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INTRODUCTION.
IN the Introduction to the first volume of the translation of the · Vedanta-Satras with Sankara's Commentary' (vol. xxxiv of this Series) I have dwelt at some length on the interest which Rämânuga's Commentary may claim-as being, on the one hand, the fullest exposition of what may be called the Theistic Vedanta, and as supplying us, on the other, with means of penetrating to the true meaning of Bådarayana's Aphorisms. I do not wish to enter here into a fuller discussion of Råmanuga's work in either of these aspects; an adequate treatment of them would, moreover, require considerably more space than is at my disposal. Some very useful material for the right understanding of Råmånuga's work is to be found in the 'Analytical Outline of Contents' which Messrs. M. Rangåkârya and M. B. Varadaraga Aiyangår have prefixed to the first volume of their scholarly translation of the Sribhashya (Madras, 1899).
The question as to what the Satras really teach is a critical, not a philosophical one. This distinction seems to have been imperfectly realised by several of those critics, writing in India, who have examined the views expressed in my Introduction to the translation of Sankara's Commentary. A writer should not be taxed with 'philosophic incompetency,''hopeless theistic bias due to early training,' and the like, simply because he, on the basis of a purely critical investigation, considers himself entitled to maintain that a certain ancient document sets forth one philosophical view rather than another. I have nowhere expressed an opinion as to the comparative philosophical value of the systems of Sankara and Råmânuga; not because I have no definite opinions on this point, but because to introduce them into a critical enquiry would be purposeless if not objectionable.
The question as to the true meaning of the Sutras is
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