Sramana 2002 01

Author(s): Shivprasad
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525046/1

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zramaNa SRAMANA sva0 bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA smRti aMka janavarI-jUna 2002 Rain rANasI sAmagavaM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI PARSWANATHA VIDYAPITHA, VARANASI POS "

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zramaNa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI traimAsika zodha-patrikA (sva) bha~varalAla jI nAhaTA smRti aMka) aMka 1-6 janavarI - jUna saMyuktAMka 2002 pradhAna sampAdaka prophesara sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka DaoN. zivaprasAda prakAzanArtha lekha- sAmagrI, samAcAra, vijJApana evaM sadasyatA Adi ke lie samparka kareM sampAdaka zramaNa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI.TI.AI. mArga, karauMdI po. oN. - bI.eca.yU. vArANasI-221005 (u. pra. ) e-mail : parshwanathvidyapeeth@rediffmail.com dUrabhASa: 316521 318046 phaiksa : 0542-318046 ISSN-0972-1002 vArSika sadasyatA zulka saMsthAoM ke lie vyaktiyoM ke lie isa aMka kA mUlya : ru. : ru.150.00 : ru.100.00 50.00 AjIvana sadasyatA zulka saMsthAoM ke lie : ru.1000.00 vyaktiyoM ke lie : ru.500.00 noTa : sadasyatA zulka kA ceka yA DrAphTa kevala pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nAma se hI bheMje /

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sampAdakIya zramaNa janavarI-jUna 2002 kA saMyuktAMka pAThakoM ke samakSa upasthita karate hue harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai| yadyapi yaha aMka aba se lagabhaga 6 mAha pUrva hI prakAzita ho jAnA cAhie thA kintu kucha aparihArya kAraNoM se isake prakAzana meM vilamba hotA rahA, isake liye hama apane sudhI pAThakoM se kSamAprArthI haiN| yaha aMka jaina sAhitya, itihAsa aura kalA ke marmajJa, niSkAma vidyAvyasanI, sarasvatI ke varadputra svanAmadhanya bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ke smRti aMka ke rUpa meM hai| hamArI hArdika icchA thI ki isa aMka meM hama nAhaTA jI ke lekhoM ko hI sthAna deM kintu hama apanI sImAoM ke kAraNa aisA karane meM asamartha rhe| isa aMka ke prArambha meM nAhaTA jI kI saMkSipta jIvanI tathA unake dvArA likhita aura sampAdita granthoM kI sUcI dI gayI hai jo hameM unake parijanoM se prApta huI hai| yahA~ hama use avikala rUpa se prakAzita kara rahe haiN| isa aMka meM anya lekha jaina sAhitya, darzana, bhASA aura itihAsa se sambandhita haiN| hamArA prayAsa yahI hai ki ukta viSayoM para likhe" gaye prAmANika aura vivAda rahita lekha hI zramaNa meM prakAzita hoN| yaha ki sadaiva aise lekha prApta kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hotA phira bhI yaha hameM harSa ho rahA hai ki vidvadjanoM ke sahayoga se hama isa aMka meM jo bhI sAmagrI de rahe haiM ve prAmANika aura prAya: vivAdoM se rahita haiN| zramaNa kA yaha aMka Apako kaisA lagA, isa sandarbha meM Apa apane sujhAvoM se avagata karAne kI kRpA kareM tAki AgAmI aMkoM meM Avazyaka saMzodhana/parivardhana kiyA jA ske| sammAnanIya lekhakoM se bhI nivedana hai ki zramaNa ke prakAzanArtha preSita apane lekhoM ke sandarbha mUla-granthoM se milAna kara hI bhejeM anyathA unheM prakAzita kara pAnA hamAre liye sambhava na ho skegaa| sampAdaka

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hi jaina sAhitya mahArathI bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA janma- 19 sitambara 1911 svargavAsa - 11 pharavarI 2002

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zramaNa janavarI-jUna2002 saMyuktAMka sAhityamahArathI varalAlajInAhaTAsmRti aGka sampAdakIya viSayasUcI hindI khaNDa 1. sva0 bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA - eka yugapuruSa evaM anupama preraNA srota 1-12 2. DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina dvArA guNasthAna-siddhAnta kI gaveSaNA. 13-24 - DaoN0 dharmacanda jaina 3. pArzvanAtha ke siddhAnta : digambara-zvetAmbara dRSTi 25-32 - pro0 sudarzana lAla jaina 4. hindI kAvya paramparA meM apabhraMza mahAkAvyoM kA mahatva 33-38 - sAdhvI DaoN0 madhubAlA 5. bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kI vikAsa yAtrA meM apabhraMza kA sthAna 39-43 - sAdhvI DaoN0 madhubAlA prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana - DaoN0 atula kumAra prasAda siMha 44-72 jaina saMskRti meM paryAvaraNa cetanA -DaoN0 zrIraJjanasUrideva 63-67 8. pAdaliptasUri racita 'taraMgavaIkahA' (taraMgavatI kathA) 68-70 - zrI vedaprakAza garga nATyazAstra aura abhinavabhAratI meM zAntarasa kI abhineyatA pratipAdana 71-79 aura vizvazAnti meM isakI upAdeyatA - DaoN0 madhu agravAla 10. mokSa mArga meM samyagdarzana kI bhUmikA - DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina 80-86 11. samarAiccakahA meM vyavasAyoM kA sAmAjika AdhAra 87-95 - rAghavendra pratApa siMha 12. jaina darzana meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa evaM sthAna 96-99 (zodhaprabandha-sAra) - zrImatI kalpanA 13. jainAgamoM meM bhAratIya zikSA ke mUlya - dulIcanda jaina 100-106 gAMdhI cintana meM ahiMsA evaM usakI prAsaMgikatA / 107-112 (jehAdI hiMsA ke sandarbha meM) - rAjendra siMha gurjara 15. kharataragaccha-AdyapakSIyazAkhA kA itihAsa - DaoN0 zivaprasAda 113-121 aMgrejI khaNDa 16. Jaina Campu Literature Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh 122-131 17. Misunderstanding vis-a-vis Understanding with reference to Jainism Dr. Rajjan Kumar 132-145 18. vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM 146-157 19. jaina jagat 158-172 20. sAhitya-satkAra 173-181 14. gAdhIci

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sva0 bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA ( saMkSipta paricaya) - eka yugapuruSa jaina - sAhitya mahArathI, yugapuruSa sva0 bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA kA paricaya denA sUrya ko dIpaka dikhalAne jaisA kArya hai| sAta dazakoM taka nirantara jaina sAhitya, dharma, kalA, purAtattva Adi ke kSetra meM adhyayana, lekhana, zodha sambandhI Apake yogadAna se sampUrNa zikSAjagat bhalI-bhAMti avagata hai| kisI upAdhi yA vizeSaNa se Apake yogadAna kA mUlyAMkana sambhava nahIM / vigata 11 pharavarI ko 92 varSoM kI dIrgha Ayu meM Apake nidhana se eka yuga kA anta ho gyaa| prAtaH smaraNIya bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA kA janma vi0 saM0 1968 Azvina vadi 12 maMgalavAra tadanusAra 19 sitambara 1911 IsvI ko bIkAnera zahara meM eka sampanna jaina parivAra meM huaa| Apake pitA kA nAma zrI bhairUmalajI va mAtA kA nAma zrImatI tIjA devI thaa| agaracandajI nAhaTA Apake hamaumra kintu rizte meM cAcA the| Apane AjIvana unheM kAkAjI agaracandajI kahakara unake prati jo sammAna prakaTa kiyA vaha apane ApameM anUThI aura sabhI ke lie anukaraNIya hai| ApakI skUlI zikSA zrI agaracandajI ke sAtha 5vIM kakSA taka hI huI aura paristhitivaza Apako vyavasAya meM juTa jAnA pdd'aa| kharataragacchAcArya zrI sukhasAgarajI mahArAja va AcArya zrI jinakRpAcandrasUrijI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya, preraNA aura mArgadarzana meM Apa donoM ke adhyayana, lekhana va saMzodhana kA jo krama prArambha huA vaha nirantara bar3hatA hI gayA aura abAdha rUpa se AjIvana calatA rhaa| san 1982 meM agaracandajI nAhaTA ke Akasmika nidhana ke pazcAt sAhityajagat meM jo riktatA utpanna huI use bha~varalAlajI ne kabhI bhI anubhava nahIM hone diyA aura vRddhAvasthA ke bAvajUda agale 20 varSoM taka apane jIvana ke antima samaya meM bhI sAhitya lekhana saMzodhana meM pUrvavat tana mana aura dhana se samarpita rhe| apane jIvanakAla meM nAhaTAjI ne kaI hajAra zodha lekha likhe jo deza kI vibhinna pratiSThita patrikAoM meM samaya-samaya para prakAzita hue| bar3I saMkhyA meM Apake zodhalekha agaracandajI ke nAma se hI chape tathA bahuta se lekhoM aura pustakoM ke lekhaka aura sampAdaka ke rUpa meM nAhaTAdvaya (agaracandajI- bha~varalAlajI ) kA nAma milatA hai| Apane apane lambe jIvanakAla meM aneka zodhArthiyoM ko mArgadarzana dekara unase vibhinna viSayoM para zodhakArya sampanna kraayaa| ApakI vidvattA kA lAbha na kevala zodhacchAtroM ko milA balki

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2 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka aneka sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko Apane dhArmika, sAhityika va purAlipijJAna pradAna kara unakI jJAna-sAdhanA meM sahAyatA kii| Apane prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, purAnI va nayI rAjasthAnI tathA gujarAtI, hindI, avahaTTI, baMgAlI Adi bhASAoM meM lekhana-kArya kiyaa| Apake dvArA racita vizAla sAhitya deza-videza ke sabhI pramukha vizvavidyAlayoM meM sandarbha-grantha ke rUpa meM lambe samaya se upayoga meM A rahA haiN| Apane kharataragaccha ke vibhinna racanAkAroM kI kRtiyoM ko vibhinna grantha bhaNDAroM se bar3e hI parizrama se DhU~Dha-DhU~r3ha kara unheM prakAzita kraayaa| bAisa varSoM taka nirantara Apane kuzalanirdeza nAmaka mAsika patrikA kA sampAdana aura prakAzana kiyaa| vartamAna meM bhI ApazrI kI preraNA se hI Apake pautra zrI suzIla nAhaTA ke sampAdakattva meM gaNadhara indrabhUti nAmaka mAsika patrikA kA prakAzana pichale kucha samaya se kiyA jA rahA hai| ApakI hI preraNA se Apake antevAsI mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI ne kharataragaccha ke choTe-bar3e sabhI racanAkAroM aura unakI racanAoM kI sUcI taiyAra kI jisakA abhI taka alpAMza hI prakAzita ho pAyA hai| Apa svayaM atyanta parizrama se kArya karate the tathA dUsaroM ko bhI vaisA hI karane kI preraNA dete the| agaracandajI va bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne apane lambe jIvanakAla meM do anya viziSTa kArya kiye| ye haiM- bIkAnera meM abhaya jaina granthAlaya aura zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalA bhavana kI sthaapnaa| abhaya jaina granthAlaya meM 60000 pANDulipiyAM, eka lAkha se adhika mudrita grantha tathA bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM durlabha patra-patrikAoM kI sampUrNa phAileM saMrakSita haiN| zaMkaradAna nAhaTA kalA bhavana meM aneka durlabha evaM prAcIna kalAkRtiyAM saMrakSita haiN| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki ukta saMgraha nAhaTAdvaya ne vyaktigata rUpa se apane puruSArtha ke bala para sthApita kiyA aura isameM apAra dhanarAzi vyaya kii| agaracandajI ke nidhana tathA bhaMvaralAlajI ke kalakattA meM nivAsa karane ke kAraNa ukta donoM saMsthAyeM avyavasthA kI zikAra ho gyiiN| aba bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ke nidhana se unakI aura bhI upekSA na ho isa viSaya meM jAgarUka rahane kI AvazyakatA hai| nAhaTAjI kA pArivArika jIvana atyanta sukhamaya rahA hai| ApakI dharmapatnI zrImatI jatanakumArI dhArmika kAryoM va tapasyAoM meM pratyakSa tathA adhyayana, lekhana, zodha Adi meM apratyakSa rUpa se ApakI sahAyaka rahI haiN| Apake do putra zrI pArasa kumAra jI va zrI padamacanda jI tathA 2 putriyAM zrIkAntA evaM candrakAntA haiN| ye sabhI apane mAtA-pitA ke samAna hI atyanta vinamra, susaMskArI, dhArmika kAryoM meM agraNI tathA samAjotthAna meM pUrNa sakriya haiN| *. abhaya jainagranthamAlA kI vyavasthA isa samaya sva0 agaracanda jI nAhaTA ke jyeSTha putra zrI dharamacanda jI nAhaTA ke hAthoM meM haiM aura ve usakA sucAru rUpa se saJcAlana kara rahe haiN|

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sva0 bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA - eka yugapuruSa : 3 zrI pArasakumAra jI kuzala vyavasAyI, zuddha vyAvahArika va gambhIra vyaktitva se sampanna haiN| Apane ema0kAma0 aura ela0ela0bI0 kI ucca upAdhi prApta kI hai| Apake cAra putra aura eka putrI haiN| Apake cAroM putra apane-apane vyavasAya meM nipuNa hai| __ zrIpadamacandajI ne pArivArika vyavasAya ke sAtha naye kSetroM meM bhI praveza kiyA aura virAsata meM prApta vyApArika kuzalatA se unheM gati pradAna kii| vibhinna dhArmika aura sAmAjika saMsthAoM ko apanA kuzala netRtva pradAna kara Apane apane parivAra ke gaurava meM abhivRddhi kI hai| Apa lambe samaya se kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha- pUrvI kSetra ke adhyakSa rahe haiM aura vartamAna meM akhila bhAratIya kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha ke upAdhyakSa ke rUpa meM apanI sevAyeM arpita kara rahe haiN| Apake ekamAtra putra zrI paMkaja nAhaTA Apake vyApAra ko atyanta kuzalatA se sampAdita kara rahe haiN| nAhaTAjI ke anuja harakhacandajI nAhaTA ne lIka se haTa kara naye vyApArika kSetroM meM apanA varcasva sthApita kiyaa| unhoMne apane rAjanaitika samparkoM kA upayoga dharma va samAjasevA meM kiyA tathA rASTrIya stara kI vibhinna saMsthAoM meM sakriya rUpa se agraNI kI bhUmikA nibhaayii| bAr3amera kA prasiddha jahAja mandira ApakI anupama dena hai| Apake nidhana ke pazcAt Apake tInoM putra pitA dvArA dikhAye gaye padacihnoM para calate hue samAja meM agragaNya sthAna banAye hue haiN| suprasiddha samAjasevI, pramukha udyogapati tathA paMcAla zodha saMsthAna ke kAryakArI adhyakSa zrI hajArImalajI bAMThiyA bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ke phuphere bhAI haiN| Apane bIkAnera meM suprasiddha iTAlavI vidvAn DaoN0 ela0pI0TessITorI kI kabra ko DhU~r3ha kara usakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA tathA motIjhIla, kAnapara meM unakI pratimA bhI sthApita krvaayii| jainazAstra vizAradA, suprasiddha jarmana mahilA kumArI zArloTe krAuz2e (subhadrA devI) dvArA kiye gaye zodhakAryoM ke prakAzana meM Apa pramukha bhUmikA nibhA rahe haiN| bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ke eka bhAnaje zrI tanasukharAja DAgA vIrAyatana -rAjagIra ke mantrI haiN| mAnavasevA ke kAryoM dvArA Apa rASTrasevA kA anupama udAharaNa prastuta kara nAhaTAjI ke dUsare bhAnaje zrI sUrajamalajI pugaliyA ne to samaya ke pUrva hI apanI mahattvapUrNa sarakArI sevA se nivRtti le lI aura apanA pUrNa samaya vibhinna saMsthAoM ke mAdhyama se aspatAla, skUla, kAleja, dharmazAlA, vikalAMga sevA, mandiroM tathA tIrtha Adi kI dekharekha meM vyatIta kara rahe haiN| sAdhu-sAdhvI ke rUpa meM dIkSita hokara jina zAsana kI sevA karane meM bhI nAhaTA parivAra pIche nahIM rhaa| gaNivarya zrI mahimAprabha sAgara, mahopAdhyAya candraprabha sAgara, mahopAdhyAya lalitaprabha sAgara, pUjyA sAdhvI zrI candraprabhA zrIjI, zrI vardhamAna zrIjI,

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4 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka zrI jItayazA zrIjI Apake parivAra se hI haiN| vinaya aura sAdagI kI pratimUrti sva0 nAhaTAjI kA samparka apane samaya ke prAya: sabhI zIrSastha vidvAnoM se rahA hai| inameM sva0 pUranacandajI nAhara, muni jinavijaya, mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, munikAMtisAgara jI, mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA, zrI narottamadAsa svAmI, DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, DaoN0 raghuvIra siMha, DaoN0 vizvambharanAtha pANDeya, pro0 nathamala TAMTiyA, DaoN0 ramanalAla cI0 zAha, pro0 sAgaramala jaina, pro0 madhusUdana DhAMkI, pro0 yU0pI0 zAha, maho0 vinayasAgara Adi pramukha haiN| maho0 vinayasAgarajI to sva0 nAhaTA jI dvArA prArambha kI gayI adhyayana, sampAdana evaM zodha kI zAnadAra paramparA ko lambe samaya se Age bar3hA rahe haiN| cUMki aba nAhaTAjI nahIM rahe ata: una para aura bhI adhika jimmedArI A gayI hai| ___ bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA dvArA likhita, sampAdita evaM anUdita racanAoM kI sUcI hameM unake suputra zrI padamacandajI nAhaTA aura pautra zrI suzIla nAhaTA ke saujanya se prApta huI hai, yahAM hama use avikala rUpa se prakAzita kara rahe haiN| sva0 nAhaTA jI dvArA likhita, sampAdita evaM anUdita kucha mahattvapUrNa racanAoM kA paricaya nimnalikhita hai| ye samaya kI zilA para likhe gaye amiTa lekha haiM evaM unake kAlajayI vyaktitva kA prAmANika dastAveja bhii| 1. dravyaparIkSA aura dhAtUtpatti- isake mUla lekhaka Thakkura pheru dhAMdhiyA haiM (ratnaparIkSAdi grantha saMgraha kA dUsarA va tIsarA bhaag)| bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA ne lagabhaga 55 varSa pUrva apanI zodhapipAsA kI tRpti hetu kalakattA ke eka jJAna-bhaNDAra ko khaMgAlate hue cha: sau varSa purAnI pANDulipi khoja nikAlI aura usakI presakApI taiyAra kara purAtattvAcArya muni jinavijayajI ke pAsa prakAzanArtha bhejI jo san 1961 meM ratnaparIkSAdisaptagranthasaMgraha nAma se rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura dvArA prakAzita huii| 2. mAtRkApadazRGgArarasakalitagAthAkoza- yazobhadra ke ziSya vIrabhadrakRta yaha kRti vizuddha rUpa se eka zRGgAraparaka racanA hai| isa gAthAkoza kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM mAtRkA padoM arthAt svara aura vyaJjanoM meM se kramaza: eka-eka ko gAthA kA AdyaakSara banAkara zRGgAraparaka gAthAoM kI racanA kI gayI hai| isameM kula 40 gAthAe~ haiN| gAthAe~ zRGgArika haiM, phira bhI ve maryAdAoM kA atikramaNa nahIM krtii| jahA~ maryAdA se bAhara koI saMketa karanA hotA hai kavi use apane mauna se hI iMgita kara detA hai jaise isa gAthAkoza ke anta meM kavi kahatA hai

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sva0 bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA - eka yugapuruSa : 5 pacchA jaM taM u vittaM akaha kahA kaha kahijjaMti arthAt usake pazcAt jo kucha ghaTita huA vaha akathanIya hai- kaise kahA jAya? isa prakAra mUka bhAva se bhI kathya ko abhivyakti de denA, yaha kavi kI sampreSaNazIlatA kA spaSTa pramANa hai| yaha kRti pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI se prakAzita hai| 3. sirIsahajANaMdaghanacariyaM- kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya ke bhASA-vijJAna vibhAga ke prophesara satyaraMjana banarjI ne isa grantha kI bhUmikA meM kahA hai __ "bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA dvArA racita sahajANaMdaghanacariyaM vartamAnakAla meM racita eka apabhraMza kAvya hai| mUlata: yaha kAvya apabhraMza kI antima stara kI bhASA avahaTTa meM racita hai| vidyApati kI kIrtilatA va piMgalAcArya kI prAkRta piMgala isI bhASA meM racita haiN| zrI nAhaTAjI isa kAla ke vidyApati yA piMgalAcArya the|" yaha mahAkAvya 244 gAthAoM meM hindI anuvAda sahita prakAzita hai| pUrvakAlIna kaviyoM kI racanAoM kI tulanA meM nAhaTAjI ke ukta kAvya kA mAna kisI aMza se kama nahIM hai| kavitva kI dRSTi se bhI yaha grantha atulanIya hai| - isa kAvya ke zabda atyanta sahaja va sarala haiM jisase bhASA kA sAmAnya jJAna rakhane vAle bhI isakA rasAsvAdana kara skeNge| upamAdi alaGkAroM kA bhI isameM abhAva nahIM hai tathA chanda sarala va truTihIna haiN| 4. alaMkAradappana- yaha prAkRta-bhASA meM racita eka alaGkAra grantha hai jisakA hindI anuvAda saMskRtacchAyA sahita zrI nAhaTAjI ne kiyA hai| yaha grantha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI se varSa 2001 meM prakAzita huI hai| isa grantha meM alaGkAra-sambandhI jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai isase isakA nirmANakAla 8vIM-11vIM zatAbdI kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa racanA ke kartA kA patA nahIM cltaa| prAkRta-bhASA kI alaGkAra-sambandhI yaha ekamAtra racanA jaisalamera ke bar3e jJAna bhaNDAra se tAr3apatrIya prati ke rUpa meM prApta huI hai| 5. vividhatIrthakalpa- prAkRta va saMskRta-bhASA meM jinaprabhasUri viracita kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa nAmaka isa grantha kA hindI anuvAda nAhaTAjI ne pUrNa kara san 1978 meM zrI jaina zvetAmbara nAkor3A pArzvanAtha tIrtha, mevAnagara (rAjasthAna) se prakAzita krvaayaa| kalpapradIpa athavA vizeSatayA prasiddha vividhatIrthakalpa nAmaka yaha grantha jaina-sAhitya kA eka viziSTa ratna hai| aitihAsika aura bhaugolika donoM hI dRSTiyoM se isa prakAra kA koI dUsarA grantha abhI taka jJAta nahIM huaa| yaha grantha vikrama 14vIM zatAbdI meM jainadharma ke jitane purAtana aura vidyamAna prasiddha-prasiddha tIrthasthAna the unake For Private' & Personal Use Only

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6 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka sambandha meM prAyaH eka prakAra ko gAIDa buka hai| isa grantha kA viziSTa adhyayana pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se 1990 meM prakAzita huA hai| 6. bAnagI (nAhaTAjI kI bAnagI)- yaha rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita saMsmaraNoM. rekhAcitroM evaM laghukathAoM kA saralatama saMkalana hai jisameM inhoMne apanI mAtRbhASA ko vividha vidhAoM meM kalAtmakatA ko ukerA hai| rAjasthAnI-sAhitya ke zreSTha sAhitya prakAzana bhaNDAra meM yaha eka mahattvapUrNa abhivRddhi hai| yaha saMkalana vastuta: lokajIvana evaM lokasAhitya se sazakta, jIvanta, sarasa aura sahaja citroM kI bAnagI prastuta karatI hai aura isa prakAra marudharA kI dharatI ke svara ko adhika prANavAn banAtI hai| prastuta kRti zAntilAla bhAradvAja dvArA (rAjasthAna-sAhitya akAdamI saMgama) udayapura se 1965 I0 meM prakAzita karavAyI gyii| 7. AnandaghanacaubIsI- paramaavadhUta yogirAja AnandaghanajI racita caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM ke stavana evaM padoM kA na kevala jaina apitu bhAratIya samAja meM Aja taka eka viziSTa sthAna rahA hai| ye stavana mumukSu evaM sAdhakoM ke hRdaya ko jhaMkRta karane vAle evaM AtmAnubhUti ko aura bar3hAne vAle hone se mAnasa ko bhaktirasa se AplAvita kara dete haiN| 8. yugapradhAnazrIjinacandrasari- yaha mahattvapUrNa grantha zrI abhaya jaina granthamAlA ke saptama puSpa ke rUpa meM prasphuTita huA hai| isakA prakAzana varSa saM0 1992 hai| yaha grantha bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA ne apane kAkA agaracandajI nAhaTA ke sAtha likhA hai| lekhakadvaya ne apane sAragarbhita vaktavya meM bahumUlya zodha-sAmagrI prastuta kI hai| isake antargata unhoMne aneka mahattvapUrNa prazna uThAye haiM aura unakA vidvattApUrNa samAdhAna-uttara bhI diyA hai| isakI prastAvanA mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne likhI hai, jo atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha grantha saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI, gujarAtI, baMgalA, aMgrejI. prAcIna bhASAoM aura saikar3oM hastalikhita prAcIna pANDulipiyoM, prazastiyoM, paTTAvaliyoM, riporToM Adi ke gahana adhyayana, cintana aura manana ke AdhAra para atyanta prAmANikatA ke sAtha likhA gayA hai| 9. aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha- bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA evaM agaracandajI nAhaTA ke sampAdakatva meM saM0 1994 meM zrI abhaya jaina granthAlaya ke aSTama puSpa ke rUpa meM isa grantharatna kA pragaTana huA hai| isa pustaka kA samarpaNa zrI dAnamalajI nAhaTA kI svargastha AtmA ko unake anuja aura ukta grantha ke prakAzaka zrI zaMkaradAnajI nAhaTA ne kiyA hai|

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sva0 bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA eka yugapuruSa yaha grantha tIna dRSTiyoM se atyanta upayogI hai| pahalA dRSTikoNa aitihAsikatA kA hai, dvitIya bhASA kI dRSTi se aura tRtIya sAhityikatA kI dRSTi se isameM katipaya sAdhAraNa kAvyoM ke atirikta prAyaH anya sabhI kAvya aitihAsika dRSTi se saMgrahIta kiye gaye haiM / adyAvadhi prakAzita saMgrahoM se bhASA-sAhitya kI dRSTi se yaha saMgraha sarvAdhika upayogI hai| zrI hIrAlAla jaina ne isakI vidvattApUrNa prastAvanA likhI hai| grantha meM una pANDulipiyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai jinakA upayoga isa grantha meM kiyA gayA hai| pANDulipi, tAr3apatra, hastalipi Adi se sambaddha ekAdaza citroM se yaha grantha susajjita hai / - 10. samayasundarakRtikusumAJjali - bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA evaM agaracandajI nAhaTA ke sampAdakatva meM zrI abhaya jaina granthAlaya se prasphuTita yaha kRti apanA vizeSa mahattva rakhatI hai| isameM kavivara samayasundarajI kI 563 laghu racanAoM kA saMgraha hai| DaoN0 hajArIprasAdajI dvivedI ne isakI bhUmikA likhakara isa grantha ke mahattva kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isameM san 1697 ke akAla kA bar3A hI jIvanta varNana hai / vastuta: nAhaTAjI ne isa grantha kA sampAdana- prakAzana karake hindI - sAhitya ke adhyetAoM ke sAmane mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI prastuta kI hai| bahuta 7 11. yugapradhAna zrIjinadattasUri- bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA evaM agaracandajI nAhaTA ne yaha grantha likhA hai| isakA prakAzana zrI abhaya jaina granthamAlA ke bArahaveM puSpa ke rUpa meM huA hai| ise lekhakoM neapane sva0 pitA evaM pitAmaha zaMkaradAnajI nAhaTA ko samarpita kiyA hai| isakA prakAzana saMvat 2003 meM huA / isa grantha ko likhane ke lie lekhakadvaya ko paryApta zrama karanA par3A, tadartha unhoMne jaisalamera kI yAtrA kara prAcIna jJAna bhaNDAroM se caritranAyaka se sambandhita mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI prApta kii| isa pustaka kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki sUrijI se sambandhita pUrNa pramANita yaha prathama zodhapUrNa grantha hai| 12. kyAmakhAM rAso - isa grantha ke mUla racayitA muslima kavi jAna haiN| isakA sampAdana bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA ne agaracandajI nAhaTA tathA DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA ke sAtha kiyA hai| isakA prakAzana rAjasthAna purAtattva mandira, jayapura kI rAjasthAna purAtana granthamAlA se saMvat 2010 meM huaa| yaha rAso aneka dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| isakI sAhityika mahattA uccakoTi kI hai| isakI zailI meM pravAha hai| isameM kavi ne yathAzakti mitabhASitA aura satya kA Azraya liyA hai| isakI ekamAtra prati jhuMjhanU ke jaina bhaNDAra prApta huI thii| 13. bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha - nAhaTAdvaya kI kIrti ko cAturdika prasArita karane vAle grantharatnoM meM se yaha grantha bhI eka hai| grantha ke prAkkathana lekhaka pro0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne nAhaTAjI ke prakANDa pANDitya, zramaniSThA aura zodharuci kI

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8 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| isa grantha kA prakAzana zrI abhaya jaina granthAlaya ke paJcadaza puSpa ke rUpa meM san 1956 meM huaa| isameM bIkAnera rAjya ke 2617 tathA jaisalamera ke 171 aprakAzita lekhoM kA saMgraha hai| grantha ke prArambha meM zodhapUrNa vistRta bhUmikA dI gayI hai| pariziSTa meM bRhad jJAna bhaNDAra kI vasIyata, zrI jinakRpAcandrasUri upAzraya kA vyavasthApatra aura paryuSaNoM meM kasAIbAr3A bandI ke mucalake kI nakala hai| nAhaTAjI ne lekha saMgraha ke kSetra meM yaha bahuta bar3A kAma kiyA hai| grantha ke pratyeka pRSTha para unakA kaThina zrama jhalakatA hai aura unakI agAdha vidvattA grantha ke AdhAnta tk| isa utkRSTa koTi ke grantha praNayana ke lie nAhaTAdvaya kI jitanI bhI prazaMsA kI jAya, vaha thor3I hai| isameM lagabhaga 100 citra bhI diye gaye haiN| 14. sItArAmacaupAI- isa grantha kA sampAdana bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA evaM agaracandajI nAhaTA ne kiyA hai| isakA prakAzana sAdula rAjasthAnI risarca insTITyUTa se saMvat 2019 meM huA hai| mahopAdhyAya kavivara samayasundarajI 17vIM sadI ke vidvAn santa the| ApakA sAhitya bahuta vizAla hai| Apane gadya aura padya donoM hI vidhAoM meM sAhitya-sarjanA kI hai| ApakI padya racanAoM meM sItArAmacaupAI sabase bar3I racanA hai| isakA parimANa 3700 zloka parimita hai| jaina-paramparA kI rAmakathA ko isa mahAkAvya meM gumphita kiyA gayA hai| 15. ratnaparIkSA- Thakkurapheru dvArA viracita yaha grantha lagabhaga ATha sau varSa prAcIna hai| mUla grantha prAkRta-bhASA meM racita hai| isakA hindI anuvAda agaracanda bha~varalAla nAhaTA ne kiyA hai| ratnaparIkSA-sambandhI ine-gine granthoM meM isa grantha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| pustaka kI bhUmikA meM vidvAn sampAdakoM ne ratnaparIkSA-sambandhI hindI-sAhitya ke granthoM kA savivaraNa ullekha kiyA hai| isameM coTI ke vidvAnoM ke lekha bhI saMgrahIta haiN| pariziSTa meM navaratnaparIkSA, moharAMrIparIkSA ityAdi dekara pustaka ko aura bhI upayogI banAyA gayA hai| prasiddha jauharI zrI rAjarUpajI TA~ka ne ratnoM para prakAza DAlate hue isa grantha ko vizva-sAhitya meM ajor3a grantha batalAyA hai| 16. maNidhArI zrIjinacandrasUri- saMvat 1996 meM prakAzita agaracanda bha~varalAla nAhaTA kI yaha eka anupama kRti hai| isakI prastAvanA DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA ne likhI hai| zrI abhaya jaina granthamAlA dvArA prakAzita 76 pRSTha kI yaha pustaka nyU rAjasthAna presa 73-e cAsAdhobApAr3A sTrITa, kalakattA dvArA mudrita hai| - 17. yugapradhAna zrIjinacandrasUricaritam- prastuta pustaka upAdhyAya labdhimuni dvArA viracita aura bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA dvArA sampAdita hai| isameM 6 sarga aura 1212

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sva0 bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA - eka yugapuruSa : 9 padya aura kucha aMza gadya bhI haiN| 18. dAdAzrIjinakuzalasari- prastuta pustaka tRtIya dAdAsAhaba para agaracanda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA dvArA likhita aura nAhaTA bradarsa dvArA prakAzita zrI abhaya jaina granthamAlA kA 20vA~ puSpa hai| isakI prastAvanA muni jinavijayajI ne likhI hai jisameM ukta kRti kA sArAMza sahita anya prakAzita/aprakAzita jJAna bhaNDAra kI jAnakArI dI gayI hai| 19. hammIrAyaNa- prastuta pustaka jayatigade cauhAna ke putra raNathambhaura ke rAjA hammIrade kI kathA hai jo bhANDAjI vyAsa dvArA racita aura sAdUla rAjasthAnI risarca insTITyUTa, bIkAnera dvArA prakAzita hai| zrI bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA dvArA yaha pustaka sampAdita hai| isameM prakAzakIya zrI lAlacanda koThArI, do zabda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA va bhUmikA DaoN0dazaratha zarmA ne likhI hai| 20. samayasundararAsapaJcaka- yugapradhAna jinacandrasUri se dIkSita, sakalacandagaNi ke ziSya mahopAdhyAya samayasundarajI kI jIvanI ke sAtha unakI racanAoM ko bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne sampAdita kiyA hai| sAdUla rAjasthAnI risarca insTIcyUTa, bIkAnera dvArA yaha grantha vi0saM0 2017 meM prakAzita huA hai| 21. padminIcaritracaupAI- prastuta zodhapUrNa grantha saundarya, buddhiyukta dhairya, adamya sAhasI, pAtivratya va satItva kI pratIka rAnI padmAvatI para racita, saMgRhIta va zodhasiddha racanA hai| bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA dvArA sampAdita, sAdula rAjasthAnI risarca insTITyUTa, bIkAnera se vi0saM0 2018 meM prakAzita yaha kRti DaoN0 dazaratha zarmA ke vivecana sahita kavi labdhodaya kI prathama racanA hai| 22. satImRgAvatI- bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA dvArA yaha pustaka 17 varSa kI Ayu meM 1928 I0 meM likhI gayI thI, jise zrI jinadattasUri sevA saMgha ne puna: prakAzita kraayaa| 23. taraMgavatI- AcArya zrIpAdaliptasUri kI prAkRtakRti kA saMkSipta rUpa 'taraMgavatI' zatAvadhAnI paM0 dhIrajalAla zAha kI gujarAtI meM prakAzita (zreNI 5, bhAga 1-2) 'bAla granthAvalI' kA hindI anuvAda hai| yaha kRti zrI jinadattasUri sevA saMgha dvArA prakAzita hai| 24. kalakatte kI jaina kArtika rathayAtrA mahotsava- vizva kI atulanIya jaina rathayAtrA kA uddezya, mahattA, aitihAsika-tathya sapramANa likhakara bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA ne nAhaTA bradarsa va jogIrAma baijanAtha (sarAvagI) se prakAzita kraayii| isakA prakAzana 1957 I0 meM huaa|

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10 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 25. nagarakoTakAMgar3AmahAtIrtha-- himAcala pradeza ke jainatIrtha, jise uttarI bhArata kA zatruJjaya tIrtha kahA jAtA hai, para bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA kI yaha zodha pustaka baMsIlAlajI kocara zatavArSikI abhinandana samiti dvArA prakAzita hai| 26. zrIsvarNagirijAlora- yaha kRti 108 pRSThoM meM likhakara bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ne prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura aura bI0 je0 nAhaTA phAuNDezana, kalakattA se I0san 1995 meM prakAzita kraayii| 27. bhagavAnmahAvIrakA janmasthAna "kSatriyakuNDa'' - tIrtha kI prAmANikatA para zodhaparaka yaha pustaka zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ke sAtha bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA ne likhI va mahendra siMghI dvArA vIra nirvANa saMvat 2500 meM yaha prakAzita huii| 28. zrIgautamasvAmIkA janmasthAna 'kuNDalapura' (nAlandA)-- jaina purAtattva sAhitya va pramANa purassara tIrthabhUmi nAlandA para sacitra pustaka kA lekhana bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA ne kiyA va mahendra siMghI ne vIra nirvANa saMvat 2501 meM ise prakAzita kiyaa| 29. vArANasI-jainatIrtha- uttara pradeza kI dharmabhUmi vArANasI para prastuta pustaka bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA dvArA likhita 17 pRSThIya kRti hai, jo vIra nirvANa saMvat 2502 meM prakAzita huii| 30. kAmpilyapuratIrtha- 13veM tIrthaGkara vimalanAtha bhagavAn kI kalyANaka bhUmi kAmpilya pAMcAla deza kI rAjadhAnI para eka jaina zodhArthI kI eka najara kI pratibimbarUpI isa pustaka meM dharma/purAtattva, jaina vibhUtiyoM kI tapobhUmi va vicaraNabhUmi para vistRta prakAza lekhaka bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA ne DAlA hai| yaha kRti zrI jaina zvetAmbara mahAsabhA (hastinApura) uttara pradeza dvArA prakAzita hai| 31. mahAtIrthazrAvastI- tIrthaGkara bhagavAn sambhavanAtha kI cAra kalyANaka bhUmi aura gautama buddha kI tapasyAsthalI sAvatthI (baharAica-balarAmapura se 15 kilomITara dUra) jaina tIrtha para 40 pRSThoM meM bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA dvArA likhita yaha grantha paMcAla zodha saMsthAna dvArA 1987 I0/vikrama saMvat 2044 meM prakAzita hai| 32. vicAraratnasAra- prastuta grantha upAdhyAya devacandra kI lekhanI kI dena hai| AcArya haribhadra apane yuga ke mUrdhanya jaina sAhityakAra hue| unake paravartIkAla meM hue jaina sAhityakAroM kI trimUrti jaina/jainetara-sAhitya evaM samAja meM bhI supratiSThita haiM- Anandaghana, yazovijaya ke sAtha upAdhyAya devcndr| unakA sAhitya AdhyAtmika, AsthAplAvita, vyavasthAmUlaka aura naitika pRSThabhUmi se pratiSThita hai| gadya evaM padya- donoM hI rUpoM meM nibaddha kRtiyA~ gRhyatama satyoM ko udghATita karane kA uddezya lie lakSita hotI haiN| ukta grantha ko rASTrabhASA hindI meM sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie lAbhadAyaka banAne ke

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sva0 bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA - eka yugapuruSa : 11 uddezya se bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne anUdita kiyA hai| 33. zrIsahajAnandadhanapatrAvalI-yogIndra yugapradhAna gurudeva zrI sahajAnandaghanajI ma.sA0 dvArA pUjya sAdhu-sAdhvIjI tathA bhaktoM ko diye gaye hajAroM patroM meM se 706 mahattvapUrNa patra saMkalita kara bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne sampAdita kI hai| zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, ratnakUTa, hampI (karnATaka) dvArA 1985 I0 meM yaha prakAzita huI hai| 34. kSaNikAe~- 150 gadya kSaNikAoM kI AkRti meM yaha choTI pustaka 1984 I0 kI hindI kI sarvazreSTha kRti se puraskRta hai| isameM bhAratavarSa kI sabase bar3I saMkhyA meM upalabdha gadya gIta jinameM mAtra kalpanA kI ur3Ana nahIM, zAzvata satya aura tathya kA samAyojana hai| bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kI ekamAtra kSaNikAkRti anuja putra azoka nAhaTA ke alpAyu meM svargastha hone para use samarpita, zrI chaganalAla zAstrI dvArA samIkSita aura nAhaTA grupa oNpha TreDarsa limiTeDa dvArA prakAzita hai| 35. bambaIcintAmaNipArzvanAthAdistavanapadasaMgraha- kharataragacchIya vAcaka zrIamarasindhurajI dvArA racita 12 pAThoM meM saMkalita bhajanoM kI maJjUSA agaracanda bha~varalAla nAhaTA dvArA sampAdita, saM0 2014 meM zrI cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira TrasTa dvArA prakAzita aura 162 pRSThoM meM samAhita hai| prastAvanA meM jaina/jainetara darzanoM meM mokSamArga ke sAdhanoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 36. zrImadadevacandrastavanAvalI- zrImadadevacandrajI dvArA racita stavanoM kA saMkalana zrI agaracanda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA dvArA sampAdita zrImaddevacandra granthamAlA, 4 jagamohana mallika lena, kalakattA dvArA saM0 2012 meM prakAzita hai| 37. zrIjainazvetAmbarapaMcAyatImandira, kalakattA sArddhazatAbdImahotsava smRtigrantha (saM0 1971 se 2021)-- isa grantha meM bar3e jaina zvetAmbara mandira va dAdAbAr3I ke sAtha kalakatte ke anya mandiroM kA bhI sacitra itihAsa hai aura 12 aitihAsika lekha bhI haiN| isakA sampAdana bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA ne kiyA hai| 38. maNidhArIzrIjinacandrasUriaSTamazatAbdIsmRtigrantha- agaracanda bha~varalAlajI nAhaTA dvArA sampAdita, maNidhArI zrIjinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI samAroha samiti 53, rAmanagara, naI dillI-55 dvArA prakAzita (san 1971/vIra saM0 2487) grantha kI sAragarbhita prastAvanA "nAhaTA bandha' ne hI likhI hai| do khaNDoM meM vibhakta isa grantha ke prathama khaNDa meM 43 lekha haiM, dvitIya khaNDa meM kharataragacchIyasAhityasUcI inhIM kI saMkalita va mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI dvArA sampAdita hai| 39. mahAtIrthaahicchatrA- bhagavAn pArzvanAtha para kamaTha ke jIva meghamAlI dvArA

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12 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka kiye gaye upasarga para dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI dvArA sahasraphaNa dhAraNa kara bhagavAn kI bhakti kara upasarga se rakSA kI gayI, vahI sthAna ahicchatrA khlaayaa| usa sthAna kA itihAsa bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA ne likhA tathA pAJcAla zodha saMsthAna 52/16 zakkarapaTTI, kAnapura se yaha prakAzita huaa| 40. kharataragaccha ke pratibodhita gotra aura jAtiyA~- kharataragacchAcAryoM dvArA pratibodha dekara samaya-samaya para aneka jAtiyoM ko samyak mArga para ArUr3ha kiyA gyaa| nAhaTAdvaya ke isa grantha kA prakAzana zrIjinadattasUri sevA saMgha, 4 mIra bohAraghATa sTrITa, kolakAtA-7 se saM0 2030 meM huaa| uparokta granthoM ke atirikta choTI-bar3I anya kRtiyA~ bhI haiM jinakA nAmollekha karake hameM isa lekha ko virAma denA cAhiye 41. rAjagRha, 42. jogIpahAr3I aura pUrva bhArata ke jaina tIrtha va mandira, 43. udAratA apanAiye, 46. dIvAnasAhaba sara siremalajI bAphanA, 47. vinayacandrakRti kusumAJjali, 48. jIvadayAprakaraNakAvyatrayo, 49. sahajAnandasaMkIrtana, 50. mahAtIrtha pAvApurI, 51. zrIjinadattasUri sevA saMgha smArikA (amarAvatI), 52. zrIjinadattasUri sevA saMgha smArikA (bilADA), 53. ratnaparIkSAdisaptagranthasaMgraha, 54. campApurI, 55. jaina kathA saMcaya, bhAga-1,2, 56. jJAnasAra granthAvalI, 57. sahajAnanda sudhA, 58. yugapradhAna zrIjinacandrasUricaritra, 59. cAra pratyeka buddha, 60. nihnavavAda, 61. jaisalamera ke kalApUrNa jaina mandira, 62. anubhUti kI AvAja, 63. Atmasiddhi, 64. AtmadraSTA mAtuzrI dhanadevIjI, 65. zAmbapradyumnakathA, 66. kharataragaccha dIkSA nandI sUcI, 67. kharataragaccha kA itihAsa, 68. kAnhar3a kaThiyArA kI caupAI. 69. thAvaccAputra RSicaupAI, 70. DholAmArUrA dUhA (a.pra.), 71. sAgara seTha caupAI (a.pra.), 72. mantrIzvara karmacandravaMza kA itihAsa (a.pra.), 73. Agare ke lor3hoM kA sammetazikhara saMgha varNana (a.pra.), 74. vijJaptipatrasaMgraha (a.pra.), 75. mahAtIrtha sammetazikhara (a.pra.), 76. saptasmaraNa Adi hindI padyAnuvAda (a.pra.), 77. chAjer3a gotra kA itihAsa (a.pra.), 78. aSTApada kA itihAsa (a.pra.) __uparokta granthoM ke lekhana/sampAdana ke alAvA Apake lagabhaga sahasrAdhika lekha agaracandajI nAhaTA ke sAtha tathA svatantra rUpa se prakAzita ho cuke haiN| apane Apa meM eka-eka lekha mahAprabandha haiN| ye lekha lagabhaga 400 vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN|

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DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina dvArA guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke vikAsa krama kI gaveSaNA DaoN0 dharmacanda jaina* samprati jainavidyA ke agragaNya vidvAn DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne jainadharma-darzana, bhASA, saMskRti, kalA, itihAsa Adi sabhI AyAmoM para apanI gaveSaNApUrNa lekhanI calAyI hai| DaoN0 jaina ke lekhoM evaM kRtiyoM meM unakA gahana adhyayana, manana, maulika sUjha evaM pramANopeta tarka sarvatra jhalakate haiN| prastuta lekha meM unakI kRti 'guNasthAna-siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa' para vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| parNa gaveSaNApUrvaka likhI gayI isa kRti meM 9 adhyAya haiN| prathama adhyAya meM guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke udbhava evaM vikAsa kI sArabhUta carcA hai| dvitIya, tRtIya evaM caturtha adhyAyoM meM kramaza; tattvArthasUtra, zvetAmbara-sAhitya evaM digambara-sAhitya meM guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke bIjoM kA anveSaNa evaM vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| ye cAroM adhyAya lekhaka ke vigata cAra-pA~ca varSoM ke zodha prayatnoM kA pariNAma hai| paJcama adhyAya meM jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM unake svarUpa para vicAra karate hue samIkSA kI gayI hai| saptama adhyAya lekhaka ne nayA likhA hai jisameM karma-siddhAnta ke vibhinna pakSoM kA guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke sAtha atyanta nikaTa kA sambandha batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jaina karma-siddhAnta ko samajhe binA guNasthAna-siddhAnta ko tathA guNasthAna-siddhAnta ko samajhe binA karma-siddhAnta ko nahIM jAnA jA sktaa|' isa adhyAya meM karmoM ke bandha, udaya, udIraNA evaM sattA kA vivecana bhI guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| aSTama adhyAya meM guNasthAna-siddhAnta kI avadhAraNAoM kI bauddha, AjIvaka, gItA, yogavAziSTa, yogadarzana Adi darzanoM meM pratipAdita AdhyAtmika vikAsa-krama se tulanA kI gayI hai| navama adhyAya meM gati, indriya Adi 14 mArgaNAoM kA vivecana guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha grantha guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke udbhava evaM vikAsa se lekara usake vibhinna AyAmoM kA sampUrNa citra prastuta karatA hai| prastuta kRti kI upayogitA asandigdha hai, kyoMki isameM guNasthAna-siddhAnta kA saMkSepa meM sarvAGga vivecana upalabdha hai| isa dRSTi se adhyAya sAta evaM ATha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| *. esozieTa prophesara, saMskRta-vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura(rAja.).

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14 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka DaoN0 jaina kI nayI sthApanA prathama cAra adhyAyoM meM kendrita hai, ataH prastuta lekha meM inhIM adhyAyoM para vizeSa vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| ina cAra adhyAyoM meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna sthitiyoM ko citrita karane vAle guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke udbhava evaM vikAsa kA zodhaparaka vizleSaNa kiyA hai| guNasthAna-siddhAnta Aja jainadharma meM atyanta pratiSThita siddhAnta hai| karmoM ke bandha, udaya, udIraNA evaM sattA kA vivecana guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| kisa jIva ke kisa guNasthAna meM kitanI karma-prakRtiyoM kA bandha, udaya Adi hotA hai ise pratipAdita karane vAle granthoM kA pRthak se nirmANa bhI huA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama, karmaprakRti, karma-grantha, paJcasaMgraha Adi grantha isa dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| yahI nahIM guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para laghudaNDaka, mahAdaNDaka Adi stotra granthoM kA bhI nirmANa huA hai| jaina karma-siddhAnta kA sUkSma vivecana guNasthAna-siddhAnta ko AdhAra banAkara calatA hai| jainadharma ke aise pramakha siddhAnta ke udbhava evaM vikAsa kI carcA karanA unake vizuddha zaikSika evaM gaveSaNApUrNa adhyayana kI ruci evaM usake prastutIkaraNa ke prati utkaTa sAhasa ko abhivyakta karatA hai| . jainadharma meM AtmA ke AdhyAtmika-vikAsa kI sthitiyoM ko guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| guNasthAnoM kI saMkhyA 14 mAnya hai| ve 14 guNasthAna isa prakAra haiM 1. mithyAtva, 2. sAsvAdana, 3. samyagmithyAdRSTi (mizra), 4. samyaktva, 5. dezavirata, 6. pramattasaMyata, 7. apramattasaMyata, 8. nivRttibAdara, 9. anivRttibAdara, 10. sUkSmasamparAya, 11. upazAntamoha, 12. kSINamoha, 13. saMyogIkevalI aura 14. ayogI kevlii| . DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne apanI zodha-kRti meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jainadharma meM ina 14 guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA dhIre-dhIre vikasita huI hai| ____ DaoN0 jaina kA mantavya hai ki guNasthAna-siddhAnta kI suvyavasthita avadhAraNA cauthI aura pA~cavIM zatI IsvI ke madhya nirmita huI hai| isa mantavya kA AdhAra bhI jaina-grantha hI haiM, jinameM guNasthAna-siddhAnta kA kramika vikAsa dikhAyI par3atA hai| DaoN0 jaina ne apanA yaha mantavya digambara, zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya sampradAya ke mAnya granthoM evaM tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra para nirdhArita kiyA hai| yahI nahIM unhoMne guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke ullekha-anullekha ke AdhAra para aneka jaina-granthoM kA paurvAparya bhI siddha kiyA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina kA yaha maulika vizleSaNa hai ki guNasthAna-siddhAnta evaM 14 guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA zanaiH zanaiH vikasita huI hai| DaoN0 jaina ne apane mantavya hetu nimnAMkita pramukha tarka diye haiM1. AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita, dazavaikAlika, bhagavatI Adi prAcIna stara ke AgamoM meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM sarvaprathama samavAyAGga meM jIvasthAna ke nAma se 14

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DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina dvArA guNasthAna - siddhAnta ke vikAsa krama kI gaveSaNA 06 15 guNasthAnoM kA ullekha huA hai | samavAyAGga ke pazcAt zvetAmbara - paramparA meM guNasthAnoM ke 14 nAmoM kA ullekha Avazyakaniyukti meM prApta hotA hai; 3 kintu yahA~ para inakI gaNanA 14 bhUtagrAmoM kA varNana karate samaya guNasthAna zabda kA ullekha kiye binA hI kI gayI hai; kintu DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne inheM Avazyakaniryukti meM prakSipta mAnA hai, kyoMki haribhadrasUri (8vIM zatI) ne Avazyakaniyukti kI TIkA meM 'adhunAmunaiva guNasthAnadvAreNa darzayannAha saMgrahaNikAra' kahakara ina gAthAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| niyuktiyoM ke gAthAkrama meM bhI ina gAthAoM kI gaNanA nahIM kI jAtI hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki niyukti meM ye gAthAe~ saMgrahaNIsUtra se prakSipta kI gayI haiN| prAcIna prakIrNakoM meM bhI guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA abhAva hai| 2. 3. 4. 5. zvetAmbara - pa - paramparA meM ina 14 avasthAoM ke liye guNasthAna zabda kA sarvaprathama prayoga AvazyakacUrNi (7vIM zatI) meM milatA hai| jinadAsagaNi ne isakA tIna pRSThoM meM vivaraNa diyA hai| tattvArthabhAvya para siddhasenagaNi kI vRtti evaM haribhadrasUri kI tattvArthasUtra kI TIkA meM bhI isa siddhAnta kA vistRta vivecana huA hai| digambara-paramparA meM kasAyapAhuDa ko chor3akara SaDkhaNDAgama, 7 mUlAcAra, ' bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura kundakunda ke samayasAra, niyamasAra jaise adhyAtmapradhAna granthoM meM tathA tattvArtha sUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi, 10 rAjavArtika, 11 zlokavArtika 12 Adi TIkAoM meM guNasthAna - siddhAnta kA vistRta vivecana huA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke prArambhika aMza ko chor3akara sabhI uparyukta granthoM meM guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga huA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM prArambha meM inheM jIvasamAsa kahA gayA hai| uparyukta mantavyoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue DaoN0 jaina ne guNasthAna - siddhAnta ke bIjoM kI carcA karate hue tattvArthasUtra, kasAyapAhuDa, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, AcArAGganiryukti Adi para vizeSa dhyAna kendrita kiyA hai| DaoN0 jaina ke dvArA pradarzita kucha tathya isa prakAra haiM 1. tattvArtha sUtra (dvitIya tRtIya zatI I0) jainadharma kI pramukha mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdaka grantha hai; kintu usameM guNasthAna - siddhAnta kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| yahI nahIM tattvArthabhASya meM bhI isa siddhAnta kA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki tattvArthasUtra evaM usake bhASya kA nirmANa hone taka guNasthAna- siddhAnta kI avadhAraNA astitva meM nahIM AyI thii| DaoN0 jaina ne guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke bIjoM kI carcA karate hue unheM tattvArthasUtra meM bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki tattvArthasUtra meM karma-nirjarA ke prasaMga meM samyagdRSTi

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16 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka zrAvaka, virata ananta viyojaka, darzana moha kSapaka (cAritra moha), upazamaka upazAnta (cAritra) moha, kSapaka, kSINamoha aura jina aisI daza kramazaH vikAsamAna sthitiyoM kA citraNa huA hai,13 jinameM mithyAdRSTi, sAsvAdana, samyak mithyAdRSTi (mizra) aura ayogI kevalI ko chor3akara 10 guNasthAnoM ke nAma prakArAntara se mila jAte haiN| isI prakAra tattvArthasatra ke navama adhyAya ke parISaha-prasaMga meM bAdara-samparAya, sUkSma-samparAya, chadmastha vItarAga evaM jina avasthAoM kA ullekha huA hai14 tathA dhyAna prasaMga meM avirata, dezavirata, pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata, upazAntakaSAya, kSINakaSAya aura kevalI zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai;15 kintu guNasthAna kA evaM usake vyavasthita svarUpa kA nirUpaNa tattvArthasUtra meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne apanI pustaka meM yaha bAta bhI kahI hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA jo krama hai usakI guNasthAna-siddhAnta se bhinnatA hai| guNasthAna-siddhAnta meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki upazamazreNI vAlA jIva kramaza: AThaveM, naveM evaM dazaveM guNasthAna se hokara gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM jAtA hai aura kSapaka zreNI vAlA jIva AThaveM, naveM evaM dazaveM guNasthAna se sIdhA bArahaveM guNasthAna meM praveza kara jAtA hai jabaki umAsvAti yaha mAnate hue pratIta hote haiM ki cAhe darzanamoha ke upazama aura kSaya kA prazna ho yA cAritramoha ke upazama yA kSaya. kA prazna ho, pahale upazama hotA hai aura phira kSaya hotA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina isa sambandha meM apanA mantavya dete hue likhate haiM- umAsvAti ke samakSa karmoM ke upazama aura kSaya kI avadhAraNA to upasthita rahI hogI; kintu cAritramoha kI vizuddhi ke prasaMga meM upazamazreNI aura kSAyika zreNI se alaga-alaga ArohaNa kI avadhAraNA vikasita nahIM ho pAyI hogii| isI prakAra upazama zreNI se kiye gaye AdhyAtmika vikAsa se punaH patana ke bIca kI avasthAoM kI kalpanA bhI nahIM rahI hogii|16 2. digambara grantha kasAyapAhuDa ko ve guNasthAna-siddhAnta kI dRSTi se tattvArthasUtra ke samakAlIna mAnate haiN| kasAyapAhuDa meM bhI na to guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga huA hai aura na hI guNasthAna sambandhI 14 avasthAoM kA suvyavasthita nirUpaNa huA hai| kasAyapAhuDa meM guNasthAna se sambaddha ye pAribhASita zabda prayukta hue haiM-- mithyAdRSTi, samyaka mithyAdRSTi (mizra), avirata samyagdRSTi, dezavirata/viratAvirata (saMyamAsaMyama), viratasaMyata, upazAntakaSAya, kSINamoha17 aadi| kasAyapAhuDa evaM tattvArthasatra kI tulanA karane para jJAta hotA hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM samyak mithyAdRSTi kI avadhAraNA anupasthita hai jabaki kasAyapAhuDa meM isa para vistRta carcA upalabdha hai| tattvArthasUtra meM jo anantaviyojaka kI avadhAraNA kA prayoga huA hai vaha kasAyapAhuDa meM prApta nahIM hotaa| usake sthAna para usameM darzanamoha upazamaka kI avadhAraNA pAyI jAtI hai| kasAyapAhuDa meM eka anya vizeSa avasthA sUkSma-samparAya kA nAma AyA hai|

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DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina dvArA guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke vikAsa krama kI gaveSaNA : 17 upazAnta moha evaM kSINamoha ke bIca donoM meM kSapaka kI upasthiti mAnI gayI hai; kintu guNasthAna-siddhAnta meM aisI koI avasthA nahIM hai| isase DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki kasAyapAhuDa aura tattvArthasUtra meM karma-vizuddhi kI avasthAoM ke prazna para bahuta adhika samAnatA hai| mAtra mizra (samyak mithyAdRSTi) aura sUkSma samparAya kI upasthiti ke AdhAra para usako tattvArtha kI apekSA kiJcit vikasita mAnA jA sakatA hai| donoM kI zabdAvalI krama aura nAmoM kI ekarUpatA se yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki donoM eka hI kAla kI racanAe~ haiN|18 zvetAmbara-sAhitya meM guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke bIjoM kI khoja karate hue DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne pratipAdita kiyA hai ki AcArAGganiyukti ke samyaktva parAkrama adhyAya kI niyukti meM tattvArthasUtra meM pratipAdita AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dasa avasthAoM kI carcA prApta hotI hai jisameM samyaktvotpatti zrAvaka virata, anantaviyojaka, darzanamohakSapaka, upazamaka, upazAnta, kSapaka, kSINamoha aura jina isa dasa avasthAoM kA ullekha huA hai|19 AcArAganiyukti kauna se bhadrabAhu kI racanA hai, isa para bhI DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai aura ve isa niSkarSa para paha~ce haiM ki AryazivabhUti ke ziSya Aryabhadra dvArA I0 dvitIya-tRtIya zatAbdI meM niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI gayI hai|20 DaoN0 jaina ne yaha saMketa diyA hai ki AcArAGganiyukti meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa yA guNazreNiyoM kI dasa avasthAoM kI carcA usI prakAra prakSipta hai jisa prakAra SaTkhaNDAgama ke vedanAkhaNDa kI cUlikA meM inheM avatarita kiyA gayA hai| DaoN0 jaina kahate haiM- aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye gAthAe~ dhavalA TIkA aura gommaTasAra meM bhI avatarita kI gayI haiN| isI prakAra ye gAthAe~ niyuktiyoM, karmagranthoM tathA paJcasaMgraha meM bhI avatarita kI jAtI rahI haiN| niyuktiyoM ke pazcAt zvetAmbara-paramparA meM ye gAthAe~ kucha pAThabheda ke sAtha zivazarmasUri praNIta karmaprakRti meM upalabdha hotI haiN|21 DaoN0 jaina kA mantavya hai ki Avazyakaniyukti kI pratikramaNa niyukti meM gAthA saMkhyA 1287 ke pazcAt kI do gAthAe~ prakSipta haiN| jaisAki pahale ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai ki haribhadrasUri ne Avazyakaniyukti para TIkA karate hue unheM niyukti gAthA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai apitu inheM kisI saMgrahaNI gAthA ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| ata: yaha suspaSTa hai ki niyukti sAhitya meM 14 guNasthAnoM kI avadhAraNA anupalabdha hai| niyuktiyoM meM tattvArthasUtra ke samAna hI dasa guNa zreNiyoM kI carcA hai| zivazarma dvArA racita karma-prakRti meM bhI ye gAthAe~ lI gayI haiN| itanI vizeSatA avazya hai ki 'jiNe ya duvihe' kaha kara sayogI aura ayogI ina do prakAroM kI avadhAraNA AyI hai| zivazarmasUri kI karma-prakRti ke pazcAt candraRSikRta paJcasaMgraha ke bandha dvAra ke udaya nirUpaNa meM kucha pAThabheda ke sAtha yaha avadhAraNA prApta hotI hai|

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4. 18 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka zvetAmbara-paramparA meM 11 guNazreNiyoM kA antima ullekha devendrasUri viracita zataka nAmaka paJcama karmagrantha meM prApta hotA hai| 22 digambara-sAhitya meM guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke bIjoM kI gaveSaNA karate hue unhoMne kArtikeyAnuprekSA evaM SaTkhaNDAgama para apanA dhyAna kendrita kiyA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bhI guNasthAna-siddhAnta kI carcA nahIM hai aura na upazamazreNI aura kSAyikazreNI ke alaga-alaga vikAsa kI bAta kahI gayI hai| guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa Adi jo viziSTa nAma haiM unakA bhI kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM koI ullekha nahIM hai; kintu jisa prakAra tattvArthasUtra meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA abhAva hote hue bhI karma nirjarA ke AdhAra para samyagdRSTi, zrAvaka, virata Adi dasa avasthAoM kA citraNa hai usI prakAra kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bhI nirjarAnuprekSA ke antargata karmanirjarA ke AdhAra para bAraha avasthAoM kA citraNa huA hai| ye avasthAe~ isa prakAra haiM231. mithyAtvI, 2. samyakdRSTi (dRSTi), 3. aNuvratadhArI, 4. mahAvratI, 5. prathamakaSAyacatuSka viyojaka, 6.kSapakazIla, 7. darzanamohatrika (kSINa), 8. kaSAyacatuSka upazamaka, 9. kSapaka, 10. kSINamoha 11. sayogInAtha aura 12. ayogiinaath| tattvArthasUtra aura AcArAGganiyukti meM prApta hone vAle dasa nAmoM ke atirikta jo do nAma kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM adhika prApta haiM, ve haiM- mithyAdRSTi aura ayogiikevlii| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina kA kathana hai ki isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha grantha AcArAGganiyukti aura tattvArthasUtra ke pazcAt kA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA aura kundakunda kI dvAdazAnuprekSA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate hue DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne kArtikeyAnuprekSA ko prAcIna mAnA hai|24 SaTkhaNDAgama meM guNasthAna-siddhAnta pUrNata: vikasita rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| isakA satprarUpaNAkhaNDa 14 guNasthAnoM kI vistRta vivecanA karatA hai| yaha avazya hai ki isameM guNasthAna zabda ke sthAna para jIvasamAsa zabda hI prayukta huA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina kA mantavya hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama guNasthAna-siddhAnta kA eka vikasita grantha hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM vikasita guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke sAtha-sAtha ve bIja bhI upasthita haiM jinase guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA vikasita huI hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI cUlikA meM jo do gAthAe~ uddhRta haiM25 ve AcArAGganiyukti meM se lI gayI pratIta hotI haiN| guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke ina mUla bIjoM ko saMgRhIta karane kI yaha pravRtti digambara-paramparA meM Age gommaTasAra ke kAla taka calatI rahI hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI mUlagAthA kI apekSA vyAkhyAsUtroM meM vikAsa aura artha kI spaSTatA hai|

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DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina dvArA guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke vikAsa krama kI gaveSaNA : 19 guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke nirmANa ke sambandha meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina kahate haiM ki SaTkhaNDAgama ke vyAkhyAsUtroM ke gyAraha sthAnoM meM mithyAtva, sAsvAdana aura mizra ye tIna sthAna aura jur3a kara 14 guNasthAnoM kA nirmANa huA hai| unakA spaSTa mantavya hai ki guNasthAna-siddhAnta kI avadhAraNAoM kA vikAsa karma-nirjarA ke prasaMga meM pratipAdita avasthAe~ yA guNazreNiyA~ hI rahI haiN|26 guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke ullekha-anullekha athavA isake bIjoM kI prApti ke AdhAra para DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne kucha granthoM kA paurvAparya siddha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM1. tattvArthasUtra evaM usake bhASya ke racayitA (umAsvAti) eka hI haiN| 2. AcArAGganiyukti sambhavata: tattvArthasUtra ke pahale racI gayI ho| 3. kasAyapAhuDasutta tattvArthasUtra kA samakAlIna hai yA kiJcita paravartI hai| 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA kasAyapAhuDa ke pazcAt evaM AcArya kundakunda kI dvAdazAnuprekSA ke pUrva kI racanA hai| 5. SakhaNDAgama, bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra kI racanA tattvArthasUtra ke bAda huii| tattvArthasatra evaM usakA bhASya tIsarI-cauthI zatI meM nirmita hai to samavAyAGga kA guNasthAna sambandhI vivaraNa evaM SaTkhaNDAgama pA~cavIM zatI ke haiM tathA tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAe~ evaM bhagavatIArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra Adi grantha (jo guNasthAna kA vivaraNa dete haiM) chaThI zatI yA usake pazcAt ke haiN| DaoN0 jaina ne yaha samaya tattvArthasatra ko tIsarI-cauthI I0 kA mAnakara nirdhArita kiyA hai| yadi tattvArthasUtra ko dvitIya-tRtIya zatI kI racanA mAneM to guNasthAna kA ullekha karane vAlI racanAoM ko pAMcavIM zatI yA usake pazcAt kI mAnA jA sakatA hai| guNasthAna-siddhAnta para DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne jo vizleSaNAtmaka evaM zodhaparaka vicAra kiyA hai yaha jaina vicArakoM ke liye cintana kI nayI dizA pradAna karatA hai| DaoN0 jaina kI isa kRti ko par3hane ke pazcAt jo vicAra mere mana meM uThe haiM, ve isa prakAra haiM1. bhagavAn mahAvIra ne artharUpa meM jo upadeza diyA thA aura zabda rUpa meM jo gaNadharoM dvArA gUMthA gayA thA usake vizRGkhalita ho jAne ke kAraNa aneka samasyAe~ utpanna huIM, unameM se eka samasyA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke vibhinna AyAmoM ko nirUpita karane kI bhI rahI hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI jo avasthAe~ prArambhika kAla meM pratipAdita rahI hoMgI, unakA ullekha karane vAle prAcIna granthoM ke anupalabdha hone se yaha samasyA utpanna huii| isake viparIta DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne guNasthAna-siddhAnta kA jo tArkika

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20 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka evaM pramANopeta vizleSaNa kiyA hai vaha isa tathya kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki jainadarzana meM siddhAntoM ke vikAsa kI prakriyA nirantara gatizIla rahI hai| unake isa mata se maiM sahamata bhI hU~, kyoMki aisA hI eka siddhAnta anekAntavAda bhI hai jisake mUla-bIja AgamoM meM evaM tattvArthasUtra meM upalabdha haiM tathApi usakA suvyavasthita rUpa AcArya siddhasena divAkara evaM AcArya samantabhadra ke granthoM meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| phira bhI guNasthAna-siddhAnta ko anekAnta ke dArzanika vikAsa kI bhA~ti nahIM dekhA jA sakatA, kyoMki isake vyavasthApana kA AdhAra prAcIna Agama yA karma-siddhAnta sambandhI sAhitya rahA hai| AcArAGganiyukti meM prApta guNazreNi kI gAthAoM ke sambandha meM aisA DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne svIkAra bhI kiyA hai ki niyukti meM ye gAthAe~ kisI prAcIna karma-siddhAnta sambandhI sAhitya se lI gayI pratIta hotI haiN| DaoN0 sAgaramala jI kA kathana hai ki guNasthAna-siddhAnta pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI meM astitva meM aayaa| unakA yaha kathana guNasthAna zabda ke prayoga evaM unake 14 nAmoM ke ullekha ke sambandha meM satya hai| yahA~ para yaha bAta avazya kahanA cAhU~gA ki 'guNasthAna' zabda kA prayoga jIva kI AdhyAtmika avasthAoM ko prakaTa karane kI dRSTi se pariSkRta yA parimArjita prayoga hai| isake pahale inheM jIvasamAsa (SaTkhaNDAgama evaM sarvArthasiddhi, 1.8, pR0 22) athavA jIvasthAna (samavAyAGgasUtra) kahA gayA hai| jIvasthAna yA jIvasamAsa prAcIna nAma hai tathA 'guNasthAna' nayA nAma hai jisakA prArambhika prayoga kaba huA yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kintu tattvArthasUtra para pUjyapAda devanandI kI TIkA sarvArthasiddhi (lagabhaga chaThI zatI) meM guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga (sarvArthasiddhi 1.8, pR0 22) suparicita-sA pratIta hotA hai| vahA~ devanandI ne jIvasamAsa evaM guNasthAna ko paryAyavAcI mAnA hai| AcArAGgasUtra meM 'je guNe se AvaTTe je AvaTTe se guNe' (1.1.5,sUtra 41) meM prayukta 'guNa' zabda kA prayoga vaiSayika sukhoM ke artha meM huA hai| tattvArthasUtra (5.37) evaM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM 'guNa' zabda 'dravya' ke Avazyaka lakSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| phalata: yaha jIva ke cetanA guNa ke liye bhI prayoga meM Ane lgaa| isa prakAra guNa+sthAna (guNAnAM sthAnam) se niSpanna 'guNasthAna' zabda cetanA kI vibhinna avasthAoM ko citrita karatA hai| 4. tattvArthasUtra meM upalabdha sUkSma samparAya, bAdara samparAya, pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata, dezavirata Adi zabdoM tathA karmanirjarA ke prasaMga meM prApta samyagdRSTi Adi 10 nAmoM se yaha to jJAta hotA hai ki AdhyAtmika avasthAoM ke liye aneka zabda nirdhArita ho cuke the; kintu guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga tattvArthasUtra ke bAda ke kAla meM hI huA hai anyathA guNasthAnoM kA nirUpaNa AcArya umAsvAti avazya krte| unhoMne 3.

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DaoN0 sAMgaramala jaina dvArA guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke vikAsa krama kI gaveSaNA : jo 10 AdhyAtmika avasthAe~ dI haiM ve samyagdarzana prApta hone ke pazcAt kI hI haiM, jinameM kramaza: asaMkhyeya guNI nirjarA hotI hai| ina 10 avasthAoM kA AdhAra karmanirjarA hai, ata: yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki ye sAre hI guNasthAnoM ke nAma hoN| upazamazreNI evaM kSapakazreNI meM pRthak ArohaNa ke siddhAnta kA vikAsa kisa prakAra huA yaha zodha kA viSaya hai| guNasthAna-siddhAnta vartamAna kAla meM karma-siddhAnta se aisA ghula-mila gayA hai ki use pRthak karake dekha pAnA kaThina ho jAtA hai| ina donoM siddhAntoM kI pArasparika nikaTatA kA pratipAdana svayaM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne saptama adhyAya meM kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke vyavasthita rUpa meM astitva meM Ane ke pazcAt karma-grantha evaM paJcasaMgraha granthoM ke mAdhyama se vipula sAhitya kA nirmANa huA, jo samasta karma-siddhAnta ko guNasthAnoM ke AdhAra para vivecita karatA hai| ATha karmoM kI uttara prakRtiyoM kI gaNanA tattvArthasUtra meM upalabdha hai; kintu unake bandha, udaya, udIraNA evaM sattA ke rUpa meM guNasthAnoM ko AdhAra banA kara jo varNana uttarakAlIna karma-sAhitya evaM SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM prApta hotA hai vaha AcAryoM ke dvArA vihita pratIta hotA hai| AcAryoM ne prAcIna mAnyatAoM ko AdhAra banAkara gaNitIya rUpa meM inakA varNana kiyA hogaa| isakA tAtparya hai ki guNasthAna-siddhAnta ke vyavasthita svarUpa ke sthApita hone ke pazcAt hI karma-siddhAnta evaM uttaraprakRtiyoM kA sUkSma-vivecana prArambha huA hogaa| aneka thokar3e bhI Aja usI ke pariNAma haiN| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina dvArA kiye gaye vizleSaNa kA eka pariNAma yaha avazya AyA hai ki unhoMne isa siddhAnta ke ullekha-anullekha ke AdhAra para evaM usake vikAsa-krama ke AdhAra para aneka jaina granthoM kA paurvAparya siddha kara diyA hai| isase digambara evaM zvetAmbara granthoM kI pUrvAparatA bhI spaSTa hotI hai| tattvArthasUtra evaM usake bhASya ke racayitA bhI umAsvAti hI siddha hote haiN| DaoN0 jaina ne atyanta sUkSmatA ke sAtha jaina-granthoM kA paurvAparya nirdhArita kiyA hai, jo mahattvapUrNa hai; kintu jaina aMga-AgamoM meM guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga nahIM milane ke kAraNa kyA yaha mAnA jAve ki sAre aMga-Agama tattvArthasUtra ke pUrva nirmita ho gaye the? dUsarI bAta tattvArthasUtra meM jina 10 avasthAoM kA ullekha hai ve bhI aMga-AgamoM meM prApta nahIM hai| maiM samajhatA hU~ DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina isase sahamata nahIM hoMge ki vartamAna sabhI Agama tattvArthasUtra ke pahale ke hI haiN| ata: guNasthAna zabda ke ullekha-anullekha ke AdhAra mAtra se pUrvAparatA kA nirdhAraNa punaH cintanIya hai| 8. isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne zodhArthiyoM ko eka nayI dizA dI hai| unakI zodhadRSTi nitAnta maulika hai, parantu yahA~ yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA

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22 sandarbha-sUcI guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1996), pR0 97. kammavisohimaggaNaM paDucca cauddasa jIvadvANA paNNattA, taM jahA -micchAdiTThI, sAsAyaNasammadiTThI, sammAmicchadiTThI / 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. : zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka ki darzana ke kSetra meM to tarka kI svIkRti sahajarUpeNa ho jAtI hai; kintu dharma ke kSetra meM zraddhA kA sthAna ucca hai| ataH ye sthApanAe~ vidvAnoM ke lie to upayogI ho sakatI haiM kintu dharma zraddhAluoM ke liye nhiiN| unheM to phira dharma-granthoM para bhI sandeha hone lagegA jo vyAvahArika dRSTi se pUrNataH ucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 8. avirayasammAdiTThI, virayAvirae pamattasaMjae appamattasaMjae niaTTibAyare aniyaTTibAyare suhumasaMparAe - uvasAmae vA khavae vA uvasaMtamohe, khINamohe, sajogI kevalI, ayogI kevalI / samavAyAGga (Agama prakAzana, vyAvara), samavAya 14. micchAddiTThI sAsAyaNe ya taha sammamicchadiTThI ya avirayasammaddiTThI virayAvirae patte ya / / tatto ye appamatto niyaTTi aniyaTTibAre suhume / uvasaMtakhINamohe hoi sajogI ajogI y|| Avazyakaniryukti, niyukti saMgraha, pR0 140. tattha imAtiM coddasa guNadvANANi ajogikevalI nAma selasIpADavannao, so ya tIhi jogehi mukko siddha bhavati / / - AvazyakacUrNi (jinadAsagaNi) uttara bhAga, ratalAma, 1929, pR0 133-136. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (siddhasenagaNikRta bhASyAnusAriNikA samalaMkRta... saM0 hIrAlAla 'rasikalAla kApar3iyA) 9.35 kI TIkA. ********* zrI tattvArthasUtram (TIkA - haribhadra), RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma saM0 1992, pR0 465. SaTkhaNDAgama (satprarUpaNA ) prakA0, jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, solApura, pustaka 1, dvitIya saMskaraNa, san 1973, pR0 154 se 201. mUlAcAra, pR0 273-79 mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA (23) mumbaI I0 san 1930. 9. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, bhAga - 2, (sampA0 kailAzacandra zAstrI), pR0 980. 10. sarvArthasiddhi (bhAratIya jJAnapITha) sUtra 1.8 kI TIkA tathA 9.12 kI TIkA.

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DaoN0 sAMgaramala jaina dvArA guNasthAna - siddhAnta ke vikAsa krama kI gaveSaNA 11. rAjavartika, 9.10-11. 12. tattvArthazlokavArtika (vidyAnanda) sUtra 10.3, 9.36, 9.37, 9.33-44. 13. samyagdRSTizrAvakaviratAnantaviyojakadarzanamohakSapakopazamakopazAntamohakSapakakSINamohajinA: kramazo'saMkhyeguNanirjarAH / tattvArthasUtra, 9.47. 14. tattvArthasUtra, 9.10-12. 15. tattvArthasUtra, 9.35-40. 16. guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa, pR0 11. 17. kasAyapAhuDa sutta, saM0 paM0 hIrAlAla jaina, vIrazAsana saMgha, kalakattA 1955 meM draSTavya sammatta desavirayI saMjama uvasAmaNA ca khavaNA ca / daMsaNa-caritamohe addhAparimANiddeso / / 14 / / sammatte micchate ya missage ceya boddhavvA / / 82 // viradIya aviradIe viradAvirade tahA aNAgAre // 83 // daMsaNamoha - uvasAmagassa pariNAmo keriso bhave // 91 // daMsaNamohakkhavaNApaTThavago kammabhUmijAdo du / / 110 // suhume ca saMparAe bAdararAge ca boddhavvA // 121 // uvasAmaNAkhaeNa du paMDivadido hoi suhumarAgamhi / / 122 // khINesu kasAsu ya sesANaM ke va hoMti vIcArA / / 232 // saMkamaNamoTTaNa kiTTIkhavaNAe khINamohaMte / khavaNAya ANupuvvI boddhavvA mohaNIyassa / / 233 // 18. guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa, pR0 12. 19. sammattapattI sAvae ya virae anNtkmmse| dasaMNamohakkhava uvasAmaMte ya uvasate / / khavara ya khINamohe jiNe a seDhI bhave asaMkhijjA / tavvivarIo kAlo saMkhijjaguNAi seDhIe || AcArAMganiyukti, 22-23. 20. guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizloNa, pR0 23. 21. sammattappA sAvaya virae saMjoyaNAviNAse y| daMsaNamohakkhavage kasAya uvasAmaguvasaMte / / : 23 www

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24 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka khavage ya khINamohe jiNe ya duvihe asNkhgunnseddhii| udayo tavvivarIo kAlo sNkhejjgunnseddhii|| zivazarmasUrikRta karma-prakRti (udayakaraNa) gAthA 394-395. 22. samma dara (desa) savvaviraI aNavisaMjo ya daMsakhavage yA mohasama saMta khavage, khINa sajogiyara gunnseddhii|| - paMcamakarmagrantha, gAthA 82. 23. micchAdo saddiTThI asaMkha-guNa-kamma-NijjarA hodi| tatto aNuvaya-dhArI tatto ya mahavaI nnaannii| paDhama-kasAya-cauNhaM vijojao taha ya khavaya-sIlo yA daMsaNa-moha-tiyasya ya tatto uvsmg-cttaari|| khavago ya khINa-moho sajoi-NAho tahA ajoiiyaa| ede uvAriM uvAriM asNkh-gunn-kmm-nnijjryaa|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA(9/106-108) svAmIkumAra, TIkA zubhacandra, saM0 DaoN0 e0ena0 upAdhye, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, aagaas| 24. guNasthAna siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa, pR0 30. 25. SaTkhaNDAgama, caturthakhaNDa (vedanA) saptama vedanAvidhAna kI cuulikaa| 26. guNasthAna-siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa, pR0 26.

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pArzvanAtha ke siddhAnta : digambara- zvetAmbara - dRSTi pro0 sudarzanalAla jaina* tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke jIvana tathA unake siddhAntoM ke sambandha meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM meM prAcIna ullekha bahuta kama milate haiN| jaina AgamoM evaM purANoM ke anusAra jainadharma ke teIsaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kA janma vArANasI ke rAjA azvasena kI rAnI varmalA (vAmA) devI kI kukSi se huA thaa| inhoMne tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM hI gRhatyAga karake sammeda zikhara para tapasyA kI aura kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| kevalajJAna prApta karake sattara varSa taka zramaNa dharma kA upadeza diyaa| pazcAt I0 pUrva 777 (caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra - nirvANa I0 pUrva 527 se 250 varSa pUrva) meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| inakI aitihAsikatA nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kI jAtI hai| inake vivAha ke sambandha meM zvetAmbaroM kI mAnyatA hai ki inakA vivAha huA jabaki digambaroM kI spaSTa dhAraNA hai ki tIrthaGkara vAsupUjya, mallinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ne kumArAvasthA (avivAhitAvasthA) meM hI dIkSA lI thii| 2 inake kulAdi ke sambandha meM digambara inheM ugravaMzIya (uraga yA nAgavaMzIya) tathA zvetAmbara ikSvAkuvaMzIya svIkAra karate haiM | 3 digambaroM ke tiloyapaNNatti meM tathA zvetAmbaroM ke Avazyakaniyukti meM inheM kAzyapagotrIya kahA gayA hai / 4 AdhAra - grantha- pArzvanAtha kI dArzanika evaM AcAra-sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdaka koI svatantra grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| prAcIna zvetAmbara mAnya Agama-granthoM meM unake jIvana ke sambandha meM tathA unake AcAra evaM dArzanika siddhAntoM ke jo ullekha milate haiM ve alpa hI haiM, tathApi unake AdhAra para paravartI kAla meM vizeSakara I0 san 8vIM zatAbdI ke bAda prAkRta, saMskRta evaM apabhraMza bhASA meM race gaye caritakAvya granthoM meM pArzvanAtha ke sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI dI gayI hai| pArzvanAtha se sambandhita granthoM kA vibhAjana nimna dRSTi se kiyA jA sakatA hai (ka) digambara grantha' - isake antargata mUlAcAra, tiloyapaNNatti evaM bhagavatI - ArAdhanA ye tIna prAcIna pramukha grantha haiN| paravartI guNabhadra-racita uttarapurANa bhI pArzvanAtha-viSayaka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / caritakAvyoM meM nimna gyAraha kAvyoM kA pramukha rUpa se parigaNana kiyA jA sakatA hai prophesara, saMskRta-vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI. *.

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26 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 1. pArthAbhyudayaH (jinasenakRta, I0 783), 2. pArzvanAthacaritam (vAdirAjasUrikRta, I0 1019), 3. pAsanAhacariu (devadattakRta, I0 san 10vIM zatAbdI uttarArddha, anupalabdha), 4. pAsanAhacariu (padmakIrtikRta, I0 1077), 5. pAsanAhacariu (vibudhazrIdharakRta, I0 1132), 6. pAsanAhacariu (devacandrakRta. I0 12vIM zatAbdI), 7. pArzvanAthapurANa (sakalakIrtikRta, I0 14vIM zatAbdI pUrvArddha), 8. pAsanAhacariu (raidhUkRta, I0 1400), 9. pAsanAhacariu (asapAlakRta, I0 1482), 10. pArzvapurANa (vAdicandrakRta, I0 1683) aura 11. pArzvapurANa (candrakIrtikRta, I0 1597-1624) / __ (kha) zvetAmbara granthaH- isake antargata uttarAdhyayanasUtra, sUtrakRtAGga, samavAyAGga, sthAnAGga, bhagavatIsUtra, jJAtAdharmakathA, kalpasUtra, Avazyakaniyukti, rAjapraznIya aura RSibhASita ye dasa prAcIna pramukha grantha haiN| zIlAGka (lagabhaga navIM zatAbdI) ke caupannamahApurisacariyaM tathA hemacandrAcArya ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM bhI pArzvanAtha kA jIvanavRtta milatA hai| caritakAvyoM meM nimna nava kAvyoM kA pramukha rUpa se parigaNana kiyA jA sakatA hai- 1. siripAsanAhacariyaM (devabhadrakRta, I0 1111), 2. pArzvanAthacaritra (mANikacandrasUrikRta, I0 1219), 3. pArzvanAthacaritra (vinayacandrakRta, I0 1229-1288), 4. pArzvanAthacaritra (sarvAnandasUrikRta, I0 1234), 5. pArzvanAthacaritra (bhAvadevasUrikRta, I0 1355), 6. pAsapurANa (tejapAlakRta, I0 1458), 7. pAsanAhakAvya (padmasundaragaNikRta, I0 16vIM zatAbdI), 8. pArthanAthacaritra (hemavijayakRta, I0 1575), tathA 9. pArzvanAthacarita (udayavIragaNikRta, I0 1597) / ubhaya paramparAoM ke prAcIna granthoM meM mAtra sUcanAeM milatI haiN| tiloyapaNNatti tathA Avazyakaniyukti meM apekSAkRta kucha adhika jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| 8vIM zatAbdI ke bAda likhe gaye carita kAvyagranthoM se hI hameM vastuta: vistRta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| paravartI caritakAvyoM ke AdhAragrantha yadyapi prAcIna grantha hI haiM, tathApi unase jo atirikta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai usakA mUlasrota kyA hai, spaSTa nahIM hai| ata: isa Alekha meM kevala prAcIna ullekhoM ko hI AdhAra mAnakara vivecanA kI gayI hai| vivecanA se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki deza, kAla Adi kI paristhitiyoM tathA manuSyoM kI manovRttiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM meM jo yatkiJcit bAhyabheda dRSTigocara hotA hai vaha nagaNya hai, kyoMki unakA mUla kendrabindu eka hI hai| pArzvanAtha ke AcAra evaM siddhAntoM kI tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke sAtha tulanA karane ke pUrva yaha Avazyaka hai ki prAcIna granthoM meM ullikhita sandarbho ko samajha liyA jaaye| isa sandarbha meM ubhaya paramparAoM meM jo sandarbha prApta hote haiM, ve nimna prakAra haiM 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra - isameM pArzva-paramparAnuyAyI kezI muni tathA mahAvIra-paramparAnuyAyI gautama gaNadhara ke madhya eka saMvAda AyA hai jisameM bAhya rUpa se dRzyamAn mUlabhUta do antaroM kA gautama dvArA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai jisase santuSTa hokara kezI muni apane 500 anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita paJcayAma dharma ko svIkAra kara lete haiN| yahA~

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pArzvanAtha ke siddhAnta : digambara-zvetAmbara-dRSTi : 27 gautama gaNadhara batalAte haiM ki samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra kA pAlana karanA hI dharma hai| anya niyamopaniyama isI ke liye haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dezakAla kI paristhitiyoM kA vicAra karake cAturyAmadharma ko paJcayAmadharma meM aura saceladharma ko aceladharma meM parivartita kiyA hai| kAraNa spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki prathama tIrthaGkara AdinAtha ke samaya manuSya Rju-jar3a (sarala parantu mandabuddhi) the, dvitIya tIrthaGkara se teIsaveM tIrthaGkara ke kAla meM RjuprAjJa (sarala evaM buddhimAn) the, parantu caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke kAla meM vakrajar3a (kuTila tathA mandabuddhi) ho gaye, jisase pArzva ke cAturyAma ko paJcayAma meM aura sacela (savastra) ko acela meM saMzodhita karanA pdd'aa| yaha dharma kA mAtra bAhya rUpa thA, kyoMki aparigraha rUpa vItarAgatA meM strI-parigrahatyAga tathA upakaraNa-mohatyAga gatArtha thaa| 2. sUtrakRtAGga- isameM 'udaka peDhAlaputra' nAmaka pArthApatya tathA mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya gautama gaNadhara ke madhya vArtA hotI hai, jisameM peDhAlaputra gautama gaNadhara se prazna karate haiM ki mahAvIra kI paramparA meM zramaNopAsakoM se kaSTakara pratyAkhyAna kyoM karAyA jAtA hai? pratyAkhyAna kA rUpa hai 'rAjAjJAdi ke kAraNa kisI gRhastha yA cora ko bA~dhane-chor3ane ke atirikta maiM kisI trasa jIva kI hiMsA nahIM kruuNgaa|' yahA~ peDhAlaputra ko zaGkA hai ki trasa jIva kI hiMsA ke tyAga kA tAtparya kyA hai? trasa paryAyavAle jIvoM kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna athavA trasa rUpa bhUta-bhAvi-paryAyavAle sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA kA prtyaakhyaan| gautama gaNadhara yahA~ samAdhAna karate haiM ki vartamAna trasa paryAyavAle prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna hI yahA~ abhISTa hai| isa taraha tIrthaGkara pArzva ke sAtha tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kA koI saiddhAntika matabheda nahIM hai| isake atirikta isameM mahAvIra ke dharma ko paJcamahAvrata tathA sapratikramaNa dharma kahA hai| ___ 3. bhagavatIsUtra'- isameM tIna prasaGga haiM (ka) pApitya gAMgeya anagAra aura tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke madhya praznottara hotA hai, jahA~ mahAvIra pArzva kI taraha 'sat' ko utpatti-vinAzavAlA bhI siddha karate haiN| zubhAzubha karmAnusAra cAroM gatiyoM meM jIva kA paribhramaNa batalAte haiN| isameM koI preraka Izvara tattva nahIM hai| gAMgeya mahAvIra ke samAdhAna se santuSTa ho jAtA hai| __ (kha) pApitya kAlAzyavaizika-putra kI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kucha sthavira zramaNoM se mukhyarUpa se sAmAyika, pratyAkhyAna, saMyama, saMvara, viveka aura vyutsarga ke svarUpa para carcA hotI hai| pazcAt pArthApatya kAlAzyavaizikaputra ne mahAvIra ke saMgha meM praviSTa hokara pA~ca mahAvrata aura sapratikramaNa rUpa dharma ko svIkAra kiyaa| isake sAtha hI usane municaryA-sambandhI nimna bAtoM ko bhI svIkAra kiyA- nagnatA, muNDitatA, asnAna, adantadhAvana, chAtA nahIM rakhanA, jUte nahIM pahananA, bhUmizayana karanA, phalaka yA kASThazayana karanA, kezaloca karanA, brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA, bhikSA, paragRhapraveza karanA (bhikSArtha zrAvakoM ke ghara jAnA, nimantraNa svIkAra na krnaa)| labdha-alabdha, U~ca-nIca, grAmakaNTaka (indriya-bhogoM kI vAsanA) Adi bAIsa pariSahoM ko sahana krnaa|11 chedasUtroM meM muni-AcAra ke prasaGga meM chAtA, jUte, kSuramuNDana

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28 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka ke ullekhoM ko dekhakara DaoN0 sAgaramala jI ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki pArzva kI paramparA meM ye saba bAteM pracalita thIM, jinheM mahAvIra ne dUra kiyA thaa|12 (ga) saMyama aura tapa ke phala ke sambandha meM mahAvIra ke zramaNa prazna karate haiM aura pArthApatya saMyama kA phala anAsrava tathA tapa kA phala nirjarA batalAte haiN| yahIM para eka anya prazna ke uttara meM pArthApatya vibhinna matavAdoM ke dvArA uttara dete haiN| jaise- prazna-jIva devaloka meM kisa kAraNa se utpanna hote haiM? uttara--- kAlIyayugAnusAra prAthamika tapa se, mohila sthavira ke anusAra prAthamika saMyama se, AnandarakSita ke anusAra kArmikatA se (sarAga saMyama aura tapa se) tathA kAzyapa sthavira ke anusAra sAMgikatA (Asakti) se devaloka meM jIva utpanna hote haiN| vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatI) meM mahAvIra ke dharma ko sapratikramaNa vAlA dharma kahA gayA hai| 13 4. Avazyakaniyukti 14..-- isameM mahAvIra ke dharma ko sapratikramaNavAlA tathA chedopasthApanA cAritravAlA batalAyA gayA hai| 5. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya'5- isameM dasa prakAra ke kalpoM kI carcA karate hae kahA hai ki mahAvIra ne dasa kalpoM kI vyavasthA dI thii| dasa kalpa haiM- 1. acelatA, 2. ucchiSTatyAga, 3. zayyAtara (AvAsa dAtA), 4. piNDatyAga, 5. kRtikarma, 6. mahAvrata (caturyAma yA paJcayAma), 7. puruSajyeSThatA, 8. pratikramaNa, 9. mAsakalpa aura 10. varSAvAsa (pryussnnaa)| inameM se cAra (3, 5, 6, 7) kalpa avasthita haiM aura zeSa cha: anavasthita (arthAt sabhI tIrthaGkaroM ke kAla meM nahIM hote haiN)| pArzva ke samaya cAra kalpoM kI vyavasthA thI, jabaki mahAvIra ke samaya sabhI 10 kalpoM kI anivAryatA kI gyii| isake atirikta prathama aura antima tIrthaGkaroM ke dharma ko aceladharma (tIrthaGkara asaMtacela tathA anya saMtAcela) tathA madhyavartI tIrthaGkaroM ke dharma ko acela athavA sacela donoM kahA hai|16 6. rAjapraznIya'7- isameM pArthApatyIya kezImuni dvArA zvetAmbikA ke rAjA pradezI ko upadeza dene kA ullekha hai| 7. RSibhASita18- DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina kA kathana hai ki RSibhASita meM pArzva ke upadezoM ke prAcInatama sandarbha milate haiN|19 isa grantha meM pArzva ke jina upadezoM kA ullekha hai, ve haiM- cAturyAma, acittabhojana, mokSa, loka, jIva-pudgala kI gati, karma, karma-phala-vipAka tathA karmaphalavipAka se prApta vividha gatiyoM meM sNkrmnn| jIva svabhAvata: UrdhvagAmI aura pudgala adhogAmI haiN| jIva karmapradhAna haiM aura pudgala prinnaamprdhaan| jIva meM gati karmaphalavipAka ke kAraNa hotI hai aura pudgala meM gati pariNAmavipAka (svAbhAvika parivartana) ke kaarnn| jIva sukha-duHkha rUpa vedanA kA anubhava karatA hai| prANAtipAta-viramaNa, kaSAyaviramaNa tathA mithyAdarzana rUpa zalya-viramaNa se hI jIva ko zAzvata sukha (mokSa) prApta ho sakatA hai| mukta hone ke bAda puna: saMsAra meM paribhramaNa nahIM hotA hai|

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pArzvanAtha ke siddhAnta : digambara- zvetAmbara - dRSTi : 29 isI grantha meM pAThabheda (gativyAkaraNa) ke anusAra nimna dharmoM kA ullekha milatA haicAturyAma dharma, ATha prakAra kA karma, karmavipAka se narakAdi gatiyoM meM gamana, prANAtipAta se parigrahaparyanta pApakarmoM kI gaNanA, pApakarmoM vAlA vyakti kabhI bhI na to duHkhoM se mukta ho sakatA hai aura na mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai, karmadvAra ko rokane se tathA cAturyAma dharma kA pAlana karane se zAzvata sukha prApta hotA hai, jIva svakRta karmaphaloM kA bhoktA hai, parakRta karmaphaloM kA bhoktA nahIM hai, jIva UrdhvagAmI aura pudgala adhogAmI svabhAva vAlA hai, pApakarmoM se yukta jIva apane pariNAmoM (manobhAvoM) se gati karatA hai aura vaha pudgala kI gati meM bhI kAraNa hotA hai| jIva aura pudgala donoM hI gatizIla haiN| gati do prakAra kI hai-- prayogagati (para- prerita) aura visrasAgati (svt:)| isa taraha RSibhASita meM bhagavAn pArzva ke jina siddhAntoM ko batalAyA gayA haiM, unameM se cAturyAma ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI siddhAnta mahAvIra ke dharma meM bhI mAnya haiN| 8. mUlAcAra 20 - digambarAcArya vaTTakerakRta mUlAcAra meM AyA hai ki mahAvIra ke pUrva ke tIrthaGkaroM ne sAmayika saMyama kA upadeza diyA thA tathA aparAdha hone para hI pratikramaNa ko Avazyaka batalAyA thA; parantu mahAvIra ne sAmAyika saMyama (dharma) ke sAtha chedopasthApanA saMyama kI vyavasthA dI aura pratidina ( aparAdha ho cAhe na ho) pratikramaNa karane kA vidhAna kiyaa| isa saMzodhana kA kAraNa mUlAcAra meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI taraha hI batalAyA gayA hai ki prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ke kAla ke manuSya durvizodhya the arthAt sarala tathA jar3a hone ke kAraNa ye bAra-bAra samajhAne para bhI ThIka taraha se nahIM samajha pAte the / dvitIya se lekara teIsaveM tIrthaGkara ke kAla ke manuSya suvizodhya (dRr3habuddhi prekSApUrvacArI ) the arthAt sarala aura prajJAvAle the jisase unheM samajhAnA kaThina nahIM thA, parantu mahAvIra ke kAla ke manuSya duranupAlya the arthAt jar3a the tathA vakrabuddhi vAle the jisase unheM samajhAnA kaThina thaa| isa taraha yahA~ tIrthaGkarakAlIna manuSyoM ke svabhAva kA to citraNa hai, parantu cAturyAma paJcayAma kA tathA sacala-acala dharma kI carcA nahIM hai / 9. tiloyapaNNatti 21-- isake caturtha mahAdhikAra meM pArzva ke jIvanavRtta - sambandhI sUcanAe~ milatI haiN| yahA~ pArzvanAtha ko uragavaMzI (nAgavaMzI) tathA kumArakAla (avivAhitAvasthA) meM dIkSA lene vAlA batalAyA hai| 10. tattvArthavArtika 22. digambarAcArya akalaGkadeva ne apane tattvArthavArtika meM nirdeza Adi kA vidhAna karate hue cAritra ke cAra bheda bhI batalAe haiM- 'yamoM ke bheda se cAritra ke cAra bheda haiN'| SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI 'paJcajama' kA prayoga isI artha meM AyA hai| 23 samIkSA isa taraha ubhaya jaina - paramparAoM meM pArzva athavA pArzvApatyoM ke sambandha meM jo ullekha milate haiM unameM nimna bindu vicAraNIya haiM

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30 06 zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka (1) pArzva ke cAturyAma dharma kA paJcayAma dharma meM parivartana / (2) pArzva ke saceladharma kA aceladharma meM parivartana / (3) pratikramaNa kI anivAryatA jo pArzva ke samaya meM aparAdha hone para hI karaNIya thI / (4) pArzva ke sAmAyika cAritra meM chedopasthApanIya cAritra kA samAvesa / za (5) auddezika tathA rAjapiNDa bhikSAnna ke grahaNa kA niSedha / (6) mAsakalpa (eka mAsa se adhika eka sthAna para na ThaharanA) tathA paryuSaNA (ASAr3ha pUrNimA se kArtika pUrNimA taka varSAvAsa meM eka sthAna para cAra mAsa taka rahane kA vidhAna) kI vyavasthA / (7) asnAna, adantadhAvana, kezaloMca Adi kA vidhAna / (8) pArzva ke vivAha evaM kula-sambandhI matabheda / (9) pArzvApatya aura pAsattha zabda kyA pArzvanAtha ke lie hI prayukta haiM ? (10) prathama tIrthaGkara se lekara caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara ke kAla kI paristhitiyoM ke anusAra dhArmika niyamoM meM saMzodhana | kucha vyAkhyAgata matabheda hote hue bhI ina vicAraNIya binduoM meM prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha, paJcama, SaSTha aura dazama meM donoM paramparAe~ ekamata haiN| sacela aura acela kI vyAkhyA ko lekara ubhaya-paramparAoM meM matabheda hai| paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI ne apane grantha 'jainasAhitya kA itihAsa ( pUrvapIThikA)' meM isa viSaya para vistAra se cintana kiyA hai / 24 vastutaH 'acela' kA artha 'nagnatva' hai isameM zvetAmbaroM kA bhI matabheda nahIM hai, kyoMki jinakalpa kI dRSTi se nagnatva unheM svIkArya hai| jainAcAra ke anusAra jaba koI muni dIkSA lekara sAdhu (nirgrantha) banatA hai to vaha samasta pApa-kAryoM kA parityAga karatA hai jise sAmAyika cAritra yA sAmAyika yama svIkAra karanA kahate haiN| isa eka yama rUpa vrata ko jaba bheda karake cAra yA pA~ca yama rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to use ' cAturyAma' yA 'paJcayAma' kahA jAtA hai| chedopasthApanA ko jor3akara mahAvIra ne ise 'paJcayAma' rUpa banAyA; aisI digambara mAnyatA saMbhAvita hai / yaha tarkasaMgata nahIM lagatA hai| ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM meM brahmacarya ko jor3akara use paJcayAmarUpa banAyA, aisI zvetAmbara mAnyatA hai| vastutaH donoM meM siddhAntataH koI bheda nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM paramparAe~ ahiMsAdi pAMca mahAvratoM (yamoM) aura sAmAyika Adi pA~coM AcAroM (yamoM) ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| saMbhavata: chedopasthApanA cAritra ko jor3ane ke kAraNa hI pratidina pratikramaNa kA vidhAna mAnya huA hogaa| sthAnAGgasUtra meM batalAyA hai ki ziSyoM kI apekSA se madhya ke bAIsa tIrthaGkara tathA videhastha tIrthaGkara 'cAturyAma' dharma kA tathA prathama aura antima tIrthaGkara 'paJcayAma' dharma kA upadeza karate

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31 pArzvanAtha ke siddhAnta : digambara zvetAmbara - dRSTi : ! the| vAstava meM to sabhI paJcayAma dharma kA hI upadeza karate haiN| ' 25 yahA~ paJcayAma kA tAtparya pAMca mahAvratoM se hai, parantu isase tathA anya ubhaya paramparAgata vivecanoM se spaSTa hai ki pArzva aura mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM paramArthataH matabheda nahIM hai; ziSya-buddhi kI apekSA saMkSipta athavA vistRta kathanamAtra hai| isIlie AcArAGga meM sAdhu ko sacetana athavA acetana, sUkSma yA sthUla alpamAtra bhI parigraha na rakhane kA vidhAna hai anyathA vaha parigrahI kahalAyegA | 26 isa taraha ubhaya-paramparAoM ke granthoM ke Alocana se spaSTa hai ki pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM meM AdhyAtmika yA nizcaya dRSTi se koI bheda nahIM thA; kintu ziSya yogyatA ke AdhAra se upadeza meM bheda hai, parantu pUrNa aparigrahI ( vItarAgatA ) honA donoM kA lakSya hai| jitane bhI pArzvApatyoM athavA pAsatthoM ke ullekha haiM ve sabhI pArzva- paramparA ke samyak anuyAyI the, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| anyathA hama pArzvanAtha ke siddhAntoM ko sahI nahIM samajha skeNge| sandarbha-sUcI 1. hayaseNavammilAhiM jAdo hi vANArasIe pAsajiNo / tiloyapaNNatti, 4.548. mAtA-pitA ke nAmAdi ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara - digambara- paramparA meM kucha antara milatA hai| dekheM- samavAyAGgasUtra, 220 - 221; kalpasUtra 149; Avazyakaniyukti 388; uttarapurANa 43; pAsaNAhacariu ( vAdirAjakRta) 9.95.5. 2. NemI mallI vIro kumArakAlammi vAsupujjo ya pAso vi gahidatavA sesajiNA rajjacaramammi / / tiloyapaNNatti, 4.670. vIraM ariTThanema, pAsa malliM ca vAsupujjaM ca / ee mutUNa jiNe avasesA Asi rAyANo / rAyakulesu'vi jAyA visuddhavasesu khattiakulesu ityabhise kumAravAsami pavvaiA // / Avazyakaniryukti, 221-222. anyatra dekheMpaumacariyaM 22; padmapurANa, 20.67; harivaMza 60.214. 3. NAhoggavaMsesu vi vIrapAsA / tiloyapaNNatti, 4.550. ikvaMsa saMbhUyabhUva bhAla tilaya bhUo AsaseNo nAma naravaI / siripAsanAhacariyaM / pra0 3, pR0 134; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 9.3, pR0 34. vArANasyAmabhUt vizvasenaH kAzyapagotrajaH / uttarapurANa, 73-75. 4. ---- muNisuvvao a arihA ariTThanemI a goymsguttaa| sesA titthayarA khalu kAsavaguttA muNeyavvA / Avazyakaniryukti, 381. tiloyapaNNatti (caturtha mahAdhikAra ) 4.550, 548; bhagavatI ArAdhanA

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32 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 1944 TIkA; mUlAcAra 7.36-38, 129-133; uttarapurANa, 73-75,92. 6. uttarAdhyayana 23vAM adhyayana, kalpasUtra 148-156; RSibhASita adhyayana 31; sUtrakRtAGga 2.7.81; 1.6.28; samavAyAGga 9.4, 8.8, 16.4, 38.1, 100.4, sthAnAGgasUtra 35, bhagavatIsUtra 10.9, 2.5; jJAtAdharmakathA, Avazyakaniyukti 236, 1241-1243; rAjapraznIyasUtra, 167-190. 7. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 23 sUtrakRtAGga, sUtra 2.7.71-81. sUtrakRtAGga, sUtra 2.7.81 10. bhagavatIsUtra, 9.32.379, 10.9.76. 11. bhagavatIsUtra, 1.9.432-433. 12. dekheM, arhat pArzva aura unakI paramparA, pR0 36. 13. bhagavatIsUtra, 1.9.23. 14. Avazyakaniyukti, 1241-1243. 15. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya, uddeza 6, bhASyagAthA 6359-6364. 16. vahI, bhASyagAthA 6365-6369. 17. rAjapraznIyasUtra, 167-190. 18. RSibhASita, adhyayana 31. 19. dekheM, arhat pArzva aura unakI paramparA, pR0 22. 20. mUlAcAra, 7.36-38, 129-133. 21. tiloyapaNNatti (caturtha mahAdhikAra), 4.448-550. 22. caturdhA cturymbhedaat| tattvArthavArtika, 1.7 23. saMgahiya sayala-saMjamameya -jamamaNuttaraM durvgmm| jIvo samuvvahaMto sAmAiya-saMjamo hoii| chettUNa ya pariyAyaM porANaM jo Thavei appaannN| paMcajame dhamme so chedovaTThAvao jiivo|| SaTkhaNDAgama, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pR0 372. 24. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrvapIThikA, pR0 395-399; 409-425. 25. sthAnAGgasUtra, 266. 26. AcArAGgasUtra, 150-152.

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hindI kAvya paramparA meM apabhraMza mahAkAvyoM kA mahattva sAdhvI DaoN0 madhubAlA* hindI-sAhitya ke bhinna-bhinna kAloM para apabhraMza-sAhitya kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| prabhAva se hamArA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki hindI-sAhitya meM aneka pravRttiyA~ ekadama nayI thI yA ye pravRttiyA~ sIdhe apabhraMza-sAhitya meM AvirbhUta huIM aura ve usI rUpa meM hindI-sAhitya meM praviSTa ho gyiiN| prabhAva se hamArA yahI abhiprAya hai ki bhAratIya-sAhitya kI eka avicchinna dhArA cirakAla se bharata khaNDa meM pravAhita hotI calI A rahI hai| vahI dhArA apabhraMza-sAhitya se hotI huI hindI-sAhitya meM prasphuTita huii| samaya-samaya para isa dhArA kA bAhya rUpa parivartita hotI rahA; kintu mUlarUpa meM parivartana kI sambhAvanA nhiiN| - apabhraMza kathAkAvya tathA hindI ke premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM kI kathAvastu kI tulanA karane para spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki donoM prakAra ke kAvyoM kI kathAvastu meM bahuta kucha sAmya hai| kevala donoM ke uddezya vizeSa meM antara haiN| ataeva kathA ke varNana tathA ghaTanAoM ke mor3a aura caritra-citraNa meM bheda lakSita hotA hai; kintu kathA prakAra meM, prabandha-racanA meM tathA zailI meM hindI ke premAkhyAnaka evaM sUphI kAvyoM para apabhraMza ke kathA-kAvyoM kA prabhAva dikhAyI par3atA haiN| isa prakAra kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM aura kAvya-rUr3hiyoM meM adbhuta sAmya hai| isI prakAra kAmAvasthAoM, strI-bheda, nakha-zikha-varNana Adi sabhI rItikAlika pravRttiyoM kA donoM meM samAveza milatA hai| ___ yadyapi hindI ke sUphI kAvyoM meM sajjana-durjana varNana, Atma-vinaya-pradarzana tathA kAvya kI preraNA Adi kAvya-rUr3hiyoM kA pAlana nahIM huA; kintu maMgalAcaraNa, Atma-paricaya tathA kathA-racanA kA uddezya evaM guru-paramparA kA nirdeza premAkhyAnoM meM milatA hai| isI prakAra apabhraMza-kathAkAvya kI bhA~ti premAkhyAnaka-kAvyoM meM kahIM-kahIM kathA kI prAcInatA kA ullekha dekhA jAtA hai| yahI nahIM kaI kathAe~ sAmpradAyika mata evaM vAdoM se rahita zuddha premakathAe~ kahI jA sakatI haiM, jinameM prema ke alaukika rUpa kA varNana na hokara lokapracalita yathArtha prema kI abhivyakti huI hai| vastuta: Arambhika sUphI kavi udAra tathA lokayugIna pravRttiyoM se prabhAvita the; kintu paravartIkAla meM bhAratIya jIvana kI lokakathAoM ko apanA kara sUphI *. jaina divAkara sAmAyika sAdhanA bhavana, indaura, madhya prdesh|

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34 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka kaviyoM ne apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra karanA cAhA thA, parantu jina kavi ke adhikAMza grantha sUphI vicAra paddhati tathA premotkarSa-rahita premAkhyAnaka kAvya haiN| itanA hI nahIM kavi jAnakI ina racanAoM meM masanavI kI paramparA kA pAlana bhI nahIM huA hai|3 yathArtha meM bhAratIya sAhitya meM adhikatara prema kathAe~ apane-apane mata kA pracAra karane ke liye vibhinna santa kaviyoM ke dvArA likhI jAtI rahI haiM, kyoMki manoraMjana tathA prabhAva kI dRSTi se ina kathAkAvyoM kA atyanta mahattva hai aura isIlie ina kathAoM meM sAmAjika abhiprAya tathA sAmAnya vizvAsa bhalI-bhA~ti nihita haiN| DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne jina kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM se apabhraMza tathA hindI ke premAkhyAnaka evaM kathA kAvyoM meM nimnalikhita rUr3hiyoM kA samAveza milatA hai| (1) citra yA putalI meM kisI sundarI ko dekhakara usa para mohita ho jAnA, (2) rUpa parivartana, (3) nAyaka kA audArya, (4) ujAr3a nagarI, (5) vijanavala meM sundarI se sAkSAtkAra, (6) zatru se yuddha kara yA matta hAthI ko vaza meM karane para sundarI se prema yA vivAha, (7) jala kI khoja meM jAne para priyA-viyoga aura RSi, vidyAdhara yA asura kA varNana, ityaadi| - isI prakAra vivAha ke pUrva nAyikA-prApti kA prayatna tathA laukika aura daivI bAdhAoM: kI yojanA apabhraMza aura hindI ke lagabhaga sabhI prabandha-kAvyoM meM milatI hai|5 siMhala dvIpa kI yAtrA kA varNana bhI apabhraMza ke sabhI kathAkAvyoM meM tathA hindI ke lagabhaga sabhI premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM meM huA hai aura samudra meM jahAja ke bhagna hone tathA nAyaka-nAyikA ke bichur3ane kI ghaTanA bhI samAna rUpa se varNita milatI hai| prAya: sUphI prabandha kAvyoM kI kathA kA anta saMyogamUlaka dukhAnta hotA hai; kintu kavi maMjhana, jAna, usamAna, nUra muhammada, khvAjA ahamada aura zekha rahIma kI adhikatara racanAe~ sukhAnta haiN|6 apabhraMza ke kathAkAvyoM meM bhI viraha kI tIvratA ke pazcAt saMyoga tathA laukika sukha kA varNana milatA hai| isalie viyoga sabhI kathAkAvyoM meM anivArya rUpa se varNita haiN| premAkhyAnaka kathAkAvyoM meM to prema evaM viyoga hI mukhya haiN| isa prakAra apabhraMza tathA hindI ke premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM meM kaI bAteM samAna rUpa se varNita lakSita hotI haiM, jinameM se kucha nimnalikhita haiM(1) dhanapAla kI bhaviSyadattakathA aura jAyasI ke padmAvata kA pUrvArddha bhAga lokakathA hai aura uttarArddha aitihAsika jAna par3atA hai| donoM hI prabandhakAvya do khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| viSaya bhI lagabhaga donoM meM samAna hai- abhiprAya kI dRSTi se mUlarUpa meN| viraha-varNana, nakha-zikha-varNana, Rtu-varNana aura kAmadazAoM Adi ke varNana rItikAlIna pravRttiyoM kA udaya spaSTa rUpa se dekhA jAtA hai| (3) sAhasika kAryoM tathA atimAnavIya bAtoM kA samAveza donoM meM milatA hai| ...

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hindI kAvya paramparA meM apabhraMza mahAkAvyoM kA mahattva : 35 (4) sAhityika rUr3hiyoM kA bhI kisI-kisI ne pAlana kiyA hai| (5) prabandha-saMghaTanA meM bhI kahIM-kahIM sAmya hai| (6) lagabhaga sabhI sUphI evaM premAkhyAnaka kAvya caupAI dohAyukta zailI meM likhe gaye haiM, jo apabhraMza kI kaDavaka zailI kA paravartI rUpa hai| (7) dezaja zabdoM, lokoktiyoM, muhAvaroM Adi kA pracura prayoga donoM meM milatA hai| lokajIvana kI aneka bAtoM meM samAnatA hone se donoM meM bahuta kama antara dikhAyI par3atA hai| sUphI kAvya racayitAoM ne adhikAMza dohA-caupAI ke krama se kAvya-racanA kI hai tathA caupAiyoM ke krama meM vizeSa kara pA~ca caupAiyoM se lekara sAta yA nau taka ke antara meM dohA rakhA hai| maMjhanakRta madhumAlatI, jAnakavi viracita ratanamaMjarI aura nUramuhammadakRta indravatI meM pA~ca ardhAliyoM ke bAda eka dohe kA krama milatA hai| isI prakAra usamAna racita citrAvalI meM, kAsimazAhakRta haMsajavAhira meM tathA kavi nasIrakRta premadarpaNa meM sAta ardhAliyoM ke anantara eka dohe kA krama dRSTigocara hotA hai aura husenaalI racita puhumavatI meM tathA kavi zekha nisArakRta yUsuphajulekhA meM nau ardhAliyoM ke pazcAt eka dohe ke krama se racanA huI hai; kintu jAnakavikRta kAmalatA meM caupAI chanda hI milatA hai| apabhraMza ke kathAkAvyoM meM . sAmAnyata: cAra paddhar3iyA chanda se lekara pandraha, solaha tathA kisI meM bIsa chanda aura dvipadI yA tatsama kisI anya chanda-yojanA kA krama dekhA jAtA hai; kintu adhikatara pA~ca yA chaha paddhar3iyA chanda ke bAda dvipadI kA krama prApta hotA hai ataeva racanA-bandha kI yaha zailI nizcita hI apabhraMza se paramparA ke rUpa meM hindI-prabandhakAvyoM ko prApta huI jisakA paravartI rUpa hameM jAyasI ke padmAvata aura rAmacaritamAnasa meM lakSita hotA hai| isI prakAra caupAI bandha kI svatantra zailI apabhraMza se hI hindI ko milI hai| kavi ralhakRta jinadattacaupaI lagabhaga chaha sau caupAiyoM meM nibaddha racanA hai| sampUrNa racanA caupAiyoM meM likhI huI milatI hai, jo apabhraMza ke kathAkAvya ke antargata parigaNita hai| zailI kI bhA~ti sUphI evaM premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM para apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvyoM meM varNita chandoM kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| spaSTa hI satyavatIkathA, mRgAvatI, nurUka candA, mainAsatta, chitAIcarita, madhumAlatI Adi prabandhakAvya caupAI aura dohA meM likhe gaye haiN| isI prakAra madhumAlatI, citrAvalI, puhupavariSA, ratanamaMjarI, kaeNvalAvatI, lailA-majanU, kalAvatI, haMsajavAhira, indrAvatI, anurAga, bA~surI, puhupAvatI, yusuphajulekhA, bhASApremarasa tathA premadarpaNa Adi meM caupAI-dohA kI yojanA milatI hai| padmAvata aura rAmacaritamAnasa to sarvavidita hI hai| vastuta: apabhraMza ke kathAkAvyoM meM paddhar3iyA chanda ke sAtha dvipadI yA usake AkAra kA athavA anya koI chanda prayukta ho sakatA thA; kintu sAdhAraNatayA dvipadI dohA yA dhAttA chanda kA prayoga milatA hai ataeva anurAga bA~surI meM bhI caupAiyoM ke sAtha baravai

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36 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki apabhraMza ke kar3avaka meM, jisa prakAra paddhar3iyA ke anta meM dvipadI yA dohA kA pracalana rahA hai usI prakAra sUphI yA premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM meM bhI caupAI ke anta meM dohA yA usakI jAti ke chanda kA calana rahA hai| vastuta: caupAI aura dohA apabhraMza ke mAtrika chanda haiN| apabhraMza ke mUla chanda mAtrika hI haiN| hindI ke caupAI, chappaya, dohA, rolA, durmila, soraThA, gIti, kuNDaliyA, ullAlA, paddhar3I yA paddhari Adi chanda nizcita rUpa se prAkRta ke haiN|10 ataeva rahIma kA baravai, gaMga kA chappaya, tulasIdAsa kI caupAI, bihArI kA dohA tathA senApati kA kavitta evaM savaiyA prabhRti hindI ke pramukha chanda prAkRta-apabhraMza-dhArA meM se hokara hindI-sAhitya meM samA gaye haiN|11 paravartI kAla meM bhArata kI anya bhASAoM meM bhI inameM se kaI chandoM kA prayoga hone lagA thaa| dohA, chanda apabhraMza meM atyanta prAcInakAla se prayukta rahA hai| dohA kA sabase pahalA prayoga hameM vikramIvaMzIya meM milatA hai| jisa prakAra abhaMga, diNDI, sAkI aura ovI Adi marAThI ke nijI chanda hai12 usI prakAra dohA, caupAI, gItA, harigItA Adi apabhraMza ke aurasa chanda haiN| baravai chanda meM prathama aura tRtIya caraNa meM 12-12 tathA dvitIya aura caturtha meM sAta-sAta mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| apabhraMza meM isase milatA-julatA chanda bhramarAvali hai| isameM bhI prathama caraNa meM bAraha aura dvitIya meM sAta mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| 13 yathA oraNajhaNaMta bhamai, bhmraavli| mayaNadhaNuha guNavalli, NAM saamli|| hindI kA harigItikA chanda to jyoM kA tyoM prAkRtapaiMgalam meM harigItA nAma se milatA hai|14 donoM meM hI aTThAisa mAtrAe~ tathA anta meM guru rahatA hai| isI prakAra soraThA bhI 11 aura 13 mAtrAoM se racita donoM meM samAna rUpa se milatA hai|15 isa chanda viSayaka samAnatA ko dekhakara yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki apabhraMza-sAhitya meM prayukta chandoM kA hI hindI-sAhitya meM jyoM kA tyoM athavA kucha hera-phera ke sAtha prayoga huA hai, jo svAbhAvika hI hai, kyoMki paramparA se vikasita koI bhI bhASA yA sAhitya ekAeka apane dharAtala para adhika samaya taka sthira rahane ke liye sAhityika Adarza evaM mAnakarUpoM kA Alambana lekara hI samartha ho pAtA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki prAkRta aura apabhraMza kA sAhitya bhI hameM svAbhAvika bolacAla kI bhASAoM meM likhA huA nahIM miltaa| isa prakAra prabandha-zailI tathA racanA kI dRSTi se apabhraMza ke kathAkAvyoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai, jo loga sUphI kAvyoM ko masanavI zailI meM likhA huA kahate haiM, ve yaha bhUla jAte hai ki prabandha-saMghaTanA meM maMgalAcaraNa, Atma-vinaya-pradarzana, svavaMza-kIrtana, prAcIna kaviyoM tathA AcAryoM kA ullekha Adi prabandha-kAvyoM kI rUr3hiyoM kA tathA nakha-zikha, strI-bheda, iti dvArA prema-nivedana, upavana-vihAra, jalakrIr3A, siMhaladvIpa kI yAtrA tathA

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hindI kAvya paramparA meM apabhraMza mahAkAvyoM kA mahattva : 37 kAmAvasthAoM kA varNana evaM viyoga meM kauA ur3Akara sandeza bhejanA, Adi bAtoM kA pAlana apabhraMza prabandha kAvyoM kI paddhati para huA hai aura phira spaSTa rUpa se caupAI-dohA, tathA gItazailI kA svatantra prayoga apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM meM milatA hai| hindI kA caupAI, chanda aura apabhraMza kA paddhar3iyA bahutakara eka hI chanda hai| donoM meM solaha-solaha mAtrAe~ hotI haiM tathA do paMktiyA~ cAra caraNoM kI hotI haiN| AcArya svayambhU ke pahale se bhI yaha chanda pracalita rahA hai| ataeva yaha kar3avaka zailI apabhraMza ke kAvyoM kI vizeSa pravRtti hai| paM0 vizvanAtha ke kathana se bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai|16 bhAratIya sAhitya meM yaha paddhati apabhraMza.kAvyoM meM hI prayukta dekhI jAtI hai| paravartI vikAsa meM padyabaddha hindI kAvyoM meM jaina kaviyoM dvArA likhita racanAe~ isI paramparA kA pAlana karatI huI lakSita hotI haiN| unameM antara itanA hI hai ki kar3avaka zailI meM jahA~ paddhar3iyA ke anta meM koI bhI chanda jur3a sakatA thA, vahA~ apabhraMza kathAkAvyoM kI uttarakAlIna pravRtti kI bhA~ti dvipadI yA usakI jAti ke kisI chanda kA prayoga kiyA jAne lagA thaa| baravai kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| isa prakAra apabhraMza-kathAkAvya-dhArA meM vikasita zailIgata prayoga tathA chandobaddha kar3avaka-racanA sUphI kAvya tathA premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM meM hI nahIM, tulasIdAsa ke rAmacaritamAnasa meM bhI dikhAyI par3atI hai| isa rUpa meM tathA prabandhagata anya bAtoM meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se jAne-anajAne hindI kI sAhityika-paramparA kA vikAsa huA hai|17 sandarbha-sUcI 1. pro0 harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza-sAhitya, pR0 387 se 400. 2. DaoN0 saralA zuklA, jAyasI ke paravartI hindI-sUphI kavi aura kAvya, pR0 277. 3. vahI. 4. DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, pR0 80-81 5. DaoN0 saralA zuklA, pUrvokta, pR0 171. 6. vahI, pR0 209. ravIndra bhramara, "padmAvata kI kathA kA lokarUpa', AlocanA, varSa 4, aMka 4, pR0 38-44. 8. DaoN0 zambhUnAtha siMha, hindI mahAkAvya kA svarUpa-vikAsa, pR0 409. 9. DaoN0 saralA zukla, pUrvokta, pR0 492. 10. DaoN0 devendra kumAra jaina, 'prAkRta chandakoza', hindustAnI, bhAga 22, aMka 3-4, pR0 44.

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zramaNa / janavarI-u - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 38 : 19. vahI, pR0 45. 12. vizvanAtha kAzInAtha rAjavAr3e, marAThI chanda, pR0 34. 13. same sapta oje dvAdaza bhramarAvali / chando'nuzAsana, 6.20.5. 14. gaNa cAri paMcakala Thabijjasu bIa ThAmahi chakkalo paa paaha aMtahi guru karijjasu vaNNaNeNa susavvalo / / prAkRta paiMgalam 1.191. 15. vahI, 1.170. 16. apabhraMzanibaddhe'sminsargAH kuDavakAbhidhAH / tathApabhraMzayogyAni cchandAMsi vividhAnyapi / / sAhityadarpaNa, 6.327. 17. DaoN0 devendrakumAra zAstrI, bhavisattakahA tathA apabhraMza kathAkAvya, pR0 425 se 432.

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bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kI vikAsa-yAtrA meM apabhraMza kA sthAna sAdhvI DaoN0 madhubAlA* bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM ke vikAsa meM madhyakAlIna bhAratIya AryabhASA kAla ke anantara vartamAna kAla kI deza-bhASAoM kA kAla AtA hai| DaoN0 sunIti kumAra ne isako 'iNDo Aryana pIriyaDa' kahA hai| isa kAla ko 'Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASA kAla' kaha sakate haiN| isa kAla meM bhArata kI vartamAna prAntIya bhASAoM kI gaNanA kI gayI hai| __ vartamAna prAntIya AryabhASAoM kA vikAsa apabhraMza se huA hai| zaurasenI apabhraMza se brajabhASA, khar3IbolI, rAjasthAnI, paMjAbI, gujarAtI aura pahAr3I bhASAoM kA sambandha haiN| inameM se marAThI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI kA sambandha vizeSatayA zaurasenI evaM mahArASTrI apabhraMza ke saMyukta rUpa se mAnA jAtA hai| mAgadha apabhraMza se bhojapurI, ur3iyA, baMgAlI, AsAmI, maithilI, magahI Adi kA vikAsa huA aura ardhamAgadhI se pUrvI hindI- avadhI Adi kA, mahArASTrI se marAThI kA sambandha jor3A jAtA thaa| kintu Ajakala vidvAn isameM sandeha karane lage haiM aura ina donoM meM paraspara sambandha nahIM maante|" sindhI kA dravir3a apabhraMza se sambandha kahA gayA hai| paMjAbI, zaurasenI apabhraMza se prabhAvita samajhI jAtI hai| ina bhinna-bhinna bhASAoM kA vikAsa tatkAlIna apabhraMza ke sAhityika rUpa dhAraNa kara lene para tatkAlIna pracalita sarvasAdhAraNa kI boliyoM se huaa| inakA Arambha kAla 1000 IsvI mAnA gayA hai| isa kAla ke bAda 13vIM-14vIM zatAbdI taka apabhraMza ke granthoM kI racanA hotI rhii| ina prAntIya bhASAoM ke vikAsa ke pUrvakAla meM ve saba bhinna-bhinna apabhraMzoM se prabhAvita huI dikhAyI detI haiN| uttarakAla kA apabhraMza-sAhitya bhI ina prAntIya bhASAoM se prabhAvita hotA rhaa| isa prakAra prAntIya bhASAoM ke prArambhika rUpa meM aura apabhraMza kAla ke uttara rUpa meM donoM ke sAhitya cirakAla taka samAnAntara rUpa se calate rhe| __ Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASA kAla meM Akara bhASAe~ saMyogAtmaka se viyogAtmaka yA vizleSAtmaka ho gayI thiiN| isa kAla kI sabhI bhASAe~ apabhraMza se prabhAvita haiN| isa Alekha meM hindI ko dRSTi meM rakhakara usakA apabhraMza se bheda nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| *. . jaina divAkara sAmAyika sAdhanA bhavana, indaura, madhyapradeza.

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zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka hindI meM dhvaniyA~ prAyaH vahI haiM jo madhyakAlIna bhAratIya AryabhASAoM meM milatI thiiN| svaroM meM R kA prayoga saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoM meM milatA hai; kintu isakA uccAraNa ri hotA hai / ai aura au kA uccAraNa saMskRta ke samAna ai, au na hokara ae, (aisA), ao, (aurata) rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA hai| aMgrejI ke prabhAva se phuTabaoNla, kaoNleja Adi zabdoM meM vyavahRta oN dhvani hindI ke par3he-likhe logoM meM pracalita ho gayI hai| vyaMjanoM meM z aura S meM bheda nahIM rahA / Sa kA uccAraNa bhI prAyaH z ke samAna hI hotA hai| saMyuktAkSara jJa kA uccAraNa gaya, gya, jya~ Adi rUpoM meM sthAna bheda se bhinna-bhinna prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai / vyaMjanoM meM Da aura r3ha nayI dhvaniyA~ haiN| isI prakAra arabI aura phArasI ke prabhAva se qa qha g2az2a fa Adi dhvaniyoM kA bhI vikAsa huaa| inakA prayoga arabI aura phArasI ke tatsama zabdoM meM hotA hai; kintu rUr3hivAdI inakA uccAraNa dezI dhvaniyoM ke samAna ka kha ga ja pha hI karate haiN| jaise-- kAgaz2a ke sthAna para kAgaja / 5 40 : vaiyAkaraNoM ne prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM prAkRta ke sAtha hI apabhraMza kA vicAra kiyA hai| siMharAja kA kathana hai ki apabhraMza meM prAyaH zaurasenI kI bhA~ti kArya hotA hai / 6 prAkRtarUpAvatAra kI bhA~ti prAkRtamaNidIpa, prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana, ArSaprAkRta vyAkaraNa tathA caNDakRta prAkRta prakAza meM zaurasenI prAkRta ke antargata apabhraMza kA vidhAna milatA hai| (a) upanAgara spaSTa rUpa se AcArya mArkaNDeya aura AcArya hemacandra apabhraMza kA vivaraNa dete haiN| prAkRta-sarvasva meM apabhraMza ke mukhya tIna bheda kahe gaye haiM- nAgara, brAcar3a aura upanAgara / 7 anya apabhraMzoM meM bahuta hI sUkSma antara hone se unakA nirdeza alaga se nahIM kiyA gayA / brAcar3a sindha kI bolI hai| usakA janma hI sindha meM huA hai| ' nAgara se abhiprAya gujarAta kA tathA upanAgara se tAtparya sindha aura gujarAta ke madhyavartI mAlava, mAravAr3a, paMjAba Adi se hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ke ina ullekhoM se patA calatA hai ki apabhraMza prAdezika boliyoM ke rUpa meM phailI huI thI, parantu vaiyAkaraNa loga unakA vivaraNa dene meM ruci nahIM rakhate the, kyoMki ve rUr3ha bhASA kA vicAra karate the| isake atirikta sAhitya kI bhASA meM jo nAma-rUpa milate the, unakA pUrA-pUrA abhidhAna hai| vaiyAkaraNoM kI apekSA saMskRta-sAhitya ke samAlocakoM ne apabhraMza kA paricaya ThIka se diyA hai| AcArya bhAmaha saMskRta - prAkRta kI bhA~ti apabhraMza ko bhI kAvya kI bhASA kahate haiN| unhoMne apabhraMza ke prAdezika bhedoM ke AdhAra para chaha bheda batAye haiN| AcArya hemacandra ne ziSTa aura grAmya ke bheda se apabhraMza ke do rUpoM kI carcA kI hai| 1deg kintu prAkRtasarvasvakAra mArkaNDeya ne bhASA ke cAra vibhAga mAne haiM-- bhASA, vibhASA,

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... bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kI vikAsa-yAtrA meM apabhraMza kA sthAna : 41 apabhraMza aura paishaacii| bhASA ke pA~ca bheda haiM- mahArASTrI, zaurasenI, prAcyA, avantI tathA maagdhii| vibhASAe~ bhI pA~ca kahI gayI haiN| zakArI, cANDAlI, zAbarI, AbhIrI aura zAkvI (shaakhii)| unhoMne apabhraMza ke nAgara, upanAgara aura brAcar3a tIna mukhya bheda mAne haiM tathA AdrI, drAvir3I Adi sattAisa bheda kahe haiN| adhikatara vaiyAkaraNa prAkRta kA hI pradhAna rUpa se vicAra karate hue lakSita hote haiN| sabhI prAkRta vaiyAkaraNoM ne prAkRta ke mahArASTrI, zaurasenI, mAgadhI aura paizAcI- ina cAra bhedoM kA vyAkaraNa diyA hai| kevala prAkRtazabdAnuzAsana aura hemacandrakRta zabdAnuzAsana meM inake atirikta cUlikA aura paizAcI apabhraMza kA adhika vivaraNa hai| SaDbhASAcandrikA meM bhI ukta chahoM bhASAoM kA vicAra huA hai| yadi hama sabhI ullekhoM para vicAra kareM to dezI bhedoM se apabhraMza ke kaI bhedoM kI kalpanA karanI hogI; kintu use ucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| phira, upalabdha sAhitya se usakI koI saMgati bhI nahIM baiThatI, isalie kevala sAhityika racanAoM ko dekhate hue apabhraMza ke anivAryata: do bheda mAne jAte haiM- pUrvI aura pshcimii| kintu DaoN0 tagAre ne pazcimI, dakSiNI aura pUrvI tIna bheda mAne haiN| 11 yadyapi apabhraMza sAhitya uttara bhArata ko chor3a kara tInoM bhAgoM meM prApta hotA hai para bhASA kI dRSTi se hama use mukhya do rUpoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| dakSiNa bhArata se prApta sAhitya mUlataH pazcimI yA zaurasenI apabhraMza meM nibaddha haiN| pUrvI apabhraMza mAgadhI prAkRta se prabhAvita hai| sAhitya meM mahArASTrI tathA zaurasenI prAkRta aura zaurasenI apabhraMza kA pracalana rahA hai, kyoMki ukta donoM prAkRta saMskRta ke adhika nikaTa rahI hai|12 "zaurasenyAM ye zabdAsteSAM prakRti: saMskRtaM'' phira apabhraMza meM zaurasenI ke anusAra bhASA-vidhAna hai|13 isalie zaurasenI apabhraMza kI mukhyatA kA sahaja meM nizcaya ho jAtA hai| pUrvI apabhraMza meM hameM siddha-sAhitya likhA huA milatA hai, jo mAgadhI ke adhika nikaTa hai; kintu dakSiNI apabhraMza kI koI spaSTa bhedaka rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sktii| ataeva apabhraMza ke mukhya do tathA prAdezika aneka bheda mAne jA sakate haiN| anya bhedoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se kahIM-kahIM antara dikhAyI detA hai, jisakA ullekha prAkRta vaiyAkaraNoM ne atyanta saMkSipta rUpa meM kiyA hai| isI prakAra bhASA kI dRSTi se dezI aura sAhityika bheda se apabhraMza ke do rUpa kahe jA sakate haiN| svayambhU ne apanI bhASA ko grAmINa janoM kI bhASA se hIna dezI bhASA kahA hai| dezI lokabhASA kA vaha rUpa thA jo janasAmAnya meM pracalita thA lekina sAhityika bhASA kevala ziSTa janoM kI thii| samAja meM bhASA viSayaka yaha antara vaidika yuga se lekara Aja taka barAbara huA hai| isakA ekamAtra kAraNa sAmAjika varga-bheda mAnA jA sakatA hai| (ya) zaurasenI saMskRta ke nATakoM meM strI-pAtroM tathA madhya koTi ke puruSa pAtroM dvArA zaurasenI kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| yahI bhASA sAhityika rUpa meM cirakAla taka bhArata ke vistRta kSetra meM prayukta

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42 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka hotI rhii| do svaroM ke bIca meM saMskRta ke t aura ya kA kramaza: da aura dh ho jAnA isa bhASA kI vizeSatA hai| do svaroM ke bIca meM sthita d aura dh vaise hI rahate haiN| udAharaNArtha gacchati = gacchadi, yathA = jadhA, jaladaH = jalado, krodhaH = krodho ityaadi| (ra) mahArASTrI yaha kAvya kI padyAtmaka bhASA hai| kAvya ke padyoM meM isI kA prayoga hotA thaa| hAla racita gAthAsaptazatI aura pravarasena racita setubandha yA rAvaNavadha jaise utkRSTa koTi ke kAvya isI bhASA meM race gye| do svaroM ke bIca ke alpaprANa sparza varNa kA lopa aura mahAprANa kA ho jAnA mahArASTrI kI vizeSatA hai| udAharaNArtha gacchati = gacchai, yathA = jahA, jalada = jalao, krodha = koho| DaoN0 manamohana ghoSa kA vicAra hai ki mahArASTrI, mahArASTra kI bhASA nahIM apitu zaurasenI ke vikAsa kA uttarakAlIna rUpa hai| DaoN0 sunIti kumAra caTarjI bhI isa AdhAra para ise zaurasenI prAkRta aura zaurasenI apabhraMza ke madhya kI avasthA mAnate haiN| 14 (la) mAgadhI __ yaha magadha deza kI bhASA thii| nATakoM ke nimna varga ke pAtra isI bhASA kA prayoga karate the| isake mukhya lakSaNa ye haiM (ka) saMskRta uSma vargoM ke sthAna para z kA pryog| (kha) ra ke sthAna para la kA pryog| sapta = sht| rAjA = laajaa| (ga) anya prAkRtoM meM y ke sthAna para j kA prayoga hotA hai| isameM y hI rahatA hai| prAkRta ke zabda jinameM j aura jja kA prayoga hotA hai isameM y aura yya rUpa meM hI prayukta hote haiN| jaise- jAnAti = yANAdi, adatya = ayy| (gha) NNa ke sthAna para Ja kA pryog| yathA puNya = puJA (Ga) akArAnta saMjJA ke prathama vibhakti ke ekavacana meM o ke sthAna para e kA rUpa yathA- devo = deve| mAgadhIprAkRta kA abhilekhoM evaM nATakoM ke atirikta koI sAhityika grantha upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| Ajakala pratyeka prAkRta ke eka apabhraMza rUpa kI kalpanA kI gayI hai; kintu vyAkaraNa ke prAcIna granthoM meM isa prakAra kA vibhAga dikhAyI nahIM detaa| hA~, rudraTa ne apane kAvyAlaGkAra meM deza bheda se apabhraMza ke aneka bhedoM kI ora nirdeza kiyA hai|

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... bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kI vikAsa-yAtrA meM apabhraMza kA sthAna : 43 sandarbha-sUcI 1. DaoN0 sunIti kumAra caTarjI, iNDo Aryana eNDa hindI, pR0 97. 2. DaoN0 dhIrendra varmA, hindI bhASA kA itihAsa, pR0 48. 3. sTena kono, mahArASTrI eNDa marAThI, pR0 180-192. 4. vahI, pR0 553. 5. DaoN0 harivaMza kochar3a, apabhraMza sAhitya, pR0 18-19. shaurseniivt| apabhraMze prAya: zaurasenIvat kArya bhvti| hemacandra - zabdAnuzAsana 8/4/446 7. nAgaro vAcaDazcopanAgarazceti te tryH| apabhraMzA pare sUkSyabhedatvAnna pRthngmtaaH|| prAkRtasarvasva, 1/5. 8. brAcaDo naagraatsidhyet| sindhudezodbhavo vaacddo'pbhrNshH| prAkRtasarvasva, 18/1. 9. saMskRtaM prAkRtaM cAnyadapabhraMza iti tridhaa| kAvyAlaMkAra, 1.16. 10. eca0jAkobI, iNTroDakzana TU da bhvisyttkhaa| 11. DaoN0 tagAre, hisTArikala grAmara oNva apabhraMza, pR0 15-16. 12. prakRtiH sNskRtm| vararuci, prAkRta prakAza, 12.2. 13. shaurseniivt| hemacandra, 8.446 14. iNDo Aryana eNDa hindI, pR0 6.

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prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana DaoN0 atulakumAra prasAda siMha Agama-sAhitya mukhyataH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| aGgabAhya Agama aura aGgapraviSTa aagm| aGgapraviSTa Agama vaha hai jisakA upadeza tIrthaGkaroM ne svayaM diyA aura gaNadharoM ne jise sUtrarUpa meM saMgrahIta kiyaa| aise 12 aGga Agama haiN| ye haiM-- AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAGga, sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAzakadazA, antakRddazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra aura dRssttivaad| isameM digambara mAnyatAnusAra dRSTivAda ke kucha bhAga (kasAyapAhuDasutta aura SaTakhaNDAgama) ko chor3akara sabhI Agama lupta mAne gaye haiM to zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra bArahaveM Agama dRSTivAda kA vilopa ho cukA hai| aGgabAhya Agama ve haiM jo sIdhe tIrthaGkaroM kI vANI nahIM haiM apitu jinameM tIrthaGkaroM ke vicAroM kI vyAkhyA anya AcAryoM dvArA kI gayI hai| isameM 12 upAGga, 6 chedasUtra, 4 mUlasUtra, 10 prakIrNaka evaM 2 cUlikA-sUtra mAne jAte haiN| nandIsUtra meM ina aGgabAhya AgamoM ko prathamata: do bhAgoM meM rakhA gayA hai- Avazyaka evaM Avazyaka vytirikt| Avazyaka ke antargata sAmAyika Adi cha: grantha haiN| Avazyaka vyatirikta granthoM ko kAlika aura utkAlika do bhAga meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM kula 46 Agama (dRSTivAda ko chor3akara 45) zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka-sampradAya meM mAnya haiN| inameM prakIrNakoM ko zvetAmbara-sampradAya ke terApaMtha evaM sthAnakavAsI svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| isa prakAra vizAla prakIrNaka sAhitya sAmpradAyika dRSTi se pUrI taraha upekSita hai| paramparAgata mAnyatAnusAra jisa tIrthaGkara ke saMgha meM jitane zramaNa hote haiM unameM se pratyeka ke dvArA eka-eka prakIrNaka kI racanA kA ullekha hai, isI kAraNa samavAyAGgasUtra meM RSabhadeva ke caurAsI hajAra ziSyoM ke utane hI prakIrNakoM kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM caudaha hajAra zramaNoM dvArA itane hI prakIrNaka racane kI mAnyatA hai| prakIrNaka 'pra' upasargapUrvaka 'kR' dhAtu se 'kta' pratyaya sahita niSpanna 'prakIrNa' zabda *. pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM Ayojita "jaina vidyA adhyayana : samIkSA evaM sambhAvanAyeM" nAmaka akhila bhAratIya saMgoSThI meM paThita zodha Alekha. **. dainika jAgaraNa sampAdakIya vibhAga, barelI 243001.

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prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana se 'kan' pratyaya hone para banA hai| isakA zAbdika artha hai - nAnAsaMgraha, phuTakara vastuoM kA saMgraha aura vividha vastuoM kA adhyAya, para jaina sAhitya meM 'prakIrNaka' eka vizeSa prakAra kA pAribhASika zabda hai| AcArya AtmArAma jI ne prakIrNaka kI vyAkhyA nimna prakAra kI hai "arihanta ke upadiSTa zrutoM ke AdhAra para zramaNa nirgrantha bhakti bhAvanA tathA zraddhAvaza mUla bhAvanA se dUra na rahate hue jina granthoM kA nirmANa karate haiM, unheM 'prakIrNaka' kahate haiM / " prakIrNakoM kI racanA karane kA dUsarA uddezya yaha bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai ki inase sarvasAdhAraNa AsAnI se dharma kI ora unmukha ho ske| : 45 prAcIna Agama granthoM meM aisA kahIM bhI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai ki amuka-amuka grantha prakIrNaka ke antargata haiN| nandIsUtra aura pAkSikasUtra donoM meM AgamoM ke vibhinna vargoM meM kahIM bhI prakIrNaka varga kA ullekha nahIM hai / yadyapi ina donoM granthoM meM, Aja hama jinheM prakIrNaka mAnate haiM, unameM se 9 granthoM kA ullekha kAlika evam utkAlika AgamoM ke antargata AtA hai / kAlika ke antargata RSibhASita aura dvIpasAgaraprajJapti evam utkAlika ke antargata devendrastava, tandulavaicArika, candrakavedhyaka, gaNividyA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna aura maraNa vibhakti AtA hai| AgamoM kA aGga, upAGga, chedasUtra, mUlasUtra, cUlikA evaM prakIrNaka ke rUpa meM vibhAjana sarvaprathama AcArya jinaprabha ke vidhimArgaprathA (IsA kI 14vIM zatAbdI) meM milatA hai| aGga AgamoM meM 'prakIrNaka' kA ullekha sarvaprathama samavAyAGgasUtra meM milatA hai| pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra prArambha meM aGga AgamoM se itara Avazyaka, Avazyaka vyatirikta, kAlika evam utkAlika ke rUpa meM vargIkRta sabhI grantha prakIrNaka kahalAte the| unhoMne isake pramANasvarUpa SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA kA ullekha kiyA hai jisameM 12 aGga AgamoM se bhinna aGgabAhya granthoM ko prakIrNaka nAma diyA hai| "anggbhircoddspinnnnyjjhaayaa"| isameM uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, RSibhASita Adi ko bhI prakIrNaka hI kahA gayA hai / 4 yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita athavA prakIrNaka varga meM samAhita sabhI granthoM ke nAma ke anta meM prakIrNaka zabda to nahIM milatA hai, mAtra kucha hI grantha aise haiM jinake nAma ke anta meM prakIrNaka zabda kA ullekha huA hai phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki prakIrNako kA astitva atiprAcIna kAla meM bhI rahA hai, cAhe unheM prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA ho athavA na kiyA gayA ho| nandIsUtrakAra ne aGga AgamoM ko chor3akara Agama rUpa meM mAnya anya sabhI granthoM ko prakIrNaka kahA hai / (nandIsUtra, sampA0- 0 muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, I0 san 1982, sUtra 81) ataH prakIrNaka zabda Aja jitane saGkucita artha meM hai utanA pUrva meM nahIM thA / umAsvAti aura devavAcaka ke samaya meM to aGga AgamoM ke atirikta zeSa sabhI AgamoM ko prakIrNakoM meM hI samAhita kiyA jAtA thaa| isase jaina Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA kyA sthAna hai, yaha siddha ho jAtA hai| prAcIna dRSTi

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46 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka se to aGga AgamoM ke atirikta sampUrNa jaina Agamika sAhitya prakIrNaka varga ke antargata AtA hai|6 vartamAna meM muni puNyavijaya jI ne paiNNayasuttAiM (do khaNDa) nAmaka grantha ke prathama bhAga meM (jaina Agama sambandhita saMkSipta vaktavya, pR0 18 meM)22 prakIrNakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| cUMki prakIrNakoM kI koI nizcita nAmAvalI nahIM hai aura yaha kaI prakAra se gine jAte haiM, nimnalikhita 22 prakIrNakoM kA sabhI prakAroM meM se saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| ye haiM(1) causaraNa, (2) AurapaccakkhAna, (3) bhattapariNNA, (4) saMthAraya, (5) taMdulaveyAliya, (6) candAvejjhaya, (7) deviMdastava, (8) gaNivijjA, (9) mahApaccakkhAna, (10) vIrathuI, (11) isibhAsiyAI, (12) ajIvakalpa, (13) gacchAcAra, (14) maraNasamAhi, (15) titthogAlI, (16) ArAhaNApaDAyA, (17) dIvasAgarapaNNatti, (18) joisakaraNDaya, (19) aMgavijjA, (20) siddhapAhuDa, (21) sArAvalI aura (22) jiivvibhtti| ___ parantu paiNNayasutAiM (donoM bhAga) meM sampAdaka muni puNyavijaya jI ne kula 32 prakIrNakoM ko saGkalita kiyA hai| inameM se kucha samAna nAma vAle haiM para inake lekhaka aura kAla bhinna haiN| uparokta bAisa prakIrNakoM ke alAvA paiNNayasuttAiM grantha meM jo anya prakIrNaka saGkalita haiM, ve haiM- (1) sakusalApuvaMdhiajjhayaNa-caMusaraNapaiNNayaM avaraNAmayaM siri bIrabhaddAyariyaviraiyaMca, (2) AurapaccakkhANaM, (3) AurapaccakkhANapaiNNayaM-sirivIrabhaddAcariya viraiyaM, (4) vIrabhadrAcArya viracita ArAhaNApaDAyA, (5) ArAhaNAsAra avaraNAmA pajjaMtArAhaNA, (6) ArAhaNApaNagaM, (7) siriabhayadeva sUripaNIyaM ArAhaNApayaraNaM, (8) jiNaseharasAvayaM paI sulasasAvayakArAviyA ArAhaNA, (9) nandanamuni ArAdhita ArAdhanA, (10) ArAhaNA kulayaM, (11) micchAdukkaDakulayaM, (12) AlocaNAkulayaM, (13) appvisohikulyN| - uparokta "jaina Agama sambandhita saMkSipta vaktavya' meM ullikhita 22 prakIrNakoM meM cAra aise prakIrNaka haiM jo paiNNayasuttAiM meM saGkalita nahIM haiM- ye hai- ajIvakalpa, aGgavijjA, siddhapAhuDa evaM jiivvibhkti| isa prakAra paiNNayasuttAiM meM kula 32 prakIrNaka ho jAte haiN| aba ye cAra prakIrNaka kyoM nahIM saGkalita kiye gaye haiM isakA ullekha prApta nahIM hotA jabaki ye saba upalabdha haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki ye cAroM alaga se prakAzita hone aura kucha bar3e hone ke kAraNa yahA~ saGkalita nahIM kiye gye| ise bhI mAneM to vartamAna meM upalabdha 36 prakIrNaka haiN| dUsarI ora 'prakIrNaka sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA' nAmaka grantha meM eka lekha (prakIrNakoM kI pANDulipiyA~ aura prakAzita saMskaraNa, lekhaka jauharImala pArakha) meM dI gayI upalabdha prakIrNakoM kI sUcI meM jo tIsa prakIrNaka sUcIbaddha haiM unase paiNNayasutAI meM saGkalita prakIrNakoM se bhinnatA hai| isa sUcI meM diye gaye prakIrNakoM ke nAma ye haiM- (1) AturapratyAkhyAna-vIrabhadra, (2) gaNividyA,

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prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana . : 47 (3) kuzalANubaMdhicatuHzaraNa-vIrabhadra, (4) candravedhyaka, (5) tandulavaicArika, (6) devendrastava-RSipAlita, (7) bhaktaparijJA-vIrabhadra, (8) mahApratyAkhyAna, (9) vIrastava, (10) saMstAraka, (11) aGgavidyA, (12) ajIvakalpa, (13) ArAdhanApatAkA-vIrabhadra, (14) gacchAcAra, (15) jyotiSakaraNDaka-pAdalipta, (16) tithiprakIrNaka, (17) tIrthodgAlika, (18) dvIpasAgaraprajJapti, (19) maraNasamAdhi, (20) siddhaprAbhRta, (21) aGgacUlikA-yazobhadra, (22) kavacajinacandra, (23) jIvavibhakti, (24) paryantArAdhanA, (25) piNDavizuddhi-jinavallabha, (26) vaGgacUlikA-yazobhadra, (27) yoniprAbhRta-dharasena, (28) supraNidhAna (vRddha) catuHzaraNa, (29) sArAvalI, (30) jambUcaritra (jambUpainnA) pdmsuuri| jina prakIrNakoM ke Age kartA kA nAma nahIM hai unake kartA ajJAta haiN| isI lekha meM prakAzita prakIrNakoM kI dUsarI sUcI meM RSibhASita kA nAma bhI hai para use sAmAnya krama meM nahIM rakhA gayA hai| yadi hama use bhI mAneM to yahA~ 31 prakIrNaka ho jAte haiN| inameM se tithiprakIrNaka, aGgacUlikA, kavaca, piNDavizuddhi, baGgacUlikA, yoniprAbhRta evaM jambUcaritra (jambUpainnA) ina sAtoM kA ullekha paiNNayasuttAiM meM nahIM hai| inheM bhI zAmila kara lene para 36 + 7 = 43 upalabdha prakIrNaka ho jAte haiN| viSayavastu upalabdha prakIrNakoM meM nandanamuni ArAdhita ArAdhanA (saMskRta) prakIrNaka ke atirikta samasta prakIrNaka prAkRta bhASA meM race gaye haiM, AkAra kI dRSTi se sabase choTA ArAdhanAkulaka hai jinameM mAtra 8 gAthAeM haiM aura sabase bar3e AkAra kA aGgavidyA hai jisameM 9000 granthAMka evaM 60 adhikAra haiN| inameM AturapratyAkhyAna nAma ke tIna prakIrNaka haiM tathA catuHzaraNa, ArAdhanApatAkA aura mithyAduSkRtakulaka zIrSaka se do-do prakIrNaka haiN| prakIrNakoM kI viSayavastu ko dekhA jAye to adhikAMza prakIrNaka samAdhimaraNa ko pratipAdita karate haiM para samAdhimaraNa ke atirikta nimitta, muhUrta, khagola, bhUgola, jaina itihAsa, zarIravijJAna, guru-ziSya sambandha Adi para prakAza DAlane vAle bhI prakIrNaka haiN| yahA~ hama upalabdha prakIrNakoM kI viSayavastu kA saMkSipta ullekha kreNge| ise do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| pahale samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita prakIrNakoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta hai| 1. samAdhimaraNa-- AgamamAnya dasa prakIrNakoM meM yaha sabase bar3A hai| isameM 661 gAthAe~ haiN| granthakAra ke anusAra (1) maraNa vibhakti, (2) maraNa vizodhi, (3) maraNa samAdhi, (4) saMllekhanAzruta, (5) bhaktaparijJA, (6) AturapratyAkhyAna, (7) mahApratyAkhyAna aura (8) ArAdhanA, ina ATha prAcIna zrutagranthoM ke AdhAra para prastuta prakIrNaka kI racanA huI hai| isameM anta samaya kI ArAdhanA kA varNana hai| isake racanAkAra ajJAta haiN| maraNasamAdhi kA ullekha nandI evaM pAkSikasUtra meM prApta hotA hai| isameM maraNa ke atirikta AcArya ke 36 guNoM,

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48 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka AlocanA ke doSoM Adi kA nAma sahita varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakA prAkRta saMskaraNa bAbU dhanapatasiMha murzidAbAda (I0 san 1886), bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI, ahamadAbAda (I0 san 1906), jainadharma prasAraka sabhA (I0 san 1906), Agamodaya samiti (I0 san 1926, chAyAsahita); harSa puSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA (I0 san 1975) aura mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI (I0 san 1984) se prakAzita ho cukA hai| abhI taka isakA aura hindI anuvAda prakAzita nahIM huA hai| 2-4- AturapratyAkhyAna-- isa nAma se do aura prakIrNaka haiN| prastuta AturapratyAkhyAna gadya-padya mizrita hai| isameM sUtroM aura gAthAoM kI kula saMkhyA tIsa hai| isameM zarIra ke mamatva tyAga, sAgAra aura nirAgAra pratyAkhyAna tathA sabhI jIvoM ke prati kSamApanA kI gayI hai| isake lekhaka ajJAta haiN| dUsare AturapratyAkhyAna meM kula 34 gAthAe~ haiN| isake kartA bhI ajJAta haiN| isameM upodghAta, avirati pratyAkhyAna, mithyAduSkRta, mamatvatyAga, zarIra ke lie upAlambha, zubhabhAvanA, arahantAdi smaraNa, pApasthAnaka tyAga Adi zIrSaka se viSaya varNita haiN| tIsare AturapratyAkhyAna ke kartA vIrabhadra haiN| isameM kula 71 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM maraNa ke bAlamaraNa, bAlapaNDita maraNa aura paNDitamaraNa- tIna bheda kara viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ye tInoM AturapratyAkhyAna (mUla) paiNNayasuttAI meM saGkalita haiN| vIrabhadrakRta AturapratyAkhyAna ke prakAzita saMskaraNa bAbU dhanapata siMha murzidAbAda, bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI ahamadAbAda, agamodaya samiti, harSa puSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA-multAna, RSi smAraka samiti, dhUliyA se mUla evaM tattvavivecanasabhA (1901) se gujarAtI, manamohana yazamAlA, pAyadhunI, mumbaI (1950) se hindI evaM manamohana yazasmAraka (1934) se gujarAtI aura hindI anuvAda ke sAtha haiN|| 5- mahApratyAkhyAna- isa prakIrNaka kA ullekha nandIsUtra tathA pAkSikasUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai| nandisUtracUrNi, haribhadrIya vRtti tathA pAkSikasUtra vRtti meM isa prakIrNaka kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai "mahApratyAkhyAnam mahacca tat pratyAkhyAnaM ceti smaas:| therakappeNa jinakappeNa vA viharettA aMte therakappiyA bArasa vAse saMlehaM karettA, jiNakappiyA puNa vihAreNeva saMloDhA tahAvi jahAjuttaM saMlehaM karettA nivvAghAtaM saceTThA ceva bhavacarimaM paccakkhaMti, evaM savittharaM jattha'jjhayaNe vaNijai tamajjhayaNaM mhaapcckkhaannN|" arthAt mahApratyAkhyAna zabda mahAn aura pratyAkhyAna se banA hai| sthavirakalpI aura jiNakalpI meM sthavirakalpI vihAra ke anta meM bAraha varSa kI sallekhanA karate haiM, jinakalpI vihAra ke krama meM jaba jaisI AvazyakatA ho sallekhanA grahaNa kara lete haiM aura anta samaya taka ke lie pratyAkhyAna kara lete haiN| isakA vistArapUrvaka varNana jisa adhyayana meM ho vaha mahApratyAkhyAna hai| mahApratyAkhyAna meM kula 142 gAthAe~ haiN| inameM maMgala abhidheya ke pazcAt trividhA vyutsarjanA, sarvajIvakSamaNA, nindA-gardA AlocanA, mamatvachedana, AtmA kA svarUpa, mUla

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prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana : 49 aura uttara guNoM meM pramAda kI nindA, ekatvabhAvanA, saMyogasambandha vyutsarjanA, asaMyama Adi kI nindA, mithyAtva kA tyAga, ajJAta aparAdha kI AlocanA kA svarUpa, zalyoddharaNa prarUpaNa, AlocanA kA phala, nirveda upadeza, paNDitamaraNa kA prarUpaNa, paJcamahAvrata kI rakSA, tapa kA mahAtmya, anArAdhaka kA svarUpa, ArAdhanA kA mahAtmya, pApa Adi kA pratyAkhyAna, sabhI jIvoM ke prati kSamAbhAva, pratyAkhyAna pAlana ke phala Adi kA vistAra se varNana hai| vartamAna meM isake prakAzita saMskaraNa haiM- bAbU dhanapata siMha-murzidAbAda, bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI-ahamadAbAda, Agamodaya samiti, harSa puSyAmRta jaina granthamAlA evaM mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI se mUla prAkRta evaM Agama saMsthAna udayapura se hindI anuvAda ke saath| isake kartA ajJAta haiN| 6- saMstAraka-- isake bhI kartA ajJAta haiN| antima ArAdhanA ke prasaMga meM svIkAra kiye jAne vAle darbhAdi Asana ko saMstAraka kahA jAtA hai| isameM kula 122 gAthAe~ haiN| saMstAraka meM maMgalAcaraNa ke bAda saMstAraka ke guNoM, saMstAraka kA svarUpa, isake lAbha aura sukha kI mahimA ke varNana tathA saMstAraka grahaNa karane vAle puNyAtmAoM ke nAmollekha haiN| anta meM saMstAraka grahaNa karane kI kSamApaNA aura bhAvanA kA nirUpaNa hai| isa prakIrNaka ke prakAzita sAta saMskaraNa isa prakAra haiM- bAbU dhanapata siMha-murzidAbAda, bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI-ahamadAbAda, Agamodaya samiti, harSa puSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, jainadharma prasAraka sabhA se kevala mUla tathA Agama saMsthAna, udayapura se hindI anuvAda ke saath| 7- catuHzaraNa- prastuta prakIrNaka meM kula 27 gAthAe~ haiN| isake kartA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| isakI prathama gAthA meM kuzalatA hetu catuHzaraNagamana, duSkRta gardA aura sukRta kA anumodana- ina tIna adhikAroM kA nirdeza hai| isI ke anusAra viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha kevala mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya se hI prakAzita hai| . .. bhaktaparijJA- bhaktaparijJA meM 172 gAthAe~ haiN| isake kartA vIrabhadra haiN| isameM maGgala-abhidheya ke pazcAt jJAna kA mahAtmya, azAzvata sukha kI niSphalatA, jinArAdhanA meM zAzvata sukha, abhyuddhata maraNa ke tIna bheda, bhaktaparijJA maraNa ke do bheda, ziSya dvArA vyAdhigrasta hone para guru se bhaktaparijJA maraNa kI anumati mA~ganA tathA guru dvArA isakI anumati ke sAtha AlocanA kA upadeza, prAyazcitta paJcamahAvrata kA AropaNa, sAmayika kA AropaNa, ziSya dvArA kSamaNAdi, guru dvArA anuzAsana kA upadeza Adi ke vistRta varNana ke pazcAt bhaktaparijJA ke mahAtmya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha bAbU dhanapata siMha-murzidAbAda, bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI-ahamadAbAda, Agamodaya samiti, harSa puSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya tathA jainadharma prasAraka sabhA se mUla rUpa meM prakAzita hai| 9- catuHzaraNa kusalAnubandhI- prastuta prakIrNaka AcArya vIrabhadra kI kRti hai|

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50 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka isameM kula 63 gAthAe~ haiN| isakI prathama gAthA meM viSayavastu kA nAma nirdeza isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai- (ka) sAvadhayoga kI virati, (kha) utkIrtana, (ga) guNiyoM ke prati vinaya, (gha) kSati kI nindA, (ca) doSoM kI cikitsA aura (cha) gunnaaraadhnaa| puna: inakA alaga-alaga nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt caturdaza svapna kA varNana, maGgala-abhidheya, catuzaraNa gamana, duSkRtagarhA, sukRtAnumodana rUpa tIna adhikAra haiN| isake bAda arihanta, siddha, sAdhu aura kevaliprajJapta dharma- ina cAra AzrayoM kA zaraNa lene aura janma-janmAntara meM AtmA ne yadi koI duSkRta AcaraNa kiyA ho to usakI nindA kA nirUpaNa hai| anta meM catuHzaraNa grahaNa, duSkRtagarhA, sukRtAnumodana kA phala batAyA gayA hai| yaha prakIrNaka-bAbU dhanapata siMha murzidAbAda, bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI-ahamadAbAda, Agamodaya samiti, harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya evaM jainadharma prasAraka sabhA se mUla rUpa meM, tattva vivecaka sabhA se gujarAtI, devacanda lAlabhAI phaNDa se saMskRta, hIrAlAla haMsarAja-jAmanagara se gujarAtI tathA manamohana yazasmAraka se hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai| 10- prAcIna AcArya viracita ArAdhanApatAkA- isa prakIrNaka meM kula 932 gAthAe~ haiN| sampUrNa grantha kA varNyaviSaya, battIsa dvAroM meM vibhakta hai| ye haiM- (1) sallekhanA dvAra, (2) parIkSA dvAra, (3) niryAmaka dvAra, (4) yogyatva dvAra, (5) agItArtha dvAra, (6) asaMvigna dvAra, (7) nirjaraNA dvAra, (8) sthAna dvAra, (9) vasati dvAra, (10) saMstAra dvAra, (11) dravyadAna dvAra, (12) samAdhimAna vireka dvAra, (13) gaNanisarga dvAra, (14) caityavandana dvAra, (15) AlocanA dvAra, (16) vratoccAra dvAra, (17) catuHzaraNa dvAra, (18) duHkRtagarhA dvAra, (19) sukRtAnumodanA dvAra, (20) jIvakSamaNA dvAra, (21) svajanakSamaNA dvAra, (22) saMghakSamaNA dvAra, (23) jinavarAdi kSamaNA dvAra, (24) AzAtanApratikramaNa dvAra, (25) kAyotsarga dvAra, (26) zakrastava dvAra, (27) pApasthAnavyutsarjana dvAra, (28) anazana dvAra, (29) anuziSTi dvAra, (30) kavaca dvAra, (31) namaskAra dvAra aura (32) ArAdhanAphala dvaar| isameM unatIsavA~ anuziSTi dvAra 17 pratidvAroM meM vibhakta hai- (1) mithyAtva parityAgaanuziSTi pratidvAra, (2) samyaktvasevanAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (3) svAdhyAyAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (4) paJcamahAvratarakSAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (5) madanigrahAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (6) indriyavijayAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (7) kaSAyavijayAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (8) pariSahasahanAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (9) upasargasahanAnaziSTi pratidvAra, (10) pramAda anuziSTi pratidvAra, (11) tapazcaraNAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (12) rAgAdipratizeSAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (13) nidAna vartanAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (14) kubhAvanAtyAgAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (15) sallekhanA aticAra pariharaNAnuziSTi pratidvAra, (16)dvAdaza zubha bhAvanAnuziSTi pratidvAra aura (17) paccIsa mahAvrata bhAvanA anuziSTi prtidvaar| yaha prakIrNaka mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI se mUla rUpa meM paiNNayasuttAiM meM saMgRhIta hai| 11- ArAdhanA patAkA (vIrabhadra)- yaha prakIrNaka AcArya vIrabhadra racita hai| isameM

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prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana : 51 989 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM samAdhimaraNa kA sAGgopAGga varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakIrNaka meM samAdhimaraNa ke savicAra aura avicAra do bheda meM se savicAra bhakta parijJA maraNa kA vistRta vivecana hai| prArambha meM maGgala-abhidheya ke bAda pIThikA hai| punaH pA~ca prakAra ke maraNa kA prarUpaNa karane ke bAda varNaviSaya ko cAra dvAra (1) parikarmavidhidvAra, (2) gaNasaMkramaNadvAra, (3) mamatvauccheda dvAra aura (4) samAdhilAbha dvAra meM vargIkRta kara punaH kramaza: gyAraha, dasa, dasa aura ATha pratidvAra meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama parikarmavidhidvAra ke gyAraha pratidvAra haiM- (1) arha, (2) liMga, (3) zikSA, (4) vinaya, (5) samAdhi, (6) aniyatavihAra, (7) pariNAma, (8) tyAga, (9) niHzreNi, (10) bhAvanA, evaM (11) sNlekhnaa| dvitIya gaNasaMkramaNa dvAra ke dasa pratidvAra haiM- (1) dizA, (2) kSamaNA, (3) anuziSTi, (4) paragaNacaryA, (5) susthitagaveSaNa, (6) upasampadA, (7) parIkSA, (8) pratilekhA, (9) ApRcchanA evaM (10) prtiicchaa| tRtIya mamatva ucchedana dvAra ke dasa pratidvAra haiM- (1) AlocanA, (2) guNa-doSa, (3) zayyA, (4) saMstAraka, (5) nigamika, (6) darzana, (7) hAni, (8) pratyAkhyAna, (9) kSamaNA, evaM (10) kssmnn| caturtha samAdhilAbha dvAra ke ATha pratidvAra haiM- (1) anuziSTi, (2) sAraNA, (3) kavaca, (4) samatA, (5) dhyAna, (6) lezyA, (7) ArAdhanA phala aura (8) vihAna (prityaag)| savicAra bhakta parijJA maraNa ke varNana ke pazcAt avicAra bhakta parijJA maraNa kA nirUpaNa hai| isake (1) niruddha, (2) niruddhatara aura (3) paramaniruddha- tIna bheda kahe gaye haiN| jaMghAbala ke kSINa ho jAne para athavA rogAdi ke kAraNa kRza zarIra vAle sAdhu kA guphAdi meM hone vAlA maraNa niruddha avicAra bhakta parijJAmaraNa hai| vyAla, agni, vyAghra, zUla, mUrchA, vizUcikA Adi ke kAraNa apanI Ayu ko kama jAnakara muni kA guphAdi meM maraNa niruddhatara avicAra bhakta parijJA maraNa hai| bhikSu kI vANI vAtAdi ke kAraNa avaruddha hone para Ayu ko samApta jAnakara mRtyu kA zIghra varaNa karanA paramaniruddha avicAra bhakta parijJA maraNa hai| bhakta parijJA maraNa ke pazcAt iMginImaraNa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakA pratipAdana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki bhakta parijJA maraNa meM jo upakrama varNita haiM, ve hI upakrama yathAyogya iMginImaraNa meM haiN| isameM deva, manuSya Adi kRta upasarga yA kinnara, kiMpuruSa, devakanyAeM evaM sabhI pudgala ke duHkharUpa ho jAne para bhI ArAdhaka vicalita hue binA svayaM hI AkuMcana, prasAraNa uccArAdi kI kriyAe~ karatA hai| isake pazcAt saMkSepa meM pAdapopagamanamaraNa kA varNana kara anta meM ArAdhanA-phala kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| prakAzita saMskaraNa- yaha prakIrNaka kevala mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI se (paiNNayasuttAi bhAga-2) mUlarUpa meM prakAzita hai| 12- paryantArAdhanA- prastuta prakIrNaka ajJAta muni kI kRti hai| isameM kula 263 gAthAe~ haiN| isakA aparanAma ArAdhanAsAra bhI hai| maGgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt viSayavastu kA varNana 24 dvAroM meM vibhakta kara liyA gayA hai| ye caubIsa dvAra haiM--- (1) sallekhanA,

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52 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka (2) sthAna, (3) vikaTanA, (4) samyak, (5) aNuvrata, (6) guNavrata, (7) pApasthAna, (8) sAgAra, (9) catuHzaraNagamana, (10) duSkRtagardA, (11) sukRtAnumodana, (12) viSaya, (13) saMghAdi, (14) caturgati jIvakSamaNA, (15) caitya-namanotsarga, (16) anazana, (17) anuziSTi, (18) bhAvanA, (19) kavaca, (20) namaskAra, (21) zubhadhyAna, (22) nidAna, (23) aticAra aura (24) phldvaar| ___ isake prakAzita saMskaraNa haiM- (1) bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI-ahamadAbAda (mUla), (2) mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI (mUla), (3) vijayasiddhisUri granthamAlA (mUla), (4) manamohana yazamAlA, mumbaI (mUla tathA aMgrejI, hindI anuvAda) do sNskrnn| 13- ArAdhanA paJcaka- prastuta prakIrNaka meM 335 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha prakIrNaka svatantra grantha na hokara udyotanasUri ke kuvalayamAlA se uddhRta aMza hai, parantu paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga-2 meM prakIrNaka ke rUpa meM saGkalita hai| isameM antakRta kevaliyoM ke nAmanirdezapUrvaka karmakSamaNA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra kI preraNA se maNiratha muni evaM dUsare anya kAmagajendra muni, vajraguptamuni evaM svayambhUdeva muni kA saMlekhanAgrahaNa jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura vIrya kI ArAdhanA, paJcamahAvrata, rakSA-mamatva tyAga, saMvarjIva kSamApaNA, doSapratikramaNa, paNDitamaraNa kI preraNA se usakI ArAdhanA tathA unake siddhigamana kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| 14- ArAdhanA prakaraNa- isa prakIrNaka ke kartA abhayadevasUri haiN| isameM 85 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha grantha maraNavidhi ke chaH dvAroM meM vibhakta kara racA gayA hai| cha: dvAra haiM- (1) AlocanA dvAra, (2) vratoccAra dvAra, (3) kSamaNAdvAra, (4) anazanadvAra, (5) zubhabhAvanA dvAra aura (6) namaskAra bhAvanA dvaar| yaha grantha paiNNayasuttAI ke bhAga-2 meM mUlarUpa meM saGkalita hai| 15- jinazekhara zrAvaka prati sulasAzrAvikAracita ArAdhanA- isa prakIrNaka meM 74 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM pratyAsanna maraNa-preraNA arthAt anta sannikaTa hone para anazana kI preraNA, arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhuoM kA svarUpa nirUpaNa evaM unakI vandanA, namaskAra-mAhAtmya tathA maGgala catuSka, lokottama-catuSka, zaraNacatuSka, AlocanA aura vratoccAra kA nirdeza hai| anta meM sarvajIvoM kI kSamApaNA tathA vedanA sahane aura anazana karane kA upadeza hai| yaha prakIrNaka bhI paiNNayasuttAiM bhAga-2 meM saGkalita hai| 16- nandanamuni ArAdhita ArAdhanA- isameM kula 40 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha saMskRta-bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| isa prakIrNaka meM nandanamunikRta duSkRtagardA, sarvajIva kSamaNA, zubha bhAvanA, catuHzaraNa grahaNa, paJcaparameSThi namaskAra, anazana pratipatti rUpa cha: prakAra kI ArAdhanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakIrNaka kA bhI ekamAtra saMskaraNa paiNNayasuttAI meM saGkalita hai|

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prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana 17- ArAdhanA kulaka- yaha sabhI prakIrNakoM meM sabase choTA hai| isameM mAtra 8 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha prakIrNaka vratoccAra, jIvakSAmaNA, pApasthAnatyAga, duHkRta nindA, sukRtAnumodana, catuHzaraNa grahaNa, ekatva bhAvanA kA nirdeza mAtra hai| isake kartA ajJAta haiM tathA yaha bhI paiNNayasuttAiM meM prakAzita hai| 18-19- mithyAduSkRta kulaka- isa zIrSaka se do prakIrNaka upalabdha haiN| donoM kartA ajJAta haiM tathA donoM kA prArambha maGgalAcaraNa se na hokara viSaya se hai| eka meM 15 tathA dUsare meM 17 gAthAe~ haiN| prathama meM ArAdhaka dvArA cAroM gatiyoM ke sabhI jIvoM se alaga-alaga kSamApaNA kI gayI hai| isameM paJcaparameSThI kI nindA, darzana - jJAna - cAritra aura samyaktva kI virAdhanA, caturvidha saMgha kI avamAnanA, mahAvratoM aura aNuvratoM ke prati skhalanA Adi kI nindA hai| : 53 dUsare meM ArAdhaka dvArA saMsAra-cakra meM vividha yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karate samaya jina-jina prANiyoM ko duHkha diyA gayA unake prati kSamApaNA kI gayI hai| vibhinna bhavoM ke parijanoM ke tyAga ke prati, rAga-dveSavaza hue ekendriya jIvoM kA vadha, mRSAvAda bhASaNa, parigraha, mithyAtva moha se mUr3ha ho sAdhu-sevA, sadhArmika vAtsalya evaM caturvidha saMgha kI abhakti ke prati mithyAduSkRta kiyA gayA hai| ye donoM prakIrNaka bhI paiNNayasuttAiM meM saGkalita haiN| 20- AlocanAkulaka- isameM 12 gAthAe~ haiN| isake kartA ajJAta haiN| isameM vividha prakAra ke duSkRtoM kI AlocanA kI gayI hai tathA AlocanA kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai / isa grantha kA bhI prakAzana paiNNayasuttAiM meM huA hai| 21 - Atmavizodhikulaka- isa prakIrNaka meM bhI loka ke samasta prANiyoM ke prati hue samasta prakAra ke duSkRtyoM kI nindA kI gayI hai| isameM AhAra aura samasta zArIrika kriyAoM ke tyAga kA nirdeza hai| anta meM AlocanA dvArA Atma vizuddhi kA mAhAtmya batAyA gayA hai| isameM kula 24 gAthAe~ haiM aura isakA bhI ekamAtra saMskaraNa paiNNayasuttAI meM hai| 22- kavaca -- yaha prakIrNaka jinacandrasUri kI racanA hai aura prAcIna Agama AlApakoM kA saGkalana hone se prAmANika hai| inakA abhI taka mudraNa- prakAzana nahIM huA hai| isameM 129 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM paNDitamaraNa se sambandhita viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra upalabdha prakIrNakoM meM 22 aise haiM jinameM kisI na kisI prakAra se samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita viSayavastu hI prApta hotI hai| isake atirikta jo prakIrNaka haiM, ve bhinna-bhinna viSayoM ko lekara race gaye haiN| unakA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra haiN| 23- devendrastava - prastuta prakIrNaka sthavira RSipAlita kI kRti hai| isakA nirdeza

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54 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka nandIsUtra aura pAkSikasUtra meM prApta hotA hai| isameM kula 311 gAthAe~ haiN| grantha kA prArambha tIrthaGkara RSabha se lekara mahAvIra taka kI stuti se kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAta battIsa devendroM kA kramazaH vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| inameM asurakumAra, nAgakumAra, suvarNakumAra, dvIpakumAra, udadhikumAra, dizAkumAra, vAyukumAra, stanitakumAra, vidyutakumAra aura agnikumAra- dasa bhavanapatidevoM, camarendra, dharaNendra Adi bIsa bhavanapati indroM kA nAmollekha hai| tatpazcAt inakI sthiti, Ayu, bhavana saMkhyA evaM AvAsa Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| isake pazcAt vANavyantaroM, jyotiSkoM, vaimAnikoM evaM anta meM siddhoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| isake saMskaraNa dhanapatasiMha bAbU-murzidAbAda, bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI-ahamadAbAda, Agamodaya samiti, harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya se mUla evaM Agama saMsthAna udayapura se hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita hai| - 24. tandulavaicArika- yaha prakIrNaka gadya-padya mizrita hai| isameM sUtroM aura gAthAoM kI kula saMkhyA 177 hai| isake gadya bhAga bhagavatIsUtra se bhI liye gaye haiN| isakA ullekha utkAlika sUtra ke antargata hai| tandulavaicArika prakIrNaka meM mukhya rUpa se mAnava jIvana ke sabhI pakSoM- garbhAvasthA, mAnava zarIra racanA, usakI sau varSa kI Ayu ke dasa vibhAga (1) bAlA, (2) krIr3A, (3) mandA, (4) balA, (5) prajJA, (6) hAyaNI, (7) prapaJcA, (8) prArabhArA, (9) munmukhI aura (10) zAyanI, unameM hone vAlI zArIrika sthitiyA~ evaM usake AhAra Adi ke bAre meM vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| striyoM ke durguNoM ko pratipAdita karane ke uparAnta anta meM dharma ke mAhAtmya ko sthApita kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha dhanapata siMha-murzidAbAda, bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI- ahamadAbAda, Agamodaya samiti, harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA evaM mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya- bambaI se mUla rUpa meM evaM devacandra lAlabhAI phaNDa se saMskRta, seThiyA pAramarthika saMsthA-bIkAnera se saMskRta, hindI; hembarga se saMskRta evaM Agama saMsthAna, udayapura se hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita hai| 25- candrakavedhyaka- isameM 175 gAthAe~ haiN| jaisAki isake nAma se spaSTa hai ki isa grantha meM AcAra ke jo niyama batAye gaye haiM unakA pAlana kara pAnA candrakavedha (rAdha-vedha) ke samAna hI kaThina hai| jisa prakAra pravINa dhanurdhArI yantra meM phiratI putalI kI A~kha bhedane meM samartha hai vaise hI apramatta sAdhaka durgati ko dUra haTA detA hai| isa grantha ke kartA ajJAta haiN| isake nimnalikhita prakAzita saMskaraNa haiM-- bAbU dhanapata siMha-murzidAbAda, harSa puSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya se mUla, kesarabAI jJAnamandira, pATaNa se saMskRta, perisa se aMgrejI, kalApUrNasUri se gujarAtI evaM Agama saMsthAna, udayapura se hindI anuvAda ke saath| 26- gaNividyA- isameM 86 gAthAe~ haiN| isake racanAkAra ajJAta haiN| isa prakIrNaka kA paricaya nandIsUtracUMrNi meM isa prakAra hai- gaNa arthAt bAla aura vRddha muniyoM kA gaccha; vaha gaNa jisake niyantraNa meM hai vaha gaNi; vidyA kA artha hai jnyaan| jyotiSa-nimitta viSaya ke

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prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana : 55 jJAna se dIkSA, sAmAyika vratopasthApanA, zruta sambandhita uddezya samudeza kI anujJA, gaNa kA AropaNa, dizA kI anujJA tathA kSetra se nirgamana aura praveza Adi kArya jisa tithi, karaNa, nakSatra, muhUrta aura yoga meM karane ke liye nirdeza jisa adhyayana meM hai, vaha gaNividyA hai|11 prastuta grantha meM divasa, tithi, nakSatra, karaNa, graha, muhUrta, zakunabala, lagnabala aura nimittabala-ina nau viSayoM kA vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha prakIrNaka mUlarUpa meM bAbU dhanapata siMha-murzidAbAda, bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI-ahamadAbAda, Agamodaya samiti, harSa puSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA tathA mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya se mUla, hembarga se saMskRta aura Agama saMsthAna udayapura se hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita hai| 27- RSibhASita- prastuta prakIrNaka 45 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai| ina paiMtAlisa adhyAyoM meM se pratyeka meM eka RSi kA upadeza saGkalita hai| isa prakAra yaha grantha paiMtAlIsa RSiyoM ke upadezoM kA saGkalana hai| jisa adhyAya meM jisa RSi kA upadeza hai vaha adhyAya unhIM ke nAma se hai| ye paiMtAlIsa adhyAya yA RSi nimna haiM (1) devarSi nArada, (2) bajjIyaputta (vAtsIya putra), (3) asitadevala, (4) aMgirasa bhAradvAja, (5) puSpazAla putra, (6) balkalacIrI, (7) kumbhAputra, (8) ketalIputra, (9) mahAkazyapa, (10) tetalIputra, (11) maMkhaliputra, (12) yAjJavalkya, (13) metejja bhayAli, (14) bAhuka, (15) madhurAyana, (16) zoryAyaNa, (17) vidura, (18) vAriSeNakRSNa, (19) AriyAyana, (20) utkaTa, (21) gAthApatiputra taruNa, (22) gardabhAli, (23) rAmaputra, (24) harigiri, (25) ambaDa parivrAjaka, (26) mAtaGga, (27) vAstava, (28) Ardraka, (29) varddhamAna, (30) vAyu, (31) arhatpArzva, (32) piMga, (33) mahAzAlaputra aruNa, (34) RSigiri, (35) uddAlaka, (36) nArAyaNa, (37) zrIgiri, (38) sAriputra, (30) saMjaya RSi, (40) dvaipAyana RSi, (41) indranAga, (42) soma, (43) yama, (44) varuNa aura (45) vaishrmnn| prastuta prakIrNaka prAcInatama hai| isakA nAma nirdeza samavAyAGga meM bhI prApta hotA hai| aba taka isake prakAzita saMskaraNa haiM- mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya evaM RSabhadeva kesarImala, ratalAma se mUla tathA lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda se saMskRta, aMgrejI tathA sudharmajJAna mandira, bambaI evaM prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura se hindI anuvAda ke saath| 28- dvIpasAgaraprajJapti- prastuta prakIrNaka meM 225 gAthAe~ haiN| isake kartA ajJAta haiN| isameM manuSya kSetra arthAt DhAI dvIpa ke Age ke dvIpa evaM sAgaroM kI saMracanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM mAnuSottara parvata, nalinodaka Adi sAgara, nandIzvara dvIpa, aMjana parvata, dadhimukha parvata, ratikara parvata, kuNDaladvIpa, kuNDala parvata, kuNDala samudra, rUcaka dvIpa, rUcaka naga, rUcaka naga ke kUTa, dizA kumAriyAM evam unake sthAna, diggajendra, jambUdvIpa Adi dvIpa aura lavaNa samudra Adi samudroM ke adhipati deva, tegicchI parvata evaM camaracaMcA

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56 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka rAjadhAnI kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakIrNaka ke prakAzita saMskaraNa haiMmahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya se mUla tathA candanasAgara jJAna bhaNDAra, baijalapura evaM Agama saMsthAna, udayapura se hindI anuvAda ke saath| 29- vIrastava- prastuta prakIrNaka meM 43 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM mahAvIra kI stuti unake chabbIsa nAmoM dvArA kI gayI hai| prathama gAthA meM maGgala aura abhidheya hai| tatpazcAt mahAvIra ke chabbIsa nAmoM ko ginAyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM- (1) arUha, (2) arihanta, (3) arahanta, (4) deva, (5) jiNa, (6) vIra, (7) paramakAruNika, (8) sarvajJa, (9) sarvadarzI, (10) pAraga, (11) trikAlavid, (12) nAtha, (13) vItarAga, (14) kevalI, (15) tribhuvana guru, (16) sarva, (17) tribhuvana variSTha, (18) bhagavan, (19) tIrthaGkara, (20) zakra-namaskRta, (21)jinendra, (22) varddhamAna, (23) hari, (24) hara, (25) kamalAsana, aura (26) buddh| isake Age ina nAmoM kA anvayArtha kiyA gayA hai| inameM arihanta ke tIna arahanta ke cAra, bhagavAn ke do tathA zeSa ke eka-eka anvayArtha haiN| isa grantha ke prakAzita saMskaraNa haiM- harSa puSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA evaM mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya se mUla tathA Agama saMsthAna udayapura se hindI anuvAda ke saath| 30 - gacchAcAra- isa prakIrNaka meM 137 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha prakIrNaka cheda sUtroM ke AdhAra para racA gayA hai| yaha grantha Agama-vihita muni-AcAra kA samarthaka aura zithilAcAra kA virodhI hai| isa grantha kA ullekha sarvaprathama vidhimArgaprapA (jinaprabha, 14vIM zatAbdI) meM prApta hotA hai| isameM maGgala-abhidheya ke pazcAt unmArgagAmIgaccha meM saMvAsa se hAni, sadAcArIgaccha meM saMvAsa ke guNa, AcAryasvarUpa kA varNana, sAdhusvarUpa kA varNana, AryAsvarUpa kA varNana kara anta meM grantha kA upasaMhAra kiyA gayA hai| prastuta prakIrNaka ke prakAzita sAta saMskaraNa haiN| ye haiM- bAlAbhAI kakalabhAI, ahamadAbAda; Agamodaya samiti; harSa puSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA tathA mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya se mUla rUpa meM aura dayAvimala jaina granthamAlA se saMskRta, bhUpendra sAhitya samiti, Ahora se saMskRta evaM hindI tathA Agama saMsthAna udayapura se hindI anuvaadshit| 31 - sArAvalI- isameM 116 gAthAe~ haiN| isa grantha meM puNDarIka arthAt zatruJjaya tIrtha kA stavana kiyA gayA hai, isake prArambha meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa bhUmi para paJcaparameSThiyoM kA vicaraNa hotA hai, use deva aura manuSyoM ke lie pUjya mAnA jAtA hai| 12 dhAtakI khaNDa ke nArada RSi dakSiNa bharata kSetra meM sthita puNDarIka zikhara para devoM kA prakAza dekhakara puNDarIka zikhara kI pUjA kA kAraNa jJAta karane ke uddezya se atimuktaka kumAra ke pAsa jAte haiN| atimuktaka kumAra kevali se jijJAsA karane para ve isakI utpatti, pUjya hone aura puNDarIka nAma par3ane kA kAraNa batAte haiN| tIrthotpatti kI kathA ke pazcAt yahA~ siddha hone vAle aneka AtmAoM kA varNana hai| puNDarIka parvata kI mahimA, dAna arthAt jIva ke prati dayA kA phala, isameM dAna na dene se duHkha aura dAna dene se sukha kI prApti kA vivecana hai| anta

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prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana : 57 meM sArAvalI prakIrNaka ke lekhana kA phala batAyA gayA hai| isakA ekamAtra prakAzita saMskaraNa mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya ke paiNNayasuttAiM meM hai / 32- jyotiSakaraNDaka - isa prakIrNaka ke vRttikAra malayagiri kI vRtti ke antaHsAkSya se muni puNyavijaya jI ne niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki yaha pAdaliptAcArya kI racanA hai| isameM 405 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM jyotiSa sambandhI 23 adhikAra haiM, jo nimna haiM (1) kAla pramANa, (2) mAna adhikAra, (3) adhikamAsa niSpatti, (4) avamarAtra, (5-6) parva- tithi samApti, (7) nakSatra parimANa, (8) candra-sUrya parimANa, (9) nakSatra, candra, sUrya gati, (10) nakSatra - yoga, (11) maNDalavibhAga, (12) ayana, (13) AvRtti, (14) maNDala muhUrtagati, (15) RtuparimANa, (16) viSukta prAbhRta, (17) vyatipAtaprAbhRta, (18) tApa kSetra, (19) divasa - vRddhi hAni, (20) amAvasyA, (21) pUrNimA- prAbhRta, (22) praNaSTaparva evaM (23) pauruSI primaann| yaha grantha jainadharma prasAraka sabhA evaM RSabhadeva kesarImala, ratalAma se mUla evaM saMskRta vRtti ke sAtha prakAzita hai| 33 - titthogAlI- prastuta prakIrNaka kA ullekha sarvaprathama vyavahArabhASya (chaThI zatAbdI) meM prApta hotA hai| isakI kisI prati meM 1233 aura kisI meM 1261 gAthAe~ prApta hotI haiN| isameM vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva se lekara caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra taka ke vivaraNa ke sAtha hI bharata, airAvata Adi dasa kSetroM meM eka sAtha utpanna hone vAle dasa-dasa tIrthaGkaroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isameM utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI kAla aura usake chaH-chaH AroM kA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| avasarpiNI kAla meM pratyeka Are meM manuSyoM kI Ayu, zarIra kI zakti, U~cAI, buddhi, zaurya Adi kA kramaza: hAsa batalAyA gayA hai| grantha meM caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi zalAkApuruSoM ke pUrvabhavoM nAma, unake mAtA-pitA, AcArya, nagara Adi kA varNana hai / granthAnusAra jisa rAtri meM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra nirvANa ko prApta hue, usI rAtri meM pAlaka rAjA kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| isameM pAlaka, maruta, puSpamitra, balamitra, bhAnumitra, nabhaHsena, gardabha evaM duSTabuddhi rAjA ke janma evaM una sabhI ke rAjyoM kA varNana hai, jo itihAsa kI dRSTi se kAphI mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM jaina kalA, khagola, bhUgola kA bhI varNana hai| sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki zvetAmbara - paramparA meM yahI ekamAtra aisA grantha hai jisameM Agama jJAna ke kramika uccheda kI bAta kahI gayI hai / isameM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra se lekara bhadrabAhu svAmI tathA sthUlabhadra taka kI paTTa- paramparA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| anta meM bAraha AroM, vividha dharmopadeza aura siddhoM kA svarUpa vistRta rUpa se nirUpita hai| prastuta prakIrNaka mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya se mUla evaM kalyANavijayagaNi, jAlaura se hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita hai| 34- aGgavidyA-- bhAratIya vAGmaya meM yaha apane hI taraha kA grantha hai| isameM kula 9000 gra0 evaM 60 adhyayana haiN| isameM manuSya kI zArIrika kriyA va ceSTA ke AdhAra

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58 : zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka para phalAdeza diye gaye haiN| yaha mAnasa va aGgazAstra nimitta kI atidIrghakAya racanA hai| isake kartA ajJAta haiN| isa para haribhadra kI vRtti hai / isakA ekamAtra prakAzita saMskaraNa prAkRta grantha pariSad kA hai| pro0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne ( yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha) usakI bhUmikA meM isa para eka vistRta aura mahattvapUrNa lekha hai aura jo aGgavidyA ke sabhI pakSoM kA gambhIra vizleSaNa karatA hai| 35- ajIvakalpa*- yadyapi mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI se prakAzita paiNNayasuttAI kI prastAvanA meM 22 prakIrNakoM meM isakA nAma hai, parantu yaha mudrita nahIM haiN| anya koI dUsarA saMskaraNa bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi jaisalamera, pATaNa Adi bhaNDAroM meM isakI pratiyA~ haiN| isakA varNyaviSaya sAdhu-samAcArI (eSaNA samiti) hai| 36 - tithiprakIrNaka - jaina granthAvalI meM isakA pUnA meM upalabdha honA batalAyA gayA hai, para kahIM bhI isakI khoja nahIM kI jA sakI hai| - 37 - siddhaprAbhRta- vRtti sahita isakI mUla pratiyA~ khambhAta va jaisalamera ke bhaNDAroM prApya haiN| isakA saMskaraNa- AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara se bhI prakAzita hai| isameM 120 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM zIrSakAnusAra hI siddhoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 38 - aGgacUlikA-- isameM 800 granthAGka (zloka) haiN| yaha yazobhadra kI racanA hai| isakA ullekha ThANAGga, vyavahAra, nandIsUtra va pAkSikasUtra meM prApta hotA hai, para yaha abhI taka amudrita hai| isakI pratiyAM kaI grantha bhaNDAroM meM bhI upalabdha haiN| isameM sAdhu dvArA Agama svAdhyAya vidhi-niyama aura usakI viSayavastu kA varNana hai / upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI Adi ne isake AdhAra para sajjhAyoM kI racanA kI hai| 13 39- jIvavibhakti -- isameM 25 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha bhI abhI aprakAzita hai| isake kartA jinacandrasUri haiN| isameM zIrSakAnusAra thokar3e diye gaye haiN| 40- piNDavizuddhi- prastuta prakIrNaka AcArya jinavallabha kI kRti hai| isameM 103 gAthAe~ haiN| isa grantha meM sAdhu AhAra evaM samAcArI niyama kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa para yazodeva, udayasiMha, candrasUri evaM kanakakuzala kI vRtti hai| isake saMskaraNa-vijayadAna granthamAlA, sUrata se saMskRta, jinadattasUri jJAnabhaNDAra; mumbaI se gujarAtI evaM manamohana yazamAlA, mumbaI se saMskRta anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita haiN| 41 - baGgacUlikA- isameM 109 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha yazobhadra kI racanA hai| isakA ekamAtra saMskaraNa ke0ema0 maDayAtA, phalaudI se prakAzita hai| jauharImala pArakha ke isakA mudrita pATha santoSajanaka nahIM hai / 14 anusAra viSayavastu ke AdhAra para isakA nAma AjIvakalpa honA cAhiye / sampAdaka. *.

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prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana : 59 42- yoniprAbhRta- isake granthAGka 800 (zloka 32 akSara kA) haiN| yaha AcArya dharasena kI racanA hai aura zvetAmbaroM meM prakIrNaka rUpa meM mAnya hai| isakI ekamAtra tAr3apatrIya prati pUnA meM khaNDita avasthA meM hai| viSayavastu zIrSakAnusAra hai / 15 43 - jambUcaritaprakIrNaka--- isa nAma ke do grantha haiN| eka jambUsvAmI kA caritra hai, jo 31 adhyAyoM meM padmasundara dvArA saGkalita hai| bahuta se vidvAn ise hI prakIrNaka mAnane ke pakSa meM haiN| dUsarA grantha jambUprakaraNa yA jambUdvIpasamAsa ke nAma se milatA hai| isameM jambUdvIpa kA bhUgola hai| isakI kaI pratiyA~ vibhinna grantha bhaNDAroM meM haiN| isameM 127 mAthAe~ haiN| ina donoM meM se kisI kA mudraNa abhI taka nahIM huA hai| jinaratnakoza meM jambUcaritra ke tIna aura nAma milate haiM-- AlApakasvarUpa, jambUdRSTAnta aura jambU adhyayana, jo prakIrNaka hone ke dyotaka haiM / 16 uparokta 43 prakIrNakoM ke atirikta kucha aise prakIrNaka haiM jo vartamAna meM prApta nahIM haiN| yadyapi unake nAma yatra-tatra milate haiN| inakI saMkhyA 45 hai / inake nAma va pramANabhUta granthoM kA vivaraNa nimnaprakAra hai nAma 1 44- aruNopapAta 45- Atmavibhakti 46- Atmavizuddhi 47- utthAnazruta 48- AzI vibhAvanA 49- kalpAkalpa 50- kalpikA 51- kRtikarma 52 - kSullikAvimAnapravibhakti 53 - garur3opapAta 54 - caraNavidhi 55 - cAraNasvapnabhAvanA 56 - cullakalpazruta 57 - tejonisarga pramANabhUta grantha ThA0 naM0 pA0vya0 0 yoganandI pA0 pA0 naM, vya0, naM0 prA0 vya0 pA0, yoganandI naM0, pA0, dha0 naM0, pA0 dha0, 97 ThA0, naM0, pA0, vya0 ThA0, naM0, pA0, vya0 naM0, pA0 vya0, pA0, yoganandI naM0, pA0 vya0, pA0, yoganandI

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60 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 58- dIrghadazA ThA0 755 59- dRSTiviSabhAvanA vya0,pA0,yoganandI 60- devendropapAta vya0,naM0,pA0 61- dvigiddhidizA ThA0 755 62- dharaNopapAta vya0,naM0,pA0 63- dhyAnavibhakti naM0,pA0 64- nAgaparijJApanikA vya0,naM0,pA0 65- puNDarIka dha0 66- poruSImaNDala naM0,pA0 67- pramAdApramAda naM0,pA0 68- bandhadazA ThA0 755 69- maNDalapraveza naM0,pA0 70- maraNavizuddhi yoganandI 71- mahatIvimAnapravibhakti vya0,naM0,pA0,ThA0 72- mahAkalpazruta naM0,pA0,dha0 73- mahApuNDarIka dha0 74- mahAprajJApanA naM0,pA0 75- mahAsvapnabhAvanA vya0,pA0,yoganandI 76- varuNopapAta vya0,naM0,pA0,ThA0 77- vidyAcaraNavinizcaya naM0,pA0 78- vihArakalpa naM0,pA0 79- vItarAgazruta naM0,pA0 80- vRSNikA naM0,pA0,yoganandI 81- velandharopapAta vya0,naM0,pA0,ThA0 82- vainayika dha0

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prakIrNaka sAhitya : eka avalokana : 61 83- vaizramaNopapAta naM0,pA0,dha0,ThA0 84- viyAhacUlikA vya0,naM0,pA0,dha0,ThA0 85- saMkSapita dazA ThA0 755 86- saMgrahaNI vidhi0 87- samutthAnazruta vya0 ,naM0 ,pAM0, aura 88- saMlekhanA nN0,paa0| saMkSipta nAma saMketa-sUcI ThA0 = ThANAMga, naM0 = nandIsUtra, vya0 = vyavahAra, dha0 = dhavalA, vidhiH = vidhimArgaprapA, pA0 = pAkSikasUtra isa prakAra kula upalabdha aura anupalabdha (para pramANasahita) prakIrNakoM kI kula saMkhyA 88 hai| vartamAna meM zvetAmbara terApaMthI aura sthAnakavAsI sampradAya prakIrNakoM ko Agama-sAhitya ke antargata mAnya nahIM karate haiM tathA mUrtipUjaka sampradAya bhI kevala dasa prakIrNaka ko hI AgamoM ke antargata mAnya karatA hai| digambara sampradAya ke anusAra SaTkhaNDAgama aura kasAyapAhuDa ko chor3a zeSa AgamoM kA lopa ho cukA hai| ina paristhitiyoM meM prakIrNaka sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga upekSita rahA hai| kucha hI prakIrNakoM kA anuvAda sImita saMsthAnoM dvArA ho pAyA hai yadyapi isake bRhad adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai| RSibhASita para jarmanI se prakAzita saMskaraNa meM zubriga ne isakI bhUmikA meM isake aitihAsika mahattva para prakAza DAlA hai| pro0 sAgaramala jaina ne bhI apanI pustaka RSibhASita : eka adhyayana meM bhI jaina-sAhitya ke aitihAsika vikAsakrama meM prastuta prakIrNaka kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA ko ujAgara kiyA hai| inakI viSayavastu ke adhyayana se lagatA hai ki aGga AgamoM kI apekSA sAdhanA kI dRSTi se ye kAphI mahattvapUrNa hai| prakIrNakoM ke adhyayana kI dizA meM koI prayAsa na hone kI vajaha se inameM se adhikAMza naSTa hone ke kagAra para haiM yA ho gaye haiN| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki ina prakIrNakoM ke khoja, sampAdana, prakAzana, pATha kI prAmANikatA, hindI sahita vibhinna bhASAoM meM anuvAda tathA isake gambhIra samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kI bRhada yojanA banAkara isa dizA meM kArya ho| philahAla Agama, ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna udayapura dvArA prakIrNakoM ke hindI anuvAda kA kArya hAtha meM liyA gayA hai lekina inake viSaya kI vyApakatA ko dekhate hue isa dizA meM aura bhI prayAsa hone kI jarUrata hai jisase jaina-prAkRta-sAhitya aura isa prakAra bhAratIya sAhitya ke eka pakSa ko samagratA meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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62 : sandarbha - sUcI 1. samavAyAGga, sampAdaka - madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara 1982 IsvI, samavAya 84. 2. vahI, samavAya 14. 3. pro0 sAgaramala jaina evaM sureza sisodiyA, sampA0- prakIrNaka sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, udayapura 1996 IsvI, pR0 2. 4. zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 5. 6. 7. 8. dhavalA, pustaka 13, khaNDa 5, bhAga 5, sUtra 48, pR0 276, uddhRta jainendrasiddhAntakoza bhAga 4, pR0 70. vahIM, pR0 70. draSTavya, sandarbha kramAMka 3. nandisUtracUrNi, ahamadAbAda, 1966 I0, pR0 58; nandisUtravRtti, pR0 72; pAkSikasUtravRtti, patra 95. sirivIrabhaddAyariyaviraiyA 'ArAhaNApaDAyA', paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga 2, gAthA 894-903. 9. vahI, gAthA 904-921. 10. 'devendrastava', paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga 1, gAthA 21-66. 11. dekheM- gaNivijjApainnaya, saMpA0- pro0 sAgaramala jaina Agama saMsthAna. , 12. nandIsUtracUrNi, pR0 58. 13. sArAvalI, paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga 1, pR0 350, gAthA 1-6. 14. prakIrNaka sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, pR0 74. 15. vahI, pR0 75. 16. vahI, pR0 75.

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jaina saMskRti meM paryAvaraNa-cetanA vidyAvAcaspati DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva .. 'paryAvaraNa' zabda 'vAtAvaraNa' kA hI paryAyavAcI hai, jisakA sAmAnya artha hotA haiAsa-par3osa kI paristhiti athavA Asa-pAsa kA prisr| pRthvI, parvata, vAyu, jaMgala, per3a-paudhe yA vanaspati, jIva-jantu, pazu-pakSI Adi se milakara hI paryAvaraNa banA hai| paryAvaraNa kA jIvana se abhinna sambandha hai| kahanA to yaha cAhie ki paryAvaraNa hI jIvana hai| jaina saMskRti mUlata: ahiMsAvAdI saMskRti hai| isalie jainazAstra meM jIva-hiMsA kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM SaTjIvanikAyoM kA varNana hai| ve SaT zrIvanikAya nimna haiM- 1. pRthvIkAya, 2. apakAya, 3. agnikAya, 4. vAyukAya, 5. kAspatikAya aura 6. trskaay| trasakAya ke bhI cAra vibhAga haiM- 1. deva, 2. nAraka, 3. manuSya aura tiryaJca (pshu-pkssii)| apane hI karmoM se jIvAtmA manuSya-yoni se cyuta hokara vanaspati-yoni meM bhI jAtI hai| ... vanaspati bhI jIva haiM, isalie use 'vanaspatikAyika jIva' kahate haiN| isI se usakA kATanA-chA~TanA Adi kArya jaina-saMskRti meM varjita hai| isa dRSTi se jaina-saMskRti meM paryAvaraNa kI cetanA, jainadharma jaba se astitva meM AyA, taba se vikasita-vivardhita rahI hai| . mUlAcAra (vaTTakera, IsA pA~cavI-chaThI zatI) nAmaka AcAra-pradhAna grantha meM likhA hai ki vanaspati aikendriya jIva haiN| isakI naseM nahIM dikhAyI pdd'tiiN| yaha haritakAya hai| ise zrIva-svarUpa jAnakara isake kRntana-rUpa hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| jainAcAra meM haritakAya ber3a-paudhoM kI TahanI ko tor3anA bhI manA hai| phaloM meM bhI kacce phaloM ko tor3anA manA hai, jo phala pakakara svayaM girate haiM, ve hI grAhya haiM, kyoMki ve acitta (ajIva) aura anavadya hote haiN| jaina cintakoM ne paryAvaraNa kI rakSA kI dRSTi se vanaspati ko jIva mAnakara usa para dayAbhAva rakhane kA Adeza diyA hai| IsavI-san kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatI ke mahAn kathAkAra AcArya saMghadAsagaNi ne apanI prAkRta-kathAkRti vasudevahiNDI ke 'bandhumatI lambha' meM *. pI0ena0 sinhA kaoNlonI, bhikhanApahAr3I, paTanA-800 006

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64 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka likhA hai ki jainadharma kA mUla jIvadayA hai| saMsArI manuSya kanda, mUla, phUla, phala aura patte kA upabhoga dvArA prAya: vanaspati-kAyika jIvoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAte haiN| Agama-pramANa se vanaspatiyoM ko jIva mAnakara una para zraddhA rakhanI caahie| __manuSya viSayopalabdhi ke krama meM jisa prakAra apanI pA~coM jJAnendriyoM se zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza kA anubhava karate haiM, usI prakAra vanaspati-jIva bhI janmAntara-kriyAoM kI bhAvalabdhivaza apanI sparzendriya se viSaya kA anubhava karate haiN| vanaspati-kAyika jIvoM ke lie bhI kisI labdhi-vizeSa se viSaya kI upalabdhi kI bAta kahI jAtI hai| jaise- megha kA garjana sunakara aGkura yA praroha Adi kA udgama hotA hai jisase vanaspati-kAyika jIvoM kI zabdopalabdhi kI sUcanA milatI hai| Adhunika vaijJAnikoM kI bhI yaha mAnyatA hai ki reDiyo Adi kI madhura AvAja ke sunane se phasaloM ko saMvarddhana prApta hotA hai| isase bhI vanaspati meM zabda kI upalabdhi kI zakti vidyamAna rahane kI sUcanA milatI hai| sAtha hI, isase prasiddha vaijJAnika jagadIzacandra basu ke, vanaspatiyoM meM bhI manuSya kI taraha jaivika cetanA rahane ke siddhAnta kA samarthana hotA hai| - aura phira, vRkSa Adi kA sahArA pAkara bar3hane vAlI latA Adi ko rUpa kI upalabdhi DAlane hai| isI prakAra, dhUpa dene se vanaspati-jIva ko gandha kI upalabdhi hotI hai tathA pAnI DAlane se Ikha Adi vanaspati ko rasa kI upalabdhi hotI hai aura praroha, jar3a Adi kATa dene se utpanna sikur3ana se vanaspati kI spopalabdhi kI sUcanA milatI hai| punaH rAtri meM kamala Adi ke pattoM yA daloM ke simaTane se unakI nIMda kA saMketa prApta hotA hai aura prAta: daloM ke khulane se unake jAgane kI sthiti dyotita hotI hai aura phira, kavi-prasiddhi ke anusAra, striyoM ke nUpurayukta pairoM ke AghAta se azoka Adi per3oM ke vikasita hone kI jAnakArI milatI hai aura isI prakAra, asamaya meM phUla-phala ke udgama se saptaparNa vanaspati kI harSAnubhUti kA bodha hotA hai| AcArya saMghadAsagaNi sakala vanaspati meM jIva kI siddhi ko pramANita karate hue kahate haiM-- jisa prakAra eka se adhika indriyoM vAle jIva utpanna hote haiM, bar3hate haiM tathA khAda Adi ucita poSaNa prApta hone se snigdha kAnti vAle, balasampanna, niroga evaM AyuSyavAna (dIrghAyu) hote haiN| puna: khAda Adi ke abhAva yA kupoSaNa se kRza, kSINa, durbala aura rugNa hokara mara jAte haiM, usI prakAra kevala eka indriya (sparzendriya) se yukta vanaspati jIvoM meM utpatti aura vRddhi kA dharma dRSTigata hotA hai| isI prakAra ve vanaspati-jIva mIThe pAnI se siktA hone para bahata phala dene vAle, cikane pattoM se suzobhita, saghana aura dIrghAyu hote haiM aura phira, tIte, kar3ave, kasaile tathA khaTTe jala se sIMcane para vanaspati-jIvoM ke patte murajhA jAte haiM yA pIle par3a jAte haiM yA rukhe aura sikur3e hue ho jAte haiM tathA phalahIna hote haiM aura anta meM ve mara jAte haiN| isa prakAra ke kAraNoM se unameM jIva hai, aisA mAnakara unakI ucita

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jaina saMskRti meM paryAvaraNa-cetanA : 65 rIti se sevA aura rakSA karanI caahie| bhAratIya saMskRti meM vRkSapUjA ko atizaya mahattva diyA gayA hai| lokajIvana meM pIpala aura baragada to viziSTa rUpa se pUjita haiN| vivAha-saMskAra ke avasara para Ama-mahuA byAhane kI bhI cirAcarita prathA milatI hai| 'dhAtranavamI' kA nAmakaraNa usa tithi ko dhAtrIvRkSa (A~valA kA per3a) pUjane kI vizeSa prathA ko saMketita karatA hai, to 'vaTasAvitrIvrata' (jyeSTha amAvasyA) ke dina bhAratIya sadhavA striyA~ baragada ko pati kA pratinidhi mAnakara usakI pUjA karatI haiN| vaidika matAnusAra pIpala yA azvattha to sAkSAt trideva (brahmA, viSNu yA kRSNa aura maheza) kA hI pratirUpa hai| mUlatobrahmarUpAya madhyato vissnnuruupinne| agrataH zivarUpAya azvatthAya namo nmH|| yahA~ azvattha ko pradhAna vRkSa mAnakara upalakSaNa rUpa meM azvattha kA nAma liyA gayA hai| sabhI vRkSoM kI sthiti yA mahimA azvattha jaisI hI hai| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavyavaidika vijJAna aura bhAratIya saMskRti, ma0ma0 paM0 giridhara zarmA caturvedI, pR0 247. gItA meM kRSNa ne kahA bhI hai ki 'azvattha: sarvavRkSANAm' (10.26) arthAt vRkSoM meM yadi kRSNa kI vyApakatA ko mAnA jAya, to vaha azvattha haiN| yahA~ taka ki avyayAtmA azvattha vRkSa meM hI samasta saMsAra ke AvAsita rahane kI bhAratIya mithaka cetanA yA parikalpanA kA bhI apanA mUlya hai| vaTa-vRkSa kI pUjA se sAvitrI-satyavAn kI prasiddha paurANika AdarzakathA ke jur3e rahane kI bAta sarvavidita hai| somavArI amAvasyA ko azvattha-pradakSiNA kI lokaprathA bhI bhAratIya jIvana kI dharmaniSTha saMskRti ko sUcita karatI hai| bodhivRkSa ke nIce buddha ko jJAnalAbha hone ke kAraNa bauddhoM meM azvattha kI pUjyAtizayatA sarvasvIkRta hai| sandhughATI sabhyatA meM azvattha vRkSa kA mahattva vahA~ se prApta aneka mudrAoM tathA pAtrakhaNDoM para aMkita vRkSoM se prakaTa hotA hai| bhArata ke prAcIna sAhitya meM vRkSotsava kI gaNanA aneka lokapracalita utsavoM meM kI gayI hai, jinameM kAminiyA~ vividha krIr3Ae~ karatI thiiN| zAla-bhaMjikA-krIr3A meM isake sAkSya upalabdha haiN| zAlavana kI carcA jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM samAna bhAva se milatI hai| bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti kI bRhatkathA vasudevahiNDI meM vRkSoM ke varNana-krama meM kathAkAra AcArya saMghadAsagaNi ne apane sUkSmatama prAkRtika aura zAstra-gambhIra adhyayana kA paricaya diyA hai| vasudevahiNDI meM upalabdha vanoM aura vanaspatiyoM kI bahuvarNI udbhAvanAe~ paryAvaraNa-cetanA ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se apanA pAryantika mahattva rakhatI haiN| vasudevahiNDI meM saMghadAsagaNi dvArA upanyasta vRkSa-varNanoM meM vRkSoM ko pUjanIyatA aura mahattA kA vinyAsa to haA hI hai, paryAvaraNa-cetanA bhI samAhita ho gayI hai| kathAkAra ne paryAvaraNa ke mahattva kI dRSTi se upayogI vRkSoM meM zAla, sahakAra, tilaka, kurabaka, zallakI, campaka, azoka,

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66 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka kamala, kumuda, kunda, gandharvadattA, labhya punnAga, panasa, nAlikera, pArApata, bhavyagaja, namerUka (vegavatI lambha), saptavarNa, tindUsaka (bAlacandrAlambha), vilva (priyaMgusundarIlambha), akSoTa (akharoTa), priyAla (ciraujI), kola (bera), tinduka, iMguda, kasAra-nIvAra (ketumatI-lambha) Adi kA ullekha to kiyA hI hai, vizeSa vanaspatiyoM meM kalpavRkSa, nandivatsa, citrarasa aura raktAzoka (caityavRkSa) kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| ___ kathAkAra ne kamala ke phUloM, kadalIvRkSa aura kusumita azokavRkSoM kA to bAra-bAra citraNa kiyA hai| kintu, caityavRkSa ke sandarbha meM raktAzoka kI adhika carcA kI hai aura ise kalpavRkSa ke samAna kahA hai| ara svAmI nAma ke aTThArahaveM tIrthaGkara ne jaba mahAbhiniSkramaNa kiyA thA, taba unakI zivikA meM kalpavRkSa ke phUla saje the aura una para bhaure guMjAra kara rahe the tathA usake gumbada meM vidruma, candrakAnta, padmarAga, aravinda, nIlamaNi aura sphaTika jar3e hue the| arasvAmI usa zivikA para savAra hokara sahasrAmravana padhAre aura vahA~ sahakAravRkSa (AmravRkSa) ke nIce Akara baitthe| unake baiThate hI tatkSaNa AmravRkSa maMjariyoM se muskarA uThA, koyala mIThI AvAja meM kuMkane lagI aura kAle bhaure guMjAra karane lge| isa prakAra sahasrAmravana kA pradUSaNa-mukta paryAvaraNa samasta prANI-mAtra ke lie Anandaprada ho uThA (ketumtiilmbh)| __ jaina cintakoM ne paryAvaraNa kI surakSA kI dRSTi se vanaspati jIvoM kI rakSA para vizeSa vicAra kiyA hai aura vanaspati ke prakAroM kA vaijJAnika adhyayana kiyA hai| gommaTasAra (AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI, IsA kI 10vIM zatI) meM vanaspati para vicAra karate hue likhA hai ki vanaspati ke kaI prakAra hote haiN| jaise- kucha vanaspatiyAM mUlabIjAtmaka hotI haiM, to kucha skndhbiijaatmk| isI prakAra, kucha vanaspatiyA~ 'bIjaruhA' hotI haiM, to kucha 'smmuurchim'| jina vanaspati-jIvoM kA mUla hI bIja hotA hai, ve 'malabIja' kahe jAte haiM (jaise- adarakha, haldI aadi)| jinakA (vanaspati-jIvoM) agrabhAga hI bIja hotA hai, arthAt TahanI kI kalama lagAne se ve utpanna hote haiM, 'agrabIja' kahalAte haiM aura parva (gA~Tha yA pora) hI jinake bIja hote haiM, ve 'parvabIja' haiM (jaise- Ikha, beMta aadi)| puna: jo vanaspati-jIva kanda se utpanna hote haiM, ve 'kandabIja' mAne jAte haiM (jaise- AlU, ola Adi) isI prakAra jo vanaspati-jIva skandha se utpanna hote haiM, ve 'skandhabIja' haiM (jaise- kaTahala, dhatUrA Adi) aura phira, jo vanaspati-jIva se utpanna hote haiM, ve bIjaruha' haiM (jaise- cAvala, gehU~, arahara Adi); kintu ina sabase bhinna jo vanaspati-jIva niyata bIja Adi kI apekSA ke binA kevala miTTI aura jala ke sambandha se utpanna hote haiM, ve 'sammUrchima' kahalAte haiM (jaisephaphUMda, kAI, sevAra aadi)| uparyukta vivaraNa se vanaspati-jIva kI vyApakatA kI sUcanA milatI hai| isalie, per3a kATane kI bAta to dUra, patte aura TahanI taka tor3anA bhI paryAvaraNa kI prarakSA kI dRSTi se anucita hai, jIva-vadha ke samAna krUra kArya hai| Aja pattala aura datuvana ke nAma para paryAvaraNa ke pramukha upakaraNa vanaspati kA nitya hI mahAvinAza ho rahA hai| jaina cintakoM ne isa ora

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jaina saMskRti meM paryAvaraNa-cetanA : 67 prArambha se hI dhyAna diyA hai| isIlie unhoMne paryAvaraNa kI zuddhatA ke lie vanaspatiyoM ko surakSita rakhanA anivArya smjhaa| bhale hI unake cintana meM prANivadha yA hiMsA kI dRSTi se vanaspati ke kRntana-chedana Adi kArya sarvathAniSiddha the, parantu isake mUla meM paryAvaraNa kI cetanA antarnihita rhii| jaina-saMskRti meM paryAvaraNa-cetanA kI dRSTi se caityavRkSoM ko paryApta mUlya diyA gayA hai| azoka, saptaparNa, campaka aura Amra, ye cAra vRkSa caityavRkSa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| jainadarzana ke antargata jIva-tattva meM jalakAya aura vAyukAya kI gaNanA se spaSTa hai ki jaina cintakoM kA dhyAna paryAvaraNa ke viziSTa tattva vanaspati ke sAtha hI jala aura vAyu kI ora bhI thaa| ve paryAvaraNa kI vizuddhi ke lie use jala-pradUSaNa aura vAyu-pradUSaNa se vimukta rakhane ke pakSapAtI the| vAyu-pradUSaNa se hI dhvani-pradUSaNa ko bhI abhivyaMjanA hotI hai| isa prakAra, paryAvaraNa kI rakSA aura usakI vizuddhi kI dRSTi se jaina-saMskRti meM vana aura vanaspati ke mahattva kI vizad carcA milatI hai| vanaspati, pazu-pakSI evaM manuSya eka hI cetanA ke rUpa-bheda haiN| yahA~ taka ki samaSTayAtmaka cetanA ke rUpabheda kI dhAraNA ke AdhAra para saMghadAsagaNi ne jainadarzana kI mAnyatA ke pariprekSya meM ekendriya jIva ke zarIra rUpa vanaspati meM jIvasiddhi kA sAgraha varNana kiyA hai| ataeva vanaspati ke jIva hone ke kAraNa hI jainadharma meM sarvaprakAra kI kaccI vanaspati kI abhakSyatA meM paryAvaraNa kI vividha pradUSaNoM se prarakSA aura vanaspatiyoM athavA per3a-paudhoM kI astitva-rakSA kA bhAva nihita hai| kahanA na hogA ki jainazAstra yA tadanuvartI jaina saMskRti meM paryAvaraNa ke mUlabhUta vana aura vanaspati ke sambandha meM bahuta gambhIratA se vaicArika vivecana hai, jo apane ApameM eka svatantra vanaspatizAstra kI mahimA kA bakhAna karatA hai| isa sandarbha meM vizeSa jJAtavya ke lie gommaTasAra (nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI), sarvArthasiddhi (pUjyapAda), SaTkhaNDAgama (puSpadaMta-bhUtabali) kI dhavalA TIkA (vIrasena), rAjavArtika (akalaMkadeva), lATIsaMhitA (rAjamalla) Adi granthoM kA anuzIlana apekSita hai| . ahiMsAvAdI jainadharmI zramaNoM aura zrAvakoM kA AcaraNa paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa ke anukUla hai, jisake udAtta aura vistRta varNana meM samagra jaina vAGmaya prakhara bhAva se mukharita hai, vizeSatayA jaina-sAhitya aura darzana meM paryAvaraNa-cetanA ke citraNa meM upasthApita vana aura vanaspati ke bahukAzIya AyAmoM kA samudbhAvana huA hai|

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pAdaliptasUri racita - 'taraMgavaIkahA' (taraMgavatIkathA) vedaprakAza garga kathA-sAhitya cirantanakAla se lokaraJjana evaM manoraJjana kA mAdhyama rahA hai, ata: isakA pravAha cirakAla se satat pravahamAna hai| isa vizAla bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya meM jaina-kathA-granthoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha jaina kathA-sAhitya atyanta samRddha hai| jaina-sAhitya meM kathA kI paramparA ati prAcIna hai aura vaha prAkRta, saMskRta se hotI huI apabhraMza taka AyI hai| jainAgamoM meM jahA~ choTI-choTI aneka prakAra kI kahAniyA~ dRSTigata hotI haiM, vahA~ jainAgamoM ke niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi evaM TIkA-granthoM meM to apekSAkRta vikasita kathA-sAhitya ke darzana hote haiN| jaina kathAkAroM ne aneka pRthak - kathA granthoM kA bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM praNayana kiyA hai| . jaina racanAkAroM ne janasAdhAraNa meM pracArAtmaka dRSTi se nAnAprakAra kI manoraJjaka kathAoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| ye kathA-grantha saMskRta ke vAsavadattA, dazakumAracarita Adi laukika-kathAoM ke samAna hI haiN| unameM aitihAsika, anaitihAsika, dhArmika evaM laukika Adi kaI prakAra kI kathAe~ samAviSTa haiN| inameM kisI lokaprasiddha pAtra ko kathA kA kendra banAkara vIra va zRGgArAdi rasoM kA AsvAdana karAtA huA lekhaka sabakA upasaMhAra vairAgya evaM zama (zAnta rasa) meM kara detA hai| inameM pUrva bhavoM kI aneka adbhuta kathAe~ aura avAntara kathAoM kA tAnA-bAnA bunA rahatA hai arthAt jainoM dvArA pAtroM ke AdhAra se divya, mAnuSa evaM mizra kathAe~ likhI gayI haiN| ukta kathAoM kA uddezya jaina-vicAra rUpa meM vrata, upavAsa, dAna, parva, tIrtha, tathA karmavAda evaM saMyama Adi ke mAhAtmya ko prakaTa karanA hai| isa dRSTi se yadyapi ve AdarzonmukhI haiM; kintu phira bhI jIvana ke yathArtha dharAtala para TikI huI haiM aura unameM sAmAjika jIvana kI vividha bhaMgimAoM ke darzana hote haiN| kathAnaka kI dRSTi se ukta kathAoM kA kSetra bar3A vyApaka hai| unameM sabhI prakAra kI kathAoM ko sthAna milA hai, jo ghaTanA bahula haiN| jaina-kathAoM kI paramparA meM siddharSikRta upamitibhavaprapaJcakathA, dhanapAlakRta tilakamaJjarI, pAdaliptakRta taraMgavatI, saMghadAsagaNikRta vasudevahiNDI, haribhadrakRta samarAiccakahA aura udyotanasUrikRta kuvalayamAlAkahA Adi vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| prastuta lekha meM taraMgavaIkahA (taraMgavatIkathA) ke sambandha meM carcA hai| *. 14 khaTIkAna, mujaphpharanagara, u0pra0, 251002

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pAdaliptasUri racita 'taraMgavaIkahA' (taraMgavatIkathA) : 69 2 taraMgavaIkahA prAkRta-kathA-sAhitya kI sabase prAcIna kathA hai| isa nAma kI premakathA kA ullekha anuyogadvArasUtra, ' 'dazavaikAlikacUrNi' tathA 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' meM milatA hai| nizIthacUrNi meM taraMgavatI ko lokottara dharmakathA kahA hai| udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA meM isa kathA kI prazaMsA kI hai| ise vahA~ saMkIrNa kathA kahA gayA hai|" isI prakAra dhanapAla kavi ne tilakamaJjarI meM, 6 lakSmaNagaNi ne supAsanAhacariya' meM tathA prabhAcandrasUri ne prabhAvakacarita' meM taraMgavatI kA sundara zabdoM meM smaraNa kiyA hai| taraMgavatI apane mUla rUpa meM aba upalabdha nahIM hai, hA~, usakA saMkSipta rUpa 1643 gAthAoM meM 'taraMgalolA' nAma se upalabdha hai| isake racanAkAra hAikapurIya gacchIya nemicandragaNi kA kathana hai ki taraMgavatI bahuta bar3A grantha thA aura isakI kathA adbhuta thii| yaha vairAgyamUlaka eka premakAvya hai| taraMgavatIkathA ke racayitA pAdaliptasUri the| unakA janma kozala meM huA thaa| unakA pUrva nAma nAgendra thA, sAdhu ho jAne para 'pAdalipta' nAma huaa| ve jainadharma ke eka prasiddha evaM prAcIna AcArya the aura sAtavAhananareza hAla kI rAjasabhA meM sammAnita kavi the| udyotanasUri ne bhI kuvalayamAlA kI prastAvanA-gAthAoM meM inheM rAjA sAtavAhana kI goSThI kI zobhA kahA hai| eka kiMvadantI ke anusAra ve ujjayinI ke rAjA vikrama ke samakAlIna the| vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya cauthI zatI se pUrva nizcita kiyA hai| inakA vizeSa paricaya prabhAvakacarita meM diyA gayA hai|" pro0 lAyamana ne taraMgavaI kA racanA - kAla IsvI san kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI svIkAra kiyA hai| taraMgalolA ko saMkSipta taraMgavatI" bhI kahate haiM aura isameM kathAvastu cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai candanabAlA ke netRtva meM sAdhvI saMgha meM suvratA AryA thI, jo atirUpavatI thii| use apane rUpa-saundarya kA garva thA, vaha eka zrAvikA ko apanI jIvanakathA kahatI hai-- pUrva bhava meM vaha eka dhanI vaNik kI sundarI putrI thii| eka dina vaha upavana meM krIr3A karane gayI, to sarovara meM haMsa-mithuna ko dekhakara use apane pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho AyA, jabaki vaha svayaM haMsinI thI, usake pati haMsa ko kisI vyAghra ne mAra DAlA thaa| vaha bhI usake prema ke kAraNa usake sAtha jalakara mara gayI thii| yaha yAda karake use mUrcchA A gayI / yahIM se prema aura viraha kI jAgRti hotI hai| saceta hone para vaha apane priyatama kI khoja meM nikala pdd'ii| usane eka sundara citrapaTa banAyA, jisameM haMsa yugala kA jIvana citrita thA / isakI sahAyatA se usane aneka vipattiyA~ sahane ke bAda apane pUrvajanma ke pati ko DhUMr3ha liyaa| isa prakAra use apane iSTa kI prApti hotI hai| vaha aura usakA premI gandharva vivAha bandhana meM ba~dhate haiN| paradeza meM bhaTakate hue ve kAlI

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70 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka devI kI bali car3hAne ke saMkaTa meM par3a jAte haiN| kisI prakAra unakA bacAva hotA hai| mAtA-pitA unheM khoja kara unakA vidhivat vivAha kara dete haiN| eka samaya vasanta Rtu meM vana-vihAra karate samaya unheM usa jaina muni se upadeza sunane ko milA jo ki pUrvabhava meM nara haMsa ko mArane vAlA vyAghra thaa| usase prabhAvita hokara unheM saMsAra se virakti ho jAtI hai aura anta meM ve donoM pravajyA lekara jainadharma svIkAra karate haiN| anta meM suvratA kahatI hai, vahI taraMgavatI maiM suvratA AryA huuN| ukta AtmakathA uttama puruSa meM varNita evaM adbhuta zRGgAra-kathA hai, jisakA anta dharmopadeza meM huA hai| isameM karuNa-zRGgArAdi aneka rasoM, prema kI vividha paristhitiyoM, caritra kI U~cI-nIcI avasthAoM, bAhya tathA atasaMgharSa kI sthitiyoM kA bahuta svAbhAvika aura vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai| kAvya-camatkAra aneka sthaloM para milatA hai| bhASA pravAhapUrNa evaM sAhityika hai| dezI zabdoM aura pracalita muhAvaroM kA acchA prayoga huA hai| sandarbha 1. draSTavya sUtra 130, uddhRta- jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRtasAhitya kA itihAsa, dvi0saM0, vArANasI 1985 I0, pR0 323. 2. draSTavya 3, pR0 109, uddhRta, vahI, pR0 323. 3. draSTavya gAthA 1508, uddhRta, vahI, pR0 323. taraMgalIlA kI bhUmikA meM uddhRta, pR0 7. kuvalayamAlA, pR0 3, gAthA 20. tilakamaJjarI, zloka 23. 7. supAsanAhacariya, pUvvabhava, gAthA 9. 8. kisI-kisI ne isa kathA kA nAma 'taraMgalolA' likhA hai| 9. . prabhAvakacarita, pR0 28-40. isake racayitA vIrabhadra AcArya ke ziSya nemicandragaNi haiM, jinhoMne mUla kathA ke lagabhaga 1000 varSa bAda yaza nAmaka apane ziSya ke lie ise likhA thaa| nemicandra ke anusAra pAdalipta ne taraMgavatI kI racanA dezI bhASA meM kI thI, jo adbhuta rasasampanna evaM vistRta thI aura kevala vidvadyogya thI (lekhaka ke sambandha meM anya vRtta ajJAta hai)| jarmana vidvAn arnesTa lAyamana ne isakA jarmana bhASAntara prakAzita kiyA hai| isa bhASAntara kA gujarAtI anuvAda bhI pahale patrikA meM aura bAda meM pustaka rUpa meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| 10.

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nATyazAstra evam abhinavabhAratI meM zAnta rasa DaoN. madhu agravAla bhAratavarSa meM IsA kI kaI zatAbdiyoM pUrva se hI nATyakalA pUrNatayA vikasita avasthA meM vidyamAna rahI hai| yaha bAta rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata evaM pAtaJjala mahAbhASya se prApta sAkSyoM se spaSTa hotI hai| bharata ne isa nATyakalA ko zAstra kA suvikasita evaM vaijJAnika rUpa pradAna kiyA hai jo nATyazAstra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| nATyazAstra meM upalabdha sAkSyoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki bharatoM kI eka paramparA vidyamAna rahI hai aura usI gauravazAlI paramparA kI zAsvata sAdhanA kA pariNAma hai nATyazAstra / nATyazAstra bhAratIya nATyakalA kA anupama grantharatna hai| ise mAtra nATyakalA kA hI nahIM apitu bhAratIya kalAoM kA koza kahA jAtA hai| isa grantha para vibhinna TIkAyeM racI gayIM jinameM se ekamAtra upalabdha TIkA abhinavabhAratI ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| isake racanAkAra abhinavagupta haiN| abhinavabhAratI svayaM TIkA grantha hote hue bhI apane prakANDa pANDityapUrNa vivecana ke kAraNa svatantra nATyazAstrIya grantha ke samAna hI mahattvapUrNa hai| nATyazAstra evaM abhinavabhAratI meM rasaniSpatti, rasoM kI saMkhyA, unake nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra Adi bAtoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| prastuta Alekha meM vidvAn lekhikA ne ukta granthoM meM zAntarasa kI abhineyatA, pratipAdana aura vizvazAnti hetu usakI upAdeyatA kI carcA kI hai| sampAdaka - nATya meM zAnta rasa kI sthiti ke sambandha meM mataikya nahIM hai / nATyazAstra ke prApya do saMskaraNoM meM 'zAnta' kA navama rasa ke rUpa meM varNana hai; kintu kAzI saMskaraNa meM zAnta ke atirikta ATha rasoM kA hI vivecana hai| isa zAstra ke vibhinna saMskaraNoM ke isa pAThabheda ke AdhAra para isa zAstra meM bhI zAnta rasa kI sthiti AzaGkAyukta hai|' abhinavagupta ne vaikalpika pAThoM ko prastuta karake nATyazAstra meM zAnta rasa ko navama rasa mAnakara 9 rasoM kI sthiti nATya meM svIkAra kI hai / 3 apanI mAnyatA ke samarthana meM pramANa prastuta karate hue abhinavagupta ne likhA hai ki * rIDara, saMskRta-vibhAga, rAnI bhAgyavatI devI snAtakottara mahilA mahAvidyAlaya, . bijanaura, uttara prdesh| patra-vyavahAra hetu patA- 17, AvAsa vikAsa, bijanaura /

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zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka itihAsa, purANa, abhidhAna-koza Adi meM nava rasoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zrImatsiddhAntazAstra meM bhI nava rasoM kA siddhAnta prApta hai- 'AThoM devatAoM ke zRGgArAdi kA pradarzana kare aura unake bIca meM mahAdeva ke zAnta rUpa kI racanA kare / '4 72 : isa prakAra mokSarUpa adhyAtma kA kAraNa tattvajJAna rUpa hetu se yukta aura niHzreyas rUpa phala se yukta zAntarasa samajhanA cAhie / " inhoMne zAnta rasa ko anya saba rasoM kA mUla (prakRti) batAyA hai / 6 10 hemacandra, 11 12 bhAnudatta, 13 mammaTa, 14 16 18 rudraTa, 17 rudrabhaTa, rAmacandra-guNacandra, 7 vizvanAtha, 8 vidyAnAtha, 9 bhoja, udbhaTa, agnipurANakAra, 15 paNDitarAja jagannAtha, zAnta ko navama rasa mAnane ke pakSadhara haiN| inake viparIta dhanaJjaya, 19 dhanika, 20 zAradAtanaya 21 evaM daNDI 22 zAnta rasa ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| draSTavya yaha hai ki dhanaJjaya, dhanika evaM zAradAtanaya zAnta rasa ko anabhineya mAnakara mukhyataH nATakAdi meM isakI sattA kA virodha karate haiN| DaoN0 rAghavana kA kathana hai ki alaGkArazAstra ke AcArya daNDI ke samaya 7vIM zatAbdI taka ATha hI rasoM kI vidyamAnatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| navama zAnta rasa ko inake pazcAt mAnyatA prApta huI / 23 isa sandarbha meM kAlidAsa dvArA vikramorvazIya meM bharata muni ke nAmollekha sahita ATha rasoM se yukta nATaka kA ullekha hamArA dhyAna isa tathya kI ora AkarSita karatA hai ki inake samaya meM bharatasammata ATha rasoM kI hI sattA svIkArya thI / 24 sAgaranandI 25 evaM ziGgabhUpAla 26 ne bhI mAtra ATha hI rasoM kA nATya hetu vivecana kiyA hai| zAnta rasa ke sambandha meM inakA mauna dhAraNa nATya meM zAnta rasa kI sthiti ko na mAnane kA pakSa prastuta karatA hai / sAgaranandI ne apane siddhAnta pakSa ko prastuta karane se pUrva prAya: bharata ke nATyazAstra kI kArikAoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| yadyapi pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha sambhAvanA adhika prabala hai ki nATyazAstra meM pahale ATha hI rasoM kA vivecana rahA hogA tathA navama zAnta rasa kA zloka prakSipta ho sakatA hai; kintu phira bhI vartamAna samaya meM nATya paramparA meM zAnta rasa kA aGgIrasa ke rUpa meM citrita karane vAlI nATyakRtiyoM adhyAtmakalpadruma, 27 saGkalpasUryodaya, 28 zAriputraprakaraNa, 29 prabodhacandrodaya 30 ityAdi kI lambI sUcI prApya honA hI isa tathya ko pramANita kara detA hai ki nATya meM bhI zAnta rasa kI sthiti ho sakatI hai evaM yaha pUrNatayA abhineya hai| DaoN0 rAghavan ne 'da nambara oNfa rasAz2a' meM zAnta rasa pradhAna nATakoM ke nAma uddhRta kiye haiM / 31 DaoN0 kRSNamAcArI ne bhI zAntarasa ke rUpakoM ko ullikhita kiyA hai / 32 isa prakAra upalabdha pramANa nATya meM zAnta rasa kI sthiti siddha karate haiN| zRGgAra aura vIra ke sadRza nATakoM meM zAnta rasa bhI aGgI rasa ke rUpa meM abhineya hai|

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nATyazAstra evam abhinavabhAratI meM zAnta rasa : 73 zAnta rasa ke abhinaya ke vipakSa meM dhanika33 evaM zAradAtanaya34 kA yaha kathana hai ki abhinayAtmaka nATaka Adi meM 'zama' kA abhinaya kiyA jAnA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki 'zama' kI avasthA meM samasta vyApAroM evaM ceSTAoM kA vilaya ho jAtA hai| abhinavagupta ne zAnta rasa ke samarthakoM ke AdhAra para usakA nirUpaNa evaM zAnta rasa ke virodhI AcAryoM ke isa prakAra matoM evam AzaGkAoM ko prastuta karake unako asvIkArate hue nATya meM zAnta rasa ko abhineya siddha kiyA hai|35 dhvanyAloka para apanI locana TIkA meM inhoMne bharata ke 'kvacit zamaH' ityAdi kathana ko zAnta rasa ke pramANa rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai|36 inake mata meM dharmAdi cAra puruSArthoM meM mokSa bhI hai| nATya lokavRttAnucarita hai aura mokSarUpa puruSArtha kA sAdhana isa loka meM aneka mahApuruSa karate haiN| ata: zAnta rasa kA bhI abhinaya sambhava hai|37 zAradAtanaya, dhanika Adi dvArA ceSTAoM ke vilaya ke kAraNa jo zAnta rasa ko anabhidheya kahA gayA hai- isa tarka kA khaNDana karate hue abhinavagupta kA kathana hai ki ceSTAoM kA vilaya to parAkASThA hai aura paryanta bhUmi meM kevala zAnta rasa hI vyApAra-zUnya aura anabhineya nahIM hai apitu rati aura zokAdi kA bhI paryanta dazA meM anabhineyatva hI parAkASThA pradarzana hetu ucita hai| isa sthiti meM jaba zRGgAra, karuNa Adi ko rasa mAnate haiM to zAnta ko bhI mAnanA yuktisaGgata hai|38 paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne zAnta rasa kA virodha karane vAle AcAryoM ke tarkoM ko pUrvapakSI ke rUpa meM prastuta karake inakA yuktipUrvaka khaNDana karate hue nATya meM zAnta rasa kA honA aucityapUrNa kahA hai|39 bhUdeva ne bhI inakA samarthana kiyA hai|40 zAnta rasa ke abhinaya meM pUrNa zamana ke pradarzana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, apitu svabhAvagata zAnti laukika sukha-duHkha ke prati virAga ke pradarzana se hI zAnta rasa abhineya hai| abhinavagupta kA samarthana karate hue DaoN0 AnandaprakAza dIkSita kA vicAra hai ki pAtra ke antaHsaGgharSa ko prakaTa karate hue satyaprApti athavA AtmajJAnopalabdhi ke liye kiye gaye prayatnoM kA pradarzana hI zAnta rasa ko upasthita kara sakatA hai|41 harSa ke nAgAnanda nATaka meM bhI tapovana Adi ke prasaGga meM zAnta rasa prApya hai| nATyazAstra kI prati meM prApya zAnta rasa ke svarUpa ke AdhAra para zAnta rasa kA varNana isa prakAra hai 'zama' sthAyI bhAva vAlA aura mokSa meM pravRtta karane vAlA zAnta rasa hotA hai|42 zAnta rasa ke sthAyI bhAva ke sambandha meM bhI do pakSa haiN| bharata kA samarthana karate hue abhinava,43 rAmacandra-guNacandra,44 vizvanAtha,45 vidyAnAtha,46 hemacandra47 Adi zama ko hI sthAyI bhAva mAnate haiM, jabaki mammaTa,48 paNDitarAja jagannAtha49 evaM bhUdeva50 zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva 'nirveda' mAnane ke pakSadhara haiN| yadyapi 'zama' aura 'niveda' eka hI prakAra kI cittavRtti ke dyotaka haiN| phira bhI 'nirveda' kI utpatti dAridrya se bhI sambhava hone evaM isameM

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74 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka sarvavRtti-virAga kI jhalaka evaM abhAva ke sthAyitva ke na hone ke kAraNa 'zama' ko sthAyI bhAva evaM 'nirveda' ko vyabhicArI bhAva mAnA jAnA hI ucita hai|51 abhinavagupta ke mata meM tattva-jJAna se utpanna nirveda 'zAnta rasa kA sthAyI bhAva evaM anya kAraNoM se utpanna hone para yaha vyabhicArI bhAva hotA hai|52 zAnta rasa ke uddIpana vibhAva-tattvajJAna, vairAgya, cittazuddhi Adi haiN|53 rAmacandra-guNacandra54 ne yatkiJcit parivartana ke sAtha yahI uddIpana batAye haiM; kintu sAhityadarpaNakAra55 ne puNyAzrama, harikSetra, tIrtha, ramaNIka vanAdi evaM mahApuruSoM kA saGgAdi uddIpana vibhAvoM ko ullikhita kiyA hai| yama, niyama, adhyAtma, jJAna, dhyAna, dhAraNA, upAsanA, sabhI prANiyoM ke prati dayA, pravrajyA-grahaNa Adi anubhAvoM dvArA isakA abhinaya kiyA jAtA hai|56 vyabhicArI bhAva-nirveda, smRti, dhRti, sarvAzrama zauca, stambha, romAJca Adi haiN|57 zAnta rasa kI abhineyatA ke sandarbha meM nIce kucha udAharaNa 'nAgAnanda' se uddhRta haiN| nATyakRtiyoM meM se nAgAnanda meM zAnta rasa prApya hai| prathamAGka meM jImUtavAhana ke nirveda vyaJjaka vacanoM meM,58 surabhita homagandha se yukta tapovana ke varNana meM59 zAnta rasa kI pratIti hotI hai| tapovana ke prazAnta vAtAvaraNa kA varNana karate hue jImUtavAhana kahatA hai ki yaha tapovana kitanA prazAnta evaM ramaNIya hai, jahA~ prasanna munigaNa saMdigdha vedamantroM kA vicAra kara rahe haiM, jahA~ par3hate hue vidyArthIgaNa gIlI samidh ko tor3a rahe haiM aura jahA~ tApasoM kI kanyAeM choTe-choTe paudhoM ke AlabAla ko jala se bhara rahI haiN|60 isa sthala para Alambana vibhAva, cittazuddhi, vanagamana, malayaparvata, tapovana Adi uddIpana vibhAva; jJAna-dhAraNA, sabhI prANiyoM ke prati dayA Adi anubhAva tathA nirveda, dhRti Adi vyabhicArI bhAvoM se puSTa zAnta rasa hai| ___ prathama aGka meM jImUtavAhana ke "tiSThan bhAti pituH puro ......'61 ityAdi zloka meM jImUtavAhana rAjya-sukhAdi kI apekSA mAtA-pitA kI sevA meM sukha-zAnti kI anubhUti kA kathana karatA hai| ata: isameM zAnta rasa kI pratIti hotI hai| isa sthala para Alambana jImUtavAhana, uddIpana jImUtavAhana kI cittazuddhi, anubhAva, niyama evaM jImUtavAhana kI sukha kI anubhUti kA kathanAdi tathA dhRti evaM zauca vyabhicArI bhAva haiN| jImUtavAhana ke 'tattvajJAnajanya nirveda ko dhotita karane vAle nimnalikhita kathanoM meM bhI 'zAntatA' abhivyakta ho rahI hai 'sarvAzuci ...... pApAni kurvte||'62 evaM 'medo'sthimAMsa ...... sadA viibhtsdrshne||'63

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nATyazAstra evam abhinavabhAratI meM zAnta rasa : 75 isa prakAra harSa ke nAgAnanda nATaka meM dayA vIra rasa ke aGgI rasa ke rUpa meM citraNa hote hue bhI zAnta Adi anya rasa isake aGga rasa haiN| prathamAGka meM zAnta aura zRGgAra ke virodha kA-- 'aho gItam, aho vaaditm||' ityAdi se madhya meM adbhuta rasa kA saJcAra hone se virodha parihAra ho gayA hai| 'udAttatA' guNa nAyaka meM utkRSTa rUpa meM vidyamAna hai tathA 'prazAntatA' usakA sAmAnya guNa hai| ataeva isa nATaka meM zAnta rasa aGgI na hokara gauNa rasa hai| adhyAtmakalpadruma, saGkalpasUryodaya, zAriputraprakaraNa, prabodhacandrodaya ityAdi nATyakRtiyoM meM nATyazAstra evam abhinavabhAratI meM varNita zAnta rasa kA aGgI rasa ke rUpa meM citraNa hai| isa prakAra kI nATyakRtiyoM aura nAgAnanda ke zAnta rasa ke abhineya hone ke darzAye gaye udAharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki nATya meM zAnta rasa pUrNa abhineya rasa ke rUpa meM svIkArya hai| vartamAna vizva azAnti kI paristhitiyoM meM 'zAnta rasa' kI pradhAnatA vAle nATyakRtiyoM kI AvazyakatA hai tAki mAnava mana hiMsA vRtti se virata ho| dRzyakAvya meM abhinaya ko dekha va sunakara dRzya-zravya hone ke kAraNa mAnava manovijJAna ke phalasvarUpa dRSTA raGgamaJca para upasthita pAtra se apanA tAdAtmya sthApita karake dekhane lagatA hai aura pravacanoM, pustakoM Adi ke mAdhyama se prastuta kI gayI satyatA ko bhI utane prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se samajhanA nahIM cAhatA hai, jitanA pratyakSa meN| dRzyamAn kAvya kA maJcIkaraNa pAtroM ke mAdhyama se mana kI komala bhAvanAoM ko udvelita karane va isake phalasvarUpa mana parivartana karane meM sakSama hai| . __ata: vizva-zAnti hetu prayAsarata pratyeka prANI kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha isa prakAra ke sAhitya ke maJcana aura avalokana meM ruci le| yadi hama racanAkAra haiM aura bhArata kI bhAvI pIr3hI kI zAnti kI kAmanA rakhate haiM to hamArA yaha uttaradAyitva bana jAtA hai ki nAgAnanda kI bhA~ti AdhunikatA se pUrNa vilAsI jIvana ko dikhAkara zAnta rasa kA saJcAra karane vAlI nazvara jIvana kI satyatA ko prastuta karake mana parivartana kA udAharaNa vividha rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA jAya tAki pAzcAtya sabhyatA se prabhAvita, bhAratIya saMskRti se pUrNa parAGgamukha, jIvana ke anta samaya kI satyatA se pare rahane vAle bhAratIyajanoM kI vicAradhArA meM parivartana sambhava ho sake aura vaha hiMsA vRtti se vimukha hokara ahiMsA, Atmazuddhi, Atmacintana, tapa, svAdhyAya, tyAga, balidAna Adi jIvanamUlyoM kI ora unmukha hoM va aise udAharaNa prastuta kareM ki garuDa sadRza ucchRGkhala, krUra va hiMsaka vyavahAra karane vAle, dUsaroM kI hatyA se akAraNa Anandita hone vAle vizva bhara ke AtaGkavAdiyoM ke lie anUThI hRdaya parivartana kI bhUmikA nibhA skeN| sadA se zAnti kI khoja meM bhArata kI ora dRSTi rakhane vAle pAzcAtya zAnti premiyoM ko uparyukta AnupAtika dRSTAntoM ke upalabdha hone para yahA~ ke vAtAvaraNa se nirAzA hAtha

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76 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka nahIM lagegI aura vizva zAnti ke kArya meM bhI bhArata pUrva kI bhAMti apAra zAnti kA sandeza dene vAlA deza hai, isI rUpa meM puna: khyAta hogaa| sandarbha-sUcI 1. surendranAtha dIkSita, bharata aura bhAratIya nATyakalA, prathama saMskaraNa, rAjakamala prakAzana, dillI, 1974 I0, pR0 242. nATyazAstra, sampA0- ema0 rAmakRSNakavi, bhAga 1, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, kramAMka 36, bar3odarA, 1926 I0, bhUmikA, pR0 52; nagendra, rasa-siddhAnta, tRtIya saMskaraNa, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, 1974 I0, pR0 237; gaNapaticandra gupta, rasa-siddhAnta kA punarvivecana, prathama saMskaraNa, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, 1960 I0, pR0 20. tena prathamaM rsaaH| te ca nv| zAntApalApinasvaSTAviti tatra ptthnti| abhinavabhAratI, nATyazAstra, bhAga 1, pR0 612. itihAsapurANAbhidhAnakozAdau ca nava rasAH zrUyante shriimtsiddhaantshaastressvpi| tathA coktam 6. poM 'aSTAnAmiha devAnAM zRGgArAdIn prdrshyet| madhye ca devadevasya zAntaM rUpaM prklpyet||' abhinavabhAratI, nATyazAstra, bhAga 1, pR0 339-40. abhinavabhAratI, nATyazAstra, bhAga 1, pR0 339-40. pUrvokta, pR0 339-40. 7. sNsaarbhy-vairaagytttvshaastrvimrshnaiH| zAnto'bhinayanaM tasya kSamA dhyaanopkaartH|| nATyadarpaNa, 3/176. 8. na yatra duHkham ...... samapramANaH, ityevaMrUpasya zAntasya ....... yuktaviyuktadazAyAmavasthito yaH zamaH sa eva yt:| rasatAmeti tadasmin saJcAryAdeH sthitizca na viruddhaa|| sAhityadarpaNa, 3/250 evam pR0 277, pAda TippaNI. 9. pratAparudrIya, pR0 260-261. 10. V. Raghvan, The Number of Rasas, Adyar, 1990, p. 124-125. bhoja zRGgAraprakAza, jilda 2, pR0 438. 11. kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/pR0 106. 12. rasataraGgiNI, pR0 161.

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nATyazAstra evam abhinavabhAratI meM zAnta rasa : 77 13. kAvyaprakAza, 4/47. 14, kAvyAlaGkAra saMgraha, 4/4. 15. agnipurANa, 339/zloka 9. 16. rasagaGgAdhara, 1/pR0 132-135. 17. kAvyAlaGkAra, 12/2-3 18. zRGgAratilaka, 1/9. 19. zamamapi kecitpAhuH puSTirnATyeSu naitsy|| dazarUpaka, 4/35. 20. dazarUpaka, 4/35 para dhanika vRtti. 21. bhAvaprakAza, 1, pR0 26. 22. kAvyAdarza, 2/292. 23. V. Raghvan, The Number of Rasas, Adyar, 1940 A.D., p. t. 24. muninA bharatena yaH prayogo bhavatISvaSTarasAzrayo niyuktH| lalitAbhinayaM matamatbhartAmarUtA dRSTumanA: slokpaalH|| vikramorvazIyam, 2/18. 25. nATakalakSaNaratnakoza, pR0 183-190. 26. rasAvarNasudhAkara, 2, pR0 104-119. 27. sundarasUri, adhyAtmakalpadma. 28. veMkaTanAtha, saGkalpasUryodaya. 29. azvaghoSa, zAriputraprakaraNa. 30. kRSNamizra, prabodhacandrodaya. 31. V. Raghvan, The Number of Rasas, Adyar, p. 36-41. 32. Krishnamachari, History of Classical Samskrit Literatue, p. 676-685. 33. sarvathA nATakAdAvabhinayAtmani sthAyitvamasmAbhiH zamasya nissidhyte| tasya samasta vyaapaarprvilyruupsyaabhinyaayogaat| dazarUpaka, 4/35, dhanika-vRtti 34. vilIna sarvavyApAra: zamaH sthAyI bhvedytH|| ato'nubhAvarAhitvAnna nATye'bhinayo bhvet| tasmAdvRddhaprayogeNa rasa poSo na jaayte|| tato'STau sthAyino bhAvA nATyasyaivopa yoginH| bhAvaprakAza, 1/ pR0 26. 35. abhinavabhAratI, nATyazAstra, bhAga 1, pR0 330 se Age.

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78 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 36. pratIyata eveti muninA'pyagIyata eva 'kvacicchamaH' ityAdi vdtaa| dhvanyAloka locana, pR0 391. 37. atrocyate- iha tAvaddharmAditritayamiva mokSo'pi purussaarthH| ... mokSAbhidhAnaparamapuruSArthocitA cittavRttiH kimiti rasatvaM nAnIyata iti vktvym| abhinavabhAratI, nATyazAstra, bhAga 1, pR0 333. 38. rati zokAdAvapi paryantadazAyAmaprayogasyaiva yuktvaat| hRdayasaMvAdo'pi tathAvidhatattvajJAnabIjasaMskArabhAvitAnaM bhavatyevA tadvakSyati- 'mokSe cApi viraaginnH'| abhinavabhAratI, nATyazAstra, bhAga 1, pR0 333 aura Age. 39. rasagaGgAdhara, 1, pR0 132-135. 40. rasavilAsa, pR0 8-9 (prathamastavaka), premalatA zarmA 41. AnandaprakAza dIkSita, rasa-siddhAnta svarUpa-vizleSaNa, pR0 279. 42. atha zAnto nAma zamasthAyibhAvAtmako mokssprvrtkH| nATyazAstra, adhyAya 6, pR0 332. 43. abhinavabhAratI, nATyazAstra, adhyAya 6, pR0 332 aura Age. 44. nATyadarpaNa, 3/176, vRtti-paM0 4 45. sAhityadarpaNa, 3/245. 46. pratAparudrIya, pR0 167. 47. kAvyAnuzAsana, 2/17. 48. kAvyaprakAza, 4/47 49. rasagaMgAdhara, 1, pR0 143. 50. rasavilAsa, pR0 26. 51. pUrvokta, pR0 26 52. abhinavabhAratI, nATyazAstra, adhyAya 6. 53. sa tu tattvajJAnavairAgyAzayazuddhayAdibhirvibhAvaiH smutpdyte| nATyazAstra, 6, pR0 332. 54. nATyadarpaNa, 3/176. 55. sAhityadarpaNa, 3/247-248 56. tasya yamaniyamAdhyAtmadhyAnadhAraNopAsanasarvabhUtadayAliGgagrahaNAdibhiranubhAvairabhinayaH pryoktvyH| nATyazAstra, 6, pR0 332-33; nATyadarpaNa, 3/176, vRtti paM0 5-6.

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nATyazAstra evam abhinavabhAratI meM zAnta rasa : 79 57. vyabhicAriNazcAsya nirvedasmRtidhRtisarvA zramazaucastambharomAJcAdayaH / nATyazAstra, adhyAya 6, pR0 333; nATyadarpaNa, 3/176 vRtti paM0 7; sAhityadarpaNa, 3 / 249. 58. nAgAnanda, 1 / 7, 1, pR0 18-19. 59. vahI, 1/11-12. 60. vahI, 1/11 ke pazcAt gadyakhaNDa. 61. vahI, 1 / 7. 62. vahI, 4/7. 63. vahI, 5/24.

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mokSamArga meM samyagdarzana kI bhUmikA DaoN0 kamalezakumAra jaina jainadharma ke anusAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ye tInoM milakara mokSa ke mArga athavA mokSa-prApti ke upAya haiM, svatantra rUpa se eka-eka athavA inameM se kinhIM do-do kA jor3A-vizeSa nhiiN| phira bhI ina tInoM meM samyagdarzana pramukha hai, kyoMki isake binA zeSa jJAna aura cAritra samyaka nahIM hote haiN| samyagdarzana ho jAne para usa samyagdRSTi jIva-vizeSa ke jJAna aura cAritra bhI samyak ho jAte haiN| samyagdarzana ke hone para samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra bhajanIya hai| ve ho bhI sakate haiM aura nahIM bhI, kintu samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke ho jAne para samyagdarzana niyama se hotA hai, isameM jarA bhI sandeha nahIM hai| samyakcAritra ke binA mukti sambhava nahIM hai aura samyakcAritra samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAnapUrvaka hotA hai| ataH samyagdarzana hI mokSa rUpI bhavya prAsAda kA mUlAdhAra hai| hama cAheM to ise hI mokSa-prApti meM hetubhUta bhUmi bhI kaha sakate haiM aura 'bhUmiriva bhUmikA' arthAt samyagdarzana rUpI bhUmi hI mokSamArga kI bhUmikA kahI jA sakatI hai| zramaNa-paramparA ke pramukha AcArya kundakunda ne daMsaNapAhuDa meM likhA hai ki dasaNabhaTTA bhaTTA daMsaNabhaTTassa Natthi nnivvaannN| sijjhaMti cariyabhaTThA saNabhaTThA Na sijhNti|| arthAt jo samyagdarzana se bhraSTa haiM ve bhraSTa hI haiN| darzana se bhraSTa jIvoM ko nirvANa kI prApti nahIM hotI hai aura jo cAritra se bhraSTa haiM ve prayAsapUrvaka siddhi ko prApta kara sakate haiM, kintu darzana se bhraSTa jIva kabhI bhI siddhi ko prApta nahIM kara sakate haiN| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki AcArya kundakunda ne isa gAthA meM samyagdarzana se rahita jIva kI mukti kA uttarottara jora dete huye tIna bAra niSedha kiyA hai| isase yaha to nizcita hai ki samyagdarzana se bhraSTa jIva anantAnanta kAla meM bhI mukti ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| *. jainadarzana prAdhyApaka, rIDara evaM adhyakSa, jaina-bauddhadarzana vibhAga, saMskRtavidyA dharmavijJAna saGkAya, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI

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mokSamArga meM samyagdarzana kI bhUmikA : 81 AcAryoM ne samyagdarzana ko AdhAra banAkara do dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA haiprathama yaha ki jo jIva samyagdarzana se rahita haiM unheM anantakAla taka kyA prApta nahIM hotA hai aura dvitIya yaha ki jo samyagdarzana se yukta hote haiM unheM vartamAna bhava aura AgAmI bhavoM meM kyA-kyA prApta hotA hai| arthAt eka niSedhaparaka dRSTi aura dUsarI vidhiparaka dRsstti| uparyukta gAthA meM AcArya kundakunda kI dRSTi niSedhaparaka hai| unhoMne eka hI gAthA meM sampUrNa jinavANI kA sAra nicor3akara kaha diyA ki- anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura anantavIrya ke nidhAna svarUpa mokSa ko samyagdarzana se rahita jIva trikAla meM bhI prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| dUsarI ora jo jIva samyagdarzana ko prApta kara letA hai usakI kauna-kauna zreSTha upalabdhiyA~ hotI haiM aura vaha kauna-kauna durgatiyoM se baca jAtA hai, isakI zAstroM meM sAra rUpa meM carcA kI gayI hai| jisa samyagdarzana kI itanI mahimA hai usakA sarvaprathama yahA~ lakSaNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| mahAn tArkika AcArya samantabhadra ne samyagdarzana kA lakSaNa karate huye kahA hai ki- tIna mUr3hatA aura ATha madoM se rahita tathA ATha aGgoM sahita sacce deva, sacce zAstra aura sacce guru kA zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai| yahA~ saccA deva vahI hai jo vItarAgI ho, sarvajJa ho aura hitopadezI ho| aise Apta ke mukha se nikalI vANI saccA zAstra hai aura tadanukUla AcaraNa karane vAlA mahAn vyakti saccA guru hai| ina tInoM para zraddhAna karanA, sAtha hI lokamUr3hatA, devamUr3hatA aura gurumUr3hatA tathA jJAnAdi madoM se rahita honA samyagdarzana hai| vibhinna AcAryoM ne bhinna-bhinna anuyogoM kI dRSTi se samyagdarzana ke pRthak-pRthak lakSaNa prastuta kiye haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne bhUtArtha se abhijJAta jIvAdi sAta tattvoM evaM puNya-pApa-- isa prakAra nau padArthoM ke zraddhAna ko samyagdarzana kahA hai| AcArya amRtacandrasUri ne Atmavinizciti arthAt AtmapratIti ko samyagdarzana kahA hai| isI bAta ko mahAkavi daulatarAma ne 'paradravyana taiM bhinna Apa meM ruci samyaktva bhalA hai' ina zabdoM meM duharAyA hai| anyatra sva aura para ke zraddhAna ko samyagdarzana kahA hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki prathamAnuyoga aura caraNAnuyoga meM samyagdarzana kA jo svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai vaha prAyaH eka sA hai| ina donoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| kyoMki ina donoM meM sacce deva, zAstra aura guru para zraddhAna karanA tathA bhaya, AzA, sneha aura lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara kuguru, kudeva aura kuzAstra para zraddhAna na karanA samyagdarzana kahA gayA hai| dravyAnuyoga kI apekSA tattvArtha ke zraddhAna ko samyagdarzana kahA hai, jisakA pratipAdana AcArya kundakunda evaM umAsvAmI Adi ne kiyA hai| caraNAnuyoga aura

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82 44 zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka dravyAnuyoga kI apekSA se samyagdarzana ke jo pRthak-pRthak lakSaNa kahe gaye haiM, unameM bheda yaha hai ki caraNAnuyoga gRhIta mithyAtva ke tyAga kI bAta karatA hai aura dravyAnuyoga para-padArthoM ke prati Atmabuddhi rUpa jo anAdikAlIna agRhIta mithyAtva hai usake tyAga kI carcA karatA hai| karaNAnuyoga kI apekSA mithyAtva, samyag -mithyAtva, samyaktva prakRti aura anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobha- ina sAta prakRtiyoM ke upazama, kSayopazama athavA kSaya se hone vAle zraddhAguNa kI svAbhAvika pariNati ko samyagdarzana kahA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne samyaktva ke upazama, kSayopazama aura kSAyika rUpa tIna bheda batalAye haiN| unameM se kSAyika samyaktva kI vizeSatA batalAte huye unhoMne likhA hai ki- isake hone para yaha chUTatA nahIM hai aura jIva usI bhava athavA tIsare yA cauthe bhava meM niyama se mukti ko prApta kara letA hai| isa niyama kA kabhI ullaGghana nahIM hotA hai| ataH kSAyika samyagdarzana mokSa mArga meM vizeSa rUpa se kAryakArI hai| mokSamArga aura usake phala meM antara hai| mokSamArga sAdhana hai aura mokSa usakA phala hai| isIliye AcArya kundakunda ne niyamasAra meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa ratnatraya ko mokSamArga kA upAya yA sAdhana tathA nirvANa ko usakA phala batalAte huA likhA hai maggo maggaphalaM ti ya duvihaM jiNasAsaNe samakkhAdaM / maggo mokkhaDavAo tassa phalaM hoi NivvANaM / / isa prakAra vividha anuyogoM kI apekSA se samyagdarzana ke aneka lakSaNa zAstroM meM batalAye gaye haiM, kintu yathArthata: vicAra kiyA jAye to una sabhI kA paryavasAna eka hai, kendrabindu eka hai aura vaha hai jIva ko nirvANa rUpa phala kI prApti karAne meM sahAyaka honA / bhinna-bhinna anuyogoM meM pratipAdita samyagdarzana ke bhinna-bhinna lakSaNa hote huye bhI una sabhI kA lakSya jIva kI mukti ke liye Avazyaka bhUmikA taiyAra karanA hai / ataH niSkarSa ke rUpa meM jinendra varNI kA yaha kathana yathArtha hai ki-samyagdarzana ke lakSaNoM meM svAtma-saMvedana pradhAna hai, kyoMki binA isake tattvoM kI zraddhA Adi akiJcitkara hai| samyagdarzana ke ukta lakSaNoM se itanA to nizcita hai ki mokSAbhilASI jIva ko sarvaprathama samyagdarzana kI prApti ke liye prayatna karanA cAhiye, kyoMki vahI mokSamArga kA mUlAdhAra hai| mithyAtva se grasta citta vAlA vyakti manuSya hokara ke bhI pazu ke samAna AcaraNa

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mokSamArga meM samyagdarzana kI bhUmikA : 83 karatA hai aura samyagdarzana sampanna pazu bhI manuSya ke samAna AcaraNa karatA hai| naratve'pi pazUyante mithyaatvgrstcetsH| pazutve'pi narAyante smyktvyktcetsH|| sAgAradharmAmRta, 1/4. jaise zarIra meM do hAtha, do paira, eka mastaka, eka hRdaya, eka pITha aura eka nitamba- ye ATha aGga hone para zarIra pUrNa mAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI samyagdarzana ke ni:zaGkita, ni:kAGkSita, nirvicikitsA, amUr3hadRSTi, upagUhana, sthitikaraNa, vAtsalya aura prabhAvanA- ye ATha aGga hone para samyagdarzana pUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| yadi inameM se koI eka bhI aGga rahita samyagdarzana ho to vaha aGgahIna samyagdarzana saMsAra paramparA ko chedane meM vaise hI samartha nahIM hai jaise nyUnAkSaroM vAlA mantra viSa-vedanA ko naSTa karane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai| __yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki jaba dharasenAcArya ke pAsa puSpadanta evaM bhUtabali nAmaka munidvaya adhyayanArtha gaye the to AcAryazrI ne una muniyoM kI parIkSA ke liye nyUnAkSaroM aura adhikAkSaroM vAlA mantra dekara vidyAdeviyA~ siddha karane ke liye prerita kiyA thA, kintu mantrAkSaroM meM nyUnAdhikatA hone se ve manidvaya vidyAdeviyoM kI siddhi karane meM saphala nahIM huye the| ata: yahI bAta aGgahIna samyagdarzana ke sambandha meM bhI kahI ____ cANDAla jaise nimna kula meM paidA hone para bhI yadi koI jIva samyagdarzana se sampanna ho jAtA hai to vaha Adara kA pAtra hai, jAti kA vahA~ koI bandhana nahIM hai| isI prakAra tiryaJcayoni meM utpanna kuttA bhI dharma (samyagdarzana) ke kAraNa devagati ko prApta ho sakatA hai| isIliye mokSamArga meM bhI samyagdarzana ko karNadhAra arthAt khevaTiyA kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra bIja ke abhAva meM vRkSa kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai usI prakAra samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI utpatti, sthiti aura vRddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai aura usakA phalarUpa nirvANa to kadApi nhiiN| isIliye AcArya samantabhadra ko kahanA par3A ki mohI (mithyAtvI) muni se mokSamArga meM sthita nirmohI (samyagdRSTi) gRhastha uttama hai| mokSAbhilASI jIva ke liye tInoM lokoM evaM tInoM kAloM meM samyaktva ke samAna anya koI dUsarA kalyANakArI nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi eka bAra mAtra eka muhUrta ke liye mithyAdarzana kA nAza hokara samyagdarzana kI prApti ho jAye to phira athAha sukha ke sAgara mokSa ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| samayasAra nATaka meM mahAkavi banArasIdAsa bhavya jIvoM ko samajhAte huye kahate haiM ki -

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84 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka bAnArasi kahaiM bhaiyA bhavya suno merI sIkha, ___ kaihUM bhAMti kaisehUMkai aiso kAju kiijie| ekahUM muhUrata mithyAtva ko vidhUsa hoi, ___ gyAna ko jagAI aMsa haMsa khoja liijie| vAhIko vicAra vAko dhyAna yahai kautUhala, yauMhI bhari janama parama rasa piijie| taji bhava-vAsako vilAsa savikAra rUpa, antakari moha kau anantakAla jiijie|| paM0 banArasIdAsa jI kahate haiM ki- he bhAI bhavya! yadi merI bAta mAno to kisI bhI prakAra prayatna karake aisA kArya karo ki kisI prakAra eka muhUrta mAtra ke liye mithyAtva kA nAza ho jAya aura apane jJAna ko jAgrata karake apane AtmA rUpa haMsa ko khoja lo| tadanantara usI kA vicAra, usI kA dhyAna karate huye AjIvana paramAnanda rUpa rasa kA pAna karo aura kramaza: moha kA nAza karake vikArarUpa saMsAra ke vAsa kA tyAga kara anta meM siddhatva pada prApta kara anantakAla taka sukha ko prApta kro| ___yadi tUne eka bAra mithyAtva kA tyAga karake mAtra samyagdarzana ko prApta kara liyA aura abhI cAritra kI prApti nahIM bhI huI hai arthAt avratI hai to bhI suna! tU azubharUpa naraka aura tiryaJca-ina do gatiyoM ko prApta nahIM hogaa| manuSyagati meM bhI tU na to napuMsaka hogA aura na hI strIparyAya ko prApta hogaa| aba rahI bAta puruSaparyAya kI to puruSaparyAya meM bhI loka nindita nIca kula meM terA janma nahIM hogaa| aba koI yaha kahe ki yaha saba hokara bhI alpakAla meM hI mRtyu ho jAye to kyA hogA? isake liye AcArya kahate haiM ki he samyagdRSTi bhAI ! terI Ayu alpa nahIM hogii| aba bAta raha jAtI hai ki ye saba kucha prApta bhI ho gayA, kintu sampUrNa jIvana daridrI rahA to daHkhI honA hI hai| ata: AcArya samantabhadra punaH kahate haiM ki he samyagdRSTi bhAI! yadi tU vratoM se rahita hai to bhI tU daridratA ko prApta nahIM hogaa| samyaktva kI prApti hone para itanA AzvAsana to hamAre AcAryoM ne jinavANI ke AdhAra para dI hI hai ki ukta pratikUla paristhitiyoM ko samyagdRSTi jIva prApta nahIM hogaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI sunizcita hai ki samyagdarzana se pavitra hone para yadi tUne vrata rUpa cAritra ko bhI apane jIvana meM utAra liyA aura uttarottara cAritra meM vRddhi karatA gayA to tere oja, teja, vidyA, parAkrama aura kIrti meM vRddhi hogii| vijaya ko prApta karegA aura vaibhava sampanna hogaa| zreSTha kula meM janma legaa| mahAn puruSArthoM kA sAdhaka hogA aura manuSyoM meM siramaura hogaa| samyagdRSTi jIva aNimA-mahimA Adi ATha

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mokSamArga meM samyagdarzana kI bhUmikA : 85 RddhiyoM se sampanna hotA hai| santuSTa hotA hai| atizaya zobhA ko prApta karatA hai aura svarga meM gayA to vahA~ deva aura devAGganAoM ke sAtha cirakAla taka nivAsa karatA hai| samyagdRSTi jIva yadi manuSyagati ko prApta karatA hai to vaha vahA~ kAla-mahAkAla Adi nau nidhiyA~ aura cakra-chatra Adi caudaha ratnoM kA svAmI hotA hai| usake caraNoM meM mukuTadhArI battIsa hajAra bar3e-bar3e rAjA-mahArAjA sira jhukAte haiM aura SaTkhaNDAdhipati hokara cakraratna kA pravartana karane meM samartha hotA hai| aura adhika kyA kaheM? tInoM lokoM ke jIvoM ko zaraNa dene vAle tIrthaGkara pada ko bhI prApta karatA hai aura Atmastha hokara anta meM muktivadhU kA varaNa karatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki mokSamArga meM samyagdarzana kI bhUmikA aparihArya hai| isaliye AcArya amRtacandrasUri ne bhI jIva ko sarvaprathama samyaktva prApta karane kA upadeza diyA hai| ve kahate haiM tatrAdau samyaktvaM smupaashrynniiymkhilytnen| tasminsatyeva yato bhavati jJAnaM cAritraM c|| puruSArthasiddhayupAya, padya 21 arthAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra- ina tInoM meM sarvaprathama sampUrNa prayatna dvArA samyagdarzana prApta karanA cAhiye, kyoMki usake hone para hI samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra hote haiN| ___ mithyAdRSTi ke vrata, tapa, saMyama Adi sabhI bAlatapa ke antargata parigaNita hote haiN| ina bAlatapoM kA aGkavihIna zUnyoM se adhika kucha bhI mahattva nahIM hai| kintu yadi ina saba zUnyoM ke pUrva meM samyagdarzana rUpI aGka ko pratiSThita kara diyA jAya to usake Age jinate bhI zUnya hoMge una sabakI mahattA dasa-dasa guNI bar3ha jAyegI aura ve sabhI vrata, tapa, saMyama Adi sArthaka hokara mukti prApta karAne meM sahAyaka hoNge| AcArya pUjyapAda ne likhA hai ki- jaise sabhI bhavanoM kA AdhAra usakA mUla (nIva) hai usI prakAra sabhI vratoM kA AdhAra samyaktva hai| adhiSThAnaM bhavenmUlaM prAsAdAnAM yathA punH| tathA sarvavratAnAM ca mUlaM smyktvmucyte|| - zrAvakAcAra, padya 11 abhradevakRta vratodyotana zrAvakAcAra meM bhI samyagdarzana ke binA dhAraNa kiye gaye vratoM tathA samitiyoM evaM guptiyoM ke pAlana rUpa teraha prakAra ke cAritra ko nirarthaka kahA

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86 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka paJca mahAvratayuktaM triguptiguptaM ca smitismpnnm| samyagdarzanarahitaM nirarthakaM jAyate vRttm|| - vratodyotana, padya 336 ata: isase bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki samyagdarzana hI mukti kA bIja hai| mahAkavi dautalarAma ne samyagdarzana ko mokSa-mahala kI prathama sIr3hI kahA hai| ___ mokSa mahala kI parathama sIr3hI, yA bina jJAna critraa| yogIndradevakRta zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai-daMsaNabhUmihaM bAhirA jiya vayarukkha Na huNti| arthAt isa samyagdarzana kI bhUmikA binA he jIva! vrata rUpI vRkSa nahIM hote haiN| tAtparya yaha ki samyagdarzana vaha upajAU bhUmi hai, jisameM cAritrarUpI vRkSa utpanna hotA hai aura samaya Ane para usameM phala lagate haiM tathA kramaza: pakane para mokSarUpI mIThe phala ko pradAna karate haiN| ata: mokSamArga meM samyagdarzana kI bhUmikA nissandeha na kevala mahattvapUrNa hai, apitu anivArya hai| samyagdarzana rUpI upajAU bhUmi meM cAritra rUpI vRkSa ke binA mokSarUpI phala kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| sandarbha : 1. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaarg:| - tattvArthasUtra, 1/1.

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samarAiccakahA meM vyavasAyoM kA sAmAjika AdhAra rAghavendra pratApa siMha samarAiccakahA AcArya haribhadrasUri kI racanA hai| inakA kAla AThavIM zatAbdI sunizcita hai| samarAiccakahA tayugIna sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika evaM rAjanItika sUcanAoM ke lie mUlasrota ke rUpa meM grahaNIya hai| __artha vyaktigata jIvana kI dhurI tathA samAja ke vikAsa ke pramukha AdhAroM meM se eka hai| puruSArtha catuSTaya ke bhAratIya Adarza meM bhI artha ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| yadyapi nivRttiparaka vicAradhArA meM mokSa ko jIvana kA parama uddezya mAnA gayA hai; kintu trivarga ke abhAva meM mokSarUpI cirantana sukha kI anubhUti asambhava hai| dharma evaM kAma kI upalabdhi bhI artha ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava hai| samarAiccakahA meM trivarga kA sevana karanA bhI lokadharma batAyA gayA hai| prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya evaM zilpa ko SaTkarma batAyA gayA hai| vastuta: samarAiccakahA bhI isa viSaya para prAcIna bhAratIya varNavyavasthA sambandhI usI vicAradhArA kA pratinidhitva karatI hai, jisameM batAyA gayA hai ki brAhmaNa lekhanI ke bala se, kSatriya yuddhavidyA se, vaizya kRSi evaM vANijya se tathA anya loga jinameM zUdrAdi ko liyA jAtA hai, zilpa evam anya laghu mahattva ke kAryoM se apanI AjIvikA kamAte haiN| prAcIna bhAratIya sAmAjika saMgaThana ke sandarbha meM samarAiccakahA meM Arya evam anArya jAtiyoM kA ullekha hai| dhArmika dRSTi se uccatara AcAra-vicAra vAle logoM ko Arya evaM dharma-karma ke vyavahAra se rahita logoM ko anArya kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| Arya jAtiyoM ke brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra nAmaka cAra varNa mAne gaye hai| jainasUtroM meM baMbhaNa, khattiya, vaissa aura sudda nAmaka cAra varNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| zUdra varNa meM cANDAla, Dombalika. rajaka, carmakAra, zAkunika, machuvA Adi kaI zAkhAoM kA nAmollekha hai| zodhachAtra, itihAsa vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya. yaha Alekha DaoN0 jhinakU yAdava kI pustaka samarAiccakahA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana se preraNA prApta kara likhA gayA hai|

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88 : zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka samarAiccakahA se vidita hotA hai ki zUdra varNa ke antargata Arya evam anArya donoM hI jAtiyoM ke loga zAmila the| nizIthacUrNI meM bhI brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra ina cAra varNoM kA ullekha hai / 6 Rgveda evam anya granthoM meM cAroM varNoM kI utpatti kramazaH virATapuruSa ke mukha, bAhu, jaMghAoM evaM pairoM se batAyI gayI hai ! " lekina ina varNoM kI utpatti kA vaijJAnika AdhAra vyAvasAyika thaa|' AdipurANa meM varNita hai ki vrata saMskAra se brAhmaNa, zastra dhAraNa se kSatriya, nyAyapUrNa dhanArjana se vaizya aura nIca vRtti se zUdra kI utpatti huI / " AdipurANa meM hI eka anya sthAna para ullikhita hai ki Adibrahma RSabhadeva ne tIna varNoM kI sthApanA kI thI / zastra dhAraNa kara AjIvikA calAne vAle kSatriya, khetI, vyApAra evaM pazupAlana Adi dvArA jIvanayApana karane vAle vaizya tathA anya logoM kI sevA suzruSA karane vAle zUdra kahalAye / 1" AdipurANa ke AdhAra para kucha vicArakoM kA mata hai ki bharata ne apane pitA RSabhadeva dvArA upadiSTa dharma ke pracArArtha kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdroM meM se vRttibheda ke AdhAra para cauthe varNa arthAt brAhmaNa kI sthApanA kI aura unheM brahmasUtra se alaGkRta kiyaa| vANijya-vyavasAya prAcInakAla meM kRSi ke atirikta deza kI samRddhi kA mukhyAdhAra vyApAra vANijya thaa| samarAiccakahA meM haTTa 11 zabda kA ullekha hai, yahI haTTa Ajakala hATa athavA bAjAra ke rUpa meM liyA jAtA hai| ina hAToM ke madhya sar3akeM vistRta tathA caurasa hotI thiiN| bhojana, vastra Adi upabhoga kI sabhI sAmagriyA~ bAjAroM meM upalabdha thIM / 12 vyApAra-vANijya ke sAtha-sAtha kRSi vaizyoM kA prArambha se hI karma mAnA jAtA rahA hai; kintu Age calakara kRSi ke sthAna para vaizyoM ne vyApAra-vANijya ko hI prAthamikatA pradAna kii| isakA kAraNa sambhavata: jainadharma kA prabhAva mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jainadharma meM hiMsA pradhAna kRSi karma ko tyAjya evaM vyApAra-vANijya ko ahiMsaka evam anukaraNIya batalAyA gayA hai| samarAiccakahA meM vyApAra evaM vANijya kArya karane vAloM ko vaNijaka tathA vaNik nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| 13 samarAiccakahA meM vyApArI varga kI tIna zreNiyoM yA vargoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai-- vaNika athavA vaNijaka, sArthavAha tathA zreSThI / samarAiccakahA meM sArthavAha ko hI kAravA~ banAkara deza ke andara tathA deza ke bAhara samudra pAra taka vyApAra karate hue batAyA gayA hai| sthAnIya vyApArI vaNik-- samarAiccakahA meM vaNik unheM kahA gayA hai jo gA~voM kI hAToM meM tathA choTe-choTe zaharoM meM vyApAra karate the| ye sthAnIya vyApArI the, jo sthAnIya logoM kI AvazyakatAnusAra vastuoM kA kraya-vikraya kara ucita lAbha prApta karate the / pratihAra abhilekha meM baMkA nAmaka eka vyavasAyI kA ullekha hai, jo vibhinna sthAnoM se vyApAra ke yogya sAmagriyoM kA kraya karatA thA / 14

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samarAiccakahA meM vyavasAyoM kA sAmAjika AdhAra : 89 sArthavAha - ye loga sArtha (kAravA~) banAkara vyApAra ke lie deza ke andara dUrastha pradezoM ko AyA-jAyA karate the / 15 sArtha banAkara vyApAra karane ke kAraNa hI inheM sArthavAha kahA jAne lgaa| sArthavAha sArtha arthAt kAravA~ kA netA hotA thaa| jo dhIre-dhIre vaizyoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa varga bana gayA / 16 adhika lAbha kI prApti ke lie sArthavAha samudra pAra ke dvIpoM meM bhI jAyA karate the| 17 ye bar3e hI dhanI, pratiSThita tathA sampanna vyakti samajhe jAte the| rAjya bhI inakA sammAna karatA thA tathA inheM sArthavAhaputra nAmaka AdarasUcaka zabda se sambodhita kiyA jAtA thaa| ' 18 samarAiccakahA dhana, dharaNa, suvadana Adi aneka sArthavAhoM kA varNana hai| zreSThI- samarAiccakahA meM zreSThiyoM ko vaizyoM kA tIsarA evaM sabase sampanna varga mAnA gayA hai| dhana aura samRddha ke hI AdhAra para inheM zreSThI (seTha) nAma pradAna kiyA gayA thA / 19 ye eka hI sthAna para grAma, nagara athavA vyApArika kendroM meM kendrita rahakara apanA vyavasAya karate the / mUlyavAn vastuoM ke kraya-vikraya ke sAtha-sAtha ye loga rupaye, paise kA bhI lena-dena karate the| samAja meM inako zreSThI kI sammAnasUcaka padavI prApta thI / 20 vyApArika vRtti ke hote hue bhI ye anya kSetroM yathA dhArmika evaM sAmAjika kAryoM meM bhI apanA yogadAna dete the / 21 samarAiccakahA meM eka sthala para nagara zreSThI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 22 gAya kRSi evaM pazupAlana - jainasUtroM meM aise aneka vaizyoM kA ullekha hai, jo vyApAra vANijya ke atirikta kRSi evaM pazupAlana kA kArya karate the| uttarAdhyayanaTIkA meM vaNiya grAma ke dhanI - sampanna aura jamIMdAra Ananda nAmaka gRhapati ko aparimita suvarNa, -baila, hala, ghor3A, gAr3I Adi kA svAmI batalAyA gayA hai| parAhAra eka anya gRhapati thA, jo kRSi karma meM kuzala hone ke kAraNa 'kisiparAzara' nAma se vikhyAta thA, vaha 600 haloM kA svAmI thA / ' 23 kuiyaNNa (kuvikarNa) ke pAsa bahuta-sI gAyeM thI evaM bharata cakravartI kA gRhapati ratna sarvaloka meM prasiddha thaa| vaha zAla Adi vividha dhAnyoM kA utpAdaka thA aura bharata ke ghara saba prakAra ke dhAnyoM ke hajAroM kumbha bhare rahate the / 24 samarAiccakahA meM cAvala, canA evaM gehU~ kI phasaloM kA vizeSa ullekha kiyA gayA hai| phaloM meM nAraMgI, kadalI, Agra, kaMkola (eka prakAra kA jaMgalI phala), panasa (kaTahala ), pUgaphala (supArI), aMgUra Adi kA ullekha hai| pazuoM meM gAya, baila, bhaisa-mahiSa, bakarA-bakarI, bheMr3a, gardabha, khaccara, ghor3A, kuttA, billI, zarabha, hAthI Adi ke pAle jAne kA ullekha bhinna-bhinna sthaloM para huA hai| zilpa vyavasAya -- samarAiccakahA meM tayugIna hastazilpa ke kucha nAma Aye haiN| vastuta: yaha hastazilpa laghu udyoga kA eka udAharaNa hai| AcArya haribhadrayugIna samAja ke Arthika gaurava kI prasiddhi vikasita udyogoM para hI avalambita thI / hastalAghava ko hastazilpa kahA jAtA thA / 25 hastakalA se arthAt pUrNatayA mAnava zrama

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90 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka se saMcAlita udyoga ko zilpakarma yA zilpa bhI kahA jAtA thA isakA rUpa Adhunika kuTIra udyoga ke samAna thaa| prAcInakAla meM zilpa kauzala samAja ke Arthika jIvana kA merudaNDa thaa| pUrvamadhyakAla meM isI stambha ke AdhAra para Arthika pakSa kA santulita vikAsa sambhava huaa| ___ haribhadra ke kAla meM AjIvikA ke eka acche sAdhana evaM Arthika samRddhi kI dRSTi se sthAnIya laghu udyogoM kA paryApta mahattva thaa| samarAiccakahA meM varNita kucha pramukha udyogoM evaM vyavasAyoM kA varNana draSTavya hai| vastra-udyoga-samarAiccakahA meM kArpaTika26 nAmaka zilpI kA ullekha kaI bAra huA hai| kArpaTika loga vastra taiyAra karane kA kArya karate the| pahanane ke vastroM meM haribhadra ne azuka (mahIna rezamI vastra), paTTAMzuka (pATa sUtra se bane rezamI vastra), cInAMzuka (atyadhika mahIna rezamI vastra, cIna meM nirmita), dukUla (dukUla vRkSa kI chAla ke reze se banA halkA vastra), devadUSya (mRdula, mahIna aura rezama ke samAna divya vastra), ardha cInAMzuka (AdhA rezamI aura AdhA sUtI dhAgoM se banA huA vastra), kSaumavastra (alasI kI chAla se nirmita vastra), valkala vasana (per3oM kI chAla se nirmita jaMgalI jAtiyoM athavA sAdhu-saMnyAsiyoM dvArA pahane jAne vAlA vastra), Adi vividha bhA~ti ke vastroM kA ullekha kiyA hai|27 zarIra para dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle kucha anya vastroM meM stanAcchAdana (stanoM para dhAraNa kiyA jAne vAlA, ratnoM se jaTita, Adhunika kaMcukI ke samAna) evaM uttarIya (kamara se Upara or3hane kA vastra) kA ullekha milatA hai|28 anya vastroM meM kambala (or3he jAne vAlA UnI vastra), tulI (ruI se bharA huA takiyA), gaNDopadhAna (baiThane kA gola takiyA), alagaNikA (sote samaya prayoga kI jAne vAlI masanada), celavastra (darI, galIcA, tambU Adi meM prayukta hone vAlA majabUta kapar3A) Adi kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai|29 samarAiccakahA meM vastrazodhaka 3deg kA bhI ullekha hai jisakA Azaya rajaka arthAt dhobI se hai| prAcIna samaya meM sUtI kapar3oM kA niryAta kiyA jAtA thaa| kAzI ke vastra isameM bhI vikhyAta the tathA aparAMta (koMkaNa), sindha aura gujarAta meM acche kapar3e banate the|31 nepAla, sindhu aura sauvIra tathA tAmralipti sundara vastroM ke lie prasiddha the| ____ haribhadrakAlIna vastra udyoga kI samRddhi kI sampuSTi araba yAtriyoM ke varNanoM se bhI hotI hai| sulemAna ke anusAra bhArata se 9vIM zatAbdI I0 meM uccakoTi ke vastroM kA niryAta vizva ke anya dezoM ko pracuratA se kiyA jAtA thaa|32 samasAmayika videzI vRttAntoM meM bhAratIya vastra udyoga kI yaha prazaMsA haribhadrakAlIna bhAratIya vastra udyoga kI samRddha sthiti kA nidarzana hai|

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samarAiccakahA meM vyavasAyoM kA sAmAjika AdhAra : 91 AbhUSaNa udyoga- samarAiccakahA33 meM suvarNakAroM kA ullekha hai| ye sone-cA~dI Adi dhAtuoM se vibhinna prakAra ke AbhUSaNa taiyAra karate the| dhAtuoM ko tapAkara AbhUSaNa taiyAra karane kI vidhi AbhUSaNa banAne meM kI jAtI thii| haribhadrakAlIna pracalita AbhUSaNoM meM kuNDala34 (karNAbhUSaNa), kaTaka (kalAI meM pahane jAne vAlA AbhUSaNa), keyUra35 (nupUra-paira kA AbhUSaNa), mudrikA (aMgUThI), kaMkaNa36 (kalAI kA AbhUSaNa), ratnAvalI 37 (ratnoM kI mAlA), hAra, 38 ekAvalI39 (motiyoM kI eka lar3I kI mAlA), maNimekhalA (karadhanI), kaTisUtra (kamara kA alaMkaraNa), kaNThaka40 (kaNTha yA gale kA AbhUSaNa), mukuTa (sira para dhAraNa karane vAlA alaMkaraNa), cUNAmaNi 1 (kezoM meM dhAraNa kiyA jAne vAlA AbhUSaNa) Adi pramukha the| ye vividha prakAra ke AbhUSaNa isa udyoga kI pragati ke paricAyaka haiN| lauha-vyavasAya- lohe kI janopayogitA isake prArambhika kAla se hI calI A rahI hai| samarAiccakahA meM lohe ke kucha upakaraNoM yathA lohapiMjara, loha zRGkhalA, lohe kI kIloM Adi kA aneka bAra ullekha huA hai| lohe kI banI vastuoM meM kudAlI, pharasA, churI, sUI, ArA, nahanI Adi ke nAma evaM kArya kA varNana anya jaina granthoM meM bhI kiyA gayA hai|42 lohe kI bhaTThiyoM meM kaccA lohA pakAyA jAtA thA aura phira neha (ahikaraNI) para rakhakara kUTA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra lohe ko hathaur3e se kUTa, pITa evaM kATa-chA~Ta kara upayogI vastue~ taiyAra kI jAtI thiiN| anya vyavasAya- samarAiccakahA meM vivecita anya udyoga-dhandhoM meM camar3e kA vyavasAya karane vAloM ko carmakAra kahA gayA hai|43 citrakArI kA vyavasAya pracalita thA, makAnoM, vastroM, bartanoM evaM kAgajoM Adi para citra banAyA jAtA thaa| prAcIna jaina granthoM kI taraha kucha hiMsaka karmoM ko samarAiccakahA meM bhI 'kharakarma' kI zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai tathA ise jaina matAnuyAyiyoM ke lie varjita kiyA gayA hai|44 lekina ye karma samAja meM vyavahAra meM lAye jAte the tathA kucha logoM kI jIvikA ke AdhAra the| ina niSiddha vyavasAyoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa nimnalikhita hai iMgAlakamma5- koyalA, IMTa Adi banAkara becane vAlA karma iMgAlakamma kahA jAtA thaa| vaNakamma46- jaMgaloM se lakar3iyA~ kATakara tathA use becakara AjIvikA calAnA vaNakamma kahA jAtA thaa| bhaDiyakamma- bhAr3e para ghor3e, gAr3I, khaccara aura baila Adi se bojha Dhokara AjIvikA claanaa| daMta vANijya7- hAthIdA~ta Adi kA vyavasAya krnaa|

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92 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka lakkha vANijya8- lAkha kA vyApAra kara AjIvikA claanaa| keza vANijya49.- bher3a-bakariyoM kA bAla kATakara aura unheM becakara AjIvikA claanaa| rasa vANijya5deg -- dUdha-dahI, madhu, makkhana Adi ko becakara jIvikA claanaa| viSa vANijya51.- viSAkta vastuoM kA vyvsaay| nillachaNakamma52- zarIra ke aMgoM (nAka,kAna Adi) cheda kara AjIvikA kmaanaa| jaMtapIlaNakamma53- kolhU calAne kA vyvsaay| dAvaggi dAvaNayakampa54- jaMgala Adi jalAne ke lie Aga lagAnA yA lgvaanaa| asaipoSaNa55- kuttA-billI Adi jAnavara tathA dAsa-dAsI Adi pAlakara becanA yA bhAr3e se Aya kmaanaa| sagaDikamma56- gAr3I jotakara AjIvikA calAne vAlA krm| sarahada talAyassosaNAya57- tAlAba, draha Adi sukhAkara Aya prApta karane vAlA krm| garur3iyA58--- gArur3ika mantra Adi jAnane vAle gArur3iyA kahe jAte the| ye loga viSaile so~ ke kATane para mantroSadhi dvArA upacAra kara jIvikA calAte the| ina upekSita varga ke vyavasAyoM jinameM se adhikAMza ko prAcInakAla se hI hatotsAhita karane kA prayAsa hindU dharmazAstrakAroM ne kiyA hai, usI paramparA kA pAlana karate hue jaina AcArya haribhadrasUri ne bhI niSiddha batAyA hai jabaki inameM se kucha vyavasAya to dainika jIvanacaryA ke sakuzala sampAdana ke liye apekSita the| ata: nindanIya hone para bhI inakA astitva samAja meM banA rhaa| sandarbha-sUcI 1. 'tivaggasAhaNaparaM' - dra0 samarAiccakahA, 9.865-66, ahamadAbAda, prathama - bhAga 1938, dvitIya bhAga, 1942. tulanIya arthazAstra 1,7 "artha eva pradhAna iti kauttilyH|" arthamUlau hi dharmakAmau iti|" evaM tulanIya, parAzara, 8.3 artha mUlau dharma kaamau| 2. samarAiccakahA 9, pR0 866.

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samarAiccakahA meM vyavasAyoM kA sAmAjika AdhAra : 93 3. vahI, 8,734-35; hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 284. 4. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 25-31, vipAkasUtra 4, pR0 33, AcArAMganiyukti 19-27, uddhRta- jagadIzacandra jaina, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, vArANasI 1965, pR0 223. 5. samarAiccakahA, 4, pR0 348. nizIthacUrNI 3, pR0 413. 'jahA baMbhaNa jAti kulesu khattisu sagga kulA, AdisadAto vaisa-sudesu vi|' yAdava, samarAiccakahA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR0 92. 7. brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsIt bAhUrAjanyaH kRtH| urU tadasya yadavaizyaH padabhyAm shuudro'jaayt|| Rgveda, puruSasUkta, 10.90,12. 8. 'cAturvayaM mayA sRSTaM gunnkrmvibhaagshH'| zrImadbhagavadgItA, adhyAya 4, zloka 13. 9. AdipurANa, 38, 45-46. 10. AdipurANa, 16, 184-86. 11. samarAiccakahA, 7.717. 12. vahI, 7, pR0 717 'haTTAo ahaM kiMpi bhoyaNajAyaM tathA 3, 172-celAdibhANDaM. . 13. vahI, 4, pR0 268; 5, pR0 523. 14. ipigrAphikA iNDikA, 20, pR0 55. 15. samarAiccakahA, 6, pR0 507. 16. vahI, 2, pR0 105, 13-14, 116-17-18, 121-22, 124, 132; 3, 172, 4, pR0 237, 240, 359-60, 7, pR0 668. 17. vahI, 5, pR0 403, 416, 426, 432, 476, 479; 6, pR0 499, 506, 522, 524; 7, pR0 610. 18. vahI, 6, pR0 541-42, 552, 7, pR0 652-53-54, 658, 661, 668. 19. vahI, 3, pR0 184; 5, pR0 398; 8, pR0 807. 20. vahI, 187; 4, pR0 240, 279, 350, 353; 6 pR0 578, 583; 8 pR0 828-29, 9 pR0 87, 904, 925, 936, 953-54. 21. vahI, 4, pR0 234, 237, 326; 6 pR0 494-95-96, 550. 22. vahI, 4, pR0 278.

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94 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 23. vahI, 2, pR0 141, draSTavya DaoN0 jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR0 229. 24. AvazyakacUrNI, pR0 44 evaM pR0 197-98, draSTavya; jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR0 230.. 25. zilpa syAt kauzalam, draSTavya, AdipurANa, 16.182. 26. samarAiccakahA, 4, pR0 257, 285. 27. vahI, aMzuka-1, pR074, paTTAzaMka 1, pR074, cInAMzuka-5, pR0 438, dukUla 4, pR0 297, dUvadUSya, 4, pR0 634-35, vallakalavasana, 8, pR0 798. 28. vahI, stanAcchAdana 2, pR0 95; uttarIya, 4, pR0 254. 29. vahI, kambala-7, pR0 656; tulI 9, pR0 974, gaNDopadhAna 9, pR0 974. 30. vahI, 1, pR0 51. 31. uddhRta sArthavAha, motIcandra, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA 1966 I0, pR0 172. 32. iliyaTa eNDa DAusana, pR0 34. 33. samarAiccakahA, 6 pR0 560. 34. vahI, 9.911; 2 pR0 96,100,131. 35. vahI, 1, pR0 31, 2, pR0 100; 7, pR0 638. 36. vahI, 6, pR0 597, Thavemi eyassa samIve chinna kaMkaNaM knntthaahrnnN| 37. vahI, 4, pR0 254, 285. 38. vahI, 2, pR0 76, 96, 100; 380, 452 9.911. 39. vahI, 9, pR0 911. 40. vahI, 5, pR0 384; 6, pR0 597, 7, pR0 644. 41. vahI, 2, pR0 85, 96 Adi. 42. bRhadkalpasUtrabhASya, 1/2883; uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 19-66, AvazyakacUrNI, pR0 529, yAdava, pR0 173. 43. samarAiccakahA, 4, pR0 348. 44. vahI, 1, pR0 62. . 45. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63, dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 46. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 47. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242.

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samarAiccakahA meM vyavasAyoM kA sAmAjika AdhAra : 95 8. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 49. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 50. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 51. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 52. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 53. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 54. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 55. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 56. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 57. vahI, 1, pR0 62-63; dekhiye bhagavatI sUtra, 8/5/242. 58. vahI, 2, pR0 132; 4, pR0 255.

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jaina darzana meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa evaM sthAna (zodhaprabandhasAra) zrImatI kalpanA manuSya svabhAva se eka cintanazIla prANI hai, cintanazIla mAnava ko sadA se yaha vikalpa rahA hai ki maiM kauna hU~, kahA~ se AyA hU~, yaha prapaJcAtmaka jagat kyA hai, anubhava se anavarata rUpa se Ane vAlA pratIti gocara samasta paripArzva kyA hai tathA mAnava-jIvana kA antima gantavya kyA hai? bhautika sukha kI upalabdhi hI parama zreya hai yA isake atirikta bhI jIvana kA koI sAdhya hai| bhAratIya darzana meM ina sabhI praznoM para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya darzana mUlata: AdhyAtmika hai, duHkhoM kI Atyantika nivRtti kaise ho, isa prazna kA uttara dene meM hI bhAratIya darzana kI caritArthatA hai, cU~ki duHkhoM se Atyantika nivRtti kA sIdhA sambandha AtmA se hai, isalie vedoM se lekara Adhunika yuga ke pramukha bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne mAnava jIvana kA mUla prayojana AtmajJAna ko mAnate hue AtmA ko hI apane cintana kA pramukha viSaya mAnA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke sambandha meM vibhinna avadhAraNAeM prApta hotI haiN| AtmA, jIva, paramAtmA, Izvara, brahma Adi aneka rUpoM meM vibhinna darzanoM tathA unakI tattvamImAMsIya pRSThabhUmi meM vyAkhyAyita haiN|| AtmA ke zuddha, buddha, nitya svarUpa ko hI paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA bhAratIya vAGmaya meM mukhya rUpa se do rUpoM meM milatI hai- (1) AtmA ke zuddha, nitya, buddha, indriyAtIta, agocara, avyaya evam avinAzI rUpa meM, (2) Izvara yA jagat ke sRSTikartA, pAlanakartA evaM saMhArakartA ke rUpa meN| paramAtmA kI prathama avadhAraNA ke sandarbha meM vicAra kareM to prAya: sabhI bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne AtmA kI sattA ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| ve mUlata: AtmA ko zuddha, buddha, nirmala aura nirvikAra mAnate haiM, yaha AtmA nirvikAra hI avidyA, mAyA va karma se sampRkta ho saMsArI avasthA yA bandhana ko prApta hotI hai| zuddha AtmA to nirvikAra, niravayava va mukta hai| zramaNa-paramparA ke pratinidhi jaina darzana meM AtmA ko hI kendra meM rakhakara use * zodhacchAtrA, darzana vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI-5 Fort

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jaina darzana meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa evaM sthAna : 97 hI samasta AcAra-vicAra kA AdhAra mAnA gyaa| jaina darzana meM AtmA ke bahirAtmA, antarAtmA va paramAtmA ye tIna bheda kiye gye| bahirAtmA aura antarAtmA jahA~ karma paramANuoM se saMyukta jIva ke hI do rUpa haiM, vahIM paramAtmA AtmA kA zuddha mukta svarUpa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA hI paramAtmA hai- "appA so prmppaa"| AtmA aura paramAtmA meM svarUpataH koI bheda nahIM haiM antara kevala karmAvaraNa kA hai| nirAvaraNa zuddha cetanA hI paramAtmA hai| vaha kevala jJAna, kevala darzana, svabhAva ananta catuSTaya se yukta zAzvata, avinAzI tathA samasta antaHbAhya vibhAvoM se mukta hai| ata: jaina darzana meM paramAtmA, AtmA kI hI nitya zuddha avasthA hai| paramAtmA kA dUsarA rUpa Izvara hai, jise bhAratIyadarzana meM jagat ke Adi kAraNa ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| Izvara kI avadhAraNA ko sRSTimUlaka, prayojanamUlaka Adi AdhAroM para siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| paramAtmA ko sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM mAnane vAle dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki yaha jagat eka kArya-kAraNa ke anivArya niyama dvArA saJcAlita hai, sRSTi kArya hone se usakA mUla kAraNa paramAtmA hai| - jainadarzana meM paramAtmA yA Izvara kI aisI kisI bhI sattA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, jo isa vizva kA sRjanakartA, pAlaka va saMhAraka, nitya, pUrNa aura manuSya ke sad, asad karmoM kA phala pradAtA hai| jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki sRSTi anAdi hai| jitane bhI darzana Izvara ko sRSTikartA siddha karane kA prayAsa karate haiM, ve aneka visaMgatiyoM meM par3a jAte haiM, tathA jagat aura sraSTA kI, sukha-duHkha ke vaiSamya kI yukti-yukti vyAkhyA nahIM kara paate| ata: paramAtmA Izvara nahIM apitu AtmA kI hI parama vizuddha abhivyakti hai| paramAtmA ko pAnA antata: apane vizuddha rUpa ko hI pAnA hai| pratyeka AtmA virAT zakti kA dedIpyamAna puJja hai| Izvaratva yA paramAtma bhAva bahirgata nahIM balki usI meM hai| pratyeka AtmA meM paramAtmA hone kI kSamatA nihita hai| jo isa kSamatA ko prakaTa kara letI haiM, ve parama vizuddha AtmAeM saMsAra sAgara ko pAra kara apane zuddha svarUpa meM ananta kAla taka avasthita rahatI haiN| ye mukta AtmAeM hI paramAtmA, sarvajJa aura tIrthaGkara kahalAtI haiN| jainoM kA tIrthaGkara koI Izvara yA avatAra nahIM hai, vaha to AdhyAtmika vizuddhi ko prApta ho cukA sAdhAraNa mAnava hai| karmajanya samasta doSoM se mukta hokara vaha Atmazuddhi ke mahAn zikhara para pahu~ca jAtA hai aura samasta vizva kA jJAtA-draSTA bana jAtA hai| ata: jainadharma meM manuSya se bar3hakara koI prANI nahIM hai| jainadarzana kI vizeSatA hai ki usane manuSya ke bhAgya ko usake hAthoM meM sauMpa diyA hai aura karmoM kA phalaniyantA kisI Izvara vizeSa kA sarvathA niSedha kiyaa| vastuta: jainadarzana ke anusAra mAnavIya cetanA kA carama vikAsa hI Izvara tattva hai| paramAtmA yA Izvara koI eka vyakti vizeSa nahIM apitu eka AdhyAtmika bhUmikA vizeSa hai jise pAne meM hara mAnava sakSama hai, jo AdhyAtmika vikAsa

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98 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka kI ucca bhUmikA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, vaha sva meM saMlInatA prApta kara letA hai aura paramAtmA ho jAtA hai| yadyapi siddhAntataH jainadarzana meM Izvara kA khaNDama kiyA gayA hai para vyAvahArika rUpa se isa dharma meM bhI kAlAntara meM hindU dharma ke prabhAva se usa Izvara kA praveza ho gayA jo hamArI bhautika manokAmanAoM ko pUrNa karane vAlA hai| vastutaH tIrthaGkara kisI kI stuti yA nindA se na to prasanna hotA hai, na aprsnn| para anyAnya darzanoM kI bhA~ti jainadarzana meM Arta mAnava ke kalyANArtha antaHpreraNApuJja ke rUpa meM Izvaratva kA samAveza pAyA jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM paramAtmA sambandhI uparyukta vicAroM ko hamane apane zodhaprabandha "jainadarzana meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa evaM sthAna" meM gumphita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se sampUrNa zodhaprabandha ko hamane pA~ca adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai prathama adhyAya- isa adhyAya meM hamane AtmA, brahma aura Izvara sambandhI avadhAraNA, AtmA, brahma aura Izvara zabda kA artha vizleSaNa, AtmA aura paramAtmA, svarUpa aura sandarbha, paramAtmA aura Izvara kI avadhAraNAe~ aura anIzvaravAdI avadhAraNAoM kA tAtparya tathA anIzvaravAdI sampradAya meM paramAtmA sambandhI avadhAraNA- paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA kA mahattva aura upayogitA kI gaveSaNA kI hai| isa adhyAya meM hamane yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki AtmA ke maulika, sArvabhauma aura antastha siddhAnta ke kramika anveSaNa ke rUpa meM prArambha hameM vedoM se karanA par3atA hai| vedoM kI abhiruci kA mukhya kendra- varuNa, indra, rudra, candramA Adi devatA haiM, jinakI stuti upAsanA se mRtyu lokavAsI manuSya abhilaSita vastuoM ko prApta kara sakatA hai| dhIre-dhIre vaidika RSi bahudevavAda kI asantoSaprada dhAraNA se Uba kara nikhila vizva ke Adi kAraNa usa paramatattva kI khoja meM tatpara hue, jo sabakA mUla va sarvaniyantA hai| isI prakriyA meM vaha paramasat ko bAhya jagat meM na pAkara apane 'sva' meM DhU~r3hanA Arambha kiyA jisakA vistRta vivecana Age calakara veda ke antima bhAga upaniSadoM meM huaa| Atmatattva ke cintana kI jo dhArA upaniSadoM meM pravAhita huI usakA vikAsa samApta nahIM huaa| kAlakrama se vikasita hone vAle vividha vaidika darzanoM (mukhya rUpa se Astika SaDdarzana) meM Atmatattva cintana pradhAna viSaya bana gyaa| upaniSadottara kAlavartI dArzanikoM ne AtmA ke svarUpa kA svatantra dRSTi se gambhIratApUrvaka gahana cintana aura tatsambandhI apanI dhAraNAeM prastuta kI jisakA vistRta vivaraNa zodhaprabandha ke agale adhyAyoM meM hai| . dvitIya adhyAya- isa adhyAya meM jina viSayoM para vivecana hai, ve haiM- jainadarzana aura trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA, jainadarzana meM jIva aura AtmA (samAnatA aura antara) trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA aura aitihAsika vikAsakrama, trividha AtmA kI avadhAraNA

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jaina darzana meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa evaM sthAna : 99 aura aupaniSadika cintana, bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA kA sAmAnya lakSaNa aura inakA pArasparika sambandha tathA jainadarzana meM paramAtmA ke sthAna kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| isa adhyAya meM hamane yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsA aura vedAnta meM jise 'AtmA' aura sAMkhyayoga meM jise 'puruSa' kahA gayA hai, vahI tattva jainadarzana meM 'AtmA' yA 'jIva' kahalAtA hai| isa AtmA ke tIna bheda haiM- bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| indriyA~ bahirAtmA haiM, AtmA kA saGkalpa antarAtmA hai aura karmarUpI kalaGka se rahita AtmA, paramAtmA kahalAtA hai| vaha paramAtmA malarahita hai, kalA- arthAt zarIra se rahita hai, atIndriya hai, kevala hai, vizuddhAtmA hai, parameSThI hai, parama jina zivazaGkara hai tathA zAzvata aura siddha hai| tRtIya adhyAya- isa adhyAya meM paramAtmA kA svarUpa evaM prakAra, anantacatuSTaya kA svarUpa evaM prakAra, tIrthaGkara kI avadhAraNA, tIrthaGkara kI vizeSatAe~, tIrthaGkara banane sambandhI sAdhanA, tIrthaGkara ke pratihArya (aSTa pratihArya),34 atizaya, vacanAtizaya ke 35 prakAra, siddha ke prakAra, vibhinna dRSTiyoM se siddhoM kI vivecanA tathA siddha AtmAoM kA nivAsasthAna siddhazilA Adi kA vivecana hai| isa adhyAya meM yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa hai ki vaha paramAtmA vizuddhAtmA hai, arthAt unakA Atma-svabhAva karmamala kalaGka se rahita hone ke kAraNa atyanta zuddha hai| indra, dharaNendra, narendra aura munIndroM ke dvArA vandita parama utkRSTa pada meM sthita hone se paramAtmA parameSThI kahalAtA hai| arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sarvasAdhu ke bheda se parameSThI ke pA~ca bheda haiN| paramAtmA unhIM paJcaparameSThI rUpa hai| caturtha adhyAya- isa adhyAya meM hamane jainadarzana meM IzvaravAda kI samIkSA, prAcIna jainAgamoM meM Izvara ke sRSTi akartRtva, dArzanika granthoM meM Izvara ke sRSTi kartRtva kI samIkSA, Izvara ke sRSTikartRtva ko asvIkAra karake bhI jainoM ne ArAdhya aura upAsya ke rUpa meM paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra kiyA yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai tathA avatAravAda, uttAravAda (utthAnavAda) Adi kI vistRta carcA kI hai| isameM hamane yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki jainadarzana meM AtmA kI parama vizuddha abhivyakti hI Izvara hai| jainadarzana meM kisI Izvara vizeSa kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, parantu pratyeka AtmA virAT zakti kA dedIpyamAna puJja hai, aura vahI Izvara yA paramAtmA hai| jainadarzana sRSTikartA Izvara ko nahIM mAnatA, kyoMki jainadarzana ke anusAra sRSTi anAdi hai| paJcama adhyAya : upasaMhAra- isa adhyAya meM samasta zodhaprabandha kI samIkSA prastuta hai aura yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki jainadarzana meM paramAtmA kA eka pramukha sthAna hai| sAtha hI anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM varNita paramAtmA ke svarUpa se kaI sandarbho meM bhinna bhI hai| AtmA yA sva kI paramAtmA ke rUpa meM pratiSThA jainadarzana kI apUrva dena hai|

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jainAgama meM bhAratIya zikSA ke mUlya dulIcanda jaina 'sAhityaratna pAzcAtya zikSA praNAlI ke duSpariNAma hamAre deza ko svatantra hue arddhazatAbdI vyatIta ho cukI hai aura san 1997 meM hamane isakI svarNa jayantI manAyI thii| lekina yaha hamArA durbhAgya hai ki itane varSoM ke bAda bhI hamane bhAratIya zikSA ke jo jIvana-mUlya haiM unako apanI zikSA-paddhati meM viniyojita nahIM kiyaa| hamalogoM ne pAzcAtya zikSA praNAlI ko hI apnaayaa| isakA duSpariNAma yaha huA ki jahA~ eka ora deza meM zikSaNa saMsthAoM meM nirantara vRddhi ho rahI hai, jinameM karor3oM bacce zikSA prApta kara rahe haiM, vahIM jIvana-utthAna ke saMskAra hamAre RSiyoM, tIrthaGkaroM evam AcAryoM . ne jo pradAna kiye the, ve Aja bhI hama apane baccoM ko nahIM de pA rahe haiN| eka vicAraka ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki vartamAna bhAratIya zikSA praNAlI na 'bhAratIya' hai aura na hI vAstavika 'shikssaa'|' bhAratIya paramparA ke anusAra zikSA mAtra sUcanAoM kA bhaNDAra nahIM hai, zikSA caritra kA nirmANa, jIvana-mUlyoM kA nirmANa hai| DaoN0 altekara ne prAcIna bhAratIya zikSA ke sandarbha meM likhA hai- 'prAcIna bhArata meM zikSA antoti aura zakti kA srota mAnI jAtI thI, jo zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika aura Atmika zaktiyoM ke santulita vikAsa se hamAre svabhAva meM parivartana karatI aura use zreSTha banAtI hai| isa prakAra zikSA hameM isa yogya banAtI hai ki hama eka vinIta aura upayogI nAgarika ke rUpa meM raha skeN|' svatantratA prApti ke bAda aneka samitiyoM evaM zikSA AyogoM ne bhI isa prazna para gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA aura isa bAta para jora diyA ki hamAre rASTra ke jo sanAtana jIvana mUlya haiM, ve hamArI zikSA paddhati meM lAgU hone hI caahie| san 1964 se 1966 taka DaoN0 daulata siMha koThArI, jo eka pratiSThita vaijJAnika the, kI adhyakSatA meM koThArI Ayoga kA gaThana huaa| isane apane prativedana meM kahA'kendrIya va prAntIya sarakAroM ko naitika, sAmAjika tathA AdhyAtmika mUlyoM para AdhArita zikSA kA prabandha apane adhInastha saMsthAoM meM karanA caahie|' san 1975 meM ena0sI0I0Ara0TI0 ne apane prativedana meM kahA- "vidyAlaya pAThyakrama kI saMracanA isa DhaMga se kI jAye ki caritra nirmANa zikSA kA eka pramukha uddezya bne|' hamAre sthAyI jIvanamUlya hamAre saMvidhAna meM 'dharmanirapekSatA' ko hamArI nIti kA eka aMga mAnA gayA hai| * saciva, jaina vidyA anusandhAna pratiSThAna, cennaI. ronal

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jainAgama meM bhAratIya zikSA ke mUlya : 101 'dharmanirapekSatA' zabda hI bhrAmaka hai, kyoMki bhAratIya-paramparA ke anusAra hama 'dharma' se nirapekSa nahIM raha skte| dharmanirapekSatA kA artha mAtra itanA hI ho ki rAjya kisI vizeSa dharma kA pracAra nahIM kare, taba taka to ThIka hai, lekina isakA artha dharma se vimukha ho jAnA kadApi nahIM hai| hamAre deza meM prAcInakAla se hI tIna dharmoM kI dhArAeM mukhya rUpa se bahIM- vaidikadharma, jainadharma aura bauddhdhrm| bAda meM sikkhadharma bhI prArambha huaa| ina cAroM dhArAoM ne kucha aise naitika va AdhyAtmika mUlya sthApita kiye, jinheM sanAtana jIvana-mUlya kaha sakate haiM aura ve pratyeka mAnava para lAgU hote haiN| unakA hamArI zikSA praNAlI meM viniyojita honA atyAvazyaka hai| bhautika va AdhyAtmika jJAna kA samanvaya prAcIna AcAryoM ne vidyA kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai- "sA vidyA yA vimuktaye" arthAt vidyA vaha hai jo hameM vimukta karatI hai| vidyA kisa cIja se vimukta karatI hai, to kahA gayA ki hamameM jo tanAva kI sthiti hai, duHkha kI sthiti hai, AkulatA aura vyAkulatA hai, ve saba cAhe zArIrika stara para hoM yA mAnasika stara para, unase mukta karAne vAlA sAdhana vidyA hI hai| jaina bhAvanA ke anusAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki hameM tRSNA, ahaGkAra, rAga aura dveSa se mukti caahie| isalie hamAre deza ke RSiyoM, muniyoM aura AcAryoM ne sahasroM varSoM se vidyA ke sahI saMskAroM kA sAre deza meM pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| ye saMskAra isa deza kI sampadA tathA anamola dharohara haiN| prAcInakAla meM vidyA ke do bheda kahe gaye- vidyA aura avidyaa| avidyA kA artha ajJAna nahIM hai, avidyA kA artha hai bhautika jJAna aura vidyA kA artha hai AdhyAtmika jnyaan| jisa prakAra se sAikila do pahiyoM ke binA nahIM cala sakatA hai, vaise hI vidyA aura avidyA donoM kA saMyoga nahIM ho to jIvana kI gAr3I bhI nahIM cala sakatI hai arthAt bhautika jJAna ke sAtha AdhyAtmika jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana sandeza para prakAza DAlate hue AcArya vinobA bhAve (jo sarvodaya ke praNetA tathA mahAn zikSAzAstrI the) ne kahA ki jIvana meM zAnti prApta karane kA eka mahAn sUtra mahAvIra ne diyA thaa| vaha sUtra hai- "ahiMsA vijJAna mAnava jAti kA utthAna tathA ahiMsA-vijJAna mAnava jAti kA vidhvaMsA' kahane kA artha hai ki hamAre yahA~ para bhautika jJAna kI avahelanA, upekSA nahIM kI gayI; kintu usake sAtha AdhyAtmika jJAna ko bhI apanAne para jora diyA gyaa| jaina AcAryoM ne zikSA ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue adhyAtma vidyA para bahuta jora diyA aura use mahAvidyA kI saMjJA pradAna kii| RSibhAsitasUtra meM AyA hai imA vijjA mahAvijjA, savvavijjANa uttmaa| jaM vijja sAhaittANaM, savvadukkhANa mucctii|| jeNa bandhaM ca mokkhaM ca, jIvANaM gtiraagti| AyAbhAvaM ca jANAti, sA vijjA dukkhmoynnii||"2

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102 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka arthAta vahI vidyA mahAvidyA hai aura sabhI vidyAoM meM uttama hai, jisakI sAdhanA karane se samasta duHkhoM se mukti prApta hotI hai| jisa vidyA se baMdha aura mokSa kA, jIvoM kI gati aura Agati kA jJAna hotA hai tathA jisase AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, vahI vidyA sampUrNa duHkhoM ko dUra karane vAlI hai| prAcIna jJAna kA navIna prastunikaraNa Adhunika yuga meM svAmI vivekAnanda ne prAcIna zikSA-paddhati kA navIna prastutikaraNa kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki zikSA mAtra una sUcanAoM kA saMgraha nahIM hai jo TUMsa-ThUsa kara hamAre mastiSka meM bhara diye jAyeM aura jo vahA~ nirantara jame hue rahate haiM, hameM jIvana kA nirmANa, manuSyatA kA nirmANa va caritra kA nirmANa karane vAle vicAroM kI AvazyakatA hai| unhoMne Age puna: kahA ki hameM aisI zikSA cAhie, jo caritra ko U~cA uThAtI hai, jisase mana kI zaktiyAM bar3hatI haiM aura jisase buddhi kA vikAsa hotA hai tAki vyakti apane pairoM para svayaM khar3A ho ske| jIvana kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa - uparokta vivecana se yaha kadApi nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki bhAratIya zikSA ne jIvana ke bhautika aMgoM kI upekSA kara dI, aisI bAta nahIM hai| hamAre yahA~ zAstroM meM jIvana kA samagra aMga liyA gayA haiM arthAt manuSya ke zarIra, mana, buddhi va AtmA kA pUrNa vikAsa karanA zikSA kA uddezya hai| caturvidha puruSArtha manuSya jIvana ke sampUrNa vikAsa kI udbhAvanA hai| isako spaSTa karane ke lie hama eka nadI kA udAharaNa leN| agara nadI ke donoM kinAre, donoM taTabandha majabUta hote haiM to usa nadI kA pAnI pIne ke, siMcAI ke, udyoga-dhandhoM Adi ke kAma AtA hai, usase jIvoM kA kalyANa hotA hai| lekina jaba usake kinAre kamajora par3a jAte haiM to nadI bAr3ha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai aura taba vahI pAnI aneka gA~voM ko jalamagna kara detA hai, aneka manuSya aura pazu usameM baha jAte haiM, bhayaGkara trAhi-trAhi maca jAtI hai| isI prakAra manuSya kA jIvana dharma aura mokSa ke do kinAroM kI taraha hai, ina do taToM kI maryAdA meM artha aura kAma kA sevana kiyA jAye to manuSya kA jIvana svayaM ke lie evaM anyoM ke lie bhI upayogI aura kalyANakArI siddha hotA hai| hamAre yahA~ para jagat aura jIvana kI upekSA nahIM kI gayI, lekina saMyamamaya, maryAdAnukUla jIvana ke vyavahAra para jora diyA gyaa| hamAre yahA~ pArivArika jIvana meM isI dharma bhAvanA ko vikasita karane ko kahA gyaa| zAstroM meM patnI ko 'dharmapatnI' kahA gayA jo dharma bhAvanA ko bar3hAne vAlI hotI hai| vaha vAsanA kI mUrti nahIM hai| Agama meM patnI ke bAre meM bar3A sundara varNana AtA hai bhAriyA dhammasahAiyA, dhmmviijjiyaa| dhammANu rAgarattA, smsuhdukkhshaaiyaa||

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jainAgama meM bhAratIya zikSA ke mUlya : 103 arthAt patnI dharma meM sahAyatA karane vAlI, sAtha dene vAlI, anurAgayukta tathA sukha-duHkha ko samAna rUpa meM baMTAne vAlI hotI haiN| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki hama duniyAM kI sabhI sUcanAe~ prApta kareM, vijJAna va bhautika jagat kA pUrNa jJAna prApta kareM, sArI upalabdhiyAM prApta kareM, lekina ina sabake sAtha dharma ke jIvana-mUlyoM kI upekSA nahIM kreN| usa sthiti meM vijJAna bhI vinAzaka zakti na hokara mAnava jAti ke lie kalyANakArI siddha hogaa| tIna prakAra ke AcArya rAjapraznIyasatra meM tIna prakAra ke AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai- kalAcArya, zilpAcArya aura dhrmaacaary| kalAcArya jIvanopayogI lalitakalAoM, vijJAna va sAmAjika jJAna jaise viSayoM kI zikSA detA thaa| bhASA aura lipi, gaNita, bhUgola, khagola, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, saGgIta aura nRtya- ina sabakI zikSAe~ kalAcArya pradAna karatA thaa| jainAgamoM meM puruSa kI 64 aura strI kI 72 kalAoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| dUsarI prakAra kI zikSA zilpAcArya dete the jo AjIvikA yA dhana ke arjana se sambandhita thii| zilpa, udyoga va vyApAra se sambandhita sAre kAryoM kI zikSA denA zilpAcArya kA kArya thaa| ina donoM ke atirikta tIsarA zikSaka dharmAcArya thA jisakA kArya dharma kI zikSA pradAna karanA va caritra kA vikAsa karanA thaa| dharmAcArya zIla aura sadAcaraNa kA jJAna pradAna karate the| ina saba prakAra kI zikSAoM ko prApta karane ke kAraNa hI hamArA zrAvaka samAja bahuta sampanna thaa| sAmAnya vyakti unako seTha aura sAhUkAra jaise AdarasUcaka sambodhana se pukAratA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai"je kamme sUrA te dhamme sUrA' arthAt jo karma meM zUra hotA hai vahI dharma meM zUra hotA hai| jIvana meM zikSA kA sthAna zikSA kA manuSya ke jIvana meM kyA sthAna honA cAhie, isake bAre meM dazavakAlikasUtra meM atyanta sundara vivecana milatA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA nANamegagacitto ya, Thio ThAvayaI prN| suyANi ya ahijjittA, rao suysmaahie|| arthAta adhyayana ke dvArA vyakti ko jJAna aura citta kI ekAgratA prApta hotI hai| vaha svayaM dharma meM sthira hotA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI sthira karatA hai| isa prakAra aneka prakAra ke zruta kA adhyayana kara vaha zrutasamAdhi meM abhirata ho jAtA hai| jo zikSA manuSya ke jIvana meM viveka, prAmANikatA va anuzAsana kA vikAsa na kara sake to vaha zikSA adhUrI hai| mUlAcAra meM kahA gayA ki "viNao sAsaNe muulN|" arthAt vinaya jinazAsana kA mUla hai| jisa vyakti meM vinayazIlatA nahIM hai vaha jJAna prApta nahIM kara sktaa| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI vinaya kA bar3A sundara varNana hai| vahA~ kahA gayA ki avinIta ko vipatti prApta hotI hai aura vinIta ko sampatti- ye do bAteM jisane jAna lI hai, vahI zikSA prApta kara sakatA

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104 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka hai| vidyArthI kA dUsarA guNa hai- anuzAsana- nija para zAsana phira anushaasn| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA ki jo vyakti gurujanoM ke AjJAkArI haiM, zrutadharma ke tattvoM ko jAnate haiM, ve mahA kaThina saMsAra samudra ko taira kara karmoM kA kSaya kara uttama gati ko prApta karate haiN| vidyArthI kA tIsarA guNa hai- dayA kI bhaavnaa| dayA, karuNA, anukampA, jIva mAtra ke prati prema, AtmaikyatA kI bhAvanA- ye jaina-saMskRti kI mAnavatA ko anupama dena haiN| sAre vizva meM kahIM bhI jIva dayA para itanA jora nahIM diyA gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ahiMsA aura karuNA ke avatAra the| unhoMne kahA ___ saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko apanA jIvana priya hai| sukha anukUla hai, duHkha pratikUla hai| saba lambe jIvana kI kAmanA karate haiN| ata: kisI jIva ko trAsa nahIM pahu~cAnA caahie| kisI ke prati vaira-virodha kA bhAva nahIM rakhanA caahie| saba jIvoM ke prati maitrI bhAva rakhanA caahie|" zikSA prApti ke avarodhaka tattva uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM batAyA gayA ki pA~ca aise kAraNa haiM jinake kAraNa vyakti saccI zikSA prApta nahIM kara sktaa| ye pA~ca kAraNa haiM-abhimAna, krodha, pramAda, roga aura aalsy| abhimAna vidyArthI kA sabase bar3A zatru hai| ghamaNDI vyakti jJAna prApta nahIM kara sktaa| krodha kI bhAvanA bhI vidyAdhyayana meM bAdhaka hai| pramAdI vyakti jJAnArjana kara nahIM sktaa| ata: bhagavAn ne bAra-bAra apane pradhAna ziSya gautama ko sambodhita karate hue kahA- "samayaM goyama mA pmaaye|" he gautama! kSaNamAtra bhI pramAda mata karo, apramatta rho| pramAda pA~ca prakAra kA haimada, viSaya (kAmabhoga), kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha), nidrA aura vikathA (arthahIna, rAgadveSavarddhaka vaartaa)| ye durguNa Aja hamAre samAja meM bar3ha rahe haiM jo zikSA prApti meM bAdhaka haiN| vidyArthI ko sadaiva jAgarUka rahanA cAhie tathA apanA samaya Alasya, vyasanoM ke sevana, gapa-zapa Adi meM nahIM bitAnA caahie| zikSAzIla kauna? uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM eka sthAna para prazna AtA hai ki zikSAzIla vidyArthI kise kaheM? jisa vyakti meM ATha prakAra ke nimna lakSaNa haiM vaha zikSA ke yogya kahA gayA hai| ve lakSaNa isa prakAra haiM 1. jo adhika ha~sI-majAka nahIM karatA hai| 2. jo apane mana kI vAsanAoM para niyantraNa rakhatA hai| 3. jo kisI kI gupta bAta ko prakaTa nahIM krtaa| 4. jo AcAra-vihIna nahIM hai|

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5. jainAgama meM bhAratIya zikSA ke mUlya jo doSoM se kalaMkita nahIM hai| 6. jo atyadhika rasa - lolupa nahIM hai / 7. jo bahuta krodha nahIM karatA aura 8. jo hamezA satya meM anurakta rahatA hai| isa prakAra kI zikSA manuSya ko U~cA uThAne kI preraNA detI hai| caritra ko U~cA uThAeM Aja sUcanA takanIkI ( Information Technology) kA drutagAmI vikAsa huA hai / reDiyo, TI0vI0, kampyUTara, iNTaraneTa Adi dvArA vizva kA sampUrNa jJAna sahajatA se upalabdha ho rahA hai, lekina agara bAlaka ke caritra-nirmANa para dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA to ye vaijJAnika sAdhana use patita kara sakate haiM / Aja vizva ke sarvAdhika samRddha rASTra amerikA kA eka vidyArthI 18 varSa kI umra taka kama se kama 12000 hatyAeM, balAtkAra Adi ke dRzya TI0vI0 Adi para dekha letA hai| usa vidyArthI ke komala mastiSka para isakA kaisA bhayaGkara prabhAva par3atA hai ? Aja yahI takanIka hamAre deza meM bhI sulabha ho gayI hai| aneka prakAra ke cainala va calacitra TI0vI0 para pradarzita hote haiM jo 24 ghaNTe calate rahate haiN| unameM se aneka hiMsA va azlIlatA ko bar3hAvA dene vAle, hamAre pArivArika jIvana ko vikhaNDita karane vAle hote haiN| hamArI sarakAra bhI adhika AmadanI ke lAlaca meM unheM bar3hAvA detI hai| isalie samAja kA yaha dAyitva hai ki jo vyakti zikSaNazAlAeM calAte haiM unake dvArA vidyArthiyoM ko caritra-nirmANa ke saMskAra diye jaayeN| kevala nAma ke jaina vidyAlaya calAne se kAma nahIM hogA, una vidyAlayoM meM jaina- saMskAroM kA bhI jJAna denA hogA. yathA mAtA-pitA kI bhakti, guru-bhakti, dharma-bhakti va rASTra bhkti| isI prakAra se vidyArthiyoM ko mAnava mAtra se prema, paropakAra kI bhAvanA, jIva rakSA ke saMskAra dene hoNge| use yaha mahasUsa karAnA ki koI duHkhI vyakti hai to usako yathA zakya madada denA, sAmAnyajana ke sukha-duHkha meM sammilita honA, kisI ke bhI prati dveSa nahIM rakhanA Adi saMskAra jIvana ko utkarSa kI ora le jAte haiN| Aja vizva kA bauddhika vikAsa to bahuta huA para AdhyAtmika vikAsa nahIM huaa| mahAkavi dinakara ne bar3A sundara kahA hai - : buddhi tRSNA kI dAsI huI, mRtyu kA sevaka hai vijJAna / cetatA aba bhI nahIM manuSya, vizva kA kyA hogA bhagavAn ? 105 manuSya kI buddhi tRSNA kI dAsI ho gayI hai| tRSNA nirantara bar3hatI jA rahI hai| vijJAna kA bhI upayoga adhikAMzataH vidhvaMsaka astroM ke sRjana meM ho rahA hai| aisI sthiti meM manuSya aura zAnti kaise prApta hogI ? ko sukha

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106 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka ___ bhAratIya zikSA kA Adarza hai- bhautika jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika jJAna kA smnvy| jaina zikSA ke tIna abhinna aMga haiM-- zraddhA, bhakti aura krm| samyak darzana se hama jIvana ko zraddhAmaya banAte haiM, samyaka jJAna se hama padArthoM ke sahI svarUpa ko samajhate haiM aura samyak cAritra se hama sukarma kI ora prerita hote haiN| ina tInoM kA jaba hamAre jIvana meM vikAsa hotA hai tabhI hamAre jIvana meM pUrNatA AtI hai| yahI jaina zikSA kA sandeza hai, hama apramatta baneM, saMyamI baneM, jAgarUka baneM, cAritra-sampanna bneN| tabhI hamAre rASTra kA tathA vizva kA kalyANa sambhava hai| sandarbha-sUcI 1. ananta sadAziva altekara, prAcIna bhAratIya zikSaNa paddhati. 2. isibhAsiyAI, 17/1-2. 3. svAmI vivekAnanda saMcayana, bhAga 3, pR0 302. 4. vahI, bhAga 5, pR0 342. 5. upAsakadazAMgasUtra, 7/22/7. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 9/4/3. 7. vahI, 9/2/22. 8. vahI, 9/2/24. 9. AcArAGgasUtra, 1/2/3/4; uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 2/20 evaM 6/2. 10. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 11/3.

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gAMdhI cintana meM ahiMsA evaM usakI prAsaMgikatA (jehAdI hiMsA ke sandarbha meM) rAjendra siMha gurjara gAMdhI-cintana kA kendrIya tattva satya va ahiMsA hai| satya kA artha hai - jisakI sattA hai, jo zAzvata hai| satya ko eka nirapekSa sattA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| unhoMne satya kI mahattA ko svIkArate hue Izvara satya hai, ke sthAna para satya hI Izvara hai, kahanA adhika upayukta smjhaa| gAMdhI jI ke anusAra nirapekSa satya sarvavyApaka, sarvazaktimAna aura zAzvata hai| ahiMsA kA artha spaSTa karate hue batAyA ki ahiMsA hiMsA na karanA hI nahIM hai balki manasA, vAcA va karmaNA se kisI bhI jIva ko hAni yA Thesa na pahu~cAnA hai| vyakti sabhI jIvoM ke prati sadaiva dayAlutApUrNa vyavahAra kre| samagra rUpa meM dekhA jAye to gAMdhI jI kI vicAradhArA, unakA cintana satya tathA ahiMsA para TikA huA thaa| unakI vicAradhArA satya aura lokakalyANa kI ora le jAne vAlI thii| atyAcAra ke viruddha ahiMsA tathA satya ko hI prabhAvazAlI evaM amogha zastra unhoMne svIkAra kiyaa| * gAMdhI jI ke anusAra ahiMsA vaha sAdhana hai jisake dvArA satya kI sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai| gAMdhI jI ne spaSTa kiyA ki satya kI prApti ke lie ahiMsA anivArya sAdhana hai| ata: ahiMsA svayaM meM sAdhya na hote hue bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki usake binA satya kI sAdhanA hI asambhava hai| ahiMsA gAMdhIjI kA AviSkAra nahIM hai balki ahiMsA kA Adarza bhAratIya upaniSadoM, buddha tathA mahAvIra svAmI ke darzana meM zatAbdiyoM pahale pratipAdita kiyA gayA thaa| ahiMsA ke sambandha meM gAMdhIjI kA yogadAna yaha hai ki unhoMne navIna sandarbha meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko parimArjita kiyA aura mAnavIya AcAra ke eka jIvanta niyama ke rUpa meM usakI pUrNa vyavasthA kii| sthUla aura paramparAgata artha meM ahiMsA eka nakArAtmaka zabda hai jisakA artha haiM, 'hiMsA na karanA' athavA 'hiMsA kA abhaav'| kintu gAMdhIjI ahiMsA ke nakArAtmaka artha ko apUrNa mAnate the| unhoMne ahiMsA ke nakArAtmaka aura sakArAtmaka donoM pakSoM *. zodhacchAtra, gAMdhI adhyayana kendra, rAjanIti vijJAna vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura.

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108 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka para bala diyA aura spaSTa kiyA ki ahiMsA kA marma kisI ko kSati na pahu~cAne kI sthUla va bhautika kriyA kI apekSA isa kriyA ke pIche vidyamAna mantavya meM nihita hai| isa prakAra nakArAtmaka yA niSedhAtmaka vicAra ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kA artha hai, kisI bhI prANI ko vicAra, zabdoM yA kAryoM se hAni na phuNcaanaa| kintu yaha nakArAtmaka artha tabhI pUrNa hotA hai jabaki isake mUla meM isa niyama kI sakArAtmaka preraNA mAtra ke prati nirapavAda prema Avazyaka rUpa se vidyamAna ho| gAMdhIjI ke anusAra pratyeka vyakti ke prati jAgRta prema yA karuNA, ahiMsA kA saTIka mApadaNDa hai| unhoMne udAharaNa diyA 'yadi maiM kisI aise vyakti para jo mujha para AkramaNa karane Aye, badale meM prahAra na karU~, to merA yaha kRtya ahiMsaka ho bhI sakatA hai aura nahIM bhii| yadi maiM bhaya ke kAraNa usa para prahAra na karU~ to yaha ahiMsA nahIM hai; kintu yadi maiM pUrNatayA sacetana hokara prahAra karane vAle ke prati karuNA aura prema ke kAraNa usa para hamalA nahIM karatA hU~ to yaha nizcita rUpa se ahiMsA hai|' gAMdhIjI ke anusAra ahiMsA kA sAra sAkSAta prema meM samAviSTa hai unhoMne spaSTa kiyA ki apane mitroM aura sambandhiyoM se prema karanA to sahaja bhAva hai| saccA ahiMsaka dRSTikoNa vaha hai jo vyakti ko apane virodhiyoM aura zatruoM se bhI prema karane ke lie prerita kre| unhoMne kahA- "ahiMsA usa vyakti ke prati prema-saMvedanA aura sevA ke bhAva meM nihita hai jise ghRNA karane ke lie kAraNa upasthiti ho| aise vyakti ke prati prema karane meM jo hameM prema karatA hai ahiMsA nihita nahIM hai, apitu yaha to svAbhAvika niyama hai|"3 gAMdhIjI ke anusAra saccI ahiMsA vaha hai jo niHsvArtha aura nirapekSa ho| ___ gAMdhIjI kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki ahiMsA kA vicAra koI jar3a siddhAnta nahIM hai, apitu eka guNAtmaka aura naitika AsthA hai| ataH viziSTa paristhitiyoM meM ahiMsA kA niyama kisI ko na mArane ke sthUla vicAra kI apekSA, dUsaroM ke prati niHsvArtha prema aura unheM pIr3A va kaSTa se mukta karane kI nirmala preraNA se nirdiSTa hotA hai| unhoMne aisI paristhiti ko svIkAra kiyA jabaki kisI dUsare prANI ke zarIra ko naSTa kara dene athavA usake prANa le lene ko bhI hiMsA na mAnA jaaye| gAMdhIjI ne spaSTa kiyA yadi koI prANI aisI pIr3A se karAha rahA hai jisakA upacAra asambhava hai, to use usa asahanIya pIr3A se mukta karane kI dRSTi se mAra DAlanA hiMsA nahIM mAnA jaayegaa| gAMdhIjI ne apane.Azrama meM eka bachar3e ko viSa dilavAkara maravA diyA, kyoMki vaha asahAya pIr3A se tar3apa rahA thA aura yaha bhalI-bhAMti nizcita ho cukA thA ki usakI pIr3A ko kama karanA tathA usake prANoM ko bacAnA asambhava thaa| jaba kucha logoM ne gAMdhIjI ke isa nirNaya ke ahiMsaka hone meM sandeha kiyA to gAMdhIjI ne spaSTa kiyA ki yaha kRtya pUrI taraha ahiMsaka thA, kyoMki usake pIche koI svArtha bhAvanA nahIM thI, apitu bachar3e ko kaSTa se mukta karane kA uddezya nihita thaa| gAMdhIjI ne dRr3hatApUrvaka kahA "yadi merA putra bhI isa sthiti meM

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gAMdhI cintana meM ahiMsA evaM usakI prAsaMgikatA : 109 hotA to maiM nizcita rUpa se yahI krtaa| kisI pavitra uddezya se kisI ko mAranA yA kaSTa pahu~cAnA ahiMsaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kisI kRtya ko ahiMsaka ThaharAne ke lie do zarteM Avazyaka haiM 1. 2. aise kRtya ke pIche pavitra uddezya hI nahIM, sambandhita prANI kA hita bhI nihita honA caahie| yaha bhalI-bhA~ti sunizcita kara liyA jAnA cAhie ki usa prANI ko bhautika kSati pahu~cAnA usake hita kI pUrti ke lie ekamAtra sambhava upAya hai tathA svayaM usake hita kI pUrti use bhautika rUpa se kSati pahu~cAne ke alAvA anya kisI rIti se kI hI nahIM jA sakatI / " gAMdhIjI ke lie ahiMsA AsthA va niSThA kA viSaya hai, koI vyAvahArika nIti nhiiN| nIti vyakti ke svArthaparaka uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie parivartita kI jA sakatI hai; kintu eka naitika AsthA ke rUpa meM ahiMsA ke prati samarpita vyakti kI AsthA kisI kaThina se kaThina paristhiti meM bhI aDiga rahatI haiN| gAMdhI ke anusAra ahiMsA mAnava ke garimAmaya astitva kA zAzvata niyama hai; kintu usakI asIma zakti tabhI sakriya ho sakatI hai, jabaki use apanAne vAle vyakti kA mana, mastiSka aura AcaraNa ahiMsA ke prati AsthA se pUrI taraha ota-prota ho / 7 ahiMsA kAyaratA nahIM gAMdhIjI kI ahiMsA meM kAyaratA ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| unhoMne spaSTa kiyA ki ahiMsA eka aisA astra hai jisakA prayoga kevala bahAduroM dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| unakA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA ki bhaya aura ahiMsA eka dUsare ke bilkula viparIta prakRtiyA~ haiN| unhoMne spaSTa kiyA ki jaba taka vyakti pUrI taraha nirbhIka nahIM hogA, vaha sarvocca mAnavIya sadguNoM ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kI prabhAvakArI zakti ko AtmasAt hI nahIM kara skegaa| gAMdhIjI ne kahA ki "ahiMsA sarvocca sadguNa hai, kAyaratA nikRSTatama durguNa / ahiMsA meM kaSTa sahane kI tatparatA aura kAyaratA meM kaSTa pahu~cAne kI pravRtti hotI hai / ahiMsaka kRtya kabhI naitika vivAda utpanna nahIM kara sakatA jabaki kAyaratA sadaiva naitika patana kA kAraNa hogaa| "" gAMdhIjI kA dRr3ha mata thA ki ahiMsA kA abhyAsa kAyaroM dvArA kiyA jAnA sambhava hI nahIM haiN| kisI anyAya kA hiMsaka sAdhanoM se pratikAra karane vAle vyakti kI tulanA meM ahiMsA ke anuyAyI kI anivArya rUpa se adhika sAhasa aura zaurya kI AvazyakatA hogii|" unakA mata thA ki "jo vyakti yuddha ke lie talavAra lie hue hai, nizcita rUpa

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110 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka se bahAdura hai; kintu vaha vyakti jo apanI kaniSThikA ko uThAye binA bhI aura binA kisI bhaya ke mRtyu kA sAmanA karane ke lie taiyAra hai, nizcita rUpa se adhika bahAdura haiN| jaba taka koI vyakti apane hAtha meM talavAra rakhanA cAhatA hai, taba taka yaha spaSTa hai ki usane pUrNa nirbhayatA kI sthiti prApta nahIM kI hai| dUsarI ora aise vyakti ko koI bhaya prabhAvita kara hI nahIM sakatA jisane svayaM ko ahiMsA kI talavAra se susajjita kara liyA hai|"10 gAMdhIjI kA mata hai ki ahiMsA ke sAdhaka ke sAmane eka hI bhaya hotA hai aura vaha hai Izvara kA bhy| ahiMsaka vyakti ko nazvara zarIra kI tulanA meM AtmA kI zAzvatatA meM vizvAsa hotA hai| "AtmA kI zAzvatatA kA jJAna ho jAne mAtra se vaha apane nazvara zarIra kA moha chor3a detA hai aura vaha isa satya ko jAna letA hai ki hiMsA dvArA nazvara aura sthUla cIjoM kI hI surakSA kI jA sakatI hai, jabaki ahiMsA dvArA AtmA aura AtmasammAna kI rakSA kI jA sakatI hai|' 11 gAMdhIjI ne svIkAra kiyA ki samasta vyakti ahiMsA ke pAlana meM samAna rUpa se sakSama nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ahiMsA ke lie Avazyaka nirbhIkatA aura Atmabala ko saba vyaktiyoM meM samAna rUpa se utpanna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| unake anusAra kisI vyakti ke ahiMsaka AcaraNa kI prakRti usake pAsa upalabdha Atmabala aura nirbhIkatA kI mAtrA ke anupAta meM nizcita hotI hai| ata: isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue unhoMne ahiMsA kI tIna zreNiyoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai- 1. jAgRta ahiMsA, 2. aucityapUrNa ahiMsA, 3. bhIruoM yA kAyaroM kI ahiNsaa| jAgRta ahiMsA vaha hai jo vyakti ke antarrAtmA kI pukAra para svAbhAvika rUpa se janma letI hai| ise vyakti apane Antarika vicAroM kI utkRSTatA athavA naitikatA ke kAraNa svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra kI ahiMsA meM asambhava ko bhI sambhava meM badala dene kI apAra zakti nihita hotI hai| aucityapUrNa ahiMsA vaha hai jo jIvana ke kisI kSetra meM vizeSa AvazyakatA par3ane para aucityAnusAra eka nIti ke rUpa meM apanAyI jaae| yadyapi yaha ahiMsA durbala vyaktiyoM kI hai, para yadi isakA pAlana ImAnadArI aura dRDhatA se kiyA jAya to yaha kAphI zaktizAlI aura lAbhadAyaka siddha ho sakatI hai| kAyaroM kI ahiMsA niSkriya ahiMsA hai| ata: kAyaratA aura ahiMsA, pAnI tathA Aga kI bhA~ti eka sAtha nahIM raha skte|12 gAMdhI kI ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA para prazna cihna; jehAdI hiMsA vartamAna meM vizva ke samakSa AtaMkavAda kI samasyA mu~ha phAr3e khar3I huI hai| AtaMkavAda kyA hai isakI Ajataka sarvasammata paribhASA nahIM dI gayI hai| koI isako eka pravRtti mAnatA hai to koI apanI bAta, apane mata, apane vicAra ko dUsaroM se hiMsA

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gAMdhI cintana meM ahiMsA evaM usakI prAsaMgikatA : 111 dvArA manavAne ko AtaMkavAda kahatA hai / ataH AtaMkavAda vyakti kI vaha pravRtti hai, jisameM vaha apanI mAMgeM manavAne ke lie carama hiMsA kA prayoga karake vyakti vizeSa, samAja yA kisI sarakAra para dabAva DAle arthAt AtaMkavAda kA Azaya, apanI mAMge manavAne ke lie bala prayoga se hai / parantu samAja ne isameM kucha apavAda bhI mAne haiM(1) surakSA hetu kI gayI hiMsA, (2) zAnti ke nAma para kI gayI hiMsA evaM (3) eka rASTra kA dUsare rASTra se yuddha ityAdi / AtaMkavAda aura yuddha virodhI loga AtaMkavAda ko sAmAjika kalaMka yA pApa niropita kahate haiN| gAMdhIjI ne dharma ke saMkIrNa artha ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA balki unakI dRSTi meM dharma zAzvata aura sArvabhauma naitika niyamoM kA saMgraha hai| unhoMne kahA "mere mata meM dharma ACT artha hai naitiktaa| maiM aise kisI dharma ko nahIM mAnatA jo naitikatA kA virodha karatA ho yA naitikatA ke pare koI upadeza detA ho / dharma to vAstava meM naitikatA ko vyavahAra meM ghaTita karane kI parAkASThA hai| 14 ataH naitikatA dharma kA kendra bindu hai| gAMdhIjI kisI dharma vizeSa ko mahattva na dekara sabhI dharmoM ko samAna mahattva dete the| unhoMne kahA ki "vibhinna dharma to, eka hI lakSya ko prApta karane ke vibhinna mArga haiN| jaba hamArA lakSya eka hI hai to isa bAta se koI pharka nahIM par3atA ki hama usakI prApti ke lie alaga-alaga rAstoM para cala rahe haiN|" 15 ataH gAMdhIjI sabhI dharmoM ke prati sammAna bhAva rakhate the| vartamAna AtaMkavAdI yuga meM dharma kI vyAkhyA usake anuyAyI apanI suvidhA ke anusAra kara rahe haiM / islAmI dezoM meM vibhinna prakAra ke jehAdI nAre diye jA rahe haiN| inakA mAnanA hai ki islAma khatare meM hai isalie jehAda karo arthAt islAma ko bacAne ke lie kAphiroM ko mAro aura allAha ke pAsa svarga meM sthAna surakSita kro| inakA yaha bhI mAnanA hai ki anya dharmoM ke kAraNa hamArA islAma saMkaTa meM hai isalie isako hiMsA karake bcaao| gAMdhIjI rAjanIti meM dharma kI bAta karate the, jabaki vartamAna meM dharma kA rAjanItikaraNa ho gayA hai| Aja eka dharma kI dUsare se TakarAhaTa paidA ho gayI hai aura usameM hiMsA kA praveza ho cukA hai| isameM doSa dharma kA nahIM balki mAnava vicAroM kA hai| aise meM gAMdhI kI ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA para praznacihna laga jAtA hai ki jaba dharma kA hI istemAla hiMsAtmaka tarIke se hone laga jAye to ahiMsA kA pATha ki par3hAyA jaaye| AtaMkavAda ke do rUpa mukhyataH dekhane ko milate haiM- (1) jehAdI AtaMkavAda evaM (2) AtmaghAtI AtaMkavAda / pahale meM dharma kA istemAla jehAda ke nAma para kiyA jA rahA hai to dUsare AtaMkavAda meM AtaMkavAdI svayaM apane prANoM kI cintA kiye binA AtaMkI hiMsA phailA rahe haiN| jaba vyakti svayaM marane evaM mArane para hI utArU hai to aisI sthiti meM ahiMsA kA pATha kise par3hAyA jAye ?

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112 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka amerikA meM AtaMkavAdiyoM ne apane prANoM kI cintA kiye binA hajAroM logoM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA isakI pratikriyAsvarUpa amerikA ne aphagAnistAna meM havAI hamaloM ke dvArA hajAroM logoM ko mauta kI nIMda sulA diyaa| kyA yaha AtaMkavAda nahIM hai? bhArata, cecanyA, philIpInsa evaM kosovoM meM jehAda ke nAma para pratidina hiMsAtmaka gatividhiyA~ jArI haiN| gAMdhIjI hRdaya parivartana kI bAta karate haiM; kintu jaba vyakti binA kisI bhaya, binA kisI cintA ke hiMsA karane para utArU hai to aisI sthiti meM usakA hRdaya parivartana karanA kaThina hai| Aja hameM Atmacintana karane kI AvazyakatA hai| isake liye naitika mUlyoM ko kendrIya tattva mAnate hue jehAdI yuvakoM kI mUla samasyAoM kI pahacAna karanI hogii| isake lie rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya svayaMsevI saMgaThanoM ko sAmAjika samasyAoM kA nyAyocita samAdhAna karake hI unako ahiMsA kA pATha par3hAyA jA sakatA hai| isI se vyakti ko vyakti se evaM rASTra ko rASTra se jor3A jA sakatA hai aura vizva meM zAnti sthApita kI jA sakatI hai| sandarbha 1. harijana, 7 sitambara, 1935. 2. navajIvana, 31 mArca 1929 3. prabhA bena kA likhA patra, 5 pharavarI, 1932. 4. kalekTeDa varksa oNpha mahAtmA gAMdhI, khaNDa 50, pR0 207. 5. uparokta, khaNDa 50, pR0 212 6. uparokta, khaNDa 50, pR0 212. 7. harijana, 19 disambara, 1936. 8. yaMga iNDiyA, 31 akTUbara 1929 9. . yaMga iNDiyA, 3 janavarI, 1929. 10. kalekTeDa varksa oNpha mahAtmA gAMdhI, khaNDa 44, pR0 187. 11. harijana, 1 sitambara, 1940. 12. gopInAtha dhavana, sarvodaya darzana, pR0 74. 13. gAMdhI mArga, maI-jUna 1989, pR0 11 14. navajIvana, 21 julAI 1929 15. harijana, 30 apraila 1938.

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kharataragaccha - AdyapakSIyazAkhA kA itihAsa zivaprasAda kharataragaccha se samaya-samaya para udbhUta vibhinna zAkhAoM meM AdyapakSIyazAkhA bhI eka hai| kharataragaccha kI pippalaka zAkhA ke pravartaka AcArya jinavardhanasUri ke praziSya jinasamudrasUri ke paTTadhara AcArya jinadevasUri se vi0saM0 1566 yA 1569 meM yaha zAkhA astitva meM aayii| isa zAkhA kA ukta nAmakaraNa kyo huA? kisa kAraNa se evaM kisa sthAna se yaha zAkhA astitva meM AyI? ye sabhI prazna pramANoM ke abhAva meM abhI anuttarita hI haiN| yadyapi isa zAkhA se sambaddha sAhityika aura abhilekhIya donoM prakAra ke sAkSya , milate haiM tathApi kharataragaccha kI anya zAkhAoM kI tulanA meM unakI saMkhyA svalpa hI hai| sAmprata nibandha meM ukta sabhI sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para kharataragaccha kI isa zAkhA ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| AdyapakSIyazAkhA ke AdyapuruSa jinadevasUri dvArA pratiSThApita na to koI pratimA milatI hai aura na hI inake dvArA racita koI sAhityika kRti hI milatI hai; kintu inake ziSya evaM paTTadhara jinasiMhasUri dvArA pratiSThApita tIna jina pratimAe~ Aja milatI haiM jo vi0saM0 1617-27 kI haiN| prathama lekha vi0saM0 1617 kA hai jo zAntinAtha kI dhAtu-pratimA para utkIrNa hai| zrIbuddhisAgarasUrijI ne isakI vAcanA dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : saM0 1617 varSe pauSa vadi 1 gurau osavAla jJA.sA. sahasavIrabhA0 siriyAdepu0 sA0 sakalacanda laSAjasAratAyutena ca zreyase zrIzAMtinAthabiMbaM kA0pra0 zrIkharataragacche shriijinsiNhsuuribhiH|| vartamAna meM yaha pratimA ajitanAtha derAsara, ahamadAbAda meM saMrakSita hai| dvitIya lekha vi0saM0 1627 kA hai, jo pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu kI pratimA para utkIrNa hai| AcArya buddhisAgarasUri ne isa lekha kA bhI mUla pATha diyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : saM0 1627 varSe vaizAkha sudi 3 zukre ukezavaMze pipalIyAgotre sA0 gaThiyA bhA0 babA laghubhrAtR sA0 cAMpA pu0sA0 vIrajI svapuNyArthaM zrIpArzvanAthabiMbaM kA0

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114 : zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka zrIbRhatkharataragacche zrIjinasiMhasUribhiH isI tithi aura vArayukta eka pratimA dharmanAtha kI bhI prApta huI hai| isa para utkIrNa lekha ke anusAra yaha pratimA bhI jinasiMhasUri dvArA hI pratiSThApita huI thii| vartamAna meM yaha pratimA paMcAyatI mandira, laskara - gvAliyara meM saMrakSita hai| * yadyapi uparokta abhilekhoM meM kahIM bhI kharataragaccha kI AdyapakSIyazAkhA kA ullekha nahIM hai balki vi0saM0 1627 kI pArzvanAtha kI pratimA para utkIrNa lekha meM to pratimApratiSThApaka jinasiMhasUri ko kharataragaccha kI bRhatzAkhA se sambaddha batalAyA gayA hai, parantu isa kAla meM kharataragaccha kI AdyapakSIyazAkhA ko chor3akara kinhIM anya zAkhAoM meM isa nAma ke koI AcArya nahIM hue haiM ataH ukta pratimAlekhoM meM ullikhita jinasiMhari ko kharataragaccha kI AdyapakSIyazAkhA se sambaddha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| jinasiMhasUra dvArA pratiSThApita eka anya pratimA bhI prApta huI hai, jo paMcAyatI mandira jayapura meM saMrakSita hai| isa lekha meM pratimA pratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM jinasiMhasUri kA ullekha karate hue unake guru jinadevasUri aura praguru jinasamudrasUri kA bhI nAma diyA gayA hai| cUMki isa lekha kA kucha bhAga ghisa gayA hai, ataH yaha pratimA kaba sthApita kI gayI, yaha jJAta nahIM ho paataa| cU~ki inake paTTadhara jinacandrasUri chArA pratiSThApita sarvaprathama jinapratimA vi0saM0 1629 kI hai, ataH yaha nizcaya hI vi0saM0 1639 ke pUrva kI hogii| maho0 vinayasAgara ne isa lekha kI vAcanA dI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai 6 sArvabhaumarAjezvara rAjAdhirAja mahArAja zrIrAjasiMha vijayarAjye varSe vaizAkha mAse sitapakSe bhASaNasaMtAnIya UkezavaMze bhAMDAgArikagotre bhaMDArI nagarAja putra bhaM0 amarA tatputra mAnA nArAyaNa narasiMha somacanda saMgAra acaladAsa kapUradAsAdiparivAra zrIpArzvanAthabiMbaM kAritaM pratiSThitaM AdyapakSIya zrIbRhatkharataragacche bha0 zrIjinasamudrasUripaTTe zrIjinadevasUripaTTe zrIjinasiMhasUribhiH zrImajja............ ......... vi0saM0 1639 se 1672 taka ke kucha pratimAlekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM inake ziSya jinacandrasUri kA nAma milatA hai| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : ratnacanda ke

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lekhAMka pratiSThA varSa tithi/vAra pratimAlekha/ stambhalekha 1. 1639 mAgha sudi 5 guruvAra ajitanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha 2. 1654 vaizAkhasudi 5 somavAra candraprabha kI paMcatIrthI pratimA kA lekha 3. 1656 vaizAkha sita (sudi) ajitanAtha kI caubIsI 3 ravivAra pratimA kA lekha pratiSThAsthAna cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, mer3atAsiTI cintAmaNipArzvanAtha jinAlaya, kucerA cintAmaNipArzvanAtha jinAlaya, mer3atA siTI sandarbha-grantha pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 1037 vahI, lekhAMka 1064 vahI, lekhAMka 1069 evaM jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 780 pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 1 4. 1661 vaizAkha vadi 8 somavAra zAntinAtha kI caubIsI pratimA kA lekha mAgha vadi 9 guruvAra ajitanAtha kI pratimA kA 1077 kharataragaccha - AdyapakSIyazAkhA kA itihAsa 1665 vijayagacchIya mandira, vahI, lekhAMka 1085 / / lekha jayapura 6. 1668 jyeSTha sudi 15 guruvAra zAsvatajinabimba para utkIrNa lekha cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, jinAlaya, suMdhI TolA, lekhAMka 1585 lakhanaU cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka jinAlaya, mer3atA siTI .1094 7. 1669 ASADha ...... guruvAra padmaprabha kI pratimA kA lekha : 115

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8. 10. 11. 1669 1669 1672 1672 mAgha sudi 5 guruvAra "" phAlguna vadi 8 phAlguna sudi 2 zukravAra zAntinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha mahAvIra kI pratimA kA lekha "" "" " upakezagacchIya zAntinAtha jinAlaya, mer3atA siTI cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, mer3atA siTI. vahI, lekhAMka 1095 vahI, lekhAMka 1096 evaM jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 773 pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 1106 vahI, lekhAMka 1104 116 3 zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka

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kharataragaccha - AdyapakSIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 117 vi0saM0 1639 evaM 1656 ke pratimAlekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka jinacandrasUri ke guru jinasiMhasUri aura praguru jinadevasUri kA bhI nAma milatA hai| isI prakAra vi0saM0 1669 ke donoM pratimAlekhoM meM jinacandrasUri ke pUrvavartI tIna paTTadhara AcAryoM -- jinasamudrasUri, jinadevasUri aura jinasiMhasUri kA bhI nAma mila jAtA hai| isa prakAra abhilekhIya sAkSyoM dvArA isa zAkhA ke cAra paTTadhara AcAryoM ke nAma jJAta ho jAte haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : jinasamudrasUri jinadevasUri jinasiMhasUri jinacandrasUri (vi0saM0 1639-1672 ke madhya vibhinna jinapratimAoM ke pratiSThApaka) jinacandrasUri ke paTTadhara jinaharSasUri hue| isI zAkhA ke kIrtivardhana nAmaka eka racanAkAra dvArA racita jinaharSasUriphAgu nAmaka kRti prApta hotI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki vi0saM0 1693 meM jinaharSasUri apane guru ke paTTadhara bane aura vi0saM0 1725 meM inakA dehAnta huaa| inake dvArA vi0saM0 1713 meM pratiSThApita pArzvanAtha kI eka salekha pratimA prApta huI hai, jo Aja bIkAnera meM gogAdaravAjA sthita gaur3IpArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM saMrakSita hai| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne isa lekha kI vAcanA dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai saM0 1723 varSe bha0 tArAcaMda pArzvanAtha biMbaMkAritaM pratiSThitaM zrIjinaharSasUribhiH kharataragacche aadypkssiiy|| jinaharSasUri ke paTTadhara jinalabdhisUri hue jinake dvArA vi0saM0 1750 meM racita navakAramahAtmyacaupAI nAmaka kRti prApta hotI hai| jinaharSa ke eka anya ziSya sumatihaMsa hue jinake dvArA vi0saM0 1686-1730 ke madhya racI gayI vibhinna kRtiyA~ prApta hotI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM:

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118 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 1. meghakumAracaupAI racanAkAla vi0saM0 1686 2. jayasenalIlAvatIrAsa ,, vi0saM0 1691 3. caubIsIgIta ,, vi0saM0 1697 4. candanamalayagiricaupAI vi0saM0 1711 5. kAlakAcAryakathAbAlAvabodha ,, vi0saM0 1712 6. arahannakacaupAI ,, vi0saM0 1712 7. rAtribhojanacaupAI ,, vi0saM0 1730 8. caturdazasvapna ,, vi0saM0 18vIM zatI 9. kalpasUtrakalpacandrikA sumatihaMsa ke ziSya mativardhana hue, jinake dvArA vi0saM0 1738 meM racita gautamapRcchATIkA nAmaka kRti milatI hai|12 mativardhana ke ziSya AnandanidhAna dvArA bhI racita kaI kRtiyAM milatI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : 1. kuladhvajakumArarAsa'3 racanAkAla vi0saM0 1734 2. kIrtidharasukozalacauDhAliyA'4 - vi0saM0 1736 3. devarAjavaccharAjacaupAI15 ,, vi0saM0 1748 4. sAsvatabhASATIkA'6 ,, vi0saM0 18vIM zatI agaracandajI nAhaTA ke saMgraha meM kharataragaccha-AdyapakSIyazAkhA kI eka paTTAvalI saMrakSita hai, jisake AdhAra para unhoMne isa zAkhA ke munijanoM kI gurvAvalI dI hai17 jo isa prakAra hai : jinavardhanasUri - jinacandrasUri - jinasamudrasUri - jinadevari (AdyapakSIyazAkhA ke AdipuruSa)- jinasiMhasUri - jinacandrasUri - jinaharSasUri - jinalabdhisUri - jinamANikyasUri - jinacandrasUri - jinodayasUri - jinasaMbhavasUri- jinadharmasUri- jinacandrasUri - jinakIrtisUri- jinabuddhivallabhasUri - jinakSamAratnasUri - jincndrsuuri| AdyapakSIyazAkhA kI vartamAna meM upalabdha ekamAtra paTTAvalI meM jinamANikyasUri se antima paTTadhara jinacandrasUri taka jitane bhI nAma milate haiM una sabhI ke bAre meM anyatra koI sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| cU~ki jinadevasUri se jinalabdhisUri taka ke paTTadhara AcAryoM ke nAma aura krama jo isa paTTAvalI meM haiM, unakA sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se bhI samarthana hotA hai| ata: isameM jinamANikyasUri se jinacandrasari taka jo bhI nAma milate haiM, unheM prAmANika mAnane meM koI bAdhA dikhAyI nahIM detii| isa zAkhA

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kharataragaccha AdyapakSIyazAkhA kA itihAsa .. 119 ke antima paTTadhara AcArya jinacandrasUri kA vi0saM0 2000/ I0sa0 1944 meM dehAnta ho gayA / " maho0 vinayasAgarajI kI sUcanA ke anusAra vartamAna meM isa zAkhA se sambaddha kucha yati vidyamAna hai| 119 sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para isa zAkhA ke munijanoM kA jo vidyAvaMzavRkSa taiyAra hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : -> vardhamAnasUri jinezvarasUrijinacandrasUri abhayadevasUri (navAGgITIkAkAra) - jinavallabhasUri- - jinadattasUri maNidhArI jinacandrasUri - jinapatisUrijinezvarasUri jinaprabodhasUri jinacandrasUri jinakuzalasUrijinapadmasUri - jinalabdhisUrijinacandrasUri - jinodaya-sUri -> -> - jinarAjasUri jinabhadrasUri (kharataragaccha - mukhyazAkhA) jinavardhanasUri (kharataragaccha-pippalakazAkhA ke pravartaka) jinacandrasUri jinasAgarasUri jinasamudrasUri jinadevasUri (kharataragaccha-AdyapakSIyazAkhA ke pravartaka) sumatihaMsa (vi0saM0 1686-1730 ke madhya vibhinna kRtiyoM ke racanAkAra) 1 I jinasiMhasUri ( vi0 saM0 1617-27) pratimAlekha / jinacandrasUri 'prathama' ( vi0 saM0 1639-72) pratimAlekha jinaharSasUri (vi0 saM0 1712) pratimAlekha jinalabdhisUri (vi0saM0 1750 meM navakAramahAtmyacaupAI ke kartA)

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120 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka jinamaNikyasUri mativardhana (vi0saM0 1738 meM gautamapRcchATIkA ke kartA) __ AnandanidhAna (vi0saM0 1748 meM devarAjavaccharAjacaupAI evaM anya kRtiyoM ke kartA) jinacandrasUri 'dvitIya' jinodayasUri jinasaMbhavasUri jinadharmasUri jinacandrasUri 'tRtIya' jinakIrtisUri jinabuddhivallabhasUri jinakSamAratnasUri jinacandrasUri 'caturtha' (vi0saM0 2000/ I0sa01944 meM svargastha harSakuzala ke ziSya dayAratna bhI kharataragaccha kI isI zAkhA se sambaddha the| unake dvArA racita haribalacaupAI20 (racanAkAla vi0saM0 1691) aura kAparaheDArAsa21 (vi0saM0 1695) ye do kRtiyA~ milatI haiN| inake ziSya kesava (kezava) aparanAma kIrtivardhana dvArA racita bhI kucha kRtiyAM milatI haiM,22 jo isa prakAra haiM sudarzanacaupAI, vi0saM0 1703, janmaprakAzikAjyotiSa, vi0saM0 17vIM-18vIM zatI, dIpakabattIsI, bhramarabattIsI, priitisvaiyaa| kharataragaccha-AdyapakSIyazAkhA ke munijanoM kI Upara pradarzita tAlikA ke munijanoM kA harSakuzala, dayAratna, kIrtivardhana Adi kA kyA sambandha rahA, yaha jJAta nahIM hotA?

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kharataragaccha - AdyapakSIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 121 8. sandarbha : 1. agaracandanAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, sampA0, aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, abhaya jaina granthamAlA, puSpa 8, kalakattA vi0saM0 1994, pR0 81. zrI vinayasAgarajI ke matAnusAra yaha zAkhA vi0saM0 1569 meM astitva meM aayii| 2. jainadhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, zrImadbuddhisAgarasUri granthamAlA, granthAMka 42, adhyAtma jJAnaprasAramaNDala, pAdarA, vi0saM0 1973, lekhAMka 1352. 3. vahI, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 1106. pUranacandanAhara, sampA0 jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, kalakattA 1927 I0, lekhAMka 1388. paM0 becaradAsa dozI, maNidhArIjinacandrasUrikAvyAJjali, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama laghu prakAzana 3, vArANasI 1980 I0, prastAvanA lekhaka- maho0 vinayasAgara, pR0 16-20. maho0 vinayasAgara, sampA0, pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, jinamaNimAlA, puSpa 4, koTA 1953 I0, lekhAMka 1037. 7. vahI, lekhAMka 1161. aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, pR0 333. agaracanda nAhaTA bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, sampA0 - bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha, abhaya jaina granthamAlA, puSpa 15, kalakattA, vIra saM0 2484, lekhAMka 1919. 10. agaracandanAhaTA bhaMvaralAlanAhaTA, sampA0 maNidhArIjinacandrasUriaSTama zatAbdIsmRtigrantha, dillI, 1971 I0, bhAga 2, "sAhityasUcI", pR050. 11. mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI, jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 3, navIna saMskaraNa, bambaI, 1987 I0, pR0 275; zItikaNTha mizra, marugUrjarajainasAhityakAbRhadaitihAsa, bhAga 2, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha granthamAlA, granthAMka 66, vArANasI 1994 I0. pR0 556. 12. sAhityasUcI, pR0 14. 13. vahI, pR0 43. 14. vahI, pR0 43 15. vahI, pR0 49. 16. vahI, pR0 34. 17. aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, pR0 81-82. 18. maNidhArIjinacandrasUrikAvyAJjali, prastAvanA, pR0 11. 19. vahI 20. sAhityasUcI, pR0 62. 21. vahI, pR0 72. 22. jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 3, navIna saMskAraNa, pR0 331-32.

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Jaina Campu Literature Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh* Campu is a kind of elaborate composition; the same subject continued therein through alternations in prose and verse. According to Dandi (7th cent. AD) Gadya-padyamayi kacit campurityabhidhiyate (Kavyadarsa I, 31) and to Visvanatha (fl. 1300-1380 AD) Gadyapadyamayam Kavyam Campurityabhidhiyate (Sahitya-darpana 6,336). Both emphasizing it as the mixed form of prose and poetry. Normally, such a form would have mediated the transmission from the metrical Kavya to the prose Kavya. But in fact, it arose after the prose Kavya. As the latter approached more and more the ornate Kavya and began to incorporate verses, a time came when the form gave up all pretense of prose work with occasional verses and became one in which prose and verse balanced in their proportions. Modern scholars like Krsna Caitanya (20th cent.), the author of Sanskrit Poetics, opine that handled with discrimination, the form would have had possibilities. For instance, prose could be used for narrative stretches lacking heightening of emotion while verse for the more lyrical and poetic sequences. But this possibility generally escaped the notice of the Campu writers, often using both mediums rather haphazardly. Consequently, the Campu lacked the force and directness of prose and the heightened expressiveness of poetry. In fact it is an innovation, requiring an equal skill in prose and poetry composition. Conversely, to some this craze for novelty has resulted only in a kind of elaborate and highly artificial composition, the same subject continued through alternations in prose and verse, therein. However, Campu literature occupies an important place in Sanskrit literature. In Sanskrit specimen are not rare, purposely mingling verses with prose for serving this or that specific end. The novelty of the Campu literature does lie in the fact that verses, here, have been brought forward, Senior Lecturer, Parswanath Vidyapeeth. *

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Jaina Campu Literature : 123 not for limited and particular purpose. But simply because the authors wanted to have the same subject described in a random and haphazard way, alternately and indifferently. In spite of not being held in very high esteem by literary critics, this form of literature is very extensive and of variegated nature, it has universal appeal to public sentiments. The Campus have been composed on very worldly subjects like local legends, local deities, common festivals, well-known personalities, and the like. The oldest known extant Campu is Nalacampu or Damayanticampu (AD 915) of Trivikrama Bhatta. In Jaina tradition, Yasastilakacampu (AD 959) of Digambara Somaprabhasuri is a good specimen of this genre. Jivandharacampu of Hariscandra (10th cent. AD) is another Jaina Campu of repute, depicting the life of the Jaina saint Jivandhara in 11 Lambhakas. It is based on the Uttara- Purana (AD 850) of Gunabhadra. Probably, he is identical with Digambara Jain Hariscandra, the author of Dharmasarmiabhyudaya. He is good imitator of great poets Magha and Vakpati. Scholars differ about the origin of the word Campu, some tracing its origin in Sanskrit while some Kannada etymologists aver that it is derived from the Kannada word 'Chen' meaning beautiful (Centum). The interesting fact that authors of the earliest Campukavyas in Sanskrit.. Nalacampu and Yasastilakacampu- hailed from Karnataka, have encouraged some Kannada scholars to conclude that the Campu Kavya was first born in Kannada and subsequently adopted by Sanskrit poets. Gunavarma I, the Kannada poet flourished at the court of king Ereyappa (864-913 AD) on whom Ganga king has conferred the title of Mahendrantaka, wrote the Campu Kavyar Harivansa and Sudraka, is probably the first Kannada poet to compose the Campu Kavya. Both these works are not available today but extracts from these both in verse and prose, have been included in latter works. The mention of a number of works of earlier authors as composed in both Gadya and Padya, in the earliest Kannada work available today i.e. Kaviraja Marga on poetics (AD 850) is a proof that the Campu was first written in Kannada and was subsequently adopted by Sanskrit poets. The Campu is supposed to contain Astadasa Varnanas (18 descriptions). Invariably, these are descriptions of oceans, mountains, cities, marriage of the prince, the birth of a son to him, sunrise, seasons, forests, aquatic sports, drink, desperations, union, consultation, gamble, .

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124 : sramana January-June 2002 travel war and victory. It starts with the invocations to the Istadeva of the poet, followed by his homage to the earlier poets, the characteristics of his Kavya, his genealogy, the main story and finally the beneficence, the reading of his Kavya would bestow on its readers. Campu treats of all the topics dealt within Gadyakavya and Mahakavya, implying that the hero of a Campu must possess noble qualities. A great degree of diversity is visible in the magnitude of the Campu literature. Yasastilakacampu is one of the most voluminous of the Campu works; comprising 10,000 Granthagras while the Campus Rukmangadacarita; Tripuradahana etc. are the smallest ones, hardly exceeding 30 Granthagras. Most of the Campus, however, lie between these two extremes and consist of 700 to 1500 Granthagras. Providing relief to the reader by means of the variety of expression appears to be the main purpose behind the composition of Campus. In fact, alteration of prose and verse must have been intended to provide a sort of breathing time to the readers and this new fashion must have been welcomed by them. The Campu authors have clearly stated this purpose. Another purpose motivating the Campu authors was their desire to prove that they could write both prose and verses with equal skills. Probably due to modesty, most of the Campu authors have observed silence on this point, except Annavarya (date unknown), the author of the Tattvagunadarsa Campu, unequivocally expressing it. In general, Ramayana, Mahabharat and Puranas are as usual main source of the Campu writers. However, Jainas have taken their theme from canons and other sacred books. Bulk of Campu is verse; prose is comparatively less and the prose and verse are discriminately used. The Campu ought to be necessarily divided into sections, called Stabaka, Lambhaka, Pattala and Prastava. The hero of a Campu may be a divine being, a recluse or any person belonging to any of the four castes. The main sentiment depicted is Srngara or santa, the other sentiments find place casually. Contrary to the sentiment, in Campus of Vedic tradition, being love and heroism, in Jaina Campus, the santa or srngara is the chief sentiment. The remaining sentiments may come in subordinate as occasions arise, but never as principal. The style of Campu is generally elaborate and artificial.

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Jaina Campu Literature : 125 In addition to the Yasastilakacampu of Somadevasuri (AD 959), Jivandharacampu of Hariscandra (10th cent. AD), Purudeva Campu of Arhaddasa (12th cent. AD), Campumandana etc. are other Jaina Campu works in Sanskrit. Their counterparts in Kannada made its debut much earlier. The opinion that Gunavarma I, the Kannada poet, flourished at the court of King Ereyappa, wrote two Campu works Harivansa and Sudraka, is firmly rooted. Extracts from these, available in subsequent anthologies and in works of grammars and poetics as illustrations, are testimony of the existence of these two works, though not available today. The first available Jaina Campu in Kannada is by Pampa, the most outstanding and the father of Campu kavya in this language. His Adipurana (AD 942) depicts the story of Adinatha or Purudeva, the first of the 24th Tirtharkaras. Santinathapurana of Ponna (936-969 AD) on the life of 16th Tirthankara and Ajita Purana of Ranna (10th-11th cent.), the greatest after Pampa, depicting the life of 2nd Tirthankara Ajitanatha, Mallinatha Purana by Nagacandra or Abhinava Pampa (1100-1126 AD), depicting the life of 19th Tirtharkara, Dharmamsta of Nayasena (1112 AD). Neminatha Purana (c.1140 AD) of Karnaparyaya, depicting the story of 22nd Tirthankara. Dharmapariksa (c. 1160 AD) of Vrttavilasa, a Kanarese version of Sanskrit work Dharmapaliksa of Amitagati and Neminatha Purana of Nemicandra (middle of the 12th cent.) flourished during the Vira Ballala of Hoysal dynasty, Yasodharacarita (AD 1209) and Anantanatha Purana (AD 1230) of Janna, on the life of 14th Tirthankara Anantanatha and Punyasrava (AD 1331) of Nagaraja, were Jaina Campu works ending with title Purana. The following is the details of the Jaina Campu works: Yasastilakacampu (AD 959) by a Digambara Somadevasuri or Somaprabhasuri, grand pupil of Yasodeva of Gauda Sangha in 8 Acchvasas (sections) in Sanskrit, is one of the two comparatively ancient Campus. It is based on the famous Jaina legend of Yasodhara, the king of Avanti. There are a few more works depicting the story of Yaiodhara viz. Yasodharacarita by Kanakasena Vadiraja and Yasodharacaritra by Manikyasuri. It depicts the pathetic story of the prince Yasodhara in a realistic manner based on a domestic tragedy, around which is woven a story of moral and religious edification. The central theme of this story is the cunning devices of his queen, his death, repeated re-birth and final conversion into Jaina faith, leading to Salvation. The tale begins with

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126 : Sramana January-June 2002 Maridatta, the ruler of the country Yaudheya with capital Rajpur, deciding to offer his family goddess Candamari, a pair of all living beings, including human beings. He is ready to sacrifice even an ascetic pair, a boy and a girl, in fact the children of Maridatta's own sister Yasomati. The children were sent to the sight by a Jaina ascetic Sudatta, on purpose. The children enjoyed rare gift of knowledge of the past births. On inquired by the king Maridatta they narrate the story of King Yasodhara, lord of Avanti, with his capital Ujjain, the cunning devices of his queen Amstamati, his conversion to Jaina religion and the death by the poisoning the food by the queen of king and his mother. They narrate the account of the fate of the mother, son and wife in later births. The wicked queen repeats her evil deeds in her later births. At last, however, the cycle is complete and the mother and son are reborn, with knowledge of the past as the twin children of Yasomats and the sister of Maridatta. At the instance of ascetic Sudatta, the king, along with the goddess and his people, adopt Jaina faith. The work composed in full Kavya style, displays great erudition and linguistic attainments of its writer. Comm. (1) Panjika by Srideva, (2) Tika by Srutasagar. Pub. The text with commentary of Srutasagasuri, ed. K.N. Sharma & Pt. Vasudeva Sharma, Kavyamala Series No. 2, Nirnaya Sagar Press, Bombay Ed.2nd 1916, Two parts, II Yasastilakacampumahakavyam (Two Vols.) ed. & trans. (Hindi) Sundarlal Sastri, Mahavira Jaina Text S.No.2, Varanasi, P. 35,431 and 48,528, [Text with commentary Yasastilakadipika with Hindi trans, and appendices.] Theses: Yasastilaka and Indian Culture by K.K.Handiqui, Jaina Sanskrti Sanraksaka Sangh, Sholapur 1949, P. 540, [Deals with various aspects of Jainism and Indian thought and Culture in 10th cent. AD. as depicted in this text.] // Yasastilkacampu Ka Sanskrtika Adhyayana by Dr. Gokul Chand Jain, Parshwanath Vidyasrama S. No10, Varanasi 1967, P.408 [A research work in Hindi, containing 4 chapters, is divided into 24 Paricchedas (sections). Its chapters deal with the cultural data found in the text under heads: Social life, Arts, Architecture and contemporary Geography.] Jivandhara Campu, by Hariscandra (10th cent. AD), depicting the story of Jivandhara in Sanskrit, is divided into 10 Lambhakas (sections). It is based on the story, occurred in the 2nd part of the Uttarapurana of Gunabhadra (9th cent. AD) There are more works depicting the story of

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Jaina Campu Literature : 127 Jivandhara viz. Gadyacintamani (prose), Ksatraculamani (poem) both by Vadibhasingh (10th cent. AD) in Sanskrit and Jivakacintamani of Tirukkadeva (14th cent. AD) in Tamil. All these works have identical theme. The story of the Jivandhara may be seen under Gadyacintamani of Vadibhasimha. Pub. The text in Kavyambudhi, Bangalore 1893-96. // The text ed. by T.S.Kuppusvami Sastri, Tanjore 1905, P.152, // the text, Jnanapitha Murtidevi Jaina Sanskrit Granthamala No. 18, Delhi 1958. Mns. Arrah I. p.11, Sravanabelagola 199, 223, Purudeva Campu of Arhaddasa (12th cent. AD), the pupil of Asadhara Pandita, describes, in 10 Stabakas, the life of Rsabhadeva, the first Tirthankara, in Sanskrit. This Campu is entirely free from the usual tiresome description of seasons, sunset, moonrise, cities, gardens etc. The plot is very complicated because of multitudes of births described; it is very difficult to follow the story in the first three Stabakas. The first three Stabakas inform about previous births of the persons related to Rsabhadeva. The legend of Rsabhadeva is very popular in Jaina tradition. A number of works are available pertaining to this theme. Pub. The text, Manek Jaina Digambara Jaina Granthamala No.27, Bombay 1928. // The text with Sanskrit and Hindi Comm. Jnanapitha Murtidevi Sanskrit Grantha S.No.41, Delhi 1972. Mns. Arrah I. p.20, Sravanabelagola 187, 230 (a). Campu Mandana, by Mandana Kavi, depicts in 7 Patalas (sections) the story of Neminatha, 22nd Jaina Tirthankara. The first 3 sections depict the story of Samudravijaya, his capital, wife Sridevi, the spring, moonrise, sunrise, the summer, water- sports, etc. In 4th, the queen dreamt of a Brahmin, giving three jewels to her. The dream was interpreted as indicating the birth of a son and accordingly she gave birth to a son in due time. The son was named Nemi and brought up and educated like a prince. Krsna, hearing of Nemi, invited him to visit Dvaraka and received him cordially. His marriage was fixed with princes Rajimati the daughter of King Ugrasena. The famous episode of Nemi and Rajimati is described in the work. Pub. The text, Hemacandra Granthamala No.9, Patan 1918. Mns. Central Library, Baroda, Acc. No.4354, Jaina Granthavali. P. 329 Adipurana (AD 942), by the greatest Kannada poet Pampa, depicts the story of Adinatha or Purudeva, the first of the 24th Tirthankaras.

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128 : sramana January-June 2002 Adipurana is hagiological in nature, narrating the life of the first Tirthankara, presenting his previous re-births as well. It also contains the life story of Bharatesvara. Jinasena's Adipurana was the main source of his work. Pampa followed this source closely in respect of the story and order of narration but with his own original stamp. Jinasena's work is in verse whereas that of Pampa is in Campu form. The former is over elaborate, the latter is comparatively short. Pampa has amply justified his claim that one should look for religion and poetic charm together in his Adipurana. Pampa was a unique poet, having a combination of Vedic and Jaina cultures in him. He was born in Vengimandala in the South-east He came of a well-known Vedic family but his father became a willing convert to Jainism. Pampa also became a devout follower of Jaina religion but he never lost his regard for Vedic culture. By dispassionate comprehension of the essence of the two cultures, he gained a ripe wisdom, which put him in tune with universal culture. Arikesari of the Caulukya dynasty, the most famous among the feudatory princes, was his patron and favourite hero. Pampa was the commander of his army. Mns. Palm-leaf in Jaina Math, Moodabidri, S.No. 528 santinathapurana of Ponna (936-969 AD) depicts the life of 16th Tirthankara. This work is preoccupied with an elaborate and intricate account of the eleven previous births of santinatha. Almost everywhere the poet has used his source material for high-flown description and sectarian education. There is not a single captivating situation or impressive characters, like Adipurana. Ponna was the contemporary of Pampa, who like Pampa's father, was originally of Vengi and had come into the Kanarese country after his conversion to the Jaina Faith. He wrote both in Sanskrit and Kanarese, hence received the honored title of Ubhaya Kavi Cakravartin (Imperial poet in both languages). This title was given to him by his patron, the Rastrakuta king, Krsnaraja (also called Akasavarsa and Anupama), ruling at Manyakheta (939-968 AD). The poet's fame chiefly rests on his Santipurana. It was written at the suggestion of two brothers, who became Generals under a succeeding king Tailapa, to commemorate the attainment of Nirvana by their Guru, Jinacandradeva, He was also the author of the Jinaksaramala, an acrostic poem in praise of the Jinas. Other works attributed to him have not been recovered. Like Pampa and Ranna he seems to have followed the earlier tradition of writing one secular and

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Jaina Campu Literature : 129 another religious work in Ramakathe or Bhuvanaiaramabhyudaya and Santinatha, respectively. Ramakathe is not available. Ajita Purana (993 AD) of Ranna (10th-11th cent.), the greatest after Pampa, depicts the life of 2nd Tirthankara Ajitanath. It is characterized by the absence of the Bhavavali (series of births tangle). Only one previous birth of Ajitasvami has come in for treatment. Ranna concentrates all his attention on the life of Ajitasvami from his entry into womb upto his salvation along with the detailed description of five Kalkaska, i.e. phases in his life according to Jaina tradition. As usual, there is not much of a story interest or human touch in the narration. Everything is extraordinary and marvelous. Ranna, the third member of the trio was born in Jaina Family of Bangle makers in North Karnataka. He travelled to Jaina centres of learning in South and mastered grammar and the classics of the day. He came back to the land of his birth and became the court poet of Satyasraya, the Western Caulukyan emperor. He wrote under the patronage of two Western Caulukya kings, Tailapa (937-997 AD) and his successor (997-1008. He received various titles of honour from them. The poet's other work was Gadayuddha. He wrote Ajitapurana, at the instance of Attimabbe, who was one of the most charitable women of the day and won the title of Danacintamani. Mns. Palm-leaf in Jaina Math, Moodabidri, S.No. 528. Mallinatha Purana or Pamparamayana by Nagacandra or Abhinava Pampa or the second Pampa (1100-1126), depicts the life of 19th Tirthankara. Divided into 14 cantos, its story begins with King Vaisravana, enjoying worldly pleasures, being shocked to see a big banyan tree crash struck by lightening. He realized the vanity of life and went to forest for penance and became Ahmindra in heaven after death. In next birth born as Mallinatha, he renounced the world at a very young age and attained the stature of Tirthankara by observing penance. In his work Nagacandra covers the thin bower of story with creeper like descriptions and with a variegated portrayal of Bhoga (enjoyment) and Tyaga (renunciation). Nagacandra lived towards the close of the 11th centuryAD. Little is known of his personal history. Probably, he was one of the group of poets at the court of the Ballala Raja, Bittideva, the one who afterwards became a Vaisnava and took the name

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130 : sramana January-June 2002 Visnuvardhana (1 104-1141 AD). The poet wrote two works viz. Mallinatha Purana and Ramacandracaritra Purana. Mns. Palm-leaf in Jaina Math, Moodabidri, S.No. 247 Dharmamsta by Nayasena (AD 1112) of Mulugunda in the Dharavada District composed in Campu form it is a book on morals, depicting in easy and pleasant style through 14 chapters on as many forms of virtues, including courage, truthfulness, chastity, justice etc. It is a collection of 14 stories, emphasizing the significance of the Jaina vows. Considering his skill as a storyteller in the popular vein, his sense of satire and abundant use of popular idiom and adage, his work may be truly described as a Jaina Purana meant for common man. Mns. Palm-leaf in Jaina Math, Moodabidri, S.No. 63,64 Neminatha Purana, a Campu in Kannada of c. 1140 AD of Karmaparyaya, depicting the story of 22nd Tirthankara, it also includes the stories of Krsna, the Pandavas and the war of Mahabharat. Mns. Palmleaf in Jaina Math, Moodabidri, S.No. 63,64 Dharmapariksa (c. 1160 AD) a campu of the poet Vittavilasa, it is a Kanarese version of Sanskrit work Dharmapariksa of Amitagati (1014 AD). It depicts how two Ksatriya princes went to Varanasi and in successive meetings with the Brahmanas there, exposed the vices of the gods as related in the sacred books, e.g. It is shown therein that not one of the gods is fit to be trusted with the care of a girl and the incredibility is urged of such stories as that of Hanuman and his monkeys. Mns. Palmleaf in Jaina Math, Moodbidri S.No.76, 210, 271, 309, Neminatha Purana of Nemicandra (middle of the 12th cent.) flourished during the reign of Vira Ballala of Hoysal dynasty and that of King Laksmanasena, the Silahara ruler of Kolhapur. It was at the suggestion of Vira Ballala's minister that he undertook to write the Neminathaurana. As the poet died before its completion, it has become known as the Ardha Nemi unfinished life of Nemi. It is a hagiology in Jaina tradition. Mns. Palm-leaf in Jain Math, Moodbidri S.No.217 and 274. Lilavati, also by Nemicandra in Kannada in Campu form, is a love poem, inspired in its theme by the Sanskrit work Vasavadatta of Subandhu (c.610 AD). According to Kannada Tadapatriya Suci, it is the work of Nemicandra Yati. The story is a very small peg, on which the poet hangs

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Jaina Campu Literature : 131 all manner of description, known to conventional poetry. Srngara, according to Nemicandra, is the only sentiment that deserves prominence and that is what characterizes Lilavati. Lilavati tells how a Kadamba prince saw in a dream a beautiful princess (the heroine) and she likewise dreamt of him. They were unacquainted, but after mutual search and various adventures were ultimately wedded. Mns. Palm-leaf in Jaina Math, Moodbidri S.No. 84 and 838. Anantanatha Purana (AD 1230), by Janna in Kannada, depicts the life of the 14th Tirthankara. The poem has grown in bulk as a result of lengthy description and elaboration of Jaina doctrine. The episode of Canda, forming the part of this work is something like a counterpart of the Amitagati episode in Yasodharacarita. Janna has made an original contribution to Kannada poetry by his subtle handling of an aspect of unconventional love. Janna was a man of varied gifts and considerable munificence, being both court poet and minister at Ballala Court, and also the builder and beautifier of temples. He was honoured by his patron-king with the title of Kavi Cakravartin (emperor among poets.) His other work is Yasodharacarita in Kannada. Mns. Palm-leaf in Jaina Math, Moodbidri S.No. 828. Punyasrava by Nagaraja (c.1331 AD) written in Campu style contains 52 tales of Puranic heroes, illustrative of the duties of a householder, supposed to be the translation of a Sanskrit work. Mns. Palm-leaf in Jaina Math, Moodbidri S.No.712. Bibliography: Kapadia, H.R. Jaina Sanskrit Sahityano Itihasa, Vol. 2, Part 1, Mukti -Kamala -Jaina Mohana -Mala No.64, Baroda 1968. / / Dr. Chaudhary, Gulabchand, Jaina Sahitya Ka Brhada Itihasa Vol 6, Parshwanath Vidyapeeth S.No. Varanasi 2nd Ed.1996// Shastri, Pt. K.Bhujabala and Pillai T.P. Meenaksi Sundarm, Jaina Sahitya Ka Brhada Itihasa, Vol .7 Parshwanath Vidyapeeth S.No. 24 Varanasi 1981// Chief Editor Amaresh Datt, Encyclopaedia Of Indiana Literature, Vol. 1, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi 2nd Reprint Ed 1997.

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Misunderstanding vis-a-vis Understanding with reference to Jainism Dr. Rajjan Kumar* Jaina, one of the alive representatives of Sramanic tradition, is an integral part of the composite culture of India, the other significant one is Vedic tradition. Irrespective of this there are numerous misunderstandings raised against Jainistic culture such as its antiquity and religion, metaphysics and epistemology, ethics and conduct, literature and language etc., each is a vast subject or rather consists of a number of sub-misunderstandings. The most serious and basic charges laid against Jainism are that whether it is an independent religion with some requisite antiquity or an offshoot of some other culture. In this purview many consider that it is a branch of Vedic religion, some others take it to be an offshoot of Buddhism; whereas many others are of the opinion that Jainism arises as a reaction against the thoughts and practices of Vedic sacredotalism. The extent of its misunderstandings about its metaphysical and epinstemological standpoint can be indicated by the view that has been advanced by many that its metaphysical and epistemological position represents a kind of extension of ideas explained earlier. The misunderstanding about the nature of Jaina literatures and languages can be judged by the opinion expressed by renowned literary critics and linguistists that Jaina literatures and languages are nothing but writings without any objectives. As for concern about ethics and conduct of Jainas, the misunderstanding has been prevailed and the opinions laid down are not rather different as expressed for other aspects of Jainism. * Reader : Dept. of Applied Philosophy, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U.P.

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Misunderstanding vis-a-vis Understanding with reference to Jainism : 133 Perhaps, all these misunderstandings have no requisite base or it may be considered that all these have been laid down due to being unfamiliar with the religion, philosophy, ethics, literature and culture etc. of Jainism. It is true that Jainism has its own culture with antiquity, religion with bases, metaphysics with idea, epistemology with logic, ethics with codes or rules, literature with objectives, language with dialects as well as enormous number of technical terms. All these have their own meanings. Here, it may be considered that all these and many more misunderstandings regarding Jainism make room due to wrong explanation of technical terms, ideas, concepts which Jainism have. Jainism, again it is true, could not become worldwide religion and philosophy because of its strict rules of religious practices, but it is certain that the doctrines of Jainism are so scientific and rational, that, if accepted in true sense, can solve all these so called misunderstandings framed against Jainism. Further, it is true that the followers of Jainadharma or faith are much less in number than those of the other faiths but whosoever are the followers of Jainadharma they are honourable citizens of India, or high ranking businessmen and men of high thinking. And they are trying utmost to sort out all these misunderstandings. Jainism is a religion propounded by a Jina. Jina is supreme status, conqueror of the worldly passions by his own sternous efforts. ccording to Jainism, Jina is not a supernatural being nor an incarnation of an all powerful God. He is a simple man with stern will power. Jainism, as a religion is nothing but a set of principles preached by such persons i.e. Jinas. As we know that Jina was previously a simple man and Jaina religion is known as a religion of Jina. Hence, Jainism like Vedic religion, is not Apauruseya religion, a religion propounded by a non-human being or based on a sacred book of non-human origin. On the contrary, it is a religion of purely human origin and it has emanated from the mouth of a dignitary who has secured the omniscience and self-control by his own personal efforts.?

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134 : sramana January-June 2002 Though Jainism is not an Apauruseya religion, it claims as an eternal religion. The traditions and the legendary accounts prove the existence of Jainism as eternal. Jainism is revealed again and again in cyclic period i.e. Utsarpini and Avasarpini. This time cycle goes on endlessly and Tirtharkaras or Jinas or seers are born at regular intervals. They preach, practice and expound the eternal principles of Jainism. But this claim of eternity would appear to be very extravagent if we consider the fact that in our planet, the earliest man of early palaeolithic culture lived in India some 200,000 years ago. the period when man led the life of a savage. However, now, number of scholars agree that Jainism has pre-Aryan roots in the cultural history of India. In the light of modern reasearches, there is a consensus that Jainism is one of the oldest living religion of the world. The Mohanjodaro culture, the Vedic literature and the pre-Mahavira period exhibit remarkable traces of the existence of Jainism in this country. As Dr. A.N. Upadhye remarked the origins of Jainism go back to prehistoric times. He further says to take a practical view that the Jaina Tirtharkaras like Rsabhadeva, Neminatha, Parsvanatha, Mahavira etc. have been some of the greatest mystics of the world. It would be interesting to note that the details about Rsabhadeva given in the Bhagavata Purana practically and fundamentally agree with those recorded by Jaina tradition." Still there are some scholars who owing to mostly deep-rooted prejudices and other sentimental reasons, persist in believing and asserting that Jainism in an offshoot of Brahmanism or that Jainas are merely Hindu dissenters like the Buddhists even though their religion is quite independent and much older than the latter. As it would be clear from what has already been said, there are absolutely no grounds for holding such an opinion. There are innumerable references in the Brahmanic literature from the Vedas down to the Puranas and medieval literature, to the Jainas, their religion, its Tirthankaras and even their doctrines, sometimes ridiculing and denouncing them, and sometimes praising and applauding them, while very often misunderstanding and misinterpreting them.

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Misunderstanding vis-a-vis Understanding with reference to Jainism : 135 In certain places, devotion to Jina or to a particular Tirthankara, even to Jain ascetics, ranked much higher than all the religious observances enjoined by the Srutis and Smotis. In fact, there is whatsoever no tangible evidence to show that Jainism branched off from the Vedic religion or from any of its later developments, at such and such time, nor there is any marked similarity between the fundamental doctrines and essential features of the two systems which might favour that possibility. Jainism with its the perfectly nonviolent creed, animistic belief, subtle and peculiar karma theory, rejection of a creator and the creation theory, and the like, is not only quite and original system but is also absolutely independent of all other systems. In its origin, Jainism is not only non-Aryan and pre-Aryan, in the sense that these terms are now generally understood, but it is also primitive and absolutely indigenous. Prof. Jacobi says, "In conclusion, let me assert my conviction that Jainism is an original system quite distinct and independent from all others; and that, therefore, it is of great importance for the study of philosophical thought and religious life in ancient India."6 Dr. Radhakrishnan affirms that there is no doubt that Jainism prevailed even before Vardhamana and Parsvanatha. The Yajurveda mentions the names of three Tirthankaras-- Rsabha, Ajitanatha and Aristanemi.' A dispassionate study of the history of Indian literature reveals that the contributions of Jaina scholars to the development of literature is enormous. The fact that Lord Mahavira preached in the language of the masses seems to serve as a powerful inspiration to his followers to adopt such languages for disseminating knowledge and producing works of literary significance. It is on account of this fact that Jainas have been able to enrich the literature of different languages like Prakrta, Apabharamsa, Samsketa, Tamila, Kannada, Gujarati, Rajasthani, Hindi and others. Besides writting in different languages they have composed works on varied subjects. So far as Jainas are concerned, their language of religion remained Praksta for a very long time. The entire early literature, both

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Sramana January-June 2002 canonical and pro-canonical remained in Prakrta. But in due course, they did not continue Prakrta for its literary purposes. They used local languages where they settled and travelled. When they found that Samskrta became the language of learning and culture practically for the entire country, they did not lag behind to cultivate it. Thus there is hardly any branch of Samskrta literature which is not enriched by Jaina authors and teachers. They have composed grammars, lexicons, and works on poetic and metrics, apart from composing elegant Kavyas etc. 136 : In the field of Nyaya literature, they had their colleagues in Buddhist literature. And they followed in their footsteps, and produced eminent Nyaya works either as commentaries or independent treatises to expound Jaina principles in the perspective of contemporary controversies. In due course they composed elaborate Puranas, Kavyas in addition to logical treatises. The Prakrta languages and literature were their speciality; and they did their best to cultivate the same even in its changing phases like the Apabhramsa. Objectives of Jainas were to convey religious principles and moral lessons to the society at large. So they always preferred contemporary living languages for this purpose. Apabhramsa language helped them very much for this purpose, and it is said that Jainas have carefully preserved Apabhramsa literature, because it was as much important and useful for their objective as Samskrta and Prakrta.9 Language is meant for communication and understanding and Jainas have meaning for this value. In the Tamilnadu the Jaina teachers and authors picked up the Tamil language and in Karnataka, the Kannada language. Samskrta models were there before them. But that was not enough. They understood the local genius, mastered the surrounding conditions, absorbed the indigenous ideas and idioms, and composed Muktakas and Kavyas in Tamil and Kannada. Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharastra are the prominent centre. of Jainism. The contribution of Jaina writers in this direction enormous. They have composed voluminous literature in Rajasthani, Gujarati, Marathi, Hindi, of course the lucid language of India and Jainas contributed very much in this direction.

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Misunderstanding vis-a-vis Understanding with reference to Jainism : 137 About the contribution of Jaina literature in the world of knowledge, the great German Scholar Buhler says"-- "In grammar, in astronomy as well as in all branches of belles letters the achievements of Jainas have been so great that even their opponents have taken notice of them and that some of their works are of importance for European science even today. In the South where they have worked among the Dravidian peoples, they have also promoted the development of these languages. The Kanarese, Tamil, Telugu literary languages rest on the foundations erected by the Jaina Monks." It is well known fact that in addition to the literature written by Jainas in the language of the masses, they also chose to write in the language of intellectuals and that is none other than Samskrta. The result is that they were able to produce literature of amazing significance even in Samskrta language and could make salient contributions to it. IV Jainism has contributed a number of original ontological concepts to enrich the philosophical thought of India. Similarly many of its epistemological and ethical doctrines are also original ones. At the same time it is observed that Jainism, no doubt, holds certain principles in common with Hinduism, but this does not disprove the independent origination and free development of the philosophy of Jainas. If the Jaina philosophy has some similarities with other Indian philosophical system, it has its own peculiarities as well. While defining Reality the Jaina philosophers generally make no distinction among sat, tattva, dravya, artha, padartha, tattavartha etc. The other Indian philosophers do not do so. The Vaisesika uses the term 'padartha' for dravya, guna, karma, samanya, visesa and samavaya, but the term 'artha'is reserved only for the first three. 11 The Naiyayika calls the sixteen principles as sat.12 The Sarkhya regards praksti and purusa as tattva. Reality is defined by the Jaina as possessing origination, decay and permanence or as having qualities and modes. 13 Origination and decay are nothing but the changing modes. Permanence is the same as the essential qualities. Thus, Reality is possessed of both change

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138 : sramana January-June 2002 and permanence. Here, the charges framed, how the two contradictories change and permanence live in one and the same thing? The Jaina philosophers say that permanence is not to be understood as absolute changelessness. Similarly, change is not to be taken as absolute difference. Permanence means indestructibility of the essential nature or quality of a substance. 14 Change defines origination and destruction of different modes. Reality is transitory as well as permanent, different as well as identical. No object can be absolutely destroyed, nothing can be absolutely permanent. Paryayas (modes) change, whereas the essential guna (character) remain the same. Our experience tells us that no object is absolutely identical. We experience this also that the differences are not obsolutely scattered. Jainism accepts this natural commonsense view and maintains that the identity or permanence exists in the midst of all the varying modes or differences. There is no reason to call in question the reality of the changes or of the identity, as both are perceived facts. Every entity is subject to change and maintains its quality and identity throughout its career. Thus, Reality is a synthesis of opposites--identity and difference, permanence and change. Irrespective of other Indian philosophical thought Jainism says, a real is neither a particularity nor a universality exclusively but a synthesis which is different from both separately and jointly though embracing them in its fold. 15 As we know that the Vedantins start with the premise that Reality is one permanent universal conscious existence. The Vaibhasika and the Sautrantika believe in atomic particulars and momentary ideas, each being absolutely different from the rest and having nothing underlying them to bind together. The Naiyayika and the Vaisesika hold particularity and universality to be combined in an individual, though they maintain that the two characters are different and distinct. A Real, according to them, is an aggregate of the universal, i.e. identity and the particular that is, difference, and not a real synthesis. The Jaina differs from all these Indian philosophers and holds that the universal and the particular are only distinguishable traits in an object which is at once identical with and different from

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Misurfderstanding vis-a-vis Understanding with reference to Jainism : 139 both. There are six ultimate substances or eternal Reals in the Jaina metaphysicslo : 1. Jiva (Soul), 2. Pudgala (matter), 3. Dharma (medium of motion), 4. Adharma (medium of rest), 5. Akasa (space) and 6. Kala (Time). Out of these six reals Jiva is the only sentient real while rest of the five are non-sentient. Further, it is also said that among the six, the five are Astikaya and one falls under Anastikaya. Astikaya means extendable while Anastikaya is not supposed to be extended. Jiva, Pudgala, Dharma, Adharma and Akasa are astikaya while time in included in Anastikaya. All these are unique one in the history of Indian philosophy. The nature of Reality in Jaina Philosophy is both permanence and change. Truth has infinite aspects. It is of two types -- immediate and mediate. Only an Omniscient observer can obtain the immediate knowledge of an object in its totality. But an imperfect or an ordinary man knows one or a few aspects, and possess partial knowledge. The aim of Indian philosophers is to discard this partiality and attain ominiscience, which is only possible for the complete destruction of the causes of ajnana or wrong knowledge or nescience. In view of Jainism it is a process or spiritual development or forwarding to a path of liberation. It is well established fact that the early discussion on the Jaina theory of knowledge is dominated with the same spirit. The path for spiritual progress, aiming at the final goal of liberation is the central tone of the Agamas.'' Knowledge in this period is not valued on the merit of logical validity but as a means for the ethical progress. Jnana (knowledge) is one of the constituents of the path of moksa, 18 and the knowledge which does not help in achieving that goal is included as ajnana or mithyajnana (perverted knowledge).19 The difference between jnana and ajnana or mithyajnana is not objective but subjective.20 The cognition of a samyagdrsti whether it is logically correct or incorrect is always samyagjnana. Similarly, the cognition of mithyadrsti is always ajnana or mithyajnana.

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140 : sramana January-June 2002 It will be interesting to note that the Jaina theory of knowledge passed through different stages of development. It is a story of the progress of a thought. The Jaina theory of knowledge takes its birth from the stray ideas in the Agamas. In that stage the development is pure and unalloyed. It is observed that in the stage of Niryuktis the idea of two fold divisional usurps in; which is an external influence, yet the spirit of Agamas dominates. Then, we have Anuyoga where the fivefold division of the Agamas goes into back and the fourfold division of the Nyaya22 comes into prominence. Umasvati reverts to the position of Niryuktis and stresses upon the twofold division,23 which was finally accepted. In the case of subdivision of knowledge Umasvati takes all the factors of subject, instrument, object and clarity into account. 24 Later on the subject is dropped altogether. The clarity is confined to the division of pratyaksa and paroksa only. The logicians take into account the two factors of instrument and object only 25 Out of them the latter is not so powerful as the former. Thus, the development of the Jaina division of knowledge passes through various phases. Sometimes, free from the external influence, then slightly mixed with it then losing its originality into the latter, again establishing its originality and then constructing a parallel system of logical development. The Jaina division of knowledge as has been stated above varies according to the amount of external influence. The basis of division also undergoes various changes accordingly. Lastly, the knowledge in affixed in five types -- 1. Mati, 2. Sruta, 3. Avadhi, 4. Manahparyaa and 5. Kevalajnana. Out of the five types of knowledge the last three, are related with pure intuition. They are attained as super-natural powers and not through psychological process. The second of the remaining two i.e. Sruta is limited to scriptures. It also does not possess any importance as far as the psychology of knowledge is concerned. It is Mati that covers the whole range of cognition as far as modern psychology is concerned. The entire process beginning with contiguity of senses and the object, upto the subconscious impressions which are capable of rising

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Misunderstanding vis-a-vis Understanding with reference to Jainism : 141 again in the form of memory, are included into this type of knowledge. All varieties of profone knowledge perceptual or conceptual, termed and classified differently by different systems are included in it. Further, it is placed that Mati is the knowledge of objects, which are within the reach of senses. Sruta is the knowledge of objects expressed in scriptures. Avadhi is the cognition of material which are beyond the reach of senses. Manahparyaya is that of the mind and Kevala is that which apprehends all objects. VI Ethics is part and parcel of Jainism. Jaina ethics and ascetics and their concept of code of conduct, are unique in the world of religion. As it is established fact that ethics is the science of good conduct and the end of ethics is the greatest good of the greatest number. 26 Jainas do stresses the very concept of ethics but in quite different manner. People ignorant about this fact framed a charge against the system of Jaina ethics to the effect that it fosters the selfcentred attitude, and does not take care of the society and therefore, social element in Jaina ethics is not strong. It is true that the main aim of Jainism is to attain freedom from the transmigration of soul and the whole Jain ethics has been based on this foundation. All codes of conduct are so designed as to secure the prime aim as early as possible. As there is no outside agency to help the individual in his efforts to secure salvation, it is natural that more importance was given to the individual. But this does not mean that Jaina ethics was confined to individuals alone. On the contrary, the ethical code was evolved for the whole society. 28 Jaina ethics took pains to provide for the welfare of both the society and the individual. It recognised the need for taking care of the society, and also aspired to bring the highest conceivable form of good within the individual's reach.29 The social aspect of individual's life was never ignored. An individual was never conceived as separated from the society and social life.30 The theory of karma is the keystone in the arch of Jaina ideology. As the soul is regarded as the doer of actions, really the soul is made responsible for all differences in people's conditions. The

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142 1: Sramana January-June 2002 soul has to enjoy the fruits of the karmas in the life or in subsequent lives. There is no salvation until the soul stops the influx of karmas and gets rid of existing karmas and this it will have to do by its own delibrate efforts without expecting any help from an outside agency. Dr. Krause rightly said that Jainism trains the individual to become a true hero on the battlefield of self-conquest.31 There is no use in asking the favour of God or of his representative because Jainism neither invests Gods with the power of determining the consequences of the karmas nor bestows on them the authority to forgive people from future consequences of past actions. Jainism denies both intermediation and forgiveness on the part of God; of what we have done we must bear the consequences. It is not fate, nor even predistination, but it is the ever continuous balancing of the different accounts that we keep with the forces of life. 32 The karmas constitute the Karmic body; and it drags the soul into various forms of existence till the karmic body bids good-bye to the soul. This karma theory is an original and integral part of the Jaina system. As it lays full stress on individual action and completely denies the existence of divine dispensation, it is clear that the ethics and asceticism of the Jainas are the logical consequences of this theory 33 of karma. All the Tirthankaras, whom the Jainas worship, did lead a social life and did attain salvation at the end. This shows that social life was never considered as an impediment to one's spiritual progress if necessary precautions are taken as the Tirthankaras did. These precautions are included in vows and estabished separately for householders and monks. For a householder it is twelve in number. These vows play a good part in the life of a single Jaina as well as that of the whole community.34 The layman who adopts the twelve vows, or some of them, is left ample freedom to fulfil all his worldly duties, and to remain in fullest concordance with worldly propriety and etiquette even if he happens to occupy any responsible post which requires energetic and violent acting in the interest of the state. Jaina ethical rules are meant for inen of all positions-- for king, warriors, traders, artisans, 35

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Misunderstanding vis-a-vis Understanding with reference to Jainism : 143 agriculturists, and indeed for men and women in every walk of life. Do your duty and do it as humanely as you can; this, in brief, is the primary principle of Jainism.50 It is evident that social element in Jaina ethics is not neglected, though it includes the negative as well as positive rules of conduct. Further, it is noticed that these prescribed rules of conduct are not limited for practising within the members of Jaina community. Jaina ethics embraces not only followers of Jainism but in a true sense all living beings. It is obvious that Jaina ethics tries to regulate the mutual relations of human beings and for that purpose twelve vows and ten meditations or reflections are laid-down. Among them the five main vows are more important from the point of social relations. It is connected from a detailed analysis of the five main vows that Jaina ethics solves the individual problem of attaining spiritual merit and at the same time shows the way of solving all outstanding social and world problems. 38. Jain ethics lays down very elaborate rules of conduct-both for laymen and ascetics. Accordingly, the vows have been divided into two categories : Anuvratas or small vows and Mahavratas or great vows. The householders have to practise the former and the ascetics the latter. Similar is the case with other observances. Moderation is the keynote of householders' life and severity of sainty discipline. The important hallmark of Jaina ethics is the fact that a graduated course is prescribed with a view to make it possible for every person to observe all rules of conduct by tolerably easy gradations. References 1. Jain Religion and Philosophy : An Introduction to Jaina Philosophy, Devendra Muni Sastri, p., Jainadharma, Kailash Chandra Sastri, pp. 55-58. 2. Jainadharma, Kailash Chandra Sastri, p. 58 Jaina-Religion and Philosophy, Muni Devendra, p. 11. 4. The Path of Arhat, T.U. Mehta, p. 2 5. Paramatmaprakasa, Introduction, p. 39.

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144 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. : Sramana January-June 2002 The Metaphysics and Ethics of the Jainas, J.A.,X.I,40 Sarvanukramanika, p. 164. Jaina Sahitya Ka Brhad Itihasa, Vol. 1-7. "Jain Contribution to Indian Heritage, Dr. A.N. Upadhye" - Contribution of Jainism to Indian Culture, Dr. R.C. Dwivedi (Edt.), p. 21. "Some Aspects of Jain Contribution to Indian Culture-Dr. P.S. Lamba"- Contribution of Jainism to Indian Culture, R.C. Dwivedi, p. 3. 11. 12. Nyaya-Bhasya, 1.11 13. Vaisesika-sutra, 1.1.4; 8.2.3 27. Tattavarthasutra, 5.30; 5.38. 14. Ibid, 5.31. 15. Astasahastri, pp. 147-148 16. Dhammo Adhammo Agasao Kalo Puggalo- Jantavo/Esa Logotti Pannatto Jinehim Varadansihini// Uttradhyayanasutra, 28. 17. Ibid, 29/59. 18. Ibid, 28/1-3. 19. Nandisutra, 25; Tattavartha, 1/32. 20. Bhagavati, 8.2.81. 21. Brhatakalpa Niryukti, 4.3,24-25. 22. Anuyogadvara, p. 211. 23. Tattavarthasutra, 1/9-12. 24. Tattavarthasutra, 1/9-13. 25. Pariksamukha, II.5-12; III.2,3,5,14. 26. Bahujana hitaya bahujana sukhaya, Lokanukampaya atthaya hitaya sukhaya deva manussanam/ Vinayapitaka. ****** Heart of Jainism, Sinclair Stevenson, pp. 29,71; The Great Cultural Tradition, Turner, p. 5.

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Misunderstanding vis-a-vis Understanding with reference to Jainism : 145 28. Jaina Samskrti Ka Hrdaya, Pt. Sukhlal Sanghavi, p. 15. 29. Jain Culture, C.R. Jain, p. 5; 30. Ethical Doctrines in Jainism, K.C. Sogani, pp. 267-68. 31. Heritage of the Last Arhat, C.Krause, p. 7. 32. Jaina Religion and Community, V.A. Sangve, p. 28. 33. Outlines of Jainism, J.L. Jaini, pp. 28-29. 34. Jaina Religion and Community, Sangve, p.49. 35. Interpretation of Jaina Ethics, C. Krause, pp. 21-22. 36. History of India, V.A. Smith, p. 53. 37. Jaina Religion and Community, Sangve, p. 49. 38. World Problem and Jain Ethics, Beni Prasad, pp. 2-15; Jaina Acara, M.L. Mehta, pp. 83-129.

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM munizrI jambUvijayajI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM jaina AgamoM ke talasparzI evaM antarrASTrIyakhyAti prApta vidvAn, vayovRddha santa zrI jambUvijayajI mahArAja kA sasaMgha 3 janavarI ko vidyApITha meM zubhAgamana huaa| Apa yahA~ 3 dina taka tthhre| isa avadhi meM Apane yahA~ para kiye jA rahe zodhakAryoM kA nirIkSaNa kiyA aura aneka mahattvapUrNa sujhAva diye| sadbhAgya se vidyApITha ke mantrI tathA pUrva nidezaka pro0 sAgaramalajI bhI isa avasara para vidyApITha meM hI the| apane pravAsa ke dUsare dina munizrI se vArANasI ke pramukha vidvAnoM ne vidyApITha meM bheMTa kii| pro0 sAgaramalajI jaina ne upasthita vidvAnoM ke samakSa munizrI dvArA kiye jA rahe zodhakAryo evaM Agama sampAdana kI gambhIratA aura vizadatA kI carcA kii| isa avasara para munizrI ne Agantuka vidvAnoM kI sabhI jijJAsAoM kA samucita samAdhAna kiyaa| Apa prAcya vidyA dharmavijJAna saGkAya, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya bhI gaye aura vahA~ nyAya, jyotiSa evaM jainadarzana para kArya kara rahe vidvAnoM se vicAra-vimarza kiyaa| apane lambe vihAra krama meM munizrI ne mArga meM par3ane vAle tIrthasthAnoM kI na kevala yAtrA kI balki unakI sahI munirAja zrIjambUvijaya jI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke saMgrahAlaya kA nirIkSaNa karate hue, unake bAyIM ora haiM saMgrahAlaya ke niyAmaka zrI satyendramohana jaina tathA dAhine pro0 sAgaramala jaina

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K vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM EC 147 bhaugolika sthiti, prAcInatA Adi ke bAre meM bhI pracalita bhrAntiyoM ko rekhAMkita kiyA aura vidyApITha meM pro0 sAgaramalajI jaina tathA anya vidvAnoM se isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA kI aura apane niSkarSoM se unheM paricita kraayaa| vidyApITha ke apane pravAsa meM pUjya munizrI ne yahA~ ke samRddha pustakAlaya tathA saMgrahAlaya kA sUkSmatA se nirIkSaNa kiyA aura pustakAlaya ko apane navIna grantha pradAna kiye| AcArya virAgasAgarajI mahArAja kA Agamana varSa 2001 kA apanA gayA cAturmAsa pUrNa kara digambara jaina AcArya paramapUjya zrI virAgasAgarajI mahArAja sasaMgha vArANasI pdhaare| dinAMka 7 janavarI ko vidyApITha meM ApazrI kA zubhAgamana dopahara 2.30 baje huaa| ApazrI ke sAtha 4 munirAja, 3 AryikA mAtAjI, 1 ailakajI, 4 kSullakajI, bhaTTAraka dharmakIrtijI tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM vairAgina bahaneM thiiN| vidyApITha ke adhikAriyoM ke sAtha yahA~ ke pustakAlaya tathA parisara sthita vibhinna bhavanoM kA Apane nirIkSaNa kiyA tathA yahA~ ho rahe zodhakAryoM aura prakAzanoM ko dekhakara unakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| apane saMkSipta pravAsa meM Apane yahA~ navanirmita yazovijaya smRti mandira meM vyAkhyAna bhI diyA jisameM saMsthAna meM virAjita sabhI sAdhviyA~, saMsthAna ke adhikArI evaM zodhacchAtra upasthita the| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM janma jayantI samAroha sampanna zramaNa saMghIya muni, mAnava milana ke preraka, prakhara vaktA pU0 gurudeva zrImaNibhadrajI, ma0sI0 kI 35vIM janma jayantI ke pAvana avasara para kAnapura ke gurubhaktoM dvArA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI meM 8 apraila ko prAtaH bhavya janmajayantI samAroha evaM jaina dharma evaM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa para eka saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM bihAra sarakAra ke vana evaM paryAvaraNa tathA siMcAI mantrI zrI jagadAnanda siMha aura viziSTa atithi ke rUpa meM pro0 revatIramaNa pANDeya, kulapatigorakhapura vizvavidyAlaya upasthita the| kAryakrama kI adhyakSatA kAnapura ke navanirvAcita vidhAyaka zrI salila viznoI ne kii| isI avasara para kAnapura se padhArI candanabAlA mahilAmaNDala kI adhyakSA zrImatI raMjanA bahana evaM zrImatI kavitA jaina ne bhakti gItoM ke mAdhyama se apane hRdaya ke udgAroM ko gurucaraNoM meM samarpita kiyaa| ku0 ruci jaina evaM ku0 priyaMkA jaina ne kramazaH candanabAlA va bhagavAn mahAvIra kA (ur3ada bAkulA) 'ruka jA jogI' dRzya prastuta kara janasamUha ko bhAvavibhora kara diyaa| mukhya atithi ke pada se bolate hue zrI jagadAnanda siMhajI ne paryAvaraNa kI saMrakSA ke sambandha meM janasAmAnya meM cetanA jAgRta karane ke lie buddhijIviyoM kA AhvAna kiyA aura kahA ki hamAre pUrvajoM ne isa dizA meM na kevala bahuta kucha likhA hai balki use karake bhI dikhAyA hai| hamArA karttavya hai ki hama use jAneM aura smjheN| zrI siMha ne pUjya gurudeva

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148 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka ke caraNoM meM zraddhAsumana arpita karate hue unake dIrghAyu hone kI kAmanA kii| zrI siMha ke pazcAt pro0 revatIramaNa pANDeya aura zrI salila viznoI ne bhI pUjya gurudeva ke caraNoM meM zraddhAsumana samarpita kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI ora se DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya, DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha aura DaoN0 vijaya kumAra ne apane vaktavyoM meM gurudeva kI prazaMsA karate hae unake dIrghAyu hone kI kAmanA kii| suprasiddha paryAvaraNavid zrI zAntilAla jaina bhI isa avasara para upasthita the| apane vaktavya meM unhoMne paryAvaraNa aura nadiyoM kI surakSA tathA svacchatA banAye rakhane kA AhvAna kiyaa| pUjya gurudeva ne apane udbodhana meM ahiMsA aura paryAvaraNa ke sambandha meM kahA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne paryAvaraNa kI rakSA ke lie ahiMsA kA upadeza dekara paryAvaraNa ko dUSita hone se bcaayaa| prakRti aura manuSya ko gaharAI se jAnane aura samajhane kA prayatna hI paryAvaraNa ko sahI DhaMga se samajhane kA AdhAra hai| kAryakrama ke anta meM vidyApITha ke sabhI adhyApakoM evaM karmacAriyoM ko zrI dIpaka koThArI, kAnapura kI ora se upahAra evaM nakada rAzi pradAna kara zrI salila viznoI ne sammAnita kiyaa| gurudevazrI kI paramabhakta sau0 AratI koThArI (dharmapatnI zrI dIpaka koThArI) ke saujanya se bhojana kI sundara vyavasthA kI gayI thii| samAroha kA saMcAlana pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha evaM zrI sunIla jaina zrImatI rukmiNIdevI dIpacaMda mADIpakataevajena vidyA uccaadhyayana kara MARA 'sarvadharmasamabhAva' saMgoSThI ke avasara para liyA gayA citra - maMca para upasthita pro0 ramAzaMkara tripAThI, pro0 navAG-sAmateG, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati pro0rAmacandra rAva, pro0 e0ke0 nArAyaNa, maulAnA vAtina nomAnI, zrI salila viznoI, zrI Ara0ke0 jaina aadi| bagala meM virAjita pU0 maNibhadrajI 'sarala' evaM zrI padama munijI m.saa0|

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM : 149 (kAnapura) ne kiyaa| isa kAryakrama ko saphala banAne meM vidyApITha kI pravaktA DaoN0 sudhA jaina ne athaka parizrama kiyaa| ahiMsA evaM dhArmika sahiSNutA para sarvadharmasamabhAva-saMgoSThI sthAnakavAsI-paramparA ke mahAn santa pUjya zrI sohanalAlajI ma.sA0 kI puNya smRti meM sva0 lAlA harajasarAya jaina, amRtasara vAle (vartamAna meM pharIdAbAda, hariyANA) dvArA prAkRta-bhASA aura jaina-vidyA ke ucca adhyayana aura saMzodhana hetu san 1937 meM sthApita pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama (aba pArzvanAtha vidyApITha) dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI 2601vIM janma jayantI ke zubha avasara para 24 apraila 2002 ko sarvadharmasamabhAva nAmaka viSaya para eka saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| yaha saMgoSThI mAnava-milana ke preraka pUjya zrI maNibhadra munijI ma.sA0 kI preraNA se Ayojita kI gayI jisameM vArANasI ke cAroM jaina-sampadAyoM kA pUrNa sahayoga prApta rhaa| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki pUjyazrI maNibhadra munijI AcArya sohanalAlajI ma.sA0 kI ziSya-praziSya-paramparA ke hI ujjavala nakSatra haiM aura vartamAna meM apane ziSya zrI padama manijI ke sAtha vidyApITha meM hI adhyayanArtha virAjita haiN| pArzvacandragaccha kI pramukha sAdhvI zAsanaprabhAvikA pUjyA OMkAra zrIjI ma.sA0 apanI 10 ziSyAoM ke sAtha vidyApITha meM hI virAjamAna haiN| sthAnakavAsI samudAya ke yuvAcArya zrI mizrImalajI ma0sA0 kI suyogya ziSyAyeM-sAdhvI cetanaprabhA zrIjI ma.sA0 aura DaoN0 candraprabhA zrIjI ma.sA0 bhI yahIM virAjamAna haiN| ajarAmara-sampradAya kI tIna vairAgana bahaneM bhI yahAM adhyayanarata haiN| ye sabhI saMgoSThI meM upasthita rhe| saMgoSThI kI adhyakSatA kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati, suprasiddha vaijJAnika pro0 pI0 rAmacandrarAva ne kii| isameM bauddhadharma, IsAIdharma, islAmadharma aura kabIrapaMtha ke pramukha vidvAn evaM vicAraka upasthita rhe| kendrIya tibbatI ucca adhyayana saMsthAna, sAranAtha ke kulapati pro0 navAG sAmateG aura bauddhavidyA ke zIrSastha vidvAn pro0 ramAzaGkara tripAThI ne ahiMsA aura dhArmika sahiSNutA para bauddhadharma ke vicAra prastuta kiye| pUjyazrI maNibhadra munijI, sAdhvI zrI bhavyAnandajI evaM sAdhvI candraprabhA zrIjI ne jainadharma kA pratinidhitva kiyaa| AcArya zrI gaGgAzaraNa zAstrI ne kabIrapaMtha evaM phAdara rAjamohana ne IsAIdharma tathA maulAnA vAtina nomAnI ne islAmadharma kA pratinidhitva kiyaa| kAnapura ke bhAjapA vidhAyaka zrI salila viznoI tathA vArANasI ke sthAnakavAsI samAja ke agragaNya zrAvaka zrI Ara0ke0 jaina ne bhI isa saMgoSThI meM apane vicAra vyakta kiye| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI prabandha-samiti ke saciva pro0 sAgaramala jaina ne viSaya pravartana kiyaa| ___ saMgoSThI kA prArambha pUjyazrI maNibhadrajI ma.sA. ke maGgalAcaraNa se huaa| pro0

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150 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAka . Heam pUjyazrI maNibhadrajI ma.sA. 'sarala' kI 35vI jayantI ke avasara para 'jaina dharma aura paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa' nAmaka saMgoSThI meM maMcAsIna zrI salila viznoI, pro0revatIramaNa pANDeya, zrI jagadAnanda siMha evaM kuMvara vijayAnanda siNh| saGgoSThI meM apane vicAra vyakta karate hue pUjya zrImaNibhadra jI 'srl'| unake bagala meM virAjita haiM zrI padama muni jI0 m0saa0|

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa me : 151 sAgaramala jaina ne saMsthAna kA paricaya dete hue saMgoSThI meM upasthita logo kA svAgata kiyaa| isa avasara para vyAkhyAna hetu padhAre vidvAnoM ko mAlyArpaNa, aMgavastra evaM nAriyala pradAna kara sammAnita kiyA gyaa| saMgoSThI kA saMcAlana pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha ne kiyaa| vidyApITha kI prabandha samiti ke saMyukta saciva zrI indrabhUti barar3a ne dhanyavAda prastAva prastuta kiyaa| isa avasara para vidyApITha dvArA Ayojita jaina dharma aura paryAvaraNa nibandha pratiyogitA-2001, ke liye puraskRta pratibhAgiyoM meM se upasthita do pratibhAgiyoM- DaoN0 arcanA zrIvAstava aura zrI amita bahala ko sammAnita kiyA gayA! isa saMgoSThI meM prakhyAt itihAsavid pro0 avadha kizora nArAyaNa, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta-vibhAga ke pUrva adhyakSa pro0 sudarzanalAla jaina, pro0 kamalA prasAda siMha, pro0 jayazaGkaralAla tripAThI (adhyakSa, saMskRta-vibhAga), pro0 mAhezvarI prasAda, zikSAsaGkAya ke pramukha pro0 harikeza siMha, pro0 AnandazaMkara siMha, pro0 DI0 gaMgAdhara Adi vidvAn pramukha rUpa se upasthita the| saMgoSThI ke Ayojana meM vidyApITha ke sabhI adhyApakoM evaM karmacAriyoM kA sarAhanIya yogadAna rhaa| pro0 mAhezvarI prasAda pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nidezaka niyukta pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI prabandha-samiti ne vidyApITha ke nidezaka pada para suprasiddha itihAsakAra pro0 mAhezvarI prasAda ko pratiSThita kara vidyApITha ke gaurava meM abhivRddhi / kI hai| 1 maI ko Apane apanA nayA kAryabhAra sambhAla liyaa| Apane pI-eca0DI0 kI upAdhi pazcima jarmanI ke geTiMgana vizvavidyAlaya se prApta kii| Apako cAra dazakoM kA lambA zaikSaNika anubhava hai| Apane kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya; jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya aura DaoN0 rAmamanohara lohiyA avadha vizvavidyAlaya meM adhyApana kiyA aura kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI se 2001 meM prophesara pada se nivRtta hue| adhyApana kArya karate hue Apane kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya tathA avadha vizvavidyAlaya ke vibhinna prazAsanika padoM ke uttaradAyitva kA saphalatApUrvaka nirvahana kiyaa| deza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM kI zaikSaNika samitiyoM ke Apa sadasya haiN| bhArata sarakAra ne Apako kendrIya tibbatI ucca adhyayana saMsthAna kI vibhinna samitiyoM kA sadasya nAmita kiyaa| Apa avadha vizvavidyAlaya tathA aruNAMcala vizvavidyAlaya, iTAnagara kI zaikSaNika aura parAmarzadAtrI samiti ke sadasya raha cuke haiN| 1986-87 I0 meM Apa phaijAbAda meM loka adAlata ke jUrI rahe haiN| 1989 meM Ayojita Ala iNDiyA oriyaNTala kAnphrensa ke 34veM satra meM purAtattva-vibhAga ke tathA 1990 meM Ayojita 35veM satra meM itihAsa-vibhAga ke adhyakSa pada ko Apa suzobhita kara cuke haiN|

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152 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 1968 I0 se 1973 I0 taka Apa apane zodhakArya ke sambandha meM jarmanI meM rhe| isa avadhi meM Apako beljiyama, iMglaiNDa, phrAnsa, hAlaiNDa, iTalI aura sviTajaralaiNDa ke vibhinna pustakAlayoM evaM saMgrahAlayoM meM adhyayana evaM bhramaNa karane kA bhI avasara prApta huaa| mArca 1987 se sitambara 1987 taka Apa yUropa ke daure para gaye aura vahAM barlina, lIpajiMga, helasiMkI aura prAga ke vizvavidyAlayoM meM Apake vyAkhyAna Ayojita kiye gye| isI krama meM Apa soviyata saMgha bhI gaye jahA~ ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM ApakA vyAkhyAna huaa| deza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM samaya-samaya para Apake vyAkhyAna Ayojita hote rahate haiN| vidyAzrama parivAra pro0 mAhezvarI prasAda jI kA hArdika abhinandana karatA hai aura vizvAsa karatA hai ki Apake kuzala netRtva meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha zodha ke naye kIrtimAna sthApita kregaa| bhAratIya ucca adhyayana saMsthAna, zimalA ke nidezaka pro0 vinoda candra zrIvAstava pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM 3 maI ko bhAratIya ucca adhyayana saMsthAna, zimalA ke nidezaka pro0 vinoda candra zrIvAstava kA vidyApITha parisara meM Agamana para bhavya svAgata kiyA gyaa| vidyApITha ke navaniyukta nidezaka pro0 mAhezvarI prasAda ne apane svAgata vaktavya meM pro0 zrIvAstava se zimalA saMsthAna aura vidyApITha ke madhya akAdamika sahayoga ko mUrta rUpa pradAna karane hetu Avazyaka sahayoga karane kA nivedana kiyaa| isa krama meM pro0 zrIvAstava ne apane saMsthAna kI sthApanA ke uddezyoM aura gatividhiyoM para vistArapUrvaka prakAza ddaalaa| unhoMne jaina-vidyA ke kSetra meM prAcIna granthoM ke anuvAda, sampAdana evaM saGgoSThI Adi apane saMsthAna ke sahayoga se Ayojita karane meM sahAyatA dene kI apanI pratibaddhatA dohraaii| isa samAroha meM pro0 puruSottama siMha, pUrva pramukha, kalA-saGkAya, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, pro0 ke0pI0 siMha, pUrva adhyakSa, saMskRta-vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, DaoN0 mukularAja mehatA, purAtattvavid zrI esa0ema0 jaina tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM sthAnIya vidvAn evaM zodhacchAtra upasthita the| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM caturtha vijJAna va praudyogikI divasa para saMgoThI kA Ayojana pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM 11 maI 2002 ko caturtha vijJAna va praudyogikI divasa para eka saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM DaoN0 rAmamanohara lohiyA avadha vizvavidyAlaya phaijAbAda ke kulapati suprasiddha vaijJAnika pro0 rAmaacala

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM : 153 siMha upasthita the| isa saMgoSThI meM pro0 Ara0 ena0 siMha, pUrva nidezaka, praudyogikI saMsthAna, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, pro0 esa0ena0 upAdhyAya, praudyogikI saMsthAna, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, pro0 bI0DI0 siMha, bAyoTeknolaoNjI vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, pro0 pI0sI0 upAdhyAya, kulasaciva, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya tathA DaoN0 e0ke0 mizra, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtattva vibhAga, DaoN0 rAmamanohara lohiyA avadha vizvavidyAlaya phaijAbAda mukhya vaktA ke rUpa meM Amantrita kiye gaye the| pro0 pI0sI0 upAdhyAya ne saMgoSThI kI adhyakSatA kii| saMgoSThI kA prArambha maGgalapATha se huaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 zrIprakAza jI pANDeya ne vijJAna aura praudyogikI divasa ke mahattva para prakAza ddaalaa| vidyApITha ke navaniyukta nidezaka pro0 mAhezvarI prasAdajI ne Agantuka atithiyoM kA svAgata karate hue vidyApITha ke saMkSipta itihAsa kI carcA kI aura prAcIna bhArata meM huI praudyogika upalabdhiyoM para bar3e hI prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se prakAza ddaalaa| pro0 Ara0 ena0 siMha ne saMgoSThI meM vicAra vyakta karate hue kahA ki vijJAna aura praudyogikI eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| eka ke binA dUsare kA astitva samApta ho jaayegaa| Age Apane kahA ki videzI sabhyatA aura saMskRti kI cakAcauMdha meM hama vijJAna, praudyogikI aura saMskRti kI apanI zreSTha-paramparA se vimukha hote jA rahe haiN| pro0 esa0ena0 upAdhyAya ne kahA ki Aja vijJAna aura praudyogikI vizeSajJoM ke bIca ahama ke kAraNa kucha virodhAbhAsa hai| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki vijJAna sArvabhaumika aura zAzvata hai jabaki praudyogikI sthAna aura samaya sApekSa tathA parivartanazIla hai| unhoMne vijJAna aura praudyogikI ko janatA ke dvAra taka le jAne kA AhvAna karate hae kahA ki aisA karane se hI deza kA sahI arthoM meM vikAsa sambhava hai| janasAmAnya ko roTI, kapar3A, makAna, zikSA aura svAsthya-sambandhI suvidhAoM ko upalabdha karAne ke lie praudyogikI kA vikAsa aparihArya hai| pro0 bI0DI0 siMha ne jaiva praudyogikI tathA isase mAnava ko hone vAle lAbha tathA isake vikAsa kI sambhAvanAoM para prakAza ddaalaa| DaoN0 azoka kumAra mizra ne batalAyA ki prAcIna bhArata meM praudyogikI kA vikAsa 'TrAyala eNDa erara' ke AdhAra para huA isI kAraNa isakI pragati dhImI rhii| mukhya atithi pada se bolate hue pro0 rAmaacala siMha ne kahA ki vijJAna aura praudyogikI ke kSetra meM deza ko vikAsa ke zikhara para le jAne ke lie rAjanItijJoM aura aphasarazAhI ko praudyogikI vizeSajJoM ke sAtha paraspara sAmanjasya aura sahayoga kI bhAvanA ko bar3hAnA bahuta jarUrI hai| deza kI samRddhi aura vikAsa tabhI sambhava hai jaba ki hama svayaM apanI AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa praudyogikI kA vikAsa kreN| saMgoSThI meM kalA saGkAya, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke pUrva pramukha pro0 pI0 siMha, saMskRta-vibhAga ke pUrva adhyakSa pro0 ke0pI0 siMha, pro0 sudarzanalAla jaina, DaoN0 nal

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154 : zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka Ara0esa0 upAdhyAya, vanaspativijJAna vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, DaoN0 zrImatI ena0kyU0 paMkaja, DaoN0 vaziSThanArAyaNa sinhA, DaoN0 e0pI0 siMha, zrI esa0ema0 jaina, saMsthAna meM adhyayanArtha virAjita sAdhu-sAdhvI tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM zodhArthI upasthita the| kAryakrama kA saMcAlana DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya evaM AbhAra pradarzana vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha ne kiyaa| vikhyAta tAntrika zrI candrasvAmI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM suprasiddha tAntrika jagadAcArya zrI candrasvAmI dinAMka 25 maI 2002 ko pUrva nirdhArita kAryakrama meM bhAga lene ke lie dopahara 12.00 baje pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM padhAre jahA~ vidyApITha ke padAdhikAriyoM evaM bar3I saMkhyA meM upasthita Agantuka vidvAnoM ne unakA svAgata kiyaa| kAryakrama kA prArambha pUjya munizrI maNibhadra jI ma0sA0 ke maGgalAcaraNa se huaa| isake pazcAt zrI candrasvAmI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke citra para mAlyArpaNa kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha evaM bar3auta se padhAre zrI amitarAya jaina ne Agantuka atithiyoM kA paricaya diyA / vidyApITha ke nidezaka pro0 mAhezvarI prasAdajI ne atithiyoM kA svAgata bhASaNa, bhAratIya itihAsa san 1937 ke mahattva, vidyApITha kI sthApanA tathA vikAsayAtrA kA saMkSipta kintu atyanta sAragarbhita paricaya prastuta kiyaa| pro0 kumAra paMkaja, hindI-vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, zrI Ara0ke0 jaina, mugalasarAya, zrI rAkeza jaina, zrI esa0ema0 jaina tathA DaoN0 vijayakumAra ne candrasvAmI ko mAlyArpaNa kiyaa| ApakA hArdika saMvata karatA hai| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM zrI candrasvAmI ke sAtha pUjya maNibhadra jI 'sarala' evaM padama muni jI ma0sA0

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM : 155 apane udbodhana meM zrI candrasvAmI ne kahA ki kAzI bhAratIya saMskRti kI poSaka hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ko samajhane ke lie bhagavAn kRSNa, bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ko samajhanA jarUrI hai| Apane 'om zakti oma' ke uccAraNa ke sAtha apanA udbodhana prArambha kiyaa| Age Apane kahA ki bhAratIya saMskRti triveNI kI dhArA ke samAna hai| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke sambandha meM unhoMne kahA ki yaha saMsthA pichale lagabhaga 60 varSoM se pUrI niSThA va sRjanAtmakatA ke sAtha apanA kArya sampAdita kara rahI hai| Age unhoMne kahA ki ve kendra sarakAra se pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke lie naye phaNDa kI vyavasthA karAyeMge aura ise mAnya vizvavidyAlaya kA darjA dilavAne ke lie harasambhava prayAsa kreNge| isa avasara para unhoMne pArzvanAtha vidyApITha dvArA prakAzita nUtana zodhagrantha hindI gadya ke vikAsa meM jaina manISI sadAsukhadAsajI kA yogadAna (lekhikA- DaoN0 munnI jaina) kA vimocana bhI kiyaa| isa samAroha meM saMsthAna meM virAjita sabhI sAdhu-sAdhvI, saMsthAna ke zodhacchAtra tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM sthAnIya vidvAna upasthita the| kAryakrama kA saMcAlana vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha ne kiyaa| isa avasara para sabhI Agantuka atithiyoM ke alpAhAra kI vyavasthA zrI Ara0ke0 jaina kI ora se kI gayI thii| dinAMka 26 maI ravivAra ko zrI candrasvAmI saMsthAna meM punaH pdhaare| yahA~ unhoMne saMsthAna ke samRddha pustakAlaya evaM prakAzanoM kA avalokana kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke vikAsa evaM ise mAnya vizvavidyAlaya kA darjA dilAne kI apanI pratibaddhatA duhraaii| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM 14 ThANA kA bhavya cAturmAsa praveza atyanta harSa kA viSaya hai ki pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke prAGgaNa meM zramaNasaMghIya salAhakAra, tapasvIratna zrI sumati prakAza jI ma0sA0 evaM upAdhyAyapravara zrI vizAla muni jI ma0sA0 ke suziSya, mAnavamilana ke preraka pUjya zrI maNibhadra jI ma0sA0 'sarala' evaM zrI padamamunijI ma.sA0 ThANA 2; pArzvacandragacchIya zAsanaprabhAvikA AryA khAntizrIjI kI ziSyA pravartinI OMkAra zrIjI evaM sAdhvI bhavyAnanda jI ma.sA0 ThANA-10 tathA zramaNasaMghIya prathama yuvAcArya zrI mizrImala jI mahArAja 'madhukara' kI suziSyAyeM kAnaku~varajI ma.sA0 tathA campAku~vara jI masA0 kI ziSyAyeM mahAsatI cetanaprabhA jI evaM mahAsatI DaoN0 candraprabhA jI ma.sA0 ThANA-2 kA di0 21 jUna 2002 ko prAtaH 8 baje pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM maMgala praveza huaa| prAtaH 9 baje maMgala zobhA yAtrA pravacana sabhA meM parivartita huii| kAryakrama kA prArambha pUjya zrI maNibhadra jI ma0sA0 ke maMgalAcaraNa se huaa| taduparAnta sarasvatI vandanA prastuta kI gyii| kalakattA se padhArI prekSA koThArI (pikI) evaM mumukSu vanitA esa0 DAgA ne svAgata gIta prastuta kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke mantrI pro0 sAgaramala jI jaina ne svAgata bhASaNa ke daramyAna saMsthAna kA paricaya dete hae yahA~ kI zaikSaNika evaM zodha sambandhI kAryoM kI vistRta jAnakArI dii| akhila bhAratIya zvetAmbara sthA0 jaina yuvA kAnphrensa

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156 : zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka mahAmantrI zrI amitarAya jaina ne apane vaktavya meM saMsthAna ke gatividhiyoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI evaM zrI maNibhadra jI ma0sA0 kI preraNA se sthApita jaina yuvA kAnphrensa ke vArANasI zAkhA ke yuvAoM ko zapatha dilaayii| isa avasara para deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se padhAre sthAnakavAsI evaM mUrtipUjaka samAja ke pramukha vyaktiyoM ne apane vaktavya prastuta kiye| sAdhvI saMvegarasA jI ma0sA0 evaM sAdhvI maitrIkalA jI ma0sA0 ne atyanta sundara marmasparzI bhajana prastuta kiyaa| sAdhvI bhavyAnanda jI ma0sA0 evaM mahAsatI candraprabhA jI ma0sA0 ne apane vaktavya / pravacana se zrotAoM ko mantramugdha kara diyaa| dillI se padhAre zrI subhASa osavAla ne apane adhyakSIya udbodhana meM saMsthA ko bharapUra sahayoga dene kA AzvAsana diyaa| isa avasara para pramukha Agantuka atithiyoM ko smRticinha Adi bheMTa kara vidyApITha kI ora se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| apane AzIrvacana meM pUjyazrI maNibhadra jI ma0sA0 'sarala' ne jJAna ke mahattva ko batalAte hue cAturmAsa kI mahimA bAre meM sundara udbodhana diyaa| samAroha ke mukhya atithi zrI kamala siMha jI rAmapuriyA ne cAturmAsa kI maGgala kAmanA ke bhAva prastuta kiye| isa bhavya samAroha ke pazcAt pUjyA OM kAra zrI jI ma0sA0 evaM sAdhvI zrIbhavyAnanda jI ma0sA0 kI preraNA se navIna sAja-sajjA se susajjita zatAvadhAnI ratanacandra granthAlaya kA lokArpaNa zrI kamala siMha jI rAmapuriyA ke karakamaloM se sampanna huaa| pUjya zrI maNibhadra jI ma0sA0 kI preraNA se kAnapura kI zrImatI AratI dIpaka koThArI dvArA pradatta eka navIna kampyUTara kA zubhArambha kalakattA se padhArI zrImatI lIlAvantI khArA ne kiyaa| isa avasara para vidyApITha ke sabhI adhyApakoM evaM karmacAriyoM ko sammAnita kiyA gyaa| ina kAryakramoM meM bar3I saMkhyA meM sthAnIya vidvAn, vArANasI ke jaina samAja tathA deza ke kone-kone se padhAre gurubhakta upasthita rhe| kAryakrama kA saJcAlana DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya ne kiyA aura vidyApITha kI saMcAlaka samiti ke upAdhyakSa ku~vara vijayAnanda siMha ne dhanyavAda jJApita kiyaa| kAryakrama ke anta meM sAmUhika bhoja kA sundara Ayojana rahA / isa bhavya kAryakrama ko saphala banAne meM vidyApITha ke navaniyukta nidezaka pro0 mAhezvarI prasAda jI, DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya, variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha, DaoN0 vijaya kumAra, DaoN0 sudhA jaina, zrI omaprakAza siMha (pustakAlayAdhikArI - zatAvadhAnI ratanacandra pustakAlaya) tathA saMsthAna ke anya sabhI karmacAriyoM ne athaka parizrama kiyA / jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa nibandha pratiyogitA - 2001 ke pariNAma ghoSita pArzvanAtha vidyApITha dvArA apane saMsthApaka sva0 lAlA harajasarAya jaina kI smRti meM Ayojita jainadharma aura paryAvaraNa nibandha pratiyogitA 2001 kA pariNAma ghoSita kara diyA gayA aura 24 apraila ko mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para Ayojita bhavya samAroha meM upasthita pratibhAgiyoM ko puraskAra rAzi evaM pramANa-patra bheMTa kara

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM : 157 sammAnita kiyA gyaa| ___ isa pratiyogitA meM puraskAra vijetAoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra haivarga a 1. ku0 renu gAMdhI patrI zrI pArasamala gAMdhI prathama 247/4, lakhana koThArI, darjI mohallA, ajamera (rAja0) 2. zrI rohita gAMdhI dvitIya putra- zrI jeThamala gAMdhI 247/4, lakhana koThArI, darjI mohallA, ajamera (rAja.) 3. ku0 nidhi jaina tRtIya putrI- zrI yazapAla jaina, kapar3e ke thoka vyApArI, zivapurI, madhya pradeza varga ba 1. DaoN0 arcanA zrIvAstava putrI- zrI mRtyuJjaya lAla zrIvAstava gurudvArA galI, rAmanagara, vArANasI (u0pra0) 2. zrI chaila siMha rAThaura dvitIya putra- zrI mAdhava siMha rAThaura 943, kAgala hAusa, gAMdhIpurA, galI saMkhyA 5, bI0 je0esa0 kAlonI, jodhapura (rAja.) 3. zrI amita bahala tRtIya putra- zrI bI0ena0 bahala somabAjAra, candranagara, dillI 110051. prathama

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jaina jagat niHzulka netra zalya cikitsA, jayapura paira evaM kailIpara vitaraNa zivira sampanna hAvar3A 30 disambara : AcArya zrI nAneza kI dvitIya puNyatithi ke upalakSya meM zrI jaina hAspiTala eNDa risarca seNTara, hAvar3A meM zrI zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina sabhA, kolakAtA kI mahilA samiti evaM zrI sAdhumArgI jaina zrAvaka saMgha, hAvar3A ke sahayoga se niHzulka netra zalyacikitsA, cazmA, jayapura paira evaM kailIpara vitaraNa zivira meM 70 netra rogiyoM kI zalyacikitsA kI gayI tathA vikalAMgoM ko jayapura paira aura kailIpara pradAna kiye gye| isI dina zrI jaina vidyAlaya, hAvar3A ke prAMgaNa meM sneha bhoja evaM milana samAroha kA bhI Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM jaina samAja ke logoM ne bar3e hI utsAha se bhAga liyaa| ___DaoN0 phUlacanda jI 'premI' kA abhinandana vArANasI 10 janavarI : AcArya zrI virAgasAgara jI ma.sA. ke sAnidhya meM dinAMka 10 janavarI 2002 ko vArANasI sthita bhagavAna pArzvanAtha di0 janmabhUmi mandira parisara meM zrI syAdavAd mahAvidyAlaya kI ora se Ayojita eka bhavya samAroha meM akhila bhAratavarSIya zrI digambara jaina vidvat pariSad ke navanirvAcita adhyakSa DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina 'premI' kA abhinandana kiyA gyaa| jJAtavya hai ki DaoN0 premI sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke jaina darzana vibhAga ke adhyakSa pada para suzobhita haiN| zrI jJAnacandajI jaina 'padmazrI' se sammAnita naI dillI, 2 pharavarI : zrI cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jaina zvetAmbara tIrtha TrasTa, haridvAra ke adhyakSa zrI jJAnacanda jI jaina ko bhArata sarakAra dvArA unake zikSA, prakAzana, sAmAjika sevAoM tathA racanAtmaka kAryoM kI anuzaMsA meM 'padmazrI' upAdhi se alaMkRta karane kI ghoSaNA kI gyii| isI upalakSya meM 2 pharavarI ko iNDiyA iNTaranezanala seNTara, naI dillI meM eka bhavya samAroha meM zrI jJAnacanda jI jaina kA jaina samAja kI ora se abhinandana kiyA gyaa|

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jaina jagat : 159 siddhagiri sAmUhika dIkSA mahotsava sampanna zrI siddhagiri sAmUhika dIkSA mahotsava samiti dvArA isa sahasrAbdI kA sabase bar3A dIkSA samAroha dinAMka 10 pharavarI se 16 pharavarI taka zrIzajaya mahAtIrtha para Ayojita kiyA gayA jisameM tapAgacchAdhipati AcAryazrI guNaratnasUrIzvarajI ma0sA0 ke sAnnidhya meM 13 puruSa aura 21 mahilAoM ne sAmUhika rUpa se dIkSA grahaNa kii| jJAtavya hai ki AcAryazrI ke sAnidhya meM aba taka 175 dIkSAyeM sampanna ho cukI haiN| anekAnta jJAna mandira zodha saMsthAna kA dazama sthApanA divasa samAroha sampanna bInA (sAgara) 20 pharavarI : vilupta jaina vAGmaya ke saMrakSaNa evaM saMvarddhana ke lie 1992 meM bInA meM sthApita anekAnta jJAna mandira zodha saMsthAna kA 10vAM sthApanA divasa 19-20 pharavarI ko kSullaka nizaMkasAgarajI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya evaM brahmacArI zrI saMdIpa jI 'sarala' ke kuzala mArganirdezana meM sampanna huaa| kAryakrama kI adhyakSatA suprasiddha vidvAn zrI ratanacanda jI jaina ne kii| isa samAroha meM mukhya vaktA ke rUpa meM padhArI DaoN0 nIlama jaina ne anekAnta jJAna mandira ko jaina samAja kI ziramaura saMsthA btlaayaa| jJAtavya hai ki anekAnta jJAna mandira kI zAkhA ke rUpa meM rAjasthAna aura madhya pradeza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM aba taka 9 vAcanAlayoM kI sthApanA kI jA cukI hai| isI krama meM sAgara jile ke mAlathona nAmaka sthAna para pichale 17 pharavarI ko anekAnta jJAna mandira kI 10vIM zAkhA anekAntavAcanAlaya ke nAma se sthApita kI gyii| mAlapurA meM pratiSThA, dIkSA samAroha sampanna dAdA jinakuzalasUri kI pratyakSa darzanasthalI mAlapurA tIrtha kI pavitra bhUmi para bhagavAn vAsupUjya ke zikharabaddha mandira, dAdAvADI-ambikA ke mandira kI vibhinna pratimAoM kI aMjanazalAkA pratiSThA vizAla janamedinI ke samakSa jaina zvetAmbara kharataragaccha zrIsaMgha jayapura evaM mAlapurA pratiSThA mahotsava samiti ke tattvAvadhAna meM 22 pharavarI 2002 ko sampanna huii| isa avasara para zrI dharmendra sAlecA evaM evaM ku0 manISA vacchAvata kI bhAgavatI dIkSA bhI huii| bhagavAn mahAvIra : jIvana evaM darzana rASTrIya saMgoSThI sampanna indaura 24-25 pharavarI : akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahilA pariSad; devI ahilyA vizvavidyAlaya, indaura, gaNinI jJAnamatI prAkRta zodhapITha, hastinApura tathA anya sahayogI saMsthAoM ke sahayoga se indaura meM bhagavAna mahAvIra : jIvana evaM darzana' viSaya

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160 40 zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka para 24-25 pharavarI 2002 ko do divasIya saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| cAra satroM meM cale isa saMgoSThI meM 40 vaktAoM ne apane-apane AlekhoM kA vAcana kiyaa| saMgoSThI meM vibhinna aitihAsika pahaluoM ke sAtha-sAtha vartamAna yuga kI kaI jvalanta samasyAoM para bhI gambhIra carcA huii| isa avasara para kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura dvArA prakAzita do pustakoM kA vimocana bhI sampanna huaa| smRti mandira pratiSThA mahotsava sAnanda sampanna jinazAsanaratna tapAgacchAdhipati AcArya vijayarAmacandrasUrijI mahArAja kI puNyasthalI sAbaramatI - rAmanagara ( ahamadAbAda) meM navanirmita cAra maMjilI devaguru smRti mandira kI aMjanazalAkA-pratiSThA mahotsava kA 27 divasIya samAroha 27 pharavarI ko sAnanda sampanna huaa| sampUrNa kAryakrama sva0 AcArya vijayarAmacandrasUri jI ke antevAsI evaM paTTadhara AcArya vijayamahodaya sUrijI kI nizrA meM huaa| 27 dina taka cale isa bhavya samAroha meM 300 se adhika sAdhu evaM lagabhaga 1000 sAdhviyoM aura deza ke kone-kone se padhAre lAkhoM guru bhaktoM ne bhAga liyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra digambara jaina vidvat samiti kA gaThana sujAnagar3ha 12 mArca : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava varSa meM unake sarvodaya siddhAntoM ke pracAra-prasAra hetu isa kSetra ke jaina vidvAnoM dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra digambara jaina vidvat samiti kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| zrI nareza munijI ma0 sA0 zramaNasaMghIya upapravartaka ghoSita zramaNasaMgha ke variSTha pravartaka zrIrUpacandajI ma0sA0 va zramaNasaMghIya salAhakAra, upapravartaka zrI sukanamunijI ma0sA0 ne zrI narezamunijI ma0sA0 ko vizAla janamedinI ke samakSa ahamadagar3ha maNDI (paMjAba) meM zramaNasaMghIya upapravartaka pada pradAna kiyaa| prApta samAcAroM ke anusAra munizrI kA varSa 2002 kA cAturmAsa amRtasara meM honA sunizcita huA hai| AcArya zrIrAmeza kA hariyANA meM bhavya svAgata hukmasaMgha ke navama paTTadhara aura vyasanamukti ke preraka AcArya zrIrAmalAlajI ma0sA0 ThANA 8 kA hariyANA prAnta ke maNDI DabalAlI meM maMgala praveza atyanta harSollAsa ke vAtAvaraNa meM huaa| AcAryazrI kA DabalAlI se cauTAlA, saMgariyA aura hanumAnagar3ha hote hue pIlAvaMgA kI ora vihAra sambhAvita hai|

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jaina jagat : 161 zAjApura (madhyapradeza) meM jainavidyA (jainolaoNjI) meM bI0e0/ema0e0/ pI-eca 0 DI0 DigrI pAThyakramoM ke adhyayana kI suvidhA upalabdha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI ke bhUtapUrva nidezaka, antarrASTrIya khyAti prApta jaina vidvAn DaoN0 sAgaramalajI ne jaina,bauddha aura hindUdharma evaM darzana ke kSetra meM adhyayana-adhyApana, zodhakArya va jJAna-dhyAna sAdhanA hetu zAjApura nagara kI pradUSaNarahita prAkRtika suramya vAtAvaraNa vAlI dupADA roDa para prAcya vidyApITha kI sthApanA kI hai, jisakA vizAla evaM sundara bhavana taiyAra ho gayA hai| isa vidyApITha ko isI varSa vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina se bhI mAnyatA prApta ho gayI hai| phalataH yahA~ se zodhArthI ke rUpa meM jaina, bauddha aura hindUdharma evaM darzana se sambandhita kisI bhI viSaya para zodhaprabandha taiyAra kara use vikrama vizvavidyAlaya meM prastuta kara pI-eca0DI0 kI upAdhi prApta kI jA sakatI hai| isa vidyApITha ke bhavana meM 7 susajjita adhyayana-adhyApana haoNla, kicana va sTora tathA prasAdhana kI samucita vyavasthA hai| vidyApITha meM eka susajjita pustakAlaya hai jisameM lagabhaga 10,000 pustakeM, patrikAe~ evaM purAnI pANDulipiyAM saMrakSita haiN| DaoN0 sAgaramalajI ke zAjApura nagara meM nivAsarata hone va unake dvArA isa vidyApITha kI sthApanA ke phalasvarUpa jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna lADanU~-rAjasthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) ne apane dvArA saMcAlita patrAcAra pAThyakramoM ke lie adhyayana evaM parIkSA kendra ke rUpa meM prAcya vidyApITha ko mAnyatA pradAna kI hai jo zAjApura ke nAgarikoM ke lie bar3e saubhAgya kI bAta hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aba zAjApura nagara evaM usake Asa-pAsa ke sthAnoM meM rahane vAle nAgarikagaNa prAcya vidyApITha ke pustakAlaya kA lAbha lekara DaoN0 sAgaramalajI sA0 ke pratyakSa mArgadarzana meM jainavidyA meM bI0 e0/ ema0e0 ke DigrI pAThyakramoM meM sammilita hokara isa kendra se parIkSA de sakate haiN| ina DigriyoM kA rojagAra ityAdi kI dRSTi se vahI upayoga hai jo anya viSayoM se sambandhita DigriyoM kA hai| jainavidyA meM bI0e0/ema0e0 DigrI pAThyakramoM ke Avedanapatra julAI 2002 meM bhare jA sakate haiN| isa sambandha meM yadi Apa koI bhI jAnakArI prApta karanA cAheM to DaoN0 sAgaramalajI jaina (phona naM0 07364- 27425) yA DaoN0 rAjendrakumAra jaina (phona naM0 07364- 26153) zAjApura se pratyakSa rUpa se yA phona para samparka sthApita kara sakate haiN| vartamAna samaya meM vidyApITha ke pustakAlaya kA lAbha lekara sAgaramala jI ke mArgadarzana meM zAjApura nagara ke 2 chAtra/chAtrA jainavidyA meM ema0e0 pUrvArddha aura 9 chAtra-chAtrAe~ ema0e0 uttarArddha meM adhyayanarata haiN| isake atirikta tIna jaina sAdhviyAM jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM se pI-eca0DI0 kI upAdhi ke lie apanA zodhaprabandha taiyAra kara rahI haiM tathA 2 chAtroM ne vikrama vizvavidyAlaya se pI-eca0DI0 kI DigrI hetu paMjIyana karAne ke lie Avedana kiyA hai| sAtha hI vidyApITha meM prati saptAha guruvAra ko rAtri ke 8.30 baje zraddheya sAgaramalajI sAhaba ke maMgala

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162 : zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka pravacana evaM dhyAna-sAdhanA kA kAryakrama cala rahA hai| prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura meM tIna divasIya mauna, jJAna- dhyAna zivira sampanna prAcya vidyApITha meM parama zraddheya guru bhAnuvijayajI mahArAja (pATaNa- gujarAta) evaM DaoN0 sAgaramalajI ke maGgala sAnnidhya evaM mArgadarzana meM sarvamaGgala parivAra (bhopAla-indaura-ujjaina- zAjApura) ke saujanya se dinAMka 28, 29 aura 30 mArca 2002 ko Ayojita tIna divasIya mauna, jJAna-dhyAna zivira sAnanda sampanna huaa| isa zivira meM sthAnIya dharmapremiyoM ke atirikta gujarAta evaM madhyapradeza ke vibhinna nagaroM se padhAre lagabhaga 125 zivirArthiyoM ne sammilita hokara jJAna-dhyAna sAdhanA kA lAbha liyaa| zivira kI dinacaryA pratidina prAtaH 4.30 baje se Arambha hokara rAtri ko 10.00 baje sampanna hotI thI, jisake vibhinna satroM meM pravacana ke atirikta dhyAna, yogAsana evaM prANAyAma evaM rekI ke vizeSajJoM kI sevAoM kA zivirArthiyoM ne utsAhapUrvaka lAbha lekara apanI jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna bhI prApta kiyA / antima dina samApana samAroha ke avasara para zivirArthiyoM ne zivira ke apane anubhava btaaye| sAtha hI bhAva-vibhora hokara guruvara bhAnuvijayajI mahArAja evaM sammAnanIya DaoN0 sAgaramalajI sAhaba ke prati zraddhApUrvaka namana kiyA aura zrI esa0DI0 koTaka (dhyAna vizeSajJa, gujarAta), zrI candrazekharajI (yoga evaM prANAyAma vizeSajJa), DaoN0 sudhA jaina (prekSA dhyAna vizeSajJa - pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI), zrImatI citrA bahana (rekI mAsTara - devAsa), prajJA bahana- gujarAta tathA zrI vimala bhaNDArI - bhopAla (bhakti gItoM ke gAyaka) ke prati hRdaya se kRtajJatA jJApita kI aura sarvamaGgala parivAra ke pratyeka sadasya zrI zekharajI gelar3A, indaura, zrI surezabhAI dezaleharA- indaura, zrI yazavaMta bhAI- ujjaina, zrI zAntilAlajI - bhopAla, zrI narendrabhAI, zrI nandalAlajI zAjApura - ke prati isa tIna divasIya vyavasthita, samucita va sundara Ayojana ke liye dhanyavAda jJApita kiyA / mahApuruSoM va apane pUrvajoM ke itihAsa ko doharAnA Avazyaka sAdhvI DaoN0 arcanA jIrA (paMjAba) "vaha kauma hamezA jindA rahatI hai jo apane pUrvajoM ko yAda rakhatI hai isake viparIta unakA astitva zIghra miTa jAtA hai jo apane bujurgoM ko bhUla jAtI haiN| isalie mahApuruSoM kI janma jayantiyoM va puNya smaraNa ke bahAne apane pUrvajoM ke itihAsa ko avazya doharAnA cAhie, kyoMki Ane vAlI pIr3hiyAM unake mahAn caritra se preraNA va nasIhata prApta karatI haiN| pradhAnAcArya pUjyazrI sohanalAlajI mahArAja va AcAryasamrAT zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja apane samaya ke mUrdhanya vidvAn, tapasvI, pravaktA,

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jaina jagat : 163 svAdhyAyI, dhyAnI va apramatta sAdhaka the| navakAra mahAmantra ke tRtIya pada para AsIna hokara bhI ve jIvana meM nirAbhimAnI, sarala va sahaja bane rhe| donoM mahApuruSoM ke tejasvI, jIvana se paMjAba saMgha va bhAratavarSa kA sampUrNa sthAnakavAsI samAja gauravAnvita huA hai| AcArya zrI sohanalAlajI mahArAja ko ajamera sammelana (san 1935) meM bhAratavarSa kI sampUrNa sthAnakavAsI-paramparAoM ke sabhI AcAryoM ne apanA pradhAnAcArya svIkAra karake unake anupama zruta va zIla kA abhinandana kiyaa| AcAryazrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja ko sAdar3I sammelana (san 1952) meM bAIsa sampradAyoM ke battIsa AcAryoM ne apane padoM kA vyAmoha chor3a kara eka svara se saMgaThana ko mahattva dete hue apanA anuzAstA svIkAra kiyaa| vaha AcAryasamrAT ke pada se vibhUSita hue| donoM santa paMjAba prAnta ke the| donoM ke vyaktitva va kartRtva se paMjAba gauravAnvita huaa| pravartanI zrI pArvatIjI mahArAja apane samaya kI mahAn viduSI va zAsana prabhAvikA sAdhvIratna thiiN| solaha riyAsatoM ke rAjA samaya-samaya para unake caraNoM meM upasthita hokara mArgadarzana prApta karate the| vaha sAkSAt durgA, bhagavatI va sarasvatI svarUpA sAdhvI thiiN| labdhiyAM va siddhiyAM unake samakSa natamastaka thiiN| tatkAlIna samAja meM phailI kurItiyoM va vikRtiyoM para unhoMne kaThora prahAra karake samAja ko unase mukta kraayaa| nirvyasanI ahiMsaka samAja kI saMracanA meM unakA yogadAna bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| unhoMne strI zikSA, gau sevA, svadharmI bandhuoM ke prati sahayoga va jIvadayA ke mahAn kAryoM ke prati samAja ko jAgRta kiyaa|" ukta vicAra sAdhvI DaoN0 arcanAjI ma0 ne pradhAnAcArya zrIsohanalAlajI ma0 ke 154veM janmotsava para tathA AcAryasamrATa zrIAtmArAmajI mahArAja ke 41veM va pravartinI zrI pArvatIjI ma0 ke 63veM puNya smaraNa samAroha para bolate hue vyakta kiye| isa avasara para sAdhvI manISA jI mahArAja ne sabhA ko sambodhita karate hue kahA - "ve AtmAeM dhanya hotI haiM jinake jIvana ke kriyAkalApoM se deza, dharma, jAti va kula gauravAnvita hotA hai| isa nazvara va bhautika saMsAra meM jo AyA hai eka dina use avazya jAnA bhI hotA hai para apane satkarmoM se vyakti amara ho jAtA hai| zatAbdiyoM taka loga unheM bhUla nahIM pAte haiN| tInoM mahAn AtmAeM zrI sohanalAlajI mahArAja, zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja va zrI pArvatIjI mahArAja ne apane saMyamaniSTha jIvana se svayaM kA to utthAna kiyA hI, sAtha hI jinazAsana kI abhUtapUrva prabhAvanA karake jainadharma ke pracAra va prasAra meM mahAn yogadAna diyaa| jarmanI ke vidvAn va zodha vidyArthI tInoM mahApuruSoM ke caraNoM meM jainAgamoM-sambandhI jijJAsAoM ko zAnta karane va AgamoM ke gambhIra rahasyoM ko prApta karane ke lie upasthita hote rahate the| AcAryazrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja jainAgamoM ke prathama hindI TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM vizva prasiddha haiN| samatA, dhairya va atula puruSArtha ke bala para aitihAsika kAryoM ko inhoMne aMjAma diyaa| zrI azokakumAra jaina, jIrA ke dhvajArohaNa se kAryakrama kA zubhArambha huaa| zrI je0ke0 jaina kI adhyakSatA meM samAroha

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164 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka kI gatividhiyA~ sampanna huiiN| sabhI atithiyoM kA abhinandana esa0esa0 jaina sabhA ke pradhAna zrI vimalakumAra jaina, zrI AtmAnanda sabhA ke pradhAna zrI azoka jaina va zrI kImatIlAla jaina ne kiyaa| zrI Atmavallabha vidyApITha jIrA, sarasvatI maoNDala skUla jIrA, mahAvIra jaina maoNDala skUla, pharIdakoTa va jaina garlsa sI0 sai0 skUla ludhiyAnA kI chAtrAoM ne sAMskRtika kAryakrama prastuta karake samAroha ko bhavyatA pradAna kii| saMjIva jaina, babItA jaina, saMgItA jaina, kusuma jaina Adi ne bhajana prastuta kiye| gautamaprasAdI kA lAbha zrI surendrakumAra chajjUrAma jaina, jIrA ne liyaa| maMca kA kuzala saMcAlana jainasabhA ke mahAmantrI zrI ravindra jaina ne kiyaa| isa avasara para ludhiyAnA, amRtasara, paTTI, mogA, muktasara, nAbhA, jaitoM, pharIdakoTa, jaNDiyAlAguru va jAlandhara se bar3I saMkhyA meM padhAre gurubhakta upasthita the| DaoN0 zrImatI kRSNA jaina sammAnita dillI 31 mArca : suprasiddha lekhikA evaM mahArAnI lakSmIbAI kalA evaM vANijya mahAvidyAlaya, gvAliyara meM saMskRta kI sahAyaka prAdhyApikA DaoN0 zrImatI kRSNA jaina ko unake racanAtmaka kArya evaM lekhana Adi kA mUlyAMkana karate hue akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina mahilA saMgaThana, dillI dvArA prabhAvazAlI mahilA vidvAn ke rUpa meM sammAnita kiyA gyaa| zrI javAharAcArya para vizeSa DAka muhara evaM AvaraNa kA lokArpaNa jyotirdhara zrI javAharAcArya kI 125vIM janma jayantI ke pAvana avasara para bhArata sarakAra ke DAka vibhAga dvArA svIkRta vizeSa posTala sTAmpa evaM AvaraNa kavara kA lokArpaNa pichale dinoM rAjasthAna prAnta ke gaMgAzahara meM Ayojita eka bhavya samAroha meM sambhAgIya Ayukta zrI candramohana mINA evaM rAjasthAna kI sahAyaka mahADAkapAla madhumitA dAsa ne kiyaa| suzrI indu jaina rASTragaurava se sammAnita kolakAtA15 apraila, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 26sauveM janma kalyANaka mahotsava varSa ke upalakSya meM akhila bhAratIya di0 jaina pratibhA sammAna samAroha samiti kolakAtA dvArA 15 apraila 2002 ko kolakAtA sthita sAiMsa siTI sabhAgAra meM suzrI indu jaina ko 26 anya pratibhAoM ke sAtha 'rASTragaurava' alaGkaraNa se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| suprasiddha vidvAn DaoN0 phUlacanda jI jaina 'premI' kI suputrI suzrI indu ko yaha sammAna

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jaina jagat : 165 raMgamaMca kalAkAra ke rUpa meM abhinaya, gAyana aura kAryakrama saMcAlana kI vizeSa dakSatA ke AdhAra para diyA gyaa| DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina 'premI' gommaTezvara puraskAra se sammAnita sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI ke jainadarzana-vibhAga ke adhyakSa evaM akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina vidvat pariSad ke rASTrIya adhyakSa DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina 'premI' 25 apraila ko zravaNabelagolA meM eka bhavya samAroha meM cArukIrti bhaTTAraka svAmIjI dvArA gommaTezvara puraskAra se sammAnita kiye gye| DaoN0 jaina ko yaha puraskAra jainadharma, darzana, saMskRti evaM sAhitya ke kSetra meM kiye gaye yogadAna ke lie pradAna kiyA gyaa| jJAtavya hai ki zrI premI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke pUrva chAtra haiM aura yahIM unhoMne apanA zodhaprabandha taiyAra kiyA hai| bAsokuNDa meM vidvat saMgoSThI sampanna mujaphpharapura 25-26 apraila : vAsokuNDa-mujaphpharapura sthita prAkRta jaina zAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava varSa ke samApana ke avasara para 25-26 apraila 2002 ko "AtaMkavAda ke zamana meM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI prAsaMgikatA" nAmaka viSaya para do divasIya saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| saMgoSThI ke vibhinna satroM meM kaI mahattvapUrNa AlekhoM kA vAcana huaa| isI samAroha meM saMsthAna dvArA prakAzita nUtana 11 granthoM kA vimocana tirahuta maNDala ke Ayukta ne kiyaa| 'mahAbalIpuram' meM aitihAsika pratiSThA samAroha sampanna . naI dillI 26 apraila : zreSThivarya harakhacandajI nAhaTA ke parijanoM dvArA nayI dillI ke nikaTavartI bhATI gA~va meM vikasita 'mahAbalIpuram' meM navanirmita pArzva-padmAvatI jinAlaya meM 22-26 apraila taka pratiSThA mahotsava sollAsa sampanna huaa| isa samAroha meM aMcalagaccha, tapAgaccha aura kharataragaccha ke pUjya sAdhu-sAdhvI (kula ThANA 46) upasthita the| dillI ke itihAsa meM yaha eka anUThA avasara thA jabaki kisI dhArmika samAroha meM zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka samAja ke sabhI pramukha sampradAyoM ke AcArya eka sAtha upasthita rhe| isa nUtana jinAlaya ke nirmANa kA pUrNa dAyitva sva0 harakhacandajI nAhaTA ke tInoM suyogya putroM - lalita, pradIpa evaM dilIpa ne vahana kiyaa|

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166 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka puraskAra vitaraNa samAroha evaM pANDulipi pradarzanI jayapura 12 maI : jainavidyA saMsthAna zrImahAvIrajI tathA apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, jayapura dvArA saMcAlita vibhinna pAThyakramoM meM varIyatA prApta chAtroM ko puraskRta karane hetu 12 maI ko sthAnIya totUkA bhavana, digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI meM, puraskAra vitaraNa samAroha kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para inTaika bhAratIya saMrakSaNa saMsthAna pariSad, lakhanaU ke sahayoga se sthApita mahAvIra digambara jaina pANDulipi saMrakSaNa kendra, jayapura dvArA saMrakSita pANDulipiyoM kI pradarzanI bhI Ayojita kI gyii| pUjana prazikSaNa zivira sampanna bInA 19 maI : bhagavAn mahAvIra kI 2600vIM janma jayantI ke pAvana avasara para anekAnta jJAna mandira, bInA dvArA prAyojita pUjana prazikSaNa zivira kI zRGkhalA meM pAMcavAM zivira munizrI saralasAgarajI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM zrI digambara jaina bar3A mandira, bInA meM dinAMka 8 maI ko prArambha huA jo dinAMka 17 maI taka claa| isa zivira meM kula 350 logoM ne bhAga liyaa| tIna hajAra varasItapa : jaina zAsana meM vizva rekaoNrDa AcArya samrATa ajarAmara svAmI kA sarvatra jayajayakAra jagat ko ahiMsA, anekAnta, aparigraha tathA prema evaM karuNA kA zAzvata sandeza pradAna karane vAle bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600veM janma kalyANaka evaM jaina jyotirdhara, yugapuruSa, zrI ajarAmarajI svAmI ke 250veM janmotsava ke upalakSya meM zrI sthAnakavAsI jaina lImbaDI ajarAmara sampradAya kI ora se Ayojita ArAdhanA varSa ke antargata ekAntara upavAsapUrvaka 2600 varSItapa kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| jaina zAsana meM 2500 varSa ke itihAsa meM isa prakAra kA Ayojana prathama bAra hone se asambhava sA laga rahA thA lekina deva-guru kI mahatI kRpA evaM ajarAmara guru ke pratyakSa prabhAva se jinazAsana meM varSItapa kA kIrtimAna sthApita huaa| 2600 kI jagaha 3000 zraddhAlu isa kaThina tapazcaryA meM jur3e haiM jisameM 100 jitane pU0 sAdhu-sAdhvIjI bhI zAmila haiN| rAjIva gAMdhI mAnava sevA puraskAra zrI mohana bhAI ko jayapura 25 maI, kendrIya mAnava saMsAdhana vikAsa mantrAlaya kI rASTrIya cayana samiti dvArA rAjIva gAMdhI mAnava sevA puraskAra 2001 hetu bAla vikAsa va bAla kalyANa ke kSetra meM utkRSTa yogadAna ke liye zrI mohana bhAI ko pradAna karane kI ghoSaNA kI gayI hai| isa puraskAra ke antargata 1 lAkha rupaye nakada va prazastipatra pradAna kiyA

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jaina jagat : 167 jAtA hai| curu (rAjasthAna) meM san 1919 meM janme zrI mohana bhAI 18 varSa kI umra se hI svatantratA Andolana meM kUda par3e aura deza kI svatantratA ke pazcAt unhoMne samAja sevA kA kSetra cunA evaM bAla zikSaNa va saMskAra ko apanA mukhya lakSya banA liyA aura dhIre-dhIre apane kaThina prayAsoM se pUre bIkAnera saMbhAga ko zikSA ke kSetra meM samRddha banA diyaa| mahAtmA gAMdhI aura AcArya tulasI ko apanA Adarza mAnane vAle zrI mohanabhAI baccoM ko bhagavAn ke samakakSa darjA dete hue unheM rASTra kA bhaviSya mAnate haiN| ve mAnate haiM ki naI pIr3hI ke sahI dizAdarzana ke liye zikSakoM va abhibhAvakoM ko ucita prazikSaNa va preraNA kI AvazyakatA hai| dillI meM grISmakAlIna adhyayanazAlA sampanna dillI 16 jUna : bhogIlAla laheracanda iMsTiTyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI, dillI dvArA prati varSa kI bhA~ti isa varSa bhI prAkRtabhASA evaM sAhitya, jaina dharma va darzana aura pANDulipi vijJAna evaM zodha pravidhi ina tIna viSayoM para alaga-alaga tIna-tIna saptAhoM kI eka kAryazAlA kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| kAryazAlA kA prArambha 26 maI ko huaa| udghATana samAroha meM rASTrIya saMskRta saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro0 vhI0 kuTumba zAstrI adhyakSa tathA pro0 prema siMha mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM upasthita the| ukta viSayoM meM deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se padhAre 36 pratibhAgiyoM ne bhAga liyaa| dinAMka 16 jUna ko kAryazAlA kI samApti para samApana samAroha kA Ayojana rahA jisameM bhArata sarakAra ke yojanA vibhAga ke sadasya mAnanIya zrI somapAla zAstrI mukhya atithi rhe| isa avasara para saMsthA ke adhyakSa, upAdhyakSa tathA isase jur3e anya viziSTa jana bar3I saMkhyA meM upasthita the| bhagavAn supArzvanAtha kA janma kalyANaka divasa samAroha sampanna . vArANasI 22 jUna, bhadainI sthita bhagavAn supArzvanAtha ke di0 jaina mandira meM jyeSTha zukla dvAdazI zanivAra tadanusAra 22 jUna 2002 ko bhagavAn supArzvanAtha kA janma-tapa kalyANaka divasa manAyA gayA jisameM vibhinna dhArmika kAryakrama sampanna hue| isa avasara para bar3I saMkhyA meM upasthita zraddhAluoM ne darzana-pUjana kA lAbha liyaa| jainadharma kI sarvottama pustakoM para puraskAra kI ghoSaNA bhagavAn mahAvIra phAuNDezana, cennaI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600veM janma kalyANaka mahotsava varSa ke upalakSya meM jainadharma evaM darzana kI sarvottama pustakoM para do lAkha rupaye puraskAra svarUpa pradAna karane kA nirNaya kiyA hai

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168 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka 1. hindI-bhASA meM likhita sarvottama pustaka - 1 lAkha rupaye 2. aMgrejI-bhASA meM likhita sarvottama pustaka - 1 lAkha rupaye pustaka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sArvabhaumika siddhAntoM kA Adhanika DhaMga se pratipAdana tathA vartamAna yuga kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM unakI upayogitA kI carcA honI anivArya hai| pustaka 250 pRSThoM (mudrita) se adhika nahIM honI caahie| aprakAzita pustakoM ko 6 pratiyAM bhejanI hogii| pustakeM bhejane kI antima tithi 30.11.2002 hai| isa sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI nimnalikhita pate para prApta kI jA sakatI hai - zrI dulIcanda jaina, saMyojaka, bhagavAn mahAvIra phAuNDezana, posTa baoNksa naM0 2983, 11 ponappA lena, TriplIkena hAI roDa, cenaI-600005. jaina samAja kI gaurava ku0 rAjula borundiyA perumbUra, cennaI nivAsI ku0 rAjula borundiyA (suputrI zrI vimalacanda jI borundiyA) ne iNTaramIDieTa kI vArSika parIkSA- vANijya varga meM 1200 meM 1111 aMka prApta kara parivAra aura samAja ke gaurava meM abhivRddhi kii| tIna varSa pUrva rAjula ke bhAI amitarAja ne bhI isI parIkSA meM 1200 meM se 1128 aMka prApta kiye the| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI ora se ku0 rAjula ko unakI isa upalabdhi ke lie hArdika bdhaaii| pro0 pannAlAla jaina DAkTareTa kI upAdhi se vibhUSita zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, damoha meM bhautika zAstra ke adhyakSa pro0 pannAlAla jaina ko unake dvArA likhita zodhapranbadha 'cArya kairiyara mAigrezana eNDa prepiMga prAparTIja oNpha sama oNpha dI lIDiMga oNrgenika paoNlImarsa' para DaoN0 harIsiMha gaura sAgara vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI-eca0DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gyii| pro0 jaina ko inakI isa upalabdhi ke liye bdhaaii| pAlitAnA meM eka hI samudAya ke 600 sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA prathama bAra cAturmAsa sva0 AcArya vijayarAmacandrasUri mahArAja ke samudAya ke 600 sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA varSa 2002 kA caturmAsa zatruJjaya girirAja kI talahaTI meM sthita pAlitAnA nagara meM hone jA rahA hai| jJAtavya hai ki isa samudAya ke gacchAdhipati zrIvijayamahodayasUri jI masA0 kA 28 apraila 2002 ko nidhana ho gyaa| apane nidhana se pUrva unhoMne apane pUre samudAya ke sAtha pAlitAnA meM cAturmAsa karane kI bhAvanA vyakta kI thii| sva0 AcAryazrI kI bhAvanA kA sammAna karate hue unake samudAya ke 15 AcArya bhI yahIM

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jaina jagat : 169 cAturmAsa vyatIta kreNge| vi0saM0 2058 ASADha sudi 2 zukravAra tadanusAra 12 julAI 2002 ko sabhI pUjyoM kA cAturmAsa praveza hone jA rahA hai| AcArya kalAprabhasAgara jI ma0 kA cAturmAsa prAcIna dattANI mahAvidehatIrtha dhAma meM acalagacchIya AcArya kalAprabhasAgara jI ma0sA0 ThANA-6 kA varSa 2002 kA maMgala cAturmAsa praveza prAcIna dattANI mahAvidehatIrtha dhAma meM dinAMka 11 julAI ko sampanna huaa| isa punIta avasara para deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se bar3I saMkhyA meM padhAre guru bhaktoM evaM sthAnIya saMgha ne bar3e utsAha se bhAga liyaa| cAturmAsa kI avadhi meM AcAryazrI kI pAvana nizrA meM vibhinna kAryakrama sampanna hoNge| zrI rameza muni jI DaoN0 rAjendra muni jI kA cAturmAsa jAlandhara meM zramaNa saMgha ke tRtIya paTTadhara AcArya devendra muni zAstrI ke vidvAn ziSya paNDitaratna zrI rameza muni jI, upapravartaka DaoN0 rAjendramuni jI ThANA 4 kA 21 julAI ko jAlandhara nagara meM cAturmAsArtha maMgala praveza huaa| pravezotsava kI vizAla zobhA yAtrA meM sthAnIya jaina samAja ke atirikta deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se bar3I saMkhyA meM padhAre guru bhaktoM ne atyanta utsAha ke sAtha bhAga liyaa| .. cAturmAsa sthala : jaina sthAnaka, gur3a maNDI, kotavAlI bAjAra, jAlaMdhara (paMjAba) . pUjya sumatiprakAza jI ma0 ThANA 9 kA cAturmAsa jammU meM zramaNasaMghIya salAhakAra pUjya zrI sumati prakAza jI, variSTha upAdhyakSa upAdhyAya pravara DaoN0 vizAlamuni jI ThANA 9 aura mahAsatI zrI pUjA jyoti jI ma0sA0 ThANA 7 kA samvat 2059 kA cAturmAsa jaina sthAnaka, jaina bAjAra, jamma meM hone jA rahA hai| ukta sabhI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA 6 julAI ko jammU meM praveza hogA aura 20 julAI ko jaina sthAnaka meM cAturmAsa praveza kA kAryakrama hogaa| cAturmAsa kI avadhi meM pratidina prArthanA, pravacana, zAstra svAdhyAya, pratikramaNa aura dharma carcA ke kAryakrama hoMge jo sUryodaya se prArambha hokara rAtri ke 9 baje cleNge| muni zrI 108 aruNasAgara jI mahArAja kA cAturmAsa devabanda meM ___ AcAryazrI puSpadanta sAgara jI ke ziSya munizrI aruNasAgara jI ma.sA0 kA varSa 2002 kA maMgala cAturmAsa devabanda (sahAranapura, uttara pradeza) meM honA sunizcita huA hai| 23 julAI ko munizrI ke cAturmAsa kI sthApanA hogii| devabanda nagara meM 77 varSoM ke uparAnta kisI muni kA cAturmAsa ho rahA hai|

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170 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka zrI saubhAgya muni jI 'kumuda' kA cAturmAsa ahamadAbAda meM zramaNa saMghIya mahAmantrI zrI saubhAgya muni jI 'kumuda evaM upapravartaka zrI vijayamuni jI 'vAgIza' ThANA 5 kA di0 18 julAI ko zAhIbAga, ahadAbAda meM cAturmAsArtha maMgala praveza huaa| isI avasara para sva0 upAdhyAya kanhaiyAlAla jI 'kamala' dvArA sampAdita gaNitAnuyoga bhAga 2 ke vimocana kA kAryakrama bhI sampanna huaa| zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI smRti sAhitya puraskAra hetu grantha Amantrita zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, bhadainI, vArANasI dvArA pravartita zrI gaNeza prasAdavarNI smRti sAhitya puraskAra, varSa 2002 ke puraskAra ke liye jaina dharma, darzana, sAhitya, siddhAnta, samAja, saMskRti, bhASA evaM itihAsa viSayaka maulika sRjanAtmaka, cintana, anusandhAnAtmaka, zAstrIya paramparA yukta kRti kI 4 pratiyA~ 31 agasta 2002 taka Amantrita haiN| jJAtavya hai ki isa puraskAra meM 5001/- rupayA nakada tathA prazastipatra pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| varSa 2001 kA ukta puraskAra suprasiddha sarvodayI vicAraka evaM lekhaka zrI jamanAlAla jaina ko unakI kRti cintana pravAha: * sevA se zreyasa kI ora ko pradAna karane kI ghoSaNA kI jA cukI hai| zrI hIrAlAla jaina adhyakSa nirvAcita paMcakUlA 4 agasta : samAjaratna zrI hIrAlAla jaina (ludhiyAnA) sarvasammati se 4 agasta ko zrI jinendra gurukula, paMcakUlA (hariyANA) kI prabandha samiti ke adhyakSa nirvAcita hue| isa avasara para samAja ke 20 anya vyakti bhI kAryasamiti ke sadasya cune gye| zrI hIrAlAla jaina ko kAryasamiti ke padAdhikAriyoM ko niyukta karane kA bhI adhikAra diyA gyaa| hamAre liye yaha atyanta gaurava kI bAta hai ki zrI hIrAlAla jI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke kAryakArI adhyakSa bhI haiN| vidyApITha parivAra zrI hIrAlAla jI kI isa upalabdhi para unakA hArdika abhinandana karatA hai| zraddhAJjali zrI narendrapata siMha jI dUgar3a kA nidhana jaina bhavana, kolakAtA ke adhyakSa tathA sthAyI TrasTI zrI narendrapata siMha dUgar3a kA 1 janavarI 2002 ko dehAvasAna ho gyaa| ApakA janma 1916 I0 meM hairAvata sTeTa ke jamIMdAra surapata siMha kI dharmapatnI zrImatI mainA kumArI devI kI kukSI se huaa| ApakI zikSA presIDensI kaoNleja, kalakattA meM huii| Apake pAsa prAcIna aura navIna sikkoM kA bar3A saMgraha thA aura isa sambandha meM Apa acchI jAnakArI rakhate the| Apake tIna putra aura eka putrI haiN| ApakI smRti meM jaina bhavana meM 5 janavarI ko dina meM 3.00

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jaina jagat : 171 baje eka zraddhAJjali sabhA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM kalakattA jaina samAja va vibhinna saMsthAoM ke pratinidhi upasthita the| AcArya vijaya indradinnasUrijI svargastha ___ tapAgacchIya zrI Atmavallabha samudrapaTTa-paramparA ke gacchAdhipati zrI vijayaindradinasUrijI ma.sA0 kA 4 janavarI 2002 ko ambAlA meM nidhana ho gyaa| ApakA janma vi0saM0 1980 meM bar3odarA sTeTa ke mAlapurA grAma meM huA thaa| vi0saM0 1999 meM Apane dIkSA grahaNa kI aura vi0saM0 2034 meM Apako AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| Apane apane dIkSA paryAya ke 6 dazakoM taka bar3I saMkhyA meM paramAra kSatriyoM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyaa| yugapuruSa bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA divaMgata jaina sAhitya mahArathI, yugapuruSa bhaMvaralAlajI nAhaTA kA 11 pharavarI 2002 ko kolakAtA meM nidhana ho gyaa| sana 1911 bIkAnera meM janme nAhaTAjI ne sAta dazakoM taka jaina-sAhitya ke adhyayana-saMzodhana aura lekhana ke kSetra meM naye AyAma prastuta kiye| unake dvArA prArambha kiye gaye ukta kAryoM ko jArI rakhanA hI unheM saccI zraddhAJjali hai| zramaNa kA prastuta aMka ApakI smRti meM prakAzita hai| AcArya kalApUrNasUrijI mahArAja kA svargavAsa suprasiddha adhyAtmayogI tapAgacchIya AcArya vijayakalApUrNasUri kA 16 pharavarI 2002 ko rAjasthAna prAnta ke jAlora jilAntargata sthita kezavaNA nAmaka sthAna para nidhana ho gyaa| ApakA janma vi0saM0 1980 meM phalaudI (rAjasthAna) meM huA thaa| phalaudI meM hI Apane dIkSA prApta kI tathA saM0 2029 meM AcArya bne| AcAryazrI ke pArthiva zarIra kA antima saMskAra gujarAta prAnta ke pATana jile meM avasthita zaMkhezvara tIrthadhAma meM Agama mandira ke nikaTa sampanna huA jisameM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM zraddhAlujana upasthita rhe| pro0 lakSmInArAyaNa tivArI kA nidhana zramaNa saMskRti ke vizeSajJa tathA prAcya bhAratIya bhASAoM ke talasparzI vidvAn pro0 lakSmInArAyaNa tivArI kA dinAMka 10 mArca ko nidhana ho gyaa| jJAtavya hai Apa lambe samaya taka sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya se jur3e rahe aura vahIM se avakAza bhI grahaNa kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se ApakA atyanta ghaniSTha sambandha rahA aura samaya-samaya para yahA~ padhArate rhe| vidyApITha parivAra kI ora se pro0 tivArI ko hArdika shrddhaanyjli|

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172 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka AcArya vijayamahodayasUrijI ma0 divaMgata tapAgacchAdhipati AcArya vijayarAmacandrasUrijI ma.sA0 ke paTTadhara AcArya vijayamahodayasUrijI ma.sA0 kA 28 apraila ko ahamadAbAda meM nidhana ho gyaa| Apa pichale Der3ha mAha se pakSAghAta se pIr3ita the| pichale pharavarI mAha meM hI sAbaramatI-ahamadAbAda meM vijayarAmacandrasUri smRti mandira kI pratiSThA kA aitihAsika mahotsava ApazrI kI nizrA meM Ayojita kiyA gayA thaa| ApakA antima saMskAra AnandadhAma, ahamadAbAda meM sampanna huA jisameM deza ke kone-kone se padhAre zraddhAluoM ne bar3I saMkhyA meM upasthita hokara Apako bhAvabhInI zraddhAJjali arpita kii| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ukta sabhI mahAnubhAvoM ke prati hArdika zraddhAJjali arpita karatA hai| pro0 vI0 veMkaTAcalama svargastha sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke pUrva kulapati evaM saMskRti ke zIrSastha vidvAn pro0 vI0veMkaTAcalama kA dinAMka 7 jUna ko cennaI meM nidhana ho gyaa| Apake nidhana se eka yuga kA anta ho gyaa| sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI, kAmezvara siMha saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya darabhaMgA ke kulapati tathA lAlabahAdura zAstrI saMskRta vidyApITha ke kulAdhipati aura kauMsila oNpha iNDiyana philaoNsaphikala risarca ke ceyaramaina jaise atyanta mahattvapUrNa padoM kA atyanta kuzalApUrvaka nirvahana kiyaa| 1990 se 1992 taka Apane dillI sthita bhogIlAla laheracanda iMsTiTyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI ke nidezaka pada ko suzobhita kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se ApakA nikaTa sambandha rahA aura kaI bAra vibhinna samArohoM meM Apa vahA~ pdhaare| Apake nidhana se saMskRta jagat kI apUraNIya kSati huI hai| vidyApITha parivAra kI ora se pro0 veGkaTAcalama ko hArdika shrddhaanyjli|

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sAhitya-satkAra SaTkhaNDAgama kI zAstrIya bhUmikA, DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, prakAzaka- prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujaphpharanagara, pRSTha 512, prathama saMskaraNa-I0 san 2000, mUlya 495/- rupye| parama zraddheya sva0 DaoN0 hIrAlAla jI jaina mere zodhaprabandha 'jaina dharma meM ahiMsA vicAra' ke parIkSaka the| yaha mere lie saubhAgya kI bAta hai ki mujhe unakI mahattvapUrNa kRti evaM unake viSaya meM apane bhAva vyakta karane kA suavasara milA hai| DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI jaina mAtra jaina paramparA hI nahIM balki sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti ke manISI the| unake jaise jJAnI puruSa sadA abhinandanIya hote haiM, vandanIya hote haiN| prastuta kRti tathA prakAzana kI prakriyA meM SaTkhaNDAgama ke 16 bhAga unake bIsa varSoM ke athaka parizrama ke suphala haiN| isa mahAna kArya se unhoMne jaina sAhitya kA uddhAra tathA jaina sAhitya-premiyoM kA bahuta bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| isake lie prAcya vidyA se sambandhita sabhI loga sAmAnya rUpa meM tathA jaina vidyA-premI vizeSa rUpa meM unake sadA RNI rheNge| santoM ke AzIrvAda se kaThina se kaThina kArya bhI AsAna ho jAte haiN| prastuta prakAzana ko parama pU0 upAdhyAya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja kA AzIrvAda prApta hai yaha ati prasannatA kI bAta hai| unake AzIrvAda se jaina sAhitya Age bhI samRddha hotA rahegA, aisI AzA hai| __pustaka kI bAhya rUparekhA AkarSaka hai tathA chapAI sApha-sutharI hai ata: prakAzaka badhAI ke pAtra haiN| -~~ DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA jaina nyAya ko AcArya akalaMkadeva kA avadAna, sampAdaka- DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina, DaoN0 jayakumAra jaina, DaoN0 azoka kumAra jaina, prakAzaka- prAcya zramaNa bhAratI, mujaphpharanagara, u0pra0, pR0 198, prathama saMskaraNa 1999 I0, mUlya100/- rupye| prastuta kRti dinAMka 27, 28, 29 akTUbara 1996 ko zAhapura (mujaphpharanagara) meM AcArya akalaMkadeva para Ayojita akhila bhAratIya vidvat saMgoSThI meM vidvAnoM dvArA par3he gae nibandhoM kA saMkalana hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne jaina nyAya ko suvyavasthA evaM sudRr3hatA pradAna kI hai jisake kAraNa kabhI-kabhI jaina nyAya ko

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174 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka akalaMka nyAya ke nAma se bhI sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| vidvAnoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se nibandhoM meM akalaMkadeva kI vividha dRSTiyoM ko prakAzita kiyA hai jisase nyAya jaise kaThina viSaya ko spaSTatA evaM saralatA prApta huI hai| zraddheya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI aura paM0 darabArI lAla koThiyA ke nibandhoM ke saGkalana se isakA mahattva aura bhI bar3ha gayA hai| jaina nyAya meM ruci rakhane vAle jijJAsuoM ke lie yaha pustaka atyanta upayogI hai| sampAdakagaNa- DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina, DaoN0 jaya kumAra jaina tathA DaoN0 azoka kumAra jaina dvArA kiyA gayA sampAdana kArya sarAhanIya hai| ina yuvA vidvAnoM ko merI hArdika zubhakAmanAe~ haiM aura ina logoM se AzA hai ki Age bhI saMgoSThI, saMkalana, sampAdana Adi kAryoM se ye jaina sAhitya ko samRddha karate rheNge| pustaka kI sAjasajjA AkarSaka aura mudraNa truTirahita hai| - DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA uttarAdhyayanasUtra (dArzanika anuzIlana evaM vartamAna pariprekSya meM usakA mahattva), sAdhvI DaoN0 vinIta prajJA, prakAzaka- zrI candraprabhu mahArAja, jUnA jaina mandira TrasTa, 345, minTa sTrITa, sAhukArapeTha, cennaI-600070, pRSTha 604, prathama saMskaraNa- 2002 I0, mUlya 300/- rupye| prastuta grantha sAdhvI DaoN. vinIta prajJA ke zodhaprabandha kA prakAzita rUpa hai| isameM kula 17 adhyAya haiM jinase uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke sarvAMgINa adhyayana kI jhalaka milatI hai| isase pahale bhI uttarAdhyayanasUtra para vibhinna vidvAnoM ne kAma kie haiN| kintu isakA dArzanika pakSa samucita DhaMga se vivecita nahIM ho pAyA thA jisakI pUrti isa pustaka meM huI hai| isameM adhyayana kI vividhatA, vyApakatA tathA gaharAI avalokita hotI hai| isa gahana adhyayana ke lie lekhikA ko bahuta-bahuta bdhaaiiyaaN| pustaka kI bAhyAkRti AkarSaka hai tathA chapAI bhI sundara hai ataH prakAzaka bhI badhAI ke pAtra haiN| - DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA syAdvAdamaJjarI, pradhAna sampAdaka- zrI motIlAla lAghA jI, lAbhArthI- zrI nagInabhAI pauSadhazAlA, zrI kesarabAI jJAnamandira TrasTa, pATaNa (u0ma0), dvitIya saMskaraNa, vi0saM0 2058, mUlya 80/- rupye| kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandrAcArya viracita anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA para zrImalliSeNa dvArA kI gaI TIkA kA svatantra nAmakaraNa syAdvAdamaJjarI ke rUpa meM huA hai| isa vivecana ko bhI vibhinna vidvAnoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| usI krama meM eka vivecana evaM sampAdana zrI lAghAjI dvArA bhI jaina vidyA premiyoM ke samakSa prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo mahattvapUrNa hai| pustaka ko dekhane se sampAdaka kI zailI evaM bhAvapUrvaka kie gae vivecana kA jo bodha hotA hai vaha sarAhanIya hai| yadi isameM saMskRta vivecana ke sAtha

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sAhitya-satkAra : 175 hindI athavA gujarAtI artha bhI diyA gayA hotA to pustaka kI upayogitA aura bar3ha gaI hotI kyoMki syAdvAdamaJjarI vizvavidyAlayoM ke pAThyakrama meM bhI hai| isa kArya ke lie sampAdaka badhAI ke pAtra haiN| pustaka sundara aura chapAI suspaSTa hai| - DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA zrIsAgarAnandasUrizataka, racayitA-sumantabhadrajI, zabdArtha- zrImatI sudhAsumanta; AkAra-DimAI, pRSTha 12+100; prathama saMskaraNa- I0 san 2002; prakAzaka- prajJA pAramitA prakAzana, posTa bAksa naM0 12, ciMcavar3a, pUnA - 411033; mUlya 51/- rupye| prastuta pustaka AgamoddhAraka AcArya sAgarAnandasUri jI kA jIvana-caritra hai jise hindI bhASA meM kAvya ke mAdhyama se zrI sumantabhadrajI ne AcAryazrI kI 54vIM puNyatithi para prastuta kiyA hai| mAlavaziromaNi paMnyAsa zrI harSasAgara jI ma0 tathA unake ziSya zrI virAgasAgara jI ma0 isa racanA ke preraka rahe haiN| zrI sumantabhadra jI dvArA atyanta sarala aura sAragarbhita zabdoM meM racita isa kAvya kA zabdArtha zrImatI sudhA sumanta ne kiyA hai| kRti ke prArambha meM prakAzakIya ke antargata zrImatI sumanta ne AcAryazrI kI saMkSipta kintu sAragarbhita jIvanI prastuta kI hai| isa kRti se janasAmAnya jIvanacaritra se paricita hokara niHsandeha usase preraNA prApta kregaa| Aja isa bAta kI AvazyakatA hai ki isI prakAra vartamAna rUpa ke anya prabhAvaka AcAryoM ke jIvana ke bAre meM bhI sAmagrI prastuta kI jaaye| grantha kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka tathA mudraNa suspaSTa hai| aise sundara prakAzana hetu isake lekhaka, prakAzaka tathA prakAzana meM sahayogI tInoM hI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| -- zivaprasAda anusandhAna-19, sampAdaka- AcArya vijayazIlacandrasUri, AkAra-DimAI, pRSTha 4+164; prakAzanavarSa- I0san 2002, prakAzaka- kalikAlasarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya navama janmazatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNanidhi, ahmdaabaad| prAkRta bhASA aura jaina sAhitya viSayaka sampAdana aura saMzodhana ke kSetra meM Aja ekamAtra patrikA hai anusNdhaan| gujarAtI bhASA aura devanAgarI lipi meM AcArya vijayazIlacandrasUri jI ma0sA0 ke sampAdakatva meM prakAzita ho rahI isa patrikA kA pratyeka aMka jaina vidyA ke mUrdhanya manISiyoM ke AlekhoM se sajjita ho rahI hai| isI kar3I kA yaha 19vAM aGka hai| isameM sarvaprathama Alekha ke rUpa meM suprasiddha zrAvaka kavi RSabhadAsakRta vratavicArarAsa nAmaka kRti ko sampAdita kara AcArya vijayazIlacandrasUri jI ne prastuta kiyA hai| stavanacaubIsI, gautamasvAmIna stavana aura gautama sudharma gaNadhara bhAsa ye tInoM laghu kRtiyA~ hai jinheM muni jinasenavijaya jI ne sampAdita kiyA

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176 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka hai| muni bhuvanacandrajI ma.sA0 dvArA likhita vihaMgAvalokana bhI atyanta sAragarbhita hai| isa aGka kI ekavizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM 13 se 18 aGka taka ke AlekhoM kI tAlikA bhI dI gayI hai| hameM pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki anusaMdhAna ke pUrva aGkoM kI bhA~ti yaha aGka bhI prAkRta sAhityajagat meM prasaMzA prApta kregaa| AcAryazrI bhaviSya meM bhI anusandhAna ke mAdhyama se sAhityajagat ko isI prakAra kI mahattvapUrNa zodha sAmagrI prastuta karate raheMge, aisA hameM pUrNa vizvAsa hai| patrikA kI sAja-sajjA atyanta AkarSaka va mudraNa Tirahita hai| aisI viziSTa patrikA ke prakAzana ke liye sampAdaka aura prakAzaka donoM hI badhAI ke pAtra haiN| -- zivaprasAda rAmAnaMda vijaya, lekhaka- DaoN0 maMgalA prasAda, 'aparUpa', prathama saMskaraNa, I0 san 2001, prakAzaka- kallola prakAzana, nAsirapura, vArANasI, pRSTha saM0 60, mUlya rupayA eka sau| 'bhakta ratnAvalI' ke anusAra svAmI rAmAnanda madhyayugIna vaiSNava bhakti Andolana ke pravartaka, saMcAlaka aura zIrSastha yugapuruSa the| kAzI meM paJcagaGgAghATa sthita inakA Azrama Andolana kI gatividhiyoM kA kendra thaa| inakI ziSya maNDalI inheM rAma kA aMzAvatAra mAnatI thii| anuzruti prasiddha hai 'bhakti drAvir3a UpajI lAe rAmAnanda', AcArya zaGkara ke mAyAvAda-advaitavAda ke viruddha dakSiNa ke hI cAra AcAryoM ne bhakti ke . viziSTAdvaita, zuddhAdvaita, dvaitAdvaita, dvaita Adi siddhAntoM kA pravartana kiyaa| inameM bhrI sampradAya ke saMsthApaka AcArya rAmAnuja kA nAma agragaNya hai| unhoMne viziSTAdvaita siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyaa| rAmAnanda isI zrI sampradAya ke yugapuruSa the| prayAga nivAsI brAhmaNa dampatI puNyasadana aura suzIlA ne manu-satarUpA kI bhA~ti putra prApti ke lie bar3A japa-tapa kiyA to bhagavAn rAma ne deza ko tatkAlIna durdazA se mukta karAne ke lie brAhmaNa dampatI ke yahA~ rAmAnanda ke rUpa meM avatAra liyaa| unakI zikSA-dIkSA kAzIstha zrImaTha ke AcArya rAghavAnanda ke sAnnidhya meM huI jo rAmAnujAcArya kI ziSya paramparA ke eka dIptimAna AcArya the| isI pITha para rAghavAnanda ke pazcAt svAmI rAmAnanda pratiSThita hue aura unhoMne hindU samAja ke sabase kaThina daura meM zUdroM aura striyoM ko sAmAjika sammAna dilAne kA krAntikArI kArya kiyaa| unakA Adeza thA 'hari ko bhajai so hari kA hoii|' unake bAraha ziSyoM meM do kAzIvAsI ziSya raidAsa 'camAra' aura kabIra julAhe the| do striyA~ bhI unakI ziSyAyeM thii| inhIM svAmI rAmAnanda ke alaukika kAryoM para AdhArita mahAkAvya 'rAmAnandavijaya' kI racanA DaoN0 maMgalA prasAda ne kI hai| zaGkara digvijaya ke tarja para mahAkAvya kA nAmakaraNa 'rAmAnandavijaya' rakhA gayA

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sAhitya-satkAra : 177 pratIta hotA hai kyoMki rAmAnanda ne bhI yavanoM ke atyAcAra aura hinduoM ke mithyAcAra se apane samAja ko mukti dilAne ke lie bar3A zaktizAlI Andolana calAyA aura eka dhArmika-sAmAjika navajAgaraNa kA zaMkhanAda kiyA thaa| isa mahAkAvya kI kA bhI lekhaka ke anya mahAkAvyoM ke samAna saMkSipta hai kintu kavi ne apanI urvara kalpanA zakti ke sahAre usakA vistAra karake dasa sargoM meM pUrNa kiyA hai| prathama aihitya sarga meM tatkAlIna Arya saMskRti kI patanazIlatA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare sarga meM bhAratabhUmi ko yavanoM ke atyAcAra se mukti dilAne ke lie rAma kA rAmAnanda ke rUpa meM avatarita hone kA saMkalpa vyakta kiyA gayA hai| prayAgavAsI brAhmaNa dampatI ke ghara zizu rAmAnanda kA janma hotA hai| tRtIya sarga meM rAmAnanda kA kAzI ke zrImaTha meM rAghavAcArya se zikSA-dIkSA prApta karane kA prasaGga varNita hai| caturtha sarga meM rAmAnanda dvArA jananI janmabhUmi ke uddhArArtha apanA jIvana samarpita karane kA saGkalpa liyA jAtA hai| pitA ke Agraha ke bAvajUda ve ghara nahIM lauttte| yaha duHkhada samAcAra sunakara mAtA suzIlA ne prANa tyAga kara diyA aura pitA puNyasadana bhI virakta hokara ghara se nikala ge| pA~caveM sarga meM rAmAnanda kA dezabhramaNa aura deza kI durdazA kA avalokana aGkita hai| / SaSTha sarga meM kaula durjanAnanda kI zAstrArtha meM rAmAnanda jI se parAjaya tathA isI prakAra unakI anya vijayoM kA prabhAvazAlI varNana hai| saptama sarga meM tapaHpUtra rAmAnanda ko RtambharA prajJA kA sAkSAtkAra varNita hai| AThaveM sarga meM vijayayAtrA se lauTane para rAghavAnanda unheM gaddI ke nae nAyaka ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dekara svayaM mahAprayANa kara jAte haiN| naveM sarga meM rAmAnanda jagadguru kI padavI prApta kara zrImaTha meM virAjate haiM aura unakI chatrachAyA meM virakta vaiSNavoM ke vizAla akhAr3e sthApita hote haiN| nagara-nagara meM rAma mandira banavAye jAte haiM aura jAti-pA~ti ke bheda-bhAva se Upara uThakara sabhI ko adhyayana-pUjana kA krAntikArI kAryakrama pUrI gati se saJcAlita hotA hai / antima dazama sarga meM unake bAraha ziSyoM kA ullekha hai| kAvya kI bhASA prAJjala khar3I bolI hai| pratyeka sarga meM alaga-alaga chandoM kA pravAha hai / kavi vindhyakSetra kA nivAsI hai aura racanA meM vindhya kI prAkRtika suSamA kA bhI acchA varNana hai yathA 'vindhyAcala kI ghATI zyAmala, taru-tRNa vIrudha se AcchAdita | mRgAkIrNa hai vanasthalI, vana kukkuTa mayUra rava kuujit| ' kavi kA kavimana bar3A urvara hai aura ve prativarSa eka-do kAvya racanAe~ hindI saMsAra ko bheMTa kara rahe haiM ! zrImaTha ke vartamAna AcArya parama zraddheya svAmI rAmanarezAcArya kA una para varada hasta hai / AzA hai ki zItala chAyA meM kavi kI kAvyazakti kA nirantara vikAsa hogA aura nitanUtana racanAoM se ve hindI sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi karate raheMge /

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178 : zramaNa / janavarI - jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka yaha grantha jagadguru svAmI rAmAnandAcArya kI saptazatAbdI mahotsava ke suavasara para racita svAmI rAmAnanda ko avasarAnukUla zraddhAJjali hai| vizvAsa hai ki isa racanA kA hindI pAThaka svAgata kreNge| DaoN0 zitikaMTha mizra hanumatkavitAvalI (kavitta saMgraha), racanAkAra - DaoN0 maMgalA prasAda 'aparUpa', prakAzaka- kallola prakAzana, nAsirapura, vArANasI, (prathama antarrASTrIya hanumAna saMgoSThI ke avasara para vitaraNa hetu) prathama saMskaraNa, san 2001 I0, pR0saM0 26 / isameM zrIrAma ke ananya bhakta mahAvIra hanumAna kI stuti pacAsa kavittoM meM kI gaI hai| ve karma, jJAna aura bhakti mArgoM ke paramAcArya haiN| unake alaukika vyaktitva meM tInoM sAdhanAoM kA anupama saMgama hai| unake upakAra bhagavAn rAma para itane haiM ki ve kahate haiM 'debo na kachu riniyA~ hauM, dhanika tu patra likhAu / ' bhagavAn ke mahAjana bhakta pravara zrIhanumAna deza meM divya vibhUtiyoM ke bhayAvaha patana ko dekhakara bhI thake-thake udAsIna bhAva se zrIrAma kI lIlAbhUmi kI durdazA cupacApa kaise sahana kara rahe haiM ? isI AzaMkA se udvelita hokara DaoN0 maMgalA prasAda ne hanumAna ko jAmbavaMta kI taraha ina kavittoM ke mAdhyama se jagAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prArambhika zAradA stuti kI antima paMkti dhyAtavya hai- 'vitta kI kavitta se hai prakaTa tanAtanI / ' tRtIya kavitta meM deza kI vartamAna durdazA kA mArmika citra kavi khIMcA hai 'mAna mada moha mAtsarya se satAye nara, phirate haiM kAlanemi jahA~ tahA~ kitane / ' zrI hanumAna ko joza dilAtA huA kavi unake pUrva alaukika kAryoM kI rAma sugrIva mitAI, samudra laMghana, sItA khoja, laMkA dahana, bAlyAvasthA meM sUrya kA nigalanA, lakSmaNa zakti ke samaya saMjIvanI lAnA, ahirAvaNa ko mArane Adi kAryoM kA ojapUrNa kavitta zailI meM varNana karatA hai| naveM kavitta meM kAvyaracanA meM chaMda ke mahattva para vaha likhatA hai- 'kavimana vyAkula hai chaMda racanA ke hetu phiratI svacchanda hindI kavitA sarasvatI / ' lekhaka bacapana se hanumAna bhakta thA, bAlyAvasthA meM mA~ ne bhaya se mukti kA mantra diyA thA - 'Darane kA bAta kyA hai ? prAna! pitA ke sapUta, Dara lage, Tera lenA hanumAna bhaiyA / ' vaha upAlaMbha bhI detA hai' 'kali kI javAnI meM kyA kapi tuma vRddha hue / ' ve bAra-bAra prArthanA karate haiM- 'Adhi vyAdhi anagina ghera hai upAdhi kapi, saMkaTa vikaTa ghire saMkaTamocana ho / ' kavi kI kavitA meM hArdika bhakti hai, deza kI vartamAna durdazA kA mArmika varNana hai aura saMkaTamocana se mukti kI prArthanA hai| AzA hai AstikajanoM meM isakA pracAra hogaa| . DaoN0 zitikaNTha mizra

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sAhitya-satkAra : 179 sUktisaMgraha, sampAdaka- bra0 yazapAla jaina, prakAzaka- paNDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura (rAjasthAna) 302015, prathama saMskaraNa 2002 I0, pRSTha 72, mUlya 4/- rupye| vivecya pustaka meM AcArya vAdIbhasiMha viracita kSatracUr3AmaNi nAmaka grantha se brahmacArI yazapAla jI ne atyanta zramapUrvaka sUktiyoM kA saGkalana kiyA hai| isameM saMkalita sUktiyA~ hamAre dainika jIvana ke lie atyanta upayogI haiN| ina para cintana-manana karane se avazya hI bhAvoM meM nirmalatA evaM jIvana meM zucitA aaegii| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM sUktiyoM kA bar3A mahattva hai| inakA AkAra choTA hotA hai phalataH inheM yAda karanA sarala hotA hai aura yahI inakA sabase bar3A guNa hai| saMskRta jaina sAhitya meM kSatracUr3AmaNi eka anupama racanA hai| isa grantha meM vibhinna viSayoM para pada-pada para sUktiyoM kA prayoga huA hai| prastuta kRti meM sUktiyA~ yathAvat hI dI gayI haiM, mAtra unakA hindI anuvAda apane zabdoM meM rakhA hai| sUktiyA~ akArAdi kramAnusAra haiM tathA pratyeka sUkti ke anta meM lamba (adhyAya) va zloka kramAMka bhI diyA hai, jisase pAThaka mUla grantha se bhI milAna kara skeN| prastuta grantha meM kula 11 lamba haiM, lamba ke kramAnusAra die gae subhASitoM ke prakaraNa meM pratyeka zloka ke prArambha meM usakI viSaya-vastu ko spaSTa karane vAle prasaMga-vAkya apanI tarapha se jor3e gae haiN| isa taraha kA prayAsa nizcaya hI pAThakoM ke lie upAdeya siddha hogaa| pustaka AkAra meM choTI avazya hai, parantu isakI viSayavastu sabhI varga ke manuSyoM ke lie samAna rUpa se upayogI hai| - arpitA caTarjI pramANanirNaya, kartA- AcArya vAdirAja : sampAdaka-anuvAdaka- DaoN0 sUrajamukhI jaina; prathama saMskaraNa vi0saM0 2058/I0san 2001; prakAzaka- anekAnta jJAna mandira zodha saMsthAna, bInA (sAgara) madhya pradeza 470113; AkAra - DimAI; pR0 110+5; mUlya - sdupyog| pramANanirNaya jaina-nyAya kA eka prAcIna grantha hai| isa meM naiyAyika, mImAMsaka evaM bauddha dArzanikoM kI pramANaviSayaka mAnyatAoM kI khaNDanAtmaka evaM maNDanAtmaka samIkSA kI gayI hai| isa grantha meM samyagjJAna ko hI pramANa batAyA gayA hai- samyagjJAnaM prmaannN| dArzanika sAhitya meM granthakAra kI apekSA grantha ko uddhata karane kI prathA adhika hai ataeva bahuta se granthakAra Aja vismRti ke garbha meM haiN| saubhAgya kA viSaya hai ki pramANanirNaya kA adhika ullekha hone para bhI AcArya vAdirAja ko bhulAyA nahIM gyaa|

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180 : zramaNa/janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka dasavIM evaM gyArahavIM zatAbdI dArzanika jagat meM eka apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai, kyoMki usa samaya ke granthakAroM meM pramANoM ko vyAkhyAyita karane kI eka hor3a-sI lagI thii| unhIM granthakAroM meM pramANanirNayakAra vAdirAjasUri bhI eka haiM--- inakA samaya dasavIM zatAbdI kA prArambha yA madhyakAla mAnA jAtA hai| ye mAnamanohara nAmaka kRti (vaizeSika darzana) ke racayitA vAdivAgIzvarAcArya aura prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke racayitA prabhAcandra evaM akalaMkadeva ke samakAlIna mAne jAte haiN| pramANoM ko vyAkhyAyita karane vAloM meM iSTasiddhikAra zrI vimuktAtmA kA samaya (850-1050) mAnA jAtA hai| inheM nyAyamakaranda ke racayitA zrI Anandabodha (lagabhaga 1100 I0) apanA.guru mAnakara pramANamAlA meM kahate hai- "etadevoktaM gurubhiH - nAnyatra karaNAt kAryaM na cet tatraGka tadA bhvet|' pramANanirNaya kI vyAkhyA karanA sarala kArya nahIM hai, phira bhI jaina nyAya kI viduSI DaoN0 sUrajamukhI jaina ne ise vyAkhyAyita karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| unakA yaha vivecana mahattvapUrNa evaM sarAhanIya hai| aise mahattvapUrNa grantha kA hindI anuvAda prakAzita karane aura use sadupayoga hetu niHzulka vitarita kara prakAzaka saMsthA badhAI kI pAtra bana cukI hai| dharmendra kumAra siMha gautama Agamika aura aitihAsika kathAe~, lekhaka- muni vimalakumAra, prakAzakaAdarza sAhitya saMgha, curu (rAjasthAna), dvitIya saMskaraNa, 2000 I0, AkAraDimAI, pRSTha 131, mUlya - 40 rupye| ___ muni vimalakumAra jI dvArA likhita 'Agamika tathA aitihAsika kathAe~' sarala aura subodha bhASA meM janasAdhAraNa hetu kahAniyoM ke prastutIkaraNa kA sArthaka prayAsa hai| kathAe~ pramANita to haiM hI, kahAnI kI taraha paThanIya bhI haiN| kahAnI ke mAdhyama se sandeza spaSTa pahu~catA hai, sAtha hI kahAnI kI sarasatA va svAbhAvika pravAha bhI bAdhita nahIM hotI hai| __ jIvana aura darzana ke nagna tathA nIrasa satya ko kahAnI AkarSaka tathA manorama banAtI hai tathA svayaM jIvana meM bhI AsthA kA prabala saMcAra karatI hai| munijI kA prayAsa sArthaka, stutya tathA aNuvrata ke prasAra-pracAra meM sahI patha para bar3hA huA kadama hai| isa pustaka meM katipaya paThanIya aNuvrata ke udAharaNa nimnAnusAra haiM (1) bhaMte! aisA upAya batAyeM jisase mere duSkarma naSTa hoN| (pR0 114)

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sAhitya-satkAra : 181 AcArya- tuma jJAnI puruSoM kI sevA karo aura jJAna prApti meM upayogI vastuoM kA sahayoga kro| (2) kaisI krUratA, pApa kA phala manuSya ko nizcita hI bhoganA par3atA hai pApa kisI ko nahIM chodd'taa| (pRSTha 65) manuSya pApa karane meM svatantra hotA hai; kintu phala bhogane meM nhiiN| (pR0 68) isa prakAra pUre kahAnI saMgraha meM aise zubha aNu bikhare par3e haiM jo mAnava jIvana ko sadmArga para le jAne meM sakSama haiN| pustaka rocaka to hai hI sAtha hI sabake par3hane va manana karane yogya hai| - rAdhavendra pratApa siMha jIvana aura dharma : lekhaka- zrI kevalacanda jaina, prakAzaka- saMghavI lAlacanda jIvarAja eNDa kampanI, baiMgalora, AkAra- DimAI, pRSTha 114; mUlya- sdupyog| zrI kevalacanda jaina kI prastuta kRti gadya evaM padya donoM meM hone ke kAraNa prathama dRSTyA AkarSita karane meM sakSama hai| pustaka kA kucha aMza aMgrejI bhASA meM likhA gayA hai, jisase yaha aMgrejI bhASA ke pAThakoM ke lie bhI upayogI bana par3I hai| isa pustaka meM dharma ke vyavahAra pakSa para vizeSa jora dete hue kSamA, dayA, sammAna, satkAra, jagat kI anityatA, mokSa kI mahattA evaM karma (sadkarma) kI pradhAnatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai jo Adhunika jIvanazailI vyatIta karane vAle ko sadmArga para lAne ke lie Avazyaka hai| lekhaka sAdhAraNa dharAtala se bahuta Upara uThakara 'parasya aduHkha karaNam' ke mUla sUtra meM jana-jana ko bA~dhane kA saphala prayAsa karatA huA hara pRSTha para dikhAyI par3atA hai| pustaka sabhI ke liye paThanIya aura mananIya hai| pustaka kA sAja-sajjA AkarSaka tathA mudraNa suspaSTa hai| rAghavendra pratApa siMha

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Statement About the Ownership & Other Particulars of the Journal SRAMANA 1. Place of Publication 2. Periodicity of Publication 3. Printer's Name, Nationality and Address 4. Publisher's Name Nationality and Address : Paravanatha Vidyapitha I.T.I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi-5 Quarterly. : Vardhaman Mudranalaya Bhelupur, Varanasi-10. Indian. : Parsvanatha Vidyapitha I.T.I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi-5 : Dr. Sagarmal jain Dr. Shivprasad As above. : Parsvanatha Vidyapitha Guru Bazar, Amritsar. (Registered under Act XXI as 1860) 5. Editor's Name, Nationality and Address 6. Name and Address of Individuals who won the Journal and Partners or share-holders holding more than one percent of the total capital. I, Dr. Sagarmal jain hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my Knowledge and belief. Dated: 1.4.2002 Signature of the Publishers /d Dr. Sagarmal Jain .30,39,33

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