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228
VEDÂNTA-SOTRAS.
denote a mode, viz. a species, comprise in their meaning also that mass of matter which exhibits the characteristics of the species, and as that mass of matter constitutes the body and therefore is a mode of a soul, and as that soul again, so embodied, is a mode of the highest Self; it follows that all these words extend in their signification up to the highest Self. The meaning of all words then is the 'highest Self, and hence their co-ordination with words directly denoting that highest Self is a primary (not merely implied ') one.
But, an objection is raised, we indeed observe that words denoting species or qualities stand in co-ordination to words denoting substances, the ox is short-horned,' the sugar is white'; but where substances appear as the modes of other substances we find that formative affixes are used, 'the man is dandin, kundalin' (bearing a stick; wearing earrings).- This is not so, we reply. There is nothing to single out either species, or quality, or substance, as what determines co-ordination : co-ordination disregards such limitations. Whenever a thing (whether species, or quality, or substance) has existence as a mode only-owing to its proof, existence and conception being inseparably connected with something else the words denoting it, as they designate a substance characterised by the attribute denoted by them, appropriately enter into co-ordination with other words denoting the same substance as characterised by other attributes. Where, on the other hand, a substance which is established in separation from other things and rests on itself, is assumed to stand occasionally in the relation of mode to another substance, this is appropriately expressed by the use of derived forms such as
dandin, kundalin.' Hence such words as 'I,''thou,' &c., which are different forms of appellation of the individual soul, at bottom denote the highest Self only; for the individual souls together with non-sentient matter are the body-and hence modes of the highest Self. This entire view is condensed in the co-ordination 'Thou art that.' The individual soul being thus connected with the highest Self as its body, its attributes do not touch the highest
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