Jagatna Vidyaman Dharmo

Author(s): Jayendrakumar Anandji Yagnik
Publisher: University Granthnirman Board
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032771/1

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ITItanA vidyaHIT um . jyendrakumAra ANaMdajI yAjJika borDa-gu TI graMthani. 12.12 yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-6.

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jagatanA vidhamAna dharmo (1382 ) : lekhaka : DaoN. jayendraprasAda ANaMdajI yAjJika ema.e., pIeca.DI. gayA, maNa bA, yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda

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Living Religions of the World by Dr. J. A. Yagnik prakAzaka : zrImatI jayaMtI raviAS upAdhyakSaH yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-380 006. website : www.granthnirman.com email : contact@granthnirman.com (c) yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya prathama AvRtti (punamudrita) : 1984 dvitIya AvRtti (punamudrita) : 1993 tRtIya AvRtti (punamudrita) : 2011 nakala : 1100 kiMmata : rUA.75/ "Published by the University Book Production Board, Gujarat State; under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Production of Books and Literature in Regional Languages at the University level, of the Government of India in the Ministry of Education and Social Welfare (Department of Culture), New Delhi. mudraka : rAja grAphiksa ema-604, sarjana TAvara, memanagara, amadAvAda mo. : 98790 27600

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prakAzana parve cAreka dAyakA pahelAM prAdezika bhASAne protsAhana ApavAnI ane yunivarsiTI kakSAe zikSaNa parIkSaNanA mAdhyama tarIke prAdezika bhASA prasthApita karavAnI rASTravyApI yojanA amalamAM mukAI. A yojanA anvaye kendra sarakAre rAjyadITha graMthanimaNa borDa sthApavAno nirNaya karyo ane ema 1970mAM ApaNA gujarAtanuM yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa astitvamAM AvyuM. pustaka prakAzana mATe to kendra sarakAre anudAna ApavAnuM svIkArI ja lIdheluM, 1976 thI ApaNI gujarAta sarakAre borDanA saghaLA vahIvaTI kharcanuM uttaradAyitva paNa svIkArI lIdhuM. Ama babbe sarakAro dvArA poSAtA A boDe, satata badalAtAM paNa nIvaDelAM keLavaNIkAronA netRtva heThaLa vizuddha vidyAsaMsthA tarIke gajabanuM kAThuM kADhyuM che, eTaluM ja nahIM vidyAvyAsaMgIonA saMsargamAM rahIne te sarasvatI upAsanAnuM tIrtha banI rahyuM che. yunivarsiTI kakSAe cAlatA vividha vidyAzAkhAnA vividha viSayanA abhyAsakramone anurupa saMdarbhagraMtho taiyAra karAvavAnuM mahattvanuM kAma borDa kare che. A mATe vidvAno ane tajajJone graMthalekhana mATe sanmAnapUrvaka Ijana pAThavavAmAM Ave che, sAthe sAthe vidvAno taraphathI AvatA upayogI prakAzanonA prastAvo upara paNa gaMbhIratAthI vicAra karavAmAM Ave che. e bhAgye ja kahevAnuM hoya ke borDanAM pustako mATe guNavattA (quality)ane pramANabhUtatA (authenticity)nuM pUrepUruM dhyAna rAkhavAmAM Ave che. vaLI vidyArthIo mATe ja A pustako lakhAtAM hoI enI kiMmata paNa vidyArthInA khissAne paravaDe evI rAkhavAmAM Ave che. graMthaprakAzananI A yojanAnA anusaraNamAM vinayana vidyAzAkhAnA tattvajJAna viSayanA adhyayana-adhyApanamAM upayogI pramANabhUta saMdarbhagraMtho prApya banI rahe e hetuthI DaoN. jayendrakumAra yAjJika dvArA taiyAra thayela saMdarbhagraMtha jagatanA vidyamAna dharmonI prathama AvRtti 1984mAM prasiddha karavAmAM AvelI. abhyAsakrama uparAMta spardhAtmaka parIkSAo mATe paNa upayogI A saMdarbhagraMthanI prathama bAda 1993mAM enI dvitIya AvRtti pragaTa karavAmAM AvI. e AvRttinI badhI ja nakalo

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aprApya banatAM ane enI satata mAgane jotAM borDa enI trIjI punarmudrita AvRtti pragaTa karI rahyuM che teno gauravasaha AnaMda che. agAunI AvRttionI jema saMdarbhagraMthanA A trIjA saMskaraNane paNa vidyArthIo, adhyApako uparAMta A viSayamAM abhiruci dharAvatAM sarva jijJAsuono AvakAra ane Adara sAMpaDI raheze evI zraddhA che. A saMdarbhagraMtha sulabha banAvavAmAM lekhaka uparAMta presa, prUpharIDara ane borDanAM karmacArIoe dAkhavelI tatparatA badala teono paNa AbhAra mAnuM chuM. yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-6. sapTembara-2011 zrImatI jayaMti ravi upAdhyakSa

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saMpAdakano paricaya Do. jayendrakumAra ANaMdajI yAjJika zaikSaNika kArakirdI: 1954mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInI InTara ArTsanI parIkSAmAM tarkazAstramAM sauthI vadhAre guNa meLavavA badala selbI skolara-elphinsTana kaoNlejamAM DaoN. je.ena.cabanA hAtha nIce tattvajJAnano abhyAsa karI 1956mAM muMbaI yunivarsiTInA bI.e.(onarsa)tattvajJAna viSaya sAthe prathama vargamAM prathama naMbare AvI 1958mAM vaDodarAnI mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInA ema.e.-1967mAM e ja yunivarsiTImAM DaoN. e. jI. jAvaDekaranA mArgadarzana heThaLa zrI svAminArAyaNanA tattvajJAna para maulika saMzodhana badala pIeca.DI. zaikSaNika anubhava 1958-59mAM jAmanagaranI sarakArI kaoNlejamAM tattvajJAnanA vyAkhyAtA - 1959 thI 1971 sudhI zrI eca.ke. ArTsa kaoNleja, amadAvAdamAM tattvajJAnanA prAdhyApaka ane vibhAgIya adhyakSa - 1971 thI 1993 sudhI gujarAta yunivarsiTImAM tattvajJAnanA prophesara ane vibhAgIya vaDA - 1983 thI 1993 sudhI gujarAta yunivarsiTInA manovijJAna, zikSaNazAstra ane tattvajJAna bhavananA adhyakSa - 1968 thI pIeca.DI. mATenA mAnya mArgadarzaka adhyApaka-ghaNA vidyArthIone saMzodhanamArgadarzana dvArA pIeca.DI. padavInI prApti, jemAMnA keTalAka prakAzita pIeca.DI. nibaMdhonI dharma-tattvajJAna viSayanA uttama pustaka tarIke nAmanA. prakAzano ane pravRttioH prAraMbhika tarkazAstra, arvAcIna tarkazAstra praveza, nItizAstra praveza, prAraMbhika tattvaciMtana vagere pAThyapustako-pAzcAtya tattvajJAnano saraLa itihAsa (e.ke. rojarsanA aMgrejI pustakano anuvAda) - praziSTa sAmayiko, jJAnakoSo ane rASTrIya tema ja AMtararASTrIya kakSAnAM adhivezanonA ahevAlomAM prakAzita thayelA aneka saMzodhana lekho-maulika saMzodhana graMtha: The Philosophy of Sri Swaminarayana (Published by L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad) - oprid 2194 PLUUL pAThyapustaka maMDaLanAM keTalAMka pustakomAM mukhya sahAyaka - yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa,

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gujarAta rAjyanAM pustakonA parAmarzaka - InDiyana philosophikala kaoNgresanI pravRttione vizeSa phaLadAyI banAvavA mATe niyukta thayelI khAsa samitinA kanvInara - inDiyana philosophikala koMgresa ane keTalIka pratiSThita yunivarsiTIonI vyAkhyAna zreNIomAM nimaMtrita vyAkhyAtA - yu.jI.sI. ane bhAratanI vividha yunivarsiTIonI temaja bhArata sarakAranI tattvajJAna viSayane lagatI keTalIka samitionA sakriya sabhya. - Disembara 1991mAM gujarAta yunivarsiTI ane zrI svAminArAyaNa maMdira, kALupuranI nizrAmAM sAmAjika tattvajJAna aMgenI AMtararASTriya pariSada bolAvIne vizvabharanA vividha dezomAMthI padhArelA saMkhyAbaMdha nAmAMkita vidvAno samakSa "mAnava adhikAro ane svAtaMtryanA rakSaNa mATe "svadharma pAlananI anivAryatA" aMgenA bhAratIya daSTikoNanuM asarakAraka pratipAdana - inDiyana kAunsila oNpha philosophikala risarcanA sakriya sabhya - InTaranezanala sosAyaTI phaoNra InTarakalcarala sTeDijha enDa risarcanA mAnaTsabhya - gujarAtamAM tattvajJAna viSayanI vyApaka abhirucInA poSaNa mATe kArya karatI gujarAta tattvajJAna pariSadanA pramukha - zrI svAminArAyaNa maMdira, kALupura, amadAvAdanA sahayogathI "zrI svAminArAyaNa AMtararASTrIya mUlyazikSaNa vidyAbhavana'nA sthApaka ane adhyakSa.

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saMpAdakIya prastAvanA jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo para ghaNI bhASAomAM ghaNAM pustako sulabha che. paNa sarvadharmasamabhAvananI daSTie vicArIne "aneka dharmomAM rahelI eka dhArmikatAne pragaTa karavAno prayatna karatuM A pustaka mArI jANakArI mujaba e viSaya paranuM prathama pustaka che, jJAna, nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya e uttamottama dhArmika jIvananAM cAra pAsAMo che. dhArmika jIvana ke dhArmiktAnA A Adarzane anulakSIne jagatanA pratyeka vidyamAna dharmano paricaya ApavAno A pustakamAM prayatna karavAmAM Avyo che ane e rIte temAM vividha dharmomAM rahelI mULabhUta ekatAnuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. ApaNe lokazAhI ane binasAMpradAyika rAjyavyavasthA svIkArI che. enA anusaMdhAnamAM DaoN. rAdhAkRSNane yunivarsiTI ejyukezana kamizananA riporTamAM yathArtha kahyuM che ke "binasAMpradAyika hovuM eTale dhArmika dRSTie nirakSara rahevuM evo artha thaI zake ja nahi. sAMpradAyika saMkucitatA choDIne UMDI AdhyAtmikatA keLavavI eja binasAMpradAyika hovAno kharo artha che." UMDI AdhyAtmikatAnI ane dhArmika sahiSNutAnI keLavaNImAM upakAraka thavAnI A pustakamAM kSamatA che ane tethI A pustaka A viSaya bhaNatA vidyArthIo uparAMta vyApaka janasamudAyane mATe paNa upayogI che. A pustakane gujarAtI vAcako taraphathI khUba AvakAra maLaze eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu anya koI bhASAmAM A pustakano anuvAda thaze to tene paNa vyApaka AvakAra maLI raheze evI zraddhA asthAne nathI. pravartamAna bhAratIya saMyogamAM A prakAranAM pustakonI je prastutA che te jotAM gujarAta yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa A pustakanA prakAzanamAM lIdhelo vizeSa rasa prazaMsA ane abhinaMdana pAtra Thare che. A pustakanA saMpAdananuM kArya karavAnI mane taka ApavA badala huM yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDano AbhArI chuM. saMpAdakIya yojanA mujaba lekhanakAryamAM sahabhAgI thanAra tamAma lekhako pratye RNabhAva pragaTa karatAM AnaMda thAya che. A pustakanA prakAzanakArya daramiyAna prinTavela presavALA zrI navanItabhAI zeThe je dhIraja, khaMta ane cIvaTa dAkhavelAM che te badala huM temano paNa AbhArI chuM. jayendrakumAra A. yAjJika amadAvAda rAmanavamI

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bIjI AvRttinI prastAvanA gujarAta rAjya zALA pAThyapustaka maMDaLa pAsethI A pustakanA kaoNpIrAITa rUA.1/-nA pratIka puraskArathI meLavIne yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa A pustakanuM prakAzana karavuM joIe evA amArA prastAvano harSabhera svIkAra karIne svargastha zrI je.bI.seMDila sAhebe kRti-utsAhabharyo purUSArtha karIne A pustakanuM prakAzana karAvyuM te keTaluM samAjopayogI hatuM te A pustakanI bIjI AvRttinI mAMga thaI te hakIkata parathI spaSTa thAya che. AthI A prasaMge seMDila sAhebane zraddhAMjali arpatA huM dhanyatAnI lAgaNI anubhavuM chuM. jagatanA vidyamAna dharmonI bIjI AvRtti karavAno A zubha saMkalpa karavA badala borDanA mAjI adhyakSa ane saurASTrayunivarsiTInA vartamAna kulapatizrI jayezabhAI desAI temaja borDanA vartamAna adhyakSazrI prophesara bAlubhAI paTela pratye RNabhAva pragaTa karatAM AnaMda thAya che. A bIjI AvRttinA prakAzanakAryane "dharmanA kAmamAM DhIla nahIMnA nyAye pUrI niSThApUrvaka hAtha dharavA badala borDanA prakAzana adhikArIzrI vi.na. cokasIno huM khUba khUba AbhArI chuM. mudrArAkSasanI karaDI najarathI vaMcita rahe te rIte A pustakanI chapAI karavAmAM khaMtapUrvaka sahabhAgI thavA badala zrI rAma prinTiMga presavALA zrI gopAlabhAIno paNa huM AbhArI chuM. dharmanuM tattva samajavAnA AzayathI A pustakanuM vAcana manana karanArA tamAma vAcako pratye AdarabhAva pragaTa karI A prastAvanA pUrI karuM chuM. ja. A. yAjJika AnaMda' 6-bI, hAIlenDa pArka, gulabAI TekarA, amadAvAda-15 vijayAdazamI, saM. 2049 tA. 24-10-1993

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trIjI AvRtti veLAe samagra vizvamAM koI paNa sabhyatA ke saMskRtimAM tenA AdhArarUpe eka yA bIjA prakAre dharma athavA eka prakAranI zraddhAno svIkAra thayelo che. Ama, eka tarapha dharma e saMskRtinuM hArda che, jyAre bIjI tarapha ghaNAMbadhAM yuddho ane takarAro dharmanA nAme ja thayelAM che. AMtakavAdano vaizvika muddo paNa sAcA dharmanA khoTA arthaghaTananuM ja pariNAma che. AnA parathI e spaSTa thAya che ke vartamAna kALe mAnavajAtane sAcA dharmanI samaja hovI atyaMta jarUrI che, jene kAraNe mANasa potAno dharma niSThApUrvaka pALI zake ane sAthe sAthe anya dharmo pratye sAco abhigama keLavI zake. A uparAMta, vartamAna kALe mAnavI ke je ciMtA, hatAzA ane hariphAI vacce jIve che, tene binasAMpradAyikatAnA nAme nAstika banavuM paravaDe tema nathI ane dharma pAse A badhI samasyAomAMthI ugAravAnI zakti che. sAthe sAthe, 21mI sadInA vaijJAnika yugamAM mANasane mATe dhamadhatA ke matAgraha rAkhavA paNa yogya nathI. tethI, zAMtipUrNa sahaastitva mATe mANasa pAse anya dharmonuM jJAna ane Adara tathA potAnA dharmanA mULabhUta siddhAMto pratye niSThA hovI atyaMta Avazyaka che. A pustaka jagatanA mukhya dharmonA tAttvika siddhAMtonI samaja Ape che, sAthe sAthe naitika siddhAMto tathA bhaktibhAvanA ane vairAgyabhAvanA aMge paNa samaja Ape che, je zAMtipUrNa sahaastitva mATe atyaMta Avazyaka che. A ja hetune anulakSIne gujarAta yunivarsiTIe semisTara paddhatimAM paNa jagatanA dharmonA jJAnane Avazyaka gaNI, phAunDezana korsa tarIke eka semisTaramAM dAkhala karela che. tethI, A viSaya rAkhanArA vidyArthIone paNa A pustaka madadarUpa thaze tema ja prathama AvRtti vakhate spaSTa karyA mujaba A pustaka anya vAcako mATe lAbhadAyI nIvaDaze tevI zraddhA che. badala uccazikSaNa kamiznara ane borDanA upAdhyakSa zrImatI jayaMtI ravi IASno hRdayapUrvaka AbhArI chuM. tA. 27-7-11 ja A yAjJika

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anukramaNikA krama vigata. pRSTha 16 . 32 48 66 85 102 1 25 1 dharmatattvavicAra - jayendrakumAra yAjJika 2 dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno abhigama - jayendrakumAra yAjJika 3 hindu dharma ane tenAM zAstro - jayendrakumAra yAjJika 4 hindu dharmanA tAtvika siddhAMto - jayendrakumAra yAjJika 5 hindu dharmamAM nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya- jayendrakumAra yAjJika 6 jaina dharma - dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA 7 bauddha dharma - nagInabhAI zAha 8 zIkha dharma - upendrarAya sAMDesarA 9 jarathostI dharma - nIlA ja. joSI 10 cahUdI dharma - umezakumAra yAjJika 11 khristI dharma - umezakumAra yAjJika 12 IslAma dharma - umezakumAra yAjJika 13 kanphayuziyasa dharma - kailAsabahena paTela 14 tAo dharma - mukunda koTecA 15 zino dharma - hariprasAda pAThaka 16 dhamonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana - jayendrakumAra yAjJika saMdarbhasUci 146 157 1 71 188 205 2 22. 232 243 257

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prakaraNa-1 dharmatattvavicAra - jayendrakumAra yAjJika 1. dharma ane mAnavajAtiH gAya, bheMsa, hAthI, ghoDA vagere prANIonI jema mANasa paNa eka jAtanuM prANI che ane bIjAM prANIonI peThe tene paNa zarIra che. je koI zarIradhArI hoya tene khorAka, UMgha vagerenI jarUriyAta hoya che. A rIte mANasane paNa bIjAM prANIonI jema khorAka, UMgha vagerenI jarUriyAto hoya che. bIjAM prANIonI jIvanarIti jotAM e spaSTa thaze ke nirbaLa prANIone sabaLa prANIono bhaya hoya che ane sabaLa prANIo nirbaLa prANIo para AkramaNa karatAM hoya che. Ane pariNAme, mANasanA karatAM nIcI koTionAM prANIomAM "baLiyAnA be bhAgano nyAya pravartato hoya che. keTalIkavAra mAnavajAtimAM paNa "baLiyAnA be bhAgavALo nyAya pravartato hoya che. ane tenuM kAraNa e ja che ke mAnavajAtimAM paNa bIjAM prANIomAM jovA maLatI bhaya ane AkramakatAnI vRttio rahelI che. Ama 1. khorAka, UMgha vagerenI jarUriyAta hovI, ane 2. bhaya ane AkramaktAnI vRtti sevavI - e be bAbatomAM mANasa ane bIjAM prANIo vacce koI taphAvata nathI. A bAbatomAM mANasa bIjAM prANIo jevo ja che. mAnavajAtine prANIonI bIjI jAtiothI judI pADanArI koI vastu hoya to te dharma che. AthI ja eka saMskRta zlokamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke "AhAra, nidrA, bhaya ane maithuna e cAra vastuo pazuo ane mANasomAM samAna che. dharma ja mANasanI vizeSatA che. dharmahIna mANaso to pazu jevA ja che." dhArmika jIvana jIvavAnuM bIjAM prANIo mATe zakya ja nathI. mAnavajAti mATe ja e zakya che. je mANasa mAnavajAtinI A vizeSatAne dhyAnamAM laIne dhArmika jIvana gALe che te zarIradhArI maTI jato nathI ane tethI khorAka, UMgha vagerenI jarUriyAtomAMthI te mukta thaI zakato nathI, paNa te bhaya ane AkramakatAnI vRttimAMthI mukta thaI zake che ane tene pariNAme prANIonA jIvana karatAM kyAMye caDiyAtuM evuM jIvana jIvI zake che. Ama, mANasa sivAyanAM bIjAM prANIo pAse bhaya ane

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo AkramakatAmAMthI mukta thavAnI koI sagavaDa ja nathI. manuSyajanma eTalA mATe durlabha gaNAya che ke jo mANasa dhAre to dhArmika jIvana jIvIne bhaya ane AkramakatAnI vRttithI saMpUrNa chuTakAro meLavI zake che. dharma mANasane nirbhaya banAve che. je nirbhaya hoya tene koIno bhaya to hoto ja nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa gAMdhIjI kahe che tema te ahiMsaka paNa hoya che. arthAt tenA taraphathI saune abhayavacana hoya che. te kyAreya paNa koInA para koI paNa jAtanuM AkramaNa karato nathI. hiMsA ane AkramaNanuM mULa bhayamAM ja che. dhArmika jIvana vaDe jo mANasa nirbhayatAne pAme to tenA jIvanamAM ahiMsA, satya, prema, zAMti vagere guNo prakaTa thAya ja che. Ama, ApaNe joyuM ke huM mAnavI mAnava thAuM to ghaNuM" e kAvyapaMktimAM mANasa pAsethI bIjAM prANIo karatAM caDiyAtA jIvananI je AzA rAkhavAmAM AvI che te AzA pUrI karavAno prayatna dharmamAM karavAmAM Ave che. ane Ane kAraNe ja mAnavasaMskRtimAM dharmanuM sthAna ghaNuM ja mahattvanuM banI rahe che. Adi mAnavamAM ke game tevI pachAta jAtimAM jema dharmabhAvanA jovA maLe che tema sAMskRtika dRSTie khUba ja AgaLa vadhelA mANasa ke rASTramAM paNa dharmabhAvanAnI hAjarI hoya che. dharmanI A sarvavyApakatAnI samajUtI meLavavAmAM DI. ema. eDavarDjhanA nIcenA zabdo upayogI thaze : "mANasa e mANasajAtanA abhyAsano suyogya viSaya che' ema ghaNA jUnA vakhatathI kahevAyuM che ane tenuM vAraMvAra punaruccAraNa thatuM rahyuM che. A saMdarbhamAM e spaSTa karavuM jarUrI che ke dharmanA abhyAsanA abhAvamAM mANasano abhyAsa kyAreya pUro thato nathI. AnuM kAraNa e che ke mANasanA itihAsamAM dharmanA karatAM vadhAre vyApaka, prabhAvaka ane mahattvapUrNa evI bIjI koI vastu nathI. dharma aMge mANasano aMgata abhiprAya ke tenuM aMgata valaNa game te hoya, paraMtu dharma e mAnavajIvananuM sauthI vadhAre agatyanuM ane prabhAvazALI pAse che e vAtano koI paNa mANase svIkAra karavo ja paDe tema che. dharma e kharekhara ghaNI daSTie jagatamAM sauthI moTI vastu che. mAnavaanubhavanuM sarvagrAhI avalokana karanAra koI paNa mANasane tarata ja e vAta jaNAI Ave che ke atizaya prAcIna kALathI zarU karIne ane badhA yugo daramiyAna dharma mAnavajIvana ane itihAsamAM kendrasthAne rahelo che. ubhavakALe dharmanuM svarUpa game teTaluM aziSTa jaNAtuM hoya ke game te prakAranA sthULa vahemo sAthe tene joDI devAmAM Avyo hoya topaNa mAnavajAtionA itihAsamAM dharmanI sarvavyApakatA ane kendrIyatAno to nakkara hakIkatarUpe svIkAra karavo ja paDe tema che. korTe e vAta mAnya rAkhe che ke eka arthamAM dharma samagra astitvane AvarI le che ane tethI dharmanA itihAsamAM mAnavavikAsanA samagra itihAsanuM pratibiMba paDe che. maeNksa cUlarane anusarIne jo ApaNe ema kahIe ke dharmano itihAsa ja mANasajAtano sAco itihAsa che to emAM ApaNe koI atizayokti karatA nathI."3

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dharmatattvavicAra dharma mAnavajAtano sadAno sAthI che e hakIkatanA saMdarbhamAM e kahevAnI bhAgye ja jarUra rahe che ke mANasano AdhyAtmika vikAsa jeTalo vadhAre teTalI tenI dhArmika bhAvanA vadhAre udAtta hoya che. koI paNa mANasa ke mAnavasamAja saMpUrNa dharmavihoNo hoya ema kyAreya banatuM ja nathI tenuM kAraNa e ja che ke mANasane mANasa banAvanAruM tattva dharma ja che. arthAt mANasane mANasa tarIke jIvavuM hoya to dharma tene mATe anivArya thaI paDe che. mANasanA mANasapaNAnuM rakSaNa dharmane lIdhe ja thatuM hovAthI manusmRti kahe che ke "je mANasa dharmanuM rakSaNa kare che te mANasanuM rakSaNa dharma kare che." jevI rIte mANasanA vyaktigata jIvanamAM dharmanuM mahattva che tevI ja rIte sAmAjika jIvanamAM paNa dharmano phALo ajoDa che. samAjanI ektA ane sthiratA TakAvI rAkhavAmAM dharmano je phALo che tene dhyAnamAM rAkhIne mahAbhAratakAre dharmane prajAjIvanano AdhArastaMbha gaNAvyo che.' 2. dhArmika jIvananuM vizleSaNa : ApaNe joyuM ke dhArmika jIvana dvArA mANasamAM ahiMsA, satya, prema, zAMti vagere guNo pragaTe che ane e rIte te bhaya ane AkramaktAnI vRttimAMthI chUTe che. dhArmika jIvananuM A dhyeya jyAre pUrepUruM pAra paDe tyAre ema kahI zakAya ke mANasa mANasa maTIne deva ke Izvara koTie pahoMcI zakyo che. A dRSTie ema kahI zakAya ke "daivI tattva', "Izvara" ke "paramAtmA'nI ArAdhanA karavI e dhArmika jIvananuM hArda che. jo dhArmika jIvana e parama daivI tattvane pAmavA mATenuM jIvana hoya to te maMdiramAM javAthI zarU thAya ane maMdiranI bahAra nIkaLavAthI pUruM thAya evuM hoI zake nahi. maMdiro to dhArmika jIvana jIvavAnI cAvI batAvanArI saMsthAo che. dhArmika jIvana to maMdiranI aMdara temaja bahAra sarvatra ane jIvananI pratyeka kSaNe jIvavAnuM hoya che. Ama, dhArmika jIvana e mANasanA samagra vyaktitva ane vyavahArane AvarI letI vastu che. mANasanA samagra vyaktitvane samajavA mATe tenA 1. vicAro, 2. lAgaNIo ane 3. karmo e traNa bAbato jANavI jarUrI hoya che. Ano artha e ke jo dharma mANasanA samagra vyaktitvane AvarI leto hoya to tene mANasanA vicAro, lAgaNIo ane karmo e traNe sAthe saMbaMdha hovo joIe. Ano artha e ke saMpUrNapaNe vikasita evA dhArmika jIvananuM vizleSaNa karavAmAM Ave to temAM mANasanA 1. vicAro ke buddhi sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhanAruM jJAnAtmaka pAsuM, 2. lAgaNIo ke bhAvanAo sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhanAruM saMvedanAtmaka pAsuM ane 3. karma ke vartaNUka sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhanAruM naitika pAsuM e traNa pAsAM jovA maLe che. bIjI rIte kahIe to paripUrNa dhArmika jIvanamAM 1. jJAna, 2, bhakti ane 3. nItinuM anivArya sthAna hoya che. jJAna, bhakti ane nIti vairAgya vagara siddha thatAM nathI. Ama, vairAgya paNa dhArmika jIvananuM eka Avazyaka aMga banI jAya che. dhArmika jIvanamAM jJAna, bhakti, nIti ane

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo vairAgyanuM je sthAna che tenI spaSTa samajUtI mATe vizeSa vistArathI vicAra karavAnI AvazyakatA che. dhArmika jIvanamAM jJAnanuM sthAna : ApaNe joyuM ke potAnA karatAM caDiyAtA evA koI daivI tattvanI ArAdhanA karavI e dhArmika jIvananuM hArda che. mANasa je tattvane dharma dvArA pAmavA mathe che te tattvanuM svarUpa kevuM che ane A jagatanA padArtho ane prANIo sAthe A tattvane zo saMbaMdha che vagere praznonA javAbamAMthI dharmano jJAnakAMDa taiyAra thAya che. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to paramAtmA, jIva ane jagata (tattvatrayI) e traNe tattvonuM svarUpa ane temanA ekabIjA sAthenA saMbaMdha aMgenI tAttvika mAnyatAo e dhArmika jIvananA pAyAmAM raheluM jJAna che. - paramatattvanuM svarUpa ane tenA jIva ane jagatanI sAthenA saMbaMdhanuM varNana veda, upaniSad, gItA, kurAna, bAIbala, graMthasAheba jevA judA judA dharmanA pavitra graMtho ke zAstromAM kareluM hoya che. badhA dharmanA anuyAyIo potapotAnA zAstragraMthomAM rajU thayelI jIva, jagata ane IzvaranA svarUpa ane saMbaMdha aMgenI mAnyatAomAM zraddhA rAkhatA hoya che. Ama e spaSTa thaze ke badhA dharmomAM ane koI paNa vyaktinA dhArmika jIvanamAM zraddhAnuM je mahattvapUrNa sthAna che te dharmanA jJAnAtmaka pAsAne AbhArI che. jIva, jagata ane devItattvanA svarUpa ane saMbaMdha aMgenI mAnyatAono dhArmika mANaso zraddhAthI svIkAra karatA hoya che e kharuM hovA chatAM mANasa buddhizIla hovAthI zraddhAthI svIkAravAmAM AvelI dhArmika mAnyatAo viSe tarka laDAvyA sivAya rahI zakato nathI. manusmRti to tyAM sudhI kahe che ke "je dharmane tarka (buddhi) vaDe samajaNamAM goThave te ja ene samaje che, bIjo nahi." kurAnamAM paNa spaSTa bhASAmAM kahevAyuM che ke, "A kurAnanA pustakane ame tArI AgaLa eTalA mATe pragaTa karyuM che ke tuM lokone ajJAnanA aMdhArAmAMthI bahAra kADhIne temane nizcita jJAnanA prakAzamAM lAvI zake." "ame loko pAse evo ja payagaMbara mokalyo che ke je lokonI buddhimAM Utare e rIte emanI potAnI bhASAmAM bodha kare."7 Ama, e spaSTa thAya che ke dhArmika zraddhAne buddhigamya banAvavAnA prayatnarUpe dhArmika jIvanamAM kathAzravaNa, saMtasamAgama, zAstrAbhyAsa, jJAnagoSThi vagere bAbatone sthAna maLe che ane e kahevAnI bhAgye ja jarUra rahe che ke A badhI bAbato dhArmika jIvananA jJAnAtmaka pAsAne lagatI che. dhArmika jIvanamAM bhaktinuM sthAna : mANasa dhArmika jIvana vaDe je daivItattvane pAmavA icche che tenA pratye tene apAra sneha hoya e jarUrI che, kAraNa ke koI paNa vastunI prApti te vastu pratyenA sAcA ane UMDA sneha vagara saMbhavatI nathI. snehanuM bIjuM nAma bhakti che. Ama, daivI tattva ke ArAdhyadevanI bhaktinuM dhArmika jIvanamAM viziSTa sthAna che ane tethI zaraNAgatinI bhAvanA, pUjA, prArthanA, bhajanabhakti vagere

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dharmatattvavicAra pravRttio dhArmika jIvananuM anivArya aMga banI rahe che. AthI ja kurAna AjJA Ape che ke "potAnA pAlanakartA allAhanuM nAmasmaraNa karo ane anya sarva vastuono moha choDI enAmAM ja citta coMTADo." bAIbalamAM paNa AjJA karavAmAM AvI che ke "niraMtara prArthanA karato rahe."9 gAMdhIjIe paNa lakhyuM che ke "prArthanA e dareka dharmanuM avibhAjya aMga che, ane tethI e dareka manuSyanA ane samAjanA jIvananuM paNa avibhAjya aMga che, hovuM joIe."10 Ano artha e ke sAcA dhArmika mANasanuM jIvana prArthanAmaya ke Izvaramaya ja hoya che. dhArmika jIvanamAM bhaktinuM eTaluM badhuM mahattva che ke ema kahI zakAya ke jyAM bhakti nathI tyAM dharma hoto ja nathI. dhArmika jIvanamAM bhaktinA sthAna aMge e muddo khAsa noMdhapAtra che ke dharmamAM bhaktinI anivAryatA che, eTaluM ja nahi bhakti e dharmanI AgavI vizeSatA paNa che. amuka mANasa dhArmika na hoya chatAM te jJAnI, nItimAna ke vairAgyazIla hoI zake che, paNa bhakta hoI zakato nathI. bIjA zabdomAM paNa saMbhavI zake che, paNa bhakti to haMmezAM dharmanI sAthe joDAyelI ja rahe che. je mANasa bhakta hoya te dhArmika hoya ja che ema kahevAno artha e che ke sAcI bhakti kyAreya dharmanAM bIjAM traNa aMga vagaranI hotI ja nathI. je mANasa potAne bhakta kahevaDAvato hoya ane chatAM jo tenAmAM jJAnInAM lakSaNo na hoya, sadAcAra mATeno Agraha na hoya, ane jagatanA viSayabhoga pratye vairAgya na hoya to tenA parathI ema kahI zakAya ke e mANasa bhaktino marma pAmyo nathI. arthAta e sAco bhakta nathI, kAraNa ke sAcI bhakti e dhArmika jIvananuM eka evuM aMga che ke jenI hAjarI mAtrathI ja dhArmika jIvananAM bIjAM aMgo ApoApa hAjara thaI jAya che. akhAjInI nIcenI sAkhIomAM bhaktinA A mahimAnI jhAMkhI thAya che : kaba chu prahalAda piMgaLa paDhe ? ! kaba vyAkaraNanAmA kabIra? ! bhakti khaMbha bhaye akhA ! saba sAdhu ke pIra. !11 dhArmika jIvanamAM nIti (svadharmanuM sthAna : dhArmika mANasa ekalo jJAnI ke bhakta hoya e pUratuM nathI. te paropakArI ane sadAcArI paNa hovo joIe. "mukhameM rAma aura bagalameM chUrInA sUtrane anusaranAro mANasa dhArmika jIvana jIvato nathI paNa "dharmane nAme dhatiMga' calAve che. ethI ja kurAnamAM kahyuM che ke "zuM tamane khabara che ke dharmane khoTo banAvanAra koNa che? evA mANaso to teo che ke jeo anAthone satAve che ane jeo garIbone satAve che ane jeo garIbone annadAna devA upara bhAra nathI mUktA. AvA loko jyAre namAja paDhe che tyAre temanA upara dayA chUTe che, kAraNa ke teo namAjano dharma samajatA nathI; teo mAtra bAhya dekhAva kare che ne dAnapuNyamAM pAchA paDe che."12 bhAgavatamAM paNa zrIkRSNa kahe che ke, "sarva prANImAM

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo aMtaryAmIrUpe vAsa karI rahelo je huM tenuM mANase dAna, mAna, maitrI ane bhedabhAvarahitatAnI dRSTithI pUjana karavuM ghaTe che."13 dhArmika jIvanano AraMbha nItimattAthI ja thavo ghaTe (mAvata: prathama dhaH: I) evo mata rajU karatAM bAibala paNa jaNAve che ke "je mANasa potAnI najara samakSa dekhAtA bAMdhavo pratye prema nathI rAkhI zakto te apratyakSa Izvara pratye kevI rIte prema rAkhI zakaze?"14 Ama, sAcI dhArmikatA nItimattAthI aLagI hotI ja nathI. - sAmAjika dRSTie jotAM nIti ke sadAcAra e dharmanuM sauthI vadhAre mahattvapUrNa aMga che. dhArmika mANasa Izvara, jagata ane jIva saMbaMdhI kaI mAnyatAo (jJAna) dharAve che ane te IzvaranI kaI rIte upAsanA (bhakti) kare che te prazna dhArmika mANasanA vyaktigata jIvana sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che, jyAre te sadAcArI che ke nahi e praznanuM sAmAjika daSTie ghaNuM mahattva che. dhArmika jIvanamAM sadAcAranA A mahattvane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne ja bhAratanI dharmaparaMparAmAM nItiniyamonuM varNana karanArAM zAstrone "dharmazAstro' kahevAmAM Ave che. A rIte jaina, bauddha ke hindu dharmamAM jayAre gRhastha ke sAdhue pALavAnA nItiniyamonI vAta karavAmAM Ave che tyAre e nItiniyamone gRhasthanA ke sAdhunA dharmo tarIke ja oLakhavAmAM Ave che. sadAcAra ke nIti e samagra dhArmika jIvana nathI paNa dhArmika jIvananuM kevaLa eka aMga ja che. paNa A aMge sAmAjika dRSTie eTaluM badhuM mahattvanuM che ke dharma eTale sadAcAra ane sadAcAra eTale dharma evuM samIkaraNa ApIne bhAratIya dharmamImAMsakoe koI paNa mANasa dhArmika che ke nahi teno nirNaya karavA mATenI eka jAhera ke sAmAjika kasoTI rajU karelI che. gAMdhIjIe paNa AvI ja vAta karI che : "mArA prayogomAM to AdhyAtmika eTale naitika, dharma eTale nIti, AtmAnI dRSTie pALelI nIti te dharma. 15 Adhunika bhAratanA jagavikhyAta tattvaciMtaka DaoN. rAdhAkRSNane paNa sadAcAra ke nItine dhArmikatAnI kasoTI gaNAvelI che. temanA ja zabdomAM kahIe to "dharma e kevaLa amuka mAnyatA ke amuka lAgaNI ke amuka karmakAMDa nathI, paNa parivartita jIvana che. mANasanA dharmanI parIkSA tenI bauddhika mAnyatAothI nahi paNa tenA cAritryathI ane valaNathI thAya che. mANasone ApaNe temanI mAnyatAothI nahi paNa te mAnyatAonA phaLathI oLakhIe chIe." dhArmika jIvanamAM vairAgyanuM sthAnaH ApaNe joyuM ke jJAna, bhakti ane karma ke nIti e dhArmika jIvanamAM Avazyaka pAsAM che. A traNene siddha karavA mATe indriyanigraha ane manonigrahanI jarUra paDe te svAbhAvika che ane gItA kahe che tema A jAtano nigraha vairAgyathI zakya bane che. sAdhake viSayabhogano tyAga karavo paDe che ane niSkuLAnaMda svAmI kahe che tema "tyAga na Take re vairAgya vinA." AthI vairAgya paNa dhArmika jIvananI jarUriyAta banI jAya che.

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dharmatattvavicAra ahIM vairAgyano artha spaSTa karavo jarUrI che, kAraNa ke kizoralAla mazarUvALA kahe che tema "vairAgyanA arthanI bAbatamAM keTalIka gerasamaja UbhI thayelI che. ghaNA sAdhuo ane bhakto vairAgyano artha vyavahAra pratye bedarakArI evo kare che; paraMtu binajavAbadArI e vairAgyano paryAya nathI. vairAgyano sAco artha che indriyonA viSayarUpa vastuomAM rAga (Asakti)no abhAva. Ama, vairAgya eTale viSayabhogamAM anAsakti. kharI rIte jene daivItattvamAM prema thAya che tene jagatanA koI paNa padArthanI Asakti rahetI nathI. kavi niSkuLAnaMda svAmInA zabdomAM kahIe to "evI kaI vastu che A bhUmAM, jemAM lobhe je lobhyA prabhumAM." dhArmika jIvanamAM je vairAgyanI AvazyakatA che te vairAgya jagatanAM duHkhonA kaMTALAmAMthI janmelo nathI hoto, paNa paramAtmA ane jagatanA padArthonA svarUpanA sAcA jJAnamAMthI janmelo hoya che. yogasUtrakAre pADelA "apara' ane "para" evA vairAgyanA bheda samajAvatAM jaina vidvAna upAdhyAya yazovijayajI lakhe che ke viSayamAM rahelA doSo joIne thayelo vairAgya "apara' che, jyAre viSayasvarUpa-darzanajanya vairAgya para" vairAgya che. 17 dhArmika jIvana mATe je vairAgyanI jarUra che te "para" vairAgya che. A prakAranA vairAgyavALo mANasa vivekI ane tethI anAsakta hoya che. dunyavI sukhaduHkhanA pravAhamAM te bhAna bhUlIne ghasaDAto nathI. AthI kizoralAla mazarUvALA lakhe che ke "je vicArazIla mANasa ema jue ke ghaDapaNa, maraNa, roga, priyano viyoga ane apriyano yoga e pAMca vipattio anivArya che, kyAreya paNa e vipattiono mukAbalo karyA vinA chUTako ja nathI thato; Ama joI evI vipattio Ave tyAre potAnI dhIraja Dage nahi evI rIte je potAnA cittane dRDha karI rAkhe che, tenAmAM vairAgya che ema kahI zakAya."18 viveka uparAMta sAdAI, namratA, tapapriyatA vagere guNo paNa vairAgyanA vyApaka arthamAM samAI jAya che. A badhA guNo dhArmika jIvanamAM anivArya che ane tethI ja pratyeka dharmamAM vairAgyane poSaka evAM tapa ane saMyamapradhAna vratono mahimA svIkAravAmAM Ave che. upasaMhAra : A rIte ApaNe joIe chIe ke dhArmika jIvana gALatI koI paNa vyaktinA jIvanamAM jJAna, bhakti, sadAcAra ane vairAgya e cAra aMgo pUrNa rIte vikaselAM hovAM joIe. jagatanA mahAna dharmo ane dharmAtmAonAM jIvana tarapha dRSTipAta karatAM ApaNane A satyanI pratIti thAya che. bhakta kavi narasiMha mahetAe "vaiSNavajana'mAM gaNAvelAM vaiSNava ke bhaktanAM lakSaNomAM dharmanAM A cAreya pAsAMno ullekha thayelo che. svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA sthApaka zrI svAminArAyaNe (sahajAnaMda svAmIe). dhArmika jIvananAM A cAra aMgonuM lakSaNa ApIne temanI vaccenA saMbaMdha aMgenI je spaSTatA karelI che te ahIM khAsa noMdhapAtra che. 19

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo jJAna, bhakti, vairAgya ane nIti e cAreyano ekabIjA sAtheno saMbaMdha samajAvatAM zrI svAminArAyaNe lakhyuM che ke je dhArmika mANasa jJAnI hoya, eTale ke potAne AtmA ke brahmarUpa mAnato hoya paNa tenAmAM paramAtmA ke Izvara pratye bhaktibhAva na hoya to tene Izvara sAthenA ghaniSTha premasaMbaMdhane lagatI dhanyatAno ane tenI sAthe saMkaLAyelA parama AnaMdano anubhava thaI zakato nathI. Ama, bhakti vinAnI ekalI jJAnaniSThA kevaLa zuSka banI jAya che. jevI rIte bhaktinA abhAvamAM ekaluM jJAna dhanyatA ane parama AnaMdanI anubhUti karAvI zakatuM nathI tevI ja rIte jJAnanA abhAvamAM ekalI bhakti pUrNarUpe pragaTI zakatI nathI, kAraNa ke pote AtmA ke brahmasvarUpa che evuM pAkuM jJAna jene na hoya te bhakta game tyAre dehAbhimAnamAM phasAI jaI zake che ane "pApamULa abhimAna'nA nyAye te bhaktimArgethI calita thAya che. Ama, bhakti ane jJAna baMne ekabIjAnA pUraka che. - bhakti ane jJAna e baMneno vairAgya sAtheno saMbaMdha samajAvatAM zrI svAminArAyaNa jaNAve che ke je dhArmika mANasa jJAnI paNa hoya ane bhakta paNa hoya paraMtu jo tenAmAM jagatanA sukhopabhogamAM vairAgya ke anAsakti na hoya to te amuka saMyogomAM A sukho pratyenI AsaktimAM aMdha banI jAya ane tene pariNAme te potAnA jJAnayoga ane bhaktiyoga ubhayathI bhraSTa thAya te taddana saMbhavita che. Ama, jJAna ane bhakti e baMnene vairAgyanI apekSA che. jJAna, bhakti ane vairAgya e traNenI AvazyakatA samajAvyA bAda e traNeno nIti sAtheno saMbaMdha samajAvatAM zrI svAminArAyaNe kahyuM che ke A traNenA pAyAmAM nAti che (kAvAra: prathama varSa:). arthAta je mANasa nItimAna ke sadAcArI hoya te ja jJAnI, bhakta ke vairAgyazIla hoI zake che. Ama, nIti vagara A traNemAMthI ekeya siddha thatAM nathI, e kharuM hovA chatAM ekalI nIti paryApta nathI, kAraNa ke kevaLa sadAcAranuM pAlana karavAthI mANasa laukika ane nAzavaMta sukha tema ja zAMti meLavI zake che paNa alaukika ane zAzvata AnaMda temaja zAMtinI prApti to sadAcArane jJAna, bhakti ane vairAgya sAthe joDI pUrNa dhArmika rIte jIvavAmAM Ave to ja zakya bane che. jJAna, bhakti, vairAgya ane nItinAM svarUpa ane saMbaMdha aMgenI uparyukta samajUtI parathI spaSTa thAya che ke dhArmika jIvananAM A cAre aMgone ekabIjAnI apekSA che ane temAMnA koI eka aMganI paNa nyUnatA dhArmika jIvanane UNapavALuM ke khAmIbhareluM banAve che. 3. dharmanuM lakSaNa ApavAnA pAzcAtya tattvaciMtakoe karelA prayatnonI samIkSAH ApaNe joyuM ke dhArmika jIvana ke dharmamAM jJAna, bhakti, nIti ane vairAgya e cAreya aMganI AvazyakatA che. dharmanuM lakSaNa ApavAnA Adhunika vidvAnonA prayatnomAM A cAramAMnAM keTalAM aMgono kevI rIte nirdeza thayo che te jovAnuM rasaprada banI raheze.

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dharmatattvavicAra 3. 1. jarmanInA suvikhyAta tattvaciMtaka hegale dharmanuM lakSaNa nIce pramANe ApeluM che : "mANasanA maryAdita mana (AtmA) pAse potAnA amaryAdita mana (AtmA) tarIkenA svabhAvanuM je jJAna che te ja dharma che."20 vizvavikhyAta tattvaciMtaka Imenyuala kaeNnTe dharmanuM lakSaNa nIce pramANe ApeluM che : "badhAM kartavyono paramAtmAnI AjJAo tarIke svIkAra karavAmAM dharma rahelo che.21 maeNthya ArnolDa paNa kenTanI peThe ja naitika saMdarbhamAM dharmano vicAra karIne jaNAve che ke, "dharma eTale UrminA saMsparzavALI nItimattA.22 kliaramAkhara nAmanA mahAna dharmatattvavettA dharmanuM lakSaNa ApatAM jaNAve che ke, "Izvara pratyenI saMpUrNa zaraNAgatinI lAgaNImAM dharmanuM hArda raheluM che."23 Adhunika dharmamImAMsaka DI. ema. eDavarDjha dharmanuM svarUpa samajAvatAM lakhe che ke, "dharma e mAtra mAnyatAno viSaya nathI, badhAM mUlyonA adhiSThAnarUpa eka alaukika tattva che ema mAnIne besI rahevAnuM ahIM zakya ja nathI. pUjA, prArthanA dvArA A tattvanI sAthe lAgaNIgata saMbaMdha bAMdhIne temaja sevAbhAvanAnAM karmo dvArA A tattvane prasanna karIne potAnA samagra jIvanamAM A alaukika tattva sAthenI ekatA ane saMvAditA sthApavAmAM dharmanuM hArda samAyeluM che."24 dharmanuM lakSaNa ApavAnA pazcimanA vividha tattvaciMtakoe karelA uparanA prayatnonI samIkSA karatAM e spaSTa thaze ke hegale dharmanA jJAnAtmaka pAsA para, kenTa ane maeNnyu ArnolDa dharmanA naitika pAsA para, kliaramAkhare dhArmika jIvananA aMgarUpa bhakti para ane DI. ema. eDavarDjha dhArmika jIvana mANasanA samagra vyaktitvane AvarI le che e hakIkata para bhAra mUkelo che. dhArmika jIvanamAM jJAna, bhakti ane nItinuM viziSTa sthAna hovAthI emAMno koI eka aMgane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne dharmanuM lakSaNa jarUra ApI zakAya che. AvAM lakSaNo dhArmika jIvananA amuka aMganuM mahattva samajAve che e emano guNa che paNa temanAthI jANye-ajANye dhArmika jIvananAM bIjAM aMgonI avagaNanA thAya che e emano moTAmAM moTo doSa che. Ama, e spaSTa thaze ke dharmanuM lakSaNa ApatI vakhate dhArmika jIvananA ekAda aMgano nahi paNa tamAma aMgono vicAra karavo e ja vadhu icchavAyogya che. e kahevAnI bhAgye ja jarUra rahe che ke uparanA badhA abhyAsIomAM kevaLa DI. ema. eDavarDjha ja dharmano sarvAgIpaNe vicAra karIne tenuM lakSaNa ApeluM che.

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10 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 4. dharma ane vijJAnano saMbaMdha ApaNe je vAtAvaraNamAM jIvIe chIe temAM aneka prakAranAM tattvo che. ApaNA vAtAvaraNamAM paDelAM A anekavidha tattvonuM jJAna meLavavAnI mANasane svAbhAvika rIte jijJAsA thAya che. kevaLa jijJAsAnA saMtoSa khAtara ja nahi, paNa upayogitAnI dRSTie paNa A badhAnuM jJAna meLavavAno mANasa prayatna kare che. Ama, jagatanA anekavidha padArthanA svarUpanA jJAnanI jijJAsA temaja upayogitAne lIdhe judAM judAM vijJAno astitvamAM Ave che. vijJAnanA svarUpa aMge nIceno muddo khAsa noMdhapAtra che. koI paNa eka vijJAna bIjA vijJAnathI abhyAsaviSayanI bAbatamAM juduM paDe che paNa badhAM vijJAno abhyAsanI paddhatinI bAbatamAM ekasarakhuM valaNa dharAve che, eTale ke badhAM vijJAnomAM jJAnanI sAmagrI ekaThI karavA mATe temaja amuka siddhAMta satya che ke asatya. e nakkI karavA mATe nirIkSaNa ane prayoganI paddhatino upayoga karavAmAM Ave che. Ama, e spaSTa thaze ke je bAbatanuM paMcajJAnendriyo dvArA nirIkSaNa thaI zake nahi teno vijJAnamAM abhyAsa thaI zake nahi. dA.ta., Izvara ke AtmAnuM vijJAna hoI zake nahi, kAraNa ke Izvara ke AtmAne indriyo vaDe joI zakAtA nathI. jenuM indriyo vaDe nirIkSaNa thaI zake teno ja abhyAsa karavo evI vijJAna mAtranI paddhatigata pratijJA che. dharma ane vijJAnanA saMbaMdha aMge eka ja vAkyamAM kahevuM hoya to ema kahI zakAya ke vijJAna ane dharma ekabIjAthI judAM jarUra che, paNa temanI vacce ekabIjAnA virodhI hovAno nahi paNa ekabIjAnA pUraka hovAno saMbaMdha che. nIcenA muddAo parathI A hakIkatanI spaSTatA thaze : 1. keTalIka vAra evo mata rajU karavAmAM Ave che ke dharma ane vijJAna ekabIjAnAM virodhI che. vijJAnane Adhunika yugamAM je siddhi maLelI che ane tene lIdhe tenI je pratiSThA che tene kAraNe keTalAka loko dharma zuM che e jANyA sivAya dharmathI vimukha banatA jAya che, to keTalAka loko potAnA khAnagI jIvanamAM dharmanuM pAlana kare che paNa jAhera jIvanamAM teno ullekha karatAM saMkoca ke zarama anubhave che. Ama, dharma ane vijJAna vacce virodha che e matanI mANasanA vyaktigata ane sAmAjika jIvana para ghaNI joradAra asara paDe che ane tethI e matanI asvIkAryatA spaSTa karavAnuM kAraNa ApaNA mATe khAsa jarUrI bane che. dharma ane vijJAna vacce virodha che e mata rajU karanArAo e bhUlI jAya che ke dharma ane vijJAna e baMnenAM kAryakSetra ane paddhati ekabIjAthI bhinna che ane tethI temanI vacce virodha thavAnI kharI rIte to koI saMbhAvanA ja nathI. dharma e vyaktie pote potAnI AdhyAtmika unnati mATe jIvavAno jIvana-mArga che, jyAre vijJAna e A jagatanA koI indriyagamya viSayanuM nirIkSaNa ane prayoganI paddhatithI

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11 dharmatattvavicAra meLaveluM jJAna che. vijJAna dvArA kudaratanA je niyamonuM ApaNane jJAna maLe teno dhArmika mANasanA jIvanamAM upayoga thaI zake che. e ja rIte koI paNa vijJAnI potAnuM vaijJAnika saMzodhana cAlu rAkhIne dhArmika jIvana jIvI zake che. dA.ta., A yuganA sauthI vadhAre samartha vijJAnI AInsTAIna jIvana pratyenA AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNamAM UMDI zraddhA dharAvatA hatA ane te pramANe jIvana jIvatA hatA. Ama, e spaSTa thAya che ke vijJAna ane dharma vacce virodha che ema kahenArA loko kAM to 1. dharma zuM che ane vijJAna zuM che te ja jANatA nathI ane tethI temanI vAta kevaLa gerasamaja para racAyelI hoI, kADhI nAkhavA jevI che, athavA 2. dharma ane vijJAnanA sAcA svarUpane jANavA chatAM temanI vaccenA virodhanA arthahIna vAto kare che ane kayo buddhimAna mANasa arthahIna vAtone mAnavA taiyAra thAya che ? dharma ane vijJAna vaccenA virodhanI vAto kevaLa arthazUnya che e muddAnI samajUtI ApatAM DI. ema. eDavarDjha yathArtha kahe che ke "guNAkAradarzaka koTho ane premamAM paDavuM" nAmanI ghaTanA vacce virodha che, ema kahevAmAM jeTalo artha che tenAthI vadhAre artha "dharma ane vijJAna vacceno virodha" e zabdomAM nathI."25 2. vijJAna ane dharma e baMne mAnavasaMskRtinAM ekabIjAthI judAM evAM tattvo che, ane teo ekabIjAnAM virodhI to nathI ja paNa tethI UlaTuM ekabIjAnA pUraka che. vijJAna dvArA ApaNe A jagatanA nirIkSaNakSama padArthonuM ja jJAna meLavIe chIe. A padArthonA temaja mAnavajIvananA mUlyanuM jJAna vijJAna dvArA sAMpaDI zakatuM nathI. jagata temaja mAnavajIvananA mUlya ke hetune lagatuM AdhyAtmika jJAna dharma dvArA ja maLI zake che. jevI rIte mAnavajIvanane sagavaDa bhareluM banAvavA mATe kudaratanA niyamonuM jJAna jarUrI che tevI ja rIte mAnavajIvanane hetupUrNa banAvavA mATe AdhyAtmika jJAna paNa jarUrI che. Ama, vijJAna ane dharma baMne ekabIjAnA kAryanAM pUraka banIne mAnavasaMskRtimAM viziSTa sthAna dharAve che, ane tethI temAMnA koI paNa ekanuM avamUlyana thAya to tethI mAnavasaMskRtine na purAya tevI khoTa paDe che. uM. ja. sAMDesarAe yathArtha kahyuM che ke "jo vijJAna e bhautika padArtho mAraphate "satya" zodhavAnuM kArya kare che ane "dharma' jo vizvane dhAraNa karavAno niyama che to e baMne vacce kyAMya virodha hoya e saMbhavita nathI. tethI vijJAna haMmezAM "dharma samajavAnuM sahAyakArI prabaLa zAstra che e rIte levAvuM joIe. vijJAnanA durupayogathI eca. bomba banAvanArI zodhaka buddhi pRthvI uparathI cetana jIvone samULagA ukhADI zake che paNa jo e ja zodhaka buddhi dharmanA bhAnathI "dharmane vizeSa samajavA mATe pravRtti kare to cetana jIvone sukhI tathA samRddha karavAmAM mahattvano phALo ApI zake ane satya-zodhananuM kArya caDiyAtuM, avarodhavihIna ane kalyANaprada thAya."26

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12. jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo vartamAna samAjamAM vijJAnanuM mUlya to svIkArAyuM ja che paNa dharmanA mUlya aMge jAtajAtanI zaMkAo prakaTa karavAmAM Ave che. tene ja pariNAme mAnavasaMskRtinuM bhAvi jokhamamAM mUkAI gayuM che. dharma pratyenI udAsInatA e Adhunika mAnavasamAjanI moTAmAM moTI nabaLAI che ane dharmanA mUlyanI punaHsthApanA e ja samagra mAnavajAtano saMhAra karI zakanArA AgAmI vizvayuddhathI ugaravAno mArga che e muddAnI chaNAvaTa karatAM DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan lakhe che ke, "ApaNA yugamAM jo koI jarUrI tattva gerahAjara hoya to te AtmA che. zarIrane koI bImArI nathI. ApaNe AdhyAtmika bImArIthI pIDAIe chIe. zAzvata tattvamAM rahelA ApaNA mULane ApaNe zodhI kADhavuM joIe ane alaukika satya aMgenI zraddhAne punaHsthApita karavI joIe. jo Ama thaze to ja ApaNA jIvanamAM vyavasthitatA Avaze ane visaMvAdI paribaLomAM zistabaddha ekatA ane hetulakSitA Avaze; nahi to jyAre pUra Avaze ane pavana phUMkAze ane ApaNA gharane phaTako paDaze tyAre te paDI bhAMgaze."27 saMkSepamAM "jo ApaNe duniyAne bacAvI levA mAgatA hoIe to ApaNe dharmabhAvanAno punaruddhAra karavo paDaze."28 5. dharma ane samAja: koI paNa mAnava samAja tyAre ja TakI zake ke jyAre teno pratyeka sabhya potAnAM kartavyonuM pAlana karato hoya. je samAjamAM vidyArthI vidyAbhyAsa karato na hoya, zikSaka vidyAvyAsaMgI na hoya, mAtApitA saMtAnonA saMskArasiMcananI ciMtA karatAM na hoya, saMtAno mAbApanI AmanyA rAkhatAM na hoya, vepArIo kevaLa naphAkhorI ja karatA hoya, vakIlo gunegArone chaTakabArI zodhI ApatA hoya, netAo dezanuM hita vicAravAne badale potapotAnA aMgata svArtha sAdhatA hoya, nokariyAto lAMca letA hoya, vagere....vagere.. hoya te samAjanuM taMtra tUTI gayA vagara rahetuM ja nathI. Ama, e spaSTa thAya che ke koI paNa samAjanI ekatA, sthiratA ane vikAsa tenA sabhyonI kartavyabhAvanA ke nIti para khUba AdhAra rAkhe che. dhArmika jIvananuM vizleSaNa karatI vakhate ApaNe joI gayAM ke kartavyabhAvanA ke nIti e dhArmika jIvananuM ghaNuM ja mahattvanuM aMga che. dharmamAM nahi mAnanAro mANasa kyAreka nItimAMthI DagI jaI zake che paNa sAco dhArmika mANasa to jAheramAM ke khAnagImAM koI sthaLe ke koI kALe nItino tyAga karato ja nathI. nItine haMmezAM vaLagI rahevA mATe be bAbato khAsa jarUrI che : 1. potAnuM zuM kartavya che tenuM jJAna ane 2. potAnA kartavyane daDhapaNe vaLagI rahevAnuM naitika baLa. A baMne bAbato mANasane dharmamAMthI maLI rahe che ane tethI ema kahI zakAya ke dharma nItino Agraha rAkhe che. eTaluM ja nahi te nItino saMgIna pAyo paNa pUro pADe che. A muddAnI spaSTatA DaoN. rAdhAkRSNanA A zabdomAMthI maLI rahe che : "dharma je UMcAmAM UMcI koTinuM jIvana gALavAno upadeza kare che te to Izvara vizenI sAcI AstikatAmAMthI

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dharmatattvavicAra 13 ApoApa phalita thAya che; IzvaranI hastI vize mANasamAM sAcI zraddhA hoya to evuM jIvana gALyA vinA eno chUTako ja na thAya. manuSyanA aMtaramAM vasato paramAtmA e jo parama satya hoya, to e aMtaryAmInI AjJAne anusarIne kareluM AcaraNa to Adarza AcaraNa kahevAya." A Adarzane anusaranAro "manuSya tyAga, namratA, baMdhuprema ane vizuddhinI mUrtirUpa haze. AtmabaLa vaDe indriyo para jaya meLavavAthI dveSanAM vAdaLa ane vAsanAnAM dhummasa osarI jAya che. eTale evo jitendriya puruSa bhAre saMkaTanI ghaDIe saMpUrNapaNe zAnta ane svastha raheze. game tevAM aMgata du:kha ke prajAkIya Aphata AvI paDe toye te hebatAI dimUDha nahi bane. tenI pAse AtmAnI zAMti, aDaga hRdaya ane dIrghadarzI AMkha haze, eTale te yogya samaye yogya rIte ja vartaze. te koI eka yA bIjA dezano prajAjana nahi hoya, paNa sAcA arthamAM jagatano nAgarika haze, vasudhAne kuTuMba mAnanAro haze. tenA jIvanamAM AnaMda ane premanA AdarzavALo sattvaguNa e sattAnI jhaMkhanA ne garvavALA rajoguNa tathA moha ane jaDatA upajAvanAra tamoguNa para prAdhAnya bhogave che."29 Ama, 1. nIti e samAjajIvanano pAyo che ane 2. dharma nIti mATeno joradAra Agraha rAkhe che ane te mATeno daDha pAyo pUro pADe che-e be bAbato parathI ema spaSTa thAya che ke samAjane taMdurasta ane pragatizIla rAkhavAmAM dharmano ghaNo moTo hisso che. dharma zabdano artha A ja hakIkata spaSTa kare che. dharma zabda mULa " (dhAraNa karavuM) dhAtu parathI Avelo che. AthI ja mahAbhAratakAra kahe che ke, "dharma dhAraNa kare che-TakAvI rAkhe che tene lIdhe ja tene "dharma' nAma apAyuM che. jagatanI prajAne dharma ja TakAvI rAkhelI che."30. dharma mATe vaparAto aMgrejI zabda "rilijiyana' paNa leTina zabdo "Re' ane "Legere'mAMthI Avelo che, jeno artha thAya che "pharI bAMdhavuM. Ane anulakSIne DaoN. rAdhAkRSNane yathArtha kahyuM che ke "dharmano zabdArtha ja ema sUcave che ke dharma e mAnavasamAjanI vyavasthAne sudaDha banAvanAruM ane mAnavasamAjanI ektAne jALavI rAkhanAruM paribaLa hovuM ghaTe."31

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14 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo saMdarbhasUci je che 1. mahiAra nidrAma,maithuna 2 sAmacitat pazudharnaram | dharmo hi teSAM adhiko vizeSa: dharmeNa hInA pazubhiH samAnAH / / ma. jo . paTela, gAMdhIjInuM dharmadarzana, pR. 165 3. D. M. Edwards, The Philosophy of Religion, P. 4. manusmRti, 8 : 15 5. mahAbhArata, karNaparva, 69 : 59 6. manusmRti, 12 : 106 kurAna, 14.1 ane 14.4 (vizeSa vigata mATe juo : The Great Asian Religions, An Anthology, P. 320-22) 8. kurAna, mujammila-8 bAibala, thessalonikIone pahelo patra, pa-17 10. gAMdhIjI, dharmamaMthana, pR. 211 11. saMgrahakAra, saMzodhaka ane prakAzaka, zrI bhagavAnajI mahArAja ane kezavalAla aMbAlAla Thakkara, zrI akhAjInI sAkhIo, pR. 113 12. kurAna, 100-1 thI 7 13. bhAgavata, 3:29:27 bAibala, yohAnano pahelo patra, 4-20 15. gAMdhIjI, dharmamaMthana, pR. 6 16. Radhakrishnan, The Report of University Education Commision, Vol. I, P. 295 17. paMDita sukhalAlajI (saMpAdaka), yogadarzana tathA yogatrizikA, pR. 94 18. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, jIvanazodhana (pAMcamI AvRtti), pR. 177 19. zrI svAminArAyaNa, vacanAmRta, gaDhaDA prathama prakaraNa : 19 20. D. M. Edwards, The Philosophy of Religion, P. 138-39 29. Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, (Translated by Abbott) P. 22EUR 14.

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dharmatattvavicAra 15 22. Matthew Arnold, Literature and Dogma, P. 88EUR 23. Caldecott and Mackintosh, Selections from the Literature of Theism (1904), P. 256-3/4 24. D. M. Edwards, The Philosophy of Religion, P. 154-55 25. ejana, pR. 175 26. u. ja. sAMDesarA, bhArataratna (bIjI AvRtti), pR. 597-98 20. Radhakrishnan, Religion and Society, P. 28 26. Radhakrishnan, Religion in a changing world, P. 4EUR 29. rAdhAkRSNanuM, hindu dharma (anuvAdaka caM. prA. zukla), pR. 49-50 30. mahAbhArata, karNaparva, 69 : 59 39. Radhakrishnan, Religion in a changing world, P. 82-83

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prakaraNa-2 dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno abhigama - jayendrakumAra yAjJika 1. dharmanuM ekatva ane dharmonI anekatA pahelA prakaraNamAM dharma ke dhArmika jIvana aMge ApaNe je vicAra karyo te hindu dharma, islAma dharma, khristI dharma, zIkha dharma ke jarathostI dharmane lagato na hato paNa koI paNa dharmamAM jovA maLatA dharmanA sarvasAmAnya svarUpane lagato hato. dharmanuM mULatattva ke svarUpa eka hovA chatAM jagatamAM phakta eka ja dharma nathI. pRthvI paranA judA judA dezo, mAnavaitihAsanA judA judA yugo, ane mAnavasvabhAvanA judA judA aMzone kAraNe dharmanuM mULatattva eka hovA chatAM aneka dharmo ane e dharmonA paNa vividha paMtho ane peTApaMtho astitvamAM Ave che. A rIte udbhavatA judA judA "paMtho" ke "anugamomAM judA judA dharmo' tarIke oLakhAya che ane tethI ja ema kahevAya che ke "dharma eka che paNa dharmo aneka che." dharma eka che paNa dharmo aneka che" e kathanano artha spaSTa karavA mATe ApaNe keTalAMka udAharaNo laIzuM. bIjI rIte kahIe to, 1. jJAna, 2. bhakti, 3. nIti ane 4. vairAgya- e dhArmika jIvananAM cAra aMgone anulakSIne ekano eka dharma aneka rUpo kaI rIte dhAraNa kare che te darzAvavAno ApaNe anukrame yatna karIzuM. 1. ApaNe joI gayAM ke dareka dharmanA jJAnakAMDamAM paramatattvanuM svarUpa ane tenA jIva ane jagata sAthenA saMbaMdha aMgenI mAnyatAono samAveza thato hoya che. paramatattvanuM svarUpa ane tenA jIva ane jagata sAthenA saMbaMdha aMge aneka prazno uddabhave che, jemAMnA keTalAka nIce mujaba che : 1. paramatattva eka che ke aneka ? 2. paramatattvamAM vyaktimAM hoya tevA guNo che ke nahi ? arthAta te sAkAra che ke nirAkAra ? saguNa che ke nirguNa ? 3. paramatattva A jagatamAM aMtaryAmI che ke te A jagatathI saMpUrNapaNe para che ? 4. paramatattva mANasanA jIva ke AtmAthI juduM tattva che ke AtmA ane paramAtmA eka ja che ?

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dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno abhigama 17 judA judA dhArmika puruSoe potapotAnA anubhava ane potAnA jamAnAnI jarUriyAtane anulakSIne uparanA praznonA judA judA javAbo ApelA che. A javAbonI vigatomAM ApaNe ahIM UtarI zakIe tema nathI, paraMtu eTaluM to cokkasa samajI zakIe tema chIe ke uparanA praznonA vividha javAbone lIdhe dharmanA jJAnakAMDamAM vividha prakAranI tAttvika vicArasaraNIo dAkhala thAya che ane tene pariNAme dharma eka hovA chatAM aneka "paMtho paDI jAya che ane e rIte dharma eka hovA chatAM aneka dharmo astitvamAM Ave che. 2. dhArmika jIvananuM vizleSaNa karatI vakhate ApaNe joyuM ke dharma dvArA mANasa potAnI prANIsahaja vRttio para vijaya meLavIne deva ke IzvarakoTie pahoMcavAno yatna kare che. Ama, daivItattva ke paramAtmAne pAmavAno prayatna e dharmanuM hArda che. daivItattva ke paramAtmAne pAmavA mATe mANasa keTalIka vAra bAhya najare joI zakAya tevA padArtho jevA ke vRkSa, sUrya, caMdra, dhAtu ke kASThanI mUrti vagerenuM avalaMbana levAnuM yogya gaNe che. AthI UlaTuM, keTalIka vAra mANasane ema lAge che ke paramAtmAnI anubhUti ane prApti to aMtaranA UMDANamAM pahoMcIne ja thaI zake. Ama, daivItattva ke paramAtmAne kaI rIte pAmI zakAya e prazna aMge judI judI ruci ane kakSAnA mANaso judI judI rIte vicAre che. Ama, paramAtmAne pAmavAnuM eka ja dhyeya rahevA chatAM tenA ArAdhako ke bhakto judI judI pUjanavidhio ane vividha sAdhanA paddhatio svIkArIne judo judo "paMtha' laI zake che ane e rIte paNa dharma eka hovA chatAM aneka dharmo zakya bane che. 3. dhArmika jIvananA vizleSaNa daramiyAna ApaNe joyuM ke nIti ke sadAcAra e dhArmika jIvananuM Avazyaka aMga che. dhArmika mANasa sadAcArI hovo joIe e sArvatrika apekSA che. paNa sadAcAra zemAM rahelo che e praznano uttara judA judA deza ane kALanI paristhiti para AdhAra rAkhe che. eTale ke ahiMsA, satya asteya, dayA, samatA, prema, zaurya vagere zAzvata naitika guNo che. paraMtu je te dezakALanI paristhitine anusarIne AmAMnA amuka guNo para amuka dharmamAM vizeSa bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che. dA.ta., jaina dharmamAM ahiMsA para, zIkha dharmamAM zaurya para ane khristI dharmamAM prema para khUba bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. Ama, judA judA naitika guNo para vizeSa bhAra mUkavAne lIdhe paNa dharmamAM vividhatA Ave che. ane e rIte paNa dharma eka hovA chatAM aneka dharmo zakya bane che. 4. ApaNe joI gayAM ke dhArmika jIvana gALanAra mANasa pAsethI "daDha vairAgya jenA manamAM re'nI apekSA che. dhArmika mANasa vairAgyazIla hovo joIe e kAyama mATe satya evuM kathana che. paNa teno vairAgya kaI rIte pragaTa thavo joIe e praznano AdhAra paristhiti para rahe che. saMsAra choDIne sAdhu banI javAmAM jema vairAgyanI

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18 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo jarUra paDe che tema niSkAma bhAve sAmAjika sevA karavAnuM vrata levAmAM paNa vairAgyanI jarUra paDe che. e ja rIte vidyAdAna, annadAna, zramadAna vagere vividha prakAranAM dAna ApavAmAM 'vaNa jotuM nahi saMgharavuM'no niyama levAmAM, sAduM saMyamI jIvana jIvavAmAM paNa vairAgyanI jarUra paDe che. Ama, vairAgyanI bhAvanA ekanI eka rahevA chatAM te aneka rIte vyakta thaI zake che ane tethI judI judI sAmAjika paristhitine dhyAnamAM laIne judA judA dharmamAM vairAgyano vicAra judI judI rIte karavAmAM Ave te zakya ane Avazyaka paNa che. Ane kAraNe paNa dharma eka hovA chatAM aneka dharmo zakya bane che. dharma eka che paNa dharmo aneka che' e kathanane spaSTa karatI uparyukta samajUtI parathI jaNAze ke A kathanano artha e che ke tAttvika dRSTie dharmanuM svarUpa ekasarakhuM che paNa bhaugolika temaja. aitihAsika dRSTie jotAM ApaNane jagatamAM aneka dharmo jovA maLe che. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNanA zabdomAM kahIe to, "bhinna bhinna dharmo e nirAkAra satyanAM aitihAsika sAkAra rUpo che. mULa saMpatti eka ane avibhAjya che; paNa je mATInA vAsaNamAM te bharelI che te vAsaNa tenA samaya ane saMjogonA AkAra ane raMga dhAraNa kare che." Ama, ApaNe joIe chIe ke jagatamAM aneka dharmo che. A aneka dharmomAMnA pratyeka vidyamAna dharmano abhyAsa thavo ghaTe che, ane tethI dharmanI tAttvika ekatAne bhUlyA sivAya jagatamAM vartamAnakALe vidyamAna evA dharmono vigatavAra paricaya meLavavAno ApaNe prayatna karIzuM. 2. jagatanA vidyamAna dharmonuM aitihAsika ane bhaugolika dRSTie vargIkaraNaH mAnavasaMskRtinA ItihAsa para najara nAkhatAM e spaSTa thAya che ke Aja sudhImAM jagatamAM jeTalA dharmo astitvamAM AvyA temAMnA badhA Aje vidyamAna nathI. eka kALe vikaselA bAreka jeTalA dharmoe duniyAno takhto choDI dIdho che. dA.ta., prAcIna ijiptano dharma, prAcIna meksiko ane perUnA dharmo, prAcIna bebiloniyAno dharma, grIsa ane romanA dharmo ane yuropanA TyuTonika lokono dharma. jagatanA mukhya vidyamAna dharmonI saMkhyA agiyAranI che. A agiyAra dharmonAM nAma temaja temanA sthApaka (jo hoya to), udbhavakALa ane uddabhavasthAnanI mAhitI nIcenA koThA parathI maLI raheze :

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dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno abhigama 19 nAma krama udbhavakALane sthApaka ubhavakALa udbhavasthAna anulakSIne (sthApaka hoya nakkI thato tyAM sthApakano janmakALa) hindu dharma kaI manuSya nahIM! I.sa. pUrve bhArata (apauruSeya) | 3000thI paNa prAcIna 2 | yahUdI dharma payagambara mojhIjha I.sa. pUrve 12jI|pazcima eziyA zinjo dharma | koI nahi |I.sa660| jApAna jarathostI dharma aSo jarathusta | I.sa. pUrve 660| IrAna tAo dharma | lAo7 | I.sa. pUrve 60| cIna | jaina dharma mahAvIra svAmI Ii.sa. pUrve pa995 bhArata bauddha dharma | gautama buddha |I.sa.pa63| bhArata karyuzyasa dharma karyuziyasa (I.sa.pUrve 551 | cIna | khristI dharma Isu khrista | I.sa.no prAraMbha pazcima eziyA kALa 10 islAma dharma mahammada | I.sa. pa71 | arabastAna payagambara | zIkha dharma | guru nAnaka | I.sa. 1469 | bhArata 11 1. upara ApelA koThAnuM nirIkSaNa karatAM nIcenA muddAo spaSTa thaze: jagatanA tamAma vidyamAna dharmono udbhava eziyA khaMDamAMnA vividha dezomAM ja thayelo che. joke eziyA khaMDamAM uddabhavelA dharmo yuropa, amerikA, AphrikA ane oNsTreliyAmAM bahoLo prasAra jarUra pAmelA che paNa A khaMDomAM temano udbhava thayelo nathI. jagatanA agiyAra vidyamAna dharmomAM sauthI vadhAre prAcIna hindu dharma che ane zIkha dharma sauthI vadhAre arvAcIna che. A baMne dharmono uddabhava bhAratamAM ja thayo che. A hakIkta bhAratanI sadAjIvaMta dharmapraNAlInI sAkSI pUre che. 2.

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 3. hindu dharma ane zIkha dharma uparAMta bauddha dharma ane jaina dharmano paNa bhAratamAM ja janma thayelo che. bhArata sivAyano koI paNa deza ATalI saMkhyAnA vidyamAna dharmonuM udbhavasthAna nathI. uparanA muddA naM. 2 ane 3mAM jaNAvelI hakIkatothI paNa vadhAre gauravaprada hakIkata to e che ke cIna ane jApAnanA traNa dharmo - 1. tAo dharma, 2. kaphyuziyasa dharma ane 3. zinjo dharma - bAda karatAM bAkInA ATha vidyAmAna dharmonA saMkhyAbaMdha anuyAyIo vartamAna bhAratamAM ekasAthe vase che. A badhA dharmonI paraMparAne sarakhuM rakSaNa maLI rahe tevI bhAratanA rAjyabaMdhAraNamAM jogavAI che. AnA parathI e spaSTa thaze ke bhAratanuM rAjya binasAMpradAyika che ema kahevAno artha e nathI ke bhArata sarakArane dharmanI paDI nathI. bhAratanuM rAjayabaMdhAraNa binasAMpradAyika che ema kahevAno kharo artha e che ke gAMdhIjIe upadezelI sarvadharmasamabhAvanI bhAvanAne anusarIne temAM sarva dharma pratye sarakhA Adarano siddhAMta svIkArAyelo che ane tethI koI eka dharma pratyenA khoTA pakSapAtane temAM sthAna nathI. 3. lokazAhI, binasAMpradAyikatA ane dharma : bhAratanA lokazAhI ane binasAMpradAyika rAjayamAM dharmanuM je sthAna che tenI spaSTatA karIne DaoN. rAdhAkRSNane yunivarsiTI ejyukezana kamizana'nA riporTamAM dharmanA zikSaNanI khAsa himAyata karI che. A riporTamAM teo lakhe che ke, "komI taMgadilI mATe dharma pote javAbadAra nathI paNa dharmanI sAthe joDI devAmAM AvatAM ajJAna ane jaDa evI asahiSNutA ane svArthabhAvanA ja A mATe javAbadAra che. svArthI mANaso, svArthI takavAdane anusarIne potAnI melI murAdo bara lAvavA dharmano upayoga kare che." A rIte thayelA "dharmanA durupayogane pariNAme binasAMpradAyika rAjyano khyAla svIkArAyo che. Ano artha e nathI ke koI paNa vastu pavitra ke AdarabhAvane yogya nathI. binasAMpradAyika rAjya ema nathI kahetuM ke ApaNI badhI pravRttio adhArmika ane svArthasiddhinA anaitika AdarzanI upAsanA karanArI hoya.....AvA svArthI ane adhArmika valaNano artha to evo thAya ke ApaNe ApaNA "svabhAvathI ja viruddha javAnI vAta karIe chIe ane ApaNo "svadharma ke jemAM ApaNI viziSTa zakti pragaTa thAya che tene tyajI devA taiyAra thaIe chIe. ApaNuM rAjya koI eka dharmane vareluM nathI e kharuM hovA chatAM ApaNe e nahi bhUlavuM joIe ke UMDI dhArmiktA suvarNanA dhAgAnI jema ApaNA samagra itihAsa soMsaravI cAlI jAya che." "ApaNA baMdhAraNanA mULabhUta siddhAMtonA amala mATe AdhyAtmika tAlIma jarUrI che. ApaNA dezamAM koI rAjayadharma nathI. rAjaye koI paNa eka dharma pratye pakSapAtanuM valaNa rAkhavuM joIe nahi. dharmanAM vividha rUpone ahIM samAna sthAna che. zarata mAtra eTalI ja che ke A rUpo bhraSTa AcaraNa pratye dorI janArAM na hovAM joIe.

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dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno abhigama dareka mANasane potAnI zakti ane abhiruci pramANe agocara tattvane pAmavAno prayatna karavAnuM svAtaMtrya che. jo ApaNA binasAMpradAyika rAjyano A pAyo hoya to, binasAMpradAyika hovuM eTale dhArmika dRSTie nirakSara rahevuM evo artha thaI zake ja nahi. sAMpradAyika saMkucitatA choDIne UMDI AdhyAtmikatA keLavavI e ja binasAMpradAyika hovAno kharo artha che."5 dareka mahAna dharmamAM sAMpradAyika saMkucitatA choDIne UMDI AdhyAtmikatA keLavavAno upadeza ApavAmAM Avelo che. dA.ta., 1. "Izvare je pustaka amane ApyuM che tene ame mAnIe chIe ane je pustaka teNe tamane ApyuM che tene paNa mAnIe chIe. amAro ane tamAro allAha eka ja che ane te ja eka allAha AgaLa ApaNe mAthuM namAvIe chIe."-islAma dharma daheruM ane masjida eka che, pUjA ane namAja eka ja che. sau mANaso eka che, alaga dekhAya che te bhrama che...... allAha ane nirAkAra Izvara eka ja che, purANa ane kurAna eka ja che, e sau samAna che, eka prabhue A sau saryuM che."--zIkha dharma. 3. "je mANasa bhUtamAtrane AtmAmAM jue che ane AtmAne bhUtamAtramAM jue che te koInI dhRNA karato nathI. jyAM bhUtamAtra jJAnI mANasanA AtmArUpa banI gayAM che, tyAM, evuM etva jonArane moha ane zoka zAna thavA pAme ?"- hindu dharma. uparanAM avataraNo jotAM e spaSTa thaze ke je musalamAna, zIkha ke hindu potAnA varganA sAcA marmane pAme che tenAmAM evI UMDI AdhyAtmikatA ke vyApaka dharmabhAvano udaya thAya che ke komI vikhavAda tene mATe azakya banI jAya che. sAcI dhArmiktAmAM sAMpradAyika saMkucitatAne bilakula sthAna nathI e muddAnI spaSTatA guru goviMdasiMhe Izvarane ApelAM be nAmo parathI paNa thAya che. guru goviMdasiMhanA mata pramANe, IzvaranAM aneka nAmo che, jemAMnuM eka nAma che "adharama' [jeno koI dharma (paMtha) nathI.] ane bIjuM nAma che, "amajahaba' (jeno koI majahaba (paMtha) nathI.] e kahevAnI bhAgye ja jarUra rahe che ke Izvarane AvAM nAma ApIne guru goviMdasiMhe potAnI maulika vyApaka dharmabhAvanAno upadeza karelo che. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNanAM temaja vividha dharmonAM zAstromAMthI lIdhelAM uparanAM vidhAno parathI spaSTa thAya che ke binasAMpradAyikatA e adhArmikatAnuM bIjuM nAma nathI. ethI UlaTuM, jo mANasanA vyaktigata ane sAmAjika jIvanamAM UMDI AdhyAtmikatA ane vyApaka dharmabhAvanA hoya to ja lokazAhI ane binasAMpradAyikatAnA Adarzo siddha thaI zake tema che. AthI ja mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe potAnA jIvana ane upadeza vaDe

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22 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo vAraMvAra e vAta para bhAra mUkyo che ke lokazAhI ane binasAMpradAyika rAjyanA nAgariko dharmathI vimukha nahi hovA joIe paNa dharma aMgenI UMDI sUjha dharAvanArA, ane tethI sarvadharmasamabhAvamAM mAnanArA hovA joIe. ahIM svAbhAvika rIte sarvadharmasamabhAva eTale zuM ?' e prazna UThe che. A praznano gAMdhIjIe Apelo vigatavAra uttara nIce pramANe che : - "ApaNAM vratomAM je vratane sahiSNutAne nAme oLakhIe chIe tene A navuM nAma ApyuM che. sahiSNutA aMgrejI zabda "TaoNlarezana'no anuvAda che. e mane gamyo na hato, paNa bIjuM nAma sUjhatuM na hatuM. kAkAsAhebane paNa e nahotuM gamyuM. temaNe sarvadharmaAdara zabda sUcavyo. mane e paNa na gamyo. bIjA dharmone sahana karavAmAM tenI UNapa mAnI levAmAM Ave che. AdaramAM maherabAnIno bhAva Ave che. ahiMsA ApaNane bIjA dharmo pratye samabhAva zIkhave che. Adara ane sahiSNutA ahiMsA dRSTie pUratAM nathI. bIjA dharmo pratye samabhAva rAkhavAnA mULamAM potAnA dharmanI apUrNatAno svIkAra AvI ja jAya che, ane satyanI ArAdhanA, ahiMsAnI kasoTI e ja zIkhave. saMpUrNa satya jo ApaNe joyuM hota to pachI satyano Agraha zo ? to to ApaNe paramezvara thayA. kema ke satya e ja paramezvara che evI ApaNI bhAvanA che. ApaNe pUrNa satyane oLakhatA nathI tethI teno Agraha rAkhIe chIe, tethI ja puruSArthane avakAza che. AmAM ApaNI apUrNatAno svIkAra Avyo. jo ApaNe apUrNa, to ApaNe kalpelo dharma apUrNa svataMtra dharma saMpUrNa che. te ApaNe joyo nathI. jema Izvarane joyo nathI. ApaNe mAnelo dharma apUrNa che ne temAM nitya pheraphAro thayA kare che, thayA karavAnA. Ama thAya to ja ApaNe uttarottara caDI zakIe, satya prati, Izvara prati roja ne roja AgaLa jatA jaIe. ane jo manuSyakalpita badhA dharma apUrNa mAnIe to pachI koIne UMcanIca mAnavApaNuM rahetuM nathI. badhA sAcA che, paNa badhA apUrNa che, tethI doSane pAtra che. samabhAva hovA chatAM ApaNe temAM doSa joI zakatA hoIe, potAnAmAM paNa doSa joIe. e doSane lIdhe teno tyAga na karIe, paNa doSa TALIe. Ama, samabhAva rAkhIe, eTale bIjA dharmomAM je kaMI grAhya lAge tene potAnA dharmamAM sthAna ApatAM saMkoca na thAya, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa ema karavAno dharma prApta thAya. badhA dharmo Izvaradatta che. paNa te manuSyakalpita hovAthI, manuSya teno pracAra karato hovAthI te apUrNa che. Izvaradatta dharma agamya che. tene bhASAmAM manuSya mUke jyAM lagI e daSTi varte tyAM lagI sAcA; paNa sahu khoTA paNa hovAnuM asaMbhava nathI. tethI ja ApaNe badhA dharma pratye samabhAva rAkhIe. AmAM potAnA dharma pratye udAsInatA nathI AvatI, paNa potAnA dharma pratyeno prema AMdhaLo maTI jJAnamaya thAya che, tethI vadhAre sAttvika, nirmaLa bane che. badhA dharma pratye samabhAva Ave to ja ApaNAM divyacakSu khUle. dharmAdhatA ne divyadarzana vacce uttara dakSiNa jeTaluM aMtara che. dharmajJAna thatA

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dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno abhigama 23 aMtarAyo UDI jAya che ane samabhAva pedA thAya che. A samabhAva keLavatAM ApaNe ApaNA dharmane vadhAre oLakhavAnA. ahIM dharma-adharmano bheda nathI TaLato. ahIM je aMkAyelA dharmo tarIke ApaNe jANIe chIe temanI vAta che. A badhA dharmomAM mULa siddhAMto eka ja che. te badhAmAM saMta strIpuruSo thaI gayAM che. Aje paNa mojUda che. eTale dharma pratyenA samabhAvamAM ne dharmI-manuSyo-pratyenA samabhAvamAM kaMIka bheda che. manuSya-mAtra-duSTa ane zreSTha, dharmI ane adharmI-pratye samabhAvanI apekSA che, paNa adharma pratye kadI nahi. tyAre prazna e thAya che ke ghaNA dharmo zAne sAruM joIe? ghaNA dharmo che e ApaNe jANIe chIe. AtmA eka che, manuSyadeha asaMkhya che. dehanI asaMkhyatA TALI nahi TaLe, chatAM AtmAnA aikyane ApaNe oLakhI zakIe chIe. dharmanuM mULa eka che, jema vRkSanuM; paNa tene pAtarAM asaMkhya che. . ...AtmasaMtoSane sAru jyAre huM judAM judAM dharmapustako uthalAvI rahyo hato tyAre khristI, islAma, jarathostI, yahUdI ane hindu dharma eTalAnAM pustakono mArA saMtoSa pUrato paricaya karyo. tema karatAM mane A badhA dharmo pratye samabhAva hato ema kahI zakuM chuM. te vakhate mane e jJAna hatuM ema nathI kaheto. samabhAva zabdano paNa pUro paricaya e veLA nahi hoya, paNa e vakhatanAM mArAM smaraNa tAjAM karuM chuM to mane te te dharmonI TIkA karavAnI icchA sarakhIye thaI yAda nathI. paNa emanAM pustako dharmanAM pustako samajI AdarapUrvaka vAMcato ane badhAmAM mULa naitika siddhAMto ekasarakhA joto. keTalIka vastuo huM na samajI zakato. tema ja hiMdu dharmapustakonuM hatuM. Aje paNa keTaluMye nathI samajato paNa anubhave jouM chuM ke, je ApaNe na samajI zakIe te khoTuM ja che ema mAnavAnI utAvaLa karavI e bhUla che. je keTaluMka pUrve na samajAtuM te Aje dIvA jevuM lAge che. samabhAva keLavavAthI aneka gUMco potAnI meLe UkalI jAya che; ane jyAM ApaNe doSa ja jovAmAM Ave tyAM te darzAvavAmAM paNa je namratA ane viveka hoya che tethI koIne duHkha nathI thatuM. eka mUMjhavaNa kadAca rahe che. gaye vakhate meM jaNAvyuM ke, dharma-adharmano bheda rahe che, ane adharma pratye samabhAva keLavavAno ahIM uddeza nathI. Ama ja hoya, to dharmAdharsano nirNaya karAvamAM ja samabhAvanI sAMkaLa tUTI nathI jatI ? Avo prazna thAya ane evA nirNaya karanAra bhUla kare ema paNa saMbhave. paNa ApaNAmAM kharI ahiMsA vartatI hoya to ApaNe verabhAvanAmAMthI bacI jaIe chIe, kema ke adharma jotAM chatAM te adharmane AcaranAra pratye to premabhAva ja haze ane tethI kAM to te ApaNI dRSTino svIkAra karaze, athavA ApaNI bhUla ApaNane batAvaze, athavA baMne ekabIjAnA matabhedane sahana karaze. chevaTe sAmeno ahiMsaka nahi hoya to te kaThoratA vAparaze; toye ApaNe jo ahiMsAnA kharA pUjArI hoIzuM to ApaNI mRdutA tenI kaThoratAne nivAraze ja emAM zaMkA nathI. pArakAnI bhUlane sAruM paNa ApaNe tene

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24 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo pIDavA nathI, ApaNe pIDAvuM che. e suvarNaniyamane je pALe che te badhAM saMkaTomAMthI UgarI jAya che."10 4. dharmanA abhyAsa aMgenA abhigamo dharmanA abhyAsa pratyenA abhigamo vividha hoI zake che. AmAMnA kayA abhigamathI thato dharmano abhyAsa AdhyAtmika daSTie AvakAradAyaka che e bAbatanI spaSTatA karavA mATe ApaNe ahIM dharmonA abhyAsa pratyenA keTalAka abhigamonI samIkSA karIzuM. dharmonA abhyAsa pratyenA vividha abhigamomAMnA nIcenA pAMca khAsa noMdhapAtra che : 1. dharma mAtrane utArI pADavAnI dRSTie thato dharmano abhyAsa. 2. potAnA sivAyanA anya dharmo khoTA che ema sAbita karavAnA AzayathI thato dharmono abhyAsa. potAno dharma ja sarvazreSTha che ema sAbita karavAnA AzayathI hAtha dharavAmAM Avato dharmono abhyAsa. 4. tAttvika dRSTie jotAM badhA dharmo samAna che ema spaSTa karavAnA AzayathI karavAmAM Avato dharmono abhyAsa. pa. sarvadharmasamabhAvanI daSTine anusarIne karavAmAM Avato vividha dharmono tulanAtmaka abhyAsa. dharmonAM abhyAsa pratyenA uparanA pAMca abhigamomAMnA pratyekanI ApaNe samajUtI meLavIzuM ane tenI samIkSA karavAno prayatna karIzuM. 1. dharmamAtrane utArI pADavAnI dRSTie thato dharmano abhyAsa : je abhyAsIone potAnA ke anyanA jIvanamAMthI dharmanA sAcA svarUpanI jhAMkhI thayelI na hoya, eTaluM ja nahi paNa dharma e ajJAnI ane vahemI lokomAM cAlI zake tevuM eka dhatiMga che evo pUrvagraha jemanA manamAM daDha thaI gayo hoya tevA abhyAsIo dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno Avo abhigama svIkAre che dA.ta., solomana reInAkha nAmanA vidvAne dharma mAtrane utArI pADavAnI dRSTie dharmono abhyAsa karIne ema darzAvavAno prayatna karyo che ke badhA dharmo vahema, durAgraha ane ajJAnane ja AbhArI che. AthI temanA abhyAsano niSkarSa e che ke jagatamAM jema dharmonI saMkhyA aneka che tema temane lagatI maryAdAo paNa aneka che. AthI teo dharmanuM A pramANe lakSaNa ApavAnI himAyata kare che : "ApaNI zaktionA svataMtra vihAra ane vikAsamAM avarodha pedA karanArA khyAlono samUha eTale dharma." samIkSA : mANasane koI paNa viSayanuM sAcuM jJAna tyAre ja maLe che ke jayAre te koI pUrvagrahathI prerAIne nahi paNa khullA manathI teno abhyAsa kare. Ama, jevI rIte ApaNane je vyakti sAme pUrvagraha hoya te vyaktino sAco paricaya ApaNe meLavI

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dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno abhigama 25 zakatA nathI tevI ja rIte je abhyAsaviSaya sAme ApaNane pUrvagraha hoya te abhyAsaviSayanuM sAcuM jJAna ApaNane thaI zakatuM nathI. dharma mAtrane utArI pADavAnI daSTithI thato dharmono abhyAsa pUrvagrahaprerita hoI, tenAthI abhyAsIne dharmanA zuddha ke sAcA svarUpano nahi paNa tenI vikRtiono ja paricaya thAya che. e kahevAnI bhAgye ja jarUra rahe che ke aMdhazraddhA, vahema vagerene AdhAre nabhatAM dharmanAM vikRta rUpone ja dharma mAnI levAnuM valaNa naitika dRSTie taddana asvIkArya che. Ano artha e ke dharmono abhyAsa pratyeno A abhigama sarvathA tyAjya che. 2. potAnA sivAyanA anya dharmo khoTA che ema sAbita karavAnA AzayathI thato dharmono abhyAsa : je abhyAsIone potAnA dharma pratye vadhAre paDato khoTo pakSapAta hoya ane tene pariNAme jemanuM mana dhamadhatAnI joradAra pakaDamAM AvI gayuM hoya tevA abhyAsIo dharmanA abhyAsa pratyeno A abhigama AvakAre che. pUrva ane pazcimanI keTalIka nAmAMkita vyaktioe paNa A dRSTie dharmono abhyAsa karyo che, ane e dvAra ema sAbita karavAno prayatna karelo che ke amuka eka ja dharma (abhyAsIno potAno dharma) sAco che ane bIjA dharmo taddana khoTA che.12 samIkSA : "pakSApakSI tyAM nahi paramezvara"nA nyAye je dharmapremI mANasa potAnA dharma pratyenA premamAM AMdhaLo banI gayo hoya te anya dharmamAM paNa e ja paramezvaranI ArAdhanA thAya che te vAtane samajI zakato nathI. bIjI rIte kahIe to, moha ane aMdhakArathI prerAyelo koI paNa viSayano abhyAsa te viSayanuM sAcuM jJAna ApavAmAM saphaLa thaI zakato nathI. eTale ke dharmanA abhyAsa pratyeno A abhigama dharmAdhatA para AdhArita che ane tethI ema siddha thAya che ke te dvArA dharmanA sAcA ane zuddha svarUpanuM jJAna prApta thaI zakatuM nathI. vaLI eka dharmanA anuyAyI eka dharma ja sAco che ane e sivAyanA badhA dharmo khoTA che ema sAbita karavAno yatna kare ane bIjA dharmanA anuyAyI bIjo dharma sAco che ane bAkInA badhA dharmo khoTA che ema darzAvavAno prayatna kare to ene pariNAme eka prakAranI kheMcAkheMcInI sthiti sarjAya che. A sthiti AdhyAtmika dRSTie zaramajanaka che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa tArkika dRSTie paNa e svaghAtaka che, kAraNa ke judA judA dharmonA sAmasAmA khaMDanamaMDanane pariNAme Akhare to badhA dharmonuM khaMDana ja thAya che. Ama, e spaSTa thAya che ke dharmanA abhyAsa pratyeno A abhigama paNa saMpUrNapaNe tyAjya che. 3. potAno dharma ja sarvazreSTha che ema sAbita karavAnA AzayathI hAtha dharavAmAM Avato dharmano abhyAsaH potAnA dharma pratyenA khoTA pakSapAtane pariNAme je dharmapremI abhyAsIo potAnA dharma aMgenuM mithyA abhimAna dharAvatA thaI jAya che tevA abhyAsIone bIjAnA dharmo svAbhAvika rIte bahu jhAMkhA lAge che. Ama, potAnA dharma aMge vadhAre paDatuM abhimAna rAkhanArA abhyAsIo dharmanA abhyAsa

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26 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo pratyeno Avo abhigama svIkAre che. ahIM e muddo khAsa noMdhapAtra che ke dharmanA abhyAsa pratyeno A trIjo abhigama upara samajAvelA bIjA abhigamathI spaSTa rIte judo che. bIjA abhigamamAM potAnA dharma sivAyanA dharmone taddana vAhiyAta gaNAvI temanuM mULamAMthI ja chedana karavAnI himAyata karavAmAM Ave che. jyAre trIjA abhigamamAM potAnA dharma sivAyanA anya dharmone taddana khoTA nahi, paNa ekadama adhUrA gaNAvavAmAM Ave che ane potAno ja dharma paripUrNa che evo dAvo karavAmAM Ave che. judA judA dharmanA ghaNA anuyAyIoe A dRSTie dharmono abhyAsa karelo che ane e dvArA ema darzAvavAno prayatna karelo che ke amuka eka ja dharma (abhyAsIno potAno dharma) sarvazreSTha che ane bIjA dharmomAM Ama to ghaNI kharAbIo che paNa A kharAbIo vacce jAye-ajANye je sArI vastuonI jhAMkhI thAya che te sArI vastuo paNa pUrNavikasita rUpe to potAnA sarvazreSTha dharmamAM ja jovA maLe che. 13 samIkSA : dhArmika jIvananuM vizleSaNa karatI vakhate pahelA prakaraNamAM ApaNe joI gayAM ke ucca prakAranI nItimattA e dhArmikatAnuM anivArya aMga che ane tethI dareka dharmamAM prema ane bhrAtRbhAvanAno upadeza apAyelo hoya che. Ano artha e ke koI paNa eka ke bIjA dharmano sAco anuyAyI prema ane udAra bhAvanAmAM UNo Utarato hoto ja nathI. ane tethI te potAnA dharmanuM ke anya koI vAtanuM mithyA abhimAna rAkhI zakato ja nathI ane jo jAye-ajANye rAkhe to te potAnA dharmanA marmane paNa pAmI zake nahi evI sthitimAM mukAI jAya che, ane AvI sthitimAM mukAyelo mANasa anya dharmanA rahasyane to oLakhI ja kevI rIte zake? Ano artha e ke potAnA dharma aMgenA mithyA abhimAnane kAraNe udbhavato dharmanA abhyAsa pratyeno A abhigama koI paNa dharmanuM sAcuM jJAna ApavAmAM niSphaLa jAya che. vaLI, dharmanA abhyAsa pratyenA upara samajAvelA bIjA abhigamanI peThe A trIjo abhigama paNa tArkika dRSTie svaghAtaka che. Ama e spaSTa thAya che ke dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno A abhigama paNa sarvathA tyAjaya che. 4. tAttvika dRSTie jotAM A badhA dharmo samAna che ema spaSTa karavAnA AzayathI karavAmAM Avato dharmono abhyAsa : je abhyAsIo dharmano vicAra UMDI AdhyAtmikatAnI dRSTie kare che temane judA judA dharmo vaccenA bheda tadana uparachallA lAge che ane uparachallI dRSTie judA judA jaNAtA vividha dharmomAM rahelI tAttvika ektA tarapha temanI AMkha Thare che. AvI UMDI AdhyAtmika dRSTie vicAranArA abhyAsIo judA judA dharmomAM raheluM sAmya ke temanI vaccenI mULabhUta ekatAne spaSTa karavAnA AzayathI dharmono abhyAsa hAtha dhare che. dharmonA abhyAsa pratyenA A abhigamanuM suMdara udAharaNa ApaNane DaoN. bhagavAnadAsanA "Essential Unity of All Religious (sarva dharmonI tAttvika ekatA) nAmanA graMthamAMthI maLI rahe che. DaoN. bhagavAnadAse A pustakamAM judA judA dharmanAM zAstromAMthI aneka utArAo TAMkIne ema darzAvavAno samartha prayatna karyo che ke badhA dharmomAM dhArmika jIvananAM traNa aMgo 1. jJAna 2. bhakti ane 3.

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dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno abhigama nItinuM mahattva svIkAravAmAM AvyuM che, ane tethI "dharmo" aneka dekhAtA hovA chatAM kharekhara "dharma" eka ja che. samIkSA : A prakaraNanA prAraMbhamAM ApaNe "dharmanuM ekatva ane dharmonI anekatA" e viSe vicAraNA karelI ja che. temAM rajU thayelA muddAo parathI spaSTa thAya che ke kharI rIte jotAM dharmanuM tattva ke mULa svarUpa eka ja che. pahelA prakaraNamAM ApaNe dharma saMbaMdhI je kaMI vicAraNA karI te dharmanA A mULa eka svarUpane ja lagatI hatI. A parathI e spaSTa thAya che ke dharma aMgenI sAcI samaja meLavavI hoya to vividha dharmo vaccenI vividhatA karatAM temanI vaccenI ekatA vadhAre mahattvanI che ema spaSTa karavuM e khUba ja Avazyaka che. Ama, dharmanA abhyAsa pratyeno A abhigama dharmanA zuddha ane sAcA svarUpanuM jJAna ApanAro hoI, spaSTa rIte AvakAradAyaka ane anukaraNIya che. pa. sarvadharmasamabhAvanI dRSTine anusarIne karavAmAM Avato vividha dharmono tulanAtmaka abhyAsa : dharmonA keTalAka abhyAsIone ema lAge che ke badhA dharmo mULabhUta rIte eka hovA chatAM temAMnA pratyekamAM dharmanuM hArda ekasarakhI rIte pragaTa thayeluM hotuM nathI. vaLI, judA judA saMyogonI asarane lIdhe koI paNa dharmamAM zuddha ane sAcI dhArmikatA sAthe jemano meLa na bese tevAM tattvo paNa pravezI gayAM hoya che. Ano artha e ke A pramANe vicAranArA abhyAsIonA mate dareka dharmamAM sudhAraNAne avakAza che. ane jo hamadardI ane sarvadharmasamabhAvanI bhAvanA sAthe temano tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave to tenAthI samagra mAnavajAtanI dharmabhAvanA vadhAre paripakva ane zuddha rUpe pragaTa thaI zake. dharmonA abhyAsa pratyenA A abhigamanuM jvalaMta udAharaNa ApaNane DaoN. rAdhAkRSNamAM maLI rahe che. vividha dharmone hamadardApUrvaka samajavAno yatna karIne tenAM viziSTa ane prabhAvaka tattvonI bIjA dharma para sArI asara pADavAnA prayojanathI dharmono tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karavAno samartha prayAsa DaoN. rAdhAkRSNane karelo che. temanA mata pramANe "bhinna bhinna dharmo e bhinna bhinna prayogo che, ane temanI ekabIjA para asara paDe ne temanI vacce Apa-le thAya, to e samanvayanA phaLarUpe eka svataMtra ne sarjanazIla saMskRti utpanna thavA pAme. e sarvadharmo jagatamAM AjanA karatAM uccatara ane adhika sthAyI jIvananI imArata caNavAnA saMyukta prayatnamAM gUMthAyelA che. teo eka ja dhyeyanI prApti mATe prayatna karI rahelA sahacaro che. e sarvanA anuyAyIo sAthe sneha ane sakhyano saMbaMdha bAMdhavo tathA svArtha ane abuddhi, anyAya ane adharmanAM baLo para AkramaNa karavuM e ApaNuM AjanuM kartavya che... DaoN. esTalIna kArpenTara (tulanAtmaka dharmanA abhyAsano AraMbha karanAra vidvAna)nuM valaNa paNa A ja prakAranuM hatuM. temanuM rekhAcitra lakhanAra eka lekhake lakhyuM che ke, DaoN. kArpenTara kabUla karatA ke koI paNa dharma saMpUrNa che e mAnyatA teo svIkArI zake ema hatuM nahi. teo

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28 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo kahetA : "mArA potAnA abhyAsa parathI eka vAtane viSe mArI khAtarI thaI che. jagatanA itihAsamAM khristI dharma sivAya bIje kyAMya IzvaranA svarUpanuM sAcuM nirUpaNa thayuM nathI, ke manuSyanI naitika bhAvanAne pragaTa thavA mATe e dharma sivAya bIjo koI rasto jaDyo nathI, e vicAra bhUlabharelo che; ane emAM rahelI bhUla ApaNe khristIo samajatA thaIe ethI ApaNane lAbha che. vaLI, khristI dharmanA je graMtho atyAre upalabdha che te parathI khristI dharma apUrva ane advitIya nathI karato." AvuM mokaLuM mana rAkhIe to ja ApaNe bIjAnA dharmane samajI zakIe. AvI udAratAne ApaNA aMtarAtmAnA tAretAra joDe vaNI na laIe tyAM sudhI te buddhinA pradezathI UMDI UtaravA nahi pAme. ApaNe anya dharmIone samajavA icchatA hoIe, to je kalpanAo ne bhAvanAothI temanI hRdayavINAnA tAra jhaNajhaNI UThatA hoya teno dharmo vaccenA pArasparika Adarano siddhAMta ApaNe tyAM ati prAcInakALathI svIkArAyelo che e muddAnI AnaMdazaMkara dhruve karelI spaSTatA ahIM noMdhapAtra che. "sarva dharmono paraspara Adara hovo joIe e dRSTi kevaLa vartamAnakALamAM ja pragaTa thaI che ema na samajavuM. be hajAra varSa upara mahArAjA azoke AvA saMmelananI ISTatA, ane saMpradAyone paraspara Adara karavAno bodha potAnA zilAlekhomAM prakaTa karyo hato. e kahe che- devAnApriya priyadarzI rAjA vividha dAna ane pUjAthI gRhastha ane saMnyAsI sarva saMpradAyavALAono satkAra kare che. paNa devAnApriyane dAna ane pUjAnI eTalI darakAra nathI jeTalI AvI che ke sarva saMpradAyonA sAratattvanI vRddhi thAya. saMpradAyonA sAranI vRddhi aneka prakAre thAya che, paNa enuM bIja vAsaMyama che; arthAta, loka kevaLa potAnA saMpradAyano Adara kare ane bIjAnA saMpradAyanI akAraNa niMdA na kare.. kema ke koI ne koI kAraNathI sarva saMpradAyano Adara karavo e lokanuM kartavya che. ema karavAthI potAnA saMpradAyanI unnati ane bIjAnA saMpradAyone upakAra thAya che. ethI UlaTuM je kare che e potAnA saMpradAyane paNa hAni pahoMcADe che, ane bIjAnA saMpradAyane paNa apakAra kare che, kAraNa ke je koI khoTA saMpradAyanI bhaktimAM AvIne potAnA saMpradAyanI prazaMsA kare che ane bIjAnA saMpradAyanI niMdA kare che evA vicArathI ke mArA saMpradAyanuM gaurava vadhe e kharuM jotAM potAnA saMpradAyane paNa pUrI hAni pahoMcADe che. samavAya (saMmelana) sAro che, jethI loka ekabIjAnA dharmane dhyAna daIne sAMbhaLe, ane sAMbhaLavAnI IcchA kare samavAyo Uva sAdhu: 7 samIkSA : sarvadharmasamabhAvanI dRSTie karavAmAM AvatA dharmonA tulanAtmaka abhyAsathI nIcenA phAyadAo thAya che : 1. sarvAga saMpUrNa dhArmika jIvanano Adarza kayA kyA dharmamAM keTalI hade ane kevI rIte pragaTa thayo che te spaSTa thAya che. A spaSTatAne pariNAme mANasanI dhArmika cetanAnA

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dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno abhigama 29 uttarottara vikAsanI zakyatA vadhe che. 2. judA judA dharmamAM kaI kaI bAbato zAzvata mUlyavALI che ane kaI kaI bAbatomAM kevI rIte sudhAraNA karavI jarUrI che tenI cokhkhI samaja keLavAya che. Ane pariNAme dhArmika sahiSNutAno saheje udaya thAya che ane dharmAnjatA temaja potAnA dharma aMgenuM mithyA abhimAna nirmaLa thAya che. 3. eka dharmanI sudhAraNAmAM bIjA dharmanAM sArAM tattvo kaI rIte upakAraka thaI zake che tenI jANa thAya che. Ane pariNAme judA judA dharmo vacce AdaranI bhAvanA keLavAya che ane temanA vacceno samanvaya zakya bane che. sarvadharmasamabhAvanI bhAvanAthI karavAmAM AvatA dharmonA tulanAtmaka abhyAsanI uparyukta upayogitA jotAM e spaSTa thAya che ke dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno A abhigama ekadama AvakAradAyaka che ane vartamAna saMdarbhamAM to khAsa anusaravA yogya che. upasaMhAra : dharmanA abhyAsa pratyenA uparanA pAMca abhigamomAMthI pahelA traNa naitika, AdhyAtmika temaja vaijJAnika e traNe daSTie vAMdhAjanaka che, jyAre chellA be abhigamo A badhI daSTie AvakAradAyaka che. AthI dharmo aMgenA A pustakamAM karavAmAM AvelA nirUpaNamAM prathamanA traNa abhigamone TALIne bAkInA be abhigamone anusaravAno yatna karavAmAM Avyo che. 5. dharmanA abhyAsamAM pavitra dharmagraMtho (zAstro)nA abhyAsanuM mahattva : pratyeka dharmamAM amuka graMtha ke graMthone pavitra ane pramANabhUta mAnavAmAM Ave che. jagatanA vidyamAna agiyAra dharmomAMnA pratyekanA pavitra dharmagraMtha ke zAstra aMgenI mAhitI nIcenA koThAmAM ApelI che : [ krama | dharma zAstra hindu dharma zruti ane smRti jaina dharma gaNipiTaka bauddha dharma tripiTaka zIkha dharma guru graMthasAheba ane dazamagraMtha jarathostI dharma chaMda avastA yahUdI dharma jUno karAra khristI dharma bAIbala islAma dharma kurAna tAo dharma tAo-te-ciMga kanphayusa dharma klAsiksa ane buksa 11 | zinjo dharma ko-jI-kI ane nihona-gI T

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30 jagatanA vidyamAna dhamAM dareka dharmanA zAstramAM te dharmanA tAtvika ane naitika siddhAMtonuM varNana kareluM hoya che ane tethI dharmanA abhyAsa mATe zAstrAdhyayana e ghaNuM upayogI sAdhana banI rahe che. zAstranuM adhyayana upayogI hovA uparAMta anivArya paNa che. amuka dharmamAM amuka mAnyatAno svIkAra thayo che ke nahi e bAbatano AkharI ane sarvamAnya nirNaya te dharmanA zAstrane AdhAre ja thaI zake. zAstra sivAyanA AdhAre Avo nirNaya levAmAM Avyo hota to temAM matabheda thaI zake che paNa zAstrane AdhAre karelo nirNaya vivAdano viSaya raheto nathI, kAraNa ke pratyeka dharmanA anuyAyI potAnA dharmazAstrane pavitra ane pramANabhUta gaNe che. Ama, koI paNa dharmanA siddhAMto vize sAcI ane sarvamAnya mAhitI meLavavI hoya to te dharmanA zAstranuM adhyayana anivArya che. koI paNa mANasa anya dharmanA zAstrano abhyAsa kare to tene te dharmanuM jJAna to maLe ja che paNa te uparAMta A abhyAsane lIdhe mANasa potAnA dharmane paNa vadhu sArI rIte samajato thAya che, ane tenAmAM sarvadharmasamabhAvane mATe jarUrI evI dhArmika udAratAno udaya thAya che. mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA zabdomAM A muddAnI spaSTatA karIe. mAruM mAnavuM che ke dareka saMskArI strIpuruSano jagatanA dharmazAstro samabhAvathI vAMcavAno dharma che. jo bIjA ApaNA dharmano Adara kare ema icchIe to ApaNe temanA dharmano paNa tevo ja Adara karavo rahyo, ane Adara karavA mATe jagatanAM dharmazAstrono samabhAvabharyo abhyAsa karavo e pavitra kartavya thaI paDe che. bIjA dharmonA Adarayukta abhyAsathI hiMdudharmazAstra mATenI mArI bhakti ane zraddhA ochI nathI thaI. hA, te dharmapustakonA vAcanathI hiMdudharmazAstranI mArI samaja upara cirasthAyI asara thaI che kharI. jIvana prati mArI daSTi te vAcanane lIdhe vizALa thaI che, e vAcanathI hiMdudharmazAstromAMnA ghaNA agamya bhAgo vadhAre spaSTa rIte huM samajI zakyo chuM."18 dharmanA abhyAsamAM dharmazAstronA abhyAsanA mahattvane samajAvavA uparAMta e abhyAsamAM rAkhavA lAyaka kALajI aMge paNa gAMdhIjIe nIce mujabanI spaSTatA karelI che. "Ama, judA judA dharmagraMthono abhyAsa karatAM-karAvatAM eka vastu dhyAnamAM rAkhavI joIe, eTale ke te te dharmanA prasiddha mANasoe lakhelA graMtho vAMcavAvicAravA joIe mAre bhAgavata vAMcavuM hoya to huM khristI mizanarIe TIkAnI dRSTithI karelo tarajumo na vAMcuM, paNa bhAgavatanA bhakta karelo tarajumo vAMcuM. mAre tarajumAno ullekha karavo paDe che, kema ke ApaNe ghaNA graMtho tarajumA mAraphate ja vAMcIe chIe. tema ja bAIbala vAMcavuM hoya to tenI hiMdue lakhelI TIkA nahi vAMcuM, saMskArI khristIe tene viSe zuM lakhyuM che te vAMcuM. Ama vAMcavAthI ApaNane bIjA dharmono daDhabhAjaka maLI Ave che, ne temAMthI saMpradAyonI pele pAra rahelo je zuddha dharma che tenI jhAMkhI karIe chIe."19

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dharmonA abhyAsa pratyeno abhigama 31 saMdarbhasUci kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, jIvanazodhana (pAMcamI AvRtti), pR. 16-17 rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana (anuvAdaka caM. prA. zukla), pR. 237 3. hiMdu dharmanI sthApanA Izvare pote ja karI hovAnI hiMduonI mAnyatAne lIdhe hiMdu dharmane "apauruSeya' kahevAmAM Ave che. Radhakrishnan, The Report of University Education Commission, P. 294-95 ejana, pR. 300 6. kurAna, pR. 29-46 7. upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA, zIkhadarzana, pR. 196 8. IzopaniSad, pR. 6-7 9. upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA, zIkhadarzana, pR. 228 10. gAMdhIjI, vyApaka dharmabhAvanA, pR. 23-26 91. Solomon Reinach, Orpheus : A General History of Religion, P. 3 12. gAMdhIjI, dharmamaMthana, pR. 1 : 15 13. J. N. Farquhar, The Crown of Hinduism, P. 457-58 14. bhUpatarAya mo. bUca ane DolararAya mo. bUca (anuvAdaka), sarva dharmonI tAttvika ekatA : bhAga 1 ane 2 94. Bhagavan Das, Essential Unity of all Religions, P. 993 16. rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, pR. 18-20 17. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, ApaNo dharma, pR. 711-12 18. gAMdhIjI, dharmamaMthana, pR. 5 : 6 19. ejana, 5 : 8

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prakaraNa-3 hindu dharma ane tenAM zAstro - jayendrakumAra yAjJika 1. hindu dharmanuM prANatattvaH hindu dharma jagatano jUnAmAM jUno ane Aja sudhI vikasato rahelo dharma che. hindu dharma keTalo prAcIna che e praznanA nizcita javAba aMge abhyAsIomAM matabheda che. Ama chatAM itihAsasiddha nirvivAda hakIkta tarIke eTaluM to sau koI svIkAre che ke I.sa. pUrve 3000nA samayathI mAMDIne AjaparyaMta hindu dharme bhAratIya saMskRtinI jALavaNInA kAryane jArI rAkhyuM che. "nyU lAITa oNna dha mosTa ezyanTa IsTa' nAmanA graMthamAM prophesara cAIlve spaSTa karyuM che ke "I.sa. pUrve 3000nA arasAmAM bhAratavarSa je saMskRti laIne misara ane bebIloniyAnI sAme upasthita thayeluM te saMskRti tenI potAnI viziSTa ne svataMtra hatI, ne udyogakaLAmAM te kALanI bIjI saMskRtionI hArohAra UbhI rahI zake evI hatI. bhAratavarSanI bhUmimAM tenI jaDa UMDI UtarelI dekhAya che...e prAcIna kALamAM paNa emAM bhAratavarSanI khAsiyata dekhAI Ave che; ane enA pAyA para ja Adhunika bhAratIya saMskRtinI imArata racAI che." pro. cAIlDa je bhAratIya saMskRtinI vAta kare che te siMdhu nadInA pradezamAM vikaselI hatI. Ama, AjathI lagabhaga pAMca hajAra varSa pahelAM siMdhu nadInA pradezamAM vasatA loko je dharma pALatA hatA te dharma, siMdhu nadInA nAma parathI hindu dharmane nAme vikhyAta thayelo che. te kALathI zarU karIne te vivekAnaMda ane gAMdhIjInA jamAnA sudhI A dharmamAM raheluM sanAtana tattva judI judI paristhiti pramANe judI judI rIte vyakta thatuM rahyuM che. hevile yathArtha lakhyuM che ke bhAratamAM dharmane koI jaDa mata tarIke bhAgye ja svIkAravAmAM Ave che paNa mAnavavartaNUka aMgenI eka kAryasAdhaka dhAraNA tarIke dharmano svIkAra karIne, jIvananI judI judI paristhitio ane AdhyAtmika vikAsanI judI judI kakSAone anukULa Ave e rIte tene ghaTAvavAmAM Ave che." Ane pariNAme hindu dharmanuM sarvadezakALamAM tene lAgu paDe tevuM koI eka lakSaNa ApI zakAtuM nathI. AnaMdazaMkara dhruve yathArtha kahyuM che ke, "hindu dharmanuM lakSaNa bAMdhavA jatAM aneka muzkelIo Ave che. paraMtu A muzkelI te hindu dharmanuM dUSaNa che ema samajavuM

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hindu dharma ane tenAM zAstro 33 nahi. e dUSaNa nathI, paNa bhUSaNa che. jagatanA sarvadharmomAM A muzkelI e enA jIvantapaNAnI ja nizAnI che. prakRtimAM jema vastu UMcI, tema enI saMghaTanAmAM vadhAre jhINavaTa ane gUMca vadhAre tema enuM lakSaNa bAMdhavuM vadhAre muzkela paDe che. hindu dharmanuM koI eka sIdhuMsAduM lakSaNa ApI zakAya tema nathI e hakIktane anulakSIne Do. rAdhAkRSNane hindu dharmanuM nIce pramANe varNana kareluM che : siMdhukAMThAnI prAcIna saMskRtinA AcAravicArathI mAMDIne sadA badalAtI AkAMkSAo ne Tevo, kalpanAo ne rUDhionuM je jaTila ane bahuraMgI paToLuM Aje jovAmAM Ave che tyAM sudhIno, je vikAsa che tenuM nAma hindu dharma che." samAjanI judI judI paristhiti ane vyaktinI judI judI kakSAone anulakSIne aneka rUpe pragaTa thatA rahelA hindu dharme tenA mULa siddhAMtone kAyama mATe TakAvI rAkhyA che. AthI ja tenuM "sanAtana dharma evuM nAma sArthaka che. Ama, jevI rIte bhAratIya saMskRtimAM anekatA chatAM ekatA rahelI che tevI ja rIte hindu dharmamAM paNa vividha rUponI aMdara sanAtana satyonI ekatA jaLavAI rahelI che. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan yathArtha kahe che ke "hindu dharmanA vividha, ane keTalIka vAra ekabIjAno virodha karatA saMpradAyo tarapha najara nAMkhIe, to ApaNane vimAsaNa thAya ke hindu dharma e aneka bhinna bhinna dharmono zaMbhumeLo to nathI? paNa e saMpradAyonI pAchaLa rahelAM AtmaparAyaNa jIvana, dharmaniSThA ane puruSArtha tarapha dhyAna ApIe, to ApaNane temAM ekasUtratA jovA maLe, ne kaMIka akaLa evI ekarUpatA jaDI Ave."" A akaLa ekarUpatA ke hindu dharmanAM sanAtana satyone kaLavAnA prayatnarUpe ApaNe ahIM IzAvAsya upaniSadranA prathama zlokanuM kathana ane vivaraNa karIzuM. A zloka aMge gAMdhIjIe ema kahevuM che ke hindu dharmanAM badhAM zAstro naSTa thaI jAya to paNa jo hinduone IzopaniSadUno pahelo ja zloka barAbara yAda rahI gayo hoya to phakta e eka ja zlokane AdhAre hindu dharma sadA jIvaMta rahI zake tema che. A zloka nIce pramANe che : OM IzA vAsyamidaM sarvam yatkiJca jagatyAM jagat / tena tyaktena bhuJjIthA mA gRdhaH kasyasvidvanam / / artha : Izvara A samagra jagatamAM vyApta che. A jagatanA pratyeka parivartanazIla ane nAzavaMta padArthomAM Izvarano vAsa che. tene tyAgIne bhogavato rahe. koInAye dhanano lobha rAkhIza nahi. vivaraNa: Izvara e eka ja AkharI ane parama sat tattva che. A AkhuM jagata tenI ja abhivyakti che. jagatanA aNue aNumAM e vyApelo che. A jJAna

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34 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo ane temAMthI janmatA Izvara pratyenA bhaktibhAva sAthe mANase jagatano badho vyavahAra karavAno che. eTale ke ahaMbhAva ane Asakti TALIne teNe saMsAramAM jaLakamaLavata rahevAnuM che, ane potAnA sAmAjika sthAna mujabanAM kartavyonuM niSkAmabhAve pAlana karavAnuM che. arthAt teNe saMsArano tyAga karavAnI jarUra nathI, paNa tenA pratyenI daSTi badalavAnI jarUra che. je mANasa AkhA jagatamAM Izvarane jue che ane abhimAna temaja AsaktithI mukta thayo che te mANasa bIjanuM zoSaNa karI ja kevI rIte zake? Ama, jJAna, bhakti ane vairAgyavALo mANasa svAbhAvika rIte bIjAnI koI paNa vastune koI paNa rIte paDAvI levAnA bhraSTAcAra AcaraNathI dUra rahe che. arthAta ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya ane aparigraha jotAM mahAna naitika vratonuM te svabhAvathI ja pAlana kare che. IzopaniSadranA prathama zlokanAM kathana ane vivaraNa parathI spaSTa thAya che ke . jJAna, bhakti, nIti ane vairAgya e cAra aMgavALA dhArmika jIvananA sarvocca Adarzane siddha karavo e hindu dharmanuM mULatattva ke sanAtana satya che. badhA mANaso badhI paristhitimAM A Adarzane anusarI zake nahi e hakIkatane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne hindu dharmamAM "adhikAra (yogyatA) ane "ISTa' (Adarza)no siddhAMta svIkAravAmAM Avyo che. arthAta hindu dharmamAM dareka mANasane potAnI ruci, saMyogo ane yogyatA (adhikAra) pramANe A Adarza (IsTa)ne pAmavAno prayatna karavAnI chUTa ApavAmAM AvelI che. AthI koI hindu IzvaranuM eka nAma ane rUpa kahyuM che, to bIjo tene bIjA nAmarUpathI oLakhe che, to trIjo tene niraMjana nirAkAra kahe che. e ja rIte koI hindu IzvaranI mUrtinI sthULa pUjA kare che to koI mAnasI pUjA kare che, to koI vaLI ema kahe che ke IzvaranuM pUjana karavAnI ja jarUra nathI. A rIte hindu dharmamAM aneka saMpradAyone avakAza maLe che. paNa jo hindu dharmanuM mULatattva jaLavAtuM hoya to temanI vacce koI virodha nathI e vAtanI hindu dharmazAstromAM vAraMvAra spaSTatA karavAmAM AvelI che. dA.ta., 1. RgvadanuM e jANItuM kathana che ke, "satya eka ja che. brahmavettAo tene judI judI rIte varNave che." maitrI upaniSadUmAM kahyuM che ke, "te to eka ja che. e ekanAM ja traNa, ATha, agiyAra, bAra ke agaNita rUpo kalpavAmAM Ave che." gItAmAM bhagavAna zrIkRSNa arjunane kahe che ke, "manuSyo mAre zaraNe jevI rIte Ave che tevI ja rIte huM teone bhajuM chuM (temane phaLa ApuM chuM), kAraNa ke he pArtha ! judI judI sarva rIte manuSyo mArA mArgane ja anusare che." 4. zivamahimnastotramAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, "mANaso rUcinI bhinnatAne lIdhe judA judA mArgane sArA ane narasA mAne che. to paNa, he paramAtmAnuM,

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hindu dharma ane tenAM zAstro 3pa te badhA tArI pAse ja pahoMce che, jema nadIo game tevI vAMkIcUkI cAlIne paNa aMte jaIne to samudrane ja maLe che."10 e kharuM che ke hindu dharmanA lAMbA ItihAsamAM aneka vAra evA prasaMgo banyA che ke tenA A ke te saMpradAyamAM saDo peTho hoya ane tene pariNAme temAM hindu dharmano Adarza bhulAI gayo hoya. paraMtu hindu dharmanuM e sadbhAgya rahyuM che ke AvA prasaMge koI ne koI dharmapuruSa pAke che ane te dhArmika zithilatA ke saDAne dUra karIne hindu dharmamAM navo prANa pUre che. zrI mahAdevane yathArtha lakhyuM che ke, "mahAna dharmasudhArakosatyadRSTAo-no vakhatovakhata thato raheto prAdurbhAva e bhAratanA dhArmika itihAsanI viziSTa lAkSaNiktA rahI che. janasamudAyanI zraddhA ane dharmabhAvanAne punaH cetanavaMtI banAvavI ane temanAmAM ekatA ane hetalakSitAnI bhAvanA preravI e A mahAna dharmasudhArakonuM jIvanadhyeya hoya che. jemaNe pote sarvocca satyano sAkSAtkAra karyo hoya ane pachI pAchA janasamudAyanI vacce AvIne dharmanAM gaurava ane divyaprabhAne temanAM hRdaya sudhI pahoMcADyAM hoya evA tejasvI AdhyAtmika netAo ATalI badhI saMkhyAmAM duniyAnA koI paNa bhAgamAM nathI thayA." Ama, pAMca hajAra varSathIye vadhAre lAMbA tenA itihAsakALa daramiyAna AvelAM aMdaranAM temaja bahAranAM aneka AkramaNonI vacce paNa hindu dharmane sadA jIvaMta rAkhavAmAM jeTalo phALo hindu dharmazAstrono che teTalo ja phALo hindu dharmanA mahAna saMtapuruSono che. hindu dharmanAM zAstromAM dhArmika jIvananA sarvocca AdarzanuM spaSTa nirUpaNa che. paNa e Adarzane potAnA jIvanamAM utArIne aTakI nahIM jatAM, lokonA jIvanamAM paNa e Adarza mUrtimaMta banAvavAno puruSArtha to dharmasudhArako, dharmasaMsthApako, dharmAcAryo ane saMtapuruSoe ja karelo che. AthI ja hindu dharmamAM prAcIna zAstro karatAM pragaTa saMtavANIne ane zAstrAdhyayana karatAM saMtasamAgamane vizeSa mahattva ApavAmAM Ave che. 2. hindu dharmanAM zAstroH ati prAcIna kALathI Aja sudhI sadA jIvaMta rahelI hindu dharma praNAlIne pariNAme hindu dharmanAM aneka zAstro astitvamAM AvelAM che. A zAstrone 1. vedo, 2. vedAMga ane smRtio, 3. itihAso, 4. purANo, 5. Agamo, 6. darzanagraMtho ane 7. saMtavANI A sAta vibhAgamAM vaheMcavAmAM Ave che. A sAta prakAranAM hindu dharmazAstrono anukrame saMkSipta paricaya meLavIe. 1. vedoH vedo hindu dharmanA mULa ane sauthI prAcIna zAstragraMtho che. A graMthone "zruti' tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. "veda eTale jJAna. e jJAnano zabda RSione (paramAtmA pAsethI) aMtarAtmAmAM saMbhaLAyo, tethI enuM bIjuM nAma zruti' che. Ama, vedo e paramAtmA saMbaMdhI jJAnanA graMtho che. vedo cAra che: 1. Rgvada, 2. yajurveda, 3. sAmevada ane 4. atharvaveda. AmAM Rgvada sauthI vadhAre

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36 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo mahattvano ane prAcIna saMgraha che. Ara. I. hyuma kahe che tema, "jagatanA vidyamAna dharmonAM zAstromAM Rgvada e kharekhara sauthI vadhAre prAcIna graMtha che,"13 pratyeka vedamAM 1. saMhitA ke maMtra, 2. brAhmaNa ane 3. AraNyaka tathA upaniSad e traNa vibhAgo hoya che. A traNe vibhAganI anukrame jhAMkhI karIe. 1. saMhitA ke maMtra vibhAga : A vibhAgamAM paramAtmAnI stuti ane prArthanAno samAveza thayelo che. dA.ta., 1. he balavaMta indra ! A atyaMta mIThI vANI vaDe putra pitAnuM vastra jhAle tema huM tAruM jhAluM chuM. 2. mArI vRttio, gAyo emanA vADA pratye vaLe ema uracakSA (sarvane jotA, vizALa netravALA) varuNane icchatI emanA tarapha pAchI vaLe amAro sauthI uparano, vacalo ane nIceno pAza (baMdha) choDa, jethI ame jIvIe.14 (sthULa zarIra, sUkSma zarIra ane kAraNa zarIra e traNa prakAranAM zarIranAM baMdhanamAMthI chUTI AtmA jyAre potAnA saccidAnaMda svarUpano anubhava kare che tyAre ja tene kharA arthamAM jIvana (amaratA)nI prApti thAya che. Ama, A prArthanAnuM hArda che : "mahAmRtyumAMthI amRta samIpe nAtha laI jA.") 2. brAhmaNa vibhAga : A vibhAgamAM "brahma" kahetAM dharma ke nItinuM tattva ane tenI sthULa abhivyaktirUpa yajJanI kriyAonuM varNana Ave che. dA.ta., je koI che te RNa (devuM)vALo ja janme che. e janme che tevo ja devonuM, RSionuM, pitRonuM ane manuSyonuM RNa (davuM) laIne ja janme che : 1. e yajana kare che, kAraNa ke te devanuM RNa laIne janma che. 2. e adhyayana kare che, kAraNa ke te RSio pratye RNa laIne janme che. 3. e prajA icche che, kAraNa ke te pitRonuM RNa laIne janme che. 4. e atithine vAsa ane anna Ape chae, kAraNa ke te manuSyo pratye RNa laIne janme che." zraddhA e patnI che: satya e yajamAna (agnihotrI-pati) che. zraddhA ane satya e uttama joDuM che. zraddhA ane satya e joDA vaDe svargalokane jIte che (prApta kare che.)."15 3. AraNyaka ane upaniSad vibhAga : brAhmaNagraMtho karmapradhAna ke yajJapradhAna che. A graMthomAMthI ApaNe upara ApelAM avataraNo jotAM e spaSTa thaze ke yajJa pAchaLathI dharmabhAvanAthI brAhmaNagraMtho ajANa nathI. Ama chatAM, dharmanA rahasya aMgenuM UMDuM ciMtana to brAhmaNagraMthomAM nahi, paNa AraNyaka ane upanimAM ja jovA maLe

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hindu dharma ane tenAM zAstro 37 che. AraNyakomAM AraMbhAyeluM dharmatattvaciMtana upaniSadomAM tenI parAkASThAe pahoMce che. AthI upaniSadone "vedAnta' (vedano aMta) ne nAme oLakhavAmAM Ave che. upaniSadonI saMkhyA basothI paNa vadhAre che jemAMthI 1. Iza, 2. kena, 3. kaTha, 4. prazna, 5. muMDaka 6. mAMDUkya, 7. taittirIya, 8. aitareya, 9. chAMdogya, 10. bRhadAraNyaka ane 11. zvetAzvetara e khAsa jANItAM che. zaMkarAcArye A agiyAre upaniSadonAM bhASya (arthavivaraNa) lakhelAM che. brahmarSio ane rAjarSione thayelA AtmA ane paramAtmA saMbaMdhI anubhavajJAnanuM upaniSadomAM je varNana che teno thoDo AsvAda laIe. 1. "jIvAtmA ane paramAtmArUpa be pakSIo sAthe rahenArA mitro che, ane eka ja zarIrarUpa vRkSane bheTIne rahyAM che. temAMnuM eka pakSI (jIvAtmA) mIThuM lAgatuM phaLa khAya che, ane bIjuM pakSI (paramAtmA) tene na khAtAM mAtra (sAkSI rUpe) joyA ja kare che."17 2. "je bhUtaprANImAtramAM rahe che, chatAM e sarvathI judo che, jenuM sarva bhUtaprANImAMthI koIneya jJAna nathI, sarvabhUtaprANIo jenuM zarIra che, je sarva bhUtaprANIonI aMdara rahIne temanuM niyamana kare che-e amRta aMtaryAmI (paramAtmA) te tAro AtmA che."18 3. yAjJavalkaye potAnI priya patnI maitrIyIne kahyuM : "kharI rIte jotAM pati tene potAne kAraNe nahi, paNa AtmAne kAraNe priya lAge che. kharI rIte jotAM patnI tene potAne kAraNe nahi paNa AtmAne kAraNe priya lAge che. kharI rIte jotAM sarvabhUtaprANIo temane potAne kAraNe nahi, paNa AtmAne kAraNe priya lAge che. kharekhara je kaMI priya lAge che te badhuM ene potAne kAraNe nahi paNa AtmAne kAraNe priya lAge che. mATe he maitreyI ! AtmAne jovAno che, sAMbhaLavAno che, ciMtavavAno che ane tenuM dhyAna karavAnuM che. vaLI, jyAre kharekhara AtmA dekhAya che, saMbhaLAya che, enuM ciMtavana thAya che ane e rIte enuM jJAna thAya che tyAre badhI vastuonuM jJAna thaI jAya che."19 4. "A AtmA pravacana sAMbhaLavAthI nathI maLato. buddhi dvArA ke vidvatA vaDe paNa te meLavI zakAto nathI. e AtmA jene pasaMda kare che (athavA je e AtmAne pasaMda kare che, tene ja e maLe che; tenI AgaLa ja e AtmA potAnuM svarUpa pragaTa kare che. A AtmA balIna ke kAyara mANasathI meLavI zakAto nathI, temaja ALasu ke bedarakArane paNa e maLato nathI. vaLI, khoTA khyAlovALA tapathI paNa e meLavI zakAto nathI. paraMtu je mANasa vivekapUrvaka A upAyo vaDe yatna kare che teno AtmA brahmadhAmamAM praveza kare che."20 5. "jene meLavyA vinA vANI mananI sAthe pAchI phare che (mana ke vANI jene pAmI zakatAM nathI) te brahmanA AnaMdane jANanAro kyAreya paNa bhaya pAmato nathI."21

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38 jagatanA vidyamAna dhama vedanA uparyukta traNa vibhAgonA viSayonA upara ApelA namUnAo jotAM e spaSTa thaze ke dhArmika jIvananuM lAgaNIgata pAsuM ke bhaktirUpa aMga vaidika saMhitAmAM vyakta thAya che. brAhmaNagraMtho dharmanA kriyAparaka pAsA ke naitika aMgane lagatA che, jayAre AraNyako temaja upaniSado dvArA dhArmika jIvananA jJAnAtmaka pAsAne nyAya maLe che. Ama, e spaSTa thAya che ke paripUrNa dhArmika jIvanamAM bhakti, karma ane jJAna e traNenI AvazyakatA che. A hakIkatane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne vedanA A traNa vibhAgonI racanA thayelI che. AnaMdazaMkara dhruva kahe che tema vedamAM "mULa saMhitA ja hatI. tathApi emAM brAhmaNa, AraNyaka ane upaniSada umerI, sarvane ekatra karI, sarva eka veda yA zrutine nAme parama pramANa mAnavAmAM RSioe dharmanA tattvanuM ghaNuM UMDuM jJAna darzAvyuM che kAraNa ke e traNe bhAgane ekaThA karIne letAM ja dharmanuM pUrepUruM svarUpa baMdhAya che. dharmanAM traNa aMgo che - bhakti, karma ane jJAna; ane te, vedanA A traNa bhAgamAM kramavAra pratIta thAya che.22 2. vedAMga ane smRtioH vedAMga ane smRtiono saMkSipta paricaya ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara dhruve lakhyuM che: "vedano zuddha upacAra karavA mATe, emAM batAvelI yajJanI kriyAo yogya rIte karavA mATe, vagere kAma sAru keTalAMka pustako racavAmAM AvyAM te "vedAMga" kahevAya che. "vedAMga eTale vedanAM aMga yAne sAdhana; vedane madadagAra thanArAM pustako, vedAMga cha che : 1. zikSA (vedanA uccAra karavAnuM zIkhavAra graMtha), 2. kalpa (yajJabhAganI kriyAono vidhi batAvanAra graMtha), 3. vyAkaraNa, 4. chanda, 5. jyotiSa ane 6. nirukta (vedanA zabdonI vyutpatti ApI enA artha karavAnI rIta batAvanAra graMtha)."23 "sarva vedAMgomAM "kalpa yAne kalpasUtra e mukhya che. "kalpa eTale kriyA athavA vidhi; ane "sUtra" eTale alpAkSarI vAkyo. kalpasUtranA traNa varga pADavAmAM Ave che : zrautasUtra, gRhyasUtra ane dharmasUtra. zrautasUtramAM zrutimAM kahelI yajJanI kriyAo zI rIte karavI e batAveluM hoya che. gRhyasUtramAM gharamAM karavAnI dhArmika kriyAono tathA upanayana-vivAhAdi saMskArono vidhi batAvelo che. dharmasUtramAM, mukhyatve karIne, brAhmaNa, kSatriya vagere varNonA tathA brahmacArI, gRhastha vagerenA AzramonA dharmonuM temaja vAraso, leNadeNa vagere duniyAnA vyavahAra tathA kAyadAne lagatI bAbatonuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che.24 dharmasUtromAMthI AgaLa jatAM vizALa smRtio racAI. smRtio ghaNI che, paNa te sarvamAM manu, yAjJavalkaya ane parAzaranI smRtio mukhya ane vizeSa jANItI che."25 pratyeka smRtimAM vyaktigata temaja sAmAjika vyavahArane lagatA niyamo ke kAyadAo ApelA hoya che. A niyamo ke kAyadAo pramANe vyavahAra karavAno dharma sau koIne prApta thato hoI smRtine "dharmazAstrane nAme paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che.

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39 hindu dharma ane tenAM zAstro mana yAjJavalkaya, parAzara vagere aneka dharmajAgrata puruSoe judAM judAM dharmazAstro racyAM che e hakIkatano thoDo khulAso karavo jarUrI che. hindu dharmamAM ema svIkAravAmAM AvyuM che ke amuka naitika siddhAMto zAzvata rIte satya hovA chatAM e naitika siddhAMtone anusaravA mATe mANase potAnA vyaktigata ane sAmAjika vyavahAramAM kayA niyamonuM pAlana karavuM jarUrI che e bAbatano koI nirNaya AkharI hoto nathI. AnuM kAraNa e che ke judA judA dezakALanI judI judI paristhiti pramANe sadAcaraNanA niyamomAM judA judA pheraphAra karavAnI jarUra paDe che. sadAcaraNanA niyamomAM A rItano jarUrI pheraphAra karavAno adhikAra kono? sAmAnya mANasane Avo adhikAra ApavAmAM Ave to teno durupayoga thAya ane samAjamAM naitika aMdhAdhUMdhI phelAya. AthI hindu dharmamAM ArSadRSTA dharmapuruSane ja Avo adhikAra ApavAmAM Avyo che. AvA adhikAranI rUe manu, yAjJavalkaya, parAzara vagere yugapuruSoe IzvarapreraNA ane aMtarAtmAnA avAjane anusarIne lokone yugadharma samajAvavA mATe, lokoe vyaktigata ane sAmAjika vyavahAramAM pALavAnA niyamo ke kAyadAonI spaSTatA karavA mATe smRtio ke dharmazAstronI racanA karelI che. e kahevAnI bhAgye ja jarUra rahe che ke A rIte racAyelAM aneka dharmazAstro ekabIjAthI mULabhUta rIte judAM nathI. mAnavasvabhAva ekasarakho raheto hovAthI mAnavasamAjane badhI paristhitimAM lAgu paDe evA keTalAka mULabhUta niyamo ke kAyadAo badhAM dharmazAstromAM samAnapaNe jovA maLe che. Ama, kALakrame jemAM anivAryapaNe pheraphAra karavo paDe tevA niyamonI bAbatamAM ja eka yuganuM dharmazAstra bIjA yuganA dharmazAstrathI juduM paDe che. 3. ItihAsoH smRtio ke dharmazAstromAM ApavAmAM AvelA sadAcaraNanA niyamonuM jJAna bahujanasamudAya sudhI pahoMcADavuM hoya to temane naitika bodha maLI rahe tevI temaja vAstavika jIvanamAM mArgadarzaka thaI paDe tevI vArtAo kahevI joIe. mahAna puruSonAM jIvanacaritrone lagatI A rItanI vArtAo dvArA sadAcaraNanuM jJAna ApanArAM hindu dharmazAstrone ItihAso kahe che. AvA ItihAsamAM 1. rAmAyaNa ane 2. mahAbhArata e be mahAkAvyono samAveza thAya che. 1. rAmAyaNa : rAmAyaNanA mULa lekhaka Adyakavi maharSi vAlmIki che. temAM maryAdA puruSottama (sadAcaraNanA niyamarUpa dharmanI maryAdAmAM rahenAra uttama puruSa) sUryavaMzI rAmanI kathA che. AnaMdazaMkara dhruva kahe che tema rAmAyaNamAM "gRhadharma ane rAjadharmano uttama upadeza che. gharamAM sau kuTumbIoe paraspara kevA snehathI vartavuM joIe e judA judA dAkhalA laIne batAvyuM che. pitAnA vacana khAtara putra rAme vanavAsa svIkAryo; patnIe patinA sukhe sukhI ane duHkhe duHkhI thavuM joIe tethI sItAjI rAma sAthe vanavAsa gayAM; bhAI lakSmaNe vanamAM temaja rAvaNa sAme yuddhamAM

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40 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo rAmanI sevA karI; bIjA bhAI bharate moTA bhAIno hakka vicArI sAmI AvatI lakSmIne Thokara mArI, nAnA bhAI tarIke potAnI pharaja hatI te ja bajAvI. rAma adharmane uttejana Ape che evI eka duSTa prajAjanane zaMkA thaI, e zaMkAne paNa avakAza rahevo na joIe teTalA mATe rAme ugra rAjadharma pALyo ane sItAno tyAga karyo. chatAM pati tarIke emano enA upara avicaLa prema hato, e azvamegha yajJa vakhate, pharI na paraNatAM, sItAjInI sonAnI mUrti pAse rAkhIne pote calAvI lIdhuM eTalAthI jaNAI AvyuM. rAmanI pitRbhakti ane rAjadharma, emanI kartavyaniSThA ane eka patnIvrata hindudharmanA itihAsamAM kadI bhulAvAnAM nathI." 2. mahAbhArataH mahAbhAratanI racanA vyAsa munie karelI che. temAM caMdravaMzI bharatakuLamAM janmelA kauravo ane pAMDavono itihAsa che. emAM rAmAyaNa karatAM kuTumbajALa vizeSa che, ane kuTumbIo svArthane mATe kevo anyAya kare che, kalahamAM Utare che ityAdi gharasaMsAranI kALI bAju pUrepUrI batAvI che. te ja sAthe enI ujaLI bAju paNa batAvavI bAkI rAkhI nathI. judA judA svabhAvanA bhAIo paNa saMpathI kevA ekatra rahI zake, ane pAsenAM bIjAM sagAsaMbaMdhIo sAthe kevo snehabharyo saMbaMdha rAkhI zake, te pAMDavonA mAMhomAMhenA ane kRSNa sAthenA saMbaMdhamAM batAvyuM che paNa te uparAMta, A graMthanI moTI khUbI e che ke dareka manuSyamAM guNa ane doSa kevA bhaLelA hoya che, ane tethI manuSyasvabhAvanA kevA judA judA namUnAo bane che e emAM bahu rasika ane abhuta rIte batAvyuM che ane AkhI vArtAmAMthI e sAra kADhI Apyo che ke " to gharmastato gaya:'- jyAM dharma tyAM ja jaya." paNa A mukhya vArtA uparAMta mahAbhAratamAM bIjI asaMkhya vArtAo Ave che. yudhiSThira vagere pAMDavo dezavaTo bhogavI vanamAM phare che tyAM emane aneka RSio ane jJAnIono meLApa thAya che ane emane mukhethI teo aneka rAjAonAM ane strIpuruSonAM sukhaduHkhamAM caritro sAMbhaLe che, ane vividha viSayo upara upadeza pAme che. A sivAya mahAbhAratamAM bIje ghaNe prasaMge dharma ane tattvajJAnanA upadezo AvyA kare che. zrImad bhagavadgItAmAM zrIkRSNa arjunane je upadeza karyo che te mahAbhAratanuM prakaraNa che. vaLI, bhISma pitAmaha ghavAIne bANazayyA upara paDyA paDyA sau zrotAjanone rAjadharma, strIdharma, mokSadharma vagere viSayo upara bahu amUlya upadeza Ape che. mahAbhAratamAM dharma saMbaMdhI eTaluM badhuM jJAna bharyuM che ke hindu dharmanuM bIjuM koI pustaka vAMcI na zako ane mahAbhArata vAMco to te basa thAya. ene viSe yogya kahevAyuM che ke, "je AmAM che te ja bIje che, ane je AmAM nathI te bIje koI ThekANe nathI."27 Ama, upendrarAya sAMDesarAe mahAbhAratanuM mUlya darzAvatAM yathArtha lakhyuM che ke 'virATa' zabdanA tamAma arthone sArthaka karato, vyApakamAM vyApaka jIvanadarzana karato ane karAvato e mahattama "graMthasAgara' che."28 mahAbhAratano mahimA samajAvatAM gAMdhIjIe paNa kahyuM che ke, "mahAbhAratane koI upamA ApavI hoya to te gaNyAgAMThyAM

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hindu dharma ane tenAM zAstro 41 suMdara javAhirovALI koI tijorInI sAthe na ApI zakAya, paNa koI akhUTa khANa sAthe ja sarakhAvI zakAya ke jene jema jema UMDe khodIe tema tema temAMthI kImatI javAhira nIkaLatAM jAya.29 bhagavadgItA : mahAbhAratamAM tarata dhyAna kheMcatAM ratnomAM bhagavadgItA sarvazreSTha che, bhagavadgItA e mahAbhAratanA bhISmaparvano eka bhAga che. saMskRta sAhityanuM e sarvathI adhika lokapriya dharmakAvya che. viliyama phona habolTe kahyuM che, "jagatanI koI paNa jANItI bhASAmAM enAthI adhika suMdara tattvaciMtanavALuM kAvya bIjuM nathI; athavA kaho ke jagatamAM kharekharuM tattvaciMtanavALuM e eka ja kAvya che, ne eno joTo kyAMye zodhyo jaDe ema nathI."30 gItAnA upadezanuM mULa upaniSado che. paraMtu DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan kahe che tema gItAkAre joyuM ke mANasonAM manamAM naryA tarkane vize umaLako ke utsAha upajAvavAno prayAsa nakAmo che. eTale emaNe mukhya AdhAra to upaniSadono lIdho, paNa emAM upAsanA, bhakti ke prapattinA je aMzo hatA tene bahAra kheMcI kADhyA; ane tenI sAthe lokapriya devakathAo ne rASTrIya kalpanAnI meLavaNI karI. tene ekarasa banAvI, temAMthI jIvananuM eka akhaMDadarzana upajAvyuM."35 gItAno upadeza eTalo badho sArvatrika che ke te sarva prakAranA sAdhakone sarva prakAranI paristhitimAM jarUrI mArgadarzana pUruM pADI zake che. AthI ja gAMdhIjIe gItAne "kAmadhenu'nI upamA ApI che ane kahyuM che ke muzkelIo ane mUMjhavaNonA seMkaDo prasaMgoe potAne gItAmAMthI mArgadarzana maLI rahyuM che. gItAe temane A aMge nirAza karyA hoya tevo eka paNa prasaMga nathI ema jaNAvatI vakhate gAMdhIjIe sAthe sAthe evI spaSTatA paNa karI che ke A "kAmadhenu' pAsethI kImatI dUdha meLavavA mATe tenA bhaktibhAvapUrvakanA adhyayananI AvazyakatA che. 4. purANo : itihAsonI jema purANo paNa bahujanasamudAya mATenAM lokabhogya zAstro che. itihAsonuM mukhya lakSya naitika bodha che, jyAre purANomAM jJAna, vairAgya ane bhaktinuM prAdhAnya che. Ama, itihAso ane purANo dvArA jJAna, bhakti, nIti ane vairAgya e dhArmika jIvananAM cAre aMgono upadeza maLI raheto hoI, temanA samUhane "pAMcamo veda' (paMcamo veda) kahevAmAM Ave che. | mukhya purANo aDhAra che. upa-purANonI saMkhyA paNa eTalI ja che. skaMdapurANamAM gaNAvavAmAM AvelAM aDhAra mukhya purANonAM nAma A pramANe che : 1. brahmapuraNa, 2. padmapurANa, 3. viSNupurANa, 4, zivapurANa, 5. bhAgavatapurANa, 6. bhaviSyapurANa, 7. nAradapurANa, 8, mArkaMDeyapurANa, 9, agnipurANa, 10. brahmavaivartapurANa, 11. liMgapurANa, 12. varAhapurANa, 13. skandapurANa, 14. vAmana purANa, 15. kurmapurANa, 16. matsyapurANa, 17. garuDapurANa ane 18. brahmAMDapurANa A badhAM purANomAM zrImad bhAgavatapurANa sauthI vadhAre pracalita che.

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42 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo sagAMsaMbaMdhIo ane mitramaMDaLone teDAvIne hinduo avAranavAra tenuM "saptAha (sAta divasa cAlatuM bhAgavatanuM pArAyaNa ke tenI kathA) ujave che. bhAgavatanA upadezano thoDo AsvAda laIe. 1. "sarva bhUta (prANI)mAtramAM je bhagavAnanuM svarUpa jue che, ane bhagavAnamAM je bhUtamAtrane jue che e uttama bhAgavata (bhagavAnano bhakta) jANavo, Izvara, Izvarane AdhIna evA bhakto, ajJAnIo ane zatruo--eo pratye je (kramavAra) prema, maitrI, dayA ane upekSAnI bhAvanA rAkhe che e madhyama bhAgavata, ane je zraddhA vaDe mAtra mUrtimAM ja bhagavAnanI pUjA kare che-enA bhaktomAM nahi, ane anya prANImAtramAM paNa nahi- e prAkRta (sAdhAraNa, kaniSTha) bhAgavata lekhAya che."34 2. "brAhmaNa game tevo vidvAna hoya paNa te jo dInajanonI upekSA kare to enI vidyA sarI jAya che-bhAMgelA vAsaNamAMthI pANI sarI jAya tema."35 3. rattideve kahyuM: "huM Izvara pAse aSTa mahAsiddhivALI evI paramagati athavA to pharI janma nahi evo mokSa mAgato nathI; sarva dehadhArIonA aMtaramAM rahIne emanuM duHkha huM pAmuM ke jethI teo duHkhamukta thAya. jIvavAnI icchAvALA dina jaMtuone jaLa ApIne jivADavAthI mArAM sudhA, tRSA, mahenata, thAka, dInatA, glAni, zoka, viSAda, moha saghaLAM TaLI gayAM che."36 4. "kAyA vaDe, vANI paDe, mana vaDe, indriyo vaDe, buddhi vaDe, AtmA vaDe, vA anuta svabhAva vaDe je je karmo kare che te saghaLAM parama nArAyaNane samarpaNa karavAM."37 5. "mokSanA adhipatirUpa bhagavAna harimAM jenI bhakti che evA amRtanA sAgaramAM ramanArAne nAnAM khAbociyAMnAM pANInuM zuM kAma ?"38 5. Agamo : smArTa hinduo (hindu dharmanA koI peTAsaMpradAyamAM nahi mAnanAra paNa mAtra smRtinA dharmane pALanAra evA hinduo) 1. ziva, 2. viSNu, 3. sUrya, 4. gaNapati ane 5. zakti (mAtAjI) e "pAMca devanAM Ayatana kahetAM raheThANa, sthAna vA mUrti enI pUjA kare che. deva e ja che, paNa te pAMca raheThANamAM prakaTa thaI pAMca judAM judAM nAma pAme che; tethI te paMcadeva na kahevAtAM "paMca Ayatana kahevAya che."39 A pAMca AyatanomAMnA koIpaNa ekane parabrahma ke paramAtmA tarIke kalpIne tenI bhakti ane upAsanAno vidhi darzAvanAra zAstrone Agamo kahe che. Ama, hindu dharmamAM pAMca prakAramAM vaheMcI zakAya evA aneka Agamo racAyA che : 1. zaiva Agamo, 2. vaiSNava Agamo, ke pAMcarAtra saMhitAo, 3. saura Agamo, 4. gANapatya Agamo ane pa. zAkta Agamo ke taMtro. ziva, viSNu, sUrya, gaNapati ane zaktinA upAsako.40 potapotAnA saMpradAyanA Agamone veda ane upaniSada jeTalA ja pramANabhUta mAne che. temanA mata pramANe, "jUnuM vedasAhitya karmakAMDa dvArA

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hindu dharma ane tenAM zAstro 43 mAtra svargAdi bhoganAM sAdhanonuM svarUpa samajAve che, athavA jJAnakAMDa dvArA kevaLa mokSanuM svarUpa ane sAdhana darzAve che. paMratu pAMcamuM AgamasAhitya bhoga ane mokSanI ekavAkyatA karI kramapUrvaka vyavahArasukha ane paramArthasukha ApI zake che."41 6. darzanagraMthoH jagata, jIva ane IzvaranAM svarUpa ane temanA eka bIjA sAthenA saMbaMdha aMgenI tAttvika vicArasaraNIne hindu dharmamAM darzana kahe che. AvAM darzano ja che. tethI temane "Sadarzana' evuM nAma apAyuM che. padarzanamAMnuM pratyeka darzana veda ane upaniSane pramANabhUta mAne che, paNa temanA siddhAMtonI samajUtI potapotAnI rIte tarka laDAvIne Ape che. pratyeka darzananA racayitAe te darzananA sUtragraMthanI racanA karI che. A sUtra para anekAneka bhASyo, TIkAo ane pariTIkAo lakhAyAM che ane e rIte pratyeka darzanane lagatuM vipula dArzanika sAhitya astitvamAM AvyuM che. padarzanonAM nAma anetemanAM mukhya pratipAdano nIce pramANe che : 1. vaizeSika darzana : vaizeSika sUtranI racanA maharSi kaNAde karelI che. vaizeSika darzane ApaNA anubhavamAM AvatA tamAma viSayone "sAta padArthomAM vaijJAnika dRSTie vargIkRta karyA che ane evo paramANuvAdI mata sthApyo che ke ApaNA zarIra sahitanA A jagatanA tamAma bhautika padArtho pRthvI, jaLa, teja ane vAyunA paramANuonA AkAzamAM thayelA saMyojanathI banelA che. Ama, ApaNuM zarIra paMcabhUtanuM baneluM che ane ApaNuM mana temaja AtmA tenAthI bhinna che e vaizeSika darzanano tattvabodha che. 2. nyAyadarzanaH maharSi gautama nyAyasUtranA racayitA che. nyAyadarzanamAM jJAna meLavavAnAM sAdhano (pramANe)no vicAra vizeSarUpe thayelo che. Ama, nyAyadarzana e bhAratIya tarkazAstra ane jJAnamImAMsA che. A uparAMta, paramANuomAMthI A sRSTinI racanA karanAra IzvaranuM astitva sAbita karavAno prayatna paNa nyAyadarzanamAM karavAmAM Avyo che. 3. sAMkhyadarzana sAMkhyadarzananA racayitA kapilamuni hovAnuM manAya che; joke IzvarakRSNanI sAMkhya-kArikA e sAMkhyadarzanano sauthI prAcIna sulabha graMtha che. sAMkhyadarzananA mata pramANe ApaNA zarIra sahitanA A jagatanA badhA padArtha 1. sattva, 2. rajas ane 3. tamasa e traNa guNo dharAvatI jaDa prakRtimAMthI banelA che. ApaNuM zarIra paMcabhUtanuM baneluM che e vaizeSika darzanano mata sAMkhyadarzanane mAnya che, paNa vizeSamAM sAMkhyadarzanane ema kahevAnuM che ke ApaNuM zarIra temaja mana vattAochA pramANamAM sattvaguNI, rajoguNI ane tamoguNI hoya che, ane tene pariNAme te sukha, duHkha ane mohano anubhava kare che. ApaNA svabhAvane vadhAre ne vadhAre sattvaguNI banAvavo ane Akhare triguNAtIta evA zuddha jJAnasvarUpa AtmAno anubhava karavo e sAMkhyanA mate jIvananuM parama dhyeya che.

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44 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 4. yogadarzanaH maharSi pataMjalie yogasUtranI racanA karelI che. sAMkhyadarzane triguNAtmaka zarIra ane manathI zuddha jJAnasvarUpa AtmA judo che ema jaNAvI AtmAanAtmAnA vivekane jIvanadhyeya gaNAvyuM. A dhyeyane pAmavAnI paddhati yogadarzanamAM batAvavAmAM AvI che. A paddhati 1. yama, 2. niyama, 3. Asana, 4. prANAyAma, 5. pratyAhAra, 6. dhAraNA, 7, dhyAna ane 8. samAdhi e ATha aMgavALI hovAthI te "aSTAMga yoga' tarIke suvikhyAta che. jemane samAdhi sudhI pahoMcI AtmasAkSAtkAra karavo na hoya tevA lokone paNa zarIra ane mananA svAthya mATe yoganAM prathama pAMca aMga khUba ja upayogI che e vAtano svIkAra Adhunika vijJAnIo paNa karatA thayA che. yoganI A upayogitAne lIdhe yuropa ane amerikAnA bhautika dRSTie khUba AgaLa vadhelA dezomAM paNa yogazikSaNano pracAra vadhato jAya che ane te aMgenAM vaijJAnika saMzodhano vadhAre ne vadhAre vega pakaDI rahyAM che. pa. pUrvamImAMsA darzana : jaiminI RSie pUrvamImAMsA sUtranI racanA karelI che. vedanA brAhmaNa vibhAgamAM AvatI yajJayAgAdi kriyAone lagatA temaja bIjA vidhiniSedho samajAvIne karmakAMDa temaja nItidharmanuM pratipAdana karavuM e pUrvamImAMsA darzananuM mukhya prayojana che. AthI A darzanane karmamImAMsA' temaja "dharmamImAMsA'ne nAme paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. AtmA ane paramAtmAnAM jJAna ane bhaktino adhikAra dharmanuM AcaraNa karyA pachI ja maLato hoI, dharmamImAMsAnuM 'pUrvamImAMsA' nAma sArthaka che. 6. uttaramImAMsA darzana : A darzananA sUtrakAra bAdarAyaNa vyAsa che. "dharmamImAMsA'mAM upadezelo dharma jIvanamAM utAryA pachI AtmA ane paramAtmAnAM svarUpa ane saMbaMdha aMge vicAra thaI zake che tethI A darzananuM "uttaramImAMsA' evuM nAma sArthaka che. uttaramImAMsAne "brahmamImAMsA' ane "vedAntane nAme paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. zaMkarAcArya, rAmAnujAcArya vagere vedAMtanA AcAryoe potapotAnuM vedAntadarzana ApIne AtmA ane paramAtmAnAM svarUpa ane saMbaMdha aMgenA vicAronuM pratipAdana kareluM che. Ama, vedAMtanA AcAryo aneka che ane tethI vedAMtadarzano paNa aneka che. A pachInA prakaraNamAM hindu dharmanI tAttvika mAnyatAnuM nirUpaNa karatI vakhate ApaNe vedAntanA vividha AcAryonA matanI spaSTatA karIzuM. | 7. saMtavANIH cha prakAranAM hindu dharmazAstronI ApaNe atyAra sudhImAM jhAMkhI karI. A badhAM zAstrone saMkhyAnI temaja vAstavika dhArmika jIvana paranI prabhAvakatAnI daSTie jhAMkhA pADI de eTaluM badhuM vipula ane prabhAvaka dhArmika sAhitya hindu dharmanA saMtapuruSoe raceluM che. atyAra sudhImAM gaNAvelA badhA zAstragraMtho saMskRta bhASAmAM che ane tethI temanA vAcana mATe kAM to paMDita pAse kathA karAvavI paDe athavA

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hindu dharma ane tenAM zAstro 45 kevaLa anuvAdathI calAvI levuM paDe. AthI UlaTuM, vacanAmRto rUpe, AkhyAno rUpe ke bhajano rUpe maLatI saMtavANI lokabhASAmAM ja hoya che ane tethI lokone temAMthI dhArmika jIvanane lagatuM mArgadarzana ane preraNA saraLatAthI maLI rahe che. A uparAMta saMtonI vANI je te jamAnAnI vANI hoya che temaja temAM jIvananA anubhavano sAco arka hoya che. Ane lIdhe paNa saMtonI vANI parokSa zAstronA upadeza karatAM vadhAre prastuta ane coTadAra banI rahe che. AthI ja hindu dharmamAM judA judA prAMtonI lokabhASAmAM lakhAyelI saMtonI anubhavavANIne saMskRtamAM lakhAyelA bIjA zAstragraMtho jeTalI ja pavitra ane pramANabhUta gaNavAmAM Ave che. bhAratavarSanA prAMte prAMte thaI gayelA, saMtavANIrUpa zAstronA racayitA saMtapuruSomAM rAmAnaMda, kabIra, nAnaka, dAdu, tulasIdAsa, suradAsa, jJAnadeva, nAmadeva, tukArAma, rAmadAsa, akho, narasiMha mahetA, mIrAMbAI, zrI svAminArAyaNa, rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa, vivekAnaMda, ramaNa maharSi, zrI araviMda ane vinobA bhAvenAM nAmo itihAsaprasiddha che. uparyukta saMtonAM vacanAmRto, kathAmRto, upaniSadU, gItA, bhAgavata vagere paranAM pravacano temaja bhajanomAMthI aneka hindu sAdhakone uttamottama dhArmika jIvana mATenI preraNA ane mArgadarzana maLI rahe che e hakIkatane anulakSIne pro. mahAdevane yathArtha ja lakhyuM che ke "jo hindu dharmanA hArdabhUta siddhAMtoe A vizALa dezanA chellAmAM chellA ane nIcAmAM nIcA mANasanA gharanI aMdara ukheDI na zakAya eTalI UMDI jaDa ghAlI hoya to temAM lokonI bhASAmAM lakhAyelAM bhaktipradhAna kAvyo (bhajano)no phALo nAnosUno nathI." A badhAM vacanAmRto ane bhajanone "veda"ne nAme oLakhI zakAya. "kAraNa ke zuM vede pote ja evI ghoSaNA nathI karI ke vedo ghaNA che, anaMta che (naMtA vai vevAda) 242

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46 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo saMdarbhasUci 1. rAdhAkRSNanuM, hindu dharma, pR.157 2. E. B. Havell, The History of Aryan Rule in India, P. 900 (Quoted by T.M.P. Mahadevan, Outlines of Hinduism P.93) 3. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, hiMda veda dharma, pR. 5 4. rAdhAkRSNanuM hiMdu dharma, pR. 161 5. ejana, pR. 154 6. harijana, jAnyuArI, 30, 137 7. Rgvada, 1:164: 46 8. maitrI upaniSada, 4: 5 9. gItA, 4 : 11 10. zivamahimnastotra 99. T.M.P. Mahadevan, Outlines of Hinduism, P.22. 12. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 1 43. R. E. Hume, The World's Living Religion, P. 22. 14. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 13-22 15. ejana, pR. 23-26 16. Radhakrishnan and C. A. Moore (editors), A Source Book in Indian Philosophy, P. 30 17. tAjetara upaniSad 3 : 6 18. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSaduM, 3 : 7 : 15 19. ejana, 4 : 5 : 6 20. munDaka upaniSaduM, 3 : 2 : 3-4 21. taittirIya upaniSa6, 2 : 4 22. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, hiMdu veda dharma, pR. 12

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hindu dharma ane tenAM zAstro 47 23. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 37 24. ejana, pR. 40 25. ejana, pR. 37-41 26. ejana, 49-50 27. ejana, pR. 50-51 28. jJAnagaMgotrI zreNI-17, sAhityadarzana (bhAratIya-2), pR. 64 29. gAMdhIjI, yaravaDAnA anubhava (bIjI AvRtti), pR. 71 rAdhAkRSNanuM, gItAdarzana, pR. 17-18 31. ejana, pR. 22 32. M. K. Gandhi, Hindu Dharma, P. 41. J. N. Sinha, The Foundations of Hinduism, 445291 iv AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 75-76 ejana, pR. 76 , AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, hiMdu veda dharma, pR. 262 ejana, pR. 262 38. ejana, pR. 263 ejana, pR. 276 T.M.P. Mahadevan, Outlines of Hinduism 4452131 viii narmadAzaMkara de. mahetA, zAkta saMpradAya (bIjI AvRtti), pR. 25 82. T.M.P. Mahadevan, Outlines of Hinduism, P. 36 34. 41.

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prakaraNa-4 hindu dharmanA tAtvika siddhAMto - jayendrakumAra yAjJika 1. paramAtmAnuM ke IzvaranuM svarUpaH hindu dharmamAM paramAtmAnAM be svarUpa svIkAravAmAM AvyAM che : 1.saguNa ane 2.nirguNa. A baMne svarUpa eka ja paramAtmAnAM che ane tethI paramAtmAnA svarUpano saMpUrNa khyAla meLavavA mATe A baMne viSe spaSTatA karavAnI AvazyaktA che. 1. paramAtmAnuM saguNa svarUpaH paramAtmAnA saguNa svarUpanuM nAma "bhagavAna" che. bhagavAna eTale parama pavitra ane aizvaryavAna. enAM aizvaryonuM saMkSepamAM varNana karavuM hoya to kahI zakAya ke te sarvazaktimAna che, sarvavyApI che ane sarvajJa che. paramAtmA sarvazaktimAna che ema kahevAno mAtra eTalo ja artha nathI ke tenI zaktine koI maryAdA nathI. paramAtmAnA sarvazaktimAnapaNAno artha evo paNa thAya che ke A jagatamAM jyAM jyAM je je prakAranI zakti dekhAya che te badhI paramAtmAnI ja che. AthI ja paramAtmA ke puruSottama gItAmAM spaSTa kahe che ke, je koI sattvamAM kAMI lakSmI,vIrya, vibhUti vA, jANa te saghaLuM mArA tejanA aMzathI thayuM." sarvazaktimAna hovA uparAMta paramAtmA sarvavyApI che. arthAt te sarvano aMtaryAmI ane niyAmaka che. gItAkAranA zabdomAM kahIe to, pRthvImAM praveza karIne mArI zaktithI huM prANIone dhAraNa karuM chuM, ane raso utpanna karanAra candra thaI badhI vanaspationuM poSaNa karuM chuM. jaTharAgni banI prANIonA dehano Azraya laI huM prANa ane apAna vAyu vaDe cAre prakAranuM anna pacAvuM chuM. huM badhAMnA hRdayane viSe rahelo chuM." sarvazaktimAna, sarvAntaryAmI ane sarvaniyAmaka paramAtmA sarvajJa to hovA ja joIe, kAraNa ke je sarvajJa na hoya te sarvanA aMtaramAM rahIne sarvanuM niyamana kevI rIte karI zake? sarvazaktimAna, sarvavyApI ane sarvajJa paramAtmA tamAma mUlyonuM adhiSThAna che. eTale ke satyam, zivam ane suMdaram jevA guNo tenAmAM paripUrNa

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hindu dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto 49 mAtrAmAM rahelA che. rAmAnujAcArye emanA "zrIbhASyamAM e matanuM khAsa pratipAdana karyuM che ke "paramAtmA tamAma apUrNatAothI mukta che ane tenAmAM tamAma kalyANakArI guNo rahelA che." anaMta kalyANakArI guNoyukta saMpUrNa vyaktitva dharAvanAra paramAtmA A jagatanAM utpatti, sthiti ane pralayanuM kAraNa che. jagatanA sarjaka tarIke paramAtmA brahmA'ne nAme, jagatanA pAlanahAra tarIke paramAtmA "viSNune nAme ane jagatano pralaya karanAra tarIke paramAtmA "maheza'ne nAme oLakhAya che. Ama, 1. brahmA, 2. viSNu ane 3. maheza e "trimUrti eka ja paramAtmAnAM traNa judA judAM kAryone anulakSIne apAyelAM nAma che. viSNupurANa spaSTa zabdomAM kahe che ke "bhagavAna janArdana to eka ja che. te sRSTinuM sarjana karatAM brahmA, pAlana karatAM viSNu ane nAza karatAM ziva nAma dhAraNa kare che.4 brahmA, viSNu ane maheza e traNa nAmo anukrame paramAtmAnI rajoguNapradhAna sarjakazakti, sattvaguNapradhAna poSakazakti ane tamoguNapradhAna saMhArakazaktinAM sUcaka che. sattva, rajasa ane tamasa e traNa guNa dharAvanAra paramAtmAnI zaktine mAyA ke prakRtine nAme paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. zvetAzvetara upaniSada kahe che ke "mAyAne tuM jagatanA kAraNarUpa prakRti jANa, ane mAyAzaktivALA paramAtmAne mahezvara jANa. te mahezvaranA avayavo vaDe ja A samagra jagata vyApta che. AthI hindu dharmamAM ema paNa kahevAmAM Ave che ke paramAtmAnI mAyA e A jagatanuM kAraNa che. Ama, keTalIka vAra brahmA, viSNu ane maheza e trimUrtinI bhASAmAM to keTalIka vAra mAyA ke prakRtinI bhASAmAM A jagatanI utpatti, sthiti ane pralayano khulAso karavAmAM Ave che. paNa A baMne prakAranI bhASAno artha eka ja thAya che ane te e ke paramAtmA eka ja che ane te eka paramAtmAne kAraNe ja A jagatanI utpatti, sthiti ane pralaya zakya bane che. gItAkAranA zabdomAM "AkhA jagatanAM utpatti ane layanuM kAraNa huM chuM. he dhanaMjaya ! mArA karatAM para evuM bIjuM kaMI nathI. jema sUtramAM maNakA parovAyelA hoya che tema A badhuM (vizva) mArAmAM parovAyeluM che." hetuvAdaH ahIM svAbhAvika rIte e prazna udbhave che ke paramAtmA sRSTinI utpatti, sthiti ane pralayanuM kArya zA mATe kare che? paramAtmA nityatRpta ane paripUrNa tattva che ane tethI sRSTine lagatI paramAtmAnI pravRttio temanA potAnA svArtha mATe hoI zake ja nahi. A muddAnI samajUtI ApatAM zrI svAminArAyaNe lakhyuM che ke evA je bhagavAna tene A jagatanI utpatti ane sthitinuM karavuM che te kAMI potAne arthe nathI, kAM je zrImad bhAgavatamAM kahyuM che je "buddhindriyamanaHprANAn janAnAmasRjatprabhuH / mAtrArthaM ca bhavArthaM ca hyAtmane'kalpanAya ca // "

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5O jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo A zlokamAM ema kahyuM che je "sarve jananAM buddhi, indriyo, mana ane prANa tene bhagavAna je te sUjatA havA te jIvane viSaya bhogane arthe tathA janmane arthe tathA lokAMtaramAM javAne arthe tathA mokSane arthe sRjyAM che. mATe A jagatanI utpatti kare che te paNa jIvanA kalyANane arthe kare che ane sthiti kare che te paNa jIvanA kalyANane arthe kare che ane laya kare che te paNa jIvane arthe kare che, kAM je nAnA prakAranI saMskRtie karIne thAkyA je jIva tenA vizrAmane arthe laya kare che."7 : jIvonuM kalyANa e paramAtmAnI jagatane lagatI pravRttiono hetu hoI, hetuvAda e hindu dharmano jagata aMgeno siddhAMta che. hetuvAda uparAMta jagata aMgenA hindu siddhAMtane ghaNIvAra mAyAvAda ke lIlAvAda tarIke paNa samajAvavAmAM Ave che. mAyAvAda : paramAtmA potAnI triguNAtmaka prakRti ke mAyAmAMthI jagatanuM sarjana vagere pravRttio kare che ane e pravRttione temanA potAnA svArtha ke svarUpa sAthe kazo saMbaMdha nathI. tethI ema kahI zakAya ke A jagata e paramAtmAnI mAyA che. A thayo mAyAvAda. (mAyAnA be artha che : 1. paramAtmAnI zakti ane 2. aMtima tAttvika dRSTie mithyA. A jagata paramAtmAnI mAyAzaktine AbhArI che ane paramAtmA mATe tenuM koI aMtima mUlya nathI ema jaNAvato mAyAvAda mAyA zabdanA A baMne arthane AvarI le che.) zaMkarAcArya mAyAvAdanA suvikhyAta pratipAdaka che. lIlAvAda : hindu dharmanI mAnyatA pramANe paramAtmAne A jagatane lagatI pravRttio karIne koI svArtha siddha karavAno nathI. Ama chatAM paramAtmA A pravRttio kare che ane e dvArA paNa potAnA svAbhAvika AnaMdane meLave che. koI paNa UNapa pUrI karavAnuM ke svArtha sAdhavAnuM jenuM prayojana na hoya tevI AnaMdadAyaka pravRttinuM mAnavajIvanamAMthI koI sarasa udAharaNa maLI zake che? e praznano vicAra karatAM hindu dharmatattvamImAMsakone ema lAgyuM che ke ramata e A prakAranI pravRttinuM suMdara udAharaNa che. AthI temaNe lIlA (ramata) vAda rajU karyo. lIlAvAdInI dRSTie A jagata e paramAtmAnI lIlA ke AnaMdAbhivyakti che. lIlAvAdI vicAraNAnAM bIja upaniSadomAM che. rAmAnujAcArya jevA vedAMtanA AcAryoe ane zrI araviMda jevA Adhunika vicArakoe lIlAvAdanuM vadhAre spaSTa rIte pratipAdana kareluM che. traNa vAda vacce virodhano abhAva : hetuvAda, mAyAvAda ane lIlAvAdanI uparyukta samajUtI parathI spaSaSTa thaze ke jagata aMgenA hindudharmamAM pracalita A traNa siddhAMto ekabIjAnA bAdhaka nathI. paramAtmAnI potAnI dRSTie vicArIe to A jagata emanI Akhare nahi TakanArI mAyA che athavA to AnaMdAbhivyaktirUpa lIlA che ane A badhI lIlAo Akhare nahi TakanArI mAyA hoI, lIlAvAda ane mAyAvada vacce virodha nathI. jagatanA jIvonI dRSTie vicArIe to paramAtmAnI mAyArUpa ke lIlArUpa A jagata temanA bhoga ane mokSa mATenI pravRttiono takhto pUro pADe

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hindu dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto 51 che ane tethI temanI daSTie hetuvAda ja sAco siddhAMta che. Ama, mAyAvAda ane lIlAvAda e paramAtmAnI dRSTie thayelA jagatanA vicArane lagatA siddhAMto che ane hetuvAda e jIvonI daSTie thayelA jagatanA vicArane lagato siddhAMta che, ane tethI mAyAvAda temaja lIlAvAda ane hetuvAda vacce paNa koI virodha nathI. karmaphaLapradAtA tarIke paramAtmA: jIvonA kalyANane mATe paramAtmA jagatanI utpatti, sthiti ane pralayanI kriyAmAM pravRtta thAya che ane tethI svAbhAvika rIte te paramAtmA A jagatanA niraMkuza rAjAdhirAja tarIke nahi paNa naitika niyAmaka tarIke varte che. eTale ke dareka jIvane potAnA svataMtra karmanuM yogya phaLa maLe e rIte te jagatanA vyavahAranuM saMcAlana kare che. nyAyavaizeSika darzananA pratipAdaka udyotakara kahe che tema "Izvara ja sRSTi daramiyAna jyAre je jIvanA karmano vipAkakALa Ave tyAre te jIvane te karma anusAra phaLa Ape che." avatArano siddhAMta : naitika niyAmaka ane karmaphaLapradAtA paramAtmA jarUra paDe to A jagatamAM avatAra dhAraNa kare che. paramAtmAno avatAra kyAre ane zA mATe thAya che e praznano uttara gItAnA nIce ApelA kathanamAMthI maLI rahe che. - "he bhArata ! jyAre jyAre dharma maMda paDe che, tathA adharma jora kare che, tyAre tyAre huM janma dhAraNa karuM chuM. sAdhuonI rakSAne arthe ane duSTonA vinAzane arthe dharmano punaruddhAra karavAne sAru yuge yuge huM janma lauM chuM." Ama, hindu dharmanI mAnyatA pramANe "jyAre jyAre dharmanI glAni thAya, ne adharmanI vRddhi thAya, tyAre tyAre rAma yA kRSNa, buddha yA Isu jagatamAM dharmasaMsthApanane sAru avatare che. A puruSo indriyono vyAmoha toDI nAkhe che. hRdayanA premane mATe dvAra khullAM kare che, ne ApaNAM aMtaramAM satya ane dharmane mATe anurAga jagADe che. hindu dharmazAstromAM keTalIka vAra dasa to keTalIka vAra covIsa avatAro gaNAvavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu Ano artha evo nathI ke paramAtmAnA avatAronI saMkhyA ATalI ja che. bhAgavata spaSTa zabdomAM kahe che ke "he brAhmaNo, satyanA bhaMDArarUpa evA harinA avatAro asaMkhya che."1oN jevI rIte saMkhyAnI daSTie avatArane koI sImA nathI tevI rIte deza, kALa ke sAMpradAyika saMkucitatAno paNa ahIM svIkAra nathI. khristI dharmanA pracArArthe jyAre bizapa hebare zrI svAminArAyaNanI mulAkAta lIdhI tyAre zrI svAminArAyaNe temane jaNAveluM ke avatAra aMge tamArI mAnyatA game te hoya paNa amArI mAnyatA evI che ke "judA judA pradezamAM paramAtmAnA ghaNA avatAro thayA che. arthAta jevI rIte hinduomAM avatAra thayA che tevI rIte khristIomAM ne musalamAnomAM paNa avatAra thayA che." Ama, avatAranA siddhAMtamAM hindu dharme deza, kALa temaja dhArmika saMpradAyone lagatI koI maryAdAne sthAna ApyuM nathI. AthI ja DaoN. rAdhAkRSNane lakhyuM che ke "je hindune potAnA dharmanuM kaMIka paNa jJAna che te mAnavajAtinA sarva sahAyakone

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para jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo namana karavA ne pUjavA taiyAra rahe che. te mAne che ke Izvare jema IsarUpe ane buddharUpe avatAra lIdhelA, tema te game te mANasane rUpe avatAra le e saMbhavita che."13 gItAkAra kahe che ke A jagatanA tamAma nAzavaMta padArtho (kSara) ane amara AtmAo (akSara)mAM paramAtmA vyApelo hovA chatAM te temanAthI saMpUrNapaNe para ane nirALo che ane tethI ja te puruSottama kahevAya che. kAM je huM kSarathI pAra, akSarathIya uttama tethI huM loka ne veda varNAyo puruSottama."14 gItAmAM paramAtmAnA para ke nirguNa svarUpane puruSottamane nAme varNavavAmAM AvyuM che, jyAre upaniSadomAM ene nirguNa brahmane nAme oLakhavAmAM AvyuM che. nirguNa brahmanuM svarUpa ApaNA laukika anubhavothI eTaluM badhuM nirALuM, alaukika ane divya che ke upaniSadonA mata pramANe tenuM varNana ApaNI vANI ke vicAro vaDe thaI zatuM nathI. kena upaniSadamAM lakhyuM che ke brahma te che ke "je vANI vaDe varNavI zakAtuM nathI paNa jene laIne vANI dvArA varNana zakya bane che, je mana vaDe vicArI zakAtuM nathI paNa jenA vaDe mana vicArI zake che."15 Ama, nirguNa brahma mana ane vANIthI nahi paNa sAkSAtkArathI ja jANI zakAya che. kaTha upaniSadamAM yama ane naciketAnA saMvAda dvArA ema spaSTa karavAmAM AvyuM ke "e paramAtmAno sAkSAtkAra (pratyakSa anubhava) mana, indriyo vagere vaza karIne, sadAcArathI cAlIne, eno anugraha prApta karIne enuM yathArtha (satya) jJAna meLavIne, thaI zake che." paramAtmAnA sAkSAtkAranA anubhavane AdhAre temanA svarUpanuM varNana karatAM upaniSado jaNAve che ke "e neti', "neti' arthAta "ema nahi', "ema nahi, evA zabdothI ja kathAya che, chatAM e niSedharUpa-zUnya-khAlI nathI. e anaMta sata rUpa, anaMta cita rUpa, anaMta AnaMdarUpa tattva che."17 paramAtmA anaMta sat rUpa, anaMta cita rUpa, anaMta AnaMdarUpa che ema kahevAno artha zo ? sat eTale hovuM. paramAtmA kAyama mATe che ja, temanI kyAreya utpatti thaI nathI, kyAreya nAza thavAno nathI ane tethI te anaMta sat rUpa che. cit eTale jJAna. paramAtmA sarvajJa che. temanA jJAnane koI sImA nathI ane tethI te anaMta cit rUpa che. paramAtmAmAM du:khano sadaMtara abhAva che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa temano AnaMda niraMtara UbharAto rahe che, ane tethI te anaMta AnaMdarUpa che. paramAtmA ke nirguNa brahmanAM A traNe svarUpano khyAla ApavA mATe saMkSepamAM ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke paramAtmA anaMta saccidAnaMda svarUpa che. AvA svarUpano ApaNane A jagatamAM kyAMye anubhava thato nathI. ane tethI AvA koI anubhava sAthe ene sarakhAvavAno prayatna karavAmAM Ave to e prayatnanI nirarthakatA darzAvavA paramAtmAnA anubhavI RSio "ema nahi', "ema nahi ("neti neti') ema kahe che.

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hindu dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto pa3 upasaMhAra : paramAtmAnA saguNa ane nirguNa svarUpanA uparyukta varNananA anusaMdhAnamAM e muddo khAsa noMdhapAtra che ke paramAtmA be che - eka saguNa ane bIjA nirguNa - evI hindu dharmanI mAnyatA nathI. paramAtmA eka ja che. jyAre e paramAtmAno vicAra jagatanA saMdarbhamAM karavAmAM Ave che tyAre tenA saguNa ane aMtaryAmI svarUpa para bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che ane jyAre A jagatathI nirapekSa rIte paramAtmAno vicAra karavAmAM Ave che tyAre tenA nirguNa ane para svarUpa para bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che. Ama, saguNa ane nirguNa, aMtaryAmI ane para, e baMne eka ja paramAtmAnAM be svarUpo che. ane tethI temanI vacce koI daita nathI. paramAtmAnuM svarUpa ja evuM alaukika che ke teo A jagatamAM vyApta hovA chatAM tenAthI saMpUrNapaNe para paNa rahI zake. gItAkAranA zabdomAM : "meM ja mArA avyakta svarUpathI A AkhuM jagata vyApyuM che. mArAmAM - mAre AdhAre sarva prANI che : huM temane AdhAre nathI." ane tethI "prANIo mArAmAM nathI ema paNa kahevAya. e mAruM yogabaLa tuM jo."18 2. jIvAtmAnuM svarUpa ane teno paramAtmA sAtheno saMbaMdha H hindu dharmanI daSTie zarIra, mana ane AtmA (jIvAtmA) judAM che ane tethI zarIra ane mananA baMdhanamAM rahevuM e jIvAtmAno mULa svabhAva nathI. jo ke tenI sAMsArika ke baddhAvasthA daramiyAna jIvAtmA zarIra ane mana sAthe anivAryapaNe saMkaLAyelo rahe che. Ama, jIvAtmAnA svarUpano saMpUrNa khyAla meLavavA mATe 1. jIvAtmAnuM sAMsArika svarUpa ane 2. jIvAtmAnuM mULa svarUpa e baMneno vicAra karavAnuM Avazyaka bane che. 1. jIvAtmAnuM sAMsArika svarUpaH saMsAramAM bhaTakatA jIvanuM svarUpa samajavA mATe hindu dharmamAM teno zArIrika, mAnasika ane naitika e traNa daSTie vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che. 19 jIvAtmAnuM zArIrika svarUpa : zArIrika dRSTie vicAratAM hindu dharmatattvavettAone ema jaNAya che ke jIvAtmAne 1. zULa, 2. sUkSma ane 3. kAraNa e traNa prakAranAM zarIro che. sthULa zarIra pRthvI, jaLa, teja, vAyu ane AkAza e pAMca bhUtanuM baneluM che. sthULa zarIra vaDe jAgratAvasthAmAM jIvAtmA A jagatanA vividha padArthono upabhoga karI zake che. mRtyu vakhate jIvAtmA marato nathI paNa te A sthaLa zarIrane choDI jAya che. gItAkAranI rIte kahIe to ApaNe jema pahereluM eka kapaDuM badalIne bIjuM dhAraNa karIe chIe tema jIvAtmA eka sthULa zarIrane choDIne bIjuM sthaLa zarIra dhAraNa kare che. tyajI daI jIrNa thayela vastro, le che navAM jema manuSya bIjAM; tyajI daI jIrNa zarIra tema, pAme navAM anya zarIra dehI.20

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54 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo sukSma zarIra pAMca jJAnendriyo (negendriya), zravaNendriya, svAdendriya, sparzendriya ane prANendriya), pAMca karmendriyo (vANI, grahaNa, gati, maLotsarga ane janana mATenI indriyo), pAMca vAyu (prANa, apAna, vyAna, udAna ane samAna), mana ane buddhi, citta ane ahaMkAra e ogaNIsa tattvanuM baneluM che. jevI rIte ApaNe sthULa zarIrane indriyo dvArA joI zakIe chIe tevI rIte sUkSma zarIra indriyagocara paNa eTale ke svapnamAM paNa ApaNane keTalAka zarIragata anubhavo thAya che. Ama, svapnAvasthAmAM jIvAtmAne je anubhavo thAya che te sUkSma zarIrane AbhArI che. mRtyu vakhate jIvAtmA sthULa zarIrane choDI de che paNa sUkSma zarIrane choDato nathI; eTaluM ja nahi, paNa zarIramAM baMdhAyelA tenA svabhAva (vAsanAo ne bhUtakALamAM karelAM karmanA saMskAro) ke cAritryane anurUpa navuM sthULa zarIra dhAraNa kare che. kAraNa zarIra eTalA mATe kAraNa zarIra kahevAya che ke sthULa ane sUkSma zarIronuM te kAraNa ke adhiSThAna che. kAraNa zarIra jIvAtmAnI vAsanAo ane bhUtakALamAM karelAM karmanA saMskAronuM baneluM che. kAraNa zarIra vaDe suSuptAvasthAmAM jIvAtmAne potAnA AnaMdasvarUpano anubhava thAya che, ane tethI gADha nidrAmAMthI jAgyA pachI e UMgha khUba mIThI ane majAnI hatI ema tene lAge che. dhULa, sUkSma ane kAraNa e traNa zarIra je tattvonAM banelAM che tenI upara ApelI vigato jotAM spaSTa thaze ke A tattvonI kula saMkhyA covIsanI che. Ama, hindu dharmanI dRSTie mANasanuM zarIra covIsa tattvonuM baneluM che, ane e zarIrane dhAraNa karanAra je jIvAtmA che te pacIsamo che. sAMkhyayoga ane vedAMtadarzanamAM A tattvono vigate vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che. jIvAtmAnuM mAnasika svarUpa : mAnasika daSTie vicAratAM jIvAtmA icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha, duHkha ane jJAna e cha guNo dharAve che. A guNone kAraNe jIvAtmA judI judI icchAo ke vAsanAo rAkhe che ane te pUrI karavA mATe vividha prakAranAM karmo kare che ane tene pariNAme vividha prakAranAM sukhaduHkhano anubhava kare che. jIvAtmAnA A anubhavonI cetanAnI traNa avasthAo che : 1. jAgrata, 2. svapna ane 3. suSupti. jIvAtmAne thatA A jagatanA bhautika padArthonA anubhavo tenI cetanAnI jAgrata avasthAnA anubhavo che. jIvAtmAne svapnamAM thatA anubhavo tenI cetanAnI svapnAvasthAnA anubhavo che ane jIvAtmAne gADha nidrAmAM je AnaMdano anubhava thAya che te tenI cetanAnI suSupta avasthAno anubhava che. jIvAtmAnuM naitika svarUpa : hindu dharmanI mAnyatA mujaba jIvAtmAnuM naitika svarUpa ja tenA zArIrika ane mAnasika svabhAvane ghaDe che. jIvAtmAno naitika svabhAva

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hindu dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto 55 dRSTie svataMtra rIte karelAM karmonA pariNAmarUpe ja jIvAtmA amuka prakAranuM zarIra, amuka prakAranuM vAtAvaraNa ane sukhaduHkhanA amuka prakAranA anubhavo ane amuka prakAranuM naitika cAritrya prApta kare che. jIvAtmAnA zArIrika, mAnasika ane naitika svarUpane ghaDanArAM svataMtra karmo 1. kAyika, 2. vAcika ane 3. mAnasika-e traNa prakAranAM hoI zake che. mANasa sthULa zarIrathI jevI pravRttio kare, mukhathI jevI vANI uccAre ane manathI jevA vicAro ane yojanAo kare te prakAranuM naitika bhAthuM tenI pAse ekaThuM thAya che. bIjI rIte kahIe to, sArAM karmo vaDe jIvAtmA puNya kamAya che. ane kharAba karmo vaDe pApa. tenAM puNya ane pApanA suyogya phaLarUpe tene amuka prakAranuM zarIra ane amuka prakAranA sukhaduHkhanA mAnasika anubhava ja nahi, paNa amuka prakAranuM naitika cAritrya paNa prApta thAya che. jIvAtmAnA naitika cAritryane 1. sAttvika, 2. rAjasika ane 3. tAmasikae traNa prakAramAM vaheMcavAmAM Ave che. je vyaktinA cAritryamAM sattvaguNanuM prAdhAnya hoya tenuM cAritrya sAttvika kahevAya che. sAttvika prakRtivALA mANasamAM naitika rAgadveSanI mukta evAM jJAna, vairAgya ane aizvarya svabhAvarUpe rahelAM hoya che. gItAnA zabdomAM : "niHsaMgI, nirahaMkArI, dhRti-utsAhathI bharyo, yazAyaze nirvikAra, kartA sAttvika te kahyo"22 je vyaktinA cAritryamAM rajoguNanuM prAdhAnya hoya tenuM cAritrya rAjasika kahevAya che. rAjasika prakRtivALA mANasamAM rAgadveSathI prerAyelI aneka prakAranI AkAMkSAo sevavAnuM ane tene lagatI pravRttiomAM paDavAnuM valaNa svabhAvarUpe raheluM hoya che. "rAgI, ne phaLano vAMchu, lobhI, asvaccha, hiMsaka, harSazoka chavAyelo, kartA rAjasa te kahyo."23 je vyaktinA cAritryamAM tamoguNanuM prAdhAnya hoya tenuM cAritrya tAmasika kahevAya che. tAmasika prakRtivALA mANasamAM mithyAbhimAna, kapaTIpaNuM, ALasa ane zoka jevA guNo svabhAvarUpe rahelA hoya che. gItAnA zabdomAM : ayogI, kSudra, garviSTha, akarmI, zaTha, ALasu, zogiyo, dIrghasUtrI je kartA tAmasa te kahyo.24 mANasanA naitika cAritryanA uparyukta traNa prakAranA anusaMdhAnamAM e muddo khAsa noMdhapAtra che ke, sAttvika, rAjasika ane tAmasika prakRti Akhare to mANase svataMtra rIte karelAM kAyika, vAcika ane mAnasika karmanA pariNAmarUpa che, ane tethI potAnA bhUtakALanAM karmothI jenI prakRti tAmasika banelI che te mANasa paNa dhAre

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56 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo to potAnI prakRti sAme laDIne potAnI svataMtra saMkalpazakti vaDe evA karmo karI zake che ke jenA pariNAme tenI prakRti tAmasika maTIne sAtvika banI zake. karmano niyama ane punarjanmano siddhAMta : jIvAtmAnA sAMsArika svarUpanuM naitika daSTie varNana karatAM ApaNe joyuM ke jIvAtmAne potAnAM kAyika, vAcika ane mAnasika puNyakarma ke pApakarmonuM yogya phaLa bhogavavuM paDe che. je niyama anusAra Ama bane che tene karmano niyama kahe che. jevI rIte pANImAM mIThuM mUkavAmAM Ave to te ogaLI jAya evo bhautikajagatano kAryakAraNa niyama che tevI rIte karmano niyama e naitika jagatano kAryakAraNa niyama che. karmano niyama jaNAve che ke jIvAtmAe kareluM koI paNa karma eLe jatuM nathI ("kRtanAza'25 nathI, karyuM kyAMya jatuM. nathI), eTaluM ja nahi, koI paNa jIvAtmAne je koI saMyogo ke anubhavo prApta thAya che te teNe pote bhUtakALamAM karelAM karmone AbhArI hoya che. eTale koI paNa jIvAtmAne anya jIvAtmAe karelAM karmonuM phaLa bhogavavuM paDatuM nathI ('akRtAmyupagama" nathI, nahi kareluM bhogavavAnuM AvatuM nathI). hindu dharmamAM karmanA niyamanI sAthe punarjanmano siddhAMta sAMkaLI levAmAM Avyo che. A janmamAM mANasane je prakAranA bhautika saMyogo ane mAnasika sukhaduHkha thAya che te badhAnuM kAraNa teNe A janmamAM ja karelAM karmo hotAM nathI. te ja rIte mANasa A janmamAM je karmo kare te badhAMnAM phaLa tene A ja janmamAM maLI jatAM nathI. Ama, A janma pahelAM paNa mANasano janma hato ane e pUrvabhavanAM keTalAMka karmonuM phaLa tene A janmamAM maLe che ane A janma pachI paNa mANasane janma haze ne te AgalA bhavamAM tene A janme karelAM karmono yogya badalo maLaze. Ama, karmanA niyamano khulAso karatI vakhate punarjanmanA siddhAMtanI jarUra paDatI hoI, hindu dharmanAM lagabhaga badhAM darzanomAM A baMneno ekasAthe vicAra karI karma ane punarjanmano siddhAMta'nuM pratipAdana karavAmAM Ave che. karma ane punarjanmanA siddhAMta pramANe, bhUtakALamAM jIvAtmAnA aneka janmo thayelA che ane jyAM sudhI te judI judI vAsanAonA saMtoSa mATe karmo karavAnuM cAlu rAkhaze tyAM sudhI e karmonAM phaLa bhogavavA mATenI janma-maraNarUpa jaMjALa tene mATe cAlu raheze. Ama, kAmanA ke vAsanAno tyAga e A jaMjALamAMthI chUTavAno upAya che. choDIne kAmanA sarva phare je nara niHspRha, ahaMtA-mamatA mUkI, te pAme zAMti bhArata."27 sAmAnya rIte kAmanA ane ahaMtA-mamatAno tyAga eka janmanI sAdhanAthI thaI zakto nathI. paNa jo janmojanma sAdhanAnuM sAtatya cAlu rahe to jIvAtmA aneka janmane aMte janmamaraNarUpI jaMjALamAMthI chUTI potAnA mULa svarUpano sAkSAtkAra kare che. khaMtathI karato yatna doSothI mukta te thaI, ghaNA janma thaI siddha yogI pAme paraMgati."28

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hindu dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto sAmAnya rIte mANasanI sAdhanA aneka janme phaLe che ema kahevAno artha e nathI ke jIvAtmA mATe aneka janmo anivArya che. jo jIvAtmA daDha saMkalpa ane prabaLa puruSArtha kare to te A ne A janma paNa karmabaMdhana ane janmamaraNanA pherAmAMthI chUTI potAnA mULa svarUpano sAkSAtkAra karI zake che. gItAmAM kahyuM che ke, "moTo durAcArI paNa jo mane ananya bhAve bhaje to te sAdhu thayo ja mAnavo, kema ke have eno sAro saMkalpa che. e turaMta dharmAtmA thAya che ne niraMtara zAMti pAme che."29 jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAno saMbaMdhaH hindu dharmanI mAnyatA pramANe jIvAtmAne paramAtmAnuM avalaMbana che, jyAre paramAtmA jIvAtmAthI saMpUrNapaNe svataMtra che. pratyeka jIvAtmAmAM paramAtmA aMtaryAmIrUpe vaselo che ane e paramAtmAnI aMtaryAmI zaktine lIdhe ja jIvAtmAnuM astitva, jJAna ane kriyA zakya bane che. gItAmAM kahyuM che ke, "vasIne sarvabhUtonAM hRdaye paramezvara, mAyAthI pherave saune, jANe yaMtra para dharyA."30 eTale ke jevI rIte koI yaMtra vIjaLI ke tenA jevI bIjI koI zaktithI cAle che tevI rIte jIvAtmAno badho vyavahAra paramAtmAnI aMtaryAmI zaktithI cAle che. pharaka mAtra eTalo che ke yaMtrone jema calAvavAmAM Ave che tema cAle che, jyAre jIvAtmA paramAtmAnI zaktino upayoga karIne potAnA svataMtra saMkalpathI sArAM ke narasAM karmomAM pravRtta thaI zake che. jIvAtmAe pote svataMtra rIte karelAM karmo mATe jIvAtmA javAbadAra che ane tethI paramAtmA tene te mujabanuM phaLa Ape che. Ama, paramAtmA e jIvAtmAno aMtaryAmI zaktidAtA hovA uparAMta karmaphaLapradAtA paNa che. paramAtmA karmaphaLapradAtA che ema kahevAno artha e nathI ke e mAtra taTastha nyAyAdhIza tarIke vartanAro rAjAdhirAja che. paramAtmAno jIvAtmA sAtheno saMbaMdha mAtApitAno saMtAno sAthe ke premIjanono priya pAtro sAthe hoya tevo paNa che. je jIvAtmA potAnAM kukarmo aMge hRdayapUrvaka pazcAttApa kare che ane potAnI naitika zuddhi mATe niSThAbharyA prayatno kare che tene paramAtmA mAphI Ape che ane kukarmonAM mAThAM phaLathI bacAvI le che. A rItanI kRpA karavAmAM Izvara pakSapAta nathI karato, kAraNa ke hRdayapUrvakano pazcAttApa ane naitika zuddhi mATenA niSThAbharyA prayatno paNa eka jAtanA karmo ja che. rAjagopAlAcArInA zabdomAM kahIe to, "pApakarmanI jema pastAvo paNa karma che ane te najIkanA bhUtakALa paranA AtmAnA vijayanuM dyotaka che."31 jIvAtmAnAM AvAM karmane dhyAnamAM laIne premALa paramAtmA AgalAM kukarmonI mAphI ApavAnI kRpA kare to temAM pakSapAtano doSa Avato nathI. kharI rIte jotAM kukarmonI mAphI Ape tyAre ja nahi paNa mAphI na Ape tyAre paNa paramAtmAnI jIvAtmA para kRpA to varasatI ja hoya che, kAraNa ke nityatRpta evA paramAtmA mATe

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58 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo karma pramANe phaLa ApavAnI kriyA paNa ahetukI kRpAnuM ja pariNAma che. Ama, jo jagata paranuM naitika zAsana e IzvaranI kRpAne ja AbhArI hoya to karmano niyama ane IzvaranI kRpA vacce virodha che evI maikanikaoNla jevA hindudharmanA abhyAsIoe karelI vAta bilakula vAhiyAta Thare che. jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAnA kRpAmUlaka premasaMbaMdha aMge e vAta paNa noMdhapAtra che ke gItAmAM to zrIkRSNa tyAM sudhI kahyuM che ke "je loko ananya bhAve mAruM ciMtavana karatAM mane bhaje che te nitya mArAM ja rata rahelAnA yogakSemano bhAra huM uThAvuM chuM."33 2. jIvAtmAnuM mULa svarUpa : jIvAtmAnA sAMsArika svarUpane samajavA mATe ApaNe jIvAtmAnAM zarIra, mana ane naitika cAritryanuM varNana karyuM. jIvAtmA mULa svarUpe A badhAthI judo ane para che. jo jIvAtmA potAnA zarIra, mana vagerethI judo na hoya to te "mAruM zarIra', "mAruM mana vagere zabdaprayogovALI bhASA vAparI zake nahi. Ama, jIvAtmA zarIra, mana vageremAM vyApelo hovA chatAM ane temanA svarUpane jANato hovA chatAM te temanAthI judo ane para che. arthAt mULa svarUpe jIvAtmA traNa deha, traNa avasthA ane pApapuNyanA saMskAra e badhAthI para kevaLa saccidAnaMda ke brahmasvarUpa che. jIvAtmA sat svarUpa che, kAraNa ke te ajanmA che, nitya che, zAzvata che, purAtana che, zarIra haNAyAthI te haNAto nathI."34 jIvAtmA jJAnasvarUpa che, kAraNa ke te potAnI jJAnazakti vaDe samagra zarIramAM vyApelo che ane zarIra, indriyo, mana vagerenuM jJAna dharAve che. jIvAtmA AnaMdasvarUpa che, kAraNa ke suSupti avasthAmAM jyAre te sthULa ane sUkSma baMne zarIrothI rahita hoya che tyAre te potAnA svarUpAnaMdanI jhAMkhI kare che. saMsAramAM bhaTaktA jIvAtmAne pote saccidAnaMda brahma che evuM jJAna nathI tenuM kAraNa indriyonA viSayomAM Asakti che. A Asakti (kAmanA)ne kAraNe jIvAtmA mohamAM phasAya che ane te zarIra, indriyo ane manane ja potAnuM rUpa samajI temanA lAlanapAlanamAM rata rahe che ane pariNAme tene potAnA mULa saccidAnaMda svarUpanuM jJAna thatuM nathI. gItAmAM A vAta ghaNI asarakAraka rIte kahevAI che : "dhumADe agni DhaMkAya, raje DhaMkAya darpaNa, orathI garbha DhaMkAya, tema ja jJAna kAmathI. kAma rUpI mahAagni, tRpta thAya nahi kadI, tenAthI jJAna DhaMkAyuM, jJAnIno nitya zatru te."35 3. jIvAtmAno mokSa : jIvAtmAne tenA mULa svarUpanuM jJAna thAya che tyAre te tenA sAMsArika svarUpanAM vaLagaNo-traNa prakAranAM zarIra, traNa avasthAo ane judA judA viSayabhoganI kAmanAo ane e kAmanAone kAraNe thatAM karmo ane tene

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hindu dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto pa9 pariNAme prApta thatuM janmamaraNanA pherArUpI mahAduHkha-thI saMpUrNapaNe ane kAyamane mATe chUTe che, mokSa pAme che. muktAtmA mATe koI paNa prakAranA duHkhanI kyAreya paNa zakyatA rahetI nathI. AthI hindu dharmamAM mokSanI sthitine AtyaMtika duHkhanivRttinI sthiti tarIke varNavavAmAM Ave che. mokSAvasthA e kevaLa AtyaMtika duHkhanivRttinI abhAvAtmaka sthiti ja nathI, temAM bhAvAtmaka zAzvata AnaMdanI prApti paNa che. gItAkAra kahe che tema "jyAM pahoMcI na phare pAchA, mAruM te dhAma uttama. arthAt mokSarUpa dhAma ke padane je jIvAtmA pAme che te jIvAtmAne sAMsArika svarUpa sAthe saMkaLAyelAM janmamaraNa, jarA ane vyAdhinAM duHkho to kyAreya bhogavavAM paDatAM nathI; eTaluM ja nahi paNa tenA divya ane zAzvata AnaMdamAM kyAreya oTa AvatI nathI, niraMtara bharatI ja AvyA kare che.37 che. paramAtmAnA nirguNa svarUpanuM varNana karatI vakhate ApaNe joI gayAM ke paramAtmA saccidAnaMda svarUpa che. ApaNe e joI gayAM ke hindu dharmamAM jIvAtmAne paNa traNa prakAranA deha ane traNa prakAranI avasthAothI saMpUrNapaNe para ane saccidAnaMda svarUpa mAnavAmAM Avyo che. AthI svAbhAvika rIte A prazna UThe che ke "mokSAvasthAmAM jyAre jIvAtmA potAnA saccidAnaMda svarUpano sAkSAtkAra kare che tyAre te paramAtmA ja banI jAya che ke tenAthI judo rahe che?" jIvAtmAnA mULa svarUpa ane paramAtmA vacce abheda che ema zaMkarAcArya jevA advaitavAdI vedAMtIo mAne che, jyAre temanI vacce bheda che ema makhvAcArya jevA dvaitavAdI vedAMtIo mAne che. vedAMtanA vividha AcAryo vacce A bAbatamAM matabhedo paDyA che tenuM mULa kAraNa e che ke mokSAvasthAmAM jIvAtmAne paramAtmA sAthe je saMbaMdha hoya che te alaukika ane sAkSAta anubhavano viSaya che, laukika varNanano nahi. Ama chatAM jayAre tenuM varNana karavAno prayatna karavAmAM Ave che tyAre ApaNA laukika anubhavamAMthI upamAo levAnuM anivArya bane che. eka ja prakAranA anubhavanuM varNana judI judI upamAone AdhAre thatuM hovAthI varNanomAM judApaNuM Ave che ne matabhedo UbhA thAya che. A matabhedonA nirasanano mArga caitanya mahAprabhunA "aciMtya bhedabheda darzanamAMthI maLI rahe tema che. caitanya mahAprabhunA mata pramANe, mokSAvasthAmAM jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA vacce je saMbaMdha che te "aciMtya' (ciMtavana ke vicAra dvArA barAbara samajI na zakAya tevo) che ane "bheda temaja "abheda' baMnene lagato che. A aciMtya bhedabhedanI samajUtI ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara dhruva lakhe che ke "paramAtmA sAthe jIvano AzrayAzrita ane bhedabheda saMbaMdha che : paramAtmA Azraya che, jIva Azrita che, paNa e evI nikaTa rIte joDAyelA che ke emano bheda chatAM abheda che ema kahI zakAya. e abheda te evI rIte ke jema madhumakSikA madhu (puSparasa)thI bhinna che, chatAM e madhunuM pAna karI enAthI bharAya che, enI sAthe tanmaya-abhinna thAya che, tema jIvAtmA paramAtmanA rasathI bharAI paramAtmArUpa banI jAya che."3 Ama, vaitavAdI temaja

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60 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo advaitavAdI saune mAnya evo hindu mata che ke mokSAvasthAmAM jeno sAkSAtkAra thAya che e jIvAtmAnA mULa svarUpane paramAtmAthI bilakula cheTuM nathI. arthAta "hinda tattvajJAnano itihAsa'nA lekhaka na. de. mahetA kahe che tema jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA vacceno saMbaMdha "atyaMta sAmIpya39no che. jIvanmuktiH upara varNavelI mokSAvasthAnI prApti paralokavAsI thayA pachI ja thAya evuM anivArya nathI. "videhamukti (deha chUTI gayA pachI prApta thatI mokSAvasthA) uparAMta jaina dharma ane bauddha dharmanI peThe hiMdu dharmamAM paNa jIvanmuktino siddhAMta svIkArAyo che. je manuSyane traNa deha ane traNa avasthAthI para evA potAnA saccidAnaMda brahmasvarUpano A jIvanamAM ja sAkSAtkAra thaI gayo hoya te manuSya jIvanmukta che. jIvanmuktane koI viSayabhoganI kAmanA hotI nathI ane tethI te zrI svAminArAyaNa kahe che tema "azubha karma to kare ja nahi paraMtu lokakalyANarthe je zubha karmo kare che tenuM phaLa paNa tene bhogavavuM rahetuM nathI, kAraNa ke zrI svAminArAyaNanA zabdomAM "e to kevaLa AtmasvarUpe ja varte che mATe evA je AtmajJAnI hoya tene to sthULa dehasaMbaMdhI tathA sUkSma dehasaMbaMdhI karma lAge nahi."42 Ama, jIvanmuktane koI navAM karmo lAgatAM nathI paNa pUrvajanmanAM je karmo (prArabdha karmo)nuM phaLa bhogavavA mATe tene A deha maLyo hoya te karmo tene bhogavavAnAM rahe che. jo ke A rIte AvatAM daihida sukhaduHkhane bhogavavAnI jIvanmuktanI rIta saMsAranA sAmAnya mANasane chAje tevI hotI nathI, kAraNa ke sAmAnya mANasa AvAM sukhaduHkhamAM levAI jato hoya che jyAre jIvanmukta temanAthI para rahIne ema anubhavato hoya che ke "huM eno (daihika sukhaduHkhAdino)bhoktA nathI, huM to AtmA chuM.jas gItAmAM jIvanmuktane "sthitaprajJanuM nAma ApIne tenuM nIce pramANe varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che : "mananI kAmanA sarve choDIne, AtmamAM ja je rahe saMtuSTa AtmAthI, te sthitaprajJa jANavo. duHkhe uga nA citte, sukhonI jhaMkhanA gaI; gayA rAga-bhaya-krodha, muni te sthirabuddhino. Asakta nahi je kyAMya, maLyuM kAMI zubhAzubha; na kare harSa ke dveSa, tenI prajJA thaI sthira. kAcabo jema aMgone, tema je viSayo thakI saMkele Indriyo pUrNa, tenI prajJA thaI sthira." gItAkAra kabUle che ke "je manuSya AtmAmAM ramanAro che, je tethI ja tRpta rahe che ane temAM ja saMtoSa mAne che tene kaMI karavApaNuM nathI hotuM. karavA-na karavAmAM

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hindu dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto 61 teno kaMI ja svArtha nathI. bhUtamAtrane vize tene kazo aMgata svArtha nathI."41 paraMtu Ano artha e nahi ke jIvanmukta ke sthitaprajJa saMsAranI sevAmAMthI nivRtta thaI javuM joIe. jIvanmukta mATe paNa pravRttimArganI joradAra himAyata karatAM zrIkRSNa gItAmAM kahyuM che ke "jo huM kadI paNa ALasa maraDavA sarakhoye thobhyA vinA karmane vize pravRtta na rahe to te pArtha ! loko badhI rIte mArA vartanane anusaraze. jo huM karma na karuM to A loka naSTa thAya; huM avyavasthAno kartA banuM ane A lokono nAza karuM. he bhArata ! jema ajJAnI loko Asakta thaIne kAma kare che tema jJAnIe Asaktirahita thaIne lokalyANane icchIne kAma karavuM joIe. karmane vize Asakta evA ajJAnI manuSyonI buddhine jJAnI DAmADoLa na kare, paNa samatva jALavI sArI rIte karmo karI temane sarva karmone vize prere.4 4. mokSaprAptinAM sAdhano : hindu dharmanI mAnyatA pramANe jIvAtmAnI sAMsArika sthiti khUba ja duHkhakAraka che, temAM je kaMI sukha che te paNa duHkhakAraka che, kAraNa ke tene kAraNe duHkhanI tIvratAmAM umero thAya che. Ama, saMsAra kevaLa duHkhakAraka che, jyAre mokSa kevaLa AnaMdadAyaka che. AthI svAbhAvika rIte "mumukSutva' (mokSaprAptinI icchA hovI te) jAge che ane mokSaprAptinAM sAdhanono vicAra agatyano bane che. judA judA sAdhakonA adhikAra ane rUcinI bhinnatAne anulakSIne hindu dharmamAM 1. jJAnayoga, 2. karmayoga ane 3. bhaktiyogano mokSaprAptinA sAdhana tarIke svIkAra karavAmAM Ave che. A traNamAMthI koIpaNa eka yogane ke e traNenA subhaga samanvayane anusaravAthI jIvAtmA mokSAvasthAne pAme che evI hindu dharmanI mAnyatA che. A traNe prakAranA yoganI sAdhanA saMkSepamAM nIce pramANe che : 1. jJAnayogaH jJAnayoganI sAdhanAnA be tabakkA che. pahelA tabakkAmAM jJAna mATeno adhikAra prApta karavAno hoya che. A mATe sAdhake nIce darzAvelAM cAra sAdhano siddha karavAM joIe : nityAnityavasphavivekaH zAzvata tattvo ane nAzavaMta padArtho vaccenA bhedanI bauddhika samaja. 2. vairAgya : A loka temaja paralokamAM viSaya bhogavavAnI icchAno abhAva. amadamAdi sAdhanasaMpatti H manano saMyama, iMdriyanigraha, zraddhA, samAdhAna, uparAta ane titikSA e cha guNo. 4. mumukSutvaH mokSaprAptino daDha saMkalpa. uparanAM "sAdhana catuSTayasiddha thatAM sAdhakane jJAna mATe adhikAra prApta thAya che. A pachI jJAnayoganI sAdhanAno bIjo tabakko zarU thAya che. A tabakke adhikArI sAdhake zrotriya (zAstronA abhyAsI) ane brahmaniSTha (brahmasAkSAtkArane pAmelA) gurunA mArgadarzana heThaLa AtmA ane paramAtmAnA jJAnanuM zravaNa, manana ane je

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62. jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo nididhyAsana karavuM joIe. A rIte AtmAnA svarUpanuM jJAna vadhu ne vadhu spaSTa ane nizcita banatuM jAya che ane Akhare e jJAnano sAkSAtkAra thAya che. sAkSAtkAra e iMdriyo ke buddhi vaDe maLatuM sAmAnya jJAna nathI paNa aMtarAtmAmAM thatuM pratyakSa darzana che. AtmAno sAkSAtkAra thatAM jIvAtmA tamAma karmabaMdhanothI chUTIne mokSAvasthAne pAme che. gItAkAra kahe che ke "he arjuna ! jema pragaTAvelo agni baLataNane bALI nAkhe che tema ja jJAnarUpI agni badhAM karmone bALI nAMkhe che."47 e kahevAnI bhAgye ja jarUra rahe che ke sAmAnya mANasa mATe jJAnayoganI sAdhanA e ghaNI "dhImI ane kaSTaprada kriyA che."48 kAraNa ke temAM saMsAramAMthI nivRtta thaIne temaja sAdhana-catuSTayane siddha karIne, aMtaranA UMDANamAM jaI avyakta AtmAne pAmavAno prayatna karavAno hoya che. AthI ja gItAmAM kahevAyuM che ke, "avyakta citta coMTADe, tene kleza thato vadhu; mahA parizrame dehI, pAme avyaktamAM gati." ghaNAye janmane aMte jJAnI le zaraNuM muja; sarva A brahma' jANe te mahAtmA ati durlabha."49 2. karmayogaH karmayoganI sAdhanA karavI eTale samAjanI taddana niHsvArthabhAve sevA karavI. ApaNe joI gayA ke vAsanA ke kAmanA pUrI karavA mATe karavAmAM AvatAM karmone lIdhe mANasa janmamaraNarUpa saMsAracakramAM phasAya che. AthI UlaTuM, niSkAmabhAve karavAmAM AvelAM karmo mANasane saMsAramAMthI mukta karI mokSa apAve che. gItAmAM karmayogano joradAra upadeza ApavAmAM Avelo che. gItAkAranA mata pramANe sAdhake akarmamAM rAga nahi rAkhavo joIe; eTale ke karmo karavAnuM nahi choDI devuM joIe, paNa karmanA phaLanI dRSTi choDI devI joIe. karmaphaLanI AzA vagara jagatanI sevA arthe ane paramAtmAnI prasannatArthe karmo karavA ane temAM saphaLatA maLe ke niSphaLatA e baMnemAM samabhAva rAkhavo e ja zrIkRSNanA mate kharo karmayoga che : "karmo ja adhikArI tuM, kyAreya phaLano nahi; mA ho karmaphaLa daSTi, mA ho rAga akarmamAM. kara yoge rahI karma, temAM Asaktine tyajI; yazAyaza samA mAnI-samatA te ja yoga che."50 gItAkAranI dRSTie je mANasa phaLanI IcchAthI karmo kare che te kRpaNa che, dayApAtra che, kAraNa ke te kharI rIte to potAnAM karmo dvArA potAnA ja paga para kuhADo mAre che, potAne ja mATe baMdhana UbhuM kare che. Ano artha e ke samatvabuddhivALA niSkAma karmayogImAM ja karma karavAnuM kharuM kauzalya che. gItAnA zabdomAM, samatA e ja kAryakuzaLatA che, kema ke samatvabuddhivALA munio karmathI utpanna thatAM phaLano tyAga karIne janmabaMdhanamAMthI mukta thaI niSkalaMka pada evA mokSane pAme che."5ra

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hindu dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto 63 karmayoganA mUlyAMkana aMge e muddo khAsa noMdhapAtra che ke jJAnayoganI sAdhanA karatAM karmayoganI sAdhanA pramANamAM saraLa che ane temAM pravRttimArga ane nivRttimArgano samanvaya che, kAraNa ke niSkAma karmayogI saMsAramAM rahe che paNa saMsArano hoto nathI. AnA parathI e paNa spaSTa thAya che ke vairAgyazIla mANasa ja karmayoganI sAdhanA karI zake che. 3. bhaktiyoga : bhaktiyoganI sAdhanAmAM paramAtmAnI zaraNAgati svIkArI temanI ananyabhAve bhakti karavAnI hoya che. paramAtmAnI bhakti karavI eTale temanA apAra snehano anubhava karavo. A prakAranI bhakti to ja zakya bane ke jo sAdhaka zraddhALu, sadAcArI ane vairAgyazIla hoya, eTale ke bhaktiyoganA sAdhake evI zraddhA hovI joIe ke paramAtmA sarvazaktimAnna, sarvavyApaka ane sarvajJa hovA uparAMta zaraNAgata pratipAlaka, patitapAvana ane bhaktavatsala paNa che. AvI zraddhAnA udaya mATe sAdhakanAM zarIra ane mana naitika dRSTie atizaya zuddha hoya e Avazyaka che, kAraNa ke vicAra ane AcAranI zuddhi e sAcI zraddhAnA udayanI pahelI zarata che. paramAtmA paranI sAcI zraddhA mATe jarUrI evI naitika zuddhi to ja TakI zake ke jo sAdhaka vairAgyazIla hoya. Ama, paramAtmAnAM aizvarya ane premanuM jJAna, nIti ane vairAgya e traNa hoya to ja paramAtmAnI ananya bhAvavALI ke ekAMtika bhakti zakya bane che. ekAMtika bhaktanI sthiti ane prApti vize gItAmAM zrIkRSNa kahe che ke "je prANImAtra pratye doSarahita, sarvano mitra, dayAvAna, kSamAvAna, ahaMtA-mamatArahita, sukha-duHkhane viSe sarakho, sadAya saMtoSI, yogayukta, indriyanigrahI, daDha nizcayavALo che, ane mAre viSe jeNe potAnAM buddhi ne mana arpaNa karyA che, evo mAro bhakta mane priya che."53 "huM kevaDo ane koNa chuM e bhakti vaDe yathArtha jANe che ane mane ema yathArthapaNe jANIne mArAmAM praveza kare che. mAro Azraya lenAra sadA sarva karma karato chato mArI kRpA vaDe zAzvata avyaya padane pAme che."54 bhaktiyoganA mUlyAMkananA saMdarbhamAM e spaSTa karavuM ghaTe ke bhaktimArga e rAjamArga che eTale ke bhaktimArganI sAdhanA sarvadezI che. koI paNa prakArano mANasa koI paNa paristhitimAM bhakti karI zake che. Ama, bhakti sarvasulabha ane sugama vastu che. Ama chatAM uttamottama bhaktibhAvanI anubhUti durlabha rahetI hoya to tenuM kAraNa mAnavasvabhAvamAM rahelI ahaMkArI jaDatA ja che.

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo saMdarbhasUci 2. 1. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, gItAdhvani (bhagavadgItAno samazlokI anuvAda), 10 : 41 gAMdhIjI, anAsakti yoga, 15 : 13-15 Sri Bhasya, S. B. E. graMtha 48, P. 86-88 rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, pR. 207 zvetAzvatara upaniSada, 4: 10 gAMdhIjI, anAsakti yoga, 7 : 6, 7 zrI svAminArAyaNa, vacanAmRto, kAriyANI, prakaraNa 1 8. nagIna jI. zAha, padarzana (dvitIya khaMDa), pR. 257 9. gAMdhIjI, anAsakti yoga, 4: 7, 8 10. rAdhAkRSNanuM, hindu dharma, pR. 12-13 11. bhAgavata, 1 : 3 : 26 92. J. A. Yajnik, The Philosophy of Sri Syaminarayana, P. 68 13. rAdhAkRSNanuM, hindu dharma, pR. 13 14. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, gItAdhvani, 15 : 18 15. kena upaniSada, 1 : pa-6 16. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, hindu vedadharma, pR.83 17. ejana, pR. 83 18. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, 9 : 4-6 96. Satishchandra Chatterjee, The Fundamentals of Hinduism, 45231 3. 20. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, gItAdhvani, 2 : 22 21. nagIna jI. zAha, SaDradarzana (dvitIyakhaMDa), pR. 198-206 22. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, gItAdhvani, 18 : 26 23. ejana, 18 : 27 24. ejana, 18 : 28 25. vaTTopAdhyAya parva hA, mAratIya Tarzana (An Introduction to Indian Philosophy no hindI anuvAda), P. 10

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hindu dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto 65 26. Satishchandra Chatterjee, The Fundamentals of Hinduism, P. 74 27. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, gItAdhvani, 2 : 71 28. ejana, 6 : 45 29. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, 9 : 30, 31 30. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, gItAdhvani, 18 : 61 39. Rajagopalachari, Hinduism Doctrine and Way of Life (Second Impression), P. 72 32. Macnicol Nicol, Indian Theism (1915), P. 230 33. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, 9 : 22 34. ejana, 2 : 20 35. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, gItAdhvani, 3 : 38, 39 36. ejana, 15 : 6 37. zrI svAminArAyaNa vacanAmRto, zrI svAminArAyaNanA mokSavicAra mATe juo sAraMgapura, prakaraNa 1 38. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, hindu vedadharma, pR. 345 39. narmadAzaMkara de. mahetA, hinda tattvajJAnano itihAsa, pR. 596 40. zrI svAminArAyaNa, vacanAmRto, gaDhaDA aMtya prakaraNa 2 41. ejana, sAraMgapura, prakaraNa 15 42. ejana, sAraMgapura, prakaraNa 15 43. ejana, sAraMgapura, prakaraNa 14 44. kizoralAla gha. mazarUALA, gItAdhvani, 2 : papa-58 45. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, 3 : 17, 18 46. ejana, 3 : 23-26 47. ejana, 4 : 37 48. rAdhAkRSNanuM, hindu dharma, pR. 19 49. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, gItAdhvani, 12 : 5 ane 7 : 19 50. ejana, 2 : 47-48 51. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, 5 : 12 para. ejana, 2 : 51 pa3. ejana, 12 : 13, 14 54. ejana, 18 : 55, pa6

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prakaraNa-5 hindu dharmamAM nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya " - jayendrakumAra yAjJika prAstAvika : AgalA prakaraNamAM varNavelI jJAnayoga, karmayoga ane bhaktiyoganI kaDaka sAdhanA karavAnuM bahujanasamudAya mATe zakya nathI. AthI svAbhAvika rIte prazna UThe che ke bahujanasamudAya mATenI hindu sAdhanAnuM svarUpa kevuM che? A praznanA javAbarUpe hindu dharmazAstro ema jaNAve che ke dareka hindue nItinuM pAlana karavuM joIe ane bhakti ane vairAgyanI bhAvanAne poSaNa maLe tevI keTalIka kriyAo karavI joIe. bahujanasamudAya mATenI A hindu sAdhanAno paricaya meLavavA mATe ApaNe ahIM 1. hindu dharmanA naitika siddhAMto, 2. hindu dharmamAM bhaktibhAvanA ne tenI abhivyakti ane 3. hindu dharmamAM vairAgyabhAvanA ne tenI abhivyakti e traNa bAbatonI kramazaH samajUtI meLavIzuM. 1. hindu dharmanA naitika siddhAMto : hindu dharmanA naitika siddhAMtono khyAla meLavavA mATe ApaNe ahIM A cAra bAbatonI spaSTatA karIzuM: 1. cAra puruSArtha, 2. varNadharma, 3. Azramadharma ane 4. sAdhAraNa dharma. 1. cAra puruSArtha : mANasa buddhizIla prANI che ane tethI e je kaMI pravRtti kare teno koIka hetu hoya ja che. jIvananI vividha pravRttionA hetuo ke jIvanadhyeyone hindu dharmamImAMsakoe cAra bhAgamAM vahecelA che. A cAramAMnA pratyekane puruSArtha kahe che. Ama, puruSArtha eTale jIvanadhyeya. puruSArtha cAra che : 1. dharma, 2. artha, 3. kAma ane 3. mokSa. 1. dharmaH dharma eTale kartavyanA pAlanathI prApta thato naitika lAbha. potAnA kartavyanuM barAbara pAlana karanAra mANasa sadAcArI ane sadgaNI gaNAya che. Ama, kartavyapAlanarUpa sadAcAranuM AcaraNa karavuM ane tene anurUpa sadguNo keLavavA e hindu dharmanI daSTie mANasanA jIvananuM eka dhyeya che. je mANasa A dhyeyane siddha kare che te dharma nAmanA puruSArthane siddha kare che. eka puruSArtha tarIke dharmanuM eTaluM badhuM

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hindu dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto mahattva che ke koIpaNa bhoge tene vaLagI rahevAno hindu dharmano Agraha che. mahAbhAratamAM kahyuM che ke "je karma dharmavirodhI hoya te karmathI game tevuM mahAna phaLa maLe tema hoya toye buddhimAna mANase tenuM AcaraNa na karavuM, kAraNa ke tenAthI (bhraSTAcArathI) mANasanuM hita thatuM ja nathI." zrI svAminArAyaNe zikSApatrImAM lakhyuM che ke "dharma vaDe ja badhA puruSArtho (jIvanadhyeyo) siddha thAya che. Ano artha e ke hindu dharmano e spaSTa mata che ke artha, kAma ane mokSa e traNa dharma uparAMtanA puruSArthonI prAptinA prayatno paNa dharmamUlaka hoya to ja phaLIbhUta thAya che. 2. artha : artha eTale paiso Tako ane sAdhanasaMpatti. naitika lAbhanI jema Arthika lAbhane paNa hindu dharma eka jIvanadhyeya mAnyuM che. dharma, kAma ane mokSa e traNe puruSArtane siddha karatI pravRttio to ja zakya bane ke jo mANasa pAse bhautika saMpatti hoya. Ama, bhautika saMpattine Avazyaka gaNIne hindu dharma tenI prAptinA prayatnone biradAve che paNa sAthe sAthe eka mahattvanI zarata mUke che ane te e ke bhautika saMpatti dharma vaDe, sadAcaraNa vaDe ja meLavelI hovI joIe. bhraSTAcaraNa vaDe sAMpaDelI saMpatti jIvananA dhyeyane siddha karavAmAM upakAraka nahi, paNa bAdhAkAraka nIvaDe che. 3. kAmaH kAma eTale ezaArAma ane viSayabhogamAMthI prApta thatuM sukha. dareka mANase sAdu thaI javuM joIe ane tapapradhAna temaja kaSTadAyaka jIvana jIvavuM joIe evo hindu dharmano upadeza nathI. AthI UlaTuM, hindu dharmanI dRSTie kAma eka puruSArtha che. manusmRti kahe che ke "mANasa kAmanAono gulAma banI jAya e IcchavAyogya nathI, chatAM jenAmAM kAmanAno abhAva hoya tevo mANasa A jagatamAM bhAgye ja maLe che. Ama, mANasamAM sukhopabhoganI kAmanA che e hakIkatano svIkAra karIne hindu dharme mANasane e mATe pravRtta thavAnI chUTa ApI che. joke ahIM paNa sadAcaraNano Agraha joradAra che. hinduzAstro pokArI pokArIne ema kahyA kare che ke je mANasa nIti ke dharmanI maryAdA oLaMgIne sukhanI zodhamAM nIkaLe che te Akhare to A loka ane paralokamAM paNa duHkhI ja thAya che. 4. mokSa : mokSa eTale AtyaMtika (kAyama mATenI) duHkhanivRtti ane zAzvata AnaMdanI prApti. hindu dharmanI dRSTie mANasa mAtranuM AkharI jIvanadhyeya mokSa ja hovuM ghaTe. mokSa e parama puruSArtha che, kAraNa ke dharma, artha ane kAma e traNa puruSArthathI je kaMI siddha thAya che te nAzavaMta che ane tethI e traNa puruSArthane siddha karavAnA prayatnomAMthI mANasane kAyamI zAMti prApta thAya e sarvathA asaMbhavita che. Ama, hindu dharmanI dRSTie DAhyA mANasanuM e parama kartavya che ke jIvananA aMtima dhyeya ke parama puruSArtharUpa mokSane te avagaNe nahi. guNAtItAnaMda svAmI kahe che ke "karoDa kAma bagADIne paNa mokSa sudhAravo ne kadApi karoDa kAma sudhAryA ne eka mokSa bagaDyo

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68 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo to zuM karyuM?"4 Ama mokSane avagaNIne meLavelI badhI jIvanasiddhio hindu puruSArtha vicArasaraNAnI daSTie tuccha che. mokSanuM svarUpa ane tenI prApti mATenA sAdhanamArgonI vicAraNA ahIM jarUrI nathI; kAraNa ke AgalA prakaraNamAM ApaNe e saMbaMdhI nirUpaNa kareluM ja che. 2. varNadharma? ApaNe joyuM ke hindu dharmanI dRSTie dharma e pAyAno puruSArtha che. pratyeka hindue kartavyapAlanarUpa sadAcaraNa vaDe sadguNI banavAnuM che. dareka mANasa pAse badhA prakAranA sadguNonI AzA rAkhavI e mAnasvabhAva aMgenuM ghora ajJAna pragaTa karavA barAbara che. AthI hindu dharmamAM judA judA svabhAvanA mANaso mATe judA judA sadguNonI keLavaNI para bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. judA judA svabhAvanA mANasone hindu dharmazAstro cAra vibhAgamAM vaheMce che : 1. brAhmaNa 2. kSatriya, 3. vaizya ane 4. zudra. A cAra varNo kahevAya che. hindu dharmamAM A cAre varNanA mANaso mATe judAM judAM kartavyo batAvavAmAM AvyAM che. ane e kartavyonA pAlana dvArA judA judA sadguNonI keLavaNInI himAyata karavAmAM AvI che. AnI saMkSipta samajUtI ApatAM gItakAra kahe che ke - brAhmaNo, kSatriya, vaizyo, zUdronA je svabhAvathI thayA bhinna guNo, teNe pADyA che karma bhedanA. zAMti, tapa, kSamA, zauca, zraddhA, nigraha, Arjava, jJAna, vijJAna - A karma brAhmaNonuM svabhAvathI. zaurya, teja, prajArakSA, bhAgavuM nahi yuddhathI, dakSatA, dAna ne dhairya - kSAtrakarma svabhAvathI khetI, vepAra, gaurakSA - vaizyakarma svabhAvathI; sevAbhAva bharyuM karma - zUdronuM e svabhAvathI."5 brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya ane zudra e cAra varNanI vyavasthA koI paNa janasamAjamAM kaI rIte jarUrI che e muddAnI samajUtI ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara dhruva lakhe che ke "varNa eTale raMga, dhaMdhAno raMga. dhaMdhAnA raMga pramANe janasamAjamAM cAra varNa zI rIte paDe ane paDyA e joIe. 1. vidyA bhaNavI ane bhaNAvavI, dharma pALavo ane upadezavo e brAhmaNano dhaMdho thayo. janasamAja enI meLe ja satya ane dharmane mArge cAlato hoya ane cAlI zakto hoya to satya-dharma zodhanAra ane upadezanAra brAhmaNa sivAya bIjA varNanI jarUra na paDe, balba brAhmaNa varNanI paNa na paDe ema kahIe to cAle. 2. paNa duniyA haMmezAM sIdhe ane sAthe mArge ja cAlatI nathI, janasamAjamAM aneka duSTajano corI, lUMTa vagere adharmanA mArga seve che, ane eka rAjya bIjA rAjya para hallo karI

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hindu dharmamAM nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya 69 ekabIjAnuM dravya, bhUmi vagere paDAvI levA yatna kare che. janasamAjanA A AMtara ane bahAranI duzmanone nukazAna karatA aTakAvavA mATe, tathA prajAne sukha ane kalyANane mArge caDhAvavA mATe, rAjyanI jarUra che. A rIte yuddha, daMDa ane prajApAlanano kSatriyano dhaMdho utpanna thayo. 3. paraMtu A kArya kAMI dravya vinA thaI zakatuM nathI. prajAnA rakSaNa mATe ane duzmano sAthe laDavA mATe temaja AkhA janasamAjanAM sAmAnya sukha mATe Dagalepagale dravyanI jarUra paDe che. e dravya utpanna karanAra varga te vaizya che. vaizyo khetI vagere dhaMdhAo karIne tathA paradeza sAthe vepAra calAvIne dravya pedA kare che. e vaDe teo jAte sukha bhogave che, rAjAne kara ApI rAjya calAvavAmAM madada kare che tathA lokahitanAM dAna karI janasamAjanA sukhamAM vadhAro kare che. 4. khetI, vepAra vagere dhaMdhAmAM koIka buddhi vApare to koIke zArIrika zrama (majUrI) paNa karavAM paDe. A zArIrika zrama karanAra te zUdra. A pramANe janasamAjamAM svAbhAvika niyamane anusarI cAra varNa utpanna thAya che ane samagra janasamAjanA hita mATe te darekanI jarUra che. balka, emAMno koI paNa varma bAkInA varNa vagara TakI zakato nathI ane potAnuM kArya karI zakato nathI e spaSTa che. RgyedasaMhitAnA kALamAM upara kahyA te cAra varNa paDI cUkyA che : janasamAjamAM upara batAvyuM tema e enI meLe paDe che ja. tethI e granthanA puruSasUktamAM batAvyuM che te e ke A cAra varNa je janasamAjamAM jovAmAM Ave che te eka mahApuruSa (cetana janasamAja)nA ja avayavo che, sau maLI eka zarIra bane che. brAhmaNa enuM mukha che, kSatriya te bAhu, vaizya te Usa ane zUdra te paga che-ema e sUkta te te varNanAM kArya pramANe alaMkAranI vANImAM nirdeza kare che. koIpaNa varNane ucca ke nIcA mAnI bIjA varNano tiraskAra karavAno eno upadeza nathI. AkhuM zarIra jema paga para UbhuM rahe che, mukha, bAhu ane Uru paNa jema pagane AdhAre ja rahelAM che, tema Akho janasamAja zudra upara TakI rahyo che ema artha karIe to paNa cAle. vastutaH sarva avayavane ekabIjAnI jarUra che. temAM mukha vaDe manuSya potAnA vicAranI, zabda dvArA ekabIjAne Apa-le kare che, ane vicAra te manuSyanI uttama bakSisa che teTalA pUrato ja brAhmaNavarNane zreSTha kahevAmAM artha rahelo che." mANasonA judA judA svabhAva ane judA judA dhaMdhA ke karmonI sAmAjika jarUriyAta e be bAbatone anulakSIne ja hindu dharmamAM varNavyavasthA svIkAravAmAM AvI che. gItAmAM zrIkRSNa spaSTa kahe che ke, "guNa ane karmanA vibhAga pramANe cAra varNa meM utpanna karyA che." Ama, mANasano varNa tenA svabhAva ane vyavasAya parathI nakkI thAya che, janmathI nahi. brAhmaNanAM saMtAno brAhmaNa hoya, kSatriyanAM saMtAnomAM kSatriyanA guNa hoya, vepArI ke kheDUtanA putramAM potAnAM pitAnA dhaMdhAnI AvaData

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo hoya ane zudranAM saMtAno majUrI karI zake tevAM zarIra ane svabhAvanAM hoya ema hindu dharmamAM kAmacalAu dhoraNe svIkAravAmAM Ave che. paNa A rIte karavAmAM AvatA varNanirNaya AkharI nathI. manusmRtimAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke, "je brAhmaNa vidyAvyAsaMga choDIne bIje kyAMka majUrI kare che te A janme ja zudra banI jAya che."8 vaLI, "potAnA cAritrya vaDe brAhmaNa zUdra banI jAya che ane zudra brAhmaNa banI zake che. kSatriya ane vaizyakuLamAM janmelAone paNa A ja niyama lAgu paDe che." Ama, ApaNe joIe chIe ke mANasanA svabhAva ane vyavasAya parathI teno varNa nakkI thAya che, ane varNa parathI tenAM kartavyo ane sadguNo nakkI thAya che. samAjamAM potAnuM je sthAna hoya te pramANenAM kartavyo karavA ane tene anurUpa sadguNo khIlavavA e hindu dharmanA mate dareka mANasano "svadharma che. je mANasa potAnAM kartavyonI upekSA kare che ane bIjAnAM kartavyomAM hastakSepa kare che te mANasa hindu dharmanI dRSTie "svadharmane choDIne 'paradharmanuM AcaraNa kare che. AthI gItAmAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, "svadharma pALatAM mRtyu thAya topaNa te hitAvaha che, jyAre paradharma bhayAvaha che." gItAnA A kathananuM vivaraNa karatAM gAMdhIjI lakhe che ke, "samAjamAM ekano dharma jhADu kADhavAno hoya ne bIjAno dharma hisAba rAkhavAno hoya. hisAba rAkhanAra bhale uttama gaNAya chatAM jhADu kADhanAra jo potAno dharma choDe to bhraSTa thAya ne samAjane hAni pahoMce"10 varNavyavasthA ane jJAtivyavasthA vacceno bhedaH varNadharmanuM nirUpaNa purUM karatAM pahelAM varNavyavasthA ane jJAtivyavasthAno bheda spaSTa karavo jarUrI che. varNavyavasthA e varNadharma ke svadharmanA pAlana mATenI vyakti ane samAja ubhayanA hitanI vyavasthA che. A vyavasthAnI AvakAradAyakatA aMge be mata hoI zake ja nahi. jJAtivyavasthA AnA karatAM judA prakAranI vyavasthA che. judA judA pradezonA vasavATa parathI, judA judA dhaMdhA parathI, judA judA prakAranI jIvanarIti parathI ema aneka rIte astitvamAM AvelI asaMkhya jJAtio vartamAna hindu samAjamAM jovA maLe che. Ama vargo cAra ja che jyAre jJAtio asaMkhya che. vaLI, jema mANasanA varNano nirNaya tenA guNa ane karma parathI karavAnI jevI jogavAI varNavyavasthAmAM che tevI jJAtivyavasthAmAM nathI. mANasanI jJAtino nirNaya to tenA janmathI ja thAya che. chelle, hindu dharmazAstromAM varNadharma ke svadharmanA pAlana mATe varNavyavasthAno ja Adeza che. jJAtivyavasthA e amuka prakAranI sAmAjika paristhitinuM pariNAma che. vartamAna samAjanI jarUriyAtone anulakSIne jJAtivyavasthAmAM kazo pheraphAra karavAmAM Ave to tethI hindudharmanA varNadharmane ke svadharmanA siddhAMtane koI AMca Ave nahi, kAraNa ke gAMdhIjI kahe che tema "varNane AjanI nyAta joDe kaso saMbaMdha nathI. temaja varNatara bhojana ane vivAhaniSedha varNadharmanuM svIkAranuM Avazyaka aMga nathI."

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hindu dharmamAM nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya 71 3. Azramadharma: varNadharmamAM vyaktinAM kartavyo ke sadAcaraNano vicAra tenA sAmAjika sthAna ane kAryane anulakSIne karavAmAM Ave che. AzramadharmamAM vyakti potAnA jIvananI kaI avasthAe che e bAbatane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne tenA mATenA sadAcaraNanA niyamo ghaDavAmAM Ave che. hindu dharmamAM mANasanA vyaktigata jIvananI cAra avasthAo ke kakSAo svIkAravAmAM AvI che, ane e pratyekane "Azrama' nAma apAyuM che. Ama, Azramo cAra che : 1. brahmacaryAzrama 2. gRhasthAzrama 3. vAnaprasthAzrama ane 4. saMnyAzrama. ahIM vaparAyelA "Azrama" zabdanI samajUtI ApatAM AnaMdazaMkara dhruve lakhyuM che ke "RSio jema vanamAM "Azrama" - raheThANa bAMdhIne rahetA, tema sAdhAraNa manuSya A saMsArarUpI vanamAM rahIne pavitra jIvana gALavuM hoya to gALI zake te mATe emaNe bAMdhelAM A raheThANa yAne "Azrama' che."12 A cAre Azramo ane temanAM dharmonI samajUtI nIce pramANe che : 1. brahmacaryAzrama : brahmacaryAzrama eTale vidyA bhaNavAno, brahmacaryanuM pAlana karavAno ane zista temaja khaDatalapaNuM meLavavAno gALo. pAMcathI ATha varSanI uMmare zarU thato vidyAbhyAsa lagabhaga paccIsa varSe pUro thAya che. A samagra gALo brahmacaryAzramano che. brahmacaryAzramI ke vidyArthInA dharmono khyAla meLavavAmAM manusmRtimAMthI lIdhelA nIcenA utArAo upayogI thaze : "brahmacArIe madya, mAMsa, sugaMdhI dravyo, mALAo, raso (rasanA indriyane game tevA padArtho), strIo, saghaLA prakAranA Asavo ane AthAo ane prANIonI hiMsA e badhAMno tyAga karavo, vaLI, teNe zarIre tela na coLavuM, AMkhamAM AMjaNa na AMjavuM, joDA na paheravA ane chatrI na oDhavI, kAma, krodha, lobha, nRtya ane gItavAdanano paNa tyAga karavo. vaLI jUgaTuM, phogaTa paMcAyata, pArakI niMdA ane asatyane choDavAM; temaja strIone jovAno, temane AliMgana karavAno ane pArakAnuM bhUMDuM karavAno paNa tyAga karavo."13. gurue AjJA karI hoya ke na karI hoya, topaNa brahmacArIe potAnI meLe ja) nitya adhyayanamAM tathA AcAryanAM hitakAryomAM yatna karavo."14 "mAtApitA bALakonA janma-uchera mATe je kaleza sahe che teno seMkaDo varSe paNa badalo vALI zakAto nathI. te mAtApitA tathA AcAryanuM sarvakALe priya karavuM; kema ke e traNeya saMtuSTa thAya che to ja sarva tapanuM phaLa sArI rIte pAmI zakAya che."15 2.gRhasthAzramaH gRhasthAzrama eTale saMsAramAM rahI jagatanI sukha-saMpattimAM umero thAya ane tenI sarva prakAre unnati thAya te mATe prabaLa puruSArtha karavAno gALo. jIvananA pahelA cothA bhAgamAM vidyAbhyAsa pUro karyA pachI bIjA cothA bhAga daramiyAna eTale ke paccIsathI pacAsa varSanI uMmara daramiyAna dareka hindue gRhasthAzramanA dharmo pALavAnA hoya che. potAnA dharmamAM sthira rahevA mATe gRhasthAzramIe

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo je bAbatanuM niraMtara anusaMdhAna rAkhavAnuM hoya che tenI upadeza nIce ApelAM taittirIya upaniSadanAM dIkSAMta vacano (vidyAbhyAsa pUro thaye jIvananA bhAthArUpe gurU taraphathI maLelI zIkhomAM che. satya bolaje, dharmanuM AcaraNa karaje, svAdhyAyamAM ALasa karato nahi, gurUne saMtoSa thAya evI emane dakSiNA ApIne gRhasthAzramanA dharmonA pAlanano saMkalpa karaje ane prajAtaMtuno uccheda karIza nahi. satyathI caLato nahi. dharmathI caLato nahi. kuzaLatA choDI deto nahI. ezvarya meLavavA mATe ALasane choDI deje svAdhyAya ane pravacanamAM ALasa karato nahIM deva ane pitRnA kAryamAM ALasa karato nathI. mAtAne deva samAna gaNaje, pitAne deva samAna gaNaje, gurune deva samAna gaNaje, atithine deva samAna gaNaje. je anizvita ane (nirdoSa) karmo che, te karavA - bIjA nahI. je amArA zreSTha AcaraNo che te AcaravA - bIjA nahIM. je amArAmAM zreSTha brAhmaNo che temane Asana ApI tAre temano thAka utAravo. zraddhA pUrvaka dAna ApavuM. azraddhAthI ApavuM nahI. vaibhava anusAra ApavuM, vinaya pUrvaka ApavuM, zAstronI AjJAno bhaya rAkhIne ApavuM, deza - kALa - pAtra jANIne ApavuM. jo tane zrota-smArta karmanI bAbatamAM athavA kulAcAranA bAbatamAM zaMkA thAya to tyAM je vicArazIla, jitendriya, karma karavAmAM samartha, saraLa buddhinA ane dharmamAM prItivALA brAhmaNo hoya jeo jema te te bAbatamAM vartatA hoya tema tuM vartaje, temaja jo te puruSo pratye doSanI zaMkA utpanna thAya to tyAM je bIjA vicArazIla, jitendriya, karma karavAmAM samartha, saraLa buddhinA ane dharmamAM prItivALA brAhmaNo hoya, teo jema te te zaMkAnI bAbatamAM vartatA hoya tema tuM vartaje. A AjJA che, A upadeza che, A vedanuM gUDha rahasya che, A IzvaranuM vacana che"16 bhAgavatamAM kahyuM che ke, "buddhimAna gRhastha jeTalo khapa hoya te pramANe zarIra tathA gharamAM bhogya vastuo sevavI ane pote virakta hoya to paNa rAgInI peThe manuSyalokamAM manuSyapaNuM sthApavuM-puruSArtha prakaTa karavo.... jeTalAthI potAnuM peTa bharAya teTalA ja dhAnyAdimAM prANIonI potAnI mAlikI che, e sivAya vadhArAnA dhAnyAdine je potAnuM mAne che, te cora hoI, zikSApAtra che."17 Ama, hindu dharmanI dRSTie gRhasthano e parama dharma che ke te prabaLa puruSArtha karIne dhanasaMpatti meLave ane teno upayoga kevaLa potAnA aMgata sukha mATe ja na karatAM samAjasevAnA kAmamAM paNa teno chUTe hAthe upayoga kare ane jo A rIte sadgahastho dvArA dAna maLI rahe to ja samAjasevAnI vividha saMsthAo ane jIvananA vividha Azramo TakI zake. AthI ja manusmRti kahe che ke, "jema sarva jIvo prANavAyune AdhAre jIve che tema sarva Azramo gRhasthAzramane AdhAre nabhe che."18 jo dAna ApavuM e gRhasthano parama dharma hoya to harAmanuM khAvuM, kAmacorI, karacorI, zoSaNakhorI ke lAMcaruzvatathI pArakuM dhana paDAvI laIne teno potAnA aMgata

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73 hindu dharmamAM nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya sukha ane ezaArAma mATe upayoga karavo e gRhasthane mATe moTuM pApa ke adharma banI rahe che. manusmRti kahe che ke, "je gRhasthAzramI haMmezAM parAtrathI (pArakAnA parasevAthI pedA thayelA dhana ane annathI) puSTa bane che, tenAM dAna, yajJa, tapa ane adhyayana je tenI mahenatanuM khAto hoya tenAM thaI jAya che; ane maraNa pachI te tenA annadAtAne tyAM (janI mahenatano lAbha pote uThAvyo che tene tyAM) pazurUpe avatare che."19 keLavaNInI saMsthAo, davAkhAnAM, anAthAzramo, dharmazALAo vagere sAmAjika saMsthAone dareka rIte sahAyabhUta thavA tatpara evo gRhastha potAnA kuTuMbanI upekSA kare te svAbhAvika rIte yogya gaNAya nahi. AthI hindu dharmazAstromAM gRhasthane evI AjJA ApavAmAM AvI che ke te kuTuMbamAM sukha, samRddhi, saMpa ane zAMtinI vRddhi thAya te mATe niraMtara kALajI rAkhe ane vRddho, bImAra mANaso,strIo, atithio, nokaro ane DhoraDhAMkaranI paNa premabharI saMbhALa levAmAM sAvadhAna rahe. 3. vAnaprasthAzrama : vAnaprasthAzrama eTale gRhasthAzramamAMthI nivRtta thaI ekAMtamAM sAdhanA karavAno gALo. hindu zAstrono Adeza che ke mANasa jyAre ekAvanamAM varSamAM praveza kare tyAre jANe ke teNe vanamAM praveza karyo ema samajIne saMsArathI nivRtta ane virakta thavAno teNe prayatna karavo joIe. Ama, vAnaprasthAzramIno e dharma che ke te brahmacaryAzrama daramiyAna meLavelI vidyA ane gRhasthAzrama daramiyAna meLavelA anubhavano upayoga karIne potAnI buddhine sthira kare ane jagatanA nAzavaMta padArtho ane saMbaMdhomAMthI potAnI vRtti pAchI kheMcI laIne jJAnayoga, karmayoga ke bhaktiyoganI sAdhanA vaDe AtmA ane paramAtmAno sAkSAtkAra karavAno jIvanamukta banavAno yatna kare. 4. saMnyAsAzramaH saMnyAzrama eTale sarva prakAranA saMgano tyAga karIne ekAkI AtmArUpe kevaLa lokahitamAM ja rata rahevAno gALo. vAnaprasthAzramamAM zarU karelI sAdhanA purI thatAM sAdhaka sAdhaka maTIne siddha bane che ane te pachI tenA jIvanano cotho bhAga ke saMnyAzrama zarU thAya che. saMnyAsInI AdhyAtmika sthitinuM varNana karatAM gItAkAra kahe che ke - "Asakta nahi je kyAMya, jitAtma, nispRhI sadA, para niSkarmanI siddhi tene saMnyAsathI maLe"20 Ama, jIvanmuktanI dazAne pAmIne saMnyAsI jagangano dharma samajAve che, eTale ke potAne thayela jJAnalAbhano kevaLa lokakalyANArthe samabhAvapUrvaka upadeza kare che. saMnyAsInA upadezanI vANI ane tenA samagra vartanamAM satya ane ahiMsAnuM keTalI hade pAlana thavuM joIe e bAbatano khyAla manusmRti ane zikSApatrInAM nIcenA vacano parathI Avaze :

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74 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo manusmRtimAM lakhyuM che ke, "saMnyAsIe satya ane ahiMsAthI yukta temaja apakAra, kapaTa, kaThoratA, krUratA ane niMdAthI rahita vANI bolavI. saMnyAsI daSTithI pavitra DagaluM mUke (jIvajaMtu kacaDAI na jAya tenI kALajI rAkhIne), vastrathI gALeluM pANI pIe ane satyathI pavitra thayelI vANI bole.."21 ( zikSApatrI kahe che ke saMnyAsIne "koIka kumativALA duSTajana hoya, ne te potAne gALa de athavA mAre to e sahana ja karavuM; paNa tene sAmI gALa na devI; ne mAravo nahi; ane tenuM jema hita thAya tema ja manamAM ciMtavana karavuM; paNa tenuM bhUMDu thAya evo to saMkalpa paNa na karavo."22 brahmacaryAzrama, gRhasthAzrama, vAnaprasthAzrama ane saMnyAsAzramanI uparyukta vyavasthA mANasane kramika rIte jIvananA parama puruSArtha-mokSa tarapha laI javAnI vyavasthA che. hindu dharma ema mAne che ke sAmAnya rIte mANasa A rItanI cAra avasthAomAMthI pasAra thaIne pUrNatAne pAmato hoya che. paraMtu temAM apavAdane paNa avakAza che. dA.ta. zaMkarAcArye brahmacaryAzrama pachI sIdho ja saMnyAsAzramano svIkAra karyo hato. AzramavyavasthA aMge eka noMdhapAtra muddo e che ke varNavyavasthAnI jema AzramavyavasthA paNa mAnavasvabhAvanA UMDA jJAna para racAyelI che ane tethI jevI rIte koI paNa samAjamAM varNavyavasthA jevI koI vyavasthA hoya e vyakti ane samAjanA hitanI dRSTie jarUrI che tevI ja rIte koI paNa vyaktinA jIvanamAM AzramavyavasthA jevI koI vyavasthA hoya e tenA naitika ane AdhyAtmika vikAsa mATe atyaMta jarUrI che. brahmacaryAzrama, gRhasthAzrama, vAnaprasthAzrama ane saMnyAzrama e cAra AzramomAM chello Azrama evo che ke tyAM sudhIno vikAsa eka ja janme to virala saMtapuruSo ja sAdhI zake. paNa brahmacaryAzrama ane gRhasthAzramanA dharmonuM pAlana karIne pachI nivRttivaye vAnaprasthAzramInI rIte rahevAno yatna karavAnuM to koI paNa mANasa mATe zakya che. Ama, "jamAno badalAyo che ema bahAnuM batAvIne AzramavyavasthAnAM sanAtana tatvone avagaNavAne badale e sanAtana tattvone anusarIne potAnA samagra jIvanane brahmacaryAzrama, gRhasthAzrama ane vAnaprasthAzramanI yojanAmAM goThavavAno sAvadhAnIpUrvaka prayatna karavo e pratyeka hinduno dharma che. Ajano hindu A dharmathI calita thayo che e vAtano aphasosa karatAM gAMdhIjI kahe che ke "tame hindustAnanA cAre khUNA pharI vaLo toya tamane sAco brahmacArI ke sAco gRhastha zodhyoe jaDaze nahi, vAnaprasthAzramI ane saMnyAsInI to vAta ja kyAM rahI?"23 jarUra che. ApaNe hindu dharmanA sAcA hArdane ApaNA hRdayamAM punaH pragaTa karIe ane pachI pUchIe ke tenAthI ApaNA AtmAne saMtoSa maLe che ke nahi."24

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hindu dharmamAM nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya 75 4. sAdhAraNa dharma : sAdhAraNa dharma eTale dareka mANase pALavAno sadAcAra, sAdhAraNa dharmane "sAmAnya dharma" temaja "sArvavarNika dharmane nAme paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che, kAraNa ke A dharmanuM pAlana game te varNa ke AzramanA harakoI mANase karavAnuM che. hindu dharmazAstroe badhA mANaso mATe sarvasamAnapaNe nakkI karelA sadAcArano khyAla melavavAmAM yAjJavakya smRti bhagavadgItA ane zrImad bhAgavatanAM anukrame nIce ApelA vacano upayogI thaze. 1. "ahiMsA, satya, asteya(corI na karavI), pavitratA, indrayanigraha, dAna, dama, dayA, kSamA-e sarva (manuSyo)nuM dharmanuM sAdhana che."25 2. "he bhArata ! abhaya, aMtaHkaraNanI zuddhi, jJAna ane yogane vize niSThA, dAna, dama, yA(sAdhanA) svAdhyAya, tapa, saraLatA, ahiMsA, satya, akrodha, tyAga, zAMti, apezana (koInI cADI na khAvI te), bhUtadayA, alolupatA, mRdutA, maryAdA, acaMcaLatA teja, kSamA dhRti, zauca, adroha, nirAbhimAna- ATalA guNo."26 manuSyanI daivI saMpatti che. 3. "he pAMDava! satya, dayA, tapa, zauca(pavitratA), titikSA(sahanazIlatA), IkSA(yogyAyogya viveka), zama (zarIrano saMyama), dama (indriyasaMyama), ahiMsA, brahmacarya, tyAga (dAna), svAdhyAya(zAstrAbhyAsa), Arjava, saMtoSa, samadaSTivALu vartana, dhIre dhIre viSayothI vairAgya, mANasonI kriyA avaLI kema jAya che teno vicAra, mauna, AtmajJAna, potAnAM annAdimAMthI yathAyogya bIjAM prANIne bhAga Apavo te, sarva prANIo ane temAM paNa vizeSa karIne mANasone AtmA tathA devarUpa jANavAM te (tathA): mahAtmAonI gatirUpa bhagavAnanuM zravaNa, kIrtana, smaraNa, sevA, IjyA(pUjA), namaskAra, dAsya, sakhya ane AtmasamarpaNa-ema trIsa lakSaNovALo A uttama dharma sarva puruSone kahelo che."27 upara gaNAvelA saddaguNonA AcaraNarUpa dharmanA pAlanamAM vighnarUpa doSo gaNAvIne temane TALavAno upadeza mahAbhAratakAre Apelo cheH "he dhRtarASTra ! dasa jaNa dharmane jANatA nathI emane tame barAbara jANI lo. uddhata, pramAdI, nazAmAM Avelo, thAkelo, krodhI, bhUkhyo, utAvaLo, bIkaNa, lobhI ane kAmI e (dharmane nahi jANanArA) dasa jaNa che. AthI DAhyA mANase A AvezomAM AvavuM nahi."28 yAjJavalkaya smRti, gItA ane bhAgavatamAM gaNAvavAmAM AvelA sadguNonI uparyukta yAdI jotAM e spaSTa thaze ke mANasa kevaLa naitika dRSTi (dharmanirapekSa evI naiitika dRSTi) e ghaNo sAro mANasa bane eTalAthI hindu dharmazAstrone saMtoSa nathI. A zAstrono abhiprAya evo che ke naitika dRSTie AdarzarUpa gaNI zakAya tevo mANasa te ja che ke jenAmAM ucca prakAranA naitika guNo uparAMta jIvana pratyenI AdhyAtmika daSTi (AtmA ane paramAtmAnA astitvano svIkAra karIne temane jIvanamAM

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76 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo kendrasthAne mukanArI dRSTi) ane bhaktibhAvanAnuM poSaNa karanArA guNo paNa hoya. Ama, hindu daSTie sAco sadAcArI mANasa sAdhanApaMthano pravAsI hoya che. pratyeka mANasa Avo sadAcArI bane tevI hindu dharmanI apekSA che ane tethI ja A prakAranA sadAcArane mANasamAtrano sAdhAraNa dharma gaNavAmAM Avyo che. 2. hindu dharmamAM bhaktibhAvanA ane tenI abhivyakti 1. bhaktinuM svarUpa : ' bhaktinI vyAkhyA : nAradabhaktisUtramAM bhaktinA svarUpanuM A rIte varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che : "have ame bhaktinI vyAkhyA karIe chIe. bhagavAnamAM parama prema e bhaktinuM svarUpa che, te amRtasvarUpa paNa che, je meLavIne manuSya siddha thAya che, amara thAya che ane tRpta thAya che. te maLyA pachI manuSyane koI prakAranI IcchA rahetI nathI. tene zoka thato nathI, te dveSa karato nathI. koI vastumAM Asakta thato nathI ane tene viSayabhoga mATe utsAha raheto nathI. te parama premarUpa bhaktine jANIne manuSya unmatta thaI jAya che, zAMta thaI jAya che, AtmAmAM ramaNa karavAvALo thAya che."29 bhaktinuM sAdhana hindu dharmazAstroe saMtapuruSonA satsaMgane bhaktinA udbhavanuM mukhya sAdhana mAneluM che. bhAgavatamAM kahyuM che ke "mahAna sAdhupuruSonI sevA e mokSanuM dvAra che ane strIonA saMgIono saMga e narakanuM dvAra che. je samadaSTivALA hoya, zAMta, krodharahita, sarvanA mitra ane sadAcAravALA hoya temane mahAna sAdhupuruSa samajavA"30 AvA sAdhupuruSonA samAgamathI mumukSu A jagatanA rAgamAMthI mukta thaI kevaLa bhagavAnano anurAgI bane che ane gItAmAM kahyA pramANe "je bhagavAnano anurAgI che te bhagavAnamAM ane bhagavAna tenAmAM rahe che."31 AthI bhAgavatamAM bhagavAna kahe che ke "sarva prakAranA saMgathI choDAvI de evA satsaMga dvArA huM jevo vaza thAuM chuM, tevo yoga, sAMkhya dharma, svAdhyAya, tapa, tyAga, ISTa, pUrta, dakSiNA vrata, yajJa, veda, tIrtha, yama, niyama vagere koI sAdhanathI vaza thato nathI.32 premI bhaktino mahimA : saMtapuruSo ane bhagavAnanI kRpAthI33 jemanAmAM zuddha premasvarUpa bhaktino udaya thayo hoya evA ananya ke ekAMtika bhaktano mahimA samajAvatAM nAradabhaktisUtra jaNAve che ke "evA ananyabhakta kaMThAvarodha, romAMca ane azruyukta netravALA thaI paraspara saMbhASaNa karatA potAnA kuLane ane pRthvIne paNa pavitra kare che. evA bhakto tIrthone sutIrtha kare che, karmone sukarma kare che ane zAstrone sallAstra kare che, kAraNa ke teo tanmaya thaIne rahe che. AvA bhaktone joI pitRo vidyA, rUpa, kuLa, dhana ane kriyAno bheda raheto nathI, kAraNa ke badhA bhakto bhagavAnanA ja che."34

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hindu dharmamAM nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya bhaktinA prakAra : bhAgavatamAM bhaktinA nava prakAro gaNavAmAM AvyA che : bhagavAnanI kathAonuM zravaNa, kIrtana ane smaraNa; bhagavAnanuM pAdasevana, arcana ane vaMdana; temaja bhagavAna pratye dAsyabhAva, sakhyabhAva ane Atmanivedanano bhAva.3pa A nava prakAromAM pahelA cha prakAranI bhakti bAhya kriyAo sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che ane te sAdhyarUpa temaja sAdhanarUpa baMne hoI zake che. AvI sAdhanarUpa bhaktine vaidhibhakti ke gauNI bhakti paNa kahe che. gauNI bhaktinA tAmasI, rAjasI ane sAttvikI evA traNa cAra prakAra bhAgavatamAM gaNAvavAmAM AvelA che. je mANasa bhakti rAjasI che ane je mANasa sarva karma bhagavAnane arpaNa karIne sAcI bhaktibhAvanAnA udaya mATe bhakti kare che tenI bhakti sAttvikI che.36 sAttvikI bhakti ane satsaMgathI bhaktamAM bhagavAna pratye dAsyabhAva, sakhyabhAva ane Atmanivedanano bhAva udaya pAme che ane e rIte te ananya, ekAMtika ke premIbhaktanI sthitine pAme che. bhaktiyogane siddha kare che. - bhakti, zaraNAgati ane sadAcaraNa: bhaktiyogane siddha karAvanAra sAttvikI bhakti ane satsaMga karanAra bhaktamAM bhagavAna pratye zaraNAgatinI bhAvanA hoya ane bhagavAnanI AjJArUpa sadAcaraNanA pAlanano daDha Agraha hoya e hindu dharmazAstroe khUba jarUrI mAnya che. gItAmAM bhagavAna zrIkRSNa arjunane kahe che ke "mArAmAM mana lagADa, mAro bhakta thA, mAre mATe yajJa kara, mane namaskAra kara. (ema karavAthI) tu mane ja pAmIza e mArI satya pratijJA che. tuM mane priya che. badhA dharmono (ahaMtA ane mamatAmAMthI janmatA badhA Agrahono) tyAga karIne eka mAruM ja zaraNa le. huM tane badhAM pApothI mukta karIza. zoka na kara."37 jeNe bhagavAnanuM zaraNa svIkAryuM hoya tene bhagavAna sivAyanA koI phaLanI Asakti na hovI joIe ane tenuM A pramANe karelI che : "eka vakhata guru vasiSTha, brAhmaNo ane nagaravAsIone AmaMtraNa ApI bolAvIne janmamaraNano nAza karanAra bhagavAna raghunAthajIe pravacana karyuM : he samasta nagarajano ! sAMbhaLo, huM hRdayamAM mamatva lAvIne kaheto nathI, temaja (huM kahuM chuM temAM) anIti ke prabhutA paNa nathI; mATe sAMbhaLo, ane jo ThIka lAge to te pramANe varto. te ja mAro sevaka che ane te ja mane ati priya che, ke je mArI AjJA mAne che. te bhAIo ! jo huM kaMI anIti kaheto houM to bhaya choDIne mane aTakAvajo...mAro dAsa kahevaDAvI manuSya AzA rAkhe-klAsakti rAkhe-to eno (mArAmAM) vizvAsa kyAM che? ghaNI vadhArIne zI vAta kahuM? bhAIo ! huM AcaraNane ja vaza chuM."38

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78 jagatanA vidyamAna dhamAM 2. bhaktibhAvanAnI abhivyakti hindu dharmamAM bhaktibhAvanAnI abhivyakti kathAkIrtana dvArA, mUrtipUjA ane prArthanA dvArA temaja vrato ane utsavo dvArA karavAmAM Ave che. bhaktibhAvanAnI abhivyaktinI A vividha rIto saMkSepamAM varNavIe. 1. kathAkIrtana : hindu maMdiromAM bhagavAnanI kathA, kIrtana ane dhUnabhajanAdino kAryakrama nityakarmarUpe rAkhavAmAM Ave che. hindu kuTuomAM paNa rojanA svAdhyArUpe kathAkIrtana ane dhUnabhajana thavAM joIe evI zAstrAjJA che. A uparAMta vidvAna purohitane bolAvI bhAgavatake rAmAyaNa jevA graMthanI kathA karAvavAno temaja bhajanamaMDaLIone nimaMtrIne dhUna-bhajanano kAryakrama yojavAno rivAja paNa hinduomAM che. karIne tenuM vidhisaranuM pUjana karavAmAM Ave che. bhagavAnanI mUrti eTale viSNu, ziva, sUrya, gaNapati ane zakti e paMcAyatanamAMnA koInI ke zrIkRSNa, rAmacaMdrajI vagere avatAromAMnA koInI dhAtunI, pASANanI, kASThanI ke cItarelI pratimA. gharamAM bhagavAnanI mUrtine mogherA mahemAnanI peThe e maMdiramAM tene mahArAjAdhirAjanI peThe sevavAmAM Ave che. eTale ke bhagavAnanI mUrti samakSa savAre, bapore, bapora pachInA samaye, saMdhyA samaye ane rAtre ema pAMca vAra Rtu pramANenAM vividha khAnapAna ane evAmIThAIno thALa dharAvavAmAM Ave che ane dhUpadIpa temaja ghaMTanAda sAthe bhagavAnanI AratI karavAmAM Ave che. hindu maMdiromAM darzanArthe janArA bhakto bhagavAnanI mUrtine puSpa, phaLa vagere kaMIka dharAvIne bhagavAnane praNAma kare che ane temanI pradakSiNA kare che. mAnasIpUjA : bhagavAnanI pULa mUrtinI uparyukta rIte pUjA karavAne badale dhyAnamAM besIne bhagavAnanI mUrtine mAnasika rIte dhArIne tenI e ja rIte pUjA karavAnI vidhi mAnasIpUjA kahevAya che. sthULa pUjA karatAM mAnasIpUjAno mahimA svAbhAvika rIte vizeSa che, kAraNa ke temAM sadhAtI ekAgratAne lIdhe bhaktibhAva vadhAre utkaTa banI zake che. mUrtipUjAnI samIkSA : mUrtipUjAnAM mUlya ane maryAdA aMgeno hindu dharmano dRSTikoNa spaSTa karavAnuM ahI jarUrI che. mUrtipUjAnuM svarUpa ane mUlya samajAvatAM AnaMdazaMkara dhruva lakhe che ke "hinduo mUrtithI para tattvane mUrtimAM pratyakSa kare che... mUrtipUjA e paramAtmAne saMkaDAvI nAkhavAnA prayatnamAMthI nIkaLI nathI, paNa eno avyavahita rIte sAkSAtkAra karavAnI utsuktAmAMthI uddabhavI che..... mUrtipUjA AliMgavAno prayatna che."39 AvA prayatnanuM kevaLa sAdhana tarIke ja mUlya che ema spaSTa karatAM gAMdhIjIe lakhyuM che ke "mUrtipUjA e manuSyasvabhAvanuM ja eka aMga che. ApaNe kaMI ne kaMI skUla vastune mAnavA pUjavAnA tarasyA rahIe chIe. mANasa

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hindu dharmamAM nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya bIjI jagA karatAM maMdira ke devAlayamAM ja kaMIka vadhAre zAMta ane sAtvika manovRttivALo bane che. enuM rahasya bIjuM zuM che? mUrti e upAsanAnI sahAyaka che huM mUrtipUjAne pApa mAnato nathI."40 mUrtipUjA dvArA je bhaktibhAva siddha karavAno che te thaI gayA pachI mUrtipUjA jarUrI rahetI nathI e vAta zivapurANamAM A rIte kahevAmAM AvI che : "IzvaranI hAjarI saheje anubhavAya e "sahaja samAdhinI avasthA uttama che dhyAnadhAraNA vagere kriyAo bIje naMbare che; mUrtinI pUjA trIje naMbare che; ane homa, yAtrA vagere cheka chellAM Ave che.41 prArthanA : mUrtipUjA aMgenA uparyukta hindu vicAro parathI spaSTa thaze ke hinduomAM mUrtipUjA thAya che paNa te anivAryapaNe thavI ja joIe evo hindu dharmano Agraha nathI ane tethI keTalAka hinduo mUrtipUjAnuM avalaMbana lIdhA sivAya paNa prArthanA kare che. hindu dharmanI dRSTie pUjA e prArthanAno ja eka prakAra che, prArthanAnA bIjA prakAromAM maMtrajApa, stotrapATha, bhagavAnanA kalyANakArI guNonuM ane temanA mahimAnuM ciMtavana, potAnA doSothI mukta thavA mATe temaja uttama prakAranI bhaktinA udaya mATe kRpAyAcanA, bhagavAnanI bhaktavatsalatA ane karuNAmayatAno anubhava, dhyAna vagereno samAveza thAya che. 3. vrato ane utsavo : varSanA amuka amuka divasoe jagatanA vyavahAramAM rajA pADIne nirAhArI ke mAtra phaLAhArI rahIne bhagavAnanAM dhyAnabhajana ane AtmanirIkSaNamAM Akho divasa gALavAno hindu dharmazAstroe Adeza Apelo che. gokulASTamI, rAmanavamI, mahinAmAM be vAra AvatI ekAdazI ane zivarAtrI e prakAranuM vrata karavA mATenA vizeSa jANItA divaso che. mANasanI AdhyAtmikatA ane bhaktibhAvanAnuM sAtatya jaLavAI rahe ane saMsAranI viTaMbaNAomAM te potAnA aMtima lakSyane sAva bhUlI na jAya te mATe A vratonI yojanA che. vratanA divaso e vyaktigata sAdhanAnA divaso to che ja. temanI sAmudAyika sAdhanA para paNa asara paDe te hetuthI hindu dharmazAstroe vratanA divasoe maMdiramAM ane ghera utsava manAvavAnI paNa AjJA karelI che. pro.mahAdevana kahe che tema maMdiro e sthaLamAM UbhA karavAmAM AvelAM pratIko che, jyAre utsavo e kALamAM goThavavAmAM AvelAM pratIko che. 42 vyApaka janasamudAyane IzvarAbhimukha banAvavAmAM A baMne prakAranAM pratIko ghaNo moTo bhAga bhajave che. 3. hindu dharmamAM vairAgyabhAvanA ane tenI abhivyakti 1. vairAgyanuM svarUpa : 1. vairAgyanI vyAkhyA : zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa ane gaMdha e pAMca guNo dharAvatA A jagatanA vividha bhautika padArthone mANasa anukrame potAnI zravaNendriya, sparzendriya negendriya, svAdendriya ane prANendriya e pAMca indriyo vaDe bhogave che.

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo paMcajJAnendriyonA viSayabhoga pratye mANasanuM mana svAbhAvika rIte Asakti anubhave che. viSayabhoga pratyenI AvI Asaktino je mANasamAM abhAva hoya te vairAgyazIla kahevAya che. Ama, vairAgya eTale paMcajJAnendriyonA viSayabhogamAM anAsakti ke te pratyenI udAsInatA. hindu dharmamAM vairAgyanI bhAvanAnuM mUlya kevaLa sAdhana tarIke ja che. AtmA ane paramAtmAnI prApti mATenI jJAnayoga, karmayoga ke bhaktiyoganI sAdhanAmAM AgaLa javA mATe vairAgyanI AvazyakatA che ane e dRSTie ja hindu dharmamAM vairAgyanuM mahattva che. mANasa jagatanA sukhopabhoga ane siddhinA rAgathI mukta thAya. vItarAga bane. paNa jo tenAmAM paramAtmAmAM anurAga na jAge to eno vairAgya zuSka ane nirarthaka che. ane evA vairAgyanuM hindu dharmanI dRSTie kaMI ja mUlya nathI. Ama, upara ApelI vairAgyanI vyAkhyA vairAgya aMgenI sAmAnya samaja rajU kare che. paNa temAM hindu vairAgyabhAvanAnI pUrepUrI nahi paNa phakta ardhI ja rajUAta che. vairAgya aMgenA hindu khyAlanI pUrI rajUAta thAya e rIte vairAgyanI vyAkhyA ApatAM zrI svAminArAyaNe lakhyuM che ke "bhagavAna vinA anya padArthamAM prIti nahi te vairAgya jANavo."43 viSayabhogamAM rAgano abhAva ane paramAtmAmAM rAgano atireka e vairAgyanAM baMne pAsAM hindu dharmanI dRSTie avibhakta che e muddAnI spaSTatA gAMdhIjIe paNa karelI che : "je aMtarmukha thayo che te ja Izvara sAkSAtkAra karI zake ane te ja parama AnaMda pAme. viSayothI nivRtta rahI karma karavA ane brahmasamAdhimAM ramavuM e be nokhI vastu nathI, paNa eka ja vastune jovAnI be daSTi che-eka sikkAnAM be pAsAM che."+-4 vairAgyanuM sAdhanaH IndriyonA viSayabhogathI maLatuM sukha nAzavaMta che. vAraMvAra viSaya bhogavavAmAM Ave to paNa tenI kyAreka tRpti thatI nathI; ane jIvAtmA tathA paramAtmAnA svarUpanA AnaMdanI sarakhAmaNImAM viSayabhoganuM sukha atizaya tuccha che-e traNa prakAranA vicArone vairAgyanI utpattinAM sAdhano mAnavAmAM AvyAM che. AthI hindu dharmazAstromAM A vicAronI vAraMvAra rajUAta karavAmAM Ave che. dA.ta., jagatanuM badhuM sukha nAzavaMta che e vicAra rajU karatAM bhAgavata kahe che ke "A jagatamAM koI paNano koI paNanI sAtheno sahavAsa kAyamI nathI. potAnA dehano sahavAsa paNa rahevAno nathI tyAM strI, putra dhanavaibhava vagere (sukhanAM sAdhano)nA sahavAsanI to vAta zI karavI ?"45 viSayabhogathI maLatA sukhathI kyAreka tRpti thatI nathI e vicAra manusmRtimAM A rIte rajU thayelo che "sArathi jema ghoDAone kAbumAM rAkhavA yatna kare che tema vidvAne AkarSaka viSayomAM bhaTakatI Indriyone kAbUmAM rAkhavA yatna karavo."46 kAraNa ke "viSayabhoganI kAmanA viSayonA upabhogathI zamatI nathI paNa UlaTI, jevI rIte agnimAM ghI jevuM homadravya nAkhavAthI agni vadhe che tevI rIte vadhye jAya che."47 viSayasukha karatAM AtmAno AnaMda kyAMye caDiyAtI che e

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hindu dharmamAM nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya 81 vicAra gItAnA A vacanamAM che : "brAhma viSayomAM jene Asakti nathI evo puruSa aMtaramAM je AnaMda bhogave che te akSacya AnaMda pelo brahmaparAyaNa puruSa bhogave che."48 2. vairAgyabhAvanAnI abhivyakti : ApaNe joyuM ke hindu dharmamAM vairAgyanA vicArane bhaktithI sAva alaga gaNavAmAM Avyo nathI ane tethI bhaktinI abhivyaktinI je rIto ApaNe joI e vairAgyanI abhivyaktinI rIto paNa che. jemAM Izvara pratyenA anurAgane sAcavIne jagata pratyenI anAsaktine vizeSarUpe pragaTa karavAmAM AvatI hoya tevI keTalIka kriyAo paNa hinduomAM pracalita che. dA.ta. vAnaprasthAzrama ane saMnyAsAzramanI yojanA, kaSTapradhAna tIrthayAtrAo, aThavADiyAmAM eka divasa ane samagra cAturmAsa (comAsAnA cAra mahinA) daramiyAna phakta eka ja TaMka bhojana karavAnuM vrata, kucAMdrAyaNAdi kaSTapradhAna vrato, niyata ke aniyatakAlIna maunavrata vagere vagere. . upasaMhAra : chellAM traNa prakAraNamAM ApaNe hindu dharmano abhyAsa karyo. hindu dharma aMgenI A rIte ApaNAM dhyAnamAM AvelI vigato jotAM e spaSTa thaze ke hindu dharmamAM sthaLamAM sthULa kakSAnA bhaktathI mAMDIne uttamottama kakSAnA yogIpuruSa sudhInA mANasonI dhArmika cetanAne poSavAnI jogavAI che. ane tethI dharma aMgenuM so TakA svAtaMtrya e hindu dharmanuM hArda banI rahe che. paramAtmAne nirguNa mAnavA ke saguNa mAnavA ke baMnethI para mAnavA ? saguNa paramAtmAne 1. nArAyaNa, 2. ziva, 3. gaNapati, 4. sUrya ane 5. mAtAjI - e pAMcamAMthI kayA rUpe kalpavA? paramAtmAnuM saguNarUpa dvibhuja, caturbhuja, aSTabhuja vageremAMthI kyuM rUpa dharAve che? jIvAtmAne paramAtmAthI bhinna mAnavo ke paramAtmAsvarUpa ja gaNavo? jJAnayoga, karmayoga ane bhaktiyoga e traNemAMthI koI eka yogane mahattva ApavuM ke traNeno samanvaya sAdhatI sAdhanA karavI? bhakti karavI to kyA prakAre ? mUrtipUjA karavI joIe ke nahi? bhagavAnanI prArthanA A jagatano koI lAbha meLavavA mATe karavI ke kevaLa niSkAma premabhAve ? kyA nAmano japa karavo ? kyAM vrato karavAM? kyA utsavo manAvavA? kyAM tIrthonI yAtrA karavI ? zuM japa, tapa, ane tIrtha dhArmika jIvanamAM anivArya che? - A badhA praznono potAnAM rUci ane saMyogone anukULa Ave tevo javAba meLavIne te pramANe potAnuM dhArmika jIvana goThavavAnI pratyeka hindune saMpUrNa chUTa che. tene mATe eka ja baMdhana che ane te che jIvana pratyenI naitika ane AdhyAtmika dRSTi. hindu varNAzramavyavasthA A dRSTie goThavAyelI che. Ama, pratyeka hindu pAsethI nirapavAdapaNe phakta eTalI ja apekSA rAkhavAmAM Ave che ke te varNAzramanA dharmo pALe, eTale ke te samAjamAM potAnAM sthAna mujabanAM kartavyonuM daDhapaNe pAlana kare ane potAnA jIvanane AdhyAtmika dRSTie goThave.

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82 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo samAjajIvananI naitika javAbadArIono svIkAra karavo ane vyaktigata jIvanane kevaLa bhautika stare nahi rAkhatAM AdhyAtmika stare laI javuM, e dharmamAtrano upadeza che ane tethI vasudhaiva suTum nAAdarzane varelI evI hindu dharmanI vyApaka daSTie, badhA dharmo hindu dharmo ja che. hindu dharmamAM rahelI A vyApaka dharmabhAvanAne lIdhe ja anya dharmanA anuyAyI pAse teno dharma choDAvIne hindu dharmano aMgIkAra karAvavAnI pravRttine hindu dharmamAM koI sthAna nathI hindu dharmanI dRSTie eka dharma ane bIjA dharma vacce koI bheda ja nathI ane tethI dharmAtara karavAno koI prazna ja upasthita thato nathI. hindu vicArako itara dharmo pratye kevuM valaNa dharAve che eno eka dAkhalo ApatAM vilasane lakhyuM che : "je brAhmaNoe vaoNrana hesTiMgsanA hukamathI mRti graMtho parathI hindu kAyadAnuM pustaka banAvI ApyuM temaNe tenI prastAvanAmAM lakhyuM che ke IzvaranI upAsanAnA sarva prakAra guNanI dRSTie sarakhA che. temaNe lakhyuM ke judA judA mANaso judA judA mata dharAve che ne judA judA dharma pALe che, e vastutaH Izvare racelI yojanAno ja eka bhAga che, kema ke jema citrakAra jAtajAtanA raMgothI citrane suzobhita banAve che, athavA jema mALI potAnA bagIcAne raMgaberaMgI phulothI zaNagAre che, tevI rIte paramAtmAe dareka prajAne teno potAno nokho dharma TharAvI Apyo che - eTalA mATe ke manuSya vividha prakAre e sarvezvaranI kIrti gAI zake. e sarva dharmonuM aMtima dhyeya to eka ja hoya che, ne bhagavAnane to e badhA sarakhA grAhya lAge che."49 hindu vicArakomAM A valaNa purAtanakALathI che ne Aja sudhI jaLavAI rahyuM che. gAMdhIjI lakhe che ke "dhAro ke koI khristI mArI pAse Ave ne kahe ke, bhAgavata vAMcIne huM mugdha thaI gayo chuM ne tethI mAre hindu banavuM che. to huM to ene kahyuM ke "nA bhAgavata je zIkhave che te ja bAIbala paNa zIkhave che. hajI teM e zodhavAno prayatna nathI karyo. e zodhavAno prayatna kara ne sAro khristI bana."50 Ama, e spaSTa thAya che ke 1. jIvana pratyenI naitika ane AdhyAtmika dRSTine jALavI rAkhavAnI zarate ApavAmAM AvatuM pUrNa dhArmika svAtaMtrya ane 2. mAtra dhArmika sahiSNutA ja nahi paNa sarvadharmasamabhAvathI prerita evo sarvadharmasamabhAva-e be hindu dharmanAM prANatattvo che. e kahevAnI bhAgye ja jarUra rahe che ke A prANatattvone pAmIne hindu dharme vizvanI dhArmika cetanAnA vikAsamAM advitIya siddhi hAMsala karelI che.

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hindu dharmamAM nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya 83 saMdarbhasUci : 1. mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, 299 : 6-8 2. zrI svAminArAyaNa, zikSApatrI, 73 3. manusmRti, 223 4. guNAtItAnaMda svAmInI vAto, 1 : 14 5. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, gItAdhvani, 18:41-44 6. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, hindu vedadharma, pR.142-44 7. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, 4:13 8. manusmRti, 2H168 6. T.M.P. Mahadevan, Outline of Hinduism, P.92 10. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, 3:35 11. gAMdhIjI, dharmamaMthana, 15 12. AnaMdazaMkara bA.dhruva, hindu vedadharma, bha164 13. manusmRti, 2:177-79 14. ejana, 2:191 15. ejana, 2:227-28 16. taittirIya upaniSada, 1911 17. bhAgavata, 7:14:3-8 18. manusmRti, 3:77 19. ejana, 3:104-105 20. kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, gItAdhvani, 18:49 21. manusmRti, 6:45-46 22. zrI svAminArAyaNa, zikSApatrI, 201 23. Gandhjiji, Hindu Dharma, P.383

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84 jagatanA vidyamAna dhama 24. ejana, P.55 25. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, hindu vedadharma, 159 26. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, 16:1-3 27. bhAgavata, 7:11:8 28. mahAbhArata, paH33:82-83 (u.ja.sAMDesarA, bhArataratna, pR.64) 29. nAradabhaktisUtra, 1-6 30. bhAgavata, pa52 31. gAMdhIjI anAsaktiyoga, 9:29 32. bhAgavata 11:12:1-1 33. nAradabhaktisUtra, 38 34. ejana 68-73 35. bhAgavata, 7:5:23 36. ejana, 3H29:8-10 37. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, 1865 38. upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA, bhArataratna (sudhArelI bIjI AvRtti), pR.282 83 39. AnaMdazaMkara bA.muva, ApaNo dharma, pR.436-38 40. gAMdhIjI, dharmamaMthana, 1:1 41. rAdhAkRSNanuM, hindu dharma, pR. 20 82. T.M.P. Mahadevan, Outline of Hinduism, P.42 43. zrI svAminArAyaNa, zikSApatrI, 103 44. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, pa21nI noMdha 45. bhAgavata, 10:49 20 46. manusmRti, 2:88 47. ejana, 2:94 48. gAMdhIjI, anAsaktiyoga, pa021 49. rAdhAkRSNanuM, hindudharma, pR.48 50. gAMdhIjI, vyApaka dharmabhAvanA, pR.71-72

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prakaraNa-6 jaina dharma - dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA 1. udbhava ane vikAsaH bhagavAna mahAvIra ane buddhanA upadezono je sAra jaina Agama ane tripiTakamAM saMgharavAmAM Avyo che te uparathI jaNAya che ke te kALe be dharmapravAho bhAratamAM hatA : brAhmaNa ane zramaNa.1 brAhmaNadharma yajJapradhAna ane zravaNa dharma tyAgapradhAna hato. brAhmaNa dharma vedane AdhAre vikasita hato tyAre zramaNa dharma veda, karmakAMDano virodhI hato. vedanAM pariziSTo gaNAtAM upaniSadomAM paNa kriyAkAMDano virodha jovA maLe che. vedonA dharma te gRhasthane kendramAM rAkhIne hato, jyAre zramaNono dharma pravajayA-gRhatyAgane kendramAM rAkhIne hato. vedomAM devonuM mahattva hatuM, temanI ArAdhanA thatI; jyAre zramaNomAM unnatinA zikhare pahoMcelA manuSyanI ArAdhanA hatI. zravaNa dharme manuSyabhavane durlabha mAnyo che. Ama, samagra sAMsArika sRSTimAM manuSyathI zreSThatara koI nahi evo udghoSa zramaNono hato, te eTale sudhI ke indrAdi devo paNa AvA uttama manuSyanI pUjA kare che tema manAyuM hatuM. vedathI mAMDI upaniSada sudhInA samagra vaidika sAhityamAM sRSTinI utpatti kevI rIte thaI teno vicAra che. jyAre zramaNoe jagatanI utpatti kyAreya paNa thaI hoya evuM mAnyuM nathI paNa tene anAdi-anaMta mAnI che. zramaNomAM keTalAkanI e ciMtA hatI ke saMsAcakra-punarjanmanuM cakra zAthI che ane tenuM nirAkaraNa kema thAya ? zramaNomAM paNa badhA ja ekamata hatA tema nahi. jema upaniSadomAM sRSTivicAra aneka rIte karavAmAM Avyo che tema zravaNomAM paNa judA judA mato hatA. keTalAka zramaNo akriyAvAdI hatA. teo pApa-puNyamAM mAnatA nahi ane tenA phaLamAM paNa mAnatA nahi. A nAstika mata pUraNa kampano hato. saMjaya beThIputrano mata evo hato ke saMsAranAM tattvo-jIva-mokSa ityAdi vize kAMI nizcitarUpe jANI zakAya tema nathI. AthI evA matane ajJAnavAda kahevAmAM Avyo che. bhagavAna buddhano mata hato ke saMsAramAMthI mukti meLavavI hoya to svapuruSArtha jarUrI che. ajita kesakaMbalIno mata hato ke mRtyu samaye jIvano uccheda thaI jAya che, paraloka che ja

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86 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo nahi. A vAdane ucchedavAda kahevAmAM Avyo che. zravaNonA A badhA ja pramukhapuruSo jina, arihaMta ke tIrthakara kahevAtA ane te badhA ja samakAlIna hatA tema pAlipiTaka ane jaina Agamo uparathI jaNAya che. zramaNa paraMparAmAM aneka saMpradAyo ke paraMparAo hatI. temAMnI ja eka paraMparA nircanthane nAme prasiddha hatI. te ja Aje jaina dharmane nAme bhAratamAM vidyamAna che. zramaNoe potAnA ArAdhyone "jina" nAma ApyuM che. "jina"zabdano sAmAnya artha che vijetA-jaya karanAra. sArAMza ke rAga ane dveSa para vijaya meLavI je vItarAga banyo hoya te "jina" kahevAya ane evA "jina'nA je anuyAyI te jaina ane temano je dharma te jaina dharma. Ama, jaina dharma ke jinono dharma e nAma badhA ja zramaNapaMthIo mATe sAmAnya hatuM. paNa kALakrame bhAratamAM mahAvIranA anuyAyIo mATe ja te nAma vaparAtuM thaI gayuM che, eTale ahIM ApaNe e vize ja vizeSa vivaraNa karIzuM. jaina paraMparA pramANe kALacakranA utsarpiNI ane avasarpiNI eTale ke unnati ane avanatino kALa evA be vibhAga che. temAM A kALa avasarpiNI eTale ke avanatino che. temAM 24 jino-tirthaMkaro krame karI thayA ane temAM chellA tIrthakara te mahAvIra che. AjanuM jaina dharmanuM zAsana temanA nAme cAle che tethI temane A kALane jaina dharmanA sthApaka kahI zakAya.temanI pUrve pArtha nAme trevIsamAM tIrthakara thayA. temanA lagabhaga badhA ja anuyAyIo paNa mahAvIre sthApela jainasaMghamAM dAkhala thaI gayA ane je dAkhala na thayA teonI paraMparA kALakrame bhUMsAI gaI ane ekamAtra mahAvIranI paraMparA cAlu rahI. AthI atyAre vidyamAna jaina dharmanA sthApaka mahAvIra che AvI dalIla itihAsanA paMDitoe karI che ane temAM tathya che. 2. mahAvIranA pUrvabhavo aMgenI mAnyatA: mAhavIranA jIve anya saMsArI jIvonI jema ja aneka janmo lIdhA hatA, paraMtu zAstromAM temanA 26 pUrvabhavonuM varNana Ave che ane tenI zarUAta e bhavathI karavAmAM AvI che jyAre teo munInA satsaMgathI saMsAra ane mokSanA bhedanI samajane ane jIva ane ajIva-cetana jIva, jaDa zarIrI(ajIva) ane karmanA saMskAronA bhedanI samajane pAme che. e samaja uttarottara daDha thatI jAya che ane potAnA jIvane karma je ajIva tattva che tenA baMdhanamAMthI kema mukta karavo e mATe prayatna kare che temAM sadaiva ekadhAro vikAsa ja thayo hoya tema jaNAtuM nathI, paNa teo aneka rIte AdhyAtmika caDAva-utAra anubhave che ane tene kAraNe potAnA karmane anusarIne aneka UMca-nIca janmone pAra karIne chevaTe te kuMDagrAmaadhipati siddhArtha rAjAne tyAM trizalAnI kUkhe jaina paraMparA pramANe I.pUrve 599mAM jama laI sAdhanA karI tIrthakara pada prApta karIne potAnI janma paraMparAno aMta karI I.sa. pUrve pa27 mAM mukta banI jAya che. bhagavAna mahAvIranA A pUrvabhavonI kathA kharI rIte jaina karmasiddhAMtanI samaja mATenuM eka daSTAMta rajU kare che.

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jaina dharma 3. mahAvIranuM jIvana : bihAranA vaizAlInagaranI najIkanA kuMDagrAmamAM AjathI isavIsana pUrve pa99mAM mahAvIra kuMDagrAmanA adhipati jJAtRkuLanA kSatriya siddhArthane tyAM temanI patnI trizalAdevInI kUkhe janmyA. mAtA-pitAe baLakanuM nAma vardhamAna pADyuM te e kAraNe ke tenA janmane kAraNe temanI saMpattimAM uttarottara vadhAro thayo hato evI temanI mAnyatA hatI. mukta thavuM eTale svataMtra thavuM ane te mATe nirbhayatA e prAthamika Avazyaka guNa che ane te bALaka vardhamAnamAM tenA bALapaNathI ja jovA maLe che. bALakonI ramatamAM sApa joIne jyAM bIjA bALako bhaDakIne bhAgI jAya che tyAM e bALaka vardhamAna sApane pUMchaDIthI pakaDI dUra mUkI Ave che ane AvA nirbhayatAnA aneka prasaMgo temanI kathAmAM varNavAyA che. temanAmAM vairAgyabhAvanAno raMga nAnapaNathI ja dekhAya che. eTale paraNavAnI nAmarajI hovA chatAM e mAtApitAnI marajIne anusarIne paraNe che evI eka mAnyatA che. teo paraNyA ja nahotA evI paNa eka mAnyatA che. mAtA-pitA pratye temanI vinayabhakti apUrva hatI, e to ethI nizcita thAya che ke temaNe temanI icchAne mAna ApIne jyAM sudhI teo jIvyAM tyAM sudhI dIkSA lIdhI nahI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa moTAbhAInA Agrahane anusarIne temanA mRtyu pachI paNa tatkALa dIkSA na letAM thoDo samaya rAha joyA pachI, zokasaMtapta parIvAramAM svasthatA AvyA pachI ja temaNe 30 varSanI vaye dIkSA lIdhI, eTale ke sAMsArika saMbaMdhono tyAga karI, potAnI samagra saMpatti choDIne gharabAravihoNA thaI, sAmayika vrata(sarva jIvo pratye samabhAva rAkhavAno niyama) laI ekAkI vicAravAnuM kaThora jIvana svIkAryuM. dIkSA lIdhA pachI sADA bAra varSa sudhI temanI sAdhanA cAlI. A sAdhanA mukhyatve dhyAnastha thaI aMtaranuM nirIkSaNa karavAnI hatI, potAnA AtmamAM rahevA rAga ane dveSanuM nivAraNa karavA mATenI hatI. temane potAnA bhojana ke nivAsanI paravA hatI nahi paNa apramatta thaI AtmadhyAnamAM lIna rahevAnI ja tatparatA hatI. AthI bhikSA levA nIkaLe ane niyata samayamAM te na maLe to te pAchA pharI dhyAnamAM ja lAgI jatA. sAdhanAkALamAM niMdrAvijaya temaNe karyo. niMdrA AvavA lAge to thoDuM cAlIne dUra karatA paNa jIvanamAM e nimitte pramAda na Ave tenI takedArI rAkhatA. Ama, sADAbAra varSa sudhI AMtara ane bAhya tapasyA karI vItarAga banyA ane tattvanA jJAtA banyA, sarvajJa banyA. zAstramAM kahyuM che ke A sAdhanAkALanAM sADAbAra varSa daramiyAna temaNe eka varSanA divaso jeTalA divasomAM paNa bhojana lIdhuM nathI. AthI dIrghatapasvI tarIkenI temanI chApa UbhI thai. mahAvIra vItarAga thayA ane vItarAga thavAno mArga temane maLyo eTale e dizAmAM anyone paNa vALavA temaNe satata 30 varSa sudhI upadeza Apyo ane jainasaMghanI-zAsananI sthApanA karI, tIrthakara tarIkenI nAmanA meLavI ane 72 varSanI vaye I.pUrve pa27mAM siddhapadane pAmyA, mukta thayA, nirvANa lAbha karyo.

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88 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 4. mahAvIranI sAdhanA nuM svarUpa : mahAvIranI sAdhanA vize thoDuM vadhAre jANavAnI jarUra che. AcArAMgamAM temanI kaThora tapasyAnuM varNana Ave che.sonuM jema vadhAre tapAvavAmAM Ave tema tenI vizuddhi vadhe che te ja pramANe bhagavAna mahAvIre sAdhanAkALamAM potAnA AtmAne tAvyo che ane vizuddha banyA che. dIkSA lIdhI tyAre eka mAtra vastra rAkhyuM hatuM te paNa thoDA samaya pachI choDI dIdhuM ane nagna thaI vicAravA lAgyA. bihAra Aje paNa maccharonI bhUmi che to te kALe teno upadrava vizeSa hoya te svAbhAvika che. paNa maccharonA trAsa chatAM potAnA zarIrane karaDatA maccharone paNa dUra karavA temaNe kadI prayatna karyo nahi ane te daMzanuM darda sahana karyuM. garamImAM paNa khullA AkAzamAM rahI dhyAna karyuM. AthI temanI cAmaDI kALI paDI gaI ane vaLI anazanane kAraNe zarIra to hADa-cAmAM mAtra mALakhuM ja rahyuM. AvI sthitimAM jyAre teo bhikSArthe nagaramAM jatAM tyAre bALako temanAthI DarI jatAM ane kUtarAM temanI pAchaLa paDatAM. potAnA AtmAmAM samabhAva keTalo che tenuM parIkSaNa karavA khAtara sAva ajANyA evA anAyaza-lATa AdimAM temaNe vicaraNa karyuM ane tyAM te gAmamAM loke temane dAkhala na thavA de, UlaTuM temanA upara chU chU karI kUtarA choDavAmAM Ave. AvI paristhitimAM paNa temaNe potAnA samabhAvane TakAvI rAkhyo ane koI paNa jIva pratye verabhAva na rAkhyo, paNa sarva jIvo pratye mitrabhAvanI vRddhi karI. sAdhanAkALamAM temaNe upadeza Apyo nathI. koI kAMI pUche topaNa uttara ApatA nahi. vaLI, temane pararAjyanA guptacara samajI mAra mAravAmAM Avyo hato chatAM paNa temaNe te pratye paNa udAsInatA ja sevI hatI. temaNe nATya-gIta Adi lalitakaLAomAM kadI rasa lIdho nahi ane strIsaMsargathI to sarvathA dUra ja rahyA. dhyAnamAM satata teo ekatvanI bhAvanA karatA-eTale ke mAruM koI nathI. huM koIno nathI, huM mAtra ekalI-aTUlo ja chuM ane je kAMI meLavavuM che te mAre ja mArA svapuruSArthathI ja meLavavAnuM che - AvI bhAvanA karatA. vicaraNamAM temane satata e dhyAna rahetuM ke pRthvI, pANI, vAyu, agni, vanaspati ane bIjA jIvomAMthI koIne paNa trAsa potAne kAraNe na thAya. eTaluM ja nahi, paNa temanA nimitte bIjo koI paNa evA trAsa anya jIvone Ape te paNa temane maMjUra na hatuM. hiMsAnI anumodanA paNa teoe kadI karI nathI. AthI ja teoe kadI temanA mATe banelA koI paNa prakAranuM bhojana ke pAna svIkAryuM nathI. mAtra bIjA mATe taiyAra thayela bhojanamAMthI ja bhikSA lIdhI che. vaLI, teoe pAtrano vadhu upayoga karyo na hato, mAtra potAnA hAthamAM je maLe te ja laI bhUkhazamana karyuM hatuM. raste cAlatAM paNa koI jIvanI hiMsA thAya nahi tenI takedArI temaNe rAkhI hatI ane mAtra potAnI sAmenA mArganuM nirIkSaNa karI cAlatA. vihAra daramiyAna temaNe zUnyagRha, gAmano coro ke luhAranI koDa jevAM sthAnomAM ane vRkSa nIce paNa nivAsa karyo ane smazAnamAM paNa ekAkI rahI dhyAna karyuM. paNa gRhastha jyAM rahetA hoya tyAM kadI nivAsa karyo nahi. vihAra

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jaina dharma 89 daramiyAna prANIo tathA cora Adi manuSyoe aneka prakAranAM kaSTo temane ApyAM paNa te temaNe samabhAve ja sahana karyA. temano paricaya koI pUche to mAtra eTalo ja javAba ApatA ke "bhikSu chuM." saMgrAmamAM morace rahela hAthInI jema ja temaNe kaSTonA sainyane jItI lIdhuM hatuM. loko gAmamAM pesavA na de, jAkAro de to teo gAmanI bahAra rahI dhyAna dharatA paraMtu tyAM paNa loko AvI temane pITatA ane palAyana karI javA Adeza ApatA. zarIramAM roga hoya ke na hoya paNa temaNe kadI pUruM bhojana lIdhuM nahotuM. UNodarI karatA ane citsiA to sAdhanAkALamAM kadI karI ja nathI eTale ke davAnuM sevana temaNe karyuM ja nathI. temanA bhojana vize jaNAvyuM che ke teo bhojanamAM kodarIno bhAta, boranuM cUrNa ane kulmASa (halakA prakAranuM dhAnya) letA ane te paNa koIvAra aDadho mAsa, mAsa ke be mAsanA upavAsa pachI svIkAratA. roSakALamAM kaSAya vinAnA, eTale krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha vinAnA, vRtti vinAnA ane zabda tathA rUpamAM anAsakta banI dhyAna-samAdhimAM rata rahetA ane chevaTe amAyI thayA ane mAvajUjIvana samabhAvI thayA, kAraNa temaNe sAdhanAkALamAM zarIranI nahi paNa aMtaramAM rahelA kaSAyo-rAga-dveSanI cikitsA karI tene dUra karyA ane vItarAga thayA. pa.jainazAstroH mahAvIre vItarAga banyA pachI lokonA kalyANa arthe je upadeza Apyo te temanA pramukha ziSya gaNadhara sudharmAe potAnA ziSya jebUne kahI saMbhaLAvyo ane ema uttarottara ziSya paraMparAomAM e upadeza utarI Avyo. e upadezano saMgraha bAra aMgomAM thayo, jemAMthI atyAre vidyamAna agiyAra aMgagraMtho che. A aMgone gaNipiTaka kahevAmAM Ave che. gaNipiTakane AdhAre te ja upadezanI puSTi mATe " krame karI anya AcAryoe aneka graMthonI racanA karI che te aMgabAhya-e nAme prasiddha che. aMga ane aMgabAhya maLIne jaina AgamagraMtho bane che. kALakrame A AgamagraMtho upara niryukti, cUrNi, bhASya, vRtti, Adi aneka TIkAonuM nirmANa thayuM che ane teno vistAra ghaNo ja che. aMte te graMthomAM jUnI gujarAtImAM paNa saMkSipta TippaNa lakhAyAM tene stabaka-TabA ke bAlavabodha evuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. jainonAM A Agamo pachI tene AdhAre aneka aupadezika prakaraNagraMtho, tIrthaMkara caritragraMtho ane kathAgraMtho lakhAyA che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa bhAratIya darzanonA vikAsane lakSamAM laIne jaina AcAryoe paNa jainadarzananA aneka graMtho lakhyA che. e darzanagraMthonI e vizeSatA che ke temAM bhAratanAM vidyamAna judAM judAM darzanonI aneka virodhI mAnyatAono samanvaya anekAMtavAdane nAme karavAmAM Avyo che. eka AcAryuM to tyAM sudhI kahyuM che ke jainadarzana eTale badhAM ja virodhI darzanono saravALo. eTale ke bhAratanAM darzanonI vividha virodhI evI mAnyatAomAM satyanuM darzana karAvavAno saphaLa prayatna jainadarzanamAM karavAmAM Avyo che. "mAruM e ja satya ema nahi paNa satya e mAruM" AvI nIti dArzanika carcAmAM jaina AcAryoe apanAvI

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co jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo che. AjanA yugamAM gAMdhIjIe sarvadharma samabhAvanI bhAvanAno pracAra karyo to jaina AcAryoe to lagabhaga cothI sadIthI udghoSa karyo che ke badhAM ja darzanomAM satya raheluM che, koI sarvathA mithyA nathI, badhuM ja sApekSika satya che, e samajavAnI cAvI anekAMtavAda Ape che. A mAnyatAnA samarthanamAM AcArya malavAdIe to nayacakragraMthanI racanA karIne te kALanA eTale ke pAMcamI sadI sudhInA bhAratIya darzananuM navanIta ApI dIdhuM che. e sAbita karyuM che ke te kALanI koI paNa mAnyatA nathI sarvathA mithyA ke nathI sarvathA nirdoSa, paraMtu badhI ja mAnyatAmAM guNa ane doSa baMne maLI Ave che mATe tenA guNano svIkAra karI koInuM paNa nirAkaraNa karavuM yogya nathI. paNa tenI sApekSa svIkAra karIne eTale ke je pramANamAM je apekSAe temAM satyAMza hoya tene svIkArIne satyazodhamAM AgaLa vadhu e ja hitAvaha che. A ja anekAMtavAda che. 6. tAttvika siddhAMto : loka jainamata mujaba samagra vizvanA be bhAga che : loka ane aloka. lokanI racanA koI Izvare karI nathI. te anAdi che. kSetranI apekSAe lokanA traNa vibhAga che. adholoka jemAM mukhyatve narako che, madhyaloka jemAM jaMbudvIpa Adi asaMkhya dvIpo ane lavaNAdi asaMkhya samudro che ane Urdhvaloka jemAM devonA svargo che. Urdhvalokane aMte siddhono nivAsa che. jaMbudvIpanI madhyamAM meru parvata che. tenI pUrva-pazcima mahAvideha nAme kSetra che, jemAM sImaMdhara Adi tIrthakaro atyAre paNa vidyamAna manAyA che. merunI dakSiNe ApaNo bhAratavarSa che.10 lokamAM ja jIvAdi padArtho che ane alokamAM mAtra AkAza che. lokamAM je dravyo che te A che : 1. jIva, 2. pudgala, 3. dharma, 4. adharma, 5. AkAza ane 6. kALa- AmAMthI pudgala e jaDa padArtha che ane mUrti che eTale ke temAM rUpa-rasa Adi guNo che. jIva cetana che. bAkInA badhA acetana che. jIvonI saMkhyA anaMta che. pudgalo paNa anaMta che. dharma, adharma ane AkAza pratyeka eka-eka che. AkAzamAM sarva dravyone avakAza ApavAno svabhAva che. jIva ane pudgalane gatimAM sahAyaka dravya dharma che ane adharma jIva ane pudgalone sthita karavAmAM sahAyaka che. dharma ane adharma lokavyApI che. kALa sivAyanAM pAMce dravyonI sAmAnya saMjJA astikAya che te eTalA mATe ke temanAmAM ekathI vadhAre pradezo che. jIva potAnA asaMkhya pradezono vistAra kare to te samagra lokamAM vyApta thaI zake che ane saMkoca kare to sUkSmamAM sUkSma jIvanA zarIramAM paNa samAI zake che. AthI sAmAnya rIte jIva zarIamANa che ema kahevAya che. - Izvara : jaina dharmamAM IzvaranuM sthAna tIrthakare ane siddha lIdhuM che. ArAdhanA ke pUjA A tIrthakaronI ane siddhonI thAya che. A tIrthakara koI anAdikALathI siddha evA Izvara nathI paNa sAmAnya saMsArI jIvomAMthI ja saMpUrNa vikAsane pAmelA jIvo ja che. vItarAga ane sarvajJa thaI je jIvo anya jIvone mokSamArga batAvI temano uddhAra karavAnI vRttivALA hoya che tevA jIvo tIrthakara tarIke khyAta che. A kALamAM

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jaina dharma 91 AvA RSabhAdi 24 tIrthakara thayA che, temAM chellA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra che tevI mAnyatA che. AvA tIrthakaro tathA anya je jIvo pUrNa vikAsane pAmI zarIrarahita thaI nirvANane pAmyA che, mokSane pAmyA che teo siddha kahevAya che. - siddhoH vizvamAM anaMta jIvo che. temAMthI je jIvo potAnA svapuruSArthe koI kALe siddha thayA che eTale ke zarIrahita thaI kRtakRtya banI nirvANane pAmyA che teo lokAkAzanA aMtamAM UMce siddhazilA nAmanA pradezamAM birAjamAna che. teonuM svarUpa anaMta evA jJAna-darzana-AnaMda ane zaktinA piMDa che. te sthAnathI temane kadI yuta thavAnuM che nahi kAraNa jIvanI gatimAM tenuM karma paNa kAraNa che ane A siddho to karmarahita che. temane zuM karavuM bAkI nathI, teo mAtra nijAnaMdamAM ane satata jJAnadarzananA upayogamAM lIna rahe che. teo koInuM bhaluM ke bUruM karatA nathI, kAraNa vItarAga che, temanA AdarzanI smRti karI, ane temanI ArAdhanA karI jIvo potAnI unnati svapuruSArthathI karI zake che, paNa evI unnatimAM siddhonI koI IcchA ke pravRtti hotI nathI. jainone mATe A siddho ArAdhya-pUjaya hoI IzvarasthAnIya che. saMsArI jIvo : A prakAranA azarIrI siddha sivAyanA badhA ja zarIradhArI jIvo saMsArI tarIke oLakhAya che, ane temanA aneka prakAro temanA potAnA karmane kAraNe che. jIvomAM vicitratA temanA karmane AdhIna che. e karma na hoya to sau jIvo ekasarakhA ja banI jAya che, siddha banI jAya che. 1 jIvonuM temanA AdhyAtmika vikAsane AdhAre je vargIkaraNa thayeluM che te jANavA jevuM che. je jIvone dharmanuM kazuM ja jJAna nathI, jIva-ajIvano viveka nathI eTale ke jIva ane ajIva judA che evI zraddhA thaI nathI. teno eka varga che, ane te mithyAtvI ke ajJAnI jIvo kahevAya che. A ajJAna dUra thayuM hoya ane jeo jIva ane ajIva judA che, A zarIramAM rahelo jIva zarIrathI judo che, evI mAnyatA dRDhapaNe dharAvatA hoya ane A jIvane A zarIramAMthI mukta karavAnI AvazyakatA che, AvI pratIti jemane thaI hoya paraMtu te mATeno puruSArtha haju karatA na hoya te jIvo samyakdaSTi kahevAya che ane temAM koI prakAranI virati eTale ke pApakriyAthI dUra rahevAnI pravRtti na hoI temane avirata samyaphaSTi paNa kahe che. samyakadaSTino lAbha thayA pachI jo ahiMsAdI vratorUpa cAritra AMzikarUpe svIkAryuM hoya to te dezavirati athavA to upAsaka-zrAvaka kahevAya che. paNa e desavirati thayA pachI ke prAraMbhathI ja koI sarvavirati svIkAre eTale ke saMpUrNapaNe ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha e pAMca mahAvrato svIkAre to te sarvavirati kahevAya che. A prakAranuM cAritra eTale ke sarvavirati ja krame karI mokSanuM kAraNa bane che. vrato svIkArIne dhyAnAgnithI koSAdi kaSAyone nirmULa karavAnA hoya che. je jIva e kaSAyone kSaya na karatAM temane dabAve che eTale ke upazamana kare che tene upazamaka kahe che. paraMtu jeNe kaSAyono upazama karyo hoya tene punaH e kaSAyono uddeka thAya che, tyAre tenuM patana thAya che. Ama, mokSa mATe AvazyakatA

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92 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo upazamananI nahi paNa kSayanI che. A rIte kaSAyono kSaya karanAra zramaNa-kSapaka kahevAya che ane tene mATe mokSa anivArya che. kaSAyono kSaya karIne vItarAga ane kevaLI banyA pachI keTalAka jIvo upadeza Ape che, ane tIrthanI sthApanA kare che. AvA jIvo tIrthakara kahevAya che ane keTalAka jIvo AvI koI pravRttimAM rasa dharAvatAM nathI. teo sAmAnya kevaLI-sarvajJa kahevAya che. A baMne potAnuM AyuSya pUruM thaye zarIrano tyAga karI muktine pAme che ane siddha kahevAya che. * * karma : jIvAtmA anAdikALathI karmathI baMdhAyelo che ane te pratyeka kSaNe navAM navAM karma bAMdhe che, ane jUnAM bhogave che. jIva je kAMI sArAnarasAM karma kare che tenuM phaLa tene bhogavavuM ja paDe che. Ama te karmano kartA ane bhoktA che.13 karmano niyama eTale ke je kare te ja bhogave- A abAdhita che. te koIne paNa choDato nathI. tIrthaMkarano jIva paNa A niyamamAM apavAda nathI. A vAtanI pratIti bhagavAna mahAvIranA pUrvabhavo ane temanuM jIvana karAvI Ape che. AthI sau koIno prayatna evo hovo jarUrI che ke satyapuruSArtha karI A karmabaMdhanamAMthI mukta thavuM. jIvano svabhAva che-anaMta evAM jJAna, darzana, sukha ane vIrya. A svabhAvanuM AvaraNa karma kare che, ane tethI te parAdhIna banI jAya che. jIva svabhAve amUrta chatAM mUrta karmane kAraNe aneka judI judI yoniomAM aneka prakAranA zarIro dhAraNa karato hoI mUrta jevo banI gayo che. karmanA AvaraNane dUra karIne ja te potAnuM pAramArthika amUrta svarUpa je ukta jJAnadisaMpanna che tene pragaTa karIne mukta banI zake che. - karmanA be prakAra che: eka bhAvarUpa eTale ke jIvamAM rahelA kaSAyarUpa krodhamAna-mAyA-lobhasvarUpa ane bIjo prakAra che dravyasvarUpa eTale ke jaDa pudgalamaya. AtmAmAM krodhAdi je bhAvo utpanna thAya che, tene kAraNe jIvanA saMparkamAM rahelAM pudgalonA paramANuonuM pariNAma karmarUpe thAya che ane e AtmA sAthe baMdhAI jAya che ane e baddha pugalamaya karmane kAraNe jIvanA krodhAdi bhAvo utpanna thAya che. Ama, bhAvakarmathI dravyakarma ane dravyakarmathI bhAvakarma utnapanna thavAthI paraMparA anAdikALathI cAlI AvI che. A paraMparAmAM gAbaDuM pADI teno sarvathA nAza karavo e dharmanuM kArya che. 14 A lokamAM pudgalanA paramANuo sarvatra bharelA paDelA che. jIvAtmAnI manavacana-karmanI pravRttine yoga kahe che. ahIM dhyAnamAM levuM ke anya dharmamAM je arthamAM yoga zabdano prayoga che tenAthI jUdA ja arthamAM ahIM yogya zabdano prayoga che. e yogane kAraNe pratyeka kSaNe jIva potAnA pudgalarUpa karmanuM AvaraNa svIkAre che, paNa kaSAyane kAraNe e AvaraNa jIvamAM baMdhananI avasthAne pAme che. baMdhanA cAra prakAra che : pradeza, prakRti, sthiti ane anubhAga-vipAka. jIvanA yogane kAraNe pradeza ane prakRti baMdha thAya che eTale ke dharmapudgalanuM pramANa e pradezabaMdha che ane karmapudgala jIvamAM AvaraNa banI zuM karaze te tenI prakRti eTale

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jaina dharma 93 ke svabhAva kahevAya che. A pradeza ane prakRtibaMdhanI saphaLatAno AdhAra te kyAya che, kAraNa jIvanA yogane kAraNe karmapudgalonuM AkarSaNa to thayuM paNa te baMdharUpe keTalo samaya AtmAmAM Takaze ane te potAnuM phaLa tIvra ke maMdarUpe kevuM Apaze teno AdhAra to jIvanA kaSAyonI tIvratA ane maMdatA upara che. AthI karmanA baMdhanuM kharuM kAraNa yoga nahi paNa kaSAya ja che, kAraNa jo kaSAya hoya nahi ane jIvane mAtra yoga ja hoya to karmayugalonuM AkarSaNa thAya kharuM, paNa sUkI bhIMtamAM dhULa jema TakI zakatI nathI tema karmapudgalo AtmAmAM mAtra sparza karIne chUTAM paDI jAya che, baMdhanarUpa banatAM nathI. paNa yoganI sAthe jo kaSAya paNa hoya to ja te karmayugalo AtmAmAM baMdhAI jAya che ane yathAkALe potAnuM phaLa tIvra ke maMda bhAve Ape che. eTale kharI rIte mukti e kaSAya-mukti che, jyAM sudhI kaSAyo AtmAmAM hoya tyAM sudhI punarjanmanuM cakra aTakavAnuM nathI, kAraNa kaSAyone kAraNe karmabaMdhanI prakriyA cAlu ja rahe. 15 mahAvIrano upadeza puruSArthapreraka hato ane tethI karmanA siddhAMta vize temaNe vizeSa bhAra Apyo hato. koI deva ke IzvaranA pramAda ke prasannatAthI mokSanI prApti nahi, paNa jIve karelA potAnA puruSArthanI ja te potAnI unnati karI zake ke - A vAta upara temaNe vizeSa bhAra Apyo hato. jIve karelA zubha ke azubha karmanuM phaLa teNe bhogavavuM ja paDe che, te vinA teno chuTakAro ja nathI. eTale mukti meLavavI hoya to karmabaMdhathI chUTavuM jarUrI che ane teno mArga che sarvasvano tyAga. parigrahane kAraNe jIvanamAM hiMsA thAya che. jo parigraha choDI devAmAM Ave to jIvane pApa, hiMsA karavAnuM koI kAraNa rahetuM nathI. AthI nirmama thavuM e muktimArga che, ema bhagavAna mahAvIre vAraMvAra kahyuM che. saMsAra ane mokSano mArgaH jaina dharmamAM saMsAra ane mokSanAM kAraNonI samaja ApavAnI dRSTie nava tattvonuM vivecana karavAmAM AvyuM che. te nava tattvo A che : jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha ane mokSa. jIva ane ajIvanA svarUpanI carcA A pUrve AvI gaI che. paNa vAstavamAM saMsAra ane mokSanI carcAmAM prastuta e che ke jIva ane ajIva karmano baMdha anAdikALathI che ane tethI ajIvathI pragalamaya karma samajavAnuM che. zubha karmane puNya kahevAya che ane azubha karmane pApa kahevAya che. mana-vacana-karmanI pravRttine yoga kahe che ane te AtmAmAM karmanA A saMbaMdhanuM kAraNa hovAthI Asrava kahevAya che. hiMsA-corI Adi kAyika vyApAra azubha Asrava che ane dayA-dAna Adi zubhakAya vyApAra zubha Asrava che. je satya chatAM pApajanaka hoya, mithyAbhASaNa, kaThora bhASaNa ityAdi vacanavyApAra te azubha Asrava che, paraMtu niravadya satya bhASaNa, mUdu vacana ityAdi zubha Asrava che, anyanA ahitano ciMtanarUpa manovyApAra te azubha Asrava che ane bIjAnA hitanI ciMtA e zubha Asrava che. Avane kAraNe jIva sAthe karmanuM joDAI javuM te baMdha che.Asrava e baMdhanuM kAraNa che, jyAre Asravano nirodha te saMvara che. saMvarane

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84 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo zakya banAvanArI bAbato A che : 1 gupti (mana-vacana-kAyanI pravRttino nirodha), 2. nirdoSa IryA (doSa na thAya te rIte cAlavAnI pravRtti), 3. pAMca samiti (samyapha bhASAno prayoga, samyapha rIte bhikSAgrahaNa, samyapha prakAre koI paNa vastune levImUkavI ane maLamUtrano yathAyogya tyAga), 4 dasa prakAranA dharma (kSamA, mAdava, RjutA, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, akiMcanatA ane brahmacaryanuM pAlana, pa. pariSaha (saMyamIne AvI paDatAM kaSTo sahana karavAM te), 6. anitya Adi anuprekSAbhAvanAnuM ciMtana ane 7. sAmAyika Adi cAritranuM pAlana. karmonI nirjarA eTale AtmAthI chUTA paDI javuM te. nirjarA tapasyAthI ane karmanuM phaLa bhogavavAthI thAya che. tapa e saMvaranuM paNa kAraNa che. AtmAnI karmabaMdhanomAMthI sarvathA mukti e ja mokSa che. Ano sArAMza joIe to Asava ane baMdha e saMsAranAM kAraNo che ane saMvara ane nirjarA e mokSanAM kAraNo che. AcArya umAsvAtie mokSamArgane saMkSepamAM jaNAvyo che ane te e che ke samyak zraddhA, samyapha jJAna ane samyapha cAritra. eno paNa saMkSepa che- samyapha jJAna ane kriyA-cAritra. AthI UlaTuM, mithyA zraddhA Adi e saMsAranuM kAraNa che. 16 tIrthakara ane avatAra : vaidika dharma athavA to brAhmaNa dharmanI avatAranI kalpanA ane jaina dharmanI tIrthaMkaranI kalpanA emAM zo bheda che te sarva prathama samajavuM jarUrI che. koI eka sarvazakti-saMpanna anAdi amUrta Izvara judA judA kALe dharmanI paDatI joIne ke anya bIjA kAraNe mUrtarUpa dhAraNa kare te avatAra kahevAya che ane AvA aneka avatAro thayA che evI hindu dharmanI mAnyatA che. AthI judI ja mAnyatA jaina paraMparAmAM bhagavAna ke tIrthakara vizenI che, ane te A pramANe che : saMsAramAM anaMta jIvo che ane teo punarjanmanA cakramAM phasAyA che, tethI eka pachI eka UMcanIca jIvayoniomAM potAnAM zubha-azubha karmane anusAra janmo dhAraNa kare che. A punarjanmanA cakramAMthI chUTavAno mArga satsaMgane kAraNe keTalAkane maLI jAya che ane temAMthI paNa keTalAka evA che jeo bIjA jIvo pratye karuNA dharAve che, mAtra potAnI ja mukti nahi paNa anya jIvo paNa mukta bane evI bhAvanA seve che, tevA jIvo tIrthakarapadane pAme che. sArAMza ke anAdimukta sarvazaktisaMpanna IzvaranuM avataraNa tIrthaMkararUpe nathI paraMtu sAmAnya saMsArI jIva ja potAno AdhyAtmika vikAsa uttarottara vadhu ne vadhu sAdhato kyAreka tIrthaMkarapadane pAme che. anAdikALathI siddha nahi paNa sAdhaka ja sAdhanA karIne tIrthaMkara pada pAme che ane pachI ja siddha mukta bane che. Ama, avatAra ane tIrthakara e baMne kalpanAno maulika bheda che. eTale mahAvIra e Izvarano avatAra nathI paNa saMsAramAM bhaTakato eka jIva potAno AdhyAtmika vikAsa karIne e padavIne pAmyo che. Ano artha e che ke manuSyamAtra dhAre to kyAreka e padane prApta karI zake che. Ama, jIvamAMthI ziva-Izvara banavAnA puruSArthanI preraNA e tIrthaMkarapadathI prApta thAya che, eTale ke ema kahI zakAya ke jaina dharma AtmAmAMthI paramAtmA banavAno mArga batAve che.

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jaina dharma Ama, IzvarI avatAramAM ane A mahAvIranA utthAnamAM je bheda dekhAya che te e che ke avatAra lenArane AvI koI sAdhanA karIne potAnuM zreya karavAnuM hotuM nathI, paraMtu tIrthakaramAM to sAmAnya mAnava AkarI sAdhanA karI potAnuM utthAna kare che, te janma sAthe ja pUrNa nathI. saMsAramAM mAtra lIlA karato nathI paNa saMsAranAM kaSTone sahIne te saMpUrNapaNe kema dUra thAya te arthe puruSArtha kare che ane e rIte sAmAnya mAnavIne svotthAnano Adarza pUro pADe che. ane svaMya te rIte mukti ke nirvANane pAmyo hoya che. te svayaMsiddha mArganuM anyane darzana karAvI teno upadeza ApI, mumukSune mokSa bhaNI javAmAM sAco mArgadarzaka bane che. A avatArI puruSa nahi paNa tIrthaMkara kahevAya che. avatAramAM IzvaranuM avataraNa che, nIce AvavAnuM che jayAre AmAM sAmAnya mAnavInuM utthAna che, e ApaNe upara varNavelA mahAvIranA jIvanathI saheje jANI zakIe chIe. 7. naitika siddhAMto : jaina dharmane ghaNA vidvAno nitidharmanI saMjJA Ape che te yogya che, kAraNa jaina dharmamAM je AcaraNIya batAvyuM che te sadAcAra ja che ane namaskAra, pUjA vagere kriyAonuM dhyeya paNa chevaTe to sadAcAranI puSTi ja che. sUtrakRta nAmanA bIjA aMgamAM spaSTa karavAmAM AvyuM che ke mahAvIre je apUrva upadeza Apyo te sAmAyikano hato.17.. sAmAyikaH sAmAyikanA AcaraNanI prathama zarata e che ke A jagatamAM jIvo kyA ane kevA che te jANavuM ane te jANIne koI paNa jIvane pIDA thAya tevuM koI paNa kRtya karavuM nahi, eTale ke samagra jIvo pratye samabhAva dhAraNa karavo. bhagavAna mahAvIre A sAmAyika vratano svIkAra dIkSA samaye sarvaprathama karyo hato, te AgaLa kahevAI gayuM che. A sAmAyikanuM spaSTIkaraNa che : jema mane sukha priya che tema saune sukha priya che, jema mane duHkha priya nathI tema koI paNane duHkha gamatuM nathI, saune maraNano bhaya che, mATe koI paNa jIvano ghAta karavo yogya nathI, koI paNa jIvane koI prakAranI pIDA ApavI te yogya nathI, koI paNa jIvanI hiMsA karavI e yogya nathI. 18 A prakAranA sAmAyika vratamAMthI ja pAMceya mahAvrato phalita thAya che te A pramANe che : 1. ahiMsA, 2. satya 3. asteya 4. brahmacarya ane 5. aparigraha. hiMsA, asatya, corI. a-brahmacarya ane parigraha-e badhAM ja pApo bIjAne pIDAduHkha ApyA vinA thatAM nathI. AthI eka sAmAyika vratamAMthI ja A pAMceya mahAvrato phalita thAya che ane jaina zrAvake vratonuM yathAzakti AMzikarUpe pAlana karavAnuM che, jyAre zramaNe te mahAvrato tenA saMpUrNa rUpamAM karavAnAM hoya che. eTale ke mana, vacana ane kAyA vaDe hiMsAdinuM AcaraNa svayaM karavuM nahi, karAvavuM nahi ane anumodavuM paNa nahi.

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo pratikramaNaH jaina dharmanA anuyAyIe A vratanA pAlanamAM sadaiva jAgrata rahevuM jarUrI che. AthI tene mATe e Avazyaka che ke te savAra ane sAMja pratikramaNa kare, eTale ke pote svIkArelAM vratomAM je kAMI doSo thayA hoya tenI vicAraNA karI AtmAnI vizuddhi karavA yathAyogya prAyazcita laIne doSo dUra kare ane anyane tenA AcaraNa vaDe je duHkha thayuM hoya tenI kSamA mAMgIne ane pote paNa bIjAne kSamA karIne maitrIbhAvanI vRddhi karI sAmAyikane nirmaLa banAve. mahAvIrano naitika upadeza: mahAvIrano upadeza manuSyane vItarAga banAvavA mATeno che ethI te sAMsArika bhogano nahi paNa tyAgamArgano upadeza hoya te svAbhAvika che. saMsAranA mULamAM tRSNA e mukhya doSa che. tenuM nivAraNa karavAno upadeza ApatAM bhagavAne kahyuM che ke tRSNAvALAne A samagra lokanI saMpatti ApavAmAM Ave to paNa tene saMtoSa thAya nahi kAraNa lobha-tRSNAnI prakRti evI che ke jema jema kAMI lAbha thAya-maLatuM jAya tema tema lobha vadhe che. tRSNAno khADo kadI purAya evo nathI.19 lokamAM dAnano mahimA hato eTale koI Icche ke parigraha vadhArIne dAna daIzuM to emane paNa bhagavAne kahyuM che : lAkho gAyo dAnamAM denAra karatAM paNa je puruSa akiMcana saMyamI che te bhale kAMI na deto hoya to paNa teno saMyama zreyaskara che. 20 mANasa ema samaje che ke AsapAsanA badhAnuM yuddhamAM damana karIne sau upara hakUmata bhogavuM ane sukhI thAuM. paraMtu bhagavAna mahAvIre kahyuM che ke yuddhamAM hajArolAkhone jItavA e kharo ja nathI. paraMtu eka potAnA AtmAne jItavo e ja parama jaya che. AtmAnI sAthe ja yuddha karo. bIjA sAthe yuddha karIne zuM meLavavAnA cho ? svayaM Atmajaya karavAmAM ja sAcu sukha prApta karazo. vaLI AtmAnuM ja damana karo, AtmA ja durdama che. AtmAnuM damana karavAthI A loka ane paralokamAM sukha pAmazo. AtmAmAM krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha-A cAra kaSAo ja anarthakArI che. tenA nivAraNano upAya mahAvIre batAvyo. upazamana-zAMtithI krodhane haNo, mAnane mRdutAthI, mAyAne saraLatAthI ane lobhane saMtoSathI jIto. mahAvIranA kALe jAtivAdanuM jora vizeSa hatuM. temaNe to potAnA saMghamAM badhI ja tathAkathita hIna jAtinA lokone samAna bhAve sthAna ApyuM hatuM. kAraNa teone mana manuSyajAti eka hatI. manuSyamAM uccatA ke nIcatA tenA janmane kAraNe nahi paNa teno karmane kAraNe ja hoya che evI temanI dRDha mAnyatA hatI. AthI temano udghoSa hato ke karmathI ja brAhmaNa thAya che, karmathI ja kSatriya, karmathI ja vaizya ane zudra paNa karmathI ja thAya che. te kALe nAmadhArI muni ane tApasI Adi ghaNA vicaratA hatA. tethI temanuM yathArtha svarUpa kevuM hoya tenuM spaSTIkaraNa paNa bhagavAna mahAvIre karyuM che : muMDana muMDAvavAthI koI zravaNa thato nathI ke omakArano jApa karavAthI koI brAhmaNa banato nathI. vaLI, mAtra araNyamAM vAsa karavAthI muni thato nathI ane tRNanA AcchAdanathI tApasa banato nathI. paraMtu samatA-sAmyabhAva-sarvajIvo pratye samadaSTithI zramaNa,

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jaina dharma 97 brahmacaryathI brAhmaNa jJAnathI muni ane tapasyAthI tApasa thavAya che. 24 te kALe karmakAMDanI bolabAlA hatI yajJomAM pazuhiMsA thatI hatI, tenuM nivAraNa karI tene sthAne mahAvIre AdhyAtmika yajJo karavAno upadeza Apyo. yajJo karavA ja hoya to tapasyAnI jyoti jalAvo, e jyotinuM sthAna svayaM tamArA AtmAne mAno, kaDachInuM sthAna mana-vacana-kAyanA vizuddha yoga-pravRttine Apo, ane temAM idhanane badale potAnAM pApakarmonI Ahuti Apo - A prakArano yajJa ja RSio mATe prazasta yajJa che. 25 bAhya AcaraNamAM loko dharma mAnatA thaI gayA hatA, tethI AMtarika maLatyAgane badale bAhya zauca-zArIrika maLatyAganuM mahattva vadhI gayuM hatuM ane tethI tIrthasthAnanuM paNa te kAraNa mahattva vadhyuM hatuM. Ane sthAne mahAvIre pAramArthika dharmano, pAramArthika zaucano upadeza Apyo ane kahyuM ke dharma ja kharuM jaLAzaya che ane brahmacarya ja zAMtidAyaka tIrtha che. emAM snAna karavAthI AtmA nirmaLa ane zAMta thAya che. vaLI snAna karavAthI jo mukti maLatI hoya to jalacara prANIo je sadeva snAna karI rahyAM che te badhAMne zIdhra mokSa maLI jAya.26 8. bhaktibhAvanA ane teno AvirbhAva H jaina dharma e Atmadharma che, svapuruSArthapradhAna dharma che. svayaM mahAvIranuM jIvana ane temanI sAdhanAno vicAra karIe chIe tyAre jaNAya che ke temaNe tapasyA karI che ane dhyAnamAM magna rahyA che. anya koInI pUjA, upAsanA ke bhakti karI hoya tevo koI ullekha temanA jIvanamAM nathI, paNa pachIthI tIrthaMkaranI pUjAbhakti jaina dharmanA anuyAyIoe zarU karI che. AmAM sarvaprathama pAMca parameSThine namaskAranI kriyAthI bhaktimArgane avakAza maLyo ane pachI to covIsa tIrthaMkaronI vaMdanA stuti, pUjA, bhakti Adi kriyAo zarU thaI. pAMca parameSThino je namaskAramaMtra che te che : namo arihaMtANaM, namo siddhAMNe, namo AyariyANaM, namo uvajajhuyANa, namo loe savvasAhUNaM. A namaskAramaMtrano pATha badhA ja jaino kare che ane tenuM prayojana che temanA guNonI prApti eTale ke tIrthaMkara AdimAM je guNo che te sau potAmAM paNa Ave e uddezathI A namaskAramaMtrano pATha karavAmAM Ave che. A namaskAramaMtramAM sarvaprathama sthAna arihaMta eTale ke tIrthakarane ApavAmAM AvyuM che, kAraNa ke teo ja dharmanuM yathArtha svarUpa jIvone samajAve che eTale teo Asanna upakArI che ane paramagurU paNa che. jIvanuM dhyeya siddha thavAnuM che eTale te mukta thavAnuM che eTale teno Adarza siddha che. AthI arihaMta pachI siddhone namaskAra karavAmAM Ave che. vastutaH paramaguru to tIrthakaro ja che. kAraNa ke mokSa mArgano upadeza temaNe ja Apyo che. paraMtu sadaiva temanI hayAtI A saMsAramAM ApaNI vacce hotI nathI eTale temanA upadezane anusarIne jemaNe gRhatyAga karI jaina dIkSA lIdhI che ane zramaNa

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98 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo banyA che teo gurUnuM pada pAme che ane pUjya bane che. AvA gurUone saMgha te zramaNa saMgha che. te saMghanA pramukha te AcArya che. te saMghamAM adhyayana-adhyApananI javAbadArI je vahana kare che te upAdhyAya che ane anya zramaNo sAdhune nAme oLakhAya che. Ama, AcArya, upAdhyAya ane sAdhu A traNeya gurupadanA adhikArI hoI pUjAya che. Ama, tIrthaMkara-arihaMta, siddha AcArya, upAdhyAya ane sAdhu A pAMceya pUjya hoI pAMca parameSThi kahevAya che ane jeno mATe pUjaya che. emanI pUjA ke bhakti be prakAre thaI zake che. ekAMtamAM temanA guNone yAda karI, potAnA AtmAmAM evA guNo Ave tevI bhAvanA karI athavA arihaMta AdinI mUrti samakSa upasthita thaI guNAnuvAda karIne. mUrtinI pUjA paNa dhUpa, phUla AdithI karavAmAM Ave che. paNa temAM paNa dhyAna to e ja rAkhavAnuM ke prabhunA jevA ja guNo potAnAmAM pragaTa thAya. tIrthakara vItarAga che tethI temanI mUrtinI pUjA ke bhakti ekapakSIya che, eTale ke bhakta ja je kAMI karavAnuM che te kare che. bhagavAna te vItarAga hoI kazuM ja karatA nathI. nathI teo prasanna thatA ke nathI thatA aprasanna, mAtra upekSAbhAva ja seve che. AthI tIrthaMkarano prasAda bhakta pAme evI koI saMbhAvanA jaina dharmamAM nathI. vaLI, tIrthaMkara pAse bhakti karI bAhya saMpatti Adi nahi paNa AtmAnA guNo khAsa karI vItarAga bhAvanI vRddhi thAya evI ja mAMgaNI bhakta karavI evo upadeza che. sArAMza ke bhagavAnanI pUjA svayaM bhagavAna banavA mATe che. AcArya Adi gurunI pUjA ke bhaktino artha paNa temanAM guNagAna gAvAM te che ane vidyamAna evA gurUonI zArIrika AvazyakatAnI pUrti karI devI e paNa temanI bhaktino eka mArga che. AthI AcArya Adine nivAsa, AhAra, AdinI sagavaDa karI ApavI teno gurubhaktimAM samAveza thAya che. pratidina prAtaHkALe deva eTale ke arihaMta AdinuM smaraNa ke darzana ane gurU eTale ke AcArya AdinuM darzana karyA pachI ja sAMsArika kAryo karavAno Agraha jaina zrAvako seve che. jainaparvo ke yAtrA ke utsavo e badhA bhaktinA prakAronI pAchaLa tyAganI bhAvanA ja mukhyarUpe rahelI che. jainonAM parvanuM mAhAbhya ujavaNImAM keTalo tyAga thayo tenA upara che, nahi ke bhoga upara. yAtrAe javAnuM haze topaNa ahiMsA, brahmacarya AdinAM vrato pUrvaka ja yAtrA karavAno Agraha sevavAmAM Ave che. tIrthakaronA janma AdinA mahotsavo paNa jaina dharmanA anuyAyI anazana karI Ujave che. jaina upAsakoe potAnA ArAdhyo prati bhaktinuM pradarzana aneka rIte karyuM che. tIrthakaronAM janma, dIkSA, kevaLajJAna ane nirvANa sthAnomAM tIrthanI yojanA karI temAM maMdironuM nirmANa karyuM che, e sivAyanAM sthAnomAM paNa jyAM jainonI vastI hoya tyAM maMdironuM ane jaina zramaNo mATenA aneka upAzrayonuM nirmANa karyuM che. ahiMsA ane maitrI bhAvanAne mUrtarUpa ApavA apaMga pazuo mATenI

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jaina dharma 99 pAMjarApoLanI yojanA aneka zaheromAM jainoe karI che ane jIvanavyavahAramAM mAMsamadirA-zikAra Adino tyAga e jaina jIvananuM anivArya aMga banI gayuM che ane tenI asara anya dharmanA anuyAyI upara paNa joI zakAya che. bhAratamAM jyAM paNa jainonI vastI vadhAre che tyAM zAkAhArano prasAra vizeSarUpe joI zakAya che. Ama, jIvanamAM bane teTalI ahiMsA bhAvanAne anusaravAno jainono prayatna rahyo che. akabara-jahAMgIra jevA musalamAna bAdazAha pAsethI paNa jaina parvonA divaso mATe amAri ghoSaNA (hiMsA karazo mA evI ghoSaNA) potAnA tyAgI jIvananA prabhAvathI hIra vijayajI jevA jaina AcAryo karAvI zakyA che. 27 9. vairAgyabhAvanA : jaina zrAvako-upAsakone je upadeza ApavAmAM Ave che temAM sarvasvano tyAga karI zravaNajIvana svIkAravAno ja upadeza mukhyarUpe hoya che. tyAganI pUrvabhUmikA vairAgya che. eTale ke saMsAranI pratyeka vastumAM krame karI Asakti ochI karI aMte badhuM ja choDI devuM e aMtima dhyeya che. AthI zrAvakane mATe parigrahanA parimaNanuM vrata che. eTale ke teNe niyama karavo jarUrI che ke te pote svIkArelI amuka maryAdAthI vadhAre parigraha karaze nahi. ahiMsAnA pAlana mATe niyama karavo paDe che ke te aparAdhI sivAyanA koI paNa trasa jIvanI hiMsA karaze nahi. nirarthaka yAtrAo karaze nahi, tenI maryAdAmAM karaze. potAnA parivAra sivAyanA saMbaMdhInAM lagno yojI Apaze nahi. vyApAramAM khoTAM-tolamApano prayoga karaze nahi ane jyAre tene lAge ke have kuTuMbamAM putro vagere vyavahAra saMbhALI zake tevA thayA che tyAre krame karI gRhasthajIvananI javAbadArIo ochI karI zravaNajIvana svIkAravAnI pUrvataiyArI karaze. zramaNajIvanamAM to teNe pUrNatyAgI thavAnuM hoya che. zramaNa mATe taiyAra thayela bhojana paNa te svIkArI zakto nathI. bIjA mATe banela bhojanamAMthI ja potAno AhAra zramaNa svIkArI zake che. potAnuM kahI zakAya tevuM tenuM kazuM ja nathI hotuM. Ama te sarvasvanA tyAgI hoya che. bhojana paNa lUkhuMcUkuM ja te laI zake che. zarIranI pRSTi mATe AhAra nahi paNa dharmakaraNI arthe zarIra TakI rahe teTalA pUrato ja AhAra laI zake che ane potAnuM jIvana svAdhyAya ane dhyAnamAM vitAvI aMte samAdhimaraNane pAme che. jaina dIkSA mATe upara jaNAvyA pramANe krama che eTale ke prathama gRhasthAzramI thaI pachI dIkSA, paraMtu gRhasthAzramano svIkAra saiddhAMtika nathI. jene utkaTa tyAga vairAgyabhAvanA jAgI hoya te gRhasthadharma svIkAryA vinA paNa yuvAvasthAmAM jaina zramaNanI dIkSA laI zake che. Ama jaina dharma te ekAzramI dharma paNa kahevAya che. 10. upasaMhAra : jaina dharma vize saMkSepamAM je ahIM carcA karavAmAM AvI che te uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke jaina dharma vizeSa bhAra nItidharma upara Apyo che, paNa e mAtra laukika nIti dharma nathI, paraMtu AdhyAtmika dharma paNa che, kAraNa ke temAM

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100 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo mAtra bAhya AcaraNamAM ja nItidharmanuM pAlana paryApta manAyuM nathI. koInI hiMsA na karavI eTaluM ja paryApta nathI, paNa manamAM hiMsAno saMkalpa paNa na karavo ane e ja prakAre tene nItinA je satyavacana Adi niyamo che te mAtra bAhya AcAra pUratA maryAdita nathI, paNa AMtarika AcAramAM paNa te niyamo paLAvA joIe evo Agraha jaina dharmamAM sevavAmAM Avyo che, tethI e kevaLa nIti nathI paNa AMtarika dharma paNa banI jAya che. jema samAjanuM ahita thAya ema na vartavuM te nIti che to potAnA AtmAnuM ahita thAya tema paNa na vartavuM e AMtarika Atmadharma che ane A arthamAM te dharma che. Ama svahita ane parahita e baMne jaina dharme sAdhyAM che, tethI samAja ane vyakti baMnene unnati karavAno avakAza maLe che. A ja arthamAM bhAratIya samAjanI unnatimAM jaina dharmano vizeSa phALo che ema kahIe to ucita lekhAze. bhAratavarSamAM jainadharme vizeSa karI jIvanamAM ahiMsAnuM AcaraNa jarUrI mAnyuM eTale bhojanamAM, krIDAmAM, jIvananA anya vyavahAramAM jIvahiMsA ochAmAM ochI thAya tevo Agraha jaina dharmamAM rAkhavAmAM Avyo che, tethI jyAM jaina dharmano prabhAva vizeSa che tyAM zAkAhArano Agraha ane vyasanatyAgano Agraha vizeSapaNe jaNAya che. Ama, jainadharma e AMtarika dharma che, AtmAne vizuddha karanAra dharma che, AtmAmAMthI rAga ane dveSa kema ochA thAya, tRSNA kema ochI thAya teno ja mArga e jaina dharma che. eTale deza ane rASTranA hitamAM e dharma che, kAraNa samAjamAM je kAMI doSo Ave che te parigrahamAMthI, mamatvabhAvanAmAMthI janme che ane jaina dharma zrAvaka mATe parigrahanuM parimANa batAvyuM che jyAre zramaNo mATe to sarvathA parigrahano tyAga ja upadezyo che. Ama, parigrahano tyAga thavAthI hiMsAdine avakAza ocho maLe che ane samAjamAM saMvAda sthapAya che. vaLI, vaicArika ahiMsA eTale anekAMtano paNa upadeza jaina dharmamAM che. samAja ane rASTramAM jema saMpatti mATe kalaha che tema vicArabhedane laIne paNa kalaha jAge che. enuM nivAraNa karavAno mArga jaina dharme anekAMtavAda dvArA batAvyo che. AthI sAmAjika ke rAjanaitika vividha mAnyatAone kAraNe je vivAdo samAjamAM ke rASTramAM UbhA thAya che tenuM zamana karIne sahaastitvanI bhAvanAne puSTi jaina dharma Ape che ane te rIte samAja ane rASTrane te upakAraka che.

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jaina dharma 101 saMdarbhasUci je 4 1. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, jaina dharmaciMtana, pR. 1-13 dazavaikAsikasUtra 3. Belvalkar and Ranade, History of Indian Philosophy, 24-2 The Creative Period, 45231-IX P.V. Bapat (editor), 2400 Years of Buddhism, ...445291-11 dIghanikAyasAmajJaphalasutta AcArAMgasUtta, 8 7. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, jaina Agama 8. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, jaina dharmaciMtana pR.168-191 9. ejana, pR.168-191 10. tattvArthasUtra - 3-4 11. ejana-2 12. ejana-10 13. sanmatitaka prakaraNa (gujarAtI) tathA uttarAdhyayana 4:3,55) 14. gaNadharavAdanI prastAvanA 15. uttarAdhyayana, 19:88-95 16. tattvArthasUtra, 141 17. sUtha, 2:2:31 18. savAra sutta, 2:3:4, 4:1:1 19. uttarAdhyayana, 8:48 20. ejana, 940 21. ejana, 934 36 ane 1:15 22. ejana, 8:39 23. ejana, 2pa33 24. ejana, 2532 25. ejana, 12H44 26. jUthaDa, 7:14 27. munizrI vidyAvijayajI, sUrIzvara ane samrATa

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prakaraNa-7 bauddha dharma - nagInabhAI zAha 1. udbhava ane vikAsaH Izu pUrve chaThThI zatAbdI samagra vizvamAM AdhyAtmika navacetanA ane vicArakrAMti pedA karanAra zatAbdI tarIke prasiddha che. A kALe cInamAM lAose ane kaoNnspezyasa thayA, grIsamAM pArmeniDijha, ane epeDokalIjha thayA, irAnamAM aSo jarathuSTra thayA ane bhAratamAM buddha ane mahAvIra thayA. buddha-mahAvIrano kALa ane upaniSadono kALa lagabhaga eka ja che. A kALa pUrve bhAratanI paristhiti ja evI hatI ke navajAgRti ane vicArakrAMti anivArya banI rahe. jaTila vaidika kriyAkAMDo vadhI gayA hatAM. kriyAkAMDIonuM dhyeya duHkhamukti nahi paraMtu svarga hatuM. svarga meLavavA teo yajJo karatA ane yajJomAM pazuone homatA. AdhyAtmikatA daSTigocara thatI na hatI. manuSya manuSya vaccenA bheda asahya hatA. mANasa janmathI ja brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya ke zudra gaNAto. zudra varga dabAyelo-kacaDAyelo hato. teno samAjamAM Adara na hato. tene vedo vAMcavAno adhikAra na hato. dhArmika kriyAomAM tene sthAna na hatuM. strIonI paNa mahadaMze zudro jevI dazA hatI. dharmagraMtho lokabhASAmAM na hatA. A asahya paristhitino virodha upaniSadoe zarU karyo. temaNe yajJone adaDha tarApA sAthe sarakhAvyA che. temanI sahAyathI saMsAra tarI na zakAya. upaniSadonuM dhyeya svarga nathI paraMtu mokSa yA duHkhamukti che. mANasa karmathI ja sAro yA kharAba bane che, janmathI nahi evo bodha upaniSadoe Apyo strIo AdhyAtmika carcAomAM bhAga levA mAMDI. strInI AdhyAtmika ane bauddhika zaktino svIkAra thayo.A kALe pramANa tarIke vedonI pakaDa DhIlI thavA lAgI. dharmadarzananA kSetramAM asaMkhya AcAryo ane ciMtako udbhavyA. teoe jaNAvyuM ke ame vaidika paraMparAthI svataMtra rIte muktino mArga zodhyo che. loko temanI tarapha AkarSAyA. vedanA prAmANyane phagAvI devAmAM AvyuM hoI vicArasvAtaMtryane dAbamAM rAkhI zake evuM kaMI na hatuM. ciMtakone aMtarano avAja vyakta karavAnI saMpUrNa svataMtratA hatI. A ciMtako brAhmaNa ane abrAhmaNa baMne hatA. aneka saMpradAyo ane pAra vinAnA mato pragaTyA. uparAMta, aneka prakAranAM

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bauddha dharma 103 bAhya tapo AcaratA tapasvIo paNa hatA ane sAthe sAthe dhyAna mArganA jANakAra yogIo paNa hatA. A ciMtako ane tapasvIo, brAhmaNo ane abrAhmaNo, potAnA vizALa anuyAyI samudAya sAthe dezanA eka bhAgamAMthI bIjA bhAgamAM jaI dhArmika ane dArzanika bAbatonI jAhera carcAo karavA lAgyA. pariNAme A yuga bhAratamAM AdhyAtmika jAgRti, bauddhika krAMti ane vAdavidyAno yuga banI gayo. Ama, je kALe dezamAM AvI paristhiti hatI, tyAre jainonA covIsamA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra sAthe buddhano AvirbhAva thayo. upaniSadoe zarU karelI AdhyAtmika ane vaicArika krAMtine teoe AgaLa dhapAvI. baMnenuM dhyeya svarga nahi paNa duHkhamukti, baMne ahiMsAnA puraskartA. baMne yajJo ane vaidika kriyA kAMDonA virodhI, baMnee strIone AdhyAtmika sAdhanAnI adhikArINI gaNI ane baMnee strIne pravajyA ApI saMghamAM dAkhala karI. baMne e jAtibhedano sakhata virodha karyo. karmane AdhAre ja mANasa sAro yA kharAba gaNAya e vAta baMnee bhArapUrvaka kahI. baMnee lokabhASAmAM upadeza Apyo. 2. buddhacarita : zAkya nAmanI eka kSatriya jAti hatI. hAlanA bihAra pradezanI uttara-pazcime AvelI nepALanI tarAImAM te vasatI hatI. zAkyonuM potAnuM gaNataMtrIya rAja hatuM. tenuM mukhya nagarI hatI kapilavastu. zuddhodana eka zAkya rAjA hatA. Aditya temanuM gotra hatuM. kapilavastumAM te rahetA hatA. temane moTI khetI hatI. kapilavastuthI devadahanagaranA mArgamAM AvatA lumbinI gAmamAM paNa temanI jamIna ane vADI hatI. te aMjana koliyanI be kanyAone paraNelA-ekanuM nAma mAyAdevI ane bIjInuM nAma prajApati gotamI. lagabhaga i.sa.pUrve pa63mAM mAyAdevIe lumbinI gAmanA udyAnamAM eka putrane janma Apyo. mA-dikarAne kapilavastu lAvavAmAM AvyA. asita RSie bhaviSya bhAkhyuM ke dikaro mahAna thaze,jagatano uddhAraka thaze. bALakanuM nAma gautama pADavAmAM AvyuM. bALakanA janma pachI sAtame divase mAyAdevI avasAna pAmyA. prajApati gotamIe tene peTanA dIkarAnI jema ucheryo. kizorAvasthAmAM gautama pitAne khetare jatA, jAMbuDAnI zItaLa chAyAmAM dhyAna dharatA, sarva jIvo pratye maitrInI bhAvanA karatA ane cittamAM kuvicArane pravezavA detA nahi. yoganA jANakAra bharaMDu kAlAmano Azrama kapilavastumAM hato. A Azrame paNa teo jatA. temano yauvanakALa amanacamanamAM pasAra thayo. te atyaMta sukumAra hatA. te rezamI vastro paheratA. taDako lAge nahi mATe sevaka temanA mAthe zveta chatra dharato. pitAe temanA mATe suMdara sarovara baMdhAvyuM hatuM. traNa RtuomAM rahevA mATe traNa judA judA mahelo hatA. comAsAmAM te mahela bahAra paga paNa mUkatA nahi. strIonAM gAyana-vAdana sAMbhaLavAmAM vakhata pasAra karatA. temanuM lagna yazodharA sAthe thayuM. yazodharAthI eka putra thayo. tenuM nAma rAhula.

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104 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo Ama, sukhasaMpattino upabhoga karavAmAM kALa pasAra thato hato tyAreya gautamanA sukumAra cittane saMsAranA duHkho vyAkULa karI mUkatA. mANasajAtane veThavA paDatAM ghaDapaNa, roga ane maraNanAM du:khonA vicAro temane satata AvatA. tRSNA ane asaMtoSane lIdhe paraspara jhagaDatA lokone joI temane saMsAramAM nirbhayasthAna durlabha jaNAyuM. nirbhayasthAna ane duHkhamuktino mArga zodhavAnI temane icchA jAgI. sarvasvano tyAga karI pharatAM parivrAjakonA nirbhaya ane AnaMdita caherA joI temane lAgatuM ke A loko pAse dukhamuktino upAya hovo joie.vaLI, bharaDuM kalAma pAsethI temaNe saMnyAsa ane dhyAnamArga vize ghaNI vAto sAMbhaLI hatI. bharaMDue potAnA guru AdhAra kAlAmanI vAto paNa temane kahI haze. adhUrAmAM pUruM zAkya gaNarAjya pAse AvelA licchavI gaNarAjayanA rAjakumAra vardhamAne thoDAM ja varSo pahelAM duHkhamuktino upAya zodhavA gRhatyAga karyo hato ane jJAna-tyAganuM baLa rAjabaLathI zreSTha che e batAvI ApyuM hatuM. A ghaTanA gautamanA dhyAna bahAra na ja rahI hoya. A badhAnuM samagra pariNAma e AvyuM ke gautame paNa duHkhamuktinA upAyanI zodha mATe gRhatyAgano nizcaya karyo. pitA zuddhodana ane mAtA prajApati gotamIne temaNe potAno nirNaya jaNAvyo. mAtApitA raDavA lAgyAM. paraMtu gautama to 29 varSanI bharayuvAnImAM mAthuM muMDAvI, bhagavA vastra oDhI ghara choDIne cAlI nIkaLyA. A pramANe pravajyA laI te AlAra kAlAmanA Azrame gayA. AlAra kAlAme te AlAra kAlAmano Azrama choDI yogI rudraka rAmaputranA Azrame gayA. rudrake temane dhyAnanI AThamI bhUmikA zIkhavI. atyAra sudhImAM gautame AdhyAtmika mArge sArI pragati karI hatI. temaNe kAyAnAM duSkarmo choDI dIdhAM hatAM, vANInuM durvartana choDI dIdhuM hatuM ane yogya rIte meLavelI bhikSAthI ja te udaranirvAha calAvatA hatA. paraMtu temane saMpUrNa duHkhamuktine upAya jaDyo na hato. temane to saMpUrNa duHkhamuktine pariNAme prApta thatI parama zAnti joitI hatI. te haju temane maLI na hatI, eTale te upAya ane te zAnti meLavavA mATe rudranA AzramamAMthI bhadravargIya bhikSuo sAthe te cAlI nIkaLyA ane rAjagRha gayA. kAraNake temane lAgyuM ke tyAM zramaNo pAsethI temane kharuM jJAna lAdhaze. gautame tyAM jaI zramaNonI tapazcaryA nihALI. tapa dvArA parama zAnti meLavavAno temaNe nizcaya karyo. tapa karavA mATe yogya sthAna zodhatA zodhatA te uruvelA pahoMcyA. te sthAna temane anukULa jaNAyuM. tyAM temaNe tapa AdaryuM. tapathI temanuM zarIra atyaMta kRza thaI gayuM.bhAMgelA gharanI vaLIonI jema temanI pAMsaLIo khakhaDI gai. UMDA kUvAnA pANImAM tArAonAM paDelAM pratibiMba jevI kIkIo dekhAvA lAgI. kaDavuM koLuM kApI taDakAmAM rAkhatAM jema te karamAI jAya tema temanuM zarIra karamAI gayuM. pITha ane peTa eka thaI gayAM. paraMtu AvA ghora tapa dvArA paNa temane parama zani na maLI. tapathI cittanA maLo dUra na thatAM temane tapanI nirthakatA

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bauddha dharma 105 samajAI. temaNe pharI dhyAnamArga tarapha vaLavAno nizcaya karyo. dhyAnamAM paNa cittane ane samagra jagatane maitrIthI bharI denAruM dhyAna ja temane sAco parama zAntino upAya lAgyo. dehadaMDanA mArganI samAjamAM pratiSThA hatI. tene choDI de to loko haNuM bole. paraMtu gautame tenI paravA karI nahi. temaNe ghora tapano mArga choDI dIdho. pariNAme pelA pAMca bhadravargIya bhikSuo temane choDI cAlyA gayA. dhyAnamArgamAM mAra sAthe saMgrAma khelavo paDe che. gautame apramattapaNe Avo saMgrAma khelavA mAMDyo. mAra tRSNA ane cittagata duvRttionuM pratIka che. gautama satata jAgrata rahyA-rakhene duvRtti cittamAM pravezI jAya. satata jAgrata rahIne ane dhyAna karIne temaNe cittanI badhI duvRttio ane kuvAsanAono nAza karavA mAMDyo. vaizAkhI pUrNimA hatI. sujAtA nAme eka kulIna kanyAe gautamane bhikSAmAM khIra ApI. naraMjarA nadIne tIre khIranuM bhojana karI te pIpaLAnA vRkSa nIce gayA. tyAM dhyAna dharyuM. mAra sAthe yuddha zarU thayuM. mArano saMpUrNa parAjaya thayo. citta nirmaLa thayuM. rAtano samaya hato gautamane parama jJAna (saMbodhi) thayuM. te buddha banyA. temane parama zAntino lAbha thayo. sAta divasa sudhI vimuktinA sukhane anubhavatA e ja sthAne te besI rahyA. sAtamI rAtrinA chellA prahare temaNe udgAra kADhyA ke dharmajJAnano jyAre sAkSAtkAra thAya che tyAre mAranI senAno dhvaMsa thaI jAya che ane te parama jJAna sUryanI jema prakAze che. saMbodhinI prApti pachI gautamane lAgyuM ke meM zodhelo mArga lokapravAhathI UlaTo janAro che, gaMbhIra che. sUkSma che; tene ajJAnI ane kAmAsakta loko nahi samajI zake; teno upadeza lokone Apavo te vyartha che. paraMtu pachI tarata ja temanAmAM karuNAmaitrI-muditA-upekSAnI bhAvanA jAgI. lokone duHkhathI pIDAtA joI karuNA jAgI ane temane duHkhamukta thavAno mArga batAvavA saMkalpa karyo. sarva jIvo pratyenI maitrIe te saMkalpane daDha karyo. jo koI mArgane grahaNa karaze to tenAthI pote moda pAmaze ane jo koI mArgane grahaNa nahi kare to pote upekSA-udAsInatA sevaze evuM temaNe nakkI karyuM. Ama, lokakalyANArthe pote zodhelA duHkhamuktinA mArgano upadeza ApavAno buddha nirNaya karyo ane potAnA A abhinava dharmamArgano upadeza pahelavahelo pelA bhadravargIya pAMca bhikSuone devAno temaNe nirNaya karyo. te bhikSuo te vakhate vArANasI pAse RSipatanamAM hatA. te tyAM gayA. tyAM temaNe temane upadeza Apyo. A upadezane dharmacakra pravartana kahe che. pachI to buddhe potAnI upadesagaMgA janatA mATe vahAvI. aneka strI puruSo bhikSubhikSuNI banyAM. samRddha zreSThio, kSatriyo ane rAjArANIo bauddha dharmanA upAsako banyA. karmAraputra cuMda, lUMTAro aMgulimAla ane gaNikA AmrapAlI jevAM paNa buddhane zaraNe AvyAM. buddha buddhivAdI hatA. temaNe lokone vyaktine zaraNe nahi paNa yuktine arthAta buddhine zaraNe javAnuM kahyuM che. eka vAra temaNe kAlAmone kahyuM, "he kAlAmo! meM tamane

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106 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo A kahyuM, paraMtu tame teno svIkAra kevaLa paraMparAgata che mATe na karazo. kevaLa tamArA dharmagraMthane anukULa che mATe na karazo, kevaLa teno kahenAro tamAro pUjya che mATe na karazo, kevaLa tamane game che mATe na karazo, paraMtu jo tame tene kalyANakara ane nirdoSa samajatA ho ane tene grahaNa karavAthI saunuM kalyANa ane kuzaLa thaze ema tamane kharekhara khAtarI thAya to ja tame tene svIkArajo." AvI mahAna vibhUtinuM 80 varSanI vaye raktAtisAranA rogathI kuzInagaramAM avasAna thayuM. 3. zAstro ane upadezaH saMbodhinI prApti thI mAMDI mRtyuparyata buddhe ApelA upadezano saMgraha tripiTaka graMthomAM che. traNa piTako che. vinayapiTaka, suttapicaka ane abhidhammapiTaka. vinayapiTakamAM buddha bhikSu-bhikSANIonA AcAranA niyamo vize je upadeza Apelo tenuM saMkalana karavAmAM AvyuM che. suttapiTakamAM buddhano dharma upara Apelo upadeza saMkalita karavAmAM Avyo che. abhidhammapiTakamAM bauddha tatvajJAnanuM nirUpaNa che. A tripiTakonI bhASA pAli che. pAli bhASA buddhanA te jamAnAnA vihArakSetranI lokabhASAnuM ja eka rUpAMtara che. buddhano upadeza saune mATe hato. manuSya manuSya vacceno bhedabhAva temane svIkArya na hato. jAtibheda temane kaThato hato. teo kahetA ke kITakajAti, pazujAti, masyajAti, pakSIjAti vagere jAtiomAM jAtibhedaka lakSaNo che, paraMtu manuSyonI ApaNe UbhI karelI jAtiomAM jAtabhedaka lakSaNo nathI. manuSyono jAtibheda vyartha che. teo kahetA ke janmathI koI UMca nathI ke nIca nathI, karmathI ja manuSya UMca ke nIca bane che; tapa, saMyama, brahmacarya ane damathI ja manuSya brAhmaNa bane che; jaTAthI, gotrathI ke janmathI te brAhmaNa banato nathI. buddha vyavahAru hatA. teo mithyA tAtvika carcAothI aLagA rahevAnuM pasaMda karatA. ekavAra emanA ziSya mAlukyaputre nakkI karyuM ke buddhane pUchavuM ke jagata nitya che ke anitya. deha ane AtmA bhinna che ke abhinna, tathAgata buddhane punarjanma che ke nahi, vagere; buddha pAsethI "hA" ke "nA'mAM javAba meLavavo; ane jo evo javAba buddha na Ape to temanI AdhyAtmika netAgIrI pote phagAvI devI. te buddha pAse gayo. buddhe tene mananIya uttara Apyo. "he mAlyaputra! eka mANasane jhera pAyeluM bANa vAgyuM hoya ane vaidya tenuM bANa kheMcI kADhI upacAra karavA Ave tyAre zuM vaidhane te ema kaheze ke pahelA tame mane kaho ke A bANa koNe mAryuM; te brAhmaNa hato , kSatriya hato, vaizya hato ke zudra hato; te ThIMgaNo hato ke UMco; te kALo hato ke goro; te A gAmano hato ke paragAmano; bANanI pukha samaDInAM pIMchAnI che ke bAjanA; dhanuSya kevI jAtanuM hatuM; tenI dorI zenI banAvelI hatI; A badhA praznonA uttara Apo te pachI ja huM tamane A mane atyaMta pIDA karanAra bANa kADhavA

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bauddha dharma 107 vyartha samaya na bagADavo joIe. du:kha che e hakIkata che ane tene dUra karavA prayatna karavo joie. jagata nitya che ke anitya vagere carcA karavAthI duHkhamukti mATenI sAdhanAmAM madada thatI nathI. evA vAdavivAdathI vairAgya utpanna thanAra nathI, pApano nirodha thavAno nathI, cittanI zAnti maLavAnI nathI, prajJA UgavAnI nathI ane nirvANa prApta thavAnuM nathI." buddhane sAMpradAyika saMkucitatA bilakula pasaMda na hatI. temaNe eka vAra nIce pramANe upadeza Apyo : "keTalAka loko kahe che ke amAro dharma ja pUrNa che ane bIjA dharmo hIna che. A rIte laDAI-jhagaDA ubhA karI teo vivAda kare che. teo potAnI vAta ja sAcI che evo Agraha rAkhe che. pote kalpelA matane mahattva denAra ane haThapUrvaka vAdavivAda karanAra mANasane samajAvavo ane zAnta karavo muzkela che. te vivAdamAM potAnI jItane ja potAnuM dhyeya mAne che ke ahaMkAramAM matta banI potAnI . jAtane mAnathI abhiSikta kare che. A badhuM sAMpradAyikatAne hRdayasarasI cAMpavAnuM ja pariNAma che. asthira manuSya ja vAda-vivAdamAM paDe che. DAhyo ane sthiracitta mANasa temAM paDato nathI. te koI matano Agraha rAkhato nathI. tene koI paMtha pratye rAga hoto nathI. bhinna bhinna mato ane paMtho pratye te udAsIna rahe che. teNe rAgadveSarUpI gAMThane chedI nAMkhI hovAthI te A ke te mata yA paMthano pakSapAtI banI anyane utArI pADato nathI. tenI pAse sAMpradAyikatA ane saMkucitatA TUMkatA paNa nathI. te sAMpradAyika matamatAMtarothI mukta hoya che. udAra hoya che." eka vAra buddha bhikSuone kahyuM, "he bhukSuo ! koI raMgAro meluM vastra raMgavA lAge to te tene sArI rIte raMgI zakato nathI. tenuM kAraNa e che ke te vastra meluM che. melA vastra upara raMga barAbara caDato nathI. tevI ja rIte citta meluM hoya to tenA upara saguNano-AdhyAtmikatAno raMga caDato nathI. cittano mela che rAga, dveSa, irSyA, zatA, kuTilatA, mAna ane pramAda. melA vastrane dhoI tenA upara raMga caDAvavAmAM Ave to tenA upara raMga barAbara caDe che. tevI ja rIte cittanA maLone dUra karI cittane zuddha karavuM sau prathama jarUrI che. zuddha cittamAM saguNo sahelAIthI praveze che. keTalAka loko gaMgAmAM snAna karIne pote zuddha thaI gayA ema mAne che. keTalAka gayA tIrtha jaI AvyAthI pote zuddha thaI gayA ema mAne che, badhA sAthe vera karanArA pApI mANasane gaMgA, gayA vagere zuM karI zakavAnA? je puNya karmo kare che tene sau sthAno tIrtha che ane roja zubha nakSatra che. tenA hAthe haMmezA vrata thayA ja kare che. DAhyA mANase dharmakAryamAM ja pravRtta rahevuM ane sau jIvo upara prema karavo." buddha traNa vastuno upadeza Apyo che. te traNa vastu che-zIla, samAdhi ane prajJA. zIla bauddha dharmano pAyo che. sarva pApamAMthI virati ja zIla che. sArA bhAvomAM

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108 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo cittane ekAgra karavuM e samAdhi che. samAdhi bauddha dharmano madhya che. prajJAmAM bauddha dharmanuM paryavasAna che. jyAre bhikSu prajJAthI sAkSAtkAra kare che ke badhuM anitya che, duHkhamaya che, "huM" ke "mAruM" kaMI nathI tyAre duHkhano saMpUrNa nirodha thAya che. prajJA ISTa-aniSTamAM samabhAva pedA kare che. rati-arati, jaya-parAjaya, rAga-dveSa, pApa-puNya vagere kaMdothI prajJAvAna para thaI jAya che. bauddha dharmamAM paNa tene Asakti rahetI nathI. dharma tarApAne jevo che. te bhavasAgara tarI javA mATe che, marI gayA pachI kAMdha upADI pharavA mATe nathI. prajJAvAna dharmathI paNa para thAya che. zIlathI pApakarmonuM atikramaNa thAya che. samAdhithI duSTa manovRttionuM atikramaNa thAya che ane prajJAthI bhavanuM (= punarjanmanuM) atikramaNa thAya che. samAdhi lezone nabaLA pADe che ane prajJA temano samULa nAza kare che. 10 4. tAttvika siddhAntoH cAra Aryasatyo : buddhe cAra Arya satyono upadeza duHkhanirodhano upAya paNa che. jema AyurvedamAM roga, rogahetu, Arogya (roganAza) ane bhaiSaja (davA) e cAra satyo che tema adhyAtmazAstramAM paNa duHkha duHkhahetu, duHkhanirodha ane duHkhanirodhano upAya e cAra satyo che, jema vaidya yogya davA ApI rogano nAza kare che tema buddha duHkhanirodhano upAya batAvI du:khano nAza kare che. A kAraNe ja buddhane mahAna vaidyarAja gaNavAmAM AvyA che. duHkha che. jagatanA sarva padArtho duHkhamaya che. viSayone bhogavatI vakhate lAgatuM sukha paNa pariNAme duHkha ja che. janma, jarA ane mRtyu paNa duHkha ja che. priyano viyoga duHkha che, apriyano saMyoga duHkha che. dhananA upArjanamAM, rakSaNamAM ane vyayamAM paNa duHkha che. artha anarthakara che. loko duHkhadAhamAM baLI rahyA che. saMsAramAM duHkha ja che. duHkhanuM mULa che. kAraNa vinA duHkha utpanna thAya nahi. tenuM kAraNa hovuM ja joIe, duHkhanuM kAraNa tRSNA che. tRSNAM ja saMsAradAvAnaLamAM prANIone home che. tRSNA ja duHkharUpa viSayabhoga tarapha prANIone vALe che. viSayabhoga tRSNAnuM Idhana che. viSayabhogathI tRSNA vadhe che. tRSNAthI citta vyagra rahe che. tRSNAgrasta prANI sAMsArika jALa race che ane temAM phasAya che. duHkhano nirodha zakya che. tRSNAkSayathI ja duHkhano nAza saMbhave che. tRSNAno nAza thatAM cittanI vyagratA dUra thAya che. tRSNAmuktanuM citta parama zAnti anubhave che. tenI vivekabuddhi pUrNa kaLAe khIle che. pariNAme teno punarjanmathI chuTakAro thAya che. Ama, tRSNAlayathI duHkhanivRtti zakya che. duHkhanA nirodhano upAya che. duHkhane dUra karavuM hoya to tRSNAno nAza karavo joIe. paNa tRSNAno nAza kevI rIte karavo? A mATe buddha Arya aSTAMgika mArgano upadeza Apyo che.

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bauddha dharma 109 aSTAMgika mArga : A buddha ciMdhelo mArga duHkharahita che, AMkho kholI nAkhanAra che, saMbodhi ane nirvANa bhaNI laI janAra che. A kalyANano mArga che. amRtano mArga che. kAmabhoga ane vikAsano mArga grAmya, aziSTa ane hIna che, ghora tapano mArga duHkhamaya ane anarthakara che. te benI vacce thaI jato A mArga che. tethI tene madhyamamArga kahevAmAM Ave che. A ja parama zAntino mArga che. tenAM ATha aMgo che-samyak daSTi, samyapha saMkalpa, samyapha vANI, samyak karmAnta, samyapha AjIva, samyapha vyAyAma, samyapha smRti ane samyapha samAdhi.. samyaka dRSTi : samyak daSTinA traNa artha che : 1. cAra AryasatyomAM zraddhA.2. sArAM kuzaLa) karma ane kharAba (akuzaLa) karmano temaja kuzaLa karmanA kAraNa ane akuzaLa karmanA kAraNano viveka. 3. cAra Aryasatyono sAkSAtkAra - cAra AryasatyomAM zraddhA e A mArgano pAyo che. A arthamAM samyaka dRSTi zIlanuM kAraNa che. kuzaLa-akuzaLa karmono temaja temanAM kAraNono viveka zIlanuM hArda che. cAra Aryasatyono sAkSAtkAra (prajJA) e mArganI parama koTi che. A arthamAM samyaka dRSTi mArganuM paryavasAna che. kAyika, vAcika ane mAnasika karmo be prakAranAM hoya che - kuzaLa ane akuzaLa, kuzaLa karmonAM kAraNa che alobha, adveSa ane amoha, akuzaLa karmonAM kAraNa che lobha, dveSa ane moha. kuzaLa-akuzaLa karmo ane temanAM kAraNono vibhAga karavo tenuM nAma viveka. zIlane mATe Avo viveka atyaMta Avazyaka che. AvA vivekane paNa samyaka dRSTi gaNavAmAM Ave che. samyaka saMkalpaH zraddhA pramANe nizraya thAya ane nizcaya pramANe AcAra thAya. saMkalpano artha che nizcaya. Ama, samyapha saMkalpa e samyak daSTi (zraddhA) ane zIlane joDanAra majabUta karI che. cAra AryasatyonI zraddhAne anurUpa saMkalpa tRSNArAhityano, adrohano ane ahiMsAno ja hoya. tRSNA ja badhAM duHkhonI jananI che. droha ane hiMsA potAnuM temaja bIjAnuM akalyANa karanArAM che, vyakti temaja samAjanuM ahita karanArAM che. tethI, A mArganA pathike daDha saMkalpa karavo joIe ke pote viSayonI tRSNA nahi rAkhe, koI jIvano droha nahi kare ane koI prANInI hiMsA nahi kare. samyaka vANI jeNe tRSNArAhityano, adrohano ane ahiMsAno saMkalpa karyo hoya te kadI asatya na bole, kaThora veNa na kahe, cADI-cugalI na kare paraMtu satya bole, madhura veNa kahe ane sarvabhUtopakAraka vANI bole. "A mArgano pathika sarvajanahitakara vacano bole athavA mauna dhAraNa kare'- buddha bhagavAnano A Adeza che. A ja samyaka vANI che. samyaka karmaH jeNe tRSNArAhitya, adroha ane ahiMsAno saMkalpa karyo hoya te Asakta thaI kaMI paNa grahaNa na kare tema ja bIjAne duHkha thAya evAM kAyika, vAcika ke mAnasika karmo na kare. A ja samyaka karma che. A mArgano sAdhaka bhikSu

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110 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo hiMsA na kare, asatya na bole, corI na kare, vyabhicAra na kare, mAdaka padArthonuM sevana na kare, kaveLA bhojana na kare, mAlA-attarano upayoga na kare, nAca-gAna dekhe - sAMbhaLe nahi, suvarNa-rajatano svIkAra na kare ane kImatI zayyA-Asanano upayoga na kare. bhikSunAM A dasa zIla kahevAya che. prathama pAMca, upAsakanAM paMcazIla kahevAya che. je sAdhaka samyapha karmanuM AcaraNa karato nathI te potAno jaDamULathI nAza kare che. samyaka AjIvaH AjIvano artha che AjIvikA. samyapha saMkalpanI avirodhI AjIvikA samyapha AjIvikA gaNAya. AjIvikAmAM mukhyapaNe anna ane vastrono samAveza thAya che. A beya vastuo bhikSune bIjAnI pAsethI meLavavAnI hoya che. tRSNArAhitya, adroha ane ahiMsAno teno saMkalpa hoI te sAdhanArthe zarIra TakAvavA bhojana le che ane TADa-taDakAthI zarIranuM rakSaNa karavA temaja lAja DhAMkavA ja cIvara dhAraNa kare che. bhojana ane cIvara prApta karavA tenA samyapha saMkalpane toDe evuM kaMI te karato nathI. jyotiSa, sAmudrika vidyA, maMtraprayoga Adino upayoga te AjIvikA meLavavA karato nathI, te bhikSAmAM je maLe te le che. koI vAra na maLe to paNa prasanna rahe che. cIvara maLe to ThIka, na maLe to cIMtharAmAMthI paNa cIvara banAvI le che. A tenI samyapha AjIvikA che. samyaka vyAyAmaH samyapha saMkalpathI avirodhI prayatna te samyapha vyAyAma. jeNe tRSNArAhitya, adroha ane ahiMsAno saMkalpa karyo hoya che te bhoga, droha, hiMsA AdinA bUrA vicAro cittamAM na UThe te mATe prayatna kare che ane UhyA hoya to temane cittamAMthI hAMkI kADhavAno prayatna kare che. te maitrI Adi sabhAvanAone cittamAM jagADavAno prayatna kare che ane jAgI hoya to temane cittamAM TakAvI rAkhavAno prayatna kare che. A ja samyapha vyAyAma che. samayaka smRti : smRtino artha che sAvadhAnI, apramAda yA jAgRti. samyapha saMkalpane anurUpa smRti samyapha smRti che. jeNe tRSNArAhitya, adroha ane ahiMsAno saMkalpa karyo che teNe bhoga, droha ane hiMsA AdinA bUrA vicAro potAnA cittamAM dAkhala na thaI jAya e mATe atyaMta sAvadha rahevuM joIe. cittane bUrA vicAronI kuTeva anAdikALathI paDelI che. tethI, jarA paNa pramAda sevyo to tarata ja cupakIdIthI coranI peThe bUrA vicAro cittamAM dAkhala thaI jAya che. apramAda yA smRti e cittamahelano dvArapALa che. te bUrA vicArone cittamAM dAkhala thatA rokI cittanuM rakSaNa kare che. samyaka samAdhi : samAdhi eTale cittanI ekAgratA, teno viSaya kuzala hoya to tene kuzala samAdhi kahevAya ane teno viSaya akuzala hoya to tene akuzala samAdhi kahevAya. kuzala samAdhi ja samyapha samAdhi che. Ama, sanmanovRttiomAM cittane sthira karavuM e ja

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bauddha dharma 111 samyaka samAdhi che. samyapha samAdhine pariNAme yathArthadarzI prajJAno udaya thAya che, Aryasatyono sAkSAtkAra thAya che ane bhavano anta thAya che-punarjanma aTakI jAya che. pratItyasamutpAdavAda : "A hoya to A thAya ane A na hoya to A na thAya' evo kAryakAraNano siddhAMta ja pratItyasamutpAdavAda che. A niyama pramANe je utpanna thAya che tenI utpattinuM kAraNa avazya hoya che ane jyAre utpAdaka karaNano abhAva hoya che tyAre kAryano abhAva hoya che. buddhe duHkhamuktinA mArga spaSTa karavA ja pratItyasamutpAdavAdano upadeza dIdho che. keTalAka evuM mAnatA hatA ke duHkhanuM koI kAraNa nathI ane tethI duHkhamukti zakya nathI. keTalAka evuM mAnatA hatA ke duHkha Izvaranirmita che ane tethI IzvarAnugrahathI ja duHkhamukta thaI zakAya. paraMtu pratItyasamutpAdavAda anusAra duHkhanuM kAraNa che ane tethI tene dUra karI duHkha dUra karI zakAya. Ama, du:khanirodhanI zakyatA ane puruSArthanA svIkArano tAttvika yA saiddhAMntika pAyo pratItyasamutpAdavAda pUro pADe che. dareka ghaTanA potAnI utpatti mATe potAnI pUrvavartI koI ghaTanAno kAraNarUpe AdhAra le che ane pote paNa anya paravartI ghaTanAno kAraNarUpa AdhAra bane che. Ama, kAryakAraNanuM cakra cAlyA kare che. bhavacakra paNa AvuM ja kAryakAraNanuM cakra che. bhavacakranAM bAra aMgo che. eTale bhavacakranA saMdarbhamAM pratItyasamutpAdane bAra aMgavALo kahyo che. A bAra aMgo kAryakAraNanI zuMkhalAo che. temane bAra nidAno paNa kahe che. te che : avidyA (cAra AryasatyonuM ajJAna), saskAra (karmo) vijJAna (mAtAnI kUkhe avatareluM citta), nAmarUpa cetanAyukta prAthamika garbhazarIra), SaDAyatana (paMcendriyo ane mana), sparza (indriyano viSaya sAthe saMparka) vedanA, tRSNA, upAdAna (Asakti) bhava (punarjanmotpAdakama), jAti (janma), jarA-maraNa Adi duHkha avidyAne lIdhe karmo baMdhAya che, baMdhAyelAM karmone lIdhe citta mAtAnI kUkhe avatare che, avatarelA cittane lIdhe cetanAyukta prAthamika garbhazarIranuM nirmANa thAya che, AvA garbhazarIrane lIdhe pAMca indriyo ane mana utpanna thAya che, indriya-manane lIdhe indriya-manano viSaya sAthe saMparka thAya che. AvA saMparkane lIdhe sukhaduHkhanuM vedanA thAya che, sukhaduHkhanA vedanane lIdhe tRSNA janme che, tRSNAne Asakti janme che, Asaktine lIdhe punarjanmotpAdaka karma baMdhAya che, AvAM karmone lIdhe punarjanma thAya che ane punarjanma yA janmane lIdhe jarA-maraNa Adi duHkha pedA thAya che. Ama, bhavacakra niraMtara cAlyA kare che. bhavacakranuM mULa avidyA che. eTale avidyA dUra thatAM karmabaMdha aTakI jAya che, karmabaMdha aTakatAM cittanuM mAtAnI kUkhe avataraNa aTakI jAya che ane A ja krame chevaTe jarA-maraNa Adi duHkha paNa nAza pAme che. kSaNabhaMgavAda : pratItyasamutpAdavAdanuM sUkSma rUpa kSaNabhaMgavAda che. A vAda anusAra jagatanI badhI vastuo kSaNika che. buddhe pote zAzvatavAda ane ucchedavAdanI vacceno mArga (madhyamamArgI svIkAryo che. temaNe kahyuM che ke evI koI cIja nathI

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11 2 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo je atyaMta aparivartanazIla hoya, nitya hoya, zAzvata hoya. temaNe sAthe sAthe ema paNa kahyuM che ke koI paNa vastuno atyaMta uccheda thato nathI. vAstu zAzvata paNa na hoya ane uccheda pAmatI paNa na hoya to pachI te kevI hoya? te vastu eka kSaNa ja TakanArI paraMtu potAnA jevI ja bIjI vastune utpanna karI mUkI janArI hoya. vastu eka kSaNa ja Take che mATe zAzvata nathI. ane te potAnA pachI potAnAM jevI ja vastune janma ApI mUktI jAya che. eTale eno atyaMta uccheda paNa nathI. jene ApaNe sthira yA | nitya vastu mAnIe chIe te kharekhara to aneka ekasarakhI kSaNika vastuonI hAra che, jemAM pUrvanI vastu upara uttaranI vastunA astitvano AdhAra che, kAraNa ke pratItyasamutpAdanA niyamathI teo ekabIjA sAthe kArya-kAraNarUpe saMbaddha che. AvI hArane saMtAna yA saMtati kahevAmAM Ave che. 15 anAtmavAda : upaniSadoe aparivartanazIla zAzvata tattvane svIkArI tene . AtmA' nAma ApyuM che. badhI ja vastuone pratItyasamutpanna ane kSaNika mAnanAra buddha AvA AtmAne kevI rIte svIkArI zake ? temaNe AvA AtmAno svIkAra na karyo hovAthI te anAtmavAdI kahevAya che. upaniSadoe je AtmAtattva svIkAryuM che te cittathI para che. buddha cittathI para evA koI tattvane svIkAratA nathI. temane mana citta ja parama tattva che, cittathI para koI tattva nathI. te svabhAvathI prakAzamaya che ane tenA maLo AgaMtuka che. 17 AgaMtuka maLone dUra karI cittane tenA zuddha svarUpamAM pratiSThita karavA mATeno ja buddhano parama upadeza che. anIzvaravAdaH jagatanI dareka vastu potAnA astitva mATe potAnA kAraNane AdhIna che, tene IzvaranuM koI prayojana nathI. pratItyasamutpAdavAdano A phalitArtha che, tethI buddha Izvarano svIkAra karyo nathI. jagatano koI eka kartA temane mAnya nathI. sukhaduHkhanuM kAraNa potAnA karmo ja che. sukhaduHkhanA dAtA tarIke Izvarane mAnavAnI jarUra nathI. buddha potAne kevaLa duHkhamuktino mArga dekhADanAra gaNe che. bAkI to mArganA pathike pote ja cAlavAnuM che. teNe pote ja puruSArtha karavAno che. potAnuM karma ja potAnuM tAraka che. pote ja potAno tAraNahAra che, bIjo koI tAraNahAra nathI. karmasiddhAMta ane punarjanma : dvAdazAMga bhavacakranI dharI karmasiddhAnta che. karma ane tenA phaLanA pArasparika saMbaMdhane lIdhe bhavacakra cAlyA kare che. karma ja phaLanuM kAraNa che ane karma ja punarjanmanuM kAraNa che.19 A janmamAM karelAM keTalAMka karmanuM phaLa A janmamAM maLatuM nathI. paraMtu temanuM phaLa to kAryakAraNanA niyama anusAra maLavuM ja joIe. AthI punarjanmano svIkAra karavo paDe che. jagatamAM manuSyo buddhimAna-maMdabuddhi, garIba-tavaMgara, alpAyu-dIrdhAyu jaNAya che. karmane svIkAryA vinA AvA bhedano khulAso thaI zakto nathI. ApaNe ghaNIvAra joIe chIe ke sajjana mANasa sukArya karavA chatAM A janmamAM tenA phaLarUpa sukha pAmato nathI. tethI, koInI karmasiddhAntamAMthI zraddhA na DagI jAya? bauddha dharma kahe che ke karmonA be prakAra che 1 TakA che.

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bauddha dharma 113 - keTalAMka A janmamAM potAnAM phaLa Ape che ane keTalAMka pachInA janmamAM potAnAM phaLa Ape che. kAyika karmo, vAcika karyo ane mAnasa karmomAM mAnasa karmonuM ja atyaMta mahattva che. ApaNe je kArya karIe chIe te paNa karma kahevAya che ane tene pariNAme je saMskAra yA vAsanA cittamAM paDe che te paNa karma kahevAya che. vAsanArUpa karma punarjanmanuM kAraNa che. bauddha dharma aparivartanazIla nitya AtmAne mAnato na hovA chatAM karma ane punarjanmane mAne che. te anusAra je cittasaMtAnamAM karma kare che te cittasaMtAna ja tenuM phaLa bhogave che ane teno ja punarjanma thAya che. IzvaravAdI darzanomAM je sthAna IzvaranuM che te sthAna bauddha dharmanA karmanuM che. potAnA karmane anurUpa sukhaduHkha prANI bhogave che. je jevuM kare che tevuM pAme che. koI koIne sukha ke duHkha detuM nathI. Ama, karmasiddhAnta dveSano nAzaka che ane puruSArtha temaja svataMtra saMkalpazaktino poSaka che. karmanuM phaLa bhogavatI vakhate samatA dhAraNa karavI ke vikSipta thavuM te bAbate citta svataMtra che. zubha saMkalpa karavA ke azubha te bAbate paNa citta svataMtra che. manuSya atyAre jevo che tenI saMpUrNa javAbadArI tenI potAnI che ane bhaviSyamAM te jevo thavA icche te thavAno saMpUrNa AdhAra paNa tenA upara che. nirvANa : nirvANano artha che nirodha. saMpUrNa duHkhanirodha e ja nirvANa che. zIla, samAdhi ane prajJA dvArA nirvANa prApta thAya che. nirvANamAM cittanA saghaLA maLo dUra thaI jAya che, citta atyaMta zuddha banI potAnA prabhAsvara svabhAvamAM pratiSThita thAya che. cittamAM koI paNa vRtti UThatI nathI. cittanI badhI ja vRttio zAnta thaI jAya che. tene sukhaduHkhanuM vadana hotuM nathI, kevaLa zAnti hoya che. cittamAM bAhya viSayano koI AkAra UThato nathI. temAM zabdayukta jJAnAkAra paNa hoto nathI. te saMskArothI paNa mukta thaI jAya che. cittanI nirmaLatA ane vRttirahitatA ja nirvANa che. nirvANamAM kevaLa zAMti che. tene sukha gaNavuM hoya to gaNo. AvuM citta punarjanma pAmatuM nathI. ekavAra citta AvI avasthAne pAme che pachI te temAMthI pruta thatuM nathI. A arthamAM nirvANane ayyata ane nitya gaNavAmAM AvyuM che. nirvANa amRta pada che, ajara che, niprapaMca che, ziva che, vizuddhi che ane trANa che. 20 5. naitika siddhAnto (zIla) : bhikSunA dasa zIlano ApaNe nirdeza karI gayAM chIe. temAMthI pAMca zIla gRhastha pALavAM joIe. A pAMca zIla che: hiMsA na karavI, corI na karavI, vyabhicAra na karavo, asatya na bolavuM ane mAdaka padArthonuM sevana na karavuM. A mukhya satkarmo che. A zIlo kevaLa niSedhAtmaka nathI paraMtu vidheyAtmaka paNa che. ahiMsAno artha hiMsA na karavI eTalo ja nathI paNa maitrI, karuNA, muditA ane upekSAnI bhAvanAno vikAsa karI tene anurUpa AcaraNa karavuM te paNa che. sarva jIvo pratye sneha ane suhRdabhAva prasArita karavo e maitrI che. jIvonA upara upakAra karavo, emanA sukhanI kAmanA karavI, dveSa ane drohano tyAga karavo te maitrInAM lakSaNo che. maitrIbhAvanA barAbara jAmatAM dveSa zamI jAya che. jIvonuM duHkha dekhI satyapuruSonuM

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114 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo hRdaya kaMpI UThe che. A kaMpana karuNA che. karUNA jIvonAM duHkhone dUra karavA pravRtta thAya che. te niSkriya hotI nathI. karUNA paraduHkhabhaMjanI che. bIjAne du:khI dekhI sAdhupuruSanuM hRdaya dravI UThe che ane potAnA prANanA bhoge paNa bIjAnuM duHkha dUra karavAnI tenI taiyArI hoya che. bIjAnI unnati dekhI harSa thavo te muditA che. muditA IrSAne dUra kare che. jenuM citta muditAthI pUrNa hoya che tenAmAM IrSA jAgavAno saMbhava nathI. tenA cittamAM alaukika saMtoSa hoya che. muditAbhAvanAthI janmato harSa koIne duHkhakara banato nathI. sarva jIvo pratye samabhAva te upekSA che. upekSAbhAvanAthI bharelA cittane priya-apriya evo bheda sparzato nathI.anukULa ane pratikULa baMne paristhitimAM te samatA dharAve che. 21 A cAra bhAvanAo sarva jIvo pratye kevo vyavahAra karavo joIe te batAve che. teo eka tarapha vyaktine AdhyAtmika AnaMda Ape che to bIjI tarapha sAmAjika hitasukha paNa sAdhI Ape che. teo vyaktinA kalyANanI sAthe sAthe samAjanA kalyANanI paNa poSaka che. cAra bhAvanAothI cittanA maLo dUra thatAM citta zAnta ane sthira bane che. A cittanI zAnti ane sthiratAne ja samAdhi kahevAmAM Ave che. zAnta ane sthira cittamAM ja vastuonuM yathArtha jJAna (prajJA) pragaTe che. maitrI Adi bhAvanAo ahiMsAmAMthI ja udbhavatI hoI, bauddha nItidharmamAM ahiMsAnuM ghaNuM mahattvanuM sthAna che. kharI rIte jotAM corI na karavI, vyabhicAra na karavo, asatya na bolavuM ane mAdaka padArthonuM sevana na karavuM e cAra zIlo ahiMsAnAM poSaka hovAne lIdhe ja mahattvanAM bane che. Ama, bauddha dRSTie pAMca zIlomAM ahiMsA ja mukhya zIla che. bAkInAM zIlo ahiMsAnI zuddhi ane vRddhi karanArAM hoI, buddha temanA AcaraNano Agraha sevyo che. A pAMca zIlo uparAMta dAna Adi sukAryono upadeza paNa buddhe Apyo che ane gRhasthonAM ane gRhiNInAM kartavyo vize paNa atyaMta preraka vAto kahI che : eka samaye sigAla nAmanA yuvAna gRhasthane buddhe kahyuM, "he sigAla! mAbApanI pAMca rIte pUjA karavI joIe. temanuM kAma karavuM joIe, temanuM poSaNa karavuM joIe, kULamAM paraMparAthI cAlyA AvelAM satkarmo karavAnuM cAlu rAkhavuM joIe. temanI saMpattine yogya rIte sAcavavI-vadhAravI joIe, temane nAme dAnadharma karavAM joIe. he sigAla ! gurunI paNa pAMca rIte pUjA karavI joIe. guru pAse Ave to UbhA thaI Adara Apavo joIe, te mAMdA thAya to temanI sevA karavI joIe, te je zIkhave te zraddhApUrvaka grahaNa karavuM joIe temanuM je kAma hovuM te karI ApavuM joIe, te je vidyA Ape tene barAbara grahaNa karavI-dhAraNa karavI joIe." eka vAra buddhe vizAkhAne strInAM sAdhAraNa kartavyo vize je upadeza Apelo te A pramANe che : "strIe AdarapUrvaka gharanA vaDIlonI sevA karavI joIe, temane mIThAM vacano kahevAM joIe, temanA UThyA pahelAM UThavuM joIe ane temanA sUtA

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bauddha dharma 115 pachI suvuM joIe. teNe gharanAM vaDIlo uparAMta, pati jemane Adara Apato hoya te sAdhujanono ucita Adara karavo joIe. gharamAM rAkhavAmAM AvelAM kapAsa, Una vagereno yathocita upayoga karavAmAM teNe nipuNa banavuM joIe. gharanA sevako ane majUrone je kAma soMpavAmAM AvyuM hoya tene teo sArI rIte kare che ke nahi teNe nirIkSaNa karavuM joIe ane temanAM bhojananuM paNa ucita dhyAna rAkhavuM joIe. pati gharamAM je anna yA dhana lAve tene saMbhALIne teNe rAkhavuM joIe. temAMthI potAne mATe teNe chUpo kharca na karavo joIe. teNe buddha, dharma ane saMghane zaraNe jaI upAsikA banavuM joIe. teNe paMcazIlanuM pAlana karavuM joIe ane kaMjUsAI choDI chUTe hAthe dAna karavuM joIe.22 eka vAra buddha rAjA prasenajitane mitAhAranA lAbho jaNAvatAM kahyuM, "je manuSya mittAhArI che ane vadhu paDatuM khAto nathI tene rogo thatA nathI. vaheluM ghaDapaNa AvatuM nathI ane pUrNa AyuSya bhogave che."23 bIjA koI vakhate buddhe prasenajitane kahyuM, "kaMjUra mANasanA dhananI bUrI dazA thAya che. te pote bhogavI zakato nathI ke potAnAM sagAvhAlAne bhogavavA deto nathI. te dAna karI zakato nathI. tenA bhegA karelA paisAne chevaTe rAja harI le che, ke cora lUMTI jAya che, ke virodhI paDAvI le che, ke Aga vagerethI nAza pAme che. paraMtu je potAnA dhanano sadupayoga kare che, potAnA saMbaMdhIone dhananI madada kare che, supAtrane dAna Ape che, lokakalyANanA kAmomAM kharce che, tenA dhananI AvI dazA thatI natI. kaMjUsanI apakIrti thAya che. udArano yaza gavAya che."24 eka vAra buddha rAhulane kahyuM, "he rAhula! je khoTuM bolatAM lAjato nathI, tene koI paNa kharAba kRtya karavAmAM zarama nahi Ave mATe te rAhula ! gammatamAM paNa huM khoTuM bolIza nahi evo tuM nizciya kara."25 bIjAM bhale kukarmo kare paraMtu pote to satkarmo ja karavAM joIe e vAta upara bhAra mUkatAM bhagavAne kahyuM, "bIjA hiMsA vagere kukarmo kare to paNa ame kukarmo nahi karIe, bIjA aprAmANikapaNe AjIvikA raLe to paNa ame to prAmANika rIte ja AjIvikA raLIzuM, bIjA pramAda kare to paNa ame to apramAdI rahIzuM, bIjA cittane vikSipta thavA de topaNa ame to cittane vikSipta na thavA detAM zAMta rahIzuM, bIjA krodha kare to paNa ame krodha nahi karIe, bIjA vera leze topaNa ame vera nahi laIe, bIjA anAdara karaze topaNa ame to Adara ja karIzuM, bIjA IrSyA karaze to paNa ame IrSyA nahi karIe, bIjA Thagaze topaNa ame nahi ThagIe, bIjA kaThora banaze topaNa ame kaThora nahi banIe - Ama karIne ja cittamaLo dUra karI zakAya che ane eka vAra buddha gRhasthone kahyuM, "he gRhastho ! durAcArI manuSyane pAMca-cha

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116 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo rIte nukazAna thAya che. durAcaraNathI tenI saMpatti nAza pAme che, tenI lokomAM apakIrti thAya che, koI paNa sabhAmAM teno prabhAva paDato nathI, tenA vacanamAMthI sAmarthya cAlyuM jAya che, maraNakALe tenuM citta zAMti anubhavatuM nathI, ane maraNa pachI tenI durgati thAya che. paraMtu he gRhastho ! je sadAcArI che tene pAMca-cha rIte lAbha thAya che. sadAcArathI saMpatti vadhe che, lokomAM teno yaza phelAya che. koI paNa sabhAmAM teno prabhAva paDe che, tenI vANImAM baLa Ave che, maraNakALe tenuM citta zAnti anubhave che ane maraNa pachI tenI sugati thAya che."27 eka vAra buddhe kahyuM, "koI mANasa kaLaNamAM khUMtI gayo hoya to te bIjA mANasane kaLaNamAMthI bahAra kADhI zake nahi paraMtu jo te pote kaLaNamAM khUtelo na hoya to ja te bIjAne kaLaNamAMthI bahAra kADhI zake che. tevI ja rIte, je mANasa pote asaMyamI hoya, avinayI hoya ane azAnta hoya te bIjAne saMyamI banAve, vinayI banAve ane zAMta kare e asaMbhavita che. je pote saMyamI, vinayI ane zAnta hoya te ja bIjAne tevA banAvI zake."28 6. bhaktiH buddha pratye temanA pratyakSa ziSyo ane upAsakone AdarabhAva hato. A AdarabhAva aMdhazraddhArUpa na hato paraMtu buddhiprerita hato. svayaM buddhe potAnI parIkSA karavA kahyuM hatuM. temaNe kAlAmone Apelo upadeza to ApaNe jANIe chIe, Ama, temanA pratyenI bhakti svaprayatnathI doSarahita banelA mahAmAnava pratyenI hatI, koI alaukika vyakti pratyenI na hatI. vaLI, buddhane zaraNe javAnI vAtamAM buddha pratyenI zraddhAbhaktinuM eka vimala rUpa jovA maLe che. buddhane zaraNe javAno artha dharmane zaraNe javAno ja thato hato. buddhane zaraNe janArane e bhAna hatuM ke buddha nirvANano mArga dekhADavA sivAya bIjo koI anugraha karavAnA nathI chevaTe dharmano sAkSAtkAra dareka pote karavAno che. Ama, buddhanuM zaraNa e anugraha karanAra IzvaranuM zaraNa na hatuM. buddhAnusmRti (= buddhanuM dhyAna) paNa sAdhanAnuM aMga hatI. tene paNa eka rIte buddhabhaktinA AvirbhAvanuM ekarUpa gaNI zakAya. anugrahanI buddhithI nahi paraMtu buddhanA dhyAna dvArA citta zuddha banaze evI buddhithI ja sAdhaka buddhAnusmRti karato. darekane potAnAM karma bhogavavA paDe che, emAM buddha kaMI hastakSepa karatA nathI e mAnyatA vyApaka hatI. buddha dharmane ja gurU gaNavAnI salAha ApI hatI. buddha dharmane ja prAdhAnya ApanAra hatA. vyaktine nahi. AthI vyaktipUjA ke vyaktibhaktine temaNe khAsa avakAza Apyo na hato. buddha potAnI kAyAne gaMdI samajatA hatA, eTale teo kadI na Icche ke potAnI kAyAnI mUrtio thAya ane tenI pUjA thAya. buddhe potAnA zarIranI rAkha ane asthi upara stUpo banAvavAnuM ane potAnA janmasthAna vagere sthAnonI yAtrA karavAnuM kahyuM hoya tema lAgatuM nathI. paraMtu parinirvANasuttamAM temaNe Ama kahyuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. sAcI vAta to e lAge che ke sAmAnya bhAvuka mANasane kaMIka

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bauddha dharma 117 sthULa AlaMbana joIe ja che eTale svayaMbhU rIte ja buddhanA nirvANa pachI sUparacanA ane tIrthayAtrAnI pravRtti udbhavatI haze. Ama bhaktinI sAmagrImAM mahattvano umero thayo. vaLI, vakhata jatAM buddhanA jIvanacaritamAM camatkAranI aneka vAto joDAI ane buddhanA pUrvajanmonI kathAo (jAtakakathAo) lakhAI. temaNe buddhibhaktimAM umero karyo. jAtakonI kathAo zilpamAM kaMDAravAnuM zarU thayuM. paraMtu buddhanI mUrti banI nahi. buddhanI mUrtinI nahi paraMtu amuka pratIko-dharmacakra, bodhivRkSa, sUpa, uSNISa, bhikSApAtra vagerenI pUjA astitvamAM AvI. 29 Ama, buddhazaraNa, buddhAnusmRti, tIrthayAtrA, sUpanirmANa, camatkAro, pratIkapUjA ane jAtakoe prAcIna bauddha dharmamAM eka prakAranI bhaktine AkAra Apyo. A badhuM chatAM buddha eka mAnava hatA e vAta bhUlavAmAM na AvI. buddha koI alaukika vyakti na hatA. paraMtu vakhata jatAM eka mahAna parivartana thayuM. buddhane mAnava miTAvI alaukika banAvI devAyA. temano janma vagara badhuM alaukika gaNAvA lAgyuM. temanI mAtA kuMvArI manAI. temanuM zarIra roga vagere doSothI mukta manAyuM.evuM paNa manAyuM ke buddhe janma ladho ja nathI, te to sadAkALa divyalokamAM ja che. temaNe kevaLa potAnI mAyika pratikRti ja A jagatamAM mokalI hatI ane A mAyika pratikRtie ja upadeza Apyo hato. kharA buddha kadI nirvANa pAmatA ja nathI paraMtu sadAya vividha upAyo yojI lokonA uddhAra kare che. bhaktine mATe atyaMta Avazyaka vastu alaukika ISTadeva che. buddha alaukika banI gayA hatA. vaLI, buddhanA dehane nirdoSa mAnatAM buddhanI mUrtinA aviSkArano mArga mokaLo banyo ane vakhata jatAM buddhamUrti banI. buddhane alaukika mAnatAM ja buddhakRpAnI mAnyatA dAkhala thaI. buddhanI karuNA have karmasiddhAMtane paNa gaNakAratI nathI. have buddhano kevaLa jApa karanArane yA buddhanuM smaraNa karanArane buddha pote tAre che. buddha tAraNahAra banI gayA. dharmamArga cIMdhavAmAM ja karuNAnuM paryavasAna nathI. karuNAnuM kAma to duHkhIonAM duHkho dUra karavAnuM ane pApIonAM pApo haravAnuM che. buddha trAtAnI jema kahe che, "huM jagatano pitA chuM, mArA dvArA ja badhuM pravRtta thayuM che, mArAmAM mana lagAvo, mAre zaraNe Avo, mAruM nAma japo, mane praNAma karo, huM tamane mukti daIza." buddhe potAnA bhakto ane zaraNAgatonA yogakSemano bhAra laI lIdho. potAnI meLe svaprayatnathI vimukti prApta karavAno je dharma hato te have rahyo nahi "buddhanI karuNAnI prArthanA jeTalI vadhAre thAya teTalI karavI joIe. ApaNe emanI sahAyathI, emanI zaktithI ja lakSyane prApta karI zakIe chIe. ApaNI potAnI zaktithI ApaNe lakSyane prApta karavA asamartha chIe - ApaNe bhalene game teTalA prayatna karIe' - Avo upadeza thavA lAgyo. Ama have bhaktibhAvanAmAM mAnavIya puruSArtha upara bhAgavatI kRpAnI, buddhanI karuNAnI sthApanA thaI. sAmAnya janone kaThora sAdhanAno mArga AkarSaka nathI lAgato. temane to AtmasamarpaNa karI

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118 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo yA koIkane zaraNe jaI duHkhamukta thavAnuM vadhu phAve che. temane kevaLa mArga dekhADanAra joIto nathI paraMtu teDIne dhyeya pahoMcADanAra joIe che. - jema vAdaLagheryA AkAzamAM rAtrie kSaNamAtra mATe vidyutaprakAzathI vastunuM jJAna thAya che, tema A aMdhakAramaya jagatamAM buddhakRpAthI ja kSaNamAtra mATe mAnavacitta zubha karmomAM pravRtta thAya che. A zubha citta ja bodhicitta kahevAya che. potAnA tejathI te ghoratama pApano nAza kare che. enA dvArA bhavasAgara tarI zakAya che. bodhicittanI utpatti mATe aSTAMga anuttara pUjA karavI joIe. A pUjAnAM ATha aMgo che - vaMdanA, pUjanA, zaraNagamana, pApadezanA, puNyAnumodana, buddhALeSaNA, yAcanA ane bodhipariNAmanA. A ATha aMgomAM bauddha bhaktinI vizada abhivyaktinAM darzana thAya che. 1-2. vaMdanA-pUjanAH bodhicittanI utpatti mATe buddha, dharma ane bodhisattvanI vaMdanA temaja pUjA Avazyaka che. A manomaya pUjA che. manomaya pUjA zA mATe e samajAvavA kahyuM che : "meM puNya karyuM nathI, huM mahA daridra chuM. eTale mArI pAse pUjAnI sAmagrI nathI. bhagavAna mahAkANika che. huM pote garIba hovAne kAraNe jagatamAM jeTalAM puSpa, phaLa vagere che e badhAMne buddha bodhisattvane manathI arpaNa karU chuM." ene parama dakSiNA kahevAmAM Ave che. paraMtu bIjI ja kSaNe bhaktane bhAna thAya che ke A badhuM mAruM nathI, huM to daridra chuM. joke pote daridra che chatAM potAnI jAta enI saMpatti che, enA upara enuM svAmitva che, eTale buddhane caraNe te potAnI jAta arpe che ane bhaktibhAvathI prerAIne te buddhanuM dAsatva svIkAre che. bhagavAna buddha jevA potAnA nAtha che e bhAva jAgatAM e nirbhaya banI jAya che. e pratijJA kare che ke huM prANImAtranuM kalyANa karIza, pahelAM karelAM pApomAMthI pAcho haThIza ane pharI pApa nahi karuM. manomaya pUjA pachI bhakta buddha, dharma, bodhisattva caitya vagerenI vizeSa pUjA kare che. manorama snAnagRhamAM ratnamaya kuMbhothI sugaMdhita jaLa vaDe, gItavAdya sAthe buddha tathA bodhisattvane te snAna karAve che. snAna karAvyA pachI nirmaLa vastra vaDe zarIra luche che, pachI surakta ane suvAsita uttama cIvaranuM pradAna kare che, divya alaMkAro paherAve che, sugaMdhita dravyothI vilepana kare che, mALAo paherAve che ane dhUpa-dIpanaiivedya arpaNa kare che. 3. zaraNagamana pachI bhakta buddha dharma ane bodhisattvane zaraNe jAya che. tamAre zaraNe Avyo chuM." e prakAranI anubhUti tene pratyeka kSaNe hoya che. 5. pApadezanAH zaraNagamana pachI bhakta potAnAM saghaLAM pApakarmonI kabUlAta kare che. pApavimuktine mATe enI vyAkuLatA utkaTa bane che. mArA jevo "kuTila, khala, kAmI" bIjo koI nathI evI bhAvanA enAmAM jAge che. pahelAM karelAM pApane dhovA te prAyazcita kare che ane bhaviSyamAM pApa na karavAno daDha saMkalpa kare che ane potAno saMkalpa saphaLa bane te mATe buddha-bodhisattvanI sahAya Icche che.

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bauddha dharma 119 pa. puNyAnumodanA : pApadezanA pachI sAdhaka bIjA jIvonAM zubha karmo yAda karIne yA dekhIne prasannatA anubhave che, temanuM anumodana kare che, temanI prazaMsA kare che. badhA jIvo badhAM ja duHkhothI sarvathA chUTakAro pAme e bhAvanAnuM paNa te anumodana kare che. 6. buddhAgyeSaNA : puNyAnumodana pachI sAdhaka hAtha joDI buddhane prArthanA kare che ke ajJAnAndhakArathI AvRtta jIvonA uddhAra mATe bhagavAna temanA pUrNa jJAnathI mArgane prakAzita kare. 7. buddhayAcanA pachI te buddha pAse yAcanA kare che ke teo nirvANamAM praveza na kare, kAraNa ke jo teo nirvANamAM praveza karaze to jIvone duHkha muktinA mArganuM jJAna koNa Apaze ? 8. bodhipariNAmanA : chevaTe bhakta prArthanA kare che ke A anuttara pUjA karavAthI je pUNya huM kamAyo houM enA dvArA huM samasta prANIonAM sarva duHkhonuM prazamana karavA samartha thAuM ane emane samyapha jJAnanI prApti karAvuM. AthI prArthanA ja bodhipariNAmanA che. A vakhate bhaktanuM citta du:khIonAM du:kho dUra karavAnI utkaTa bhAvanAthI vyApta bane che. te duHkhIo sAthe ekAtmabhAva anubhave che. pariNAme bhaktano ahaMbhAva gaLI jAya che, svaduHkha-paraduHkhano bheda raheto nathI, duHkhamAtrane dUra karavAnI utkaTatA vadhe che, svaduHkhamukti tene khapatI nathI, tene to badhAM prANIo ahata ane bodhisattvaH pUrNa jJAnanI (bodhinI) prApti karyA pachI zarIra paDe nahi tyAM sudhI lokone duHkhamuktinA mArgano ja upadeza Ape te buddha, pUrNa jJAnanI prApta thayA pachI upadeza karyA vinA je nirvANa pAme te ahata. buddha lokalyANArthe upadeza Ape che, paraMtu te zarIra paDe nahi tyAM sudhI ja ahaMta lokakalyANArthe upadeza ApatA nathI, potAnI mukti ja temanuM aMtima dhyeya che. prAcIna bauddha dharmamAM bodhiprApti pahelAMnI buddhanI avasthA bodhisattvAvasthA gaNAtI, paraMtu uttarakALe bodhiprApti pachI tenA phaLarUpa potAne maLelA nirvANano svIkAra karyA vinA jIvonA kalyANArthe saMsAramAM rahevAnuM ja pasaMda kare che te bodhisattva che. A kAraNe bodhisattvanI pratiSThA buddha karatAM vizeSa thaI ane lokonI bhaktino viSaya paNa moTe bhAge bodhisattva ja banI gayA. buddha to bodhinA phaLa nirvANano svIkAra kare che jyAre bodhisattva teno svIkAra na karatAM saMsAramAM ja, lokonA kalyANa mATe, rahevAnuM svIkAre che. bodhisattvanI lokakalyANamayI bhAvanA utkRSTa che. "mAruM evuM koI puNya na ho je bIjAM prANIone upakAraka na bane' - AvI tenI bhAvanA hoya che. potAnA samagra astitvane parArtha sAdhavAmAM ja te lagAvI de che. jyAM sudhI vizvanAM badhAM prANIo duHkhamukti prApta na kare tyAM sudhI mAre mukti na joIe evI tenI pratijJA

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12) jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo hoya che. prANIonI vimukti vakhate AnaMdano je sAgara UmaTe che te ja paryApta che, rasahIna vyaktigata muktine laI zuM karuM?" sevA dvArA bIjAonA duHkha dUra karavAno AnaMda nirvANanA AnaMdathI vadhu zreSTha che. bodhisattvo dalita, pIDita, vipattigrasta bhayAkula ane zokasaMtapta janatAno uddhAra karavA kRtanizcayI pUrNapuruSo che. bhAratIya dharmasAdhanAmAM sauprathama bauddha dharme ja tathAgatanI ArAdhanA ane lokasevA eka ja che ema kahI bhaktine lokasevA sAthe ekarAra kara dIdhI che. bhikSudharma sAthe sevAkAryane joDIne bauddha dharma krAMtikArI vicAra-AcArane janma Apyo che. bauddha bhikSuo niSkriya jIvana na vitAvatAM loka sevAnAM kAryomAM bhAga laI duHkhI janatAnAM kaSTone dUra karavAmAM potAnI pravajyAnA niyamonI hAni samajatA nathI enA mULamAM bodhisattvano Adarza che. 7. vairAgyabhAvanAH ApaNe joI gayAM ke tRSNA ja sarva duHkhanuM mULa che. tRSNA e ja Asakti yA rAga che rAgamAMthI mukti e ja vairAgya. ApaNane suMdara rUpa jovuM game che, kharAba rUpa jovuM gamatuM nathI. ApaNane miSTAna khAvuM game che, kaDavI davA pIvI gamatI nathI. gamatI vastu pratye rAga baMdhAya che. rAgane kAraNe gamatI vastu meLavavA ApaNe na karavAnuM karIe chIe."Apattio vahorIe chIe, vivekabuddhi gumAvIe chIe ane halakA paDIe chIe. AthI gamatI vastuo pratyeno rAga choDavo joIe. te rAga chUTe eTalA mATe te vastuonA doSo vicAravA joIe. te A pramANe - "gamatuM rUpa, gamatA zabdo, gamatI sugaMdha, gamato rasa ane gamato sparza pAmavA mANasa dhana kamAvA pAchaLa paDe che, dhana meLavavA aneka kaSTo veThe che, apamAno sahana kare che ane pAra vinAnI khaTapaTa kare che. Ama chatAM paNa jo dhana yA managamatI vastuo na maLe to te zoka pAme che, ciMtAthI mUDha bane che. ane jo dhana yA managamatI vastuo maLI jAya che to temane koI paDAvI na jAya, temano viyoga na thAya ene mATe te ciMtA karyA kare che. vaLI, managamatI vastuo meLavavA corI, lUMTa, chetarapiMDI vagere karavAmAM paNa te pAcho paDato nathI. pariNAme tene rAjyanI zikSAno bhoga banavuM paDe che temaja lokomAM tenI pratiSThA rahetI nathI. uparAMta, jagatanI cIjo nAzavaMta che. eTale gamatI vastuo nAza pAmatA citta khinna banI jAya che. rAgI manuSyane cittanI zAnti rahetI nathI. tenuM jIvana jhAMjhavAnAM jaLanI pAchaLa doDatA mRgalAnA jIvana jevuM vyartha jAya che. manuSyane sauthI vadhu rAga potAnA zarIra pratye hoya che. te rAgane dUra karavAnA upAya tarIke bauddha dharma kAyamatAnusmRti gaNAvI che. kAyA kevA kevA gaMdA padArthothI bharapUra che temaja tenI kevI kevI durdazAo thAya che tenuM satata ciMtana e ja kAyagatAnusmRti che. manuSya vicAre che ke rogo zarIrane parezAna kare che, ghaDapaNa tene khokhaluM kare che ane mRtyu teno nAza kare che. A prakAre zarIranA doSo ciMtavavAthI potAnA temaja pArakAnA

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bauddha dharma 121 zarIra pratyenA rAga dUra thAya che, atyaMta suMdara rUpa paNa ApaNane moha pamADI zakatuM nathI ane pariNAme citta kAmavikArothI alipta rahe che. vairAgyanuM pariNAma che tyAga. jema jema vairAgya vadhe tema tema tyAga vadhe. upAsakamAM amuka hada sudhI ja vairAgya saMbhave che ane tethI paNa gharabAra, jAti, saMbaMdho, bhoganI cIjo vagereno tyAga nathI karyo hato. paraMtu te dAna kare che, kuTila rIte dhanasaMpatti meLavato nathI, sadAcAra mATe jarUrI tyAga te kare che. AThama, caudaza ane pUnamanA divase te gRhatyAgI bhikSu jevuM jIvana jIve che. Ane uposatha kahe che. bhikSumAM ja saMpUrNa vairAgya saMbhave che. te gharabAra, jAti, saMbaMdho, bhoganI cIjo vagereno tyAga kare che. saMpUrNa vairAgI saMpUrNa tyAgI che ane je kharekhara Avo che te haMmezAM-anukULa ane pratikULa paristhitiomAM prasannacitta rahe che tene koI prati rAga nathI, tethI ja tene koI prati dveSa nathI. te to saunuM kalyANa vAMche che, bhikSu banyA vinA saMpUrNa vairAgya, saMpUrNa tyAga zakya na hoI bhagavAna buddha atyanta du:khamuktinI pUrNa sAdhanA mATe pravajyA laI bhikSu banavuM jarUrI mAnyuM che. 8. upasaMhAra : bauddha dharmamAM evAM viziSTa lakSaNo che jene pariNAme te aneka dezanA ane aneka kALanA lokone AkarSI zakyo che. prathama to buddha buddhinI pratiSThA karI. temaNe koI vyaktine zaraNe nahi paNa yuktine (tarkane) zaraNe, dharmane zaraNe ane potAnI jAtane zaraNe javAnuM lokone kahyuM, temaNe dharma ane gurUnI barAbara parIkSA karavAno lokone upadeza Apyo. Ane kAraNe buddhipradhAna ane "nAstika lokone paNa bauddhadharmamAM AzvAsana ane zAnti maLe che. bIjuM, bauddha dharme manuSya manuSyanA bheda bhUMsI nAkhyA che ane manuSyamAtranI samAnatA prasthApita karI che. teNe strI-puruSanI samAnatAno udghoSa karyo che. strIone paNa saMpUrNa AdhyAtmika sAdhanAno adhikAra bakSI saMghapraveza karAvyo che. trIjuM, buddha zIla ane sadAcAra upara khUba ja bhAra mUkyo che. pariNAme, temanA upadezamAM vyApakatA ane sarvagrAhyatA che. temane mana duHkhamukti mATe je jarUrI nA hoya temAM paDavuM vyartha che. sadAcAra du:khamuktino upAya che. paraMtu vAdavivAda duHkhamuktino upAya nathI, tethI temaNe vivAdomAM paDavA karatAM mauna rahevuM ja pasaMda karyuM hatuM. cothuM bauddha dharmanI ziramorasamI vizeSatA teno madhyama mArga che. te AtyaMtika dehadamana ane bhogavilAsa baMnene choDI vacalo mArga kADhe che. nathI zarIrane kaSTa ApavAthI citta zAnta thatuM ke nathI bhogavilAsamAM racyApacyA rahevAthI citta zAnta thatuM. paraMtu zarIramAM moha rAkhyA vinA tene jarUrI poSaNa ApI cittane zAnta karavA dhyAnamArganI sAdhanA karavAthI ja citta zAnta thAya che. dhyAnamArga yA samAdhimArga cittazAntino upAya che. dhyAnamArganI pUrvazarata sadAcAra, zIla che je zIlasaMpanna che te ja dhyAnamArgano adhikArI che. tethI ja zIla pachI caDhatA kramamAM samAdhine gaNAvavAmAM AvI che.

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122 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo vartamAna yugamAM mANasa mAnasika tANa ane cittanI azAMti anubhavI rahyo hoI yoga ane samAdhi tarapha te AkarSAyo che. samAdhimArganuM kheDANa bauddha dharmamAM vizALa bauddha dharmamAM maitrI ane karuNAnI jevI vyApakatA jovA maLe che tevI bIje bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. AthI dabAyelI, kacaDAyelI, pIDita janatAne bauddha dharmamAM potAnA uddhArakanAM darzana thAya che. Ama, buddhivAda, samAnatA, vicArasvAtaMtrya, sadAcAranI mahattA, samAdhinI pratiSThA, maitrI-karuNAnI vyApakatA A badhAM lakSaNo bauddha dharmanI vizeSatAnAM sUcaka che.

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bauddha dharma 123 saMdarbhasUci 1. mahAsaccakasutta, ma.ni. 2. tikanipAta, aM. ni. ariyapariyesanasutta, ma. ni. mahAsaccakasutta, ma. ni. 5. dhammacakkakhattanasutta, saM.ni. vAseTThasutta, ma.ni. cUlamAluMkyaputtasutta, ma. ni. cUlavihUyasutta, su.ni. vatthUpamasutta, ma.ni. 10. AcArya narendra deva bauddha-dharma-darzana, pR.18 11. dhammacakkakhattanasutta, saM.ni. 12. mAMgadiyasutta, ma.ni. 13. bahudhAtukasuttanta, ma.ni.. 14. nidAnasaMyutta, saM.ni. 15. Nagin J. Shah, Akalanka's Critiasm of Dharma -Kirti's Philosopy, P-3 16. sabbAsavasutta, ma. ni. 17. pramANavArtika, 1. 210 18. pAthikasutta, dI. ni. 18. cUlakamma bibhaMgasutta, ma. ni. 20. AcArya narendradeva, bauddha-dharma-darzana, pR.278-308 21. catukkanipAta, dasakanipAta, meMtasutta 22. catukkanipAta, aM.ni. 23. kosalasaMyutta, saM.ni.

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124 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 24. kosalasaMyutta, saMyuttanikAya, saM. ni. 25. aMbalaTThikarAhulovavAdasutta, ma. ni. 26. sallekhasutta, ma. ni. 27. mahAparinibbAnasutta, dI. ni. 28. sallekhasutta, ma. ni. 28. govindacandra pANDeya, bauddha dharma ke vikAsakA itihAsa, pR.316-318 30. AcArya narendradeva, bauddha-dharma-darzana, pR.178-218 31. bharatasiMha upAdhyAya, bauddha dharma tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, bhAga-1 pR.611-618 u2. visuddhimagga, pariccheda, 7-8

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prakaraNa-8 zIkha dharma - upendrarAya sAMDesarA 1. uddhava ane vikAsa ? bhAratamAM, khAsa karIne paMjAbamAM muslima amalano dora barAbara jAmI gayo hato. jemanAmAM dhArmikatAno rajamAtra aMza nahoto evA krUra zAsako prajA upara trAsa ane damanano koraDo vIMjhatA hatA. prajAhRdaya bhayabhIta banyuM hatuM. pariNAme enI AtmazraddhA kSINa banI hatI. saMgaThana ane saMrakSaNanI zakti hataprAya banI hatI. hindu hovuM eno artha rAjakIya gulAmI vahorI levI evo thato hato. utsavo ane varaghoDA upara pratibaMdha hato. navAM maMdira baMdhAvavA para ke jUnAM samarAvavA para pratibaMdha hato. Aje je audArya svAbhAvika lAge che te sarvadharmasamanvayanI ke sarvadharmasamabhAvanI vAta karavI e ziracchedanI sajAne pAtra guno hato. pariNAme saMkhyAbaMdha hinduone pharajiyAta dharmaparivartana karavuM paDatuM hatuM. thoDIghaNI vidyA brAhmaNomAM TakI rahI hatI. bIjA vargo to ajJAna, vahema ane dAridramAM sabaDatA hatA. strIono darajjo ekadama nIco paDI gayo hato. moTA bhAganI prajA hatAza ane niSkriya hatI. bhakti ane zraddhAne nAme nAmardAI prasaratA hatAM. kaThora karaverA ane krUra vartAvanA kAraNe sAmAnya hindunuM jIvana asahya hatuM. muslimonuM jIvana paNa hinduo karatAM jarAka sAruM, paNa ekaMdare ghaNuM duHkhI hatuM. zAsako lAMciyA ane dhArmikatAvihoNA hatA. muslima strIonI hAlata bUrI hatI. keTalAMka musalamAna kuTuMbomAM satI thavAnI prathA hatI. nAnI bALakIonI hatyA karavAno kurivAja paNa hato. musalamAna zAsako ApasaApasamAM laDatA hatA.' guru nAnake e jamAnAnuM varNana karyuM che : "kaliyuga charA jevo che, rAjAo kasAI jevA che ane dharma to pAMkha karIne UDI gayo che! jUTharUpI amAsa chavAI che ane satyarUpI caMdra to dekhAto ja nathI, khabara nahi kyAM Ugyo haze!... AvA aMdhakArayugamAM zIkha dharmanA sthApaka guru nAnakadevano janma thayo hato. guru nAnake samabhAvathI hindu-muslima samagra prajAne sanmArge dorI. emaNe prema ane nirbhayatAthI upadezya ke paramAtmAnI dRSTimAM manuSyamAtra samAna che. paramAtmA sauno sarjanahAra

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126 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo che, eTale saue bhAIcArAthI rahevuM joIe. Ane lIdhe, "guru nAnaka zAha phakIra, hindukA guru musalamAnakA pIra'nI sAthosAtha kahevata cAlI ke "bAbA nAnaka sabakA sAMjhA-bAbA nAnaka saunA sakhA." guru nAnakano samanvayakArI ane sarvamitra thavAnuM prabodhato sadupadeza emanI pachInA guruoe prajAmAM phelAvyo. pAMcamA guru arjunadevanI zahIdI pachI e hutAtmAono nirbhaya-nirvera paMtha banyo ane dasamA guru goviMdasiMhe sthApelA dharmasaMsthApaka duSTadamana khAlasA paMthamAM enA vikAsanI parAkASThA AvI. Ane kAraNe zIkhono eka susaMgaThita samAja banyo. e samAjanA hRdayamAM evo aTala vizvAsa janmyo ke emanA sArvajanika saMmelanamAM-saMgatamAM, paramAtmA sadA upasthita raheze ane jyAM jyAM pAMca zIkha paNa ekaThA thayA haze tyAM guru haze ja. A daDha zraddhA zIkha dharmano prANa banI rahI. "siphakha' zabda saMskRta "ziSya' uparathI utarI Avela che, paNa keTalAka vidvAno pAli "sikha' - pasaMda karelA uparathI UtarI Avelo mAne che. arthAta e rIte jotAM siphakha' eTale Izvare pasaMda karelo, cUMTelo, eTale ke bhagavAnano potAno, nirmaLa. guru goviMdasiMhe Apela "khAlasA' nAmAbhidhAnano artha paNa lagabhaga evo ja che. khAlasA zabda mULa phArasI zabda "khalIsaha-pAdazAhanI potAnI mAlikInuM uparathI banelo che. 2. dharmasaMsthApakono paricaya : 1. guru nAnakadeva (1969-1539)H talavaMDI gAmamAM (hAla pAkistAnamAM lAhora pAsenA nAnakaDAnA sAhebamAM) emano janma thayo hato. pitA kAlurAma, sajjana ane bhakta hRdayanA muslima jAgIradAra rAya bulAranA sAdhAraNa talATI. paNa e sAdhAraNa pitAnA asAdhAraNa putranuM nAma to samagra bhAratamAM ane bhArata bahAra arabastAna, IrAka, aphaghAnistAna, laMkA, barmA ane tibeTamAM nAnakaDAnA jIvanakALa daramiyAna ja jANItuM thaI gayuM hatuM. guru nAnaka bacapaNathI ja buddhizALI, dayALu, bhakta ane dAnI. emane kevaLa roTI kamAvI ApanArI vidyAmAM rasa nahoto. emane to je vidyArthI khuda tare ane bIjAone paNa tArI zake evI vidyA joItI hatI. eTale pitAe temane pAMca varSanI vaye nizALe mUkyA, paraMtu tyAM thoDuM saMskRta ane thoDuM phArasI zIkhIne emaNe abhyAsa mUkI dIdho, pitAe temane khetI ane vepAramAM lagADavA prayatna karyo. paNa sarva prayatna niSphaLa gayA. teo pitAnI sarva AjJAonuM pAlana karatA paNa emanuM hRdaya to prabhumAM ja rahetuM. eka vakhata nAnaka nityaniyama pramANe nadIe snAna karavA gayA. snAna karatAM emane divya anubhUti thaI. prabhuno sAkSAtkAra thayo. traNa divasa sudhI dhyAnamAM

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zIkha dharma 1 27 masta rahI bhakti ane jJAnathI pUrNa evA nAnaka pAchA AvyA tyAre emanA mukha upara AtmAnubhUtinI divya AbhA hatI. cittamAM prabhunuM nAma-smaraNa karavAno ane bIjAono karAvavAno Adeza hato. janatAe emanAmAM bhavarogamAMthI sAjA karanAra vaidya nihALyA "A AvI gayo rogIono camatkArika vaidya !' kahIne emane satkAryo ane nAnake janatAne zIkha dharmano "mUla maMtra Apyo. nAnaka jaIne kabrastAnamAM beThA. lokone saMbhaLAvyuM : "na koI hindu na koI musalamAna." tyAre kAjhIe pUchyuM : "jo koI hindu ke musalamAna nathI to tuM koNa che ?" huM to manuSya chuM." e pachI sattAvIsa varSanI bharayuvAna vaye prabhunA AdezadhArI nAnaka jagatane nAmasmaraNanuM amRtapAna karAvavA ane, "manuSya zI rIte varte to satyaniSTha thAya, tathA zuM kare to asatyanA paDadAne haTAvI de' e samajAvavA nIkaLI paDyA. emaNe samajAvyuM : "bhagavAnanI AjJAne AdhIna rahIne AcaraNa karavAthI asatyano paDado tUTI jaze. Izvarano hukama to aMtaramAM kotarAyelo che, mATe enI AjJA pramANe cAlo ane enA guNa gAo." emaNe kuTuMbanA bhATa bhAI maradAnAne potAnI sAthe lIdho. maradAnA musalamAna hato ane rabAba (eka viziSTa prakAranI sAraMgI)no asAdhAraNa bajavaiyo hato. gurune game tyAre preraNA thatI ane emanA mukhamAMthI IzvarI vANIno dhodha kAvyarUpe chUTato, tyAre maradAnA ene potAnA asAdhAraNa kauzalathI rabAbanA sUromAM besADato. A nAnake trIsa varSa sudhI paribhramaNa karyuM. pUrvamAM AsAma, dakSiNamAM laMkA, uttaramAM tibeTa, pazcimamAM dvArakA, vAyavyamAM makkA, madInA, bagadAda vagere sthaLoe yAtrApravAsa karyo. lokone vahemomAMthI mukta thaI eka satya akAla puruSa (avinAzI puruSa) paramAtmAnI bhakti ane ArAdhanA karavA preryA. emanA jamAnAmAM bhAgye ja koI mANase lokakalyANArthe ATalo vistRta pravAsa kheDyo haze. pravAsa daramiyAna emaNe hinduone, musalamAnone, jainone, nAmayogIone, zAktone, sUphIone, kAjhIpIrone, nAnA-moTA aneka matapaMthonA anuyAyIone Thaga, lUMTArA, manuSyabhakSaka jaMgalIo suddhAne dharmatattva prabodhyuM. emanA samayamAM bAbare bhArata upara traNa caDhAIo karI, hindumusalamAnanA kazA bheda vagara bhayAnaka katala ane lUMTa-baLAtkAra calAvyAM. lokonI durdazA joI A saMtanuM hRdaya raDI paDyuM. emaNe A roganAM kAraNo batAvyAM : vilAsa, zApa, AzIrvAda ane camatkAranA rUpamAM rahelA "dharma' uparanI muDadAla AsthA ane naitika adhogati. emaNe sAhasa, vairya ane nirbhayatAthI putra jema pitA AgaLa hakapUrvaka prazna kare ema paramAtmAne prazna karyo : "he prabhu ! teM bAbaranA vatana

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1 28 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo khurAsAnane bacAvyuM paNa hindustAnane bhayabhIta karyuM. tame potAnA upara doSa lIdhA vinA mugalone yamadUta banAvIne AkramaNa karAvyuM. ATalI bhayAnaka katala thaI paNa o prabhu ! tane jarAya dayA na AvI!...5 bAbare svayaM nAnakane paNa keda pakaDelA paNa temanA tejathI prabhAvita thaIne temanuM sanmAna karyuM ane pIvA mATe bhAMga ApI ! nAnake eno InkAra karyo. emaNe bAbarane kahyuM : "bhAMgano nazo to savAramAM UtarI jaze. ene badale nAmanI khumArIno nazo caDhAva. e nazo to Utaraze ja nahi." ema satya nAmanI khumArIno upadeza karyo. te chatAM bAbare Agraha karI khAsa potAnA mATe lAvelI samarakaMdanI bhAMgamAMthI thoDI bhAMganuM najarANuM dharyuM; ane kaMI nahi to tatparatAM lUMTa-khUna-baLAtkAra baMdha karyA. katala karatAM bacelA kedIone choDI mUkyA. guru nAnaka makkAthI madInA thaI bagadAda gayelA. tyAMnA sUphI saMta pIra zAha bahalola to emanA bhakta banI rahyA. emanI pAsethI nAma grahaNa karyuM ane guru banAvyA. nAnakanA hindustAna gayA pachI pUrAM 60 varSa emaNe nAmasmaraNamAM gALyAM. nAnake sata-nAma ane sata-karatAra e nAmono pracAra karyo, jenuM pAchaLathI sata zrI akAla'mAM rUpAMtara thayuM. emaNe upadezya : "vAhIguru' (vismayakArI paramAtmA)e nAma kaMI jIbhathI ja raTavAnuM nathI, paNa manuSya enI sarvajJatA ane sarvazaktimattAne lakSamAM rAkhIne ene bhaktipUrvaka hRdayamAM sthApavAnuM che ane akArya karatAM bIvAnuM che." A rIte zIkha dharmanI sthApanAnAM bIja vavAyAM. guru nAnake evAM prANadAyI bIja ropyAM ke jemAM manuSyanuM manuSyatva soLe kaLAe khIlI UThe. e potAno ja mokSa sAdhIne aTake nahi paNa bIjAMonAM aihika ane pAralaukika sukha ane mokSa mATe namratAthI prANa suddhAM samarpita kare. anyAya, kUDa, kapaTa ane asatya sAme nirbhayapaNe jhUjhe. nAnakadeve aMtima divaso rAvI taTe karatArapuramAM vitAvyA. teo sAdA kheDUtanuM jIvana jIvyA ane temaNe zIkhone bhakti, puruSArtha ane sadAcArI gRhastha jIvana jIvavAnA pATha paDhAvyA. potAnI pachI ziSyonI dekhabhALa rAkhavA, emane mArgadarzana ApavA laheNA nAmanA ziSyane enI sevAbhAvanA joIne aMgada' (aMge khuda, 'tuM to mAruM aMga che!) evuM nAma ApIne gurugAdI upara besADyA ane paramAtmAnI jayotimAM bhaLI gayA. gurunA mahAprasthAna pachI kahe che ke emanA dehane agnidAha devA athavA daphanAvavA mATe emanA hindu ane muslima ziSyomAM caDasAcaDasI thaI hatI. A vigata guru nAnakanI prajApriyatAnI nidarzaka che.

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zIkha dharma 129 2. guru aMgada (1504-15para) : emaNe gurumukhI lipi pracalita karI. guru nAnakanuM caritra lakhAvyuM. nAnake zarU karelI "guru kA laMgara"nI prathA (vinA mUlya jamADavAthI prathA) vyavasthita karI. ziSyomAM maradAnI ramatono pracAra karyo. emaNe ziSyone bahAdura thavAnI tAlIma ApI. nAnakanI jema emaNe paNa putrane gAdI nahi ApatAM potAnA vayovRddha ziSya amaradAsane gAdI ApI. 3. guru amaradAsa (1479-1574) : nAnakanA dharmasaMdezane vyavasthita paMthanuM rUpa ApyuM. dharmapracAra mATe emaNe 22 maMjI (gurunuM Asana) sthApI ane guruvANImAM pravINa 146 masaMda (dharma pracAraka) nImyA. emAM paNa strIo paNa hatI. guru kA laMgara'ne khUba vistAryuM. paDadA ane satInI prathAno niSedha karyo. pUrvanA be guruonI, potAnI ane bIjA bhaktakavionI racanAono eka saMgraha taiyAra karyo. A saMgraha pachIthI "guru granthasAheba'nI racanA mATeno pramukha strota banI rahyo. potAnA ziSya ane jamAI guru rAmadAsano gAdI upara abhiSeka karI guru amaradAse mahAprayANa karyuM. 4. guru rAmadAsa (1pa34-1581) : emaNe guru amaradAsanI sUcanA mujaba navuM gAma vasAvyuM-rAmadAsapura. e have amRtasara tarIke jANItuM che. guru sevA ane namratAnI mUrti hatA. guru nAnakanA putra zrIcaMde potAno alaga udAsI saMpradAya sthApelo. nAnake potAne gurugAdI ApelI nahi, tethI manamAM kaMIka rIsa hoIne teo guru aMgada ke guru amaradAsane maLavA gayela nahi paNa have rIsa UtarI haze eTale vayovRddha zrIcaMda guru rAmadAsane maLavA AvyA. gurue emanuM premathI svAgata karI rU. 500 bheTa tarIke ApyA. vAtavAtamAM zrIcaMde gurune vinodamAM pUchyuM: "dADhI zAthI ATalI badhI lAMbI ugADI che ?" jI mahArAja ! ApanAM pavitra caraNakamaLane lUchavA mATe," kahIne gura dADhIthI zrIcaMdanAM caraNa sApha karavA nIcA namyA. zrIcaMde paga pAchA kheMcI lIdhA ane emanI namratA AgaLa zira jhukAvyuM. rAmadAse vizALa hRdayavALA potAnA sauthI nAnA putra arjunadevane gAdI ApI. 5. guru arjunadeva (1563-1606) : guru arjuna prathama paMktinA bhaktakavi, jJAnI ane saMgaThaka hatA. emaNe amRtasaramAM harimaMdira je have duniyAmAM suvarNamaMdira tarIke vikhyAta che te bAMdhyuM. e maMdiranA pAyAnI ITa muslima sUphI saMta sAMI miyAM mIra pAse mukAvI. emanA samayamAM ja zIkha saMpradAya hindu dharma ane muslima dharma uparAMtanA 'trIjA dharma" tarIke bhAratamAM astitvamAM Avyo. emanA jIvananAM yugapravartaka be kArya : 1. zIkhonI gItA athavA bAIbala samA guru graMthasAhebaathavA "AdigraMthanuM saMkalana ane 2. dharmane khAtara zuddha satyAgrahI rIte nirbhaya ane nirverapaNe asahya yAtanAo veThIne bhagavAnamAM citta rAkhIne prANArpaNa karyuM. A bIjA kAryane lIdhe guru arjunadeva "zahIdonA siratAja tarIke oLakhAyA. emanI zahAdatanI vigata nIce mujaba che :

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13) jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo jahAMgIranA zAhajAdA khusaroe baLavo karyo. baLavo karyA pachI hArIne bhAgyo ane te madada mATe guru pAse Avyo. gurue dayAthI ene rU. 5,OOO ApyA. A bAtamI cADiyAoe jahAMgIrane pahoMcADI. jahAMgIre guruno rUpiyA be lAkha daMDa karyo ane sAthe hukama karyo, "Adi graMtha' mAMnI islAmI mAnyatAno jarAka paNa virodha karatI hoya evI sarva paMktio rada karo." daDha Izvarabhakta arjunadeve ema karavAno InkAra karyo. eTale jahAMgIre guru upara bhayaMkara atyAcAra gujAryA. emanA upara dhagadhagatI retI nAkhavAmAM AvI. emane garama tavA upara besADyA, emanA para UkaLatuM pANI reDavAmAM AvyuM ane emane bhUkhe mAravAmAM AvyA. chevaTe maraNatola thaI gayA tyAre emane rAvI nadImAM pheMkI dIdhA ane ema A "zahIdonA siratAja potAnA "ghera' vAhagurunA vAtsalyapUrNa khoLAmAM pahoMcI gayA. zIkhonI bAbatamAM to suprasiddha "jahAMgIrI nyAya'nuM A udAharaNa jagatane jovA maLyuM ! 6. guru haragoviMda (1595-1644)H guru arjunadevanI hatyA pachI emanA agiyAra varSanA kizora putra haragoviMda guru thayA. emaNe joyuM ke kevaLa japamALAthI dharmarakSA nahi thAya. eTale selI (guruo paheratA te UnanI mALA)ne bhaMDAramAM mUkAvI dIdhI. temaNe aihika ane pAralaukika kSetronA guru banyAnA nizAna tarIke be talavAra dhAraNa karavA mAMDI ane teo "mIrI pIrInA mAlika' nAmathI oLakhAya. mugala taptanA jharUkhA karatAM paNa UMcuM "akAla taNa" bAMdhyuM. gurue azvo ane zastronI bheTa dharavA ziSyone AjJA karI. keTaloka vakhata jahAMgIre emane kedamAM paNa pUryA. paraMtu emanI nirbhayatA ane bhagavadbhakti joIne maitrI bAMdhI. jahAMgIranA mRtyu pachI emane zAhajahAM sAthe keTalIka laDAIo thaI. emAM zIkho jItyA. tethI zIkhonI pratiSThA khUba vadhI. janatA emanA tarapha AzA ane gauravanI najare jovA lAgI. emaNe jIvananAM chellAM dasa varSa himAlayanI taLeTImAM kiratArapuramAM zAntithI gALyAM. "zoka na karazo paNa AnaMdotsava karajo, kAraNa ke huM to mAre ghera jAuM chuM, harinAmathI jIvanane bharI dejo," bolIne emaNe deha tyajyo. guru haragoviMdanI lokapriyatA apratima hatI. gurunI citAmAM paDIne be zIkhoe sahagamana karyuM hatuM ane bIjA keTalAyane teo citAmAM na kUdI paDe te mATe pakaDI rAkhavA paDyA hatA.8 7. guru harirAya (1630-1661) guru haragoviMdanA pautra guru harirAya bacapaNathI ja dayALu, komaLa hRdayanA hatA. eka samaye bagIcAmAM pharatAM emano jAmo aDI javAthI eka suMdara phUla kharI paDyuM tyAre emane eTaluM badhuM duHkha thayuM ke e pachI kAyama jAmo saMkorIne ja cAlatA. emanA vakhatamAM zAhajahAMnA putra dvArA zikohanuM kAsaLa kADhI nAkhavA dArAnA nAnA bhAI auraMgajhebe bhojanamAM kaMI khavaDAvI devAthI dArA gaMbhIra

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zIkha dharma 131 mAMdagImAM paTakAyo. hakImoe atyaMta durlabha davAo lakhI ApI. sAmrAjyamAM sarvatra tapAsa karavA chatAM kyAMya A davAo na maLI. chevaTe e davAo guru harirAyanA bhaMDAramAM che evI mAhitI maLatAM, zAhajahAMe guru pAse auSadhonI mAgaNI karI. dayALu gurue bAdazAhanI vairavRtti bhUlIne "jeo AzA laIne guru dvAre Ave te zA mATe nirAza thaIne jAya?' kahI auSadho ane vadhArAmAM anupAnamAM vAparavA lAyaka ane kImatI motI ApyuM. dArA sAjo thayo. zAhajahAMe maitrI bAMdhI, paNa pitAne keda karI auraMgajheba gAdIe Avyo. eNe gurune dilhI bolAvyA. gurue moTA putra rAmarAyane mokalyo. kizora rAmarAye samrATanI khuzAmata karI kRpA saMpAdita karI paNa pitAno prema khoyo. gAdI upara pAMca varSanA bALaka putra harikizanano abhiSeka karI emaNe jIvanalIlA saMkelI lIdhI. auraMgajhebe zIkhomAM phUTa paDAvavA rAmarAyane jAgIra ApI. rAmarAye tyAM potAnuM daheruM bAMdhyuM, tethI e sthAnanuM nAma daherAdUna paDyuM. atyAre paNa e daheruM ane enI vizALa jAgIra che. 8.guru harikizana (1656-1664): auraMgajhebe bAlagurune dilhI bolAvyA. harikizana jayapura nareza rAjA jayasiMhane tyAM UtaryA, auraMgajhebe emanI parIkSA karI paNa guru enI jALamAM phasAyA nahi. e vakhate dilhImAM zItaLA ane kaoNlerAno vAvara hato. guru auSadho, kapaDAM, khorAka vagere laIne potAno kArabhAra karanAra zIkhonI sAthe jAte rogapIDita lattAomAM jaIne dardIone AzvAsana ApatA ane madada karatA. je kaMI bheTa-pUjAmAM AvatuM te badhuM rogI-kaMgAlonI sevAmAM vAparI nAkhavAmAM AvatuM. e arasAmAM cepa lAgI jatAM, gurune zItaLA nIkaLyA. aMta samaye nAriyeLa ane pAMca paisA maMgAvI, "bAbA bakAle' arthAta navamA guru bakAlA gAmamAM che ema guru tegabahAdurano saMkta karI harikizana paramAtmAnA dhAmamAM sidhAvyA. 9. guru tegabahAdura (1621-1675): guru haragoviMdanA sauthI nAnA putra guru tegabahAdura atyaMta namra, vairAgyazIla, dhyAnamagna, tejasvI ane nirbhaya hatA. gurunuM sAmAnyataH svIkRta nAma tyAgamala hatuM, paraMtu I.sa. 1634nA kastAnapuranA yuddhamAM kizora tyAgamale mugala lazkara sAme bhAre parAkrama darzAveluM, eTale tenA parAkramathI prasanna thaIne pitA haragoviMde emanuM 'tegabahAdura' nAma pADyuM. vaLI, emanA laMgaramAM bhUkhyAne khUba anna maLatuM eTale "degabahAdura' nAmathI ane teo garIbonA AdhAra banI rahelA eTale "TekabahAdura' nAmathI jANItA thayA. emanA samayamAM auraMgajhebanI dharmAdhanItie mAjhA mUkI. ziyA-muslimo, sUphIo ane hinduonA virodhamAM enI talavAra krUratAthI vIMjhAvA mAMDI. eNe "dharmaparivartananI yojanA barbaratApUrvaka amalamAM mUkavA mAMDI, tyAre kAzmIranA paMDito dharma upara AvelI kaSTakathA saMbhaLAvavA guru pAse AvyA. gurue salAha ApI, koI dharmaprANa manuSya AtmabalidAna Ape to hinduo bacI zake." tyAre guru

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132 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo tegabahAduranA nava varSanA bALaka putra goviMdarAye dRDhatAthI kahyuM : "jenA gharamAM bhUkhyAne anna denAra dega ane anAtha-nirbaLonuM rakSaNa karanAra tega (talavAra) che evA ApanA karatAM vadhAre dharmaprANa koNa hoya !" guru tegabahAdure nirNaya laI lIdho. emaNe paMDitone kahyuM : "auraMgajhebane khabara Apo ke tegabahAdura amArA guru che. jo tegabahAdura dharmapalaTo karaze to ame paNa dharmapalaTo karIzuM." auraMgajhebe gurUne dilhI bolAvyA. emaNe dharmaparivartanano inkAra karyo eTale auraMgajhebe emane pAMjarAmAM pUryA. emanI para ghora atyAcAra gujAravAmAM AvyA. emanA eka sAthI matadAsane karavatathI jIvatA cirAvI nAkhyA, bIjA eka bhAI dayAlAne jIvatA raMdhAvI nAkhyA. aMte guru tegabahAdurano paNa ziraccheda karyo. (saMvata 1732nA mAgazara suda 5, tA. 11-11-1675. bhArata sarakAra ane zIkha samAja taraphathI Ane kAraNe I.sa. 1975-76nA varSamAM saM. 2032nA mAgazara suda pathI zarU thatuM AkhuM varSa "guru tegabahAdura trizatAbdI zahIdI varSa tarIke moTA pAyA para UjavAyuM che.) dharmanI rakSA mATe emaNe "sIsadiyA para sira na diyA.10 bhAthuM ApyuM paNa satyadharma na Apyo. kAzmIrI paMDito ane emanI pAchaLa lAkho hindu-zIkha pharajiyAta dharmapalaTAmAMthI ane nAmozImAMthI UgarI gayA. gurunA A balidAne dharma arthAt sAcA dharma ane hindustAna baMnenI lAja rAkhI ethI emanuM "dharmanI cAdara' athavA hindanI cAdara' evA nAmathI smaraNa karavAmAM Ave che. guru tegabahAdura tilaka, janoI ke mUrti pUjAmAM mAnatA nahotA. zIkha dharma paNa mAnato nathI. paraMtu bhakti-upAsanAnA svAtaMtrya mATe julamano pratikAra karavA gurue A zreSTha ahiMsaka AtmabalidAna ApyuM. gurunA saMkhyAbaMdha muslima bhakto hatA. temAM paNa gurune je jelamAM rAkhavAmAM AvelA teno darogo saiyada abdula hasana, gurunA ziraccheda pachI A adharma jyanA virodhamAM zAhI nokarIne tilAMjali ApIne AnaMdapuramAM guru goviMdasiMha pAse rahevA Avyo, ane eNe gurunI AjIvana sevA karI. 10. guru goviMdasiMha (1966-1708)H guru tegabahAduranA mastakane eka jaitA nAmano raMgareTo (khAlapo) hiMmata bhIDIne nava varSanA bAlaguru goviMdarAya pAse laI gayo. gurue A atyaMjane "raMgareTe guru ke beTe' kahIne abhinaMdayo. navamAM gurunA dhaDane lakhI zAha nAmanA zIkha lavANAe uThAvyuM ane ghera laI gayo. gharane Aga cAMpIne gurunA zabane sanmAnasahita agnidAha dIdho. bALaka guru goviMde mAmAnI dekhabhALa nIce zastro ane zAstrono abhyAsa karyo. khUba dhyAna karyuM, vicAryuM, nirNaya lIdhA, kartavya pArakhyuM. emaNe paramAtmA pAsethI duSTadamana karavAno Adeza meLavyo. 11 zrIrAma ane zrIkRSNanAM cAritrono

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zIkha dharma '133 abhyAsa karyo. durgAe rAkSasonA karelA saMhAranuM rahasya samajyA. emaNe bhagavAnane akAla puruSa" avinAzI paramAtmA) nAmathI bolAvyA. e sAthe ja asidhvaja, khaDagaketu ane mahAkAla jevAM nAmothI paNa bolAvyA. emaNe bhavya bhAratIya saMskRtine lAgelo lUNo pArakhyo e lUNAne dUra karavAno nirNaya karyo. emanA bhaktithI paripUrNa, dayALu, nirbhaya ane nirvera cittamAMthI kAvyadhodhano prabaLa pravAha ane dharmanuM prakhara teja ekasAthe prakAzI nIkaLyAM. zIkhonA samagra mAnasika valaNane badalavA emaNe I.sa. 1999nA mArcanI trIsamI tArIkhe, eTale ke vaizAkhInA divase julama ane satAmaNIno sAmano karavAno saMkalpa tyAganAra mANasanA mastakanI mAgaNI karI. eka pachI eka ema vArApharatI pAMca mANaso mastaka ApavA mATe guru pAse AvyA. 1. lAhorano dayArAma kSatriya, 2. dilhIno dharamadAsa jATa, 3. dvArakAno mohakamacaMda chIpo, 4. bihArano sAhibacaMda nAI ane 5. jagannAthapurIno himmatarAya bhoI. emAM dayArAma sivAya cAre zUdra hatA, mohakamacaMda gujarAtano hato. e pAMce "paMja pyAre' (pAMca pyArA) kahevAyA. paNa have e badhA "siMha' banI gayA hatA. je mANaso kadI talavAra-baMdUkane aDakyA paNa nahotA teo zaktizALI vIra banI gayA. mAchI, chIpA, camAra, nAIo evA senAnI banyA ke emanA pratApathI mahArAjAo paNa tharatharavA lAgyA ane ema khAlasA paMthanI sthApanA thaI. e samaye guru goviMdasiMha bolyA hatA : jyAre cakalIo pAse huM bAjone chinnabhinna karAvuM tyAre khaDagapANi kahevAuM. je loko, bAjo pAse cakalIo marAve emane jagatamAM zI zobhA maLavAnI che?..12 emaNe eka kaDAImAM pavitra jaLa bharyuM. gurunAM brahmacAriNI dharmapatnI mAtA sAhibadevAM athavA sAhibakaure emAM patAsAM nAkhyAM.13 jaLane gurue guruvANInuM uccAraNa karatAM karatAM khAMDAthI (bedhArI talavArathI) valovI amRta siddha karyuM. gurue pAMca pyArAone pAMca-pAMca aMjali amRta pAyuM. A amRta, emaNe emanA mukha upara chAMTyuM, emanA kezomAM sIMcyuM ane emanI AMkhomAM ekITaze joIne potAnuM Atmateja sIMcyuM ane chelle bacelA amRtanuM e pAMce pyArAoe kaDAIne mukhe lagADIne pAna karyuM. A amRtapAnathI vIrapuruSa amara, mRtyuMjaya banI jAya. gurue pachI ziSya tarIke A "pAMca pyArA" pAsethI amRtapAnanI dIkSA lIdhI. pAMcane be hAtha joDI namyA. goviMdarAya maTI goviMdasiMha namaskAra karIne dIkSA lIdhI hoya.14 have badhA zIkha nAtajAtanA bheda toDI kSatriya banyA. ziyALa maTIne "siMha' banyA. strIo badhI "kaura (siMhaNa athavA rANI) banI. dareka amRtapAna karanAra

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134 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo zIkhe pAMca "ka' rAkhavAnA-keza, kaccha, kaDuM, kAMsako (kaMghA) ane kirapANa. have koI nAnuM-moTuM nahotuM, badhA saradAra hatA.15 guru goviMdanA dharmatejathI auraMgajheba gabharAyo. eNe gurunI rAjadhAnI AnaMdapurane jabaradasta ghero ghAlyo. AnaMdapura khAlI karatAM emanA be putra jorAvarasiMha (9 varSa) ane phatehasiMha (3 varSa) sarahiMdanA sUbAne hAtha paDyA. A baMne nirbhaya siMhazAvakoe (siMhanAM saMtAnoe) dharmaparivartana karavAno InkAra karyo eTalA mATe auraMgajhebe teonI hatyA karAvI. gurunA be moTA putro ajitasiMha ane bujhArasiMha camakauranI laDAImAM, jemAM lagabhaga 45 zIkhoe eka lAkhanI mugala senAne haMphAvI hatI temAM zahIda thayA. gurue cAre putronI vIragatinA, ane e AghAtane kAraNe mRtyu pAmelI mAtAnA samAcArane pUrI samatAthI jhIlyA. e vakhate guru emanA bhakta ane mitra jatapurAnA musalamAna caudharI rAya kalhAne tyAM hatA. rAya kalhA A duHkhada samAcArathI raDavA lAgyo. tyAre gurue kahyuM : ""mArA putro maryA nathI, e amara thayA che." ane bhagavAnanI ArAdhanA karatAM bolyA, "paramAtmA ! tArI icchA mIThI lAge che." guru goviMdasiMhanAM bhakti - vairAgya - jJAna - zauryathI mugdha thaIne aneka muslimo emanA bhakta ane mitra thayA hatA. temAM darogA abdula hasana uparAMta pIra saiyada buddhazAha, saiyada bega, kAjhI pIra muhammada, ganIkhAna, nabIkhAna vagere mukhya hatA. auraMgajhebanA mRtyu pachI enA putra bAdazAha bahAdurazAha sAthe goviMdasiMhane maitrI thaI. paraMtu bAdazAhanI chAvaNInI bAjumAM guruno mukAma hato tyAre dakSiNamAM godAvarI taTe nAMdeDamAM be paThANoe gurune chUrI halAvI dIdhI. paramAtmAnA dhAmamAM jatAM pahelAM emaNe "guru graMthasAhebane khAlasA paMthanA guru tarIke jAhera karyA. anupama AdhyAtmika sAmarthya hoya to ja AvuM advitIya pagaluM bharI zakAya. goviMdasiMha advitIya hatA. aihika bAbatomAM to paMtha arthAt khAlasA paMtha mArgadarzaka rahyo. hisTarI oNpha paMjAba'nA kartA saiyada muhammada latIphe guru mATe lakhyuM che : "emanAmAM guru ane sipAhInA guNo saMmilita hatA. e gurugAdI upara dharmavidhAyaka netA, raNakSetramAM nirbhaya yoddhA, tapta upara bAdazAha ane zIkhasaMgatomAM mAnanIya phakIra hatA."16 3. zIkha dharmanA zAstragraMthaH zIkha dharmano pramukha zAstragrantha "guru granthasAheba" karelo. A graMthanuM saMkalana pAMcamA guru arjunadeve kareluM. emaNe trIjA guru amaradAsanA putra mohana pAsethI pUrvaguruonI racanAo meLavI. te pachI hindustAnanA hindu-muslima sarvasaMtone AmaMtrA, sabhA bharI. emanI pAsethI sarva

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zIkha dharma 135 saMpradAyonI vANIo meLavI, temAMthI je je vANI zIkha-siddhAMtone anurUpa hatI, je IzvaradarzananI anubhUtithI sabhara hatI, je jIvaMta hatI, je dharmAdhatAthI para hatI ene vINI kADhI ane saMgrahita karI ane ema A viziSTa pavitra graMthanI racanA thaI. gura graMthasAheba'mAM cha gura, paMdara bhakta (jemAMnA keTalAka to musalamAna hatA). paMdara jeTalA bhATa ane cAra bIjA saMgItakAro (jemAMnA traNa musalamAna hatA)nI racanAo che. 1. chaThThAthI AThamA gurunI koI racanA nathI. navamA gurunI racanAo guru goviMdasiMhe dAkhala karelI. guru goviMdasiMhe potAnI koI paNa racanAne "gura granthasAheba'mAM sthAna ApyuM nathI, e emanI ajoDa vinamratA ane nirmohitAno paricaya Ape che.. badhA guruo "nAnaka'nA nAmathI racanAo karatA tethI racanA kayA gurunI che te samajAya e hetuthI guru arjune dareka racanAnI AgaLa mahalAno saMkhyAMka lakhavAnI prathA svIkArI, jema ke mahalA pahalA eTale guru nAnakanI racanA, mahalA dUjA eTale guru aMgadanI racanA. mahalA eTale mahala arthAta ghara eTale ke svarUpa. guru nAnaka to eka ja. emanI jyoti svarUpa badalatI hatI, evo bhAva AnI pAchaLa che. mahilAno bIjo artha che paramAtmAnI navoDhA. dareka guru potAne paramezvaranI navoDhA mAnatA, tethI e artha paNa barAbara cAle che. 2. paMdara bhaktomAMthI bAbA zekha pharIda musalamAna che ane bhIkhana ghaNuM karIne musalamAna haze ema lAge che. 3. keTalAka bhATa zIkha thayelA. e saue guru arjunanA sAMnidhyamAM AvIne emanI tathA bIjA guruonI prazastinAM gIta gAyAM. arjune bhATonAM A gItomAMthI viNelI vANIne "guru granthasAheba'mAM sthAna ApyuM. bhATonI saMkhyA Azare paMdareka haze evuM lAge che. paraMtu badhA vidvAnonI yAdIo meLavavA jaIe to te saMkhyA ochAmAM ochI agiyAra ane vadhumAM vadhu bAvIsa thAya che ! 4. je cAra saMgItakAronI racanA che temAMthI traNa musalamAna che. 1430 pRSThomAM "guru granthasAheba'nuM saMkalana thayuM che, jANe ke bhAratanA saMtono bhavya parisaMvAda ! A bhavya graMtha kevaLa vAMcavA mATe nathI, jIvanamAM utAravA mATe che. "guru granthasAheba" aneka rIte viziSTa che. jagatanA koI paNa dharmasthApaka guruonAM lakhANa ATalAM adhikRta rIte sacavAIne graMthastha thayelAM maLatAM nathI.17 potAnI pahelAMnA zIkhaguruonI ane potAnI vANI guru arjune pote ja lakhAvI che ane lahiyAo pAse sudharAvIne pote ja enI pramANabhUtatA aMge mahora

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136 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo lagAvI che. dharmasaMsthApakonI ATalI pramANabhUta vANI bIje kyAMya upalabdha nathI. guru graMthasAheba'nI A mULa bIDa (prata) atyAre karatArapura (ji. jalaMdhara)mAM che, eTale e "karatArapuravALI bIDa' kahevAya che. 18 Aje to "guru granthasAheba'nI gurumukhI (paMjAbI) uparAMta aneka bhASAo ane bolIo purANI banI hoI emAMnI keTalIka racanAone bAda karatAM moTA bhAganI racanAo zIkhone paNa TIkA vinA samaja na paDe evI durbodha che; paNa samajAyA pachI eno rasa cittamAM evo coMTI jAya che ke jANe enA ghUMTaDA pIdhA ja karIe. "guru graMthasAheba'mAM guru arjune brAhmaNa, kSatriya, zUdra, muslima saMta bhaktonI vANIne sthAna ApyuM tenuM kAraNa hindustAnanI AdhyAtmika zrIno emAM samAveza karavAno to hato ja sAthe duniyAmAM e sthApavuM hatuM ke zIkha dharmamAM bhrama, aMdhavizvAsa, UMcanIcanA bheda ane dharmAdhatAne koI sthAna nathI. emAM "allAha ane parabrahma eka ja che evI maMtra jevI aneka racanAo Thera Thera maLI Avaze.19 "guru granthasAheba" Aje paNa eka jIvato graMtha che. bhaktimAna zIkha naranArIo prabhAtamAM guru upara pUrNa zraddhA rAkhIne "graMthasAheba' pAse dararojanA kartavyano hukama mAge che. je pAnuM UghaDe temAM je "zabda', je vANI vAMcavAmAM Ave te vANI te divasano hukama bane. guru goviMdasiMhanI racanAone emanA mahAprasthAna pachI, gurunA mitra ane ziSabhAI maNisiMhe "dazam grantha'nA rUpamAM saMpAdita karI. "dazamuM grantha' vraja, hindI phArasI ane paMjAbI ema cAra bhASAomAM che. zIkha dharmamAM A graMthanuM khUba mAnavaMtu sthAna che. emAMnA keTalAka bhAga zIkhonI dainika prArthanAmAM sAmela che. 20 4. tAtvika siddhAMto H 1. guruo IzvaraniSTha anubhavIo hatA, tethI tArkika dalIlonA AdhAre teo paramAtmAnuM astitva siddha karatA nathI. emane to paramAtmAnI anubhUti hatI, paramAtmAnA pratyakSa darzana thayAM hatAM. "jyAM jayAM joyuM tyAM tyAM e ja che.21 "nAnakano pAdazAha (paramAtmA) to veda, kurAna, saMsAra tathA badhAthI para che. e to pratyakSa dekhAya che."22 guru nAnake mUla maMtramAM paramAtmAnuM svarUpa nirUpyuM che : eka OMkAra satinAmu karatA purakhu nirabhI niravairu akAla mUrati ajUni saibhe guru prasAdi.23 (prabhu eka che. OMkAra svarUpa che. (zabda arthAta vANI che.) satya enuM nAma che. te jagatkartA, AdipuruSa, nirbhaya, nirvera, avinAzI, ayoni ane svayaMbhU che. e prabhu gurunI kRpA dvArA prApta thAya che.) guru granthasAheba" eTale ke guruvANI A mUla maMtranuM bhASya che.

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zIkha dharma 137 2. jIva paramAtmAnA hukamathI, paramAtmAmAMthI utpanna thAya che. jIvamAM paramAtmAno vAsa che, tethI brahma ane jIva vacceno saMbaMdha atyaMta gADha ane anirvacanIya che. "guru granthasAheba'mAM jIvanuM rUpa A rIte darzAvyuM che : "A to acarajanI anupama kathA che. jIva to parabrahmanI yathAtatha pratimA che. e bALaka nathI ane vRddha paNa nathI. ene duHkha ane mRtyu nathI, e to anAdi kALathI che. ene zIta-uSNa, zatru-mitra ane harSa-zokanAM dvando nathI. ene pApa-puNyano lepa aDe nahi. e to ghaTaghaTamAM sadA jAgRta che."24 Ama chatAM jyAre ahaMkArathI grasta bane tyAre jIvanI durdazA thAya che. ""tuM to moTI nadI jevo vizALa ane dUradarzI. huM tAro pAra kema karIne pAmI zakuM? jyAM jyAM najara paDe che tyAM tyAM mane tuM ja dekhAya che, paNa jo tAro ahaMbhAvathI viyoga thAya to huM acUka taDapI-taDapIne marI jAuM."25 guru granthasAheba'mAM manuSyayonine sarvazreSTha ane durlabha mAnI che. eTalA mATe mAnavazarIrane prApta karyA pachI manuSya muktino prayatna karavo joIe. 27 zIkha dharma pUrvajanmanA saMskArone svIkAre che. karmanAM zubha-azubha rUpone mAne che. 28 manuSya karma karavAmAM svataMtra, paNa enAM phaLa bhogavavAmAM parataMtra che ema paNa mAne che. 29 azubha karmono maLa paramAtmAnA nAmathI sApha thAya che. 30 jIva jyAre mAyAmAM baddha thaIne potAnA mULa svabhAvane-brahmasAdezyane bhUlI jAya che tyAre aneka prakAranAM puNya-pApa kare che. pariNAme ene mahAbhayaMkara jhera jevA duHkha veThavA paDe che. maraNa pachI pazu, pakSI, tiryaMconI lAkho yoniomAM (lakha corAzImAM) bhaTakavuM paDe che. 31 "japujInA A zlokamAM karma aMgenuM tattvajJAna phuTa thayeluM che : "pavana guru che, pANI pitA che, vizALa dharatI mAtA che, divasa ane rAta e be dAyaNa che, emanA khoLe jagata khele che. jIvonAM sArAM ane khoTAM karmo dharmarAjA samakSa vaMcAze ane potAnAM karma anusAra ApoApa koI paramAtmAnI najIka jaze ane koI dUra jaze. jeNe (hari-) nAmanuM dhyAna karyuM te prayatna karIne pAra UtarI gayA. nAnaka kahe che temanAM mukha UjaLAM thayAM ane keTalAya temanI sAthe mukta thaI gayAM.32 manuSyajIvananuM dhyeya che ahaMkArarUpI "dIrgharogamAMthI mukta thavAnuM. dIrgharoga hovA chatAM eno upAya paNa prabhue emAM rAkhyo che.33 e upAya eTale gurunA upadeza anusAra AcaraNa, nAmajapa, namratA, satsaMga, saddaguru ane paramAtmAnI kRpA. "sau dharmomAM zreSTha dharma : nAmajapa ane nirmaLa karma, sarva kriyAomAM uttama kriyA : satsaMgathI durmatirUpI maLane dUra karavo. sarva udyamomAM zreSTha udyama : cittamAM niraMtara harinAmano japa. sakaLa vANImAM amRta jevI vANI : hariyaza sAMbhaLavo ane mukhathI gAvo. saghaLAM sthAnomAM uttama sthAna : je gharamAM harinAma sthira thaIne vase te"34

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138 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo nAmajapathI - nAmanI prAptithI sAdhakane nirvikalpa samAdhinI prApti thAya che. 35 enuM citta nirmaLa bane che. e anukrame dharamakhaMDa (dharmakhaMDa), giAnakhaMDa (jJAnakhaMDa), sacakhaMDa (zramakhaMDa athavA zarmakhaMDa), karamakhaMDa (kRpAkhaMDa athavA karmakhaMDa)nI bhUmikAo pasAra karIne sacakhaMDamAM (satyakhaMDa, arthAt paramagati, paramapada, sahajAvasthA, nirvANa, amRtamAM) praveze che. A bhUmikAmAM satyano, paramAtmAno vAsa che. A khaMDamAM satyano prakAza thatAM bhrama-mAtrano nAza thAya che. sAdhaka pUrNa satya sAthe advaita sAdhIne pUrNatA prApta kare che. ahIM prabhu kRpAdRSTi karI bhaktone nihAla karI de che. ahIM sau enA - satyasvarUpa paramAtmAnA hukama anusAra potapotAnAM kAryo kare che. nirmaLa bhakta e joI joIne, vicArI vicArIne, khuzakhuza thaI jAya che. paNa enuM varNana karavuM e to loDhAnA caNA cAvavA jevuM kaThaNa che. zIkha dharmamAM sadgurunuM sthAna atyaMta UMcuM che, tethI e dharma "gurumata' kahevAya che. guruno mahimA varNavatAM Adiguru nAnaka kahe che : ""mArA guru upara huM to divasamAM ekaso vAra balihArI jAuM chuM, ke je gurue manuSyomAMthI devatA banAvyA ane te paNa tatkALa."37 paNa jo sadguru na maLe to koI game teTalA prayatna kare to paNa tarI zake nahIM. "seMkaDo caMdro ane hajAra sUryo Uge ane e sauno vipula prakAza bhalene hoya, paraMtu guru vinA to ghora aMdhAruM.38 guru eTale gurunuM bhautika zarIra nahi paNa e zarIramAM rahelI nirmaLa jyoti. saddaguru dvArA - e jyoti dvArA mana-vANIne agamya-agocara evA harinI prApti thAya che. 39 ane te pachI dasamA guru goviMdasiMhe pUrvavartI guruonI apekSAe potAnI racanAomAM dehadhArI gurunuM mahattva bahu alpa pramANamAM varNavyuM che. teo to spaSTa ghoSaNA kare che: "jagatamAM sauno guru eka che ane te paramezvara."40 ""Adi ane aMtamAM je eka avatAra che te sarva jagatanA sraSTA paramezvara mArA guru che ema jANo."** sadgurunA mahimAnAM stavanothI sArA-khoTA, sadguru ane pAkhaMDI guru baMnene lAbha thato dekhItI rIte ja pAkhaMDIo emAM phAvI jatAM. guru goviMdasiMhe A sthiti pArakhI lIdhI. Ane lIdhe emanI racanAomAM dehadhArI gurune sthAne paramaguru paramAtmAnuM stavana vizeSa che ane aMtakALe moko maLatAM emaNe advitIya AdhyAtmika sAmarthyathI "vANI guru hai, guru hai vANI, vicI vANI amRta sAre."ityAdi pramANabhUta guruvacanone AdhAre gurunuM sthAna "Adigranthane ApI dIdhuM. e vANIrUpa gurunI jyoti zraddhAdhana gurumukha zIkhone ane anya zreyArthIone mArgadarzana Ape che. 5. naitika siddhAMto : zIkhonA dharmarahasyano sarala saMkSepa A zabdomAM karavAmAM Ave che : "kirata karanA (dharmakRtya karavuM), vaMDa chakanA (vaheMcIne khAvuM), te nAma japanA (ane nAma japavuM)."

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zIkha dharma 139 guruo saraLa bhASAmAM zIkhone upadeza che, "je parizrama karIne khAya che ane emAMthI potAnA hAthe bIjAne kaMI Ape che te ja dharmano mArga pichANe che. tuM udyama karIne jIva (bhIkha mAgIne nahi); kamAIne sukha bhogava; dhyAna dharIne tuM prabhune maLa; eTale tArI ciMtA TaLI gaI.44 nAnaka kahe che : "manuSyane paralokamAM e ja maLe che, je e prAmANikapaNe kamAya che ane emAMthI bIjAne Ape che... ane teo ja pavitra che jenA hRdayamAM e harinAmano nivAsa che.45 zIkha dharmamAM taMbAku ane evI nazIlI cIjonuM sevana, parastrIgamana, halAla karelA mAMsanuM bhakSaNa karavAno ane keza kApavAno niSedha che. putrIne dUdhapItI karavAno ane satI thavAnI prathAno paNa niSedha che. koInI pAse dAna na mAgavuM, AvakanA dazAMzanuM dAna karavuM, mahenatanI kamANIthI gujarAna calAvavuM, corI na karavI, dharmArtha dhanamAM bhUlathI paNa ghAlamela na karavI, nAtajAtanA khyAla choDI ekabIjA sAthe besIne bhojana karavuM, saune mAnathI bolAvavA, strIo ane puruSone samAna gaNavAM, zastrAstro vAparavAmAM nipuNa thavuM, madhura ane sAcuM bolavuM, sarva kAryonA AraMbhe prabhunuM nAmasmaraNa karavuM vagere AcAranuM vidhAna che. parastrIne mAtA jANIne kAma; nirbaLanI avajJAne potAnI avajJA samajIne tenuM rakSaNa karIne krodha; paradhanane agrAhya samajIne lobha; sarva suMdara padArthone nazvara samajIne moha ane saguNomAM potAnAthI zreSTha manuSyone joIne ahaMkAra ema pAMca durgaNono saguNonA vikAsa dvArA tyAga karavAno anurodha che.? zIkha dharma saMnyAsInA jIvana karatAM pavitra gRhasthajIvanane zreSTha mAne che ane gRhasthajIvanano mahimA kare che. je zIkha khAlasA paMthamAM nathI hotA paNa "guru graMthasAheba'mAM zraddhA rAkhe che teo "sahajadhArI' kahevAya che. teo keza vadhAratA nathI paNa uparyukta naitika siddhAMtomAM mAne che. 6. bhaktibhAvanA : jagatamAM be jAtanA manuSya che : manamukha athavA viSayAsakta ane gurumukha athavA paramAtmA tarapha mukhavALo. 8 kabIre enuM coTadAra varNana karyuM che : "vaiSNavanA gharanI kUtarI sArI, viSayAsaktanI mA e kUtarI karatAM paNa bUrI che, kAraNa ke pelI to nitya harinAmano yaza sAMbhaLe che ane A to pApanI kharIdI karyA kare che.49 ...cAra jAtanI mALAo rAkhIne vaiSNava thayo tethI zuM thayuM? bahArathI to zuddha kaMcana dekhAya che paNa bhItara to bhaMgAra bharyo che !"50 manamukha ane gurumukhanI jema "guru graMthasAhebamAM kucajI (durAcaraNI jIvAtmArUpI strI); sUcajI (sadAcaraNI jIvAtmArUpI strI); DohAgaNI (durbhAgyavALI) ane sohAgaNI (saubhAgyavatI); au-guNavaMtI (avaguNavaMtI) ane guNavaMtI zabdono prayoga Ave che. 51

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140 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo "AdigranthamAM harinAmano mahimA ane bhaktinuM gAna che. guru goviMdasiMha emanI jozIlI vANImAM kahe che : "prema vinA dhyAna tIrthATana, tapa karo ke yoga sAdho, paNa hAthamAM zuM AvyuM ?" "prema vinA prabhu prApta na thAya."para "jina prema kiyo tina hI prabhu pAyo.53 zIkha dharmamAM "Adigrantha' ane "dazamgrantha'mAM paramAtmAnAM seMkaDo nAmono prayoga thayo che. hindu ane islAmI paraMparAnAM nAma uparAMta zIkha paraMparAe pote yojelAM keTalAMya nAmathI prabhunI ArAdhanA karavAmAM Ave che. emAM "adharama' (jene koI dharma nathI) ane "amajahaba' (jene koI majahaba nathI) nAmo khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. Ama chatAM zIkhomAM prabhunuM "vAhiguru' nAma japa ane smaraNa mATe pracalita che. "vAhiguru' nAmanI eka samajUtI e vAsudeva hari, goviMda ane rAma e cAra harinAmonA AdyAkSaro laIne banAveluM che ema ApavAmAM Ave che. "vAhiguru gurumaMtra paNa kahevAya che. "vAhiguruno zabdArtha che : vismayakArI mahAna paramAtmA ke mahAna paramAtmAne dhanyavAda hajo. prabhubhaktithI nirmaLa thayelo zIkha jyAre paramAtmAnI lIlAnI vismayakArI saundaryAbhUti ke enA sat-cita-AnaMdarUpanI anubhUti kare tyAre dhanya dhanya thaI jAya che ane cakti thaIne svAbhAvikapaNe bolI UThe che. "vAhiMgura vAhiguru." AvI AzcaryathI cakti karI denArI "visamAdI avasthA'-bhAvasamAdhi e zIkhabhaktinI parAkASThA che. emAM badhA bhedabhAva adazya thAya che. paramAtmA, jIva, brahma ane brahmAMDa visAdamAM eka bane che. Adi guru nAnakadeva brahmAMDanI pratyeka vastumAM visamAdanAM darzana karIne, vismita thaIne bolI UThe che : nAda visamAda che, veda visamAda che. asaMkhya jIva visamAda che, jIvonA bheda visamAda che, rUpa, raMga, jIvajaMtu, pavana, pANI, agni, dharatI, caturvidha yonio, vividha kAmanAonA svAdasaMyoga, viyoga, bhUkha, stuti, prazaMsA, kumArga, sumArga e sarva visamAda che. paramAtmA samIpa che, dUra che ane hAjarAhajUra rahIne badhuM nihALe che te visamAda che. A Azcaryo joIne huM vismita thaI gayo chuM." nAnaka kahe che : "pUrAM bhAgya hoya to ja A Azcaryo samajI zakAya che."55 zIkha dharmamAM bhaktibhAvanAnI abhivyakti savAra, sAMja, rAtanI prArthanAo, guru graMthasAhebanAM darzana, "sAdhasaMgata' - zIkha samAjano satsaMga, kIrtana ane paramAtmAnA nAmasmaraNa dvArA thAya che. A dharmamAM sAmAnyataH jaTila karmakAMDa jevuM kaMI nathI. guru rAmadAsa racita "lAvAM'nA cAra zlokonA kIrtana sAthe varakanyA guru graMthasAheba'ne cAra pherA phare eTale lagna thaI jAya; sanmukha natamastake UbhA rahe to paNacAle. mRtyu samaye prabhumAM citta rAkhavAno anurodha che. mRtadehanA

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zIkha dharma 141 agnisaMskAra karavAmAM Ave e pachI smazAnamAMthI pAchA pharelA DAghuone "kaDAha prasAda - zIro vaheMcavAmAM Ave che. enI pAchaLa jIvAtmAnA A lokamAMthI thatA prayANane janmanA jevuM ja kudaratI mAnavAno vicAra rahelo che. janma, maraNa, lagna, amRtapAna thAya tyAre ema sarva prasaMgoe "guru granthasAheba'mAMthI "AnaMdasAheba' gAvAmAM Ave che ane kaDAha prasAda vaheMcAya che. "he vAhiguru ! tane je game te kharuM, tuM ja sanAtana ane nirAkAra che56 evA prabhunI icchAmAM AnaMda pAmavAno bhAva AmAM rahelo che. sAdhusaMgata (zIkha samAja)nI vividha prakAre sevA karavI vagere kAryone bahu pavitra mAnavAmAM Ave che. paraspara abhivAdana "vAhigurujI kA khAlasA, vAhigurujI ke phateha' (khAlasA paramAtmAnA potAnA che. phateha arthAt saphaLatA paramAtmAnI che.) e zabdothI thAya che. zIkhono udyoSa che, "sat zrI akAla." (kAlarahita paramAtmA satya che) 7. vairAgya bhAvanA : zIkha dharmanI vairAgyabhAvanA A rIte abhivyakta thAya che : navamA guru kahe che : "je manuSya duHkhamAM duHkha na mAne; jene sukha, Asakti ane bhaya nathI; je sonAne mATI tulya mAne; je niMdA-prazaMsA ane mAna-apamAnathI para che; je sakaLa AzAo ane icchAo tyAgIne vAsanArahita thaIne jIve che ane jene kAma-krodhano sparza nathI thato enAmAM brahmano nivAsa che.pas "he sajjano ! A tanane mithyA jANo, paNa enI aMdara je rAma vase che ene ja satya samajo. A jagata to svapramAMnI saMpatti jevuM che, e joIne abhimAna karavA jevuM zuM che?"58 ane dasamA gurune eka pada che : "re mana aiso kara saMnyAsA. he mana ! A rItano saMnyAsa kara. gharane saMpUrNapaNe vana samaja ane gharamAM ja tapasvInuM jIvana jIva. saMyamanI jaTA, prabhu sAthenA yoganuM snAna ane niyamanA nakha vadhAra. AtmAnA upadeza mATe jJAnane guru banAva ane "nAma"nI bhasma zarIra upara coLa. alpa AhAra, svalpa nidrA, dayA, kSamA, hRdayamAM prIti, zItaLa svabhAva ane saMtoSa rAkhIne triguNAtIta bana. kAma, krodha, ahaMkAra, lobha ane moha e pAMcane manamAM pesavA ja na de. Ama karIza to paramapuruSa nAmathI oLakhAtA AtmatattvanAM darzana thaze.59 vairAgya mATe vrata, upavAsa, tapa upara bhAra nathI, paNa jaLakamaLavat rahIne saMsAranAM kArya karatAM, nirmaLa gRhasthajIvana jIvIne bhagavadbhakti karavI ane dayALu thavuM. saunI sevA karI chUTavI. udyamI thavuM ane prabhunAmanA smaraNamAM magna rahevuM. yAtrAno niSedha che paNa aitihAsika gurudvArAonI yAtrA karavAno cAla che. yAtrA pAchaLano pramukha udeza sAdhusaMgatamAM hAjarI ApavAno ane satsaMga dvArA AdhyAtmika unnati sAdhavAno che.

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142 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 8. upasaMhAra : atyaMta prAcIna kALathI, ochAmAM ochuM vedavyAsa ane bhagavAna zrIkRSNanA jamAnAthI kevaLa dharmakhoja karavI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa duSTatAnuM damana ane dharmasaMsthApana karavuM e bhAratavarSano Adarza rahyo che. nirbhaya-nirverapaNe anyAyano, anItino, pApano sAmano karavo ja joIe. jo zaktizALI dharmAcaraNa karanAra e rIte na varte to te bhalene mahAsamartha hoya topaNa te pApano bhAgI bane ja. pApano, duSTatAno sAmano karavA mATe ahiMsaka mArganI zodha paNa zrIkRSNanA kALathI gAMdhIjI sudhI avirata cAlu rahI che, bhaviSyamAM cAlu raheze. gAMdhIjIe svalpAtisvalpa na gaNAya tevI ahiMsAthI bhAratane AjhAdI apAvI. pAMceka hajAra varSanA A itihAsamAM zIkha dharma A viziSTa dharmasAdhanA-duSTadamana ane dharmasaMsthApana-nI eka atyaMta mahattvanI ane tejasvI kaDI che. pahelA guru nAnakathI mAMDIne guru goviMdasiMha sudhIno ItihAsa eTale namratA, bhakti, prapatti, nirbhayatA, balidAna, jAlimano sAmano ane dharma-saMsthApana, arjunadeva ane tegabahAdura jevA be mahAna guruoe ahiMsaka satyAgrahanI rIte prANArpaNa karI vyaktigata rIte ahiMsaka pratikAranI uttamottama praNAlinuM sthApana karyuM. guru goviMdasiMhe satyanA AgrahInA sattvazIla jussAthI bIkaNa ziyALomAMthI zUravIra siMha-siMhaNonuM sarjana karyuM, saMta-sipAhI saryA. nirbhaya-nirverapaNe jAlimono pratikAra karyo. pratikAra karavA chatAM emano koI vairI nathI, emane koI parAyo nathI. A zIkha dharmanuM viziSTa pradAna che. e pradAna nIcenA zabdomAM barAbara vyakta thAya che. "jyArathI mane sAdhuonI-nirmaLa janonI sobata maLI tyArathI parAI IrSA choDI dIdhI. mAre koI vairI ke parAyo nathI. mAre to saunI sAthe dostI che. sAdhuonI pAsethI mane evI sadgaddhi maLe che ke prabhu je kare te sAruM ja mAnavuM. emanA upadeza anusAra jagatanuM nirIkSaNa karatAM sarvatra eka prabhu ja vilasato dekhAya che ane ene nIrakhI nIrakhIne nAnaka prasannatAthI khIlI UThe che."60 jANI lo ke mANasamAtranI jAti eka che. kartA (sarjana karanAra) ane karIma (udAra); rAjhaka (poSaNa karanAra) ane rahIma (dayALu) eka ja che. emAM bheda che evo bhrama bhUlathI paNa na rAkhavo. ekanI ja pUjA karo; e eka ja sauno gurudeva che; sarvatra enuM rUpa che ane sarvamAM enI jyoti che."61

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zIkha dharma 143 saMdarbhasUci 1. upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA, zIkha darzana, pR. 1-2. 2. rAmadhArIfsaMda 'hina', saMskRti che vAra adhyAya (prathama AvRtti) pR. 268 293 (Dr. Mansukhiyani, The Quintessence of Sikhism, P. 90-99, Hari Ram Gupta, History of Sikh Gurus, 45231-9, Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs zju II, P. 64-68) upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA, zIkha darzana, pR.12 4. guru graMthasAheba, pR.1-2 upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA, zIkha darzana, pR. 22-23 6. ejana pR. 25 7. ejana pR.44 ejana pR.117 10. ejana pR.121-122 12. ejana pR.14pa-150 13. guru govindasiMhanAM lagnonI vigata mATe ane brahmacAriNI patnI mAtA sAhibakaura mATe juo ejana pR. 138. 14. ejana pR.148 15. ejana pR.148-151 16. ejana pR. 171-172 17. ejana pR.68-77 18. ejana pR.77 ejana pR.77 20. ejana pR.97 21. ejana pR.172-179 22. ejana pR.190

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144 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 23. ejana pR.191 24. ejana pR. 207 25. ejana pR. 207 26. guru graMthasAheba pR. 751 ejana pR. 220 28. ejana pR. 204 29. ejana pR. 1030 30. ejana pR. 115 upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA, zIkha darzana, pR. 208 32. ejana pR. 33 33. ejana pR. 213 34. ejana pR. 213 35. ejana pR. 230 36. ejana pR. 230-231 37. ejana pR. 217 38. ejana pR. 217 39. guru graMthasAheba, pR. 174 40. upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA, zIkha darzana, pR. 221 41. ejana pR. 221 42. ejana pR. 220 ejana pR. 83-84 44. ejana pR. 83 X4. 46. ejana pR. 150-151 47. ejana pR. 229-210 48. ejana pR. 222-224 49. ejana pR. 222-223 50. ejana pR. 223

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zIkha dharma 145 51. ejana pR. 224 pa2. ejana pR. 226 53. ejana pR. 226 54. ejana pR. 228 55. ejana pR. 234-235 56. ejana pR. 236 pa7. ejana pR. 112 58. ejana pR. 120-121 59. ejana pR. 178, 209-210 60. guru graMthasAheba, pR. 1299 61. upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA, zIkha darzana, pR. 166.

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prakaraNa-9 jarathostI dharma - nIlA ja. joSI udbhava ane vikAsa : IrAnanA parsa prAMtamAMthI UtarI AvelI prajA pArasIone nAme hiMdamAM vasI rahI che. hiMdu prajA sAthe A pArasI prajA evI to bhaLI gaI che ke eka judo dharma pALatI A prajA saikAothI kazAya saMgharSa vinA bhAratanI anya prajAo sAthe rahI che. A pArasI prajAno dharma te jarathostI dharma. A dharmanA sthApakanuM nAma che aSo (pavitra) jarathuSTra. jarathuSTranA samaya vakhate "mAjhadayastI dina' (IzvaranuM jJAna dharAvanAra dharma) hato. mULamAM A dharma ekezvaravAdI hato chatAM prajA ghaNI vAra anekezvaravAda tarapha paNa DhaLI jatI. vaLI te vakhate melI vidyAnuM sAmrAjaya paNa jAmyuM hatuM. loko jAdu, vahemamAM mAnatA. corI, lUMTaphATa, jhaghaDA, julama, sAmAnya banI gayA hatA. jarathostI gAthAmAM A paristhitinuM Alekhana che. AthI spaSTa thAya che ke adharmanA sAmrAjyano nAza karavA mATe jarathuSTa pavitra jarathostI dharma Apyo. aSo jarathuSTra H jIvana ane kAryaH jarathuSTranuM jIvana jANavA mATe pArasIonAM dharmazAstrono AdhAra laI zakAya : te mujaba pazcima IrAnanA mIDiyA prAMtanA darejI nadIne kAMThe AvelA ratha zaheramAM teo janmyA hatA. temanA pitAnuM nAma pauruzalpa ane mAtAnuM nAma dozvo hatuM. dharmazAstromAM jaNAvyA pramANe, temanA janma samaye pANI, jhADa ane pazuonI khuzAlI dvArA kudarate potAnI khuzAlI vyakta karI hatI. jarathuSTra vize evuM kahevAya che ke teo janma samaye raDavAne badale hasyA hatA. temanA janma vakhate temanI mAtAnA mastakanI AsapAsa teja jhabakatuM hatuM. A badhI camatkArika vAtonI jANa te samayanA rAjA durAsarUna ane tenA cAra bhAIone thaI. jAduvidyAnA jANakAra teoe A bALaka pratApI nIvaDaze ane tethI potAnI sattA jokhamAze e bhayathI jarathuSTrane mArI nAkhavA aneka prayatno karyA. gaLuM

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jarathostI dharma 147 dabAvIne, khaMjarathI mArIne, agnithI bALIne, Dhora nIce cagadAvIne ema aneka prayatnothI jarathuSTrane mAravAno yatna thayo paNa kRSNane mAravAnA kaMsanA prayatno jema niSphaLa gayA hatA tema durAsarUnanA prayatno paNa niSphaLa gayA, tema manAya che. pauruzaspe jarathuSTrane sAta varSanI uMmare bhaNavA mUkyA. teo uttama keLavaNI pAmyA. teo paMdara varSanA thayA tyAre temanA pitAe milakatanI je vaheMcaNI karavA mAMDelI temAMthI jarathuSTra mAtra kuztI (janoI, kamarabaMdha) ja lIdhI. AnaMdazaMkara dhruva Ano artha evo kare che ke jarathuSTra mAnavajAti pratye potAnI pharaja bajAvavA kamara kasI. jarathuSTra vIsa varSanA thayA tyAre temanA mulakamAM dukALa paDyo. temaNe te vakhate pazuo, vRddho tathA garIbone madada karI. tyArabAda jarathuSTra pahADa para ekAMta jIvana gujAravAnuM zarU karyuM. sAdo khorAka laI temaNe pahADa para daza varSa vitAvyAM ane ahuramajhada (paramAtmA)nuM jJAna meLavyuM. A Izvara-sAkSAtkAra daramiyAna jarathuSTra ahuramajhadane sRSTinA svarUpa ane manuSyanA kartavya saMbaMdhI keTalAMka prazno karyA. jarathuSTrane paNa pUchavAmAM AvyuM ke "tArI zI mahecchA che?" ane temaNe javAba Apyo ke "pavitra jiMdagI jIvIne vadhune vadhu pavitratA hAMsala karavAnI mArI mahecchA che." sAkSAtkAra pachI nivRttimaya jIvana jIvavAne badale jarathuSTa pavitratAno saMdeza phelAvavAnI pravRtti AdarI, kAraNa ke mAnavajAti pratyenI pharaja bajAvavA temaNe kamara kasI hatI. samAjamAM pAchA pharIne temaNe mithyA vrato, niyamo ne rivAjonI TIkA karI. pazuhatyAno virodha karyo. prAcIna dharmanAM sArAM pAsAMne jALavI khoTAMne rada karI navI vicAradhArA, navAM satyo je temane sAkSAtkAramAMthI sAMpaDyAM hatAM, temane upadezavA temaNe cheka sIstAna sudhI musApharI karI." temane to ghara, mahollA, gAma, deza ane pachI mukomAM dharma prasarAvavo hato. jarathuSTra vyavahAru buddhino upayoga karyo ane jo rAjakuTuMba potAno dharma svIkAre to e dharma jhaDapathI prajA svIkAre ema mAnI temaNe bakhanA rAjA gustAspa pAse javAnuM nakkI karyuM. daza varSe temane medyomA prathama ziSya maLelo. A uparAMta kUzorakAra ane jAmAspa paNa temanA ziSyo thayA hatA. rAjA gustAspano ghoDo mAMdo paDyo hato. jarathuSTra zarata mUkI jaNAvyuM ke "huM jo e ghoDAne sAjo karuM to rAjakuTuMbe huM je dharma upadezuM chuM teno svIkAra karavo." rAjAe e zarata svIkArI ane ghoDo sAjo thatAM rAjakuTuMbe A dharma aMgIkAra karyo. rAjAe svIkArelA dharmane prajA paNa jhaDapathI svIkAre e svAbhAvika che ane Ama A dharmano khUba prasAra thayo. IrAna ane turAnamAM A dharma jhaDapathI prasarI rahyo hato te aTakAvavA turAnanA rAjA ajANye yuddha jAhera karyuM. prathama laDAI vakhate IrAna jItyuM paNa bIjI vakhate IrAnanI hAra thaI. te samaye turabarAsura nAmanA duSTa mANase jarathuSTrane mAryA. AnaMdazaMkara dhruva kahe che ke, "A banAva jarathuSTra dharmopadeza ApavAnuM zarU karyA pachI 47me varSe, eTale jarathuSTranA 77mA varSe banyo."

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148 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo jarathostI dharmanAM zAstro : AnaMdazaMkara dhruva kahe che tema jarathostI dharmane lagatAM mULa pustako cAra bhASAmAM che : avatA, pahelavI, pAjaMda ane phArasI, temAM avatAnAM pustako sauthI jUnAM che. e pustako sAdhAraNa rIte "jaMda avastA'ne nAme oLakhAya che. jema vedanI keTalIka zAkhA naSTa thaI gayelI kahevAya che, tema avatAno paNa keTaloka bhAga nAza pAmelo kahevAya che. nAza pAmatAM rahelA apastAnA cAra bhAga che : 1. yajagne; 2. visparada; 3. vaMdIdAda; 4. khordeha avastA....8 1. yajagne? A 72 hA (prakaraNo)mAM lakhAyela sAhitya che. temAM ahuramajhadanI stuti che. ahuramajhadanA pratIka Ataza (agni), mAjhadasnI dIna, homa, AramAInI vagerenAM lakhANa che. AmAM ja "gAthA'no samAveza thAya che; jeno artha che "gAvuM'. gAthA jarathuSTra racita che. tethI atyaMta pavitra ane AdaraNIya gaNAya che. jema zrImad bhagavadgItA e mahAbhAratano eka bhAga che tema gAthA yazna (yajazna)nAM 72 prakaraNomAMno eka bhAga che. gAthAno anuvAda karavo e ghaNuM kaparuM kAma che ema kAvasajI kAMgA kahe che. chatAM e kaparuM kAma temaNe karyuM che. ""gAthA bA mAenI"ne nAme gAthAno gujarAtI anuvAda temaNe karyo che, jeno eka utAro joIe. ae mijalasanA sAhebo, sahuthI pahelAM huM duniyAnA be mIno vize jAhera karuM chuM, jemAMnA AbAdI karanAra mInoe A pramANe kahyuM - nathI ApaNA vicAro nathI ApaNI zikhAmaNo, nathI ApaNI akkala, nathI ApaNI rItabhAta, nathI ApaNAM kAmo, nathI ApaNAM aMtaHkaraNa ekabIjAne maLatAM AvatAM." 2. vIsparada: vispa (saMskRta : vizva) = saghaLAM ane ratu (saMskRta : Rtu) = Rtu parathI A zabda banyo che, jeno artha che, badhI 29tuone prasaMge bhaNavAnAM zAstro. A graMthamAM sadgurunuM varNana che. pavitratA, jJAna, taMdurastInA guNonAM khAsa vakhANa che. 3. vaMdadAdaH vaMdIdAdamAM daeva = daitya sAmenA kAyadAo che. pavitratA zAmAM che, dharmaguru kone gaNavA, zikSApAtra kone gaNavA vagerenA kAyadAonI carcA che. dhArmika, naitika ane sAmAjika niyamo paNa temAM jovA maLe che. 10

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jarathostI dharma 149 4. khordeha avasyA : A rojanI prArthanA mATe jemano upayoga thaI zake tevA maMtrono saMgraha che. Ama khordeha avastA e avastAno khurdo ke nAnA avasyA che. 11 tAttvika siddhAMto : pro. dAvara kahe che ke, "amAro dharma jeTalo nItipradhAna che teTalo tattvaciMtanapradhAna nathI. enAmAM philasUphI che paNa te hindu dhArmika philasUphI jeTalI UMDI nathI. amAro dharma sahelo, sAdo, vyavahAru che."12 Ama chatAM jarathostI dharmamAM nIcenA tAttvika siddhAMto spaSTa rIte svIkArAyA che. 1. ekezvaravAda : jarathostI dharma eka ja IzvaramAM mAne che, jene te ahuramajhadanA nAme oLakhAve che. majhada = jJAnI ane ahura = astitvano dAtA. Ama, ahuramajhada eTale "mahAjJAnI astitvano dAtA." gAthAmAM ahuramajhadanuM nIce mujabanuM varNana che. "ahuramajhada mahAjJAnI che. te potAnI vANIthI zabda zIkhave che. potAnA hAthe zubha-azubhane vaheMce che. svargIya duniyAmAM rahe che. te mAtra para nathI, aMtaryAmI paNa che. teNe vizva sajaryuM, prakAza sajaryo, voTumana (bhaluM mana), aramAItI (pavitratA), amaratAna (amaratA) saryo. te AkAzane paDatuM bacAve che. pANI ane vRkSone sarje che. manuSyane svataMtra buddhizakti Ape che."13 dastUra dholA jaNAve che ke ""gAthAmAM jarathuSTra jANIjoIne ja anya daivI tattvono ullekha nathI karyo. dAdura ahuramajhada sivAya bIjA koI Izvara nathI. e ja eno artha hovo joIe."14 2. karmano siddhAMtaH jarathostI dharma pravRttino puraskartA dharma che. A dharma mANasane bhAge AveluM karma AnaMda ane zubhakAmanAthI bajAvavA para bhAra mUke che. "satkarmonuM sAruM phaLa ane kharAba karmonuM kharAba phaLa' ema A dharma paNa mAne che. rojiMdA karmo to karavAnAM ja paNa pavitratA ane bhalAInAM karmo khAsa karavAnAM ema A dharma jaNAve che. manuSya karma karavAne svataMtra che ane tenAM svataMtra rIte karelAM karmo ja pariNAma mATe javAbadAra che. yagna 43-16mAM jarathuSTra spaSTapaNe jaNAvyuM che ke karma pramANenuM bhAvi Izvara nirmANa kare che. 3. jIvAtmAnI maraNottara avasthA : jarathostI dharmamAM punarjanmano khyAla ApavAmAM Avyo nathI paNa maraNottaraavasthAno khyAla ApavAmAM Avyo che. karma pramANe svarga ane narkano khyAla paNa A dharma Ape che. jeNe satkRtyo karyA che te svargIya (minoI) duniyAmAM jaze ane kharAba karma karanAra naraka (dojakha)mAM jaze ema A dharma mAne che.

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15) jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo A dharma pramANe svarga naraka kAyamanAM nathI. navasarjana thAya tyAM sudhI ja svarga naraka che. mahApApIne paNa ahuramajhade navasarjana vakhate pApamAMthI mukta karyo haze evI A dharmanI mAnyatA che. jarathuSTra dharmamAM svargamAM sukha ane narakamAM duHkhanA ullekho che paNa mRtyu pachI punaH zarIra dhAraNa karyA sivAya A sukha-du:khano anubhava jIvAtmA kevI rIte kare che tenI spaSTatA nathI. kadAca lupta thayelA keTalAka sAhityamAM eno khyAla hoya to paNa pAchaLathI pahelavImAM lakhAyelA sAhityamAM paNa eno ullekha nathI. pro. dAvara jaNAve che ke, "jarathustI dharma pramANenI jIvanamaraNanI philasUphInI racanA ja evI che ke te mujaba punarjanmane emAM sthAna hoI zake nahi. jaraUtI dharmazAstronA AdhArabhUta tarajumAo dhyAnathI vAMcatAM ja punarjanmano mahAna siddhAMta A dharmamAM nathI ja, evA anumAna para AvavuM paDe che."15 naitika siddhAMto : jarathostI dharmanA mukhya naitika siddhAMto nIce pramANe che : 1. pavitratAno siddhAMta : naitika siddhAMto vartanane lagatA siddhAMto che. koIka upadezaka satyane, koIka ahiMsAne, koI prAmANikatAne, koI jJAnane mahattva Ape che. pro. vADiyA jaNAve che ke sokreTise AtmAne oLakhavAno Adeza Apyo che, buddha tRSNAtyAgano, mahammada payagaMbare IzvaramAM zraddhA rAkhavAno tema jarathuSTra "tuM tArI jAtane pavitra banAva" evo upadeza Apyo. 16 jarathostI dharma kahe che, "je koI pavitra thavA mATe, zuddha vANI mATe, pavitra kArya mATe prArthanA kare che te svargane pAme che."17 pavitratAmAM "satyanA phALA aMge A dharme ghaNuM kahyuM che. satyano mArga grahaNa karavo uttama che, kAraNa ke tenAthI manuSyajagatanI AbAdI vadhe che. satya bolanArane bhaya hoto nathI. "e ja dAnata sauthI uttama che je duniyAmAM pavitratA vadhAre ane kArya ane vANInI satyatA icche." "puNya ane satya upakArI che ane je satya vAkyano prayoga kare che te paNa azo (pavitra) ane zreSTha che."19 pavitratA zubha vANI, zubha karma, zubha icchA, zubha hRdaya, dAnavRtti, namratA, akrodha, dhIraja, samabhAva vagerethI prApta thAya che, eTale ke ahuramajhadane game tevuM vartana karavAmAM ja pavitratA rahelI che. 20 pavitratA ane satya jyAM hoya tyAM AnaMda paNa hoya ja. jarathostI dharmanI e khAsiyata che ke te "AnaMdane atyaMta mahattvanuM sthAna Ape che. tenAM zAstromAM manuSyano AnaMda zAmAM rahelo che tenI khUba ja carcA che. jarathuSTra ahuramajhadane pUche che ke AnaMda zAmAM rahelo che ane ahuramabadane jaNAve che ke bhalAInA pratyeka kAryamAM

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jarathostI dharma 151 AnaMda rahelo che. sva arthe karelAM karmo karatAM anyane mATe karelAM karmomAMthI vadhAre AnaMda maLe che ema A dharma mAne che. jagatamAM pavitratAnI abhivRddhi thAya te mATe jarathostI dharma (1) manannI (suvicAra),(2) gavapnI (sArI vANI) ane (3) kunagnI (satkarmo) e traNa para khUba bhAra mUke che. "Izvarano japa, prArthanA karanAra vANI suMdara vANI che, upakAra e sAruM kAma che ane para-upakArano vicAra e sAro vicAra che."21 sArA vicAra karanArano sAthI chuM, kharAba vicAra karanArano nahIM, huM sAruM bolanArano sAthI chuM, kharAba bolanArano nahIM, huM sAruM kAma karanArano sAthI chuM, kharAba kAma karanArano nahIM."22 2. puruSArthano siddhAMta : A dharma puruSArthamAM mAne che. ahuramajhada jarathuSTrane kahe che, "he spItama jarathuSTra! je mANasa potAnA DAbA ane jamaNA hAthathI pRthvIne kheDe che tene pRthvI kahe che : "he manuSya ! tuM mane DAbA ane jamaNA hAthathI kheDe che mATe huM tane badhI ja jAtano khorAka ApIza. puSkaLa anAja pedA karIza." "23 pro. dAvara kahe che ke, "jarathustI dRSTi pramANe kAryo karavAM, niSkAma zreyanAM kAryo karavA ane jIvananA aMta sudhI prabhumaya jIvana gALatAM vRddhAvasthAmAM paNa bane tyAM sudhI zubha kAryo karye rAkhavAM."24 3. svacchatAno siddhAMta : jarathostI dharma svacchatAno AgrahI che. jema pavitra vicAro ane pavitra vANI tathA vartana dvArA svaccha nirmaLa cAritryano Agraha che tema zarIrazuddhi ane ghara, zerI, kUvA vagerenI zuddhino paNa Agraha A dharma rAkhe che. TUMkamAM je ApaNe upayogamAM laIe chIe te sarva vastuo zuddha hovI joIe, kAraNa ke asvaccha vastuono upayoga kare te manuSya pavitra nathI ema A dharma mAne che. AthI temAM nIcenI AjJAo ApavAmAM AvelI che : (1) "keTalIka nAza pAmelI vastuo jamIna para hoya che, tenI AsapAsa pharavuM nahIM."25 (2) "pANImAM hADakAM, vALa, marelAM jAnavara, carabI vagere nAMkhavA nahIM."26 (3) "gaMdA, aMdhArA kUvAnuM pANI vaparAzamAM levuM nahIM. Ama karanAra nItithI varte topaNa tene pApa lAge che."27

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152 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo svacchatAnA A Agrahane lIdhe ja pArasIo zabane dATatA ke bALatA nathI, mAMsAhArI pakSIone khAvA de che, kadAca svacchatA sAthe mRtyu pachI paNa paropakAra karavAno khyAla AmAM samAyelo che. saMkSepamAM, jarathostI nItino khyAla pro. dAvaranA zabdomAM joIe to, "amArA dharmamAM paheluM sthAna satyane maLe che. kaoNlakarAranuM pAlana, pAkadilI, nyAyabuddhi, prAmANikapaNuM, DahApaNa ne maryAdAzIlatAne paNa vakhANavAmAM AvyAM che. jyAre asatya, kAma, krodha, lobha, IrSA, abhimAna ane ALasano tiraskAra karavAmAM Avyo che. sukhanA vakhatamAM zAnti ane saMyama ane ApattinA samayamAM vairya ane saMpUrNa IzvapraNidhAna rAkhavAnuM pharamAvavAmAM AvyuM che. vaDIlo pratye mAna ane garIbo pratye prema rAkhavAno bodha ApavAmAM Avyo che.28 bhaktibhAvanA ane tenI abhivyakti: jarathostI dharmanAM pustako jotAM temAM Izvara, tenA guNo, tenA phiratAo, tenAM pratIko vagerenI stuti jovA maLe che. paramezvara sAtheno nikaTa saMbaMdha bhaktibhAvanAthI sthapAya che ane uttama bhakti uttama kAryo vinA nakAmI che athavA zakaya ja nathI ema A dharma mAne che. AthI ja, pazuhatyA, balidAna vagerethI karavAmAM AvatI Izvarastutine sthAne jarathuSTa pavitra mana, pavitra karma, pavitra vANI dvArA thatI stuti mahattvanI gaNI. bhakta pote kevI rIte vartaze ane kevI rIte nahIM varte te paNa jarathostI bhakta prArthanA vakhate ahuramajhadane jaNAve che. jemake, te saMgharSa, asatya vagerethI dUra raheze ane satkarma karaze. AvA zubha saMkalpa sAthe te paramAtmAnA mahimAnuM nIcenI rIte gAna kare che : o aSo ahuramajhada ! A samasta vizvamAM najare paDatA aSoInA kAyadAno pitA tArA sivAya koNa che ? A sUrya ane tArAone potapotAne mArge cAlavAnuM tArA sivAya koNe nImI ApyuM che? A candranA caLakATamAM tArA sivAya konAthI vadhaghaTa thAya che ? A pRthvIne tArA vinA koNe addhara TekavI rAkhI che? pavana ne vAdaLAM joDIne tene AvI rIte jhaDapathI UDatAM koNe karyA che? A jagatamAM jyAM joIe tyAM uttama DahApaNa dekhAya che te tAruM nahIM to konuM che? teja ane aMdhakAra, nidrA ane jAgRti racavAmAM tArI karAmata keTalI badhI che?"29 agni : jarathostI dharmamAM ahuramajhadanA pratIka agni(Ataza)nuM atyaMta mahattvanuM sthAna che. jarathostIo agni ane agnine kAraNe jemAM prakAza che tevAM sUrya jevAM

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jarathostI dharma 153 tattvonI nIcenI rIte prArthanA kare che : ahuramajhadanI tamAma cIjone pavitra karanAra Ataza tAruM ane anya tamAma AtazonuM huM ijana karuM chuM."30 "priya, sahuthI vadhu tejavALA astitvanA saradAra ahuramajhadanA Atazane huM yAda karuM chuM."31 ahuramajhadanI pavitratAno paricaya agni dvArA ApaNane pRthvI para ja thAya che. agni vastuone svaccha kare che. yajagnanA 62mA hA (prakaraNomAM ahuramajhade utpanna karela sarva cIjone pavitra karanAra, hiMmata ApanAra Ataza pAse sukha, dIrdhAyu, DahApaNa, zakti, AbAdI vagerenI mAgaNI karavAmAM AvI che. agninA uparyukta mahattvane kAraNe A dharmamAM agnimaMdironuM vizeSa mUlya che. agnimaMdiromAM agni prajvalita rAkhavAmAM Ave che. tenA para sugaMdhI dravyo chAMTavAmAM Ave che. jarathostIo potAnA gharamAM paNa Ataza-agni-ne prajvalita rAkhe che ane tenI pUjA kare che. ahIM prazna e che ke zuM pArasIo agnipUjaka che? A praznanA uttararUpe pro. dAvara kahe che ke, "ghaNI vAra koI mUrtine ja deva ke devI gaNavAmAM Ave che. agnine AvA arthamAM jarathostI dharmamAM svIkAravAmAM Avyo nathI. agni ahuramajhada nathI ahuramajhadanuM pratIka che."32 vairAgyabhAvanA : jarathostI dharmanI vairAgyabhAvanAnuM rUpa juduM che. gRhasthI rahIne paNa vairAgyavRtti keLavI zakAya ema A dharma mAne che. A dharma saMsAratyAganI viruddha che, paNa tyAgabhAvanAnI viruddha nathI. ahuramajhade jarathuSTrane kahyuM che ke, "he spItama jarathuSTra! je mANasa paraNelo che te apariNIta karatAM vadhAre sAro che. je gRhasthI che te gRha vinAnA karatAM vadhAre sAro che.33 Ano artha e ke A dharma lagnane saMyamI ane saMskArI karma gaNe che. gRhastha jIvanamAM pavitra karmo mATe taMdurastI Avazyaka che, tethI A dharma upavAsane mahattva Apato nathI; hAtha-paga cAle tyAM sudhI pravRtti karavI ja ema A dharma kahe che. ALasa e kharAba vartana to che ja paNa kharAba vicAra mATe mukhya kAraNa che. tethI pravRttimaya jIvana ja zreSTha che ema A dharma mAne che. vaLI saMnyAsIonI javAbadArI samAje uThAvavI paDe che e kAraNathI paNa A dharma saMnyastane anumodana Apato nathI. Ama, AsaktithI sabhara gRhasthI jIvana nahIM ane AsaktityAga mATe saMsAratyAga nahIM, paNa saMsAramAM rahIne ja AsaktityAga evI vairAgyabhAvanA A dharmamAM che.

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154 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo upasaMhAra : jarathostI dharmanA tAttvika, naitika, bhaktiparaka ane vairAgyane lagatA vicAro jotAM e spaSTa thAya che ke A dharma gUDha tattvajJAnane badale sarvajanasulabha evA pavitratAnA mArgano upadeza kare che. pavitratAnI vRddhi karanArAM satkarmone lagatI AjJAo pALavAthI mANasa A loka ane paralokamAM sukhI thAya che evI daDha zraddhAnA pAyA para A dharma racAyelo che. jarathostIzAstrono udghoSa che ke, ""he manuSyo ! A uttama AjJAo je mahAjJAnI khudAe ApI che te tame zIkho : ane duHkha tathA sukhanA A niyamo tamo dhyAnamAM rAkho ke bhUMDAone mATe lAMbu saMkaTa tathA aSo (pavitra)ne vAstu kharuM kalyANa nirmAyeluM che ane e ja kAyadA mujaba uttama sukha prApta thaI zakaze."34

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jarathostI dharma 1 55 saMdarbhasUci vy nilA ja. joSI, jarathuSTra darzana, pR. 3 2. tArAporavALA eca jahAMgIra sorAbajI, aSo jarathuSTa, pR. 4 AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 172 ejana, pR. 172 ejana, pR. 173 ejana, pR. 173 7. ejana, pR. 169 8. ejana, pR. 169-17) kA. e. kAMgA, gAthA bA mAenI, pR. 130 noMdha : A gujarAtI anuvAda 1895mAM thayelo che. 10. juo : kA. e. kAMgA (anuvAdaka), vaMdIdAda 11. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 170 12. phi. kA. dAvara, IrAnano cirAga, pR. 18 13. Azravata, nIraMga-I-dIna, pR. 35 14. dastUra bAlA, History of Zoroastrianism, P. 30 15. phi. kA. dAvara, jarathuSTra darzana, pR. 82-83. 16, juo : vADiyA, Message of Zoroaster 17. zrI nArAyaNa hemacaMdra (saMgrahakartA), jarathosta dharmanIti, pR. 25 18. ejana, pR. 26 19. ejana, pR. 26 (noMdha : phUTanoTa 17, 18, 19-nA saMdarbhanA gujarAtIno artha e ja che. bhASA Adhunika karIne mUkI che. mULamAM thoDoka ja pheraphAra karyo che.) 20. zrI nArAyaNa hemacaMdra (saMgrahakartA), jarathosta dharmanIti, pR. 10 21. ejana, pR. 24 22. ejana, pR. 34 23. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 186

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156 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 24. phi. kA. dAvara, jarathuSTra darzana, pR. 62 25. zrI nArAyaNa hemacaMdra (saMgrahakartA), jarathosta dharmanIti, pR. 34 26. ejana, pR. 34 27. ejana, pR. 34 28. phi. kA. zAvara, IrAnano cirAga, pR. 16 29. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 183-184 30. yajagna, hA 1 pha. 16-12 31. ejana, hA 13 pha. 4-2 32. phi. kA. zAvara, jarathuSTra darzana, pR. 98 33. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 186 34. ejana, pR. 185-186

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prakaraNa-10 yahUdI dharma - umezakumAra yAjJika 1. uddhava ane vikAsa ? bhASAnI dRSTie jagatanA lokonuM vargIkaraNa karatAM Aryo, semeTika, moMgoliyana ane nigro ema cAra prakAra paDe che. semeTika prajA mukhya traNa dharmo pALe che : yahUdI, khristI ane islAma. A traNa dharmomAM yahUdI dharma pelesTAIna ane tenI AjubAjunA pradezomAM vasatI semeTika jAtino purANo dharma che. pelesTAinanI AjubAjumAM rahetI e prajAne hibru agara yahUdI kahevAmAM Ave che. A prajAno dharma te yahUdI dharma. ijiptanA rAjAnA amAnuSI julamomAMthI yahUdIone choDAvIne payagaMbara mojhIjha temane pelesTAInamAM laI AvyA tyArathI pelesTAIna yahUdI dharmanI mAtRbhUmi ane jerusalema temanuM mukhya yAtrAdhAma banyuM. joke yahUdI prajA tenI mAtRbhUmimAM rahI tenA karatAM vadhAre samaya paradezamAM rakhaDatI-bhaDakatI hAlatamAM rahI che. A prajAe aneka prakAranI yAtanAo sahI che, tema chatAM dhArmika zraddhAnA baLe A prajA aneka jhaMjhAvAto sAme sadIo sudhI Takkara jhIlI zakI che. yahUdI loko judI judI ToLIomAM vasatA hatA. bedUIna lokonI mAphaka teo paNa bhaTakatuM jIvana gALatA hatA. pazupAlanano vyavasAya dharAvatI A ToLIo ghAsacArAnI zodhamAM pelesTAInamAM I.sa. pU. 1400 ane 1200nI AsapAsa UtarI AvI hoya te banavAjoga che. AvI aneka ToLIo hatI. AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI dhruva lakhe che : "vartamAna samayamAM je zodho thaI che tene pariNAme evuM jaNAyuM che ke emane vividha jAtonA vividha devo hatA ane anya prajAnI mAphaka yahUdI loko paNa eka vakhata judA judA devonI mUrtio pUjatA. asala teo AkAzanA jyotio-caMdrAdika-nI upAsanA karatA, bhUtapizAcAdikathI maMdavADa, mRtyu vagere thAya che ema mAnatA ane ene hAMkI kADhavA mATe jAdumanTano upayoga karatA. teomAM prANIpUjA ane pitRpUjA paNa

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158 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo hatI ane A ja kAraNathI amuka prANInuM mAMsa pavitra ane amukanuM apavitra, amukanuM khavAya ane amukanuM na khavAya ItyAdi vidhiniSedha pALavAmAM Avata." aneka devomAMnA mukhya devane "yahovAha kahevAmAM Ave che. yahovAhanuM mukhya sthAna "sinAI parvata upara che ane "sinano artha caMdra thAya che. AthI yahovAha caMdradeva haze ema mAnavAnuM vajUdavALuM lAge che. ApaNe joI gayAM ke yahUdI prajA pahelAM mAnatI hatI ke devo asaMkhya che, paraMtu te badhAmAM mukhya deva yahovAha che. paraMtu AgaLa jatAM yahovAha ekamAtra nityasat sanAtana prabhu che evI mAnyatA yahUdI dharmamAM daDha banI. Ama, aneka devavAdamAMthI ekezvaravAda uddhavyo. A dharmano koI Adya saMsthApaka nathI, paraMtu A dharmanA vikAsamAM aneka payagaMbaro ane saMtoe phALo Apelo che. yahUdI dharmamAM abrAhama, mojhIjha, emosa, hosiyA, isAIyAha, jerimiyAha, ejhekiyala vagere saMto thaI gayA che. khristI ane islAma dharma paNa AmAMnA keTalAkane potAnA payaMgabaro tarIke svIkAre che. yahUdI dharmanI dRSTie A badhAmAM mojhIjhanuM sthAna sauthI vadhAre mahattvanuM che. 1. payagaMbara abrAhama : bAIbalanA jUnA karAranA jenesisamAM abrAhamanA jIvana ane kArya aMgenI mAhitI maLI Ave che. Arabo ane yahUdIo baMne potAne abrAhamanA vaMzajo gaNe che. temaja yahUdI ane islAma baMne dharmamAM temanI gaNanA Adya payagaMbara tarIke thAya che. yahUdI ane khristI dharmamAM temane prabhunA mitra ane bhaktonA pitA' tarIke varNavavAmAM AvyA che. abrAhama potAnA mULa vatana ura' nAmanA pradezane choDIne pelesTAInamAM AvIne sthira thayA hatA. Izvare temanI AgaLa pragaTa thaIne temaNe kahyuM : "huM sarvazaktimAna prabhu chuM; tuM mArI AgaLa cAla ane paripUrNa thAya."3 abrAhama pote daDhapaNe mAnatA hatA ke prabhumAM mArI je zraddhA che tenAthI ja pRthvI uparanA asaMkhya mANasono huM netA thaIza ane AkhA jagatane sukhI karIza. A zraddhAnA baLe temaNe AgevAnI lIdhI ane lokone ekezvaravAdano upadeza Apyo. 2. mojhIjhanuM jIvana ane kArya : yahUdI dharmanA vikAsamAM payagaMbara mojhIjhano phALo eka dharmasthApaka jeTalo mahattvano hovAthI ApaNe temanA jIvana ane kAryano vistArathI paricaya meLavIe. ijiptamAM yahUdI prajA gulAmInI dazAmAM hatI. ijiziyano yahUdIo upara atyAcAra gujAratA hatA. ApaNe agAu joI gayAM chIe ke yahUdIone

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yahUdI dharma . 1pa9 potAno koI pradeza na hato. tethI A prajA jyAM jatI tyAM tene paradezI gaNavAmAM AvatI ane tenA upara trAsa gujAravAmAM Avato. ijiptamAM vaselA eka garIba kuTuMbamAM mojhIjhano janma thayo. ijiptanA rAjAe evo vaTahukama bahAra pADelo ke koI paNa yahUdIne tyAM putra janme to tene nadImAM pheMkI devo ane putrI janme to jIvatI rAkhavI ane uMmaralAyaka thatAM ijiziyana sAthe paraNAvI devI AvA saMyogomAM mojhIjhano janma thayo. mojhIjhanI mAtAe thoDA samaya sudhI potAnA putrane chupAvI rAkhyo, paraMtu Akhare pakaDAI javAnI bIke lAkaDAnI peTImAM bALakane mUkI, peTIne nadIkAMThAnA baruo vacce mUkI dIdhI. nadIe nAhavA gayela rAjakuMvarIe A peTI joI. temAMthI bALakanI laIne te mahelamAM AvI. bALakanA uchera mATe dhAva zodhI lAvavA rAjakuMvarIe dAsIne mokalI. A dAsI mojhIjhanI sagI bahena hatI. dhAva tarIke te mojhIjhanI mAtAne teDI lAvI. Ama, mojhIjhanI mAtAe ja stanapAna karAvI potAnA putrane ucheryo. rAjamahelamAM UcharanAra mojhIjha yuvAna thatAM prasaMgopAtta yahUdI gulAmonI sAthe bhaLavA lAgyo. yahUdIo pAsethI temane "bhaktonA pitA" ane "prabhunA mitra" abrAhamanI vAto sAMbhaLavA maLI. gulAmI dazAmAM sabaDatA yahUdI lokonI durdazA joIne mojhIjhanuM hRdaya UkaLI UThyuM. eka yahUdI gulAmane eka ijipziyana vinA vAMke mArI rahyo hato; te joIne mojhIjhane gusso caDyo. gussAmAM e ijipziyananuM khUna karI nAkhyuM. nAcIjha gulAma khAtara ijipziyananuM khUna karavuM e bhayaMkara guno hato. AthI mojhIjha ijipta choDIne raNapradezamAM cAlyA gayA. A ekAMtavAsa daramiyAna mojhIjhanA divaso ciMtana-mananamAM pasAra thavA lAgyA. tyAM teo eka varSa rahyA. A daramiyAna mojhIjhe lagna paNa karyA. yahUdI gulAmono uddhAra karavAno vicAra mojhIjhanA manamAM dhIre dhIre baLavAna banato jato hato. eka divasa mojhIjhane svapramAM yahovAhe-Izvare yahUdIono bacAva karavAnI AjJA karI. A pachI mojhIjhe yahUdIonA uddhArakAryane hAtha dharyuM. - saMta mojhIjha pharI ijipta gayA. ciMtana ane sAdhanAthI temanAmAM apAra manobaLa pragaTyuM hatuM. vaLI, IzvarI AdezamAM zraddhA hovAthI temaNe gulAmI dazAmAMthI yahUdI prajAno uddhAra karavAnuM bhagIratha kArya hAtha dharyuM ane temAM saphaLatA meLavI. yahUdI gulAmone svataMtra karIne potAnI sAthe laI javAnI saMta mojhIjhane chUTa maLI e kaMI nAnIsUnI vAta na hatI. saMta mojhIjhe yahUdIone vacana ApyuM : "huM tamane evA pradezamAM laI jaIza jyAM zAMti-samRddhi haze ane evo eka Izvara haze je tamArI badhI icchAo paripUrNa karaze." yardIone laIne mojhIjha AgaLa cAlyA. teo sinAI parvata

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160 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo pAse AvyA. yahUdIoe pUchyuM : "amane badhuM ApanAro Izvara kyAM che?" javAbamAM mojhIjhe temane sinAI parvata batAvyo. mojhIjha avAranavAra sinAI parvata para ciMtana ane sAdhanA karatA hatA. Akhare eka divasa emane Izvarano sAkSAtkAra thayo. e Izvare potAnI jAtane yahovAha tarIke oLakhAvI. potAne hAthe mojhIjhane dasa AjJAo lakhI ApI ane khAtarI ApI che ke tame sau A AjJAnuM pAlana karazo to huM jarUra tamArI rakSA karIza. A rIte Izvare - "yahovAhe yahUdI prajA sAthe karAra karyo. Ane jUno karAra - Old Testament ane yahovAhe ApelI dasa AjJAone Ten. Commandments kahevAmAM Ave che, je nIce pramANe che : 1. ijiptanA baMdIkhAnAmAMthI tane choDAvanAra huM tAro prabhu chuM. 2. mArA sivAya koIne paNa Izvara mAnIza nahi. 3. tAre khoTI rIte prabhunuM nAma levuM nahi. 4. aThavADiyAnA cha divasa tuM vyAvahArika udyama kara ane sAtamA vizrAMtinA divase Izvarabhajana kara. 5. tArAM mAtApitAnuM tuM mAna rAkha. 6. tuM khUna na kara. 7. tuM vyabhicAra na kara. 8. tuM corI na kara. 9. tuM tArA paDozI viruddha khoTI sAkSI na pUra. 10. tuM tArA paDozInI koI paNa vastuno lobha na rAkha. saMta mojhIjhane Izvarano sAkSAtkAra thatAM teo payagaMbara banyA. temaNe yahUdI prajAmAM dasa AjJAono upadeza ApavA mAMDyo. A upadezathI yahUdI prajAmAM dharma ane nItinI sAcI bhAvanA pragaTI. rakhaDatI, bhaTakatI ane gulAmI dazAmAM sabaDatI yahUdI prajAne nItipriya ane saMskArI banAvavAnuM mahAna kArya payagaMbara mojhIjhe karyuM. AthI temane prathama payagaMbara mAnavAmAM Ave che. jUnA karArarUpe rajU thayelI dasa AjJAomAM "ekezvaravAda' e pAyAno siddhAMta che. mUrtipUjAnA niSedha uparAMta mAnava mAnava vacce nyAyapUrNa ane nItimaya vyavahArano Adeza paNa A AjJAomAMthI maLI rahe che. abhaNa loko paNa potAnI dasa AMgaLIonA Terave gaNIne yAda rAkhI zake tevI A dasa AjJAo mAnavIne dhArmika ane naitika jIvana jIvato karavA mATe pUratI che. A dasa AjJAonuM mahattva samajAvatAM lUIsa brAuna lakhe che : ""saMkSiptatA, vyApakatA, prabhAvotpAdakatA ane tatkAlIna yugano vicAra karatAM ucca naitika cAritryanI daSTie tenI sAthe sarakhAmaNI karI zakAya evuM kAMI nathI." 3. yahUdI dharmanA anya saMto : A saMtone "prabhunI vANInA uddAtAo tarIke varNavavAmAM Ave che. dhArmika zithilatAmAM sarI paDelI yahUdI prajAmAM A saMtoe potAnI asarakAraka vANI dvArA navuM baLa preryuM che. temanA upadezano TUMka sAra nIce mujaba che :

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yahUdI dharma 161 1. saMta emosa : Izvarane bhautika bheTonI kazI paDI nathI. parvo ane utsavo, dhArmika meLAvaDAo, pazuonA balidAno, gIto ane vAjiMtro vagerethI Izvara prasanna thato nathI. Izvarane prasanna karavA mATe nyAyane pANInI peThe ane nekIne mahAnadInI peThe vahevA do. ISTane AvakAro, aniSTane dhikkAro ane tamAre daravAje nyAyanuM prasthApana karo. 2. saMta hosiyA : jo pApIo pazcAttApa karaze to Izvara temane kSamA Apaze. prabhu manuSyone cAhe che mATe manuSyoe paNa prabhuno prema saMpAdita karavA prayatnazIla rahevuM joIe. 3. saMta IsAIyAha : yahovAha samagra vizvano niyAmaka che. te phakta yahUdIono ja deva che tevuM nathI. pApakarma karanAra yahUdIone paNa te sajA karaze. IzvaranI devI yojanAmAM IzvarIya dayA ane prema pragaTa thAya che. prajAnAM pApo karatAM vyaktigata pApo vadhAre luSita che. "je pALe teno dharma' e nyAye dareka vyaktigata sadAcAra upara khAsa dhyAna ApavuM joIe. dharma e AMtarika bAbata che, temAM bAhya kriyAkAMDanI koI jarUra nathI. Izvara mAnavInA hRdayane pichANIne ane tene niyaMtrita karIne tenA karmaphaLa anusAra mArga sujhADe che.' 5. saMta ejhekiyalaH je karma kare che te pote ja tenuM phaLa bhogave che. prabhu pratye vaLanAra pApAtmAmAM Izvara navA hRdayano ane navI zaktino saMcAra kare che. uparokta saMtonA upadezathI yahUdI dharmamAM kramika rIte vikAsa thato gayo. TUMkamAM, dhArmika cetanAmAM sUkSma vicArasaraNI pravezI ane pariNAme bAhyAcArakaratAM hRdayanI bhakti ane pavitratA vadhAre mahattvanAM banyAM. vizvanA anya loko pratyenuM dRSTibiMdu badalAyuM ane samagra mAnavajAta tarapha bhrAtRbhAva keLavAyo. Ama, saMtonA upadezanA pariNAme yahUdI loko samajatA thayA ke yahovAha e mAtra yahUdIono ja nahi, paraMtu sarva prajAno deva che. jAti, deza ane kALanA pratibaMdhano Izvara vicAra karatA nathI. A sarvazaktimAna, sarvadaSTA, satyazIla, sarjaka, niyAmaka ane uddhAraka paramAtmA potAnA anucarone AjJA Ape che ke temaNe AtmAno bhoga ApIne temaja kaSTa sahana karIne paNa A preraka saMdezano pracAra karavo. 2. zAstro: yahUdI dharmanAM zAstro hibru bhASAmAM che. A dharmano mukhya graMtha jUno karAra che. A uparAMta miznara ane tAlamUda e be graMtho paNa mahattvanA che. A traNe graMthono paricaya meLavIe.

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162 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 1. jUno karAra (Old Testament) : jUnA karArane hibU bAIbala kahevAmAM Ave che. A hibru bAIbalamAM vedasAhityanI mAphaka aneka graMthono samAveza thAya che. hibrU bAIbalamAM kula covIsa graMtho che. jenA mukhyatve traNa vibhAga pADavAmAM Ave che : 1. niyamagraMtho, 2. saMtonA graMtho ane 3. lekho. A badhAM zAstro hibrU bhASAmAM che. mAtra DeniyalanuM aDadhuM pustaka, keTalAka sarakArI dastAvejo ane jerimiyAhano eka zloka-eTale ArmAika bhASAmAM racAyuM che. yadyapi dharmagraMthonuM vAcana mULabhASAmAM ja karavAno Agraha sevavAmAM Ave che. A samagra sAhitya khristI dharmanA Old Testament nA nAme pracalita che. jUnA karAramAM uparyukta graMthonI navI goThavaNI karIne tenA ogaNacAlIsa bhAga pADavAmAM AvyA che. niyamagraMthomAM jagatanI utpatti, Adama ane ivanI vArtA, yahUdIonA payagaMbaro, yahUdI dharmanI paraMparAo vagerenuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. A niyamagraMthone "torAha" paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. saMtonAM graMthomAM IsAIyAha, jerimiyAha, ejhakiyela vagere saMtonA upadezane graMthita karavAmAM Avyo che, jyAre chellA lekhomAM bhajano, kahevato, solomananuM gIta vagereno samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. - jUno karAra e mAtra kAyado ja nathI paraMtu temAM itihAsa, kAvya ane darzanano triveNI saMgama jovA maLe che. lagabhaga ekAda hajAra varSanI sAhityasAdhanAnA paripAkarUpe A dhArmika graMtha racAyo che. bhAvanAnAM uttamottama phaLa darzAvI, Izvarabhaktino apAra mahimA varNavatA A graMthamAMthI khristI dharmane ghaNI preraNA maLI che. 2. miznaha : A zabdano artha punarAvartana thAya che. I.sa. 220mAM racAI rahelA A graMthamAM yahUdI prajAmAM utsavo ane vrato, prArthanAo, kRSidhArAo, garIbonA adhikAro, strIo saMbaMdhI eTale ke lagna ane chUTAcheDAnA kAyadAo, dIvAnI ane phojadArI kAyadAo temaja kriyAkAMDanI jhINAmAM jhINI vigatonuM vistRta varNana che. lUIsa brAuna A graMthanA saMdarbhamAM kAyadAonuM saMpAdana karanArAonI buddhinI prazaMsA kare che. 10 3. tAlamUda: A graMthano mukhya viSaya kAyado che. jemAM kauTuMbika ane sAmAjika kAyadAono saMgraha che. A uparAMta, temAM yahovAhanI AjJAo, dhArmika nItiniyamo, rItarivAjo ane praNAlikAono saMgraha karavAmAM Avyo che. A graMthanI samApti pAMcamI sadImAM thaI. A daLadAra graMtha mukhya che vibhAgomAM ane tresaTha graMthomAM vaheMcAyelo che. pro.nosa lakhe che : "A graMthamAMthI preraNA meLavIne yahUdI prajA aneka jhaMjhAvAto ane ApattionI sAme makkamapaNe TakI zakI che."11

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yahUdI dharma 163 3. tAttvika siddhAMto : 1. IzvaranuM svarUpa ane teno jIva ane jagata sAtheno saMbaMdha ? yahUdI. dharmamAM parama tattvane yahovAha kahevAmAM Ave che. yahUdI dharmanA graMthone AdhAre yahovAhanA svarUpane nirUpavAno prayatna karIe.. jUnA karAranI dasa AjJAo paikI pahelI AjJAmAM ja yahUdI dharmano ekezvaravAda jovA maLe che. Izvara jagatano sarjaka che. Izvara sacarAcaramAM vase che. tArI hAjarImAMthI huM kyAM nAsI jAuM ? jo huM AkAzamAM caDhI jAuM to tuM tyAM che; jo huM zeolamAM mArI pathArI nAkhuM, to tyAM paNa tuM ja che."12 yahUdI dharmamAM Izvarano AkAra mANasanA jevo kalpavAmAM Avyo che. DeniyalanA pustakamAM siMhAsana para virAjamAna manuSyAkRtivALA IzvaranuM varNana maLI Ave che. 13 jagata sAthe Izvarano saMbaMdha sarjaka tarIkeno che te ApaNe upara joI gayAM. jIvo sAthe Izvarano saMbaMdha uddhAraka tarIkeno che.14 Izvara haMmezAM ApaNI rakSAmAM ja hoya che. gItazAstramAM gheTAMne cAranAra premALa bharavADanI sAthe IzvaranI tulanA karI che. yahovAha mAro pAlaka che tethI mane khoTa paDaze nahi. te lIlAM bIDamAM mane suvADe che. te zAMta pANInI pAse mane dorI jAya che. te mArA AtmAne tAjo kare che. potAnA nAmanI khAtara te mane nyAyIpaNAne mArge calAve che."15 uddhArakane yahUdI dharmamAM "masIAha' kahevAmAM Ave che. yahUdI dharmanI mesIAha aMgenI mAnyatA hindu dharmanI avatAravAdanI mAnyatAne maLatI Ave che. yahUdIo mAne che ke jyAre duHkho atyaMta vadhI paDaze tyAre "masIAha eTale ke eka daivI uddhAraka Avaze ane prajAne du:khamAMthI mukta karaze. A mAnyatAne lIdhe yahUdI prajA aneka prakAranAM rAjakIya ane kudaratI duHkhono hiMmatapUrvaka sAmano karI zakI, eTaluM ja nahi, temanA jIvanamAM vyavasthitatA ane sahanazIlatA AvI. 2. jIvanuM svarUpa, mANasanI maraNottara sthiti ane karmaphaLa H yahUdI dharmanI mAnyatAnusAra pRthvI, pANI, AkAza, vanaspati ane pazupaMkhIonI

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164 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo utpatti karyA pachI deve potAnA rUpane maLatA Ave tevA mANasane utpanna karyo. naranArI utpanna karyA. deve temane AzIrvAda dIdho ane kahyuM ke saphaLa thAo, ne vadho ne pRthvI bharapUra karo ne tene vaza karo. mANase potAnA sarjaka Izvara upara zraddhA rAkhIne tenI AjJAonuM daDhapaNe pAlana karavuM joIe tathA prabhucIMdhyA sadAcaraNanA mArge cAlavuM joIe. yahovAhe pote sinAI parvata upara mojhIjhane sAkSAt darzana daIne potAnuM svarUpa, potAnI icchA tathA yahUdI prajA sAtheno karAra emaNe jaNAvyo hato. karavAmAM Avato na hato. yahUdI prajA TakI raheze paraMtu vyaktigata mANaso mRtyu pAmatA naSTa thaI jAya che evuM darzAvatA ullekho hibrU bAIbalamAM maLI rahe che. jema ke "marelA jIvaze nahi; mota pAmelAo pharI UThaze nahi."16 "maraNAvasthAmAM tAruM smaraNa thatuM nathI."17 paraMtu tAlamUdamAM temaja pAchaLathI lakhAyelA anya graMthomAM svIkArAvA lAgyuM ke mANasa kabaramAM jaLavAI rahe che ane eka divasa evo Avaze ke jyAre maDadAMo beThAM thaze.18 tAlamUdanuM eka avataraNa juo : "puNyazALI jIvo pozAka sAthe (kabaramAMthI) UThaze, kAraNa ke jamInamAM vAvelo eka khullo ghauMno dANo aneka pozAka paherIne bahAra nIkaLe che to lUgaDAMthI DhAMkeluM puNyazALInuM zarIra saghaLo pozAka paherIne UbhuM thAya temAM zuM Azcarya ?"19 1896mAM amerikAmAM yahUdI dharmaguruoe eka pariSada bolAvIne yahUdI dharmanA siddhAMto nakkI karyA hatA. temAM "AtmA amara che ane "pApa-puNyano badalo maLe che e baMne siddhAMtono samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. tAlamUdamAM kahevAyuM che ke vaDIlone mAna ApavuM, dayAnAM kAryo karavAM, zAMtino phelAvo karavo ane savizeSa to pavitra graMthono svAdhyAya karavo vagere evAM sukRtyo che ke jenA badalArUpa vyAja mANasa potAnA jIvanakALa daramiyAna meLave che ane tenuM muddala mRtyu pachI prApta kare che.20 Ama, yahUdI dharmamAM AtmAnA amaratvano siddhAMta pAchaLathI svIkAravAmAM Avelo che. paraMtu temAM punarjanmanA siddhAMtano svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo nathI. yahUdI dharma karmano siddhAMta mAnya rAkhe che. karmanAM phaLa mANase potAnA jIvana daramiyAna athavA mRtyu pachI paNa bhogavavAM paDe che. mokSanA svarUpa aMgenI vizada vicArasaraNI hibrU bAIbalamAM jovA maLatI nathI, paraMtu mAnavajIvananuM aMtima dhyeya prabhu-prasannatA prApta karavAnuM jaNAI Ave che. A dhyeya prApta karavA mATenAM sAdhano tarIke bhalamanasAI, dayA, prema, udAratA vagere gaNavAmAM Ave che.

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yahUdI dharma 165 mArI jiMdagInA sarva divaso paryata bhalAI tathA dayA mArI sAthe Avaze ja ane huM sadAkALa sudhI yahovAhanA gharamAM rahIza."21 4. naitika siddhAMto : hibrU bAIbalamAM "mojhIjha'nA pAMca graMtho temaja saMtonI vANI ane anya lekhomAM naitika ane sAmAjika niyamo temaja pApapuNyanA khyAlanuM varNana maLI Ave che. dasa AjJAomAM ApaNe joyuM tema yahUdI dharmanA keTalAka niyamo niSedhAtmaka svarUpanA che. jema ke corI na kara, khUna na kara, vyabhicAra na kara vagere. paraMtu moTA bhAganA niyamo vidhAyaka svarUpanA che. A vidhAyaka niyamo dvArA vyaktinA aMgata jIvananuM, tenI milakatanuM, sAmAjika vartaNUkanuM niyamana thAya che, eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu rAjaya ane dharma pratyenI pharajono khyAla Ave che.' * yahUdI dharmamAM A niyamo dhArmika AdezarUpe apanAvavAmAM Ave che. kema ke Izvare mAnavane rAjya karavA mATe premapUrvaka deza Apelo che. A sAthe sAthe Izvare niyamo paNa ApelA che. A IzvarI kAyadAonA mULamAM DahApaNa, satya, nyAya ane samAnatA jevA mULabhUta naitika niyamo rahelA che. mAnavajAtanA naitika vikAsamAM yahUdI dharmanI dasa AjJAo sImAstaMbharUpa che. pazcimanI duniyAe yahUdI koma ane yahUdI graMthomAMthI naitika preraNA meLavI che. 23 A dasa AjJAo uparAMtano yahUdI dharmano upadeza nIce pramANe che : jyAre laNaNIno samaya Ave tyAre tArA khetarano badho pAka tuM ekalo laNI na le, paraMtu garIbo ane vaTemArguone sAruM paNa kaMIka rahevA de. 24 kyAreya paNa ghaMTI ke ghaMTInuM upaluM paDa ghareNe na le, kema ke ema karavAthI tuM mANasanI AjIvikAnuM sAdhana jhUMTavI le che."25 koI paNa garIba majUra para tuM julama na kara; tenI majUrI kadI bAkI na rAkha. kema ke teno badho AdhAra tenA para ja che. rakhene te yahovAhanI AgaLa tArI viruddha pokAra kare ne ema tuM doSita Thare." paradezIne ke anAthane tuM anyAya na kara temaja vidhavAnuM vastra dharaNe na rAkha; paNa yAda rAkha ke misaramAM tuM paNa dAsa hato, ane tArA deva yahovAhe tane tyAMthI chUTo karyo, e mATe huM tane A AjJA pALavAnuM pharamAvuM chuM." je vartanane tame dhikkAratA ho te vartana tame anya pratye kadI na Acaro."26 "ApaNAM makAnomAM dara karIne ke mALo bAMdhIne rahelAM nirAdhAra jIvajaMtuone mAravAnI ApaNane manAI che."27

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166 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo naitika saguNo H uparanAM avataraNonA abhyAsa parathI spaSTa thaze ke, prAmANikatA, udAratA, dayA, paropakAra, bhalamanasAI, nyAyIpaNuM vagere naitika sadgaNonA AcaraNa upara anya dharmonI peThe yahUdI dharma paNa khAsa bhAra mUke che. yahovAhane anaitika AcaraNa bilakula pasaMda nathI. te A sAta bAbatone dhikkAre che : "garviSTha AMkho; jUThAbolI jIbha; nirdoSanuM lohI vahevaDAvanAra hAtha; dukha taraMgo racanAra hRdaya; nukasAna karavA mATe doDatA paga; asatya uccAranAra jUTho sAkSI ane bhAIomAM kusaMpanuM bIja vAvanAra."28 . jema hAthInA pagalAMmAM anya sarva prANIonAM pagalAM samAI jAya tema DahApaNa" e eka evo sadgaNo che ke anya sarva saNono uddhava ane anusaraNa tenA para avalaMbe che. anItinA lapasaNA mArge sarI paDatI vyaktine hAka mArIne pAchI vALavAnuM kArya DahApaNa ke jJAna kare che. 5. bhaktibhAvanA : 1. bhaktibhAvanAnuM svarUpaH Izvara pratyeno ananya sneha eTale bhakti. A saMdarbhamAM joIe to yahUdIo pativratA strInI peThe ekamAtra yahovAhane ja cAhe che. temanI AjJAnuM pAlana karIne temane prasanna karavA pravRtta rahe che. yahovAha temanA bhaktanI parIkSA kare che. potAnA paranI tenI zraddhAne kasoTInI sarANe caDhAve che. jyAre te parIkSAmAMthI hemakhema pAra Utare che tyAre yahovAha tenI saMmukha pragaTa thaIne tenA para kRpA varasAve che. 2. bhaktibhAvanAnI abhivyakti dharmaniSTha yahUdInA koI paNa divasano AraMbha nIcenI prArthanAthI thAya che : "tArA paDozIne tuM tArI jAta jeTalo ja cAhIza e Adezane paripUrNa karavAnI mArI javAbadArIno huM svIkAra karuM chuM." rAte nidrAdhIna thatAM pahelAM yahUdIo nIce pramANe prArthanA gAya che : huM UMghI jAuM tyAra pahelAM ane huM jANuM tyAM sudhI huM mAro AtmA te IzvaranI hatheLImAM mUkuM chuM ane mAruM zarIra mArAthI vikhUTuM paDI jAya che. huM nirbhaya zAntithI prabhumAM vizrAMti lauM chuM."29 rojanI prArthanA uparAMta dara aThavADiye eka divasa vizrAMtivAra manAvavAmAM Ave che tene sebetha kahe che. yahovAhe ApelI dasa AjJAo paikInI ekamAM cha divasa kAma karyA pachI eka divasa vizrAMti levAnuM pharamAna karavAmAM AveluM che. zukravAranI sAMjathI zanivAranI sAMja sudhInA A samayane pavitra mAnavAmAM Ave che. A samaya daramiyAna khetI vagere vyAvahArika udyama na karatAM

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yahUdI dharma 167 prArthanA, pUjA ane dhArmika upadeza sAMbhaLavAmAM samaya pasAra karavAmAM Ave che. sAMsArika vyAvasAyamAMthI mukti meLavI mANasa aThavADiye eka divasa IzvarAbhimukha banI zake ane pazuo tathA gulAmone eka divasa ArAma maLI rahe evA bevaDA zubhAzayathI A AjJA karavAmAM Avela che. A uparAMta, paisovara, penTIkosTa, rozasAnA vagere utsavo dvArA paNa yahUdIo potAnI bhaktibhAvanA pragaTa kare che. 6. vairAgyabhAvanA : 1. vairAgyabhAvanAnuM svarUpa : saMsArano tyAga karIne saMnyAsa grahaNa karavAnI bhAvanA yahUdI dharmamAM jovA maLatI nathI. jerusalemanA maMdirano nAza thayA pachI IjharAyalamAM sAdhuo vadhI paDyA hatA tyAre rabI jozuAe te sAdhuo 2. vairAgyabhAvanAnI abhivyakti : Ama, yahUdI dharmamAM kaDaka tyAgavRttine anumodana ApavAmAM AvatuM nathI. paraMtu yahUdI dharmamAM vairAgyabhAvanA pragaTa karatA ullekho kavacita maLI rahe che kharA; dA.ta., 1. gebirola kahe che ke nAzavaMta evA zarIranuM abhimAna ke moha zA mANasamAM aneka prakAranAM dUSaNone dAkhala kare che teo lakhe che ke mANasone jo sArAM sArAM manabhAvatAM bhojana karavAnI Teva paDe che to tene meLavavA mATe mANasa aprAmANikatA Acare che. lobhI bane che. jUThuM bole che ane bIjuM zuM zuM nathI karato? jo mANasa viSayasukhathI vRttine pAchI vALe to dharmanA nItimaya mArge AgaLa vadhI zake. upasaMhAra : yahUdI dharmano upadeza amuka deza ke kALa mATe ja baMdhabesato hato tevuM nathI. paraMtu te upadeza sarva dezanA mANasone haMmeza mATe upayogI nIvaDe tevo che. tAlamUdanA eka paricchedamAM eka rabIe yahUdI dharmanA upadezano upasaMhAra karatAM nIce darzAvyA pramANe lakhyuM che. sinAI parvata upara mojhIjhane kula 613 AjJAo pharamAvavAmAM AvI hatI. gItazAstranA 15mA bhajanamAM tene TUMkAvIne agiyAra karavAmAM AvI. IsAIyAha tene hajI TUMkAve che, ane mikAha tene ghaTADIne TUMkamAM A rIte mUke che : "nyAyane anusaro, dayAne cAho ane Izvarane namratApUrvaka anusaro !" habAkakuka A traNane TUMkAvIne phakta eka ja vidhAnamAM rajU kare che : "sadAcaraNI

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168 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo potAnI zraddhAnA baLe jIve che." Ama, ahIM Izvara paranI zraddhAne keTaluM mahattva apAyuM che te joI zakAya che."33 Ama, ApaNe joIe chIe ke Izvara paranI zraddhA e dharmano pAyo che. semeTika prajA mATe e pAyo pUravAnuM kArya yahUdI dharma karyuM che. vaLI, yahUdI dharme khristI temaja islAma dharma mATe pUrvabhUmikA pUrI pADI che.

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yahUdI dharma 169 saMdarbhasUci che pas 1. W. H. Weech, History of the World, P. 82-83 2. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 188-89. pavitrazAstra (hiMda ane laMkAnI bAIbala sosAyaTI, beMglora) utpatti 17:1 8. Lewis Browne, Wisdom of Israel, P.26 5. A. c. Bouquet, comparative Religion, p. 216. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 198 J. B. Noss, Man's Religions, P. 428 C. John Skinner, Prophecy and Religion, P. 204 E. 1. 1. Mattuck, The Thought of the Prophets, P. CC and 299 90. Lewis Brown (Quoted by J. B. Noss, Man's Religions, P. 46C) A History of the Jews, P. 48 11. J. B. Noss, Man's Religions, P. pa7) che 139:7-10. 93. Cronbach, Judaism for Today, P. 26. 14. pavitrazAstra, gItazAstra 19 : 14 pavitrazAstra, gItazAstra 23 : 1-3 16. pavitrazAstra, yazAyAha 26 : 14 17. pavitrazAstra, gItazAstra 6 : 5 96. Cronbach, Judaism for Today, P. 999 19. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 198 20. Cronbach, Judaism for Today, P. 929 21. pavitrazAstra, gItazAstra 23 : 6 22. E. J. Jurji, The Great Religions of the Modern World, P. 242.

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17) jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 23. S. K. George, The Story of the Bible, P. 26. 24. pavitrazAstra, levIya 19 : 9 25. pavitrazAstra, punarniyama, 24 : 6 26. Lewis Browne, Wisdom of Israel, P. 904 27. ejana, pR. 139. 28. pavitrazAstra, nItivacano 8 : 4-36, 26. E. J. Jurji, The Great Religions of the Modern World, P. 202. 30. Lewis Browne, Wisdom of Israel, P. 238 31. ejana, pR. 269 32. ejana, pR. 422 33. E. Levine, Judaism, P. 93.

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prakaraNa-11 khristI dharma - umezakumAra yAjJika 1. udabhava ane vikAsa sAMskRtika saMdarbhamAM dharmanuM prANatattva spaSTa karato sAmAnya paricaya joIe. A dharmanuM nAma tenA sthApaka Isu khristanA nAma parathI paDeluM che. "khrista eTale tAranAra ane khristI eTale vizvAsI, uddhAraka IsunA upadezamAM vizvAsa dharAvanArAo khristIo kahevAya che. khristI dharme Izvaraprema, IzvarakRpA ane mAnavaprema jevA ucca AdarzonuM pratipAdana karI jagatamAM potAnuM anokhuM sthAna prApta karyuM che. Isu khristanA jIvana ane kAryano paricaya meLavatAM pahelAM keTalIka aitihAsika pUrvabhUmikA jANavI upakAraka thaI paDaze, kemake e bhUmikAnA saMdarbhamAM ja Isu khristanA kAryanI yogya mulavaNI thaI zake. yahUdI dharmanA abhyAsa vakhate ApaNe joI gayAM chIe ke yahUdI dharmanA sthApaka mojhIjha ane anya saMtapuruSoe yahUdI prajAnA utkarSa mATe ghaNA sArA siddhAMto ApyA hatA : "Izvara eka ane advitIya che. mAnava tenuM pratibiMba che. AtmA amara che. pratyekane potAnA pApa ane puNyano badalo maLe che." AvA sArA siddhAMto kALakrame visAre paDyA ane yahUdI dharmamAM pherisI, sevsI vagere peTApaMtho uddhavyA. IsunA janma samaye pherisIono prabhAva vadhAre hato. A paMthanA anuyAyIo rUDhivAdI hovAthI teo jaDa karmakAMDIo banI beThA hatA. bAhyAcAra ane ADaMbarane ja dharmanuM sAcuM svarUpa samajavA lAgyA hatA. jerusalemamAM Avela yahUdIonA mukhya devaLamAM pUjA karavAno tathA balidAna caDAvavAno adhikAra amuka pUjArI vargano ja hato. A pUjArIonA pUjAnA vArA bAMdhelA hatA. pUjArIomAMthI eka mahApUjArIne cUMTI kADhavAmAM Avato hato. A pUjArIo uparAMta bIjo eka zAstrIone ke AcAryono varga paNa hato. AcAryono A varga dharma ane AcAranI bAbatamAM nirNaya Apato. pUjArIo ane AcAryonA nirNayonuM lokoe pharajiyAta

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172 : jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo pAlana karavuM paDatuM. mAtra bAhya ADaMbarane poSavA mATe A svArthasAdhu pUjArIo ane AcAryoe dhArmikatAnA nAme adharmanI mahAjALa phelAvI hatI. temanA anuyAyIomAM paNa svArtha, daMbha, pAkhaMDa, duSTatA vagere aniSToe ghara ghAlyuM hatuM. Ama to joke romana sAmrAjyanI ANa pelesTAInamAM paNa pravartatI hatI ane romana sAmrAjyano eka adhikArI tyAMno vahIvaTa karavA Avyo hato. paraMtu tema chatAM yahUdIonA je kAMI dhArmika, sAmAjika ke rAjakIya hakko bAkI rahyA hatA te ekotera jaNAnI eka sabhAne soMpAyelA hatA. A ekotarI sabhAmAM mahApUjArI, pUjArI, zAstrIo ane bIjA keTalAka vidvAna yahUdIone besavAno adhikAra hato. pelesTAInamAM heroda yahUdIono mAtra nAmano rAjA hato. romana sUbo pAyaleTa ane rAjA heroda baMne ekoterI sabhAthI dabAtA rahetA hatA. daMbhI dharmaguruo aMgata svArthanuM poSaNa karatA hatA, dharmanA nAme aneka dhatiMgo cAlatAM hatAM. jerusalemanA maMdirano durupayoga karavAmAM Avato hato. A aniSTothI prajA trAsI gaI hatI ane mesIAhanI bhAvanA anusAra zraddhAthI temaja AturatApUrvaka koI uddhArakanI rAha jotI hatI. AvI kaTokaTInI paLe yahUdI prajAno uddhAra karavA mATe be saMtono prAdurbhAva thayo : jahaoNna bepTisTa ane Isu khrista. jhaoNna bepTisTa : IsunA janma pahelAM jahaoNna bepTisTano janma jhakhAriyA ane elijhAbetha nAmanAM garIba daMpatIne tyAM thayo hato. jahona bepTisTe lAMbA samaya sudhI ekAntavAsa sevIne tapazcaryA karI. teo pozAkanI bAbatamAM aSo jarathuSTrane maLatA Ave che. UMTanA vALamAMthI banAvelI moTI kaphanI ane kamara upara cAmaDAno kamarapaTTo temano pozAka hato. trIsa varSanI uMmare temaNe upadeza ApavAnuM zarU karyuM. te potAnA ziSyone jorDana nadImAM snAna karAvI snAnasaMskAra ApatA. AthI emane dIkSA ApanAra jahaoNna (jahona dhI beTeisTa) paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. temanI sAdAI ane pavitratAthI AkarSAIne ghaNA loko temano upadeza sAMbhaLavA ekaThA thatA ane keTalAka temanuM ziSyatva svIkAratA. mahAtmA Isue paNa jahona pAse snAnasaMskAra laIne temanuM ziSyatva svIkAreluM. jahaoNnanA upadezano mukhya sAra A pramANe hato: ""jIvana badalavAno samaya AvI pahoMcyo che. dharmarAjyanI sthApanAno samaya pAkI gayo che. AthI kuLa, jAti ane pAMDityanuM abhimAna choDIne cittabuddhi keLavavI, premabhAva rAkhavo, pApa mATe anutApa karavo, koI samartha puruSa AvavAno che ke jenAM pagarakhAnI dorI choDavAne paNa huM lAyaka nathI, jenI pAse be khamIsa hoya temaNe jenI pAse na hoya tene ApavuM. vadhArAno khorAka hoya te bhUkhyAne Apavo." yahUdI loko jahonane uddhAraka mAnavA lAgyA te dharmaguruothI sahana thayuM nahi. AthI teo jahaoNnano dveSa karavA lAgyA. yahUdIomAM bhAbhI sAthe punarvivAha

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khristI dharma 173 karavAno niSedha hovA chatAM rAjA herode potAnA bhAInI vidhavA sAthe lagna karyuM hatuM. eka vakhata herode jahaoNnane teDAvIne A lagna bAbatamAM temano abhiprAya pUkyo. jahaoNna to spaSTavaktA hatA. temaNe rAjAnA kRtyane vakhoDI kADhayuM. AthI temane jelamAM pUryA ane AgaLa jatAM rANInI caDhavaNIthI temano ziraccheda karAvyo. Ama, A saMtapuruSanA jIvanano karuNa aMta Avyo. 2. Isu khristanuM jIvana ane kArya : IsunA jIvana vizenI AdhArabhUta mAhitIno abhAva hovAthI temanAM vividha jIvanacaritromAM ekasUtratA jaLavAtI nathI. Isuno janma bethalehema nAmanA gAmamAM Disembara mahinAnI 25mI tArIkhe madharAte thayo hato ema manAya che. (IsunI yAdagIrImAM IsavIsanano AraMbha thayo che.) IsunAM mAtAnuM nAma merI ane pitAnuM nAma yosepha hatuM. temanA pitA suthAra hatA. Isu vize janma pachInAM bAra varSa sudhI kaMI mAhitI maLatI nathI. bAra varSanA Isu temanAM mAtA-pitA sAthe jerusalemanA maMdiramAM pesovaranA utsava prasaMge gayA hatA ane pUjArIo sAthe keTalIka dhArmika carcAo karI hatI. Ano artha e thayo ke Isune nAnapaNathI ja dhArmika bAbatamAM rasa hato. A prasaMga pachI lagabhaga aDhAra varSa sudhInI koI mAhitI maLatI nathI. trIjA varSanI uMmare Isue jahonanA hAthe dIkSA grahaNa karyAno ullekha maLI Ave che. jahonanA upadezanuM agAu ApaNe nirUpaNa karI gayAM chIe. Isu jahonanA upadezathI khUba ja prabhAvita thayA hatA. mahAtmA jahone jorDana nadImAM Isune snAna karAvI dIkSA ApI. jahonanA upadezanuM manana karatAM karatAM teoe cAlIsa divasa sudhI pAsenA jaMgalamAM anazanavrata laIne eka Asane besIne tapazcaryA karI. jevI rIte gautama buddhanI tapazcaryA daramiyAna aMtaHzatruoe temanI AkarI kasoTI karI hatI te rIte Isu khristane paNa aneka prakAranAM dunyavI pralobhanoe dhasI AvI calita karavA prayAsa karyo hato. paraMtu Isu khrista A pralobhanomAM phasAyA nahi. AnA pariNAme emane dharmatattvano bodha thayo ane khAtarI thaI ke jahona bepTisTanI bhaviSyavANIne samartha puruSa pote ja che. temane potAnI lAgavA mAMDyuM ke pote yahUdIonA "mesIAha' che. Isue jahaoNnanI mAphaka jAherAta karI : ""prabhunuM sAmrAjya khUba najIkanA samayamAM AvI rahyuM che tethI potAnAM pApa mATe anutApa karo. prabhu pitA che. te sarvane mAphI Apaze." yahUdI prajAno mULa dharma hato tenA para aMdhazraddhA ane aMdhakAranAM paDa caDI gayAM hatAM. tene dUra karavAno Isue prayAsa karyo. pUjArIo ane AcAryoe dharmane nAme je aniSTone popyAM hatAM teno Isue pratikAra karyo. aMdhazraddhA, vahema ane karmajaDatAne dUra karavA temaNe kamara kasI. "mAnavasevA e

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174 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo prabhusevA che" ane "je mAnavane cAhe che tene ja Izvara cAhe che. A sUtrone Isue jIvanamaMtra banAvyAM. Isu haMmezAM rogI, anAtha, garIba ane pIDitonI sevA karavA mATe tatpara rahetA. Isu sAdI, saraLa bodhAtmaka vArtAo ane daSTAMto dvArA lokone sadAcArapUrNa dhArmika jIvana jIvavAno upadeza ApatA hatA. IsunAM vANI, vartana ane vicAramAM paropakAra ane niSkAmabhAvanA hovAthI temanA anuyAyIonI saMkhyA ekadama vadhavA lAgI. keTalIka vAra to janasamudAya eTalo badho vadhI jato ke temane TekarI upara caDIne upadeza Apavo paDato. Isue TekarI uparathI ApelA upadezavacanone "giripravacano' kahevAmAM Ave che. A pravacanomAM samagra khristI dharmano nicoDa AvI jAya che. giripravacanamAM Isu khrista yahUdI dharmanI daza AjJAonA anusaMdhAnamAM ja navI AjJAo ApI che. Isue ApelI A AjJAone "navo karAra" paNa kahe che. giripravacanano sArasaMkSepa ApaNe khristI dharmanA naitika siddhAMtonuM nirUpaNa karatI vakhate joIzuM. zarUAtamAM Isue yahUdiyA tAlukAmAM upadeza karavA mAMDyo. A upadezathI yahUdIomAM navajIvana pragaTyuM. Isu yahUdIonA karmakAMDanI bahu ciMtA rAkhatA nahi. vidhi pramANe rojA rAkhavA, sebetha - vizrAMtivAra rAkhavo vagere bAbatomAM teo niyamabhaMga karatA. vaLI, karmacaMDa pherisIo pratye Isu phiTakArabharI bhASA vAparatA. AthI pherisIo, zAstrIo ane pUjArIo Isu upara vadhAre ne vadhAre roSe bharAtA gayA. Isa potAnA vatanamAM gayA. paNa tyAM koIe temanI vAta kAne dharI nahIM. kAla savArano A chokaro amane zo upadeza Ape ? ema kahIne temane gAma bahAra kADhI mUkyA. "payagaMbarane badhe ja sanmAna maLe che, maLatuM nathI mAtra potAnA vatanamAM, sagAMvahAlAM ke kuTuMbamAM 6 ema vicArIne Isu keparanAuma gayA. tyAMthI pasovaranuM parva AvatAM pharI jerusalema gayA. tyAM temaNe vizrAMtine divase eka bImAra mANasane sAjo karI tene potAno khATalo UMcakI ghera javA kahyuM. dharmaguruoe A bAbatane AgaLa karIne kahevA mAMDyuM: "Isu upavAsa karato nathI. vizrAMtivArane divase paNa kAma kare che. te yahudI-kAyadAonuM pAlana karato nathI." Ama, dharmaguruo Isune rAjadrohI, baMDakhora ane dharmadrohI kahIne tenI niMdA karavA lAgyA. IsunA bAra ziSyo hatA. temAM eka juDAsa nAmano ziSya hato. te IsunI vadhatI jatI lokapriyatAne lIdhe IrSyAthI baLato hato. Isuno A ziSya juDAsa pUjArI varganI sAthe bhaLI gayo ane Isune pakaDavAnA kAvatarAmAM sAmela thayo. Isu potAne yahUdIono rAjA kahevaDAve che ema kahIne dharmaguruoe tyAMnA rAjA herodane bhaMbheraNI karI. jemanA hAthamAM dhArmika, rAjakIya ane sAmAjika sattA hatI tevI AkhI ekoterI sabhAnA sabhyo paNa IsunI

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khristI dharma . 175 viruddhamAM kAma karavA lAgyA. game te bhoge teo Isune gunegAra TharAvIne temanuM kAsaLa kADhI nAkhavA mAgatA hatA. eka samaye Isu "chelluM bhojana' karIne jerusalema bahAra oNlivanI TekarI upara prArthanA karavA lAgyA. tyAM rAtre juDAsa hathiyArabaddha TukaDI sAthe Avyo ane Isune pakaDAvI dIdhA. IsunA bIjA aMtevAsIo nAsI chUTyA. Isune pakaDIne sipAIo mahApUjArIne tyAM laI gayA. tyAM ekoterI sabhA AgaLa mukadamo calAvavAno DhoMga cAlyo. Isune pUchavAmAM AvyuM : "zuM tuM Izvarano putra che?' Isue hakAramAM javAba Apyo. A sAMbhaLatAM ja mahApUjArIoe kahyuM ke teNe Izvarano moTo droha karyo che. A ane AvA bIjA aneka Aropo mUkIne Isune phAMsInI sajA pharamAvavAmAM AvI. dhArmika vaDAe phAMsInI sajAno amala karavA mATe romana sUbAnI maMjUrI meLavavI paDatI. AthI Isune pAyaleTa nAmanA romana sUbA pAse mokalavAmAM AvyA. pAyaleTane jaNAyuM ke Isu nirdoSa che paraMtu tenAmAM ekoterI sabhAno virodha karavA jeTalI hiMmata nahotI. AthI teNe Isune heroda rAjA pAse mokalI ApyA, jeNe A sajA mAnya rAkhI ane pAyaleTane sajA kAyama rAkhavA Adeza Apyo. Isu potAne yahUdIono rAjA kahevaDAve che e rAjadrohano AkSepa mUkIne temane mRtyudaMDanI sajA pharamAvavAmAM AvI. phAMsInA samaye paNa IsunI krura mazkarI karavAmAM AvI. temanA mastaka upara "yahUdIonA rAjA' evA zabdo lakhelo kAMTALo tAja paherAvavAmAM Avyo. lokonuM ToLuM emanI mazkarI karatuM, emanA upara thUkatuM pAchaLa gayuM. temanA be hAtha ane paga upara khIlA ThokavAmAM AvyA ane krUsa Ubho karavAmAM Avyo. ATaluM bhayaMkara apamAna karI dehakaSTa ApanArAo tarapha Isue krodha ke tiraskAra dAkhavyo nahi. temanA chellA zabdo A hatA : "he pitA, A lokone mApha kara, pote zuM kare che, enuM emane bhAna nathI."7 yahUdI dharmagraMthomAM mesIAhane oLakhavAnI je nizAnIo ApI che temAMnI eka e kahevAya che ke tene duSTa loko mArI nAkhaze. paNa te trIje divase potAnI kabaramAMthI pAcho UThaze ane potAnA bhaktone darzana deze. khristI dharmagraMtho anusAra evuM mAnavAmAM Ave che ke mRtyu pachI trIjA divase IsunuM punarutthAna thayuM ane judA judA divase potAnA ziSyone ghaNA divasa sudhI maLatA rahyA; ane potAno saMdezo jagatabharamAM pahoMcADavAno Adeza Apyo. A banAvathI temanA ziSyone navuM baLa ane protsAhana maLyAM. A divya preraNAthI prerAIne teo Isuno saMdezo ApavA sarva dizAomAM nIkaLI paDyA. kharuM jotAM Isu khrista koI navo dharma pravartAvyo nathI, paraMtu prAcIna yahUdI dharmane navuM vyApaka svarUpa ApyuM che. Isu kahetA ke huM jUnAne uthApavA ane navuM sthApavA

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176 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo Avyo nathI. Isu khrista pote aneka yAtanAo veThIne manuSyone temanAM pApakarmomAMthI mukta karavA prayAsa karyo. temane vadhastaMbha upara caDhAvanArAonAM hita ane sukha mATe temaNe prArthanA karI. AvA premamUrti Isu khrista potAnA udAtta ane premALa cAritrya vaDe anekanAM hRdaya-parivartana karyA hatAM. "mAnavaprema e ja prabhuprema che, je mAnavone cAhe che tene Izvara cAhe che' - e sUtranA pAyA para racAyela khristI dharme mAnavasevAno mahAna Adarza rajU karyo che. 3. khristI dharmanuM zAstraH khristI dharmanA zAstranuM nAma bAIbala che. A zAstra koI eka lekhakanI kalame lakhAyeluM nathI paraMtu tenA sarjanamAM aneka saMtoe phALo karAra' ane "navo karAra' e bAIbalanA be vibhAgo paikI jUno karAra hibru bhASAmAM ane navo karAra grIka bhASAmAM lakhAyela che. pAchaLathI AkhA bAIbalanuM leTina bhASAmAM bhASAntara karavAmAM AvyuM che. jUnA karArano paricaya ApaNe yahUdI dharmanA nirUpaNa vakhate meLavI gayA chIe. navA karAramAM 27 vibhAga pADavAmAM AvyA che. navA karArano mukhya viSaya IsunuM jIvanacaritra ane temano upadeza che. saMta methya, saMta mArka, saMta lUka ane saMta jahone lakhelA cAra upadeza (gospelsa) uparAMta saMta pola ane bIjA saMtoe lakhelA patro (episalsa)no paNa temAM samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. navA karArane graMthastha karavAnuM kArya pote karyuM. asala yahUdIo sAthe Izvare je karAra karyo hato te rada karIne Isu khristanA upadeza ane mRtyu pachI Izvare mANaso sAthe navo karAra karyo evI samajaNathI A graMthane khristIo "navo karAra' evuM nAma Ape che. jUnA karAranA keTalAka siddhAMtone sthAne Isu khrista navA siddhAMto ApyA hatA. chatAM teo kahe che : "huM jUnAno nAza karavA Avyo nathI, paraMtu je pahelAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che tenI paripUrti karavA Avyo chuM." Ama, bAIbalamAM jUnA ane navA karAra vacce ekatA ane samanvayanI dRSTi jovA maLe che. khristI dharmamAM bAIbalanuM sthAna atyaMta mahattvanuM che, tene kurAna ane vedanI mAphaka Izvararacita mAnavAmAM Ave che. duniyAnI 600 bhASAomAM A graMthanA anuvAdo thayA che. bAIbala upara khristI dharmamAM bIjA aneka graMtho lakhAyA che, paraMtu te graMthone proTesTaMTa saMpradAyanA anuyAyIo mAnya rAkhyA nathI; ekamAtra bAIbalano ja svIkAra kare che. joke Isu khristanA Adarzo pUrepUrA amalamAM AvyA nathI. tema chatAM eTaluM jarUra kahI zakIe ke mAnavasaMskRti upara khristI dharme UMDI asara pADI che. vaLI, yuropanA jIvanamAM jovA maLatA baMdhubhAva, sahakAra ane lokazAhInAM mUlyo bAIbalane AbhArI che ema kahevAmAM jarAya atizayokti thatI nathI.

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khristI dharma 177 4. tAttvika siddhAMto : 1. IzvaranuM svarUpa yahUdI dharmamAM yahovAha mAtra yahUdIono ja Izvara che evI zarUAtamAM mAnyatA hatI, paraMtu yahUdI saMtoe yahovAhane samagra vizvano ekamAtra deva kahyo. yahUdI dharmamAM Izvarane kaDaka nyAyAdhIza ane sattAdhArI rAjA tarIke kalpavAmAM Avyo hato. jyAre Isue kahyuM ke Izvara kaDaka nyAyAdhIza hovA uparAMta premALa pitA jevo vAtsalyapUrNa che. pApIo jo sAcA hRdayathI anutApa kare to kRpAsAgara prabhu temane kSamA Ape che. khristI dharmanI Izvara aMgenI khAsa bhAvanA e che ke te sarva jIvono pitA che. yahUdI dharmanA jUnA karAramAM parama tattvane mATe "yahovAha' zabda vAparavAmAM Avyo che ane temanI sArvabhauma sattA upara bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. joke temAM IzvaranuM varNana karatAM ema jarUra kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke te sarva jIvonI kALajI le che ane e arthamAM emane saunA pitA kahevAmAM AvyA che. Isu khristanI vizeSatA e che ke emaNe jyAre yahUdI graMthomAMthI avataraNo lIdhAM tyAre temaNe "yahovAha' nAmanI jagyAe "pitA"nuM saMbodhana vAparavAnuM pasaMda karyuM. Ama, Isue navA karAramAM Izvara mATe "pitA", "he pitA', "mArA pitA', amArA pitA", "svargIya pitA' vagere zabdono seMkaDo vAra upayoga karyo che. Ama, khristI dharmamAM IzvaranA pitRtvano svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che. A sAdo ane bhAvavALo "pitA" zabda mANasa ane Izvara vacceno nikaTano saMbaMdha darzAve che. Izvara pitA che eTale sarjaka che. te "sUryano prakAza pAthare che ane AkAzano varasAda varasAve che." e "sakaLa sRSTino mAlika che', "tenI AjJA vinA eka cakalI sudhdhAM bhoMya paDatI nathI." ane sRSTi enA hAthanuM sarjana che mATe sRSTi paNa maMgaLa che, pavitra che. 10 "Izvara nitya, anAdi ane anaMta che. eNe potAnI icchAmAtrathI saghaLuM sajaryuM che, potAmAMthI bahAra kADhyuM nathI tema paramANu vagere bAhya sAmagrI ekaThI karIne paNa ghaDyuM nathI. enI svataMtra icchAthI, koI paNa sAmagrI vinA e eNe utpanna karyuM che."11 Isue upadezelA dharmamAM kaDaka ekezvaravAda hato; tenI jagyAe pAchaLathI dhIre dhIre trimUrtino siddhAMta dAkhala thayelo jovA maLe che. 12 A siddhAMtane AtmAtrayIno siddhAMta paNa kahe che. A siddhAMta anusAra Izvara traNa svarUpamAM vidyamAna che : 1. pitA (svargamAM vasato Izvara pote), 2. putra (jisasa) ane 3. pavitra AtmA (je manuSyamAtranA aMtaramAM rahI ene sanmArge cAlavAnI preraNA kare che.)13 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana lakhe che : "trimUrtinA siddhAMte IzvaranI ekarUpatAmAM Isune mATe sthAna karI ApavAno prayatna karyo eTaluM ja nahi paNa bAIbalanA jUnA karAramAM

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178 jagatanA vidyamAna dhama Izvarane viSe je ekAMgI vicAra hato tene sudhAravAno paNa prayAsa karyo. Izvara e mAtra UMcA siMhAsana para beThelo rAjAdhirAja (pitA) nathI; premALa hRdaya (putra) paNa che ane sacarAcara vizvamAM, aNue aNumAM vAsa paNa kare che (pavitra AtmA). Izvara jagatanI pAra ne jagatathI aLago kyAMka beThelo che evuM nathI; te niravadhi premanI pratimA che, ane jagatanI unnatinA kAryamAM avizrAMtapaNe potAnI sarva zakti pratikSaNa reDI rahyo che." ""trimUrtino siddhAMta e IzvaranuM rUpa vividha che ema batAvavAno prayAsa che. Adhunika khristI dharmazAstra samajavA lAgyuM che ke IzvaranI ekatA ane tenuM trividha rUpa e benI vacce avirodha che; mAtra A traNa rUpone traNa bhinna bhinna vyaktio athavA cetanAnAM traNa bhinna kendro na gaNavAM eka IzvaranI ja pravRttinAM traNa bhinna aMgo gaNavAM joIe."14 phAdhara vAlesanA zabdomAM kahIe to "cetanA svarUpa pitA, jJAnasvarUpa Isu ane zaktisvarUpa pavitra AtmA-e trividha tattvathI IzvaranuM jIvana baMdhAya ane mAnavI emAM bhAga leto thaI jAya." potAnA eka patrane aMte pAula bhaktamaMDaLane sUtrarUpa zubhecchAo pAThave che e sUtra sau khristImArthIonuM priya AzIrvacana banI gayuM che, ne emAM Izvara vizenA khristIdarzanano sAra AvI jAya che : "ApaNA prabhu Isu khristanI kRpA, parama pitAno prema ane pavitra AtmAno sAtha tamane saune maLatAM raho."15 khristI dharmanA siddhAMta anusAra Izvara sarvazaktimAna, sarvajJa, sarvadraSTA, sarvano sarjaka, amara, avinAzI, parama pavitra, nyAyazIla chatAM karuNAmaya, satyasvarUpa che. premALa pitAnI mAphaka te jagatanA sarva jIvo tarapha samadaSTi ane samabhAva rAkhe che. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan lakhe che: "vizvataMtranI suvyavasthAmAM IzvaranuM jJAna pragaTa thAya che. sUrya bhalA-bUrA, pApI-apApI, nyAyI-anyAyI badhAne mATe niSpakSapaNe prakAze che; tevI ja rIte niSpakSatAthI varasAda paNa varase che. Izvara amuka mANaso pratye pakSapAta rAkhI temanI vizeSa kALajI rAkhe che ema Isu mAnatA nathI."16 2. mAnavInuM svarUpaH khristI dharmanA mate mAnavInuM sthAna anya jIvaprANI mAtranI sarakhAmaNImAM ghaNuM UMcuM che. mAnavInI mahattAnuM varNana karatAM phAdhara vAlesa lakhe che : ""mAnavIno mahimA ne gaurava e uparathI siddha thAya che. te sRSTino ziromaNi che. IzvaranI pratimA che. bIjAM prANIomAM paNa prANa che. vanaspatiomAM jIvana che; paNa tenA ane mAnavInA jIvana vacce mULabhUta phera hoya che. satya pArakhavAnI, sArAsArano viveka karavAnI ane svataMtra saMkalpa karIne naitika javAbadArI vahoravAnI zakti kevaLa manuSyamAM che. enAmAM ja jJAna ane premanuM tattva che mATe te IzvaranI pratimA kahevAya che ane AkhI sRSTi ene caraNe che."17

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khristI dharma 179 sRSTi ane anya pazupaMkhIonuM sarjana karyA pachI Izvare potAnI pratimArUpe mAnavInuM sarjana karyuM. strI ane puruSanuM sarjana karI temane Izvare samagra sRSTi, pazupaMkhIo ane sAgaramAMnAM jaLacara upara zAsana karavAnA AzIrvAda ApyA. 18 "manuSya prathama utpanna thayo tyAre (Adama ane IvarUpe) nirdoSa hato. prabhunI enA upara kRpA hatI ane ene svataMtra icchAzakti bakSelI hatI, paNa e icchAzaktino baMnee durupayoga karyo. prabhue je jhADanuM phaLa khAvAnI manA karI hatI tathA jagatamAM pApa ane pApanI zikSA-maraNa dAkhala thayAM. A pApavRtti mANasamAM janmathI ja Ave che ane te ghaNI prabaLa che tethI prabhunI kRpA sivAya e jItI zakAtI nathI."19 . khristI dharmamAM punarjanmano siddhAMta nathI. mANasane mATe eka ja vAra maravAnuM nirmANa thayeluM che ane pachI teno nyAya thAya che. badhA mANaso mRtyu pAmyA pachI pharI sajIvana thAya che ane anaMta kALa mATe jIve che e siddhAMta che. 3. karma pramANe phaLa : khristI dharmamAM "karma pramANe phaLa'no siddhAMta svIkArAyo che. seMTa pola kahe che: "bhulAvAmAM paDazo nahi; Izvara chetarAto nathI. mANasa vAvaze tevuM laNaze, je mANasa dehanI vAsanAonAM kSetramAM vAvaze te vAsanAmAMthI vinAza ja laNaze, paNa je AtmAnAM kSetramAM vAvaze te AtmAmAMthI zAzvata jIvana laNaze. bhalAM kAmo karatAM ApaNe thAkavuM na joIe, kAraNa jo hArIzuM nahi to yathAkAle tenAM phaLa maLaze." 20 Isu khrista kahe che: "mAnavaputra potAnA dUtone mokalaze ane teo tenA rAjayamAMthI badhA pApa karanArA ane karAvanArAone bhegA karI bhaDabhaDatA agnimAM nAkhaze. tyAM rovAnuM ane dAMta pIsavAnuM cAlyA karaze. tyAre dharmamArge cAlanArA potAnA parama pitAnA rAjyamAM sUryanI peThe prakAzaze. jene kAna hoya te A sAMbhaLe"21 4. aniSTaH A jagatamAM duHkha, zoka, bImArI vagere jAtajAtanAM duHkho jovA maLe che. A duHkhone aniSTa kahevAmAM Ave che. aniSTa tattvanI vyApakatA aMge khristI dharma mAne che ke e manuSyanA jIvanamAM sarvatra vyApI raheluM bhayaMkara tattva che. mANasano mULabhUta svabhAva sAro hovA chatAM teo pApa karIne IzvaranA, bIjAonA ane potAnI jAtanA gunegAra bane che. satkarma karavAne badale duSkarmane pasaMdagI ApavA mATe vyakti pote javAbadAra che. Ama, kharekharuM aniSTa to aMgata svArtha sAdhavA mATe Izvaradatta saMkalpasvAtaMtryano durupayoga karavo te che. A durupayogathI temaja anyane IjA pahoMcADavAthI pApa thAya che.

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18O jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 5. maraNottara sthiti ApaNe joI gayAM ke khrista dharmamAM punarjanmano siddhAMta nathI. mANasane mATe eka ja vAra maravAnuM nirmANa thayeluM che ane pachI teno nyAya thAya che. mRtyu pAmelAone mATe bAIbalamAM judA judA zabdaprayogo cheteo "poDhI gayA che", "prabhunA sAMnidhyamAM che", ""prabhunA vatanamAM che", "zAMtinA lokamAM che." Isu kahetA : "mane mokalanAranI icchA evI che ke... huM badhAne sajIvana karuM", ane "ApaNA pUrvajono Izvara" e pracalita saMbodhana karIne pote umeratA : "Izvara kaMI marelAMno Izvara nathI, paNa jIvatAMno ja Izvara che." eTale ke e bhUtakALanAM pUrvajo paNa Aje prabhunI pAse jIve che. Ama, badhAM mANaso mRtyu pAmyA pachI pharI sajIvana thAya che ane anaMta kALa mATe jIve che e siddhAMta che.22 6. mokSanuM svarUpa : vividha prakAranAM duHkhomAMthI kAyamI chuTakAro meLavavo tenuM nAma mokSa. mokSane bAIbalamAM "anaMta jIvana' kahe che. mokSAvasthAnI sthitinI spaSTatA karatAM phAdhara vAlesa lakhe che : ""A dehamAM to Izvara vizenuM jJAna adhUruM che, jhAMkhuM che. paNa navajIvana paroDhiye navuM jJAna maLaze, pratyakSa maLaze, pratyakSa darzana maLaze, sAkSAtkAra thaze - anaMta jIvana zarU thaze."23 7. mokSaprAptinuM sAdhana : mokSa meLavavA mATe khristI dharmamAM samAjasevAno kAryakrama anivArya gaNavAmAM Ave che. badhA mANaso ekabIjAne madadarUpa thAya ane IzvaranI kRpA mATe prArthanA kare to mokSaprApti thaI zake. 24 paraMtu Isu khrista kahe che tema "je koI vizvAsa rAkhato nathI - te to sajApAtra TharI ja cUkyo che."25 5. naitika siddhAMto : khristI dharmanA naitika siddhAMto giripravacanamAM rajU thayelA che. giripravacanano sArasaMkSepa nIce pramANe che : 1. "tamArA pUrvajone ema kahevAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke "khUna karIza nahi; je khUna karaze teNe adAlatamAM javAba devo paDaze." paNa huM tamane kahuM chuM ke je koI potAnA bhAI upara gusso karaze, gALa deze ke teno tiraskAra karaze teNe narakanA agnimAM paDavuM paDaze." vyabhicAra karIza nahi ema kaheluM che te tame jANo cho, paNa huM tamane kahuM chuM ke je koI mANasa koI strI pratye vAsanAbharI najara nAkhe che, te mAnavI tenI sAthe vyabhicAra karI cUkyo che." "tamArA pUrvajone ema kahevAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke, "sogana toDIza nahi, Izvara AgaLa jeje sogana lIdhelA che te pALavA.' huM tamane kahuM chuM ke sogana bilakula khAzo ja nahi." AMkhane sATe AMkha ane dAMtane sATe dAMta" ema kaheluM che, te tame jANo cho. ethI UlaTuM huM tamane kahuM chuM ke tamAruM bUruM karanArano

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khristI dharma 181 8. sAmano karazo nahi, balake jo koI tArA jamaNA gAla upara tamAco mAre to tenI AgaLa bIjo gAla dharavo." "tArA mitra upara prema rAkha ane tArA zatru upara dveSa rAkha" ema kaheluM che te tame jANo cho; paNa huM tamane kahuM chuM ke, tamArA zatru upara prema rAkho ane tamane raMjADanAra mATe duA mAgo, to ja tame tamArA paramapitAnAM sAcAM saMtAna thaI zakazo." "huM tamane cetavuM chuM ke lokonI najare caDavA mATe temanA dekhatAM dharmakAryo karazo nahi; nahi to tamArA paramapitA taraphathI tamane badalo nahi maLe. jyAre tuM dAnadharma karavA bese tyAre tAro jamaNo hAtha zuM kare che enI jANa tArA DAbA hAthane na thavA daIza. prArthanA ane upavAsanI tuM jAherAta na karIza." "jo tame bIjAonA aparAdha kSamA karazo to tamArA paramapitA tamArA aparAdha kSamA karaze, paNa jo tame bIjAonA aparAdha kSamA nahi karo to tamArA pitA tamArA aparAdha paNa kSamA nahi kare." A pRthvI upara tamArI saMpattino saMgharo karazo nahi, paNa tamArI saMpatti svargamAM saMgharI rAkhajo. koI paNa mANasa be mAlikanI sevA nahi karI zake. tame paramezvara ane paisAne ekIsAthe sevI nahi zako." "tame sauthI pahelAM IzvaranA rAjyanI ane eNe icchelA dharmAcaraNanI pAchaLa paDo eTale badhI vastuo tamane maLI raheze. AthI tame AvatIkAlanI ciMtA karazo nahi." 10. "koIno nyAya toLazo nahi. prathama tArA pApanuM tuM nivAraNa kara ane nirdoSa bana. pachI anyanA durguNa jo."26 "ApaNe sau eka parama pitAnAM saMtAno chIe' e khristI dharmanA agrima sUtramAMthI vyaktigata ane sAmAjika niyamo phalita thAya che. phAdhara vAlesa lakhe che mAre mATe ja karyuM" e IsunI nItizAstranuM mULa sUtra che. emAMthI naitika AcaraNanA vyavahAranA badhA niyamo UtarI Ave che. koIno tiraskAra na karAya kAraNa ke e IzvaranuM apamAna gaNAya, koInI AgaLa jUThuM na bolAya, kAraNa ke e Izvara AgaLa jUThuM bolavA jevuM thAya; eTaluM ja nahi paNa koInuM bUruM karavAnI vAta have bAju para mUkIne saunuM bhaluM karavAnI vRtti dilamAM jAge che. e rIte IsunA dharmadarzanamAM mAnavasevAno mahimA ane gaurava che ane sevA te pUjA, mANasa uparano sneha e bhagavAna mATenI bhakti, koInA upara karelo upakAra te bhagavAnane caDhAveluM naivedya bane. e saMskAro khristI dharmamAM UtarI AvelA -

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182 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo hovAthI emAM garIbo, mAMdAo, dukhiyAMonI sevA upara pahelethI ja bhAra mUkAyo ane enI paraMparA cAlI."27 naitika saNo : giripravacanomAM upadezAyelA saNo uparAMta nIcenA saguNo upara paNa khristI dharmamAM bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che : satyaH "asatyane phagAvI do, ekabIjA sAthenA vyavahAramAM sAcuM ja bolo, kAraNa ApaNe eka ja zarIranA aMgo chIe."28 premaH "joke huM (kaMgAlonuM) poSaNa karavA sAruM mArI sarva saMpatti ApI dauM ane jo huM mAruM zarIra agnine soMpuM, paNa mArAmAM prIti na hoya to mane kazo lAbha nathI. prIti sahanazIla tathA paropakArI che; prIti adekhAI karatI nathI; prIti ApavaDAI karatI nathI, potAnuM ja (hita) jotI nathI, khijavAtI nathI, aMdhakArane lekhavatI nathI, anyAyamAM harakhAtI nathI paNa satyamAM harakhAya che, saghaLuM khame che, saghaLuM mAne che, saghaLAnI AzA rAkhe che, saghaLu sahana kare che, prIti kadI khUTatI nathI."29 "A ja kAraNasara tamAre prANapaNe prayatna karIne tamArI zraddhAmAM sadAcArano, sadAcAramAM jJAnano, jJAnamAM saMyamano, saMyamamAM daDhatAno, daDhatAmAM bhaktino, bhaktimAM bhrAtRbhAvano ane bhrAtRbhAvamAM premano umero karatA rahevuM joIe."30 zraddhAH ""zraddhA e koI aMdha lAgaNI ke jaDa vRtti ke vahema nathI. zraddhA vivekapUrNa hoya che. buddhijanya hoya che, paNa zraddhA khAlI manano taraMga ke vicAranI pravRtti paNa nathI. e pUrNa vizvAsa che, vaphAdArI che, zaraNAgati che. "huM Izvarane mAnuM chuM eno artha "huM Izvarane mAruM jIvana soMpI dauM chuM' e thAya che. zraddhA e jIvanano viSaya che, tarkano ke lAgaNIno nahi. ""zraddhA eTale jenI ApaNe AzA rAkhIe chIe tenI bAMyadharI ane je najare joyuM nathI tenI khAtarI." zraddhAthI puNyazALI banela mANasa ja jIvana pAmaze."31 khristI dharmanA matAnusAra DahApaNa, nyAya, zaurya, saMyama vagere saguNo mAnavI ApameLe vikasAvI zake che, paraMtu zraddhA, AzA ane prema kevaLa prabhukRpAthI ja meLavI zakAya che. 32 6. bhaktibhAvanA : 1. bhaktibhAvanAnuM svarUpa bhakta ane bhagavAna, mAnava ane prabhu vacceno atUTa sneha tenuM nAma bhakti. khristI dharmanA mate bhakta "prabhu pratyeno potAno prema baMdhuprema dvArA, mAnavaprema dvArA pragaTa karavAno che." "mAnavasevA e prabhusevA che" e khristI dharmanuM pAyAnuM sUtra che. phAdhara vAlesa lakhe che : "AtmAnuM jIvana jJAna ane prema hoya che. jANavAnI ane cAhavAnI pravRtti che e dvArA AtmA jIve che. mana ane hRdaya, oLakhANa ane mamatA, paricaya ane saMbaMdha temaja dharmanI bAbatamAM

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khristI dharma 183 Izvara pratye e jIvananI pravRtti e "AdhyAtmika jIvana' to zraddhA ane bhaktinuM rUpa dhAraNa kare che."33 mAnave karelI mAnavInI sevA Izvara svIkAre, mAnave karelo mAnava uparano prema Izvarane pahoMce ane mAnave karelo mAnava sAmeno aparAdha paNa IzvaranI sAme karelo aparAdha gaNAya.34 Ama, khristI dharma anusAra mAnavabaMdhu mATenuM sAcA dilathI kareluM kAma e bhagavAnanI utkRSTa pUjA gaNAya che. 35 2. bhaktibhAvanAnI abhivyakti mAnavasevA uparAMta khristIo dharmagraMthonuM vAcana kare che. krAIsTanI mAtA merInI mUrtine pUje che, upAsanAmAM dhUpadIpa vagere saLagAve che. japanI mALA pherave che. upavAsa kare che.* khristIo devaLo ke prArthanAmaMdiromAM dara ravivAre ekatrita thaIne dharmagraMthonuM vAcana kare che, dhArmika upadeza ke vyAkhyAnanuM zravaNa kare che, samUhaprArthanA kare che, prabhubhojana nimitte prasAda vaheMce che, svaicchika rIte dAna Ape che ane nirAdhArane madada kare che. 37 khristI dharmanA anuyAyIo varSamAM be vakhata utsavo Ujave che: 1. krismasa ke nAtAla ane 2. isTara. A tahevAronI ujavaNImAM paNa khristIonI bhaktibhAvanA abhivyakta thAya che. khristI dharmanI sAdhanAmAM prArthanAnuM sthAna mahattvapUrNa hoI prArthanAnA svarUpa aMgenA khristI vicAro spaSTa karavAnuM ahIM Avazyaka che. prArthanA aMge Isu khrista kahyuM che : "tuM jyAre prArthanA kare tyAre tArI oraDImAM jaIne bAraNAM vAsae ane ekAntamAM paNa vasanAra tArA pitAnI prArthanA karaje ekAntanI vAta jANanAra tArA pitA tane badalo Apaze."38 eka ziSya Isu khristane kahyuM ke amane prArthanA karatAM zIkhavo. Isue kahyuM : ""jyAre tame prArthanA karo tyAre A pramANe bolavuM: "he pitA tAruM nAma pAvana ho; tAruM rAjya pravarte, amane rojanI roTI roja Apato raheje; ane amArAM pApo mApha karaje, kAraNa ame paNa amArA ekeeka aparAdhIne mApha karIe chIe ane amArI kasoTI thavA daIza nahi."39 prArthanAnuM svarUpa spaSTa karatAM phAdhara vAlesa lakhe che : "vinaMtInI sAthe sAthe prArthanAmAM stutine AbhArato bhAva paNa AvI jAya che. bhagavAnane ApaNAM vakhANanI jarUra nathI e vAta sAcI, paraMtu dilamAM mAna ne Adara ne kRtajJatA hoya to e vyakta karyA vagara kema rahevAze? vaLI, stutimAM IzvaranA mahimA ne sAmarthyane prema ne pratApanuM ApaNane bhAna thAya ane smaraNa rahe, mATe eno kharo lAbha ApaNane ja maLe. bhagavAnanI AgaLa mAnavInuM sthAna zuM che, bhagavAnanI sAthe ApaNo saMbaMdha

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184 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo kevo hoya che ne kevo hovo joIe eno sAco ne UMDo khyAla koI pustaka ke bhASaNa karatAM zAMtimAM ne ekAMtamAM bhagavAnanI pUjA karIne ane zraddhAthI ne bhaktithI enA bhAva hRdayamAM UtaravA daIne ja AvI zake ane AbhAradarzanamAM paNa kRtArthatA sivAya AdhInatA che, vizvAsa che, AnaMda che, bhakti che, mATe prArthanAmaya jIvanamAM enuM AgavuM sthAna che." 7. vairAgyabhAvanA : prabhu sivAya sagAMsaMbaMdhI ke mAlamilakatamAM prIti nahi rAkhavAno ane vairAgyabhAvanA vikasAvavAno upadeza Isu khrista Ape che." khrista-dharma-sAramAM AcArya vinobA bhAve lakhe che : "saMsAra upara ke saMsAranA viSayo upara prema rAkhazo nahi, je koI saMsAra upara prema rAkhe che tenAmAM parama pitA pratye prema hoto nathI. kAraNa, je kAMI saMsAranuM che, jene mATe mANasanI adhama prakRti jhaMkhe che ane AMkho talase che ane je vaibhavanuM loko mithyAbhimAna seve che e badhAnA mULamAM parama pitA nathI paNa saMsAra che, ane saMsAra ane enA viSayonI vAsanAo to kSaNika che, paNa je koI IcchAnusAra varte che te zAzvata che."41 jyAre ziSyoe paraNavAmAM sAra nathI evuM Isu khristane kahyuM tyAre temaNe A pramANe javAba Apyo : "A vAtano svIkAra karavAnI badhA mANasonI zakti nathI. jemane IzvaranI vizeSa bakSisa maLelI che teo ja teno svIkAra karI zake che, kAraNa, keTalAka mAnA garbhamAMthI ja lagna karavAne asamartha avatare che, keTalAkane mANaso evA banAve che, ane keTalAka IzvaranA rAjyane khAtara pote tevA bane che. jenAmAM zakti hoya te eno svIkAra kare.42 IsTaranA tahevAromAM khristIo upavAsa kare che ane e rIte potAnI indriyo upara saMyama ane vairAgyabhAvanA keLave che. A aMge phAdhara vAlesa yogya kahe che : "dAna, prArthanA ane upavAsa to puNyanAM kAryo che, paraMtu enI pAchaLano hetu zuddha na hoya to e khAlI tapanI pravRtti ke zistanA prayogo ke vakhate AtmajAherAtanI ceSTAo banI jAya."43 upasaMhAra pratyeka dharmane AgavuM jIvanadarzana hoya che. khristI jIvanadarzanano sAra jANavA mATe Izvara ane mAnavIno saMbaMdha, mAnavI ane mAnavIno saMbaMdha ane mAnavIno manuSyatara sRSTi sAtheno saMbaMdha e mukhya traNa saMbaMdho aMge phAdhara vAlese spaSTa kareluM khristI dharmanuM dRSTibiMdu joIe. "Izvara sAtheno mAnavIno saMbaMdha pitA-putrano che. Izvara sarjaka che, mAlika che, pitA che, prema rAkhe che, saMbhALa rAkhe che, mAphI Ape che. ne mAnava vizvAsathI

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khristI dharma 185 ne bhaktithI Izvarane zaraNe jAya che, enuM rakSaNa mAge che, enI kRpA yAce che. pitA ane putra jevo prema ne jevuM sAmIpya, eka kuLa ne be peDhI. pitAnI AjJA ne pitAno vAraso. mAna ane vAtsalya, AdhInatA ne AtmIyatA. pitA-putrano zreSTha saMbaMdha Izvara ane mANasa vaccenA saMbaMdhano dyotaka ane saMketarUpa banI jAya." ""mAnava ane mAnava vacceno saMbaMdha bhAI-bhAIno thAya. eka kuLa, eka lohI, e pitA mATe A badhA mANaso sarakhA ne badhA pratiSThita ne badhAnI vacce bhAtRbhAvano atUTa tAMtaNo. mATe prema ne Adara, madada ne sevA puNyakarma bane. mAnavadharma dharma ja bane ane AkhI mAnavajAta eka kuTuMba banI jAya." e mAnavaTuMba A jagatamAM vase che. sRSTi pitAno mahela che. mAnava mATe to enuM sarjana thayuM che. mATe e maMgaLa che. satya che, AbhAra sAthe eno upayoga karavA mATe che, enI sevA levA mATe che. TUMkamAM, Izvara parama pitA, mAnavajAta e enuM kuTuMba ane sRSTi enI vADI - e saMbaMdho che.44

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186 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo saMdarbha-sUci 1. pArekha nagInadAsa ane phAdhara IsudAsa kavelI, zubhasaMdeza, mArka 1:9 zubhasaMdeza, lUka 3 : 16 3. zubhasaMdeza, mArka 6 : 24-29 pavitrazAstra (hiMda tathA laMkAnI bAIbala sosAyaTI, beMgalora) lUka 2 : 4ra47 gAMdhIjI, satyanA prayogo, pR. 69 pArekha nagInadAsa ane phAdhara IsudAsa kuvelI, zubhasaMdeza mArka 6 : 4 7. pArekha nagInadAsa ane phAdhara IsudAsa phavelI, zubhasaMdeza, lUka 23: 34 8. ejana, 24 : 13-49 9. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 199 10. phAdhara vAlesa, khristIdarzana, pR. 12 11. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 215 12. rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, pR. 188 13. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 215 14. rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, pR. 106 15. phAdhara vAlesa, khristIdarzana, pR. 53-54 16. rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, pR. 104 17. phAdhara vAlesa, khristIdarzana, pR. papa 18. pavitrazAstra, utpatti, 1 : 25-28 19. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 216 20. phAdhara vAlesa, khristIdarzana, pR. 115 21. pArekha nagInadAsa ane phAdhara IsudAsa velI, zubhasaMdeza, mAththI 13: 41 43 22. phAdhara vAlesa, khristIdarzana, pR. 112 23. ejana, pR. 116-117

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khristI dharma 187 24. ejana, pR. 113 25. pArekha nagInadAsa ane phAdhara IsudAsa kuvelI, zubhasaMdeza, yohAna 3: 18 26. pArekha nagInadAsa ane phAdhara IsudAsa kavelI, zubhasaMdeza, mAththI 5, 21thI 7, 2 27. phAdhara vAlesa, khristIdarzana, pR. 16 28. ejana, pR. 73 29. pavitrazAstra, korIMthIone pahelo patra 13 : 7-8 30. vinobA bhAve, khristIdarzana, pR. 164 31. phAdhara vAlesa, khristIdarzana, pR. 64-65 32. J. B. Noss, Man's Religions, P. 63 33. phAdhara vAlesa, khristIdarzana, pR. 117 34. ejana, pR. 15 35. ejana, pR. 16 36. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 215 37. Archer John Clark, Faiths Men live by, P. 398 38. pArekha nagInadAsa ane phAdhara IsudAsa phavelI, zubhasaMdeza, mAththI 6 : 6 39. phAdhara vAlesa, khristIdarzana, pR. 88 40. ejana, pR. 90-91 41. vinobA bhAve, khristI-marma-sAra, pR. 170 42. pArekha nagInadAsa ane phAdhara IsudAsa vaeNlI, zubhasaMdeza, mAththI 19: 10 12 43. phAdhara vAlesa, khristIdarzana, pR. 9 44. ejana, pR. 119-120.

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prakaraNa-12 IslAma dharma - umezakumAra yAjJika 1. udbhava ane vikAsaH eziyA khaMDanA naiRtya khUNAmAM Avela arabastAnamAM islAma dharma udbhava pAmyo. "paramAtmA eka che, ane manuSyamAtra samAna che." AvuM saraLa ane mahAna satya prakaTa karanAra IslAma dharmanA sthApaka mahaMmada payagaMbaranuM sthAna vizvavaMdya vibhUtiomAM AgavuM che. islAmano artha "zAMti ane salAmatI" tathA "jagatanA bAdazAha paramezvaranA zaraNe javuM" evo thAya che. kurAne zarIphamAM jaNAvyA pramANe muslima' eTale "jeNe khudA ane AdamI sAthe zAMti sAdhI che te." Ama, islAma dharme zAMti, salAmatI ane bhAIcArAno saMdeza vizvane Apyo che. mahaMmada payagaMbaranA kAryanuM yogya mUlyAMkana karavA mATe tatkAlIna rAjakIya, sAmAjika ane dhArmika paristhiti aMge mAhitI meLavavI anivArya bane che. e samaye AkhuM arabastAna aneka kabIlAo (ToLIo)mAM vaheMcAyeluM hatuM. kabIlAno saradAra zekha kahevAto. te kabIlAno rAjA purohita ane guru gaNAto. kabIlA mATe sau sabhya khUba ja gumAna dharAvatA ane tethI kabIlAnI pratiSThAnA nAme kabIlAomAM aMdaroaMdara verajhera ane khunAmarakIo peDhIo sudhI cAlu rahetAM. kabIlAo upara Adhipatya jamAve tevI koI sattA nahotI. AthI kabIlAomAM paraspara bhaya, trAsa ane arAjakatAnuM vAtAvaraNa rahyA karatuM. kabIlAo moTe bhAge gopajIvana gALatA. dareka kabIlAnA judA judA rivAjo hatA. temAM kurivAjo ane saMkucitapaNAe paNa praveza karyo. ArabomAM aMdhazraddhA, zukana-apazukana, bhUtapreta vagere vahemoe ghara karyuM hatuM. rogane maTADavA mATe Arabo hiMsAtmaka yajJo karatA ane temAM pazuo ane manuSyonA bali caDhAvatA. tyAM khajUrInAM vRkSono pAra nahi. AthI dArUnI badI khUba ja phelAI hatI. jugAra na rame tene lobhiyo gaNavAmAM Avato. gulAbo ane strIo tarapha amAnuSI vartAva karavAmAM Avato hato. putrInA janmane Arabo zApa samAna gaNatA. AthI putrIne kabaramAM jIvatI dATI devAmAM AvatI. tyAM kahevata paDelI ke, "sauthI sAro jamAI

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IslAma dharma 189 kabara che." eka mANasa manaphAve teTalI strIo rAkhI zakato. pitAnuM mRtyu thatAM pitAe karelI strIone putro vaheMcI letA. Ama, samAjamAM gulAmo ane strIonI sthiti dayAjanaka hatI. Araba prajA durAcAra, anIti, hiMsAvRtti ane vicitra vahemonI cuMgAlamAM phasAI paDI hatI. dhArmika dRSTie paNa Araba prajA avanatinA gartamAM gabaDI paDI hatI. aneka devadevIonI pUjA karavAmAM AvatI hatI. A devadevIone khuza rAkhavA mATe aneka prakAranI hiMsA thatI. pazuono bhoga caDhAvavo te to sAmAnya bInA hatI, paraMtu manuSyono paNa ghaNI vAra bhoga dharAvavAmAM Avato. AvA aMdhAdhUMdhInA samayamAM mahaMmada payaMgabare A pachAta, aMdhazraddhALu ane ajJAna prajAne zraddhAnAM, jJAnanAM ane dhArmikatAnAM piyUSa pAyAM. baLavAna chatAM mRtaprAya prajAne beThI karI ane AvI pachAta prajAmAM paNa mAnavasabhyatAnuM sarjana karI batAvyuM. islAma dharma chinnabhinna Araba janatAmAM ekatAnI bhAvanAnuM siMcana karI eka Izvara, eka dharmabhAvanA, eka koma ane eka dharmapustakanI advitIya bhAvanA pragaTAvIne samagra rIte ekasUtratA sthApI. Araba saMskRtinA janaka ane saMrakSaka mahaMmada payagaMbaranA jIvana ane kAryano paricaya meLavIe. 2. mahaMmada payagaMbaranuM jIvana ane kAryaH bAlyAvasthA: islAmIo mAne che ke jagata upara IzvarI Adeza pahoMcADavA mATe khudA potAnA zreSTha bhaktane pasaMda kare che. IzvarI saMdezane jagatamAM pahoMcADanArane khudAno "rasUla", "payagaMbara' ke "nabI' kahevAmAM Ave che. mahaMmada paNa allAhanA rasUla che. khudAe mokalelA payagaMbaromAM mahaMmada chellA rasUla che ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. allAhanA A rasUlano janma makkA zaheramAM sana 571mAM kurezI kuTuMbamAM thayo hato. mAtA amInA putrane janma Ape te pahelAM ja pitA abdullAnuM avasAna thayuM. amInAnI kAyamI bImArInA kAraNe dUdhamAtA halImA ja bALa mahaMmadanI dekhabhALa rAkhatI. cha varSanA mahaMmade mAtAnI chAyA paNa gumAvI. tyAra pachI dAdA abdula muttalibanI chatrachAyAmAM UcharavA lAgyA. paraMtu dAdAnA lADakoDa paNa lAMbo samaya na maLI zakyA. dAdAnuM mRtyu thatAM kAkA abu tAlibanA hAthamAM mahaMmadano uchera thavA lAgyo. kAkAe mahaMmadane kizorAvasthAmAM sAcavyA eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu moTI uMmare paNa makkAvAsIothI mahaMmadanuM rakSaNa karyuM hatuM. nAnapaNathI ja mahaMmadanuM dhyAna ramatagamatamAM hatuM nahi. kauTuMbika muzkelIonA kAraNe bALa mahaMmadane koI vyavasthita tAlIma maLI nahi. bALapaNa bakarAM carAvavAmAM pasAra thayuM. nAnI vaye mahaMmadane temanA kAkA sAthe vepArI vaNajhAromAM paradeza javAnuM thatuM. AthI temane judI judI prajAonA rItarivAjo ane raheNIkaraNI aMge jJA maLyuM. vaLI, paradezIonI sarakhAmaNImAM Araba prajAnI durdazAe mahaMmadanA mAnasa

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190 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo para gherI asara karI. paMDita suMdaralAla "hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma'mAM lakhe che ke, "pahelI ja vAranI siriyAnI musApharInA varNanamAM eka bhalA khristI sAdhu baherAnuM nAma paNa Ave che. tenA para bALaka mahaMmadanA savAlo, temanuM UMDuM saMzodhana, temanuM vizALa hRdaya, temanI samajaNa ane temanI UMDI daSTi e badhAMnI bhAre chApa paDI. yuvAvasthAmAM mahaMmada vepArIonA ADatiyA tarIke kAma karatA. temanI imAnadArInI vepArIomAM ghaNI chApa hatI. tethI sau temane "ala-amIna' nAme bolAvatA. ala-amIna eTale vizvAsu mANasa. mAtra vepArIomAM ja nahi paNa makkAnI anya prajAmAM paNa mahaMmade lokapriyatA meLavI hatI. paradezIo ane nibaLone madada karavAmAM mahaMmada haMmezAM AgevAnI letA ane garIba-gurabAMne madada karavAmAM mokhare rahetA. nAnA-moTA jhaghaDAonI patAvaTa vakhate paNa loko ala- . amInane madhyasthI banAvatA.3 mahaMmada sAheba ghaNI vepArI peDhIomAM ADatiyA tarIke kAma karatA hatA. temAM karezI kaTuMbanI eka vidhavA bAI khAdijAnI eka dhanADhaya peDhI hatI. te bAIne potAnI peDhIno vahIvaTa calAvavA mATe eka ImAnadAra mANasanI jarUra hatI. kAkA abu tAlibe mahaMmada sAhebane A peDhImAM goThavI ApyA. mahaMmada sAhebanuM pratApI vyaktitva, vepArI kuneha ane samAjasevAnI bhAvanAthI AkarSAIne khadijAe potAnI sAthe lagna karavAno prastAva mUkyo. mahaMmada sAhebanI uMmara pacIsa varSanI ane AdijAnI uMmara cAlIsa varSanI hatI. uMmaramAM ATalo badho pharaka hovA chatAM mahaMmada sAhebe prastAvano svIkAra karyo. baMnenuM lagnajIvana sukharUpa nIvaDeluM. upadezakALamAM mahaMmada sAhebane khAdijA pAsethI hUMpha maLI rahetI. khAdijA mahaMmada sAhebane haMmezAM protsAhita karatAM. khAdijAthI mahaMmada sAhebane phAtamA nAmanI putrI thayelI, jenAM lagna hajarata alI sAthe karavAmAM AvelAM. khadijA sAthenA lagna pachI mahaMmada sAhebanI Arthika javAbadArI ghaTI. bIjo koI sAmAnya mANasa hoya to ATalI aDhaLaka saMpatti prApta thatAM ezaArAmamAM paDI jAya. jyAre mahaMmada sAheba najIkanA hIrA parvatanI guphAnA ekAMtamAM besI ciMtana ane sAdhanAmAM samaya vitAvavA lAgyA. temanuM mana ArabonI sthiti sudhAravA mATe talasatuM hatuM. mahaMmade A ekAnta sAdhanAmAM lagabhaga eka dAyako pasAra karyo. khudAtAlAne meLavavAnI tAlAvelI anahada vadhI gaI. khAdhApIdhA vagara divaso sudhI teo guphAmAM paDI rahyA ane paravaradigArane prArthanAo karatA rahyA. I.sa. 610mAM ramajAnanI eka rAte khudAnA pharistA jibrAile mahaMmadane khudAnI "vahI' ApIne kahyuM : "khudAe tamane payagaMbara' tarIke pasaMda karyA che." ane vaLI kahyuM : "jAhera kara, te allAhane nAme, jeNe sarvasvanuM sarjana karyuM che."

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IslAma dharma 191 pharI eka rAtrie AkAzavANI thaI : "jAhera kara ! jAhera kara ! jAhera kara !" mahaMmade pUchyuM : ""zuM jAhera karuM?" tyAre pharI saMbhaLAyuM : ""jAhera kara, tArA prabhune nAme, jeNe A jagata saryuM che, jeNe premathI premanuM pUtaLuM - AdamI banAvyo che te jAhera kara. tAro prabhu ghaNo ja dayALu che teNe mANasane kalama mAraphate jJAna ApyuM che ane mANasa je vastu nahoto jANato te badhI tene teNe zIkhavI. je | kurAnanI A pAMca Ayato che jenI vahI (saMdeza) sau prathama mahaMmada sAheba upara AvI hatI. Ama, saMdezo ke payagAma lAvanAra mahaMmada payagaMbara thayA. zarUAtamAM mahaMmada sAhebane A saMdezA aMge zaMkA-kuzaMkAo jAgI. paraMtu khAdijAe temane protsAhana ApyuM ane teo payagAma mATe pUrNa pAtra che tevI khAtarI ApI. thoDA divasa gayA pachI eka vAra avAja saMbhaLAyo : ""UTha! jAga ! ane lokone cetava. tArA prabhunA mahimAnuM varNana kara ane tArA prabhunI khAtara dhIrajathI kAma le."" have mahaMmadane pUrepUrI zraddhA beThI. temaNe upadeza ApavAno prAraMbha karyo. mahaMmada sAhebe thoDo samaya khAnagImAM upadeza Apyo. paraMtu pachIthI temaNe jAhera rIte kahyuM : "Izvara eka che. huM teno payagAma lAvanAra rasUla chuM. mANasa mare tyAre paDozIo tenI dolata viSe pUche che paNa devanA dUto to tenA sArA kAma mATe pUchaze mATe satya bolo ane nyAyathI cAlo." mahaMmada sAhebe mUrtipUjAno niSedha karyo; ane Arabone jugAra, dArU, corI, vyabhicAra choDI daIne bhAIcArAthI pavitra jIvana gALavAno upadeza Apyo. dhIre dhIre anuyAyIonI saMkhyA vadhatAM mahaMmada sAhebe kAbAmAM jAhera prArthanA karavA mAMDI ane "allA - ho - akabara' eTale ke Izvara mahAna che evI bAMga pokAravI zarU karI. islAma dharmanA pracArathI makkAvAsIo ane khAsa karIne devadevIonA pUjArIo khaLabhaLI UThyA. teoe aneka kAvatarAM racIne islAmIone raMjADavA mAMDyA. AthI trAsa pAmIne keTalAka anuyAyIo madInA jaIne vasyA. temaNe madInAvAsIone islAmanA siddhAMto kahI saMbhaLAvyA. keTalAka madInAvAsIo makkA AvI mahaMmada sAhebane maLyA. bAra jeTalA madInAvAsIoe akabAnI TekarI upara mahaMmada sAheba pAse pratijJA lIdhI : "ame eka IzvaramAM zraddhA rAkhIzuM. ame aneka IzvaranI baMdagI karIzuM nahi. corI, durAcAra, asatyanuM AcaraNa karIzuM nahi. koI paNa bAbatamAM payagaMbaranI AjJAnuM ullaMghana karIzuM nahi ane payagaMbaranA pratyeka kAmamAM pUrato sAtha ApIzuM." islAmanA itihAsamAM A pratijJA TekarInA nAma parathI "akabAnI pratijJA'nA nAme vikhyAta che. 6 makkAvAsIonI pajavaNIthI kaMTALIne islAmIo madInA cAlyA gayA. mahaMmada sAheba ane bIjA eka-be anuyAyIo ja bAkI rahyA. A badhAne khatama karI nAkhavAnuM makkAvAsIoe payaMtra racyuM. A prasaMge kahevAya che ke phirastA

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192 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo jibrAIla mAraphata mahaMmada sAhebane khudA taraphathI Adeza maLyo ke temaNe makkA choDIne madInA cAlyA javuM. AthI I.sa. 622mAM mahaMmada pagamaMbara ane hajarata abubakara makkAthI hijarata karIne madInA gayA. A divasathI musalamAnonuM navuM varSa zarU thAya che. A varSathI 'hijarI saMvata'no AraMbha thayo. mahaMmada payagaMbara havethI hajarata mahaMmada kahevAyA. mahaMmada sAhebanA Agamana pahelAM madInAnuM nAma yatharIba hatuM. paraMtu mahaMmada sAhebanA AgamananI khuzAlImAM zaherane muslimo "madInata-alanabI' urpha nabInagara kahevA lAgyA. pAchaLathI tenuM nAma madInA paDyuM. hajarata mahaMmadane madInAmAM daphanAvavAmAM AvelA hovAthI musalamAno tene pavitra gaNI tenI yAtrAe jAya che. akabAnI pratijJAmAM darzAvela IzvarI saMdezano mahaMmada madInAnI janatAmAM upadeza karyo, jene madInAvAsIo taraphathI sAro evo AvakAra maLyo. madInA zaheranA hAkema tarIke lokoe mahaMmadane navAjyA. IzvaranI prArthanA karavA mATe mahaMmada madInAmAM pahelI masjida banAvI. pote jAte paththaro UMcakIne te masjida bAMdhavAmAM sevA ApI. madInAnI prajAe mahaMmada sAhebanuM dhArmika netRtva to svIkAryuM ja paraMtu temano sAmAjika ane rAjakIya netA tarIke paNa svIkAra karyo. makkAvAsIo taraphathI avAranavAra pajavaNI thayA karatI hatI tethI Akhare eka divasa hajarate potAnA ziSyone pharamAna karyuM : "satya ane dharmanA rakSaNa mATe jeo talavAra pakaDe che temane svarga maLe che." dasa hajAra muslimo dharmayuddha mATe bahAra paDyA. sAMje A phoja makkAnI bahAra rokAI. sipAIone hukama karavAmAM Avyo hato ke, banatAM sudhI koI para hathiyAra na ugAmavuM. ane koI duzmana maLe to tene pakaDI lAvavo. thoDI vAra pachI paherA paranA sipAIo zahera bahArathI be mANasone pakaDIne mahaMmada sAheba pAse lAvyA. temAMno eka prakhyAta kureza saradAra abu suphiyAna hato. potAnA jiMdagIbharanA duzmanane potAnI samakSa joIne mahaMmada sAhebanI AMkhamAMthI TapaTapa AMsu TapakavA lAgyAM. temaNe abu suphiyAnanA badhA jUnA aparAdha vagara zarate mApha karI dIdhA ane tene AdarapUrvaka besADyo. abu suphiyAnanA dila para AnI ghaNI UMDI asara thaI. te upakAra nIce dabAI gayo. tenI mAraphate makkAvAsIone saMdezo mokalavAmAM Avyo. ema kahevAya che ke kevaLa muThThIbhara mAmaso sivAya abu suphiyAne ane bIjA badhAe mahaMmada sAhebane potAnA saradAra ane madInAnI sarakArane potAnI sarakAra mAnI lIdhAM. Ama, eka paNa mANasanuM lohI reDyA vagara makkA jItI levAmAM AvyuM. makkA upara islAmano vAvaTo pharakyo ane madInAvAsIone makkAmAM pavitra kAlAhanI "haja karavAnI chUTa maLI. mahaMmada sAhebanI potAno dharma phelAvavAnI rIta kurAnamAMnI Ayato anusAra hatI. temanA jIvanamAM eka dAkhalo evo nathI maLato jemAM temaNe koIne

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IslAma dharma 193 paNa talavArane jore ke koI paNa jAtanuM dabANa karIne potAnA dharmamAM sAmela karyo hoya, koI kabIlA ke ToLIne potAnA dharmamAM lAvavA mATe tenA para kadI caDAI karI hoya athavA e kAmane mATe eka paNa laDAI laDyA hoya. dharmanI bAbatamAM bIjAo pAsethI jeTalI svataMtratAnI teo AzA rAkhatA teTalI svataMtratA bIjAne ApatA. I.sa. 630mAM mahaMmada sAhebe pharIthI makkAmAM praveza karyo. jeoe islAma viruddha kAvatarAMo racyAM hatAM te saune udAratApUrvaka mAphI bakSI ane premathI saunAM mana jItI lIdhAM. "islAmano saMdezo jagatabharamAM phelAvavAnuM kArya mane khudAe soMpyuM che ema kahIne temaNe romana samrATa tathA IrAnanA zAhane islAma dharmano svIkAra karavA patro lakhyA hatA. I.sa. 632mAM mahaMmada sAheba eka lAkha cAlIsa hajAra mANasone sAthe laIne kAbAnI haja paDhavA mATe makkAmAM chellI vAra AvyA. arAphatanA medAnamAM mahaMmada sAhebe ApelA pravacananA AkharI zabdo A hatA : ""tamAruM jIvana pavitra che. tame koI milakata ke jIvana upara AkramaNa karazo nahi. tamArI patnIone tamArI upara samAna adhikAra che. gulAmonI saMbhALa rAkhajo. khorAka, kapaDAM mATe tamArI ane temanI vacce bheda rAkhazo nahi, pratyeka mAlika ke gulAma samAna hoI paraspara bhAIcArAno saMbaMdha rAkhazo." A aMtima saMdeza ApyA pachI temanI aMgata milakata je mAtra sADA traNa rUpiyA hatI tenuM dAna karyuM ane khudAnI baMdagI karatAM karatAM I.sa. 632mAM mahaMmada pagamaMbara jannatanazIna thayA. A vakhate teo arabastAnanA dharmaguru. kavi, payagaMbara ane rAjavI hatA. bosvartha smita lakhe che : ""mahaMmada payagaMbarane eka sAthe traNa vastu sthApavAnuM sadbhAgya prApta thayuM : eka jAti, eka rAjya ane eka dharma. itihAsamAM A jAtano bIjo dAkhalo kyAMya jovA maLato nathI."9mahaMmada sAhebanI A advitIya siddhine dhyAnamAM rAkhIne e. jI. liyonArDa lakhe che: "kharekhara mahaMmada sAheba mahAnamAM mahAna puruSa karatAM paNa ghaNA mahAna hatA." 3. IslAma dharmanuM zAstraH islAma dharmanuM mukhya zAstra kurAna che. te uparAMta hadIsa' nAmanA graMthono muslimo AdarapUrvaka pATha kare che. baMneno kramazaH paricaya meLavIe. 1. kurAna : islAma dharmano A mukhya graMtha che. khudAtAlAe mAnavajAtinA uddhAra mATe aneka payagaMbaro dvArA potAnI vahIo (saMdezAo) mokalAvI hatI. jibrAIla nAmanA phirastA dvArA mahaMmada payagaMbara upara khudAe mokalelI vahI te ja kurAna graMtha, kurAnanA adhyAyane surA (ITa) kahe che. kurAnanI kula 114 surAo che. kurAnanI surA upara islAma dharmanuM caNatara thayeluM che. kurAnano artha "jAhera karavuM ke "vAMcavuM evo thAya che.

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194 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo kurAnanI surAo nAnI-moTI che. moTAmAM moTI surAmAM 286 Ayata che. jyAre nAnAmAM nAnI surAmAM mAtra traNa ja Ayato che. A Ayato vedanI RcAonI mAphaka gAI zakAya tevI ane kAvyarasathI sabhara che. kurAnanI zailI utkRSTa, suMdara ane rasika hovAthI sAhityanI dRSTie kurAna uttama kRti che. A graMthamAM islAma dharmanA siddhAMto tathA allAhanA svarUpanuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. mahaMmadanA mRtyu pachI hajarata usmAne kurAnanI racanA karelI che. eka IzvaramAM zraddhA, pavitra jIvana, nItinA siddhAMto temaja gulAmo, bALako ane strIo tarapha premabharyuM vartana rAkhavA upara A graMthamAM bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. islAmI dezonA kAyadA ghaDavAmAM tathA muslima saMskRtinA vikAsa ane ghaDataramAM A graMthe Apelo phALo asAdhAraNa che. musalamAno A graMtha pratye mAna ane AdarabhAvanI lAgaNI vyakta karavA mATe tenI pAchaLa "zarIpha" vizeSaNa lagADIne tene "kurAne zarIpha' kahe che. kurAna aMge kurAnamAM kahyuM che : "Izvare A graMtha (kurAna) tamArA (mahaMmada sAhebanA) ghaTamAM utAryo che. AnI keTalIka Ayato nizcita Adezo che ne te ja A graMthano pAyo che. bAkInI Ayato daSTAMtarUpa che. jemanA dilamAM vakratA che teo A daSTAMta-Ayatone AdhAre varte che ane teo te dvArA laDAI-jhaghaDAo karavA utsuka rahe che; teo potAno phAvato artha ghaTAve che. paraMtu eno artha Izvara sivAya bIjA koI jANatA nathI."10 2. hadIsaH payagaMbara mahaMmada sAhebanAM rojanAM kAryo ane temanA saMvAdonuM nirUpaNa karatA saMgrahone hadIsa kahevAmAM Ave che. kurAnanA upadezanI zreSTha samajUtI mahaMmada sAhebanI vartaNUka uparathI maLI rahetI hovAthI A saMgrahonuM mahattva ghaNuM vadhI jAya che. bukhArI, muslima, abudAuda, tiramijhI, InnemAjA ane nasAI e che hadIso mukhya che. 4. tAttvika siddhAMto 1. ekezvaravAda : ekezvaravAdanI bhAvanA IslAma dharmanI viziSTatA che. islAmanA A ekezvaravAdanA siddhAMtane tauhIda kahevAmAM Ave che. kurAnamAM lakhyuM che : "je rahamAna (mAtAnA jevA premathI bharelo) ane rahIma (dayALu) che, te allAhanA nAmathI kahI de ke allAha eka che ane sarva kAMI te ja allAhane AdhAre che. te pote na to kadI janma le che na koIne janma Ape che." kurAnanI A surAnuM nAma ja "ala khalAsa" (eka hovuM) che. kurAnamAM vAraMvAra Ave che: ""lA ilAhA illillAha" (e eka sivAya bIjo allAha nathI.) 2. allAhanuM svarUpa : allAhanA svarUpanuM varNana karatAM kurAna kahe che ke allAha sarvazaktimAna, sarvajJa ane nyAyI che. te brahmAMDono zahenazAha che. AkAza

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195 ane pRthvIno mAlika che. jIvana ane mRtyuno sarjaka che. jenA hAthamAM amApa sattA ane abAdhita zakti che. 11 koI tenA jevuM nathI. teo pote ja potAnI upamA che. 12. islAmanA mate allAha mAtra sarvazaktimAna ane kaDaka nyAyAdhIza ja nathI paraMtu maMgalamaya, dayAmaya ane karuNAsAgara che. ""pApanI kSamA karanAro, pazcAttApano svIkAranAro, 13 bhUlA paDelAne rasto batAvanAro, duHkhamAtrathI choDAvanAro, dukhiyAno belI ane AphatamAM paDelAne dilAso denAra che."14 allAha rahIma (dayALu) che te dayALu para dayA kare che. ""jeo pRthvI kare che temanA para tame dayA karo ane AsamAna para che te tamArA para dayA karaze."11 islAmanI kalpanA pramANe allAha jagatano sarjaka ane poSaka che. te jagatanI pAra dUra dUra vasanAro deva che. tenA karatAM adhika to prakRtimAM ane jagatanI ghaTamALamAM vasanAro aMtaryAmI che, 16 ""pUrva ane pazcima allAhanAM ja che mATe tame je dizA tarapha moDhuM pheravazo tyAM allAha tamArI sAme ja che ane tamArI aMdara (paNa) che; tene tame kema jotA nathI ?" 3. mANasanuM svarUpa ane teno allAha sAtheno saMbaMdhaH allAha ane manuSya vacce mAlika baMdA (svAmI-sevaka)no saMbaMdha che. islAma dharma AtmAnA amaratvamAM mAne che paraMtu punarjanmano siddhAMta temAM svIkAravAmAM Avato nathI. yahUdI ane khristI dharmanI jema islAma paNa punarjanmanA siddhAMtane badale kayAmatanA siddhAMtamAM mAne che. kabaramAM sUtelA badhA AtmAo upara khudAno pharito ijharAila dekhabhALa rAkhe che. jyAre duniyA upara pApa vadhI jAya che tyAre sRSTino pralaya thAya che. A samaye kabaramAM sUtelA badhA AtmAo UThIne UbhA thaze ane IjharAIla temane khudAnI samakSa pApapuNyanA nyAya mATe khaDA karaze. khudA dareka AtmAnA karmano pheMsalo karIne puNyazALIone jannata (svarga)nA bagIcAmAM molaze, ane pApAtmAone jahannama (naraka)nI UMDI khAImAM pheMkI deze, jyAM teo akhaMDa vedanAmAM khaDabadatA raheze. 4. karmano siddhAMta ane pApa-puNya aMgenI mAnyatAo : Ama, ApaNe joIe chIe ke islAma dharma dRDhapaNe mAne che ke mANasane tenA sArA-mAThAM karmonuM phaLa bhogavavuM paDe che. "je mANasa eka bAju namAja paDaze, rojA rAkhaze ane dAna karaze tathA bIjI bAju koInI upara jUTho Aropa mUkaze, beImAnI karIne koInApaisA khAI jaze ke koInuM lohI reDaze athavA koIne duHkha deze evA mANasanI namAja,tenA rojA, tenuM dAna kazuM kAmamAM nahi Ave. teNe bIjAM je kaMI sArAM kAma karyA haze te badhAM tenA hisAbamAMthI kApIne teNe jemanA para julama karyo haze temanAhisAbamAM umerI devAmAM Avaze ane ema karavAthI paNa nahi paDe tyAre pelApIDitoe pahelAM jeTalAM pApa karyo haze te temanA hisAbamAMthI bAda karIne A julakaranAranAM pApomAM umerI devAmAM Avaze."18

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196 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo je koI satkarma karaze ane IzvaramAM vizvAsa rAkhaze tene potAnAM kRtyonuM sAruM phaLa maLaze."19 5. mokSanuM svarUpa ane mokSaprAptinAM sAdhano : kayAmatanA divasa pachI jahannamamAM javuM na paDe ane jannatanI prApti thAya e mAnavajIvananuM aMtima dhyeya gaNAyuM che. ""he zAMtidhArI AtmA ! tuM tArA paravaradigAra pAse evI sthitimAM pAcho phara ke tuM tenAthI rAjI hoya ane te tArAthI rAjI hoya. tuM mArA khAsa baMdAomAM dAkhalA thaI jA ane tuM mArA jannatamAM cAlyo Ava."20 IslAma dharma pramANe mANasonA jIvananA A aMtima dhyeyanI prAptinAM sAdhano tarIke "ImAna' ane "dIna'ne gaNAvI zakAya, kAraNa ke A baMnemAM IslAma dharmanA samagra siddhAMto AvI jAya che. AthI ApaNe A be bAbatono paricaya meLavIe. a. ImAna : ImAna eTale vizvAsa athavA zraddhA. dareka IslAmIne cha bAbatomAM zraddhA dharAvavAnuM pharamAna che: 1. allAha, 2. phirastA, 3. kurAne zarIpha, 4. payagaMbaro, 5. kayAmata ane 6. kismata. A cha paikI allAha, kurAne zarIpha ane kyAmata aMge ApaNe agAu joI gayAM chIe. bAkInI traNa bAbato aMgenI islAma dharmanI mAnyatAo nIce pramANe che : 1. phirastAo H phirastAo khudAnA khidamatagAro che. phirastAo AkAzamAM viharatA rahe che ane khudAnI vahIo (saMdezAo) payagaMbarone pahoMcADavAnuM kAma kare che. jibrAIla nAmanA phirastAe mahaMmada sAhebane khudAnI vahIo pahoMcADI che. IjharAIla kabaranI dekhabhALa rAkhanAra phirasto che. khudAnA A kAryavAhakomAM zraddhApUrvaka mAnavAno ane zetAnamAM nahi mAnavAno kurAnamAM Adeza apAyo che. 2. payagaMbaro payagAma lAve te payagaMbara. duniyA upara potAno payagAma pahoMcADavA mATe allAha jene pasaMda kare che te payagaMbaro athavA rasUlo kahevAya che. AM rasUlo jagatamAM khudAI nUra pragaTa kare che. mAnavajAtinA utkarSa mATe khudAe aneka rasUlone mokalyA che. sauthI chellA rasUla mahaMmada sAheba che. AthI mahaMmada sAhebano upadeza pramANabhUta manAya che. pratyeka muslima A bAbatamAM saMpUrNa zraddhA dharAve che. 3. kismata : kismata eTale nasIba. allAha samagra vizvano sarjanahAra hovAthI teNe potAnI icchAthI mANasonAM sukha ane duHkha nakkI karyA che. temAM mAnavI pheraphAra karavA samartha nathI. AthI prArabdhamAM ane khudAmAM zraddhA rAkhI AvI paDelAM duHkho sahana karavA ane temAMthI pAra UtaravuM e dareka musalamAnanI pharaja che. ba. dInaH islAma dharmanuM bIjuM aMga "dIna' che. dinano artha dharmAcaraNa thAya che. kurAnamAM pharamAvelA pAMca pavitra kAryo karavAno dareka muslimane Adeza

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IslAma dharma 197 ApavAmAM Avyo che. "dIna'mAM samAveza pAmatAM islAma dharmanAM A pAMca pavitra kAryo dharmanA rukana-staMbha tarIke oLakhAya che. islAma dharmanI imArata je pAMca rukana upara caNAyelI che te A pramANe che : 1. kalamo, 2. namAja, 3. rojA, 4. jakAta ane pa. haja. AmAMnA 1 ane 2 ne bhaktinI abhivyakti sAthe saMbaMdha che. 3 ane 5 ne vairAgya sAthe saMbaMdha che. ane naitika siddhAMto sAthe saMbaMdha che. pratyekanI spaSTatA AgaLa upara je te vibhAgamAM karIzuM. 5. naitika siddhAMto : sadAcaraNa para islAma dharma khAsa bhAra mUke che. "huM kahuM chuM ke koI mANasa je zAMta, sadAcArI ane bIjAnA sukhe sukhI rahe che te narakamAM nathI jato." behakI nAmanA graMthamAM lakhyuM che : "tame tamArI taraphathI mane cha bAbatanI khAtarI Apo ane huM tamane svarganI khAtarI ApuM chuM. 1. jyAre bolo tyAre satya bolo. 2. vacana Apo te pALo. 3. koIno vizvAsaghAta na karo. 4. durAcArathI baco. 5. najara haMmezAM nIcI rAkho ane 6. koInA para jabaradastI na karo." paMDita suMdaralAla lakhe che: "mahaMmada sAhebanA jamAnAmAM arabastAnamAM sauthI vadhAre phelAyelA durguNo, jemane kurAnamAM bhArapUrvaka vakhoDavAmAM AvyA che ane jemanI bilakula manAI karavAmAM AvI che te A hatA: zarAbakhorI, vyabhicArI, bahupatnItva, bALakIonI hatyA, amaryAda jugAra, vyAjakhorI ane tene bahAne lokone lUMTavA temaja jaMtaramaMtara jevI bAbatomAM aMdhazraddhA.21 "ahamadamAM abu umAmA lakhe che, koIe pUchyuM : "he payagaMbara, ImAna zI cIja che?" temaNe javAba Apyo : "jo tane satkArya karatAM AnaMda thAya ane duSkarma karatAM duHkha thAya to tuM ImAnadAra che." teNe pUchyuM, "ane pApa zI vastu che?" uttara maLyo : "je koI kAma karatAM tArA AtmAne AghAta lAge (te pApa che) te na karIza." Ama, islAma dharmamAM sadAcArI jIvanane dharmanA sArarUpa mAnyuM che. ane jakAtane dharmano staMbha gaNavAmAM Avyo che. jakAtaH dAna athavA kherAtane jakAta kahe che. pote kamAyeluM pote ja vAparavuM e pApa che. emAMthI amuka bhAga garIba, anAtha ane phakIrone mATe kADhavo ja joIe. jemanI sthiti garIba na hoya tevA badhA ja musalamAnone jakAta ApavAnuM pharamAna che. A jakAtanAM nANAM jAhera tijorImAM rAkhavAmAM Ave che ane te nANAno upayoga garIbonuM poSaNa karavAmAM, rogIonI sAravAra karavAmAM, kedIone choDAvavAmAM, devAdAranuM devuM pheDavavAmAM ane musApharonI sevAmAM thAya che. A pharajanA pAlana dvArA musalamAnomAM bhrAtRbhAvanA keLavAya che ane amuka aMze Arthika asamAnatA dUra thAya che.

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198 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo kurAnamAM kahyuM che ke ""he zraddhALuo ! potAnI sAcI kamAInA zuddha bhAgamAMthI dAna Apo - evI vastuomAMthI ke je Izvare tamane jamInamAMthI utpanna karI dIdhI che; tame pharI pharI dAna karI zako te hetuthI tame harAmanI kamAI tarapha dRSTi na doDAvo." "jo tame jAhera rIte dAna karI zako to sAruM che paNa jo tame gupta rIte garIbone dhana Apo to te vadhAre sAruM che. Ama karavAthI tamArAM bUrAM kAryo osaratAM jAya che; tame je karo cho tenI jANa Izvarane che." (2-271)23 mahaMmada sAhebe kahyuM che : ""potAno paDozI pAse ja bhUkhyo paDyo hoya tyAre je mANasa pote peTa bharIne khAya che te momIna (ImAnadAra) nathI." - baihakI eka vAra mahaMmada sAheba sapharamAMthI madIne pAchA AvyA ane potAnI putrI phAtamAne maLavA sIdhA tene tyAM gayA. putrInA gharamAM be cIjo navI hatI. eka rezamI kApaDano TukaDo paDadAnI peThe eka daravAjA para laTakato hato ane phAtamAnA hAthamAM cAMdInAM kaDAM hatAM. A joIne mahaMmada sAheba pAchA page masjidamAM pAchA AvyA ane tyAM besIne rovA lAgyA. phAtamAe potAnA putra hasanane pUchavA mokalyo ke nAnA ATalA jaladI kema pAchA gayA. hasane jaIne nAnAne kAraNa pUchyuM. payagaMbara sAhebe javAba Apyo : "masjidamAM loko bhUkhyA beThA hoya ane mArI dIkarI cAMdInAM kaDAM pahere tathA rezama vApare e joIne mane zarama AvI !" hasane jaIne mAne kahyuM. phAtamAe tarata ja kaDAM bhAMgIne te ja rezamanA kakaDAmAM bAMdhIne pitAne mokalI dIdhAM. mahaMmada sAheba khuza thayA ane kaDAM tathA kApaDa vecIne roTI maMgAvI ane garIbone vaheMcI dIdhI. pachI temaNe sAtamA pAse jaIne kahyuM, "have tuM, kharekhara mArI dIkarI che."24 anya naitika saguNo aMge mahaMmada sAhebano upadeza joIe. 1. mAbApanI sevAH "potAnAM mAbApa sAthe sadAcArathI varto-jo temAMthI koI eka ke baMne gharaDAM thaI jAya to temane leza paNa mAThuM na lAgavA do, temane koI AkarI vAta na kaho, emanI sAthe vAtacIta karo to premathI ane namratAthI karo, temanI pAse vivekapUrvaka raho, emanA pratye sabhAvanA rAkho tathA Izvara pAse mAgo : "he bhagavAna emanA upara dayA varasAva, kAraNa ke emaNe mane nAnethI moTo karyo che.25 laDAInA divasomAM koIe AvIne kahyuM : ""he payagaMbara, huM (allAhane mATe) laDAImAM javA icchuM chuM." mahaMmada sAhebe tene pUchyuM: "tArI mA jIve che?" pelAe kahyuM, ""hA." mahaMmada sAhebe pharI pUchyuM: "zuM bIjuM koI tenuM pAlana-poSaNa karanAra che ?" pelAe javAba Apyo : "nA." mahaMmada sAhebe kahyuM : ""to jA, tArI mAnI sevA kara, kAraNa ke kharekhara tenAM ja caraNo nIce svarga che."26 2. bhalAIH "ane jo tame koI para badalo levA lAgo to eTalo ja badalo

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IslAma dharma 199 lo jeTalo tamArI sAthe durvyavahAra thayo hoya. paraMtu tame jo dhIrajapUrvaka sahana karI lyo to dhairya dharanArane aMte sAruM ja phaLa maLaze; ane tame bairya dharo paNa dhIraja dharavAnuM allAhanI madadathI ja thaI zakaze. tame bIjAnI ciMtA na karo ane enI phIkara na karo ke teo zI zI yuktio yoje che kharekhara je bUrAIthI vegaLA che ane bIjAonI sAthe bhalAI kare che tenI sAthe allAha che."27 3. bhrAtRbhAvanAH allAha eka che e uparathI ja mANaso badhA eka che evuM tAraNa kurAne kADhyuM che. ""sarve mANaso eka ummata eTale eka koma che."28 "sau mANaso eka ja koma"nA siddhAMtathI islAme nAnA-moTA, amIragarIba, UMca-nIca, nAta-jAta, kuLa, vaMza, raMka, gulAma ane mAlika vagerenA sarva bhedo dUra karIne sau mANaso samAna hovA para atizaya bhAra mUkyo che. kurAnamAM kahyuM che : "allAhanA baMdAomAM keTalAka evA che jeo nathI payagaMbara ke nathI zahIda. paraMtu allAha samakSa temane sanmAna pAmatA joIne payagaMbaro ane zahIdo paNa IrSA karaze. A te baMdAo che je kevaLa potAnA sagAMne ja nahi paNa badhAM mAnavIone cAhe che. temanA caherA allAhanA nUra (prakAza)thI camakaze. bIjA lokone mATe paralokamAM kazo bhaya ke zoka hoya ke na hoya, A lokone mATe kazo bhaya ke zoka nahi hoya."29 4. namratA: "allAhe mane hukama Apyo che ke namIne cAla ane nAno banIne rahe jethI karIne bIjAthI tuM UMco na thaI jAya temaja bIjA karatAM moTo hovAno ghamaMDa na kara. jenA manamAM ratibhAra paNa ghamaMDa che te kadI svargamAM nathI jaI zakazo. sau mAnavIo AdamanAM saMtAna che ane Adama mATImAMthI pedA thato hato."30 5. nyAya ane satyaH "tame islAmIo ! nyAyanA pakSe rahejo. jyAre tame sAkSI Apo tyAre Izvarane hAjara rAkhIne Apajo. tArI jubAnI bhale tArI potAnI, tArAM mAbApanI ke tArAM vahAlAM saMtAnonI viruddha jatI hoya ke pachI koI garIba ke tavaMgara vizenI hoya paraMtu haMmezAM tuM satyane vaLagI raheje."31 "jyAre koIne koI paNa cIja mApIne Apo tyAre barAbara mApIne Apajo, toLIne Apo to trAjavuM ne kATalAM sAcAM rAkhajo, A ja sadAcAra che ane chevaTe tethI ja tamAruM bhaluM thavAnuM che."32 "anyAyathI koIno mAla haDapavAno prayatna na karo tathA kacerIomAM paisAnA baLe adhikArIone potAnA pakSamAM levAnI koziza na karo; ane evuM na karo jethI tame adharmathI koInA mAlamAMthI kAMI bhAga paDAvo."33 6. akrodhaH "baLavAna te nathI je bIjAone nIce pADI nAkhe; ApaNAmAM baLavAna te che je potAnA gussAne kAbUmAM rAkhe che."34

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200 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 7. jIvadayA : abdullA kahe che ke, ekavAra ame payagaMbara sAthe musApharI karatA hatA. ame eka pakSI joyuM. tenI sAthe be baccAM hatAM. ame baccAMne pakaDI lIdhAM. temanI mA TaLavaLavA lAgI. payagaMbare amArI pAse AvIne kahyuM : "AnA bacyAM chInavIne Ane koNe kanaDI? enAM baccAM ene pAchAM ApI do." - abudAuda. "eka vAra eka jaNa koI paMkhInA mALAmAMthI keTalAMka iMDAM corI lAvyo. payagaMbare tarata ja pAchAM te ja jagyAe mUkAvI dIdhAM." "sau prANIo paramAtmAnuM kuTuMba che ane je A paramAtmAnA kuTuMbanuM bhaluM kare che te paramAtmAne sauthI priya che."35 8. kSamA naikI (sadvartana) tathA badI (durvartana) samAna hotA nathI mATe tuM durvartananI sAme sArAmAM sAruM vartana karIne tene haThAva.36 6. bhaktibhAvanA : 1. bhaktibhAvanAnuM svarUpa : islAma dharmanA svAmI-sevakabhAvathI khudAnI baMdagI-ibAdata (bhakti-upAsanA) karavAmAM Ave che. joke islAma dharmamAM pAchaLathI uddabhavelA sUphI paMthanA anuyAyIo Azaka-mAzUka bhAve allAhane bhaje che. mahaMmada sAheba namAja vakhate A pramANe prArthanA karatA : "eka satyazodhaka tarIke huM tenA tarapha moM karuM chuM, jeNe AsamAna ane jamIna banAvyAM che. huM eka allAha sAthe bIjA koIne sAmela karato nathI. kharekhara mArI prArthanA, mArI bhakti, mAruM jIvana ane mAruM mRtyu-badhuM allAhane mATe che. te AkhA jagatano mAlika che. teno koI bhAgIdAra nathI. huM teno ja dAsa chuM. huM muslima jaNe potAnuM sarva kAMI Izvara para choDI dIdhuM hoya te) chuM. he allAha, tuM ja amAro bAdazAha che. tArA sivAya amAre koInI IbAdata na karavI joIe. tuM mAro mAlika che ne huM tAro dAsa chuM."39 kurAnamAM kahyuM che : "jeo bhakto che teno rakSaka bhagavAna che; bhagavAna temane aMdhArAmAMthI prakAzamAM laI jAya che."38 2. bhaktibhAvanAnI abhivyakti kalamo ane namAja dvArA allAha pratyenI bhaktibhAvanA prakaTa thAya che. IslAma dharmanA staMbharUpa A baMneno paricaya meLavIe. 1. kalamoH kalamo eTale maMtra. mahaMmada payagaMbarane jibrAIla dvArA sauprathama je maMtra maLyo hato tenuM avAranavAra raTaNa karavAno islAma dharmamAM Adeza che. A maMtra A pramANe che : "lA ilAhA illillAha muhammadura rasUlallAha" eTale ke, "allAha eka che ane hajarata mahaMmada enA payagaMbara che." A maMtranA paThananI kriyAne "kalamo paDhavo" ema kahevAmAM Ave che. 2. namAja namAja eTale khudAnI baMdagI, prArthanA, ibAdata, stuti. dareka pukhta vayanA muslima mATe divasamAM pAMca vakhata namAja paDhavAnuM pharajiyAta che : 1. savAre, 2. bapore, 3. namatA pahore, 4. sUryAsta samaye ane 5. rAtre. .

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IslAma dharma 201 namAja pahelAM hAtha-paga-moM vagerene pANIthI dhoI svaccha karavAno Adeza che ene 'vajU' kahe che. namAja ekalA ke samUhamAM paDhI zakAya che. samUhamAM namAja paDhavAno mahimA vadhAre che. garIba ane tavaMgara, mAlika ane gulAma, sau khabhekhabhA milAvIne masjidamAM ekasAthe namAja paDhe che. AthI muslima samAjamAM ekatA, samAnatA ane zistanI bhAvanA pragaTe che. namAja paDhatI vakhate musalamAno makkA tarapha mukha rAkhe che. namAjanA samaye masjidanI rAMga uparathI bAMga pokAranAra muslimone samUhaprArthanA mATe AmaMtre che. bAMga-hAkalanA zabdono artha thAya che ke, "allAha sarvathI mahAna che. allAha sivAya bIjo koI pUjAne yogya nathI. mahaMmada allAhano rasUla che. namAja paDhavA padhAro, vijayI thavA padhAro. allAha sivAya bIjo koI deva nathI." hadIsamAM namAja aMge lakhyuM che : "namAja e nirmaLa pANInuM jharaNuM che je tamAre bAraNethI vahe che. temAM divasamAM pAMca vAra snAna karo." dareka dharmamAM bhaktibhAvanAnI abhivyaktinI dRSTie amuka divaso mahattvanA hoya che. islAma dharmamAM ramajhAna ida, bakarI, Ida, Ide milAda ane moharama e cAra A daSTie mahattvanA che. 7. vairAgyabhAvanA : vairAgyabhAvanAnuM svarUpa H islAma dharmanA graMthomAM A phAnI duniyAmAMthI Asakti ghaTADavAno upadeza avAranavAra najare paDe che : 1. abudAuda nAmanA hadIsamAM kahyuM che : "A duniyAno moha rAkhavo, (tene apanAvavI) e ja badhAM pAponuM mULa che." 2. ""mane mArA lokone mATe je be vastuono sauthI vadhAre Dara che te bhogavilAsa ane moTA thavAnI icchA che. bhogavilAsa mANasane satyathI calita kare che ane moTA thavAnI icchAmAM phasAIne mANasa paralokane bhUlI jAya che. A duniyA rahevAnI nathI ane paraloka bahu pAse che. baMnenA potapotAnA vAraso che. tamArAthI banI zake to tame A duniyAnA vArasa thaIne na rahezo. kharekhara Aje tame karmabhUmi (kamANInI duniyA)mAM cho ane kAle A karmabhUmimAMthI nIkaLIne paramAtmA samakSa tamAre tamArA karmono hisAba Apavo paDaze."39 islAma dharmanA AdhArastaMbha gaNatA rojA ane haja dvArA islAma dharmanI vairAgyabhAvanA abhivyakta thAya che. rojA : rojA eTale upavAsa-dareka musalamAnane ramajhAna mAsamAM rojA rAkhavAnuM pharamAna che. kurAnamAM lakhyuM che : "tamane rojA karavAnuM kahyuM che jethI tame pApa sAme tamAruM rakSaNa karo." Ama, Atmazuddhi mATe rojA rAkhavAmAM Ave che.

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202 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo maLasakAthI mAMDIne sUryAsta sudhI kaMI paNa khAvAno ke pIvAno niSedha karavAmAM Ave che. rojA daramiyAna mANase potAnA mananA vikAro upara paNa kAbU rAkhavAno hoya che. ramajhAna mahino pavitra gaNAya che. AthI A mahinA daramiyAna dareka muslima rojA rAkhI pavitra rahIne allAhanI IbAdata karavAnI hoya che. haja: makkAnI yAtrAne haja kahevAmAM Ave che. dareka muslime jiMdagImAM eka vAra makkAnI yAtrA karavI joIe, kema ke te mahaMmada sAhebanI janmabhUmi che. vaLI, pavitra kAbAnA paththaranAM darzana paNa karavAM joIe. haja "jilahaja mahinAmAM karavAnI hoya che. haja vakhate amuka niyamonuM pAlana karavAnuM hoya che. A yAtrAnI rIta evI che ke makkA pAMca mAIla dUra rahe eTale vajU karI hAjI' (yAtrALu)nAM vastro paherI khulle page makkAnI masjidamAM javuM. tyAM kAbA zarIphanI sAta vAra pradakSiNA karavI, pAsenA parvata upara caDhavuM ane pachI traNa divasa pAchA makkAmAM rahI madIne jaI hajarata mahaMmadanI kabaranI baMdagI karavI.40 jemAM sodorAno upayoga na hoya evAM be vastro paherIne arAphatanA medAnamAM rAya ane raMka sau eka ja jAtanA sAdA pozAkamAM namAja paDhe che. islAmIona katAne majabUta karanAra e bhavya dekhAva hoya che. haja karIne ghare AvyA bAda amuka niyamo jALavI rAkhavAnA hoya che. haja karI AvelA muslimane "hAjI' kahevAmAM Ave che. upasaMhAraH kurAnamAM dharmasahiSNutAno Adeza apAyo che te juo : "dharmanI bAbatamAM koI paNa jAtanI jabaradastI hovI na joIe."41 kurAnanA mata mujaba badhA dharmanA pravartakoe A ja mULa siddhAMtano upadeza karyo che : "eka IzvaranI pUjA ane satkarma." maulAnA abula kalAma AjhAda lakhe che : "kurAne kevaLa te ja dharma pravartakone sAcA nathI mAnyA jenAM nAma tenI sAme hatA. paNa spaSTa zabdomAM kahI dIdhuM ke mArA pahelAM jeTalA rasUla ane dharmapravartako thaI gayA che te saune sAcA mAnuM chuM, ane temanAmAMthI koI ekane paNa sAcA na mAnavA tene huM IzvaranI satyatAno InkAra karavA barAbara samajuM chuM. kurAne koI dharmavALA pAse evI apekSA nathI rAkhI ke te potAno dharma tajI de. balle jyAre apekSA rAkhI hoya tyAre e ja rAkhI che ke sau potapotAnA dharmanA asala zikSaNa pramANe AcaraNa kare, kema ke sau dharmanuM asala zikSaNa eka ja che."42

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IslAma dharma 203 saMdarbhasUci je je 4 4 v $ $ 1. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 223. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma, pR. 26. Ameer Ali, The Spirit of Islam, P. 98. kurAna, 96 : 1-5 ejana, 74 : 1-7. EUR. Ameer Ali, The Spirit of Islam, P. 83. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma, pR. 92-93. ejana, pR. 63. E. Smith Boswarth, Mohmad and Mohmadism, P. 38. 10. kurAna, 3-6. 99. Ameer Ali, Spirit of Islam. P. 940. 12. kurAna, 112 : 1-4. 13. ejana, 40 : 3 14. rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, pR. 157. 15. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma pR. 134. 16. rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, pR. 158. 17. kurAna, 51 - 21 18. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma, pR. 13pa. 19. kurAna, 21 : 94 20. rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, pR. 162. 21. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata ane islAma, pR. 144. 22. rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, pR. 162. 23. paMDita suMdaralAla, gItA ane kurAna, pR. 200. 24. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma, pR. 134

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204 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 25. paMDita suMdaralAla, gItA ane kurAna, pR. 196 26. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma, pR. 134 27. paMDita suMdaralAla, gItA ane kurAna, pR. 42 28. kurAna, 2 : 213 29. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma, pR. 133-134 30. ejana, pR. 134-135 39. Ameer Ali, The Spirit of Islam, P. 949. 32. paMDita suMdaralAla, gItA ane kurAna, pR. 197. 33. ejana, pR. 199. 34. paMDita suMdaralAla, gItA ane kurAna, pR. 131. 3pa. ejana, pR. 131-133. 36. rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, pR. 160 37. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma, pR. 141. 38. kurAna, 2 : 257 39. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma, pR. 137 40. AnaMdazaMkara bA. dhruva, dharmavarNana, pR. 230 41. kurAna, 2 : 256 42. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma, pR. 129

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prakaraNa-13 kanphayuziyasa dhamI - kailAsabahena paTela prAstAvika : cInanI saMskRti ati prAcIna che. A saMskRtine adyApiparyata jIvaMta rAkhanArAM paribaLomAM kaphyuziyasa dharma mukhya che. cInamAM mukhya traNa dharmo pracalita che : (1) tAo dharma, (2)bauddha dharma ane (3)kaphyuziyasa dharma. Ama hovA chatAM koI paNa cInI nAgarika kevaLa tAo dharmI ke bauddha dharmo che ema kahevAnuM zakya nathI, kAraNa ke cInanI koI paNa dhArmika ke sAMskRtika paraMparA kaphyuziyasa dharmanI asarathI mukta nathI. cInanA A mahAna dharmanI sthApanA mahAtmA kanphayuziyasa dvArA I.sa. pUrve chaThThI sadImAM thaI hatI. mahAtmA kaphyuziyasanuM jIvana : I.sa. pUrve paparamAM cInanA zAstuMga prAMtamAM vasatA 70 varSanI uMmaranA eka sainikane potAnA vArasadAra aMgenI ciMtA thaI ane teNe e uMmare eka umadA kuTuMbanI 18 varSanI sukanyA sAthe lagna karyuM. A kanyAe potAnA vRddha patine eka varSa pachI (I.sa. pUrve 551) eka panotA putranI bheTa dharI. A panotA putra te ja mahAtmA kaphyuziyasa kaphyuziyasanI aTaka kuMga hatI. ""kuMga phu -- (guruvarya kaMga) tarIke cInanI prajA emanA pratye niraMtara Adara dAkhavatI rahI che."4 kanphayuziyasanA "pUrvajo asala suga rAjyanA umarAvo hatA. pAchaLathI e amIra kuTuMba ghUnA rAjyamAM AvyuM ane tyAM ja emaNe sthAyI nivAsa karyo.pa kaphyuziyasanA janma pachI traNa varSe temanA pitA zuliyAMga ho - (Shuliang Ho) nuM avasAna thayuM hatuM. Ama temanAM mAtA ciMgatsAIe temanA pratye mAtA ane pitA baMnenI pharajo bajAvI hatI. ane tethI kaphyuziyasane temanAM mAtA pratye apAra Adara hato. kaphyuziyasa eka tejasvI vidyArthI hatA. kuTuMbanA bharaNapoSaNa mATe kamANI karatAM karatAM temaNe vidyAbhyAsa pUro karyo. sattarame varSe teo sarakArI nokarImAM

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206 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo joDAyAM. ogaNIsame varSe temanuM lagna thayuM ane traNa varSa pachI temaNe patnIne chUTAcheDA ApyA. Ama temanuM lagnajIvana bahu saphaLa na hatuM. joke tenAthI temanI eka putranI prApti thaI hatI, jenA vArasadAro Aje paNa che. A vArasadAro hajI paNa zAntaga prAntamAM vase che ane teo mahAna karyuziyasanA vArasadAro hovAthI temane paNa cInanI prajA atyaMta AdarathI mAna Ape che. pote svIkArelI sarakArI nokarIne kAraNe prApta thatAM kartavyonA anusaMdhAnamAM kaphyuziyase eka vAra jamIna aMgenA jhaghaDAmAM phasAyelA lokone kleza ane kaMkAsanI AraMbha thayo. A pachI teo AjIvana zikSaka rahyA. vividha kAraNosara kaphyuziyasane cInanAM aneka rAjyomAM pharatA rahevuM paDyuM hatuM chatAM temaNe dareka ThekANe potAnuM zikSaNakArya cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. sAhitya, saMgIta, itihAsa, nAgarikazAstra ane nItizAstra emanA pravAsI vidyAlaya (Travelling University) nA mukhya viSayo hatA.11 kakyuziyasa cAlIsa varSanA thayA tyAM sudhImAM jenA vicAra ane vartanamAM saMpUrNa ekatA che evA siddhAMtaniSTha puruSa tarIke ane cInanI aitihAsika paraMparAnA prakhara vidvAna tarIke emanI pratiSThA jAgI cUkI hatI. 12 emanI pahelAMnA jamAnAmAM cInamAM ema manAtuM ke suvidhA ane saMskAritA mATenA sAcA adhikArI kevaLa amIraumarAvo ja che. 13 kaphyuziyase "suvidhA ane saMskAra sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya mAnavIne paNa sulabha karI ApavAno mArga cIMdhyo ane cInanA itihAsamAM pahelI ja vakhata khAnagI ane vyaktigata zikSaNa ApavAnI navI praNAlI emaNe sthApI."14 kaphyuziyasa temanA tamAma ziSyo sAthe aMgata ghaniSTha saMbaMdha rAkhatA hatA.15 Ama teo premALa zikSaka hatA. temanA ziSyonA mata pramANe "gura cAra doSothI mukta hatA. te pahelethI mAnI besatA nahi; te pahelethI ja svataMtra rIte nirNaya karI besatA nahi; te durAgrahI na hatA ane temanAmAM ahaMkAra na hato."16 "emanA ziSyo judA judA rAjyanA vatanI hatA ane temAMnA ghaNAkharA raMka kuTuMbomAM janmyA hatA. evA ziSyomAMthI sittereka ziSyo to rAjanItijJa puruSo tarIke athavA keLavaNIkAra tarIke sArI nAmanA meLavI zakyA."17 zikSaka tarIkenA temanA vyaktitvano khyAla temanAM nIcenAM vAkyo parathI Avaze : (1) "mArI upadezavALAmAM sukkA mAMsano kakaDo mAtra bheTa tarIke arpanAra puraSathI mAMDIne vizeSa samRddhivALA koI paNa mANasane meM mAro upadeza ApavAnI kadI nA pADI nathI."18 (2) "je vidyArthI sunItinA siddhAMtone jANavAne utsuka hoya chatAM jIrNa vastro ane sAdA khorAkanI jene zarama AvatI hoya te hajI upadezagrahaNane mATe lAyaka thayo nathI."19

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kanphayuziyasa dharma 207 (3) ""madhyama mArgano sonerI upadeza grahaNa karI zake evA ziSyo ane na maLI zakatA hoya to paNa mahattvAkAMkSA ane vivekazakti vAparanArA to mArA ziSyo hovA ja joIe, kAraNa ke mahattvAkAMkSAvALA je hoya te pragati karI zake che ane temanI pakaDa paNa sArI hoya che, ane je vivekazakti vAparanArA hoya che te keTalIka vastuo to maMjUra rAkhavAnI nA ja pADe evI prakRtinA hoya che."20 kaphyuziyase ucca sarakArI hoddAo paNa zobhAvyA hatA. teo jyAre nyAyamaMtrI tarIke bhUmAM kAma karatA hatA tyAre temaNe nIcenAM vacano uccAryA hatAM : "mukadmAmAM nyAya cUkavanAra tarIke kAma karavAthI huM kaMI bIjA mANaso karatAM caDhiyAto nathI. paNa khacIta je mahattvanuM kArya ApaNe siddha karavAnuM che te e ke mukadamAno prasaMga ja na Ave."21 "loko evA keLavAyelA thavA joIe ke nyAyAsanA AgaLa UbhA rahevAnI jarUra ja paDe nahIM."22 nyAyamaMtrI tarIkenI temanI kArakirdI daramiyAna temaNe rAjyane kevuM namUnedAra banAvyuM hatuM teno khyAla nIcenA kathana parathI Avaze : "aprAmANikatA ane durAcaraNanI saune zarama AvatI. vaphAdArI ane daDha zraddhA pratyeka puruSanI lAkSaNikatA banI gaI hatI. pAtivratya ane bhaktibhAvathI dareka strI zobhatI hatI. dUra dUranAM zaheromAMthI aneka loko A rAjya pratye AkarSAtA ane pratyeka vyaktinA mukhamAMthI devatulya kanphayuziyasanAM stutivacano saheje sarakI paDatAM hatAM."23 saMniSTha sarakArI amaladAra ane uttama prakAranA zikSaka tarIkenI kAmagIrI bajAvavA uparAMta kaphyuziyase cInanI sAMskRtika paraMparAone lagatA pAMca suprasiddha praziSTa graMtho (classics) nuM saMkalana ane saMpAdana karyuM hatuM. 24 "73 varSanI vaye kakyuziyasanuM avasAna thayuM tyAra pachI e pAMca mahAgraMtho dvArA prakAzana pAmelA gurujInA vicAro e ziSyoe bhaviSyanI prajAnA aMtaramAM saMkrAMta karyA ane e rIte e upadezonI paraMparA jamAnAo sudhI uttarottara saMgrahAyelI rahI. cInanI prAcIna vidyA tathA saMskRtine e ziSyo taraphathI paNa potapotAnI AgavI vicAraNAno lAbha maLyAthI e vidyA tathA saMskRti baLavattara banyAM hatAM."25 potAnA jIvananI tavArIkha ApatAM kaphyuziyase kahyuM che ke "paMdara varSanI uMmare huM vidyopArjanamAM tallIna banyo, trIsa varSanI uMmare koInI paNa sAme aDaga UbhA rahetAM huM zIkhyo, cALIsa varSanI uMmare mArI bhramaNAo TaLI ane huM saMzayamukta thayo, pacAsa varSanI uMmare huM prabhunA niyamo samajato thayo, sATha varSanI uMmare satyanA zravaNane mATe huM Adarayukta thayo, sittera varSanI uMmare sunItinA madhyamamArgane ullaMdhyA vinA mArA hRdayanI preraNAne anusaravAnuM sAmarthya mArAmAM AvyuM."26

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208 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo je. bI. nosa yathArtha kahe che ke, "kanphayuziyasanAM uparyukta kathano mAtra temanuM jIvanavRttAMta ja nathI, paNa jIvanasaMdeza paNa che."27 temanA maraNa pachI temanA ziSyoe traNa varSa sudhI zoka karyo ane eka ziSya to kanphayuziyasanI samAdhi AgaLa cha varSa sudhI besI rahyo."28 devatAI DahApaNa ane saMpUrNa sAdhutA mArAmAM hovAno huM dAvo karato nathI'29 evuM kaphyuziyasanuM namra kathana che, paNa kaphyuziyasa dharmamAM mahAtmA kaphyuziyasane daivI ke avatArI puruSa tarIke mAnavAmAM ane pUjavAmAM Ave che. kaphyuziyasa dharmanA zAstragraMtho : kaphyuziyasa dharmanA zAstragraMtho (a) pAMca praziSTa kRtio (five classics) ane (ba) cAra graMtho (four Books) no samAveza thAya che. pAMca praziSTa kRtionuM saMpAdana karyuziyase pote kareluM jyAre cAra graMtho emanA ziSyoe racelA che.30 (a) pAMca praziSTa kRtioH (1) kavitAno graMtha (zikiMga - Shiking) : AmAM laukika ane dhArmika kavitAono saMgraha karavAmAM Avyo che. ItihAsano graMtha (zukiMga - Shuking) : AmAM cInanA prAcIna itihAsane lagatA dastAvejono saMgraha che. bhaviSya graMtha (ikiMga - Yiking) : AmAM vividha saMyogomAM mAnavanuM bhAvi nakkI karatI jIvanadaSTinI rajUAta karavAmAM AvI che. vasaMta ane zaradano graMtha (yu nuM ciu - Chunch'iu) : AmAM kaphyuziyase cokkasAIsAdhaka paribhASA vikasAvI che ane I.sa. pUrve 782 thI 481 sudhInA cInanA itihAsanuM vigatavAra nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. (5) vidhiono graMtha (lIkI - Liki) : AmAM judI judI vidhio temaja AcAranA aucityanuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. kaphyuziyase saMpAdita karelI kRtiono "bIjA prakAre che je vibhAga karavAmAM Avyo che temAM eka vadhArAno graMtha umeravAmAM Avyo che. mAbApa tarapha dhArmika pharaja-hasIAo kiMga-jemAM putroe mAtApitA pratye kema vartana rAkhavuM tenA vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che."31 (ba) cAra graMthoH (1) enAle (lunayuM - Lunyu): AmAM kaphyuziyasanAM ane temanA keTalAka ziSyonAM vacanAmRtono saMgraha che. kaphyuziyasa dharmanA siddhAMtonI samajUtI mATe A sauthI vadhAre agatyano AdhAragraMtha che. 32

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kanphayuziyasa dharma 209 (2) mahAvidyA (tAsIo - Tahsueh) : AmAM kaphyuziyasa dharmanA siddhAMtonuM zaikSaNika daSTie nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che ane tethI A graMthano cInanA paraMparAgata zikSaNamAM pAThyapustaka tarIke upayoga karavAmAM Avato hato. (3) madhyama mArga (cuMga yaMga - chungyung) : AmAM madhyamamArganA siddhAMtonuM ane kaphyuziyasa dharmanI tAttvika dhAraNAonuM spaSTIkaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. (4) mensiasa (meMga-sne) : kaphyuziyasa dharmanA prAcIna vicArakonA maMtavyonA nirUpaNa dvArA A graMthamAM kaphyuziyasa dharmanI tattvadRSTinuM vyavasthita rIte nirUpaNa karavAno prayatna karavAmAM Avyo che. kaphyuziyasa dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMto : kaphyuziyasa dharmanA tAttvika siddhAMtomAM Izvara, AtmA, jagatanuM naitika zAsana ane mANasanA mULabhUta naitika premano samAveza thAya che. (a) IzvaranuM astitva ane AtmAnI amaratA: kanphayuziyasa IzvaranA astitvamAM mAnatA hatA, ema temanAM nIcenAM kathano parathI spaSTa thAya che : (1) amIra prakRtino mANasa prabhunI icchA pratye bhayayukta AdaranI dRSTithI jue che. ""halako mANasa prabhuicchAmAM samajato na hovAthI ene te pratye Adara nathI hoto."33 (2) "mAtra Izvara moTo che.34 (3) "IzvaranI AgaLa huM kaMI phariyAda karato nathI... khacIta prabhu to huM jevo chuM te svarUpe mane oLakhe che."3pa (4) "Izvara bole che? cAre Rtuo niyamasara Ave che ane jAya che ane tamAma cIjo jIvatI paNa rahe che ane vikAsa paNa pAme che chatAM mane kaho ! Izvara bole che ?"36 (5) "pacAsa varSanI uMmare huM prabhunA niyamo samajato thayo."37 "jagatamAM AdhyAtmika paribaLonI zakti sarvatra kArya kare che. A zakti AMkhane mATe adazya ane iMdriyone agocara che paNa te sarva padArthomAM rahelI che ane koI paNa vastu tenI kriyAthI mukta nathI."38 Izvara vizenAM kaphyuziyasanAM uparyukta kathano parathI spaSTa thAya che ke teo Izvarane saguNa mAne che. Izvara paripUrNa ane premALa vyakti che ane tenI aMtaryAmI kriyAzaktine kAraNe sRSTino uddabhava ane vikAsa zakya bane che. IzvaranA astitvanI jema kayuziyasane AtmAnI amaratAno siddhAMta paNa mAnya hato, kAraNa ke teo

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210 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo pitRtarpaNane lagatI vidhionA AgrahI hatA.39 ane jo AtmA amara na hoya to pitRonA AtmA mATe kazuM karavAno artha nathI. kaphyuziyase Izvara ane AtmAnA amaratvano potAnA aMgata maMtavya ane jAhera vyavahAro dvArA svIkAra karyo che. 40 e kharuM paNa kaphyuziyasa dharma A tattvone kendramAM mUkato nathI. kaphyuziyasa dharmanuM kendrIya lakSya mANasano laukika vyavahAra ane sAmAjika vyavasthA che. nIcenA vArtAlApa parathI A muddAnI spaSTatA thaze : ci. lyue maraNa pAmelAMnA sattvo pratye mANasanI pharaja zI che te vize prazna pUchyo. gurujIe javAba Apyo : jIvatAM pratyenI ApaNI pharaja ApaNe bajAvI zakIe te pahelAM marelAMonAM sattvo pratyenI pharaja ApaNe kevI rIte banAvI zakIe ? ci. lyue vAta AgaLa calAvI ane mRtyu vize prazna pUchyo. gurujIe kahyuM : jiMdagI e zuM che te jANyA pahelAM mRtyu e zuM che te ApaNe kevI rIte jANI zakIe ? 41 Ama, kaphyuziyasa dharmane IzvaravAdI ke AtmAvAdI gaNavAne badale mAnavatAvAdI gaNAvavAnuM ja ISTa che. joke, kaphyuziyasano mAnavatAvAda viziSTa che, kAraNa ke emAM Adhunika mAnavatAvAdanI jema pAralaukika tattvono niSedha nathI. (ba) jagatanuM naitika zAsana, mANasono mULabhUta niItiprema ane saMkalpasvAtaMtrya : mAnavatAvAdI dharma tarIke kaphyuziyasa dharma mANasanA mULabhUta svabhAvagata nItiprema para savizeSa bhAra mUke che. kaphyuziyasanA mate, A jagatamAM sarvatra naitika zAsana pravarte che. naitika niyamathI zAsita evA A jagatamAM mANasa paNa apavAda nathI. AthI mANasamAM paNa svabhAvagata mULabhUta nItiprema che.43 Ama kanphayuziyasanA mate, mANasa mULabhUta rIte zivatva ane mAMgalyano cAhaka che ane tenI pAse naitika vikAsa mATenuM saMkalpasvAtaMtrya che. nIcenAM kathano A bAbatanI gavAhI pUre che : (1) "halakI jAtanA manuSyone paNa mahAna Izvare nItinI bhAvanA ApelI che. A bhAvanAne barobara vaLagI rahevAthI A manuSyonA svabhAva avazya zuddha rUpamAM jaNAze." (2) "manuSyano svabhAva kudaratI rIte sAro ja che A prakAre sArA thavAno svabhAva jenAmAM nahi hoya tevA mANaso paNa jagatamAM nathI."44 (3) "kharI sAdhutA mANasanA potAnA hRdayamAMthI udbhave che, bIjA mANaso para eno AdhAra kevI rIte hoI zake ?"kepa

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kanphayuziyasa dharma 211 (4) ""eka moTI senAnA sipAhAlArane tame upADIne laI jAo e bane paraMtu eka sAmAnya mANasanI paNa icchAzaktine tame laI jAo e na bane."46 kaphyuziyasa dharmanA naitika siddhAMto : kaphyuziyasa dharmanI nItimImAMsAmAM nIcenA naitika siddhAMto mahattvanA gaNavAmAM AvyA che : (1) pAMca mahAna saMbaMdho ane temane lAgatA sadguNo (2) pArasparika AtmIyatA ke naitika jIvanano suvarNa niyama (3) uttama mAnavano naitika vaibhava 1. pAMca mahAna saMbaMdho : kaphyuziyasanA mate uttama prakArano sadAcAra (li - Li)9 to ja sthapAya ke jo pratyeka mANasa potAnA sthAna mujabanA saddaguNonuM AcaraNa kare. kaphyuziyasanA mata mujaba vyaktinuM samAjamAM sthAna nakkI karanArA vividha saMbaMdhomAM pAMca saMbaMdho sauthI vadhAre mahattvanA ane tethI mahAna che. A mahAna pAMca saMbaMdho ane temane anurUpa sadguNo nIce pramANe che.48 (1) pitA ane putra : pitAmAM prema ane putramAM pitRbhakti. (2) moTAbhAI ane anuja : moTAbhAImAM saujanya ane nAnA bhAImAM namratA ane AdarabhAva. (3) pati-patnI : patimAM vartaNUkanuM aucitya ane patnImAM AjJAdhInatA. (4) bujhurgo ane yuvAno bujhurgomAM mAnavatA ane yuvAnomAM AmanyA. (5) rAjA ane prajA : rAjAo paropakAra ane prajAmAM vaphAdArI. (pAMca mahAna saMbaMdhomAMnA eka tarIke keTalIkavAra mitra-mitra vacceno saMbaMdha paNa gaNavAmAM Ave che.) uparyukta pAMca mahAna saMbaMdhomAM paNa pitA-putra ane rAjA-prajAnA saMbaMdho para kaphyuziyasa dharme savizeSa bhAra mUkyo che, kAraNa ke kaphyuziyasanA mate, kuTuMba ane rAjya e be sauthI agatyanI sAmAjika saMsthAo che. kaphyuziyasanA mata pramANe, pratyeka pitAnI e gaMbhIra ane moTI javAbadArI che ke te potAnA jIvananA sarvottama udAharaNa dvArA potAnA putrone sadguNo banAve.49 ane pratyeka putranI e pavitra pharaja che ke te pitA jIvatA hoya tyAM sudhI ja nahi, paraMtu te pachI paNa temanA pratyeno AdarabhAva jALavI rAkhe. Ano artha e ke pratyeka putre potAnA pitA jIvatA hoya tyAM sudhI temanI AjJAmAM ane temanA maraNa pachI temanA gamatAmAM rahevuM joIe.pa0

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21 2 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo jevI rIte kuTuMbano vaDo pitA che tevI rIte rAjA e samagra prajAno netA che. rAjAno mukhya saguNo paropakAra che. paropakArI rAjAnA guNo ane tenI rAjanItinA svarUpano khyAla meLavavAmAM kaphyuziyasanAM nIcenAM kathano upayogI thaze : (1) "prajAjano upara zAsana karatI vakhate koI mahAyajJamAM tame yajamAnakRtya karatA ho tevI rIte varte."51 (2) julamI rAjya vAgha jevA hiMsaka prANI karatAM paNa badatara che.para (3) "tamArA hAtha nIcenA mANasone kAma soMpavAnI kALajI rAkho, temanI najIvI bhUlo pratye kSamAzIla vRtti dAkhavo. yogyatAvALA ane kAbela mANasone ja UMcI padavIe caDhAvo."53 "rAjA rAjA tarIkeno dharma bajAve, prajA prajA tarIkeno dharma bajAve, pitA pitA tarIkeno dharma bajAve ane putra putra tarIkeno dharma bajAve e ja rAjazAsananI kaLA."54 tru caMga nAmanA ziSya rAjazAsana vize prazna pUchyo, tenA uttaramAM kaphyuziyase javAba Apyo, "tamArI yojanAo dhIraja ane khaMtathI vicArI kADho ane pachI prAmANika ekaniSThAthI teno amala karo."papa (6) ci kaMga - lUMTArAonA trAsathI ghaNo akaLAI gayo hato. teNe kaphyuziyasanI salAha pUchI. kaphyuziyase javAba Apyo, "jo sAheba, tame tamArI ja dravyalolupatAne dAbamAM rAkho to rAjyamAM jarA paNa corI thaze nahi, corI karanArane mATe inAmanI jAherAta karavAmAM Ave to paNa."56 (7) ci kaMjha 7e kAyadAnuM ullaMghana karavAmAM ja rAcanArAone mAre ziracchedanI zikSA na karavI joIe. evo prazna pUchatAM kaphyuziyase javAba Apyo, "sAheba, ApanI zAsana-vyavasthAmAM dehAMtanA daMDanI jarUra ja zI che? jo Apa sArA thavAnI ekaniSThAbharI abhilASA rAkhazo to ApanI prajA paNa evI ja sArI thaze. rAjAnuM cAritrya pavananA jevuM che. prajAnuM cAritrya ghAsanA jevuM che, ane ghAsano evo svabhAva che ke enA para pavanano pharapharATa thAya eTale e avazya vAMkuM vaLe ja."57 rAjaguNasaMpanna samrATa jo AvirbhAva pAme to eka peDhI pUrI thatAM sudhImAM to svabhAvavRddhi sAdhutA sarvatra pravarte."58 2. pArasparika AtmIyatA ke naitika jIvanano suvarNa niyama : mANasane potAne je pratikULa lAge tenuM AcaraNa teNe anya mANaso sAthenA vyavahAramAM na karavuM athavA to sAmA mANasa pAsethI ApaNe jevA vartananI apekSA rAkhIe chIe tevuM vartana ApaNe sAmA mANasa sAthe karavuM joIe evo kaphyuziyasano

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kanphayuziyasa dharma 2 13 naiitika upadeza che. 59 kaphyuziyasanA mata pramANe, pArasparika AtmIyatA (zu-shu) nA A siddhAMtamAM mANasanA samagra jIvana mATenA tamAma naitika niyamono sAra AvI jAya che. ane tethI kaphyuziyasa pArasparika AtmIyatAne naitika jIvananA suvarNa niyama tarIke paNa oLakhAve che. samagra sAmAjika jIvana mATe A suvarNa niyamanI upayogitA samajAvatAM kaphyuziyase lakhyuM che ke : mArA putra pAsethI mane je rItanI sevAnI apekSA hoya tevI sevA mAre mArA pitAnI karavI joIe...mArI nIcenA amaladAra pAsethI mane je rItanI sevAnI apekSA hoya tevI sevA mAre mArA rAjAnI karavI joIe. mArA anuja pAsethI mane jevA vartananI apekSA hoya tevuM vartana mAre mArA moTA bhAI pratye karavuM joIe... mArA mitra pAsethI mane jevA vartananI apekSA hoya tevuM vartana mAre mArA mitra pratye dAkhavavuM joIe."61 3. uttama mAnavano naitika vaibhavaH kaphyuziyasanA mate, uttama mAnava, putra tarIke uttama prakAranI pitRbhakti dAkhave che, pitA tarIke te mAyALu ane nyAyI hoya che. amaladAra tarIke te bharosApAtra ane vaphAdAra hoya che, pati tarIke te nItiniSTha ane zANo hoya che, mitra tarIke te cokhkhA dilano ane catura hoya che.62 catura mAnavInI vartaNUkamAM pAMca sadguNo pragaTa thayA karatA hoya che : 1. svamAna, 2. udAratA, 3. nikhAlasatA, 4. gaMbhIratA ane pa. paropakAra.63 . uttama mAnavI "bolatAM pahelAM Acare che ane pachI pote je karyuM hoya te ja bIjAne karavAno upadeza Ape che."64 Ama, tenAM vicAra, vANI ane vartanamAM saMpUrNa ekarUpatA hoya che. uttama mAnavInI kartavyabhAvanA ghaNI tIvra hoya che, paNa tene anusaravAmAM tene lezamAtra muzkelI hotI nathI, kAraNa ke te potAnI kartavyabhAvanAne samatA ane saMvAditA sAthe joDe che, niHsvArthabhAve tene pragaTa kare che, ane dilanI saccAI ane vAstavika satyathI tene paripUrNa kare che. 65 nIcenAM kathano kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacanomAM AvatA uttama mAnavatA citrane rajU kare che : (1) "uccattara mAnavInI dilasojI vividha kSetro para pharI vaLe eTalI vizALa hoya che. pakSApakSInA pUrvagrahamAMthI e vimukta rahe che."66 (2) "uccattara mAnavI zAMta ane svastha hoya che."67 (3) "mAnavarAja tene kahevAya ke jenAmAM zoka nathI tema ja bhaya nathI."68 (4) "amIra mANasa bIjAonA sArA guNonuM gaurava kare che ane naThArA guNo para vizeSa bhAra mUkato nathI."69

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214 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo (5) "amIra mANasa anyane anukULa thavAne prayatnazIla hoya che, paNa khuzAmata karato nathI."70 amIra mANasa gaurava saMpanna hoya che paNa abhimAnI nathI hoto."71 (7) uccattara mAnavI potAne je joItuM hoya te potAnA aMtaramAMthI zodhe che. 72 "uccattara mAnavI navI muddAo para khAsa lakSa Ape che. zuddha dRSTie jovAne, spaSTapaNe sAMbhaLavAne, mukhamudrA para snehabhAva, ceSTAmAM AdarabhAva, vANImAM prAmANikatA, vyavahAramAM niSThA rAkhavAne e Atura hoya che. zaMkA udbhave tyAre vizeSa tajavIja dvArA samAdhAna meLavavA e utsuka rahe che, krodha Ave tyAre tenA pariNAmano vicAra kare che; koI lAbha meLavavAnI lAlaca ene ApavAmAM Ave tyAre mAtra pharajano ja e vicAra rAkhe che."73 kaphyuziyasanAM anya bodhavacano : uttama mAnavano Adarza siddha karavAmAM upakAraka thAya tevAM kayuziyasanAM keTalAMka bodhavacano nIce pramANe che : (1) "tame je kaMI kaho temAM jo sAcadilI ane prAmANikatA haze, ane tame je kaMI karo temAM jo imAnadArI ane sAvadhatA haze to bhale tame jaMgalIonA dezamAM jaI vaso. tyAM teonI sAthe paNa tamane phAvaze... (nahi to) tamArA potAnAM dezamAM paNa tame phAvo e banavAjoga che ?"74 (2) ""koI kArIgara potAnuM kAma sArI rIte karavA icchato hoya teNe prathama potAnAM ojAro ghasIne tIkSNa dhAravALAM banAvavA joIe, barAbara e ja pramANe tamArA dezanA je mahAjano hoya temAMthI saMto ane "sAdhujanonI tamAre sevA karavI joIe, ane jeo TuNasaMpanna hoya temanI sAthe tamAre maitrI bAMdhavI joIe.75 "tamArAthI nIcA hoya evA koInI maitrI na svIkAro, ane bhUla thAya tyAre te sudhAratAM saMkoca na rAkho."76 (4) "moTA mANasonI sAthe e (halako mANasa) aNaghaTatI chUTa le che ane saMtonA upadezavacanone hasI kADhe che."77 "je mANasa potAnA taraphathI vizeSa ane bIjAnA taraphathI alpa apekSA. rAkhe che te dveSamAMthI UgarI jaze."78 sAhasano prema ane daridratAno tIvra asaMtoSa-enAthI mANasa avicArI kRtyo karato thAya che."79

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kanphayuziyasa dharma 215 (7) "tame koInuM khoTuM karyuM hoya to je khoTuM thayuM tene yogya badalo ApatAM tame lAja na rAkhazo."80 (8) potAnAmAM doSa hoya chatAM tene ramavA nahi e ja kharekharo doSa che."81 (9) tame koI sArA mANasane juo kare tenA jeTalI (AtmAnI) unnati prApta karavAno vicAra karo. tene koI naThArA mANasane juo tyAre aMtadaSTivALA thAo ane tamArA AtmAnuM nirIkSaNa karo."82 (10) "saMskAra ApanArI lalitakaLAomAMthI tAjaMgI meLavo...kavitA vaDe cAritryanuM ghaDatara thavA do, sadvartananA niyamo vaDe ene susthApita karo; saMgIta vaDe ene paripUrNatA arpo."3 bhaktibhAvanA ane tenI abhivyaki. : kaphyuziyasa dharma mAnavatAvAdI dharma che ane tethI temAM bhaktibhAvanA ane tenI abhivyaktinuM koI sthAna nathI ema kahevAnuM sarvathA ucita nathI, kAraNa ke ApaNe joI gayA ke kaphyuziyasa IzvaranA astitvamAM mAne che ane temanA pratyeno bhAva paNa pragaTa kare che. Ara. I. hyuma yathArtha kahe che ke, ""kaphyuziyase nIti ane dharmanI je prakriyA vyavasthita rUpamAM ApI che temAM paramezvaranI mAnyatA ane pUjAno. svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che."84 Izvara, anya devo ane pitRo pratyenA bhaktibhAvanI abhivyaktirUpe kaphyuziyase yajJo karyA che ane teno upadeza paNa Apyo che. "mAbApa jIvatAM hoya tyAM sudhI yogya bhAvathI temanI sevA karavI joIe, marI jAya pachI yogya vidhithI temanI aMtima yA karavI joIe, ane tyAra pachInAM varSomAM yogya AhutiothI temanI pUjA karavI joIe."85 ahIM e bAbata khAsa noMdhapAtra che ke phyuziyase vizeSa bhAra abhivyakti para nahi paNa bhakti ke premanI bhAvanA pa mUkyo che. teoe lakhyuM che ke : (1) ""je mANasanA hRdayamAM premabhAva nadI-tene vidhio sAthe zI levAdevA che? je mANasanA hRdayamAM premabhAva nathI-none bhajanakIrtana zA kAmanAM che?" (2) "jenI sAthe tamAre kaMI ja levAdevA na hoya evA pretane Ahuti arpavI e to kevaLa khuzAmata ke gulAmagIrI che."87 kaphyuziyasa dharmamAM IzvaranI ane pittaonI bhaktine to sthAna che ja paNa sauthI vadhAre mahattvanuM sthAna karyuziyasanI potAnI pUjA-bhaktinuM che. ""ochAmAM ochAM bAraso varSa sudhI varSamAM be vAra pekiMga nAmanI rAjadhAnImAM AvelA kaphyuziyasanA maMdiramAM cInanA mahArAjAe kaphyuziyasanI pUjA karI che ane sAthesAthe temanI stuti karIne yajJo paNa karyA che... cInanA dareka zaheramAM keTalAMka, 1560 maMdiromAM, ane trIjA varganAM maMdiromAM paNa, te te zaheranA adhikArIo

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216 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo varSamAM be vAra ghaNA moTA pAyA upara ane mahinAmAM be vAra nAnA pAyA upara kayuziyasanI pUjA kare che."88 Ama, kaphyuziyasa dharmamAM pUjA, stuti ane yajJayAgAdi dvArA bhaktibhAvanI abhivyakti thAya che. joke eka mAnavatAvAdI dharma tarIke kaphyuziyasa dharma A badhI vidhio karatAM potAnI jAta ane samAja pratyenI naitika pharajane vizeSa mahattva Ape che. kaphyuziyasanA eka ziSya potAnA gurubhAIne A muddo samajAvatAM kaheluM che ke "ApaNA gurujInA saghaLA upadezano muddo mAtra eka ja che : mANase potAnI jAta pratye vaphAdAra rahevuM ane mAnavabaMdhuo pratye prema rAkhavo."89 vairAgyabhAvanA ane tenI abhivyakti : jevI rIte unnata naitika jIvana e kaphyuziyasa dharmanA siddhAMto pramANe bhaktibhAvanAnI eka abhivyakti che tevI rIte kaphyuziyase upadezelI nIti vairAgyabhAvanAnI apekSA rAkhe che ane tethI unnata naitika jIvanane vairAgyabhAvanAnI abhivyaktirUpe paNa ghaTADI zakAya tema che. kaphyuziyasanAM nIcenAM kathano parathI unnata naitika jIvana mATe apekSita vairAgyabhAvanAnuM svarUpa spaSTa thaze : (1) "khorAka ane raheThANanI bAbatamAM sAdhupuruSa mAtra puSkaLatA ane sukhasAmagrInI apekSA rAkhato nathI."90 "mANase potAnuM cAritrya kevI rIte sudhAravuM? evA phAna cihunA praznanA javAbamAM kaphyuziyase javAba Apelo : "tAro prazna ghaNo ja sarasa che. jo mANasa potAnI pharajane paheluM sthAna Ape ane e pharaja bajAvyAnA phaLane gauNa sthAna Ape to ema karyAthI e potAnuM cAritrya nahIM sudhArI zake? 91 (3) " saNI puruSa potAne karavAnA kaThaNa kAryano prathama vicAra kare che ane sthUla lAbhanA vicArane to e gauNa sthAna ja Ape che."92 "mANasa abhimAnI ane dravyano lAlacu hoya to bhale enAmAM cAu kaMgamAM hatA tevA cAritryanA tamAma uttama guNo hoya to paNa te guNo jarAye lekhAmAM levA jevA nathI."93 (5) "aniyaMtrita bhogavilAsamAM sukha mAnavuM, zithilatA ane niSkriyatAmAM sukha mAnavuM ujANIo ane mijabAnIomAM sukha mAnavuM, e hAnikAraka che."94 (6) "sukha samRddhi sAthe nathI saMkaLAyeluM. khAvAne sAdo khorAka, pIvAnuM pANI, ane vAMkA vaLelA hAthanuM ozIkuM enI sAthe paNa sukha hoI zake."95 upasaMhAra : mANasanA jIvanavyavahAramAM vyakta thatI nItimattA e tenI dhArmikatAnI pArAzIzI che. Ama dhArmika jIvanamAM nItinuM mahattva che ja. kayuziyase nItine

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kanphayuziyasa dharma 217 sAmAjika jIvana mATe atyaMta Avazyaka gaNAvIne samAjanI pragati mATe dharmanI je AvazyakatA che te potAnI viziSTa rIte pragaTa karI che. kaphyuziyasane e daDha zraddhA hatI ke ""jo manuSyo sArA thAya to kuTumbo sArAM thAya, rAjyo sArAM thAya ane tethI AkhuM jagata sAruM thAya."96 prazna e che ke manuSyo sArA thaze? kaphyuziyasa dharma mAne che ke jo sadupadeza ApavAmAM Ave to mANaso sArA thaI zake tema che. sArA upadezanI loko upara jeTalI asara thAya che teTalI sArA rAjavahIvaTathI thatI nathI. sArA rAjyabaMdhAraNathI loko bhaya pAme che, jyAre sArA upadezane loko cAhe che. sAruM rAjayabaMdhAraNa lokonuM dhana harI le che, paNa sAro upadeza lokonuM hRdaya harI le che."97 sokreTisa paNa mAnatA hatA ke lokone saguNa zIkhavI zakAya che paNa temano prazna hato : " saguNo zIkhavanAra zikSako kyAM ?' kaphyuziyasa e lokone saguNa zIkhavanArA mahAna zikSakomAMnA eka che, ane tethI ja mahAtmA kaphyuziyasa kevaLa cInanI prajA mATe nahi. sArA vizvane mATe preraNAdAyI ane AdaraNIya puruSa che.

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218 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo saMdarbhasUci 4 9. Gundry D. W. Religions, P.GE 2. Potter C. F., The Story of Religions, PP. 9C3-08 3. kaphyuziyasa nAma kuMga phutre e mULa cInI nAmanuM leTina rUpAMtara che. 4. kaphyuziyasanAM bodha vacano (anu. mohanalAla dave) pR. 6. ejana, pR. 6. 6. Potter c. F, op. cit., P. 188. Glimpses of World Religions, P. 220 C. Noss J. B. Man's Religions, P. 380 C. Potter C. F., op. cit., p. 268 10. Ibid, P. 186 11. Ibid, PP. 190-91 12. kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 6. 13. ejana, pR. 6 14. ejana, pR. 6-7 94. Potter, op. cit., P. 969 16. go. ha. bhaTTa, jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 164 17. kanphayuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 8 18. ejana, pR. 64 : 10 19. ejana, pR. 79 : 22 ejana, pR. 73 : 40 22. ejana, pR. 69 : 28 22. ejana, pR. 11 23. Browne Lewis, This Believening World, P. 905 24. kanphayuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 7-8 20.

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kanphayuziyasa dharma 219 25. ejana, pR. 8 26. e jana, pR. 63 : 2 29. Noss J. B., op. cit., P. 380 28. go. ha. bhaTTa, jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 163 29. kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 66 : 19 30. Lin Yutang, The Wisdom of Confucius, P. 88 31. go. ha. bhaTTa, jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 170 32. Noss J. B., op. cit., P. 344. 33. kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 20 : 106 34. ejana, pR. pa5 : 46 35. ejana, pR. 69-70 : 30 36. ejana, pR. 89 : 85 37. ejana, pR. 63 : 2 31. Lin Yutang, op. cit., P.ee 39. kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 2 : 5 8o. Noss J. B., op. cit., P. 389 41. kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 85 : 55 * 82. Noss J. B., op. cit., P. 382 83. Gundry D. W., op. cit., P. OC 44. go. ha. bhaTTa, jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 174-75 45. kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 8 : 37 46. ejana, pR. 84 : 50 Yo. Noss J. B., op. cit. P. 389 48. Ibid, P. 351 49. Ibid, P. 3para 50. Ibid, P. 353 51. kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 8 : 38 pa2. ejana, pR. 31 : 24

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220 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 53. ejana, pR. 27 : 15 54. ejana, pR. 25-26 : 9 papa. ejana, pR. 26 : 10 96. ejana, pR. 26 : 12 97. ejana, pR. 26 : 13 58. ejana, pR. 30 : 21 59. ejana, pR. 7 : 3ra ane 14 : 64 co. Noss J. B., op. cit., P. 340 61. ejana, pR. 350 62. ejana, pR. 358 63. ejana, pR. 358 64. kaphyuziyasanAM bodha vacano, pR. 3 : 9 65. Noss J. B., op. cit, P. 359 66. kanphayuziyasanAM bodha vacano pR. 3 : 10 67. ejana, pR. 7 : 34 68. ejana, pR. 9 : 40 69. ejana, pR. 9 : 42 70. ejana, pR. 11 : 47 71. ejana, pR. 11 : 49 72. ejana, pR. 14: 61 73. ejana, pR. 14 : 65 74. ejana, pR. 18 : 92 75. ejana, pR. 13 : 59 76. ejana, pR. 17 : 79 77. ejana, pR. 20 : 106 78. ejana, pR. 86 : 66 79. ejana, pR. 82 : 39 80. ejana, pR. 77 : 2

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2 21 kanphayuziyasa dharma 81. ejana, pR. 87 : 71 82. ejana, pR. 80: 24 83. ejana, pR. 16 : 76-77 84. go. ha. bhaTTa, jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 175-76. 85. kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 2 : 5 . 86. ejana, pR. 3: 11 87. ejana, pR. 78 : 13 88. go. ha. bhaTTa, jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 167 89. kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 106 : 4 90. ejana, pR. 1 : 4 91. ejana, pR. 93 : 94 92. ejana, pR. 6 : 27 93. ejana, pR. 82 : 40 94. ejana, pR. 19. 105 95. ejana, pR. 81 : 34 96. Potter c. E, Op. Cit., P. 182 97. go. ha. bhaTTa, jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 182-83.

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prakaraNa-14 tAo dharma - mukunda koTecA prAstAvika : cInanI dharmabhAvanA pramANe dharma e to mAnavamAtrane mATe naisargika ane svAbhAvika bAbata che. dhArmika banavA mATe mANase mANasa tarIke maTI javAnI jarUra nathI. hiMdu dharmanI jema cInano dharma paNa mAne che ke dharma e to mAnava svabhAva sAthe jaDAyeluM tattva che. jyAM sudhI tAo dharmane lAgevaLage che tyAM sudhI A vAta kharI che, kAraNa ke temAM vizva ane mAnavanuM mULagata aikya svayaMsiddha mAneluM che. 2 tAono artha : tAo eka gUDhArthI zabda che. tenuM aneka rIte arthaghaTana ane bhASAMtara thayuM che. jema ke, Izvara, buddhimattA, brahman, parama tattva vagere. "daivI mArganA arthamAM tAo' zabda vadhu pracalita banelo che. e. je. bAma tAo dharmagraMtha-tAo-te-ciMga-nI pote taiyAra karelI AvRttimAM tAonuM arthaghaTana prakRti athavA svabhAva evuM kare che. Ama tAono mULa artha e ja thAya che je "dharmano thAya che. dharmano eka artha svabhAva ke guNadharma pracalita che. jema agni bALe che, barapha ThaMDaka Ape che, havA adazya che, bIja pAMgare che. A badhuM svabhAvagata thAya che. tAo dharmanA hArdarUpe kahevAyuM che ke manuSya jyAre prakRtinA svAbhAvika pravAhamAM dakhalagIrI kare che tyAre duHkhI thAya che, AthI sukhI thavA mATe tamAma kRtrimatAo choDI kudaratanA khoLe ane potAnA svabhAvamAM pAchA pharavuM joIe. Ama, tAo eka dharma tarIke svarUpasiddhino mArga che. robarTa Dagalasa kahe che, tAo patha paNa che ane pathika paNa che. te sanAtana mArga che jenA para tamAma astitva dharAvatI vastu cAle che chatAM AmAMnI koIe tenuM nirmANa nathI karyuM, kAraNa ke e to astitva svayaM che. mahAtmA lAotyu ane temanA anuyAyIo : lAo7 e koI vyaktivAcaka nAma nathI. paraMtu eka vizeSaNa che jeno artha

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tAo dharma 2 23 prAcIna guru" (Old Master) evo thAya che. Ama jemane vidvAno lAotna tarIke oLakhAve che temanuM kharuM nAma "li' (Li) hatuM. lAotna kayuziyasanA samakAlIna hatA ane uMmaramAM temanA karatAM pacAsa varSa moTA hatA. lAotsuno janma I.sa. pU. 604mAM cInanA honAna prAntanA zu-jhena nAmanA gAmamAM thayo hato. janma samaye temanA vALa sapheda hatA, svabhAva ciMtanazIla jJAnInA jevo hato. AthI temane vRddha bALaka ane prAcIna guru (lAotsu)nuM vizeSaNa maLyuM hatuM. lAo7 namra svabhAvanA ane aMtarmukha vyaktitvavALA hatA. ekAMta, nivRttiparAyaNa ane ciMtanazIla jIvana temane vadhu pasaMda hatuM. koI paNa prakAranA badalAnI icchA sivAya badhA tarapha sajjanatA rAkhavI e siddhAMtano temaNe potAnA AcaraNa dvArA upadeza karyo hato. teo kahetA, "jeo sArA che. temanI pratye huM sArI rIte varte chuM. Ama mane sArapa maLI rahe che... ane jeo saMniSTha nathI temanI pratye paNa huM saMniSThApUrvaka vartu chuM, Ama mane saMniSThA maLI rahe che." (tA. te ci. 49). lAonI khyAti eka mahAna dharmapuruSa tarIke samagra cInamAM phelAI hatI. parama gUDha tattva tAono temaNe sAkSAtkAra karyo hato temanI tAo tattvAnubhUtinuM temanA ja zabdomAM varNana karIe : enuM vizeSanAma huM jANato nathI. paNa huM ene "mArga evA upanAmathI oLakhAvuM chuM, ane mArI zakti vAparIne ene mATe zabda zodhuM to mAre ene "mahAna" kahevuM joIe." lAotrunA jIvanavyavahAra saMbaMdhI vizeSa kaMI aitihAsika mAhitI upalabdha thatI nathI. paraMtu temanA vyavasAya viSenI je mAhitI maLe che te pramANe teo cAu zahenazAhanA darabAramAM daphataradArano mAnavaMto hoddo dharAvatA hatA. A samayamAM kaphyuziyase temanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. A mulAkAta daramiyAna karyuziyase temane potAnA vaDIla ane murabbI jANIne temanI pAse rAjya ane samAjasudhAraNA mATe mArgadarzana mAgyuM. javAbamAM lAotsue Thapako ApatA kahyuM: "samAjasudhAraNA karatAM pahelAM tamArI jAtane ja sudhAro ane AMtarika zuddhi upara bhAra mUko."7 bIjo eka prasaMga lAotsunI sAdhanApaddhatino nirdeza kare che. jyAre kaphyuziyasa lAotsune maLavA gayA tyAre teo eTalA badhA nizcala hatA ke teo bhAgye ja koI manuSyane maLatA Ave. kaphyuziyase lAotnane kahyuM : ""zuM mane mArI AMkho chetare che? hamaNAM mane tame jIvanavihoNA TukaDA jevA lAgyA, jANa ke tamArAmAM kazuM cetana na hoya." lAotsue kahyuM: e sAcuM che, huM vastuonA Adi svarUpamAM vicarato hato."8 lAotsu potAnA vyavasAyane vaphAdAra hatA, kAraNa ke teo je kAma karatA hatA te jIva reDIne karatA hatA. jyAre emane lAgyuM ke cAunuM rAjya have bhAMgatuM

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2 24 ' jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo jAya che, tenI paDatInI nizAnIo dekhAya che, tyAre teo tyAMthI cAlI nIkaLyA. eka daMtakathA pramANe temaNe mahiSI eTale bheMsa upara savArI karI vana tarapha prayANa karyuM hatuM. lAosTrae jiMdagIbhara kaMI lakhyuM na hatuM. paraMtu jyAre sarahada paranA amaladAre jakAtanA rUpamAM pustaka lakhI ApavA jaNAvyuM, tyAre temaNe tAo ane tenI zaktinI samajUtI ApatuM eka pustaka be bhAgamAM lakhI ApyuM ane te paNa temano sAmAna tapAsAyo eTalA samaya daramiyAnamAM ja. pachI teo kyAM gayA ane kyAre mRtyu pAmyA te vize koI mAhitI maLatI nathI. parama gUDha tattvanA zodhaka pote paNa gUDha rIte adazya thayA. tAo dharmagraMtha : lAotsue lakhelo tAo-te-ciMga (Tao Teh ching) tAo dharmano AdhArabhUta graMtha che. tenI racanA be vibhAgamAM, ekyAsI nAnAM prakaraNomAM, Azare pAMceka hajAra zabdomAM karavAmAM AvI che. lAoe A samagra graMthamAM tAonI anirvacanIyatA vize ja carcA karI che. A anirvacanIyatA ane avyAkhyayapaNuM darzAvavA mATe dRSTAntakathAo ane rUpakathAono AdhAra levAmAM Avyo che. lAo7nI A prakAranI zailIne pheDarika spigalabarga gautama buddhanI zailI sAthe maLatI AvatI mAne che, kAraNa ke buddha paNa A rIte nirvANane vyAkhyaya banAvyA sivAya daSTAnto dvArA carcatA hatA.9 lAo lakhe che, "je jANe che, te bolato nathI. je bole che, te jANato nathI. je sAco che, te zaNagArato nathI. je zaNagAre che, te sAco nathI."10 je zabdone kharekhara zabdo gaNI zakAya te sanAtana zabdothI bhinna che."11 "sat ane asat ekabIjAne janma Ape che. muzkela ane saheluM ekabIjAnI pUrti kare che."12 Ama, ahIM e samajAvavAno prayatna thayo che ke je zabdo saMpUrNapaNe satya che te virodhAbhAsI dekhAya che. AthI tAo viSe rUpakonI bhASAmAM kahevuM anivArya banI jAya che. "mArgamAM eTale ke tAomAM nAmahInanI saraLatA che. jevo te karmamAM mukAya che evAM nAmo zarU thAya che."13 tAo e pANI nathI. paraMtu tene pANI sAthe sarakhAvI samajAvavAmAM Avela che ane kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke saphaLatAnI prApti mATe pANI jevA thavuM joIe. "sarvocca sArapa pANI jevI che. pANInI sArapa saheja paNa hosAtasI vagara dasa hajAra vastuone lAbha pahoMcADavAmAM che. badhA mANaso jeno tiraskAra kare che evA (nIcAmAM nIcA) sthAnamAM te rahe che. ethI e tAonI-mArganI najIka Ave che."14

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tAo dharma 225 A graMthanuM mUlyAMkana karatAM zrI linayutAMga kahe che, duniyAnAM darzanomAM te sauthI gahana zAstragraMtha che. 15 temAM je vicAro paDelA che te gahana chatAM saraLa ane samajI zakAya tevA che. temAM je vicAra-mauktiko paDelAM che te Aje paNa ApaNA mUMjhAyelA jamAnAne mArgadarzana ApavAne samartha che. tAttvika siddhAMto : (1) parama tattvanuM svarUpa H DaoN. rAdhAkRSNanA mate tAovAdanA kendrIya vicAro upaniSadonA vicAro sAthe maLatA Ave che. saMsAranuM daivIpaNuM ane eka parama tattvanI vAstavikatA - A be bAbatono mULabhUta svIkAra baMnemAM sAmAnya che. eTaluM ja nahi, bahu nahivata pheraphAra sivAya samAna paddhatithI A parama tattva upara baMnemAM vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che. tAo tattva upaniSadamAM darzAvelA parabrahma tattva jevA lakSaNo dharAve che. te agAdha che, je kaMI che te darekanuM sRSTA, parama pitA che. Ama, sarvavyApaka che ane Adi kAraNa paNa che. te samagra vizvanuM saMcAlaka baLa che ane jagatanuM upAdAna kAraNa che. jagata temAMthI Upaje che ane temAM ja vilIna thAya che. te, ke je badhAne utpanna kare che, te svayaM ajanmA che, jenA vaDe sarva vastuono vikAsa thAya che. e vikAsa svayaM tene sparzI zakato nathI. A badhAM lakSaNothI tAone varNavavA chatAM teno cokkasa khyAla ApI zakto nathI, kAraNa ke "te rahasyonuM rahasya, sarva AzcaryonuM dvAra che."17 svAMga7 tAonA saMbaMdhamAM lakhe che : "tAomAM vAstavika sattA hovA chatAM te sAkSI mAtra che. temAM karma ke AkAra nathI. teno anubhava karI zakAya che, paraMtu tenuM indriya pratyakSIkaraNa thatuM nathI. tene pAmI zakAya che, paNa te joI zakAto nathI. tenuM astitva AtmasvarUpa ane Atmasthita che. tenuM astitva svarga ane dharatInI pUrvenuM ane ciraMtana che. te sarvathI prAcIna hovA chatAM vRddha thaI gayeluM nathI. svargathI UMcenuM chatAM UMcuM nathI. dharatIthI nIcenuM chatAM nIcuM nathI."18 Ama, niSedhaka ane parasparathI virodhI evuM tAonuM varNana karavuM paDe che. Ano artha e nathI ke tAo e zUnyamAtra che. e zUnya nathI, paNa sabhara ane pUrNa che, kAraNa ke te jIvana ane gatinAM tamAma svarUpone utpanna kare che. "ene AkAza nIcenA badhAnI jananI kahI zakAya."19 (2) jagata ane jIva saMbaMdhI vicAraNA vyAvahArika jagata parama tattva tAo sAthe kevI rIte saMbaMdhita che te lAotru dvArA jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM nathI paraMtu tAo-te-ciMgamAM lakhyA pramANe,

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2 26 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo jayAre mahAna mArgamAM paDatI thaI tyAre mAnavajAtino uddabhava thayo. buddhi ane jJAna pragaTa thayAM tyAre jagatano vyavahAra zarU thayo."20 A rIte jagata ane parama tattva vacce eka prakArano bheda nirdezAyo hovA chatAM emAM vizva ane mAnavanuM mULagata aikya svayaMsiddha mAneluM che. vizvanA padArtho paraspara saMbaMdhita che ane temanI ekabIjA para asara thAya che. AkAza athavA svarga, pRthvI ane mAnava e tAo dharmanA tattvaciMtananI traNa mukhya samAMtara bhUmikAo che. A traNe paraspara saMkaLAyelA che. prakRtinI badhI ja ghaTanAomAM A pArasparika saMbaMdha rahelo che. e anaMta zRMkhalAmAMnI eka kaDImAMthI bIjI kaDImAM pahoMcatI asarane te arthAta prabhAva ke zakti kahe che. 21 A AkhI zRMkhalAmAM badhA padArtho svAbhAvikapaNe ane gharSaNa vinA cAlyA kare to te Adarza sthiti gaNAya, ane to ja badhAmAM rahela te arthAt prabhAva ke zakti pUrepUrAM vikAsa pAmI zake. A vikAsa svayaMbhU che e vAta para ahIM khAsa bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che. 22 tAo ane teno saMbaMdha spaSTa karatAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che, "bhavya prabhAvaka zakti tenAM bAhya AviSkaraNo kevaLa mArgamAMthI eTale ke tAomAMthI ja pragaTe che."23 tAo - te - ciMgamAM batAvyA pramANe manuSya zarIra sAthe be AtmAo joDAyelA che. eka AdhyAtmika ane bIjo pArthiva. AmAMno pahelo janma kSaNe zarIramAM praveze che ane bIjo garbhAdhAna vakhate praveze che. A vicArasaraNI pramANe maraNa samaye AdhyAtmika AtmA AkAzamAM cAlyo jAya che ane pArthiva AtmA mRtadeha pUrepUro mahAbhUtomAM maLI na jAya tyAM sudhI deha sAthe kabaramAM rahe che. 24 AdhyAtmika AtmAnuM svarUpa spaSTa karatAM DaoN. rAdhAkRSNanuM lakhe che, vyaktino A AtmA potAnA svarUpanI dRSTithI tAo svayaM che. tAo eka bAjuthI vizvanI vAstavikatAmAM nihita tattva che to bIjI bAjuthI vyaktinA vyaktitvano gUDha srota paNa che. "te sadA ApaNI aMdara rahelo che, jeTalo iccho eTalo temAMthI rasa grahaNa karo. e jharo kadI sukAvAno nathI." Ama ApaNA vyaktigata jIvanarasanuM jharaNa e mULa eka ane anAdi tattvamAM raheluM che. 25 naitika siddhAMto : sAmAnya rIte ema kahevAya che ke tAo dharma niSkriyatAne poSe che. paraMtu kharI rIte jotAM e yogya svarUpanI sakriyatAne mATe mArga karI Ape che, kAraNa ke cittanI caMcaLatAne tAomAM ekAgra karavAnuM ke tAo sAthe tAdAmya sAdhavAnuM kArya sakriyatAnA abhAvamAM zakya ja nathI. alabatta, A bAhya sakriyatA nathI, paraMtu AMtarajIvananI sabaLa sajAga sakriyatA che ke hindu khristI evA tamAma vikasita rahasyavAdI dharmanA nItizAstramAM sAmAnya svarUpe svIkAravAmAM AvI che.

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tAo dharma 2 27 tAo dharmanA mukhya naitika siddhAMto nIce pramANe che : (1) "tAo' tattvanI zodhano siddhAMta : tAo e eka parama gUDha tattva che. A tattvanI zodha ane prApti karavI e A dharmano mULabhUta hetu che. svAMgalsa kahe che ke, "e joyA vinA dekhAya che, zravaNa karyA vinA saMbhaLAya che ane vicAra karyA vinA tenuM jJAna thAya che." jema bhAratIya yogavidyAmAM satyanA sAkSAtkAra mATe dhyAnanI prakriyA sUcavavAmAM AvI che tema tAo dharmamAM tAone prApta karavA cittane zAMta banAvavAnuM kahevAyuM che. A mATe ApaNe ApaNA avayavone DhIlA karavA joIe. indriyanA viSayomAMthI nivRtta thavuM joIe, bAhya viSayo tema ja jJAnamAMthI cittane pAchuM vALavuM joIe. svAMga-7 kahe che ke, "tAo sAthenI ekatA aMdaranAM paribaLone khAlI karyA vinA prApta thatI nathI. khAlI karavuM e hRdayano pheraphAra che."26 svAMgalsa kahe che ke, ""nadIne kAMThe jaIne ke ekAMta jagyAmAM khAsa karIne bAhya pravRttimAMthI vidAya laIne manuSya potAnA citta sAthe ekAkAra banI jAya che tema manuSya aMtarmukhI banIne potAnA AtmAmAM lIna thavAnuM che."27 zAzvata tAono sAkSAtkAra vidhAyaka zabdomAM rajU karI zakAto nathI, paraMtu niSedhaka dRSTie badhI bAbatonI AsaktimAMthI mukti che. jo manuSya tAono sAkSAtkAra kare to jIvana ane mRtyunA parivartanathI e alipta rahe che, je tAone prApta kare che e potAnA ahaMkArathI maryAdita raheto nathI. e bahAranA samagra astitva sAthe potAnA tAdAbhyanI anubhUti kare che. 28 AvA tAo-siddha mAnavanuM karma sAMsArika dRSTie akarma che, paraMtu vAstavamAM te sarvoparI kartutva che. A sthitimAM ApaNe anAyAsa, paraMtu Atmaprerita rahIe chIe ApaNI tamAma kAmanAothI mukta thavAthI ApaNe ApaNA samagra vAtAvaraNa sAthe samanvayanI sthitie pahoMcI jaIe chIe. pachI ghaTanAo potAnI gatithI cAle che. tAo-siddhanuM jIvana paristhitithI aprabhAvita banI jAya che. 29 badhI paristhitimAM tenuM citta AnaMdamAM ja rahe che. 30 (2) namratAno siddhAMta : lAos daDhatApUrvaka mAne che ke namra ane nirabhimAnI banIne ja mANasa mahAna banI zake, "tAone pAmI zake. tA-te-ciMgamAM saMtaveruSanAM lakSaNonuM varNana karatAM teo lakhe che, "te potAnI jAtano dekhADo karato nathI; tethI te prakAze che te potAnI vAta bhArapUrvaka kaheto nathI; tethI te saune samajAya che. te baDAza mArato nathI; tethI te saphaLa thAya che. tene abhimAna caDatuM nathI, tethI te agraNI bane che."31

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228 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo potAnA A matanuM samarthana jUnI kahevata vaDe karatAM teo umere che ke "je namyuM che te AkhuM thAya che.' - e jUnI kahevata bezaka khAlI zabdo nathI.32 (3) vaiSkarmano siddhAMtaH tAo-te-ciMgamAM rajU thayelo naiSkirma (gu-veI)no siddhAMta AkhA vizvanI bhUmikAnA anusaMdhAnamAM samajavAno che. A bhUmikA pramANe kudaratamAM je kAMI bane che te haMmezAM khabara na paDe e rIte bane che. svayaMbhU rIte bane che. svabhAva pramANenuM vartana e kudaratamAM Adarza sthiti che. A sthitimAM ja AkAza ane pRthvInI prabhAvika zakti (te) pUrepUrI kArya karI zake che. A naSkarme kevaLa niSkriyatA nathI. paraMtu jemAM prabhAvika zakti vadhumAM vadhu kArya karI zake evI sthiti che. Ama, koI paNa prakAranI dakhalagIrI vagara kudaratane kudaratI rIte kArya karavA devAno siddhAMta eTale va-veIno siddhAMta.33 kudaratamAM dakhalagIrI karanAruM tattva e mAnavIya aham ane tenI vAsanAo che. tAo-te-ciMgamAM kahevAyuM che ke kRtrimatA UbhI karanArA jJAna ane icchAne dUra karIne manuSya kudarata sAthe ekAkAra thavAnuM che. jema samudra potAnAM mojAMone UMce lAve che ane puSpamAM kaLI khIle che tema ApoApa manuSya vikAsa karavAno che. 34 (4) bhaktibhAvanA : lAotsue saguNa paramatattvano upadeza karyo nathI. Ama chatAM jevI rIte bauddha dharmamAM buddhanI bhakti dAkhala thaI tevI rIte tAo dharmamAM paNa lAotrunI bhakti zarU thayelI che, I.sa. pU. 15thI lAotnane loko bhagavAna tarIke bhajavA lAgyA hatA.35 rAjya taraphathI pahela-vahelo evo hukama kADhavAmAM Avyo ke lokoe lAo7nA mAnamAM yajJo karavA. I.sa.nA cothA saikAmAM lAotsaM parama pUjya tattvajJa tarIke svIkArAtA ane pUjAtA rahyA hatA. I.sa. 586mAM jyAre lAotrunI janmabhUmimAM AvelA maMdirano jIrNoddhAra karavAmAM Avyo tyAre tyAM eka zilAlekha mUkavAmAM Avelo jemAM darzAvAyuM che ke lAotrunA aneka avatAro thAya che. Ama asaMkhya cInI anuyAyIo ema mAnatA thayA ke maharSi ane dharmopadezaka lAotna kharekhara divya tattvano avatAra che. tAo dharmamAM khUTatA bhaktinA tattvane tenA yogya svarUpe dAkhala karavAnuM zreya mo-tine phALe jAya che. mAnava baMdhutvanA devadUta tarIke jANItA banetA moti (Me-ti, monjha athavA meha-njha tarIke paNa oLakhAya che.)no samaya I.sa. pU. 470thI 390 vacceno manAya che. temaNe pracalita evA paropakAritAnA ane putradharmanA sadguNanI sAthe sAthe vaizvika premanA skuNano samanvaya karyo. temaNe svarganI icchAne dhoraNa tarIke prasthApita karatAM kahyuM, "huM jo svarganI icchA anusAra vartu to svarga mArI icchA anusAra vartaze." ""svarga nItimattAne icche che, pRthvI jIvaMta

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tAo dharma 229 rahe e tene game che nAza pAme te nahIM, samRddha thAya te game che garIba rahe te nahIM, vyavasthita rahe te game che paraMtu avyavasthA gamatI nathI."temanA kahevA pramANe svarganI icchAne anusaravuM e bIjuM kazuM nathI paraMtu sarvajanone sarvadazIyapaNe cAhavA e ja che. A sarvadazIpremanA mahAna siddhAMtane teo jen tarIke oLakhAve che ane tenA AcaraNa dvArA tamAma sAmAjika aniSTano aMta AvavAnI saMbhAvanA darzAve che. vaizvika prema e dharmanA dRSTibiMduthI jotAM uttamottama bhaktino ja eka prakAra che, jema ni:svArtha karma e upAsanAno ja eka prakAra che tema. (5) vairAgyabhAvanA : indriyonA viSayarUpa vastuomAM rAga-Asakti-no abhAva evo vairAgyano artha jo tAo dharmamAM lAgu pADIe to temAM Dagale ne pagale evAM vacana verAyelAM jovA maLe che ke je eka yA bIjI rIte vairAgya upadeze che. tAo-te-ciMgamAM jaNAvyA pramANe, lokone lAlasA thAya evI vastu na batAvIe eTale lokonAM hRdaya kSubdha thAya ja nahi.38 saMtapuruSa potAno svArtha sAdhavA kazuM karato nathI. te haMmezAM potAne pAchaLa ja rAkhe che. 39 hoMsAtAMsI na hoya eTalA mAtrathI ja mANasa nirdoSa rahI zake che. 40 jyAM sudhI indriyo paranA vijayane lAgevaLage che tyAM sudhI spaSTa kahevAyuM che ke badhAM ja indriyajanya sukho atirekathI duHkhamAM pariName che. ene lIdhe mANasano naitika vyavahAra rUMdhAya che. pAMca raMgo, svaro anukrame AMkhane, kAnane, vyartha banAvI de che. ghoDesavArI ane mRgayA mANasanA manane pAgala banAvI de che. tAo dharmano vairAgyapUrNa upadeza e che ke svAbhAvika saralatA pragaTa karo ane akRtrimatAne vaLagI raho, svArtha ocho karo ane lobha ghaTADo.42 je zreya che te vAsanAnA amaryAda vadhArAmAM nathI e samajAvatAM kahevAyuM che, "vAsanAnuM samarthana karavA karatAM koI moTuM pApa nathI. saMtoSa na jANavA karatAM moTI koI Aphata nathI. meLavavAnI icchA karatAM moTo koI doSa nathI, kAraNa jene saMtoSa che tene kazAnI jarUra nathI." upasaMhAra : ' . . bhAratIya saMskRtinA jevI cInanI prAcIna saMskRtimAM rahasyavAdI dharma paratvenuM manovalaNa taiyAra karavAmAM tAo dharmano phALo ajoDa che. jagatanI parivartanazIlatA pAchaLa tAo nAmanuM koI gUDha tattva indriyone agrAhya rIte raheluM che. tenI hastI svIkArI namratA, saMtoSa ane sAhajikatAnA AcAramArga dvArA tenI prApti-anubhUti-nI zakyatA darzAvIne tAo dharme dhArmika jIvanano eka uttamottama namUno ghaNI asarakAraka rIte rajU karelo che.

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23) jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo saMdarbhasUci 1. A. J. Bahm, The World's Living Religions, 1964, P. 151. 2. Ibid, P. 152 3. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, bhArata gaura vIna, pR. 124-125 4. menana, pR. 117 4. Spiegelberg Frederic, Living Religions of the world, P. RCC tAo-te-ciMga, (anuvAdaka : nagInadAsa pArekha) pR. 33 7. ejana, pR. 75 8. DioN. ha. ma. joSI, tAo dharma 9. ejana, pR. 75 10. tAo-te-ciMga, pR. 105 11. ejana, pR. 1 12. ejana, pR. 1 13. ejana, pR. 43 14. ejana, pR. 9 94. Lin Yutang, The Wisdom of China, P. 9 16. Do. rAdhAkRSNana, parata maura vIna, pR. 117-118 17. tAo-te-ciMga pR. 1 18. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, bharata gaura vIna, pR. 120 regana, pR. 120 20. tAo-te-ciMga, pR. 23 21. ejana, pR. 6 22. ejana, pR. 6 23. ejana, pR. 27 24. ejana, pR. 11

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tAo dharma 231 25. Do. rAdhAkRSNana, bharata gaura cIna, pR. 123 26. DaoN. ha. ma. joSI. tAo dharma, pR. 19 27. Do. rAdhAkRSpana, parata maura vIna, pR. 126 28. rejhana, pR. 130-131 29. jJana, pR. 132 30. tA te ciMga, pR. 30 31. ejana, pR. 28 32. ejana, pR. 29 33. ejana, pR. 6-7 34. DaoN. rAdhAna, bhArata gaura vIna, pR. 125 35. Archer John Clark, Faiths Men Live By, 1958, P. 137. 37. DaoN. ha. ma. joSI, tAo dharma, pR. 9-10 . 37. Archer John Clark, Faiths Men Live By, P. 133, 135-136, 38. tAo-te-ciMga, pR. 4 39. ejana, pR. 8 40. ejana, pR. 9 41. ejana, pR. 14 42. ejana, pR. 24

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prakaraNa-15 zinjo dharma - hariprasAda pAThaka 1. udbhava ane vikAsa : zinto e jApAnI prajAno prAcIna dharma che. teno prAraMbha I.sa. pUrve 660thI thayo ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. 2 zinjo dharmanuM mahattva AdhyAtmika karatAM sAmAjika ane rAjakIya dRSTie vizeSa hovAthI, kyAreka tene rASTrIya dharma tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. zinto e mULa cInI bhASAno zabda che ane teno artha "devono mArga - devatAI mArga ema thAya che. zinto dharmanuM jApAnIjha nAma kamI-no-mIcI (kamino-Michi) che. kamI eTale Izvara ane mIcI eTale mArga4 (kami=Gods; Michi=Way of Road). Ama, zinjo dharmamAM kamI IzvaranuM mahattva khUba hovAthI klerensa holTona kahe che ke, "zinto eTale kamI sAthe saMkaLAyelI naitika mAnyatAo ane vidhio."5 jApAnamAM I.sa. 600thI tAo dharma pracalita thayelo. te ja arasAmAM bauddhadharmanuM varcasa paNa hatuM, te samayanA keTalAka rAjAoe bauddhadharma paNa aMgIkAra karyo hato. tAo dharma ane bauddha dharma uparAMta cInanA kaphyuziyasa dharmanI asara paNa zinjo dharma upara jovA maLe che. A rIte anya dharmonA prabhAva heThaLa AvavA chatAM zinjo dharme potAnuM svataMtra astitva TakAvI rAkhyuM che. AnI sAthe sAthe e hakIkata paNa noMdhapAtra che ke, "rAjakIya vaphAdArI meLavavAnI bAbata sivAya zinto dharmanA itihAsamAM koI divasa koIne navo celo banAvavAmAM Avyo nathI tema ja koIne trAsa paNa ApavAmAM Avyo nathI." A dharmanA graMtho pramANe Izvare jApAnanA beTane utpanna karyo che ane pahelo jApAnano rAjA mikADo e svargamAMnA sUryadevatAno pRthvI uparano sAkSAta avatAra hato. "mArA pratApI pautra, tuM tyAM jA ane tenA upara rAjya kara. jA ! ane tAro vaMza sukhI thAva, ane AkAza ane pRthvInI mAphaka te sadA-sarvadA cAle." nihon-gI 1 : 77

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zinjo dharma 233 Ama, jApAnanI prajAnI e dhArmika mAnyatA che ke potAno deza ane rAjA daivI che. I.sa. 1889mAM jApAnanuM navuM baMdhAraNa astitvamAM AvyuM tyAre paNa A mAnyatA para pharIthI bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. A baMdhAraNanA udezabhAgamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, ""sanAtana kALathI avicchinna cAlI AvelI rAjagAdI upara mikADo bese che." aitihAsika dRSTie vicArIe to mAlUma paDe che ke jagatamAM jUnAmAM jUnA rAjavaMzane zittAdharme dharmano majabUta AdhAra Apelo che. 2. zinjo dharmanA zAstragraMtho : zinjo dharmano koI AdyasthApaka nathI ane tenA koI mULa zAstragraMtha paNa nathI, paraMtu pAchaLathI saMpAdita karavAmAM AvelA (1) ko-jI-kI ane (2) nihonuMgI nAmanA be graMthoe zinjo dharmanA mukhya zAstragraMthonuM sthAna meLaveluM che. A be graMtho uparAMta (3) heMgI-ziki ane (4) menio ziunI paNa zinjo dharmanA zAstragraMthomAM gaNanA thAya che. 1. ko-jI-kI (ko-Ji-k) : ko-jI-kIno artha thAya che jUnI bAbatono itihAsa. A graMthanuM saMpAdana I.sa. 712mAM thayuM hatuM. ko-jI-kIno kartA graMthanI prastAvanAmAM lakhe che ke, "huM rAjyano pAMcamA vargano saradAra chuM ane rAjAe mane jUnA kALanA rAjAonI vaMzAvaLI ane vacanAmRto ekaThAM karI yogya rIte goThavavAnuM kAma soMpyuM che.12 jApAnanA samrATanA adhikArI yAsumAroe jApAnanA gAmaDe gAmaDe pharIne badhI vigato ekaThI karI ane ko-jI-kI nAmano graMtha taiyAra karyo. Ama ko-jI-kImAM jApAnano prAcIna itihAsa AlekhAyelo che. 16 2. nihonuM -gI (Nihon-gi) : ko-jI-kInI pUrtirUpe I.sa. 720mAM "nihona-gI" nAmanA bIjA graMthanuM saMpAdana thayuM. 14 "nihon -gI paranI TIkAmAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke ATha varSa pachI te ja rAjAnA hukamathI eka rAjakumAranI sAthe maLIne ko-jI-kInA kartAe bIjo graMtha racyo che. A graMthamAM ghaNI hakIkato ApavAmAM AvelI che tethI te pahelA graMtha karatAM moTo che. jUnI vastuone sAcavI rAkhavAno rAjAno je hetu hato te ja pramANe A graMthamAM viSayone goThavavAmAM AvyA che."15 nihon-gIno artha "jApAnano itihAsa" ema thAya che. ane temAM jApAnanA itihAsanI kathAono saMgraha karavAmAM Avelo che. 3. yengI-ziki17 : A graMthamAM yengI samayanA (I.sa. 901-923) niyamo ApavAmAM AvyA che ane tenAM paccAsa prakaraNamAMthI pahelAM dasa prakaraNamAM A dharmanuM jJAna meLavavA

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234 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo mATenI jUnI sAhitya sAmagrI mApavAmAM AvI che. taduparAMta jude jude prasaMge karavAmAM AvatI paccIsa prArthanAo ApavAmAM AvelI che jene "norI-to" kahe che. 18 4. menio-zilaH A graMtha dasa hajAra patra saMgraharUpe che. 19 pAMcathI AThamA zatakanA gALAmAM je kAvyo racAyAM temAMnAM 449 kAvyono A graMthamAM saMgraha karelo che. jApAnanA beTanI divya utpatti ane prAcI, tihAsane lagatI kathAo, gIto ane kAvyono saMgraha A graMthamAM karavAmAM AveDa che. kudaratanI zaktiomAM rahelo AnaMda temaja kudaratanuM bhayAnaka svarUpa paNa tema varNavavAmAM AvyuM che. 20 3. tAttvika siddhAMto : zinjo dharmamAM sUkSma tAttvika vicAraNA thayelI nathI. A dharmamAM je tAttvika mAnyatAono svIkAra karavA Avelo che temaja samajavA mATe nIcenI traNa bAbatonI spaSTatA karavI jarUrI da : (1) kamInuM svarUpa (2) anekadevavAda (3) jApAnanI devI utpatti (1) kamInuM svarUpa : zinjo dharmamAM parama tattvane "kamI' kahevAmAM Ave che. zinjo dharma graMthomAM kamI'nA artha vize judA judA soLa abhiprAyo ApavAmAM AvyA che, jene mukhyatve traNa bhAgamAM vaheMcavAmAM AvelA che : (1) zuddha athavA pavitra (2) uttama athavA sarvocca (3) vicitra, gUDha athavA alaukika Ama, "kamI' zabda ghaNA vyApaka arthamAM prayojAyela che. holTana yathArtha kahe che ke, "jApAnanI mULa bhASAmAM ATalA badhA arthothI bharelo eka paNa zabda nathI ke jenA vize jApAnI ane paradezI bhASAntarakArone ghaNI muzkelI paDI hoya."24 tema chatAM zinjo dharmanA vidvAna motUrI jaNAve che tema "kamI e samagra vizvanuM paramatattva che. A paramatattvanI A sRSTimAM thatI jhAMkhI ke abhivyaktine paNa "kamI kahevAmAM Ave che. A khyAlanI spaSTatA karatAM motUrI lakhe che ke, ekalA manuSyo ja nahi paNa pakSIo, pazuo, choDavAo ane vRkSo, samudro ane parvato tathA alaukika sAmarthya ke jene mATe mAna Upaje ane jenAthI bhaya thAya te badhA padArthono "kamImAM samAveza karavAmAM Avela che."25

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zinjo dharma 235 (2) anekadevavAda : zinjo dharma anekadevavAdI che. 26 devonI patti vize ko-jI-kI ane nihona-gImAM jaNAvAyuM che ke, "jyAre badho aMdhakAra che, tyAre AkAza ane pRthvI utpanna thayAM ane tyAra pachI devo utpanna thAya . 2 AraMbhamAM be devo hatA. eka IjhanagI-nimaMtraNa ApanAra puruSa ane bIjI jhanamI-nimaMtraNa ApanAra strI, A baMnee maLI je prajA utpanna karI te badhA ja devo thayA.28 devonI saMkhyA vize nihona -gImAM eMzI ayuta (karoDa)no ullekha che jyAre ko-jI-kImAM AThaso ayuta (karoDa)no ullekha che. 29 A badhA devomAM prakRtinA devo tarIke (1) amaterasu = sUryadevI (2) sukiyomI = caMdradeva (3) kagasevo = tArAdeva (4) ohona-moci = pRthvIdeva (5) susa-no-vo = parjanyadeva ane (6) ta-kIrI-bima = dhummasadevI30 vagere devo jApAnanI prajAnA AdaraNIya devo che. nihonu-gI ane ko-jIkImAM jaNAvyA pramANe amane rasu ane sukiyomI e be devone AkAzamAM rAjya karavAnA Adezo maLelA che jema ke, amaterasu-sUryadavI mATe kahevAyuM che ke ""he mahAdevI, tuM UMce AkAzamAM rAjya kara."31 ane sukiyomI-caMdradeva mATe kahevAyuM che ke ""he deva, tame rAtrInuM rAjya karo.32 zinto dharmanA aneka devomAM amaterasu-sUryadevInuM mahattva sauthI vizeSa che. jApAnamAM "Ise' nAmanuM pavitra dhArmika sthaLa AveluM che. temAM amaterasu-sUryadevInA mAnamAM eka maMdira bAMdhavAmAM AveluM che ane temAM amaterasu-sUryadevInI pUjA khUba dhAmadhUmathI karavAmAM Ave che. jApAnanI prajA ane sarakAra taraphathI thatI A pUjAmAM sau utsAhapUrvaka bhAga le che. jApAnanA rASTradhvaja upara paNa A amarasu-sUryadavInuM pratIka jovA maLe che.33 amaterasunuM A mahattva aneka devavAdamAMthI ekadevavAdI abhigamanuM sUcaka jaNAya che. (3) jApAnanI daivI utpatti : ko-jI-kImAM jApAnanI devI utpatti aMge eka kathA pracalita che te mujaba, AraMbhamAM AkAza ane pRthvI baMne ekarUpa hatAM ane tyAre badhe aMdhakAra hato. A aMdhakAra dUra thatAM aneka devoe dekhA dIdhI ane pAchA adazya thaI gayA. aMte mAtra be ja devo AvyA. A be devo te ijhanagI ane IjhanamI : (AmaMtraNa ApanAra puruSa ane AmaMtraNa ApanAra strI) A baMne AkAzanA taratA pula (meghadhanuSa) upara

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236 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo UbhA rahI vicAravA lAgyA che. AnI nIce koI deza nathI? ema kahI ratnajaDita bhAlo nIce khosyo ane joyuM to samudra jaNAyo. pachI bhAlo upADyo to tenA cheDethI samudrajaLanAM TapakAM paDyAM je TharIne jApAnanA TApuo thayA.34 Ama, jApAnanI prajA mAne che ke jApAnadeza Izvare sarjelo che ane tenA para rAjaya karanArA rAjAo paNa daivI aMzo che. 4. naitika siddhAMto : zinjo dharmamAM naitikatA aMge koI tAttvika ke saiddhAMtika vicAraNA jovA maLatI nathI. motUrI yathArtha lakhe che ke jApAnIo AcAramAM naitika niyamo pALatA hatA tethI temane naitika siddhAMtonI jarUra na hatI.3pa zinjo dharmamAM je naitika niyamonA pAlanano Agraha rAkhavAmAM Avyo che temAM pavitratA ane vaphAdArIne lagatA niyamo mukhya che. A uparAMta anya naitika Adezo to paNa zitto nItimAM samAveza thAya che. (1) pavitratA : pavitratA e zinjo dharmanI naitikatAno pAyo che. pavitratA dvArA ja divyatattva sAthe sAyujya sthApI zakAya che. zinjo dharmamAM kahevAyuM che ke, "A jagatanI sarvavastuono tyAga karI, svaccha zarIra ane pavitra hRdayathI dararoja tame mArI tarapha Avo." jApAnano rAjA mikADo paNa samasta dezanI zuddhi-pavitratA mATe tathA prajAnAM pApa, corI, vyabhicAra, mArAmArI vagerethI thayelA aparAdhonA prAyazcita rUpe dara cha mahine saMskAra vidhi yoje che. zinjo dharmanI saMskAravidhiomAM sauthI vadhAre agatyanI vidhi ""oho-harahI" (parama pavitratA)nI che.36 pavitratA bAhya ane AMtarika ema be prakAre keLavavAnI che. bAhyazuddhi eTale zarIrane snAnAdi kriyAthI zuddha karavuM te. devonI pUjA ke dhArmika vidhi karatAM pUrve dehazuddhino A dharmamAM khUba Agraha rAkhavAmAM Avyo che. ko-jI-kI ane nihon-gImAM kahevAyuM che ke, "IjhanagI deva paNa dehanI zuddhi arthe jaLathI snAna karatA." AMtarazuddhi eTale hRdayanI ke mananI pavitratA : hRdayanI zuddhi vagaranI bAhyazuddhi e kharI pavitratA nathI. zintIdharmanI e spaSTa mAnyatA che ke pavitra jaLathI snAna karavuM e bAhya zoca che paraMtu zarIra ane mana baMne pavitra rAkhavAthI ja ApaNo AtmA Izvara sAthe aikya anubhavI zake che. (2) vaphAdArI : zinjo nItimImAMsAmAM vaphAdArInA siddhAMtanuM mahattvapUrNa sthAna che. jApAnanI prajA mAne che ke mikADo e devI rAjA che. tethI tenA pratye vaphAdArI rAkhavI

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zinjo dharma 237 e mahattvano naitika niyama che. AthI potAnA rAjya ane rASTra paratve UMDo Adara ane niSThApUrvakanI vaphAdArI jApAnanI prajAnA lohImAM vaNAI gayAM che. nihona-gImAM lakhyuM che ke, "ATha dviponI bhUmi upara sAkSAta deva tarIke je rAjA rAjya kare che te nAmadArane huM AnaMda ane mAnanI lAgaNI sAthe sASTAMga daMDavata praNAma karuM chuM."37 (ra : 217) jApAnanA rAjayabaMdhAraNamAM paNa mikADo pratyenA Adarane vaNI levAmAM Avela che. jemake, niyama-1. anAdikALathI jemano vaMza avicchinna cAlI Avyo che te rAjAo jApAnanuM rAjya karaze. niyama-2. rAjA e pavitra padArtha che ane tethI tenI AjJAnuM ullaMghana karavuM nahi. I.sa. 1890mAM keLavaNIne lagatA hukamo kADhavAmAM AvelA temAM paNa darzAvAyuM hatuM ke, "jApAnanuM vaMzaparaMparAnuM je eka rAjazAsana cAle che tenA tarapha apUrva mAna ane vaphAdArI rAkhavA ane tenI sattA mATe koI jAtanI zaMkA uThAvavI nahi.38 (3) anya naitika Adezo : anya naitika AdezomAM satya, akrodha vagere saguNono mahimA thayelo jovA maLe che. dA.ta. nihon.-gI 1 : 317mAM kahevAyuM che ke, "je satya bole che tene IjA thatI nathI. je jUTho che tene avazya bhogavavuM paDe che."39 te ja rIte 2 : 138131mAM jaNAvAyuM che ke, "je kharAba che tenI niMdA karo. je sAruM che tene uttejanA Apo. AMkho lAlacoLa thavA dezo nahi. koInI IrSA karazo nahi."40 A uparAMta sadAcArane lagatA nIcenA dasa niyamone zitto dharmanA sarvasAmAnya naitika niyamo tarIke svIkAravAmAM AvyA che : (1) devonI icchAnuM ullaMghana karazo nahi. (2) pUrvajo pratyenuM RNa bhUlazo nahi. (3) rAjyanI AjJAnA bhaMgano aparAdha karazo nahi. (4) jene kAraNe Apatti ane durbhAgya aTake che tathA mAMdagImAMthI sAjA thavAya che te devonI gahana kRpA ane sArApaNAne bhUlazo nahi. (5) samagra vizva eka kuTuMba che te bhUlazo nahi. (6) tamArI potAnI vyaktigata maryAdAo bhUlazo nahi.

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238 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo (7) bIjAo gusse thAya to paNa tame gusse thazo nahi. (8) tamArA kAmamAM ALasa karazo nahi. (9) zikSaNane Thapako maLe tevuM karazo nahi. (10) anyanI zikhAmaNathI doravAI jazo nahi.41 zinjo dharmamAM darpaNa, talavAra ane motInI mALAnI pUjA karavAmAM Ave che. A pratIkonuM je naitika mahattva che tene nIcenI rIte spaSTa karavAmAM AvyuM che : (1) darpaNane-pavitratA, nItimattA, prAmANikatA ane DahApaNanA sadgaNonuM sUcaka gaNavAmAM AvyuM che. (2) talavArane bahAdurI, vicakSaNatA, dRDhatA ane nyAyanA sadaguNonI sUcaka gaNavAmAM Avela che ane (3) motInI mALAne-paropakAra, sajjanatA, AjJAMkitapaNuM ane AkarSaNa (prema)nA sadgaNonI sUcaka gaNavAmAM Avela che.* pa. bhaktibhAvanA ane tenI abhivyakti : zinjo dharmanI bhaktibhAvanA ane tenI abhivyaktinuM svarUpa spaSTa karavA mATe nIcenI cAra bAbatono dhyAnamAM levA yogya che : (1) aihika sukho mATenI prArthanAo (2) amarasu-sUryadevI ane anya devapUjA (3) mikADo pUjA (4) keTalAka utsavo (1) aihika sukho mATenI prArthanAo : zinta zAstragraMtha yengI-zikimAM AvatI "norI-to" nAmanI paccIsa prArthanAomAM devo pratyenI bhaktibhAvanAnA darzana thAya che. 43 A prArthanAomAM aneka jAtanI mAgaNIo karavAmAM Ave che. jemake, "duSkALanA vakhatamAM varasAdanI-sArA pAkanI, dharatIkaMpa ane dAvAnaLamAMthI rakSaNa karavAnI, chokarAMnI, rAjAnA Arogya ane dIrdhAyuSyanI ane rAjyamAM sadAya zAMti ane sukha rahe tenI, paradezamAM gayelA tenA elacIonI sahI-salAmatInI, baLavAnI zAMtinI, caDAIne dUra karavAnI, rAjasenAne vijaya maLe tenI ane AkhA rAjyane sAmAnya rIte sukha maLe tenI."Aje paNa zittAdharmamAM devone je prArthanAo karavAmAM Ave che temAM ghaNe bhAge aihika sukhonI ja vAta hoya che. kepa (2) amarasu-sUryadevI ane anya devapUjA : zinto devasRSTimAM amaterasu-sUryadevanI pUjAnuM mahattva sarvAdhika che. Ise nAmanA dhArmika sthaLe sUryadivInA mAnamAM eka maMdira bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM che ane tyAM

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zinjo dharma 239 prajA ane sarakAra taraphathI dara varSe sUryadevanI pUjA karavAmAM Ave che ane A divase utsavarUpe mAnavAmAM Ave che. A pUjA, amuka prakAre karavI e vize dharmagraMthomAM niyamo ApavAmAM AvelA che. A maMdiramAM pUjArI tarIke jApAnanI rAjakanyA ja sevA bajAvI zake evI prathA paraMparAgata rIte cAlI Ave che. (ko-jI-kI 174186) A maMdiranA madhyabhAgamAM eka darpaNa rAkhavAmAM AveluM che. jApAnanI prajA mAne che ke A darpaNa-sUryadavI-amaterasue prathama mikADone ApyuM hatuM ane kahyuM hatuM ke, "A darpaNamAM, mAro ja AtmA vase che, ema mAnIne tenI pUjA karajo (ko-jI-kI 109). nihonu-gI 1 : 83mAM paNa kahevAyuM che ke, "amaterasue potAnA hAthamAM te darpaNa lIdhuM ane kahyuM ke, mArA bALa, tuM jyAre darpaNamAM jue tyAre, tuM jANe mArI samakSa jue che ema huM mAnIza. A pavitra darpaNa tArI pAse ' rAkha." jApAnanI prajA mAne che ke A darpaNanI pUjA eTale sUryadevI-amaterasunI pUjA, sUryadevanA maMdiramAM darpaNa uparAMta talavAra ane motInI mALAno samAveza paNa thAya che. IsamAM AvelA sUryadevanA maMdiramAM thatI pUjA uparAMta dareka gAmamAM rastAnI bAjue AvelAM aneka maMdiromAM ane AkhA jApAnanAM lagabhaga badhAM suMdara sthaLoe zinjo dharmanI pUjAno keTaloka prakAra jovAmAM Ave che. A maMdiromAM je kharekharI pUjA thAya che te lagabhaga vyaktio ja kare che, mANasonA saMgha nahi. jema zreSTha puruSa AgaLa AdarabhAvathI namIe chIe e pramANe pUjAne aMge paNa vidhisara praNAma karavA paDe che. keTalIka vAra AdarabhAva darzAvavA mATe mauna rAkhIne, be hAtha joDavAno rivAja paNa che. zinjo dharmanI pUjAmAM devone dravyanI Ahutio paNa ApavAmAM Ave che."47 (3) mikADo pUjA : mikADo devano avatAra che, temanI sattA paNa devanA jevI che e mAnyatA jApAnanI prajA ghaNI khuzI ane namratAthI svIkAre che. AthI dara varSe nikADonA janma divase dareka keLavaNInI saMsthAmAM sarakArI hukamane mAna ApIne eka pavitra utsava manAvavAmAM Ave che ane te vakhate svadezAbhimAnanI bhAvanAne poSaNa ApI rAjAnA citrane namaskAra karavAmAM Ave che. (4) keTalAka utsavo : zinjo dharmanA mahattvanA utsavomAM "jinena-sAI" ane "zina-jo-sAI" e be utsavo vizeSa mahattvanA che.48 A utsavo vakhate maMdiro tathA gharone zaNagAravAmAM Ave che tathA deva-devIone naivedyarUpe navuM dhAnya dharAvavAmAM Ave che, temaja sArA pAka ane samRddhi mATe prArthanA paNa karavAmAM Ave che.

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240 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo A uparAMta jApAnIo yuddha-devotsava paNa Ujave che. A utsava vakhate buzIdo (vIrapuruSano mArga)no mahimA karavA mATe jApAnanA vIrapuruSonuM smaraNa karavAmAM Ave che tema ja te vakhate vividha ramatagamatonuM Ayojana karavAmAM Ave che. 6. vairAgyabhAvanA ane tenI abhivyakti H zinjodharmamAM svarga-naraka tema ja mokSano khyAla jovA maLato nathI ane tethI AtmasAkSAtkAra jevI pAralaukika bAbatone A dharme mahattva ApyuM nathI. zinjo dharma khAsa karIne rASTrIya dharmarUpe vikAsa pAmyo hovAthI, prajAkIya ane rASTrIya sukhasaMpatti ane te mATe jarUrI sadAcArano ja temAM Agraha rAkhavAmAM Avyo che. devo pAse paNa aihika sukhanI ja mAgaNIo karavAmAM AvI che. AthI zittAdharmamAM vairAgyanI bhAvanAnAM spaSTa darzana thatAM nathI. tema chatAM prajA ane rASTranA kalyANanA pAyAmAM dharma rahelo che ema zinjo dharma svIkAre che ane tethI ja zinjo dharma pavitratA, vaphAdArI temaja anya naitika saguNono Agraha rAkhe che. A sadgaNo svArthaparaka vyavahAramAM kyAreka zakya nathI. Ama svArthatyAgamAM rahelI vairAgyabhAvanAnuM zinjodharmamAM sthAna che. nihon.-gI (2; 130-131)mAM spaSTa rIte jaNAvAyuM che ke, "lobhavRttino tyAga karo; vadhu pramANamAM khAvAnuM choDI do."49 7. upasaMhAra : zinjodharmamAM dharma ane rASTrabhakti e baMneno samanvaya jovA maLe che. AthI kevaLa AdhyAtmika dRSTie vicAratAM temAM kadAca truTIo jaNAya paraMtu dharmane jo samAjaghaDataranuM aMga gaNavAmAM Ave to zinjo dharma e eka mahattvano dharma che, kAraNa ke teNe jApAnanI prajAmAM vikAsamAM ghaNo moTo phALo Apyo che. dezaprema, pavitratA, prAmANikatA ane niSThA jevA sadguNono je Agraha jApAnanI prajAmAM jovA maLe che te advitIya che ane te zittAdharmane ja AbhArI che. A dRSTie zinjo dharmanuM jagatanA vidyamAna dharmomAM viziSTa sthAna che.

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zinjo dharma 241 saMdarbhasUci Gundry D. W.; Religions, P. 90 2. go. ha. bhaTTa; vizvanA dharmo, pR. 142 3. A. bA. dhruva; dharmavarNana, pR. 263 Edward J. Jurji; The Great Religions of the Modern World, P. 146. Ibid P. 989 6. go. ha. bhaTTa; jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 219 9. Frederic Spiegelberg; Living Religions of the World, P. 34EUR. c. Genchi Kato; A Study of Shinto; The Religion of the Japanese nation, P. 206-207. E. Gundry D. W.; op. cit., P. 90. 90. R. E. Hume; The World's Living Religions, P. 942 11. go. ha. bhaTTa; jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 219 12. ejana, pR. 220 93. Frederic S.; op. cit., P. 348 14. Ibid, P. 354 94. Hume R. E.; op. cit., P. 944 95. Frederic S.; op. cit., P. 348 17. go. ha. bhaTTa : jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 221 18. Hume R. E.; op. cit., P 155. 19. Ibid, P155 20. go. ha. bhaTTa, jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 122 ra1. Gundry D. W.;, op. cit., P. 71-72 32. Jurji E. J.; op. cit., P. 989

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242 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 23. Hume R. E.; op. cit., P. 94EUR 24. desAI bI.jI.; dharmonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 2para 25. go. ha. bhaTTa; jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 145 25. Gundry D. W.; op. cit., P. 90. 27. desAI bI. jI., dharmonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 2para 26. Archer John Clark; Faiths Men Live By, P. 943 29. Hume R. E.; op. cit., P. 157 30. go. ha. bhaTTa; jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 227 31. ejana, pR. 227 32. ejana, pR. 227 33. Gundry D. W., op. cit., P. 99 34. A. bA. dhruva; dharmavarNana, pR. 263 34. Gendry D. W., op. cit., P. 92 36. go. ha. bhaTTa; jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 239-242. 37. ejana, pR. 229 38. ejana, pR. 230 39. ejana, pR. 241 40. ejana, pR. 241 89. Champion S. C.; The Eleven Religions and Their Proverbial Lore, P. 240 42. Archer J. C; op. cit, P. 149-150. 43. go. ha. bhaTTa; jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 236 44. ejana, pR. 237 45. ejana, pR. 237 46. ejana, pR. 238 47. ejana, pR. 234-235 48. jagatanA mukhya dharmo, bhA. 2 pR., 111 49. go. ha. bhaTTa; jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, pR. 241.

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prakaraNa-16 dharmonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana - jayendrakumAra yAjJika prAstAvika : A pustakanA pahelA prakaraNamAM ApaNe e hakIktano nirdeza karyo che ke dharma e mANasajAtanI vizeSatA che, ane tethI mAnavajAtionA sAMskRtika ItihAsamAM temaja koI paNa deza ane kALanA mAnavasamAjamAM dharmanuM sthAna ghaNuM mahattvapUrNa che. A pachI bIjA prakaraNamAM ApaNe e muddAnI spaSTatA karI che ke dharmanuM mULa svarUpa eka hovA chatAM judA judA saMyogo ane judI judI rucinA mANasone anulakSIne dhArmika jIvananA aMgarUpa jJAna, bhakti, nIti ane vairAgano vicAra judI judI rIte karavAmAM Ave che ane e rIte "dharma eka hovA chatAM aneka "paMtho', "anugamo' ke dharmo astitvamAM Ave che. A rIte astitvamAM AvelA aneka dharmomAMnA jagatanA mukhya dharmo (jagatanA vidyamAna agiyAra dharmo)no ApaNe abhyAsa karyo che. pratyeka dharmano paricaya meLavatI vakhate ApaNe tenA 1. tAttvika siddhAMto, 2. naitika siddhAMto, 3. bhaktibhAvanA ane 4. vairAgyabhAvanAne samajavAno yatna karyo che. A prakaraNamAM ApaNe A cAra bAbatone anulakSIne vividha dharmonI mahattvapUrNa mAnyatAonI tulanA karavAno yatna karIzuM. 1. tAttvika siddhAMto : 1. zAstragraMthonI pavitratA, pramANabhUtatA ane divyatA : ApaNe jANIe chIe ke jagatanA vidyamAna agiyAra dharmomAMnA pratyekamAM amuka dharmagraMtha ke dharmagraMthone pavitra ane pramANabhUta mAnavAmAM Ave che. A dareka dharma potapotAnA zAstragraMthane eka yA bIjA arthamAM alaukika ke divya paNa mAne che. hiMdu dharma, islAma dharma ane khristI dharma to anukrame veda, kurAna ane bAIbalane khuda Izvaraprerita ja mAne che. koI paNa dharma potAnA zAstrane Izvararacita ke Izvaraprerita mAne temAM kazuM khoTuM to nathI ja. ethI UlaTuM, AvI mAnyatAne lIdhe dhArmika zraddhA baLavattara bane che ane AdhyAtmika vikAsane ghaNo vega maLe che. A mAnyatA aMgenI muzkelI tyAre

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244 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo ja UbhI thAya che ke jayAre eka dharmanA anuyAyI potAnA sivAyanA koI paNa dharmanuM zAstra Izvaraprerita nathI ema pratipAdita karavAno prayatna kare che. jo Izvara eka ja hoya to e ekano eka Izvara ja hiMduone, musalamAnone ane khristIone temanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa mATe jarUrI hoya tevI preraNAvALuM zAstra temane Ape, e sarva jIvonuM hita cAhanArA ane sarva zaktimAna Izvara mATe taddana svAbhAvika che. Ama, tamAma dharmonAM zAstrone Izvaraprerita mAnavA e ja ekezvaravAdI daSTi sAthe susaMgata che. AthI ja vedane Izvaraprerita mAnanArA eka custa hiMdunI hesiyatathI gAMdhIjIe lakhyuM che : "kurAnane Izvaraprerita mAnatAM huM nathI acakAto, jema bAIbala, chaMda avestA, graMthasAheba ane bIjAM nirmaLa zAstrone Izvaraprerita mAnatA huM nathI acakAto. Ama, badhA dharmonA nirmaLa zAstragraMthone Izvaraprerita mAnIne temAMthI potAnA AdhyAtmika vikAsa mATe preraNA meLavavI e dareka dharmapremI mANasanuM kartavya banI rahe che." A dRSTie jotAM gAMdhIjI kahe che tema "ApaNe badhA musalamAna chIe; temaja ApaNA badhA hiMdu ane khristI paNa chIe. satya e koI paNa eka dharmagraMthanI ekAMtika saMpatti nathI." 2. IzvaravAda ane ekezvaravAda : jagatanA moTA bhAganA dharmo IzvaravAdI che. arthAta temAM IzvaranA astitvano svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che. jagatanA tamAma dharmo paikI phakta jaina dharma ane bauddha dharma e be ja dharmo evA che ke jemAM saiddhAMtika rIte IzvaranA astitvano svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo nathI. joke jaina dharmamAM mahAvIra svAmI ane bIjA tIrthakaronI ane bauddha dharmamAM gautama buddhanI IzvaranI peThe je pUjAArAdhanA karavAmAM Ave che. Ama, paripUrNa Izvara ke paripUrNa daivI puruSanA astitvano svIkAra karIne tenI ArAdhanA karavI e dharma mAtranI eka vyApaka lAkSaNikatA che. IzvaranA astitvano svIkAra karanArA dharmo mATe IzvaranI saMkhyAno prazna mahattvano bane che. Izvara eka che ke aneka ? e praznano vikasita dhArmika cetanA taraphathI maLato javAba e che ke Izvara eka ane advitIya che. Izvarane eka ane advitIya mAnanAra ekezvaravAdI kahevAya che. ekezvaravAdano ekadama joradAra Agraha rAkhavA mATe islAma dharma sauthI vadhAre vikhyAta che. yahUdI, khristI ane zIkha dharmamAM paNa ekezvaravAda spaSTa che. hiMdu, jarathostI, tAo ane zinjo dharmamAM uparachallI rIte jotAM anekadevavAda jovA maLe che. paraMtu UMDANathI vicAratAM A dharmo paNa ekezvaravAdI ja che e vAtanI pratIti thAya che. hiMdu dharmazAstro vAraMvAra e ja vAta kare che ke paramAtmA eka ja che ane judA judA mANaso potapotAnI ruci pramANe tenAM vividha nAmo Ape che ane tenAM vividha rUpo kahyuM che. Ama, hiMdu dharmanI 'trimUrti',

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dharmonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana 245 paMcAyatana" vagerene lagatI kalpanAmAM aneka devavAdanuM nahi, paNa eka ja Izvarane aneka rIte ArAdhavAnA svAtaMtryanuM ja pratibiMba paDe che. e ja rIte jarathostI dharmamAM ahuramajhada'nA, tAo dharmamAM "tAo'nA ane zinjo dharmamAM "kamI'nA svarUpanuM je varNana che teno tAttvika dRSTie vicAra karatAM ema spaSTa thAya che ke A dharmo paNa aMtima tattva tarIke eka ja Izvarano svIkAra karanArA ekezvaravAdI dharmo che. Ama, ApaNe joIe chIe ke mANasanI vikasita dhArmika cetanA anekadevavAdane tyajIne ekezvaravAdanuM samarthana kare che. 3. devI avataraNa aMgenI mAnyatA : Izvara A jagatano sarjaka che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa A jagata ane khAsa karIne A jagatamAM vasatA manuSyo sAthe tene ghaniSTha jIvaMta saMbaMdha che evI mAnyatA badhA IzvaravAdI dharmomAM jovA maLe che. jagata sAthenA potAnA ghaniSTha jIvaMta saMbaMdhane lIdhe Izvara kyAreka jagatamAM avatAra dhAraNa kare che athavA to potAnI koI payagaMbarane A pRthvI para mokale che evI mAnyatA hiMdu, jarathostI, yahUdI, khristI ane islAma dharmamAM che. hiMdu dharmanI mAnyatA evI che ke A jagatamAM jyAre jyAre dharmasaMsthApananI jarUra paDe che tyAre tyAre Izvara pote avatAra dhAraNa kare che. hiMdu zAstro spaSTa rIte kahe che ke IzvaranA aneka avatAro aneka sthaLe ane aneka svarUpe thayA che temaja thayA karaze. jarathostI, yahUdI, khristI ane islAma dharmamAM Izvara pote avatAra dhAraNa kare che evI mAnyatA nathI, paNa Izvara koI daivI uddhArakane pRthvI para mokale che evI mAnyatA che. A mAnyatAnI samajUtI ApatAM pro. dAvara lakhe che : "Izvarano eka sarvamAnya niyama che ke jyAre jagata upara julama, anIti, adharma ane anyAyanuM rAjya phelAya che tyAre koI payagambara ke mahAtmA AvI satya, prema, ahiMsA vagere tarapha lokonuM pharIthI lakSa dore che."3 A mAnyatAne anusarIne jarathostIo aSo jarathuSTrane "ahuramajhada'nA payagambara mAne che. e ja rIte khristI dharmamAM Isune IzvaranA putra ane islAma dharmamAM mahaMmadane allAhanA payagambara mAnavAmAM Ave che. islAma dharmamAM mahaMmada sivAyanA payagambarono paNa svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che. kurAnamAM vAraMvAra ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, "eka paNa koma evI nathI jemAM amAro koI cetavanAra (rasUla) thaI gayo na hoya."4 je dharmomAM devI avataraNano siddhAMta spaSTa rIte upadezavAmAM nathI Avyo te dharmomAM paNa potapotAnA dharmasaMsthApakone daivI puruSo mAnavAmAM Ave che. Ama, jaina dharmamAM mahAvIra svAmIne, bauddha dharmamAM gautama buddhane, zIkha dharmamAM nAnakadeva vagere zIkha guruone, kanphayuziyasa dharmamAM mahAtmA kaphyuziyasane ane tAo dharmamAM mahAtmA lAotrune daivI saMsthApaka tarIke mAnavAmAM ane pUjavAmAM Ave che. Ama, A pRthvI para dharmasaMsthApana mATe daivI avataraNa thayA kare che evI mAnyatA jagatanA lagabhaga badhA dharmomAM eka yA bIjA rUpe jovA maLe che.

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246 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 4. karmano niyama ane punarjanmano siddhAMta : mANasa jevuM karma kare tevuM phaLa tene A ne A ja janme ke A pachInA janmamAM maLe che evI karmanA niyama ane punarjanmane lagatI mAnyatA hiMdu, jaina, bauddha ane zIkha e cAra dharmamAM bahu spaSTa rIte svIkAravAmAM AvI che. jarathostI, yahUdI, khristI ane islAma e cAra dharmo punarjanmamAM mAnatA nathI, paraMtu dharmomAM karmanA niyamano svIkAra to che ja, kAraNa ke mANasane tenAM karmono yogya badalo maLe che evo siddhAMta A dharmone mAnya che. Ama, pratyeka mANasa potAnA karma mATe javAbadAra che ane tethI dareka mANasane potAnAM sArAM karmonuM sukhada phaLa ane kharAba karmonuM duHkhada phaLa nizcita rIte maLe che, evo siddhAMta to A AThe ATha dharmomAM svIkArAyo che. kanphayuziyasa, tAo ane zinto-A traNa dharmamAM karmanA AvA aphara niyamanuM spaSTa pratipAdana nathI, paNa A dharmomAM satkarmonuM je rIte pratipAdana thayuM che te jotAM ema spaSTa thAya che ke temAM paNa karmanA niyamano garbhita rIte svIkAra thayelo che. AnA parathI ema kahI zakAya ke jagatanA tamAma dharmomAM karmanA niyamano svIkAra thayelo che. jagatanA badhA dharmone karmanA niyama mAnya che, jyAre punarjanmanA siddhAMtano svIkAra ApaNe joI gayAM tema hiMdu, jaina, bauddha ane zIkha e cAra dharmomAM ja thayelo che. A dharmonuM pratipAdana evuM che ke jo karmano niyama svIkAravAmAM Ave to punarjanmano svIkAra anivArya bane che. kAraNa ke mANasane keTalIka vAra A janmamAM evAM phaLa bhogavavA paDe che ke jemano khulAso tenAM A janmanAM karmo vaDe thaI zake nahi. AthI ema svIkAravAnuM anivArya bane che ke mANase AgalA janmamAM karelAM keTalAMka karmonuM phaLa tene A janme bhogavavuM paDe che. e ja rIte mANasa A janmamAM jeTalAM karmo kare che te badhAMnuM phaLa tene A janmamAM ja maLI jatuM nathI ane tethI ema svIkAravAnuM jarUrI bane che ke potAnA A janmanAM keTalAMka karmonuM phaLa mANase bhaviSyanA janmamAM bhogavavAnuM raheze. Ama, karmano niyama ane punarjanma e baMne siddhAMtamAM mAnanArA dharmono mata evo che ke mANasanAM tamAma karmo ane temanA phaLarUpe mANasane bhogavavAM paDatAM tamAma pariNAmono karmanA niyamanI madadathI suyogya khulAso karavo hoya to karmanA niyamanI sAthe sAthe punarjanmanA siddhAMtano svIkAra paNa anivArya bane che. 5. mANasanA maraNottara astitva aMgenI mAnyatAH hiMdu, jaina, bauddha, zIkha, jarathostI, yahUdI, khristI ane islAma e ATha dharmomAM mANasanA maraNa pachI paNa tenuM astitva TakI rahe che tevo siddhAMta svIkAravAmAM Avyo che. mANasanA maraNottara astitvanA svarUpa aMgenA mAnyatAmAM A ATha dharmo be jUthamAM vaheMcAI jAya che. kizoralAla mazarUvALA kahe che tema AmAMnuM eka jUtha mokSavAdI che, jyAre bIjuM jUthe kayAmatavAdI che. A baMne jUthanI mAnyatAo anukrame nIce pramANe che:

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dharmonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana 247 hiMdu, jaina, bauddha ane zIkha dharmanA mata pramANe, jeno janma che tenuM maraNa che ane jenuM maraNa che teno pharI janma che, kAraNa ke AgalA janmonAM karmane lIdhe jIvano A janma nakkI thAya che ane A janmanAM karmone lIdhe teno bhaviSyano janma niyata thAya che. A rIte cAlatI janmamaraNanI jaMjALa ke bhavATavimAM jIva anaMta kALa sudhI bhaTakyA ja kare che evI A dharmonI mAnyatA nathI. temano mata evo che ke jo mANasa mokSaprAptinA prayatno karIne karmanAM baMdhana toDI nAkhe to te bhavacakramAMthI chUTIne potAnA AtmAnA mULa svarUpano sAkSAtkAra kare che. arthAta mokSAvasthAne pAme che. mokSAvasthAnA svarUpa aMgenI vigatomAM A dharmo vacce mataikya nathI, paraMtu A cAre dharmomAM eTaluM to samAnapaNe svIkArAyuM che ke mokSAvasthA e zAzvata dhanyatAnI sthiti ane ane temAM du:khano sadaMtara abhAva hoya che. Ama, A cAre dharmonA mata pramANe AtmA amara che ane zarIranA maraNa pachI amara AtmA kAM to potAnA karma pramANe bIjuM zarIra dhAraNa kare che athavA to jo tene karmonuM phaLa bhogavavAnuM na rahyuM hoya to te potAnA mULa svarUpano sAkSAtkAra karI mokSAvasthArUpI zAzvata dhanyatAnI sthitine pAme che. jarathostI, yahUdI, khristI ane islAma dharmanA mata pramANe, punarjanma nathI. Ano artha e ke A dharmonI dRSTie mANasano A janma e ja teno A pRthvI parano pahelo temaja chello janma che. joke Ano artha e nahi ke A dharmo AtmAne amara mAnatA nathI. temane AtmAnA amaratvano siddhAMta mAnya che, kAraNa ke A cAre dharmo ema mAne che ke maraNa pachI mANasa pharIthI sajIvana thAya che. Ama, A cAre dharmo kayAmavAdI che, kAraNa ke prophesara dAvara kahe che tema ""kayAmatano asala artha-UThIne UbhA thavuM (sajIvana thavuM) - evo thAya che."6 maraNa pachI keTalA vakhate mANasa pharIthI sajIvana thAya che e praznano ekasarakho uttara A dharmomAMthI maLato nathI. paNa A cAre dharmomAM eTaluM to samAnapaNe svIkArAyuM che ke 1. maraNa pAmyA pachI amuka vakhata pasAra thayA bAda mRtAtmA pharI sajIvana thAya che ane alaukika duniyAmAM anaMtakALa sudhI jIve che. 2. A alaukika duniyAmAM mANasanAM pApa ane puNyano hisAba karIne teno nyAya toLavAmAM Ave che. 3. pApanI sajArUpe jIvAtmA A alaukika duniyAmAM narakanAM jevAM du:khono anubhava kare che ane puNyanA badalArUpe jIvAtmA IzvaranA sAMnidhyamAM rahIne svargIya AnaMdane prApta kare che. mANasanA maraNottara astitva aMgenI jarathostI, yahUdI, khristI ane islAma dharmanI uparyukta mAnyatAnuM nirUpaNa A dharmonA pavitra zAstragraMthomAM karavAmAM AveluM che ane tethI ema kahevAnuM sarvathA ucita che ke A dharmo mANasanA maraNottara astitvamAM ane e astitva daramiyAna maLatA karmanA suyogya badalAmAM mAne che paNa punarjanmamAM mAnatA nathI. Ama chatAM keTalAka jarathostI abhyAsIo evo mata dharAve che ke jarathostI dharmamAM punarjanmanI mAnyatA che. AthI jarathostI dharmanA ja

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248 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo anuyAyI ane saMniSTha vidyApuruSa pro. dAvarano A aMgeno abhiprAya noMdhavAnuM ahIM jarUrI bane che. teo lakhe che : 'jarathostI dharma pramANe punarjanma che ke kema te viSe abhyAsIomAM matabheda che. ApaNe svIkArIzuM ke punarjanmano siddhAMta atyaMta buddhigamya ane tarkazuddha che. eTaluM ja nahi jIvana-maraNanI philasUphI samajAvatA koI paNa siddhAMta karatAM punarjanmano siddhAMta vadhu pratItikara che, ema paNa ApaNe svIkArIzuM. paNa je niyama sauthI sAro ane kudaratI hoya te jarathostI dharmamAM hovo ja joIe, ema mAnI levuM ThIka nathI. keTalAka vidvAna jaNAve che ke, jarathostI dharmagraMtho saMpUrNa rUpamAM bacI zakyA nathI; temAMnA amuka aMzo ja bacI gayA che. jo saghaLAM dharmapustako bacyAM hota, to temAMthI punarjanmano niyama prApta thayo hoya. paNa A dalIlamAM vajUda nathI, kema ke jarathostI dharma pramANenI jIvanamaraNanI philasUphInI racanA ja evI che ke te mujaba punarjanmane emAM sthAna hoI zake nahi. pArasI dharmavido ane "Inspeknama' nAme oLakhAtA jarathostI dharmavidyAnA pArasI abhyAsIo jarathostI dharmamAM punarjanmano siddhAMta jue che ane tene puravAra karavA bahu utsuka hoya che. paNa jarathostI dharmazAstronA AdhArabhUta tarajumAo dhyAnathI vAMcatAM temaja taTastha rIte tenuM parizIlana karatAM punarjanmano mahAna siddhAMta A dharmamAM nathI ja, evA anumAna upara ApaNe AvavuM paDe che." 2. naitika siddhAMto : jagatanA badhA ja dharmomAM sadAcaraNane anusaravAno ane durAcaraNathI dUra rahevAno upadeza lagabhaga ekasarakhI rIte karavAmAM Avyo che. mANasa mAtra evuM icche che ke tenA pratyenuM saunuM vartana naitika dRSTie unnata hoya, joke potAnI nabaLAIone lIdhe tenuM potAnuM bIjA pratyenuM vartana haMmezAM AvuM hotuM nathI. AthI jagatanA tamAma dharmomAM "bIjA loko pAsethI jevA vartananI tame apekSA rAkho cho tevuM vartana tame bIjA loko sAthe rAkho' e niyamano "suvarNa niyama' tarIke svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che. A bAbatanA samarthanamAM esa.jI. cempiyane jagatanA judA judA nava dharmonA mULa zAstragraMthomAMthI pasaMda karelAM vAkyo nIce pramANe che: 1. "jenAthI tamane duHkha thAya che tenA vaDe bIjAne AghAta pahoMcADo nahi." - bauddha dharma 2. "tamArI dRSTie bIjA mANasoe tamAre mATe je vastuo karavI joIe te badhI ja vastuo tamAre bIjA mANaso mATe karavI, kAraNa ke A ja payagambarI niyama che." - khristI dharma 3. ""je vartaNUka tamane AghAtajanaka lAge che te vartaNUka tamArA mAnavabaMdhuo pratye karo nahi. AmAM AkhA 'torAha'no sAra che. bAkI badhuM to mAtra tenuM vivaraNa che. jA ane A sUtrano svAdhyAya kara." - yahUdI dharma

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dharmonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana 249 4. ""kartavyano sAra A che jenAthI tame duHkha thAya che te bIjA pratye karIza nahi." - hindu dharma 5. "mANasa je vastuo potAne mATe cAhe che te vastuo potAnA bhAIone mATe paNa jyAM sudhI te cAhato nathI tyAM sudhI te kharo musalamAna nathI." - islAma dharma 6. "sukhamAM ane du:khamAM, AnaMdamAM ane vyathAmAM ApaNe jevI saMbhALa ApaNI jAtanI laIe chIe tevI sarva jIvonI saMbhALa levI joIe ane tethI ApaNane aNagamatI IjA ApaNe koI jIvane pahoMcADavI joIe nahi." - jaina dharma 7. ""tArI jAtano tane jeTalo mahimA che teTalo ja bIjAno mahimA samaja. AthI tuM svargano adhikArI banIza." - zIkha dharma 8. ""tArA paDozIne lAbha thAya tene tAro lAbha gaNa; paDozIne nukasAna thAya tene tAruM nukasAna gaNa." - tAo dharma . ApaNI jAta mATe je sAruM nathI te bIjA pratye na karavAno svabhAva e ja sAro svabhAva che." - jarathostI dharma anya sAthenI vartaNUkane lagatA "suvarNa niyamanuM vivaraNa karatAM kaphyuziyase lakhyuM che : "jyAre tame gharanI bahAra ho tyAre koI mAnavaMtA mahemAnanuM tame svAgata karatA ho tevI rIte varte. prajA upara zAsana karatI vakhate koI mahAyajJamAM tame yajamAnakRtya karatA ho tevI rIte varto. je bIjuM koI tamArA pratye kare evuM tame na icchatA ho te bIjA pratye tame kadI paNa na karo. A pramANe tame karazo eTale jAhera jIvanamAM temaja khAnagI jIvanamAM tamAro dveSa karavA jevo uzkerATa koIne thaze nahi."9 upara jaNAvelA "suvarNa niyamane anusarIne bIjA mANaso sAthe vyavahAra karatI vakhate mANase je sadguNonuM AcaraNa karavAnuM hoya che ane je durguNothI dUra rahevAnuM hoya che temAMnA mukhya mukhya sadguNo ane durguNo nIce pramANe che : AcaravA yogya saguNo : 1. ahiMsA, 2. satya, 3. asteya 4. indriyanigraha (avyabhicAra, mitAhAra, mitabhASaNa, mAdaka padArthono tyAga vagere), pa. pavitratA, da vinaya-viveka, 7. dAna, 8. dayA, 9. kSamA ane 10. prema.

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250 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo TALavA yogya durguNo H 1. kAma (dharma ke nIti virodhI vAsanAo), 2. krodha, 3. lobha 4. moha, 5. IrSA, 6. abhimAna, 7. ALasa, 8. vizvAsaghAta, 9. aprAmANikatA ane 10. kRtajJatA. dareka mANase uparyukta skuNonuM AcaraNa karavuM joIe ane upara gaNAvelA durguNothI dUra rahevuM joIe, evo dharmamAtrano upadeza che. ucca naitika jIvana mATenA A sarvasAmAnya Agraha uparAMta judA judA dharmoe keTalAka viziSTa naitika siddhAMta para savizeSa bhAra mUkelo che ane e rIte samagra mAnavajAtanI naitika cetanAnA vikAsamAM potAnuM AgavuM pradAna kareluM che. jagatanA vividha dharmoe upadezelA viziSTa naitika siddhAMto saMkSepamAM nIce pramANe che : 1. hiMdu dharma sAdhAraNa dharmo uparAMta potapotAnA varNa ane AzramanA vizeSa dharmo (svadharma)nA pAlanano Agraha ane dhArmika sAdhanAne lagatuM saMpUrNa svAtaMtrya. 2. jaina dharma : ahiMsA ane jIvadayA. 3. bauddha dharma : ahiMsAmAMthI phalita thatI maitrI, kAruNya, muditA ane upekSA - e cAra bhAvanA. 4. zIkha dharma : nirbhaya-nirverapaNe anyAya ane duSTatAno sAmano karI dharmasaMsthApana mATeno Agraha. (hiMdu dharmamAM paNa duSTadamana ane dharmasaMsthApana mATeno Agraha rAkhavAmAM Avyo che. zrIkRSNa ane zrIrAmano A ja mukhya jIvanasaMdeza che.) 5. jarathostI dharma : pavitratA ane nyAyabhAvanA. 6. yahUdI dharma : nyAyabhAvanA 7. khristI dharma : mAnavasevA ane premabhAvanA 8. islAma dharma : bhrAtRbhAvanA ane jakAta 9. kaphyuziyasa dharma : 1. rAjA-prajA, 2. pitA-putra 3. pati-patnI, 4. moTAbhAI-nAnobhAI, pa. mitra-mitra e pAMca sAmAjika saMbaMdhone lagatAM kartavyono Agraha. 10. tAo dharma : nirabhimAnamAMthI niSpanna thatI nivRttiparAyaNatA 11. zinjo dharma : vaphAdArI ane rASTrabhakti e kahevAnI bhAgye ja jarUra rahe che ke jo badhA ja dharmanA anuyAyIo potapotAnA dharmanA naitika siddhAMtone anusaravA uparAMta vividha dharmonA viziSTa naitika siddhAMtone paNa potAnA jIvanamAM utAravAno prayatna kare to samagra mAnavajAtanuM naitika stara UMcuM Ave ane dharmamAtranuM gaurava vadhe. judA judA dharmoe upadezelA uparyukta viziSTa naitika siddhAMtomAM sAmAjika temaja vyaktigata naitika AcaraNane lagatA A be siddhAMto tulanAtmaka dRSTie khAsa

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dharmonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana 251 noMdhapAtra che : 1. hiMdu dharma ane kayuziyasa dharma upadezelI sAmAjika nIti ane 2. jarathostI ane khristI dharme upadezelI vyakti vyakti vaccenA vyavahAranI nIti. have ApaNe A baMne siddhAMtono anukrame tulanAtmaka paricaya meLavIzuM. 1. hiMdu dharma ane kayuziyasa dharmamAM upadezAvelI sAmAjika nIti : dareka mANase potAnA svadharmanuM pAlana karavuM joIe e hiMdu nItimImAMsAno kendrIya siddhAMta che. dareka samAjamAM vidyApuruSo (brAhmaNo), rAjapuruSo (kSatriyo), kheDUto, vepArIo vagere dhaMdhAdArI loko (vaizyo) ane zramajIvI loko (zUdro)nA varga hoya ja che. jo samAjamAM A caturvidha varga ke varNanA loko potapotAnI pharaja dharmAjJA samajIne pUrI niSThApUrvaka bajAve to samAja bhautika, naitika ane AdhyAtmika e anulakSIne jirAlDa harTe lakhyuM che : ""mAnavasamAjanA A caturvidha mALakhAnI prathama vyAkhyA karI tene nAma ApanAra AryasaMskRta samAjazAstrIya vicAraNA jeTalI bhAratanI che teTalI ja ApaNI che."10 jevI rIte cAra varNonI avasthA koI paNa samAja mATe upakAraka che tevI rIte cAra AzramanI vyavasthA koI paNa vyaktinA jIvana mATe upakAraka che. Ama, dareka mANase potapotAnA varNa (sAmAjika sthAna) ane Azrama (jIvananI avasthA)ne lagatAM kartavyo, eTale ke "svadharmanuM pAlana karavuM joIe evo hiMdu dharmano upadeza kevaLa hiMduo mATe ja nahi paNa koI paNa mAnavasamAjanA pratyeka sabhya mATe upakAraka ane tethI sau koIne mATe AcaravA yogya che. hiMdu dharma 'vasudhaiva kuTum' no siddhAMta Apelo che. jo hiMdu daSTie AkhuM vizva eka kuTuMba hoya to "hiMdu dharmano "svadharmano siddhAMta kevaLa hiMdu samAja mATe ja nahi paNa samagra vizvasamAja mATe ja hoI zake ane che. varNa ane AzraNanAM kartavyo (svadharma)nuM dharma-AjJA samajIne pAlana karavAno Agraha sevIne jevI rIte hiMdu dharme sAmAjika nItine dharmanA aMgarUpa gaNI che tevI rIte kanphayuziyase paNa sAmAjika nItine dharmanuM svarUpa ApeluM che. kaphyuziyasa dharmano e viziSTa naitika siddhAMta che ke 1. rAjA-prajA, 2. pitA-putra, 3. pati-patnI, 4. moTAbhAI-nAnobhAI ane pa. mitra-mitra e pAMca vaccenA saMbaMdhanI jALavaNI karavI e mANasanI pavitra pharaja che. A saMbaMdhonI suyogya rIte jALavaNI karavI eTale zuM ? e praznano kanphayuziyasa dharme Apelo uttara nIce pramANe che : 1. pitAe putra pratye premasabhara bhalamanasAI dAkhavavI joIe. potAnI vartaNUka dvArA putrane uttamottama naitika jIvana jIvavAnA preraNA ApavI joIe.11 putranI pitA pratyenI pharajano khyAla ApatA kakyuziyase lakhyuM che : "Ajano putradharma mAtra gharaDAM mAbApane pALavAno prazna banI gayo che. paNa A to evI vastu che ke jemAM ApaNA kUtarAMo ane ghoDAo paNa bhAgIdAra banI zake che. jo

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252 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo pUjyabhAvanuM vizeSa tattva na hoya to A baMne prakAramAM bheda zo che?"12 mAbApanI sevA karatAM putra kadIka namrapaNe virodha paNa dAkhavI zake; jo teo na ja sAMbhaLe to eme kahetAM viramavuM nahi, paNa sAthe sAthe vizeSa AdarabhAva paNa batAvatA rahevuM; jo eno zrama vyartha ja jAya to paNa eNe krodha dAkhavavo nahi." ""mAbApa jyAM sudhI jIvatAM hoya tyAM sudhI dUra dUranA pravAsa karavA nahi; pravAsa karavo ja paDe to sunizcita sthaLano ja karavo." "mAbApanI uMmaranuM haMmezAM smaraNa rAkhavuM - eka taraphathI AnaMdanA prasaMga tarIke, bIjI taraphathI bhayanA kAraNa tarIke."13 2. "patinuM patnI pratyenuM vartana haMmezAM nItiniSTha hovuM joIe, jyAre patnIe haMmezAM patinI AjJAmAM rahevuM joIe."14 3. "moTAbhAIno nAnAbhAI sAtheno vyavahAra saujanyayukta hovo joIe, jyAre nAnAbhAIe moTAbhAI sAthe AdarabhAvathI vinamrapaNe vartavuM joIe."15 4. rAjA paropakArI hoya ane prajA rAjAne vaphAdAra hoya e rAjA-prajA vaccenA saMbaMdhanI mukhya naitika AvazyaktA che. prajA saMtuSTa rahe, rAjyane vaphAdAra rahe ane sunItinA paMthe cAle te mATe rAjAe kaI rIte vartavuM joIe e bAbatanI samajUtI ApatAM kaphyuziyase kahyuM che : ""prAmANika manuSyone UMcI padavIe caDAvo ane saghaLA duSkRtya karanArAone rUkhasada Apo, eTale prajA saMtoSamAM raheze. duSkRtya karanArAone UMcI padavIe caDAvo ane prAmANika manuSyone rUkhasada Apo to prajAmAM asaMtoSa thaze." "tame (rAjA) teonI sAthe (prajAnI sAthe) gauravabharyuM vartana rAkho, eTale tamane teno Adara maLaze; tame sArA putra ane snehALa rAjavI thAo eTale teo tamane vaphAdAra raheze; lAyakAtavALAne UMcI padavIe caDAvo ane jemanAmAM UNapa hoya temane jJAna Apo. eTale teone sunItine paMthe cAlavAnuM protsAhana maLaze."16 5. mitrano mitra sAtheno vyavahAra udAratAbharyo hovo joIe. eka cInI kahevata jaNAve che : "jeTalI sahRdayatAthI tame tamArI potAnI jAtane mAphI Apo teTalI sahRdayatAthI bIjAne mAphI Apo, eTale saMpUrNa maitrI zakya banaze."17 hiMdu dharmanA varNAzramanA siddhAMtanI sAthe karyuziyasa dharmanA pAMca saMbaMdhonI suyogya jALavaNInA siddhAMtanI tulanA karatAM e spaSTa thaze ke baMne siddhAMto dhArmika jIvanamAM sAmAjika nItinA pAlananuM mahattva svIkAre che ane e rIte dharma ane samAja vaccenA ghaniSTha saMbaMdhanI spaSTatA kare che. ATalA pUratuM A baMne dharmanA sAmAjika nIti aMgenA siddhAMtamAM sAmya che. temanI vacceno mULabhUta bheda A pramANe che : hiMdu dharmamAM varNAzrama dharmanuM nirUpaNa e rIte karavAmAM AvyuM che ke vyakti jo dharmanuM pAlana kare to te samAjanI sevA to kare ja che, paNa sAthe sAthe potAnuM AdhyAtmika hita paNa sAdhe che. hiMdu paribhASAmAM kahIe to varNAzrama dharmanA

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dharmonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana 253 pAlanathI dharma, artha ane kAma e traNe puruSArtho uparAMta mokSarUpI parama puruSArtha paNa siddha thAya che. kaphyuziyasa dharme upadezelA pAMca sAmAjika saMbaMdhone lagatAM kartavyonuM pAlana karavAthI dharma, artha ane kAma e traNe puruSArtha siddha thAya che paNa mokSarUpI parama puruSArthane paNa siddha kare e rIte A kartavyono vicAra kanphayuziyasa dharmamAM karavAmAM Avyo nathI. bIjI rIte kahIe to, kaphyuziyasa dharmamAM mANasanAM sAmAjika kartavyono vicAra kevaLa laukika dRSTie karavAmAM Avyo che, jayAre hiMdu dharmamAM mANasanA "svadharmano vicAra laukika temaja paralaukika e baMne dRSTine nyAya thAya e rIte karavAmAM Avyo che. 2. jarathostI ane khristI dharma upadezelI vyakti vyakti vaccenA vyavahAranI nIti : khristI dharmanA upadeza pramANe pratyeka vyaktie bIjI vyaktio sAthenA vyavahAramAM haMmezAM prema, dayA ane kSamAnI bhAvanA ja pragaTa karavI joIe. sAmI vyaktinI lAyakAta zI che ? te ApaNI premapUrNa vartaNUkano yogya pratibhAva dAkhave che ke ApaNI premabhAvanAno khoTo lAbha uThAve che? vagere prazno pUchavA e Isu khrista upadezelA "mAnavaprema e ja Izvaraprema che' e siddhAMtanI sAthe bilakula susaMgata che. vAraMvAra niSphaLa javA chatAM teo prema-karuNAnA mArge ja cAlyA karavAnuM cAhe che ane AzA rAkhe che ke pApIno avazya hRdayapalaTo thaze. tema thAya ke na thAya to Isu to prema ane bhalAInI ja vAta karavAnA ane te pramANe ja AcaraNa karavAnA."18 Ama, khristI nItizAstra pramANe sAmI vyaktinI yogyatA ke tenA pratibhAvothI nirapekSa rIte mANase bIjAo sAthe premabharyo vartAva karavo joIe. jarathostI dharmano naitika upadeza ATalI hade AdarzavAdI nathI. pro. dAvara kahe che tema ""jarathuSTranI IcchA hatI ke, pApa upara puNyano vijaya thAya; pApa puNyane dabAvI na de tethI ja temaNe AjJA karI hatI ke bhalAIno badalo bhalAIthI vALo ane bhUMDAIno badalo paNa amuka hada sudhI bhalAI ane kSamAthI vALo; paNa jo bhalAIno aNaghaTato lAbha levAto hoya ane kSamAnuM pariNAma bevaDI bUrAImAM AvatuM hoya to te pApI sAthe ucita nyAyathI varto. jarathuSTranA pharamAna mujaba je mAthAbhAre pApIo sudhare nahi ane sudhAravA mAge paNa nahi temano sazastra sAmano karI temane parAjita karavo joIe."19 khristI dharma upadezelI premabhAvanAnI viruddha jarathostI dharma upadezelI nyAyabhAvanAnuM samarthana karatAM pro. dAvara kahe che : "IsunI nItisaMhitA ApaNA aMtarAtmAne jagADe che. emanI AjJA-koI ApaNA jamaNA gAla upara lapaDAka mAre to ApaNe DAbo gAla dharavo joIe. (methya 5, 39)-sau saMtapuruSonI sAdhutA jagADe tevI che, paNa zuM jagatamAM sau saMto che? pratyekane AtmA to che ja, paNa pratyeka puruSano AtmA ekasarakho vikasita ane saMvedanazIla nathI hoto. ApaNe joyuM ke, IsunI

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254 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo nItisaMhitA uttama che, balake jagatanAM nItizAstramAM zikhara samI che, paNa to pachI, A badhuM jANatA chatAM, kema koI deze Aja sudhI A nItiniyamo upara potAnI rAjyavyavasthA racI nathI? kema sarvatra polIsa ane lazkaranI vyavasthA karavI paDe che, kAyadA-kAnUna ghaDavAmAM Ave che ane gunegArone kAyadApUrvaka sajA thAya che ? IsunuM nItizAstra eka mahAkavinI kalpanA ke eka philasUphanA divAsvapra samAna bhavya ane utkRSTa che; chatAM duniyA, deza ke zahera to zuM, koI nAnA jUthe paNa tene AcaraNamAM mUkavAnI hiMmata bhAgye ja karI haze. A uparathI jaNAya che ke, apAra bhalAI ane kSamAvRtti uttama guNo hovA chatAM samAjamAM ghaNI vAra nyAya mATe kaDakAInI ane anivArya hiMsAnI paNa jarUra rahe che."20 vyakti vyakti vaccenA vyavahAranI nIti aMge khristI ane jarathostI dRSTikoNamAM bheda jarUra che, paNa temano samanvaya azakya nathI. bIjAo sAthe vyaktigata hesiyatathI vartavAnuM hoya tyAre premabhAvanA ane jyAre koI saMsthAkIya ke sAmAjika saMdarbhamAM vartavAnuM hoya tyAre nyAyabhAvanAne anusaravAmAM Ave to A baMne siddhAMtono samanvaya sadhAya che. pro. dAvare pote A prakAranA samanvayano nirdeza karelo che. teoe lakhyuM che : ""koI dayALu mANasa vyaktigata rUpamAM koI duSTane aneka vAra mApha karI zake; paNa jo te eka nyAyAdhIza hoya to, enI marajI hoya yA na hoya to paNa, enA hoddAnI rUe prApta thayelI pharaja pramANe teNe eka khUnIne dehAMtadaMDanI paNa sajA karavI ja paDe che; nahi to potAnA hoddAno tyAga karavo paDe che. manuSyane jevuM hRdaya hoya tevuM koI saMsthA ke rASTrane hotuM nathI. saMsthA ke rASTra kAyadA ane nyAya pramANe yaMtravat pravarte che. koI be dezonA loko vacceno saMbaMdha prema ane dayAno hoI zake, paNa te be dezonI sarakArano parasparano vyavahAra nyAyapUrvaka ja cAlI zake."21 Ama, e spaSTa thAya che ke sAmAjika ke rAjakIya kSetre nyAyano siddhAMta ane kevaLa vyakti saMbaMdhomAM premano siddhAMta sarvathA AvakAradAyaka che. 3. bhaktibhAvanA ane tenI abhivyakti : ApaNe AgaLa joI gayAM tema bhakti e dharmanuM viziSTa aMga che. Ama, jagatanA tamAma dharmomAM ISTadeva pratye bhaktibhAva sevavAmAM Ave che ane pUjA, prArthanA, bhajana, kirtana ane judAM judAM vrato ane utsavo dvArA A bhaktibhAvane abhivyakta karavAmAM Ave che. dareka dharmamAM potapotAnA iSTadeva ke Izvarane divya ane alaukika tattva mAnavAmAM Ave che. divya ane alaukika tattva A jagatamAM pratyakSa rIte daSTigocara thatuM nahi hovAthI tenI pratyakSa pUjA karavI hoya to A jagatanA eka yA bIjA padArthane e iSTadevanuM pratIka mAnIne e padArthanI pUjA karavAnuM Avazyaka bane che. A rIte dharmamAM mUrtipUjAne sthAna maLe che. jagatanA moTA bhAganA dharmo ISTadevanI mUrtinA vidhisaranA pUjanano mahimA svIkAre che. je dharmo mUrtipUjAno virodha kare che temAM

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dharmonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana 255 paNa eka yA bIjA pratIkanuM avalaMbana to levAmAM Ave ja che. paMDita sukhalAlajI kahe che tema "paramAtma tattva e to kharI rIte vANI ane manane agocara ja che, paNa ApaNA jevA apUrNa adhikArIne mATe te mArge AgaLa vadhavAne, tenuM smaraNa puSTa karavAne aneka pratIko che; pachI bhale te pratIko kASTa, pASANa ke dhAtunAM mUrta rUpa hoya agara kalpanA ke japasvarUpa mAnasika ne amUrta hoya, Akhare to e badhAM mUrta-amUrta pratIko ja che."22 ane DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan kahe che tema, "judAM judAM pratIko IzvaranA sAcA svarUpathI bhale game teTalAM dUra chatAM, mANasanA aMtaramAM UMcI koTinA AdhyAtmika bhAvo bhare che ne e bhAvone poSe che."23 AthI jagatanA tamAma dharmomAM koI ne koI pratIkanA avalaMbana vaDe paramatattvanI bhakti karIne e tattvane pAmavAno prayatna karavAmAM Ave che. akhAjIe kahyuM che : "sutara Ave tyama tuM rahe; jema tema karIne harine lahe."24 Ama, judA judA sAdhakonI ruci ane saMyogone anulakSIne judA judA dharmomAM judI judI rIte iSTadevanI bhakti karavAmAM Ave che; paNa game te rIte "harIne kahI zakAya e ja badhA dharmono Azaya hoya che. 4. vairAgyabhAvanA ane tenI abhivyakti ke dharma e jIvana pratyenI AdhyAtmika dRSTinuM pariNAma che. mAnavajIvanano AdhyAtmika dRSTie vicAra karanAra mANasa nIti ane bhaktithI vaMcita rahI zakato nathI. Ama, dhArmika jIvanamAM 1. AdhyAtmika dRSTi (AtmA ane paramAtmAnA svarUpanuM jJAna), 2. nIti ane 3. bhakti - e traNa aMgo Avazyaka che ane ApaNe AgaLa joI gayAM tema dhArmika jIvananAM A traNe aMgane siddha karavA mATe indriyanigraha ane manonigrahanI jarUra paDe che. dhArmika jIvanamAM apekSita evo A prakArano saMyama vairAgyathI zakya banato hoI, jagatanA tamAma dharmomAM vairAgyabhAvanAnuM mahattva svIkArAyuM che ane e bhAvanAnI abhivyaktirUpe judA judA prakAranAM vrato, upavAso ane tIrthayAtrAo karavAno upadeza ApavAmAM Avyo che. vairAgyabhAvanAnI abhivyaktirUpe saMsArano tyAga karIne saMnyAsI ke bhikSunI rIte jIvavAnuM jarUrI che ke kema e prazna aMge badhA dharmo vacce mataikya nathI. jagatanA moTA bhAganA dharmono mata evo che ke jemanAmAM tIvra vairAgyabhAvanA hoya teo saMsAratyAga kare te iSTa che. joke saMsAramAM rahIne paNa sAdhaka dharmamArge AgaLa prayANa karI zake che. AthI UlaTuM, jarathostI, zIkha vagere dharmomAM saMsAratyAgano spaSTa niSedha karavAmAM Avyo che ane evo upadeza ApavAmAM Avyo che saMsAranA udyamo karatAM karatAM nekIbharyuM ane pavitra gRhasthajIvana jIvavAmAM ja vairAgyabhAvanAnI sAcI abhivyakti samAyelI che. upasaMhAra : jagatanA judA judA dharmonA 1. tAttvika siddhAMto, 2. naitika siddhAMto, 3:

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256 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo bhaktibhAvanA ane 4. vairAgyabhAvanAne anulakSIne ApaNe A prakaraNamAM karelA dharmonA tulanAtmaka adhyayana parathI e spaSTa thAya che ke jJAna, nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya-e dhArmika jIvananA cAra aMgonuM mahattva dareka dharmamAM svIkAravAmAM AvyuM che. Ano artha e ke badhA dharmo vacce mULabhUta ektA che. dharmanuM mULa tattva badhA dharmomAM samAna che. judA judA dharmo vacce bheda eTalA mATe jaNAya che ke dharmanuM mULa tattva ke tAttvika svarUpa judA judA dharmomAM judI judI rIte abhivyakta thayeluM che. dharmanuM mULa svarUpa A rIte vividha rUpe vyakta thAya te taddana svAbhAvika paNa che ane atyaMta icchavA yogya paNa che. judI judI aitihAsika ane bhaugolika paristhiti temaja judI judI kakSA ane ruci dharAvatA mANasone anulakSI jo dhArmika jIvananA aMgarUpa jJAna, nIti, bhakti ane vairAgyane judI judI rIte pragaTa karavAmAM Ave to ema kahI zakAya ke dharma e koI jaDa vastu nathI paNa mANasanA samagra jIvanane UMDANathI sparzanAruM caitanya che. Ama dhArmikatA pragaTa karanArI aneka rItonuM jagatamAM astitva hoya e dharma mATe dUSaNarUpa nathI paNa bhUSaNarUpa che. phakta e vAtanuM haMmezAM smaraNa rahevuM ghaTe ke dhArmika jIvana jIvavAnI rIto aneka che, arthAta A jagatamAM aneka paMtho', "anugamo' ke "dharmo' che, paNa dharma eka ja che. judA judA dharmo ane temanA ArAdhya devo tAttvika daSTie eka ja che e satyanI samajUtI ApavA mATe ja vinobA bhAvee nIcenI sarvadharma prArthanAno prasAra karyo che : . OM tatsat zrI nArAyaNa tuM, puruSottama guru tu; siddha-buddha tU, skaMda vinAyaka savitA pAvaka tU; brahma majuda tU, yadva zakti tU, Izu-pitA prabhu tU, rudra-viSNu tU, rAmakRSNa tU, rahIma tAo tU; vAsudeva go-vizvarUpa tU, cidAnaMda hari tu; advitIya tU, akAla nirbhaya, Atma-liMga ziva tU. namo pAvate vAsudevAya . 25

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saMdarbhasUci gAMdhIjI, vyApaka dharmabhAvanA, pR. 28 ejana, pR. 30 3. phiroja kALasajI dAvara, jarathuSTra darzana, pR. 83 kurAna, 3pa : 24 kizoralAla gha. mazarUvALA, jIvanazodhana (pAMcamI AvRtti), pR. 120 6. phiroja kAvasajI dAvara, mota para manana (bIjI AvRtti), pR. 283 phiroja kAvasajI dAvara, jarathuSTra darzana, pR. 82-83 C. S. G. Champion, The Eleven Religions and Their Proverbial Lore, P. XVIII mohanalAla dave (anuvAdaka), kaphyuziyasanA bodhavacano, pR. 8-9. 10. upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA, zrIkRSNa puruSottama ane aMtaryAmI, pR. 230 233. 11. J. B. Noss, Man's Religions, P. 35-3pa2. 12. mohanalAla dave (anuvAdaka), kaphyuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 2 13. ejana, pR. 4 98. J. B. Noss, Man's Religions, P. 349 15. ejana, pR. 351 16. mohanalAla dave (anuvAdaka) kanphayuziyasanAM bodhavacano, pR. 24-25. 90. S. G. Champion, The Eleven Religions and Their Proverbial Lore, P. 81-82 18. phirojha kAvasajI dAvara, jarathuSTra darzana, pR. 45-46 19, ejana, pR. 44-45 20. ejana, pR. 46 21. ejana, pR. 46-47 22. rAdhAkRSNanuM, dharmonuM milana, prastAvanA, pR. 13

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258 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 23. ejana, pR. 240 24. gAMdhIjI, dharmamaMthana, 3 : 9 rapa. paMcAmRta (prArthanA-prasAdI, zAradA prakAzana-1 trIjI AvRtti), pR. 75. pariziSTa A pustikanAM vividha prakaraNonA lekhako 3. tattvajJAnanA prAdhyApaka ane adhyakSa, zrI svAminArAyaNa AMtararASTrIya mUlyazikSaNa vidyAbhavana, zrI svAminArAyaNa maMdira, kALupura, amadAvAda380001. padmabhUSaNa paMDita dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA nivRtta adhyakSa, lA. da. prAcyavidyAmaMdira, gujarAta yunivarsiTI kempasa, amadAvAda-380009. DaoN. nagInadAsa jIvaNalAla zAha kAryakArI adhyakSa (nivRtta), lA. da. prAcyavidyAmaMdira, gujarAta yunivarsiTI kempasa, amadAvAda-380009. DaoN. upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA mAnad prAdhyApaka, maharSi vedavijJAna akAdamI, amadAvAda ane niyAmaka, tulasI klinika, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009. pro. nIlA jayaMta joSI tattvajJAna vibhAga, gujarAta kaoNleja, elisabrija, amadAvAda-380006. pro. umezakumAra ANaMdajI yAjJika mAnad prAdhyApaka, zrI svAminArAyaNa AMtararASTrIya mUlyazikSaNa vidyAbhavana, zrI svAminArAyaNa maMdira, kALupura, amadAvAda-380001. pro. kailAsabahena baLadevadAsa paTela tattvajJAna vibhAga, zrI ha.kA.ArTsa kaoNleja, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9, DaoN. mukundarAya durlabhajIbhAI koTecA manovijJAna-tattvajJAna vibhAga, ema. pI. zAha ArTsa enDa sAyansa kaoNleja, surendranagara (saurASTra) pro. hariprasAda DAhyAbhAI pAThaka tattvajJAna vibhAga, zrI ha. kA. ArTsa koleja, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9,

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saMdarbhasUci 259 pariziSTa va. saMdarbhagraMtha sUci (noMdha : A sUcimAMnA pratyeka pustakano A pustakanA lakhANa daramiyAna upayoga thayo che. tethI A pustakanA sahu lekhako vatI A saMdarbhagraMtha sUcimAM AvatAM tamAma pustakonA lekhakonA RNano huM sAnaMda svIkAra karuM chuM. - saMpAdaka) 1. Athavana, nIraMga-I-dIna (prathama AvRtti), mu. dA. zeTha, prinsa oNpha velsa DAiva, pUnA (1944) 2. uttarAdhyayana, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI ekAdaza upaniSado, mULa zloko tathA saraLa anuvAda, sastuM sAhityavardhaka che " kAMgA kA. e., gAthA bA mAenI bIjI AvRtti), nirNayasAgara chApakhAnuM, muMbaI (1902). 5. kAMgA kA. e. (anuvAdaka), vaMdIdAda, daphatara AzakArA chApakhAnuM, muMbaI (1874) , gAMdhIjI, anAsakti yoga, navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda. gAMdhIjI, dharmamaMthana, navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda. 8. gAMdhIjI, yaravaDAnA anubhava (bIjI AvRtti), navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda. 9. gAMdhIjI vyApaka dharmabhAvanA, navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda. 10. gAMdhIjI, satyanA prayogo, navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda. gItAtripuTI, navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda. 12. guru graMthasAheba (graMtha 1-2). ziromaNi gurudvArA prabaMdhaka kameTI, amRtasara (1961) 13. jagatanA dharmo (bhAga 1 ane 2), gujarAta rAjya zALA pAThyapustaka maMDaLa, * gAMdhInagara jozI nIlA je, jarathuSTra darzana, yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa, amadAvAda. 15. jozI ha. ma., tAo dharma, yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa, amadAvAda. 16: jJAnagaMgotrI zreNI-17, sAhitya darzana (bhAratIya-2), saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, vallabhavidyAnagara. 11. 14,

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260 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 17. tattvArthasUtra, gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda, 18. tArAporavALA erI jahAMgIra sorAbajI, aSo jarathuSTra, zrI dakSiNAmUrti bhavana (1925) 19 dave mohanalAla (anuvAdaka), kanphayuziyasanAM bodhavacano, sAhitya akAdamI, navI dilhI (1975) 20. dazavaikAsika sUtra, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI 21. dAvara phi. kA, IrAnano cirAga, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda ' (1950) 22. dAvara phi. kA. jarathuSTra darzana, saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI presa, vallabhavidyAnagara (1974) 23. dAvara phi. kA., mota para manana (bIjI AvRtti), gujarAta vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda (1961) 24. desAI bhA. go., dharmonuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana, yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, amadAvAda (1973) 25. dhruva AnaMdazaMkara bA., ApaNo dharma, prAcya vidyAmaMdira, ma. sa. vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA. 26, dhruva AnaMdazaMkara bA. dharmavarNana, prAcya vidyAmaMdira, ma. sa. vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA (1959) 27. dhruva AnaMdazaMkara bA., hiMdu veda dharma, prAcya vidyAmaMdira, ma.sa. | vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA (1960) 28. nAradanAM bhaktisUtro, sastu sAhityavardhaka kAryAlaya, amadAvAda. 29. paTela ma. jo., gAMdhIjInuM dharmadarzana, yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjaya, amadAvAda, 30. parIkha rasikalAla choDAlAla (saMpAdaka tathA anuvAdaka) vaidiva parIvalI, gujarAta purAtattvamaMdira, amadAvAda. 31. pavitrazAstra, hiMda ane laMkAnI bAIbala sosAyaTI, beMglora (1952) 32. paMDita sukhalAlajI (saMpAdaka), yogadarzana tathA yogatrizikA, zrI AtmAnaMda jaina pustaka pracAraka maMDaLa, AgrA. 33. paMDita suMdaralAla, gItA ane kurAna, navajIvana prakAzana, amadAvAda (1963)

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saMdarbhasUci 261 34. paMDita suMdaralAla, hajarata mahaMmada ane islAma, navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda (1964) 35. pArekha nagInadAsa (anuvAdaka), tAo-te-ciMga, sAhitya akAdamI, amadAvAda (1975) 36. pArekha nagInadAsa ane phAdhara IsudAsa phavelI (anuvAdako), navo karAra (bAIbalanA uttarArdhano anuvAdaka), gujarAta sAhitya prakAzana, ANaMda (1976) 37. pArekha nagInadAsa ane phAdhara IsudAsa phalI (anuvAdako), zubha saMdeza ane preSitonAM carito, gujarAta sAhitya prakAzana, amadAvAda (1965) 38. phAdhara vAlesa, khristI darzana, saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, vallabhavidyAnagara (1972) 39. bUca bhUtaparAya mo. ane bUca DolararAya mo. (anuvAdako) sarva dharmonI tAtvika ekatA, bhAga 1 ane 2, bhASAMtara nidhi prakAzana, bhAvanagara (1969). 40. bhaTTa go. ha. (anuvAdaka) jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, bhASAMtara zAkhA, prAcyavidyAmaMdira, vaDodarA. (1936) 41. bhaTTa go. hA, vizvanA dharmo. prAcyavidyAmaMdira, ema. esa. vizvavidyAlaya, guDa kapeniyansa buka selarsa enDa pablizarsa, vaDodarA. manusmRti, sastu sAhitya mudraNAlaya, amadAvAda. 43. mazarUvALA ki.gha. gItAdhvani (bhagavadgItAnAM samazlokI anuvAda), navajIvana prakAza maMdira, amadAvAda. 44. mazarUvALA ki. gha., jIvanazodhana, navajIvana prakAzana maMdira, amadAvAda. 45. mahAbhArata (gUjarAtI padabandha), zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, muMbaI 46. mahetA na. de, zAkta saMpradAya, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, muMbaI (1949). 47. mahetA na. de, hiMda tattvajJAnano itihAsa, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda. 48. mAlavaNiyA dalasukha, gaNadharavAda, gujarAta vidyAsabhA, amadAvAda. 49. mAlavaNiyA dalasukha, jaina Agama, jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDaLa, banArasa. pa0. mAlavaNiyA dalasukha, jaina dharmaciMtana, a. ka. korA, 48, gotAliyA TeMka roDa, muMbaI 26. 51. munizrI vidyAvijayajI, sUrIzvara ane samrATa, yazovijaya jaina graMthamAlA, bhAvanagara (1979) 52. yAjJika umeza A., jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo, azoka buka DIpo, amadAvAda.

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26ra jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 53. vinobA bhAve, khrista-dharma-sAra, yajJa prakAzana, bhUmiputra, hujharAtaparA, vaDodarA (1968). 54. zAha nagIna jI., SaDU darzana bhAga-1 ane 2, yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, amadAvAda. 55. zukla caM. prA. (anuvAdaka), gItA darzana, vaoNrA enDa kaMpanI, muMbaI. pa6. zukla caM. prA. (anuvAdaka nuM milana, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, muMbaI (1947) 57. zukla caM. prA. (anuvA' ke du dharma, vorA enDa kaMpanI, muMbaI (1975) 58. zekha jhahIrUddIna (a. ..' kuraAna, islAmI sAhitya prakAzana, amadAvAda (1981, pa9. zrI nArAyaNa hemacaMdra (saMgrahaka banI, nirNayasAgara presa muMbaI. 60. zrI bhagavAnajI mahArAja ane kezavalAla abAlAla Thakkara (saMgrahakAra, saMzodhaka ane prakAzaka), zrI akhAjInI sAkhIo, prabhudAsa Thakkara kaoNleja, pAlaDI, amadAvAda. zrImad bhAgavata (bhAga-1 ane 2), sastuM sAhityavardhaka, kAryAlaya, amadAvAda. 62. zrI svAminArAyaNa vacanAmRta, zrI svAminArAyaNa gurukula, rAjakoTa 63. zrI svAminArAyaNa zikSApatrI, zrI svAminArAyaNa gurukula, rAjakoTa 64. sanmatitaka prakaraNa (gujarAtI) jaina zreyaskara maMDala, mahesANA 65. svAmI bAlamukundadAsajI, guNAtItAnaMda svAmInI vAto, zrI svAminArAyaNa gurukula, rAjakoTa 66. sAMDesarA uja, bhArataratna (bIjI AvRtti), prAcyavidyAmaMdira, ma.sa. vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA. 67. sAMDesarA upendrarAya ja, zIkhadarzana, saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI, vallabhavidyAnagara. 68. sAMDesarA u. ja, zrIkRSNa puruSottama ane aMtaryAmI, pUrvAdha ane uttarArdha, gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, amadAvAda (1973) 69. vArtha narendradeva, vaDha-dharma-rzana (prathama AvRtti), vihIra rASTranA paripat, paTanA (1956) 70. AcArAMgasutta, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 61.

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saMdarbhasUci 263 sAtau ( 2) 71. upAdhyAya bharatasiMha, bauddha dharma tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1-2 (prathama AvRtti) baMgAla hindI maMDala, kalakattA (saM. 2011) 72. caTTopAdhyAya evaM datta, bhAratIya darzana, kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya, kalakattA 73. tripiTaka, (nAlandA devanAgarIpAli granthamAlA, pradhAna saMpAdaka : bhikSu jagadIza kazyapa) bihArarAjakIyapAli prakAzanamaMDala 74. 'dinakara' rAmadhArIsiMha, saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya (prathama AvRtti), udayAcala, AryakumAra roDa, paTanA 75. dIghanikAyasAmaJaphalasutta, navanAlaMdAmahAvidyAlaya, nAlaMdA 76. pANDeya goviMdacaMdra, bauddha dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa, hindI samiti, sUcanA vibhAga, lakhanau (1863) 77. pramANavArtika, (saM. rAhulasAMkRtyAyana), paTanA, (1837) 78. rAdhAkRSNan, bhArata aura cIna, sanmArga prakAzana, dilhI-7 (saMvata 2012) 78. visuddhimArga, bhAga 1-2, (hindI anuvAda, anuvAdaka : bhikSu dharmarakSita) mahAbodhI sabhA, sAranAtha (1856) 80. sUthagaDa, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 81. Archer John Clark, Faiths Men Live By, The Ronald Press Company, New York, (1838) (2. Bahm Archie J., The World's Living Religions, Arnold Heinemann (1877) (3. Bapat P. V., (editor), 2400 Years of Buddhism, Delhi-Publica tion Division (1856) 84. Belvalkar and Ranade, History of indian Philosophy, Vol. II, The Creative Period, Bilvakunja Publishing House, Poona (1827) 85. Bhagavan Das, Essential Unity of AII Religions, The Theo sophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras 20, India (9644) 86. BouquetA. C., Comparative Religion, Penguin Books (1862) 87. Browne Lewis, This Believning World, The Macmillan Com pany, New York (1861) 88. Browne Lewis, Wisdom of Israel, Michael Joseph, London (1848)

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264 jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo C. Caldecott and Mackintosh, Selections from the Literature of Theism, Edinburgh, T. and T. Clark (9639) Co. Champion S. G., The Eleven Religions and their Proverbial Lore, George Routledge & Sons Ltd., London (9689) 69. Chatterjee S., Fundamentals of Hinduism : A Philosophical Study, Das Gupta & Co., Culcutta (9640) 62. Cronbach, Judaism for Today: Jewish Thoughts for Contem porary Jewish Youth, Bookman Associates, New York (1648) 63. Dhalla Dastur M. N., History of Zoroastrianism, Oxford Univer sity Press (1938) 68. Edwards D. M., The Philosophy of Religion, Progressive Pub lishers, Calcutta (1643) 64. Farquhar J. N., The Crown of Hinduism Humphrey Milford, Londo (9694) CF. Fredric Spiegelberg, Living Religions of the World, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice-Hall, U.S.A. (9648) Co. Gandhi M. K., Hindu Dharma, Navjivan Publishing House, Ahmedabad. ec. George S. K, The Story of the Bible, Navjivan Publishing House, Ahmedabad (9649) Cl. Genchi Kato, A study of Shinto (The Religion of the Japanese nation), Curzon Press Ltd., London (9601) 900. Gundry D. W., Religions (A Preliminery Historical and Theo logical Study) Macmillan & Co. Ltd., London (964C) 909. Gupta H. R., History of Sikh Gurus, Kapur & Sons, New Delhi (9603) 902. Harvell E. B., The History of Aryan Rule in India, George G. Harrap & Co., London. 903. Hume R. E., The World's Living Religions, Charles Scribner Sons, New York (1645) 908. Jurji E. J., The Great Religions of the Modern World, (4th ed.), Princeton University Press, New Jersey (9643)

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saMdarbhasUci 265 904. Kant, Critique of Practical Reason (Translated by abbott), . Longmans Green & Co., London (9648) 90EUR. Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs (Vol. 1-11), Princeton University Press, Oxford (9663-66) 909. Levine E., Judaism, T. C. & E. C. Jack Long Acre, W. C. and Edinburgh, New York, Dodge Publishing Co. 906. Lin Yutang, The Wisdom of Confucius, Michael Joseph Ltd., London (964C) 906. Macnicol Nicol, Indian Theism, Oxford University Press, Lon don (1694) 990. Mahadevan T. M. P., Outlines of Hinduism, Chetana Limited, Bombay (9648) 999. Mansukhiani, The Quintessence of Sikhism, Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee, Amritsore (9664) 992. Matthew Arnold, Literature and Dogma, Thomas Nelson & Sons, Londo. 993. Mattuck 1. 1., The Thoughts of the Prophets, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London (1643) 998. Noss J. B., Man's Religions, The Macmillan Company, New York (9649) 994. Potter C. F., The Story of Religions, Garden City Publishing Company, New York (1626) 998. Radhakrishnan, Principle Upanishads, George Allen & Unwin, London (1643) 999. Radhakrishnan, Religions and Society, George Allen & Unwin, London (168) 996. Radhakrishnan, Religions in a Changing World, George Allen & Unwin, London. 996. Radhakrishnan, The Report of University Education Commis sion. Vol. I., Ministry of Education, Government of India, New Delhi. 920. Radhakrishnan & Moore, C. A., (editors) A Source Book in Indian Philosophy Princeton University Press, London (1640)

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jagatanA vidyamAna dharmo 129. Rajagopalachari, Hinduism Doctrine and way of Life (Second Impression), Hindustan Times, New Delhi (964.3) 122. Ramanujacharya, Sri Bhasya, E.T. by Thibaut G., S. B: E. Vol. 86, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi (1682) 423. Shah N. J., Akalanka's Criticism of Dharmakirit's Philosophy, L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad. 228. Sinha J. N., The Foundations of Hinduism, Sinha Publishing House, Calcutta (1644) 924. Skinner John, Prophecy and Religions, Cambridge University Press (9669) 926. Syed Ameer Ali, The Spirit of Islam, Christophers, Londo (1689) 929. Wadia A.S.N. The Message of Zoroaster, London, J. M. Dent and Sops Ltd. 921. Weech W.H., (ed.) History of the World, Odhams Press Ltd., Long Acre, London.: 926. Yajnik J.A., The Philosophy of Sri Svaminarayana, L.D. Insti tute of Indology, Ahmedabad. (9602) 930. *Glimpses of World Religions, Jaico Publication House, Bombay (9649) * (The name of the Author is not mentioned).

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pustaka paricaya jJAna, nIti, bhakti ane vairAgya e uttamottama dhArmika jIvananAM cAra pAsAMo che. dhArmika jIvana ke dhArmikatAnA A Adarzane anulakSIne jagatanA pratyeka vidyamAna dharmano paricaya ApavAno A pustakamAM prayatna karavAmAM Avyo che ane e rIte temAM vividha dharmomAM rahelI mULabhUta ekatAnuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. | ApaNe lokazAhI ane binasAMpradAyika rAjyavyavasthA svIkArI che. enA anusaMdhAnamAM DaoN. rAdhAkRSNane yunivarsiTI ejyukezana kamizananA riporTamAM yathArtha kahyuM che ke "binasAMpradAyika hovuM eTale dhArmika dRSTie nirakSara rahevuM evo artha thaI zake ja nahI. sAMpradAyika saMkucitatA choDIne UMDI AdhyAtmikatA keLavavI e ja binasAMpradAyika hovAno kharo artha che." UMDI AdhyAtmikatA ane dhArmika sahiSNutAnI keLavaNImAM upakAraka thavAnI A pustakamAM kSamatA che. ane tethI A pustaka A viSaya bhaNatA vidyArthIo uparAMta vyApaka janasamudAyane mATe paNa upayogI che. ISBN : 978-93-81265-02-4 91989 8' TITnA vidyamAna dhama 1382 kiMmataH rUA.75.00