________________
845555555555ऊऊऊऊऊऊ555555555555558
)))5555555555)555555555555555555555558
y then caught and produced before kulakars. During that period people
were so simple that mere utterance of Ha ! (exclamation conveying—what have you done ?) was enough to avoid any further criminal activity. This penal code of Hakar continued up to the second kulakar.
With increase in criminal activity the third and forth kulakar introduced the Makar code. With further increase the fifth kulakar introduced Dhikkar code. Thus the penal codes of Hakar for simple
offense, Makar for slightly serious offense and Dhikkar for serious $ offense continued till the time of the last kulakar.
When the kulakar age ended, the period of karma bhumi (period of 15 endeavour) commenced. Risabhadeva was the first king of this age. 4 When the criminal activities continued to increase, he introduced the 5 Paribhash and Mandal codes. With a further increase in criminal
tendencies Bharat Chakravarti introduced Charak and Chhavichchhed codes. (Avashyak Churni)
Acharya Haribhadra and other commentators are of the view that Bhagavan Risabhadeva retained the policy of the kulakar period. The last four codes were introduced by Bharat Chakravarti. Acharyas have
different opinions regarding this. Some acharyas also believe that capital 41 punishment was also introduced by Chakravarti Bharat. (Avashyak
Bhashya, verse 18) चक्रवर्तीरत्न-पद CHAKRAVARTI RATNA-PAD
(SEGMENT OF GEMS OF CHAKRAVARTI) ६७. एगमेगस्स णं रण्णो चाउरंतचक्कवट्टिस्स सत्त एगिदिय रयणा पण्णत्ता, तं जहाचक्करयणे, छत्तरयणे, चम्मरयणे, दंडरयणे, असिरयणे, मणिरयणे, काकणिरयणे।
६८. एगमेगस्स णं रण्णो चाउरंतचक्कवट्टिस्स सत्त पंचिंदिय रयणा पण्णत्ता, तं जहा+ सेणावतिरयणे, गाहावतिरयणे, वड्डइरयणे, पुरोहितरयणे, इत्थिरयणे, आसरयणे, हत्थिरयणे। 卐 ६७. प्रत्येक चातुरन्त चक्रवर्ती राजा के सात एकेन्द्रिय रत्न होते हैं-(१) चक्ररत्न, (२) छत्ररत्न, । (३) चर्मरत्न, (४) दण्डरत्न, (५) असिरत्न, (६) मणिरत्न, (७) काकणीरत्न। ६८. प्रत्येक चातुरन्त ॐ चक्रवर्ती राजा के सात पंचेन्द्रिय रत्न होते हैं-(१) सेनापतिरत्न, (२) गृहपतिरत्न, (३) वर्धकीरत्न, . + (४) पुरोहितरत्न, (५) स्त्रीरल, (६) अश्वरत्न, (७) हस्तिरत्न।
67. Every Chaturant Chakravarti (emperor of the land reaching the end of all four directions) has seven ekendriya ratna (one-sensed gem ori best thing of its class)-(1) Chakra ratna (best disc weapon), (2) Chhatra.
卐5555555555555555555555555555555555555)))))))))
卐
सप्तम स्थान
(313)
Seventh Sthaan
出牙牙牙牙牙牙牙牙牙牙牙牙牙牙牙牙牙%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
