Jain Tattva Mimansa

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith Shajapur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004420/1

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prAcya vidyApITha granthamAlA-49 jaina vasanImAMsA parama DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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samarpaNa pa. pU. mAlava siMhanI zrI vallabhaka~varajI ma.sA. pa. pU. sevAmUrti zrIpAnaka~varajI ma.sA. pa. pU. suprasidva vyAkhyAtrI zrI hemaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. pa.pU.adhyAtma rasikA zrI maNiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA.

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ISBN-No.978-81-910801-8-6 (2) prAcya vidyApITha granthamAlA kramAMka - 49 jaina tattvamImAMsA - lekhaka - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina vidyA KI yA rAjApura kura pA vidyA prakAzaka - prAcya vidyApITha zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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prAcya vidyApITha granthamAlA kramAMka - 49 jaina tattvamImAMsA lekhaka: DaoN. pro. sAgaramala jaina prakAzakaprAcya vidyApITha, dupADA roDa zAjApura (ma.pra.) phona na. 07364-222218 email - sagarmal.jain@gmail.com prakAzana varSa 2014-15 kApIrAiTa mUlya - lekhaka - rUpaye 200/ mudaka AkRti oNphaseTa 5, naI peTha, chatrI cauka ke pAsa ujjaina (ma.pra.) phonaH 0734-2561720

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prakAzakIya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina vidyA ke adhikRta vidvAna haiN| unhoMne hamAre Agraha para "jaina tattvamImAMsA " para atyAdhika parizrama pUrvaka yaha grantha taiyAra kiyA hai| aba ve apane jIvana ke 8 3 veM varSa meM cala rahe haiM, phira bhI jana sAmAnya ke upayoga ke lie unake dvArA racita yaha grantha prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai / grantha kI bhASA pravAha yukta, sarala evaM subodha hai| hameM AzA hai ki jaina jagata isa kRti kA adhyayana kara jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM apane jJAna kI abhivRddhi kregaa| narendra jaina saciva prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.)

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svakathya jaina tattvamImAMsA para vaise to Aja taka aneka kRtiyA~ prakAzita huI hai| phira bhI yugIna paristhitiyoM tulanAtmaka aitihAsika gaveSaNA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara isa kRti kA praNayana kiyA gayA hai| isa sampUrNa prayAsa meM merA apanA kucha bhI nahIM hai| sabhI kucha paM. dalasukhabhaI Adi gurujanoM kA diyA huA hai| isameM maiM apanI maulikatA kA kyA karU~? phira isa grantha meM maiMne vibhinna avadhAraNAoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa krama ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jainadarzana ke anya granthoM meM prAyaH isa dRSTi kA utanI gambhIratA se nirvAha nahIM huA hai yahI isa kRti kI vishesstaahai| yadatra sauSThavaM kizcid gurudeva me nhi| yada trAsoSThavaM kizcit tanmamaiva te nahi // - sAgaramala jaina

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-149 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-1 vibhAga 2 jaina tattvamImAMsA kisI bhI darzana ke tIna pakSa hote haiM- jaise ki 1. jJAna-mImAMsA 2. tattva-mImAMsA aura 3. AcAra-mImAMsA / ina tInoM meM bhI tattva-mImAMsA pramukha hotI hai| jJAnamImAMsA evaM AcAramImAMsA bhI usakI tattvamImAMsA para AdhArita hotI hai| jaina-darzana bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki usane apanI tattva-mImAMsA ko AcAramImAMsA ke yogya banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne sat ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue, use parivartanazIla aura aparivartanazIla athavA nitya aura anitya- donoM hI mAnA hai, tAki AcAra yA sAdhanA kI upayogitA siddha ho ske| isa pustaka meM hamane jaina-tattvamImAMsA kI carcA kI hai| isake mukhya bindu nimna haiM- 1. sat kA svarUpa 2. paMcaastikAya kI avadhAraNA 3. SaTadravyoM kI avadhAraNA kI carcA kI hai| isake pazcAt dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA svarUpa aura unake saha-sambandha kI carcA bhI isameM kI gaI hai, phira SadravyoM kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| anta meM, nava tattvoM kI avadhAraNA kA vivecana kiyA hai, phira Asrava, baMdha, puNya, pApa, saMvara, nirjarA evaM mokSatattva kI carcA hai| isameM hamane yaha bhI batAyA hai ki jainadarzana ke AtmavAda kA anya darzanoM ke AtmavAda se kyA vaiziSTya hai| kintu, sAdhanA kI dRSTi se jIva aura pudgala kA sambandha kaise banatA hai aura use kaise alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai, yaha samajhanA ati Avazyaka hotA hai, ataH isa tattvamImAMsA khaNDa ke anta meM nava yA sAta tattvoM kI carcA hI kI gaI hai| jJAtavya hai ki puNya-tattva aura pApa-tattva ko Azrava tattva ke antargata mAnakara kucha AcAryoM ne sAta tattvoM kI bhI carcA kI hai, kintu hamane puNya aura pApatattva kI svataMtra carcA kI hai| ataH, hamane Azrava, puNya, pApa, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa-tattvoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| inameM puNya, pApa aura baMdha-tattva kI carcA jaina- karmasiddhAnta ke antargata kI gaI hai| mokSamArga kI carcA Age AcAramImAMsA khaNDa meM kI jaavegii| .

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-150 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-2 jaina-tattvamImAMsA kA aitihAsika-vikAsakrama -- jaina dharma mUlataH AcAra pradhAna hai, ataH usameM tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNAoM kA vikAsa bhI AcAramImAMsA ke pariprekSya meM hI huA hai| usakI tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNAoM meM mukhyataH paMcAstikAya, SaTadravya, SaTjIvanikAya aura nava yA sapta tattvoM kI avadhAraNA pramukha hai| paramparA kI dRSTi se to ye sabhI avadhAraNAeM apane pUrNa rUpa meM sarvajJa-praNIta aura sArvakAlika mAnI gayI haiM, kintu sAhityika-sAkSyoM kI dRSTi se vidvAnoM ne inakA vikAsa kAlakrama meM mAnA hai| kAlakrama meM nirmita granthoM ke AdhAra para hamane bhI inakI vikAsayAtrA ko citrita kiyA hai| jainadarzana kI tattvamImAMsIya avadhAraNAoM meM paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA prAcInatama hai, ataH sarvaprathama usakI carcA kareMge / (i) astikAya kI avadhAraNA : vizva ke mUlabhUta ghaTakoM ke rUpa meM paMcAstikAyoM kI avadhAraNA jainadarzana kI apanI maulika vicAraNA hai| paMcAstikAyoM kA ullekha AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga meM anupalabdha hai, kintu RSibhASita (I.pU.caturtha zatI) ke pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM pArzva kI mAnyatAoM ke rUpa meM paMcAstikAyoM kA varNana hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki yaha avadhAraNA kama-se-kama pArzvakAlIna (I.pU.AThavIM zatI) to hai hii| mahAvIra kI paramparA meM bhagavatIsUtra meM sarvaprathama hameM isakA ullekha milatA hai| jainadarzana meM astikAya kA tAtparya vistArayukta astittvavAn dravya se hai| ye pAMca astikAya nimna haiM- ina paMcAstikAyoM meM dharma, adharma aura AkAza ko eka-eka dravya aura jIva tathA pudgala ko aneka dravya rUpa mAnA gayA hai| IsavI san kI tIsarI zatI ke pazcAt se Aja taka isa avadhAraNA meM koI vizeSa parivartana nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| mAtra SadravyoM kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha kAla ko anastikAya-dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| IsavI san kI tIsarI-cauthI zatI taka, arthAt tattvArthasUtra kI racanA ke pUrva yaha vivAda prArambha ho gayA thA ki kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnA jAya yA nhiiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke kAla taka arthAt IsA kI

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-151 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-3 sAtavIM zatI taka kAla ko svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda thaa| kucha jaina-dArzanika kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnate the aura kucha use svatantra dravya nahIM mAnakara jIva evaM pudagala kI paryAyarUpa hI mAnate the, kintu bAda meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara- donoM paramparAoM meM astikAya aura dravya kI avadhAraNAoM kA samanvaya karate hue kAla ko anastikAya dravya ke rUpa meM svatantra dravya svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| isa prakAra, paMcAstikAya meM kAla ko jor3ane para jainadarzana meM Sadravya kI avadhAraNA vikasita huii| astikAya kI avadhAraNA jainoM kI maulika avadhAraNA hai| kisI anya darzana meM isakI upasthiti ke saMketa nahIM milte| merI dRSTi meM prAcIna kAla meM astikAya kA tAtparya mAtra astitva rakhane vAlI sattA thA, kintu Age calakara jaba astikAya aura anastikAya- aise do prakAra ke dravya mAne gaye, to astikAya kA tAtparya AkAza meM vistArayukta dravya se mAnA gyaa| pAramparika bhASA meM astikAya ko bahu-pradezI dravya bhI kahA gayA hai, jisakA tAtparya yahI hai ki jo dravya AkAza-kSetra meM vistArita hai, vahI 'astikAya' hai| paMcAstikAya - jaisA ki jainadarzana meM vartamAna kAla meM jo Sadravya kI avadhAraNA hai, usakA vikAsa isI paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA se hI huA hai| paMcAstikAyoM meM kAla ko jor3akara lagabhaga IsA kI prathama dvitIya zatI meM SadravyoM kI avadhAraNA nirmita huI hai| jahA~ taka paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA kA prazna hai, vaha nizcita hI prAcIna hai, kyoMki usakA .prAcInatama ullekha hameM 'isibhAsiyAI' ke pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM milatA hai| RSibhASita kI prAcInatA nirvivAda hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI ke isa kathana meM ki 'paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA paravartI kAla meM banI hai- itanA hI satyAMza hai ki mahAvIra kI paramparA meM AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke racanAkAraka taka isa avadhAraNA kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kyoMki mUla meM yaha avadhAraNA pArkhApatyoM kI thii| jaba pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM ... ko mahAvIra ke saMgha meM samAhita kara liyA gayA, to usake sAtha hI pArzva

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-152 . jaina- tattvamImAMsA-4. kI aneka mAnyatAe~ bhI mahAvIra kI paramparA meM svIkRta kI gyiiN| isI krama meM yaha avadhAraNA mahAvIra kI paramparA meM spaSTa rUpa se mAnya huii| bhagavatIsUtra meM sarvaprathama yaha kahA gayA ki yaha loka dharma, adharma, AkAza, ajIva aura pudagala-rUpa hai| RrSibhASita meM to, mAtra pA~ca astikAya haiMitanA hI nirdeza hai, unake nAmoM kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| cAhe RSibhASita ke kAla meM paMcAstikAyoM ke nAma nirdhArita ho bhI cuke hoM, kintu phira bhI unake svarUpa ke viSaya meM vahA~ koI bhI sUcanA nahIM miltii| dharma, adharma Adi kA jo artha Aja hai, vaha kAlakrama meM vikasita huA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM hI hameM aise do saMdarbha milate haiM, jinase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prAcInakAla meM dharma-astikAya aura adharma-astikAya kA artha gati aura sthiti meM sahAyaka dravya nahIM thaa| bhagavatIsUtra ke hI bIsaveM zataka meM dharmAstikAya ke jo paryAyavAcI diye gaye haiM, unameM aThAraha pApasthAnoM se virati, pA~ca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM ke pAlana ko hI dharmAstikAya kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra, prAcInakAla meM aThAraha pApasthAnoM ke sevana tathA pA~ca samitiyoM aura tIna guptiyoM ke paripAlana nahIM karane ko hI adharmAstikAya kahA jAtA thaa| isI prakAra, bhagavatIsUtra ke solahaveM zataka meM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA ki lokAnta meM khar3A hokara koI deva aloka meM apanA hAtha hilA sakatA hai yA nahIM? isakA na kevala nakArAtmaka uttara diyA gayA, apitu yaha bhI kahA gayA ki gati kI sambhAvanA jIva aura pudgala meM hai aura aloka meM jIva aura pudgala kA abhAva hone se aisA saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi usa samaya dharmAstikAya ko gati kA mAdhyama mAnA gayA hotA, to pudagala kA abhAva hone para vaha aisA nahIM kara sakatA, isa prakAra kA uttara nahIM diyA jAtA, apitu yahA~ dharmAstikAya kA abhAva hI batAyA jaataa| dharmAstikAya gati meM sahAyaka dravya hai aura adharmAstikAya sthiti meM sahAyaka dravya haiyaha avadhAraNA eka paravartI ghaTanA hai, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke racanAkAla taka arthAt IsA kI tRtIya zatAbdI ke uttarArddha aura caturtha zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM yaha avadhAraNA astitva meM A gaI thii| bhagavatI Adi meM jo pUrva saMdarbha nirdiSTa kie gae haiM, unase yaha spaSTa hai ki prAcInakAla arthAt I.pU. tIsarI-cauthI zatI taka dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya kA artha dharma aura adharma kI hI avadhAraNAe~ thiiN|

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kA prazna hai, AcArAMga meM davA dravya) mA jaina dharma evaM darzana-153 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-5 (ii) Sadravya kI avadhAraNA vizva ke mUlabhUta ghaTaka ko hI sat yA dravya kahA jAtA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya-paramparA meM jise sat kahA jAtA thA, vahI Age calakara nyAyavaizeSikadarzana ke prabhAva se dravya ke rUpa meM mAnA gyaa| jinhoMne vizva ke mUlaghaTaka ko eka, advaya aura aparivartanazIla mAnA, unhoMne sat zabda kA hI adhika prayoga kiyA, parantu jinhoMne use aneka va parivartanazIla mAnA, unhoMne sat ke sthAna para dravya zabda kA prayoga kiyaa| bhAratIya-cintana meM vedAnta meM sat zabda prayoga huA, jabaki darzana svatantra dhArAoM, yathAnyAya, vaizeSika Adi meM dravya aura padArtha zabda adhika pracalana meM rahA, kyoMki dravya zabda hI parivartanazIlatA kA sUcaka hai| jahA~ taka jainadarzana kA prazna hai, AcArAMga meM davI (dravya) zabda kA prayoga to upalabdha hotA hai, kintu apane pAribhASika artha meM nahIM, apitu dravita ke artha meM hai| (jainadarzana kA AdikAla, pR. 21) .. 'dravya' zabda kA prayoga prAcIna stara ke AgamoM meM sarvaprathama uttarAdhyayana meM milatA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke 28 veM adhyayana, jisameM dravya kA vivecana hai, apekSAkRta paravartI mAnA jAtA hai| vahA~ na kevala 'dravya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, apitu dravya, guNa aura paryAya ke pArasparika saMbaMdha ko bhI spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| usameM dravya ko guNoM kA Azrayasthala mAnA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM uttarAdhyayana kI dravya kI yaha paribhASA nyAya-vaizeSika darzana se prabhAvita lagatI hai| pUjyapAda devanandI ne pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM apanI tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka TIkA meM guNoM ke samudAya ko bhI dravya kahA hai| isameM dravya aura guNa kI abhinnatA para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| pUjyapAdakRta sarvArthasiddhi meM uddhRta yaha cintana bauddhoM ke paMca skandhavAda se prabhAvita hai| yadyapi yaha avadhAraNA pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi meM hI sarvaprathama milatI hai, kintu unhoMne 'guNAnAM samUho davvo'- isa vAkyAMza ko udadhRta kiyA hai, ataH yaha avadhAraNA pA~cavIM zatI se pUrva kI hai| dravya kI paribhASA ke sambandha meM 'dravya guNoM kA AzrayasthAna hai' aura 'dravya guNoM kA samUha hai'- ye donoM hI avadhAraNAe~ merI dRSTi meM tIsarI zatI se pUrva kI haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM jainoM kI

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-154 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-6 anaikAntikadRSTi se kI gayI prathama paribhASA hameM IsA kI caturtha zatI ke prArambha meM tattvArthasUtra meM milatI hai, jahA~ dravya ko guNa aura paryAyayukta kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra, dravya kI paribhASA ke saMdarbha meM anaikAntikadRSTi kA prayoga sarvaprathama tattvArthasUtra meM milatA hai| Sadravya ... yaha to hama spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki SadravyoM kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA se hI huA hai| lagabhaga 'IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI meM hI paMcAstikAyoM ke sAtha kAla ko bhI svataMtra dravya mAnakara SadravyoM kI avadhAraNA nirmita huI thii| yadyapi kAla svatantra dravya hai yA nahIM? isa prazna para, lagabhaga IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se lekara sAtavIM zatAbdI taka, yaha vivAda calatA rahA hai, jisake saMketa hameM . tattvArthasUtra ke bhASyamAnya pATha se lekara vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI racanA taka aneka graMthoM meM milate haiM, kintu aisA lagatA hai ki sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt yaha vivAda samApta ho gayA aura zvetAmbara aura digambara- donoM paramparAoM meM SadravyoM kI mAnyatA pUrNataH sthira ho gaI, usake pazcAt usameM kahIM koI parivartana nahIM huaa| ye Sadravya nimna haiM- dharma, adharma, AkAza, jIva, pudgala aura kaal| Age calakara ina SadravyoM kA vargIkaraNa astikAya-anastikAya, cetana-acetana athavA mUrta-amUrta ke rUpa meM kiyA jAne lgaa| astikAya aura anastikAya-dravyoM kI apekSA se dharma-adharma, AkAza, jIva aura pudgala- ina pA~ca ko astikAya aura kAla ko anastikAya-dravya mAnA gyaa| cetana-acetana dravyoM kI apekSA se dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura kAla-ina pA~ca ko acetana dravya aura jIva ko cetana-dravya mAnA gayA hai| mUrta aura amUrta dravyoM kI apekSA se jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla-ina pA~ca ko amUrta dravya aura pudgala ko mUrta dravya mAnA gayA hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM kaha cuke haiM ki vidvAnoM ne yaha mAnA hai ki jaina-darzana meM dravya kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa nyAya-vaizeSika darzana se prabhAvita hai| jainAcAryoM ne vaizeSika-darzana kI dravya.kI avadhAraNA ko apanI paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA se samanvita kiyA hai, ataH jahA~

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-155 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-7 vaizeSika darzana meM nau dravya mAne gae the, vahA~ jainoM ne paMcAstikAya ke sAtha kAla ko jor3akara mAtra cha: dravya hI svIkAra kie| inameM se bhI jIva (AtmA) AkAza aura kAla-ye tIna dravya donoM hI paramparAoM meM svIkRta rhe| paMcamahAbhUtoM, jinheM vaizeSika-darzana meM dravya mAnA gayA hai, meM AkAza ko chor3akara zeSa pRthvI, apa (jala), teja (agni) aura maruta (vAyu)- ina cAra dravyoM ko jainoM ne svataMtra dravya na mAnakara ajIva-dravya ke hI bheda mAnA hai| dika aura mana- ina do dravyoM ko jainoM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA, inake sthAna para unhoMne pA~ca astikAyoM meM se dharma, adharma aura pudgalaaise anya tIna dravya nizcita kie| jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ anya paramparAoM meM pRthvI, ap, vAyu aura agni- ina cAroM ko jar3a mAnA gayA, vahA~ jainoM ne inheM cetana mAnA hai, yadyapi isa sambandha meM merA dRSTikoNa thor3A bhinna hai / merA mAnanA hai ki ye cAroM jaba taka kisI jIva ke kAya (zarIra) rUpa meM haiM, taba taka ve sajIva hote haiN| isa prakAra, jaina-darzana kI Sadravya kI avadhAraNA apane-Apa meM maulika hai| anya darzana paramparA se usakA AMzika sAmya hI dekhA jAtA hai| isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki unhoMne isa avadhAraNA kA vikAsa apanI maulika paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA se kiyA hai| (iii) navatattva kI avadhAraNA ____ paMcAstikAya aura SaTjIvanikAya kI avadhAraNA ke samAna hI navatattvoM kI avadhAraNA bhI jaina paramparA kI apanI maulika evaM prAcInatama avadhAraNA hai| isa avadhAraNA ke mUla bIja AcArAMga jaise prAcInatama Agama meM bhI milate haiN| usameM sukRta, duSkRta, kalyANa, pApa, sAdhu, asAdhu, siddhi (mokSa), asiddhi (baMdhana) Adi ke astitva ko mAnane vAlI aikAntika vicAradhArAoM ke ullekha haiM (1/7/1/2000) / isa ullekha meM Asrava-saMvara, puNya-pApa tathA baMdhana-mukti ke nirdeza haiN| vaise, AcArAMgasUtra meM jIva-ajIva, puNya-pApa, Asrava-saMvara, baMdha, nirjarA aura mokSa- aise navoM tattvoM ke ullekha prakIrNa rUpa se to milate haiM, kintu eka sAtha ye nau tattva haiM-aisA ullekha nahIM hai| ..sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI asti aura nAsti kI koTiyoM kI carcA huI hai|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-156 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-8 usameM jinheM asti kahanA cAhie, unakA nirdeza bhI hai| usake anusAra, jina tattvoM ko asti kahanA cAhie, ve nimna haiM- loka, aloka, jIva, ajIva, dharma, adharma, bandha, mokSa, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, vedanA, nirjarA, kriyA, akriyA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, prema, dveSa, caturaMta saMsAra, deva, devI, siddhi, asiddhi, siddhanijasthAna, sAdhu, asAdhu, kalyANa aura paap| . isa vistRta sUcI kA nirdeza sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke dvitIya adhyayana meM huA hai, jahA~ jIva-ajIva, puNya-pApa, Asrava-saMvara, vedanA-nirjarA, kriyA-adhikaraNa, baMdha aura mokSa kA ullekha hai| paM. . dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA mAnanA hai ki inameM se vedanA, kriyA aura adhikaraNa ko nikAlakara hI Age nau tattvoM kI avadhAraNA banI hogI, jisakA nirdeza hameM samavAyAMga (9) aura uttarAdhyayana (27/14) meM milatA hai| unhIM nau tattvoM meM se Age calakara IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI meM . umAsvAti ne puNya aura pApa ko Asrava ke antargata vargIkRta karake sAta tattvoM kI avadhAraNA prastuta kii| ina sAta athavA nau tattvoM kI carcA hameM paravartI sabhI zvetAmbara aura digambara AcAryoM ke granthoM meM milatI hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jainoM meM sAta tattvoM kI avadhAraNA bhI paMca-astikAya kI avadhAraNA se hI eka kAlakrama meM vikasita hokara lagabhaga IsA kI tIsarI-caturtha zatI meM astitva meM AyI hai| sAtavIM se dasavIM zatAbdI ke madhya jo mukhya kAma ina avadhAraNAoM ke saMdarbha meM huA, vaha yaha ki unheM samyak prakAra se vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA aura unake bheda-prabheda kI vistRta carcA kI gyii| SaTjIvanikAya kI avadhAraNA paMcAstikAya ke sAtha-sAtha SaTjIvanikAya kI carcA bhI jaina-graMthoM meM upalabdha hai| jJAtavya hai ki paMcAstikAya meM jIvAstikAya ke vibhAga ke rUpa meM SaTjIvanikAya kI yaha avadhAraNA vikasita huI hai| SaTjIvanikAya nimna haiM- pRthvIkAya, apakAya, vAyukAya, tejaskAya, vanaspatikAya aura trskaay| pRthvI Adi ke lie 'kAya' zabda kA prayoga prAcIna hai| dIrghanikAya meM ajitakezakambalin ke mata ko prastuta karate hue- pRthvIkAya, apakAya, tejaskAya aura vAyukAya kA ullekha huA hai| usI graMtha meM

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-157 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-9 pakudhakaccAyana ke mata ke saMdarbha meM pRthvI, apa, tejas, vAyu, sukha, duHkha aura jIva- ina sAta kAryoM kI carcA hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki pRthvI, apa Adi ke liye kAya saMjJA anya zramaNa- paramparAoM meM pracalita thii| yadyapi kAya kauna-kaunase aura kitane haiM- isa prazna ko lekara unameM paraspara matabheda the| ajitakezakambalin pRthvI, apa, tejas aura vAyu- ina cAra mahAbhUtoM ko kAya kahatA thA, to pakudhakaccAyana ina cAra ke sAtha sukha, duHkha aura jIva- ina tIna ko sammilita kara sAta kAya mAnate the| jainoM kI sthiti inase bhinna thI, ve jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudgala- ina pA~ca ko kAya mAnate the, kintu itanA nizcita hai ki unameM paMca astikAya aura SaTjIvanikAya kI avadhAraNA lagabhaga I.pU. chaThavIM pAMcavIM zatI meM astitva meM thI, kyoMki AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM ina SaTjIvanikAyoM kA aura RSibhASita ke pArzva adhyayana meM paMca astikAyoM kA spaSTa ullekha hai| ina sabhI graMthoM ko sabhI vidvAnoM ne I.pU. pAMcavIM-cauthI zatI kA aura pAlitripiTaka ke prAcIna aMzoM kA samakAlika mAnA hai| ho sakatA hai ki ye avadhAraNAeM kramazaH pArzva aura mahAvIrakAlIna hoN| jJAtavya hai ki paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA mUlataH pArzva kI paramparA kI rahI hai, jise loka kI vyAkhyA ke prasaMga meM mahAvIra kI paramparA meM bhI mAnya kara liyA gayA thaa| loka ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA ke saMdarbha meM mahAvIra ne pArzva kI avadhAraNAoM ko svIkAra kiyA thAaisA. ullekha bhagavatIsUtra meM hai, ataH isI krama meM unhoMne pArzva kI paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA ko bhI mAnyatA dI hogii| yahA~ hamArA vivecya SaTjIvanikAya kI avadhAraNA hai, jo nizcita rUpa se mahAvIrakAlIna to hai hI aura usake bhI pUrva kI ho sakatI hai, kyoMki isakI carcA AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana meM hai| yaha to nizcita satya hai ki na kevala vanaspati aura anya jIva-jantu sajIva haiM, apitu pRthvI, apa, teja aura vAyu bhI sajIva haiM, yaha avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se jainoM kI rahI hai| sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika Adi prAcIna darzana dhArAoM meM inheM paMcamahAbhUtoM ke rUpa meM jar3a hI mAnA gayA thA, jabaki jainoM meM inheM ceta ./sajIva mAnane kI paramparA rahI hai| paMcamahAbhUtoM meM mAtra AkAza ha

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-158 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -10 aisA hai, jise jaina- paramparA bhI anya darzana paramparAoM ke samAna ajIva (jar3a) mAnatI hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki AkAza kI gaNanA paMcAstikAya meM to kI gaI, kintu SaTjIvanikAya meM nahIM, jabaki pRthvI, apa, teja aura vAyu ko SaTjIvanikAya ke antargata mAnA gyaa| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jaina-paramparA ne; pRthvI, jala Adi ke Azrita jIva rahate haiM- itanA hI na . mAnakara yaha bhI mAnA ki ye svayaM jIva haiM, ataH jaina dharma kI sAdhanA meM aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina muni-AcAra meM inakI hiMsA se bacane ke nirdeza diye gaye haiN| jaina-AcAra meM ahiMsA ke paripAlana meM jo sUkSmatA aura ativAditA AyI hai, usakA mUla kAraNa yaha SaTjIvanikAya kI avadhAraNA hai| yaha svAbhAvika thA ki jaba pRthvI, pAnI, vAyu Adi ko sajIva mAna liyA gayA, to ahiMsA ke paripAlana ke liye inakI hiMsA se bacanA Avazyaka ho gyaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki SaTjIvanikAya kI avadhAraNA jaina-darzana kI prAcInatama avadhAraNA hai| prAcIna kAla se lekara yaha Aja taka yathAvat rUpa se mAnya hai| tIsarI zatAbdI se IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke madhya isa avadhAraNA meM vargIkaraNa saMbaMdhI kucha mahatvapUrNa muddoM ko chor3akara anya koI maulika parivartana huA ho- aisA kahanA kaThina hai| itanA spaSTa hai ki AcArAMga ke bAda sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kI jIva saMbaMdhI avadhAraNA meM kucha vikAsa avazya huA hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke anusAra, jIvoM kI utpatti kisa-kisa yoni meM hotI hai tathA jaba ve eka zarIra ko chor3akara dUsarA zarIra grahaNa karate haiM, to apane janma-sthAna meM kisa prakAra AhAra grahaNa karate haiM, isakA vivaraNa sUtrakRtAMga AhAraparijJA nAmaka dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM hai| yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki usameM jIvoM ke eka prakAra ko 'anusyUta' kahA gayA hai| saMbhavataH, isI se Age jainoM meM anantakAya aura pratyeka vanaspati kI avadhAraNAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| do, tIna aura cAra indriya vAle jIvoM meM kisa varga meM kaunase jIva haiM, yaha bhI paravartI kAla meM hI nizcita huA, phira bhI bhagavatI, jIvAjIvAbhigama, prajJApanA ke kAla taka, arthAt I. kI tIsarI zatAbdI taka yaha avadhAraNA vikasita ho cukI thI, kyoMki prajJApanA meM indriya, AhAra aura paryApti A

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-159 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -11 da ke saMdarbha meM vistRta vicAra hone lagA thaa| IsavI san kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke bAda SaTjIvanikAya meM trasa sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa ko lekara eka mahatvapUrNa parivartana aayaa| AcArAMga se lekara tattvArthasUtra ke kAla taka pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati ko sthAvara mAnA gayA thA, jabaki agni, vAyu aura dvIndriya Adi jIvoM ko trasa kahA jAtA thaa| uttarAdhyayana kA antima aE yAya, kundakunda kA paMcAstikAya aura umAsvAti kA tattvArthasUtra spaSTa rUpa se pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati ko sthAvara aura agni, vAyu aura dvIndriya Adi ko trasa mAnatA hai| dvIndriya Adi ko trasa mAnane kI paramparA to thI hI, ataH Age calakara sabhI ekendriya jIvoM ko sthAvara mAnane kI paramparA kA vikAsa huA, yadyapi kaThinAI yaha thI ki agni aura vAyu meM spaSTataH gatizIlatA dekhe jAne para unheM sthAvara kaise mAnA jAya? prAcIna AgamoM meM jahA~ pA~ca ekendriya jIvoM ke sAtha-sAtha trasa kA ullekha hai, vahAM use trasa aura sthAvara kA vargIkaraNa nahIM mAnanA cAhiye, anyathA eka hI Agama meM antarvirodha mAnanA par3egA, jo samucita nahIM hai| isa samasyA kA mUla kAraNa yaha thA ki dvIndriya Adi jIvoM ko trasa nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA thA, ataH yaha mAnA gayA ki dvIndriya se bhinna sabhI ekendriya sthAvara haiN| isa carcA ke AdhAra para itanA to mAnanA hogA ki lagabhaga chaThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt hI trasa aura sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa kI dhAraNA meM parivartana huA tathA Age calakara zvetAmbara aura digambara- donoM paramparAoM meM paMca sthAvara kI avadhAraNA dRr3hIbhUta ho gyii| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jaba vAyu aura agni ko trasa mAnA jAtA thA, taba dvIndriyAdi trasoM ke lie udAra (urAla) trasa zabda kA prayoga hotA thaa| pahale gatizIlatA kI apekSA se trasa aura sthAvara kA vargIkaraNa hotA thA aura usameM vAyu aura agni meM gatizIlatA mAnakara unheM trasa mAnA jAtA thaa| vAyu kI gatizIlatA spaSTa thI, ataH sarvaprathama use trasa kahA gyaa| bAda meM sUkSma avalokana se jJAta huA ki agni bhI IMdhana ke sahAre dhIre-dhIre gati karatI huI phailatI jAtI hai, ataH use bhI trasa kahA gyaa| jala kI gati kevala bhUmi ke DhalAna ke kAraNa hotI hai, svataH nahIM, ataH use pRthvI evaM vanaspati ke samAna sthAvara hI mAnA gayA, kintu vAyu aura agni meM svataH

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-160 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -12 gati hone se unheM trasa mAnA gyaa| punaH, jaba Age calakara dvIndriya Adi ko hI trasa aura sabhI ekendriya jIvoM ko sthAvara mAna liyA gayA, to pUrva Agamika vacanoM se saMgati baiThAne kA prazna AyA, ataH zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha mAnA gayA ki labdhi kI apekSA se to vAyu evaM agni sthAvara haiM, kintu gati kI apekSA se unheM trasa kahA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM vilA TIkA (10 vIM zatI) meM isakA samAdhAna yaha kahakara kiyA gayA ki vAyu evaM agni ko sthAvara kahe jAne kA AdhAra unakI gatizIlatA na hokara sthAvara- nAmakarma kA udaya hai| digambara-paramparA meM hI kundakuda ke paMcAstikAya ke TIkAkAra jayasenAcArya ne yaha samanvaya nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM- pRthvI, apa aura vanaspatiye tIna sthAvara- nAmakarma ke udaya se sthAvara kahe jAte haiM, kintu vAyu aura agni paMca sthAvara meM vargIkRta kiye jAte hue bhI calana-kriyA dikhAI dene se vyavahAra se trasa kahe jAte haiN| vastutaH, yaha.saba prAcIna aura paravartI granthoM meM jo mAnyatAbheda A gayA thA, usase saMgati baiThAne kA eka prayatna thaa| jahA~ taka jIvoM ke vividha vargIkaraNoM kA prazna hai, nizcaya hI ye saba vargIkaraNa IsavI san kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI se lekara dasavIM zatI taka kI kAlAvadhi meM sthira hue haiN| isa kAla meM jIvasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna, guNasthAna Adi avadhAraNAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| bhagavatI jaise aMga-AgamoM meM jahA~ ina viSayoM kI carcA hai, vahA~ prajJApanA Adi aMgabAhya graMthoM kA nirdeza huA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki ye vicAraNAe~ IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatI ke bAda hI vikasita huiiN| aisA lagatA hai ki prathama aMgabAhyaAgamoM meM unakA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai aura phira mAthurI evaM vallabhIvAcanAoM ke samaya unheM aMga-AgamoM meM samAviSTa kara inakI vistRta vivecanA ko dekhane ke lie tadatad granthoM kA nirdeza kara diyA gyaa| isa prakAra, jaina sAhityika- sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jaina-tattvamImAMsA kA kAlakrama meM vikAsa huA hai| yadyapi para parAgata mAnyatA jaina-darzana ko sarvajJa praNIta mAnane ke kAraNa isa aitihAsika kAsakrama ko asvIkAra karatI hai|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-161 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-13 jainadarzana meM sat kA svarUpa _ jaina Agama sAhitya meM varNita viSaya-vastu ko mukhya rUpa se jina cAra * vibhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai, ve anuyoga kahe jAte haiN| anuyoga cAra haiM- (1) dravyAnuyoga, (2) gaNitAnuyoga, (3) caraNakaraNAnuyoga aura (4) dhrmkthaanuyog| ina cAra anuyogoM meM se jisa anuyoga ke antargata vizva ke mUlabhUta ghaTakoM ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM vivecana kiyA jAtA hai, use dravyAnuyoga kahate haiN| khagola-bhUgola sambandhI gaNitAnuyoga ke antargata aura AcAra-sambandhI vidhi-niSedhoM kA vivecana caraNakaraNAnuyoga ke aMtargata hotA hai aura dharma evaM naitikatA meM AsthA ko dRr3ha karane hetu sadAcArI, satpuruSoM ke jo AkhyAnaka (kathAnaka) prastuta kiye jAte haiM, ve dharmakathAnuyoga ke antargata Ate haiN| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki ina cAra anuyogoM meM bhI dravyAnuyoga kA sambandha tAttvika yA dArzanika-cintana se hai| jahA~ taka hamAre dArzanika-cintana kA prazna hai, Aja hama use tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karate haiM- 1. tattva-mImAMsA, 2. jJAnamImAMsA aura 3. AcAra-mImAMsA / ina tInoM meM se tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAnamImAMsA- donoM hI dravyAnuyoga ke antargata Ate haiN| inameM bhI jahA~ taka tattvamImAMsA kA sambandha hai, usake pramukha kArya jagat ke mUlabhUta ghaTakoM upAdAnoM yA padArthoM aura unake kAryoM kI vivecanA karanA hai| tattvamImAMsA kA Arambha tabhI huA hogA, jaba mAnava meM jagat ke svarUpa aura usake mUlabhUta upAdAnoM yA ghaTakoM ko jAnane kI jijJAsA prasphuTita huI hogI tathA usane apane aura apane pariveza ke saMdarbha meM cintana kiyA hogaa| isI cintana ke dvArA tattvamImAMsA kA prAdurbhAva huA hogaa| maiM kauna hU~', 'kahA~ se AyA hU~ 'yaha jagat kyA hai, jisase yaha nirmita huA hai, ve mUlabhUta upAdAna kyA haiM, 'yaha kina niyamoM se niyaMtrita evaM saMcAlita hotA hai- inhIM praznoM ke samAdhAna hetu hI vibhinna darzanoM kA aura unakI tattva-viSayaka gaveSaNAoM kA janma huaa| jaina-paramparA meM bhI usake prathama evaM prAcInatama Agama-graMtha AcArAMga kA prArambha bhI isI - cintanA se hotA hai ki 'maiM kauna hU~, kahA~ se AyA hU~, isa zarIra kA parityAga

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-162 .. jaina-tattvamImAMsA-14 karane para kahA~ jaauuNgaa|' vastutaH, ye hI aise prazna haiM, jinase dArzanika-cintana kA vikAsa hotA hai aura tattvamImAMsA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| ___ tattvamImAMsA vastutaH vizva-vyAkhyA kA eka prayAsa hai| isameM jagat ke mUlabhUta upAdAnoM tathA unake kAryoM kA vivecana vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se kiyA jAtA hai| vizva ke mUlabhUta ghaTaka, jo apane astitva ke liye kisI anya ghaTaka para Azrita nahIM haiM tathA jo kabhI bhI apane sva-svarUpa kA parityAga nahIM karate haiM, ve sat yA dravya kahalAte haiN| vizva ke tAttvika AdhAra yA mUlabhUta upAdAna hI sat yA dravya kahe jAte haiM aura jo ina dravyoM kA vivecana karatA hai, vahI dravyAnuyoga hai| vizva ke sandarbha meM jainoM kA dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki yaha vizva akRtrima hai ('logo akiTimo khalu'-mUlAcAra, gaathaa-7/2)| isa loka kA koI nirmAtA yA sRSTikartA nahIM hai| arddha-mAgadhI Agama-sAhitya meM bhI loka ko zAzvata batAyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki yaha loka anAdikAla se hai aura rhegaa| RSibhASita ke anusAra, loka kI zAzvatatA ke isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne kiyA thaa| ge calakara bhavagatIsUtra meM mahAvIra ne bhI isI siddhAnta kA anumodana kiyaa| jaina-darzana loka kA koI racayitA evaM niyAmaka nahIM hai, vaha svAbhAvika hai aura anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai, kintu jainAgamoM meM loka ke zAzvata kahane kA tAtparya kathamapi yaha nahIM hai ki usameM koI parivartana nahIM hotA hai| vizva ke sandarbha meM jaina-cintaka jisa nityatA ko svIkAra karate haiM, vaha nityatA kUTastha-nityatA nahIM, pariNAmI-nityatA hai, arthAt ve vizva ko parivartanazIla mAnakara bhI mAtra pravAha yA prakriyA kI apekSA se nitya yA zAzvata kahate haiN| __ bhagavatIsUtra meM loka ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue loka ko paMcAstikAyarUpa kahA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM isa vizva ke mUlabhUta upAdAna pA~ca astikAya dravya haiM- 1. jIva (cetana tattva), 2. pudgala (bhautika tattva), 3. dharma (gati kA niyAmaka tattva), 4. adharma (sthiti-niyAmaka tattva) aura 5. AkAza (sthAna yA avakAza dene vAlA tttv)| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ kAla ko svatantra tattva nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-163 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-15 paravartI jaina vicArakoM ne kAla ko bhI vizva ke parivartana ke maulika kAraNa ke rUpa meM yA vizva meM hone vAle parivartanoM ke niyAmaka tattva ke rUpa meM svatantra dravya mAnA hai| isakI vistRta carcA Age paMcAstikAyoM aura SadravyoM ke prasaMga meM kI jaayegii| yahA~ hamArA pratipAdya to yaha hai ki jaina-dArzanika vizva ke mUlabhUta upAdAnoM ke rUpa meM paMcAstikAyoM evaM SadravyoM kI carcA karate haiN| vizva ke ina mUlabhUta upAdAnoM ko dravya athavA sat ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA jAtA hai| dravya athavA sat vaha hai, jo apane Apa meM paripUrNa, svatantra aura vizva kA maulika ghaTaka hai| jaina-paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA sat, tattva, paramArtha, dravya, svabhAva, para-apara dhyeya, zuddha aura parama-ina sabhI ko ekArthaka yA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| bRhanayacakra meM kahA gayA hai tataM taha paramaTheM davvasahAyaM taheva prmprN| dheyaM suddhaM paramaM eyaTThA huMti abhihANA || -bRhanayacakra, 411 - jainAgamoM meM vizva ke mUlabhUta ghaTaka ke lie astikAya, tattva aura dravya zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM hameM tattva aura dravya ke, sthAnAMga meM astikAya ke ullekha milate haiN| kuMdakuMda ne artha, padArtha, tattva, dravya aura astikAya-ina sabhI zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki Agamayuga meM to vizva ke mUlabhUta ghaTakoM ke lie astikAya, tattva, dravya aura padArtha zabdoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| 'sat' zabda kA prayoga Agama-yuga meM nahIM huaa| umAsvAti ne dravya ke lakSaNa ke rUpa meM 'sata' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| vaise, astikAya zabda prAcIna aura jainadarzana kA apanA viziSTa pAribhASika zabda hai| yaha apane artha kI dRSTi se sat. ke nikaTa hai, kyoMki donoM hI astitva lakSaNa ke hI saMcaka haiN| tattva, dravya aura padArtha zabda ke prayoga sAMkhya aura nyAya-vaizeSikadarzanoM meM bhI milate haiN| - tattvArthasUtra (5/29) meM umAsvAti ne bhI dravya aura sat-donoM ko abhinna batAyA hai| yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki sat, paramArtha, paramatattva aura dravya sAmAnya dRSTi se paryAyavAcI hote hue bhI vizeSa dRSTi

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-164 jaina - tattvamImAMsA -16 evaM apane vyutpattilabhya- artha kI dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna haiN| veda, upaniSad aura unase vikasita vedAnta darzana kI vibhinna dArzanika-dhArAoM meM sat zabda pramukha rahA hai| Rgveda meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki 'eka sad vitrA bahudhA vadanti' arthAt sat (parama tattva) eka hI hai- vipra (vidvAn) use aneka rUpa se kahate haiM, kintu dUsarI ora, svatantra cintana ke AdhAra para vikasita darzana-paramparAoM, vizeSa rUpa se vaizeSika-darzana meM dravya zabda pramukha rahA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vyutpattiparaka artha kI dRSTi se sat zabda astitva kA athavA prakArAntara se nityatA yA aparivartanazIlatA kA evaM dravya zabda parivartanazIlatA kA sUcaka hai| sAMkhyoM evaM naiyAyikoM ne isake lie tattva zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| yadyapi yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra ne pramANa Adi 16 tattvoM ke lie sat zabda kA prayoga bhI kiyA hai, phira bhI itanA spaSTa hai ki nyAya aura vaizeSika-darzana meM kramazaH tattva aura dravya zabda hI adhika pracalita rahe haiN| sAMkhyadarzana bhI prakRti aura puruSa- ina donoM ko tathA inase utpanna buddhi, ahaMkAra, pA~ca jJAnendriyoM, pA~ca karmendriyoM, paMca tanmAtrAoM aura paMca mahAra / ko tattva hI kahatA hai| isa prakAra, svatantra cintana ke AdhAra para vikasita ina darzana paramparAoM meM tattva, padArtha, artha aura dravya zabda paryAyavAcI rUpa meM prayukta hote haiM, kintu inameM apane tAtparya ko lekara bhinnatA bhI mAnI gayI hai| tattva zabda sabase adhika vyApaka hai, usameM padArtha aura dravya bhI samAhita haiN| nyAyadarzana meM jina tattvoM ko mAnA gayA hai, unameM dravya kA ullekha prameya ke antargata huA hai| vaizeSikasUtra meM dravya guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya- ye SaT padArtha aura prakArAntara se abhAva ko milAkara sAta padArtha kahe jAte haiN| inameM bhI dravya, guNa aura karma- ina tIna kA hI artha saMjJA hai, ataH siddha hotA hai ki artha kI vyApakatA kI dRSTi se tattva kI apekSA padArtha aura padArtha kI apekSA dravya adhika saMkucita hai| tattvoM meM padArtha kA aura padArthoM meM dravya kA samAveza hotA hai| sat zabda ko isase bhI adhika vyApaka artha meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH, jo bhI astitvavAna hai, vaha sat ke antargata A jAtA hai, ataH sat zabda, tattva, padArtha, dravya Adi zabdoM kI apekSA bhI adhika vyApaka artha kA sUcaka hai| .

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-165 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -17 uparyukta vivecana se eka niSkarSa yaha bhI nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki jo darzanadhArAeM abhedavAda kI ora agrasara huIM, unameM 'sat' zabda kI pramukhatA rahI, jabaki jo dhArAeM bhedavAda kI ora agrasara huI, unameM 'dravya' zabda kI pramukhatA rhii| ___ jahA~ taka jaina-dArzanikoM kA prazna hai, unhoMne sat aura dravya meM eka abhinnatA sUcita kI hai| tattvArthabhASya meM umAsvAti ne 'sat dravya lakSaNa kahakara donoM meM abheda sthApita kiyA hai, phira bhI hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki jahA~ 'sat' zabda eka sAmAnya sattA kA sUcaka hai, vahA~ 'dravya zabda vizeSa sattA kA sUcaka hai| jaina AgamoM ke TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne aura unake pUrva tattvArthabhASya (1/35) meM umAsvAti ne 'sarva ekaM sad vizeSAt' kahakara sat zabda se sabhI dravyoM ke sAmAnya lakSaNa astitva ko sUcita kiyA hai| ataH, yaha spaSTa hai ki sat zabda abheda yA sAmAnya kA sUcaka hai aura dravya zabda vizeSa kaa| yahaoN hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki jaina-dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM sat aura dravya zabda meM tAdAtmyasambandha hai, sattA kI apekSA ve abhinna haiM; unheM eka-dUsare se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki sat arthAt astitva ke binA dravya bhI nahIM ho sktaa| dUsarI ora, dravya (sattA-vizeSa) ke binA sat kI koI sattA hI nahIM hogii| astitva (sat) ke binA dravya aura dravya ke binA astitva nahIM ho skte| yahI kAraNa hai ki umAsvAti na sat ko dravya kA lakSaNa kahA thaa| spaSTa hai ki lakSaNa aura lakSita bhinna-bhinna nahIM hote haiN| ... vastutaH, sat aura dravya-donoM meM unake vyutpattiparaka artha kI apekSA se hI bheda hai, astitva yA sattA kI apekSA se bheda nahIM hai| hama unameM kevala vicAra kI apekSA se bheda kara sakate haiM, sattA kI apekSA se nhiiN| sat aura dravya anyonyAzrita haiM, phira bhI vaicArika stara para hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki sat hI eka aisA lakSaNa hai, jo vibhinna dravyoM meM abheda kI sthApanA karatA hai, kintu hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki sat dravya kA ekamAtra lakSaNa nahIM hai| dravya meM astitva ke atirikta anya lakSaNa bhI haiM, jo eka dravya ko dUsare se pRthak karate haiN| astitva lakSaNa kI apekSA se sabhI dravya eka haiM, kintu anya lakSaNoM kI apekSA se ve eka-dUsare se

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-166 - jaina- tattvamImAMsA-18 pRthak bhI haiM, jaise- cetanA lakSaNa jIva aura ajIva meM bheda karatA hai| sattA meM sat lakSaNa kI apekSA se abheda aura anya lakSaNoM se bheda mAnanA- yahI jainadarzana kI anaikAntika-dRSTi kI vizeSatA hai| arddha-mAgadhI Agama sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM jahA~ abheda-dRSTi ke AdhAra para jIva dravya ko eka kahA gayA hai, vahIM uttarAdhyayana meM bheda-dRSTi se jIva dravya meM bheda kiye gaye haiN| - jahA~ taka jaina-dArzanikoM kA prazna hai, ve sat aura dravya- donoM hI zabdoM ko na kevala svIkAra karate haiM, apitu unako eka-dUsare se samanvita bhI karate haiN| yahA~ hama sarvaprathama sat ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa kareMge, usake bAda dravyoM kI carcA kareMge tathA anta meM tattvoM ke svarUpa para vicAra kreNge| sat kA svarUpa jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai, jaina-dArzanikoM ne sat, tattva aura dravya- ina tInoM ko paryAyavAcI mAnA hai, kintu inake zAbdika artha kI dRSTi se ina tInoM meM antara hai| sat vaha sAmAnya lakSaNa hai, jo sabhI dravyoM aura tattvoM meM pAyA jAtA hai evaM dravyoM ke bheda meM bhI abheda ko . pradhAnatA detA hai| jahA~ taka tattva kA prazna hai, vaha bheda aura abheda-donoM ko athavA sAmAnya aura vizeSa-donoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| sat meM koI bheda nahIM kiyA jAtA, jabaki tattva meM bheda kiyA jAtA hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne tattvoM kI carcA ke prasaMga para na kevala jar3a aura cetana dravyoM arthAt jIva aura ajIva kI carcA kI hai, apitu Amrava, saMvara Adi unake pArasparika sambandhoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| tattva kI dRSTi se na kevala jIva aura ajIva meM bheda mAnA gayA, apitu jIvoM meM bhI paraspara bheda mAnA gayA, vahIM dUsarI ora, Asrava, bandha Adi ke prasaMga meM unake tAdAtmya yA abheda ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA, kintu jahA~ taka 'dravya' zabda kA prazna hai, vaha sAmAnya hote hue bhI dravyoM kI lakSaNagata vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para unameM bheda karatA hai| 'sat' zabda sAmAnyAtmaka hai, tattva zabda sAmAnya-vizeSa ubhayAtmaka hai aura dravya vizeSAtmaka hai| punaH, sat zabda sattA ke aparivartanazIla pakSa kA, dravya zabda parivartanazIla pakSa kA aura tattva zabda ubhaya-pakSa kA sUcaka hai| jainoM kI nayoM kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM kaheM,

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-167 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-19 to sat zabda saMgrahanaya kA, tattvaM naigamanaya kA aura dravya zabda vyavahAranaya kA sUcaka hai| sat abhedAtmaka hai, tattva bhedAbhedAtmaka hai aura dravya zabda bhedAtmaka hai| cUMki jainadarzana bheda, bhedAbheda aura abheda-tInoM ko svIkAra karatA hai, ata: usane apane cintana meM ina tInoM ko hI sthAna diyA hai| ina tInoM zabdoM meM hama sarvaprathama sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM vicAra kreNge| yadyapi apane vyutpattiparaka artha kI dRSTi se sat zabda sattA ke aparivartanazIla, sAmAnya evaM abhedAtmaka-pakSa kA sUcaka hai, phira bhI sat ke svarUpa ko lekara bhAratIya- dArzanikoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| koI use aparivartanazIla mAnatA hai, to koI use parivartanazIla, koI use eka kahatA hai, to koI aneka, koI use cetana mAnatA hai, to koI use jdd'| vastutaH, sat, parama tattva yA paramArtha ke svarUpa sambandhI ina vibhinna dRSTikoNoM ke mUla meM pramukha rUpa se tIna prazna rahe haiN| prathama prazna usake ekatva athavA anekatva kA hai| dUsare prazna kA sambandha usake parivartanazIla yA aparivartanazIla hone se hai| tIsare prazna kA vivecya usake cit yA acit hone se hai| jJAtavya hai ki adhikAMza bhAratIya-darzanoM ne citta-acitta, jar3a-cetana yA jIva-ajIva- donoM tattvoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai, ataH yaha prazna adhika carcita nahIM banA, phira bhI ina saba praznoM ke diye gaye uttaroM ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhAratIya-cintana meM sat ke svarUpa meM vividhatA A gyii| sat ke parivartanazIla yA aparivartanazIla pakSa kI samIkSA - sat ke parivartanazIla athavA aparivartanazIla svarUpa ke sambandha meM do ativAdI avadhAraNAe~ haiN| eka dhAraNA yaha hai ki sat nirvikAra evaM avyaya hai| trikAla meM usameM koI parivartana nahIM hotaa| ina vicArakoM kA kahanA hai ki jo parivartita hotA hai, vaha sat nahIM ho sktaa| parivartana kA artha hI hai ki pUrva avasthA kI samApti aura navIna avasthA kA grhnn| ina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki jisameM utpAda evaM vyaya kI prakriyA ho, use sat nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jo avasthAntara ko prApta ho, use sat kaise kahA jAya? isa siddhAnta ke virodha meM jo siddhAnta astitva meM AyA, vaha sat kI parivartanazIlatA kA siddhAnta hai| ina vicArakoM ke anusAra, . parivartanazIlatA yA arthakriyAkAritva kI sAmarthya hI sat kA lakSaNa hai|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-168 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-20 jo gatizIla nahIM hai, dUsare zabdoM meM, jo arthakriyAkAritva kI zakti se hIna hai, use sata nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jahA~ taka bhAratIya-dArzanikaciMtana kA prazna hai, kucha aupaniSadika-cintaka aura zaMkara kA advaita-vedAnta sat ke aparivartanazIla hone ke prathama siddhAnta ke prabala samarthaka haiN| AcArya zaMkara ke anusAra sat nirvikAra aura avyaya hai| vaha utpAda aura vyaya-donoM se rahita hai| isake viparIta, dUsarA siddhAnta bauddha-dArzanikoM kA hai| ve sabhI ekamata se svIkAra karate haiM ki sat kA lakSaNa arthakriyAkAritva hai| utpatti aura vinAza kI prakriyA se pRthak koI vastu sat nahIM ho sktii| jahA~ taka bhAratIya-cintakoM meM sAMkhya dArzanikoM kA prazna hai, unakI dRSTi meM prakRti kUTasthanitya nahIM hai, vaha parivartanazIla tattva hai| isa prakAra, sAMkhya dArzanika apane dvArA svIkRta do tattvoM meM se eka ko parivartanazIla aura dUsare ko aparivartanazIla mAnate haiN| ___ vastutaH, sat ko nirvikAra aura avyaya mAnane meM sabase bar3I bAdhA yaha hai ki usake anusAra jagat ko mithyA yA asat hI mAnanA hotA hai, kyoMki hamArI anubhUti kA jagat to parivartanazIla hai| isameM kucha bhI aisA pratIta nahIM hotA, jo parivartana se rahita ho| na kevala vyakti aura samAja, apitu bhautika padArtha bhI pratikSaNa badalate rahate haiN| sat ko nirvikAra aura avyaya mAnane kA artha hai- jagat kI anubhUtigata vividhatA ko nakAranA aura koI bhI vicAraka anubhavAtmaka- parivartanazIlatA ko nakAra nahIM sktaa| cAhe AcArya zaMkara kitane hI jora se isa bAta ko rakheM ki nirvikAra brahma hI satya hai aura parivartanazIla jagat mithyA hai, kintu Anubhavika stara para koI bhI vicAraka ise svIkAra nahIM kara skegaa| anubhUti ke stara para jo parivartanazIlatA kI anubhUti hai, use kabhI bhI nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| yadi sat trikAla meM avikArI aura aparivartanazIla ho, to phira vaiyaktika jIvoM yA AtmAoM ke baMdhana aura mukti kI vyAkhyA bhI arthahIna ho jaayegii| dharma aura naitikatA- donoM kA hI una darzanoM meM koI sthAna nahIM hogA, jo sat ko apariNAmI mAnate haiN| jaise jIvana meM bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura praur3hAvasthA AtI hai, usI prakAra sattA meM bhI parivartana ghaTita hote haiN| Aja kA hamAre anubhava kA vizva vahI nahIM hai,

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-169 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-21 jo hajAra varSa pUrva thA, usameM pratikSaNa parivartana ghaTita hote haiN| na kevala jagat meM, apitu hamAre vaiyaktika-jIvana meM bhI parivartana ghaTita hote rahate haiM, ataH astitva yA sattA ke sambandha meM aparivartanazIlatA kI avadhAraNA samIcIna nahIM hai| ___ isake viparIta, yadi sat ko kSaNika yA parivartanazIla mAnA jAtA hai, to bhI karmaphala yA naitika-uttaradAyitva kI vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM hotii| yadi pratyeka kSaNa svatantra hai, to phira hama naitika-uttaradAyitva kI vyAkhyA nahIM kara skte| yadi vyakti athavA vastu apane pUrva kSaNa kI apekSA uttara kSaNa meM pUrNataH badala jAtI hai, to phira hama kisI ko pUrva meM kie gaye corI Adi kAryoM ke lie kaise uttaradAyI banA pAeMge? saiddhAntika-dRSTi se jaina-dArzanikoM kA isa dhAraNA ke viparIta yaha kahanA hai ki utpatti ke binA nAza aura nAza ke binA utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai, dUsare zabdoM meM, pUrva-paryAya ke nAza ke binA uttara-paryAya kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai, kintu utpatti aura nAza-donoM kA Azraya koI vastutattva honA caahiye| ekAntanitya vastutattva/padArtha meM parivartana saMbhava nahIM hai aura yadi padArthoM ko ekAnta-kSaNika mAnA jAya, to parivartita kauna hotA hai- yaha nahIM batAyA jA sktaa| AcArya samantabhadra AptamImAMsA meM isa dRSTikoNa kI samAlocanA karate hue kahate haiM ki "ekAnta kSaNikavAda meM pretyabhAva arthAt punarjanma asaMbhava hogA aura pretyabhAva ke abhAva meM puNya-pApa ke pratiphala aura baMdhana-mukti kI avadhAraNAeM bhI saMbhava nahIM hoNgii| punaH, ekAnta-kSaNikavAda meM pratyabhijJA bhI saMbhava nahIM aura pratyabhijJA ke abhAva meM kAryArambha hI nahIM hogA, phira phala kahA~ se? isa prakAra isameM baMdhana-mukti, punarjanma kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| 'yuktyAnuzAsana' meM kahA gayA hai ki kSaNikavAda saMvRtti-satya ke rUpa meM bhI bandhana-mukti Adi kI sthApanA nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki usakI dRSTi meM paramArtha yA sat niHsvabhAva hai| yadi paramArtha nija svabhAva hai, to phira vyavahAra kA vidhAna kaise hogA? AcArya hemacandra ne 'anyayogavyavacchedikA' meM kSaNikavAda para pA~ca AkSepa lagAye haiM- 1. kRta-praNAza, 2. akRta-bhoga, 3. bhava-bhaMga, 4. pramokSa-bhaMga aura 5. smRti-bhNg| yadi koI nitya sattA hI nahIM hai aura

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-170 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-22 pratyeka sattA kSaNajIvI hai, to phira vyakti dvArA kiye gaye kamoM kA phalabhoga kaise sambhava hogA, kyoMki phalabhoga ke lie kartRtvakAla aura bhoktRtvakAla meM usI vyakti kA honA Avazyaka hai, anyathA kArya kauna karegA aura phala kauna bhogegA? vastutaH, ekAnta-kSaNikavAda meM adhyayana koI aura karegA, parIkSA koI aura degA, usakA pramANa-patra kisI aura ko milegA, usa pramANa-patra ke AdhAra para naukarI koI anya vyakti prApta karegA aura jo vetana milegA, vaha kisI anya ko| isI prakAra RNa koI anya vyakti legA aura usakA bhugatAna kisI anya vyakti ko karanA hogaa| yaha satya hai ki bauddhadarzana meM sat ke anitya evaM kSaNika svarUpa para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| yaha bhI satya hai ki bhagavAn buddha sat ko eka prakriyA (parivartanazIlatA) mAnate haiM, usa prakriyA se pRthak koI sattA nahIM hai| ve kahate haiM- kriyA hai, kintu kriyA se pRthaka koI kartA nahIM hai| isa prakAra, prakriyA se alaga koI sattA nahIM hai, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki bauddhadarzana ke ina mantavyoM kA Azaya ekAnta-kSaNikavAda yA ucchedavAda nahIM hai| AlocakoM ne use ucchedavAda samajhakara, jo AlocanA prastuta kI hai, cAhe vaha ucchedavAda ke saMdarbha meM saMgata ho, kintu bauddhadarzana ke sambandha meM nitAnta asaMgata hai| buddha sat ke parivartanazIla pakSa para bala dete haiM, kintu isa AdhAra para unheM ucchedavAda kA samarthaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| buddha ke isa kathana ki "kriyA hai, kartA nahIM" kA Azaya yaha nahIM hai ki ve karttA yA kriyAzIla tattva qA niSedha karate haiN| unake isa kathana kA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI hai ki kriyA se bhinna kartA nahIM hai| parivartana se bhI bhinna sattA kI sthiti nahIM hai| parivartana aura parivartanazIla anyonyAzrita haiM, dUsare zabdoM meM, ve sApekSa haiM, nirapekSa nhiiN| vastutaH, bauddhadarzana kA sat-sambandhI yaha dRSTikoNa jainadarzana se utanA dUra nahIM hai, jitanA mAnA gayA hai| bauddha-darzana meM sattA ko anuccheda aura azAzvata kahA gayA hai, arthAt ve na use ekAnta-anitya mAnate haiM aura na ekAnta-nittya, vaha na anitya hai aura na nitya hai, jabaki jaina-dArzanikoM ne use nityAnitya kahA hai, kintu donoM paramparAoM kA yaha antara niSedhAtmaka athavA svIkArAtmaka bhASA-zailI kA antara hai| buddha aura

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-171 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -23 mahAvIra ke kathana kA mUla utsa eka-dUsare se utanA bhinna nahIM hai, jitanA ki hama use mAna lete haiN| bhagavAn buddha kA sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM yathArtha mantavya kyA thA, isakI vistRta carcA hamane 'jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra-darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana' bhAga-1 (pR. 192-194) meM kI hai, icchuka pAThaka use vahA~ dekha sakate haiN| sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM prastuta vivecanA kA mUla uddezya mAtra itanA hai ki sat ke sambandha meM ekAnta-abhedavAda aura ekAnta-bhedavAda unheM mAnya nahIM rahe haiN| jaina-dArzanikoM ke anusAra, sattA sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka yA bhedAbhedAtmaka hai| vaha eka bhI hai aura aneka bhii| ve bheda meM abheda aura abheda meM bheda ko svIkAra karate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, ve anekatA meM ekatA kA aura ekatA meM anekatA kA darzana karate haiN| mAnavatA kI apekSA manuSyajAti eka hai, kintu deza-bheda, varNabheda, varga-bheda yA vyakti-bheda kI apekSA vaha aneka hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra, ekatA meM anekatA aura anekatA meM ekatA anusyUta hai| . sat ke sambandha meM ekAnta-parivartanazIlatA kA yA bhedavAdI dRSTikoNa aura ekAnta aparivartanazIlatA kA yA abhedavAdI (advaitavAdI) dRSTikoNa-ina donoM meM se kisI eka ko apanAne para na to vyavahAra-jagata kI vyAkhyA sambhava hai, na dharma aura naitikatA kA koI sthAna hogaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki AcAramArgIya-paramparA ke pratinidhi bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM bhagavAn buddha ne unakA parityAga Avazyaka smjhaa| mahAvIra kI vizeSatA yaha rahI ki unhoMne na kevala ekAnta-zAzvatavAda kA aura na ekAnta-ucchedavAda kA parityAga kiyA, apitu apanI anekAntavAdI aura samanvayavAdI paramparAgata dRSTi se yaha mAnA hai ki sat yA sattA pariNAma- nitya hai| vaha parivartanazIla hokara bhI nitya hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'upannei vA, vigamei vA, dhuvei vA'- isa tripadI kA upadeza diyA thaa| samasta jaina-dArzanikavAD.maya kA vikAsa isI tripadI ke AdhAra para huA hai| paramArtha yA sat ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM mahAvIra kA uparyukta kathana hI jainadarzana kA kendrIya tattva hai| . isa siddhAnta ke anusAra; utpatti, vinAza aura dhrauvya- ye tInoM hI sat

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-172 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-24 ke. lakSaNa haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne sat ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki sat utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai (tattvArtha, 5/29), utpAda aura vyaya sat ke parivartanazIla pakSa ko batAte haiM, to dhrauvya usake avinAzI pakSa ko| sat kA dhrauvya- guNa usake utpatti evaM vinAza kA AdhAra hai, unake madhya yojaka kar3I hai| yaha satya hai ki vinAza ke lie. utpatti aura utpatti ke lie vinAza Avazyaka hai, kintu utpatti aura vinAza- donoM ke lie kisI aise AdhArabhUta tattva kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jisameM utpatti ke lie vinAza kI ye prakriyAeM ghaTita hotI hoN| yadi hama dhrauvya-pakSa ko asvIkAra kareMge, to utpatti aura vinAza paraspara asambandhita ho jAyeMge aura sattA aneka evaM asambandhita kSaNajIvI tattvoM meM vibhakta ho jaayegii| ina paraspara asambandhita kSaNika satttAoM kI avadhAraNA se vyaktitva kI ekAtmakatA kA hI viccheda ho jAyegA, jisake abhAva meM naitika- uttaradAyitva aura karmaphala-vyavasthA hI arthavihIna ho jaayegii| isI prakAra, ekAnta-dhrauvyatA ko svIkAra karane para isa jagat meM cala rahe utpatti aura vinAza ke krama ko samajhAyA nahIM jA skegaa| jainadarzana meM sat ke isa aparivartanazIla pakSa ko dravya aura guNa tathA parivartanazIla pakSa ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai, isalie tattvArthasUtra meM dravya ko guNa evaM paryAya se yukta kahA gayA hai| cUMki dravya kI isa avadhAraNA kA vikAsa bhI paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA se huA hai, ataH yahA~ hama paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA kI carcA kreNge| paMcAstikAya evaM SadravyoM kI avadhAraNA . jainadarzana meM 'dravya' ke vargIkaraNa kA eka AdhAra astikAya aura anastikAya kI avadhAraNA bhI hai| SadravyoM meM dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva- ye pA~ca astikAya mAne gaye haiM, jabaki kAla ko anastikAya mAnA gayA hai| adhikAMza jaina-dArzanikoM ke anusAra kAla kA astitva to hai, kintu usameM kAyatva nahIM hai, ataH use astikAya ke varga meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai| kucha zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne to kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane ke sambandha meM bhI Apatti uThAI hai, kintu yaha eka bhinna viSaya hai, isakI carcA hama Age kreNge|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-173 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-25 astikAya kA tAtparya ___ sarvaprathama to hamAre sAmane mUla prazna yaha hai ki astikAya kI isa avadhAraNA kA tAtparya kyA hai? vyutpatti kI dRSTi se 'astikAya' do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai- asti+kAya / 'asti' kA artha hai- sattA yA astitva aura 'kAya' kA artha hai- zarIra, arthAt jo zarIra-rUpa se astitvavAn hai, vaha astikAya hai, kintu yahA~ 'kAya' (zarIra) zabda bhautika zarIra ke artha meM prayukta nahIM hai, jaisA ki jana-sAdhAraNa samajhatA hai, kyoMki paMca-astikAyoM meM pudgala ko chor3akara zeSa cAra to amUrta haiM, ataH ve astikAya haiN| paramANu Adi, madhya aura anta se rahita haiM, kintu paramANu jur3akara skandha banAte haiN| paramANu aura skandha pudgala ke hI rUpa haiM, phira bhI unakA AkAza meM vistAra hai, ataH pudgala ko bhI astikAya mAnA jA sakatA hai| - vastutaH, isa prasaMga meM kAyatva kA artha vistArayukta honA hI hai| jo dravya vistAravAn haiM, ve astikAya haiM aura jo vistArarahita haiM, ve anastikAya haiN| vistAra kI yaha avadhAraNA kSetra kI avadhAraNA para Azrita hai| vastutaH, kAyatva ke artha ke spaSTIkaraNa meM sAvayavatva evaM sapradezatva kI jo avadhAraNAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiM, ve sabhI kSetra ke avagAhana kI saMkalpanA se sambandhita haiN| vistAra kA tAtparya hai- kSetra kA avagAhana / jo dravya jitane kSetra kA avagAhana karatA hai, vahI usakA vistAra yA pradeza-pracayatva yA kAyatva hai| vistAra yA pracaya do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai- Urdhva-pracaya aura tiryak-pracaya / Adhunika zabdAvalI meM inheM kramazaH' Urdhva-ekarekhIya vistAra (Longitudinal Extension) aura bahuAyAmI vistAra (Multidimensional Extension) kahA jA sakatA hai| astikAya kI avadhAraNA meM pracaya yA vistAra ko jisa artha meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bahuAyAmI vistAra hai, na ki Urdhva-ekarekhIya vistAra | jaina-dArzanikoM ne kevala unhIM dravyoM ko astikAya kahA hai, jinakA tiryak-pracaya yA bahuAyAmI vistAra hai| kAla meM kevala Urdhva-pracaya yA eka-AyAmI vistAra hai, ataH use astikAya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi pro. jI.Ara. jaina ne kAla ko

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-174 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -26 eka-AyAmI (Mono-dimensional) aura zeSa ko dvi-AyAmI (Twodimensional) mAnA hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM zeSa dravya tri-AyAmI haiM, (Three-dimensional) kyoMki ve skandharUpa haiM, ataH, unameM lambAI-caur3AI aura moTAI ke rUpa meM tIna AyAma hote haiN| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jina dravyoM meM tri-AyAmI vistAra hai, ve astikAya dravya haiN| yahA~ yaha prazna uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki kAla bhI lokavyApI hai, phira use astikAya kyoM nahIM mAnA gayA? isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki yadyapi lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza para kAlANu sthita haiM, kintu pratyeka kAlANu (Time grains) apane Apa meM eka svataMtra dravya hai, ve paraspara nirapekSa haiM, snigdha evaM rUkSa guNa ke abhAva ke kAraNa unameM baMdha nahIM hotA hai, arthAt unake skandha nahIM banate haiN| skandha ke abhAva meM unameM pradeza-pracayatva kI kalpanA saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH ve astikAya dravya nahIM haiN| kAla-dravya ko astikAya isaliye nahIM kahA gayA, kyoMki usameM svarUpataH aura upacAradonoM hI prakAra se pradeza-pracayatva kI kalpanA kA abhAva hai| yadyapi pAzcAtya dArzanika dekArta ne pudgala (Matter) kA guNa vistAra (Extension) mAnA hai, kintu jainadarzana kI vizeSatA to yaha hai ki vaha AtmA, dharma, adharma aura AkAza jaise amUrta-dravyoM meM bhI vistAra kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai| inake vistAravAn (kAyatva se yukta) hone kA artha hai, ve dik (pace) meM prasArita yA vyApta haiN| dharma evaM adharma to eka mahAskandha ke rUpa meM sampUrNa lokAkAza ke sImita asaMkhya pradezI kSetra meM prasArita yA vyApta haiN| AkAza to svataH hI ananta pradeza vAlA hokara loka evaM aloka meM vistArita hai, ataH isameM bhI kAyatva kI avadhAraNA sambhava hai| jahA~ taka AtmA kA prazna hai, dekArta usameM vistAra' ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai, kintu jaina-darzana use vistArayukta mAnatA hai, kyoMki AtmA jisa zarIra ko apanA AvAsa banAtA hai, usameM vaha samagrataH vyApta ho jAtA hai| hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki zarIra ke amuka bhAga meM AtmA hai aura amuka bhAga meM nahIM hai, vaha apane 'cetanA' lakSaNa se sampUrNa zarIra ko vyApta karatA hai, ataH usameM vistAra hai, vaha astikAya hai| hameM isa bhrAnti ko nikAla denA cAhie ki kevala mUrta-dravya kA vistAra hotA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-175 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-27 hai aura amUrta kA nhiiN| Adhunika vijJAna ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki amUrta-dravya kA bhI vistAra hotA hai| vastutaH, amUrta-dravya ke vistAra kI kalpanA usake lakSaNoM yA kAryoM (Functions) ke AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai, jaise dharma-dravya kA kArya gati ko sambhava banAnA hai, vaha gati kA mAdhyama mAnA gayA hai, ataH jahA~-jahA~ gati hai yA gati sambhava hai, vahA~-vahA~ dharma-dravya kI upasthiti evaM vistAra hai, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra, hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki kisI dravya ko astikAya kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha dravya dik meM prasArita hai, yA prasAraNa kI kSamatA se yukta hai| vistAra yA prasAra (magajamadepavada) hI kAyatva hai, kyoMki vistAra yA prasAra kI upasthiti meM hI pradeza pracayatva tathA sAvayavatA kI siddhi hotI hai, ataH jina dravyoM meM astitva ke sAtha-sAtha vistAra yA prasAra kA lakSaNa hai, ve astikAya haiN| aba eka prazna yaha zeSa rahatA hai ki kAla ko astikAya kyoM nahIM mAnA jA sakatA? yadyapi anAdi bhUta se lekara ananta bhaviSya taka kAla ke vistAra kA anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu phira bhI usameM kAyatva kA AropaNa saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki kAla kA pratyeka ghaTaka apanI svataMtra aura pRthak sattA rakhatA hai| jainadarzana kI pAramparika-paribhASA meM kAlANuoM meM snigdha evaM rUkSa-guNa kA abhAva hone se unakA koI skandha yA saMghAta nahIM bana sakatA hai| yadi unake skandha kI parikalpanA bhI kara lI jAya, to paryAya-samaya kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| punaH, kAla ke vartanA lakSaNa kI siddhi kevala vartamAna meM hI hai aura vartamAna atyanta sUkSma hai, ataH kAla meM vistAra (pradeza-pracayatva) nahIM mAnA jA sakatA aura isalie vaha astikAya bhI nahIM hai| prAraMbha se hI ye astikAya pA~ca mAne gaye haiM- 1. dharma, 2. adharma, 3 jIva, 4. pudgala aura 5. aakaash| ina pAMcoM kI vistRta carcA SadravyoM ke prasaMga meM kI gaI hai / astikAyoM ke pradeza-pracayatva kA alpabahutva jJAtavya hai ki sabhI astikAya dravyoM kA vistAra-kSetra samAna nahIM hai, unameM bhinnatAe~ haiN| jahA~ AkAza kA vistAra kSetra loka aura aloka-donoM haiM, vahA~ dharma-dravya aura adharma-dravya kevala loka taka hI sImita haiN|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-176 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-28 pudgala ke pratyeka skandha aura pratyeka jIva kA vistAra-kSetra bhI bhinna-bhinna hai| pudgala-piNDoM kA vistAra-kSetra unake AkAra para nirbhara karatA hai| pratyeka jIvAtmA kA vistAra-kSetra usake dvArA gRhIta zarIra ke AkAra para nirbhara karatA hai| isa prakAra dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva astikAya hote hue bhI unakA vistAra-kSetra yA kAyatva samAna nahIM hai| jaina-dArzanikoM ne unameM pradeza-dRSTi se bhinnatA spaSTa kI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki dharma-dravya aura adharma ke pradeza anyaM dravyoM kI apekSA sabase kama haiN| ve lokAkAza taka (Within the limits of universe) sImita haiM aura asaMkhya-pradezI haiN| AkAza kI pradeza-saMkhyA ina donoM kI apekSA anantaguNA adhika mAnI gayI hai| AkAza ananta-pradezI hai, kyoMki vaha sasIma loka (Finite universe) taka sImita nahIM hai| usakA vistAra aloka meM bhI hai| punaH, AkAza kI apekSA jIvadravya ke pradeza anantaguNA adhika haiM, kyoMki prathama to jahA~ dharma-adharma aura AkAza kA ekala-dravya hai, vahA~ jIva ananta-dravya hai, kyoMki saMkhyA kI apekSA jIva ananta haiN| punaH, pratyeka jIva ke asaMkhya pradeza haiN| pratyeka jIva meM apane Atma-pradezoM se sampUrNa loka ko vyApta karane kI kSamatA hai| jIvadravya ke pradezoM kI apekSA bhI pudgala-dravya ke pradeza ananta guNA adhika haiM, kyoMki pratyeka jIva ke sAtha ananta karma-pudgala saMyojita, haiN| yadyapi kAla kI pradeza-saMkhyA pudgala kI apekSA bhI ananta guNI mAnI gayI, kyoMki pratyeka jIva aura pudgala-dravya kI vartamAna, anAdi bhUta aura ananta bhaviSya kI dRSTi se ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM, ataH kAla kI pradeza-saMkhyA sarvAdhika honI cAhie, phira bhI kAlANuoM kA samAveza pudgala-dravya ke pradezoM meM hone kI vajaha se astikAya meM pudgala-dravya ke pradezoM kI saMkhyA hI sarvAdhika mAnI gayI hai| isa samagra vivecana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki astikAya kI avadhAraNA aura dravya kI avadhAraNA ke varNya-viSaya eka hI haiN| SadravyoM kI avadhAraNA yaha eka sunizcita tathya hai ki prArambha meM jainadarzana meM paMca astikAya kI avadhAraNA hI thI) apane itihAsa kI dRSTi se yaha

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-177 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-29 avadhAraNA pArzvayugIna thii| 'isibhAsiyAI ke pArzva nAmaka ikatIsaveM adhyAya meM pArzva ke jagata sambandhI dRSTikoNa kA prastutikaraNa karate hue vizva ke mUla ghaTakoM ke rUpa meM paMcAstikAyoM kA ullekha huA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM mahAvIra ne pArzva ko isI avadhAraNA kA poSaNa karate hue yaha mAnA thA ki loka paMcAstikAyarUpa hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki prAcIna kAla meM jainadarzana meM kAla ko svatantra tattva nahIM mAnA gayA thaa| use jIva evaM pudgala kI paryAya ke rUpa meM hI vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA thaa| prAcIna stara ke AgamoM meM uttarAdhyayana hI aisA Agama hai, jahA~ kAla ko sarvaprathama eka svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina-paramparA meM umAsvAti ke kAla taka, kAla svatantra dravya hai yA nahIMisa prazna ko lekara matabheda thaa| isa prakAra, jaina-AcAryoM meM tRtIya-caturtha zatAbdI taka kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane ke sambandha meM do prakAra kI vicAradhArAe~ cala rahI thiiN| kucha vicAraka kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnate the| tattvArthasUtra kA bhASyamAn pATha 'kAlazcetyeke' kA nirdeza karatA hai| isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki kucha vicAraka kAla ko bhI svatantra dravya mAnane lage the| lagatA hai ki lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM Akara kAla ko svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA thA aura yahI kAraNa thA ki sarvArthasiddhikAra ne 'kAlazcetyeke sUtra ke sthAna para 'kAlazca'isa sUtra ko mAnya kiyA thaa| jaba zvetAmbara aura digambara- donoM hI paramparAoM meM kAla ko eka svatantra dravya mAna liyA gayA, to astikAya aura dravya zabdoM ke vAcya viSayoM meM eka antara A gyaa| jahA~ astikAya ke antargata jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudgala- ye pA~ca hI dravya mAne gaye, vahA~ dravya kI avadhAraNA ke antargata jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura kAla- ye Sadravya mAne gye| vastutaH, astikAya kI avadhAraNA jaina-paramparA kI apanI maulika aura prAcIna avadhAraNA thii| use jaba vaizeSika darzana kI dravya kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha svI.ta kiyA gayA, to prArambha meM to pA~ca astikAyoM ko hI dravya mAnA gayA, kintu jaba kAla ko eka svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta ho gaI, to dravyoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca se bar3hakara chaha ho gii| cU~ki AgamoM meM kahIM bhI astikAya-varga

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-178 jaina - tattvamImAMsA-30 (1) cetanAlakSaNa ke AdhAra para dravyoM kA vargIkaraNa 1. jIva 2. ajIva. 2. rUpI pudgala arUMpI 3. dharma 4. adharma 5. AkAza 6. samaya (kAla) . astikAya kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para dravyoM kA vargIkaraNa anastikAya 6.advAsamaya (kAla) astikAya 1. jIvana 2. pudgala 3. dharma 4. adharma 5. AkAza mUrtatA yA amUrttatA ke AdhAra para dravyoM kA vargIkaraNa mUrta 1. pudgala amUrta 2. jIva 3. dharma 4. adharma 5. AkAza 6. samaya yA kAla

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-179 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-31 ke antargata kAla kI gaNanA nahIM thI, ataH kAla ko anastikAya-varga meM rakhA gayA aura yaha mAna liyA gayA ki kAla jIva aura pudgala ke parivartanoM kA nimitta hai aura kAlANu tiryak pradeza-pracayatva se rahita haiM, ataH kAla anastikAya hai| isa prakAra, dravyoM ke vargIkaraNa meM sarvaprathama do prakAra ke vargIkaraNa bane- 1. astikAya-dravya aura 2. anastikAya-dravya / astikAya-dravyoM ke varga ke antargata jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudgala- ina pA~ca dravyoM ko rakhA gayA aura anastikAya-varga ke antargata kAla ko rakhA gyaa| Age calakara dravyoM ke vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra cetanA-lakSaNa aura mUrtatA-lakSaNa ko bhI mAnA gyaa| cetanA-lakSaNa kI dRSTi se jIva ko cetana-dravya aura zeSa pA~ca- dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura kAla ko acetana-dravya kahA gyaa| isI prakAra, mUrtatA-lakSaNa kI apekSA se pudgala ko mUrta-dravya aura zeSa pA~ca- jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ko amUrta-dravya mAnA gyaa| isa prakAra, dravyoM ke vargIkaraNa kI tIna zailiyA~ astitva meM AIM, jinheM hama nimna sAraNiyoM va AdhAra para spaSTatayA samajha sakate haiM - ___dravya, guNa aura padArthoM ke uparyukta vargIkaraNa ke pazcAt ina SadravyoM ke svarUpa aura lakSaNa para bhI vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai| ina SadravyoM meM pA~ca dravya astikAya bhI kahe jAte hai| ina paMca astikAyoM meM kAla ko milAkara Sadravya mAne gaye haiN| aba hama ina SadravyoM kI pRthak-pRthak rUpa se carcA kreNge| jIva-dravya jIvadravya ko astikAya-varga ke antargata rakhA jAtA hai| jIvadravya kA lakSaNa upayoga yA cetanA ko mAnA gayA hai, isIlie ise cetana-dravya bhI kahA jAtA hai| upayoga yA cetanA ke do prakAroM kI carcA hI AgamoM meM milatI hai- nirAkAra upayoga aura sAkAra upyog| ina donoM ko kramazaH darzana aura jJAna kahA jAtA hai| nirAkAra upayoga ko vastu ke sAmAnya svarUpa kA grahaNa karane ke kAraNa darzana kahA jAtA hai aura sAkAra upayoga ko vastu ke viziSTa svarUpa kA grahaNa karane ke kAraNa

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-180 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-32 . jJAna kahA jAtA hai| jIvadravya ke sandarbha meM jainadarzana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha jIvadravya ko eka akhaNDa dravya na mAnakara aneka dravya mAnatA hai| usake anusAra, pratyeka jIva kI svatantra sattA hai aura vizva meM jIvoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai| isa prakAra, saMkSepa meM jIvatantra astikAya, cetana, arUpI aura aneka dravya vAlA hai| dharma-dravya dharmadravya kI isa carcA ke prasaMga meM sarvaprathama hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se jAna lenA cAhie ki yahA~ 'dharma' zabda kA artha vaha nahIM hai, jise sAmAnyatayA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ 'dharma' zabda na to svabhAva kA vAcaka hai, na karttavya kA aura na sAdhanA yA upAsanA ke vizeSa prakAra kA, apitu ise jIva evaM pudgala kI gati ke sahAyaka tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jo jIva aura pudgala kI gati ke mAdhyama kA kArya karatA hai, use dharmadravya kahA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra machalI kI gati jala ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava hotI hai, athavA jaise vidyut-dhArA usake cAlaka dravya ke tAra Adi ke mAdhyama se hI pravAhita hotI hai, usI prakAra jIva aura pudagala vizva meM prasArita dharmadravya ke mAdhyama se hI gati karate haiN| isakA prasAra-kSetra loka taka sImita hai| aloka meM dharmadravya kA abhAva hai, isIlie usameM jIva aura pudgala kI gati sambhava nahIM hotI aura yahI kAraNa hai ki use aloka kahA jAtA hai| aloka kA tAtparya hai ki jisameM jIva aura pudgala kA abhAva ho| dharmadravya prasArita svabhAva vAlA (astikAya) hokara bhI amUrta (arUpI) aura acetana hai| dharmadravya eka aura akhaNDa dravya hai| jahA~ jIvAtmAe~ aneka mAnI gaI haiM, vahIM dharmadravya eka hI hai| loka taka sImita hone ke kAraNa ise anantapradezI na kahakara asaMkhyapradezI kahA gayA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, loka cAhe kitanA hI vistRta kyoM na ho, vaha asIma na hokara sasIma hai aura sasIma loka meM vyApta hone ke kAraNa dharmadravya ko bhI AkAza ke samAna anantapradezI na mAnakara asaMkhyapradezI mAnanA hI upayukta hai| adharma-dravya adharmadravya bhI astikAya varga ke antargata AtA hai| isakA bhI

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-181 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-33 vistAra kSetra yA pradeza-pracayatva lokavyApI hai| aloka meM isakA astitva nahIM hai| adharma dravya kA lakSaNa yA kArya jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti meM sahAyaka honA mAnA gayA hai| paramparAgata udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jisa prakAra vRkSa kI chAyA pathika ke vizrAma meM sahAyaka hotI hai, usI prakAra adharmadravya jIva aura pudgala kI avasthiti meM sahAyaka hotA hai| jahA~ dharmadravya gati kA mAdhyama (cAlaka) hai, vahA~ adharmadravya gati kA kucAlaka hai, ataH use sthiti kA mAdhyama kahA gayA hai| yadi adharmadravya nahIM hotA, to jIva va pudagala kI gati kA niyamana asambhava ho jAtA aura ve ananta AkAza meM bikhara jaate| jisa prakAra vaijJAnika-dRSTi se gurUtvAkarSaNa AkAza meM sthita pudgala-piNDoM ko niyaMtrita karatA hai, usI prakAra adharma-dravya bhI jIva va pudgala kI gati kA niyamana kara unakI gati ko virAma detA hai| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se adharmadravya ko eka aura akhaNDa dravyaM mAnA gayA hai| pradeza-pracayatva kI dRSTi se isakA vistAra kSetra loka taka sImita hone ke kAraNa ise bhI asaMkhya-pradezI mAnA jAtA hai, phira bhI vaha eka akhaNDa dravya hai, kyoMki usakA vikhaNDana sambhava nahIM hai| dharma aura adharma-dravyoM meM deza-pradeza Adi kI kalpanA mAtra vaicArika-stara para hI hotI hai| AkAza-dravya . . ... AkAza-dravya bhI astikAya-varga ke antargata hI AtA hai, kintu jahA~ dharma aura adharma-dravyoM kA vistAra lokavyApI hai, vahA~ AkAza kA vistArakSetra loka aura aloka-donoM haiN| AkAza kA lakSaNa 'avagAhana' hai| vaha jIva aura ajIva- dravyoM ko sthAna pradAna karatA hai| loka ko bhI apane meM samAhita karane ke kAraNa AkAza kA vistArakSetra loka ke bAhara bhI mAnanA Avazyaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina-AcArya AkAza ke do vibhAga karate haiM- lokAkAza aura alokAkAza / vizva meM jo rikta sthAna hai, vaha lokAkAza hai aura isa vizva se bAhara jo rikta sthAna hai, vaha alokAkAza hai| isa prakAra, jahA~ dharma-dravya aura adharmadravya asaMkhyapradezI mAne gae haiM, vahA~ AkAza ko ananta-pradezI mAnA gayA hai| loka .. kI koI sImA ho sakatI hai, kintu aloka kI koI sImA nahIM hai- vaha

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-182 . jaina - tattvamImAMsA -34 ananta hai| cUMki AkAza loka aura aloka- donoM meM hai, isalie vaha ananta pradezI hai| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se AkAza ko bhI eka aura akhaNDa dravya mAnA gayA hai| usake deza-pradeza Adi kI kalpanA bhI kevala vaicArika-stara taka hI sambhava hai| vastutaH, AkAza meM kisI prakAra kA vibhAjana kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki use akhaNDa dravya kahA jAtA hai| jaina AcAryoM kI avadhAraNA hai ki jinheM hama sAmAnyatayA Thosa piNDa samajhate haiM, unameM bhI AkAza arthAt rikta sthAna hotA hai| eka pudgala-paramANu meM bhI dUsare ananta pudgala-paramANuoM ko apane meM samAviSTa karane kI zakti tabhI sambhava ho sakatI hai, jabaki unameM vipula mAtrA meM rikta sthAna yA AkAza ho, ataH mUrta dravyoM meM bhI AkAza to nihita hI rahatA hai| lakar3I meM hama jaba kIla ThoMkate haiM, to vaha vastutaH usameM nihita rikta sthAna meM hI samAhita hotI hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki usameM bhI AkAza hai| paramparAgata udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki dUdha yA jala ke bhare hue glAsa meM yadi dhIre-dhIre zakara yA namaka DAlA jAya, to vaha usameM samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki dUdha yA jala se bhare hue glAsa meM bhI rikta sthAna arthAt AkAza thaa| vaijJAnikoM ne bhI yaha mAna liyA hai ki pratyeka paramANu meM paryApta rUpa se rikta sthAna hotA hai, ataH AkAza ko lokAlokavyApI eka aura akhaNDa dravya mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| pudgala-dravya pudgala ko bhI astikAya-dravya mAnA gayA hai| yaha mUrta aura acetana dravya hai| pudgala kA lakSaNa zabda, varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi mAnA jAtA hai| jaina- AcAryoM ne halkApana, bhArIpana, prakAza, aMdhakAra, chAyA, Atapa Adi ko bhI pudgala kA lakSaNa mAnA hai| jahA~ dharma, adharma aura AkAza eka dravya mAne gaye haiM, vahA~ pudgala aneka dravya haiN| jaina-AcAryoM ne pratyeka paramANu ko eka svatantra dravya ikAI mAnA hai| vastutaH, pudgala-dravya samasta dRzya-jagat kA mUlabhUta ghaTaka haiN| yaha dRzya-jagat pudgala-dravya ke hI vibhinna saMyogoM kA vistAra hai| aneka pudgala-paramANu milakara skaMdha kI racanA karate haiM aura ina

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-183 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-35 skaMdhoM se milakara dRzya- jagat kI sabhI vastueM nirmita hotI haiN| navIna skaMdhoM ke nirmANa aura pUrva nirmita skandhoM ke saMgaThana aura vighaTana kI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se hI dRzya-jagat meM parivartana ghaTita hote haiM aura vibhinna vastue~ aura padArtha astitva meM Ate haiN| __ jaina-AcAryoM ne pudagala ko skaMdha aura paramANa- ina do rUpoM meM vivecita kiyA hai| vibhinna paramANuoM ke saMyoga se hI skaMdha banate haiM, phira bhI itanA spaSTa hai ki pudgala-dravya kA aMtima ghaTaka to paramANu hI hai| pratyeka pramANu meM svabhAva se eka rasa, eka rUpa, eka gaMdha aura zIta-uSNa yA snigdha-rUkSa meM se koI do sparza pAye jAte haiN| jaina-AgamoM meM varNa pA~ca mAne gaye haiM-lAla, pIlA, nIlA, sapheda aura kAlA, gaMdha do haiM- sugandha aura durgandha; rasa pA~ca haiM- rikta, kaTu, kasailA, khaTTA aura mIThA aura isI prakAra sparza ATha mAne gaye haiM- zIta aura uSNa, snigdha aura rUkSa, mRdu aura karkaza, halkA aura bhaarii| jJAtavya hai ki paramANuoM meM mRdu, karkaza, halkA aura bhArI- ye cAra sparza nahIM hote haiN| ye cAra sparza tabhI saMbhava hote haiM, jaba paramANuoM se skaMdhoM kI racanA hotI hai aura tabhI unameM mRdu, kaThora, halke aura bhArI guNa bhI prakaTa ho jAte haiN| paramANu ekapradezI hotA hai, jabaki skaMdha meM do yA do se adhika asaMkhya pradeza bhI ho sakate haiN| skaMdha, skaMdha-deza, skaMdha-pradeza aura paramANu- ye cAra pudgala-dravya ke vibhAga haiN| inameM paramANu niravayava hai, Agama meM use Adi, madhya aura anta se rahita batAyA gayA hai| isake viparIta, Adi aura anta hote haiN| na kevala bhautika vastue~, apitu zarIra, indriyA~ aura mana bhI skaMdhoM kA hI khela hai| paramANuoM se skandha kaise banate haiM- isakI vistRta carcA pudgala kI avadhAraNA ke antargata alaga se kI gaI hai| kAla-dravya ____ kAladravya ko anastikAya-varga ke antargata mAnA gayA hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM- Agamika-yuga taka jaina-paramparA meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane ke sandarbha meM paryApta matabheda thA / AvazyakacUrNi (bhAga-1, pR. 340-341) meM kAla ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM nimna tIna matoM

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-184 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-36 kA ullekha huA hai- 1. kucha vicAraka kAla ko svatantra dravya na mAnakara paryAya-rUpa mAnate haiN| 2. kucha vicAraka use guNa mAnate haiN| 3. kucha vicAraka use svatantra dravya mAnate haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM sAtavIM zatI taka kAla ke sambandha meM ukta tInoM vicAradhArAe~ pracalita rahIM aura zvetAmbara-AcArya apanI-apanI mAnyatAnusAra unameM se kisI eka kA poSaNa karate rahe, jabaki digambara-AcAryoM ne eka mata se kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnA / jo vicAraka kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnate the, unakA tarka yaha thA ki yadi dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva-dravya apanI-apanI paryAyoM (vibhinna avasthAoM) meM svataH hI parivartita hote rahate haiM, to phira kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? Agama meM bhI jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra se yaha pUchA gayA ki kAla kyA hai ? to isa prazna kA uttara dete hue unhoMne kahA ki kAla jIva-ajIvamaya hai, arthAta jIva aura ajIva kI paryAyeM hI kAla haiN| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM kahA gayA hai ki vartanA arthAt pariNamana yA parivartana se bhinna koI kAladravya nahIM hai| isa prakAra, jIva aura ajIva dravya kI parivartanazIla paryAya ko hI kAla kahA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM kAla ko paryAyarUpa dravya kahA gayA hai| ina saba vivaraNoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kAla koI svatantra dravya nahIM hai| cU~ki Agama meM jIva-kAla aura ajIva-kAla- aise kAla ke do vargoM ke ullekha milate haiM, ataH kucha jaina-vicArakoM ne yaha mAnA ki jIva aura ajIva-dravyoM kI paryAyoM se pRthaka kAladravya kA svatantra astitva nahIM hai| prAcIna stara ke AgamoM meM sarvaprathama uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kAla kA svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM saMketa kara cuke haiM ki na kevala umAsvAti ke yuga taka arthAt IsA kI tRtIya-caturtha zatAbdI taka, apitu cUrNikAla arthAt IsA kI sAtavIM zatI taka, kAla svatantra dravya hai yA nahIM - isa prazna para jaina-dArzanikoM meM matabheda thA, isIlie tattvArthasUtra ke bhASyamAn pATha meM umAsvAti ko yaha ullekha karanA par3A ki kucha vicAraka kAla ko bhI dravya mAnate haiM (kAlazcetye-tattvArthasUtra 5/38) / isakA phalitArtha yaha bhI hai ki usa yuga meM kucha jaina-dArzanika kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnate the| inake anusAra, sarva dravyoM kI jo

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-185 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-37 paryAyeM haiM, ve hI kAla haiN| isa mAnyatA ke virodha meM dUsare pakSa ke dvArA yaha kahA gayA ki anya dravyoM kI paryAyoM se pRthak kAla svatantra dravya hai, kyoMki kisI bhI padArtha meM bAhya-nimitta arthAt anya dravya ke upakAra ke binA svataH hI pariNamana sambhava nahIM hotA hai, jaise-jJAna AtmA kA svalakSaNa hai, kintu jJAnarUpa paryAyeM to apane jJeya viSaya para hI nirbhara karatI haiN| AtmA ko jJAna tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba jJAna ke viSaya arthAt jJeya vastutattva kI svatantra sattA ho, ataH anya sabhI dravyoM ke pariNamana ke lie kisI bAhya-nimitta ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra, cAhe sabhI dravyoM meM paryAya-parivartana kI kSamatA svataH ho, kintu unake nimitta-kAraNa ke rUpa meM kAladravya ko svatantra dravya mAnanA Avazyaka hai| yadi kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnA jAyegA, to padArthoM ke pariNamana (paryAya-parivartana) kA koI nimitta-kAraNa nahIM hogaa| pariNamana ke nimitta-kAraNa ke abhAva meM paryAyoM kA abhAva hogA aura paryAyoM ke abhAva meM dravya kA bhI abhAva ho jAyegA, kyoMki dravya kA astitva bhI paryAyoM se pRthak nahIM hai| isa prakAra sarvazUnyatA kA prasaMga A jaayegaa| ataH, paryAya-parivartana (pariNamana) ke nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnanA hI hogaa| kAla ko svatantra tattva mAnane vAle dArzanikoM ke dvArA isa tarka ke virodha meM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA ki yadi anya dravyoM ke pariNamana (paryAya-parivartana) ke hetu ke rUpa meM kAla nAmaka svatantra dravya kA mAnanA Avazyaka hai, to phira alokAkAza meM hone vAle paryAya-parivartana kA hetu (nimitta-kAraNa) kyA hai ? kyoMki alokAkAza meM to Agama meM kAla-dravya kA abhAva mAnA gayA hai| yadi usameM kAla dravya ke abhAva meM paryAya-parivartana sambhava hai, to phira lokAkAza meM bhI anya dravyoM ke paryAya-parivartana hetu kAla ko svatantraM dravya mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| punaH, alokAkAza meM kAla ke abhAva meM yadi paryAya-parivartana nahIM mAnoge, to phira paryAya parivartana ke abhAva meM AkAza-dravya meM dravya kA sAmAnya lakSaNa 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya' siddha nahIM ho sakegA aura yadi alokAkAza meM paryAya-parivartana mAnA jAtA hai, to usa paryAya- parivartana kA nimitta kAla to nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vahA~ usakA abhAva hai| isa tarka ke

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-186 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-38 pratyuttara meM kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane vAle AcAryoM kA pratyuttara yaha hai ki AkAza eka akhaNDa dravya hai, usame alokAkAza evaM lokAkAzaaise do bheda kie jAte haiM, ve mAtra aupacArika haiN| lokAkAza meM kAladravya ke nimitta se hone vAlA paryAya-parivartana sampUrNa AkAzadravya kA hI paryAya parivartana hai| alokAkAza aura lokAkAza-donoM AkAzadravya ke hI aMza haiM, ve eka-dUsare se pRthak nahIM haiN| kisI bhI dravya ke eka aMza meM hone vAlA parivartana sampUrNa dravya kA parivartana mAnA jAtA hai; ataH lokAkAza meM jo paryAya-parivartana hotA hai, vaha alokAkAza para bhI ghaTita hotA hai aura lokAkAza meM paryAya-parivartana kAladravya ke nimitta se hotA hai, ataH lokAkAza aura alokAkAza- donoM ke paryAya-parivartana kA nimitta kAladravya hI hai| jJAtavya hai ki lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI se kAla kA svatantra dravya honA sarvamAnya ho gyaa| : __ jaina-dArzanikoM ne kAla ko acetana, amUrta (arUpI) tathA anastikAya- dravya kahA hai| isakA kArya yA lakSaNa vartanA mAnA gayA hai| vibhinna dravyoM meM jo paryAya-parivartana hotA hai, usakA nimitta kAraNa kAladravya hotA hai, yadyapi usa paryAya-pariNamana kA upAdAna-kAraNa to svayaM vaha dravya hI hotA hai, jisa prakAra dharma-dravya jIva, pudgala Adi kI svataHprasUta gati kA nimitta kAraNa hai yA jisa prakAra bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA prANI kI apanI zArIrika saMracanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI ghaTita hotI hai, phira bhI unameM nimitta-kAraNa ke rUpa meM kAla bhI apanA kArya karatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne svabhAva, niyati, puruSArtha, kAla Adi jisa kAraNa paMcaka kI carcA kI hai, unameM kAla ko bhI eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka mAnA gayA hai| jaina-dArzanika-sAhitya meM kAladravya kI carcA aneka prakAra se kI gaI hai| sarvaprathama vyavahArakAla aura nizcayakAlaaise kAla ke do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM, nizcayakAla anya dravyoM kI paryAyoM ke parivartana kA nimitta-kAraNa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, sabhI dravyoM kI vartanA yA pariNamana kI zakti hI dravyakAla yA nizcayakAla hai| vyavahArakAla ko samaya, AvalikA, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana, saMvatsara Adi rUpa kahA gayA hai| saMsAra meM bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna-sambandhI jo kAla-vyavahAra hai, vaha

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-187 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-39 bhI isI se hotA hai| jaina-paramparA meM vyavahArakAla kA AdhAra sUrya yA caMdra kI gati hI mAnI gaI hai, sAtha hI yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki yaha vyavahara-kAla manuSya-kSetra taka hI sImita hai| devaloka Adi meM isakA vyavahAra manuSya-kSetra kI apekSA se hI hai| manuSya-kSetra meM hI samaya, AvalikA, ghaTikA, prahara, rAta-dina, pakSa, mAsa, Rta, ayana, saMvatsara, avasarpiNI, utsarpiNI Adi kA vyavahAra hotA hai| vyaktiyoM meM bAlaka, yuvA aura vRddha athavA nUtana, jIrNa Adi kA jo vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai, vaha saba bhI kAla ke hI kAraNa hai, vAsanAkAla, zikSAkAla, dIkSAkAla Adi kI apekSA se bhI kAla ke aneka bheda kiye jAte haiM, kinta vistArabhaya se una sabakI carcA yahA~ karanA apekSita nahIM hai| isI prakAra, karmasiddhAnta ke sandarbha meM pratyeka karma-prakRti ke sattAkAla Adi kI bhI carcA jainAgamoM meM milatI hai| . saMkhyA kI dRSTi se adhikAMza jaina-AcAryoM ne kAladravya ko eka nahIM, apitu aneka mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki dharma, adharma, AkAza kI taraha kAla eka aura akhaNDa dravya nahIM ho sktaa| kAla-dravya aneka haiM, kyoMki eka hI samaya meM vibhinna vyaktiyoM meM athavA dravyoM meM jo vibhinna paryAyoM kI utpati hotI hai, una sabakI utpatti kA nimitta-kAraNa eka hI kAla nahIM ho sakatA, ataH kAladravya ko aneka yA asaMkhyAta-pradezI dravya mAnanA hogaa| punaH, pratyeka padArtha kI bhUta, bhaviSya kI apekSA se ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM aura una ananta paryAyoM ke nimitta ananta kAlANu hoMge, ataH kAlANu ananta mAne gaye haiN| yahA~ yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki kAladravya ko asaMkhya kahA gayA, kintu kAlANu ananta mAne gaye- aisA kyoM.? isakA uttara yaha hai ki kAladravya lokAkAza taka sImita hai aura usakI isa sImitatA kI apekSA se use ananta-dravya na kahakara asakhyAta (sasIma) dravya kahA gayA, kintu jIva ananta hai aura una ananta jIvoM kI bhUta evaM bhaviSya kI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM, una ananta paryAyoM meM pratyeka kA nimitta eka kAlANu hotA hai, ataH kAlANu ananta mAne gye| sAmAnya avadhAraNA yaha hai ki pratyeka Atma-pradezoM, pudgala-paramANu aura AkAza-pradeza para ratnoM kI rAzi ke samAna kAlANu sthita rahate haiM, ataH

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-188 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-40 kAlANu ananta haiN| rAjavArtika Adi digambara-paramparA ke granthoM meM kAlANuoM ko anyonya praveza se rahita pRthaka-pRthak asaMcita dazA meM lokAkAza meM sthita mAnA gayA hai| kintu, kucha zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne isa mata kA virodha karate hue yaha bhI mAnA hai ki kAladravya eka evaM lokavyApI hai, vaha aNurUpa nahIM hai, kintu aisI sthiti meM kAla meM bhI pradeza-pracayatva mAnanA hogA aura pradeza-pracayatva mAnane para vaha bhI astikAya-varga ke antargata aa.jaayegaa| isake uttara meM yaha kahA gayA ki tiryak-pracayatva kA abhAva hone se kAla anastikAya hai| Urdhva-pracayatva evaM tiryaka-pracayatva kI carcA hama pUrva meM astikAya kI carcA ke antargata kara cuke haiN| sUkSmatA kI apekSA se kAlANuoM kI apekSA AkAza-pradeza aura AkAza-pradeza kI apekSA pudgala-paramANu adhika sUkSma mAne gaye haiN| kyoMki eka hI AkAza-pradeza meM ananta pudgala-paramANu samAhita ho sakate haiM, ataH ve sabase sUkSma haiN| isa prakAra, paramANu kI apekSA AMkAza-pradeza aura AkAza- pradeza kI apekSA kAlANu sthUla haiN| . saMkSepa meM, kAladravya meM vartanA-hetutva ke sAtha-sAtha acetanatva, amUrttatva, sUkSmatva Adi sAmAnya guNa bhI mAne gaye haiN| isI prakAra, utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya- lakSaNa, jo anya dravya meM haiM, ve bhI kAladravya meM pAye jAte haiN| kAladravya meM yadi utpAda, vyaya lakSaNa nahIM rahe, to vaha aparivartanazIla dravya hogA aura jo svataH aparivartanazIla ho, vaha dUsaroM ke parivartana meM nimitta nahIM ho sakegA, kintu kAla-dravya kA viziSTa lakSaNa to usakA varttanA nAmaka guNa hI hai, jisake mAdhyama se vaha anya sabhI dravyoM ke paryAya-parivartana meM nimitta kA kAraNa banakara kArya karatA hai| punaH, yadi kAladravya meM dhrauvyatva kA abhAva mAneMge, to usakA dravyatva samApta ho jAyegA, ataH use svatantra dravya mAnane para usameM utpAda, vyaya ke sAtha-sAtha dhrauvyatva bhI mAnanA hogaa| kAlacakra arddhamAgadhI Agama-sAhitya meM kAla kI carcA utsarpiNI-kAla aura avasarpiNI-kAla ke rUpa meM bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| inameM pratyeka ke

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-189 jaina- tattvamImAMsA -41 chaha-chaha vibhAga kiye jAte haiM, jinheM Are kahA jAtA hai| yaha chaha Are nimna haiM - 1. suSamA-suSamA, 2. suSamA, 3. suSamA-duSamA, 4.duSamA-suSamA, 5. duSamA aura 6. duSamA-duSamA / utsarpiNI-kAla meM inakA krama viparIta hotA hai| avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI-kAla milakara eka kAlacakra pUrA hotA hai| jainoM kI kAlacakra kI yaha kalpanA bauddha aura hindU-kAlacakra kI kalpanA se bhinna hai, kinta ina sabhI meM isa bAta ko lekara samAnatA hai ki ina sabhI kAlacakra ke vibhAjana kA AdhAra sukha-duHkha evaM manuSya ke naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI kSamatA ko banAyA hai| ___jainoM ke anusAra, utsarpiNI-kAla meM kramazaH vikAsa aura avasarpiNI-kAla meM kramaza: patana hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki kAlacakra kA pravartana jaMbUdvIpa ke bharata-kSetra Adi kucha vibhAgoM meM hI hotA hai| yadyapi nava tattvoM kI isa avadhAraNA meM jIva (AtmA) aura pudagala mahatvapUrNa haiM, ataH sarvaprathama ina donoM para thor3e vistAra se carcA kreNge| ina nava tattvoM meM se jIva aura ajIva ko chor3akara zeSa sAta tattva AtmA aura karma ke pArasparika sambandha ke sUcaka haiN| karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM kA AtmA kI ora AnA Asrava hai| una donoM kA sambandha bana jAnA hI bandha hai| azubha karmoM kA Asrava evaM bandha pApa hai aura zubha karmoM kA Asrava aura bandha puNyarUpa hai / AtmA aura karma-pudgaloM kA Agamana ruka jAnA saMvara hai, AtmA aura karma-pudgaloM kA sambandha viccheda honA nirjarA hai aura AtmA kA karmapudagaloM se pUrNataH sambandha viccheda ho jAnA mokSa hai / Age hama inhIM nava tattvoM kI carcA kreNge| nava tattva . jaina-AtmavAda kA vaiziSTya dharma aura naitikatA AtmA sambandhI dArzanika mAnyatAoM para adhiSThita rahate haiN| kisI bhI dharma evaM usakI naitika-vicAraNA ko usake AtmA sambandhI siddhAnta ke abhAva meM samucita rUpa se nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| mahAvIra ke dharma evaM naitika-siddhAntoM ke aucitya-sthApana ke pUrva unake AtmavAda kA aucitya-sthApana Avazyaka hai, sAtha hI, mahAvIra ke AtmavAda

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-190 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-42 ko samajhane ke lie unake samakAlIna vibhinna AtmavAdoM kA samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhI Avazyaka hai| yadyapi bhAratIya AtmavAdoM ke sambandha meM vartamAna yuga meM zrI e.sI. mukarjI ne apanI pustaka 'The Nature of Self' evaM zrI esa.ke. saksenA ne apanI pustaka 'Nature of Conciousness in Hindu Philosophy' meM vicAra kiyA hai, lekina unhoMne mahAvIra ke samakAlIna AtmavAdoM para samucita rUpa se koI vicAra nahIM kiyA hai| zrI dharmAnanda kauzAmbIjI dvArA apanI pustaka 'bhagavAn buddha' meM yadyapi isa prakAra kA eka laghu prayAsa avazya kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI isa sambandha meM eka vyavasthita adhyayana Avazyaka hai| pAzcAtya evaM kucha Adhunika bhAratIya-vicArakoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki mahAvIra evaM buddha ke samakAlIna vicArakoM meM AtmavAda-sambandhI koI nizcita darzana nahIM thaa| tatkAlIna sabhI brAhmaNa aura zramaNa-matavAda kevala naitika-vicAraNAoM evaM karmakANDIya-vyavasthAoM ko prastuta karate the| sambhavataH, isa dhAraNA kA AdhAra tatkAlIna aupaniSadika-sAhitya hai, jisameM AtmavAda sambandhI vibhinna parikalpanAeM kisI eka AtmavAdI-siddhAnta ke vikAsa ke nimitta saMkalita kI jA rahI thiiN| upaniSadoM kA AtmavAda vibhinna zramaNa-paramparAoM ke AtmavAdI-siddhAntoM se spaSTa rUpa se prabhAvita hai| upaniSadoM meM AtmA-sambandhI paraspara viparIta dhAraNAeM jisa bIja rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM, ve isa tathya kI puSTi meM sabala pramANa haiN| hA~, ina vibhinna AtmavAdoM ko brahma kI dhAraNA meM saMyojita karane kA prayAsa unakA apanA maulika hai| lekina, yaha mAna lenA ki mahAvIra athavA buddha ke samakAlIna vicArakoM meM AtmAsambandhI dArzanika-siddhAnta the hI nahIM, eka bhrAnta dhAraNA hai| - merI yaha spaSTa dhAraNA hai ki mahAvIra ke samakAlIna vibhinna vicArakoM meM AtmavAda sambandhI vibhinna dhAraNAeM vidyamAna thiiN| koI use sUkSma kahatA thA, to koI use vibhu| kisI ke anusAra AtmA nitya thI, to koI use kSaNika mAnatA thaa| kucha vicAraka use (AtmA ko) kartA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-191 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-43 mAnate the, to kucha use niSkriya evaM kUTastha mAnate the| inhIM vibhinna AtmavAdoM kI apUrNatA evaM kisI naitika-vyavasthA ko prastuta karane kI akSamatAoM ke kAraNa hI tIna naye vicAra sAmane Aye- eka ora thAupaniSadoM kA sarva-AtmavAda yA brahmavAda, dUsarI ora thA- buddha kA anAtmavAda aura tIsarI vicAraNA thI- jaina-AtmavAda kI, jisane ina vibhinna AtmavAdoM ko eka jagaha samanvita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| ina vibhinna AtmavAdoM kI samAlocanA ke pUrva inake astitva-sambandhI pramANa prastuta kiye jAne Avazyaka haiN| bauddha pAli tripiTaka, akRta jainAgama evaM upaniSadoM ke vibhinna prasaMga isa saMdarbha meM kucha tathya prastuta karate haiN| bauddha pAli tripiTaka ke antargata suttapiTaka meM, dIghanikAya ke brahmajAlasutta meM evaM majjhimanikAya ke cUla sAroputta sutta meM ina AtmavAdoM ke sambandha meM kucha jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| yadyapi uparyukta suttoM meM hameM jo jAnakArI prApta hotI hai, vaha bAhyataH naitika-AcAra-sambandhI pratIta hotI hai, lekina yaha jisa rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai, use dekhakara hameM gahana vivecanA meM utaranA hotA hai, jo antatogatvA hameM kisI AtmavAda-sambandhI dArzanika-nirNaya para pahu~cA detI hai| pAli tripiTaka meM buddha ke samakAlIna ina AcAryoM ko jahA~ eka ora gaNAdhipati, gaNa ke AcArya, prasiddha, yazasvI, tIrthakara tathA bahujanoM dvArA susammata kahA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora, unake naitika-siddhAntoM ko itane garhita evaM nindya rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhAraNa buddhi vAlA manuSya bhI inakI ora AkRSTa nahIM ho sktaa| ataH, yaha svAbhAvika rUpa se zaMkA upasthita hotI hai ki kyA aisI nindya naitikatA kA upadeza dene vAlA vyakti lokasammAnita dharmAcArya ho sakate haiM, lokapUjita ho sakate haiM? - yahI nahIM ki ye AcAryagaNa lokapUjita hI the, varan ve AdhyAtmika-vikAsa ke nimitta vibhinna sAdhanAeM bhI karate the, unake ziSya evaM upAsaka bhI the| uparyukta tathya kisI niSpakSa gahana vicAraNA kI apekSA rakhate haiM, jo isake pIche rahe hue satya kA udghATana kara ske| ... merI vinamra sammati meM uparyukta vicArakoM kI naitika-vicAraNA ko jisa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, use dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-192 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-44 vaha una vicArakoM kI naitika-vicAraNA nahIM hai, varan unake AtmavAda yA anya dArzanika- mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para nikAlA huA naitika-niSkarSa hai, jo virodhI pakSa ke dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jainAgamoM, jaise- sUtra.tAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatIsUtra), uttarAdhyayana Adi meM bhI kucha aise sthala haiM, jinake AdhAra para tatkAlIna AtmavAdoM ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaidika- sAhitya meM prAcInatama upaniSad chAndogya aura bRhadAraNyaka haiM, unameM bhI tatkAlIna AtmavAdoM ke sambandha meM kucha jAnakArI upalabdha hotI hai| kaThopaniSada evaM gItA meM bhI ina vibhinna AtmavAdI dhAraNAoM kA prabhAva yatra-tatra yatheSTa rUpa meM dekhane ko mila sakatA hai| .. vistArabhaya se yahA~ ukta sabhI granthoM ke vibhinna saMketoM ke AdhAra para unase pratiphalita hone vAle AtmavAdoM kI vicAraNA sambhava nahIM hai, ataH hama yahA~ kucha AtmavAdoM kA vargIta rUpa meM mAtra saMkSipta adhyayana hI kreNge| inakA vistRta aura pUrNa adhyayana to svatantra gaveSaNA kA viSaya hai| isa dRSTi se hamAre adhyayana meM nimna vargIkaraNa sahAyaka ho sakatA hai1- nitya yA zAzvata AtmavAda, 2- anitya-AtmavAda, uccheda-AtmavAda, yA dehAtmavAda, 3- kUTastha-AtmavAda, akriya-AtmavAda yA niyativAda, 4- pariNAmI AtmavAda, Atma-kartRtvavAda yA puruSArthavAda, 5- sUkSma-AtmavAda, 6- vibhu-AtmavAda, 7- anAtmavAda, 8- sarva-AtmavAda yA brhmvaad| prastuta nibandha meM uparyukta sabhI AtmavAdoM kA vivecana sambhava nahIM hai, dUsare, anAtmavAda aura sarva AtmavAda ke siddhAnta kramazaH bauddha aura vedAnta-paramparA meM vikasita hue haiM, jo kAphI vistRta haiM, sAtha hI loka-prasiddha haiM, ataH unakA vivecana yahA~ prastuta nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pariNAmI AtmavAda kA siddhAnta svatantra rUpa se jainoM ke atirikta kisakA thA, yaha jJAta nahIM ho skaa| prastuta prayAsa meM ina vibhinna

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-193 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-45 AtmavAdoM ke vargIkaraNa meM mukhyataH eka sthUla dRSTi rakhI gaI hai aura isI hetu kUTasthaAtmavAda, niyativAda ko evaM pariNAmI AtmavAda aura puruSArthavAda ko mahAvIra ke AtmavAda kA mukhya aMga mAna liyA gayA hai| phira bhI, mahAvIra kA Atma-darzana samanvayAtmaka hai, ataH unake Atma-darzana ko ekAnta rUpa se usa varga meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai| anitya-AtmavAda mahAvIra ke samakAlIna vicArakoM meM isa anityAtmavAda kA pratinidhitva ajitakezakambala karate haiN| isa dhAraNA ke anusAra, AtmA yA caitanya isa zarIra ke sAtha utpanna hotA hai aura isake naSTa ho jAne ke sAtha hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| unake darzana evaM naitika-siddhAntoM ko bauddha-tripiTaka-sAhitya meM isa prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai - - dAna, yajJa, hakna vyartha haiM, sukRta-duSkRta karmoM kA phala vipAka nhiiN| yaha loka-paraloka nhiiN| mAtA-pitA nahIM, devatA nahIM .... | AdamI cAra mahAbhUtoM kA banA hai, jaba maratA hai, taba (zarIra kI) pRthvI pRthvI meM, pAnI pAnI meM, Aga Aga meM aura vAyu vAyu meM mila jAtI hai...... dAna mUroM kA upadeza hai.... mUrkha ho cAhe paNDita, zarIra chor3ane para ucchinna ho jAte haiN| __bAhya-rUpa se dekhane para arjita kI yaha dhAraNA svArtha-sukhavAda kI naitika-dhAraNA ke samAna pratIta hotI hai aura usakA darzana yA AtmavAda bhautikavAdI parilakSita hotA hai, lekina punaH yahA~ yaha zaMkA upasthita hotI hai ki yadi ajitakezakambala naitika-dhAraNA meM sukhavAdI aura unakA darzana bhautikavAdI thA, to phira vaha svayaM sAdhanA-mArga aura deha-daNDana ke patha kA anugAmI kyoM thA, usane kisa hetu zramaNoM evaM upAsakoM kA saMgha banAyA thaa| yadi usakI naitikatA bhogavAdI thI, to use svayaM saMnyAsa-mArga kA pathika nahIM bananA thA, na usake saMgha meM saMnyAsI yA gRhatyAgI-varga kA sthAna hI honA thaa| . sambhavataH, vastusthiti aisI pratIta hotI hai ki ajita dArzanika-dRSTi se anityavAdI thA, jagat kI parivartanazIlatA para hI usakA jora thaa| vaha loka, paraloka, devatA, AtmA Adi kisI bhI tattva ko nitya nahIM mAnatA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-194 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-46 thaa| usakA yaha kahanA- "yaha loka nahIM, paraloka nahIM, mAtA-pitA nahIM, devatA nahIM...' kevala isI artha kA dyotaka hai ki ina sabhI kI zAzvata sattA nahIM hai, sabhI anitya haiN| vaha AtmA ko bhI anitya mAnatA thA aura isI AdhAra para yaha kahA gayA ki usakI naitika-dhAraNA meM sukRta aura duSkRta karmoM kA vipAka nhiiN| __ pazcima meM yUnAnI- dArzanika herAkliTaksa (535 I.pU.) bhI isI kA samakAlIna thA aura vaha bhI anityavAdI hI thaa| ... sambhavataH, ajita bhI nitya-AtmavAda ke AdhAra para naitikatA kI dhAraNA ko sthApita karane meM utpanna hone vAlI dArzanika-kaThinAIyoM se avagata thA, kyoMki nitya-AtmavAda ke AdhAra para hiMsA kI burAI ko samApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi AtmA nitya hai, to phira hiMsA kisakI? ataH ajita ne yajJa, yAga evaM yuddha-janita hiMsA se mAnava-jAti . ko mukta karane ke lie anitya-AtmavAda kA upadeza diyA hogaa| . sAtha hI, aisA bhI pratIta hotA hai ki vaha tRSNA aura Asakti se utpanna hone vAle sAMsArika-klezoM se bhI mAnava-jAti ko mukta karanA cAhatA thA aura isI hetu usane gRha-tyAga aura deha-daNDana, jisase Atma-sukha aura bhautika-sukha kI vibhinnatA ko samajhA jA sake, ko bhI Avazyaka mAnA thaa| isa prakAra, ajita kA darzana Atma-anityavAda kA darzana hai aura usakI naitikatA hai- Atma-sukha (nairamabajapaama csameMnatama) kI uplbdhi| sambhavataH, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki buddha ne apane anAtmavAdI-darzana ke nirmANa meM ajita kA yaha anitya-AtmavAda apanA liyA thA aura usakI naitika-dhAraNA meM se deha-daNDana kI praNAlI ko samApta kara diyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ajita kI yaha dArzanika-paramparA buddha kI dArzanika-paramparA ke prArambha hone para vilupta ho gii| buddha ke darzana ne ajita ke anityavAdI Atma-siddhAnta ko AtmasAt kara liyA aura usakI naitika-dhAraNA ko pariSkRta kara use hI eka naye rUpa meM prastuta kara diyaa| anitya-AtmavAda ke sambandha meM jainAgama uttarAdhyayana ke 14 veM

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-195 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-47 adhyayana kI 18 vIM gAthA meM bhI vivecana prApta hotA hai, jahA~ yaha batAyA gayA ki yaha AtmA zarIra meM usI prakAra rahatI hai, jaise tila meM tela, araNI meM agni yA dUdha meM ghRta rahatA hai aura isa zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne ke sAtha hI vaha naSTa ho jAtI hai| __ aupaniSadika-sAhitya meM kaThopaniSada kI prathama vallI ke adhyAya1 ke 20veM zloka meM naciketA bhI yaha rahasya jAnanA cAhatA hai ki AtmanityatAvAda aura Atma-anityatAvAda meM kaunasI dhAraNA satya hai aura kaunasI asatya? ___isa prakAra, yaha to nirdhAnta rUpa se satya hai ki mahAvIra ke samakAlIna vicArakoM meM Atma-anityatAvAda ko mAnane vAle kucha vicAraka the, lekina vaha anityaM-AtmavAda bhautika-AtmavAda nahIM, varan dArzanika-anitya-AtmavAda thaa| unake mAnane vAle vicAraka Adhunika sukhavAdI vicArakoM ke samAna bhautika- sukhavAdI nahIM the, varan ve Atma-zAnti evaM AsaktinAza yA tRSNAkSaya ke hetu prayAsazIla the| . aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ajita kA darzana aura dharma (naitikatA) bauddhadarzana evaM dharma kI pUrva- kar3I thaa| bauddhoM ne usake darzana kI jo AlocanA kI thI athavA usake darzana ke jo naitika-niSkarSa prastuta kiye the ki duSkRta evaM sukRta karmoM kA vipAka nahIM haiM, ve ekAntataH satya nahIM haiM, yahI AlocanA to kAla-krama meM bauddha- AtmavAda ko kRtapraNAza evaM akRta-karmabhoga ke doSa se yukta kahakara hemacandrAcArya ne prastuta kii| . anitya-AtmavAda kI dhAraNA naitika dRSTi se ucita nahIM baiThatI, kyoMki usake AdhAra para karma-vipAka yA karma-phala ke siddhAnta ko nahIM samajhAyA jA sktaa| samasta zubhAzubha karmoM kA pratiphala tatkAla prApta nahIM hotA, ataH karma-phala kI dhAraNA ke lie nitya-AtmavAda kI ora AnA hotA hai| dUsare, anitya AtmavAda kI dhAraNA meM puNya-saMcaya, paropakAra, dAna Adi ke naitika- AdarzoM kA bhI koI artha nahIM raha jAtA hai| nityakUTastha AtmavAda . vartamAna dArzanika-paramparAoM meM bhI aneka isa siddhAnta ke samarthaka haiM ki AtmA kUTastha (niSkriya) evaM nitya hai, sAMkhya aura vedAnta bhI isake

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-196 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-48 samarthaka haiN| jina vicArakoM ne AtmA ko kUTastha mAnA hai, unhoMne use nitya bhI mAnA hai, ataH hamane bhI apane vivecana hetu nitya-AtmavAda aura kUTastha-AtmavAda- donoM ko samanvita rUpa se eka hI sAtha rakhA hai| mahAvIra ke samakAlIna kUTastha-nitya AtmavAda ke pratinidhi pUrNakazyapa the| pUrNakazyapa ke siddhAntoM kA citraNa bauddha-sAhitya meM isa prakAra se hai- agara koI kriyA kare, karAye, kATe, kaTavAye, kaSTa de yA dilAye, corI kare, prANiyoM ko mAra DAle, paradAra gamana kare yA asatya bole, to bhI use pApa nhiiN| tIkSNa dhAra vAle cakra se yadi koI isa saMsAra ke prANiyoM ke mA~sa kA Dhera lagA de, to bhI use koI pApa nahIM hai, doSa nahIM hai- dAna, dharma aura satya-bhASaNa se koI puNya prApti nahIM hotii| isa dhAraNA ko dekhakara sahaja hI zaMkA hotI hai ki isa prakAra kA upadeza dene vAlA koI yazasvI, lokasammAnita vyakti nahIM ho sakatA, varan koI dhUrta hogA, lekina pUrNakazyapa eka lokapUjita zAstA the, ataH yaha nizcita hai ki aisA anaitika dRSTikoNa unakA nahIM ho sakatA, yaha unake AtmavAda kA naitika-phalita hogA, jo virodhI ranTakoNa vAle logoM dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI isameM itanI satyatA avazya hogI ki pUrNakazyapa AtmA ko akriya mAnate the| vastutaH, unakI Atma-akriyatA kI dhAraNA kA uparyukta niSkarSa nikAlakara unake virodhiyoM ne unake mata ko vikRta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| __ aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pUrNakazyapa ke isa Atma-akriyavAda ko usake pazcAt kapila ke sAMkhyadarzana aura bhagavadgItA meM bhI apanA liyA gayA thaa| kapila aura bhagavadgItA kA kAla lagabhaga 400 I.pU. mAnA jAtA hai aura isa AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki ye darzana pUrNakazyapa ke Atma-akriyavAda se avazya prabhAvita hue hoNge| kapila ke darzana meM Atma-akriyavAda ke sAtha hI Izvara kA abhAva isa bAta kA sabala pramANa hai ki vaha kisI avaidika-zramaNa- paramparA ke darzana se prabhAvita thA aura vaha darzana pUrNakazyapa kA Atma-akriyavAda kA darzana hI hogA, kyoMki usameM bhI Izvara ke lie koI sthAna nahIM thaa| sAMkhya- darzana bhI AtmA ko triguNayukta pra.ti se bhinna mAnatA hai aura mAranA, maravAnA Adi sabhI

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-197 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-49 ko pra.ti kA pariNAma mAnatA hai| AtmA isa sabase prabhAvita nahIM hotI hai| vaha yaha bhI nahIM mAnatA hai ki AtmA ko naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmA bandhana meM nahIM AtA, varan pra.ti hI pra.ti ko bAMdhatI hai, ataH zubhAzubha kAryoM kA prabhAva bhI AtmA para nahIM pdd'taa| isa prakAra, pUrNakazyapa kA darzana kapila ke darzana kA pUrvavartI thaa| isI prakAra, gItA meM bhI pUrNakazyapa ke isa Atma-akriyavAda kI pratidhvani yatra-tatra sunAI detI hai, jo sAMkhyadarzana ke mAdhyama se usa taka pahuMcI thii| sthAnAbhAva se hama yahA~ una saba pramANoM ko prastuta karane meM asamartha haiN| pAThakagaNa ullikhita sthAnoM para unheM dekha sakate haiN| ___ uparyukta saMdarbho ke AdhAra para bauddha-sAhitya meM prastuta pUrNakazyapa ke dRSTikoNa ko eka sahI dRSTikoNa se samajhA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI isa bAta se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki uparyukta Atma-akriyavAda kI dhAraNA naitika-siddhAntoM ke sthApana meM tArkika-dRSTi se upayukta nahIM ThaharatI hai| yadi AtmA akriya hai, vaha kisI kriyA kA kartA nahIM hai, to phira vaha zubhAzubha kAryoM kA uttaradAyI bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| svayaM pra. ti bhI cetanA evaM zubhAzubha ke viveka ke abhAva meM uttaradAyI nahIM bntii| isa prakAra, Atma-akriyavAda ke siddhAnta meM uttaradAyitva kI dhAraNA ko adhiSThita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura uttaradAyitva ke abhAva meM naitikatA, kartavya, dharma Adi kA mUlya zUnyavat ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, Atma-akriyatAvAda sAmAnya buddhi kI dRSTi se evaM naitika-niyamoM ke sthApana kI dRSTi se anupayogI ThaharatA hai, phira bhI dArzanika-dRSTi se isakA kucha mUlya hai, kyoMki svabhAvatayA AtmA ko akriya mAne binA mokSa evaM nirvANa kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM thii| yahI kAraNa thA ki Atma-akriyatAvAda yA kUTastha-nitya-AtmavAda kA prabhAva dArzanika-vicAraNA para banA rhaa| niSkriya AtmavikAsavAda evaM niyativAda . Atma-akriyatAvAda yA kUTastha AtmavAda kI eka dhArA niyativAda bhI thii| yadi AtmA akriya hai evaM kUTastha hai, to puruSArthavAda ke dvArA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-198 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-50 AtmavikAsa evaM nirvANa-prApti kI dhAraNA ko nahIM samajhAyA jA sakatA thaa| ___ makkhalIputra gozAlaka, jo AjIvaka-sampradAya kA pramukha thApUrNakazyapa kI Atma-akriyatAvAda kI dhAraNA kA to samarthaka thA, lekina akriya-AtmavAda ke kAraNa vaha Atma-vikAsa kI paramparA ko vyakta karane meM asamartha thA, ataH nimna yoni se Atma-vikAsa kI uccatama sthiti nirvANa ko prApta karane ke lie usane niSkriya Atma-vikAsavAda ke siddhAnta ko sthApita kiyaa| sAmAnyatayA, usake siddhAnta ko niyaMtivAda kiMvA bhAgyavAda kahA gayA hai, lekina merI dRSTi meM usa siddhAnta ko niSkriya Atma-vikAsavAda kahA jAnA hI adhika samucita hai| ___ aisA pratIta hotA hai ki gozAlaka bhI usa yuga kA prabuddha vyakti thA, usane apane AjIvaka-sampradAya meM pUrNakazyapa ke sampradAya ko bhI zAmila kara liyA thaa| prArambha meM usane bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha apanI sAdhanA-paddhati ko prArambha kiyA thA, lekina unase vaicArika matabheda hone para usane pUrNakazyapa ke sampradAya se milakara AjIvaka-sampradAya sthApita kara liyA hogA, jisakA darzana evaM siddhAnta pUrNakazyapa kI dhAraNAoM se. prabhAvita the, to sAdhanA-mArga kA bAhya- svarUpa mahAvIra kI sAdhanA-paddhati se prabhAvita thaa| bauddha-tripiTaka evaM jainAgama-donoM meM hI usakI vicAraNA kA kucha svarUpa prApta hotA hai| yadyapi usakA prastutikaraNa eka virodhI pakSa ke dvArA huA hai, yaha tathya dhyAna meM rakhanA hogaa| . ___gozAlaka kI vicAraNA kA svarUpa pAli Agama meM nimnAnusAra hai hetu ke binA- prANI apavitra hotA hai, hetu ke binA- prANI zuddha hote haiM- puruSa kI sAmarthya se kucha nahIM hotA- sarva satva sarva prANI, sarvabhUta, sarvajIva, avaza, durbala, nivIrya haiM, ve niyati (bhAgya), saMgati evaM svabhAva ke kAraNa pariNita hote haiN| isake Age usakI naitikatA kI dhAraNA ko pUrvokta prakAra se bhraSTa rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai, jo vizvasanIya nahIM mAnI jA sktii| uparyukta AdhAra para usakI dhAraNA kA sAra yahI hai ki AtmA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-199 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-51 niSkriya hai, avIrya hai, isakA vikAsa svabhAvataH hotA rahatA hai| vibhinna yoniyoM meM hotA huA yaha jIvAtmA apanA vikAsa karatA hai aura nirvANa yA mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| lekina, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki naitika-dRSTi se vaha vyakti ko apanI sthiti ke anusAra karttavya karane kA upadeza detA thA, anyathA vaha svayaM bhI nagna rahanA Adi deha-khaNDana ko kyoM svIkAra karatA? jisa prakAra bAda meM gItA meM apanI-apanI sthiti ke anusAra kartavya karane kA upadeza diyA gayA thaa| vartamAna yuga meM breDale ne (Mystation and its dutil) samAja meM apanI sthiti ke anusAra karttavya karane ke naitika-siddhAnta ko pratipAdita kiyA, usI prakAra vaha cha: abhijAtiyoM (vargoM) ko unakI sthiti ke anusAra kartavya karane kA upadeza detA hogA aura yaha mAnatA hogA ki AtmA apanI abhijAtiyoM ke karttavya kA pAlana karate hue svataH vikAsa kI kramika gati se Age bar3hatA rahatA hai| . pAramArthika-dRSTi se yA tArkika-dRSTi se niyativAdI vicAraNA kA cAhe kucha mUlya rahA ho, lekina naitika-vivecanA meM niyativAda adhika saphala nahIM ho paayaa| naitika-vivecanA meM icchA-svAtantrya (Free-Will) kI dhAraNA Avazyaka hai, jabaki niyativAda meM usakA koI sthAna nahIM rahatA hai, phira dArzanika dRSTi se bhI niyativAdI tathA svataH vikAsavAdI dhAraNAeM bhI nirdoSa hoM- aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai| nityakUTastha-sUkSma-AtmavAda buddha kA samakAlIna eka vicArakaM pakudhakaccAyana AtmA ko nitya aura kUTastha (akriya) mAnane ke sAtha hI use sUkSma mAnatA thaa| 'brahmajAlasutta' ke anusAra usakA dRSTikoNa isa prakAra kA thA - sAta padArtha kisI ke- bane hue nahIM haiM (nitya haiM), ve to avadhya kUTastha- acala haiN| - jo koI tIkSNa zastra se kisI kA sira kATa DAlatA hai, vaha usakA prANa nahIM letaa| basa itanA hI samajhanA cAhie ki sAta padArthoM ke bIca avakAza meM usakA zastra ghusa gayA hai| isa prakAra, isa dhAraNA ke anusAra AtmA nitya aura kUTastha to thI hI, sAtha hI sUkSma aura achedya bhI thii| pakudhakaccAyana kI isa dhAraNA ke

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-200 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-52 tattva upaniSadoM tathA gItA meM bhI pAye jAte haiN| upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko jau, sarasoM yA cAvala ke dAne se sUkSma mAnA gayA hai tathA gItA meM use achedya, abadhya kahA gayA hai| sUkSma-AtmavAda kI dhAraNA bhI dArzanika-dRSTi se aneka doSoM se pUrNa hai, ataH bAda meM isa dhAraNA meM kAphI pariSkAra huA hai| mahAvIra kA AtmavAda - yadi uparyukta AtmavAdoM kA tArkika-vargIkaraNa kiyA jAye, to hama unake chaha varga banA sakate haiM (1) anitya AtmavAda yA uccheda-AtmavAda, (2) nitya-AtmavAda yA zAzvata-AtmavAda, (3) kUTastha-AtmavAda yA niSkriya-AtmavAda evaM niyativAda, (4) pariNAmI-AtmavAda yA kartA-AtmavAda yA puruSArthavAda, (5) sUkSma-AtmavAda, (6) vibhu-AtmavAda (yahI bAda meM upaniSadoM kA sarvAtmavAda yA brahmavAda banA hai)| ____ mahAvIra anekAntavAdI the, sAtha hI ve ina vibhinna AtmavAdoM kI dArzanika evaM naitika-kamajoriyoM ko bhI jAnate rahe hoMge, ataH unhoMne apane AtmavAda ko inameM se kisI bhI siddhAnta ke sAtha nahIM baaNdhaa| unakA AtmavAda inameM se kisI bhI eka varga ke antargata nahIM AtA, varan unakA AtmavAda ina sabakA eka sundara samanvaya hai| ___AcArya hemacandra ne apane vItarAgastotra meM ekAMtanitya-AtmavAda aura ekAnta-anitya-AtmavAda ke doSoM kA digdarzana karAte hue batAyA hai ki vItarAga kA darzana ina donoM ke doSoM se mukta hai| vistArabhaya se yahA~ nitya- AtmavAda aura anitya-AtmavAda tathA kUTastha-AtmavAda yA apariNAmI AtmavAda ke doSoM kI vivecanA meM na par3akara hameM kevala yahI dekhanA hai ki mahAvIra ne ina vibhinna AtmavAdoM kA kisa rUpa se samanvaya kiyA hai (1) nityatA- AtmA apane astitva kI dRSTi se sadaiva rahatA hai

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-201 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-53 arthAt nitya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, AtmA tattva-rUpa se nitya hai, zAzvata hai| (2) anityatA- AtmA paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya hai| AtmA ke eka samaya meM jo paryAya rahate haiM, ve dUsare samaya meM nahIM rahate haiN| AtmA kI yaha anityatA vyAvahArika-dRSTi se hai, baddhAtmA meM paryAya-parivartana ke kAraNa anityatva kA guNa bhI rahatA hai| (3) kUTasthatA- svalakSaNa kI dRSTi se AtmA kartA yA bhoktA athavA pariNamanazIla nahIM hai| (4) pariNAmIpana yA kartRtva- sabhI baddhAtmAe~ karmoM kI kartA aura bhoktA haiN| yaha eka Akasmika guNa hai, jo karma-pudgaloM ke saMyoga se utpanna hotA hai| (5-6) sUkSmatA tathA vibhutA- AtmA saMkocI evaM vikAsazIla hai| Atma-pradeza ghanIbhUta hokara itane sUkSma ho jAte haiM ki Agamika-dRSTi se eka sUcikAgra bhAga para asaMkhya AtmA sazarIra nivAsa karatI haiN| talavAra kI sUkSma tIkSNa dhAra bhI sUkSma ekendriya jIvoM ke zarIra taka ko naSTa nahIM kara sktii| vibhutA kI dRSTi se eka hI AtmA ke pradeza yadi prasArita hoM, to samasta loka ko vyApta kara sakate haiN| . isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki mahAvIra kA AtmavAda tatkAlIna vibhinna AtmavAdoM kA sundara samanvaya hai| yahI nahIM, varana vaha samanvaya isa prakAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki sabhI prakAra kI AtmavAdI dhArAeM apane-apane doSoM se mukta ho-hokara yahA~ Akara mila jAtI haiN| hemacandra isa samanvaya kI aucityatA ko eka sundara udAharaNa dvArA prastuta karate haiM - guDo hi kapha hetuHsyAt nAgaraM pittkaarnnm| dvayAtmani na doSosti guDanAgarabheSaje / / jisa prakAra gur3a kaphajanaka aura sauMTha pittajanaka hai, lekina donoM ke samanvaya meM yaha doSa nahIM rahate, isI prakAra se vibhinna AtmavAda pRthak-pRthak rUpa se naitika athavA dArzanika doSoM se grasta haiM, lekina mahAvIra dvArA kiye gaye isa samanvaya meM ve sabhI apane-apane doSoM se mukta ho jAte haiN| yahI mahAvIra ke AtmavAda kI aucityatA hai| yahI unakA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-202 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-54 vaiziSTya hai| dravya, guNa evaM paryAya aura unakA saha sambandha dravya kI paribhASA : jaina-paramparA meM sat ko dravya kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai, phira bhI usameM sat ke sthAna para 'dravya' hI pramukha rahA hai| AgamoM meM sat ke sthAna para 'astikAya' aura 'dravya'- ina do zabdoM kA hI prayoga dekhA gayA hai| jo astikAya haiM, ve dravya hI haiN| sarvaprathama dravya. kI paribhASA uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM hai| usameM 'guNAnAM Asavo davyo' (28/6) kahakara guNoM ke Azraya-sthala ko dravya kahA gayA hai| isa paribhASA meM dravya kA sambandha guNoM se mAnA gayA hai, kintu isake pUrva gAthA meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki dravya, guNa aura paryAya-sabhI ko jAnanevAlA jJAna hai (uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/5) / usameM yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki guNa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM aura paryAya guNa aura dravya-donoM ke Azrita rahatI hai| isa . paribhASA kA tulanAtmaka-dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama yaha pAte haiM ki isameM dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM Azraya-AzrayI-sambandha mAnA gayA hai| yaha paribhASA bhedavAdI nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana ke nikaTa hai| dravya kI dUsarI paribhASA 'guNAnAM samUho davvo' ke rUpa meM bhI kI gayI hai| isa paribhASA kA samarthana tattvArthasatra kI 'sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka TIkA (2/2/pa. 267/4) meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne kiyA hai| isameM dravya ko 'guNoM kA samudAya' kahA gayA hai| jahA~ prathama paribhASA dravya aura guNa meM Azraya-AzrayI-sambandha ke dvArA bheda kA saMketa karatI hai, vahA~ yaha dUsarI paribhASA guNa aura dravya meM abheda sthApita karatI hai| tulanAtmaka-dRSTi se vicAra karane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki prathama paribhASA bauddha-paramparA ke dravya-lakSaNa ke adhika samIpa pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki dUsarI paribhASA ke anusAra guNoM se pRthak dravya kA koI astitva nahIM mAnA gyaa| isa dvitIya paribhASA meM guNoM ke samudAya yA skandha ko hI dravya kahA gayA hai| yaha paribhASA guNoM se pRthak dravya kI sattA na mAnakara guNoM ke samudAya ko hI dravya mAna letI hai| isa prakAra, yadyapi ye donoM hI paribhASAeM jaina-cintana-dhArA meM hI vikasita haiM, kintu eka para vaizeSika-darzana kA aura dUsarI para bauddhadarzana kA prabhAva hai| ye donoM paribhASAeM jainadarzana kI

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-203 jaina - tattvamImAMsA-55 anaikAntika-dRSTi kA pUrNa paricaya nahIM detIM, kyoMki eka meM dravya aura guNa meM bheda mAnA gayA hai, to dUsarI meM abheda, jabaki jaina-dRSTikoNa bheda-abhedamUlaka hai| umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra ke sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha meM 'sat dravya lakSaNam (5/29) kahakara sat ko dravya kA lakSaNa mAnA hai, jo astitvarUpa hai| jo astittvavAn hai, vahI dravya hai| isI AdhAra para yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo trikAla meM apane svabhAva kA parityAga na kare, use hI sat yA dravya kahA jA sakatA hai| tattvArthasUtra (5/29) meM umAsvAti ne eka ora dravya kA lakSaNa sat batAyA, to dUsarI ora, sat ko utpAda-vyaya-dhauvyAtmaka batAyA, ataH dravya ko bhI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai, sAtha hI, umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra (5/38) meM dravya ko paribhASita karate hue use guNa, paryAya se yukta bhI kahA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne 'paMcAstikAyasAra' aura 'pravacanasAra' meM inhIM donoM lakSaNoM ko milAkara dravya ko paribhASita kiyA hai| paMcAstikAyasAra' (10) meM ve kahate hai- "dravya sata lakSaNa vAlA hai|" isI paribhASA ko aura spaSTa karate hue pravacanasAra (95-96) meM ve kahate haiM- "jo aparityakta svabhAva vAlA utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta tathA guNa paryAya sahita hai, use dravya kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, kuMdakuMda ne dravya kI paribhASA ke sandarbha meM umAsvAti ke sabhI lakSaNoM ko svIkAra kara liyA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne 'guNa paryAyavat dravyam' kahakara jainadarzana ke bheda-abhedavAda ko puSTa kiyA hai| yadyapi tattvArthasUtra meM dravya kI yaha paribhASA bhI vaizeSika-sUtra ke dravyaguNakarmabhyo'rthAntaraM sa sattA (1/2/8) nAmaka sUtra ke nikaTa hI siddha hotI hai| umAsvAti ne isa sUtra meM karma ke sthAna para paryAya ko rakha diyA hai| jainadarzana se sat sambandhI siddhAnta kI carcA meM hama yaha spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki dravya yA sattA parivartanazIla hokara bhI nitya hai| pariNamana- yaha dravya kA AdhArabhUta lakSaNa hai, kintu isakI prakriyA meM dravya apane svarUpa kA parityAga nahIM karatA hai| sva-svarUpa kA parityAga kiye binA vibhinna avasthAoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa hI dravya ko nitya kahA jAtA hai, kintu pratikSaNa utpanna hone vAle aura naSTa hone vAle paryAyoM kI apekSA se use anitya

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-204 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-56 kahA jAtA hai| use isa prakAra bhI samajhAyA jA sakatA hai ki mRttikA apane sva-jAtIya dharma kA parityAga kiye binA ghaTa Adi ko utpanna karatI hai| ghaTa kI utpatti meM piNDa kA vinAza hotA hai| jaba taka piNDa vinaSTa nahIM hotA, taba taka ghaTa utpanna nahIM hotA, kintu isa utpAda aura vyaya meM bhI mRttikA-lakSaNa yathAvat banA rahatA hai| vastutaH, koI bhI dravya apane sva-lakSaNa, sva-svabhAva athavA sva-jAtIya dharma kA parityAga nahIM karatA hai| dravya apane guNa yA sva-lakSaNa kI apekSA se nitya hotA hai, kyoMki sva-lakSaNa kA tyAga sambhava nahIM hai| yaha sva-lakSaNa hI vastu kA nitya-pakSa hotA hai| sva-lakSaNa kA tyAga kiye binA vastu jina vibhinna avasthAoM ko prApta hotI hai, vaha paryAya kahalAtI haiN| parivartanazIla paryAya hI dravya kA anitya-pakSa hai| isa prakAra, hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki dravya apane sva-lakSaNa yA guNa kI apekSA se nitya aura apanI paryAya kI apekSA se anitya kahA jAtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, jIvadravya apane caitanya-guNa kA kabhI parityAga nahIM karatA, kintu apane cetanA-lakSaNa kA parityAga kiye binA vaha deva, manuSya, pazu- ina vibhinna yoniyoM ko athavA bAlaka, yuvA, vRddha Adi avasthAoM ko prApta hotA hai| jina guNoM kA parityAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, ve hI guNa vastu ke sva-lakSaNa kahe jAte haiN| jina guNoM athavA avasthAoM kA parityAga kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve paryAya kahalAtI haiN| paryAya badalatI rahatI haiM, kintu guNa vahI banA rahatA hai| ye paryAya bhI do prakAra kI kahI gayI haiM- 1. svabhAva-paryAya aura 2. vibhaav-pryaay| jo paryAya yA avasthAeM sva-lakSaNa ke nimitta se hotI haiM, ve svabhAva-paryAya kahalAtI haiM aura jo anya nimitta se hotI haiM, ve vibhAva-paryAya kahalAtI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, jJAna aura darzana (pratyakSIkaraNa) sambandhI vibhinna anubhUtiparaka avasthAeM AtmA kI svabhAva-paryAya haiM, kyoMki ve AtmA ke sva-lakSaNa 'upayoga' se phalita hotI haiM, jabaki krodha Adi kaSAya bhAvakarma ke nimitta se yA dUsaroM ke nimitta se hote haiM, ataH ve vibhAva-paryAya haiM, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki ina guNoM aura paryAyoM kA adhiSThAna yA upAdAna to dravya svayaM hI hai| dravya guNa aura paryAyoM se

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-205 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-57 abhinna haiM, ve paraspara sApekSa haiN| guNa kA svarUpa evaM paribhASA __dravya ko guNa aura paryAyoM kA Azraya sthala mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH, guNa dravya ke svabhAva yA sva-lakSaNa hote haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne 'dravyAzrayAnirguNA guNAH (5/40) kahakara yaha batAyA hai ki guNa dravya meM rahate haiM, para ve svayaM nirguNa hote haiN| guNa nirguNa hote haiM- yaha paribhASA sAmAnyatayA Atma-virodhI-sI lagatI hai, kintu isa paribhASA kI mUlabhUta dRSTi yaha hai ki yadi hama guNa ke bhI guNa mAneMge, to anAvasthA-doSa hogA / guNa dravya kA sva-lakSaNa hai, jabaki paryAya dravya kA vikAra hai| guNa bhI dravya ke samAna hI avinAzI hai| dravya jisakA parityAga nahIM kara sakatA hai, vahI guNa hai| guNa vastu kI sahabhAvI vizeSatAoM kA sUcaka hai| ve vizeSatAe~ yA lakSaNa, jinake AdhAra para eka dravya ko dUsare dravya se alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai, ve viziSTa guNa kahe jAte haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, dharma-dravya kA lakSaNa gati meM sahAyaka honA hai, adharma-dravya kA lakSaNa sthiti meM sahAyaka honA hai| jo sabhI dravyoM kA avagAhana karatA hai, unheM sthAna detA hai, vaha AkAza kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra, parivartana kAla kA lakSaNa hai aura upayoga (cetanA) jIva kA lakSaNa hai| ataH, guNa ve haiM, jinake AdhAra para hama kisI dravya ko pahacAnate haiM aura usakA anya dravya se pRthaktva sthApita karate haiM, ve hI usake guNa haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (28/11-12) meM jIva aura pudgala ke aneka lakSaNoM kA bhI citraNa huA hai| usameM jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, vIrya evaM upayoga-ye chaha jIva ke lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM aura zabda, prakAza, aMdhakAra, prabhA, chAyA, Atapa, varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza Adi ko pudgala kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki dravya aura guNa vicAra ke stara para hI alaga-alaga mAne gaye haiM, lekina astitva kI dRSTi se ve pRthak-pRthak sattAe~ nahIM haiN| guNoM ke saMdarbha meM hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kucha guNa sAmAnya hote haiM aura ve sabhI dravyoM meM pAe jAte haiM aura kucha guNa viziSTa hote haiM, jo kucha hI dravyoM meM pAe jAte haiN| cetanA Adi kucha guNa aise bhI haiM, jo kevala jIvadravya meM pAye jAte haiM, ajIvadravya meM unakA abhAva hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, kucha guNa sAmAnya

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-206 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-58 aura kucha guNa viziSTa hote haiN| sAmAnya guNoM ke AdhAra para jAti yA varga kI pahacAna hotI hai, ve dravya yA vastuoM kA ekatva pratipAdita karate haiM, jabaki viziSTa guNa eka dravya kA dUsare se antara sthApita karate haiN| guNoM ke sandarbha meM carcA karate hue hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki aneka guNa sahabhAgI rUpa se eka hI dravya meM rahate haiM, isIlie jainadarzana meM vastu . ko anantadharmAtmaka kahA gayA hai| guNoM ke sambandha meM eka anya vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve dravya-vizeSa kI vibhinna paryAyoM meM bhI bane rahate haiN| . dravya aura guNa kA bhedAbheda ___ koI bhI dravya guNa se rahita nahIM hotaa| dravya aura guNa kA vibhAjana mAtra vaicArika-stara para kiyA jAtA hai, sattA ke stara para nhiiN| guNa se rahita hokara na to dravya kI koI sattA hotI hai, na dravya se rahita guNa kI, ataH sattA ke stara para guNa aura dravya meM abhedaM hai, jabaki vaicArika-stara para donoM meM bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai| ... jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai ki dravya aura guNa anyonyAzrita haiN| dravya ke binA guNa kA astitva nahIM hai aura guNa ke binA dravya kA astitva nahIM hai| tattvArthasUtra (5/40) meM guNa kI paribhASA dete hue kahA gayA hai ki "sva-guNa ko chor3akara jinakA anya koI guNa nahIM hotA arthAt jo nirguNa hai, vahI guNa hai|" dravya aura guNa ke pArasparika sambandha ko lekara jaina-paramparA meM hameM tIna prakAra ke sandarbha prApta hote haiN| Agama-graMthoM meM dravya aura guNa meM Azraya-AzrayI- bhAva mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (28/6) meM dravya ko guNa kA Azraya-sthAna mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana-sUtrakAra ke anusAra, guNa dravya meM rahate haiM arthAt dravya guNoM kA Azraya-sthala hai, kintu yahA~ yaha Apatti ho sakatI hai ki jaba dravya aura gaNa kI bhinna-bhinna sattA hI nahIM hai, to unameM Azraya-AzrayI-bhAva kisa prakAra hogA? vastutaH, dravya aura guNa ke sambandha ko lekara kiyA gayA yaha vivecana mUlataH vaizeSika-paramparA ke prabhAva kA pariNAma hai| jainoM ke anusAra, siddhAntataH Azraya-AzrayI-bhAva unhIM do tattvoM meM ho sakatA hai, jo eka-dUsare se pRthak sattA rakhate haiN| isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-207 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-59 pUjyapAda Adi kucha AcAryoM ne 'guNANAM samUho davvo' athavA 'guNasamudAyo dravyamiti' kahakara ke dravya ko guNoM kA saMghAta mAnA hai| jaba dravya aura guNa kI alaga-alaga sattA hI mAnya nahIM hai, to vahA~ unake tAdAtmya ke - atirikta anya koI sambandha mAnane kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| yaha daSTikoNa bauddha-avadhAraNA se prabhAvita hai| yaha saMghAtavAda kA hI anya rUpa hai, jabaki jaina-paramparA saMghAtavAda ko svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| vastutaH, dravya ke sAtha guNa aura paryAya ke sambandha ko lekara tattvArthasUtrakAra ne jo dravya kI paribhASA dI hai, vahI adhika ucita jAna par3atI hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ke anusAra, jo guNa aura paryAyoM se yukta hai, vahI dravya hai| vaicArika-stara para to guNa dravya se bhinna hai aura usa dRSTi se unameM Azraya-AzrayI-bhAva bhI dekhA jAtA hai, kintu astitva ke stara para dravya aura guNa eka-dUsare se pRthak (vivikta) sattAe~ nahIM haiM, ataH unameM tAdAtmya bhI hai| isa prakAra; guNa aura dravya meM kathaMcit tAdAtmya-sambandha / hai| DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya jaina-darzana (pR. 144) meM likhate haiM ki guNa se dravya ko pRthaka nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie ve dravya se abhinna haiM, kintu prayojana Adi bheda se usakA vibhinna rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, ataH ve bhinna bhI haiN| "eka hI pudgala-paramANu meM yugapad rUpa, rasa, gaMdha Adi aneka guNa rahate haiN| anubhUti ke stara para rUpa, rasa, gaMdha Adi pRthak-pRthak guNa haiM, ataH vaicArika-stara para eka guNa na kevala dUsare guNa se bhinna hai, apitu usa stara para unheM dravya se bhI bhinna kalpita kiyA jA sakatA hai| punaH, guNa apanI pUrvaparyAya ko chor3akara uttaraparyAya ko dhAraNa karatA hai aura isa prakAra vaha parivartita hotA rahatA hai, kintu usameM yaha paryAya-parivartana dravya se bhinna hokara nahIM hotaa| paryAyoM meM hone vAle parivartana vastutaH dravya ke hI parivartana haiN| paryAya aura guNoM meM hone vAle parivartanoM ke bIca jo eka pudgala-paramANu ke rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ke guNa badalate rahate haiM, guNoM ke isa parivartana ke pariNAmasvarUpa usakI paryAya bhI badalatI rahatI hai, kintu ina parivartita hone vAle guNoM aura paryAyoM ke bIca bhI eka tattva hai, jo ina parivartanoM ke bIca bhI banA rahatA hai, vahI dravya hai| pratyeka dravya meM prati samaya svAbhAvika guNa kRta aura

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-208 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-60 vaibhAvika guNa kRta arthAt paryAyajanya utpAda aura vyaya hote rahate haiN| yaha saba usa dravya kI sampatti yA svarUpa hai, isalie dravya ko utpAda-vyaya aura dhauvyAtmakatA kahA gayA hai| dravya ke sAtha-sAtha usake guNoM ko bhI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka kahA jAtA hai| dravya ke sAtha-sAtha usake guNoM meM bhI utpAda-vyaya hotA rahatA hai| jIva kA guNa cetanA hai, usase pRthaka hone para jIva jIva nahIM rahegA, phira bhI jIva kI cetana avasthAe~ yA anubhUtiyA~ sthira nahIM rahatI haiM, ve pratikSaNa badalatI rahatI haiM, ataH guNoM meM bhI utpAda-vyaya hotA rahatA hai| punaH, vastu kA sva-lakSaNa kabhI badalatA nahIM hai, ataH guNa meM dhrauvyatva-pakSa bhI hai, ataH guNa bhI dravya ke samAna utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya-lakSaNa yukta hai| guNoM ke prakAra ___ jainadarzana meM sattA ko ananta-dharmAtmaka (ananta guNAtmaka) mAnA gayA hai| vastu ke guNadharma do prakAra ke haiM- bhAvAtmaka-guNadharma aura abhAvAtmaka guNadharma / bhAvAtmaka (vidhAyaka) guNadharmoM kI apekSA bhI abhAvAtmaka guNadharmoM kA abhAvarUpa honA bhI Avazyaka hai| eka manuSya ko vahI hone ke lie usakA carAcara vizva kI ananta vastuoM evaM vyaktiyoM se bhinna honA arthAt usameM unakA abhAva honA Avazyaka hai| sthUla udAharaNa ke lie 'sAgaramala' ko sAgaramala hone ke lie sthUla-jagat ke 6 araba vyaktiyoM se, asaMkhyAt kITa-pataMgoM se lekara pazuoM se tathA vizva kI ananta jar3a vastuoM se bhinna honA Avazyaka hai, arthAt unake viziSTa guNadharmo kA usameM abhAva honA bhI Avazyaka hai| kucha sAmAnya guNoM kI apekSA bhI viziSTa guNadharma to aneka hote hI haiN| isI dRSTi se jainadharma meM vastu ko ananta-dharmAtmaka kahA gayA hai, dUsare, vyakta guNoM kI apekSA se bhI avyakta yA gauNa guNadharma kahIM adhika hote haiN| eka kacce Amraphala meM sapheda aura hare raMga, khaTTe svAdarUpa vyakta guNoM kI apekSA bhI avyakta-guNoM kI dRSTi se pA~coM varNa, donoM gaMdha, pA~coM svAda, AThoM sparza Adi bhI vyakta rUpa se rahe hue haiN| bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka tathA vyakta aura avyakta-guNadharmoM kI carcA ke atirikta bhI aneka ajJAta guNadharmoM kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa to ati kaThina hai, phira bhI sAmAnya aura vizeSa

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-209 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -61 guNadharmoM kI apekSA se jaina-granthoM meM SadravyoM ke kucha viziSTa guNadharmoM kI carcA bhI milatI hai| astitva aisA guNa hai, jo sabhI dravyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| vistAra nAmaka guNadharma kAladravya aura paramANu ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI meM pAyA jAtA hai| cetanA nAmaka guNadharma jIvadravya yA jIvoM meM tathA jar3atA nAmaka guNadharma jIva ko chor3akara zeSa pA~coM dravyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| gati meM sahAyaka honA dharma-dravya kA guNa hai aura sthiti meM sahAyaka honA adharmadravya kA guNa hai| kAla kA sAmAnya guNa parivartanazIlatA hai- paratva aura aparatva, alpavayaska-dIrghavayaska, (choTA-bar3A) nayA-purAnA Adi kAla ke guNa haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM pudgala ke viziSTa guNoM kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai- pA~ca varNa, pA~ca svAda, do gaMdha, ATha sparza, zabda, aMdhakAra, prakAza, Atapa, chAyA Adi pudgala ke guNa haiN| (ka) paryAya ___ jaina-dArzanikoM ke anusAra, dravya meM ghaTita hone vAle vibhinna parivartana hI paryAya kahalAte haiN| pratyeka dravya prati samaya eka viziSTa avasthA ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| vaha apane pUrva kSaNa kI avasthA kA tyAga karatA hai aura eka nUtana viziSTa avasthA ko prApta hotA hai, inheM hI paryAya kahA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra jalatI huI dIpazikhA meM prati kSaNa jalane vAlA tela badalatA rahatA hai, phira bhI dIpaka' yathAvat jalatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra pratyeka dravya satata rUpa se parivartana yA pariNamana ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| dravya meM hone vAlA yaha parivartana yA pariNamana hI usakI paryAya hai| eka vyakti janma letA hai, bAlaka se kizora aura kizora se yuvaka, yuvaka se praur3ha aura praur3ha se vRddhAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai| janma se lekara mRtyu-kAla taka pratyeka vyakti kI zArIrika saMracanA meM tathA vicAra aura anubhati kI caitasikaM-saMracanA meM parivartana hote rahate haiN| usameM prati kSaNa hone vAle ina parivartanoM ke dvArA vaha jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAeM prApta karatA hai, ve hI paryAya haiN| jJAtavya hai ki 'paryAya' jainadarzana kA viziSTa zabda hai| jainadarzana ke atirikta anya kisI bhI bhAratIya darzana meM paryAya kI yaha avadhAraNA anupasthita hai| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bAlyAvasthA se yuvAvasthA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-210 jaina - tattvamImAMsA -62 aura yuvAvasthA se vRddhAvasthA kI yAtrA koI aisI ghaTanA nahIM hai, jo eka hI kSaNa meM ghaTita ho jAtI hai, balki yaha saba kramika rUpa se ghaTita hotI rahatI hai, hameM usakA patA hI nahIM cltaa| yaha prati samaya hone vAlA parivartana hI paryAya hai| paryAya zabda kA sAmAnya artha avasthA-vizeSa hai| dArzanika-jagat meM paryAya kA jo artha prasiddha huA hai, usase Agama meM vaha kiMcit bhinna artha meM prayoga huA hai| dArzanika-granthoM meM dravya ke kramabhAvI pariNAma ko paryAya kahA gayA hai tathA guNa evaM paryAya se yukta padArtha ko dravya kahA gayA hai| vahA~ para eka hI dravya yA vastu kI vibhinna paryAyoM kI carcA hai| AgamoM meM dravya ke kramabhAvI pariNAma ko paryAya kahA gayA hai| vahA~ para eka hI dravya yA vastu kI vibhinna paryAyoM kI carcA hai| Agama-sAhitya meM paryAya kA nirUpaNa dravya ke kramabhAvI pariNamana ke rUpa meM nahIM huA hai| AgamoM meM to eka padArtha jitanI avasthAoM meM prApta hotA hai, unheM hI usa padArtha kI paryAya kahA gayA hai, jaise-jIva kI paryAya hainAraka, deva, manuSya, tiryaMca, siddha aadi| paryAya dravya kI bhI hotI hai aura guNa kI bhI hotI hai| guNoM kI paryAya kA ullekha anuyogadvArasUtra meM isa prakAra huA hai-'eka-guNa kAlA; dviguNa kAlA yAvat anantaguNa kaalaa|" kAle guNa kI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiN| isI prakAra, nIle, pIle, lAla evaM sapheda vargoM kI paryAyeM bhI ananta hotI haiN| varNa kI bhA~ti gandha, rasa, sparza ke bhedoM kI bhI eka guNa se lekara anantaguNa taka paryAya hotI haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ekatva, pRthaktva, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, saMyoga aura vibhAga ko paryAya kA lakSaNa kahA hai| eka paryAya kA dUsare paryAya ke sAtha dravya kI dRSTi se ekatva (tAdAtmya) hotA hai, paryAya kI dRSTi se donoM paryAya eka-dUsare se pRthak hotI haiN| saMkhyA ke AdhAra para bhI paryAyoM meM bheda hotA hai| isI prakAra, saMsthAna arthAt AkRti kI dRSTi se bhI paryAya-bheda hotA hai| paryAya kA saMyoga yA viyoga (vinAza) bhI nizcita rUpa se hotA hai| koI bhI dravya kabhI bhI paryAya se rahita nahIM hotA, kintu paryAyeM sthira bhI nahIM rahatI haiM, ve prati samaya parivartita hotI rahatI haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne paryAya parivartana kI ina ghaTanAoM ko dravya meM hone vAle utpAda aura vyaya ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kiyA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-211 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-63 hai| dravya meM pratikSaNa pUrva paryAya kA nAza yA vyaya tathA uttaraparyAya kA utpAda hotA rahatA hai| utpAda aura vyaya kI ghaTanA jisameM Azrita yA ghaTita hotI haiM, yA jisameM paryAyeM parivartita hotI haiM, vahI dravya hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, dravya aura paryAya meM kathacit tAdAtmya isa artha meM hai ki paryAya se rahita hokara dravya kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai| dravya kI paryAya badalate rahane para bhI dravya meM eka kSaNa ke lie bhI aisA nahIM hotA ki vaha paryAya se rahita ho| na to paryAyoM se pRthak hokara dravya apanA astitva rakha sakatA hai aura na dravya se pRthak hokara paryAyoM kA hI koI astitva hotA hai| sattAtmaka stara para dravya aura paryAya alaga-alaga sattAe~ nahIM haiM, ve tattvataH abhinna haiM, kintu vaicArika stara para dravya aura paryAya ko paraspara pRthak mAnA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki paryAya utpanna hotI haiM aura naSTa hotI haiM, jabaki dravya banA rahatA hai, ataH ve dravya se bhinna bhI haiN| jaina-AcAryoM ke anusAra, dravya aura paryAya kI yaha kathaMcit- abhinnatA aura kathaMcit-bhinnatA vastu ke anekAMtika svarUpa kI paricAyaka haiN| paryAyoM ke prakAroM kI Agamika-AdhAroM para carcA karate hue dravyAnuyoga (pR.38) meM upAdhyAya zrI kanhaiyAlAlajI ma.sA. 'kamala' likhate haiM ki prajJApanAsUtra meM paryAya ke do bheda pratipAdita haiM-1. jIva-paryAya aura 2. ajiiv-pryaay| ye donoM prakAra kI paryAyeM ananta hotI haiN| jIva-paryAya kisa prakAra ananta hotI hai, isakA samAdhAna karate hue pUrva meM kahA gayA hai ki nairayika, bhavanapati, vANavyantara, jyotiSka, vaimAnika, pRthvIkAyika, apkAyika, tejaskAyika, vAyukAyika, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, tiryaMcayonika aura manuSya se sabhI jIva asaMkhyAt haiM, kintu vanaspatikAyika aura siddha jIva to ananta haiM, isalie jIva-paryAyeM ananta haiN| isI prakAra, ajIva pudgala Adi rUpa haiM, punaH pudgala skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu rUpa hotA hai, sAtha hI usameM varNa, gandha, rUpa aura sparza guNa hote haiM, phira inake bhI aneka avAntara-bheda hote haiM, sAtha hI pratyeka guNa ke bhI aneka aMza hote haiM, ataH ina vibhinna aMzoM aura unake vibhinna saMyogoM kI apekSA se pudagala Adi ajIva dravyoM kI bhI ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM, jinakA vistRta vivecana prajJApanAsUtra ke paryAya-pada meM kiyA gayA hai| paryAyoM ke

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-212 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-64 anya bheda isa prakAra haiM(kha) arthaparyAya aura vyaMjanaparyAya punaH, paryAya do prakAra kI hotI haiM- 1. arthaparyAya aura 2. vyaMjanaparyAya / eka hI padArtha kI pratikSaNa parivartita hone vAlI kramabhAvI paryAyoM ko arthaparyAya kahate haiM tathA padArtha kI usake vibhinna prakAroM evaM bhedoM kI jo paryAyeM hotI haiM, unheM vyaMjanaparyAya kahate haiN| arthaparyAya sUkSma evaM vyaMjanaparyAya sthUla hotI haiN| jJAtavya hai ki dhavalA (4/1/504/337/6) meM dravyaparyAya ko hI vyaMjanaparyAya kahA gayA hai aura guNaparyAya ko hI arthaparyAya bhI kahA gayA hai| dravyaparyAya aura guNaparyAya kI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| yahA~ svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki yadi vyaMjanaparyAya hI dravyaparyAya aura arthaparyAya hI guNaparyAya haiM, to phira inheM pRthaka-pRthaka kyoM batAyA gayA hai; isakA uttara yaha hai ki pravAha kI apekSA se vyaMjanaparyAya cirakAlika bhI hotI hai, jaise jIva kI cetana paryAyeM sadaiva banI rahatI haiM, cAhe cetana avasthAe~ badalatI raheM, isake viparIta, arthaparyAyeM gaNoM aura unake aneka aMzoM kI apekSA se prati samaya badalatI rahatI haiN| vyaMjanaparyAya sAmAnya hai, jaise jIvoM kI cetanA-paryAyeM, jo sabhI jIvoM meM aura sabhI kAloM meM pAI jAtI haiN| ve dravya kI sahabhAvI paryAyeM haiM aura arthaparyAya vizeSa haiM, jaise kisI vyakti vizeSa kI kAla-vizeSa meM hone vAlI krodha Adi kI kramika avsthaaeN| arthaparyAya kramabhAvI haiM, ve kramika rUpa se kAla-krama meM ghaTita hotI rahatI haiM, ataH kAlakRta bheda ke AdhAra para unheM dravyaparyAya aura guNaparyAya se pRthak kahA gayA hai| (ga) UrdhvaparyAya aura tiryakaparyAya __ paryAya ko Urdhva-paryAya evaM tiryaka-paryAya ke rUpa meM bhI vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaise- bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke aneka manuSyoM kI apekSA se manuSyoM kI jo ananta paryAyeM hotI haiM, ve tiryaka-paryAya kahI jAtI haiM, jabaki eka hI manuSya ke trikAla meM pratikSaNa hone vAle paryAya-pariNamana ko urdhva-paryAya kahA jAtA hai| tiryak-abheda meM bheda grAhI hai aura Urdhva-paryAya-bheda meM abheda grAhI hai| yadyapi paryAya kahI jAtI haiM, jabaki eka hI manuSya ke trikAla meM pratikSaNa hone vAle

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-213 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-65 paryAya-pariNamana ko UrdhvaparyAya-dRSTi bhedagrAhI hI hotI hai, phira bhI apekSA- bheda se yA upacAra se yaha kahA gayA hai| dUsare rUpa meM, tiryak dravya-sAmAnya ke dika gata bheda kA grahaNa karatI hai aura UrdhvaparyAya dravya-vizeSa ke kAlagata bhedoM ko| (gha) svabhAvaparyAya aura vibhAvaparyAya . dravya meM apane nija svabhAva kI jo paryAya utpanna hotI haiM, ve svabhAva-paryAya kahI jAtI haiM aura para ke nimitta se jo paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM, ve vibhAva-paryAya hotI haiM, jaise- karma ke nimitta se AtmA ke jo krodhAdi kaSAyarUpa pariNamana haiM, ve vibhAva-paryAya haiM aura AtmA yA kevalI kA jJAtA-dRSTA bhAva svabhAva-paryAya haiN| jIvita zarIra pudgala kI vibhAva-paryAya hai aura varNa, gandha Adi pudgala kI svabhAva paryAya haiN| jJAtavya hai ki dharma, adharma, AkAza tathA kAla kI vibhAva-paryAya nahIM hai, kyoMki ye svabhAvataH niSkriya dravya haiN| ghaTAkAza, maThAkAza Adi ko upacAra se AkAza kI vibhAva-paryAya kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu yathArtha se nahIM, kyoMki AkAza akhaNDadravya hai, usameM bheda upacAra se mAne jA sakate haiN| (Da.) sajAtIya aura vijAtIya dravyaparyAya sajAtIya dravyoM ke paraspara milane se jo paryAya utpanna hotI haiM, ve sajAtIya dravyaparyAya haiM, jaise-samAna varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi-Adi se banA skndh| isase bhinna vijAtIya paryAya haiN| (ca) kAraNa-zuddha-paryAya aura kArya-zuddha-paryAya ___ svabhAvaparyAya ke antargata do prakAra kI paryAyeM hotI haiM- kAraNa-zuddha-paryAya aura 'kArya-zuddha-paryAya / paryAyoM meM paraspara kAraNa-kArya-bhAva hotA hai| jo svabhAva-paryAya kAraNarUpa hotI haiM, ve kAraNa-zuddha-paryAya haiM aura jo svabhAva- paryAya kArya-rUpa hotI haiM, ve kArya-zuddha-paryAya haiM, kintu yaha kathana sApekSa rUpa meM samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki jo paryAya kisI kA kAraNa hai, vahI dUsarI kA kArya bhI ho sakatI hai| isI krama meM, vibhAva paryAyoM ko bhI kArya-azuddha-paryAya yA kAraNa-azuddha- paryAya bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-214 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-66 (cha) sahabhAvI-paryAya aura kramabhAvI-paryAya .. jaba kisI dravya meM yA guNa meM aneka paryAyeM eka sAtha hotI haiM, to ve sahabhAvI-paryAya kahI jAtI haiM, jaise pudgala-dravya meM varNa, gandha, rasa Adi-rUpa paryAyoM kA eka sAtha honaa| kAla kI apekSA se jina paryAyoM meM krama pAyA jAtA hai, ve krama-bhAvI paryAya haiM, jaise-bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhaavsthaa| (ja) sAmAnya-paryAya aura vizeSa-paryAya . .. vaise to sabhI paryAyeM vizeSa hI haiM, kintu aneka dravyoM kI jo samarUpa paryAyeM haiM, unheM sAmAnya-paryAya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, jaise-aneka jIvoM kA manuSya paryAya meM honA / jJAtavya hai ki paryAyoM meM na kevala mAtrAtmaka arthAt saMkhyA aura aMzoM kI apekSA se bheda hotA hai, apitu guNoM kI apekSA se bhI bheda hote haiN| mAtrA kI apekSA se eka aMza kAlA, do aMza phAlA, ananta aMza kAlA Adi bheda hote haiM, jabaki guNAtmaka-dRSTi se kAlA, lAla, zveta Adi athavA khaTTA, mIThA Adi athavA manuSya, pazu, nAraka, devatA Adi bheda hote haiN| guNa aura paryAya kI vAstavikatA kA prazna ____ jo dArzanika sattA aura guNa meM abhinnatA yA tAdAtmya ke pratipAdaka haiM aura jo parama sattA ko tattvataH advaita mAnate haiM, ve guNa aura paryAya ko vAstavika nahIM, apitu pratibhAsika mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi guNoM kI sattA se pRthak koI sattA hI nahIM hai; ye mAtra pratItiyA~ haiN| anubhava ke stara para jinakA utpAda yA vyaya hai, arthAt jo parivartanazIla haiM, ve sat nahIM haiM, mAtra pratibhAsa haiN| unake anusAra, paramANu bhI eka aisA avibhAgI padArtha hai, jo vibhinna indriyoM dvArA rUpAdi vibhinna guNoM kI pratIti karAtA hai, kintu vastutaH usameM ina guNoM kI koI sattA nahIM hotI hai| ina dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi kI anubhUti hamAre mana para nirbhara karatI hai, ataH ve vastu ke sambandha meM hamAre manovikalpa hI haiN| unakI koI vAstavika sattA nahIM hai| yadi hamArI indriyoM kI saMracanA bhinna prakAra kI hotI hai, to unase hameM jo saMvedanA hotI, vaha bhI bhinna prakAra kI hotii| yadi saMsAra ke sabhI

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-215 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-67 prANiyoM kI A~khoM kI saMracanA meM raMga-andhatA hotI, to ve saMsAra kI sabhI vastuoM ko kevala zveta-zyAma-rUpa meM hI dekhate aura unheM anya raMgoM kA koI bodha nahIM hotA, lAlAdi raMgoM ke astitva kA vicAra hI nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra indradhanuSa ke raMga mAtra pratIti haiM, vAstavika nahIM, athavA jisa prakAra hamAre svapna kI vastue~ mAtra manokalpanAe~ haiM, usI prakAra guNa aura paryAya bhI mAtra pratibhAsa haiM, citta-vikalpa haiM, vAstavika nahIM haiN| - kintu, jaina-dArzanika anya vastuvAdI dArzanikoM ke samAna hI dravya ke sAtha-sAtha guNa aura paryAya ko bhI yathArtha / vAstavika mAnate haiN| unake anusAra, pratIti aura pratyaya yathArtha ke hI hote haiM, jo ayathArtha ho usakA koI pratyaya yA pratIti hI nahIM ho sakatI hai| AkAza-kusuma yA parI Adi kI ayathArtha kalpanAe~ bhI do yathArtha anubhUtiyoM kA caittasika-stara para kiyA gayA mizraNa mAtra hai| svapna bhI yathArtha anubhUtiyoM aura unake caitasika-stara para kiye gaye mizraNoM se hI nirmita hote haiM, janmAndha ko kabhI raMgoM ke koI svapna nahIM hote haiN| ataH, ayathArtha kI koI pratIti nahIM ho sakatI hai| jainoM ke anusAra, anubhUti kA pratyeka viSaya apanI vAstavika sattA rakhatA hai| isase na kevala dravya, apitu guNa aura paryAya bhI vAstavika siddha hote haiN| dravya, guNa evaM paryAya kI sattA kI isa vAstavikatA ke kAraNa hI prAcIna jaina-AcAryoM ne sattA ko astikAya kahA thA, ataH utpAda-vyaya-dharmA hokara bhI paryAyeM pratibhAsa na hokara vAstavika haiN| kramabaddha paryAya aura puruSArtha paryAyoM ke sambandha meM jo eka mahatvapUrNa prazna ina dinoM bahucarcita hai, vaha hai. paryAyoM kI kramabaddhatA / yaha to sarvamAnya hai ki paryAya sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI hotI haiM, kintu paryAyeM kramabaddha hI haiM- yaha vivAda kA viSaya hai| paryAyeM krama se ghaTita hotI haiM, kintu isa AdhAra para yaha mAna lenA ki paryAyoM ke hone kA yaha krama bhI pUrva niyata hai, to phira puruSArtha ke lie koI avakAza nahIM raha jAtA hai| paryAyoM ko kramabaddha mAnane kA mukhya AdhAra jainadarzana meM pracalita sarvajJatA kI avadhAraNA hai| jaba eka bAra yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki sarvajJa yA kevalI sabhI dravyoM kI sarva paryAyoM ko

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-216 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-68 jAnatA hai, to phira isakA artha hai ki sarvajJa ke jJAna meM sabhI dravyoM kI sarva paryAyeM kramabaddha aura niyata haiM, unameM kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana sambhava nahIM hai, arthAt bhavitavyatA ko puruSArtha ke mAdhyama se badalane kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| jisakA jaisA paryAya-pariNamana honA hai, vaha vaisA hI hogaa| isa avadhAraNA kA eka acchA pakSa yaha hai ki ise mAna lene para vyakti bhUta aura bhAvI ke sambandha meM vyartha ke saMkalpa-vikalpa se mukta rahakara samabhAva meM raha sakatA hai; dUsare, usameM kartavya kA mithyA ahaMkAra bhI nahIM hotA hai, kintu isakA durbala pakSa yaha hai ki isameM puruSArtha ke lie avakAza nahIM rahatA hai aura vyakti ke pAsa apane bhaviSya ko saMvArane hetu prayatnoM kA avakAza bhI nahIM raha jAtA hai| kramabaddha paryAya kI avadhAraNA niyativAda kI samarthaka hai, ataH isameM naitika-uttaradAyitva bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| yadi vyakti apanI svatantra icchA zakti se kucha bhI anyathA nahIM kara sakatA hai, to use kisI bhI acche-bure karma ke lie uttaradAyI nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| yadyapi isa siddhAnta ke samarthaka jainadarzana ke paMcakAraNasamavAya ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para puruSArtha kI saMbhAvanA se inakAra nahIM karate haiM, kintu yadi unake anusAra puruSArtha bhI 'niyata' hai, kintu niyata puruSArtha vastutaH puruSArtha nahIM hotA hai| jaina-karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra, apane pUrvabaddha karmoM kI sattA meM rasaghAta, sthitighAta athavA apavartana evaM utvartana hotA hai| ataH, paryAyeM kramabaddha hote hue bhI pUrva niyata nahIM haiM, sAtha hI ve puruSArtha kI avarodhaka bhI nahIM haiN| ve puruSArtha kA hI eka rUpa haiN| jIva-tattva AtmA yA jIvatattva ko paMca astikAya, Sadravya aura navatattva- ina tInoM varga ke antargata rakhA jAtA hai / jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga yA cetanA mAnA gayA hai, isIlie ise cetana-dravya bhI kahA jAtA hai| upayoga yA cetanA ke do prakAroM kI carcA AgamoM meM bhI milatI hai- nirAkAra-upayoga aura saakaar-upyog| ina donoM ko kramazaH darzana aura jJAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| nirAkAra-upayoga, vastu ke sAmAnya svarUpa kA grahaNa karane ke kAraNa, darzana kahA jAtA hai aura sAkAra- upayoga, vastu ke viziSTa

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-217 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-69 svarUpa kA grahaNa karane ke kAraNa, jJAna kahA jAtA hai| jIvadravya ke sandarbha meM jaina-darzana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha jIvadravya ko eka akhaNDa dravya na mAnakara aneka dravya mAnatA hai| usake anusAra, pratyeka jIva kI svatantra sattA hai aura vizva meM jIvoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai| isa prakAra, saMkSepa meM jIva astikAya, cetana, arUpI aura aneka-rUpa dravya hai aura isakA lakSaNa upayoga yA cetanA hai| ____jIva ko jaina-darzana meM AtmA bhI kahA gayA hai, ataH yahA~ AtmA ke sambandha meM kucha maulika praznoM para vicAra kiyA jA rahA haiAtmA kA astitva jaina-darzana meM jIva yA AtmA ko eka svatantra tattva yA dravya mAnA gayA hai| jahA~ taka hamAre AdhyAtmika-jIvana kA prazna hai, AtmA ke astitva para zaMkA karake Age bar3hanA asambhava hai| jaina-darzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pahalI zarta Atma-vizvAsa hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke gaNadharavAda meM AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karane ke lie nimna tarka prastuta kiye gaye haiM (1) jIva kA astitva jIva zabda se hI siddha hai, kyoMki asad vastu kI koI sArthaka saMjJA hI nahIM banatI hai| (1575) (2) jIva hai yA nahIM- yaha socanA mAtra hI kisI vicArazIla sattA arthAt jIva kI sattA ko siddha kara detA hai| devadatta jaisA sacetana prANI hI yaha soca sakatA hai ki vaha stambha hai yA puruSa hai| (1571) ___(3) zarIra meM sthita jo yaha socatA hai ki 'maiM nahIM hU~, vahI to jIva hai| jIva ke atirikta saMzayakartA anya koI nahIM hai| yadi AtmA hI na ho, to aisI kalpanA kA prAdurbhAva hI kaise ho ki maiM hU~ yA nahIM? jo niSedha kara rahA hai, vaha svayaM hI AtmA hai| saMzaya ke lie kisI aise tattva ke astitva kI anivAryatA hai, jo usa vicAra kA AdhAra ho| binA adhiSThAna ke koI vicAra yA cintana sambhava nahIM ho sktaa| saMzaya kA adhiSThAna koI-na-koI avazya honA caahie| mahAvIra gautama se kahate haiM- he gautama! yadi koI saMzayakartA hI nahIM hai, to 'maiM hU~', yA 'nahIM hU~'- yaha

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-218 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-70 saMzaya kahA~ se utpanna hotA hai? tuma svayaM apane hI viSaya meM sandeha kaise kara sakate ho? phira kisameM saMzaya na hogA? kyoMki saMzaya Adi jitanI bhI mAnasika aura bauddhika-kriyAe~ haiM, ve saba AtmA ke kAraNa hI haiN| jahA~ saMzaya hotA hai, vahA~ AtmA kA astitva avazya svIkAranA par3atA hai| vastutaH, jo pratyakSa anubhava se siddha hai, use siddha karane ke lie kisI anya pramANa kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| AtmA svayaMsiddha hai, kyoMki usI ke AdhAra para saMzayAdi utpanna hote haiM, sukha-duHkhAdi ko siddha karane ke lie bhI kisI anya pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM (jainadarzana-mahendrakumAra, pRSTha 4) / ye saMzaya, vicAraNA Adi saba AtmapUrvaka hI ho sakate haiN| AcArAMgasUtra (1/5/5/166) meM kahA gayA hai ki jisake dvArA jAnA jAtA hai, vahI AtmA hai| AcArya zaMkara brahmasUtrabhASya (3/1/7) meM aise hI tarka dete hue kahate haiM ki jo nirasana kara rahA hai, vahI to usakA svarUpa hai| AtmA ke astitva ke lie svataHbodha ko AcArya zaMkara bhI eka prabala tarka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki sabhI ko AtmA ke astitva meM bharapUra vizvAsa hai, koI bhI aisA nahIM hai, jo yaha socatA ho ki 'maiM nahIM hU~ (brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya 1/1/2) / anyatra, zaMkara spaSTa rUpa se yaha bhI kahate haiM ki bodha se sattA ko aura sattA se bodha ko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA (brahmasUtra, zAMkarabhASya 3/2/21) / yadi hameM AtmA kA svataH bodha hotA hai, to usakI sattA nirvivAda hai| pAzcAtya-vicAraka dekArtaM ne bhI isI tarka ke AdhAra para AtmA ke astitva ko siddha kiyA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki sabhI ke astitva meM sandeha kiyA jA sakatA hai, parantu sandehakarttA meM sandeha karanA to sambhava nahIM hai, sandehakartA kA astitva sandeha se pare hai| sandeha karanA vicAra karanA hai aura vicAraka ke abhAva meM vicAra nahIM ho sakatA / maiM vicAra karatA hU~, ataH 'maiM hU~'- isa prakAra dekArta ke anusAra bhI AtmA kA astitva svayaMsiddha hai (pazcimIdarzana-dIvAnacaMda, pR. 106) / (4) AtmA amUrta hai, ataH usako usa rUpa meM to nahIM jAna sakate, jaise ghaTa, paTa Adi vastuoM kA indriya-pratyakSa ke rUpa meM jJAna hotA hai,

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-219 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-71 lekina itane mAtra se unakA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaina AcAryoM ne isake lie gaNa aura gaNI kA tarka diyA hai| ghaTa Adi jina vastuoM ko hama jAnate haiM, unakA bhI yathArtha bodha-pratyakSa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki hameM jinakA bodha yA pratyakSa hotA hai, vaha ghaTa ke rUpAdi guNoM kA pratyakSa haiM, lekina ghaTa mAtra rUpa nahIM hai, vaha to aneka guNoM kA samUha hai, jinheM hama pUrNataH nahIM jAnate, rUpa (AkAra) to unameM se eka guNa hai| jaba rUpaguNa ke pratyakSIkaraNa ko ghaTa kA pratyakSIkaraNa mAna lete haiM aura hameM koI saMzaya nahIM hotA, to phira jJAna-guNa se AtmA kA pratyakSa kyoM nahIM mAna lete (vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1558) / __Adhunika vaijJAnika bhI aneka tattvoM kA vAstavika bodha-pratyakSa nahIM kara pAte haiM, jaise Ithara; phira bhI kAryoM ke AdhAra para unakA astitva mAnate haiM evaM svarUpa-vivecana bhI karate haiM, phira AtmA ke kAryoM ke AdhAra para usake astitva ko kyoM na svIkAra kiyA jAe? vastutaH, AtmA yA cetanA ke astitva kA prazna mahatvapUrNa hote hue bhI vivAda kA viSaya nahIM hai| bhAratIya-cintakoM meM cArvAka tathA pAzcAtya-cintakoM meM hyUma Adi jo vicAraka AtmA kA niSedha karate haiM, vastutaH, unakA niSedha AtmA ke astitva kA niSedha nahIM, varan usakI nityatA kA niSedha hai| ve AtmA ko eka svataMtra yA nitya-dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, lekina cetana avasthA yA cetanA-pravAha ke rUpa meM AtmA kA astitva to unheM bhI svIkAra hai| cArvAka-darzana bhI yaha nahIM kahatA ki AtmA kA sarvathA abhAva hai| usakA niSedha mAtra AtmA ko svatantra yA maulika tattva mAnane se hai| buddha anAtmavAda kI pratisthApanA meM AtmA (cetanA) kA niSedha nahIM karate haiM, varana usakI nityatA kA niSedha karate haiN| hama bhI anabhati se bhinna kisI svataMtra Atmatattva kA hI niSedha karate haiN| .... 'nyAyavArtikakAra kA yaha kahanA samucita jAna par3atA hai ki AtmA ke astitva ke viSaya meM dArzanikoM meM sAmAnyataH koI vivAda hI nahIM hai, yadi vivAda hai, to usakA sambandha AtmA ke vizeSa svarUpa se hai na ki usake astitva se| svarUpa kI dRSTi se koI zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai, koI buddhi ko, koI indriya yA mana ko aura koI vijJAna-saMghAta ko AtmA samajhatA hai|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-220 . jaina-tattvamImAMsA-72. kucha aise bhI vyakti haiM, jo ina sabase pRthak svatantra Atma-tattva ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiM (nyAyavAttirka, pR.366)| jainadarzana AtmA ko svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| AtmA eka maulika tattva ___AtmA eka maulika tattva hai athavA anya kisI tattva se utpanna huA hai, yaha prazna bhI mahatvapUrNa hai| sabhI darzana yaha mAnate haiM ki saMsAra Atma aura anAtma kA saMyoga hai, lekina inameM mUla tattva kyA hai? yaha vivAda kA viSaya hai| isa sambandha meM cAra pramukha dhAraNAe~ haiM- (1) mUla tattva jar3a (acetana) hai aura usI se cetana kI utpatti hotI hai| ajitakezakambalin, cArvAka Adi dArzanika evaM bhautikavAdI-vaijJAnika isa mata kA pratipAdana karate haiN| (2) mUla tattva cetana yA bodha hai aura usI kI apekSA se jar3a kI sattA mAnI jA sakatI hai| bauddha- vijJAnavAda, zAMkara-vedAnta tathA barkale isa mata kA pratipAdana karate haiN| (3) kucha vicAraka aise bhI haiM, jinhoMne parama tattva ko eka mAnate hue bhI use jar3a-cetana ubhayarUpa svIkAra kiyA aura donoM ko hI usakA paryAya maanaa| gItA, rAmAnuja aura spinojA isa mata kA pratipAdana karate haiN| (4) kucha vicAraka jar3a aura cetana- donoM ko hI parama tattva mAnate haiM aura unake svataMtra astitva meM vizvAsa karate haiN| sAMkhya, jaina aura dekArta isa dhAraNA meM vizvAsa, karate haiN| jaina-vicAraka spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki kabhI bhI jar3a se cetana kI utpatti nahIM hotii| sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM isa mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| zIlAMkAcArya likhate haiM ki 'bhUta-samudAya svatantradharmI hai, usakA guNa caitanya nahIM hai, kyoMki pRthvI Adi bhUtoM ke anya pRthak-pRthaka guNa haiM, anya guNoM vAle padArthoM se yA unake samUha se bhI kisI apUrva (navIna) guNa kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI, jaise rukSa bAlu-kaNoM ke samudAya se snigdha tela kI utpatti nahIM hotii| ataH, caitanya AtmA kA hI guNa ho sakatA hai, bhUtoM kA nahIM, jar3a bhUtoM se cetana AtmA kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI (sUtrakRtAMga TIkA 1/1/8) / ' zarIra bhI jJAnAdi caitanya guNoM kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki zarIra bhautika-tattvoM kA kArya hai aura

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-221 jaina - tattvamImAMsA -73 bhautika-tattva cetanAzUnya haiN| jaba bhUtoM meM hI caitanya nahIM hai, to unake kArya meM caitanya kahAM se A jAyegA? pratyeka kArya kAraNa meM avyakta rUpa se rahA hai| jaba vaha kAraNa kAryarUpa meM pariNata hotA hai, taba vaha zaktirUpa se rahA huA kArya vyakta rUpa meM sAmane A jAtA hai| jaba bhautika-tattvoM meM cetanA nahIM hai, taba yaha kaise sambhava hai ki zarIra caitanya-guNa vAlA ho jAya? yadi cetanA pratyeka bhautika- tattva meM nahIM hai, to una tattvoM ke saMyoga se bhI vaha utpanna nahIM ho sktii| reNu ke pratyeka kaNa meM na rahane vAlA tela reNu-kaNoM ke saMyoga se utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| ataH, yaha kahanA yukti-saMgata nahIM hai ki caitanya mahAbhUtoM ke viziSTa saMyoga se utpanna hotA hai (jainadarzana-mahendrakumAra, pR.157)| gItA bhI kahatI hai ki asat kA prAdurbhAva nahIM hotA aura sat kA vinAza nahIM hotA hai (2/16) / yadi caitanya bhUtoM meM nahIM hai, to vaha unake saMyoga se nirmita zarIra meM bhI nahIM ho sakatA / zarIra meM caitanya kI upalabdhi hotI hai; ataH usakA AdhAra zarIra nahIM, AtmA hai| AtmA kI jar3a se bhinnatA siddha karane ke lie zIlAMkAcArya eka dUsarI yukti prastuta karate hue kahate haiM- "pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya alaga-alaga haiM, pratyeka indriya apane viSaya kA hI jJAna karatI hai, jabaki pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM kA ekatrIbhUta rUpa meM jJAna karane vAlA anya koI avazya hai aura vaha AtmA hai (sUtrakRtAMga ttiikaa-1/1/8)|" isI sambandha meM AcArya zaMkara kI bhI eka yukti hai, jisake sambandha meM pro. e.sI. mukharjI ne apanI pustaka 'necara oNpha selpha' meM kAphI prakAza DAlA hai| zaMkara pUchate haiM ki bhautikavAdiyoM ke anusAra bhUtoM se utpanna hone vAlI usa cetanA kA svarUpa kyA hai? unake anusAra, yA to cetanA una tattvoM kI pratyakSakartA hogI yA unakA hI eka guNa hogii| prathama sthiti meM yadi vaha cetanA una guNoM kI pratyakSakartA hogI, to vaha unase pratyutpanna nahIM hogii| dUsare, yaha kahanA bhI hAsyAspada hogA ki bhautika guNa apane hI ko jJAna kI viSaya-vastu banAte haiN| yaha mAnanA ki cetanA, jo bhautika-padArthoM ko hI apane jJAna kA viSaya banAtI hai, utanA hI hAsyAspada hai, jitanA yaha mAnanA ki Aga apane ko hI jalAtI hai athavA naTa apane hI kaMdhoM para car3ha sakatA hai| isa prakAra, zaMkara kA bhI niSkarSa yahI hai ki

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-222 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-74 cetana (AtmA) bhautika-tattvoM se vyatirikta aura jJAnasvarUpa hai| .. AkSepa evaM nirAkaraNa sAmAnya rUpa se jaina vicAraNA meM AtmA yA jIva ko apaudgalika, vizuddha caitanya evaM jar3a se bhinna svatantra tattva yA dravya mAnA jAtA hai, lekina anya dArzanikoM kA AkSepa hai ki jaina-darzana ke vicAra meM jIva kA svarUpa bahuta kucha paudgalika bana gayA hai| yaha AkSepa ajaina-dArzanikoM kA hI nahIM, aneka jaina- cintakoM kA bhI hai aura unake lie AgamikaM AdhAroM para kucha tarka bhI prastuta kiye gaye haiN| paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra ne isa viSaya meM eka praznAvalI bhI prastuta kI thI (anekAMta, jUna 1942) / yahA~ usa praznAvalI. ke kucha pramukha muddoM para hI carcA karanA apekSita hai, jo jIva-sambandhI jaina dArzanika-mAnyatAoM meM hI pArasparika-antarvirodha prakaTa karate haiM___(1) jIva yadi paudgalika nahIM hai, to usameM saukSmya-sthaulya athavA saMkoca-vistAra kI kriyA aura pradeza-parispandana kaise bana sakatA hai? jaina- vicAraNA ke anusAra to saukSmya-sthaulya ko pudgala kI paryAya : mAnA gayA hai| (2) jIva ke apaudgalika hone para AtmA meM padArthoM kA pratibimbita honA bhI kaise bana sakatA hai? kyoMki pratibimba kA grAhaka pudgala hI hotA hai| jaina- vicAraNA meM jJAna kI utpatti padArthoM ke AtmA meM pratibimbita hone se hI mAnI gayI hai| . (3) apaudgalika aura amUrtika-AtmA paudgalika evaM mUrttika-karmoM ke sAtha baddha hokara vikArI honA kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai? (isa prakAra ke bandha kA koI dRSTAnta bhI upalabdha nahIM hai) svarNa aura pASANa ke anAdibandha kA jo dRSTAnta bhI diyA jAtA hai, vaha viSama dRSTAnta hai aura eka prakAra se to vaha jIva kA paudagalika honA hI sUcita karatA hai| (4) rAgAdika ko paudgalika kahA gayA hai aura rAgAdika jIva ke pariNAma haiM- binA jIva ke unakA astitva nhiiN| (yadi jIva paudgalika nahIM hai, to rAgAdi bhAva paudgalika kaise siddha ho sakeMge?) isake sivAya

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-223 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-75 paudgalika- jIvAtmA meM kRSNa, nIlAdi lezyAe~ kaise bana sakatI haiM? jaina-darzana jar3a aura cetana ke dvaita ko aura unakI svataMtra sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai| vaha sabhI prakAra ke advaitavAda kA virodha karatA hai, cAhe vaha zaMkara kA AdhyAtmika-advaitavAda ho, athavA cArvAka evaM anya vaijJAnikoM kA bhautikavAdI-advaitavAda ho, lekina isa saiddhAntika-mAnyatA se uparyukta zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna nahIM hotaa| isake lie hameM jIva ke svarUpa ko usa sandarbha meM dekhanA hogA, jisameM uparyukta zaMkAe~ prastuta kI gayI haiN| prathamataH, saMkoca-vistAra tathA usake AdhAra para hone vAle saukSmya evaM sthaulya tathA bandhana aura rAgAdibhAva kA honA sabhI baddha jIvAtmAoM yA hamAre vartamAna sImita vyaktitva ke kAraNa hai| jahA~ taka sImita vyaktitva yA baddha jIvAtmA kA prazna hai, vaha ekAnta rUpa se na to bhautika haiM aura na abhautik| jaina-cintaka muni nathamalajI (mahAprajJajI) inhIM praznoM kA samAdhAna karate hue likhate haiM ki 'merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki hamArA vartamAna vyaktitva na sarvathA paudgalika hai aura na sarvathA apaudgalika / yadi use sarvathA apaudgalika mAneM, to usameM saMkoca-vistAra, prakAzamaya, anubhava, UrdhvagAmIdharmitA, rAgAdi nahIM ho skte| maiM jahA~ taka samajha sakatA hU~, koI bhI zarIradhArI jIva apaudgalika nahIM hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne usI meM saMkoca-vistAra yA bandhana Adi mAne haiM, apaudgalikatA usakI antima pariNati hai, jo zarIra-mukti se pahale kabhI prApta nahIM hotI (taTa do pravAha eka, pR.54)|' munijI ke isa kathana ko adhika spaSTa rUpa meM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIva ke apaudgalika-svarUpa usakI upalabdhi nahI, Adarza haiN| jaina-darzana kA lakSya isI apaudagalika-svarUpa kI upalabdhi hai| jIva kI apaudagalikatA usakA Adarza hai, jAgatika tathya nahIM, jabaki ye sabhI bAteM baddha jIvoM meM hI pAyI jAtI haiN| AtmA aura zarIra kA sambandha .. mahAvIra ke sammukha jaba yaha prazna upasthita kiyA gayA ki "bhagavAn! jIva vahI hai, jo zarIra hai, yA jIva bhinna hai aura zarIra bhinna hai?" taba mahAvIra ne uttara diyA- "he gautama! jIva zarIra bhI hai aura

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-224 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-76 zarIra se bhinna bhI hai (bhagavatIsUtra 13/7/495). / " isa prakAra, mahAvIra ne . AtmA aura deha ke madhya bhinnatva aura ekatva- donoM ko svIkAra kiyaa| AcArya kundakunda ne AtmA aura zarIra ke ekatva aura bhinnatva ko lekara yahI vicAra prakaTa kiye haiN| AcArya kundakunda kA kathana hai ki vyAvahArika-dRSTi se AtmA aura deha eka hI haiM, lekina nizcaya-dRSTi se AtmA aura deha kadApi eka nahIM ho sakate (samayasAra 27) / vastutaH, AtmA aura zarIra meM ekatva mAne binA stuti, vandana, seMvA Adi aneka naitika AcaraNa kI kriyAe~ sambhava nahIM ho sktiiN| dUsarI ora, AtmA aura deha meM bhinnatA mAne binA AsaktinAza aura bhedavijJAna kI sambhAvanA nahIM ho sakatI hai| naitika aura dhArmika- sAdhanA kI dRSTi se AtmA kA zarIra se ekatva aura anekatva-donoM apekSita haiN| yahI jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai| mahAvIra ne ekAntika-vAdoM ko chor3akara anaikAntika-dRSTi ko svIkAra kiyA thA aura donoM virodhI vAdoM meM samanvaya kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki AtmA aura zarIra kathaMcit-bhinna haiM aura kathaMcit-abhinna haiN| AtmA pariNAmI hai. jainadarzana AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai, jabaki sAMkhya evaM zAMkara- vedAnta AtmA ko apariNAmI (kUTastha) mAnate haiN| buddha ke samakAlIna vicAraka pUrNakAzyapa bhI AtmA ko apariNAmI mAnate the| AtmA ko apariNAmI (kUTastha) mAnane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA meM koI vikAra, parivartana yA sthityantara nahIM hotaa| jaina-AcAra sambandhI granthoM meM yaha vacana bahutAyata se upalabdha hote haiM ki AtmA kartA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (20/37) meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA hI sukhoM aura duHkhoM kA kartA aura bhoktA hai| yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki sira kATane vAlA zatru bhI utanA apakAra nahIM karatA, jitanA durAcaraNa meM pravRtta apanI AtmA karatI hai (uttarAdhyayana 20/48) / yahI nahIM, sUtrakRtAMga (1/1/13-11) meM AtmA ko akartA mAnane vAle logoM kI AlocanA karate hue spaSTa rUpa meM kahA gayA hai- "kucha dUsare (loga) to dhRSTatApUrvaka kahate haiM ki karanA, karAnA Adi kriyA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-225 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-77 AtmA nahIM karatA, vaha to akartA hai| ina vAdiyoM ko satya jJAna kA patA nahIM aura na unheM dharma kA hI bhAna hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (23/37) meM zarIra ko nAva aura jIva ko nAvika kahakara jIva para naitika yA anaitika-karmoM kA uttaradAyitva DAlA gayA hai| AtmA bhoktA hai . yadi AtmA ko karttA mAnanA Avazyaka hai, to use bhoktA bhI mAnanA par3egA, kyoMki jo karmoM kA kartA hai, use hI unake phaloM kA bhoga bhI karanA caahie| jaise AtmA kA kartRtva karmapudagaloM ke nimitta se sambhava hai, vaise hI AtmA kA bhoktRtva bhI karmapudgaloM se nirmitta zarIra se hI sambhava hai| kartRtva aura bhoktRtva- donoM hI zarIrayukta baddhAtmA meM pAye jAte haiM, muktAtmA yA zuddhAtmA meM nhiiN| bhoktRtva vedanIya-karma ke kAraNa hI sambhava hai| jaina-darzana AtmA ke bhoktRtva ko bhI sApekSa-dRSTi se zarIrayukta baddhAtmA meM svIkAra karatA hai| . 1. vyAvahArika-dRSTi se zarIrayukta baddhAtmA bhoktA hai| 2. azuddhanizcayanaya yA paryAyadRSTi se AtmA apanI mAnasikaanubhUtiyoM yA manobhAvoM kA vedaka hai| . 3. paramArtha-dRSTi se AtmA bhoktA aura vedaka nahIM, mAtra dRSTA yA sAkSIsvarUpa hai (samayasAra 81-92) / AtmA meM bhoktRtva mAnanA karma aura unake pratiphala. ke saMyoga ke lie Avazyaka hai| jo kartA hai, vaha anivArya rUpa se unake phaloM kA bhoktA bhI hai, anyathA karma aura usake phalabhoga meM anivArya sambandha siddha nahIM ho skegaa| aisI sthiti meM dharma evaM naitikatA kA bhI koI artha hI nahIM raha jAyegA, ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki AtmA bhoktA hai, lekina AtmA kA bhoktA honA baddhAtmA yA zarIra udhArI AtmA ke lie hI samucita hai| amuktAtmA bhoktA nahIM hai, vaha to mAtra sAkSIsvarUpa yA dRSTA hotA hai| AtmA svadeha-parimANa hai __. yadyapi jaina-vicAraNA meM AtmA ko rUpa, rasa, gandha, varNa, sparza Adi

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-226 'jaina-tattvamImAMsA-78 se vivarjita kahA gayA hai, tathApi AtmA ko zarIrAkAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AtmA ke AkAra ke sambandha meM pramukha rUpa se do dRSTiyA~ haiM-eka ke anusAra, AtmA vibhu (sarvavyApI) hai aura dUsarI ke anusAra aNu hai| sAMkhya, nyAya aura advaita vedAnta AtmA ko vibhu mAnate haiM aura rAmAnuja aNu mAnate haiN| jainadarzana isa sambandha meM madhyastha-dRSTi apanAtA hai| usake anusAra, AtmA aNu bhI hai aura vibhu bhI hai| vaha sUkSma hai, to itanA hai ki eka AkAza- pradeza ke anantaveM bhAga meM samA sakatA hai aura vibhu hai, to itanA hai ki samagra loka ko vyApta kara sakatA hai| jaina-darzana AtmA meM saMkoca-vistAra ko svIkAra karatA hai aura isa AdhAra para AtmA ko svadeha-parimANa mAnatA hai| jaise dIpaka kA prakAza choTe kamare meM rahane para choTe kamare ko aura bar3e kamare meM rahane para bar3e kamare ko prakAzita karatA hai, vaise hI AtmA bhI jisa deha meM rahatA hai, use caitanyAbhibhUta kara detA hai, kintu yaha bAta kevala saMsArI-AtmA ke sambandha meM hai| muktAtmA kA AkAra apane tyakta deha kA do tihAI hotA hai (uttarAdhyayana 36) / AtmA ke vibhutva kI samIkSA 1. yadi AtmA vibhu (sarvavyApaka) hai, to vaha dUsare zarIroM meM bhI hogA, phira una zarIroM ke karmoM ke lie uttaradAyI hogaa| yadi yaha mAnA jAye ki AtmA dUsare zarIroM meM nahIM hai, to phira vaha sarvavyApaka nahIM hogaa| 2. yadi AtmA vibhu haito dUsare zarIroM meM hone vAle sukha-duHkha ke bhoga se kaise baca sakegA? . 3. vibhu AtmA ke siddhAnta meM kauna AtmA kisa zarIra kA niyAmaka hai, yaha batAnA bhI kaThina hogaa| vastutaH, naitika aura dhArmika jIvana ke lie pratyeka zarIra meM eka AtmA kA siddhAnta hI saMgata ho sakatA hai, tAki usa zarIra ke karmoM ke AdhAra para use uttaradAyI ThaharAyA jA ske| 4. AtmA kI sarvavyApakatA kA siddhAnta anekAtmavAda ke sAtha

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-227 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-79 kathamapi saMgata nahIM ho sakatA, sAtha hI, anekAtmavAda ke abhAva meM naitika jIvana kI susaMgata vyAkhyA bhI sambhava nhiiN| AtmAe~ aneka haiM __ AtmA eka hai yA aneka- yaha prazna bhI dArzanika-dRSTi se vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, AtmAe~ aneka haiM aura pratyeka .. zarIra kI AtmA bhinna hai| yadi AtmA ko eka mAnA jAtA hai, to naitika-dRSTi se nimna aneka samasyAeM utpanna ho jAtI haiMekAtmavAda kI samIkSA 1. AtmA ko eka mAnane para sabhI jIvoM kI mukti aura bandhana eka sAtha hoNge| itanA hI nahIM, sabhI zarIradhAriyoM ke naitika vikAsa evaM patana kI vibhinna avasthAe~ bhI yugapada hoMgI, lekina aisA to dikhatA nhiiN| saba prANiyoM kA AdhyAtmika evaM naitika-jIvana kA stara alaga-alaga hai| yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki aneka vyakti mukta ho cuke haiM aura aneka abhI baMdhana meM haiM, ataH AtmAe~ eka nahIM, aneka haiN| ___ 2. AtmA ko eka mAnane para vaiyaktika naitika-prayAsoM kA mUlya samApta ho jaayegaa| yadi AtmA eka hI hai, to vyaktigata prayAsoM evaM kriyAoM se na to usakI mukti sambhava hogI aura na vaha bandhana meM hI aayegaa| 3. AtmA ke eka mAnane para naitika-uttaradAyitva tathA tajjanita puraskAra aura daNDa kI vyavasthA kA bhI koI artha nahIM raha jaayegaa| sArAMza meM, AtmA ko eka mAnane para vaiyaktikatA ke abhAva meM naitika-vikAsa, naitika-uttaradAyitva aura puruSArtha Adi naitika-prayatnoM kA koI artha nahIM raha jaataa| maraNa, baMdhana-mukti Adi ke saMtoSaprada samAdhAna ke lie aneka AtmAoM kI svataMtra sattA mAnanA Avazyaka hai (vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1582) / sAMkhyakArikA (18) meM bhI janma-maraNa indriyoM kI vibhinnatA, pratyeka kI alaga-alaga pravRtti aura svabhAva tathA naitika-vikAsa kI vibhinnatA ke AdhAra para AtmA kI anekatA siddha kI gayI hai|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-228 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-80 anekAtmavAda kI naitika-kaThinAI anekAtmavAda naitika-jIvana ke lie vaiyaktikatA kA pratyaya. to prastuta kara detA hai, tathApi aneka AtmAe~ mAnane para bhI kucha naitika-kaThinAiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiN| ina naitika-kaThinAiyoM meM pramukhatama yaha hai ki naitikatA kA samagra prayAsa jisa ahaM ke visarjana ke lie hai, usI ahaM (vaiyaktikatA) ko hI yaha AdhArabhUta banA detA hai| anekAtmavAda meM vaiyaktikatA kabhI bhI pUrNatayA visarjita nahIM ho sktii| isI vaiyaktikatA se rAga aura Asakti kA janma hotA hai, jo tRSNA kA hI eka rUpa hai aura yaha tRSNA hI bandhana kA mUla kAraNa hai| dUsare, 'maiM' yA ahaMkAra bhI baMdhana hI hai| jaina-darzana kA niSkarSa jainadarzana ne isa samasyA kA bhI anekAntadRSTi se sundara samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai| usake anusAra, AtmA eka bhI hai aura aneka bhii| samavAyAMga aura sthAnAMgasUtra (1/1) meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA eka hai| anyatra use aneka bhI kahA gayA hai| TIkAkAroM ne isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra kiyA ki AtmA dravyApekSA se eka hai aura paryAyApekSA se aneka, jaise sindhu kA jala na eka hai aura na aneka / vaha jala-rAzi kI dRSTi se eka hai aura jala-binduoM kI dRSTi se aneka bhii| samasta jala-bindu apanA svatantra astitva rakhate hue usa jala-rAzi se abhinna hI haiN| usI prakAra, ananta cetana AtmAe~ apanA svataMtra astitva rakhate hue bhI apanI cetanA-svabhAva ke kAraNa eka cetana Atmadravya hI haiM (samavAyAMgaTIkA 1/1) / __bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa prazna kA samAdhAna bar3e sundara DhaMga se AgamoM ke TIkAkAroM ke pahale hI kara diyA thaa| ve somila nAmaka brAhmaNa ko apanA dRSTikoNa spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM- 'he somila ! dravyadRSTi se maiM eka hU~, jJAna aura darzana-rUpa do paryAyoM kI pradhAnatA se maiM do huuN| kabhI nyUnAdhika nahIM hone vAle Atma-pradezoM kI dRSTi se maiM akSaya hU~, avyaya hU~, avasthita hU~, kintu tInoM kAloM meM badalate rahane vAle upayoga- svabhAva kI dRSTi se maiM aneka hU~ (bhagavatIsUtra 1/8/10) / ' .. .

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-229 jaina - tattvamImAMsA-81 isa prakAra, bhagavAn mahAvIra jahA~ eka ora dravyadRSTi (Substantial view) se AtmA ke ekatva kA pratipAdana karate haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora, paryAyArthika- daSTi se eka hI jIvAtmA meM cetana-paryAyoM ke pravAha ke rUpa se aneka vyaktitvoM kI saMkalpanA ko bhI svIkAra kara zaMkara ke advaitavAda aura bauddhoM ke kSaNika- AtmavAda kI khAI ko pATane kI koziza karate . jaina-vicAraka AtmAoM meM guNAtmaka antara nahIM mAnate haiM, lekina vicAra kI dizA meM kevala sAmAnya dRSTi se kAma nahIM calatA, vizeSa dRSTi kA bhI apanA sthAna hai| sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke rUpa meM vicAra kI do daSTiyA~ haiM aura donoM kA apanA mahatva hai| mahAsAgara kI jala-rAzi sAmAnya dRSTi se eka hai, lekina vizeSa dRSTi se nahIM, jala-rAzi aneka jala-binduoM kA samUha pratIta hotI hai| yahI bAta AtmA ke viSaya meM hai| cetanA kI paryAyoM kI vizeSa dRSTi se AtmAe~ aneka haiM aura cetanA-dravya kI dRSTi se AtmA eka hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra, Atmadravya eka hai, lekina usameM ananta vaiyaktika AtmAoM kI sattA hai| itanA hI nahIM, pratyeka vaiyaktika AtmA bhI apanI parivartanazIla caitasika avasthAoM ke AdhAra para svayaM bhI eka sthira ikAI na hokara pravAhazIla ikAI hai| jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki AtmA kA caritra yA vyaktitva parivartanazIla hai, vaha dezakAlagata paristhitiyoM meM badalatA rahatA hai, phira bhI vahI rahatA hai| hamAre meM bhI aneka vyaktitva banate aura bigar3ate rahate haiM, phira bhI ve hamAre hI aMga haiN| isa AdhAra para hama unake lie uttaradAyI rahate haiN| isa prakAra, jainadarzana abheda meM bheda, ekatva meM anekatva kI dhAraNA ko sthAna dekara dharma aura naitikatA ke lie eka Thosa AdhAra prastuta karatA hai| jaina-darzana jise jIva kI paryAya avasthAoM kI dhArA kahatA hai, bauddha- darzana use citta-pravAha kahatA hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM pratyeka jIva alaga hai, usI prakAra bauddha-darzana meM pratyeka citta-pravAha alaga hai| jaise bauddhadarzana ke vijJAnavAda meM AlayavijJAna hai, vaise jaina-darzana meM Atmadravya hai, yadyapi hameM ina sabameM rahe hue tAttvika antara ko vismRta nahIM karanA caahie|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-230 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -82 AtmA ke bheda ___jaina-darzana aneka AtmAoM kI sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha pratyeka AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke AdhAra para usake bheda karatA hai| jaina AgamoM meM AtmA ke vibhinna pakSoM kI apekSA se AtmA ke ATha bheda kiye gaye haiM (bhagavatIsUtra 12/10/467)1. dravyAtmA-AtmA kA taattvik-svruup| 2. kaSAyAtmA-krodha, mAna, mAyA Adi kaSAyoM yA manovegoM se yukta cetanA kI avsthaa| 3. yogAtmA-zarIra se yukta hone para cetanA kI kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika-kriyAoM kI avasthA / 4. upayogAtmA-AtmA kI jJAnAtmaka aura anubhUtyAtmaka-zaktiyA~ / yaha AtmA kA cetanAtmaka-vyApAra hai| . 5. jJAnAtmA- cetanA kI cintana kI zakti / 6. darzanAtmA- cetanA kI anubhUtyAtmaka-zakti / 7. caritrAtmA- cetanA kI sNklpaatmk-shkti| 8. vIryAtmA- cetanA kI kriyaatmk-shkti| uparyukta ATha prakAroM meM dravyAtmA, upayogAtmA, jJAnAtmA aura darzanAtmAye cAra tAttvika-AtmA ke svarUpa ke hI dyotaka haiM, zeSa cAra kaSAyAtmA, yogAtmA, caritrAtmA aura vIryAtmA-cAroM AtmA ke anubhavAdhArita svarUpa ke nirdezaka haiN| tAttvika-AtmA dravya kI apekSA se nitya hotI hai, yadyapi usameM jJAnAdi kI paryAyeM hotI rahatI haiN| anubhavAdhArita AtmA kI zarIra se yukta avasthA hai| yaha parivartanazIla evaM vikArayukta hotI hai| AtmA ke baMdhana kA prazna bhI isI anubhavAdhArita AtmA se saMbaMdhita hai| vibhinna darzanoM meM AtmA- siddhAMta ke saMdarbha meM jo pArasparika-virodha dikhAI detA hai, vaha AtmA ke ina do pakSoM meM kisI pakSa-vizeSa para bala dene ke kAraNa hotA hai| bhAratIya-paramparA meM bauddhadarzana ne AtmA ke anubhavAdhArita parivartanazIla pakSa para adhika bala diyA, jabaki sAMkhya aura zAMkara-vedAnta ne AtmA ke tAttvika-svarUpa para hI apanI dRSTi kendrita kii| jaina-darzana

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-231 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-83 donoM hI pakSoM ko svIkAra kara unake bIca samanvaya kA kArya karatA hai| viveka-kSamatA ke AdhAra para AtmA ke bheda viveka-kSamatA kI dRSTi se AtmAe~ do prakAra kI mAnI gaI haiM- 1. samanaska, 2. amanaska / samanaska-AtmAe~ ve haiM, jinheM viveka-kSamatA se. yukta mana upalabdha hai aura amanaska-AtmAe~ ve haiM, jinheM aisI vivekakSamatA se yukta mana upalabdha nahIM hai| jahA~ taka dhArmika-jIvana ke kSetra kA prazna hai, samanaska-AtmAe~ hI naitika AcaraNa kara sakatI haiM aura ve hI dhArmika-sAdhya yukti kI upalabdhi kara sakatI haiM, kyoMki viveka-kSamatA se yukta mana kI upalabdhi hone para hI AtmA meM zubhAzubha kA viveka karane kI kSamatA hotI hai, sAtha hI, isI viveka- buddhi ke AdhAra para ve vAsanAoM kA saMyamana bhI kara sakatI haiN| jina AtmAoM meM aisI viveka-kSamatA kA abhAva hai, unameM saMyama kI kSamatA kA bhI abhAva hotA hai, isalie ve AdhyAtmika-pragati bhI nahIM kara sktiiN| naitika-jIvana ke lie AtmA meM . jIva - trasa . sthAvara (ekendriya) pRthvIkAya * apakAya tejaskAyaM vAyu vanaspati paMcendriya caturindriya trIndriya dvIndriya viveka aura saMyama- donoM kA honA Avazyaka hai aura vaha kevala unhIM meM saMbhava hai, jo samanaska haiN| __yahA~ jaivika-AdhAra para bhI AtmA ke vargIkaraNa para vicAra apekSita hai, kyoMki jaina dharma kA ahiMsA-siddhAMta bahuta kucha isI para nirbhara hai| - jaivika-AdhAra para jIvoM (prANiyoM) kA vargIkaraNa

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-232 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-84 jaina-darzana ke anusAra jaivika-AdhAra para prANiyoM kA vargIkaraNa nimna tAlikA se spaSTa ho sakatA hai__jaivika-dRSTi se jaina-paramparA meM dasa prANa-zaktiyA~ mAnI gayI haiN| sthAvara-ekendriya jIvoM meM cAra zaktiyA~ hotI haiM- 1. sparza-anubhava zakti, 2. zArIrika-zakti, 3. jIvana (Ayu)-zakti aura 4. zvasana-zakti / dvIndriya jIvoM meM ina cAra zaktiyoM ke atirikta svAda aura vANI kI zakti bhI hotI hai| trIndriya jIvoM meM sUMghane kI zakti bhI hotI hai| caturindriya jIvoM meM ina chaha zaktiyoM ke atirikta dekhane kI sAmarthya bhI hotI hai| paMcendriya amanaska jIvoM meM ina ATha zaktiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha zravaNa-zakti bhI hotI hai aura samanaska-paMcendriya jIvoM meM inake atirikta manaHzakti bhI hotI hai| isa prakAra, jaina-darzana meM kula dasa jaivika-zaktiyA~ yA prANa-zaktiyA~ mAnI gayI haiN| hiMsA- ahiMsA ke alpatva aura bahutva Adi kA vicAra inhIM jaivika-zaktiyoM kI dRSTi se kiyA jAtA hai| jitanI adhika prANazaktiyoM se yukta prANI kI hiMsA kI jAtI hai, vaha utanI hI bhayaMkara samajhI jAtI hai| gatiyoM ke AdhAra para jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa jaina-paramparA meM gatiyoM ke AdhAra para jIva cAra prakAra ke mAne gae haiM- 1. deva, 2. manuSya, 3. pazu (tiryaka) aura 4. nAraka / jahA~ taka zakti aura kSamatA kA prazna hai, deva kA sthAna manuSya se U~cA mAnA gayA hai, lekina jahA~ taka AdhyAtmika-naitika-sAdhanA kI bAta hai, jaina- paramparA manuSya-janma ko hI sarvazreSTha mAnatI hai| usake anusAra, mAnava-jIvana hI aisA jIvana hai, jisase mukti yA naitika-pUrNatA prApta kI jA sakatI hai| jaina-paramparA ke anusAra, kevala manuSya hI siddha ho sakatA hai, anya koI nhiiN| bauddha-paramparA meM bhI uparyukta cAroM jAtiyA~ svIkRta rahI haiM, lekina unameM deva aura manuSya- donoM meM hI mukta hone kI kSamatA ko mAna liyA gayA hai| bauddha-paramparA ke anusAra, eka deva binA mAnava-janma grahaNa kiye deva-gati se sIdhe hI nirvANa prApta kara sakatA hai, jabaki jaina-gharamparA ke anusAra, kevala manuSya hI nirvANa kA adhikArI hai| isa prakAra,

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-233 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-85 jaina-paramparA mAnava-janma ko carama mUlyavAn banA detI hai| AtmA kI amaratA AtmA kI amaratA kA prazna naitikatA kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| pAzcAtya- vicAraka kAMTa AtmA kI amaratA ko naitika-jIvana kI susaMgata vyAkhyA ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiN| bhAratIya-AcAradarzanoM ke prAcIna yuga meM AtmA kI amaratA kA siddhAnta vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| usa yuga meM yaha prazna AtmA kI nityatA evaM anityatA ke rUpa meM athavA zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda ke rUpa meM bahucarcita rahA hai| vastutaH, Atma-astitva ko lekara dArzanikoM meM itanA vivAda nahIM hai, vivAda kA viSaya hai- AtmA kI nityatA aura anitytaa| yaha viSaya tattvajJAna kI apekSA naitika-darzana se adhika saMbaMdhita hai| jaina-vicArakoM ne naitika-vyavasthA ko pramukha mAnakara usake AdhAra para hI nityatA aura anityatA kI samasyA kA hala khojane kI koziza kI, ataH yaha dekhanA bhI upayogI hogA ki AtmA ko nitya athavA anitya mAnane para naitika-dRSTi se kauna-sI kaThinAiyA~ utpanna hotI haiN| AtmA kI nityAnityAtmakatA jaina-vicArakoM ne saMsAra aura mokSa kI siddhi ke lie na to nitya-AtmavAda ko upayukta samajhA aura na anitya-AtmavAda ko| ekAnta-nityavAda aura ekAnta-anityavAda- donoM hI sadoSa haiN| AcArya hemacandra donoM ko naitika-darzana kI dRSTi se anupayukta batAte hue likhate haiM- yadi AtmA ko ekAntanitya mAneM, to isakA artha hogA ki AtmA meM avasthAntara athavA sthityantara nahIM hotaa| yadi ise ekAnta anitya mAna liyA jAye, to sukha-duHkha, zubha-azubha Adi bhinna-bhinna avasthAe~ AtmA meM ghaTita nahIM hoNgii| phira, sthityantara yA bhinna-bhinna pariNAmoM, zubhAzubha bhAvoM kI zakyatA na hone se puNya-pApa kI vibhinna vRttiyA~ evaM pravRttiyA~ bhI sambhava nahIM hoMgI, na bandhana aura mokSa kI utpatti hI sambhava hoMgI, kyoMki vahA~ isa kSaNa ke paryAya ne jo kArya kiyA thA, usakA phala

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-234 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-86 dUsare kSaNa ke paryAya ko milegA, kyoMki vahA~ una satata parivartanazIla paryAyoM ke madhya koI anusyUta eka sthAyI tattva (dravya) nahIM hai, ataH yaha kahA jA sakegA ki jisane kiyA thA, use phala nahIM milA aura jisane nahIM kiyA thA, use milA, arthAt naitika karma-siddhAnta kI dRSTi se akRtAgama aura kRtapraNAza kA doSa hogA (vItarAgastotra 8/2/3) / ataH, AtmA ko nitya mAnakara bhI satata parivartanazIla (anitya) mAnA jAye, to usameM zubhAzubha Adi vibhinna bhAvoM kI sthiti mAnane ke sAtha hI usake phaloM kA bhAvAntara meM bhoga bhI sambhava ho skegaa| isa prakAra, jaina-darzana sApekSa rUpa se AtmA ko nitya aura anitya-donoM svIkAra karatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (14/19) meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA amUrta hone ke kAraNa nitya hai| bhagavatIsUtra (9/6/3/87) meM bhI jIva ko anAdi, anidhana, avinAzI, akSaya, dhruva aura nitya kahA gayA hai, lekina saba sthAnoM para nityatA kA artha pariNAmI nityatA hI samajhanA caahie| bhagavatIsUtra evaM vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM isa bAta ko spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra (7/2/273) meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gautama ke prazna kA uttara dete hue AtmA ko zAzvata aura azAzvata -donoM kahA hai "bhagavAn! jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata ?" "gautama! jIva zAzvata (nitya) bhI hai aura azAzvata (anitya) bhii|" "bhagavAn! yaha kaise kahA gayA ki jIva nitya bhI hai, anitya bhI?" "gautama! dravya kI apekSA se nitya hai, bhAva kI apekSA se anity|" AtmA dravya (sattA) kI ora se nitya hai, arthAt AtmA na to kabhI anAtma (jar3a) se utpanna hotI hai aura na kisI bhI avasthA meM apane cetanA-lakSaNa ko chor3akara jar3a banatI hai| isI dRSTi se use nitya kahA jAtA hai, lekina AtmA kI mAnasika avasthAe~ parivartita hotI rahatI haiM, ataH isa apekSA se use anitya bhI kahA gayA hai| Adhunika-darzana kI bhASA meM jaina-darzana ke anusAra, tAttvika- AtmA nitya hai aura anubhavAdhArita-AtmA anitya hai| jisa prakAra svarNAbhUSaNa svarNa kI dRSTi se nitya aura AbhUSaNa kI dRSTi se anitya haiM, usI prakAra AtmA AtmA-tattva kI dRSTi se nitya aura apane vicAroM aura bhAvoM kI dRSTi se

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-235 jaina - tattvamImAMsA-87 anitya hai| jamAlI ke sAtha hue praznottara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane isa dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa kara diyA hai ki ve kisa apekSA se jIva ko nitya mAnate haiM aura kisa apekSA se anitya / bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM- "he jamAlI! jIva zAzvata hai, tInoM kAloM meM aisA koI samaya nahIM hai, jaba yaha jIva (AtmA) nahIM thA, nahIM hai, athavA nahIM hogaa| isI apekSA se yaha jIvAtmA, nitya, dhruva, zAzvata, akSaya aura avyaya hai| he jamAlI! jIva azAzvata hai, kyoMki nAraka marakara tiryaMca hotA hai, tiryaMca marakara manuSya hotA hai, manuSya marakara deva hotA hai| isa prakAra, ina nAnAvasthAoM ko prApta karane ke kAraNa use anitya kahA jAtA hai (bhagavatIsUtra 9/6/387 yA 1/41/4) / " naitika-vicAraNA kI dRSTi se AtmA ko nityAnitya (pariNAmI-nitya) mAnanA hI samucita hai| naitikatA kI dhAraNA meM jo virodhAbhAsa hai, usakA nirAkaraNa kevala pariNAmInitya AtmavAda meM hI sambhava hai| naitikatA kA virodhAbhAsa yaha hai ki jahA~ naitikatA ke Adarza ke rUpa meM jisa Atma-tattva kI vivakSA hai, use nitya, zAzvata, aparivartanazIla, sadaiva samarUpa meM sthita, nirvikAra honA cAhie, anyathA punaH bandhana evaM patana kI sambhAvanAe~ uTha khar3I hoMgI, vahIM dUsarI ora, naitikatA kI vyAkhyA ke lie jisa Atma-tattva kI vivakSA hai, use kartA, bhoktA, vedaka evaM parivartanazIla honA cAhie, anyathA karma aura unake pratiphala aura sAdhanA kI vibhinna avasthAoM kI taratamatA kI upapatti nahIM hogii| jaina-vicArakoM ne isa virodhAbhAsa kI samasyA ke nirAkaraNa kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prathamataH, unhoMne ekAnta-nityAtmavAda aura anityAtmavAda ke doSoM ko spaSTa kara unakA nirAkaraNa kiyA, phira yaha batAyA hai ki virodhAbhAsa to taba hotA hai, jaba nityatA aura anityatA ko eka hI dRSTi se mAnA jAya, lekina jaba vibhinna dRSTiyoM se nityatA aura anityatA kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai, to usameM koI virodhAbhAsa nahIM rahatA hai| jainadarzana AtmA ko paryAyArthika-dRSTi (vyavahAranaya) kI apekSA se anitya tathA dravyArthika-dRSTi (nizcayanaya) kI apekSA se nitya mAnakara apanI AtmA-sambandhI avadhAraNA kA pratipAdana karatA hai|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-236 - jaina-tattvamImAMsA-88 AtmA aura punarjanma __ AtmA kI amaratA ke sAtha punarjanma kA pratyaya jur3A huA hai| bhAratIya-darzanoM meM cArvAka ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI darzana punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra karate haiN| jaba AtmA ko amara mAna liyA jAtA hai, to punarjanma ko svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| gItA (2/22) kahatI hai-"jisa prakAra manuSya vastroM ke jIrNa ho jAne para unakA parityAga kara naye vastra grahaNa karatA rahatA hai, vaise hI AtmA bhI jIrNa zarIra ko chor3akara nayA zarIra grahaNa karatI rahatI hai|" na kevala gItA meM, varan bauddha-darzana meM bhI isI Azaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai (thera gAthA 1/38-388) / DaoN. rAmAnanda tivArI (zaMkara kA AcAra-darzana, pR.68) punarjanma ke pakSa meM likhate haiM- 'eka janma ke siddhAnta ke anusAra cirantana AtmA aura nazvara . zarIra kA sambandha eka kAla- vizeSa meM hI anta ho jAtA hai, kintu cirantana kA kAlika sambandha anyAya (tarka-viruddha) hai aura isa (eka-janma ke) siddhAnta meM usakA koI samAdhAna nahIM hai-punarjanma kA siddhAnta jIvana kI eka nyAyasaMgata aura naitika- vyAkhyA denA cAhatA hai| eka-janma siddhAnta se unakA koI samAdhAna nahIM milatA hai- punarjanma kA siddhAnta jIvana kI eka nyAyasaMgata aura naitika vyAkhyA denA cAhatA hai| eka-janma ke isa siddhAnta ke anusAra, janmakAla meM bhAgadeyoM ke bheda ko akAraNa evaM saMyogajanya mAnanA hogaa|" ___ DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA (jaina sAikolaoNjI, pR.173) karma-siddhAnta ke AdhAra para punarjanma ke siddhAnta kA samarthana karate haiN| unake zabdoM meM"karma-siddhAnta anivArya rUpa se punarjanma ke pratyaya se saMlagna hai, pUrNa vikasita punarjanma-siddhAnta aura karmasiddhAnta eka-dUsare ke ati nikaTa haiM, phira bhI dhArmika kSetra meM vikasita hue kucha darzanoM ne karma ko svIkAra karate hue bhI punarjanma ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| kaTTara pAzcAtya-nirIzvaravAdI-dArzanika nitze ne karma-zakti aura punarjanma para jo vicAra vyakta kiye haiM, ve mahatvapUrNa haiN| ve likhate haiM- karma-zakti ke jo hamezA rUpAntara huA karate haiM, ve maryAdita haiM tathA kAla ananta hai,

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-237 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-89 isalie kahanA par3atA hai ki jo nAmarUpa eka bAra ho cuke haiM, vahIM phira Age yathApUrva kabhI-na-kabhI avazya utpanna hote hI haiM (gItA rahasya-tilaka, pR.268)-|" IsAI aura islAma ke dharmadarzana yaha to mAnate haiM ki vyakti apane naitika- zubhAzubha kRtyoM kA phala anivArya rUpa se prApta karatA hai aura yadi vaha apane kRtyoM ke phaloM ko isa jIvana meM pUrNatayA nahIM bhoga pAtA hai, to maraNa ke bAda unakA phala bhogatA hai, lekina phira bhI ve punarjanma ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra, vyakti ko sRSTi ke ananta meM apane kRtyoM kI zubhAzubhatA ke anusAra hamezA ke lie svarga yA kisI nizcita samaya ke lie naraka meM bheja diyA jAtA hai, vahA~ vyakti apane kRtyoM kA phala bhogatA rahatA hai, isa prakAra ve karma-siddhAnta ko mAnate hue bhI punarjanma. ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| jo vicAraNAe~ karma-siddhAnta ko svIkAra karane para bhI punarjanma ko nahIM mAnatI haiM, ve isa tathya kI vyAkhyA karane meM samartha nahIM ho pAtI haiM ki vartamAna jIvana meM jo naisargika-vaiSamya hai, usakA kAraNa kyA hai? kyoM eka prANI sampanna evaM pratiSThita kula meM janma letA hai, athavA janmanA aindrika evaM bauddhika kSamatA se yukta hotA hai aura kyoM dUsarA daridra evaM hIna kula meM janma letA hai aura janmanA hInendriya evaM bauddhika-dRSTi se pichar3A huA hotA hai? kyoM eka prANI ko manuSya-zarIra milatA hai aura dUsare ko pazu-zarIra milatA hai? yadi isakA kAraNa IzvarecchA hai, to Izvara anyAyI siddha hotA hai| dUsare, vyakti ko apanI akSamatAoM aura unake kAraNa utpanna anaitika-kRtyoM ke lie uttaradAyI nahIM ThaharAyA jA skegaa| khAnAbadoza jAtiyoM meM janma lene vAlA bAlaka saMskAravaza jo anaitika-AcaraNa kA mArga apanAtA hai, usakA uttaradAyitva kisa para hogA? vaiyaktika-vibhinnatAe~ IzvarecchA kA pariNAma nahIM, varan vyakti ke apane kRtyoM kA pariNAma haiN| vartamAna jIvana meM jo bhI kSamatA evaM avasaroM kI suvidhA use anupalabdha hai aura jinake phalasvarUpa use naitika-vikAsa kA avasara prApta nahIM hotA hai, unakA kAraNa bhI vaha svayaM hI hai aura uttaradAyitva bhI usI para hai|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-238 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-90 . naitika-vikAsa kevala eka janma kI sAdhanA kA pariNAma nahIM hai, varan usake pIche janma-janmAntara kI sAdhanA hotI hai| punarjanma kA siddhAnta prANI ko naitika-vikAsa hetu ananta avasara pradAna karatA hai| baiDale naitika-pUrNatA kI upalabdhi ko ananta prakriyA mAnate haiM (ethikala sTaDIz2a, pR.313)| yadi naitikatA AtmapUrNatA evaM Atma-sAkSAtkAra kI. dizA meM satata prakriyA hai, to phira binA punarjanma ke isa vikAsa kI dizA meM Age kaise bar3hA jA sakatA hai? gItA (6/45) meM bhI naitika-pUrNatA kI upalabdhi ke lie aneka janmoM kI sAdhanA Avazyaka mAnI gayI hai| DaoN. TATiyA bhI likhate haiM ki 'yadi AdhyAtmika-pUrNatA (mukti) eka tathya hai, to usake sAkSAtkAra ke lie aneka janma Avazyaka haiM (sTaDIz2a ina jaina philAsaphI, pR.22)| sAtha hI, AtmA ke bandhana ke kAraNa kI vyAkhyA ke lie punarjanma kI dhAraNA ko svIkAra karanA hogA, kyoMki vartamAna bandhana kI avasthA kA kAraNa bhUtakAlIna jIvana meM hI khojA jA sakatA hai| .. jo darzana punarjanma ko svIkAra nahIM karate, ve vyakti ke sAtha samucita nyAya nahIM krte| aparAdha ke lie daNDa Avazyaka hai, lekina isakA artha yaha to nahIM ki vikAsa yA sudhAra kA avasara hI samApta kara diyA jaaye| jaina-darzana punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra karake vyakti ko naitika vikAsa ke avasara pradAna karatA hai tathA apane ko eka pragatizIla darzana siddha karatA hai| punarjanma kI dhAraNA daNDa ke sudhAravAdI-siddhAnta kA samarthana karatI hai, jabaki punarjanma ko nahIM mAnane vAlI naitika-vicAraNAe~ daNDa ke badalA lene ke siddhAnta kA samarthana karatI haiM, jo ki vartamAna yuga meM eka paramparAgata, kintu anucita dhAraNA punarjanma ke viruddha yaha bhI tarka diyA jAtA hai ki yadi vahI AtmA (cetanA) punarjanma grahaNa karatI hai, to phira use pUrva-janmoM kI smRti kyoM nahIM rahatI hai| smRti ke abhAva meM punarjanma ko kisa AdhAra para mAnA jAye? lekina yaha tarka ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki hama aksara dekhate haiM ki hameM apane vartamAna jIvana kI aneka ghaTanAoM kI bhI smRti nahIM rhtii|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-239 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-91 yadi hama vartamAna jIvana ke vismarita bhAga ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, to phira kevala smaraNa ke abhAva meM pUrva-janmoM kI ghaTanAe~ bhI acetana-stara para banI rahatI haiM aura viziSTa avasaroM para cetanA ke stara para bhI vyakta ho jAtI haiN| yaha bhI tarka diyA jAtA hai ki hameM apane jina kRtyoM kI smRti nahIM hai, hama kyoM unake pratiphala kA bhoga kareM? lekina yaha tarka bhI samucita nahIM hai| isase kyA pharka par3atA hai ki hameM apane karmoM kI smRti. hai yA nahIM? hamane unheM kiyA hai, to unakA phala bhoganA hI hogaa| yadi koI vyakti itanA adhika madyapAna kara le ki naze meM use apane kiye hue madyapAna kI smRti bhI nahIM rahe, lekina isase kyA vaha usake naze se baca sakatA hai? jo kiyA hai, usakA bhoga anivArya hai, cAhe usakI smRti ho yA na ho (jaina sAikolAjI-mehatA, pR.175)| - jaina-cintakoM ne isIlie karmasiddhAnta kI svIkRti ke sAtha-sAtha AtmA kI amaratA aura punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina-vicAraNA yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki prANiyoM meM kSamatA evaM avasaroM kI suvidhA Adi kA jo janmanA naisargika vaiSamya hai, usakA kAraNa prANI ke apane hI pUrva-janmoM ke kRtya haiN| saMkSepa meM, vaMzAnugata evaM naisargika-vaiSamya pUrva-janmoM ke zubhAzubha kRtyoM kA phala hai| yahI nahIM, varan anukUla evaM pratikUla pariveza kI upalabdhi bhI zubhAzubha kRtyoM kA phala hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhUta, vartamAna aura bhAvI-janmoM meM zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala-sambandha kI dRSTi se ATha vikalpa mAne gaye haiM- (1) vartamAna ke azubha karma vartamAna janma meM hI phala deveN| (2) vartamAna janma ke azubha karma bhAvI janmoM meM phala deveN| (3) bhUtakAlIna janmoM ke azubha karma vartamAna janma meM phala deveN| (4) bhUtakAlIna janmoM ke azubha karma bhAvI janmoM meM phala deveN| (5) vartamAna janma ke zubha karma vartamAna janma meM phala deveN| (6) vartamAna janma ke zubha karma bhAvI janmoM meM phala deveN| (7) bhUtakAlIna janmoM ke zubha karma vartamAna janma meM phala deveN| (8) bhUtakAlIna janmoM ke zubha karma bhAvI janmoM meM phala deveM (sthAnAMga-sUtra 8/2) /

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-240 - 'jaina-tattvamImAMsA-92 isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM vartamAna jIvana kA sambandha bhUtakAlIna evaM bhAvI janmoM se mAnA gayA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra cAra prakAra kI yoniyA~ haiM- (1) deva (svargIya-jIvana), (2) manuSya, (3) tiryaca (vAnaspatika evaM pazu-jIvana) aura (4) naraka (nArakIya-jIvana) (tattvArthasUtra 8/11) / prANI apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra ina yoniyoM meM janma letA hai| yadi vaha zubha karma karatA hai, to deva aura manuSya ke rUpa meM janma letA hai aura azubha karma karatA hai, to pazu-gati yA nArakIya-gati prApta karatA hai| manuSya marakara pazu bhI ho sakatA hai aura deva bhii| prANI bhAvI-jIvana meM kyA hogA, yaha usake vartamAna jIvana ke AcaraNa para nirbhara karatA hai| pudgala-tattva aura paramANu ___ pudgala ko bhI astikAya-dravya evaM tattva mAnA gayA hai| yaha mUrta : aura acetana tattva dravya hai| yadyapi ajIva (jar3a) tattva ke antargata pudgala ke sAtha-sAtha dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla bhI mAna gaye haiM, kintu inakI vistRta carcA paMca astikAya evaM SadravyoM ke antargata ho cukI hai, ataH yahA~ ajIva-tattva ke antargata pudgala kI carcA kreNge| sAmAnyatayA, pudgala kA lakSaNa zabda, varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi mAnA jAtA hai| isake atirikta, jaina-AcAryoM ne halkApana, bhArIpana, prakAza, aMdhakAra, chAyA, Atapa, zabda, bandha-sAmarthya, sUkSmatva, sthUlatva, saMsthAna, bheda Adi ko bhI pudgala kA lakSaNa mAnA hai| (uttarAdhyayana 28/127 evaM tttvaarth5/23-24)| jahA~ dharma, adharma aura AkAza eka dravya mAne gaye haiM, vahA~ pudgala aneka dravya haiN| jaina-AcAryoM ne pratyeka paramANu ko eka svatantra dravya yA ikAI mAnA hai| vastutaH, yaha pudgala-dravya samasta dRzya-jagat kA mUlabhUta ghaTaka hai| jJAtavya hai ki bauddhadarzana meM aura bhagavatI jaise AgamoM ke prAcIna aMzoM meM pudgala zabda kA prayoga jIva yA cetana-tattva ke lie bhI huA hai, kintu ise paudgalika-zarIra kI apekSA se hI jAnanA caahie| yadyapi bauddha-paramparA meM to pudgala-prajJapti (puggala paJati) nAmaka eka grantha hI hai, jo jIva ke prakAroM Adi kI carcA karatA hai, phira bhI jIvoM ke lie

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-241 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-93 'pudgala' zabda kA prayoga mukhyataH zarIra kI apekSA se hI dekhA jAtA hai| paravartI jaina-dArzanikoM ne to pudagala zabda kA prayoga spaSTataH bhautika-tattva ke lie hI kiyA hai aura use hI dRzya-jagat kA kAraNa mAnA hai, kyoMki jaina-darzana meM pudgala hI aisA tattva hai, jise mUrta yA indriyoM kI anubhUti kA viSaya kahA gayA hai| vastutaH, pudgala ke uparyukta guNa hI use hamArI indriyoM kI anubhUti kA viSaya banAte haiN| - yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jaina-darzana meM prANIya-zarIra, yahA~ taka ki pRthvI, jala, agni aura vanaspati kA zarIra-rUpa dRzya svarUpa bhI pudgala kI hI nirmita hai| vizva meM jo kucha bhI mUrttimAna yA indriya-anubhUti kA viSaya hai, vaha saba pudgala kA khela hai| isa sambandha meM vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya tathya yaha hai ki jaina-darzana meM pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu- ina cAroM ko zarIra kI apekSA pudagalarUpa se mAnane ke kAraNa inameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa- ye cAroM guNa mAne gaye haiM, jabaki vaizeSika Adi darzana mAtra pRthvI ko hI uparyukta cAroM varSoM se yukta mAnate haiN| ve jala ko gandharahita triguNa vAlA, teja ko gandha aura rasarahita mAtra dviguNa vAlA aura vAyu ko mAtra eka sparzaguNavAlA mAnate haiN| yahA~ eka vizeSa tathya yaha bhI hai ki jahA~ anya dArzanikoM ne zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnA hai, vahA~ jaina-dArzanikoM ne zabda ko pudgala kA hI guNa mAnA hai| unake anusAra, AkAza kA guNa to mAtra avagAha arthAt sthAna denA hai| - yaha dRzya-jagat pudgala ke hI vibhinna saMyogoM kA vistAra hai, aneka pudgala-paramANu milakara skaMdha kI racanA karate haiM aura skaMdhoM se hI milakara dRzya-jagat kI sabhI vastue~ nirmita hotI haiN| navIna skaMdhoM ke nirmANa aura pUrva nirmita skandhoM ke saMgaThana aura vighaTana kI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se hI dRzya-jagata meM parivartana ghaTita hote haiM aura vibhinna vastue~ aura padArtha astitva meM Ate haiN| ___jaina-AcAryoM ne pudgala ko skaMdha aura paramANu- ina do rUpoM meM vivecita kiyA hai| vibhinna paramANuoM ke saMyoga se hI skaMdha banatA hai, phira bhI itanA spaSTa hai ki pudgala-dravya kA aMtima ghaTaka to paramANu hI hai| usameM svabhAva se eka rasa, eka varNa, eka gaMdha aura zIta-uSNa yA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-242 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-94 snigdha-rukSa meM se koI do sparza pAye jAte haiN| jaina-AgamoM meM varNa pA~ca mAne gaye haiM- lAla, pIlA, nIlA, sapheda aura kAlA; gaMdha do haiM- sugandha aura durgandha; rasa pA~ca haiM- tikta, kaTu, kasailA, khaTTA aura mIThA aura isI prakAra sparza ATha mAne gaye haiM- zIta aura uSNa, snigdha aura rukSa, mRdu aura karkaza tathA halkA aura bhaarii| isa prakAra, jainadarzana meM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza-guNoM ke bIca bheda mAne gaye haiN| punaH, jainadarzana inameM se pratyeka meM bhI unakI taratamatA. (DigrI yA mAtrA) ke AdhAra para bheda karatA hai, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM- varNa meM lAla, kAlA Adi varNa haiM; kintu inameM bhI lAlimA aura kAlimA ke halke, teja Adi aneka stara dekhe jAte haiN| lAla varNa eka guNa (DigrI) lAla se lagAkara saMkhyAt, asaMkhyAt aura anantaguNa lAla ho sakatA hai| yahI sthiti kAle Adi anya vargoM kI bhI hogii| isI prakAra, rasa meM / khaTTA, mIThA Adi rasa bhI eka hI prakAra ke nahIM hote haiM, unameM bhI taratamatA hotI hai| miThAsa, khaTAsa yA sugandha-durgandha Adi ke bhI anekAneka stara haiN| yahI sthiti uSNa Adi sparzoM kI hai| ni-dArzanikoM ke anusAra, uSmA bhI eka guNa (eka DigrI) se lekara saMkhyAt, asaMkhyAt yA ananta guNa (DigrI) kI ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra, jaina-dArzanikoM ne varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza meM pratyeka- avAntara bheda kiye haiM, tathA taratamatA yA DigrI ke AdhAra para unake ananta bheda bhI mAne haiN| unakA yaha dRSTikoNa Aja bhI vijJAnasammata hai| .. jaina-dArzanikoM ke anusAra, zabda bhASAvargaNA ke pudgaloM kA eka viziSTa prakAra kA pariNAma hai| nimitta-bheda se usake aneka bheda mAne jAte haiN| jo zabda jIva yA prANiyoM ke prayatna se utpanna hotA hai, vaha prAyogika hai aura jo kisI ke prayatna ke binA hI utpanna hotA hai, vaha vainasika hai, jaise- bAdaloM kA grjn| prAyogika zabda ke mukhyataH nimna chaha prakAra haiM- 1. bhASA-manuSya Adi kI vyakta aura pazu, pakSI Adi kI avyakta- aisI anekavidha bhASAe~, 2. tata-camar3e se lapeTe hue vAdyoM arthAt mRdaMga, paTaha Adi kA zabda; 3. vitata- tAra vAle vINA, sAraMgI Adi vAdyoM kA zabda, 4. ghana-jhAlara, ghaMTa Adi kA zabda; 5. zuphri-phUMkakara bajAye

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-243 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-95 jAne vAle zaMkha, bA~surI Adi kA zabda aura 6. saMgharSa- do vastuoM ke gharSaNa se utpanna kiyA gayA zabda / isa prakAra, paraspara AzleSarUpa bandha ke bhI prAyogika aura vainasikaye do bheda haiN| jIva aura zarIra kA bandha tathA lAkha Adi se jor3akara banAI gaI vastuoM kA bandha prayatnasApekSa hone se prAyogika-bandha hai| bijalI, megha, indradhanuSa Adi kA bandha prANI ke prayatna-nirapekSa paudgalika saMzleSa vaistrasika bandha hai| sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva ke bhI antya tathA ApekSika hone se ye do-do prakAra ke bheda haiN| jo sUkSmatva tathA sthUlatva- donoM eka hI vastu meM apekSA-bheda se ghaTita na hoM, ve antya kahe jAte haiM aura jo ghaTita hoM, ve ApekSika kahe jAte haiN| paramANuoM kA sUkSmatva aura jagat-vyApI mahAskandha kA sthUlatva antya hai, kyoMki anya pudgala kI apekSA paramANuoM meM sthUlatva aura mahAskandha meM sUkSmatva ghaTita nahIM hotaa| dvayaNuka Adi madhyavartI skandhoM ke sUkSmatva va sthUlatva- donoM ApekSika haiM, jaise- A~vale kA sUkSmatva aura bilva kA sthUlatva sApekSika haiM, A~valA bilva kI apekSA choTA hai, ataH sUkSma hai aura bilva A~vale kI apekSA bar3A hai, ataH sthUla hai, parantu vahI A~valA bera kI apekSA bar3A hai, kintu vahI bilva kUSmANDa kI apekSA choTA hai| isa prakAra, ApekSika hone se eka hI vastu meM sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva- donoM viruddha guNa-dharma hote haiM, kintu antya-sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva eka vastu meM eka hI sAtha nahIM hote haiN| saMsthAna itthatva aura anitthatva- do prakAra kA hai| jisa AkAra kI kisI ke sAtha tulanA kI jA sake vaha itthatvarUpa hai aura jisakI tulanA na kI jA sake, vaha anitthatvarUpa hai| megha Adi kA saMsthAna (racanA--vizeSa) anitthatvarUpa hai, kyoMki aniyata hone se kisI eka prakAra se usakA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jabaki anya padArthoM kA saMsthAna itthatvarUpa hai, jaise- geMda, siMghAr3A Adi / gola, trikoNa, catuSkoNa, dIrgha, pArimaNDala (valayAkAra) Adi rUpa meM itthatvarUpa-saMsthAna ke aneka bheda haiN| skandharUpa meM pariNata pudgalapiNDa kA vizleSaNa (vibhAga) honA bheda.

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-244 jaina - tattvamImAMsA-96 hai| isake pA~ca prakAra haiM- 1. autkarika-cIre yA khode jAne para hone vAle lakar3I, patthara Adi ke bar3e Tukar3e 2. caurNika-kaNa-kaNa rUpa meM cUrNa ho jAnA, jaise-gehU~, jau Adi kA ATA 3. khaNDa-Tukar3e-Tukar3e hokara TUTa jAnA, jaise- ghar3e ke kapAlAdi; 4. pratara-parateM yA taheM nikalanA, jaisebhojapatra, abhraka Adi; 5. anutaTa-chAla nikalanA, jaise- bA~sa, Ikha Adi kI chaal| isI prakAra, tama arthAt andhakAra, dekhane meM rukAvaTa DAlane vAlA, prakAza kA virodhI eka pariNAma-vizeSa hai| chAyA prakAza ke Upara AvaraNa A jAne se hotI hai| isake do prakAra haiM- darpaNa Adi svaccha padArthoM meM par3ane vAlA mukhAdi kA pratibimba jyoM-kA-tyoM dikhAI detA hai aura anya asvaccha vastuoM para par3ane vAlI parachAI pratibimbarUpa chAyA hai| sUrya Adi kA uSNa prakAza Atapa aura candra, maNi, khadyota Adi kA anuSNa (zItala) prakAza udyota hai| . sparza, varNa, gandha, rasa, zabda Adi sabhI paryAyeM pudgala ke kArya hone se paudgalika mAnI jAtI haiN| (tattvArthasUtra, paM. sukhalAlajI, pR.129-30) jJAtavya hai ki pudgala meM mRdu, karkaza, halkA aura bhArI- cAra sparza bhI hote haiN| ye cAra sparza tabhI saMbhava hote haiM, jaba paramANuoM se skaMdhoM kI racanA hotI hai aura tabhI unameM mRdu, kaThora, halke aura bhArI guNa bhI prakaTa ho jAte haiN| paramANu ekapradezI hotA hai, jabaki skaMdha meM do yA do se adhika asaMkhya pradeza taka bhI ho sakate haiN| skaMdha, skaMdha-deza, skaMdha-pradeza aura paramANu- ye cAra pudgala dravya ke vibhAga haiN| inameM paramANu niravayava hai| Agama meM use Adi, madhya aura anta se rahita batAyA gayA hai, jabaki skaMdha meM Adi aura anta hote haiN| na kevala bhautika vastue~, apitu zarIra, indriyA~ aura mana bhI skaMdhoM kA hI khela hai| skaMdhoM ke prakAra jaina-darzana meM skaMdha ke nimna 6 prakAra mAne gaye haiM1. sthUla- isa varga ke antargata vizva ke samasta Thosa padArtha Ate haiN| isa varga ke skaMdhoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve chinna-bhinna hone para

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-245 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-97 milane meM asamartha hote haiM, jaise-patthara / 2. sthUla- jo skaMdha chinna-bhinna hone para svayaM Apasa meM mila jAte / haiM, ve sthUla skaMdha kahe jAte haiN| isake antargata vizva ke tarala dravya Ate haiM, jaise-pAnI, tela aadi| sthUla-sthUla- jo pudgala-skandha chinna-bhinna nahIM kiye jA sakate hoM, athavA jinakA grahaNa yA lAnA le jAnA saMbhava nahIM ho, kintu jo cakSu indriya ke anubhUti ke viSaya hoM, ve sthUla-sUkSma yA bAdara-sUkSma kahe jAte haiM, jaise-prakAza, chAyA, andhakAra aadi| sUkSma-sthUla- ve viSaya, jo dikhAI nahIM dete haiM, kintu hamArI - aindrika- anubhUti ke viSaya banate haiM, sUkSma-sthUla haiM, jaise- sugandha, zabda aadi| Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se vidyut-dhArA kA pravAha aura anubhUta adRzya gaisa bhI isa varga ke antargata AtI haiN| jaina-AcAryoM ne dhvani, taraMga Adi ko bhI isI varga ke antargata mAnA hai| vartamAna yuga meM ilekTraoNnika mAdhyamoM dvArA citra Adi kA sampreSaNa kiyA jAtA hai, use bhI hama isI varga ke antargata rakha sakate haiN| , 5. sUkSma- jo skaMdha indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiye jA sakate hoM, : ve isa varga ke antargata Ate haiN| jainAcAryoM ne karmavargaNA (jo jIvoM ke baMdhana kA kAraNa hai) manovargaNA, bhASAvargaNA Adi ko isI varga . meM mAnA hai| 6... ati sUkSma- dvayaNuka Adi atyanta choTe skaMdha ati sUkSma mAne gaye haiN| skaMdha ke nirmANa kI prakriyA . skaMdha kI racanA do prakAra se hotI hai- eka ora bar3e-bar3e skaMdhoM ke TUTane se yA choTe-choTe skaMdhoM ke saMyoga se navIna skaMdha banate haiM, to dUsarI ora, paramANuoM meM nihita svAbhAvika snigdhatA aura rUkSatA ke kAraNa paraspara baMdha hotA hai, jisase bhI skaMdhoM kI racanA hotI hai, isalie yaha kahA gayA hai ki saMghAta aura bheda se skaMdha kI racanA hotI hai

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-246 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-98 (saghAtabhedebhyaHutpadyante-tattvArtha 5/26) | saMghAta kA tAtparya ekatrita hona aura bheda kA tAtparya TUTanA yA alaga-alaga honA hai| kisa prakAra ke paramANuoM ke paraspara milane se skaMdha Adi kI racanA hotI hai- isa prazna para bhI jainAcAryoM ne vistRta carcA kI hai| paudagalika-skandha kI utpatti mAtra usake avayavabhUta paramANao ke pArasparika-saMyoga se nahIM hotI hai| isake lie unakI kucha viziSTa yogyatAeM bhI apekSita hotI haiN| pArasparika-saMyoga ke lie unameM snigdhatva (cikanApana), rUkSatva (rUkhApana) Adi guNoM kA honA bhI Avazyaka hai| jaba snigdha aura rUkSa paramANu yA skandha Apasa meM milate haiM, taba unakA bandha (ekatvapariNAma) hotA hai, isI bandha se dvayaNuka Adi skandha banate haiN| snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoM yA skandhoM kA saMyoga sadRza aura visadRza- do prakAra kA hotA hai| snigdha kA snigdha ke sAtha aura rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha sadRza bandha hai| snigdha kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha visadRzabandha hai| .. tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra, jina paramANuoM meM snigdhatva yA rUkSatva kA aMza jaghanya arthAt nyUnatama ho, una jaghanya guNa (DigrI) vAle paramANuoM kA pArasparika- bandha nahIM hotA hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki madhyama aura utkRSTa-saMkhyaka aMzoM vAle snigdha evaM rUkSa- sabhI paramANuoM yA skandhoM kA pArasparika-bandha ho sakatA hai, parantu isameM bhI apavAda hai| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra, samAna aMzoM vAle snigdha tathA rUkSa paramANuoM kA skandha nahIM bntaa| isa niSedha kA phalitArtha yaha bhI hai ki asamAna guNa vAle sadRza avayavI skandhoM kA bandha hotA hai| isa phalitArtha kA saMkoca karake tattvArthasUtra (5/35) meM sadRza asamAna aMzoM kI bandhopayogI maryAdA niyata kI gaI hai| tadanusAra, asamAna aMzavAle sadRza avayavoM meM bhI jabaeka avayava kA snigdhatva yA rUkSatva do aMza, tIna aMza, cAra aMza Adi adhika ho, tabhI una do sadRza avayavoM kA bandha hotA hai, isalie yadi eka avayava ke snigdhatva yA rUkSatva kI apekSA dUsare avayava kA snigdhatva yA rUkSatva kevala eka aMza adhika ho, to bhI una do sadRza avayavoM kA bandha nahIM hotA hai| unameM kama-se-kama do yA do se adhika guNoM kA aMtara

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-247 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-99 honA caahie| paM. sukhalAlajI likhate haiM zvetAmbara aura digambara- donoM paramparAoM meM bandha-sambandhI prastuta tInoM sUtroM meM pAThabheda nahIM hai, para arthabheda avazya hai| arthabheda kI dRSTi se ye tIna bAteM dhyAna dene yogya haiM 1. jaghanyaguNa paramANu eka aMza vAlA ho, taba bandha kA honA yA na honA, 2. 'Adi' pada se tIna Adi aMza lie jAe yA nahIM aura 3. bandhavidhAna kevala sadRza avayavoM ke lie mAnA jAe athavA nhiiN| isa sambandha meM paMDitajI Age likhate haiM 1. tattvArthabhASya aura siddhasenagaNi kI usakI vRtti ke anusAra, jaba donoM paramANu jaghanya guNavAle hoM, tabhI unake bandha kA niSedha hai, arthAt eka paramANu jaghanyaguNa ho aura dUsarA jaghanyaguNa na ho, tabhI unakA bandha hotA hai, parantu sarvArthasiddhi Adi sabhI digambara vyAkhyAoM ke anusAra, eka jaghanyaguNa paramANu kA dUsare ajaghanyaguNa paramANu ke sAtha bhI bandha nahIM hotaa| ... 2. tattvArthabhASya aura usakI vRtti ke anusAra, sUtra 35 ke 'Adi pada kA tIna Adi aMza artha liyA jAtA hai, ataeva usameM kisI eka paramANu se dUsare paramANu meM snigdhatva yA rUkSatva ke aMza do, tIna, cAra tathA bar3hate-bar3hate saMkhyAt, asaMkhyAta ananta adhika hone para bhI bandha mAnA jAtA hai; kevala eka aMza adhika hone para hI bandha nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, parantu sabhI digambara-vyAkhyAoM ke anusAra- kevala do aMza adhika hone para hI bandha mAnA jAtA hai, arthAt eka aMza kI taraha tIna, cAra, saMkhyAt, asaMkhyAt ananta aMza adhika hone para bandha nahIM mAnA jaataa| ..3. bhASya aura vRtti ke anusAra, do, tIna Adi aMzoM ke adhika hone para bandha kA vidhAna sadRza avayavoM para hI lAgU hotA hai, visadRza para nahIM, parantu digambara vyAkhyAoM meM vaha vidhAna sadRza kI bhA~ti visadRza paramANuoM ke bandha para bhI lAgU hotA hai| - isa arthabheda ke kAraNa donoM paramparAoM meM bandha viSayaka jo vidhi-niSedha phalita hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai

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"jaina dharma evaM darzana-248 ... jaina-tattvamImAMsA-100 bhASya-vRtyAnusAra guNa-aMza sadRza visadRza 1. jaghanya+jaghanya nahIM nahIM 2. jaghanya+ekAdhika nahIM hai 3. jaghanya+dvayadhika 4. jaghanya+SyAdi adhika 5. jaghanyetara+sama jaghanyetara ___ nahIM hai.. 6. jaghanyetara+ekAdhika jaghanyetara 7. jaghanyetara+dvayadhika jaghanyetara hai 8. jaghanyetara+tryAdi adhika jaghanyetara hai he to to to to to to. . nahIM nahIM sarvArthasiddhi Adi digambara vyAkhyA-granthoM ke anusAra guNa-aMza sadRza visadRza 1. jaghanya+jaghanya nahIM 2. jaghanya+ekAdhika nahIM nahIM 3. jaghanya+dvayadhika 4. jaghanya+tryAdi adhika . . 5. jaghanyetara+sama jaghanyetara , nahIM nahIM 6. jaghanyetara+ekAdhika jaghanyetara nahIM 7. jaghanyetara+dvayadhika jaghanyetara. hai hai 8. jaghanyetara+tryAdi adhika jaghanyetara nahIM nahIM isa bandha-vidhAna ko spaSTa karate hue apanI tattvArthasUtra kI vyAkhyA meM paM. sukhalAlajI likhate haiM ki snigdhatva aura rUkSatva- donoM sparza-vizeSa haiN| ye apanI-apanI jAti kI apekSA eka-eka rUpa hone para bhI pariNamana kI taratamatA ke kAraNa aneka prakAra ke hote haiN| taratamatA yahA~ taka hotI hai ki nikRSTa snigdhatva aura nikRSTa rUkSatva tathA utkRSTa snigdhatva aura utkRSTa rUkSatva ke bIca anantAnanta aMzoM kA antara rahatA hai, jaise- bakarI aura U~TanI ke dUdha ke snigdhatva meM, snigdhatva donoM meM hI hotA hai, parantu

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-249 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-101 eka meM atyalpa hotA hai aura dUsare meM atyadhika / taratamatAvAle snigdhatva aura rUkSatva-pariNAmoM meM jo pariNAma sabase nikRSTa arthAt avibhAjya ho, use jaghanya aMza kahate haiN| jaghanya ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI jaghanyetara kahe jAte haiN| jaghanyetara meM madhyama aura utkRSTa saMkhyA A jAtI hai| sabase adhika snigdhatva pariNAma utkRSTa hai aura jaghanya tathA utkRSTa ke bIca ke sabhI pariNAma madhyama haiN| jaghanya snigdhatva kI apekSA utkRSTa snigdhatva anantAnanta gunA adhika hone se yadi jaghanya snigdhatva ko eka aMza kahA jAe, to utkRSTa snigdhatva ko anantAnanta aMza parimita mAnanA caahie| do, tIna yAvat saMkhyAt, asaMkhyAt aura ananta se eka kama utkRSTa taka ke sabhI aMza madhyamaM haiN| yahA~ sadRza kA artha hai- snigdha kA snigdha ke sAtha yA rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha honA aura visadRza kA artha hai- snigdha kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha honaa| eka aMza jaghanya hai aura usase eka adhika arthAt do aMza ekAdhika haiN| do aMza adhikaM hoM taba dvayadhika aura tIna aMza adhika hoM taba trayodhika / isI taraha, cAra aMza adhika hone para caturadhika yAvat anantAnanta adhika kahalAtA hai| sama arthAt donoM ke aMzoM kI saMkhyA samAna ho, taba vaha sama haiN| do aMza jaghanyetara kA sama jaghanyetara do aMza hai, do aMza jaghanyetara kA ekAdhika jaghanyetara tIna aMza hai, do aMza jaghanyetara kA dvayadhika jaghanyetara cAra aMza hai, do aMza jaghanyetara kA tryAdhika jaghanyetara pA~ca aMza hai aura caturadhika jaghanyetara cha: aMza hai| isI prakAra, tIna Adi se anantAMza jaghanyetara taka ke sama, ekAdhika, dvayadhika aura jyAdi jaghanyetara aMza hote haiN| - yahA~ yaha bhI bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki samAMza sthala meM sadRza bandha to hotA hI nahIM, visadRza hotA hai, jaise do aMza snigdha kA do aMza rUkSa ke sAtha yA tIna aMza snigdha kA tIna aMza rUkSa ke saath| aise sthala meM koI eka sama dUsare sama ko apane rUpa meM pariNata kara letA hai, arthAt dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke anusAra kabhI snigdhatva rUkSatva ko snigdhatva meM badala detA hai aura kabhI rUkSatva snigdhatva ko rUkSatva meM badala detA hai, parantu adhikAMza sthala meM adhikAMza hI hInAMza ko apane svarUpa meM badala sakatA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-250 jaina - tattvamImAMsA-102 hai, jaise-paMcAMza snigdhatva tIna aMza snigdhatva ko apane rUpa meM pariNata karatA hai, arthAt tIna aMza snigdhatva bhI pA~ca aMza snigdhatva ke sambandha se pA~ca aMza pariNata ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra, pA~ca aMza snigdhatva tIna aMza rUkSatva ko bhI svasvarUpa meM milA letA hai, arthAt rUkSatva snigdhatva meM badala jAtA hai| rUkSatva adhika ho, to vaha apane se kama snigdhatva ko apane rUpa kA banA letA hai| mere vicAra meM yahA~ yaha bhI sambhava hai ki donoM ke milana se aMzoM kI apekSA koI tIsarI avasthA bhI bana sakatI hai| jaina-darzana meM paramANu jainadarzana meM paramANu ko pudgala kA sabase choTA avibhAgI aMza mAnA gayA hai| yathA 'jaMdalaM avibhAgI taM paramANu viyANehi', arthAt jo dravya avibhAgI hai, usako nizcaya se paramANu jaano| isI taraha kI paribhASA DemokriTsa ne bhI dI hai, jisakA ullekha pUrva meM kara Aye haiN| paramANu kA lakSaNa spaSTa karate hue AcArya kundakunda likhate haiM aMtAdi aMtamajjhaM aMtaMtaM va iMdie gejjhaM / jaM avibhAgI davvaM taM paramANuM pasaMsaMti / / - niyamasAra 29 arthAt, paramANu kA vahI Adi, vahI aMta tathA vahI madhya hotA hai| vaha indriyagrAhya nahIM hotaa| vaha sarvathA avibhAgI hai- usake Tukar3e nahIM kiye jA skte| aise avibhAgI dravya ko paramANu kahate haiN| paramANu sat hai, ataH avinAzI hai, sAtha hI utpAda-vyaya-dharmA, arthAt rAsAyanika-svabhAva vAlA bhI hai| isa tathya ko vaijJAnikoM ne bhI mAnA hai| ve bhI paramANu ko rAsAyanika parivartana-kriyA meM bhAga lene yogya pariNamanazIla mAnate haiN| paramANu jaba akelA-asambaddha hotA hai, taba usameM pratikSaNa svabhAvAnukUla paryAyeM yA avasthAe~ hotI rahatI haiM tathA jaba vaha anya paramANu se sambaddha hokara skaMdha kI dazArUpa meM hotA hai, taba usameM vibhAva yA svabhAvetara paryAyeM bhI dravita hotI rahatI haiN| isI kAraNa hI use dravya kahA jAtA hai| dravya kI vyutpatti kA samyak artha yahI hai ki jo dravita arthAt parivartita ho| paramANu bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-251 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-103 paramANu kI utpatti yahAM paramANu kI utpatti kA tAtparya usakA astitva meM Ane se nahIM, kyoMki paramANu sat-svarUpa hai| sat kI na to utpatti hotI hai aura na naash| sat to sadAkAla anAdi-anaMta hai, ataH vaha avinAzI hai| yahAM paramANu kI utpatti kA tAtparya mile hue paramANuoM ke samUha se yA skaMdhoM se vikhaNDita hokara paramANu kA AvirbhAva hai| vastutaH, paramANuoM se skandha aura skandha se paramANu AvirbhUta hote rahate haiN| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra, bhedAdaNuH, arthAt bheda se aNu prakaTa hotA hai, kintu yaha bheda kI prakriyA taba taka honI cAhie, jaba pudgala skaMdha ekapradezI aMtima ikAI ke rUpa meM avibhAjya na ho jaaye| yaha avibhAjya paramANu kisI bhI iMdriya yA aNuvIkSaNa-yaMtrAdi se bhI grAhya (dRSTigocara) nahIM hotA hai| jainadarzana meM ise kevala sarvajJa ke jJAna kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi karate hue prophesara jAna pille likhate haiM- vaijJAnika pahale aNu ko hI pudgala kA sabase choTA, abhedya aMza mAnate the, parantu jaba usake bhI vibhAga hone lage, to unhoMne apanI dhAraNA badala dI aura aNu ko mAlIkyUla arthAt sUkSma skandha nAma diyA tathA paramANu ko eTama nAma diyA, kintu aba to paramANu ke bhI nyUTrAna, proTAna aura ilekTrAna jaise bheda kara diye gaye haiM, jisase siddha hotA hai ki Adhunika vaijJAnikoM kA paramANu avibhAgI nahIM hai| jaina-darzana to aise paramANu ko bhI sUkSma skandha hI kahatA hai| pudgala ke samAna paramANu meM bhI varNa, rasa, gaMdha, eka rasa aura mAtra do sparza- zIta aura uSNa meM se koI eka tathA snigdha aura rUkSa meM se koI eka pAye jAte haiN| . jainAcAryoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhoMne zabda, aMdhakAra, prakAza, chAyA, garmI Adi ko pudgala-dravya kA hI paryAya mAnA hai| isa dRSTi se jainadarzana kA pudgala-vicAra Adhunika vijJAna ke bahuta adhika nikaTa hai| - jainadarzana kI hI aisI aneka mAnyatAeM haiM, jo kucha varSoM taka avaijJAnika va pUrNataH kAlpanika lagatI thIM, kintu Aja vijJAna se pramANita

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-252 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-104 ho rahI haiM, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM- prakAza, andhakAra, tApa, chAyA, zabda Adi paudgalika haiM- jaina AgamoM kI isa mAnyatA para koI vizvAsa nahIM karatA thA, kintu Aja unakI paudgalika siddha ho cukI hai| jaina-AgamoM kA kathana hai ki zabda na kevala paudgalika hai, apitu vaha dhvanirUpa meM uccarita hokara lokAnta taka kI yAtrA karatA hai, isa tathya ko kala taka koI bhI svIkAra nahIM karatA thA, kintu Adhunika vaijJAnika-khojoM ne aba isa tathya ko siddha kara diyA hai ki pratyeka dhvani uccarita hone ke bAda apanI yAtrA prArambha kara detI hai aura usakI yaha yAtrA, cAhe atyanta sUkSma rUpa meM kyoM na ho, lokAnta taka hotI hai| jainoM kI yaha avadhAraNA ki avadhijJAnI carma-cakSu ke dvArA gRhIta nahIM ho rahe dUrastha viSayoM kA sIdhA pratyakSIkaraNa kara letA hai- kucha varSoM pUrva taka yaha kapolakalpanA hI lagatI thI, kintu Aja jaba TelIvijana kA AviSkAra ho cukA hai, yaha bAta bahuta Azcaryajanaka nahIM rahI hai| jisa prakAra se dhvani kI yAtrA hotI hai, usI prakAra se pratyeka bhautika-piNDa se prakAza-kiraNeM parAvartita hotI haiM aura ve bhI dhvani ke samAna hI loka meM apanI yAtrA karatI haiM tathA pratyeka vastu yA ghaTanA kA citra vizva meM saMpreSita kara detI haiN| Aja yadi mAnava-mastiSka meM TelIvijana-seTa kI hI taraha citroM ko grahaNa karane kA sAmarthya vikasita ho jAye, to dUrastha padArthoM evaM ghaTanAoM ke hastAmalakavat jJAna meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahegI, kyoMki pratyeka padArtha se prakAza va chAyA ke rUpa meM jo kiraNeM parAvartita ho rahI haiM, ve to hama sabake pAsa pahu~ca hI rahI haiN| Aja yadi hamAre caitanya mastiSka kI grahaNa-zakti vikasita ho jAe, to dUrastha viSayoM kA jJAna asambhava nahIM hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcIna dhArmika kahe jAne vAle sAhitya meM bhI bahuta-kucha aisA hai, jo yA to Aja vijJAnasammata siddha ho cukA hai, athavA jisake vijJAnasammata siddha hone kI sambhAvanA abhI pUrNataH nirasta nahIM huI hai| __ aneka Agama- vacana yA sUtra aise haiM, jo kala taka avaijJAnika pratIta hote the, ve Aja vaijJAnika siddha ho rahe haiN| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, ina sUtroM kI vaijJAnika-jJAna ke prakAza meM jo vyAkhyA kI gayI, vaha adhika samIcIna pratIta hotI hai, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, paramANuoM ke pArasparika

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-253 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-105 bandhana se skandha ke nirmANa kI prakriyA ko samajhAne hetu tattvArthasUtra ke pA~caveM adhyAya kA eka sUtra hai- snigdharUkSatvAt bandhaH / isameM snigdha aura rukSa paramANuoM ke eka-dUsare se jur3akara skandha banAne kI bAta kahI gayI hai| sAmAnya rUpa se isakI vyAkhyA yaha kahakara hI kI jAtI thI ki snigdha (cikane) evaM rUkSa (khuradure) paramANuoM meM bandha hotA hai, kintu Aja isa sUtra kI vaijJAnika dRSTi se vyAkhyA hogI, to snigdha arthAt dhanAtmaka-vidyut se Avezita evaM rukSa arthAt RNAtmaka-vidyut se Avezita sUkSma-kaNa, jainadarzana kI bhASA meM paramANu, paraspara milakara skandha (Molecule) kA nirmANa karate haiN| isa prakAra to tattvArthasUtra kA yaha sUtra adhika vijJAnasammata pratIta hotA hai| pro. jI.Ara. jaina ne apanI pustaka bvauvasavahala vsaka daka chamU meM isa sambandha meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai aura isa sUtra kI vaijJAnikatA ko siddha kiyA hai| jahA~ taka bhautika-tattva ke astitva evaM svarUpa kA prazna hai, vaijJAnikoM evaM jaina-AcAryoM meM adhika matabheda nahIM haiN| paramANu yA pudgala-kaNoM meM jisa ananta zakti kA nirdeza jaina AcAryoM ne kiyA thA, vaha aba Adhunika vaijJAnika anveSaNoM se siddha ho rahA hai| Adhunika vaijJAnika isa tathya ko siddha kara cuke haiM ki eka. paramANu kA visphoTa bhI kitanI adhika zakti kA sRjana kara sakatA hai| vaise bhI, bhautika-piNDa yA -pudgala kI avadhAraNA ko lekara vaijJAnikoM evaM jaina-vicArakoM meM koI adhika matabheda nahIM dekhA jaataa| paramANuoM ke dvArA skandha (Molecule) kI racanA kA jaina-siddhAnta kitanA vaijJAnika hai, isakI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| vijJAna jise paramANu kahatA thA, vaha aba TUTa cukA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha haiM ki vijJAna ne jise paramANu mAna liyA thA, vaha paramANu thA hI nahIM, baha to skandha hI thA, kyoMki jainoM kI paramANu kI paribhASA yaha hai ki jisakA vibhAjana nahIM ho sake, aisA bhautika-tattva paramANu hai| isa prakAra, Aja hama dekhate haiM ki vijJAna kA tathAkathita paramANu khaNDita ho cukA hai, jabaki jainadarzana kA paramANu abhI vaijJAnikoM kI pakar3a meM A hI nahIM pAyA hai| vastutaH, jainadarzana meM jise paramANu kahA jAtA hai, use Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ne kvArka nAma diyA hai aura ve Aja bhI

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-254 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-106 usakI khoja meM lage hue haiN| samakAlIna bhautikIvidoM kI kvArka kI paribhASA yaha hai ki jo vizva kA saralatama aura antima ghaTaka hai, vahI kvArka hai| Aja bhI kvArka ko vyAkhyAyita karane meM vaijJAnika saphala nahIM ho pAe haiN| Adhunika vijJAna prAcIna jaina-avadhAraNAoM ko sampuSTa karane meM kisa prakAra sahAyaka huA hai, usakA eka udAharaNa yaha hai ki jaina tattva-mImAMsA meM eka ora yaha avadhAraNA rahI hai ki eka pudgala-paramANu jitanI jagaha gheratA hai- vaha eka AkAza-pradeza kahalAtA hai, dUsare zabdoM meM, eka AkAza-pradeza meM eka paramANu hI raha sakatA hai, kintu dUsarI ora, AgamoM meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki eka AkAza-pradeza meM ananta pudgala-paramANu samA sakate haiN| isa virodhAbhAsa kA sIdhA samAdhAna hamAre pAsa nahIM thA, lekina vijJAna ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki vizva meM kucha aise Thosa dravya haiM, jinakA eka varga iMca kA vajana lagabhaga 8 sau Tana hotA hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki jinheM hama Thosa samajhate haiM, ve vastutaH kitane pole haiM, ataH sUkSma avagAhana-zakti ke kAraNa yaha saMbhava hai ki eka hI AkAza-pradeza meM ananta paramANu bhI samAhita ho jaaeN| . jainadarzana kA paramANuvAda Adhunika vijJAna ke kitanA nikaTa hai, isakA vistRta vivaraNa zrI uttamacanda jaina ne apane lekha 'jainadarzana kA tAttvika-pakSa paramANuvAda' meM diyA hai| hama yahA~ unake mantavya kA kucha aMza AMzika-parivartana ke sAtha uddhRta kara rahe haiMjaina-paramANuvAda aura Adhunika vijJAna jaina-darzana kI paramANuvAda para AdhArita nimna ghoSaNAe~ Adhunika vijJAna ke parIkSaNoM dvArA satya sAbita ho cukI haiM1. paramANuoM ke vibhinna prakAra ke yaugika, unakA vikhaNDana evaM saMlayana, visaraNa, unakI baMdha, zakti, sthiti, prabhAva, svabhAva, saMkhyA Adi kA atisUkSma vaijJAnika-vivecana jaina-granthoM meM vistRta rUpa meM upalabdha hai| 2. pAnI svataMtra tattva nahIM, apitu pudgala kI hI eka avasthA hai| yaha

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-255 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-107 vaijJAnika satya hai ki jala yaugika hai| 3. zabda AkAza kA guNa nahIM, apitu bhASAvargaNArUpa skaMdhoM kA avasthAntara hai, isalie yaMtragrAhya hai| vizva kisI ke dvArA nirmita nahIM, kyoMki sat kI utpatti yA vinAza saMbhava nhiiN| sat kA lakSaNa hI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayukta honA hai| pudgala nirmita vizva mithyA evaM asat nahIM hai, sat-svarUpa 5. prakAza, aMdhakAra tathA chAyA- ye pudgala kI hI pRthak-pRthak paryAya haiM, yaMtra grAhya haiN| inake svarUpa kI siddhi Adhunika sinemA, phoTogrAphI, kemarA Adi dvArA ho cukI hai| Atapa evaM udyota bhI paramANu evaM skaMdhoM kI hI paryAya haiM, saMgrahaNIya 7. jIva tathA pudgalaM ke eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra taka Ane-jAne meM sahakArI acetana amUrtika-dharma nAmaka dravya hai, jo sarva jagat meM vyApta hai| vijJAnavettAoM ne use Izvara nAma diyA hai| 9. jIva aura pudgaloM kI sthiti (Thaharane) meM adharma-dravya sahakArI hai, jise amUrta, acetana evaM vizvavyApI batAyA gayA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne . ise gurutvAkarSaNa-zakti nAma diyA hai| .. 10. AkAza eka svatantra dravya hai, jo samasta dravyoM ko avakAza (sthAna) pradAna karatA hai| vijJAna kI bhASA meM ise 'spesa' kahate haiN| kAla bhI eka bhinna svataMtra dravya hai, jise minkoM ne 'phora DAimenzanala thyorI' ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai / samaya ko kAla-dravya kI hI eka paryAya mAnA gayA hai| (dekhie-sanmati sandeza, pharavarI, 67, pRSTha 24, pro.. nihAlacanda) 12. vanaspati ekendriya-jIva hai, usameM sparza-saMbaMdhI jJAna hotA hai| sparza-jJAna ke kAraNa hI 'lAjavantI' nAmaka paudhA sparza karate hI jhuka jAtA hai| vanaspati meM prANa-siddhi karane vAle prasiddha vaijJAnika jagadIzacandra basu haiN| vanaspati-zAstra cetanatattva ko proToplAjma nAma detA hai|

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14. 17. jaina dharma evaM darzana-256 . jaina- tattvamImAMsA-108 13. jainadarzana ne anekAMtasvarUpa vastu ke vivecana kI paddhati syAdvAda batAyA, jise vaijJAnika AiMsTIna ne sApekSavAda-siddhAMta ke nAma se prasiddha kiyA hai| jainadarzana eka lokavyApI mahAskaMdha ke astitva ko bhI mAnatA hai, jisake nimitta se tIrthaMkaroM ke janma Adi kI khabara jagat meM sarvatra phaila jAtI hai, yaha tathya Aja TelIpaithI ke rUpa meM mAnya hai| pudagala ko zakti-rUpa meM parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai, parantu maiTara aura usakI zakti ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 16. iMdriya, zarIra, bhASA Adi 6 prakAra kI paryAptiyoM kA varNana Adhunika jIvanazAstra meM kozikAoM aura tantuoM ke rUpa meM hai| jIva-vijJAna tathA vanaspati-vijJAna kA jaina-vargIkaraNa Adhunika jIvanazAstra tathA vanaspatizAstra dvArA AMzika rUpa meM svIkRta ho. cukA hai| 18. tattvArthasUtra meM varNita sUrya, tArA, nakSatra Adi kI Ayu, prakAra, avasthAe~ Adi kA sUkSma varNana Adhunika saurya-jagat ke adhyayana se AMzika rUpa meM pramANita hotA hai, yadyapi kucha antara bhI hai| prayoga se prApta satya kI taraha cintana se prApta satya sthUla AkAra meM sAmane nahIM AtA, ataH sAdhAraNatayA janatA kI zraddhA ko apanI ora AkRSTa karanA vijJAna ke lie jitanA sahaja hai, darzana ke lie utanA nhiiN| itanA hone para bhI donoM kitane najadIka haiM- yaha dekhakara Azcaryacakita honA par3atA hai| zrI uttamacanda jaina kI uparyukta tulanA kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki jaina-darzana kA paramANuvAda Aja vijJAna ke ati nikaTa hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai- hama apanI Agamika-mAnyatAoM kA vaijJAnika-vizleSaNa kara unakI satyatA kA parIkSaNa kreN| jaina-tattvamImAMsA aura Adhunika vijJAna yaha satya hai ki Adhunika vijJAna kI pragati ke pariNAmasvarUpa vibhinna dharmoM aura darzanoM kI loka ke svarUpa evaM sRSTi-sambandhI tathA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-257 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-109 khagola-bhUgola-sambandhI aneka prAcIna mAnyatAoM para praznacihna laga gaye haiN| isakA pariNAma yaha huA hai ki kucha prabuddhajanoM ne vaijJAnika mAnyatAoM ko carama satya svIkAra karake vividha dharmoM kI paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ko kAlpanika evaM aprAmANika batAnA prArambha kara diyaa| phalasvarUpa, aneka dharmAnuyAyioM kI zraddhA ko Thesa pahu~cI aura Apta-puruSoM ke vacana yA sarvajJa ke kathana meM athavA AgamoM ke AptapraNIta hone meM unheM saMdeha hone lgaa| isa sambandha meM aneka patra-patrikAoM meM gaveSaNAparaka lekhoM ke mAdhyama se paryApta UhApoha bhI huA aura donoM pakSoM ne apanI bAta ko yuktisaMgata siddha karane kA prayatna kiyaa| vizeSa rUpa se yaha bAta taba adhika vivAdAspada viSaya bana gaI, jaba pAzcAtya vaijJAnikoM ne candramA kI saphala yAtrA kara lI aura usa sambandha meM aneka aise Thosa pramANa prastuta kara die, jo vibhinna dharmoM kI khagola-bhUgola-sambandhI mAnyatAoM ke virodha meM jAte haiN| yaha satya hai ki vijJAna ke mAdhyama se dharma ke kSetra meM andhavizvAsa evaM mithyA dhAraNAeM samApta huI haiM, kintu jo loga vaijJAnika-niSkarSoM ko carama satya mAnakara dharma va darzana ke niSkarSoM para aura unakI upayogitA para cihna lagA rahe haiM, ve bhI kisI bhrAnti meM haiN| yaha eka suspaSTa tathya hai ki kAlakrama meM pUrvavartI aneka vaijJAnika-dhAraNAeM avaijJAnika bana cakI haiN| na to vijJAna aura na prabuddha vaijJAnika isa bAta kA dAvA karate haiM ki hamAre jo niSkarSa haiM, ve antima satya haiN| jaise-jaise vaijJAnika-jJAna meM pragati ho rahI hai, vaise-vaise vaijJAnikoM kI hI pUrva sthApita mAnyatAeM nirasta hokara navIna-navIna niSkarSa evaM mAnyatAeM sAmane A rahI haiM, ataH Aja na to vijJAna se bhayabhIta hone kI AvazyakatA hai aura na pUrvavartI mAnyatAoM ko pUrNataH nirarthaka yA kAlpanika kahakara asvIkAra kara dene meM koI aucitya hai| ucita yahI hai ki dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM jo mAnyatAeM nirvivAda rUpa se vijJAnasammata siddha ho rahI haiM, unheM svIkAra kara liyA jAe, zeSa ko bhAvI vaijJAnika-parIkSaNoM ke lie parikalpanA ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAe, kyoMki dharmagranthoM meM ullekhita jo ghaTanAeM evaM mAnyatAeM kucha varSoM pUrva taka kapola-kalpita lagatI thIM, ve Aja vijJAnasammata siddha

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-258 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-110 ho rahI haiN| sau varSa pUrva dharmagranthoM meM ullekhita AkAzagAmI vimAnoM kI bAta athavA dUrastha dhvaniyoM ko suna pAne aura dUrastha ghaTanAoM ko dekha pAne kI bAta kAlpanika lagatI thI, kintu Aja ve yathArtha bana cukI haiN| jainadharma kI hI aisI aneka mAnyatAeM haiM, jo kucha varSoM pUrva taka avaijJAnika va pUrNataH kAlpanika lagatI thIM, Aja vijJAna se pramANita ho rahI haiM, udAharaNa ke rUpa meM- prakAza, andhakAra, tApa, chAyA aura zabda Adi paudgalika haiM- jaina AgamoM kI isa mAnyatA para koI vizvAsa nahIM karatA thA, kintu Aja unakI paudgalikatA siddha ho cukI hai| jaina AgamoM kA yaha kathana hai ki zabda na kevala paudgalika hai, apitu vaha dhvani rUpa meM uccarita hokara lokAntaM taka kI yAtrA karatA hai- isa tathya ko kala taka koI bhI svIkAra nahIM karatA thA, kintu Adhunika vaijJAnika-khojoM ne aba isa tathya ko siddha kara diyA hai ki pratyeka dhvani uccarita hone ke bAda apanI yAtrA prArambha kara detI hai aura usakI yaha yAtrA, cAhe atyanta kSINa rUpa meM hI kyoM na ho, lokAnta taka hotI hai| jainoM kI kevalajJAna sambandhI yaha avadhAraNA ki kevalI yA sarvajJa samasta loka padArthoM ko hastAmalakavat pratyakSa rUpa se jAnatA hai, athavA avadhijJAna sambandhI yaha avadhAraNA ki avadhijJAnI carma-cakSu ke dvArA gRhIta nahIM ho rahe, dUrastha viSayoM kA sIdhA pratyakSIkaraNa kara letA hai- kucha varSoM pUrva taka yaha saba kapolakalpanA hI lagatI thI, kintu Aja jaba TelIvijana kA AviSkAra ho cukA hai, yaha bAta bahuta Azcaryajanaka nahIM rahI hai| jisa prakAra se dhvani kI yAtrA hotI hai, usI prakAra se pratyeka bhautika piNDa se prakAza-kiraNe parAvartita hotI haiM aura ve bhI dhvani ke samAna hI loka meM apanI yAtrA karatI haiM tathA pratyeka vastu yA ghaTanA kA citra vizva meM saMpreSita kara detI haiN| Aja yadi mAnava-mastiSka meM TelIvijana-seTa kI hI taraha citroM ko grahaNa karane kI sAmarthya vikasita ho jAe, to dUrastha padArthoM evaM ghaTanAoM ke hastAmalakavat jJAna meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahegI, kyoMki pratyeka padArtha se prakAza va chAyA ke rUpa meM jo kiraNeM parAvartita ho rahI haiM, ve to hama sabake pAsa pahuMca hI rahI haiN| Aja yadi hamAre caitanya mastiSka kI grahaNa-sAmarthya vikasita ho jAya, to dUrastha viSayoM kA jJAna asambhava nahIM hai| isase yaha

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-259 jaina - tattvamImAMsA-111 spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcIna dhArmika kahe jAne vAle sAhitya meM bhI bahuta kucha aisA hai, jo yA to Aja vijJAnasammata siddha ho cukA hai, athavA jisake vijJAnasammata siddha hone kI sambhAvanA abhI pUrNataH nirasta nahIM huI hai| aneka Agama-vacana yA sUtra aise haiM, jo kala taka avaijJAnika pratIta hote the, ve Aja vaijJAnika pratIta ho rahe haiN| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, ina sUtroM kI jo vaijJAnika- vyAkhyA kI gayI, vaha adhika samIcIna pratIta hotI hai| (udAharaNa ke rUpa meM- paramANuoM ke pArasparika-bandhana se skandha ke nirmANa kI prakriyA ko samajhAne hetu tattvArthasUtra ke pA~caveM aE ya kA eka sUtra AtA hai- snigdharUkSatvAd bandhaH / isameM snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoM ke eka-dUsare se jur3akara skandha banAne kI bAta kahI gayI hai| sAmAnya rUpa se isakI vyAkhyA yaha kahakara hI kI jAtI thI ki snigdha T (cikane) evaM rUkSa (khuradure) paramANu meM bandha hotA hai, kintu Aja jaba hama isa sUtra kI vaijJAnika-vyAkhyA karate haiM ki snigdha arthAt dhanAtmaka-vidyut se Avezita evaM rUkSa arthAta RNAtmaka-vidyut se Avezita sUkSma-kaNa, jaina-darzana kI bhASA meM paramANu, paraspara milakara skandha kA nirmANa karate haiM, to tattvArthasUtra kA yaha sUtra adhika vijJAnasammata pratIta hotA hai| isI prakAra, AcArAMgasUtra meM vAnaspatika jIvana kI prANIya-jIvana se jo tulanA kI gaI hai, vaha Aja adhika vijJAnasammata siddha ho rahI hai| AcArAMga kA yaha kathana hai ki vAnaspatika-jagat meM usI prakAra kI saMvedanazIlatA hai, jaisI prANI-jagat meM isa tathya ko sAmAnyatayA pAzcAtya vaijJAnikoM kI Adhunika khojoM ke pUrva satya nahIM mAnA jAtA thA, kintu sara jagadIzacandra basu aura anya jaiva-vaijJAnikoM ne aba isa tathya kI puSTi kara dI hai ki vanaspati meM bhI prANI-jagat kI taraha hI saMvedanazIlatA hai, ataH Aja AcArAMga kA kathana vijJAnasammata siddha hotA hai| ___ hameM yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanA hai ki na to vijJAna dharma kA zatru hai aura na dhArmika- AsthAoM ko khaNDita karanA hI usakA uddezya hai, yaha jise khaNDita karatA hai, ve hamAre tathAkathita dhArmika-andhavizvAsa hote haiM, sAtha hI hameM yaha bhI samajhanA cAhiye ki vaijJAnika-khojoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa aneka dhArmika-avadhAraNAeM puSTa hI huI haiN| aneka dhArmika AcAra-niyama, .

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-260 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -112 jo kevala hamArI zAstra ke prati zraddhA ke bala para Tike the, aba unakI vaijJAnika-upayogitA siddha ho rahI hai| jaina-paramparA meM rAtri bhojana kA niSedha eka sAmAnya niyama hai, cAhe paramparAgata rUpa meM rAtri bhojana ke sAtha hiMsA kI bAta jar3I ho, kintu Aja rAtri-bhojana kA niSedha mAtra hiMsA-ahiMsA ke AdhAra para sthita na hokara jIva-vijJAna, cikitsAzAstra aura AhArazAstra kI dRSTi se adhika vijJAnasammata siddha ho rahA hai| sUrya ke prakAza meM bhojana ke viSANuoM ko naSTa karane kI tathA zarIra meM bhojana ko pacAne kI jo sAmarthya hotI hai, vaha rAtri ke andhakAra meM nahIM hotI- yaha bAta vijJAnasammata siddha ho cukI hai| isI prakAra, sUryAsta ke bAda bhojana cikitsAzAstra kI dRSTi se bhI anucita mAnA jAne lagA hai| cikitsakoM ne batAyA hai ki rAtri meM bhojana ke bAda apekSita mAtrA meM pAnI na grahaNa karane se bhojana kA paripAka samyaka rUpa se nahIM hotA hai| yadi vyakti jala kI samyak mAtrA kA grahaNa karane kA prayAsa karatA hai, to use bAra-bAra mUtra-tyAga ke lie uThanA hotA hai, phalasvarUpa nidrA bhaMga hotI hai| nIMda pUrI na hone ke kAraNa vaha subaha derI se uThatA hai aura isa prakAra na kevala usakI prAtaHkAlIna dinacaryA asta-vyasta hotI hai, apitu vaha apane zarIra ko bhI aneka vikRtiyoM kA ghara banA letA hai| jainoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se avadhAraNA thI ki ve annakaNa, jo aMkurita ho rahe haiM, athavA kisI vRkSa Adi kA vaha hissA, jahA~ aMkuraNa ho rahA hai, ve anantakAya haiM aura anantakAya kA bhakSaNa adhika pApakArI hai| Aja taka yaha eka sAdhAraNa siddhAnta lagatA thA, kintu Aja vaijJAnika-gaveSaNA ke AdhAra para yaha siddha ho rahA hai ki jahA~ bhI jIvana ke vikAsa kI sambhAvanAe~ haiM, usake bhakSaNa yA hiMsA se ananta jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, kyoMki jIvana ke vikAsa kI vaha prakriyA kitane jIvoM ko janma degIyaha batA pAnA bhI sambhava nahIM hai, yadi hama usakI hiMsA karate haiM, jIvana kI jo navIna sata dhArA calane vAlI thI, use hI hama bIca meM avarUddha kara dete haiN| isa prakAra, ananta jIvana ke vinAza ke karttA siddha hote haiN| isI prakAra, mAnava kA svAbhAvika AhAra zAkAhAra hai| mAMsAhAra

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-261 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-113 evaM aNDe Adi ke sevana se kauna-se rogoM kI utpatti hotI hai Adi tathyoM kI prAmANika-jAnakArI Adhunika vaijJAnika-khojoM ke dvArA hI sambhava huI hai| Aja vaijJAnikoM aura cikitsAzAstriyoM ne apanI khojoM ke mAdhyama se mAMsAhAra ke doSoM kI jo vistRta vivecanAeM kI haiM, ve saba, jaina-AcArazAstra kitanA vaijJAnika hai- isakI hI puSTi karate haiN| isI prakAra, paryAvaraNa kI zuddhi ke lie jaina-paramparA meM vanaspati, jala Adi ke anAvazyaka dohana para jo pratibandha lagAyA gayA hai, vaha Aja kitanA sArthaka hai, yaha bAta Aja hama binA vaijJAnika-khojoM ke nahIM samajha skte| paryAvaraNa ke mahattva ke lie aura use dUSita hone se bacAne ke lie jaina-AcArazAstra kI bhUmikA kitanI mahatvapUrNa hai, isakI puSTi Aja vaijJAnika-khojoM ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava ho sakI hai| Aja vaijJAnika-jJAna ke pariNAmasvarUpa hama dhArmika AcAra-sambandhI aneka mAnyatAoM kA samyaka mUlyAMkana kara sakate haiM aura isa prakAra vijJAna kI khoja dharma ke lie upayogI siddha ho sakatI hai| jaina dharma evaM darzana kI jo bAteM kala taka avaijJAnika-sI lagatI thIM, Aja vaijJAnika-khojoM ke phalasvarUpa satya siddha ho rahI haiM, ataH vijJAna ko dharma va darzana kA virodhI na mAnakara usakA sampUraka hI mAnanA hogaa| Aja jaba hama jaina-tattvamImAMsA, jaivavijJAna aura AcArazAstra kI Adhunika vaijJAnika-khojoM ke pariprekSya meM samIkSA karate haiM, to hama yahI pAte haiM ki vijJAna ne jaina-avadhAraNAoM kI paSTi hI kI hai| . vaijJAnika-khojoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo sarvAdhika prazna-cihna lage haiM, ve jainadharma kI khagola va bhUgola-sambandhI mAnyatAoM para haiN| yaha satya hai ki khagola va bhUgola- sambandhI jaina-avadhAraNAeM Aja kI vaijJAnika-khojoM se bhinna par3atI haiM aura Adhunika vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM unakA samIkaraNa baiThA pAnA bhI kaThina hai| yahA~ sabase pahalA prazna yaha hai ki kyA jaina- khagola va bhUgola sarvajJapraNIta hai yA sarvajJa kI vANI hai? isa sambandha meM paryApta vicAra kI AvazyakatA hai| sarvaprathama to hameM jAna le [ cAhie ki jaina-khagola va bhUgola saMbaMdhI vivaraNa sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga evaM bhagavatI ko chor3akara anya aMga-AgamoM meM kahIM bhI ullekhita nahIM hai|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-262 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-114 sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM bhI ve suvyavasthita rUpa meM pratipAdita nahIM haiM, mAtra saMkhyA ke saMdarbha-krama meM unakI sambandhita saMkhyAoM kA ullekha kara diyA gayA hai| vaise bhI, jahA~ taka vidvAnoM kA prazna hai, ve inheM saMkalanAtmaka evaM apekSAkRta paravartI grantha mAnate haiM, sAtha hI, yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki inameM samaya-samaya para sAmagrI prakSipta hotI rahI hai, ataH unakA vartamAna svarUpa pUrNataH jina-praNIta nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina-khagola va bhUgola sambandhI jo avadhAraNAeM upalabdha haiM, unakA Agamika-AdhAra candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti evaM jambUdvIpajJapti hai, jinheM vartamAna meM upAMga ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAtA hai, kintu nandIsUtra kI sUcI ke anusAra ye grantha Avazyaka vyatirikta aMga-bAhya AgamoM meM parigaNita kiya jAte haiN| paramparAgata-dRSTi se aMga-bAhya AgamoM ke upadeSTA evaM racayitA jina na hokara sthavira hI mAne gaye haiM aura isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki ye grantha sarvajJapraNIta na hokara chadmastha jaina-AcAryoM dvArA praNIta haiM, ataH yadi inameM pratipAdita tathya Adhunika vijJAna ke pratikUla jAte haiM, to usase sarvajJa kI sarvajJatA para A~ca nahIM AtI hai| hameM isa bhaya kA parityAga kara denA cAhie ki yadi hama khagola evaM bhUgola ke sambandha meM Adhunika vaijJAnika-gaveSaNAoM ko mAnya kareMge, to usase jina kI sarvajJatA para koI AMca AyegI / yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rahe ki sarvajJa yA jina kevala upadeza dete haiM, grantha-lekhana kA kArya to unake gaNadhara yA anya sthavira AcArya hI karate haiM, sAtha hI, yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki sarvajJa ke lie upadeza kA viSaya to adha yAtma va AcArazAstra hI hotA hai, khagola va bhUgola unake mUla pratipAdya nahIM haiN| khagola va bhUgola-sambandhI jo avadhAraNAeM jaina-paramparA meM milatI haiM, ve thor3e antara ke sAtha samakAlika bauddha evaM hindU-paramparA meM bhI pAyI jAtI haiM, ataH yaha mAnanA hI ucita hogA ki khagola evaM bhUgola-sambandhI jaina-mAnyatAe~ Aja yadi vijJAna-sammata siddha nahIM hotI haiM, to usase na to sarvajJa kI sarvajJatA para A~ca AtI hai aura na jainadha garma kI AdhyAtmazAstrIya, tattvamImAMsIya evaM AcArazAstrIya-avadhAraNAoM para koI kharoMca AtI hai| sUryaprajJapti jaisA grantha, jisameM jaina-AcArazAstra aura usakI ahiMsaka niSThA ke viruddha pratipAdana pAye jAte haiM, kisI bhI

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-263 jaina- tattvamImAMsA -115 sthiti meM sarvajJa-praNIta nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| jo loga khagola-bhUgola sambandhI vaijJAnika tathyoM ko kevala isalie svIkAra karane se katarAte haiM ki isase sarvajJa kI avahelanA hogI, ve vastutaH jaina-AdhyAtmazAstra ke rahasyoM se yA to anabhijJa haiM, yA unakI anubhUti se rahita hai, kyoMki hameM sarvaprathama to yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jo Atma-draSTA sarvajJapraNIta hai hI nahIM, usake amAnya hone se sarvajJa kI sarvajJatA kaise khaNDita ho sakatI hai? AcArya kundakunda ne to spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki sarvajJa AtmA ko jAnatA hai- yahI yathArtha/ satya hai| sarvajJa bAhya-jagat ko jAnatA hai- yaha kevala vyavahAra hai| bhagavatIsUtra kA yaha kathana bhI ki 'kevalI siya jANai siya Na jANai'- isa satya ko udghATita karatA hai ki sarvajJa AtmadraSTA hotA hai| vastutaH, sarvajJa kA upadeza bhI AtmAnubhUti aura Atma-vizuddhi ke lie hotA hai| jina sAdhanoM se hama zuddhAtmA kI anubhUti kara sakeM, Atmazuddhi yAM Atmavimukti ko upalabdha kara sakeM, vahI sarvajJa dvArA pratipAdya hai| .. yaha satya hai ki AgamoM ke rUpa meM hamAre pAsa jo kucha upalabdha hai, usameM jina- vacana bhI saMkalita haiM aura yaha bhI satya hai ki AgamoM kA aura unameM upalabdha sAmagrI kA jainadharma, prAkRta-sAhitya aura bhAratIya-itihAsa kI dRSTi se bahuta hI mahatva hai, phira bhI hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki AgamoM ke nAma para hamAre pAsa jo kucha upalabdha hai, usameM paryApta vismaraNa, parivartana, parivarddhana aura prakSepaNa bhI huA hai, ataH isa tathya ko svayaM antima vAcanAkAra devarddhi ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| ataH, Agama-vacanoM meM kitanA aMza jina-vacana haiM- isa sambandha meM paryApta samIkSA, satarkatA aura sAvadhAnI Avazyaka hai| .. 'Aja do prakAra kI atiyA~ dekhane meM AtI haiM- eka ati yaha hai ki cAhe pandrahavIM zatI ke lekhaka ne mahAvIra-gautama ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM kisI grantha kI racanA kI ho, use bhI binA samIkSA ke jina-vacana ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA jA rahA hai aura use hI carama satya mAnA jAtA hai, dUsarI ora, sampUrNa Agama-sAhitya ko andhavizvAsa kahakara nakArA jA rahA hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai nIra-kSIra-buddhi se Agama-vacanoM kI samIkSA karake

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-264 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-116 madhyama mArga apanAne kii| Aja na to vijJAna hI carama satya hai aura na Agama ke nAma para jo kucha hai, vahI carama satya hai| Aja na to AgamoM ko nakArane se kucha hogA aura na vaijJAnika-satyoM ko nakArane se| vijJAna aura Agama ke sandarbha meM Aja eka taTastha samIkSaka-buddhi kI AvazyakatA hai| .. jaina-sRSTizAstra aura jaina-khagola-bhUgola meM bhI, jahA~ taka sRSTizAstra kA sambandha hai, vaha Adhunika vaijJAnika avadhAraNAoM ke sAtha eka sImA taka saMgati rakhatA hai| jaina-sRSTizAstra ke anusAra, sarvaprathama isa jagat ko anAdi aura ananta mAnA gayA hai, kintu usameM jagat kI anAdi-anantatA usake pravAha kI dRSTi se hai| ise anAdi-ananta isalie kahA jAtA hai ki koI bhI kAla aisA nahIM thA, jaba sRSTi nahIM thI yA nahIM hogii| pravAha kI dRSTi se jagat anAdi-ananta hote hue bhI isameM pratikSaNa utpatti aura vinAza arthAt sRSTi aura pralaya. kA krama bhI calatA rahatA hai, dUsare zabdoM meM, yaha jagat apane pravAha kI apekSA se zAzvata hote hue bhI isameM sRSTi evaM pralaya hote rahate haiM, kyoMki jo bhI utpanna hotA hai, usakA vinAza aparihArya hai| phira bhI, usakA sRSTA yA kartA koI bhI nahIM hai| yaha saba prAkRtika niyama se hI zAsita hai| yadi vaijJAnika dRSTi se isa para vicAra kareM, to vijJAna ko bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karane meM Apatti nahIM hai ki yaha vizva apane mUla tattva yA mUla ghaTaka kI dRSTi se anAdi-ananta hote hue bhI isameM sRjana aura vinAza kI prakriyA sat rUpa se cala rahI hai| yahA~ taka vijJAna va jainadarzana- donoM sAtha jAte haiN| donoM isa saMbaMdha meM bhI ekamata haiM ki jagat kA koI sRSTA nahIM hai aura yaha prAkRtika-niyama se zAsita hai, sAtha hI, ananta vizva meM sRSTi-loka kI sImitatA jaina-darzana evaM vijJAna- donoM ko mAnya hai| ina mUla-bhUta avadhAraNAoM meM sAmyatA ke hote hue bhI jaba hama inameM vistAra meM jAte haiM, to hameM jaina-Agamika-mAnyatAoM evaM Adhunika vijJAna- donoM meM paryApta antara bhI pratIta hotA hai| adholoka, madhyaloka evaM svargaloka kI kalpanA lagabhaga sabhI dharma-darzanoM meM upalabdha hotI hai, kintu Adhunika vijJAna ke dvArA khagola

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-265 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-117 kA jo vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, usameM isa prakAra kI koI kalpanA nahIM hai| vaha yaha bhI nahIM mAnatA hai ki pRthvI ke nIce naraka va Upara svarga hai| Adhunika khagola vijJAna ke anusAra, isa vizva meM asaMkhya sauramaNDala haiM aura pratyeka sauramaNDala meM aneka graha-nakSatra va pRthviyAM haiN| asaMkhya sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra kI avadhAraNA jaina-paramparA meM bhI mAnya hai| yadyapi Aja taka vijJAna yaha siddha nahIM kara pAyA hai ki pRthvI ke atirikta kina graha-nakSatroM para jIvana pAyA jAtA hai, kintu usane isa saMbhAvanA se bhI inkAra nahIM kiyA ki isa brahmANDa meM aneka aise graha-nakSatra ho sakate haiM, jahA~ jIvana kI saMbhAvanAeM haiM, ataH isa vizva meM jIvana kevala pRthvI para hai- yaha bhI carama satya nahIM hai| pRthvI ke atirikta kucha graha-nakSatroM para jIvana kI saMbhAvanAeM ho sakatI haiN| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki pRthvI kI apekSA kahIM jIvana adhika sukhada evaM samRddha ho aura kahIM yaha vipanna aura kaSTakara sthiti meM ho, ataH cAhe svarga evaM naraka aura khagola evaM bhUgola-sambandhI hamArI avadhAraNAoM para vaijJAnika-khojoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa praznacihna lageM, kintu isa pRthvI ke atirikta isa vizva meM kahIM bhI jIvana kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai- yaha bAta to svayaM vaijJAnika bhI nahIM kahate haiN| pRthvI ke atirikta brahmANDa ke anya graha-nakSatroM para jIvana kI sambhAvanAoM ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha hI prakArAntara se svarga evaM naraka kI avadhAraNAeM * bhI sthAna pA jAtI haiN| ur3anataztariyoM sambandhI jo bhI khojeM huI haiM, usase itanA to nizcita siddha hI hotA hai ki isa pRthvI ke atirikta anya graha-nakSatroM para bhI jIvana hai aura vaha pRthvI se apanA samparka banAne ke lie prayatnazIla bhI hai| ur3ana taztariyoM ke prANiyoM kA yahA~ AnA va svarga se deva logoM kI Ane kI paramparAgata kathA meM koI bahuta antara nahIM hai, ataH jo paraloka- sambandhI avadhAraNA upalabdha hotI hai, vaha abhI pUrNatayA nirasta nahIM kI jA sakatI, ho sakatA hai ki vaijJAnika-khojoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI eka dina punarjanma va lokottara-jIvana kI kalpanAeM yathArtha siddha ho skeN| .jaina-paramparA meM loka ko SaDdravyamaya kahA gayA hai| ye SaDdravya nimna haiM- jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala evaM kAla / inameM se jIvana

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-266 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-118 (AtmA), dharma, adharma, AkAza va pudgala- ye pA~ca astikAya kahe jAte haiN| inheM astikAya kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki ye prasArita haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, jisakA AkAza meM vistAra hotA hai, vaha astikAya kahalAtA hai| SaDdravyoM meM mAtra kAla ko anastikAya kahA gayA hai, kyoMki isakA prasAra bahuAyAmI na hokara ekarekhIya hai| yahA~ hama sarvaprathama to yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki SaDdravyoM kI jo avadhAraNA hai, vaha kisa sImA taka Adhunika vijJAna ke sAtha saMgati rakhatI hai| SaDdravyoM meM sarvaprathama hama jIva ke sandarbha meM vicAra kreNge| cAhe vijJAna AtmA kI svataMtra sattA ko svIkAra na karatA ho, kintu vaha jIvana ke astitva se iMkAra bhI nahIM karatA hai, kyoMki jIvana kI upasthiti eka anubhUta tathya hai| cAhe vijJAna eka amara AtmA kI kalpanA ko svIkAra nahIM kare, lekina vaha jIvana evaM usake vividha rUpoM se iMkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai| jIva-vijJAna kA AdhAra hI jIvana ke astitva kI svIkRti para avasthita hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, aba vaijJAnikoM ne atIndriya-jJAna tathA punarjanma ke sandarbha meM bhI apanI zodha-yAtrA prArambha kara dI hai| vicAra-sampreSaNa yA TelIpaithI kA siddhAnta aba vaijJAnikoM kI ruci kA viSaya banatA jA rahA hai aura isa sambandha meM huI khojoM ke pariNAma atIndriya-jJAna kI sambhAvanA ko puSTa karate haiN| isI prakAra, punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ke sandarbha meM bhI aneka khojeM huI haiN| aba aneka aise tathya prakAza meM Aye haiM, jinakI vyAkhyAeM punarjanma evaM atIndriya jJAna-zakti ko svIkAra kiye binA sambhava nahIM hai| aba vijJAna jIvana-dhArA kI nirantaratA aura usakI atIndriya zaktiyoM se aparicita nahIM hai, cAhe abhI vaha unakI vaijJAnika-vyAkhyAeM prastuta na kara pAyA ho| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, aneka prANiyoM meM mAnava kI apekSA bhI aneka kSetroM meM itanI adhika aindrikajJAna- sAmarthya hotI hai, jisa para sAmAnya buddhi vizvAsa nahIM karatI hai, kintu use aba Adhunika vijJAna ne siddha kara diyA hai| ataH, isa vizva meM jIvana kA astitva hai aura vaha jIvana ananta zaktiyoM kA puMja hai- isa tathya se aba vaijJAnikoM kA virodha nahIM hai| jahA~ taka bhautika-tattva ke astitva evaM svarUpa kA prazna hai,

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-267 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-119 vaijJAnikoM evaM jaina-AcAryoM meM adhika matabheda nahIM haiN| paramANu yA pudgala kaNoM meM jisa anantazakti kA nirdeza jaina-AcAryoM ne kiyA thA, vaha aba Adhunika vaijJAnika-anveSaNoM se siddha ho rahI hai| Adhunika vaijJAnika isa tathya ko siddha kara cuke haiM ki eka paramANu kA visphoTa bhI kitanI adhika zakti kA sRjana kara sakatA hai| vaise bhI, bhautika-piNDa yA pudgala kI avadhAraNA aisI hai, jisa para vaijJAnikoM evaM jaina-vicArakoM meM koI adhika matabheda nahIM dekhA jaataa| paramANuoM ke dvArA skandha kI racanA kA jaina-siddhAnta kitanA vaijJAnika hai- isakI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| vijJAna jise paramANu kahatA thA, vaha aba TUTa cukA hai, vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki vijJAna ne jise paramANu mAna liyA thA, vaha paramANu thA hI nahIM, vaha to skandha hI thA, kyoMki jainoM kI paramANu kI paribhASA yaha hai ki jisakA vibhAjana nahIM ho sake, aisA bhautika-tattva paramANu hai| isa prakAra, Aja hama dekhate haiM ki vijJAna kA tathAkathita paramANu khaNDita ho cukA hai, jabaki jaina-darzana kA paramANu abhI vaijJAnikoM kI pakar3a meM A hI nahIM pAyA hai| vastutaH, jaina-darzana meM jise paramANu kahA jAtA hai, use Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ne kvArka nAma diyA hai aura ve Aja bhI usakI khoja meM lage hue haiN| samakAlIna bhautikI-vidoM kI kvArka kI paribhASA yaha hai ki jo vizva kA saralatama aura antima ghaTa hai, vahI kvArka hai| Aja bhI kvArka ko vyAkhyAyita karane meM vaijJAnika saphala nahIM ho pAye haiN| - Adhunika vijJAna prAcIna avadhAraNAoM ko sampuSTa karane meM kisa prakAra sahAyaka huA hai, usakA eka udAharaNa yaha hai ki jaina-tattva-mImAMsA meM eka ora yaha avadhAraNA rahI hai ki eka pudgala-paramANu jitanI jagaha gheratA hai, vaha eka AkAza-pradeza kahalAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, mAnyatA yaha hai ki eka AkAza-pradeza meM eka paramANu hI raha sakatA hai, kintu dUsarI ora, AgamoM meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki eka AkAzapradeza meM asaMkhyAta pudgala-paramANu samA sakate haiN| isa virodhAbhAsa kA sIdhA samAdhAna hamAre pAsa nahIM thA, lekina vijJAna ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki vizva meM kucha aise Thosa dravya haiM, jinakA eka varga iMca kA vajana lagabhaga ATha sau Tana hotA hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki jinheM hama Thosa

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-268 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-120 samajhate haiM, ve vastutaH kitane pole haiN| ataH, sUkSma avagAhana- zakti ke kAraNa yaha saMbhava hai ki eka hI AkAza-pradeza meM ananta paramANu bhI samAhita ho jaaeN| dharma-dravya evaM adharma-dravya kI jaina-avadhAraNA bhI Aja vaijJAnika-sandarbha meM apanI vyAkhyAoM kI apekSAe~ rakhatI haiN| jaina-paramparA meM dharmAstikAya ko na kevala eka svatantra dravya mAnA gayA hai, apitu / garmAstikAya ke abhAva meM jar3a va cetana- kisI kI bhI gati saMbhava nahIM hogI- aisA bhI mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi jaina-darzana meM dharmAstikAya ko amUrta-dravya kahA gayA hai, kintu amUrta hote hue bhI yaha vizva kA mahatvapUrNa ghaTaka hai| yadi vizva meM dharma-dravya evaM adharma-dravya, jinheM dUsare zabdoM meM hama gati va sthiti ke niyAmaka tattva kaha sakate haiM, na hoMge, to vizva kA astitva hI sambhava nahIM hogA, kyoMki jahA~ adharma-dravya vizva kI vastuoM kI sthiti ko sambhava batAtA hai aura pudagala-piNDoM ko ananta AkAza meM bikharane se rokatA hai, vahIM dharma-dravya unakI gati ko sambhava banAtA hai| gati evaM sthiti- yahI vizva-vyavasthA kA mUla AdhAra hai| yadi vizva meM gati evaM sthiti saMbhava na ho, to vizva nahIM ho sakatA hai| gati ke niyamana ke liye sthiti evaM sthiti kI jar3atA ko tor3ane ke lie gati Avazyaka hai| yadyapi jar3a va cetana meM svayaM gati karane evaM sthita rahane kI kSamatA hai, kintu unakI yaha kSamatA kArya ke rUpa meM tabhI pariNata hogI, jaba vizva meM gati aura sthiti ke niyAmaka- tattva yA koI mAdhyama ho| jaina-darzana ke dharma-dravya va adharma-dravya ko Aja vijJAna kI bhASA meM Ithara evaM gurutvAkarSaNa kI zakti ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha prazna uThatA hai ki yadi dharma-dravya nAma kI vastu hai, to usake astitva ko kaise jAnA jAyegA? vaijJAnikoM ne jo Ithara kI kalpanA kI hai, use hama jaina dharma kI bhASA meM dharmadravya kahate haiN| vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra, Ithara ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, to prazna uThatA hai ki prakAza-kiraNoM kI yAtrA kA mAdhyama kyA hai? yadi prakAza-kiraNeM yathArtha meM kiraNeM haiM, to usakA parAvartana kisI mAdhyama se hI sambhava hogA aura jisameM ye prakAza-kiraNeM parAvartita hotI haiM, vaha bhautika piNDa nahIM, apitu Izvara hI

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-269 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -121 hai| yadi mAtra AkAza ho, kintu Ithara na ho, to koI gati sambhava nahIM hogii| kisI bhI prakAra kI gati ke lie koI-na-koI mAdhyama Avazyaka hai, jaise machalI ko tairane ke lie jala / isI gati ke mAdhyama ko vijJAna Ithara aura jaina-darzana dharma-dravya kahatA hai| sAtha hI, hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki vizva meM kevala gati hI nahIM hai, apitu sthiti bhI hai| jisa prakAra gati kA niyAmaka-tattva Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra se sthiti kA bhI niyAmaka-tattva Avazyaka hai| vijJAna ise gurutvAkarSaNa ke nAma se jAnatA hai, jaina-darzana use hI adharma-dravya kahatA hai| vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra meM adharma-dravya ko vizva kI sthiti ke lie Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| yadi adharma-dravya na ho aura kevala ananta AkAza aura gati hI ho, to samasta pudgala-piNDa ananta AkAza meM chitara jAeMge aura vizva-vyavasthA samApta ho jaayegii| adharma-dravya eka niyAmaka-zakti hai, jo eka sthira vizva ke lie Avazyaka hai| isake abhAva meM eka aisI avyavasthA hogI ki vizva vizva hI na raha jaayegaa| Aja jo AkAzIya piNDa apane-apane yAtrA patha meM avasthita rahate haiM-jainoM ke anusAra, usakA kAraNa adharma-dravya hai, to vijJAna ke anusAra usakA kAraNa gurutvAkarSaNa hai| isI prakAra, AkAza kI sattA bhI svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai, * kyoMki AkAza ke abhAva meM anya dravya kisameM raheMge? jainoM ke anusAra, AkAza mAtra eka zUnyatA nahIM, apitu vAstavikatA hai| kyoMki loka AkAza meM hI avasthita hai, ataH jainAcAryoM ne AkAza ke lokAkAza aura alokAkAza- aise bhAgoM kI kalpanA kii| loka jisameM avasthita hai, vahI lokAkAza hai| isI ananta AkAza ke eka bhAga-vizeSa arthAt lokAkAza meM avasthita hone ke kAraNa loka ko sImita kahA jAtA hai, kintu usakI yaha sImitatA AkAza kI anantatA kI apekSA se hI hai| vaise, jaina-AcAryoM ne loka kA pariNAma caudaha rAjU mAnA hai, jo ki vaijJAnikoM ke prakAzavarSa ke samAna eka prakAra kA mApa-vizeSa hai| yaha loka nIce caur3A, madhya meM patalA, punaH UparI bhAga ke madhya meM caur3A va anta meM patalA hai| isake

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-270 jaina-tattvamImAMsA -122 . AkAra kI tulanA kamara para hAtha rakhe khar3e hue puruSa ke AkAra se kI jAtI hai| isa loka ke adhobhAga meM sAta narakoM kI avasthiti mAnI gayI hai- prathama naraka se Upara aura madhyaloka se nIce bIca meM bhavanapati devoM kA AvAsa hai| isa loka ke madhya bhAga meM manuSyoM evaM tiryaMcoM kA AvAsa hai, ise madhyaloka yA tiryaka-loka kahate haiN| tiryaka-loka ke madhya meM meru-parvata hai, usake Asa-pAsa kA samudraparyanta bhU-bhAga jambUdvIpa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, yaha golAkAra hai| use valayAkAra lavaNa-samudra ghere hue hai| lavaNa-samudra ko valayAkAra meM ghere hue dhAtakI-khaNDa hai| usako valayAkAra meM ghere hue kAlodadhi nAmaka samudra hai| usako punaH valayAkAra meM ghere hue puSkara-dvIpa hai| usake Age punaH valayAkAra meM puSkara-samudra hai| isake pazcAt, anukrama se eka ke bAda eka valayAkAra meM eka-dUsare ko ghere hue asaMkhyAt dvIpa evaM samudra haiN| jJAtavya hai ki hindU-paramparA meM mAtra sAta dvIpoM evaM samudroM kI kalpanA hai, jisakI jainaAgamoM meM AlocanA kI gaI hai, kintu jahA~ takaM mAnava-jAti kA prazna hai, vaha kevala jambUdvIpa, dhAtakI-khaNDa aura puSkarAvartta-dvIpa ke arddhabhAga meM hI upalabdha hotI hai, usake Age mAnava-jAti kA abhAva hai| isa madhyaloka yA bhUloka se Upara AkAza meM sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra va tAroM ke AvAsa yA vimAna haiN| yaha kSetra jyotiSika-deva-kSetra kahA jAtA hai| ye sabhI sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra, tAre Adi meruparvata ko kendra banAkara pradakSiNA karate haiN| isa kSetra ke Upara zvetAmbara-mAnyatAnusAra kramazaH bAraha athavA digambara-matAnusAra solaha svarga yA devaloka haiN| unake Upara kramazaH nau graiveyaka aura pA~ca anuttara-vimAna haiN| loka ke UparI antima bhAga ko siddhakSetra yA lokAgra kahate haiM, yahA~ siddhoM yA mukta AtmAoM kA nivAsa hai| yadyapi sabhI dharma-paramparAoM meM bhUloka ke nIce naraka yA pAtAla-loka aura Upara svarga kI kalpanA samAna rUpa se pAyI jAtI hai, kintu unakI saMkhyA Adi ke prazna para vibhinna paramparAoM meM matabheda dekhA jAtA hai| khagola evaM bhUgola kA jainoM kA yaha vivaraNa Adhunika vijJAna se kitanA saMgata athavA asaMgata hai? yaha niSkarSa nikAla pAnA sahaja nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM AcArya zrI yazodevasUrijI ne saMgrahaNIratna-prakaraNa kI bhUmikA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-271 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-123 meM vicAra kiyA hai, ataH isa sambandha meM adhika vistAra meM na jAkara pAThakoM ko use AcAryazrI kI gujarAtI bhUmikA evaM hindI vyAkhyA meM dekha lene kI anuzaMsA karate haiN| khagola-bhUgola sambandhI jaina-avadhAraNA kA anya dharmoM kI avadhAraNAoM se evaM Adhunika vijJAna kI avadhAraNA se kyA sambandha hai- yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| isa sambandha meM hameM do prakAra ke paraspara virodhI dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiN| jahA~ vibhinna dharmoM meM sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra, tArA Adi ko deva ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai, vahIM Adhunika vijJAna meM ve anantAkAza meM bikhare hue bhautika-piNDa hI haiN| dharma unameM devatva kA AropaNa karatA hai, kintu vijJAna unheM mAtra eka bhautika saMracanA mAnatA hai| jaina-dRSTi meM ina donoM avadhAraNAoM kA eka samanvaya dekhA jAtA hai| jaina-vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki jinheM hama sUrya, candra Adi mAnate haiM, vaha unake vimAnoM se nikalane vAlA prakAza hai| ye vimAna sUrya, candra Adi devoM ke AvAsIya-sthala haiM, jinameM usa nAma vAle devagaNa nivAsa karate haiN| isa prakAra, jaina-vicArakoM ne sUrya-vimAna candra-vimAna Adi ko bhautika-saMracanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai aura una vimAnoM meM nivAsa karane vAloM ko deva btaayaa| isakA phalita yaha hai ki jaina-vicAraka vaijJAnika-dRSTi to rakhate the, kintu paramparAgata dhArmika mAnyatAoM ko bhI ThukarAnA nahIM cAhate the, isIlie unhoMne donoM avadhAraNAoM ke bIca eka samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| - jaina-jyotiSazAstra kI vizeSatA hai ki vaha bhI vaijJAnikoM ke samAna isa brahmANDa meM asaMkhya sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra va tArAgaNoM kA astitva mAnatA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki jaMbUdvIpa meM do sUrya aura do candramA haiM, lavaNa-samudra meM cAra sUrya va cAra candramA haiN| dhAtakI-khaNDa meM ATha sUrya va ATha candramA haiN| isa prakAra, pratyeka dvIpa va samuMdra meM sUrya va candramAoM kI saMkhyA dviguNita hotI jAtI hai| jahA~ taka Adhunika khagola-vijJAna kA prazna hai, vaha aneka sUrya va caMdra kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai, phira bhI sUrya, candra Adi ke krama evaM mArga, unakA AkAra evaM unakI pArasparika-dUrI Adi ke sambandha meM

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-272 jaina - tattvamImAMsA-124. Adhunika khagola-vijJAna evaM jaina-Agamika-mAnyatAoM meM spaSTa rUpa se antara dekhA jAtA hai| sUrya, caMdra, graha, nakSatra evaM tArAgaNa Adi kI avasthiti-sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko lekara bhI jainadharma-darzana va Adhunika vijJAna meM mataikya nahIM hai| jahA~ Adhunika khagola-vijJAna ke anusAra candramA pRthvI ke adhika nikaTa evaM sUrya dUrI para hai, vahA~ jaina-jyotiSa zAstra meM sUrya ko nikaTa va candramA ko dUra batAyA gayA hai| jahA~ Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra candramA kA AkAra sUrya kI apekSA choTA batAyA gayA, vahA~ jaina-paramparA meM sUrya kI apekSA candramA ko bRhat AkAra kA mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra, avadhAraNAgata dRSTi se kucha nikaTatA hokara bhI donoM meM bhinnatA hI adhika dekhI jAtI hai| jo sthiti jaina-khagola evaM Adhunika khagola vijJAna-saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM meM matabheda kI hai, vahI sthiti prAyaH jaina-bhUgola aura Adhunika-bhUgola kI hai| isa bhUmaNDala para mAnava-jAti ke astitva kI dRSTi se DhAI dvIpoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai- jambUdvIpa, dhAtakI-khaNDa aura puSkarArddha / jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM batAyA hai ki jaina-mAnyatA ke anusAra .madhyaloka ke madhya meM jambUdvIpa hai, jo ki golAkAra hai, usake Asa-pAsa usase dviguNita kSetraphala vAlA lavaNa-samudra hai, phira lavaNasamudra se dviguNita kSetraphala vAlA valayAkAra dhAtakI khaNDa hai| dhAtakI-khaNDa ke Age punaH kSIrasamudra hai, jo kSetraphala meM jambUdvIpa se ATha guNA bar3A hai, usake Age punaH valayAkAra meM puSkara-dvIpa hai, jisake Adhe bhAga meM manuSyoM kA nivAsa hai| isa prakAra, eka-dUsare se dviguNita kSetraphala vAle asaMkhya dvIpa-samudra valayAkAra meM avasthita haiN| yadi hama jaina-bhUgola kI ar3hAI dvIpa kI isa kalpanA ko Adhunika bhUgola kI dRSTi se samajhane kA prayatna kareM, to hama kaha sakate haiM ki Aja bhI sthala rUpa meM eka se jur3e hue aphrIkA, yUropa va eziyA, jo kisI samaya eka-dUsare se saTe hue the, milakara jambUdvIpa kI kalpanA ko sAkAra karate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki kisI prAcIna jamAne meM pazcima meM vartamAna aphrIkA aura pUrva meM jAvA, sumAtrA evaM AsTreliyA Adi eziyA mahAdvIpa se saTe hue the, jo golAkAra mahAdvIpa kI racanA karate the| yahI golAkAra mahAdvIpa jambUdvIpa ke nAma se jAnA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-273 jaina - tattvamImAMsA -125 jAtA thaa| usake cAroM ora ke samudra ko ghere hue uttarI amerikA va dakSiNI amerikA kI sthiti AtI hai| yadi hama pRthvI ko sapATa mAnakaraH isa avadhAraNA para vicAra kareM, to uttara-dakSiNa amerikA milakara isa jambUdvIpa ko valayAkAra rUpa meM ghere hue pratIta hote haiN| isa prakAra, moTe rUpa meM ar3hAI dvIpa kI jo kalpanA hai, yaha siddha to ho jAtI hai, phira bhI jainoM ne jambUdvIpa Adi meM jo airAvata, mahAvideha kSetroM Adi kI kalpanA kI hai, vaha Adhunika bhUgola se adhika saMgata nahIM baiThatI hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki prAcIna bhUgola, jo jaina, bauddha va hinduoM meM lagabhaga samAna rahA hai, usakI sAmAnya nirIkSaNoM ke AdhAra para hI kalpanA kI gaI thI, phira bhI use pUrNataH asatya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Aja hameM yaha siddha karanA hai ki vijJAna dhArmika AsthAoM kA saMhAraka nahIM, poSaka bhI ho sakatA hai| Aja yaha dAyitva una vaijJAnikoM kA evaM una dhArmikoM kA hai, jo vijJAna va dharma ko paraspara virodhI mAna baiThe haiM, unheM yaha dikhAnA hogA ki vijJAna va dharma eka-dUsare ke saMhAraka nahIM, apitu poSaka haiN| yaha satya hai ki dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM kucha aisI avadhAraNAeM haiM, jo vaijJAnika-jJAna ke kAraNa dhvasta ho cukI haiM, lekina isa saMbaMdha meM hameM cintita hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| prathama to hameM yaha nizcita karanA hogA ki dharma kA saMbaMdha kevala mAnavIya jIvana-mUlyoM se hai, khagola ke ve tathya, jo Aja vaijJAnika-avadhAraNA ke virAdha meM haiM, unakA dharma va darzana se koI sIdhA saMbaMdha nahIM hai, ataH unake avaijJAnika siddha hone para bhI dharma avaijJAnika siddha nahIM hotaa| hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki dharma ke nAma para jo aneka mAnyatAeM Aropita kara dI gayI haiM, ve saba dharma kA anivArya aMga nahIM haiN| aneka tathya aise haiM, jo kevala loka-vyavahAra ke kAraNa dharma se jur3a gaye haiN| . Aja unake yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai| bharatakSetra kitanA laMbA-caur3A hai? meru-parvata kI U~cAI kyA hai ? unake Upara kauna hai? aadi| aise aneka prazna haiM, jinakA dharma va sAdhanA se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| hama dekhate haiM ki na kevala jaina-paraMparA meM, apitu bauddha va brAhmaNa-paramparA meM bhI ye mAnyatAeM samAna rUpa se pracalita rahI haiN| eka H gaya hA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-274 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-126 tathya aura hameM samajha lenA hogA, vaha yaha ki tIrthakara yA Apta-puruSa kevala hamAre baMdhana va mukti ke siddhAntoM ko prastuta karate haiN| ve manuSya kI naitika-kamiyoM ko iMgita karake vaha mArga batAte haiM, jisase naitika-kamajoriyoM. para yA vAsanAmaya jIvana para vijaya pAyI jA ske| unake upadezoM kA mukhya saMbaMdha vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa, sadAcAra tathA sAmAjika-jIvana meM zAnti va sahaastitva ke mUlyoM para bala dene ke lie hotA hai, ataH sarvajJa ke nAma para kahI jAne vAlI sabhI mAnyatAeM sarvajJapraNIta haiM- aisA nahIM hai| kAlakrama meM aisI aneka mAnyatAe~ AyIM, jinheM bAda meM sarvajJapraNIta kahA gyaa| jaina dharma meM khagola va bhUgola kI mAnyatAeM bhI kisI aMza meM isI prakAra kI haiN| punaH, vijJAna kabhI apanI aMtimatA kA dAvA nahIM karatA hai, ataH kala taka jo avaijJAnika kahA jAtA thA, vaha navIna vaijJAnika-khojoM se satya siddha ho sakatA hai| Aja na to vijJAna se bhayabhIta hone kI AvazyakatA hai aura na use nakArane kI AvazyakatA hai- vijJAna aura adhyAtma ke rizte ke sahI mUlyAMkana kii| Asrava-tattva ___jaina-dRSTikoNa- Asrava zabda kleza yA mala kA bodhaka hai| kleza yA mala hI karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM ko AtmA ke samparka meM Ane kA kAraNa hai, ata: jaina-tattvajJAna meM Asrava kA rUDha artha yaha bhI huA ki karmavargaNAoM kA AtmA meM AnA Asrava hai| apane mUla artha meM Asrava una kArakoM kI vyA'yA karatA hai, jo karmavargaNAoM ko AtmA kI ora lAte haiM aura isa prakAra AtmA ke bandhana ke kAraNa hote haiN| Asrava ke do bheda haiM-(1) bhAvAsrava aura (2) drvyaasrv| AtmA kI vikArI-manodazA bhAvAsrava hai aura karmavargaNAoM ke AtmA meM Ane kI prakriyA dravyAsrava hai| isa prakAra, bhAvAsrava kAraNa hai aura dravyAsrava kArya yA praki yA hai| dravyAsrava kA kAraNa bhAvAsrava hai, lekina yaha bhAvAtmaka-parivartana bhI akAraNa nahIM hai, varan pUrvabaddha karma ke kAraNa hotA hai| isa prakAra, pUrva-bandhana ke kAraNa bhAvAsrava aura bhAvAsrava ke kAraNa dravyAsra aura dravyAsrava se karma kA bandhana hotA hai| vaise, sAmAnya rUpa meM mAnasika, vAcika evaM kAyika-pravRttiyA~ hI Asrava

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-275 jaina- tattvamImAMsA -127 haiN| ye pravRttiyA~ yA ki yAe~ do prakAra kI hotI haiM, zubha pravRttiyA~ puNya-karma kA Asrava haiM aura azubha pravRttiyA~ pApa-karma kA Asrava haiN| una sabhI mAnasika evaM kAyika-pravRttiyoM kA, jo Asrava kahI jAtI haiM, vistRta vivecana yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai| jainAgamoM meM inakA vargIkaraNa aneka sthaloM para aneka prakAra se milatA hai| yahA~ tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra para eka vargIkaraNa prastuta kara denA hI paryApta hogaa| - tattvArthasUtra meM Asrava do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai- (1) IryApathika aura (2) saampraayik| jaina-darzana gItA ke samAna yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki jaba taka jIvana hai, taba taka zarIra se niSkriya nahIM rahA jA sktaa| mAnasikavRtti ke sAtha hI sAtha sahaja zArIrika evaM vAcika-kriyAe~ bhI calatI rahatI haiM aura kriyA ke phalasvarUpa karmAsrava bhI hotA rahatA hai, lekina jo vyakti kaluSita mAnasika-vRttiyoM (kaSAyoM) ke Upara uTha jAtA hai, usakI aura sAmAnya vyaktiyoM kI kriyAoM ke dvArA hone vAle Asrava meM antara to avazya hI mAnanA hogaa| kaSAyavRtti (dUSita manovRtti) se Upara uThe vyakti kI kriyAoM ke dvArA jo Asrava hotA hai, use jaina-paribhASA meM IryApathika-Asrava kahate haiN| jisa prakAra calate hue rAste kI dhUla kA sUkhA kaNa pahale kSaNa meM sUkhe vastra para lagatA hai, lekina gati ke sAtha hI dUsare kSaNa meM vilaga ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra; kaSAyavRtti se rahita kriyAoM se pahale kSaNa meM Asrava hotA hai aura dUsare kSaNa meM vaha nirjarita ho jAtA hai| aisI kriyA AtmA meM koI vibhAga utpanna nahIM karatI, kintu jo kriyAe~ kaSAyasahita hotI haiM, unase sAmparAyika- Asrava hotA hai| sAmparAyika-Asrava AtmA ke svabhAva kA AvaraNa kara usameM vibhAva utpanna karatA hai| tattvArtha meM sAmparAyika-Asrava kA AdhAra 38 prakAra kI kriyAe~ haiM1-5, hiMsA, asatya-bhASaNa, corI, maithuna, saMgraha (parigraha)-ye pA~ca avRta 6-9, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha-ye cAra kaSAya 10-14, pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM kA sevana 15-38, caubIsa sAmparAyika-kriyAe~kAyikI-kriyA-zArIrika halana-calana Adi kriyAe~ kAyikI-kriyA kahI jAtI haiN| yaha tIna prakAra kI haiM- (a) mithyAdRSTipramatta jIva kI

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-276 jaina - tattvamImAMsA -128 kriyA, (ba) samyakdRSTi- pramatta jIva kI kriyA, (sa) samyakdRSTiapramatta sAdhaka kI kriyaa| inheM kramaza: avirata- kAyikI, duSpraNihitakAyikI aura uparata-kAyikI-kriyA kahA jAtA hai| adhikaraNikA-kriyA- ghAtaka astra-zastra Adi ke dvArA sampanna kI jAne vAlI hiMsAdi kI kriyaa| ise prayoga-kriyA bhI kahate haiN| prAdveSikI-kriyA- dveSa, mAtsarya, IrSyA Adi se yukta hokara kI jAne vAlI kriyaa| pAritApanikI- tADanA, tarjanA Adi ke dvArA duHkha denaa| yaha do prakAra kI hai- 1. svayaM ko kaSTa denA aura 2. dUsare ko kaSTa denaa| jo vicAraka jaina-darzana ko kAyAkleza kA samarthaka mAnate haiM, unheM yahA~ eka bAra puna: vicAra karanA caahie| yadi usakA mantavya kAyAkleza kA hotA, to jaina-darzana sva-pAritApanikI-kriyA ko pApa ke Agamana kA kAraNa nahIM maantaa| 5. prANAtipAtakI-kriyA- hiMsA krnaa| isake bhI do bheda haiM- 1. svaprANAti-pAtakI-ki yA, arthAt rAga-dveSa evaM kaSa vAM ke vazIbhUta hokara Atma ke svasvabhAva kA ghAta karanA tathA 2. paraprANAtipAtakI kriyA, arthAt kaSAyavaza dUsare prANiyoM kI hiMsA krnaa| 6. Arambha-kriyA- jaDa evaM cetana vastuoM kA vinAza krnaa| 7. pArigrAhikI-kriyA- jaDa padArthoM evaM cetana prANiyoM kA saMgraha krnaa| 8. mAyA-kriyA- kapaTa krnaa| 9. rAga-kriyA- Asakti krnaa| yaha kriyA mAnasika-prakRti kI hai, ise prema pratyayikI-kriyA bhI kahate haiN| 10. dveSa-kriyA- dveSa-vRtti se kArya krnaa| 11. apratyAyAna-kriyA- asaMyama yA avirati kI dazA meM hone vAlA karma apratyAyAna-kriyA hai| 12. mithyAdarzana-kriyA- mithyAdRSTitva se yukta honA evaM usake anusAra kriyA krnaa| 13. dRSTijA-kriyA- dekhane kI ki yA evaM tajanita rAga-dveSAdibhAvarUpa kriyaa|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-277 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-129 14. sparzana-kriyA- sparza sambandhI ki yA evaM tajjanita rAga-dveSAdi bhaav| ise pRSTijA-kriyA bhI kahate haiN| 15. prAtItyakI-kriyA- jaDa padArtha evaM cetana vastuoM ke bAhya-saMyoga yA Azraya se utpanna rAgAdi bhAva evaM tajjanita kriyaa| 16. sAmanta kriyA- svayaM ke jaDa padArtha kI bhautika-sampadA tathA cetana prANija- sampadA; jaise patniyA~, dAsa, dAsI athavA pazu, pakSI ityAdi ko dekhakara logoM ke dvArA kI huI prazaMsA se harSita honaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, logoM ke dvArA svaprazaMsA kI apekSA krnaa| sAmantavAda kA mUla AdhAra yahI hai| 17. svahastikI-kriyA- svayaM ke dvArA dUsare jIvoM ko trAsa yA kaSTa dene kI ki yaa| isake do bheda haiM- 1.jIva-svahastikI, jaise-cA~TA mAranA, 2. ajIva-svahastikI, jaise-DaNDe se maarnaa| 18. naisRSTikI-kriyA- kisI ko pheMkakara maarnaa| isake do bheda haiM- 1. jIva-nisarga-kriyA; jaise-kisI prANI ko pakaDakara pheMka dene kI kriyA, 2. ajIva-nisarga- kriyA; jaise-bANa Adi maarnaa| 19. AjJApanikA-kriyA- dUsare ko AjJA dekara karAI jAne vAlI kriyA yA paapkrm| 20. vaidAriNI-kriyA-vidAraNa karane yA phADane se utpanna hone vAlI kriyaa| kucha vicArakoM ke anusAra, do vyaktiyoM yA samudAyoM meM vibheda karA denA yA svayaM ke svArtha ke lie do pakSoM (kretA-vikretA) ko galata salAha dekara phUTa DAlanA aadi| 21. anAbhoga-kriyA- avivekapUrvaka jIvana-vyavahAra kA sampAdana krnaa| 22. anAkAMkSA-kriyA- svahita evaM parahita kA dhyAna nahIM rakhakara kriyA krnaa| 23. prAyogikI-kriyA- mana se azubha vicAra, vANI se azubha sambhASaNa evaM zarIra se azubha karma karake mana, vANI aura zarIra-zakti kA anucita rUpa meM upayoga krnaa| 24. sAmudAyika-kriyA- samUha rUpa meM ikaTThe hokara azubha yA anucita kriyAoM kA karanA; jaise-sAmUhika vezyA-nRtya krvaanaa| logoM ko

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-278 jaina - tattvamImAMsA -130 Thagane ke lie sAmUhika rUpa se koI kampanI kholanA, athavA kisI ko mArane ke lie sAmUhika rUpa meM koI SaDyaMtra karanA aadi| mAtra zArIrika-vyApArarUpa IryApathikakriyA, jisakA vivecana pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai, ko milAkara jaina-vicAraNA meM kriyA ke paccIsa bheda tathA Asrava ke 39 bheda hote haiN| kucha AcAryoM ne mana, vacana aura kAya-yoga ko milAkara Asrava ke 42 bheda bhI mAne haiN| AsravarUpa kriyAoM kA eka saMkSipta vargIkaraNa sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI upalabdha hai| usameM nimna teraha prakAra kI ki yAoM ko AsravarUpa mAnA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM, ve kriyAe~ nimna prakAra se haiN| 1. artha-kriyA-apane kisI prayojana (artha) ke lie kriyA karanA; jaise apane lAbha ke lie dUsare kA ahita karanA) 2. anartha-kriyA- binA kisI prayojana ke kiyA jAne vAlA karma; jaise- . vyartha meM kisI ko staanaa| hiMsA-kiM yA- amuka vyakti ne mujhe athavA mere priyajanoM ko kaSTa diyA hai, athavA degA, yaha socakara usakI hiMsA krnaa| akasmAt-kriyA- zIghratAvaza athavA anajAne meM hone vAlA pApa karma; jaise ghAsa kATate-kATate jaldI meM anAja ke paudhe ko kATa denaa| 5. dRSTiviparyAsa-kriyA- matibhrama se hone vAlA pApa-karma; jaise- corAdi ke bhrama meM sAdhAraNa anaparAdhI puruSa ko daNDa denA, mAranA Adi, jaisedazaratha ke dvArA mRga ke bhrama meM kiyA gayA zravaNakumAra kA vdh| mRSA-kriyA- jhUTha bolnaa| adattAdAna-kriyA- caurya-karma krnaa| adhyAtma-kriyA- bAhya nimitta ke abhAva meM hone vAle manovikAra, arthAt binA samucita kAraNa ke mana meM hone vAlA krodha Adi durbhaav| 9. mAna-kriyA- apanI prazaMsA yA ghamaNDa krnaa| 10. mitra-kriyA-priyajanoM,putra, putrI, putravadhU, patnI Adi ko kaThora daNDa denaa| 11. mAyA-kriyA-kapaTa karanA, DhoMga krnaa| 12. lobha-kriyA- lobha krnaa|

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-279 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-131 13. IryApathikI-kriyA- apramatta, vivekI evaM saMyamI vyakti kI gamanAgamana _ evaM AhAra-vihAra kI kriyaa| 'Asava' zramaNaparamparA kA sAmAnya zabda thaa| bauddhaparamparA meM Asrava zabda kI vyAyA yaha hai ki jo madirA (Asava) ke samAna jJAna kA viparyaya kare, vaha Asrava hai| dUsare, jisase saMsArarUpI du:kha kA prasava hotA hai, vaha Asrava - jainadarzana meM Asrava ko saMsAra (bhava) evaM bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana meM Asrava ko bhava kA hetu kahA gayA hai| donoM darzana arhatoM ko kSINAsrava kahate haiN| bauddhavicAraNA meM Asrava tIna mAne gae haiM- (1) kAma, (2) bhava aura (3) avidyA, lekina abhidharma meM dRSTi ko bhI Asrava kahA gayA hai| avidyA aura mithyAtva samAnArthI haiM hii| kAma ko kaSAya ke artha meM liyA jA sakatA hai aura bhava ko punarjanma ke artha meN| dhammapada meM pramAda ko Asrava kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| buddha kahate haiM- jo kartavya ko choDatA hai aura akartavya ko karatA hai, aise malayukta pramAdiyoM ke Asrava baDhate haiN| isa prakAra, jainavicAraNA ke samAna bauddha-vicAraNA meM bhI pramAda Asrava kA kAraNa hai| ___ bauddha aura jaina-vicAraNAoM meM isa artha meM bhI Asrava ke vicAra ke sambandha meM mataikya hai ki Asrava avidyA (mithyAtva) ke kAraNa hotA hai, lekina yaha avidyA yA mithyAtva bhI akAraNa nahIM, varan AsravaprasUta hai| jisa prakAra bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa se bIjakI paramparA calatI hai, vaise hI avidyA (mithyAtva) se Asrava aura Asrava se avidyA (mithyAtva) kI paramparA paraspara sApekSa rUpa meM calatI rahatI hai| buddha ne jahA~ avidyA ko Asrava kA kAraNa mAnA, vahA~ yaha bhI batAyA ki AsravoM ke samudaya se avidyA kA samudaya hotA hai| eka ke anusAra, Asrava citta-mala haiM, dUsare ke anusAra, ve Atma-mala haiM, lekina isa AtmavAda sambandhI dArzanika-bheda ke hote hue bhI donoM kA sAdhanA-mArga Asrava-kSaya ke nimitta hI hai| donoM kI dRSTi se AsravakSaya hI nirvANa-prApti kA prathama sopAna hai| buddha kahate haiM- "bhikSuoM! saMskAra, tRSNA, vedanA, sparza, avidyA Adi sabhI anitya, saMskRta aura kisI kAraNa se utpanna hone vAle haiN| bhikSuoM! ise bhI jAna lene aura dekha lene se AsravoM kA kSaya hotA hai|"

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-280 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-132 4.bandha tatva ___ jaise jaina-paramparA meM rAga, dveSa aura moha bandhana ke mUlabhUta kAraNa mAne gae haiM, vaise hI bauddha-paramparA meM lobha (rAga), dveSa aura moha ko bandhana (karmoM kI utpatti) kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| jo mUrkha lobha, dveSa aura moha se prerita hokara choTA yA baDA, jo bhI karma karatA hai, use usI ko bhoganA paDatA hai, na ki dUsare kA kiyA huA, isalie buddhimAn bhikSu ko cAhie ki lobha, dveSa aura moha kA tyAga kara evaM vidyA kA lAbha kara sArI durgatiyoM se mukta ho| . isa prakAra, jaina aura bauddha-donoM paramparAoM meM rAga, dveSa aura mohayahI tIna bandhana (saMsAra-paribhramaNa) ke kAraNa siddha hote haiN| vaise, mUlabhUta Asrava yoga (kriyA) hai, lekina yaha samaga' kriyA-vyApAra bhI svata:prasUta nahIM hai| usake bhI preraka sUtra haiM, jinheM Asava-dvAra yA bandhahetu kahA gayA hai| samavAyAMga, RSibhASita evaM tattvArthasUtra meM inakI saMkhyA 5 mAnI gaI hai-(1) mithyAtva, (2) avirati, (3) pramAda, (4) kaSAya aura (5) yoga (kriyaa)| samayasAra meM inameM se 4 kA ullekha milatA hai, usameM pramAda kA ullekha nahIM hai| uparyukta pA~ca pramukha AsaMva-dvAra yA bandhahetuoM ko puna: aneka bheda-prabhedoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ kevala nAma-nirdeza karanA paryApta hai| pA~ca Asrava-dvAroM yA bandha-hetuoM ke avAntara-bheda isa prakAra haiM 1. mithyAtva- mithyAtva ayathArtha dRSTikoNa hai, jo pA~ca prakAra kA hai(1) ekAnta, (2) viparIta, (3) vinaya, (4) saMzaya aura (5) ajnyaan| 2. avirati- yaha amaryAdita eMva asaMyamita jIvana-praNAlI hai| isake bhI pA~ca bheda haiM- (1) hiMsA, (2) asatya, (3) steyavRtti, (4) maithuna (kAmavAsanA) aura (5) pariga'ha (aaskti)| 3. pramAda- sAmAnyatayA, samaya kA anupayoga yA durupayoga pramAda hai| lakSyonmukha prayAsa ke sthAna para lakSya-vimukha prayAsa samaya kA durupayoga hai, jabaki prayAsa kA abhAva anupayoga hai| vastuta:, pramAda Atma-cetanA kA abhAva hai| pramAda pA~ca prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai (ka) vikathA- jIvana ke lakSya (sAdhya) aura usake sAdhanA-mArga para

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-281 jaina - tattvamImAMsA -133 vicAra nahIM karate hue anAvazyaka carcAe~ krnaa| vikathAe~ cAra prakAra kI haiM(1) rAjya-sambandhI (2) bhojana-sambandhI, (3) striyoM ke rUpa-saundaryasambandhI aura (4) desh-smbndhii| vikathA samaya kA durupayoga hai| (kha) kaSAya- krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobh| inakI upasthiti meM AtmacetanA kuNThita hotI hai, ata: ye bhI pramAda haiN| (ga) rAga- Asakti bhI Atma-cetanA ko kuNThita karatI hai, isalie . pramAda kahI jAtI hai| (gha) viSaya- sevana- pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM kA sevn| (Ga) nidrA- adhika nidrA lenaa| nidrA samaya kA anupayoga hai| 4. kaSAya-krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye cAra pramukha manodazAe~, jo apanI tIvratA aura mandatA ke AdhAra para solaha prakAra kI hotI haiM, kaSAya kahI jAtI haiN| ina kaSAyoM ke janaka hAsyAdi nau prakAra ke manobhAva upakaSAya haiN| kaSAya aura upakaSAya milakara paccIsa bheda hote haiN| 5. yoga-jaina-zabdAvalI meM yoga kA artha kriyA hai, jo tIna prakAra kI haiM- (1) mAnasika-kriyA (manoyoga), (2) vAcika-kriyA (vacanayoga), (3) zArIrika-kriyA (kaayyog)| yadi hama bandhana ke pramukha kAraNoM ko aura saMkSepa meM jAnanA cAheM, to jaina-paramparA meM bandhana ke mUlabhUta tIna kAraNa rAga (Asakti), dveSa aura moha mAne gae haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM rAga aura dveSa-ina donoM ko karma-bIja kahA gayA hai aura una donoM kA kAraNa moha batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi rAga aura dveSa sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM, phira bhI unameM rAga hI pramukha hai| rAga ke kAraNa hI dveSa hotA hai| jaina-kathAnakoM ke anusAra, indrabhUti gautama kA mahAvIra ke prati prazastarAga bhI unake kaivalya kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka rahA thaa| isa prakAra, rAga evaM moha (ajJAna) hI bandhana ke pramukha kAraNa haiN| AcArya kundakunda rAga ko pramukha kAraNa batAte hue kahate haiM, Asakta AtmA hI karma-bandha karatA hai aura anAsakta mukta ho jAtA hai, yahI jina bhagavAn kA upadeza hai, isalie karmoM meM Asakti mata rakho, lekina yadi rAga (Asakti) kA kAraNa jAnanA cAheM, to jaina-paramparA ke anusAra moha hI isakA kAraNa siddha hotA hai, yadyapi moha aura rAga-dveSa sApekSa rUpa meM eka-dUsare ke kAraNa banate haiN| isa prakAra, dveSa kA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-282 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-134 . kAraNa rAga aura rAga kA kAraNa moha hai| moha tathA rAga (Asakti) paraspara eka-dUsare ke kAraNa haiM, ata: rAga, dveSa aura moha-ye tIna hI jaina-paramparA meM bandhana ke mUla kAraNa haiN| isameM se dveSa ko, jo rAga (Asakti) janita hai, choDa dene para zeSa rAga (Asakti) aura moha (ajJAna)-ye do kAraNa bacate haiM, jo anyonyAzrita haiN| sAMkhyayoga-darzana meM bandhana kA kAraNa yogasUtra meM bandhana yA kleza ke pA~ca kAraNa mAne gae haiM- 1. avidyA, 2. asmitA (ahaMkAra), 3. rAga (Asakti), 4. dveSa aura 5. abhiniveza (mRtyu kA bhy)| inameM bhI avidyA hI pramukha kAraNa hai, kyoMki zeSa cAroM avidyA para AdhArita haiN| jainadarzana ke rAga, dveSa aura moha (avidyA) isameM bhI svIkRta haiN| nyAya-darzana meM bandhana kA kAraNa nyAya-darzana meM jaina-darzana ke samAna bandhana ke mUlabhUta tIna kAraNa mAne gae haiM- 1.rAga, 2. dveSa aura 3. moh| rAga (Asakti) ke bhItara kAma, matsara, spRhA, tRSNA, lobha, mAyA tathA dambha kA samAveza hotA hai tathA dveSa meM krodha, IrSyA, asUyA, droha (hiMsA) tathA amarSa kaa| moha (ajJAna) meM mithyAjJAna, saMzaya, mAna aura pramAda hote haiN| rAga aura dveSa moha athavA ajJAna se utpanna hote haiN| isa prakAra, tulanAtmaka-dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe, to sabhI vicAraNAoM meM avidyA (moha) aura rAga-dveSa hI bandhana, du:kha yA kleza ke kAraNa haiM / dveSa bhI rAga ke kAraNa hotA hai, ata: mUlata: Asakti (rAga) aura avidyA (moha) hI bandhana ke kAraNa haiM, jinakI sthiti paraspara sApekSa-bhAva se hai| 5. saMvara-tattva yadyapi yaha satya hai ki AtmA ke pUrva karma-saMskAroM ke kAraNa bandhana kI praki yA avirAma gati se cala rahI hai| pUrva karma-saMskAra vipAka ke avasara para AtmA ko prabhAvita karate haiM aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa mAnasika evaM zArIrika kriyA-vyApAra hotA hai aura usa ki yA-vyApAra ke kAraNa navIna karmAsrava evaM karma-bandha hotA hai, ata: yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki bandhana se

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-283 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-135 mukta kaise huA jAe ? jaina-darzana bandhana se bacane ke lie jo upAya karatA hai, use saMvara kahate haiN| saMvara kA artha tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra, Asrava-nirodha saMvara hai| saMvara mokSa kA mUla kAraNa tathA naitika-sAdhanA kA prathama sopAna hai| saMvara zabda 'sam' upasargapUrvaka 'vR' dhAtu se banA hai| vRdhAtu kA artha hai-rokanA yA nirodha krnaa| isa prakAra, saMvara zabda kA artha hai-AtmA meM praveza karane vAle karma-vargaNA ke pudgaloM ko roka denaa| sAmAnyata; zArIrika, vAcika evaM mAnasika-ki yAoM kA yathAzakya nirodha karanA (rokanA) saMvara hai, kyoMki ki yAe~ hI Asrava kA kAraNa haiN| jaina-paramparA meM saMvara ko karma-paramANaoM ke Asrava ko rokane ke artha meM aura bauddha-paramparA meM kiyA ke nirodha ke artha meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki bauddha-paramparA meM karmavargaNA (paramANuoM) kA bhautika svarUpa mAnya nahIM hai, ata: ve saMvara ko jaina-paramparA ke artha meM nahIM lete haiN| usameM saMvara kA artha mana, vANI evaM zarIra ke kriyA-vyApAra yA aindrika-pravRttiyoM kA saMyama hI abhipreta hai| vaise, jaina-paramparA meM bhI saMvara ko kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasikaki yAoM ke nirodha ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki saMvara ke pA~ca aMgoM meM ayoga (aki yA) bhI eka hai| yadi isa paramparAgata artha ko mAnya karate hue bhI thoDA Upara uThakara dekheM, to saMvara kA vAstavika artha saMyama hI hotA hai| jaina-paramparA meM saMvara ke rUpa meM jisa jIvana-praNAlI kA vidhAna hai, vaha saMyamIjIvana kI pratIka hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM saMvara ke pA~ca bhedoM kA vidhAna pA~coM indriyoM ke saMyama ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM to saMvara ke sthAna para saMyama ko hI Asrava-nirodha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| vastuta:, saMvara kA artha hai-anaitika yA pApakArI-pravRttiyoM se apane ko bacAnA aura saMvara zabda isa artha meM saMyama kA paryAya hI siddha hotA hai| bauddha-paramparA meM saMvara zabda kA prayoga saMyama ke artha meM hI huA hai| dhammapada Adi meM prayukta saMvara zabda kA artha saMyama hI kiyA gayA hai| saMvara zabda kA yaha artha karane meM jahA~ eka ora hama tulanAtmaka-vivecana ko sulabha banA sakeMge, vahIM dUsarI ora, jaina-paramparA ke mUla Azaya se bhI dUra nahIM jAeMge, lekina saMvara kA yaha

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-284 jaina- tatvamImAMsA-136 niSedhaka-artha hI saba-kucha nahIM hai, varan usakA eka vidhAyaka-pakSa bhI hai| zubha adhyavasAya bhI saMvara ke artha meM svIkAra kie gae haiM, kyoMki azubha kI nivRtti ke lie zubha kA aMgIkAra prAthamika sthiti meM Avazyaka hai| vRttizUnyatA ke abhyAsI ke lie bhI prathama, zubha-vRttiyoM ko aMgIkAra karanA hotA hai, kyoMki citta ke zubhavRtti se paripUrNa hone para azubha ke lie koI sthAna nahIM rhtaa| azubha ko haTAne ke lie zubha Avazyaka hai| saMvara kA artha zubhavRttiyoM kA abhyAsa bhI hai| yadyapi vahA~ zubha kA mAtra vahI artha nahIM hai, jise hameM puNyAsrava yA puNyabaMdha ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| 2. jaina-paramparA meM saMvara kA vargIkaraNa (a) jaina-darzana meM saMvara ke do bheda haiM- 1. dravya-saMvara aura 2. bhaavsNvr| dravyasaMgraha meM kahA gayA hai ki karmAsrava ko rokane se sakSama AtmA kI caittasika-sthiti bhAvasaMvara hai aura dravyAsrava ko rokane vAlA usa caittasikasthiti kA pariNAma dravya-saMvara hai| .. (ba) saMvara ke pA~ca aMga yA dvAra batAe gae haiM-.1: samyaktva- yathArtha dRSTikoNa, 2. virati- maryAdita yA saMyamita jIvana, 3. apramattatA- AtmacetanatA, 4. akaSAyavRtti- krodhAdi manovegoM kA abhAva aura 5. ayogakriyaa| (sa) sthAnAMgasUtra meM saMvara ke AMTha bheda nirUpita haiM- 1. zrotra-indriya kA saMyama, 2. cakSu-indriya kA saMyama, 3. ghrANa-indriya kA saMyama, 4. rasanAindriya kA saMyama, 5. sparza-indriya kA saMyama, 6. mana kA saMyama, 7. vacana kA saMyama, 8. zarIra kA sNym| (da) prakArAntara se jainAgamoM meM saMvara ke sattAvana bheda bhI pratipAdita haiM, jinameM pA~ca samitiyA~, tIna guptiyA~, dasavidha yati-dharma, bAraha anuprekSAe~ (bhAvanAe~), bAIsa parISaha aura pA~ca sAmAyika-cAritra sammilita haiN| ye sabhI karmAsrava kA nirodha kara AtmA ko bandhana se bacAte haiM, ata: saMvara kahe jAte haiN| ina sabakA vizeSa sambandha saMnyAsa yA zramaNa-jIvana se hai| __ uparyukta AdhAroM para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki saMvara kA tAtparya aisI maryAdita jIvana-praNAlI hai, jisameM vivekapUrNa AcaraNa (kriyAoM kA sampAdana)

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-285 jaina- tattvamImAMsA-137 mana, vANI aura zarIra kI ayogya pravRttiyoM kA saMyamana, sadguNoM grahaNa, kaSTasahiSNutA aura samatva kI sAdhanA samAviSTa hai| jaina-darzana meM saMvara ke sAdhaka se yahI apekSA kI gaI hai ki usakA pratyeka AcaraNa saMyata evaM vivekapUrNa ho, cetanA sadaiva jAga'ta rahe, tAki indriyoM ke viSaya usameM rAga-dveSa kI pravRttiyA~ paidA na kara skeN| jaba indriyA~ aura mana apane viSayoM ke samparka meM Ate haiM, to AtmA meM vikAra yA vAsanA utpanna hone kI sambhAvanA khaDI hotI hai, ata: sAdhanA-mArga ke pathika ko sadaiva jAgrata rahate hue viSaya-sevanarUpa chidroM se Ane vAle karmAsrava yA vikAra se apanI rakSA karanI hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki kachuA jisa prakAra apane aMgoM ko sameTakara khatare se bAhara ho jAtA hai, vaise hI sAdhaka bhI adhyAtmayoga ke dvArA antarmukha hokara apane ko pApavRttiyoM se surakSita rakhe / mana, vANI, zarIra aura indriya-vyApAroM kA saMyamana hI naitika-jIvana kI sAdhanA kA lakSya hai| sacce sAdhaka kI vyAkhyA karate hue dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo sUtra tathA usake rahasya ko jAnakara hAtha, paira, vANI tathA indriyoM kA yathArtha saMyama rakhatA hai (arthAt sanmArga meM vivekapUrvaka prayatnazIla rahatA hai), adhyAtmarasa meM hI jo masta rahatA hai aura apanI AtmA ko samAdhi meM lagAtA hai, vahI saccA sAdhaka hai| 6. nirjarA-tattva __AtmA ke sAtha karma-pudgaloM kA sambaddha honA baMdha hai aura AtmA se karma-vargaNAoM kA alaga honA nirjarA hai| navIna Ane vAle karma-pudgaloM ko rokanA (saMvara) hai, parantu mAtra saMvara se nirvANa kI prApti saMbhava nhiiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki kisI bar3e tAlAba ke jala-srotoM (pAnI ke Agamana ke dvAra) ko banda kara diyA jAe aura usake andara rahe hue jala ko ulIcA jAe aura tApa se sukhAyA jAe, to vaha vistIrNa tAlAba bhI sUkha jaaegaa| isa rUpaka meM AtmA hI sarovara hai, karma pAnI hai, karma kA Asrava hI pAnI kA Agamana hai| usa pAnI ke Agamana ke dvAroM ko niruddha kara denA saMvara hai aura pAnI ko ulIcanA aura sukhAnA nirjarA hai| yaha rUpaka yaha batAtA hai ki 'saMvara se nae karmarUpI jala kA Agamana (Asrava) to ruka jAtA hai, lekina pUrva meM baMdhe hue, sattArUpa karmoM kA jala, jo AtmArUpI tAlAba meM zeSa hai, use

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-286 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-138 sukhAnA hI nirjarA hai| dravya aura bhAva-rUpa nirjarA- nirjarA zabda kA artha hai-jarjarita kara denA, jhADa denA, arthAt Atma-tattva se karma-pudgaloM kA alaga ho jAnA athavA alaga kara denA nirjarA hai| yaha nirjarA do prakAra kI hai| AtmA kA vaha caittasikaavasthArUpa hetu, jisake dvArA karma-pudgala apanA phala dekara alaga ho jAte haiM, bhAva-nirjarA kahA jAtA hai| bhAva-nirjarA AtmA kI vaha vizuddha avasthA hai, jisake kAraNa karma-paramANu AtmA se alaga ho jAte haiN| yahI karma-paramANuoM kA AtmA se pRthakkaraNa dravya-nirjarA hai| bhAva-nirjarA kAraNarUpa hai aura dravya-nirjarA kAryarUpa hai| sakAma aura akAma-nirjarA-nirjarA ke ye do prakAra bhI mAne gae haiM 1. karma jitanI kAla-maryAdA ke sAtha ba~dhA hai, usake samApta ho jAne. para apanA vipAka (phala) dekara AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai, yaha yathAkAlanirjarA hai| ise savipAka, akAma aura anaupaka mika-nirjarA bhI kahate haiN| ise savipAka-nirjarA isalie kahate haiM ki isameM karma apanA vipAka dekara alaga hotA hai, arthAt isameM phalodaya (vipAkodaya) hotA hai| ise akAmanirjarA isa AdhAra para kahA gayA hai ki isameM karma ke alaga karane meM vyakti ke saMkalpa kA tattva nahIM hotaa| upakrama zabda prayAsa ke artha meM AtA hai, isameM vaiyaktika-prayAsa kA abhAva hotA hai, ata: ise anaupaka mika bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha eka prakAra se vipAka-avadhi ke Ane para apanA phala dekara svAbhAvika rUpa meM karma kA alaga ho jAnA hai| 2. tapasyA ke mAdhyama se karmoM ko unake phala dene ke samaya ke pUrva, arthAt unakI kAlasthiti paripakva hone ke pahile hI pradezodaya ke dvArA bhogakara balAt alaga kara diyA jAtA hai, to yaha nirjarA sakAma-nirjarA kahI jAtI hai, kyoMki nirjarita hone meM samaya kA tattva apanI sthiti ko pUrA nahIM karatA hai| ise avipAka-nirjarA bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki isameM vipAkodaya yA phalodaya nahIM hotA hai, mAtra pradezodaya hotA hai| vipAkodaya aura pa'dezodaya ke antara ko eka udAharaNa se samajhA jA sakatA hai| jaba klorophArma suMghAkara kisI vyakti kI cIra-phADa kI jAtI hai, to usameM use asAtAvedanIya.(du:khAnubhUti) nAmaka

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-287 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-139 karma kA pradezodaya hotA hai, lekina vipAkodaya nahIM hotA hai| usameM du:khada vedanA ke tathya to upasthita hote haiM, lekina du:khada vedanA kI anubhUti nahIM hai| isI prakAra, pradezodaya-karma ke phala kA tathya to upasthita ho jAtA hai, lekina usakI phalAnubhUti nahIM hotI hai, ata: vaha avipAka-nirjarA kahI jAtI hai| ise sakAma-nirjarA bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki isameM karma-paramANaoM ko AtmA se alaga karane kA saMkalpa hotA hai| yaha aupakramika-nirjarA bhI kahI jAtI hai, kyoMki isameM upakrama yA prayAsa hotA hai| prayAsapUrvaka, taiyArIsahita, karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM ko AtmA se alaga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha karmoM ko nirjarita (kSaya) karane kA kRtrima prakAra hai| anaupakramika yA savipAka-nirjarA anicchApUrvaka, azAnta evaM vyAkula citta-vRtti se pUrvasaMcita karma ke pratiphaloM kA sahana karanA hai, jabaki avipAka-nirjarA icchApUrvaka samabhAvoM se jIvana meM AI huI paristhitiyoM kA mukAbalA karanA hai| 7.jaina-sAdhanA meM aupakramika-nirjarA kA sthAna jaina-sAdhanA kI dRSTi se nirjarA kA pahalA prakAra, jise savipAka yA anaupakramika- nirjarA kahate haiM, adhika mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| yaha pahalA prakAra sAdhanA ke kSetra meM hI nahIM AtA hai, kyoMki karmoM ke bandha aura nirjarA kA yaha krama to satata calA A rahA hai| hama pratikSaNa purAne karmoM kI nirjarA karate rahate haiM, lekina jaba taka navIna karmoM kA sRjana samApta nahIM hotA, aisI nirjarA se sApekSa rUpa meM koI lAbha nahIM hotA, jaise- koI vyakti purAne RNa kA bhugatAna to karatA rahe, lekina navIna RNa bhI letA rahe, to vaha RNa-mukta nahIM ho paataa| jaina-darzana ke anusAra, AtmA savipAka-nirjarA to anAdikAla se karatA A rahA hai, lekina nirvANa kA lAbha prApta nahIM kara skaa| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM- "yaha cetana AtmA karma ke vipAkakAla meM sukhada aura * du:khada phaloM kI anubhUti karate hue puna: du:kha ke bIjarUpa ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA bandha kara letA hai, kyoMki karma jaba apanA vipAka-phala dete haiM, to kisI nimitta se dete haiM aura ajJAnI AtmA zubha-nimitta para rAga aura azubha-nimitta para dveSa karake navIna bandha kara letA hai|"

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-288 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-140 .. ata:, sAdhanA-mArga ke pathika ke lie pahale yaha nirdeza diyA gayA ki vaha prathama jJAna-yukta ho, karmAsrava kA nirodha kara apane-Apako saMvRta kre| saMvara ke abhAva meM nirjarA kA koI mUlya nahIM, vaha to anAdikAla se hotI A rahI hai, kintu bhava-paramparA ko samApta karane meM sahAyaka nahIM huii| dUsare, yadi AtmA saMvara kA AcaraNa karatA huA bhI isa yathAkAla honevAlI nirjarA kI pratIkSA meM baiThA rahe, to bhI vaha zAyada hI mukta ho sakegA, kyoMki jaina-mAnyatA ke anusAra, prANI kA karma-bandha itanA adhika hotA hai ki vaha aneka janmoM meM bhI zAyada isa karma-bandha se svAbhAvika nirjarA ke mAdhyama se mukta ho sake, lekina itanI lambI samayAvadhi meM saMvara se skhalita hokara navIna karmoM ke bandha kI sambhAvanA bhI to rahatI hai, ata: sAdhanA-mArga ke pathika ke lie jo mArga batAyA gayA hai, vaha hai- aupakramika yA avipAka-nirjarA kaa| mahatva isI tapajanya aupakramika-nirjarA kA hai| RSibhASitasUtra meM RSi kahatA hai ki 'saMsArI-AtmA pratikSaNa nae karmoM kA badha aura purAne karmoM kI nirjarA kara rahA hai, lekina tapa se hone vAlI nirjarA hI vizeSa (mahatvapUrNa) hai|' muni suzIlakumArajI likhate haiM ki 'bandha aura nirjarA kA pravAha avirAma gati se baDha rahA hai, kintu jo sAdhaka saMvara dvArA navIna Asrava ko niruddha kara tapasyA dvArA purAtana karmoM ko kSINa karatA calatA hai, vaha anta meM pUrNa rUpa se niSkarma bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jaina-AcAradarzana aupakramika yA avipAka-nirjarA para bala detA hai| jaina-tattvajJAna aupakramika-nirjarA kI dhAraNA ke dvArA yaha svIkAra karakeM calatA hai ki karmoM ko unake vipAka ke pUrva hI samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha anivArya nahIM hai ki hameM apane pUrvakRta sabhI karmoM kA phala bhoganA hI pdde| jaina-darzana kahatA hai ki vyakti tapasyA se apane andara vaha sAmarthya utpanna kara letA hai ki jisase vaha apane koTi-koTi janmoM ke saMcita karmoM ko kSaNamAtra meM binA phala bhoge hI samApta kara detA hai| sAdhaka ke dvArA alipta bhAva se kiyA huA tapazcaraNa usake karma-saMghAta para aisA prahAra karatA hai ki vaha jarjarita hokara AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai| aupakramika-nirjarA ke bheda- jainAcAra-darzana meM tapasyA ko pUrva saMcitakarmoM ke naSTa karane kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| jaina-vicArakoM ne isa

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-289 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-141 aupakramika athavA avipAka-nirjarA ke 12 bheda kie haiM, jo ki tapa ke hI 12 bheda haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM- 1. anazana yA upavAsa, 2. UnodarI-AhAra kI mAtrA meM kamI, 3. bhikSAcaryA athavA vRtti saMkSepa- maryAdita bhojana, 4. rasaparityAga-svAdajaya, 5. kAyA kleza-AsanAdi, 6. pratisaMlInatAindriya-nirodha, kaSAya-nirodha, kriyA-nirodha tathA ekAMta nivAsa, 7. prAyazcitta-svecchA se daNDa grahaNa kara pApa-zuddhiyA duSkarmoM ke prati pazcAtApa, 8. vinaya- vinamravRtti tathA variSThajanoM ke prati sammAna prakaTa karanA, 9. vaiyAvRtya-sevA, 10. svAdhyAya, 11.dhyAna aura 12. vyutsrg-mmtv-tyaag| isa prakAra, sAdhaka saMvara ke dvArA navIna-karmoM ke Asrava (Agamana) kA nirodha tathA nirjarA dvArA pUrva karmoM kA kSaya kara nirvANa prApta kara letA hai| 7. mokSa-tattva ___ jaina-tattva-mImAMsA ke anusAra saMvara ke dvArA karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodha ho jAne para aura nirjarA ke dvArA samasta purAtana karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para AtmA kI jo niSkarma zuddhAvasthA hotI hai, vaha mokSa hai| karmamaloM ke abhAva meM karmabandhana bhI nahIM rahatA aura bandhana kA abhAva hI mukti hai| mokSa AtmA kI zuddha svarUpAvasthA hai / anAtmA meM mamatva-AsaktirUpa AtmAbhimAna kA dUra ho jAnA hI mukti hai| .. bandhana aura mukti kI yaha samagra vyAkhyA paryAyadRSTi kA viSaya hai| AtmA kA virUpa-paryAya hI bandhana hai aura svarUpa-paryAya mokSa hai| para-padArtha yA pudgala-paramANuoM ke nimitta se AtmA meM jo paryAe~ utpanna hotI haiM aura jisake kAraNaM 'para' meM AtmabhAva (merApana) utpanna hotA hai, vahI virUpaparyAya hai, parapariNati hai, 'sva' kI 'para' meM avasthiti hai, yahI bandhana hai aura isakA abhAva hI mukti hai| bandhana aura mukti-donoM Atma-dravya yA cetanA kI hI do avasthAe~ haiN| vizuddha tattvadRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe, to bandhana aura mukti kI vyAkhyA karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki Atma-tattva svasvarUpa kA parityAga kara parasvarUpa meM kabhI bhI pariNata nahIM hotaa| vizuddha tattvadRSTi se to AtmA nityamukta hai, lekina jaba tattva kI paryAyoM ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA jAtA hai, to bandhana aura mukti kI sambhAvanAe~ spaSTa ho jAtI haiM, kyoMki bandhana aura

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-290 jaina - tattvamImAMsA-142 mukti paryAya-avasthA meM hI sambhava hotI hai| mokSa ko tattva kahA gayA hai, lekina vastuta: mokSa to bandhana kA abhAva hI hai| jainAgamoM meM mokSa-tattva para tIna * dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai- (1) bhAvAtmaka-dRSTikoNa, (2) abhAvAtmakadRSTikoNa aura (3) anirvcniiy-dRssttikonn| (a) bhAvAtmaka-dRSTikoNa- jaina-dArzanikoM ne bhAvAtmaka-dRSTikoNa se vicAra karate hue mokSAvasthA ko nirbAdha avasthA kahA hai| mokSa-avasthA meM samasta bandhanoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa AtmA ke nija guNa pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa ho jAte haiN| yaha mokSa-bAdhaka tattvoM kI anupasthiti aura AtmazaktiyoM kA pUrNa prakaTana hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra, mokSAvasthA meM manuSya kI avyakta zaktiyA vyakta ho jAtI haiN| unameM nihita jJAna, bhAva aura saMkalpa AdhyAtmikaanuzAsana ke dvArA anantajJAna, anantasukha aura anantazakti meM parivartita ho jAte haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne mokSa kI bhAvAtmaka-avasthA kA citraNa karate hue use 'zuddha, anantacatuSTayayukta, zAzvata, avinAzI, nirbAdha, atIndriya, anupama, nitya, avicala, anAlamba kahA hai|' AcArya Age calakara mokSa meM nimna bAtoM kI vidyamAnatA kI sUcanA karate haiM-(1) pUrNa saukhya, (2) pUrNajJAna, (3) pUrNadarzana, (4) pUrNavIrya (zakti), (5) amUrttatva, (6) astitva aura (7) sprdeshtaa| ye sAta bhAvAtmaka tathya sabhI bhAratIya-darzanoM ko svIkAra nahIM hai / vedAnta sapradezatA ko asvIkAra karatA hai| sAMkhya saukhya evaM vIrya ko aura nyAya-vaizeSika jJAna aura darzana ko bhI asvIkAra kara dete haiN| bauddhazUnyavAda astitva kA bhI nirasana karatA hai aura cArvAka - darzana mokSa kI dhAraNA ko hI svIkAra nahIM krtaa| vastuta:, mokSAvasthA ko anirvacanIya mAnate hue bhI vibhinna dArzanika-mAnyatAoM ke pratyuttara ke lie hI isa bhAvAtmaka-avasthA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhAvAtmaka-dRSTi se.jaina-vicAraNA mokSAvasthA meM ananta-catuSTaya, arthAt ananta-jJAna, ananta-darzana, anantasaukhya aura ananta-zakti kI upasthiti para bala detI hai| bIjarUpa meM yaha ananta-catuSTaya sabhI jIvoM meM svAbhAvika guNa ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| mokSadazA meM inake avarodhaka karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se yaha pUrNa rUpa meM prakaTa ho jAte haiN| ananta-catuSTaya ke atirikta aSTakarmoM ke kSaya ke AdhAra para siddhoM meM ATha guNa bhI jaina-darzana meM mAnya haiN| (1) jJAnAvaraNa-karma ke naSTa ho jAne se muktAtmA

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-291 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-143 ananta-jJAna yA pUrNa jJAna se yukta hotA hai| (2) darzanAvaraNa-karma ke naSTa ho jAne se ananta-darzana prakaTa hotA hai| (3) vedanIya-karma ke kSaya ho jAne se vizuddha anazvara AdhyAtmika-sukhoM se yukta hotA hai| (4) mohanIya-karma ke naSTa ho jAne se yathArtha dRSTi (kSAyika-samyaktva) se yukta hotA hai| moha-karma ke darzanamoha aura cAritramoha-aise do bhAga kie jAte haiN| darzanamoha ke prahANa se yathArtha dRSTi aura cAritramoha ke kSaya se yathArtha cAritra (kSAyika-cAritra) prakaTa hotA hai, lekina mokSa-dazA meM ki yA-rUpa cAritra nahIM hotA, mAtra dRSTirUpa cAritra hotA hai, ata: use kSAyika-samyaktva ke antargata hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| vaise ATha karmoM kI 31 prakRtiyoM ke kSaya hone ke AdhAra para siddhoM ke 31 guNa mAne gae haiM, unameM yathA'yAtacAritra ko svataMtra guNa mAnA gayA hai| (5) Ayukarma ke kSaya ho jAne se muktAtmA azarIrI hotA hai, ata: vaha indriyagrAhya nahIM hotaa| (6) gotra-karma ke naSTa ho jAne se vaha agurulaghu hotA hai, arthAt sabhI siddha samAna hote haiM, unameM choTA-bar3A yA UMca-nIca kA bheda nahIM hotaa| (7) antarAyakarma kA prahANa ho jAne se AtmA bAdhArahita hotA hai, arthAt ananta-zaktisampanna hotA hai| ananta-zakti kA yaha vicAra mUlata: niSedhAtmaka hI hai| yaha mAtra bAdhAoM kA abhAva hai, lekina isa prakAra aSTakarmoM ke prahANa ke AdhAra se muktAtmA ke ATha guNoM kI vyA'yA mAtra eka vyAvahArika-saMkalpanA hI hai, usake vAstavika svarUpa kA vivecana nahIM hai, vyAvahArika-dRSTi se use samajhane kA prayAsa bhara hai| vastuta:, vaha anirvacanIya hai| AcArya nemicandra spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM- "siddhoM ke ina guNoM kA vidhAna mAtra siddhAnta ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM jo ekAntika-mAnyatAe~ haiM, unake niSedha ke lie hai|'' muktAtmA meM kevala-jJAna aura kevala-darzana ke rUpa meM jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga ko svIkAra karake muktAtmA ko jaDa mAnane vAlI vaibhASika-bauddhoM aura nyAya-vaizeSikoM kI dhAraNA kA pratiSedha kiyA gayA hai| muktAtmA ke astitva yA akSayatA ko svIkAra kara mokSa ko abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM mAnane vAle jaDavAdI tathA sautrAntika-bauddhoM kI mAnyatA kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki mokSadazA kA yaha samaga' citraNa apanA niSedhAtmaka-mUlya hI rakhatA hai| yaha vidhAna bhI niSedha ke lie hai| (ba) abhAvAtmaka-dRSTikoNa- jainAgamoM meM mokSAvasthA kA citraNa

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jaina dharma evaM darzana-292 jaina-tattvamImAMsA-144 niSedhAtmaka-rUpase bhI huA hai| AcArAMga meM muktAtmA kA niSedhAtmaka-citraNa isa prakAra huA hai- mokSAvasthA meM samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se muktAtmA meM samasta karmajanya upAdhiyoM kA bhI abhAva hotA hai; ata: muktAtmA na dIrgha hai, na hrasva hai, na vRttAkAra hai, na trikoNa hai, na catuSkoNa hai, na parimaNDala saMsthAnavAlA hai| vaha kRSNa, nIla, pIta, rakta aura zveta-varNa vAlA bhI nahIM hai| vaha sugandha aura durgandha vAlA bhI nahIM hai / na vaha tIkSNa, kaTuka, khaTTA, mIThA evaM amla rasa vAlA hai| usameM guru, laghu, komala, kaThora, snigdha, rukSa, zIta evaM uSNa Adi sparza-guNoM kA bhI abhAva hai| vaha na strI hai, na puruSa hai, na napuMsaka hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM- "mokSadazA meM na sukha hai, na du:kha hai, na pIDA hai, na bAdhA hai, na janma hai, na maraNa hai, na vahA~ indriyA~ haiM, na upasarga hai, na moha hai, na vyAmoha hai, na nidrA hai, na vahA~ cintA hai, na Arta aura raudravicAra hI haiN| vahA~ to dharma (zubha) aura zukla (zuddha) vicAroM kA bhI abhAva hai|'' mokSAvasthA to sarva saMkalpoM kA abhAva haiN| vaha buddhi aura vicAra kA viSaya nahIM hai, vaha pakSAtikrAMta hai| isa prakAra, muktAvasthA kA niSedhAtmakavivecana usakI anirvacanIyatA ko batAne ke lie hai| (sa) anirvacanIya-dRSTikoNa- mokSatattva kA niSedhAtmaka-nirvacana anivArya rUpa se hameM anirvacanIyatA kI ora hI le jAtA hai| pAramArthika-dRSTi se vicAra karate hue jaina-dArzanikoM ne use anivarcanIya hI mAnA hai| ___AcArAMgasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai, 'samasta svara vahA~ se lauTa Ate haiM, arthAt dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI zabda kI pravRtti kA vaha viSaya nahIM hai| vANI usakA nirvacana karane meM kathamapi samartha nahIM hai| vahA~ vANI mUka ho jAtI hai, tarka kI vahA~ taka pahu~ca nahIM hai, buddhi (mati) use grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai, arthAt vaha vANI-vicAra aura buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai| kisI upamA ke dvArA bhI use nahIM samajhAyA jA sktaa| vaha anupama hai, arUpI hai, sattAvAn hai| usa apada kA koI pada nahIM hai, arthAt aisA koI zabda nahIM hai, jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA ske|

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prAcya vidyApITha : eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA san 1997 se saMcAlita prAcya vidyA pITha, zAjApura AgarA-mumbaI mArga para sthita isa saMsthAna kA mukhya udezya bhAratIya prAcya vidyAoM ke ucca starIya adhyayana, prazikSaNa evaM zodhakArya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko punaH pratiSThita karanA hai| isa vidyApITha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindu dharma Adi ke lagabhaga 12,000 durlabha grantha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta 700 hastalikhita pANDulipiyA~ bhI hai| yahA~ 40 patrapatrikAe~ bhI niyamita AtI hai - isa parisara meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zodhArthiyoM aura mumukSujanoM ke lie adhyayana adhyApana ke sAtha-sAtha nivAsa, bhojana Adi kI bhI uttama vyavasthA hai| zodhakArya ke mArgadarzana evaM zikSaNa hetu DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina kA satat sAnidhya prApta hai| ise vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ujjaina dvArA zodha saMsthAna ke rupa meM mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai|

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lekhana DaoN. sAgaramala jaina janma di. 22.02.1932 janma sthAna zAjApura (ma.pra.) zikSA sAhityaratna : 1954 ema.e. (darzana zAstra) : 1963 pI-eca.DI. : 1969 akAdamika upalabdhiyA~ : pravaktA (darzanazAstra) ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevAH 1964-67 sahAyaka prAdhyApaka ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA : 1968-85 prAdhyApaka (prophesara) ma.pra. zAsa. zikSA sevA : 1985-89 nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI : 1979-1987 evaM 1989-1997 :49 pustakeM sampAdana 160 pustakeM pradhAna sampAdaka jaina vidyA vizvakoSa (pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI mahatvAkAMkSI pariyojanA) puraskAra : pradIpakumAra rAmapuriyA puraskAra : 1986 evaM 1998 svAmI praNavAnanda puraskAra : 1987 DipTImala puraskAra :1992 AcArya hastImala smRti sammAna : 1994 vidyAvAradhi sammAna 2003 presIDensIyala avArDa oNpha jainA yU.esa.e: 2007 vAgArtha sammAna (ma.pra. zAsana) : 2007 gautama gaNadhara sammAna (prAkRta bhAratI) : 2008 ArcAya tulasI prAkRta sammAna 2009 vidyAcandrasUrI sammAna 2011 samatA manISI sammAna : 2012 sadasya : akAdamika saMsthAe~ pUrva sadasya - vidvata pariSada, bhopAla vizvavidyAlaya, bhopAla sadasya-jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM : pUrva sadasya - mAnada nidezaka, Agama, ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udypur| samprati saMsthApaka - prabaMdha nyAsI evaM nidezaka prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra) pUrvasacivaHpArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI videza bhramaNa yU.esa.e., zikAgoM, rAle, hyUTana, nyUjarsI, uttarIkarolInA, vAziMgaTana, senaphrAMsisko, laoNsa eMjilsa, phinIksa, seMTa lUIsa, piTsabarga, ToraNToM, (kanAr3A) nyUyArka, landana (yU.ke.) aura kATamADUM (nepAla) Printed at Akrati Offset, UJJAIN Ph. 0734-2561720