Gujarati Sahityano Itihas Part 02 Khand 01

Author(s): Umashankar Joshi & Others
Publisher: Gujarati Sahitya Parishad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032073/1

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2 khaMDa : 1 (I. 1450-1650) sAhitya rAta pari amadAva gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada, amadAvAda

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gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2 khaMDa - 1 [I. 1450thI 1650]. zodhita-vardhita bIjI AvRtti pahelI AvRtti saMpAdake umAzaMkara jozI anaMtarAya rAvaLa yazavaMta zukla sahAyaka saMpAdaka cimanalAla trivedI, bIjI AvRtti zodhana-saMpAdana ramaNa sonI parAmarzana cimanalAla trivedI ( gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada, amadAvAda

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Gujarati Sahityano Itihas Granth : 2, Khand : 1 HISTORY OF GUJARATI LITERATURE VOL. I-1 Revised Edition: Edited by RAMAN SONI Vetted by CHIMANLAL TRIVEDI, 2003 prathama AvRtti, 1976 bIjI zodhita-vardhita AvRtti, 2003 prata : 500 pRSTha : 16 + 492 kiMmata : 150/ prakAzaka harSada trivedI maMtrI : gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada, AzramamArga, nadIkinAre, amadAvAda-380 009 yaIpaseTiMga ane mudraNasajjA kalpana mudrAMkana 18, hemadIpa sosAyaTI, TAgoranagara pAchaLa, jUnA pAdarA roDa, vaDodarA - 380 015 mudraka bhagavatI oNphaseTa, 15-sI, baMsIdhara eNsTeTa, bAraDolapura, amadAvAda-380 004 gujarAta sAhitya akAdamInI Arthika sahAyathI prakAzita

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prakAzakanuM nivedana gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada taraphathI I.1973thI 1981 daramyAna gujarAtI sAhityanA bRhad itihAsanA cAra graMtho pragaTa karavAmAM AvyA hatA. e pachI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade gujarAtI sAhitya kozanA traNa graMthonuM prakAzana paNa karyuM hatuM. ane emAM, khAsa karIne, madhyakALanA sAhitya vize cakAsaNI karIne adhikRta vigato pragaTa karI hatI. gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsanA cAra graMtho ghaNA lAMbA samayathI aprApya hatA. ethI emAMnI sAmagrInuM zodhana karAvIne e graMthone sulabha karI ApavAno pariSade nirNaya karyo hato. eTale enI prathama AvRttinA sahAyaka saMpAdaka zrI cimanalAla trivedInA parAmarzanamAM, "gujarAtI sAhityakoza'nA prathama khaMDanA sahasaMpAdaka ane bIjA khaMDanA eka saMpAdaka zrI ramaNa sonIne A graMthonA zodhana-saMpAdananI javAbadArI soMpavAmAM AvI hatI. e AnaMdanI vAta che ke zrI ramaNabhAInAM sUjha ane cokasAIno tathA zrI cimanabhAInA anubhavano lAbha maLatAM gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsanA prathama graMthanI bIjI AvRttinuM yogya zodhana-saMpAdana thaI zakyuM hatuM ane e ja rIte bIjA graMthanA prathama khaMDa(I.1450-1650)nI A navI AvRtti paNa zodhitavardhita rUpe pragaTa thAya che. A rIte ja bAkInA graMthonI zodhita-saMpAdita bIjI AvRtti kramekrame pragaTa karavAmAM Avaze. cothA graMthanA anusaMdhAnamAM pAMcamA ane chaThThA graMthamAM adyatana samaya sudhIno gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa AvarI levAmAM Avaze. enI kAmagIrI kalA.svAdhyAyamaMdira taraphathI jhaDapabhera AgaLa cAlI rahI che. A zodhita AvRttinA saMpAdaka zrI ramaNa sonInA ane parAmarzaka zrI cimanalAla trivedInA ame AbhArI chIe. ' gujarAta sAhitya akAdamIe A bIjI AvRttinA prakAzana mATe Arthika sahAya ApI che. e mATe pariSada akAdamIno paNa AbhAra mAne che. harSada trivedI prakAzanamaMtrI

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gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada prakAzita gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa : graMthazreNI graMtha : 1 madhyakALa I. 1150thI I. 1450 prathama AvRtti, 1973, bIjI AvRtti 2001 graMtha:2 khaMDa : 1 madhyakALa I. 1450thI I. 1850 prathama AvRtti. 1976 bIjI AvRtti 2003 (graMtha:2, khaMDa-1 i. 1450-1650) graMtha: 3 arvAcIna kALa : dalapatarAmathI kalApI prathama AvRtti, 1978 graMtha: 4 arvAcInakALa : nhAnAlAlathI meghANI prathama AvRtti, 1981

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bIjI AvRttinuM nivedana gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade I.1967mAM, gujarAtI sAhityanA bRhada itihAsanI yojanA hAtha dharI e pachI I.1973 thI 1981 sudhImAM enA cAra graMtho prakAzita thaI gayA hatA, te samayanA krame madhyakALanA AraMbha(Azare I.1150)thI 'jhaveracaMda meghANI' sudhI pahoMcAyuM hatuM. enA prakAzananAM 20-25 varSo pachI A cAre graMtho aprApya banyA che - pahelA be graMtho to varSothI aprApya hatA. eTale pariSada A cAre graMthonI bIjI AvRttio prakAzita karavAnuM vicAryuM ane enA zodhanasaMpAdananI javAbadArI mane tathA parAmarzananI zrI cimanalAla trivedIne soMpavAmAM AvI. kevaLa punarmudraNane badale navI AvRttio karavAnA pariSadanA nirNaya pAchaLanuM kAraNa e che ke A cAre graMthomAMnI keTalIka sAmagrInI pheratapAsa jarUrI banI hatI. I. 1980thI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade gujarAtI sAhityakoza'nI kAmagIrI AraMbhI hatI ne emAM ghaNAbadhA saMdarbhonI tulanAtmaka cakAsaNIne pariNAme je adhikRta vigato tAravavAmAM AvI hatI enA prakAzamAM sAhityakozapUrve prakAzita thayelI sAhityanA itihAsa, saMzodhana ane vivecananA graMthomAMnI keTalIka sAmagrI tathyonI dRSTie pheravicAra ne saMmArjanane pAtra TharI hatI. kartAonAM nAmonA, eka ja nAmanA ekAdhika kartAonA ne emanA kartutvanA; kartAonA samaya-nirdhAraNanA; racanAkAro racayitA) ane lekhanakAro lahiyA)nAM nAmonI saMdigdhatAnA ane bheLaseLanA; kRtionA racanA samayanA - keTalAka prazro upara tarI AvyA hatA. itihAsa-graMthonI A navI AvRttine, e badhA saMdarbhe, adyatana(apaDeTeDa) karavAnuM vicAryuM che. vividha vidvAnonA hAthe samayAnukramI prakaraNorUpe A itihAsagraMtho taiyAra thayA hovAthI, zailInI bhale nahIM paNa lekhanapaddhatinI zakya eTalI ekavAkyatA UbhI thAya to enuM mALakhuM vadhu zAstrIya ne ekarUpa karavAnuM banI zake, e daSTikoNathI paNa saMmArjano karI levAnuM rAkhyuM che. jude jude hAthe, samayAnukramI prakaraNorUpe, taiyAra thatA saMkalita-saMpAdita itihAsa-lekhananA prazno rahevAnA. eTale emAM saMpAdakanI kAmagIrI, ne enuM

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uttaradAyItva paNa, vadhI javAnAM. A itihAsagraMthonI prathama AvRttinuM saMpAdana, temaja sahasaMpAdana, gujarAtInA uttama vidvAno-sArasvatonA hAthamAM soMpAyeluM hovAthI temaja enA sahayogI lekhako tarIke paNa ApaNA keTalAka tajjJa abhyAsIonI madada maLI hovAthI sAhityanA itihAsane samRddha kare evA tejasvI aMzo A graMthomAM avazya dekhAya che. tema chatAM, bhale darekanI AgavI chatAM bhinnabhinna zailIonA - ne khAsa to lekhanapaddhatinA - judApaNAno sAmano karavAno to A bRhada itihAsane paNa Avyo che. e ghaNe aMze svAbhAvika paNa gaNAya eTale A zodhita-vardhita AvRttimAM paNa parirUpa ne lekhanapaddhatinI pUrI ekavAkyatA sudhI javuM to zakya hatuM nahIM chatAM ahIM yathAzakya, ne jarUrI eTalI, ekavAkyatA sAdhavAnI mathAmaNa karI che. alabata, ema karavAmAM paNa, svAbhAvika rIte ja, ghaNI jahemata levAnI thaI che. pustakamAM lekhanapaddhatinI ekarUpatA mATe A mujabanAM saMmArjana, pheraphAro ahIM karI lIdhAM che : 1.1 'la/La'nA vikalpavALA zabdomAM, gujarAtImAM have rUDha thayelA 'La'ne jALavyo che. u.ta. madhyakALa, kumArapALa, sakaLa vagere; paraMtu kRtinAmomAM mULano 'la' jALavyo che. jemake 'kumArapAlaprabaMdha'. tatsama pratyayovALAM padomAM 'la' rUDha rahyo che eTale tyAM paNa ene jALavyo che : madhyakAlIna, tatkAlIna vagere. 1.2 dviruktone samAsa gaNIne enAM padone chUTAMchUTAM na lakhatAM ekazabdarUpa lakhyAM che. jemake, TheraThera', laIlaIne' vagere : 1.3 saMdarbhadarzaka noMdho te-te pAnA nIce nahIM, paNa prakaraNane aMte mukAyelI hovAthI 'pAdaTIpa'(phuTanoTsa) zabda rAkhyo nathI, ene badale saMdarbhanoMdha' zabda mUkyo che. e rIte, ejana'nuM paNa sarvatra 'e ja' evuM spaSTa artha-nirdezakarUpa mUkyuM che. 2 koI vizeSa saMdarbha jarUrI hoya e sivAyanAM sthAnomAM badhe saMvatane IsavI sanamAM pheravIne varSanirdezo karyAM che. alabatta, jyAM kRtinuM racanAvarSa vagere (enI paMktiono AdhAra laIne) tithi-vAra-mAsa-varSa(saMvata) - ema sarva vigato sAthe darzAvyAM hoya, ke evA bIjA nirNAyaka bananArA vigatanirdezo hoya tyAM tithi-mAsa sameta saMvata tathA IsavI sana baMne jALavyAM che. A sivAya badhe ja, saMvata ne IsavI sana sAthesAthe darzAvyAM hoya emAMthI IsavI sana ja jALavyA che. AMkaDAkIya bhrAntinI saMbhAvanAne TALanArI vizadatAnA saMdarbhe A pheraphAra upayogI jaNAyo che. graMthamAM badhe ja sadI-nirdezo to IsavI sana pramANe ja thayA che (jemake, I.nI 12mI sadI, vagere) - e jotAM paNa upara mujabanA pheraphAranI 6

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(=ekavAkyatAnI) upayuktatA samajI zakAze. 3 vigatonI zuddhi (kartAnAma/kRtinAma/phtatva/samaya AdinI zuddhi), A khaMDamAM, mukhyatve gujarAtI sAhityakoza: khaMDa:1(1989)ne sAme rAkhIne karI che. alabatta, kyAreka, jyAM baMne vigato zaMkAspada lAgI tyAM jaina gUrjara kavio" vagere bIjA saMdarbhonI madada laIne vigatazuddhi karI lIdhI che. AvI vigatazuddhio/vigatapheranI koI noMdha graMthamAM te-te sthAne (ke ahIM) karI nathI. abhyAsIo A zodhita-vardhita AvRttinI vigatone AjasudhInI yathAzakya pramANita vigato tarIke svIkArI ane mUlavI zakaze. 4. saMdarbhanoMdhomAM graMthanAmo iTAlika TAIpamAM karI lIdhAM che. 5. graMthAranI pahelI AvRtti(1976)nuM zodhana-vardhana temaja keTalIka punarvyavasthA A bIjI AvRttimAM nIce mujaba karelAM che : 5.1 graMtha 2 I.1450thI I.1850 sudhInA samagra madhyakAlIna sAhityanA itihAsane samAvato hovAthI svAbhAvika rIte ja enI pRSThasaMkhyA vadhAre hatI pAnAM 860). e kAraNe, graMtha daLadALa thayelo. A zodhita-vardhita AvRttimAM keTalAMka umeraNonI saMbhAvanA hovAthI pRSThasaMkhyA ethI paNa vadhavAnI hatI. eTale, graMthArane be khaMDomAM vaheMcI dIdho che. : graMtha :2, khaMDa-1 : I.1450thI I.1650 graMtha :2, khaMDa-2 : I.1650thI I.1850 e mujaba A graMtha:2 khaMDa-1mAM "akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA' sudhInAM prakAraNo samAvyAM che. samayadRSTie saMgati rahe e mATe, i.1750 sudhInA samayagALAne AvarI letuM prakaraNa jaina sAhitya-2' have pachInA khaMDa-2mAM samAvyuM 5.2 prathamavRttinuM prakaraNa 2 "madhyakALanA sAhityaprakAro' sAhityasvarUponA aitihAsika vikAsanI dRSTie kaMIka aparyApta hatuM ethI, enA lekhaka DaoN. caMdrakAnta mahetAnI saMmatithI, "madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo' nAmanA emanA pustaka ('madhyakALanA sAhityaprakAro' nAme 1954mAM pragaTa thayelA emanA ja pustakanI saMvardhita-saMmArjita AvRtti, I. 2007)no AdhAra laIne e prakaraNanuM ahIM saMvardhita saMpAdana karI lIdhuM che. 5.3 prakaraNa : 3 jaina sAhityamAM mukhyatve samayadarzI ne kyAMka anya vigatonuM paNa saMmArjana karavAnuM thayuM che. vaLI, keTalIka mahattvanI kRtiono paricaya lakhAvIne emAM umerI paNa lIdho che. 5.4 pahelI AvRttimAM, prakaraNa 5 "AdibhaktiyuganA kavio ane bhAlaNa'

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ema saMyukta rUpe hatuM ene saMgati mATe be prakaraNo rUpe alaga karI levAmAM AvyuM che. (bhAlaNanA sAhityakAryane eka svataMtra prakaraNano mobho maLe e jarUrI lAgyuM che.) vaLI, AdibhaktiyuganA kavionI AnupUrvI, emanA samayanA saMdarbhamAM badalI che. Ama karavAmAM dekhItI rIte ja, saMdarbhanirdezo AdinI punarvyavasthA paNa karavAnI thaI che. 5.5 akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitAmAM eka agatyanA kavi vastI vizvabhara vize lakhANa umerI lIdhuM che. sAhityanA itihAsanI A graMthazreNInI pahelI AvRttionA prakAzana pachI lagabhaga eka dAyake, gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade ja, gujarAtI sAhityakoza khaMDaH1 madhyakAlIna (1989)nuM prakAzana kareluM, jemAM te samaya sudhInA gujarAtI sAhitya aMgenA lagabhaga badhA ja ItihAsa-viSayaka graMtho-saMdarbhono upayoga ne enI saMzuddhi thayelAM hovAthI vigatonI dRSTie e adhikRta prakAzana hatuM. A bIjI AvRtti vakhate e kozagraMthano vigata cakAsaNI Adi mATe vAraMvAra upayoga karavAno thayo che. e mATe enA saMpAdakonuM RNa svIkAruM chuM. 6. graMthane aMte mUkelI saMdarbhagraMthasUcimAM, biblIogrAphInI hAla pracalita paddhati-anusAra, vigatakramanI ekavAkyatA nirdezatI, pheragoThavaNa karI lIdhI che. sAhityakozanA saMpAdanakAryano anubhava A kAmamAM paNa bahu upayogI nIvaDyo che. khAsa to paddhati aMgenI cokasAI ne zistanA saMdarbhamAM. A graMthonA parAmarzaka AdaraNIya cimanabhAInI, saMpAdana aMge keTalAka nirNayo levAnA thayA tyAM saMmati maLI che. A graMthonI prathama AvRtti vakhate, sahAyaka saMpAdaka tarIke emanI ghaNI sakriya bhUmikA rahelI. ethI, A bIjI AvRttimAM e parAmarzaka hoya e sarvathA ucita hatuM. emanAM sUcano bahu upayogI rahyAM che ane emaNe mane haMmezAM mokaLAza ApI che. A AvRttimAM, keTalIka vigata-cakAsaNI mATe, jaina sAhitya-1mAM kRtio vize lakhANo taiyAra karI ApavA mATe temaja zabdasUci mATe DaoN. rAjeza paMDyAno prasannatApUrvaka AbhAra mAnuM chuM. pariSade A saMpAdana soMpyuM ethI sAhityanA itihAsane navesarathI ne nikaTathI jovAthI taka maLI. pariSadano e mATe AbhArI chuM. vaDodarA, 15, jUna 2003 - ramaNa sonI

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prathama AvRttinuM nivedana gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsalekhananA aneka nAnAmoTA prayatno A pUrve thayA che, paraMtu cAra graMthomAM ane be hajAra jeTalAM pRSThomAM, vividha vidvAnonA sahakArathI, gujarAtI sAhityano bRhad itihAsa AlekhavAno prayAsa A prathama vAra ja thAya che. gujarAtI sAhityanA vikAsanAM je be spaSTa sthityaMtaro che ene lakSamAM rAkhIne A itihAsalekhana hAtha dharAyuM che. pahelA sthityaMtarane be graMthomAM vaheMcI nAkhyuM che. : pahelA graMthamAM gujarAtanI bhaugolika ane rAjakIya-sAMskRtika bhUmikA, gujarAtI bhASAno vikAsa ane sAhityika pUrvaparaMparA eTaluM samAvatAM I.1150thI I.1450 sudhInA gujarAtI sAhityanA madhyakALane AvarI levAmAM Avyo che. enA bIjA sthityaMtarane paNa e ja rIte be graMthomAM vaheMcyuM che. trIjA graMthamAM kalApI sudhInA ane cothA graMthamAM jhaveracaMda meghANI sudhInA arvAcIna kALano samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. A rIte, prAcIna, madhyakAlIna ane arvAcIna gujarAtI sAhityano A bRhad itihAsa emAMnI mAhitI ane mAvajatathI ApaNI vaNapurAyelI jarUriyAtane saMtoSaze evI AzA che. A itihAsalekhana ApaNA bhinnabhinna vidvAna lekhako dvArA thayuM che. eTale, eka kalame lakhAtA saLaMga itihAsalekhana karatAM A prayatna svAbhAvika rIte ja judo paDavAno. alabatta, saMpAdana dvArA emAM zakya eTalI ekavAkyatA sAdhavAno prayAsa karavAmAM Avyo che. vAcakanI sahAyathI manobhAvanI ekavAkyatA jaLavAze evI zraddhA paNa che. tema chatAM, sarvatra e jaLavAya e apekSA saMpUrNapaNe saMtoSI 9

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na paNa zakAya. paNa emAM vyakta thayela vividha dRSTikoNo ane abhirucio paNa eka AnuSaMgika lAbha ja che. A kAryane nyAya ApI zake evA lagabhaga badhA uttama vivecakono sahakAra gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade prArthelo che. amane jaNAvatA AnaMda thAya che ke ApaNA vidvAnoe A kAryamAM amane umaMgabhera sahakAra Apyo che. e sarva vidvAnono pariSada taraphathI hRdayapUrvaka AbhAra mAnIe chIe. sAhityano ItihAsa Alekhavo e eka sAhasa che. jIvaMta lekhakonI manaHsRSTino pAra pAmavo e ja jo dohyaluM kAma hoya to jeo hayAta nathI emane vize mAhitI tAravavI ane anumAno sAravavAM e to kharekharuM kaparuM kAma che. pariNAme, sarjanane sAmAjika saMdarbhamAM mUkI ApIne samagra prajAnA jIvanamAM tenA, AcAryazrI AnaMdazaMkara dhruvakathita, "vADmaya caitanyanA AvirbhAvano Alekha ApIne kRtArthatA anubhavavI rahe che. sAhityanA itihAse kartA ane katinI mUlavaNInuM vivecanakArya paNa karavAnuM rahe che. aneka lekhakono sahakAra meLavIne sAhityano ItihAsa taiyAra karavAno hoya tyAre eno vivecanaaMza vizeSapaNe ekadhAro keTalo UpasI Ave e jovAnuM rahe. bAkI jhAjhA hAthe taiyAra thayelo itihAsa tattvataH varNanAtmaka rahevAno. A kAryamAM pariSadane preravA mATe sau prathama AbhAra gujarAta rAjyanA e samayanA mukhya maMtrIzrI sva. baLavaMtarAya mahetAno mAnavAno rahe che. pariSadanA kAryavAhakono sAmethI saMparka sAdhIne emaNe karavA jevAM kAmonI ane kAma upADI zake evI saMsthAonI TIpa mAgelI ane dharakhama Arthika sahAyanuM vacana paNa ApeluM. e pramANe aneka saMsthAo pAsethI emaNe sUcano paNa mAgelAM, gujarAtI sAhityanA bRhad itihAsanuM A kArya emanA protsAhananuM ja eka phaLa che. sAmAnya vahIvaTa vibhAganA tA. 7-10-196 7nA sarakArI TharAva naM. paraca 106 6-6797-Ara-thI gujarAta sarakAre cothI paMcavarSIya yojanA heThaLanI yojanA naM. 503 anusAra vidhisara A kArya pariSadane soMpyuM hatuM. A sthAne ame sva. baLavaMtarAya mahetAnI sAhityasaMskAra-prItinuM kRtajJatApUrvaka smaraNa karIe chIe ane gujarAta sarakArano mAtabAra Arthika anudAna 10

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mATe AbhAra mAnIe chIe. sarakArazrInI A anudAnayojanA mujaba gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanI e samayanI kAryavAhaka samitie enI tA. 14-1167nI beThakamAM sAhityanA itihAsalekhana aMge mArgadarzana ApavA nIcenA vidvAna sabhyonI niyukti karI hatI : zrI viSNuprasAda trivedI zrI rasikalAla parIkha zrI jyotIndra dave zrI umAzaMkara jozI zrI DolararAya mAMkaDa zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLa zrI yazavaMta zukla zrI rAmaprasAda bakSI zrI bhogIlAla sAMDesarA zrI manasukhalAla jhaverI zrI kezavarAma zAstrI zrI harivallabha bhAyANI A samitie prathama zrI umAzaMkara jozI ane zrI yazavaMta zuklanI mukhya saMpAdako tarIke niyukti karI hatI ane pAchaLathI zrI anaMtarAya rAvaLanI sevAo paNa saMpAdanakArya mATe mAgI lIdhI hatI. salAhakAra samitie vakhatovakhata carcAvicAraNA karIne A yojanA heThaLa cAra graMthomAM gujarAtI sAhityano bRhad itihAsa taiyAra karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. hatuM. uparAMta, pratyeka graMthanI rUparekhA taiyAra karIne judAjudA vidvAnone A kArya mATe nimaMtraNa ApavAnuM TharAvyuM hatuM. e mujaba ApaNA vidvAna abhyAsIone gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsanAM judAMjudAM prakaraNo ke enA aMzo taiyAra karI ApavAnI vinaMtI karavAmAM AvI hatI. salAhakAra samitinA mArgadarzana mujaba taiyA2 thayelI yojanAno A prathama graMtha Aje pragaTa thAya che. bAkInA graMtho paNa taiyAra thaI rahyA che. bIjo graMtha TUMka samayamAM ja presamAM jaze. trIjo ane cotho graMtha paNa A varSa daramyAna presamAM ApI zakAya e mATe taiyAra cAlI rahI che. gujarAta rAjyanA bhASAniyAmaka zrI hasitabhAI bUce ane nAyaba bhASAniyAmaka zrI IzvaraprasAda joSIpurAe tathA emanI kacerIe amane vakhatovakhata mArgadarzana ane sahakAra ApIne amAruM 11

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kAma saraLa banAvyuM che e mATe ame emano hRdayapUrvaka AbhAra mAnIe chIe. sva. jayaMtI dalAle temaja gujarAta rAjyanA e samayanA nANAmaMtrI zrI jazavaMta mahetAe saMskAraprItine vaza thaI A kAryane AgaLa dhapAvavAmAM puSkaLa aMgata rasa lIdho hato e mATe emanA tathA prAraMbhika sahAya mATe AcAryazrI vinoda adhvaryunA ame RNI chIe. caMdrikA prinTarInA saMcAlakoe A graMthanA chApakAma aMge karI ApelI suvidhA mATe emanA paNa ame AbhArI chIe. | gujarAtanI sAhityarasika prajAne A itihAsagraMtho upayogI lAgaze to gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada kRtArthatA anubhavaze. umAzaMkara jozI anaMtarAya rAvaLa yazavaMta zukla saMpAdako amadAvAda; 28, phebruArI 1973 12

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1 ra 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 bhUmikA madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo jainasAhitya-1 narasiMha mahetA AdibhaktiyuganA kavio anukrama bhAlaNa prabaMdha ane padmanAbha phAgusAhitya mIrAM akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavio 11 akho 12 akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA saMdabhagraMrthasUci zabdasUci . . 13 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA caMdrakAnta mahetA ramaNalAla cI. zAha umAzaMkara jozI kezavarAma kA. zAstrI kezavarAma kA. zAstrI kAntilAla vyAsa kAntilAla vyAsa niraMjana bhagata subhASa dave umAzaMkara jozI bhUpendra trivedI n 1 16 64 104 198 228 252 276 309 365 381 432 453 461

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha 2 khaMDa : 1 15

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1 bhUmikA bhogIlAla sAMDesarA I. 1450 thI 1850 sudhIno Azare cAra zatAbdIno kAlakhaMDa e vAstavika arthamAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityano yuga che. narasiMha pUrvenA sAhityane prAcIna gujarAtI ke mArugurjara sAhitya kahI zakAya. enIye pahelAM uttarakAlIna apabhraMza tathA apabhraMza aitihAsika pUrvakramamAM rahelAM che. prathama uttara bhArata upara ane pachI bAkInA bhArata upara turko ane muslima dharma pALatA paradezIono vijaya thayo tyAre UbhA thayelA dhArmika-sAmAjika anekavidha navA praznonA saMdarbhamAM bhAratIya mAnasane ane bhAratIya saMskAritAnA eka navA ja yugane abhivyakita ApavAnuM kArya bhAratIya bhASAoe navesarathI upADI lIdhuM. lokapracalita kathya bhASAoe tatkAlIna samAjanI vyAvahArika jarUriyAto pUrI pADavAnI hatI te sAthe dezanI aMdara ja dezanI saMskAritA mATe laData calAvavAnI hatI. bhAratIya jIvana enA jUnA cIlAomAM ja cAlatuM rahyuM hota to saMbhava che ke navya bhAratIya bhASAonAM sAhityano janma ane vikAsa ekAda-be zatAbdI jeTalo moDo thayo hota. bhAratIya vicApravAhanA nAyakoe potAnA pUrvajonA ucca sAMskArika ane AdhyAtmika vicArono AmavargamAM pracAra karavA mATe lokabhASAonuM mAdhyama svIkAryuM, hinduonA tAttvika ekezvaravAdano temaNe AdhAra lIdho ane muslimonA nirguNa ekezvaravAda sAthe eno svAbhAvika samanvaya sAdhavA prayatna karyo. A prayatnonuM vAhana mukhyatve navya bhAratIya bhASAo banI. prAdezika sAhityono A rIte vikAsa thatAM vibhinna pradezonA vyakitatvanA vikAsane vega maLyo. sAMskArika ane bhASAkIya pradezanA ghaDatarane rAjakIya ekamanI ghaTanA dvArA paNa uttejana maLyuM. pradezanA ghaDataramAM bIjAM tattvo sAthe vAhana-vyavahAranAM sAdhano-mArgonuMye viziSTa mahattva che. jemake gujarAtanA svabhAva-ghaDataramAM enA lAMbA samudrakinArAo ane videzI vepAre agatyano bhAga bhajavyo che, tema prathama pATaNamAM ane pachI amadAvAdamAM svataMtra gujarAtI saltanatanI

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2 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 sthApanAe tathA enI sthira thayelI ddaDhatAe mAravADa ane gujarAtanI prAyaH samAna bhASAne - jemAM bolIbhedo haze ja - gujarAta ane mAravADanI be svataMtra bhASAo rUpe vikasavAno avakAza Apyo. IsavIsananI paMdaramI sadInA AraMbhamAM amadAvAdanI sthApanAnI ghaTanA narasiMha mahetAnA vRddhamAnya kavanakALathI thoDAka dazakA jeTalI ja jUnI che. pUrvakALanA ane ApaNA abhyAsaviSaya kAlakhaMDanA sAhityanAM preraka baLo bahudhA samAna hatAM. AcArya hemacandranA apabhraMza vyAkaraNamAM uddhRta thayelA premazaurya ane sAmAnya upadezanA duhAonuM sAtatya arvAcIna kALa sudhI raheluM che e saurASTra ane rAjasthAnanA aitihAsika jIvana ane lokasAhitya uparathI jaNAya che. saMskRtano subhASitachaMda jema anuSTupa tema apabhraMza ane gujarAtI-rAjasthAnIno subhASitachaMda duho. duhA viSe koI vidagdha kahelo eka jUno gujarAtI duho che - dUho tihAM kahIjai, jihAM hohi loka sujANa; adhUrai pUrau karai, pUraI karai vakhANa. paMdaramA saikA pachInA gujarAtI hastalikhita sAhityamAM subhASitonA-- prAstAvika duhAnA aneka samRddha saMgraho maLe che, jemAMnA keTalAka sva. cimanalAla dalAle, zrI madhusUdana modIe, ane A lekhake chapAvyA che. A sivAya jUnI padyavAratAo ane AkhyAnomAM, rAsA AdimAM duhA ane anyachaMdomAM racAyelAM puSkaLa subhASito-muktako utkRta thayelAM che, jeno 'subhASitaratnabhAMDAgAra' jevo moTo saMgraha saMkalita thaI zake. ziSTa sAhityano lokasAhitya sAtheno pratyakSa saMparka ane samanvaya ahIM joI zakAya che ane madhyakAlIna sAhityanA aneka prakAromAM lokasAhityano prabhAva vividha rIte ane vividha koTie varatAya che. prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM dharma e prAbhAvika preraka baLa hatuM, kema ke jIvananAM aneka aMgo dharmaraMge raMgAyelAM hatAM. emAM vyApaka arthamAM dharmajIvana uparAMta AryadharmanA vividha saMpradAyono samAveza thAya che. pahelAM jaina dharma laIe, kema ke narasiMha pUrvenuM upalabdha sAhitya prAyaH jaina sAhitya che. enuM kAraNa e nathI ke jainetara sAhitya racAyuM ja nahi hoya; ema hovuM zakya ke saMbhavita nathI. paNa jaina-granthabhaMDAronI sAmAjika saMgopanapaddhatine kA2Ne jaina sAhitya vyavasthita rIte sacavAyuM eTalo ja eno artha che. jainetarakRta je thoDuMka sAhitya maLe che te paNa jaina bhaMDAromAM sacavAyuM che te hakIkata A vidhAnanuM eka pramANa che. paMdaramA saikA pachInA kAlakhaMDamAM jaina sAhitya vipula pramANamAM maLe che; jaineta2 sAhitya paNa arvAktana samayamAM AvatA jaIe tema tema sAruM sacavAyeluM

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bhUmikA 3 che. ethI parasparathI keTaleka aMze saMpUkta chatAM hRgabhaga samAntara vahelA A baMne pravAhonA tulanAtmaka abhyAsa mATe paNa paryApta avakAza rahe che. bhAgavata-vaiSNava dharmano vikAsa ane pracAra zatAbdIo pUrvethI lagabhaga samagra bhAratamAM hato, ane tenA prabhAvamAMthI gujarAta mukta rahI zake nahi. caulukyayugathI mAMDI gujarAtanuM saMskRta, prAkRta ane lokabhASAnuM sAhitya (jemAM hemacanTe uddhata karelA rAdhAkRSNa viSenA duhAno paNa samAveza thAya che) e vAtanA pramANarUpa che. narasiMha-mIrAMnI utkaTa bhakitajvALAno udbhava kaMI Akasmika nahoto, paNa dezabharamAM pravartamAna prabaLa bhakita-AMdolanano aMza hoI viziSTa pratibhAvAna vyakitao dvArA abhivyakita pAmyo hato. paNa puSTimArganA sthApaka vallabhAcAryanA Agamana pachI gujarAtanA dhArmika jIvanamAM zAnta parivartana AvyuM. jene dharmanI anuyAyI aneka vaNika jJAtio vaiSNava banI. ahiMsA, tapa ane dAnadharmanI AryadharmasaMmata pUrvaparaMparAno svIkAra karI, vallabhAcArye emAM sevAno AnaMda ane utsavono ullAsa umerIne prajAjIvanane sAcA arthamAM navapallavatA arpa, bhakitamArgano mahAyAna sarva prakAranA adhikArIo mATe cAlu karyo. madhyakALanA arnAktara cheDe vidyamAna svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA sthApaka sahajAnaMde ene AcArazuddhi ane sAttvikatAno puTa Apyo. bhakitamArganA AzrayathI ane bhaktijJAnanA upAsaka, Ama janatAnI vacce rahenArA saMtabhaktonA sarala AcAra ane sAdI paNa maramI vANInA prabhAvathI sAmAjika jIvananA AtaMkone hindu samAja kiMIka svastha rIte pacAvI zakyo. zrImad bhAgavata Ama to purANagrantha hovA chatAM madhyakAlIna sAhityanA eka paribaLa rUpa banyo hato. smArta dharma, purANokta dharma, zivapUjA ane zaktipUjA uparAMta atiprAcIna kALathI cAlyA AvatA lokadharmo samAjamAM pracalita hatA. rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata uparAMta purANo Adine AdhAre vividha prakAromAM racAyeluM sAhitya AthI madhyakALamAM che; zAkta saMpradAyanuM sAhitya paNa che. lokadharmone bAda karatAM uparyukta sarva saMpradAyomAM gujarAtI uparAMta ochAvattA pramANamAM saMskRta ane prAkRtamAM paNa sAhitya racAyuM che. AthI A samayanA gujarAtI sAhityano vicAra samagra dhArmikasAmAjika jIvana ane sAhityapravRttinA saMdarbhamAM karavo joIe. prAcIna bhAratamAM upaniSadaprokta sarvAtmabhAvamAMthI udbhavelo ekezvaravAda ane nirguNavAda hato ane uparaTapake dekhAto bahudevavAdano AbhAsa vastutaH ekezvaravAdane dRDha karavA mATe hato. paNa uttara bhAratanA turkI vijaya pachI muslima ekezvaravAda ane nirAkAra IzvaranI upAsanAe samanvayAtmaka zraddhAne adako vega

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4 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 Apyo ane saMta-praNAlInA uddabhava ane vikAsanI bhUmikA taiyAra thaI. madhyakAlIna rahasyavAdanuM emAM mizraNa ane rasAyaNa thayuM. gujarAtamAM paNa enI asara svAbhAvika rIte thaI. nAtha yogIonI maramI vANI, sUphIonI mastI ane vaiSNavonI premalakSaNA bhakita ane anubhavano AtmavizvAsa e badhuM e saMtavANImAM saMbhaLAya che; (emAMnI keTalIka graMthastha thaI che ane ghaNI nathI thaI.) mArgI bAvAonAM, turI jogI phakIranAM bhajanomAM paNa saMbhaLAya che. jJAnamArgI kAvyadhArAno vicAra paNa A sAthe jAya, jemAM eka bAju vedAntano upadeza ApatI svataMtra ke anUdita kRtio che, to bIjI bAju vasto, buTiyo, gopALa, dhanarAja, akho AdinI AdhyAtmika anubhavanA paripAka samI kRtio che. yogI AnaMdaghanajI ane mahApaMDita yazovijayajI jevA jaina kavionI kRtio paNa A bIjI koTimAM Ave. A saMtavANIne tathA bhakitasaMpradAyane UrmiprANita padaprakAra anukULa Avyo. aMdAje hajAro pado racAyAM haze. emAM jJAna ane upadezanAM pado paNa che. AkhyAno ke padyavAratAomAM ghanIbhUta banatI UrminI abhivyakti mATe athavA vRttAMtakathanamAM vacce vacce virAma mATe paNa pado mukAya che. AkhyAna rUpamAM racAyelI 'akhegItA jevI tattvajJAnaviSayaka kRtiomAM paNa vacce vacce pado Ave che. padaprakAranAM zikharo mukhyatve narasiMha, mIrAM, rAje, dayArAma, premAnaMdasakhI AdimAM sara thayAM che. AkhyAna e kathAtmaka kavitA rajU kare che. e dRSTie A ja prakAranI kavitA rajU karatA jUnA sAhityaprakAra "rAsa" athavA "rAso' sAthe ene gADha saMbaMdha che. athavA ema kahI zakAya ke AkhyAna' ane "rAsa' e vAstavika rIte jotAM eka ja prakAra che, ane te jainetara paraMparAmAM mukhyatve 'AkhyAnatarIke, ane jaina paraMparAmAM rAsa' tarIke oLakhAyo. nAkara ane viSNudAsa jevA prasiddha jainetara AkhyAnakAroe anukrame potAnAM "naLAkhyAna' ane "rakamAMgadapurI" e AkhyAno mATe 'rAsa' zabda prayojayo che ane bhAlaNe paNa "dazamaskanDamAM e arthamAM rAsa'no prayoga karyo che. jUnI gujarAtImAM rAsa' ane "AkhyAna' e baMneya sAmAnya rIte dharmakathAne ane keTalIkavAra aitihAsika vastune (alabatta, ghaNuM kharuM to enA kalpanAmizrita svarUpamAM) kAvyaviSaya banAve che. jaina rAsAo upAzrayomAM athavA zrAvakonA gharamAM nAnA zrotAvarga AgaLa gavAtA hatA, jyAre AkhyAnonuM kathako athavA mANabhaTro dvArA jAhera sthaLomAM moTI medanI samakSa gAna thatuM hatuM. baMne prakAramAM vastu ane sAhityika prayojana' ("moTipha') dhArmika hatAM, topaNa rAsa haMmezAM upAzrayanA vAtAvaraNamAM rahyo ane upadezAtmaka tattvamAMthI mukta thaI zakyo nahi, jyAre AkhyAna vibhinna ruci ane rasavRttivALI medanI samakSa gavAtuM hoI tenA

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bhUmikA 5 raciyatAoe upadezanA tattva nIce raMjana cepAI jAya nahi enI satata kALajI rAkhI. saMskRta prAkRtAda nahi jANanAra janasamAjane manoraMjaka rIte dharmakathAo saMbhaLAvavAnI vRttimAMthI janmelA A sAhityaprakAranAM prastuta be nAmo saheja vibhinna svarUpe thayelo vikAsa mAtra darzAve che. rAsa ane AkhyAnanA saMbaMdhano vicAra karatAM rAsa ane prabandhanuM svAbhAvika smaraNa thAya che. sAdA saMskRta gadyamAM ane kavacit padyamAM racAyelAM aitihAsika ke ardha-aitihAsika kathAnakone madhyakAlIna saMskRta sAhityamAM prabandha' kahe che. paNa jUnA gujarAtI sAhityamAM to rAsa jevI ja kathApradhAna racanAone 'prabandha' nAma apAyeluM jovAmAM Ave che, jema ke 'vimalaprabandha', 'kAnhaDadeprabandha', 'hammIprabandha' Adi. alabatta, A rIte jemane prabandha' nAma apAyuM che evI racanAo koI aitihAsika vastu paratve hoya che eTaluM pelA saMskRta prabandho sAthe enuM sAmya kharuM. joke emAMye vimalaprabandha' ane 'kAnhaDadeprabandha'ne keTalIka hastapratonI pustikAomAM 'rAsa' kahyA che. bIjI bAju, vastupAla-tejapAlarAsa', 'samarArAsa', pethaDarAsa', 'kumArapAlarAsa' ane evI aitihAsika vyakita ke vRttAnto paratve racAyelI kRtione prabandha' kahevAmAM AvI nathI. mAtrAmeLa chaMdomAM racAyelI aitihAsika kRtio prabandha' kahevAya ane dezImAM racAyelI 'rAsa' kahevAya evI eka mAnyatA che, paNa te sAdhAra nathI, kema ke dezIbaddha rAsonI jema mAtrAmeLa chaMdomAM racAyelA rAso paNa moTI saMkhyAmAM maLe che. A uparathI spaSTa thaze ke gujarAtImAM rAsa ane prabandha vaccenI bhedarekhA bahu spaSTa nathI. balake, baMnene alaga sAhityaprakAro tarIke varNavavA e paNa vadhAre paDatuM che. e ja rIte dezIbaddha racanAne AkhyAnanuM eka vyAvartaka lakSaNa gaNavAmAM Ave che, te paNa AkhyAnanA prAraMbhika yuga mATe badhI rIte sAcuM gaNI zakAya nahi. vIrasiMhakRta uSAharaNa', (IM.1464 AsapAsa), karmaNakRta 'sItAharaNa' (I.1470, AsapAsa), mAMDaNakRta 'rAmAyaNa' ane 'rukamAMgadakathA' (I.no16mo saiko) Adi AkhyAno copAI Adi mAtrAmeLa chaMdomAM racAyelAM che. jaina rAsA ane jainetara AkhyAnanI samAna racanAparaMparAnI ApaNe hamaNAM vAta karI te ahIM prayogamAM spaSTa dekhAya che. A prakAranI racanAomAM vacce vacce pado mUkavAnI paraMparA paNa baMnemAM samAna che. A to mukhyatve svarUpanI vAta thaI. rAsa ane AkhyAna e jUnA gujarAtI sAhityano sauthI lokapriya sAhityaprakAra che. janasamUhanuM enA jevuM ane jeTaluM samArAdhana bIjA koI prakAre karyuM nathI. rAsa athavA AkhyAna tarIke oLakhAvI

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6 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 zakAya evI seMkaDo kRtio upalabdha che. rAsa-AkhyAna sAthe jenI tulanA karI zakAya evo bIjo sAhityaprakAra kathA athavA padya-vAratA che. enA mULamAM lokavArtA che, paNa enuM sAhityika rUpa AnaMdalakSI kathAnuM che. prAcIna bhAratIya sAhityamAM kathAnuM AnaMdalakSI rUpa paizAcI prAkRtamAM racAyelI, guNADhyakRta lupta "bRhatkathAmAM (tathA "kathAsaritsAgara, bRhatkathAmaMjarI' Adi enAM saMskRta rUpAntaromAM), dhArmika rUpa pAli "jAtakamAM ane "bRhatkathA'nA jaina dharmakathA lekhe thayelA rUpAntara "vasudeva-hiMDImAM tathA nItizAstralakSI vyAvahArika rUpa paMcataMtramAM jaNAya che. e kathAono vAraso vividha pheraphAro ane parivRddhi sAthe prAkRta ane apabhraMza dvArA gujarAtImAM Avyo che, ane prAcIna kALathI mAMDI ogaNIsamA saikA sudhI e kathAo sAmAnyataH padyamAM temaja keTalIka vAra gadyamAMye maLe che. ghaNIvAra e jUnI kathAnuM navasaMskaraNa hoya che, to prasaMgopAtta saMskRta kathAnuM ke kathAgranthanuM gadya bhASAntara ke rUpAntara hoya che. udAharaNa tarIke, "kAdaMbarI', paMcataMtra', "bilDaNakathA', dhUryAkhyAna', AdinAM AvAM padya ke gadyamAM thayelAM bhASAntara-rUpAntaro che. emAM paNa padyaracanAnI dRSTie joIe to, mAtrAmeLa chaMdomAM tema ja dezIomAM ema baMne rIte racAyelI padya vAratAo maLe che. AnaMdalakSI kathAono sauthI moTo lekhaka zAmaLa che. joke enI pachI TheTha arvAcIna kALanA sImADA sudhI evI racanAonI paraMparA cAlu rahelI che. emAM kaMIka apavAdarUpa gaNI zakAya evI jaina kavioe racelI padyavAratAo che. alabatta, emAMye vacce vacce AvatA dharmopadeza ane chelle nAyaka-nAyikA dIkSA le evI ghaTanAo sivAya badhuM AnaMdalakSI che. arthAta jaina kathAlekhako ane kavioe dharmopadeza arthe janamanaraMjananuM A sAdhana svIkAryuM hatuM. TheTha pAMcamA saikA AsapAsa "vasudeva-hiMDInA kartA saMghadAsagaNi kahe che ke "kAmakathAmAM rakta janone zRMgArakathAnA vyapadezathI dharma ja kahuM chuM - ane AgaLa umere che ke, vidvajjanonA hRdayamAM nikSipta thayelI kAmakathA paNa pariNAmavazAt dharmakathA sAthe saMyojita thAya che.' pada, AkhyAna, rAsa, vAratA AdinI jema phAgu paNa jUnA gujarAtI sAhityano eka mukhya prakAra che. enuM nAma ja sUcave che tema (saMskRta h], prAkRta - phagga = 'vasaMta') e vasaMtavarNanano prakAra hoI mAnavabhAva ane prakRtinuM samanvita subhaga Alekhana e enI eka viziSTatA che. gujarAtI bhASAnA TheTha AraMbhakALathI ogaNIsamA saikA sudhI racAyelA phAgunA puSkaLa namUnA maLe che; vastu, nirUpaNa, chaMdoracanA AdinI daSTie A sAhityaprakAre sAdhelA vikAsano aitihAsika temaja nirapekSa dRSTie abhyAsa karavA mATe pUratI sAmagrI emAMthI prApta thAya che. jenetara

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bhUmikA 7 phAguo mAtra daseka maLyA che, jyAre upalabdha jaina phAguonI saMkhyA aMdAje so uparanI haze. (saMskRtamAM paNa jayadevanI aSTapadIonI jema geya chaMdomAM racAyelA thoDAka jaina phAguo maLyA che eno ullekha ahIM karavo joIe). tulanA uparathI eTaluM spaSTa che ke vasaMtavarNananuM eka ja mULa sAhityasvarUpa baMneya paraMparAmAM saheja prakArAntare vikasyuM che. vasaMtavarNana uparAMta vasaMtakIDA e phAguno viSaya che, ane zRMgAranA baMne prakAro-vipralaMbha ane saMbhoga-nuM emAM nirUpaNa hoya che. prAcInatara apabhraMzamAM ApaNane rAsu vagere prakAronA namUnA maLe che tema phAgunA maLatA nathI, ane tethI sAhityaprakAra lekhe phAgunuM mULa cokkasarUpe samajavAnAM sAdhano nathI. paNa saMskRta sAhityanAM RtuvarNananAM kAvyo sAthe enI tulanA karI zakAya. jUnA gujarAtI pragaTa-apragaTa phAguomAMthI meM ekatra karelAM avataraNo batAve che ke phAgu e jAheramAM vividha rIte nRtyAdi sAthe gavAto prakAra hato-ochAmAM ochuM enA prAcInatara svarUpamAM to hato. mRtyakAvya ke geyarUpakane kaMIka maLato e prakAra haze ane lokasAhityamAMthI ziSTa sAhityamAM svIkArAyo haze. alabatta, jema jema A prakAra potAnA mULa svarUpathI dUra jato gayo ane ziSTasAhityanA eka prakAra lekhe ja vikasato athavA kaho ke palaTAto gayo tema tema enA jAheramAM prayoganI zakayatA ochI thatI gaI. (phAgu e jAheramAM ke nidAna samudAyamAM gAvAno prakAra hato enI nizAnIo enI chaMdoracanAmAM paNa che. duhA ke roLA jevA mAtrAmeLa chaMdonA prAraMbhamAM, chaMdano kharekhara aMza nahi evAM "ahe, "aha" ke "are jevAM laTakaNiyAM mukAyAM che te jAheramAM e chaMdo lalakAravAnI anukULatA mATe haze). pAchaLanA samayamAM phAgumAM keTalIka ekavidhatA AvI gaI. evA paNa phAguo racAyA che, jemane nAma mAtra phAgu gaNI zakAya. paNa ekaMdare jotAM caudamA zatakathI mAMDI keTalAka saikA sudhI mAnavabhAvo sAthe prakRtinuM gAna gAtI, zRMgAra sAthe tyAga ane vairAgyanA taraMgo uchALatI kavitA A sAhityaprakAre ApI che. AkhyAna ke rAsA karatAM AnuM svarUpa TUMkuM che, paNa 'vasaMtavilAsa', "cupaIphAgu' ke 'virahadaisAuri phAgu' jevI kRtio bAda karatAM moTe bhAge emAM kaMIka ItivRtta AvatuM hoI horI ke dhamAra jevAM vasaMtakhelanAM TUMkA pado karatAM emAM vaividhyane vizeSa avakAza rahyo che. "par3aRtuvirahavarNana' (dayArAma) jevAM tuvarNananAM kAvyo, bAramAsIo, tithivAranAM kAvyone paNa ahIM yAda karavAM joIe. bIjA keTalAka gauNa padyAtmaka sAhityaprakAro jUnA gujarAtI sAhityamAM che, paNa e sarveno nirdeza A prAstAvika lekhamAM Avazyaka nathI. jUnA gujarAtI sAhityamAM gadyalakhANo virala ke aNachatAM hatAM evo sAmAnya

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 khyAla pravarte che, paNa jUnA sAhityanI zodha thatI jAya che tema tema e khyAla badalAto jAya che. caudamA saikAthI mAMDI jUnI gujarAtImAM gadyasAhitya maLe che ane enuM vaipulya uttarottara vadhatuM jAya che. arvAcIna kALamAM gadya ghaNAbadhA sAhityaprakAronuM vAhana banyuM che evuM joke e samayamAM nahotuM. gadyanuM prayogakSetra sImita hatuM, to paNa e sImita kSetramAMye gadyanAM thoDAMka alaga alaga rUpo maLe che. saMskRta ke prAkRta ke vrajabhASAnA graMthonA ke kavacit pArasI dharmagraMthonA anuvAda ke TIkArUpa bAlAvabodho ane TabAo; akSaranA rUpanA mAtrAnA ane layanA baMdhanathI mukta chatAM padyamAM levAtI badhI chUTa bhogavatA prAsayukta gadya 'bolI'mAM racAyela 'pRthvIcaMdracaritra' ane 'sabhAzRMgAra' jevA varNakasaMgraho; ajJAtakartRka 'kAlakAcArya kathA' jevI, kacit alaMkArapracura ane kavacit sahelA rasaLatA gadyamAM racAyelI kathAo ane 'kAdaMbarI kathAnaka' jevA kathAsaMkSepo; darzanika carcAo, vAdavivAdo, ane praznottarIo; auktika' tarIke oLakhAtA, gujarAtI dvArA saMskRta zIkhavA mATenA saMkhyAbaMdha vyAkaraNagraMtho (emAM nAnakaDo gujarAtI-saMskRta zabdakoza paNa hoya che) -jemAM saMgrAmasiMhakRta 'bAlazikSA' ane kulamaMDanagaNikRta 'mugdhAvabodha auktika' jevAM bhASAnA itihAsanAM sImAcihnono samAveza thAya che-- svAminArAyaNanAM 'vacanAmRto'nuM pravacanazailInuM vizada ane pravAhI gadya : e jUnA gujarAtI gadyasAhityanAM prApta vividha rUpo che. atyAre upalabdha thatuM jUnuM gadya eTaluM vipula che ke enuM prakAzana karavAmAM Ave to 'bRhatkAvyadohana'nA suprasiddha graMtho jevA ochAmAM ochA so graMtho to saheje bharAya. joke judA judA prAcIna graMthabhaMDAro ane saMgrahomAM je gadyasAhitya mArA jovAmAM AvyuM che te vicAratAM lAge che ke A vidhAnamAM saMbhava atyuktino nahi paNa alpoktino che. madhyakALanuM sAhitya bahudhA dharmapradhAna ke dharmamUlaka che. sauthI viSama samayamAMye samAjaza2I2mAM dharmanI nADImAM cetana hoI sAhityanuM te agatyanuM preraka baLa hatuM. eTale sAhityamAM dharmanI pradhAnatA hoya e svAbhAvika che. paNa eka premAnaMdanA pUjya apavAda sivAya' badhuM madhyakAlIna sAhitya kevaLa dharmaraMgyuM ke mRtyunI payagaMbarI ka2nA2 hatuM ema kahevuM vAstavika hakIkatothI vegaLuM che. jIvanarasa-prema ane viraha, zaurya ane parAkrama, harSa ane zoka-nuM gAna koI paNa samAjamAM ane koI paNa prajAnA sAhityamAM na hoya e bane ja zI rIte ? vasaMtavilAsa' ane e prakAranA anya phAguo, vRttabaddha zRMgArakAvyo-mAdhavakRta 'rUpasundara kathA' ane ajJAtakartRka 'phulAMcaritra', narbudAcAryakRta 'kokazAstra catuSpadI' tathA kAmazAstraviSayaka gadyapadyAtmaka kRtio, 'bilhaNapaMcAzikA'nA gadyamAM ane padyamAM anuvAdo tathA 8

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bhUmikA 9 'bilDaNapaMcAzikAmAMthI preraNA pAmI svataMtra rIte racAyelI zazikalA copAI', mayaNachaMda ane "amRtakacolAM jevI zRMgArapradhAna kRtio, "gItagovindanA tathA vAbhadAlaMkAra ane vidagdhamukhamaMDana' jevA alaMkAragraMthonA gadyAnuvAdo, "kAdaMbarI' no AkhyAnarUpa ane gadyAtmaka saMkSepa, ramaNalla chaMda ane "kAnhaDade prabaMdha' jevAM vIrarasapradhAna aitihAsika kAvyo, "paMcAkhyAna' ke paMcataMtra'nA padya ane gadyamAM sArasaMgraho ke anuvAdo, zAmaLanI padyavAratAo tathA enA aneka purogAmIonI e prakAranI bahusaMkhya racanAo, "ratnaparIkSAane 'gaNitasAra' jevI kRtioAvAM bIjAM aneka udAharaNo ApI zakAya. paNa sthAlIpulAkanyAye uparyukta vidhAnanA samarthanamAM ATalAM basa thaze ema mAnuM chuM. bhavAInI saMkalanA caudamA saikAmAM asAIte karI hatI, paNa bhavAInA navA navA vezo TheTha arvAcIna kALa sudhI racAtA ane bhajavAtA rahyA che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtanI graMthastha citrakalAno vicAra A sAthe prastuta che. saM.1508 (I.1452)mAM citrita thayeluM 'vasaMtavilAsa'nuM oLiyuM prApta thayuM tyArathI bhAratIya kalAvivecakonuM dhyAna e pratye AkarSita thayeluM che. puSkaLa jene hastapratomAM e kalAnA namUnA upalabdha hoI keTalAka ene jenAzrita citrakalA kahe che. gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanI hastapratomAM enA namUnA maLatA hoI ene pazcima bhAratIya ke gujarAtI citrakalA paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. saMskRta, prAkRta ane gujarAtI graMthomAM, jaina temaja jainetara graMthomAM A citra upalabdha hoI ene dharmanirapekSa kalA gaNavI joIe. pUrvokta carcAnA saMdarbhamAM pRthakkaraNa karIe to, jena dharmanA sacitra saMskRtaprAkRta graMthomAM "kalpasUtra', 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra', "saMgrahaNI', lokaprakAza', "kAlakAcArya kathA' Adino samAveza thAya che. jainetara sacitra saMskRta sAhityamAM "gItagovinda', bAlagopAla stuti', "durgAsaptazatI', bilDaNapaMcAzikA', "meghadUta', "mAdhavAnalakAma-kaMDalA', "ratirahasya', "zAlihotra', "kAkarata', Adi ullekhapAtra che. paNa upalabdha jaina ane jainetara gujarAtI sAhityakRtio je saMkhyAmAM citrita thayelI che te uparathI samAjamAM A kalAne maLatA vyApaka AzrayanI tathA te dvArA vyakata thatA jIvanarasanI kalpanA thaI zake che. jo ke ahIM karAyelo nirdeza kevaLa udAharaNAtmaka che, saMpUrNa nathI e hakIkata noMdhavI joIe. jaina gujarAtI kRtiomAM nala-davadaMtI copAI', 'ArdrakumArarAsa', dhannAzAlibhadrarAsa', 'zrIpAlarAsa', mAnatuMgamAnavatI rAsa', 'haribala copAI', "caMdarAjAno rAsa', 'priyamelaka rAsa', pArzvanAthavivAhalo', AdinAM citro ullekhapAtra che. jenetara gujarAtI sacitra kRtiomAM paMcAkhyAna', 'harilIlASoDazakalA', "prabodhaprakAza', dhruvacaritra',

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 bhAlaNakRta 'dazamaskaMdha', premAnaMdakRta 'mAmeruM', giradharakRta 'rAmAyaNa', 'kutbuddInanI vAratA', pArasI kavi rUstama pezotanakRta 'avirAphanAmeha'' vagere kRtio maLe che. sAhitya sAthe citrakaLA kevo tAla meLave che te AvI sacitra hastapratomAMthI jaNAya che. dazAvatAranAM, rAgarAgiNInAM ane bhogAsanonAM citronA saMpuTo tathA anekavidha kalAtmaka gaMjIpA maLe che. zihoranA rAjamahelanAM, vaDodarAmAM tAMbekaranA vADAnAM ane saurASTramAM pADaraziMgAnAM bhItticitro ane granthastha citro vacceno bheda eTalo ja ke bhItticitronuM bhautika laka svAbhAvika rIte ja vizALa che, jyAre graMthastha citrone hastapratonA mApanI saMkucita maryAdA svIkAravI paDI che. citrakalAno viSaya game te hoya, paNa emAM jIvananI abhivyakita che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA vipula citrita sAhityane mRtyunI payagaMbarI karatuM zI rIte gaNI zakAya? 'raNamallachaMda' ke 'kAnhaDadeprabaMdha' jevA thoDAka apavAdo bAda karatAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityane rAjyAzraya nahoto. citrakalAne ane citrita sAhityane dhanikAzraya hato kharo, paNa ekaMdare e sAhitya sAmAnya samAjamAM udbhaveluM, vikaseluM ane vistareluM hatuM. AthI te samaye vrajabhASAmAM, cAraNI sAhityamAM ke rAjasthAnI- DiMgaLa AdimAM racAyA che tevA kAvyazAstra, koza, chaMdaalaMkArAdi ke nAyikAbhedanA graMtho gujarAtI sAhityamAM nathI. narasiMha, bhAlaNa, akho, zAmaLa, brahmAnaMda, prItama, dayArAma Adi anekoe vrajabhASAmAM ghaNuM lakhyuM che tathA gujarAtI kavioe vrajabhASAmAM karelA pradAna vize eka karatAM vadhu mahAnibaMdho lakhAyA che. saMskRta, prAkRta, vraja ane gujarAtI sAhityaracanAnI dhArA gujarAtamAM lagabhaga eka sAthe vahelI che. saMskRta ane vrajanuM sthAna abhyAsIonI rucine ghaDanAra ane emane kAvyaracanA ane vidyAvyAsaMganI tAlIma ApanAra prakRSTa sAhitya-bhASAo tarIke hatuM. paraMtu gujarAtI bhASA ane gujarAtI sAhitya to samAjanI rageragamAM vyApelAM hatAM; sAhityakRtio bahudhA vAMcavA mATe nahi, paNa sAMbhaLavA ke gAvA mATe hatI e vastu viziSTa kRtionA bahoLA pracAra mATenuM eka nimitta kAraNa hatI. gujarAtI kAvyone lekhabaddha karavAM e mukhya nahi paNa AnuSaMgika bAbata hatI. ApaNA mukhya ziSTa kavionAM kAvyo, premAnaMdAdinAM AkhyAno tathA aneka jJAtanAmA ane ajJAtanAmA kavionAM pado lokamukhe sarvavyApaka hatAM ane hajI che. ApaNA padasAhityano moTo bhAga alpAMze ja lipibaddha thayo hato ane saMtavANI to lokamukhe ja saMkramaNa pAmatI rahI hatI. saMtavANInuM vAhana gujarAtI lokabolI ane khaDIbolInA mizraNa jevI 'sAdhubolI' che ane sAdhuonI jema te paNa satata parivajana karatI rahI che. 10

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bhUmikA 11 madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya janatAnA sarva vargomAM vyApaka hatuM ane enA praNetAo samAjanA sarva staromAMthI AvelA hatA. vidyAvyAsaMga jemanuM kartavya hatuM evI brAhmaNa ane nAgara jevI jJAtio tathA kavikarma ane baMdikRtya jemano paraMparAgata vyavasAya hato evI bAroTa ane cAraNa jevI jAtionA kavi ke lekhakonI ApaNe ahIM vAta nahi karIe. paNa anya jAtionA lekhako ane temanI kRtionA thoDAka udAharaNarUpa nirdezothI upara sUcavI tevI vastusthitino kaMIka khyAla Avaze. prasiddha AkhyAnakAra nAkara vaDodarAno dizAvALa vaNika hato ane AkhyAno racIne eka nAgara brAhmaNa mitra-saMbhavataH mANabhaTranA yogakSema arthe tene soMpI deto hato. "vallabhAkhyAna'no kartA gopAladAsa ane "rasasidhuno kartA gopAladAsa vaNika hatA. "gopALagItA'no kartA gopALadAsa nAMdodano moDha vaNika hato ane nAsiketAkhyAna' Adi racanAra raNachoDa kapaDavaMja pAse toraNano khaDAyatA vaNika hato. mRgIsaMvAdano kartA jAvaDa paNa vaNika hato. 'kumArapAla rAsa' Adi aneka rAsAo racanAra RSabhadAsa khaMbhAtano zrAvaka vaNika hato. te sivAya lIMbo, khImo, harakhajI, hIrANaMda paMdaramA zatakamAM thayelA "vastupAlarAsa', vidyAvilAsapavADo' Adi racanAra sAdhu hIrANaMdathI bhinna), nemidAsa, karNasiMha, petho, prakAzasiMha, vacchabhaMDArI Adi zrAvaka vaNika kavio ane temanI racanAo jANavA maLyAM che. parabata kavi zrAvaka bhAvasAra hato ane lIMbaDIno pAso kavi zrAvaka pATIdAra hato. depALa ane mayArAma e jaina dharmAnuyAyI bhojaka kavio hatA. prabodhabatrIzI' Adino kartA mAMDaNa, AkhyAnakAra kAzIsuta zeghajI ane 'abhimanyu AkhyAna'no kata tApIdAsa baMdhArA jJAtinA hatA. "harirasano kartA paramAnaMda dIvano brahmakSatriyakapaDAM chApanAra kArIgara hato. ucca kavitvayukta "mahinA' racanAra ratno kheDAno bhAvasAra hato. parabata ane bhIma e be kavio jaina dhamanuyAyI bhAvasAra hatA. sudhanvAkhyAna' racanAra morAsuta govinda suratano kaMsAro hato. vedAntI kavi akho amadAvAdano sonI hato. "bAlacarita'no kartA kIko vazI ane pAMDavaviSTi'no kartA phUDha anAvila brAhmaNa kheDUto hatA. 'arjAnagItAno kata dhanadAsa dhaMdhukAno pATIdAra hato ane nirAMta bhakta dethANano pATIdAra hato. cAbakhA' vaDe nAmAMkita bhojo bhagata paNa AkhAbolo abhaNa pATIdAra hato. "rukimaNIharaNano kartA devIdAsa gAdharva hato. svAminArAyaNa saMpradAyanA vikhyAta kavi niSkuLAnaMda pUrvAzramanA lAlajI suthAra hatA. 'dhruvAkhyAnano kartA haridAsa vALaMda hato ane "zukadevAkhyAna'no kartA vasto DoDiyo borasadano dhArALo hato. premabhaktinAM uttama pado racanAra rAje keravADAno molesalAma garAsiyo hato. bApusAheba gAyakavADa vaDodarAnA rAjakuTuMbano

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12 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 saMbaMdhI marATho hato. saMta praNAlImAM ucca-nIcanA koI bheda nahotA; enuM pradhAna lakSya to e bhedo nivArI eka Izvarane bhajavAnuM hatuM. paMdaramA saikAmAM uttara bhAratamAM svAmI rAmAnaMdanA ziSyamaMDaLamAM kabIra vaNakara, rohidAsa camAra, sadanA khATakI, senA vALaMda, dhanA jATa, pIpAjI rAjapUta ane narahari brAhmaNa hatA. e ja paristhiti ApaNA abhyAsaviSaya kAlakhaMDamAM gujarAtamAM jovA maLe che. gujarAtanA kabIrapaMthI saMtakaviomAM bhANadAsa athavA bhANasAheba lohANA hatA. emanA guru AMbA chaThThA nAme nirakSara bharavADa hatA, jemanAM bhajano jhaveracaMda meghANIe "soraThI saMtavANImAM pragaTa karyA che. bhANadAsanA putra khImadAsa athavA khImasAheba. bhANasAhebanA eka ziSya ravisAheba emanA saMsparzamAM AvyA pahelAM ravajI nAme vyAjakhora vaNika hatA; bhANasAhebe eno jIvanapalaTo karyo hato. ravisAhebanA eka rAjapUta ziSya tharAdanA ThAkora mAnasiMhajI te morAra sAheba, jemaNe jIvatAM samAdhi lIdhI kahevAya che. lIMbaDInA saMta kavi mIThA DhADhI musalamAna hatA, jemaNe ravisAhebane paNa amuka prasaMge upadeza karyo hato. ravi-bhANa saMpradAye masta bhajanonuM vipula sAhitya saryuM che, jemAMnuM keTaluMka "ravi-bhANa saMpradAyanI vANI e nAmathI pragaTa thayuM che. e saMpradAyanA bhajanika kaviomAMnA eka trikamadAsa garoDA athavA trikamasAheba harijana brAhmaNa hatA ane hothI sumaro musalamAna hatA. kAjI mahamadazAhanAM bhajano Aje paNa saurASTramAM gavAtAM saMbhaLAya che. bahusaMkhya bhAvavibhora pado racanAra saMta jIvaNadAsa athavA dAsI jIvaNa goMDaLa pAse ghoghavadaranA camAra hatA. saurASTranA lokasamAjanI bhajanika paraMparA upara mAravADanA kSatriya rAjakumAra rAmadevajI athavA rAmade pIre pravartAvelA mahAmArga athavA nijAranI paNa UMDI asara che. saurASTranA vikhyAta saMta ane bhajanika kavi devIdAsa jemaNe potAnuM jIvana raktapatiyAMnI sevAmAM gALyuM hatuM teo rabArI hatA, jyAre emanAM ziSyA amarAbAI Ayara ane bIjA ziSya zAduLa bhagata kAThI hatA. zAduLa bhagata athavA zAdalapIranI ziSyA mAMgalabAI nAme kAThiyANI hatI. rAjakIya utpAto ane duSkALamAM anAtha banelAM bALakonA Azraya mATe morabI pAse vavANiyAmAM dharmasthAna sthApanAra saMta rAmabAI, jeo bhajanomAM potAne "rAmu' tarIke oLakhAve che teo AhIra hatA. rAmadevajInA paTTaziSya harajI bhATInA ziSya zelaNazonAM celI loyaNa luhAra jJAtinAM hatAM. emaNe potAnA ekavAranA mitra lAkhAne uddezI vAyaka' kahyAM che. gaMgAbAI athavA "gaMgAsatIe pacAseka pado potAnA putra ajobhAnI patnI-putravadhU pAnabAIne saMbodhelAM che. gaMgAbAI gohIla rAjapUta hatAM.

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bhUmikA 13 jAmanagaranA saMta kavi hamIra kuMbhAra hatA. lakhamo bhagata mALI hato. A paikI keTalAMkanAM maramI bhajano "soraThI saMtavANI' ane "purAtana jyota'mAM saMgharAyAM che. AvAM bIjAM paNa udAharaNo TAMkI zakAya. khojA, matiyA ane vorA jevA muslima saMpradAyoe potAnI dhArmika kavitA gujarAtImAM lakhI che. khojApaMthI padasAhityamAM 'dazAvatAra', "momaNa cetAvaNa', ImAmavALAnA prachA' vagere bhajanasAgaro che; enI AMtarasAmagrImAM kabIra-nAnaka jevo advaitavAdano pAsa jaNAya che. ApaNA abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM pArasIoe saMskRtamAM lakhyuM che tema gujarAtImAM paNa lakhyuM che. pArasI dharmagranthonA gujarAtI gadyAnuvAdo viSe agAu ullekha karyo che. paNa sattaramA zatakamAM suratanA mobeda rustama pezotane pahelI vAra gujarAtI padyamAM 'jarathosta-nAmeha', zyAvakSa-nAmeha', ane "avirApha-nAmeha' e sudIrgha caritro AkhyAnarUpe Ape che. saMbhavataH soLamA saikAmAM thayelA rAma nAme pArasI kavi tathA sattaramA saikAmAM thayelA barajora pharaduna tathA navasArI nivAsI nozeravAna jamazeda e pArasI kavio ullekhayogya che. sattaramA zatakanA pArasI kavionuM gujarAtI kavitAne pradAna eTaluM gaNanApAtra che ke e viSe parinabahena kApaDiyAperina DrAIvara)e eka mahAnibaMdha taiyAra karyo che. gujarAtI sAhityasevAnI pArasIonI A paraMparA arvAcIna yuga sudhI satata cAlu rahelI che. IsavIsananA bAramA zatakanA AraMbhamAM AcArya hemacandrakRta apabhraMza vyAkaraNanA racanAkALa AsapAsa gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityano AraMbha gaNIe to, e kALathI mAMDI IsavIsananA ogaNIsamA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM(1853mAM) avasAna pAmelA kavi dayArAmanA samaya sudhI eTale ke lagabhaga sADAsAtaso varSa sudhI prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtIno sAhityasrota vipula ane avicchinna rIte vaheto rahyo che. emAM hinduo, jeno, muslimo ane pArasIonI racanAo che; bhASAne khIlavanAra ane tene vikAsakoTie AgaLa laI janAra narasiMha, mIrAM, bhAlaNa, premAnaMda, zAmaLa, rAje, dayArAma AdinI kRtio che; bhASAnI abhivyaktine kasoTIe caDAvanAra ane tenI zakitaone savizeSa sUkSmatA arpanAra akho, kRSNajI, vasto, yazovijaya AdinAM kavitAmAM tattvajJAna gUMthatAM kAvyo che, keTalAka viziSTa ane AkarSaka prakAro dharAvatuM vipula gadya tathA vaividhyabharyuM zaktizALI padya che; saMskRta ane prAkRta sAhityamAM je uttama ane upayogI jaNAyuM te badhuM gujarAtImAM utAravAno bhAre puruSArtha emAM che. te uparAMta e prAcIna vArasA sAthe gujarAta ane gujarAtInI AgavI vizeSatAono sumeLa sAdhatI paNa puSkaLa racanAo che.

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14 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 jIvanamAM tema sAhityamAM paraMparAnuM prAdhAnya hatuM evA yugamAM vividha uddezathI ane vividha prakAro dvArA gujarAtI bhASAnI je anavarata upAsanA thaI che ane pacIzIvAra nahi paNa lagabhaga dazakAvAra e upAsanAnAM phaLa likhita svarUpe, Aje paNa je IyarAmAM upalabdha che eno joTo bhAratIya Arya bhASAsAhityanA itihAsamAM, eka mAtra siMhAlIjhanA apavAda sivAya, kyAMya nathI. dayArAmanA avasAnakALe gujarAtI bhASA mAtra vyavahAru upayoganI kathya bhASA nahotI, paNa lagabhaga ATha zatAbdInA satata ane samartha kheDANano vAraso dharAvanArI samRddha sAhityabhASA hatI. vividharaMgI gujarAtI prajAnuM AMtaracaitanya TakAvI rAkhavAmAM sauthI moTo phALo koIno hoya to te madhyakALanA kavio, saMto, bhajaniko ane kathako-kathAkArono che. itihAsanA sauthI viSama samayagALAomAM paNa, ethI, prajAe potAnI AMtarika samatA sAva gumAvI nahotI tathA zAnti ane AzvAsana prApta karyA hatAM. govardhanarAme kahyuM che tema, gAmagAma vacce aMdhera, dhADalUMTa ItyAdine kAraNe saMparka rahyA nahi hoya tyAre dareka gAme potAno AchopAtaLo paNa kavi nipajAvyo, jeNe nAnakaDo sthAnika dIvaDo banI lokonAM haiyAMne lIlAM rAkhyAM. temAMnA vizeSa sattvazALInI pratiSThA sthAnika na rahetAM pradezavyApI paNa banI. madhyakALanA A kavikuLe samAjane enA sArA divasomAM temaja rAjakIya ane naitika vipatti veLA bauddhika vinoda, sAhityarasa, dharmalabhya AzvAsana ane naitika baLa ApyuM che, ane samAjane ekAda DagaluM AgaLa laI javAnI sevA bajAvI che. govardhanarAme AthI sAcuM ja kahyuM che ke A kavio vinA gujarAtanuM lokajIvana raNa jevuM verAna ane zuSka banI jAta ane gujarAta hRdayanI sacetanatA khoI beThuM hota. gujarAtI bhASAne emaNe ghaDI, paloTI, keLavI, tene bhAvakSama, arthavAhI ane madhura banAvI e sevA to judI." saMdarbhanoMdha 1. kAmA oriyenTala InsTiTyuTa, muMbaInA saMgrahamAM A AkhyAnanI 106 citrovALI hastaprata sacavAyelI che. enI bIjI sacitra hastapatro paNa e saMsthAmAM che. 2. arvAcIna kALamAM vIsanagaranA anavaramiyAM kAjI ('anavara kAvya') ane pIra sattArazAha AdinI racanAonI tulanA A sAthe thaI zake. 3 madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM kavayitrIo- e abhyAsano eka alaga viSaya che. mIrAMbAInuM vyaktitva ane katitva sauthI prasiddha che. dIvALIbAI, kRSNAbAI, purIbAI. rAdhAbAI

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bhUmikA 15 vageree bhaktinAM pado gAyAM che. emAMnI rAdhAbAI vaDodarAvAsI mahArASTrIya brAhmaNa hatI. saMskRta hiMsavilAsa'nA praNetA, zakti saMpradAyanA haMsa mIThuM athavA mIThu mahArAjanI ziSyA janabAI nAme rasika kavayitrI thaI gaI. olapADanI nAnIbAIe rUpakapradhAna vaNajhAro' racyo che. saMta nirAMtanI ziSyA vaNArazIbAInAM pado maLe che. pIra kAyamuddIna ciztInA paMthanI vorA kavayitrI ratanabAInI "kalAmo' bhakta kavionAM bhASA ane bhAva vyakta kare che. jaina paraMparAmAM 'cArudattacaritra' racanAra padmazrI sAdhvI ane kanakAvatI AkhyAna' racanAra hemazrI sAdhvI thaI gayAM che. paNa samagra rIte jotAM kavayitrIonI saMkhyA ghaNI ochI che ane emanuM pradAna alpa che. enuM kAraNa mukhyatve sAmAjika paristhitimAM ja khoLavuM rahyuM ne? 4. juo esa.DI. bharucA. saMpAdita Collected Sanskrit Writings of the Parsees, I-IV pa. juo : anaMtarAya rAvaLa, gujarAtI sAhitya madhyakAlIna), (1954) pR. 24

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2 madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo caMdrakAnta mahetA gujarAtI sAhityanA madhyakALanuM samayaphalaka I. 12mI sadIthI 19mI sadInA pUrvArdha sudhInuM gaNAyuM che. e samayagALAmAM ghaNAM sAhityasvarUpo uddabhavyAM, vikasyAM, rUpAMtarita thayAM ane kALagrasta thayAM. gujarAtI bhASAnI dUradUranI sImA AcArya hemacandranA apabhraMza vyAkaraNa siddhahaima' pAse mUkI zakAya. emAM te samaye bolAtI bhASAmAM pracalita bhinna bhinna prakAranAM muktako che. ethI sAhityasvarUponI carcAno AraMbha muktakothI thAya temAM aucitya che. muktaka : muktakatane DolararAya mAMkaDa laghukAvyano eka prabheda mAne che. e svarUpa mULa to saMskRtamAMthI UtarI AvyuM che. daMDIe tathA "agnipurANa'mAM muktakanI ApelI vyAkhyA parathI eTaluM tAravI zakAya che ke e cAra caraNanuM hovuM joIe, emAM camatkArakSamatA hovI joIe. AmAMnuM paheluM lakSaNa kAvyanA bAhya svarUpa paratve che, jyAre bIjuM lakSaNa aMtaHsvarUpa paratve che. DolararAya mAMkaDa muktakamAM vastupasaMdagI ane bhAvAbhivyakti banemAM mitAkSaratA hovI joIe ema mAne che. A uparAMta eka zloka ke eka kaDImAM pUruM thatuM hoya, eno vicAra eka ja vAkyamAM vyakta thAya evo hoya, emAM camatkRti hoya, ekAda saMcArI Urmi hoya, eTalAM tattvo paNa emaNe Avazyaka mAnyAM che. kAvyanuzAsana'mAM muktaka viSenI TIkAmAM, muktaka eka ja chaMdamAM hovuM joIe ema jaNAvyuM che. A lakSaNa muktakanI samagratAnI daSTie agatyanuM che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM muktakano prakAra svataMtra rIte prabaMdho, rAsAo, kathAo, temaja lokasAhityanI duhAbaddha vArtAomAM maLe che. e muktako

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 17 para saMskRta muktakonI gherI asara che. keTalIkavAra to saMskRta muktako ja kathAomAM avatArelAM hoya che. hemacandranA siddhahaimamAM mAtra duhAmAM racAyelAM apabhraMza muktako maLe che. te pachI prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi (I.1305)mAM saMskRta temaja apabhraMza bane bhASAmAM racAyelAM muktako maLe che. narapatikRta "naMdabatrIsI' (I.1489)mAM saMskRta muktakonA anuvAda temaja svataMtra gujarAtI muktako maLe che. "azoka-rohiNI rAsa' (I.1734)mAM saMskRta muktako, enAM bhASAMtaro, tathA svataMtra gujarAtI muktako maLe che. Ama gujarAtI muktako saMskRta muktakonI ja AgaLa vadhelI saMtati che. AvA muktako vAtacItane prasaMge bolAtAM. tema ja vyavahArane prasaMge prasaMgocita muktaka kahevuM e eka prakAranI AbhijAtyanI nizAnI gaNAtI.. saMskRta subhASitamAM moTebhAge anuSTrapa vaparAto tema gujarAtImAM vizeSataH duhAno prayoga thato. hemacandrAcArye "siddhahaimamAM je muktako ApyAM che, te duhAmAM ja che. | muktako be kAraNe racAtAM. eka prakAranAM muktako subhASito tarIke racAtAM, to bIjA prakAranAM prabaMdho ane kathAmAM mUkavA racAtAM. AthI ekanAM eka muktako ApaNane aneka kRtimAM najare caDhe che. hemacandrathI dayArAma sudhInA samayagALAmAM vipula pramANamAM muktako dRSTie paDe che. lokasAhityamAM paNa muktakonuM aneruM sthAna che. rasadaSTie vicAratAM hemacandra ane pachInA yugomAM zRMgAranuM nirUpaNa camatkArika rIte thayuM che. jema ke, vAyasa uDAvarIae, piyu diThThau sahasatti adhdhA valayA mahihi gaya, adhdhA phUTa taDatti (kAgaDAne uDADatI piyuvirahathI dUbaLI thaI gayelI strIe ociMto enA piyune Avato joyo. ethI enI ardhI cUDIo (dubaLA hAtha parathI) jamIna para paDI ane ardhI piyune jotAM ja e harSathI phUlI gaI ethI) phaTa karatI tUTI gaI). "siddhahaimamAM vIrarasanAM karuNanAM ane zAntarasanAM muktako che. eka muktakamAM raNamAM mAryA gayelA eka vIrasainikanI patnI enI sakhIne kahe che : Saa daA bhallA huA jo mAriyA, bahiNi mArA kaMtu lajaje jaM tu vayaMsi sahu, jaI bhaggA gharu entu. (he vhena ! mArA kaMthe raNabhUmimAM laDatAM laDatAM mAryA gayA e sAruM ja thayuM, kAraNa ke jo e yuddhamAMthI bhAgIne ghera AvyA hota to mAre sakhIo sAme lAjI maravAnuM thAta). muktaka nAnuM kAvyasvarUpa hovA chatAM emAM alaMkArone sAro evo avakAza raheto. paMdaramI sadInI nIcenI anyoktimAM priyatama priyatamAnA sneha viSe bhramarano

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18 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 Azraya laI zaMkA vyakta kare che. bhamarA roI raNajhaNaI, mukhi mUkI nisANI re kAMTAli ketakI, tAharu siu visAsa hemacandranA duhAmAMthI eka svAbhAvoktinuM dRSTAnta - piya saMgapi kau hiMdaDI, piyaho paropakhaho kema maI biNivi viSaSNasiA, niMdana emba na tema. (priya-saMgamAM kyAMthI nidrA Ave? priyano viyoga hoya tyAre paNa kyAMthI nidrA Ave? Ama banne tarapha vinAza che. nidrA Ama paNa nathI ne tema paNa nathI.) A rIte muktakamAM alaMkAravaividhya sArA pramANamAM raheluM che. chaMdanI dRSTie muktaka mATe pracalita chaMda duho che. mAMDaNa baMdhArAe, akhAe, bhIme copAImAM muktako racyAM che. akhAe cArane badale cha paMktinI copAI prayojI hovAthI ene bhUlathI chappA nAma apAyuM che. paNa e chappA piMgaLanA chappA nathI ene SaTrapadI copAInuM nAma ApI zakAya. akhAnI pUrve mAMDaNa baMdhArAe evI copAI racI che. akho to kyAreka chathI AgaLa vadhIne ATha paMktio sudhI copAI laMbAve che. vaccharAjakRta rasamaMjarImAM, zAmaLanI vArtAomAM tathA narabherAmanI racanAomAM chappAmAM racAyelAM muktako maLe che. akhAnI SaTrapadI copAImAM racAyelAM muktako tattvajJAnanAM ke upadezanAM hoya che. emAM prathama cAra paMktimAM amuka paristhiti AlekhI chellAM be caraNamAM kAM to kahevata TAMkI hoya che. athavA bodha tAravyo hoya che. jema ke, eka mUrakhane evI Teva patthara eTalA pUje deva, tulasI dekhI toDe pAna, pANI dekhI kare snAna, e to akhA bahu utpAta, ghaNA paramezvara e kyAMnI vAta? chaMdanI draSTie muktakano vicAra karatAM, duhA ane soraThA, te pachI copAI, SapadI copAI ane chappA dRSTie paDe che. muktakano eka viziSTa prakAra, samasyA, ukhANAM ke prahelikA che. prahelikAnI vyAkhyA ApatAM DolararAya mAMkaDe kahyuM che - prahelikA eTale bIjAne saMdehamAM, saMzayamAM nAkhe tevuM varNanIya vastunuM nAma gupta rAkhavuM te." daMDIe kAvyAdarzamAM jaNAvyuM che ke AnaMdajanaka vArtAlApa cAlato hoya tyAre vinoda khAtara buddhizALIo

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 19 samakSa, potAnuM cAturya darzAvavA ane sAmAnA cAturyanI parIkSA karavA prahelikAno upayoga thato. prahelikAmAM amuka padArtha kriyA ke vastunAM bAhya lakSaNo ApyAM hoya che paNa enuM nAma jaNAvAyuM hotuM nathI. madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM e svarUpa eTaluM vyApaka hatuM ke jena, jainetara badhA vArtAkAro eno chUTathI upayoga karatA. vibuddha premIo samaya vyatIta karavA, mugdhAo buddhizALI varanI pasaMdagI karavA ema vividha rIte prahelikA prayojatI. kuzaLalAbhakRta 'kAmakaMdalA copAI'mAM nAyakanAyikA rAtri vitAvavA ekabIjAne samasyAo pUche che, jemAM eka zlokamAM samasyA hoya che, ane bIjA zlokamAM eno uttara hoya che. jema ke nAyaka nAyikAne pUche che - bahu divase prI Avi6, motI ApyAM teNa thaNa karakama be jhAliyAM, hasI hasI nAMkhyAM teha. bahu divasa pachI Avelo priyatama priyatamAne motI lAvIne Ape che. to ene hAthamAM pakaDI hasIne bAjumAM mUkI de che. ahIM priyatamA zAthI bhUlAvAmAM paDI ane eNe kaI mAnasika prakriyAne kAraNe motI nAMkhI dIdhAM teno buddhipUrvaka vicAra karI uttara ApavAno che. uttaramAM mAdhavAnala kahe che - karatatto ujvala vimala, nayane kajjala reha thaNa karI bhUlI guMjA phali, tisa hasI nAMkhyA teha. (eno hAtha ratAza bharelo ujvaLa hato AMkhamAM kAjaLanI rekhA hatI. (enA pratibiMbathI) motI caNoThI jevAM lAgyAM, tethI hasIne pheMkI dIdhAM) lokasAhityamAM paNa kathAomAM samasyAno upayoga thato hoya che. 'sonahalAmaNanI vArtAmAM nAyikA sone enI samasyA ukele tenI joDe paraNavAnI pratijJA lIdhI che. emAM prathama paMktimAM samasyA pUchI hoya che. ane dvitIya paMktimAM eno uttara hoya che, ne ema be paMktinuM muktaka bane che. sona pUche che - ghaNa vaNa ghaDiyAM, eraNa vaNa abhADiyAM nahi (hathoDA vagara ghaDelA ne eraNane to aDyAM ja na hoya evA alaMkAra kayA) AnA uttaramAM halAmaNa kahe che : saravaDa svAMtataNAM, maLe to motI nIpaje | (svAtinakSatramAM saravaDAM thakI nIpajatA chIpomAM motI)

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20 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 ahI banne paMktio saMzliSTa che. muktakamAM je camatkRti hovI joIe te AmAM che. vArtAmAM banne paMktimAM prazna pUchyo hoya evI samasyAo paNa maLe che. jemake ziyA sarovara dekhADa jyAM pANI ke nava pALa tAsa taNe koLAMlaDe, paMkhI vahuAM DALa zivAjIe uttara Apyo "sarovara te kAna, ne pakSI te kAnamAM paherelI toLI athavA vALI'. A rIte madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM samasyAnuM sthAna mahattvapUrNa che. e yugamAM mAnavanI vyavahAru buddhino tAga kADhavAnuM samasyA e eka vizvasanIya sAdhana manAtuM. muktakonI jema ekanI eka samasyA ApaNane aneka vArtAomAM maLe che. e vArtAmAM prayukta hovA chatAM vArtAthI bhinna e svayaMparyApta sAhityaprakAra hato. pada : muktakamAM lAgaNI pAsAdAra hoya che. jyAre padamAM lAgaNI pravAhI hoya che. pada saMskRta zabda che je caraNanA arthamAM prayojAya che. Ama padano arthavistAra caraNamAMthI kaDImAM ane pachI kaDIsamUhamAM thayo. DolararAya mAMkaDe padane svataMtra kAvyarUpa mAnyuM nathI, paNa ene laghukAvyano eka prakAra gayuM che. e muktaka karatAM moTo tathA AkhyAna karatAM nAno - e benI vacceno kAvyaprakAra che. pada vaiSNava zAkta, vedAMtIo, zaiva tathA jaina ema badhA ja kavioe racyAM che. jaina kavioe stavana, sajjAya, vaMdana vagere saMjJAthI racelAM kAvyo padanAM ja bhinna bhinna svarUpo che. dayArAmanAM pada, garabA tathA garabI vacce khAsa bheda jaNAto nathI. prItamanI dANanI garabIone pada saMjJA apAI che. raNachoDabhaktanAM padomAM rAga garabI evo ullekha che. narasiMhanAM prabhAtiyAM e paNa pado ja che. padanuM utpattisthAna Urmi che. je UrminI padamAM abhivyakti thAya che te be prakAranI che. eka premalakSaNA bhaktinI ane bIjI upadezAtmaka. narasiMha, mIrAM ke premAnaMda premasakhI) gopIbhAve je kAvyocita Urmi anubhavatAM - milana mATeno talasATa, milana thatAM uddabhavato harSotireka kRSNa joDenI praNayakrIDAnuM kAlpanika citranirUpaNa, e badhAnI pAchaLa premalakSaNA bhaktinI Urmi rahetI

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 21 che. jema ke narasiMhanA A padamAM - Aja saparamo dahADo mArA vAlA re hari AvyA mAre ghera, kAna chogALA re zerI vaLAvuM sohAmaNI mArA vAlA re phUlaDiyA verAvuM nIta, kahAna chogALA re seja pAtharaNAM pAtharuM, mArA vahAlA re te upara beso prANAdhAra, kAna chogALA re. Urmi padamAM nirUpAtAM kAM to kathanAtmaka rUpa letI, athavA varNanAtmaka. keTalAMka padomAM varNano pAtranA mukhamAM uktirUpe AvatAM. jema ke mIrAMbAInuM - chAnomAno Ave kahAna, pAchalI ja rAte re veNumAMhI bhairava gAyo, AvIne prabhAte re sama khAIne sUtI hatI, nahi boluM hari sAthe re dvAra ughADI pAye lAguM, moralI kerA nAde re.. A padamAM gopInI kathanAtmaka ukti che. to narasiMhanA A padamAM Urmie varNanAtmaka rUpa lIdhuM che - rUmajhUma nAde nepUra bAje, jhAMjharano jhamakAra re tAlItAla mRdaMga dhUne nAce, hari kikaNI raNakAre re eka veNa mahuare vAha, kAminI kela karatAM re zira para sohe rAkhalaDI re, jhalake bhamarI letAM re kAne kuMDaLa muguTe mahAmaNi, zobhA kahI manabhAve re bhaNe narasaiyo AnaMdabhayo ati, hari bhAminI bhAve re.. ahIM hari mATenI lAgaNI rasocita sAmagrI ane gopI tathA kRSNanA vastrAbhUSaNanA varNana dvArA AlekhAI che. varNanAtmaka padomAM zarUAtamAM to varNana lAgaNInI abhivyakitanI eka rIti hatI. tethI zarUAtanAM pado TUMkAM hatAM paNa pachInAM kAvyomAM varNana AvavuM ja joIe evI paripATI baMdhAtAM varNanapradhAna kAvyomAM Urmitattva ghaTatuM gayuM. jema ke thALanAM padomAM bhojanasAmagrInuM varNana Ave. to e varNana, prabhumilananI jhaMkhanA vyakta karavA ane tene nimaMtravA prayojAya che. zarUAtanAM narasiMha vagerenAM kAvyomAM, vALanAM padomAM ISTadeva padharAvavAnI vinaMtine

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22 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 mahattvanuM sthAna hoya che. ethI emAM bhojanasAmagrInI yAdI ja AvavA lAgI. ethI UrmimAMthI dhArmika rUDhi tarapha padanuM saMkramaNa thatuM gayuM. padanI utpatti ane vikAsamAM ApaNAM maMdiroe paNa mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo che. maMdiromAM jude jude samaye thatAM darzana vakhate ane pUjA karatI vakhate pado gAvAno rivAja che. ethI maMdi2mAM jeTalIvAra darzana thAya, jema ke maMgaLAnAM rAjabhoganAM, zaNagAranAM, utthAnanAM, hiMDoLAnAM, kRSNanAM janmasamayanAM, janmASTamInAM, hoLI samayanAM, te samaye samayAnurUpa gAvA mATe pado racAtAM. bhajanasaMsthAoe paNa padanI utpatti ane vikAsamAM mAtabara phALo Apyo che. bhajanamaMDaLIomAM dharmAnurAgI jIvo, agamanigamanAM saMsAranI asAratAnAM, IzvaranA mAhAtmyanAM gIto gavAtAM. bhajana maMDaLIo moTebhAge AkhI rAta besatI, vAratahevAre savArathI sAMja sudhI besatI. emAM gAvA mATe pado racAtAM. madhyakAlIna padono racanAra AmajanatAmAMno ja eka jIva hovAthI emAM alaMkAro paNa rojabarojanA jIvanamAMthI ja vINAtA. ethI enuM vaktavya, adanAmAM adanA mANasa sudhI pahoMcI jatuM. jema ke : bola mA bola mA bola mA re, rAdhAkRSNa vinA bIjuM bola mA sAkara ne zelaDIno svAda tajIne, kaDavo te lImaDo ghoLa mAM peluM lokagIta huM to dAtaNa karuM ne hi2 sAMbhare re mArAM dAtaNiyAM rahI rahI jAya re huM to dAtaNa - huM to nAvaNa karuM ne hi2 sAMbhare re. mArAM nAvaNiyAM rahI rahI jAya re huM to dAtaNa - darzAve che ke padano dhArmika ane sAmAjika jIvananI jarUriyAtamAMthI udbhava thayo. madhyakAlIna kavio kyAreka potAnI vyaktigata lAgaNIonuM paNa nirUpaNa karatA, evAM pado moTebhAge bhaktinI khumArI darzAvatAM pado che. jema ke mIrAMbAInuM A pada prIta pUravanI te zuM karuM, ho rANAjI prIta pUravanI te zuM karuM? ho mevADA rANA manaDuM lobhANuM tenuM zuM karuM? A pada potAnI vyaktigata manodazAne vyakta karatuM hovA chatAM eno saMbaMdha

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 23 to Izvarabhakti joDe che. padono rasadaSTie vicAra karatAM madhyakALamAM mAdhuryabhaktinuM prAdhAnya hovAthI zRMgAranAM pado vipula pramANamAM upalabdha che. e prakAranAM padomAM rAdhA, gopIo ane zrIkRSNa tathA ziva ane bhIlaDI ityAdi paurANika pAtronA praNayanA bhAvonuM nirUpaNa thatuM - caitara caMpo moriyo ne moryA dADama drAkha koyalaDI TahukA kare, beThI AMbalI DALa ke ANAM mokala ne morAra. vaizAkhe vana veDiyAM. ne teDI AMbA zAkha rase bharelo vADako mane koNa kaheze tuM cAkha. padamAM zRMgAranuM prAdhAnya eTaluM badhuM rahetuM, ke jaina sAdhuo ane svAmInArAyaNa saMpradAyanA kavio paNa jIvAtmA-paramAtmAno saMbaMdha zRMgAranI paribhASAmAM nihALatA. jaina kavi AnaMdaghanajI premalakSaNA bhaktino bhAva vyakta karatAM kahe che piyAbIna sudhabudha khUMdI ho viraha bhujaMga nitya same merI sejalaDI, sUnI ho nizadina jou tArI vATaDI ghere Avone DholA. madhyakAlIna zRMgArarasanAM padomAM prasaMgo tathA nirUpaNarItinuM puSkaLa vaividhya rahetuM. dayArAmanA A padamAM praNayajanya IrSAnuM rasaprada rIte nirUpaNa thayuM cheH o vAMsalaDI veraNa thaI lAgI re vrajanI nArane zuM zora kare, vAMsalaDI, tuM tArI jAta vicArane. teM evAM kAmaNa zA kIdhAM, zAmaLiye mukha cuMbana dIdhAM mana vraja vAsInAM harI lIdhAM - ho vAMsalaDI. bhAlaNanuM nIcenuM pada eka lAkSaNika draSTAnta che. rAdhA kRSNanI joDe rajanI ramI AvI che. rastAmAM enI sakhI maLe che. je ene sAcI vAta pUchatAM rAdhA uDAu javAba Ape che - kahene kAminI tuM kahAM sAsa bharANI parasevo ema kahAM vaLyo, tArI bhamara bahu bhIMjANIjI - sAcuM bolojI,

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24 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 rAdhA kahe bhUlI paDI vATa meM nava jANIjI vanamAM bahenI ekalI atize tAhAM UMgANI - sAMbhaLa sajanIjI, Aje veNI gUMthI hasIne, chUTI kema vikharANIjI utAvaLI evI kahe zI, juDI nava baMdhANIjI - sAcuM bolojI bhamaro AvI zirapara beTho uDADatAM zira chUTya jI jatana karIne bAMdhatAM, vaccethI nADuM tUTyuM che - sAMbhaLa sajanIjI zRMgAra pachI zAntarasanAM pado paNa saMkhyAbaMdha maLe che. e pado jJAnanAM che, ane jJAnaprApti thatAM divyatattvanI jhAMkhI thaI hoya, tevAM agamanigamanAM pado che. jJAnanI mastI paNa bhaktinI mastI jevI ja kAvyamaya hoya che. nIcenA padamAM jJAna thatAM je AnaMdormi pragaTe che ane bhavyatAe pahoMce che tenI jhAMkhI narasiMha nIcenA padamAM karAve che. nirakhane gaganamAM koNa ghUmI rahyo, te ja huM te ja huM zabda bole zyAmazobhA ghaNI, buddhi nA zake kaLI, anaMta occhavamAM paMtha bhUlI jaDa ne cetanya rasa kahI jANavo, pakaDI preme sajIvana mULI jhaLahaLa jyota udyota ravi koTamAM, temanI kora jyAM nIsare tole saccidAnaMda AnaMdakIDA kare, sonAnA pAraNAmAMthI jhUle battIviNa tela viNa sUtraviNa je baLI acaLa jhaLake sadA anala dIvo narasiMharAva A pada mATe kahe che, "duniyAnA sAhityamAM A kadAca prathama sthAna bhogave evuM kAvya che. emAM UMcAmAM UMcA tAttvika vicArone ajaba zaktithI gUMthyA che... ahIM kavie jJAna ane bhaktinuM ekIkaraNa karyuM che. akhAnA A padamAM jJAnanI mastI Rju ane karNaraMjaka zabdomAM vyakta thaI che : abhinavo AnaMda Aja, agocara gocara havuM e parapaMca pAra mahArAja, e pUraNa brahma stavuM e zAMtarasanA padomAM eka tarapha jJAnanA AnaMdanI ke AzcaryanI Urmio hoya che, tevI ja rIte anya eka lAgaNI jata pratyenA nirvedanI che. enAM aneka

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 25 citro dvArA jagata pratyeno aNagamo upajAvavAno prayatna hoya che. bhojA bhagatanuM nIcenuM pada e prakAranuM lAkSaNika draSTAnta che. jIvane zvAsa taNI sagAI, gharamAM ghaDI na rAkhe bhAI. lIvuM ne gUpyuM AMgaNuM, ne kADhavA veLA thaI aDazo mAM tame abhaDAzo, ema loka kare caturAI.. gharanI nArI ghaDI na mUke, e paNa aLagI rahI bhojo bhagata kahe kaMtha vaLAvI, tarata bIje gaI.... kyAreka bhaktinAM padomAM vIrarasocita uktio maLe che. prItamanuM A pada juo : harino mAraga che zUrAno, nahi kAyaranuM kAma jone parathama paheluM mastaka mUkI vaLatuM levuM nAma jone. svAmInArAyaNa saMpradAyanA brahmAnaMda svAmInA padamAM to bhakta jANe raNamadhyamAM gayo hoya ne kavi ene yuddha karavA pAno caDhAvato hoya tevI rIte ene saMbodhe che : re zirasATe naTavarane varIe pAchAM te pagalAM nava bharIe re samajyA vinA nava nIsarIe re raNamadhye jaIne nava DarIe tyAM mukha pANI rAkhI marIe re - vIrarasanI paribhASAmAM racAyelAM padonI jema Azcaryavat jJAnanAM padomAM - jene addabhutarasanAM kahI zakAya tevAM padomAM dhIrA bhagatanuM A lAkSaNika pada dhyAna kheMce che : taraNA othe DuMgara re. DuMgara koI dekhe nahi ajAjutha mAMhe re, samaratha gAje sahI AvAM padomAM vastu karatAM rajUAtamAM ja camatkRti rahI hoya che. emAM avaLavANInuM bIja raheluM che. padanA prakAra viSe vicAratAM vastudRSTie prathama bhajana Ave che. bhajanamAM Izvarastuti, jagatanuM mithyAtva, parabrahmanI mahattA tathA bhavyatA, AtmAparamAtmAnuM sAyujya, paramatatva joDe ekatA sadhAtAM AnaMdamUcha, jagata pratyeno nirveda, IzvarazraddhA

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26 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 ema vidhavidha bhAvo AlekhAyelA hoya che. bhajananI vizeSatA e che ke bhakta Izvara pAse kazI yAcanA karato nathI kAraNa ke e jANe che ke, brahma satya che, jagata mithyA che. bhajana racanArane enI pratIti thaI hoya che ethI maMdiranA deva karatAM akhila brahmAMDamAM eka chatAM jUjave rUpe bhAsatA zrIharinI e upAsanA kare che. IzvaranA svarUpanI jhAMkhI thatAM enA hRdayamAMthI vANI skUre che : akhila brahmAMDamAM eka zrIhari jUjave rUpe anaMta bhAse dehamAM deva tuM, tejamAM tattva tuM zUnyamAM zabda thaI veda vAse. (narasiMha). maMdiranI pUjAvidhi joDe saMkaLAyelAM pado jevAM ke bhagavAnane jagADavA prabhAtiyAM, vastrAbhUSaNa paherAvatI vakhate zaNagAranAM pado, poDhADatI vakhate zayananAM pado, pAraNAmAM jhUlAvatI vakhate hiMDoLAnAM, AratI utAratI vakhate AratInAM pado, jaina caityavaMdana, ke snAtra pUjAnAM pado. - jaina maMdiromAM darzana karatI vakhate gavAtAM te caitanyavaMdananAM padomAM devanuM saMkIrtana arAvatuM, devane snAna karAvatI vakhate ane puSpa caDhAvatI vakhate gavAtAM pado khAtrapUjA kahevAya che. prabhAtiyAM, hiMDoLAnAM, zaNagAranAM ke thALanAM padomAM jude jude nimitte IzvaranuM stavana hoya che. jema ke AbhUSaNa devane kevAM zobhe che te darzAvAyuM hoya che. hiMDoLAnAM padomAM hiMDoLAmAM deva kevA zobhe che te varNavAyuM hoya che, tethI ene kIrtana kahevAmAM anaucitya nathI. vasantanAM hoLInAM ke phAganAM pado madhyayugamAM bahoLA pramANamAM pracalita hatAM. hoLI khelavI ke vasaMtapaMcamI ujavavI e sAmUhika ujavaNInuM eka aMga hatuM. tene dhArmikatAno pAza ApavA kavio paurANika pAtronuM AlaMbana laI e utsava nimitte zRMgArika pado racAtAM. e padomAM paNa ISTadevanAM guNagAna hovAthI ene kIrtananAM pado kahI zakAya. je saMbhogazRMgAranAM padomAM hoLI ke vasaMtanuM AlaMbana levAtuM, tema mahinAnAM padomAM mAse mAse pravRttimAM thatAM parivartanothI virahavyathA kevI kAramI banatI jAya che te darzAvAtuM. evA virahanA bAra mAsa prathama jaina kavioe racyA che. vinayacandrakRta neminAtha catuSpAdikA' ApaNuM prathama bAramAsInuM pada che. e I. 1213mAM racAyuM che. neminAthanI rAha jotI rAjimatInI virahavyathA pratyeka mAse kevI jIvaleNa banatI jAya che te emAM darzAvAyuM che. kAvyano AraMbha zrAvaNa mAsathI thAya che ane RtuparivartananuM AlaMbana laI rasajamAvaTa karavAmAM AvI che. aSADha mahino vItI gayA pachI adhikamAse neminAtha Ave che ane vipralaMbha saMyogamAM pariName che.

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 27 narasiMha mahetAkRta rAdhAkRSNanI bAramAsI e jainetara kavinI prathama bAramAsI che. emAM kRSNa mathurA gayA che, rAdhA emanA AgamananI pratIkSA kare che. emAM prakRtino uddIpana vibhAva tarIke upayoga thayo che. kArtika mAsathI viraha zarU thAya che ane azvina mAsamAM kRSNa Ave che. bannenA milanathI kAvya pUruM thAya che. pachInA kavioe paNa bAramAsImAM e rIta apanAvI che. lokasAhityamAM paNa bAramAsanAM pado maLe che. virahanAM bAramAsanAM padonI jema virahanAM vAranAM pado paNa racAyAM che. emAM virahanuM AyuSya sAta divasanuM ja rahetuM, ane AThame divase praNayIonuM milana thatuM. bhAlaNanA mahAdevajInA sAta vAra'mAM pArvatIno mahAdeva mATeno viraha somavA2thI zarU thAya che ane ravivAre mahAdeva AvI pahoMcatAM virahano aMta Ave che. A prakAranAM pado atyaMta TUMkAM hovAthI emAM prakRtivarNanane jhAjho avakAza raheto nathI ane sAta divasano TUMko gALo virahavyathAne tIvra banAvI zakato nathI. evuM ja tithinAM padonuM che. emAM pratyeka tithie amuka banAva banyo ema kahevAyuM che. jema ke prItamanA tithinA padamAM pratyeka tithie kRSNanA jIvananA amuka banAvano ullekha che. e rIte paDavAthI pUrNimA sudhI, kavie saMkSepamAM kRSNanI bALalIlA gAI che. AraMbha kRSNanA janma pUrvethI thAya che, ne pUrNimAe rAsakrIDAthI kAvyano aMta Ave che. maMdira joDe saMkaLAyelo ane pUjAnA viniyogamAMthI uddabhavelo evo bIjo eka prakAra AratIno che. 'AratI' pUjAnI vidhinuM eka svarUpa che. badhA saMpradAyanAM maMdiromAM devanI AratI utArAya che. AratIno AraMbha devanA yoccArathI thato. emAM devano mahimA gavAto, enAM svarUpanuM ke AbhUSaNanuM varNana AvatuM. vaiSNavamaMdiromAM jyAre jyAre darzana thatAM tyAre pratyeka veLA AratI utArAtI. jyAre anya maMdiromAM prAtaHkALe ane sAyaMkALe AratI utArAtI. paNa saMdhyA AratInuM vizeSa mahattva hoya che. AratInAM padomAM viSaya ane nirUpaNarItinuM puSkaLa vaividhya hoya che. viSNunA dazAvatAra, zaMkaranAM dvAdaza jayotirliMga, devInAM vividha svarUpo ane ene viSenI paurANika kathAono ullekha thato. moTebhAge prathama paMkti ja dhruvapada rUpe rahetI. AratI saMghagAna hovAthI, emAM svaramAdhurya, tathA geyatA tarapha vizeSa lakSa apAtuM, ane prAsanuM mAdhurya jaLavAtuM. gujarAtamAM ghaNe sthaLe maMdiromAM hari-ha2 bannenI mUrtio joDejoDa hatI tema ja ardhuM aMga zaMkaranuM ane ardhuM viSNunuM evI mUrtio paNa hatI. ethI tyAM hiraharanI sahiyArI AratI thatI. jemake

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28 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 jaya hariharA, vibhu jaya harihA vaikuMThe vase vizvabhara, zivajI kailAse kamaLanayana kezavane, zivajIne trinayanA kaustubhamaNi kezavane, zivajIne rUMDhamALA pada nAnuM kAvyasvarUpa hovA chatAM emAM kathAo paNa kahevAtI. evI kathAomAM kAM to eka ja ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa hoya athavA ghaTanA paraMparA kramika rIte nirUpI hoya. eka ja ghaTanAnuM kathana hoya evAM padomAM narasiMha mahetAnI hUMDI, kRSNanI bALalIlA, ityAdi AvatAM. kyAreka paurANika kathAomAM kavi potAnuM umeraNa karato. jema ke haragovananI kRSNalIlAmAM kRSNa sAjAsamAM rahe te mATe jazodAe aMbAjInI bAdhA rAkhelI. tethI bAdhA utarAvavA e kRSNane aMbAjI laI jaIne tyAM vALa utarAve che, tenuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. jaina sAyomAM paNa kathAo AvatI. jemAM koI tyAgI puruSa ke muninA jIvanaprasaMganuM Alekhana thayuM. jemake, labdhavijayajInI IlAyacI putranI sajjayamAM ilAyacajIe kevA saMjogomAM vairAgya upajavAthI dIkSA lIdhI te darzAvAyuM che. evI saMkhyAbaMdha kathApradhAna sarjAyo maLe che. kyAreka kathApradhAna sarjAyomAM saMvAdazailI apanAvAI hoya che. jema ke bhojalanA "kAcabAkAcabInA bhajanamAM kAcabAnI uktithI AraMbha thayo che - kaLakaLamAM kAcabI kUDI, rAmaiyAnI rIta che rUDI. AkhuM pada kAcabAkAcabI'nA saMvAdanA rUpamAM che. madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM AvA aneka saMvAdanAM pado maLe che. narasiMhanA lokapracalita "nAgadamana'nA padamAM paNa nAgiNa ane kRSNano saMvAda ja AdithI aMta sudhI che. saMvAdanI jema bIjI rIti AtmakathananI hatI. dayArAmanuM ghaNuM jANItuM padazyAma raMga samIpe na jAvuM mAre Aja thakI zyAma raMga samIpe na jAvuM - ema gopInA AtmakathanathI zarU thAya che. AkhuM pada enuM Atmakathana ja che. lokasAhityamAM paNa saMvAda ane svagatoktizailInAM pado maLe che. nIcenA lokagItamAM eka saMtAnavihIna strI, saMtAnavALA gharanAM ramaNIya citro eka pachI

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 29 eka rajU karI potAnI karuNasthiti asarakArakatAthI vyakta karatI darzAvAI che. e kahe che - lIvuM ne gaMDuM mAruM AMgaNuM pagalIno pADanAra dhone rannAde vAMjhiyA meNAM mADI dohyalAM pANIDAM bharIne UbhI rahI cheDAno jhAlanAra ghone rannAde - vAMjhiyAM. dhoyo ne dhapholo mAro sALuDo khoLAno khuMdanAra dhone rannAde - vAMjhiyAM. nIcenA lokagItamAM AraMbhanI be paMktiomAM kavie bhUmikA bAMdhI che. ane pachI AkhuM kAvya pati ane patnInA saMvAdarUpe rajU thayuM che. samapaMktimAM patnInI ukti che. to viSama paMktimAM patinI : laviMga kerI lAkaDIye rAme sItAne mAryA jo phUla kere daDuliye sItAe vera vALyAM jo. patnI, patine kahe che : rAma tamAre bolaDiye, huM paraghera daLavA jaIza jo to pati, ene vaLato uttara Ape che. tame jazo jo paraghera daLavA, huM ghaMTulo thaIza jo. ema saMvAda AgaLa cAle che. padanuM sauthI agatyanuM aMga dhruvapada ke TekanI paMkti che. thoDe thoDe aMtare je paMkti pharI pharI gavAtI te TekanI paMkti kahevAtI. AkhI paMktine badale keTalIkavAra thoDA zabdanuM ja punaruccAraNa thatuM tyAre e zabdo dhruvapada kahevAtA. jaina kavio TekanI paMktine AMkaNI paNa kahetA. ghaNIvAra TekanI paMktimAM ja mukhya vicAra Avato hoya che. pachInI paMktimAM to mukhya vicAra vyakta karavA draSTAnto ja ApyAM hoya che, jema ke narasiMhanAM padamAM pahelI paMktimAM vicAra rajU karyo che. sukhaduHkha manamAM na ANIe, ghaTa sAthe re ghaDiyAM' pachInI paMktimAM enA samarthanamAM harizcandra, rAma, naLa vagerenAM draSTAnto ApyAM che. A kAraNe TekanI paMkti athavA dhruvapada, ghaNAM coTadAra hovAM joIe. narasiMhanA

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30 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 akhila brahmAMDamAM eka tuM zrIhari', prItamanA pada 'harino mAraga che zUrAno, nahi kAyaranuM kAma jone' jevAM padonI ardhI saphaLatA enI dhruvapadanI pasaMdagImAM rahelI che. TekanI paMkti dareka padamAM hovI joIe evo niyama nathI, paNa TekanI paMkti re dhruvapadavALAM pado ane TekanI paMkti ke dhruvapada vinAnAM padomAM pharaka e che ke dhruvapada vinAnAM padomAM prAsa jaLavAyA hoya che. jyAre TekanI paMktivALAM padomAM TekanI paMkti ja prAsanI rajUAta pUrI kare che. tema chatAM TekanI paMkti paNa hoya ane prAsa paNa jaLavAyA hoya evAM pado paNa maLe che : jema ke - rUmajhUma nAde ne nepUra bAje, jhAMjharano jhamakAra re tAlItAla mRdaMga dhUne nAce, karikiMkaNI raNakAra re - rUmajhUma, Ama narasiMhanA samayathI dayArAmanA samaya sudhI (ane Aje paNa) padano pravAha akhaMDa vahyo jAya che. A samayagALAmAM aneka navAM kAvyasvarUpo pragaTyAM ane vikasyAM. paNa tethI padane kazI AMca AvI nathI. kAraNake bhinnabhinna ruci ane saMpradAyanA lokone nija nija bhAvAbhivyaktine AlekhavAno emAM pUrato avakAza raheto. padamALA, kathanapradhAna UrmikAvyomAM eka pada kathana mATe TUMkuM paDavAthI vastu eka padamAMthI aneka padamAM vistaravA lAgyuM. vaLI sAmAnyajanane bhajananI eka dhUna athavA eka ja padamAM AvatI harizcandra, naLa vagerenI nAmAvalithI, ke eka nAnA padamAM samAI zake evI kathAthI saMtoSa na thAya, tethI bhAgavata, anya purANo ane narasiMhanA jIvanamAMthI prasaMgo laIne pado dvArA kathA kahevAnI rIta amalamAM AvI ane e rIte padamAMthI padamALAnuM svarUpa vikasyuM. narasiMhe ja "sudAmAcarita', hAramALA' jevI padamALAo racI che ane kathAnA nirUpaNa mATe padanuM svarUpa phAvatuM hovAthI eNe paurANika kathAnA nirUpaNa mATe padonI zRMkhalA racI ane prasaMgo badalAtA jAya te sAthe DhALa paNa badalAtA jAya evI yojanA karI. e rIte padamALAnuM svarUpa uddabhavyuM, narasiha pachI AkhyAnakavi premAnaMde bhramarapacIzI' padamALA A rIte racI che. premasakhI premAnaMda kRta 'tulasIvivAha paNa A svarUpanuM kAvya che. purANamAMthI kathAvastu lIdhuM hoya to paNa kavi emAM pheraphAro karI zakato. kathAnA vastunirUpaNanI draSTie vicAratAM keTalAMkamAM pratyeka pade vastuno vikAsa thayo hoya che. ethI kAvya suzRMkhalita lAge che. jyAre anya prakAranI padamALAomAM vastuno vaNATa phIso najare paDe che. emAMnAM ghaNAM padono kathAnA vikAsamAM kazo

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 31 phALo nathI hoto. premAnaMdanuM bhramarapacIsI', premAnaMdasvAmInuM 'tulasIvivAha' e zithila baMdhavALI racanAo che. jyAre narasiMhanuM "sudAmAcarita' ke 'zAmaLazAno vivAha draDhabaMdhavALI racanAo che. A be sivAya eka trIjA prakAranI pada padamALA che je mahinA tathA tithinI padamALA che. jemAM pratyeka virahamAsanuM, ke tithinuM varNana ekaeka padamAM karyuM hoya che ane pratyeka mAse ke tithie viyogavyathA tIvratara banatI jAya che, ane aMta tarapha AvatAM e bhAva parAkASTAe pahoMce che. A padamALAnA svarUpane durgAzaMkara zAstrIe khaMDakAvyanI saMjJA ApI che, 10 jyAre ke. ha. dhruve ene AkhyAnanI saMjJA ApI che"1 paNa A svarUpa khaMDakAvya tema ja AkhyAnathI taddana bhinna che. jo ke khaMDakAvyanI jema AraMbhamAM, mukhya prasaMgane anurUpa bhUmikA, bhAvavaividhya, bhAvAnurUpa chaMdaparivartana, AlekhAyelA prasaMgonuM eka mukhya prasaMga tarapha DhaLaNa, evAM keTalAMka tattvo khaMDakAvya ane padamALAmAM samAna hovA chatAM e khaMDakAvya nathI. AkhyAna tathA padamALAmAM kathAtattva, dhArmika uddeza, rasavaividhya, maMgaLAcaraNa ane phaLazruti eTalAM tattvo samAna hovA chatAM e AkhyAna paNa nathI. padamALAno AraMbha iSTadevanA stavana ke maMgaLAcaraNathI thato. khaMDakAvyamAM jema prasaMga ke bhAva badalAtAM chaMda badalAya che tevI rIte keTalIka padamALAmAM pratyeka padanA rAgo badalAya che. khaMDakAvyanI jema ja bhAvavaividhya, ane mukhya bhAva ke prasaMga tarapha dorI jatA bIjA prasaMgo padamALAmAM hoya che. vaLI khaMDakAvyanA kavi bhAvAnukULa vAtAvaraNa sarjavA prakRtivarNanano uddIpanavibhAva tarIke upayoga karatA, tevo ja prakRtino upayoga bAramAsI"nI padamALAmAM thayelo hoya che. tema chatAM 'sudAmAcarita' jevI padamALAne khaMDakAvya kahI zakAya nahIM, paraMtu jo kaDavAMne AkhyAnanuM Avazyaka aMga na mAnIe tathA maMgaLAcaraNa, ISTadevastuti vagerene anAvazyaka mAnIe ane prakRtivarNanane binajarUrI mAnIe to kadAca "sudAmAcaritra jevI kRtine AkhyAnanI najIka mUkI zakAya. padamALAno jIvana joDeno saMbaMdha vicAratAM bhaktanA jIvanane AlekhatI padamALAmAM samakAlIna jIvananuM yathArtha pratibiMba jhIlAyuM hoya che. narasiMhaviSayaka padamALAomAM nAgarajAtinI IrSA, saMkIrNa manodazA, anyanI kaphoDI sthiti joIne rAjI thavAnI kumati vagere pratItikara rIte darzAvAI che. eka daSTie joIe to zAmaLazAno vivAha tathA motIrAmakRta "narasiMhanA pitAnuM zrAddha' kAvyomAM vArtAnuM kendra nAgarI vAta che. narasiMhakRta 'hAramALAmAM vividha saMpradAyanA loko vacce nA vaimanasyanuM citraNa che. premasakhI premAnaMda kRta 'tulasIvivAhamAM tatkAlIna

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32 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 lagnasamAraMbhamAM gavAtAM gIto, tathA rItiravAjo viSenI mAhitI maLe che. A pramANe padamALAmAM Rtuparivartanane lIdhe lokonI jIvanarItimAM thatA pheraphAro darzAvAtA, tema ja samAjacitraNa paNa thatuM, tema ja prakRtivarNanane pUro avakAza raheto. padamALAno 2draSTie vicAra karatAM prathama eka ja rasanuM jemAM nirUpaNa thayuM hoya ane e rasano kramika vikAsa darzAvAyo hoya tevI mahinAnI padamALA tathA premAnaMdanI 'bhramarapaccIsI' jevI racanAo che. e prakAranI padamALAmAM premAnaMda, mANikyavijaya ratnezvara, rAmaiyA, tathA dvArako, vagerenuM yogadAna che, bIjA prakAranI padamALAmAM eka ja rasanuM nirupaNa hoya paNa rasa parAkASTAe pahoMcato na hoya ane kAvyamAM sAdyaMta rasano pravAha samathala hoya enI tithinI ke rAvaNa maMdodarI, ke rAdhA ane gopIkRSNanA saMvAdanI padamALAo, tathA aDhAra pApasthAnanI sajjAya', 'ziyaLanI navatADa', 'tulasIvivAha' jevI padamALAo che. trIjA pravAhamAM 'zAmaLazAno vivAha' jevI padamALAo, ke jemAM eka mukhya rasa hoya ane tene poSanArA bIjA AnuSaMgI raso hoya, tathA 2sasaMkramaNa sahaja rIte thayuM hoya tevI kRtio che. bAramAsIno prakAra eTalo lokapriya hato ke, jaina kavi mANikyasuMdare, rAjimatInA virahanI bAramAsI racI che. rAjimatInA neminAthanI rAha jue che. rAmabhakta rAmaiyo sItAnA virahanI bAramAsI 2ce che, emAM sItA jANe gharamAM beThI hoya, proSitabhartRkAnA niyamo pALatI hoya, ane rAma paradeza gayA che tenI rAha jotI hoya evI rItanuM nirUpaNa thayuM che, bAra mahinAmAM eka vakhata paNa azokavATikA ke rAvaNano ullekha nathI. bAramAsa pUrA thavA Ave che tyAre ekAeka kavine bhAsa thAya che ke A sItAnA bAramAsa che, eTale Aso mAse pAja bAMdhyAno ullekha Ave che. rAjenI bAramAsInI padamALA tathA IndrAvatI evA nAmathI kAvyaracanA karanAra prANanAthanI virahanI bAramAsI' bhAvAbhivyakti tathA zailImAryane kAraNe vizeSa noMdhapAtra lAge che. zRMgA2 pachI karuNarasanI padamALA je bhramarapaccIsI','virahagItA', 'uddhavagItA' vagere nAmothI oLakhAya che temAM kRSNanA gokuLathI mathurA javAne kAraNe naMda, jazodA, tathA gopIono jhUrApo nirUpAyo che. temane sAMtvana ApavA kRSNa uddhava dvArA jJAnano saMdeza pAThave che. e prasaMga bhAgavatamAM nathI, paNa madhyakAlIna kavitAmAM bhramaragItA' e nAmathI pracalita karavAmAM Avyo. emAM gopIonI virahanI tIvra vedanA bhramarane uddezIne uccArAyalI emanI vakroktio che, e kAraNathI bhramaragItA' ke 'bhramarapaccIsI' nAma apAyuM. samaya jatAM bhramaranuM

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 33 pAtra anivArya na rahetAM, ane bhramarane upAlaMbha ApIne kRSNane e vacano pahoMcADavAne badale gopIo sIdhesIdho ja upAlaMbha potAnI vedanAsahita uddhava mAraphata kahevaDAve che. ethI bhramaragItAne badale "rasikagItA' (bhIma); 'virahagItA prItama); 'virahagItA' (rAja); ityAdi nAmo kavioe ApyAM che. emAM keTalIka padamALAo kaDavAMbaddha che, paNa e kaDavAM padakalpa che, eTalAM TUMkA che, tathA AkhyAnanAM kaDavAMthI eTalAM bhinna che ke eno samAveza padamALAmAM ja karavo paDe. premAnaMdanI "bhramarapaccIsI'mAM pacIsa Urmisabhara pado che. uddhava jyAre jJAnano upadeza Ape che tyAre jazodA kahe che - amo ajJAnInAM mana kALo kAmaLo re, tene caDhe nA bIjo raMga, ke pahelI zyAmatA re guNahIna govALiyA loka, jJAna nathI pAmatA re. gopI kRSNane maheNAM mAre che, ne kaTAkSa karatAM karatAM kubbAnI IrSA vyakta karatAM kahe che - gAmamAM pesatAM kanyA pAmyo, coLavI paDI nA pIThI re, vara kALo ne kanyA khoDI, loka hasAvA maThI re. behadeva, bhIma, prItama, muktAnaMda, rAje vageree racelI A bhramayukta ke bhramarahita gItAnAmI padamALAomAM rAjenI 'virahagItA', bhAvAbhivyakti tathA racanA draSTie vadhu AkarSaka che. karuNa pachI zAntarasanI padamALAo viSe vicAratAM emAM vipralaMbha ke karuNanA mahinAo athavA gItAnAmI padamALAonI jema jJAnanA mahinAnI padamALA Ave che. jJAnanA mahinAnI jema jJAnanI tithinI paNa padamALAo che. jJAnanA mahinAnI padamALAomAM pratyeka mahine jIvane upadeza Apelo hoya che. emAM eka mahinAnA upadezane bIjA mahinAnA upadeza joDe kazo saMbaMdha hoto nathI. tema ja jJAnanA uttarottara vikAsano kazo krama paNa hoto nathI. jema ke bhojo enA jJAnamAsanI zarUAta A pramANe kare che - jIva kAratake karanI vicAra, kenI kyAMthI AvI mahAmuktAmaNi manuSyadeha ze puNya pAmIo. A kathanane game te mAsamAM mUkI zakAya, prItamanI jJAnanI bAramAsImAM dareka

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 pada sAkhIthI zarU thAya che. maMgaLAcaraNamAM gurustuti che. kAratakathI bAramAsInI zarUAta thAya che. kAratakamAM ajJAna che. mAgazare maraNano bhaya, ne mAyAnI mohinImAM na phasAvAnI jIvane cetavaNI che. poSamAM kartAhartA hira che e bhAna kavi karAve che. e rIte emAM kazI kramabaddhatA nathI. e kavinI anya bAramAsImAM maMgaLAcaraNa nathI ke sAkhIthI AraMbha paNa thayo nathI. 34 jJAnamAsanI jema jJAnanI tithinI padamALA paNa racAyelI che. emAM kevaLa upadezane badale brahmajJAna prAptino krama darzAvelo hoya che. tethI e padamALAne zuddha jJAnanI padamALA kahI zakAya. emAM paDavApratipadA)thI AraMbha thAya che ane pUrNimAthI eno anna Ave che. dAmodarAzramanI jJAnanI tithimAM paDavAthI zarUAta thaI che. paNa ekAdazI AvatAM jIva caitanya eka thayuM. 'brahmasvarUpa bhAsyuM' ema kahyuM che eTale AgaLa javAno mArga avarodhAya che, ne pUrNimA sudhI AvatAM kavine muzkelI paDe che. udayaratnakRta ziyaLanI navavADa, ke javijayajIkRta 'aDhAra pApasthAnanI sajjAya'mAM sIdho ja upadeza Apyo che. prathama padamALAmAM zIlavAna puruSoe kyAM kyAM nava tattvothI dUra rahevuM joIe te kahyuM che to bIjAmAM aDhAra pApasthAnonAM nAma jaNAvI teno tyAga karavA jaNAvyuM che. vastudraSTie padamALAnI vicAraNA karatAM prathama kathAno prakAra Ave che. narasiMhakRta zAmaLazAno vivAha', 'hAramALA', motIrAmakRta, 'narasiMhanA pitAnuM zrAddha' kathApradhAna padamALAo che. emAM narasiMha eka pAtra hovA chatAM, nAyaka to kRSNa ja che, kAraNa e ja sakriya hoya che. e padamALAo bhaktanI lAja rAkhavA kRSNa je camatkAro kare che te ja kendravartI prasaMga che emAM kRSNa ja sAdyaMta sakriya che. keTalIka padamALAomAM kendravartI prasaMganI pUrvenI pArzvabhUmi ApI hoya che. narasiMhanA zAmaLazAno vivAha'mAM prAraMbhanA zAmaLazAnA vivAhapUrvenI pArzvabhUmi ApI che. narasiMhanA 'sudAmAcarita'mAM jadupatinAtha te mitra che tamataNA' evI sudAmApatnInI uktithI kAvyAraMbha thAya che. motIrAmakRta 'narasiMhanA pitAnuM zrAddha'mAM paNa pArzvabhUmi vinA sIdho ja kAvyAraMbha thAya che. narasiMhanI kRSNalIlA'nI padamALAmAM maMgaLAcaraNa che. pachI tarata ja kathAnuM mAhAtmya jaNAvyuM che. pachI kathAnI zarUAta thAya che. kathanapradhAna padamALAmAM kavi potAne manaphAvatuM umeraNa karI zakato. 'zAmaLazAno vivAha'mAM narasiMha dvArakAmAM kRSNane tyAM atithi thaIne rahyo tyAre

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 35 kRSNa enuM kevuM bhAvabhInuM svAgata karyuM tenuM cAra pado sudhI laMbANathI varNana karyuM che. padamALAmAM bhojanasAmagrI vastrAbhUSaNa ityAdinAM varNano paNa sArA pramANamAM AvatAM. keTalIka padamALAmAM kathA sugrathita hoya che. jyAre keTalIkamAM kathAno vaNATa phIso hoya che. narasiMhanuM "sudAmAcaritra sughaTTa kathAprasaMgonI gUMthaNIno prakAra che. jyAre narasiMhanI hAramALA' e zithila vaNATavALI kRti che. emAM keTalAMka pado evAM che jeno kAvyanA vastu joDe sIdho saMbaMdha nathI. sugrathita padamALAo TUMkI hoya che. kAraNa ke emAM kavinuM lakSya mAtra kathAnakanA ja prastutIkaraNa tarapha hoya che. hAramALA' jevI padamALAmAM padonA rAga ApyA hoya che. ane bhAvaparivartana sAthe rAga paNa badalAya che. padamALAmAM saMvAdanuM svarUpa paNa pracalita hatuM. e kathanarItinI padamALAmAM premAnaMdanI "bhramarapaccIsI' sivAya anya padamALAmAM kavi vacce Avato nathI, ne pAtrone ja bolavA de che. raghunAthadAsanI padamALAmAM moTebhAge rAdhAnI ukti che ane rAdhAkRSNano saMvAda che. jemAM kuzaLatAthI bannenA vyaktitvane darzAvyuM che. raNachoDanI "rAvaNamaMdodarI saMvAdanI padamALAnI racanA judA prakAranI che. prathama cAra padomAM maMdodarInI vinaMti tathA rAvaNano uttara che. pAMcamA, chaThThA, sAtamA ane AThamA padamAM anukrame rAmalakSmaNano, rAvaNano ane dUtano saMvAda che. aMtima be padomAM rAvaNa ane maMdodarIno saMvAda che. zarUAtanAM cAra padomAM rAvaNamaMdodarIno saMvAda rAma setu bAMdhIne AvyA nathI tyArano che. jyAre aMtima be padono saMvAda rAma sainya laIne AvyA te samayano che. paNa A badalAyelI paristhitithI rAvaNamaMdodarI ajANa hoya ema lAge che, kAraNa maMdodarInuM pAtra atyaMta saMvedanazIla che. enI vANI pahelAnAM be pado jevI ja che.bhAIzaMkarakRta lakSmIpArvatIno saMvAda bhinna prakArano che. lakSmI pArvatIne tyAM besavA jAya che, tyAM banne saMskAravihIna strIonI jema atyaMta halakI bhASAmAM gALAgALI kare che. A rIte padamAMthI padamALAno uddabhava thayo ane e svarUpa vikasyuM. prAraMbhika padamALAo jotAM jyAM vastu kathanapradhAna hatuM tyAM padamALAnI racanA thaI paNa AkhyAnanA svarUpano vikAsa thatAM padamALAnAM vaLatAM pANI thayAM. garabo-garabI garabo ane garabI banne saMghanRtyanA prakAro che. nRtya karatAM karatAM je gIto gavAtAM

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36 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 te garabo ane garabI kahevAyAM. banne navarAtrIne samaye TheraThera gavAtAM. banne zaktiutsava joDe saMkaLAyelAM hatAM. garabA navarAtrIne samaye gavAtA hatA teno ullekha mahinAnAM kAvyomAM thayo che. premAnaMdanI bAramAsImAM Aso mahinAno ullekha AvatAM kahyuM che : nava re divasa navarAtrInA gorI garabA gAya. ratnezvara ane raNachoDa bhaktanAM bAramAsamAM paNa navarAtrImAM garabA gAvAno ullekha che. garabI viSe dalapatarAme kahyuM che - "gujarAtanAM zahero ane gAmaDAMmAM Aso mahinAnA pahelA pakSamAM navarAtrImAM) te gavAya che. Ama garabo-garabI bane navarAtrInA zaktiutsava joDe saMkaLAyelAM hatAM. garabo ane garabI mULa to svarUpadarzI nAma nathI paNa vastudarzI nAma che. garabo eTale jemAM chidra pADyAM hoya evo mATIno ghaDo je garabo kahevAyo; ane dIvo pragaTAvavAnI lAkaDAnI ghoDIne garabI nAma apAtuM. enI AsapAsa vartuLAkAre pharatAM pharatAM je gIto gavAtAM te pachIthI garabo ane garabI kahevAyAM. kRtinuM oLakhanuM AMtaamANa ApaNane garabAmAM maLI rahe che. jyAre garabImAM maLatuM nathI. garabo pUla svarUpano hovAthI, e vistAravALo hovAthI emAM maMgaLAcaraNa, phaLazruti vagere hoya che. ane phaLazrutimAM e kRti garabo che evo ullekha Ave che. jayAre garabI laghurUpa hovAthI emAM e badhA mATe avakAza raheto nathI. garabInuM baMdhAraNa ane tenI racanA atyaMta suzliSTa hoya che. emAM eka ja Urmi ke eka ja prasaMganuM nirUpaNa zakya che. A uparAMta garabA ane garabImAM eka mahattvanuM pArthakya e che ke puruSo gAya te garabI ane strIo gAya te garabo'ema jhaveracaMda meghANIe kahyuM che. sAme pakSe garabo puruSa gAya ane garabI strIo gAya evA lokagItanA garabAmAM AMtaamANo maLI rahe che. DolararAya mAMkaDa kahe che, "Aje paNa taLa gujarAtamAM navarAtrimAM gavAya tene garabA kahe che. saurASTramAM navarAtrimAM gavAya tene garabI kahe che. hoya che to enuM e ja vastu, enAM e ja kAvyo, paNa nAma paratve bane pradezamAM Avo taphAvata che.15 A badhuM darzAve che ke garabAgarabIno gAnAranI draSTie paNa bheda pADavAmAM Avyo garabA ane garabIno mULa saMbaMdha devIbhakti joDe hovA chatAM dhImedhIme eno vistAra thatAM viSNu tathA kRSNabhaktino viSaya paNa emAM AvarI levAyo. tema ja lokagItomAM tathA vallabha bhaTanA "kaLikALano garabo', 'kajoDAMno garabo' tathA lokagItonI garabImAM samAjanI samasyAonuM nirUpaNa thatuM gayuM, ethI sAmAjika

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 37 jIvananAM citrone bhakti joDe sAMkaLI levAmAM AvyAM. dA.ta. "kaLikALano garabo ane "kajoDAMno garabo'mAM Ama to vRddha patinI juvAna patnInI durdazA darzAvAI che, paNa e yuvatI goramAne saMbodhIne varNave che, ane aMtamAM e goramAne samartha dhaNI ApavA vinavaNI kare che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa sahune mATe evI yAcanA kare che. kRSNanA yugamAM paNa kavitAmAM samakAlIna samAjanuM AropaNa thayuM che. jema ke dayArAmanI zIkha sAsujI de che re vahunI raMge-DhaMge' e garabImAM ke rAjenI bolI UThyAM bAIjI vahuAru re.AvaDI kyAM lAgI vAra e nava sAruM remAM gopI ane enI sAsuno saMvAda che. temAM samakAlIna raMga che - lokagItonI garabImAM nirbheLa samAjadarzana karAvAyuM hoya che. meMdI te vAvI mALave eno raMga gayo gujarAta ke "mAro garabo re rame rAjane darabAra, ramato ramato re gayo kuMbhArIne dvAra' ityAdimAM samAjadarzana karAvAyuM hoya che. ema kahI zakAya ke, vastudRSTie vicAratAM bhaktino mULa uddeza lakSamAM rAkhI bhaktimAMthI kramazaH vyavahAra tarapha saMkramaNa thatuM gayuM. ane garabAgarabInA svarUpa dvArA grAmajanatAnI vividha samasyAo tathA bhAvasaMvedano e svarUpamAM vyakta thatAM gayAM. garabAgarabIno rasadRSTie vicAra karatAM prathama zRMgAra laIe. kAraNa ke A prakAranAM kAvyomAM zRMgArane uddIpana ane vyabhicArI bhAvonAM vaividhyano pUrNa lAbha maLe che. garabAmarabInA zRMgAramAM mukhya pAtro kRSNa ane rAdhA ke gopIo hoya che. garabA moTebhAge zaktibhakti sAthe saMkaLAyelA hovA chatAM emAM rAdhAkRSNa ane gopInI praNayalIlA vividha rIte varNavAtI. jema ke "AMkha mIcAmaNIno garabo', 'rAsano garabo', "candrAvalino garabo', zRMgArakIDAnAM nAyakanAyikA vizeSe karIne rAdhA ane kRSNa ja hoya che. emAM kAM to bemAMthI eka jaNanI Atmokti hoya che athavA banneno saMvAda hoya che, kyAreka kRSNa rAdhAne khuza karavA enI prazaMsA kare che. e rAdhAne kahe che - mAre TharavAno ThAma eka tArI jAtaDI jo rAtadivasa dhyAna tAruM manamAM jo nidrA thAtAM tane dekhuM chuM svapnamAM jo mArI rasanA rAdhAraTaNa mUkatI nathI jo. kyAreka vAMsaLI piyunuM adharAmRta pIe che te mATe rAdhA enI IrSA kare che. vallabha bhaTanA "satabhAmAno garabo'mAM pArijAtanuM puSpa kRSNa rUkmiNIne ApyuM tethI sabhAmAM chaMcheDAI che. kRSNane kahe che -

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38 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 jANajo mUI satabhAmAya, karI mana vALajo re lola pApI pitA amAro aMdha ke laMpaTa lAviyo re lola. Ama ISya, kaTAkSa, rUsaNuM e badhAM dvArA kRSNa mATeno eno prema vyakta thayo che. joke Ama karavA jatAM devI pAtrone sAmAnya jevAM darzAvatAM emanuM devatva jaLavAtuM nathI. garabAgarabImAM zRMgArakIDAnuM sthAna panaghaTa hoya che. rAdhA tathA gopIo, pANI bharavA jAya, tyAre beDuM mAthe caDhAvavA koInI madada joIe. e samaye kRSNa tyAM hAjara hoya, ene gopIo beDuM caDhAvavA kahe tyAre kRSNa aTakacALAM kare ane e rIte zRMgAralIlAnI zarUAta thAya. enAM thokabaMdha draSTAnto garabImAM maLe che. dayArAmanI garabI tathA lokagItamAM panaghaTalIlAnAM ramya draSTAnto maLe che. vallabhanA "AMkhamIMcAmaNAno garabomAM saMbhogazRMgAranuM paNa nirUpaNa thayuM garabAgarabImAM vipralaMbha zRMgAranuM nirUpaNa kRSNa gokuLa choDIne mathurA gayA, ethI rAdhA ane gopI kevAM jhare che, tenA nirUpaNa dvArA maLe che. lokasAhityanA garabAmAM gokuLiyAnuM AkraMda darzAvatAM sArathIne ratha pAcho vALavA mATe kahyuM che - hAM re phero gokuLa rathavALA hAM re tame naMda jazodAnA lAla gAyuM re talakhe ne vAcharuM re talakhe talakhe gopa bicArA ahIM samagra gokuLanI karaNa dazA kavie tAdaza karAvI che. vallabha bhaTTa enA "kajoDAMno garabomAM vRddha sAthenA lagnane pariNAme bAlikAvadhUnI karuNadazA nAyikA dvArA asarakAraka rIte varNavI che. e goramAne potAnI karuNatA jaNAve che. eTale sAmAjika garabAmAM paNa bhaktinuM tattva jaLavAyuM che. addabhutarasa mAtra garabAmAM ja nirUpAyo che. emAM devInA camatkAro, tathA kRSNanA bAlyajIvananA camatkAro nirUpAyA che. "mahAkALIno garabo'mAM patAI rAvaLa mAtA para kudRSTi karI tethI mAtAe ApelA zApanuM varNana che. jo ke camatkAra poSe che to bhaktirasane. raNachoDanA caMDIpAThamAM mahiSAsura, zuMbha-nizuMbha ane devI, e traNeyanI mAyAnuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. rAkSasonAM lohInAM TIpAmAMthI bIjA rAkSasonI utpatti, devInA kopamAMthI aMbikAno janma, mahiSAsura kuMjara thayo, devIe kuMjarane

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 39 vIMdhyo, eTale kuMjaramAMthI puruSa pragaTyo, puruSane mAratAM temAMthI bheMsArUpa thayuM, vagere addabhuta prasaMgo kavie AlekhyA che. Ama addabhuta rasa vizeSe devI ane asuronI mAyAnuM Alekhana laIne darzAvAyo che. devI ane asuronA yuddhakauzala dvArA garabAmAM vIrarasanI jamAvaTa thatI hoya che. raNachoDakRta "caMDIpAThamAM je yuddhavarNana che temAM ghaTanAonI tvaritagati tathA banne pakSonI yuddha karavAnI nipuNatA darzAvI rasajamAvaTa thaI hoya che. vallabha bhaTTanA dhanuSadhArIno garabo'mAM bhaMDAsura ane dhanAdevInuM yuddha asarakAraka rIte varNavAyuM che. madhyakAlIna kavitAmAM vIrarasanA nirUpaNamAM, bane pakSo samAna zaktizALI darzAvAtA ke jethI zrotAono rasa jaLavAI rahe. lokasAhityanI vIrarasanI garabImAM "sonala garAsaNInI garabI patnI premaarthe vIratva darzAvatI ananya kahI zakAya evI garabI che. sonala garAsaNI vivAhitA che. e sahiyaro joDe ramatI hatI tyAM musalamAnoe ene pakaDI, e prasaMgathI garabIno AraMbha thAya che. rastAmAM dAdAno deza Avyo. eNe jANyuM ke dAdA choDAvaze, paNa dAdAe to pakaDanArAone gAyo ApI chUTakAro meLavyo. kAkAe khADuM ApyuM. to ye na chUTI. bhAIe vacherAM ApyAM, paNa e na chUTI tyAM enA svAmIno deza Avyo. eNe - tyAre svAmIe dIdhI mAthA kerI moLayuM jo mAthA kerI moLayuM jo dhaDAke chUTI sonala garAsaNI. meghANI kahe che, ke A gIta ApaNA pauruSane romAMcita kare che, kAraNa ke emAM potAnI strIne choDAvavA mATe mAthAnuM moLayuM ApavA talavArabhera nIkaLatA puruSanA paDakArano dhaDAke vijaya thAya che." vallabha bhaTa kRta "AnaMdano garabo', dayArAmakRta "cAturIno garabo', vagere zAntarasanI racanAo che. e garabAo kAM to varNanapradhAna hoya che jemAM aMga ane vastrAbhUSaNanAM varNano Ave che. athavA upadezapradhAna hoya che. vastudraSTie garabAgarabIno vicAra karatAM emAM prathama varNana Ave che. devadevInAM aMganAM, AbhUSaNanAM tathA vastranAM varNano garabAmAM maLe che. e varNano pracalita praNAli anusAra hoya che. jema ke dADamanI kaLI jevA dAMta, popaTa jevuM nAka, paravALAM jevA hoTha ItyAdi. vastrAbhUSaNanAM varNanomAM tatkAlIna gujarAtamAM paherAtAM vastrAbhUSaNa viSenI mAhitI maLe che. "ArAsurano garabo'mAM devInI pUjAvidhinuM varNana che. jemAM pUjAvidhinI ekeeka vigata ApI che. prAdaprakSAlana,

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40 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 caMdanalepa, puSpasamarpaNa, abIla gulAlanAM chAMTaNAM, dhUpa, dIpa, naivedya, ItyAdino ullekha Ave che. varNananA garabAmAM bhANadAsanI gaganamaMDaLanI gAgaraDI garabI enA kalpanAvaibhavane mATe garabI sAhityamAM viziSTa sthAnanI adhikArI che. emAM sUryacandrano dIpaka karI, pRthvInuM koDiyuM banAvI, emAM sAta samudranAM jaLa jeTaluM tela pUrI, gaganane garabo banAvI, zeSanAganI IMDhoNI karI, tetrIsa koTi chidravALo aharniza jhaLahaLato ne amRta varSAvato garabo mAthe mUkIne ramatI Adyazakti bhavAnInuM je varNana che te kavinI kalpanA pratibhAnuM dyotaka che. varNana pachI kathA. kathA vizeSe karIne garabAmAM hoya che ane devInA asuro sAmenA yuddhaviSayaka hoya che. jemAM eNe asurone kevI rIte parAjita karIne saMhAryA tenI vigata hoya che. bIjI kathA atyaMta pracalita hatI. kAlikAe, enI para kudRSTi karanAra patAI rAvaLane zApa Apyo, ane e zApa kevI rIte phaLyo tenI kathA vallabha bhaTTa "mahAkALIno garabo'mAM AlekhI che. dayArAmanA "mohinI svarUpano garabo' tathA raNachoDajI divAnakRta "caMDIpAThamAM devIe daityane zI rIte saMhAryA te kathA muni suratharAjAne kahe che; to "dhanuSadhArIno garabomAM nAradanA pUchavAthI brahma deve kayA saMjogomAM dhanuSya dhAraNa karyuM tenI kathA kahe che. emAM paurANika kathAnA kathaka ane zrotA jALavI rAkhyA che. e zailInI dRSTie vizeSatA che. lokasAhityanI garabImAM paNa paurANika kathAone lokapracalita mAnyatAo anusAra rajU karI che. jema ke "rUDA rAmanI garabI'mAM rAmanI kathAne juduM svarUpa ApyuM che. emAM dazarathane kauzalyA tathA kaikeyI be ja rANIo hatI. dazarathano aMgUTho pAkelo, jene kauzalyAe mukhamAM dharyo eTale e phUTI gayo. kauzalyA kogaLA karavA gaI. dazaratha jAgyA tyAre kaikeyI sAme hatI. eTale emaNe mAnyuM ke enI sevAthI aMguTho phUTyo, eTale varadAna mAgavA kahyuM. tevI rIte eka kathApradhAna garabImAM devakIne jazodAnI bahena jaNAvI che. be jude jude ThekANe paraNAvelI baheno kUvA para pANI bharavA jAya che. tyAM jazodA devakIne pUche che ke e kema sUkAI che to devakI kahe che - meM to sAta jaNyAM ne hajI vAMjhiyAM re lola tyAre jazodAe kahyuM, tane kahAna janmaze, e vakhate mane teDaje. kahAnano janma thayo. mAsIne bolAvyAM. kahAna geDIe ramatA thayA. emanI geDI eka DosIne vAgI. teNe maheNuM mAryuM. "tArAM bApanAM hatAM te vera vALaje re lola' eTale kRSNa mAmAnI zodha calAvI -

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 41 sAMkaDI zerImAM mAmo sAmo maLyA re lola bhANeja dekhIne mAmo saMtAI gayA re lola ahIM pAtronAM nAma ja paurANika ja che. paurANika kathA joDe eno kazo saMbaMdha nathI. garabA garabIno racanAnI draSTie vicAra karatAM, emAM prathama saMvAda Ave che. sAdyanta saMvAda to phakata garabImAM ja hoya che. ne e saMvAda kaSNa ane gopI vacce hoya che. sthaLa panaghaTa hoya che. athavA dANane mATe rAdhA ke gopIo joDe kRSNa vAyuddhamAM Utare che. ane banne pakSonI vAkcAturInI harIphAI cAle che. jemAM aMte kaSNa ja jItatA hoya che. lokasAhityanI eka garabImAM rAjA ane bhIlaDIno saMvAda che. rAjA bhIlaDInA rUpa para mugdha thayo che, ane ene jAtajAtanAM pralobhano Ape che. jene bhIlaDI tucchakAre che. jema ke - tane rAjA bolAve raMga bhIlaDI mArI meDiyuM, jovA Avare - raMga bhIlaDI tArI meDiyuM joI huM zuM karuM mAre chAparAM savA lAkhanAM - raMga bhIlaDI pachI bheMso jovA bolAve che. tyAre enA pADA savAlAkha che ema kahe che. mUcho jovA bolAve che, tyAre bhIlaDI enAM pADAnAM pUchaDAM enAthI sArAM che ema kahe che. A saMvAdamAM banne pAtronA vyaktitvanI lAkSaNikatA supere darzAvAI che. saMvAda pachI saMdezanA svarUpa para AvatAM e svarUpa paNa phakta garabIomAM ja maLe che. kRSNa jazodA tathA gopIone uddhava dvArA jJAnano saMdezo mokale che. tyAre jazodA tathA gopIo kRSNane upAlaMbha Apato vaLato saMdeza kRSNane mokale che. gopI ane jazodAnA saMdezamAM emanI karuNa dazAnuM citra supere darzAvAyuM che. saMdezA pachI stutinA prakAra para AvatAM, garabA garabI bannemAM vividha devIdevatAnAM mahimAgAna hoya che. keTalIkavAra stutimAM kavione aucityanuM bhAna rahetuM nathI. vallabha bhaTTanA AnaMdano garabomAM devInI stuti karatAM viSNunA dazAvatAranuM AropaNa devImAM karyuM che. to jIvarAje "zaMkarastutimAM zaMkare draupadInAM navase navANuM cIra pUryA ema kahyuM che. garabAgarabInI racanAviSayaka carcA karatAM e lakSamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke banne saMghanRtyanAM svarUpo hovAne kAraNe ane saMghagAna hovAne lIdhe, enI racanA geyatAmUlaka hatI, ethI prAsa, yamaka, Teka, pAMdAnta athavA pAkanI madhyamAM "lola"

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42 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 jevAM pUrako, e badhAnuM emAM mahattvanuM sthAna che, pAdAne lola' bahudhA garabAmAM ja AvatuM. garabImAM e kvacita ja maLe che. zreSTha garabAkAra vallabha bhaTTa garabAmAM lolano prayoga karyo che. enI garabImAM lola' AvatuM nathI. dayArAmanI saMkhyAbaMdha garabIomAM pAdAne lola mAtra be ja garabImAM maLe che. A svarUpa sAthe rAsa ane rAsaDAnA prakArano paNa ullekha karavo joIe. rAsa ane rAsaDA bane saMghanRtyanA prakAro che. rAsa puruSo rame che. jyAre rAsaDA strIo rame che. rAsanA viSaya vizeSataH kRSNa ane gopIo joDe saMkaLAyelA hoya che. mULa to rAsaDAmAM paNa kRSNagIto hatAM. paNa pAchaLathI enuM anusaMdhAna sAmAjika ane kuTuMbajIvana joDe rahyuM. rAsa mukhyatve dAMDiyArAsa che. rAsaDA tAlInRtya che. rAsA A svarUpa mukhyatve jaina sAhityanuM hovAthI eno AraMbha tIrthakara ke tIrthakaronA vaMdanathI thato. ghaNuM karIne saghaLA tIrthakaronuM vaMdana karAtuM. e prAthamika vaMdana pachI sarasvatI ke anya koI devInI stuti paNa prAyaH sarve rAsAomAM thatI. bAramI sadImAM racAyelA prathama upalabdha rAsa zAlibhadrasUrikRta bharatezvara bAhubalirAsamAM prAraMbha RSabhadevanA putro nAyaka hovAthI RSabhadevane praNAma karI sarasvatInuM smaraNa karI kAbAraMbha karyo che. 14mI zatAbdImAM racAyelA samarArAsumAM paNa zarUAta Adizvara, badhA arihaMta ane pachI sarasvatI vaMdanAthI thAya che. 15mI zatAbdInA hIrANaMdasUri racita "vidyAvilAsa pavADo' mAM paNa prathama jinezvarane vaMdana karIne pachI sarasvatIcaMdana che. 16mI sadInA lAvaNyasamayaracita "vaccharAja devarAja rAsamAM 17mI sadImAM RSabhadeva kRta 'rUpacaMdakaMvararAsamAM paNa badhA sidhdhone caraNe namana karI pachI sarasvatIne vaMdana che. 18mI sadInA vinayavijayasUrinA zrIpAlarAsamAM pahelAM sarasvatI vaMdana che, ane pachI siddhacakrane vaMdana che, to e ja sadInA kuzaLalAbhanI mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA copAImAM phakta sarasvatI vaMdanAthI ja AraMbha karAyo che. A rIte pratyeka sadInA rAsAomAM ISTadevanA vaMdana ane sarasvatInA vaMdanathI AraMbha thato hoya che. rAsAnuM svarUpa kramaza: badalAtuM hovA chatAM A maMgaLAcaraNa to yathAvat rahyuM che. sarasvatI uparAMta kyAreka cakrezvarI ke aMbikAnuM stavana paNa AvatuM hoya che. paMdaramI sadI pachInA rAsAomAM to kathAmAM vAraMvAra pAtra muzkelImAM AvI paDatAM devInuM Agamana thatuM ane devI camatkAra karIne pAtranI muzkelI TaLatI, ahIM e noMdhavuM joIe ke maMgaLAcaraNa ke Izvara devastuti ne sarasvatI vaMdanAthI kAvyAraMbha e to samagra madhyakAlIna dIrghakAvyonI praNAli che.

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 43 AkhyAnakAvyomAM paNa maMgaLAcaraNathI AraMbha thayo che. jema rAsAonA AraMbhamAM tIrthaMkaranI vaMdanA AvatI tevI rIte kAvyAtte kavi potAnuM nAma, potAnA gurunuM nAma, grantharacyAsAla, phaLazruti vagere AvatAM. paMdaramI sadI pachInA rAsAomAM je dhArmika siddhAMtanA pratipAdinArthe rAsa racAto. te siddhAMtano paNa ullekha thato. sAmAnya rIte rAsAnA raciyatA moTe bhAge sAdhu hovAne kAraNe potAnA gurunuM nAma ApatA. RSabhadAsa sAdhu nahotA tethI emanA pitAnA nAmano ullekha kare che. bAramI zatAbdimAM racAyelA bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa'mAM kavie potAnuM nAma, racyA sAla, tithi, tathA vAra ApyAM che te racyA sAla nathI, paNa rAsAnA nAyaka samarasiMhe je sAlamAM je tithie, RSabhadevanI mUrtinI zetruMjaya para sthApanA karI, teno ullekha che. 15mI sadInA sAdhuhaMsakRta zAlibhadrarAsa'mAM paNa potAnA guruno paricaya, racyA sAla, mahino, tithi, vA2 tathA phaLazruti ApelAM che. soLamI sadImAM lAvaNyasamaye, vaccharAja devarAjarAsa'mAM potAno paricaya jarA judI rIte Apyo che. emAM kahyuM che - pahelo akSara lAbhano, bIjo bhavano jANI trIjo puNyavaMta bIjaluMe mAhataMDe Agala samaya kaveI Ama 'lA', 'va' ane 'Nya' e traNa potAnA nAmanA akSaro sUcavI pachI ene samaya lagADavAthI potAnuM nAma bane che ema jaNAvyuM che. e kALamAM samasyAnuM pracalana hatuM ane buddhinI parIkSA mATe samasyA aneka rAsAomAM prayukta thaI che, sattaramI sadImAM RSabhadAsa enA hIravijayasUriAsa'mAM AtmaparicayamAM samasyAno ja upayoga kare che. jema ke : caMda akhtara 'RSi' dharatI leha, meSa 'lA' taNo akhkhara bhava tamo zAlibhadrataNo nayanamo teha. kusuma dA' mano vedamobhaNe. vimala 'sa' hI akhkhara bANamo... Ama piMgaLanI paribhASA pramANe eka mATe caMda, bIjA mATe nayana, trIjA mATe bhavana, cothA mATe veda, ane pAMcamAM mATe bANa saMjJAno prayoga karyo che. Aja pirabhASA emaNe mahinA, vAra ane tithi mATe vAparI che. e kAraNe je traNa paMktimAM kahI zakAya te bAvIsa paMktimAM kahyuM che. A parathI 2AsAmAM vistAra zI rIte thato gayo teno khyAla Avaze. aDhAramI sadInA rAsAomAM phaLazruti

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44 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ke kavino paricaya praNAli anusAra apAyo che. rAsAonA aMtamAM kartAnuM nAma, racyA sAla, kavino Atmaparicaya e badhAmAM phaLazruti e mahattvano aMza hato, kAraNa ke ethI kartAnA vaktavyanI zrotAo 52 sacoTa asara thatI, ane sAmAnya kathAthI rAsAnI kathAne judo pADanAro e aMza hato. rAsAnuM trIjuM mahattvanuM aMga dharmopadeza che. samagra rAsAsAhitya, pachI e kathApradhAna hoya ke na hoya, paNa enuM dhyeya to dharmopadeza ApavAnuM hatuM. e upadeza ApavAnI rIta bhinna bhinna samaye bhinna bhinna hatI. paMdaramI sadI pUrvenA, ane pachInI sadIomAM racAyelA rAsAomAM je bheda hato, te dharmopadezanAM sAdhanano hato. paMdaramI sadInI pUrvenA rAsAomAM sIdho ja dharmopadeza Avato paNa pachInA rAsAomAM kyAreka sIdho to kyAreka pAtro dvArA ke prasaMganA nirUpaNa dvArA parokSa upadeza Apyo hoya che. I.1185mAM racAyelA vinayacandranA 'saptapadI rAsa'mAM maMgaLAcaraNa pachI sIdho upadeza che. kavi rAsa khelanArane ke pAThakane bAra vrata karavAnuM kahI, bAra vratanI yAdI Ape che. zAlibhadrasUriSkRta 'buddhirAsa' to sAdyanta upadezakAvya ja che. e ja kavinA 'bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa'mAM bharate emanA bhAI bAhubaline haNavA cakra mokalyuM, paNa cakra bharatanA ja gotrane haNatuM nathI tethI bharata vimAsaNamAM paDe che tyAre bAhubali kahe che, jA tuM jItyo, huM hAryo.' e zabdothI bharatanuM hRdayaparivartana thAya che ane ene ahiMsAnuM mAhAtmya samajAya che. 15mI sadInA lAvaNyasamayaracita vaccharAja devajarAjarAsa' mAM dayAnuM mahattva samajAvavA kathAnI racanA karI che evuM kavie spaSTataH kahyuM che. sattaramI sadImAM racAyelA darzanavijayanA premalAlAcchIrAsa'mAM kAvyAraMbhe zIlanuM mahattva samajAvavA kathAnI racanA karI che, te darzAvatAM kavi kahe che : zIla prabhAvi sukha ghaNuM, zIla sugati dAtAra * zIla adhikAra kavaI kavi, deva, guru, dharma pasAya caMdane sa2 mina dharI, rAsa racuM sukhadAya. A uparAMta Apatti samaye nAyikAne mukhe kavi uccArAve che - kaSTa paDI jo rAkhII, zIlataNI nija - Teka to jaMga kIrati vitaraI... Ama vastugUMthaNImAM, zrotAonA citta para zIlanI zakti sthApita karavAnuM

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 45 kavinuM lakSya che. soLamA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM nayasuMdare racelA 'rUpacaMdakuMvara rAsa'mAM jainadharmanI mahattA sthApita karatAM kahyuM che tattvadraSTie jotA hatA syAdavAda zuddha paMtha ava2 ekAntika mata jeTalA, mata tehi ja unmAda. e ja rAsamAM sarva dhArmika siddhAMtomAM ahiMsAne prathama sthAna ApyuM che. aDhAramI sadInA aMtamAM muni padmavijye racelA 'jyAnaMdakevalIrAsa'mAM darzAvyuM che ke jayAnaMda 52 devI hiMsaka humalo kare che. paNa jayAnaMda ahiMsaka rahIne navakA2 maMtra bhaNe che, pariNAme devIe hiMsAno tyAga karyo. e ja rAsanI aneka ADakathAomAM araNyavAsI jainamuninA prabhAvathI, mRga, sArasa vagere pazupakSIo samaktidhArI' thaIne jinavaranI ANa mAne che. ethI rAjAnA sauniko mRgayA 2mavA tyAM AvyA paNa koI paNa pazupakSIne ekapaNa tIra vAgyuM nahi. ahiMsAnI jema bIjo mahattvano siddhAMta karmavAdano che. satkarmonAM lAbhadAyI phaLo ane kukarmonAM mAThAM phaLo kathAmAM asarakAraka rIte darzAvI zakAya. soLamA saikAmAM nayasuMdare racelA 'surasuMdarIrAsa'mAM kavi pratyakSa rIte karmavAdano siddhAMta kevo mahattvano che, te samajAvatAM kahe che- karma vipAka na koI sakhAI, nAMkhe karma mahAbhavakhAI navarRpa kubaja sukhAra abhyAsI, hiracaMda vecAviyAM mAMhI kAzI. karme rAvaNa kAI zAbAzI, kaurava saMtati karme viNAsI jaina dharma IzvaramAM mAnato nathI, tethI karmaphaLanuM mahattva atyadhika che. jaina dharmagranthomAM kyAMya Izvarastuti AvatI nathI. ethI pAtra 52 jyAre duHkha paDe che, tyAre e ema mAne che, ke e enAM karmanuM phaLa che. eka draSTie rAsAnA lekhako pratyakSa rIte karmavAdano upadeza ApatA to anya pakSe karmanuM phLa darzAvavA pAtranA duHkhanuM kAraNa enA pUrvajanmanI karaNI che ema puravAra karavA pAtronA aneka pUrvajanmonI kathAo kahetA. paMdaramI sadI pachInA rAsAomAM vistAra mATe pUrvajanmanI kathAo paNa mahadaMze javAbadAra che. bANanI kAdaMbarImAM ane jAtakakathAomAM paNa pUrvabhavanI kathAo Ave che, ne e rIte jainonA karma siddhAMtamAM ThIka rIte goThavAI jAya che. paMdaramI sadI pachInA pratyeka kathAmUlaka rAsamAM nAyaka ane nAyikAnA pUrvabhavanI kathAo acUka AlekhAtI. e kathAo dvArA kayuM pAtra, kayA karmane lIdhe keI sajA bhogave che te zrotAone samajAvAtuM. taduparAMta pUrvabhavanI kathAonA

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46 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 nirUpaNane kA2Ne eka kathAmAM aneka kathAo kahI zakAtI. aDhAramI sadInA aMtamAM padmavijayakRta 'jayAnaMdakevalIrAsa'mAM temaja 'azokarohiNIrAsa'mAM avAntarakathAnAM pAtronI paNa pUrvabhavanI kathAo AlekhAI che. 'jayAnaMdakevalIrAsa'mAM jayAnaMdanA pUrvenA cAra bhavonI kathA kahI che, to azokarohiNIrAsa'mAM azoka, tenAM ATha saMtAno, rohiNInA be pUrvajanmo ema badhuM maLIne agiyAra jaNanA pUrvabhavanI kathAo che. pUrvabhavanA kathAnA kathananI paNa eka praNAli hatI. vArtAno anna Ave tyAre nAyakanA sthAnamAM koI muni AvI caDhe. pAtro emano upadeza sAMbhaLe, pachI potAnA pUrvabhava viSe munine pUche, muni emanA pUrvabhAvano vRttAMta kahe, pachI pAtro emanI pAse dIkSA le. A krama pratyeka rAsAmAM sacavAyo hoya che. paMdaramI sadInI pUrvenA rAsAomAM to dIkSAnA prasaMgane kendramAM rAkhIne ja rAsAo racAtA, caudamI sadIno 'jinakuzala sUripaTTAbhiSeka rAsa' dIkSAnA prasaMgane kendramAM rAkhI racAyelo rAsa che. kyAreka dIkSAnA prasaMgane vivAhanuM rUpaka ApIne rAsAo racAyA che. jema ke 'jinapadmasUri vivAhalu' ane paMdaramI sadIno 'jinodayasUri vivAhalu'. paMdaramI sadI pUrvenA ane paMdaramI sadI pachInA dIkSAnA prasaMgane nirUpatA rAsAomAM e prabheda hato, ke pUrvenA rAsA eka ja aitihAsika vyaktinA dIkSAnA prasaMgane varNavatA jyAre pachInA rAsAomAM to kAvyAtte aneka vyakti dIkSA letI. sattaramI sadImAM racAyelA 'naladamayaMtIrAsamAM' naLa, damayaMtI, naLano bhAI, ane RtuparNa ane bIjA be jaNa, ema cha vyakti dIkSA grahaNa kare che. e ja sadInA kezarAjakRta 'rAmayazorasAyana rAsa'mAM rAjA sugrIva, zatrughna ane bIjA soLa hajAra rAjAo dIkSA grahaNa kare che. hanumAna paNa dIkSA grahaNa kare che. jainadharmamAM karmane khapAvavA para bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che, tethI aMte dIkSAno prasaMga nirUpAto. A rIte dhArmika siddhAMta spaSTa rIte samajAya e uddezathI karelI vastugUMthaNI, tIrthamAhAtmya, karmavAdane pratItika2 rIte samajAvavA pUrvajanmanI kathAonuM nirUpaNa, ane munionA dharmopadezane pariNAme nAyaka ane bIjAM aneka pAtronuM dIkSAgrahaNa e rAsAonuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa che. rAsAonuM cothuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa te prakRtivarNana, maMdira ane pUjAvidhinuM varNana, nagaravarNano, strIpuruSa aMga ane veSabhUSAnAM varNano. noMdhavuM joIe ke pUjAvidhinAM varNano e rAsAnI vizeSatA hatI. bIjAM varNano AkhyAna, kathAvArtA, phAgu vagere svarUpomAM paNa AvatAM. prAraMbhanA rAsAomAM A varNano TUMkAM hatAM paNa pachInA rAsAomAM varNanono vistAra vadhato gayo. paMdaramI sadI pUrvenA rAsAo, prasaMgapradhAna ke varNanapradhAna hatA. revaMtagiri rAsa', 'jinezvarasUri vivAhalu' Adi varNanapradhAna

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 47 rAsAo che jyAre "bharatezvara bAhubalirAsa, 'samarArA', sirithUlibhad rAsa' vageremAM thoDevatte aMze kathAnuM tattva hatuM. paNa te pachInA rAsAomAM kathAnI joDe varNano paNa bhaLyAM. A varNanonAM ekAda be draSTAnto joIe. 16mI sadImAM lAvaNyasamaye racelA vaccharAja devarAjarAsa'mAMnA vanavarNananI thoDI paMktio vanagalDara te kahiye kisU, sUraja kiraNa na phUTe Isu. vAje vAyu, zItaLa vAya, sAvaja taNA yUtha gahagahe, caMcalacapala na sahyA rahe vAghasiMha gAje gaDagaDe, tiNa nAde dharatI dhaDadhaDe. sattaramI sadImAM udayaratnaracita "lIlAvatIrAsamAM mahiyArInA veSamAM lIlAvatInuM varNana kavi A pramANe kare che - ajaba banI e AhiraDI, malapatI mohana vela rUpe raMbha harAvatI, gajapati AMbe gela dholI dhAbalI pahiraNe, vicavica rAtAtAra kore kAlA kAMgarA, gale guMjAno hAra. nagaravarNanomAM prathama jaMbudvIpa, pachI bhArata, pachI prAMta, ane pachI nagara e krama raheto. strInA aMgavarNanamAM paNa paraMparAnuM ja anusaraNa thatuM jema ke popaTanI cAMca jevuM nAka, dADamanI kaLI jevA dAMta, paravALAM jevA hoTha ityAdi. rAsAnAM A sAmAnya lakSaNo uparAMta paMdaramI sadI pachInA rAsAomAM keTalAMka viziSTa lakSaNo che. emAM kathAtattvo to hoya che, ane eka mukhyakathAnI joDe aneka avAntara kathAonI gUMthaNI thaI hoya che. A avAntara kathAo mULa kathAnuM pAtra potAnA vaktavyanA samarthanamAM kahetuM. keTalIkavAra pAtro ekabIjAne draSTAntakathA kahetA. A prakAranI gUMthaNIthI kathAmAM saLaMgasUtratA rahetI nathI. ghaNIvAra ekanI eka avAntara kathA aneka rAsAomAM jaDe che. e avAntarakathAomAM zRMgAra tathA adUbhutarasa pradhAnapaNe AlekhAto. emAM zRMgAra e hetuthI nirUpAto ke kathAnAyaka kathAne aMte dIkSA le te pUrve eNe saMsArIrasano pUrNAze, upabhoga karyo hoya, jethI saMsAramAM enI vAsanA na rahe. ethI nAyaka aneka strIone paraNe, ane saMbhoganuM vizeSa pramANamAM nirUpaNa thatuM. vArtAne rasaprada banAvavA emAM melI vidyAthI mANasanuM pazupakSImAM pheravAvuM, vRkSonuM adhdhara UDavuM, vagere adbhuta prasaMgo paNa yojAtA. rAsA mAM subhASito, muktako tathA prahelikAo pracura pramANamAM AvatAM. joke kathAvArtA

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48 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 svarUpamAM paNa e pracura mAtrAmAM hoya che. eTale e rAsAnuM viziSTa lakSaNa che evuM nathI. prahelikA ke samasyAno upayoga, kALanirgamana karavA athavA nAyakanAyikAnI buddhinI kasoTI karavA rAsA ane kathAvArtAmAM thato hoya che, rAsAmAM samakAlIna samAjanuM paNa pratibiMba paDatuM hoya che. jema ke, "rUpacaMdakuMvararAsa', jayAnaMdakevalIrAsa' ItyAdimAM jyAre rAjA moTuM pagaluM bhare tyAre mahAjana haDatAla pADatuM, teno ullekha che. tema ja "kusumazrIrAsa', "zIlAvatIno rAsa', 'zrIpALAno rAsamAM cheka gujarAtanA vepArIo dariyApAra vepAra arthe jatA tenA ullekha Ave che. - A rAsAo vividha DhALo ane chaMdomAM racAtA. AthI rAsA racanArA kAvyane aneka vibhAgamAM vaheMcI nAkhatA. jevA ke, adhikAra ullAsa, khaMDa e vibhAgIkaraNanA saMskRta prakAro che. kaDavaka, bhASA ke ThavaNI e prakAranuM vibhAgIkaraNa paMdaramI sadI ane te pUrvenA rAsAomAM maLe che. jyAre adhikAra, khaMDa, prastAva, ullAsa ApaNane paMdaramI sadI pachInA rAsAomAM maLe che. paMdaramI sadI pUrve rAsAonA chaMdo paNa lagabhaga nizcita ja che. duhA, copAI, soraThA, roLA vagere chaMdo AvatA. jyAre pachInA rAsAomAM dezI DhALo ane baMdho vaparAtA. rAsAone DolararAya mAMkaDa svataMtra kAvyaprakAra lekhatA nathI paraMtu ene kathAzailInuM khaMDakAvya lekhe che.17 rAsA ItihAsane jALavI rAkhe che. samAjajIvananI jhAMkhI karAve che, dharmopadeza Ape che, vArtA kahe che. muktako dvArA saMsArajJAna Ape che. samasyAo dvArA buddhinI ramata karavAnI taka Ape che. e nRtya ane geya kAvyo hato tema ja zrAvya kAvyo paNa hatAM. AkhyAna bhojanA "zRMgAprakAzamAM AkhyAnanI vyAkhyA A pramANe ApI che : AkhyAnasaMjJA tallabhate yadyabhinayana paThana gAyana | prAnTikaH eka kathati govindavadavahite savasi purA arthAt jene eka ja kathA vAMcanAra abhinaya karIne, pATha karIne, ane gAIne ekatrita thayelA zrotAone saMbhaLAve che te AkhyAna kahevAya jema ke goviMdAkhyAna ApaNA gujarAtI AkhyAnane vadhumAM vadhu maLatI AvatI A vyAkhyA che. kAraNa, ApaNAM AkhyAnomAM rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, bhAgavata jevI moTI kathAmAM upadeza ApavA mATe mukAyelI harizcandra, naLa, prahalAda jevAnI kathAo. je upAkhyAno hatI, tene ApaNA mANabhaTo gAIne, vIMTIthI mANane tAla ApatA ApatA, sAbhinaya zrotAonI samakSa rajU karatA. joke narasiMha viSayaka AkhyAno purANakathA na hovAne

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 49 kA2Ne AkhyAna kahI zakAya nahi, paNa dharmopadezanA AzayathI koI paNa kathA, abhinayasahita gAIne, kahevAnI hoya eTalI chUTa mUkIe to samagra gujarAtI AkhyAnane A vyAkhyAmAM samAvI zakAya. ahIM je abhinayano ullekha che te vAcika ane AMgika abhinaya che, AhArya (veSabhUSA vagere) nahIM. AkhyAnanI mahattvanI lAkSaNikatA te enI kaDavAMbaddhatA. ApaNAM badhAM AkhyAno kaDavAMbaddha che. kaDavuM saMskRta zabda 'kaDavaka' parathI Avyo che. Ama ApaNAM AkhyAnonAM kaDavAM kaDavaka' saMdhibaddha kAvyomAMthI UtarI AvyAM che. A kaDavAMne paNa potAnuM svayaMparyApta baMdhAraNa che. sAmAnya rIte kaDavuM traNa vibhAgamAM vibhakta thayeluM hoya che : 1. mukhabaMdha : je rAgamAM AkhuM kaDavuM cAlavAnuM hoya che, te rAganI viSayapraveza karAvatI eka ke be-cAra paMktio. mukhabaMdhamAM paMktionI saMkhyA viSe koI nizcita niyamo nathI. premAnaMdanA 'naLAkhyAna'mAM prathama kaDavAMno mukhabaMdha doDha paMktino, dasamA kaDavAno eka paMktino ane pacIsamA kaDavAno traNa paMktino che. jyAre enA 'candrahAsAkhyAna'mAM pahelA kaDavAmAM mukhabaMdha cAra paMktino ane ogaNIsamA kaDavAno mukhabaMdha dasa paMktino che. 2. DhALa : e mukhabaMdha pachI e ja rAgano DhALa cAla, ke doDhI nAmano kaDavAMno bhAga che. emAM prasaMganuM ke ghaTanAnuM vistArathI nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM hoya che. 3. valaNa athavA uthalo : kaDavAno aMtima bhAga che. jenI amuka viziSTatAo che. e be paMktino hoya che ane prathama paMktimAM DhALamAM ke pUrvachAyA'mAM dvitIya paMktino uttarArdha te DhALa ke valaNanI paMktino pUrvArdha bane che. jemake premAnaMdakRta mAmeru'mAM- DhALa jo nahi Avo suMdarazyAma, to nAgara sAthe kAma valaNa nAgara sAthe kAma che... A rIte eka tarapha mukhabaMdha yA pUrvachAyo ane DhALanuM to bIjA tarapha DhALa vA pUrvachAyo ane valaNanuM pArasparika anusaMdhAna rahetuM. ghaNIvAra valaNa eka kaDavA

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50 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 ane bIjA kaDavA vacce sAMdhaNakaDI rUpa hatuM. valaNanI bIjI paMktino uttarArdha te pachInAM kaDavAMnI prathama paMktino pUrvArdha banato hoya evI racanA sAmAnya rIte pracalita hatI. jemake premAnaMdamAM "candrahAsa AkhyAna'mAM 19mA kaDavAmAM valaNanI bIjI paMkti che - evAM vacana suNI bhUpanAM, medhAvinI vANI vade re -pachI vIsamA kaDavAnI prathama paMktino pUrvArdha che : medhAvinI ema uccare. Ama valaNa e kaDavAnuM mahattvanuM aMga hatuM. emAM prathama paMktimAM A kaDavAmAM kayo prasaMga nirUpAyo teno saMkSepa Avato ane dvitIya paMktimAM have pachInA kaDavAmAM zuM Avaze teno ullekha hoya che. kaDavAnAM traNa aMgo - rAgasUcaka mukhabaMdha DhALa ane valaNa AkhyAnane susaMkalita banAvatAM. AkhyAnanuM bIjuM mahattvanuM aMga enuM kathAtattva che. AkhyAna kathAkAvya che, paNa anya kathAkAvyothI e rIte juduM paDe che ke AkhyAna dharmakathA che, ane kathA zrotAonI dharmAnurAgItA jAgRta karavA tathA daDha karavA racAI hoya che. jyAre anya kathAo manoraMjana mATe ja racAI hoya che. AkhyAnamAM je kathAo rajU thatI te anya kathAsAhityathI e rIte bhinna che ke e kathAono mukhya uddeza to bhinna bhinna saMpradAyanA tathA saMpradAya joDe na saMkaLAyelA lokomAM dharmabhAvanA siMcavAno hato. eTale mANabhaTo je AkhyAno lokonI medanI samakSa gAI - bajAvIne rajU karatA. jethI emAM upadezanuM tattva, kathArasane dAbI na de. e kathAo purANomAMthI, ke zrIkRSNa bhaktone saMkaTa samaye sahAya karelI te prasaMgonuM vistArathI nirUpaNa karatA. jema ke, narasiMhanA pitAnuM zrAddha, dIkarInuM sImaMta, zAmaLazAnAM lagna. e badhA prasaMgomAM kRSNa je sahAya karelI te prasaMgo kathAvastu tarIke pasaMda karyA che. sagALazA, celaiyA, kabIra vagere bhaktonAM jIvananA prasaMgo para AkhyAno racAyAM che. mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, zrImadbhAgavatamAMthI pAtro laIne AkhyAnonI racanA thaI che. e uparAMta bhAgavatanA dazamaskaMdhane AdhAre paNa AkhyAnonI racanA thaI che. Ama chatAM kavi mULa kathAmAM yatheccha pheraphAra karatA, kRtine sthAnaka raMga ApatA, kAraNake e AkhyAno samakAlIna samAjanI AmajanatAnI samakSa rajU karavAnAM hatAM. ethI mahAkAvyo ke purANanI joDe jene kathA saMbaMdha na hoya tevA prasaMgo paNa sAMkaLI levAtA. jemake vAsu enA

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 51 sagALazA AkhyAnamAM sagALazAne mahAbhAratanA karNanA avatAra tarIke oLakhAve che. nAkara paNa sagALazAnI oLakhANa evI ja rIte Ape che. paurANika AkhyAnomAM paNa be pravAho dRSTie paDe che. pahelA pravAhamAM kavio mULa kathAne anusare che, kazo pheraphAra karatA nathI. bhAlaNanuM 'caMDI AkhyAna', haridAsanuM 'dhruvAkhyAna', mAdhavakRta 'uSAharaNa' e saghaLAmAM kavi e mULa kathAne ja pUrNataH anusare che. jyAre bIjA vibhAgamAM mULa kathAne potAnI AgavI rIte, kATachAMTa karatAM ne umeraNa karatAM evAM AkhyAno Ave che. AkhyAnakAro mULa kathAmAM je pheraphAra ke umeraNa karatA te badhA zrotAo kathArasa mANI zake te hetuthI karatA, jemake madhyakAlIna 'naLAkhyAno'mAM AvatA matsyasaMjIvanI, hAracorI, e prasaMgo mULa mahAbhAratamAM nathI. kyAreka AvA pheraphAro pAtranuM gaurava vadhAre che to kyAreka paurANika pAtrone naSTagaurava ane zrIhIna banAve che. jemake abhimanyu AkhyAna'mAM abhimanyunI hatyA karavA mATe, kRSNa eka pachI eka tarakaTa race che, ethI evuM lAge che ke mahAbhAratanA kRSNa AgaLa 'abhimanyu AkhyAna'nA kRSNane zaramathI mAthuM nIcuM DhALI devuM paDe. tevI rIte "sudAmAcarita'mAM bhAgavatanA brahmavettA sudAmAne sthAne premAnaMde kRSNanI irSA karato ane ghera pAchA pharatAM khAlI hAthe AvavuM paDyuM, tethI mULagA mArA tAMdula gayA' kaheto sudAmo ke e ja kavinA 'naLAkhyAna'mAM Adarza zIlavatI, tathA sarvaguNasaMpanna patnI damayaMtI joDe halakA mAnavInI jema vartato ene bhAMDato naLa, purANanI kathAone janamanaraMjaka banAvavA mANabhaTTo emAM kevI vikRti AcaratA te darzAve che. bIjI tarapha purANanA khalanAyakone udAtta banAvavAnA prayatno paNa draSTie paDe che. premAnaMdanA raNayajJa' ke jiyAnA 'raNajaMga'mAM maMdodarI rAvaNane rAmanI joDe salAha karavA vinave che, tenA uttaramAM kavie rAvaNane rAmanI prazasti karato darzAvyo che. AkhyAnamAM kyAreka lokapracalita mAnyatA vaNI levAmAM AvatI. nAkare enA 'okhAharaNa'mAM bANAsuranuM savAramAM moDhuM jovuM na paDe mATe cAMDAlaNI ADo sAvaraNo dhare che. ne rAjAnA abhayavacana pachI e khulAso kare che ke prAtaH same jovuM nahi vAMjhiyAnuM vAna tamAre koI choruM nathI, sAMbhaLo ne rAjana te mATe saMmArjanI ADI kIdhI meM rAya. A ja pramANe nAkare aluNAvratanI kathAne okhA sAthe gaNezapurANamAMthI laIne sAMkaLI che.

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para gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 - kavie savAramAM vAMjhiyAnuM mo jovuM e apazukana gaNAya evo vahema okhAharaNa'mAM vaNI lIdho. zubhazukana viSenI mAnyatA naLAkhyAnamAM sAMkaLI naLa damayaMtInA svayaMvara mATe javA nIkaLe che tyAre, ati zI sAcariyo rAya, zukana maLI suvAsI gAya kuraMgakuraMgIne sAtha, AgaLa UtaryA jemaNe hAtha. kyAreka kavine aMta nyAyayukta na lAgyo hoya tyAre e gAMThano prasaMga umerI ene nyAyayukta banAve che. jemake naLAkhyAnamAM lagnalolupa tuparNa hoMze hoMze vidarbha jAya ane hatAza thaIne pAcho phare, e premAnaMdane sukhada aMta na lAgyo, tethI kavie ene damayaMtInI bhANeja joDe paraNAvyo ane sarva rIte madhureNa samApayetano siddhAMta jALavyo. AkhyAnakAronI dRSTi kathA kahetI vakhate haMmezAM zrotAo para sthira thatI. eTale e zrotAone suparicita evI, ane AtmIya lAge evI sRSTinuM nirmANa karatA. Ama daivI pAtronuM paNa mAnavIkaraNa athavA gujarAtIkaraNa thatuM. jethI e pAtro zrotAone potIkAM lAge. premAnaMdanA hUiMDImAMnA zAmaLazA zeTha ke mAmeruMmAM dAmodara dozI banAvIne ja kRSNane kavi laI Ave che. paurANika pAtronAM lagnamAM paNa gujarAtanI ja lagnavidhi thAya che ane e samayamAM pracalita gujarAtI lagnagIto gavAya che. mAmerumAM kuMvarabAInI sAsusahita samagra nAgarastrIsamAja rajU thayo che. 'sudAmAcaritamAM kRSNa sAmAnya mANasanI jema sudAmAnI majAka karatAM pUche che, "bhAbhI amArAM vaDhakaNAM te zuM lohIDuM zoSe? 'naLAkhyAna'mAM damayaMtInA svayaMvaramAM AvelA devo ekabIjAnI IrSA karatA darzAvAyA. e rIte paurANika pAtronuM zrotAo jemanAthI suparicita hoya evuM mAnavIkaraNa karAtuM, eka rIte kahIe to gujarAtIkaraNa karAtuM. murArI kRta "IzvaravivAhamAM pArvatInI sakhIonAM kamaLAde devaLade jevAM nAmo hoya, AkhyAnamAM dareka lagnamAM pIThI coLAtI hoya, vararAjA ghoDe caDIne paraNavA jatA hoya, sAsu jamAIne poMkhatI hoya, nAka kheMcatI hoya evI badhI lagnanI vigato hoya tyAre zrotAone potAnI AsapAsanI sRSTi ja AkhyAnomAM pratibiMbita thatI lAge. vastugUMthaNInI dRSTie paurANika AkhyAnomAM maMgaLAcaraNa pachI pahelA kaDavAmAM prasaMgAnukULa bhUmikA racAtI, arthAt kAvyanA mukhya prasaMgo pUrvenI ghaTanAo saMkSepamAM rajU thatI. jemake premAnaMdanA "raNayajJamAM kAvyano mukhya prasaMga rAmarAvaNanA yuddhathI zarU thAya che. tethI AraMbhamAM yuddhakAMDanI pUrvenA prasaMgo saMkSepamAM rajU karyA che jethI kAvyanA mukhya prasaMgane zrotAo sahelAIthI samajI zake.

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 53 jyAre mULa kathAnuM eka pAtra anya pAtrane daSTAnta kathA kahetuM hoya, tyAre mULa kathAmAM je kathaka ane zrotAno ullekha thayo hoya, te AkhyAnamAM yathAvata raheto. gujarAtI AkhyAnakAro, mULa kathAnA AkhyAtA ane zrotA, tema ja dRSTAntakathAnA AkhyAtA tathA zrotA mULa pramANenA ja rAkhatA. jema ke mahAbhAratanA nalopAkhyAna'mAM mULa kathA vaizampAyanamuni janmejayane kahe che, ane kathAnuM eka pAtra yudhiSThira arjunavirahe duHkhI che, tene sAMtvana ApavA bRhadezvamuni tene naLanuM upAkhyAna kahe che. gujarAtImAM naLAkhyAna svataMtra kRti hovA chatAM vaizaMpAyana janamejayane naLanI kathA kahe che e pramANe zarUAta karI. pachI yudhiSThiranuM duHkha darzAvI bRhadazva muni ja naLanuM AkhyAna kahe che, ema darzAvAyuM che. A rIte AkhyAnamAM paNa upAkhyAnanI kathanarIti jaLavAI che. prasaMganirUpaNanI draSTie vicAratAM AkhyAnakAra phakta prasaMgonuM nirUpaNa ja karato nathI, paNa pAtronI mAnasaprakriyA, ane manovyApAro paNa darzAve che. pAtronAM aMgavastrAbhUSaNanAM, nagaranAM, vananAM, svayaMvaranAM varNana kare che ane potAnuM varNanakauzala darzAve che. tathA samakAlIna yuganI samAjaracanAnI jhAMkhI karAve che. naLAkhyAnamAM haMse damayaMtI samakSa kareluM naLanuM varNana, bhayaMkara vanamAM damayaMtIno tyAga karatI vakhate naLanA manamAM parasparavirodhI vRttionuM ghamasANa, hAracorInA ALa vakhate damayaMtInI manovedanA AkhyAnakAronI kathAnA prastutIkaraNanI zaktinAM dyotaka che. joke AkhyAnakAronAM keTalAMka varNano rasane bAdhaka ane kathApravAhane sthagita karanArAM paNa nIvaDe che. vanavarNanomAM vRkSonI ke bhojanamAM varNanomAM vAnagIonI yAdI AvatI, je rasAsvAdamAM bAdhaka nIvaDe che. ema lAge che ke e yuganA zrotAjanono rasa ane rucine e anurUpa haze. kathApravAhane sthagita karanAruM anya eka tattva, AkhyAna dharmakathA hovAthI emAM lAMbI Izvarastutio AvatI, je kathAne AgaLa dhapAvavAmAM vikSepaka hatI. kAlidAsakRta prahalAdAkhyAna'mAM eTalI badhI stutio Ave che ke kathA to mAtra aneka stutionI sAMdhaNakaDI banI rahe che ane AkhyAna stutisaMgraha jevuM banI jAya che. bhAlaNanA "caMDIAkhyAna'mAM 58 paMktionI traNa dIrgha Izvarastutio Ave che. AkhyAnanuM trIjuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa rasavaividhya che. AkhyAnanuM vistRta kathAphalaka hovAthI kavine vividha rasonuM nirUpaNa karavA pUrato avakAza maLI raheto; ne kavi ekAda be rasone pradhAnatayA nirUpI, Itara gauNa rasonuM AlaMbana leto ane e rIte zrotAone kathArasamAM tallIna banAvI deto. premAnaMda jevA samartha kavi to

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gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 enI AgavI evI 2sasaMkrAntinI kalAthI atyaMta lokapriya bane che. premAnaMda pUrve, bhAlaNanA 'naLAkhyAna'mAM, ke uddhavanA rAmAyaNamAM kyAMka rasasaMkrAMti jaDe che. paraMtu rasasaMkrAMtinI kaLAmAM uccocca sthAnano adhikArI to premAnaMda ja che. e eka 2samAMthI eTalI tvarAthI, ane saraLatAthI saMkramaNa kare che ke ApaNane e viSe khabara ja paDatI nathI. enuM kAraNa e che ke e cAlu rasanA vibhAvane sthAnacyuta karyA vinA e ja vibhAvane, anya 2sanA vibhAva tarIke sthApe che. ethI rasasaMkrAMtithI 2sAsvAdamAM bAdhA naDatI nathI. jema ke raNayajJa'mAM IndrajIta ane rAmanA yuddhamAM vI22sanuM nirUpaNa thayuM che. yuddhamAM rAma nAgapAzathI baMdhAya che. te joIne sItA AkraMda karavA lAge che. vI22sano AlaMbana vibhAva rAma che, to sItAnA AkraMdamAM je karuNa che teno AlaMbana vibhAva paNa rAma che. Ama vI22samAMthI karuNamAM saMkramaNa karatI vakhate rAmane ja vibhAva rAkhIne kavi 2sasaMkramaNa kare che. 'naLAkhyAna'mAM paNa zRMgAra, karuNa, adbhuta ema saMkramaNa thatuM rahe che. AkhyAnanuM cothuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa e zrotAo samakSa sAbhinaya gavAtuM hovAthI, AkhyAnakAro potAnAM kaDavAM mATe madhura rAganI dezIo pasaMda karatA, ne e rAgamAM gAI vAtAvaraNane gUMjatuM karatA. jyAre damayaMtI potAnAM saMtAnone mosALa pAThave che tyAre enA kaMThamAM mUkelI mevADAnI dezI-mosALe padhAre re mArAM bADuAM ... athavA damayaMtInI karuNa dazA vyakta karatI rAmagrI premAnaMda gAto haze, ke 'vinave devaDI ho, vIrAne valavalI' e mevADo, ke mAruM mANakaDuM risAvyuM re zAmaLiyAM e verADI rAgamAM devakI ke jazodAnA vilApane e gAto haze, tyAre zrotAonI AMkhomAMthI azrunAM pUra vahetAM haze. e ja rIte bIjA rasanAM kaDavAM mATe paNa kahI zakAya. Ama vividha rAgarAgiNIvALAM kaDavAM paNa AkhyAnanuM anivArya aMga hatuM. 54 AkhyAnanuM pAMcamuM mahattvanuM aMga kavie potAno ane kAvyano paricaya Apyo hoya te che. te mATe kavi kAvyanA prathama kaDavAno athavA aMtima kaDavAno upayoga kare che. emAM kavi potAnA kuTuMbano, gAmano, kAvya kyAM ane kyAre racAyuM ne AkhyAna kaye sthaLe gavAyuM teno paricaya Ape che, jemake H nAkaranA okhAharaNa'mAM dIsAvaLa kUDI avataryo, vIrakSetramAM vAsajI kara joDIne kare vinaMtI, nAkara hirano dAsajI. premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAna'mAM kAvya viSe mAhitI ApatAM kavi kahe che : ANika parvanI mULa kathAmAM naiSadhanI lIlA bhAkhIjI muhUrta kIdhuM surata madhye; thayuM pUraNa naMdarabArajI

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 55 saMvata sattara bAra varSe poSa sudi bIja guruvAra dvitIyA caMdradarzananI veLA thaI pUrNa kathA vistArajI nAkara enA harizcandrAkhyAna'mAM kayA rAgo prayojyA che tenAM nAma kaDavAM saMkhyA, vagerenI mAhitI ApatA jaNAya che - rAmagrI desAkha ne AzAvarI, bhUpALa ne dhanyAkSarI rAmakalI verADI zokha, merI soraThIno joga. AkhyAnanuM chaThuM aMga phaLazruti che, AkhyAnakAro AkhyAnazravaNathI zo aihika lAbha thAya te jaNAvatA. e zrotAone AkarSavAnI eka rIta hatI. je AkhyAnanuM eka Avazyaka aMga banI gayuM. A phaLazruti sAmAnyataH aMtamAM AvatI. paNa koIvAra kavi kAvyAraMbhe paNa e jaNAvato ne kyAreka vacce paNa eno ullekha karato. kAlidAsakRta "prahallAdAkhyAna'mAM pahelA kaDavAmAM be paMkitamAM phaLazruti ApI che. pachI bIjA kaDavAmAM ne aMtamAM paNa Ape che. haridAsa enA "sItAsvayaMvaramAM cha vAra phaLazruti Ape che. A sivAya kyAreka pAtra paNa phaLazruti uccAre che. premAnaMdanA "okhAharaNa'mAM brahmA, harirAmanA sItAsvayaMvaramAM vAlmikI to tulasIe tenA "dhruvAkhyAnamAM ane AdhAra bhaTe "zAmaLazAno vivAhamAM bhagavAna pAse phaLazruti uccArAvI che. A rIte AkhyAnanuM sAhityasvarUpa bhAlaNathI zarU thayuM, ane viSNudAsa AdithI poSAyuM ane premAnaMdamAM e vikAsanI parAkASTAe pahoMcyuM. premAnaMda pachI AkhyAnanAM vaLatAM pANI thAya che. enuM eka kAraNa premAnaMdanA samayamAM garabAnuM svarUpa vizeSa pracalita thayuM. e ArasAmAM zAmaLa jevo vArtAkAra thayo e kAraNe paNa AkhyAnanA vikAsa para asara karI haze. e uparAMta premAnaMda AkhyAnanAM svarUpane evI kakSA para mUkI dIdhuM - pUrNatAe pahoMcADI dIdhuM ke pachI emAM vadhu vikAsanI kazI zakyatA hatI nahI...8 AkhyAnakAroe mahAkAvyo ane purANone gujarAtI lebAsamAM AmajanatA sudhI pahoMcADyAM, mANabhaToe e svarUpadvArA dharma ane bhaktinI dhArA vahevaDAvI tathA saMskAranuM siMcana karyuM. kathA-vArtA kathA ane vArtA zabdo madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM ekabIjAnA paryAyarUpe vaparAtA. AkhyAnamAM jema dharmakathAo AvatI tema kathAvArtAmAM sAmAjika kathAo AvatI.

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56 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 Ama chatAM AkhyAnanI asarathI kathA-vArtAnuM sAhitya alipta rahI zakyuM nathI. AkhyAnamAM jema vArtAnI zarUAta maMgaLAcaraNa ke ISTadevanI stutithI, ne vArtAne ante kavino paricaya ke phLazruti AvatAM, tevI ja rIte kathAvArtAmAM paNa AraMbhamAM ISTadevanI stuti tathA maMgaLAcaraNa AvatAM ane aMte phaLazruti paNa AvatI. A uparAMta keTalIka ghaTanAo paNa AkhyAnanI paurANika kathAomAMthI levAtI. jema ke naLane karkoTaka nAga agnimAMthI ene bacAvyo tethI varadAna Ape che, te ja rIte zAmaLanI madanamohanA'mAM paNa mohanA sApane AgamAMthI bacAve che, eTale sApa ene varadAna Ape che. AkhyAnanI jema kathAvArtAmAM paNa pratyakSa kathanazailI che. A kathA-vArtA para saMskRta temaja jainakathAonI prabaLa asara hatI. jema saMskRta kathAomAM, dazakumAracarita, paMcataMtra, kAdaMbarI vageremAM eka kathAmAM aneka AMtarakathAo gUMthAyelI che, ane kathAnuM eka pAtra, potAnA vaktavyanA samarthanamAM bIjA pAtrane kathA kahe che, te ja rIti jaina rAsAomAM najare paDe che. ane tenuM ja punarAvartana jainetara kathAvArtAsAhityamAM paNa thayeluM najare caDhe che. dRSTAnta tarIke, zAmaLanI madanamohanAmAM paMDita madanamohanAne, tathA mohanA madanane tathA paMDitane cha dRSTAntakathAo kahe che. AvI ja nirUpaNarIti samagra kathAsAhityamAM jaDe che. jainakathAomAM jema aneka janmonI kathAo Ave che, tevI ja rIte zivadAsakRta 'haMsAulI' mAM, vIrajIkRta 'kAmAvatI'mAM tathA zAmaLakRta udyamakarmasaMvAda'mAM Ave che. DolararAya mAMkaDa kahe che A kathAzailImAM eka kathA nathI hotI paNa ekathI vadhu vArtAnAM guccha hoya che. ane eka vArtAmAMthI bIjI phUTe evI enI kathanazailI hoya che. zAmaLAdinI kathAzailImAM kAdaMbarI vagerenI kathAzailInuM sIdhuM sAtatya nathI, paNa bRhadkathAnI kathAzailInuM sIdhuM sAtatya che.' 19 saMskRta tathA jaina kathAonI bIjI asa2 vArtAmAM vacce AvatAM DahApaNanAM muktako tathA prahelikAo che. A muktako tathA prahelikAo ghaNIvAra saMskRtamAM ja AvatAM. jaina kathAomAM saMsAra tarapha ghRNA upajAvavA, zrotAomAM vairAgya preravA, ane temane kAmavAsanAthI dUra rAkhavA strIniMdA sArI peThe thatI, ane strIpAtrone kuTila cItaravAmAM AvatAM. jaina rAsAonI A asara jainetara kathAo para paNa paDI che, ne emAM paNa kAM to vArtAkAra jAte ja strIniMdA kare che athavA to strIone durAcArI tathA kuTila darzAve che. AnI sAthe e paNa kahevuM joIe ke A vArtAomAM nArIpAtro ja vizeSa tejasvI lAge che. e pote ja patinI pasaMdagI kare che, ane premI AnAkAnI kare to jabaradastIthI ene paraNe che. puruSa vezamAM phare che, aneka sAhaso kare che, ane e vezamAM aneka strIone paraNe che. 'haMsAvalIvikramacaritra'nI

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo (padyasAhitya) 57 haMsAvalI, zAmaLanI 'padmAvatI' vArtAmAM sulocanA ne padmAvatI; enI 'madanamohanA'nI nAyikA mohanA vagere A prakAranI madhyakAlIna vArtAonI pratinidhi nAyikAo che. AthI strIpAtro samakSa puruSapAtro atyaMta namAlAM tathA nisteja lAge che. madhyakAlIna vArtA zrotAo mATe eka evI sRSTi UbhI karatI ke, jyAM e loko vAstavika sRSTinAM baMdhano ne niSedhomAMthI mukta thaI yatheccha viharI zake. dharmakathAnA ucca Adarzo jyAre akaLAvI mUke tyAre dharma ane nItinuM sAmrAjya jyAM na hoya evI sRSTimAM zrotAone palAyana karavAnI sagavaDa vArtA pUrI pADatI. A vArtAomAM kanyA pote ja premalagna karatI, kAraNa ke bALalagnanA rivAjane kAraNe kanyAne vyavahArajIvanamAM e chUTa maLatI nahi, ghUmaTA ane lAja kADhavAno rivAja hovAthI strIonuM mukha jovA maLatuM nahi evA yugamAM puruSanA vezamAM pharatI, ane puruSanA jevAM sAhaso karatI strI vArtAomAM maLatI, parantu lokakathAnI vArtAomAM ApaNane vAstavika paristhitinAM darzana thAya che. emAM palAyanavAda nathI, AthI emAM moTebhAge premIono karuNa aMjAma ja darzAvelo hoya che. kathAonA nirUpaNanI dRSTie ene be vibhAgomAM vaheMcI zakAya : premakathAo ane adbhuta kathAo. premakathAomAM prathama dRSTie prema, pachI viraha ane aMte punarmilana e jAtano krama raheto. mAdhavakRta 'rUpasuMdarakathA', gopALa bhaTTanuM 'phUlAMciratra', zAmaLanI madanamohanA' ne padmAvatI', e sarve, temaja lokakathAnI 'meha-ujaLI', 'nAga-nAgamade', 'zeNI-vijANaMda'; e premakathAo che. emAM prathama dRSTie premano vikAsa, daMpatInuM alaga thavuM ne milana e krama che. emAM prematrikoNa Avato nathI. emAM vighno mAbApa ke samAja taraphathI ja Ave che. A kathAo traNa vibhAgamAM vaheMcI zakAya : prathama vibhAgamAM varNanapradhAna kathAo Ave che, jemAM varNanonI adhikatA hoya che, bIjI kathanapradhAna jemAM gatimaya nirUpaNa hoya che, ane trIjI zeNIvijANaMda' jevI bhAvapradhAna kathAo, jemAM hRdayanA bhAvonuM ja savizeSa citraNa hoya che. bIjo mukhya vibhAga kautukapradhAna athavA adbhuta kathAono che. emAM camatkAronI adhikatA hoya che. paMcadaMDa', 'vikramanI kathAo' tathA 'naMdabatrIsI' vagere camatkArapradhAna kathAo che. A camatkAro kAM to dhArmika zraddhA vadhAravA athavA sAmAnya jananI kautukapriyatA saMtoSavA nirUpAtA. 'naMdabatrIsI'mAM pradhAnapatnI enA satItvanA prabhAve vinA agnie baLe ane rAjAne sajIvana kare e dharmazraddhA janmAvanAro camatkAra che. jyAre 'vidyAvilAsinI' jevI kathAmAM mAnavanuM popaTamAM parivartana thAya e sAmAnya

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58 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 jananI kutUhalapriyatA janmAvavA mATe yojAyelo camatkAra che. A pramANe gujarAtI vArtAkAro vastu ane rIti daSTie je paraMparAne anusaratA te ati prAcIna che. bRhatkathAmaMjarI, kathAsaritsAgara, enI paNa pahelAMthI vikramanI kathAo cAlI Ave che. e ja paraMparA lokamukhe vahetI gujarAtanA kathAsAhityamAM Ave che. emAMnI keTalIya kathAo rAsAmAM juduM rUpa le che, keTalAka kavione hAthe ene chaMdobaddha rUpa maLe che. ane keTalIka lokavArtA kaMThastha sAhityamAM cAlI jAya che. jJAnamUlaka khaMDakAvyo AdhyAtmika jJAnanAM kaDavAMbaddha kAvyo jevAM ke, akhAkRta "akhegItA', behadevakRta "bhramaragItA', prItamakRta "sarasagItA', bhANadAsakRta hastAmalaka, dayArAmakRta rasikavallabha' vagere A prakAranAM kAvyo che. emAM "akhegItAmAM che tema advaitanA siddhAMtone dAMto dvArA nirUpyo che, to "rasikavallabhamAM che tema puSTi saMpradAyanA siddhAMtane vistArathI samajAvyo hoya che. AmAM moTebhAge amuka siddhAMtanuM pratipAdana karIne "akhegItAmAM ke "rasikavallabhamAM che tema anya siddhAMtonuM khaMDana karyuM hoya che. A badhI kRtione gItA nAma apAyuM hoya che. ane e arthamAM emAM guruziSyanA saMvAdarUpe AdhyAtmika siddhAMtanuM pratipAdana thatuM. eno AraMbha parabrahmanI ke AdyaniraMjana ke evA koI amUrta tattvanI stutithI thato. emAM phaLazruti 'akhegItAmAM che tema kAM to AvatI ja nathI, athavA to "AMtaradaSTi ughaDaze ahaMkAra TaLaze e prakAranI hoya che. emAM zAntarasanuM ja sAdyanta nirUpaNa hoya che. e zAMtarasa paNa umAzaMkara jozI kahe che tema, jemAM badhA raso vivarta che evo sthAyI rasa hoya che. A kRtio kaDavAbaddha che. emAM siddhAMtanA vizadIkaraNa arthe daSTAMto sArA pramANamAM AvatAM hoya che. emAM jJAnanuM pratipAdana thayuM hovAthI lAgaNIno udraka jovA maLato nathI, chatAM, "akhegItA'mAM abhinavo AnaMda Aja mAM che tema parabrahma joDenI ekatAnA anubhavano AnaMda lAgaNIsabhara zabdomAM vyakata thayo hoya che. vIrakAvyo madhyakALamAM be aitihAsika vIrakAvyo maLe che : zrIdharanuM raNamalla chaMda' ane padmanAbhanuM 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha'. banne kAvyonA nAyako aitihAsika vyakti che, ane emaNe muslimonA AkramaNa sAme karelA yuddhanuM emAM varNana che. "raNamalachaMdane kezava ha. dhruve pIvADo kahyo che. povADo geya kAvyano prakAra hovAthI emAM geyatAne

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 59 anukULa evA prAsa-anuprAsa, varNasagAI, jhaDajhamaka vagere che. jyAre 'kAnhaDade prabaMdhamAM vistAra, jaTilatA, varNanonI ane kathanarItinI vividhatA che. emAM adbhuta rasanA prasaMgo che, pUrvajanmanI kathAo che. emAM zRMgAra, karuNa vagere che tethI rasavaividhya AvyuM che, emAM gaNapati, sarasvatInI stutithI kareluM maMgaLAcaraNa che, samakAlIna rItarivAja, rUDhionuM Alekhana thayuM che, ethI emAM AkhyAna tathA rAsA bannenAM tattvo gUMthAyAM che. e banne vIrarasanAM kAvyomAM thokabaMdha phArasI zabdo che. raNamalla chaMdamAM AdithI aMta sudhI eka ja pAtranI vIratAnuM varNana che. jyAre kAnhaDadeprabaMdhamAM aneka pAtronI vIratAno paricaya maLe che. enI bIjI eka vizeSatA e che ke samakAlIna yuddha kevI rIte khelAtAM, tenuM ane sulatAnanI chAvaNInuM emAM vistArathI varNana karyuM che. phAgu, A prakAranAM kAvyomAM vasaMtanAM varNano, vasaMtanI mAnavanA mana para thatI mAdaka asaranuM citraNa, hoLI khelavAnI tathA zRMgArakIDAnI vAto Ave che. A prakAranAM kAvyomAM prathama vasaMtanuM varNana AvatuM ane prakRtinA madIlA vAtAvaraNano mAnavane kevo nazo caDhe che te darzAvAtuM. tyArapachI virahI strIne prakRti kevI duHkhI kare che te darzAvI, priyatamanA AgamananAM eMdhANa ApI, pachI priyatamanuM milana, ane vipralaMbhamAMthI saMbhoga zRMgAranuM nirUpaNa e jAtano krama hoya che. jaina phAgukAvyamAM neminAtha ne rAjimatI Ave, ajainamAM rAdhAkRSNa Ave. vasantavilAsa'mAM evAM koI paurANika pAtrono AdhAra lIdhA vinA ja sAmAnya strInA vipralaMbha ane saMbhoga zRMgAranAM citro AlekhAyAM che. madhyakALamAM mAnavanAM jIvana Aje che tevA jaTila nahotAM. samagra jIvana rUDhibaddha hatuM. sAhityanuM amuka amuka prasaMgoe prayojana hatuM, ane e mAMga anusAra puravaTho pUravAmAM Avato. e yugamAM sudhAraNA paNa dharma paratve ja thatI ane kAryamAM sAhityanI madada maLyAM karatI. A ja kAraNathI eka ja sAhityasvarUpano vArtA kahevA mATe, UrminI abhivyakti mATe, prasaMgakathana mATe, maMdiramAM pUjA mATe, upadeza ApavA ke nRtya joDe gAvA mATe upayoga thato. pado paNa gavAtAM, prAraMbhika kALanA rAsA paNa gavAtA, garabA-garabI paNa gavAtAM ne AkhyAno paNa gavAtAM. jaina rAsAmAM paNa kathA kahevAtI, temaja vatsarAja ke zAmaLanI viziSTa kathanazailImAM paNa vArtA kahevAtI. AthI ja AkhyAnamAM ke kAnhaDadeprabaMdha' jevI ke 'akhegItA' jevI kRtiomAM paNa pado AvatAM, ane dharmakathA kahevA mATe paNa padano upayoga

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60 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 thato. madhyakALanuM sAhitya dhArmika ke sAmAjika rUDhimAMthI udbhavyuM hovA chatAM emAM rasa, AlekhanarIti tathA vastumAM sArA pramANamAM vividhatA rahetI. n upara madhyakALanA mahattvanA sAhityaprakArono paricaya karAvyo che. tema chatAM, e samayamAM pracalita asaMkhya prakAro vize vigate lakhavuM ahIM zakya nathI. jaina sAhityano paricaya ApatA lekhomAM temaja anyatra paNa keTalAka sAhityaprakAro vize te te sthaLe nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che. ahIM, saMkSepamAM, keTalAka prakIrNa prakArono ullekha karIzuM. madhyakALamAM 'salokA sAhitya' sArI peThe kheDAyuM che. jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' ane 'jaina gUrjara kavio', 'salokAno saMcaya' (hI. 2. kApaDiyA) tathA prAcIna kAvyo kI rUpa-paramparA' (agaracaMda nAhaTA) jevAM pustako jovAthI enI pratIti thaze. harivallabha bhAyANIe kavi zAmaLa bhaTTa racita 'rUstamano saloko' nA saMpAdananI bhUmikAmAM salokAsUci ApI che. emAM A kAvyaprakAranI jaina tathA jaineta2 kRtio vize noMdha che. 'saloko' e saMskRta zto 52thI saloka-zaloka-saloko-zaloko e rIte UtarI Avyo che. madhyakALamAM padyabaddha zauryastutinA svarUpanI racanA mATe A zabda prayojAyo che. 'bhANano saloko', 'rUstamano saloko', 'raNachoDajIno zaloko'mAM aitihAsika prasaMga sAthe saMbaddha vyaktinI padyabaddha zauryastuti che. ApaNA prabaMdha ane pavADAno e vArasa che. paraMtu ApaNe tyAM ghaNI jJAtiomAM lagnAdi utsava prasaMge zalokA' bolavAno rivAja che. e prasaMge prAsabaddha paMktiomAM jAheramAM prazastigAna thAya che. eka vyakti layabaddha rIte eka kaDI bole ane sAmethI hokArAno lalakAra thAya evI paddhati emAM hoya che. mAMhyarAmAM va2 temaja kanyA taraphathI evA salokA bolAtA. kavi prabhurAme 'rAmavivAhanA zalokA' lakhelA che. 'varNaka-samuccaya'mAM paNa evI eka kRti saMgrahAI che. vidyA ane cAturInI kasoTI mATe bolAtA AvA zloko kramekrame prAsabaddha layaracanA tarIke vikasIne phaTANAMnI jema maheNAM-ToNAMvALA banyA hoya e saMbhavita che. tema chatAM, upalabdha kRtio parathI kahI zakAya ke rAmavivAhano salokA' jevAmAM devastutine, 'bhANano saloko' (gaMgAdAsa), 'rUstamano saloko', 'raNachoDajIno saloko' (zAmaLa) jevI kRtiomAM vyaktinI parAkramastutine mahattva maLyuM che. AthI 'saloko' ane pavADo' vacceno bheda lagabhaga naSTa thayo. 'rUstamano saloko' 'rUstamano pavADo' tarIke paNa jANIto

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 61 che. vizvanAtha jAnIe "ganImano pavADo' lakhyo che. paraMtu pavADo' vyaktinAM viziSTa kAryonA varNana mATe hato te pAchaLathI vIrakAvya mATe rUDha thayelo che. vivAhala', "vivAha", "veli'-"vela' jevA prakAro, sAmAnyapaNe, jaina kavioe vizeSa kheDyA che. vivAhalamAM tattvajJAnadaSTie vivAhanuM rUpaka ghaTAvAyuM hoyache jainetara kaviomAM bhAlaNa, nAkara, dIvALIbAI, rAdhAbAI, raNachoDa, giradhara, dayArAma Adi aneka kavioe sItA, ziva, rAma, kRSNa, vagerenAM vivAha-kAvyo lakhyAM che. veli', 'vela' saMjJA paNa vivAhanA arthamAM prayojAI che. vajiyAnI "sItAvelamAM rAmasItAnA vivAhanI kathA nirUpAI che. dayArAmanI "bhaktavela" paNa e ja DhabanI che. "vallabhavelamAM vela' zabda vaMza-velanA arthamAM caritrakRti rUpe Ave che. mAMgalika prasaMgoe gavAtAM dhavalamaMgala gIto dhavala-dhoLa' tarIke jANItAM che. neminAtha, RSabhadeva vize AvAM aneka dhoLapada lakhAyAM che. rUpaka kAvyamAM judAM judAM rUpako dvArA nirAkArabhAvamAM sajIvAropaNa dvArA vastunuM nirUpaNa thatuM hoya che, 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdhamAM paramahaMsa rAjA ane cetanA rANInuM, 'vivekavaNajhAro'-premAnaMdamAM vivekarUpI vaNajhAranuM, "jIvarAja zeThanI musApharI (jIvarAma bhaTTa) vagere aneka dIrdha rUpakakAvyo jANItAM che. narasiMha, mIrAM, dhIro, dayArAma vagere anekanAM keTalAMka padomAM paNa saLaMga vANijya AdinAM rUpako gUMthAyelAM che. - bAramAsIno kAvyaprakAra, phAgunI jema, madhyakALamAM khUba kheDAyo che. eka eka mahinAnuM eka eka padamAM varNana karI bAre mAsanA viziSTa varNana sAthe, nAyikAviraha AlekhatA A prakAramAM, mukhyapaNe vipralaMbha zRMgAra sAthe karuNanuM nirUpaNa hoya che. aMta milanathI Ave che. ratnAnA ane rAjenA mahinA prasiddha che. tatkAlIna samAjajIvanamAM paradeza jatA puruSonA dIrgha pravAso sAthe A prakArane najIkano saMbaMdha che. kRSNa-rAdhAnuM jainetara mATe tema nemi-rAjulanuM virahagAna jaina kavio mATe avalaMbanarUpa hatuM. jaina kavioe A prakAranAM pada, vAra, tithio, mahinAonI racanA karI che. neminAtha catuSyadikA" neminAtha rAjimatI bAramAsa' temaja aneka apragaTa bAramAsIo AnAM udAharaNo che. judA judA kavioe asADa, caitra ema judAjudA mahinAthI kAvyano AraMbha karyo che. bAramAsanuM cakra keTalAka kavioe jJAnopadeza mATe paNa nirUpyuM che. akho, prItama jevAnA "jJAnamAsa' enAM udAharaNo che. lokasAhityamAM AvatAM RtugIto, lokakathAnI bAramAsIo paNa sukhyAta che 'mAdhavAnala-kAmakaMdalAprabaMdhamAM virahanI tema bhoganI bAramAsI vaNI lIdhI che. A uparAMta mRta svajananuM smaraNa gAtAM maraziyAnAM RtukAvya, kaNabInA bAramAsa

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62 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 jevI kRtio paNa racAI che. chaMda prakAramAM mukhyatve devastuti ja hoya che. IzvarI chaMda' (zrIdhara), 'bhayaNa chaMda' (mayaNaba), 'aMbikA chaMda' (kIrtimeru), 'aMbikAno chaMda', 'bhavAnIno chaMda', (nAkara), 'raMgaratnAkaraneminAthachaMda' 'zrIsUryadIvA-vAda chaMda' (lAvaNyasamaya), 'bhAratI chaMda' (saMghavijaya), 'zAradA chaMda', rAva jetasIro chaMda', 'guNaratnAkara chaMda' vageremAM deva-devInI stutio, stotro, zRMgAranAM nirUpaNo, ciratra tema saMvAda paNa che. 'nemiraMgaratnAkarachaMda'mAM paurANika paNa udAtta prasaMga AlekhAyo che. 'ramaNallachaMda' e vI22sanuM judA ja prakAranuM kAvya che. jhaDajhamakavALI bhASAnA e prabaMdha ja che. carcarI e rAsanI jema utsavAdi prasaMge gavAtI racanAne apAyelI saMjJA che. evI ja eka saMjJA 'hamacaDI'-hIMca paNa che. jaina gacchonI AcArya-paraMparAnA varNana mATe paTTAvalI'-gurvAvalI' paNa lakhAI che. upadezapradhAna padyasAhityamAM 'mAtRkA-kakkA'mAM mAsa, tithi, vAranI saMkalanAnI jema varNamAlAnI kaDIbaddha saMkalanA jovA maLe che. 'prAcIna gurjarakAvyasaMgraha'mAM AvI . keTalIka prAcIna kRtio saMgrahAI che. emAM pratyeka varNathI prAraMbhAIne padyo racAyAM che. ene pAchaLathI bAvanI' evuM nAma paNa apAyuM che. akho, prItama jevAe paNa A prakAra kheDyo che. e ja rIte, vyavahAra-salAha vagere ApavA mATe hitazikSA'no prakAra paNa lakhAyo che. bhojA jevA kavie samAja vageremAM jovA maLatAM daMbha mATe 'cAbakhA'no prakAra Apyo che. hAsya-kaTAkSa dvArA upadeza ane sudhAraNAno hetu emAM samAyelo che. dhIrAe enAM padone 'kAphI' saMjJA ApI che. nAmeha' nAmA' prakAramAM pArasIoe keTalAka caritragraMtho ApyA che. 'jharathostanAmeha' ane 'siyAvakSanAmeha' enA namUnA che. RtunI anubhavavANIne AlekhatAM bhaDalI vAkyo paNa gujarAtImAM jANItAM che. emAM dIrgha anubhava ane kudaratanA nirIkSaNane AdhAre keTalAMka pariNAmo sUtrAtmaka rIte sacavAyAM che. kheDUta vargamAM, varasAda vagere aMgenAM keTalAMka duhApadyo atyaMta pracalita che. Rturahasyone saMkSepamAM pragaTa karatI e vANI, bhaviSyavANI tarIke pracAra pAmI che. lAMbA anubhava pachI RtupalaTAomAM jovA maLatA keTalAka niyamo emAM chaTAdAra vANImAM vyakta thayA che. saMdarbhanoMdha 1. 'gujarAtI kAvyaprakAro', pR. 146 e ja pR 146 2.

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madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUpo padyasAhitya) 63 3. e ja, pR. 149 4. e ja, pR. 153 5 "kAvyAdarza, dvitIya pariccheda, zloka : 3 6. e ja, dvitIya pariccheda zloka 2 7 e ja zloka 3 8. "gujarAtI kAvyaprakAro pR. 195 9. Thakkara vasanajI vyAkhyAnamALA, graMtha ane graMthakAra pustaka : 2, pR. 215 10. madhyakALano sAhityapravAhI khaMDa-5, vibhAga-3, pR. 56 11. "sAhitya ane vivecana' bhAga-2 pR. 2para 12. "kaccha garabAvaLI- dalapatarAma 13. rAsakuMja' (bIjI AvRtti)nI prastAvanA 14. "raDhiyALI rAta' bhAga-2, pR. 153 15. "gujarAtI kAvyaprakAro', pR. 158 16. dharatInuM dhAvaNa bhAga-2.' pR. 19 17 "gujarAtI kAvyaprakAro', pR. 102 18. "madhyakAlIna gujarAtI AkhyAna, zazIna ojhA, pR. 160 19. gujarAtI kAvyaprakAro', pR. 112 20 akho eka adhyayana' (1941), pR. 30 21. prAcIna gurjara kAvya', prastAvanA, 1927

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64 3 jaina sAhitya-1 (I.sa. 150 -1608) ramaNalAla cI. zAha I.sa.nA bAramA zatakamAM zarU thayelA prAcIna gujarAtI jaina sAhityano pravAha I.sa.nA 150 thI 1600 sudhInA doDhaso varSanA gALAmAM vadhAre puSTa ane vegavALo bane che. A gALAmAM nAnAmoTA baso karatAM vadhu jaina sAdhu ane zrAvaka kavioe potAnuM kAvyapUra vahevaDAvyuM che. rAsa, phugu ane bAramAsInA prakAromAMthI rAsano kAvyaprakAra A gALAmAM sauthI vadhu kheDAyelo che. jUnI dhATI pramANe so karatAMye ochI kaDInI, ghaNuM kharuM eka ja racanAbaMdhamAM lakhAyelI, thoDIka rAsakRtio paNa ApaNane A gALAmAM maLe che, to ThIka ThIka vistAravALI, bhASA, vaNi, adhikAra, kaDavaka ke prastAvamAM vibhakta thayelI lagabhaga traNa hajAra karatAMya vadhu kaDImAM lakhAyelI, sudIrdha rAsakRtio paNa ApaNane sAMpaDe che. kavio kayAreka kathAvastuvihIna, mAtra upadezAtmaka rAkRtionI paNa racanA kare che, paNa ekaMdare to surasika ane savistara kathAnako tarapha have rAsakAronI najara pahoMcI che. prasaMgone teo bahalAve che. varNano, alaMkAro, subhASitono upayoga vadhyo che. ane kathAvastu para nirbhara evuM upadezanuM gAna to emanI racanAnA mULamAM ja raheluM che. A doDhaso varSanA gALAmAM ApaNane baso karatAMye vadhu rAkRtio jovA maLe che ane naSTa thayelI kRtionI vAta bAju para rAkhIe to paNa, bhaMDAromAM ke vyaktio pAse sacavAI rahelI ane nahi noMdhAyelI evI kRtio paNa haju ghaNI haze. je noMdhAyelI kRtio che temAMthI prakAzita thayelI kRtio to jUja che. ghaNI badhI kRtio to haju aprakAzita ja che, ane e badhI prakAzita thatAM (je thatAM alabatta haju saheje eka saikA karatAM paNa vadhu samaya jaze) e kRtionA savigata abhyAsa sAthe A samayanA sAhityano itihAsa navesarathI lakhAvo jarUrI banaze. A gALAmAM rAsanuM kada jema vistAra pAmyuM tema enA kathAvastunuM phalaka paNa ThIka ThIka vistAra pAmyuM. temAM mAtra custa dhArmika viSayonI maryAdA na rahetAM, caritra

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-1600) 65 uparAMta itihAsa ane lokakathAnA kSetra sudhI te vistAra pAme che. emAMnAM keTalAMka kathAnako jena dharmagraMthomAMthI levAyAM che, to keTalAMka lokakathAmAMthI levAyAM che ane tene jaina svarUpa apAyuM che. alabatta, A badhAM kathAnakonI pasaMdagI pAchaLa kavinuM dhyeya to dharmopadeza ApavAnuM ja rahyuM che. A gALAmAM lakhAyelI rAsakRtiomAM A rIte madanarekhA, trivikrama, zAlibhadra, vidyAvilAsa, dharmadatta, darzArNabhadra, RSabhadeva, bharata-bAhubali, matsyodarakumAra, jAvaDa,bhAvaDa, rohiNIA cora, ArdikumAra, caMdanabALA, sthUlibhadradevarAja-vaccharAja, sanatakumAra, sAgaradatta, kuladhvajakumAra, suMdararAjA, lalitAMgakumAra, gajasukamAla, gajasiMhakumAra, rAjA vikrama, zrIpALa rAjA, IlAtIputra, RSidarA, ratnAsArakumAra, yazodhara, kalAvatI, kamalAvatI, caMpakamAlA, agaDadatta, zIlavatI, sumati-nAgila, teTalIputra, bApA khumANa, aMbaDa, meghakumAra, harizcandra, kSullakakumAra, subAhu, rAjasiMha, zivadara, mAdhavAnala, gorAbAdala, mArUDholA, tejasAra, zAMbapradyumna, mahAbaLa, zAMtinAtha, kanaka zeTha, rUpacaMdakuMvara, prabhAvatI, surasuMdarI, ratnakumAra ityAdinAM kathAnako levAyAM che. rAsanI apekSAe phAgu, bAramAsI, vivAhalo, ItyAdi prakAranI kRtio A gALAmAM eTalI moTI saMkhyAmAM nathI lakhAI. bIjI bAju, stavana, sajajhAya, pUjA, chaMda ItyAdi prakAranI kRtionI racanA A gALAmAM savizeSa thavA lAgI hatI. stavana e geya prakAranI pAMcasAta kaDInI laghu racanA che. stavana zabda sUcave che te pramANe e stutinA prakAranI kRti che. jene kavio bahudhA potAnA tIrthakaranI stuti A geya racanAmAM kare che. tIrthaMkaranA guNonI prazaMsA karatAM karatAM keTalIka vAra kavi potAnA AtmAnA uddhAra mATe prabhune prArthe che ane ema karatAM keTalIka vAra potAnA mananA bhAvo vyakta kare che. AthI stavana e UrmikAvyano prakAra bane che. paraMtu badhAM ja stavano zuddha UrmikAvyanI koTimAM besI zake evAM nathI. keTalIka vAra kavi covIsa tIrthakaro uparAMta vIsa viharamAna jinezvaro athavA keTalAMka suprasiddha tIrtho ane mahAna parvone uddezIne paNa stavanonI racanA kare che. stavana e derAsaromAM caityavaMdana karatI vakhate athavA koI dhArmika kriyA karatI vakhate gAvAnI racanA che. uttarakAlIna keTalAka kavioe pratyeka tIrthakara mATe eka stavana ema covIsa tIrthakara mATe covIsa stavananA gucchanI racanA karI che. e prakArano stavanaguccha covIsInA nAmathI oLakhAya che. sattaramA-aDhAramA saikAmAM chUTaka stavano uparAMta covIsInI racanA puSkaLa thayelI che ane yazovijayajI jevA kavie to eka nahi paNa traNa evI covIsInI racanA karI che. e samayamAM to stavananA prakAranI kRtiomAM tattvavicAraNAne paNa keTalAka kavioe gUMthI lIdhI che. ane keTalIkavAra stavana eka laghu racanA na rahetAM 350 jeTalI kaDInI sudIrgha racanA

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66 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 paNa banI che. stavana uparAMta sajajhAya athavA sajhAya (svAdhyAya parathI)nA prakAranI racanAo paNa A samayamAM ThIkaThIka lakhAI che. jaina maMdiromAM stuti mATe jema stavananA prakAranI racanAo thaI tema jaina upAzrayamAM pratikramaNa ke anya dhArmika vividha mATe, to kyAreka kevaLa svAdhyAya mATe, A prakAranI geya racanAo lakhAvA lAgI. emAM evA viSayo pasaMda karavAmAM AvatA ke jethI pApanI AlocanA thAya, kaSAyono kSaya thAya, jIvana zuddha bane ane karmakSaya thatAM AtmA unnata dazA prApta kare. AthI sajajhAyono hetu ke upadeza AtmaciMtanano raheto. aDhAra pApasthAna, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, navatattva, bAra vrata, aSTakarma, agiyAra bola, ItyAdi ghaNA viSayo para sajajhAyo lakhAyelI che. kyAreka koI prasaMga ke kathAnaka parathI ke AtmaciMtananA hetuthI lakhAyelI sajajhAyomAM tevA prasaMga ke kathAnakanuM saMkSepamAM nirUpaNa thayeluM hoya che. pAMca pAMDavanI sajajhAya, soLa satInI sajajhAya, khaMdhakasUrinI sajajhAya vIrasena sajajhAya, daDhaprahArI sajajhAya ItyAdi sajajhAyomAM e pramANe nirUpaNa jovA maLaze. jaina maMdiromAM savArasAMja stuti karavAne arthe stavano lakhAyAM. ghare ke upAzrayamAM savAra sAMja pratikramaNa arthe ane anya samaye sAmAyika vagere dhArmika kriyA karatI vakhate svAdhyAya arthe sajajhAyo lakhAI. prabhAtamAM UThI tarata gAvA mATe prabhAtiyAM athavA chaMda lakhAyAM. taduparAMta A samayamAM bIjo eka prakAra vikasyo te pUjAno che. tIrthakara bhagavAnanI pratimAne vidhipUrvaka snAna prakSAla) karAvI pUjA karavA mATe snAtrapUjA nAmanI kRtio lakhAI. vaLI khAsa prasaMge baporanA samaye tIrthakara bhagavAnanI snAtrapUjA karatAM karatAM utsavanI jema vAjiMtro sahita gAvA mATenI pUjAnA prakAranI racanAo lakhAI, jenI paraMparA Aje paNa mUrtipUjaka jainomAM cAlu che. A pUjAomAM uttara-kAlIna kavi vIravijayanI pUjAo ghaNI ja lokapriya banI gaI hatI ane Aje paNa ghaNe bhAge vIravijayanI pUjAo gavAya che. paNa vIravijaya pahelAM paNa, I.sa. 1400thI 1600nA gALAmAM kavi depALa, sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya, sAdhukIrti, prItivimala, ItyAdi kavioe A prakArane kheDyo che. doDhaso varSanA A gALAmAM ane tyAra pachInA samayamAM lakhAyelI saMkhyAbaMdha pUjAgRtiomAM aSTaprakAra, paMcakalyANaka, vIsasthAnaka navapada bAvrata aMtarAyakarma, sattarabheda pistAlIsa Agama, cosaTha prakAra, navANuM prakAra, aSTapada, RSimaMDala, paMcajJAna, 108 prakAra, paMca mahAvrata ityAdi viSayo levAyA che ane enI racanAo vividha rAgarAgeNIomAM thayelI che. kadamAM te pacAsa-sATha kaDIthI baso karatAM ye vadhu kaDImAM lakhAyelI che. I.sa. 1450 thI 1600 sudhInA gALAmAM lakhAyelI vividha prakAranI ATalI

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450 -1600) 6 7 badhI kRtionuM mUlyAMkana karavAnuM kArya saraLa nathI, kAraNa ke temAMnI ghaNIbadhI hajI aprakAzita che. eTale zakya teTalA kavionI ane temanI kRtiono piracaya ahIM ApaNe karIzuM. harasevaka harasevaka nAmanA prathama graMthanA samaya-gALAmAM thayelA) kavie mayaNarehAno rAsa nAmanI eka rAsakRtinI racanA saM. 1413 mAM (I.sa. 1357) kukaDI gAmamAM cAturmAsa daramiyAna karelI jaNAya che. karyo comAso zabdo parathI jaNAya che ke A koI zrAvaka-gRhastha nahi paNa sAdhu kavi hovA joIe, joke emAM emaNe potAnA guruno ke paraMparAno kaMI nirdeza karyo nathI. A rAsanI racanA kavie 187 kaDImAM karI che. emAM emaNe madanarekhAno vRttAMta varNavyo che. AraMbhamAM kavie paranArIgamananA vyasanano nirdeza karyo che. avaMti dezanA sudarzana nAmanA nagaranA rAjA maNirathanI kudRSTi potanA nAnA bhAI yugabAhunI pativratA patnI madanarekhA 52 5De che, eTale madanarekhAne meLavavA mATe kAmasakta maNi2tha nAnA bhAI yugabAhune mArI nAkhe che. madanarekhAne tenI khabara paDatAM te nAsI chUTe che ane cAritra dhAraNa kare che ane bIjI bAju maNiratha rAjA sarpadaMzathI mRtyu pAme che. kavinI bhASAmAM rAjasthAnI bhASAnI asara vizeSa jaNAya che. zAlisUri mANikyasuMdarasUrie emanA pRthvIcaMdra-carita (2.I. 1422)mAM, zAlisUrinA virATaparvamAMthI paMktio uddhRta karI che e 52thI A kavino samaya I.1422 pahelAMno gaNI zakAya. dakSiNagograhaNa (101 zloka) ane uttaragograhaNa (82 zloka) evA be khaMDomAM racAyelI virATaparva (mudrita) betraNa bAbate vizeSa dhyAnapAtra che : (1) virATaparvanA kathAnakanuM Alekhana A kRtimAM jaina mahAbhAratanI paraMparAne nahIM paNa mULa vyAsakRta mahAbhAratane anusare che. ane anya madhyakAlIna kavionI virATaparvakathAone mukAbale e saghana che. mahattvanA prasaMgo para ja dhyAna kendrita kare che. pahelA khaMDamAM, draupadI 52 mohita thayelA kIcaka ane enA bhAIonA bhImadvArA thayelA vadhanuM temaja suzarmA ane virATa vacce thayelA yuddhanuM Alekhana che ne bIjA khaMDamAM virATa rAjAnA putra uttare arjunanI madadathI kauravone harAvyAnuM kathAnaka AlekhAyuM che. (2) kavie mAtrAmeLane badale vividha akSarameLa chaMdo prayojyA che. indravajA- upandravajA, rathoddhatA, svAgatA, krutavilaMbita, vasaMtatilakA, mAlinI jevA

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68 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 chaMdo kavie kuzaLatAthI prayojyA che. ne kyAMka eka ja zlokamAM chaMdanAM mizraNo paNa yojyAM che. je kavinuM chaMdaprabhutva batAve che (3) kRtimAM sahaja saMyojana pAmelI lokoktio A kRtinI trIjI mahattvanI vizeSatA che. Avati lakhami pAI kuNa blaI (da.gograhaNa, zloka-10), kimaI ajANiu lunaiva khAI (da.go. ra6: caMdri Aja tujha nAmu lihAvauM (da.go:22), vagere. A kAraNe madhyakAlIna virATaparva. kRtiomAM zAlisUrinI kRti nokhI tarI Ave che. depALa / depo I.sa.nA paMdaramA zatakanA aMtabhAgamAM depALa (devapAla) nAmanA kavie rAsa, phAgu, dhavala, hariyALI, pUjA, bhAsa ityAdi prakAranI tera jeTalI kRtionI racanA karelI maLe che, emAMnI ghaNIkharI aprasiddha che. kavi RSabhadAse I.sa. 16 14mAM saM. 1670mAM) racelA potAnA kumArapALarAsamAM potAnA purogAmI kaviono ullekha karyo che temAM depALano paNa nirdeza karyo che. haMsarAja, vAcho , depAla, mAla hemanI buddhi vizAla, susAdhu, samaro, suracaMda, zItala vacana jima sAradacaMda. kocara vyavahArI rAsamAM nirdeza thayo che te pramANe depAla dilhInA prasiddha desalahAra zAha samaro ane sAraMgano Azrita hato. paraMtu te gujarAtamAM paNa puSkaLa pharyo hato ane eNe ghaNuM kharuM gujarAtamAM rahIne potAnI kRtionI racanA karelI jaNAya che. kavie racelI kRtiomAM zreNika ane abhayakumAranA buddhicAturyane 36 1 kaDIomAM AlekhatI zreNika abhayakumAra caritaH 181 kaDInI jaMbUsvAmI paMcabhava copAI (ra.I.146 6): 350 kaDInI samyakta bAvrata kulaka copAI (ra.I. 1478): 180 kaDIno pAvaDabhAvaDa rAsa, rUDhiprayogo - kahevato - nirUpaNa zailInI vizeSatA batAvatI caMdanabAlA caritracopAI. ra77 kaDInI rohiNeya prabaMdha, 27 kaDInI ArdrakumAra dhavala, tIrthavarNananI kRtio zaMtrujaya caityaparipATI ane pArzvanAtha jIrAulA-rAsa, snAtrapUjA Adi vizeSa noMdhapAtra che. kavi depALa bhojaka hovAne lIdhe saMgItanA tattvanI ene sArI sUjha hoya ema jaNAya che. enI kRtionI bhASAmAM prAsAnuprAsa, prAsAdikatA, chaMda-bAnInI chaTA ane layabaddhatAnuM tattva tarata najare caDe che. u.ta. jaMbUsvAmI paMcabhavavarNana copAImAM e lakhe che : goyama gaNahara pala namI ArAhitu arihaMta hRdayakamala ahanisa vasaI bhavabhaMjaNa bhagavaMta.

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-16O) 69 bhavabhaMjaNa bhagavaMtanuM ANa akhaMDa vahesi, sIla ziromaNi guNa nilauM, jaMbu kumara vaNesu. traSivardhana aMcala gacchanA jayakIrtisUrinA A ziSyanI mAtra eka ja kRti maLe che nArAja cupaI. madhyakALamAM naLadamayaMtInI kathA jaina paraMparA pramANe nala-davadaMtInI kathA) vize lakhAyelI rAsakRtiomAM I.sa. 14pa6 (saM. 1512) mAM racAyelI A kRti A gALAnI noMdhapAtra kRti che. nalarAja cupaI athavA nalarAya-davadaMtIcaritanA nAmanI A kRtinI racanA kavie duhA, copAI ane bhinna bhinna dezIomAM prayojelI DhALomAM karI che. kadanI dRSTie A rAsa nAno che. lagabhaga sADAtraNaso jeTalI kaDInI A saLaMga racanAmAM kavi zrI zAMtinAtha bhagavAnane praNAma karI rAsanI zarUAta kare che. rAsanA kathAvastu mATe kavie mukhyatve AdhAra lIdho che - hemacaMdrAcAryata triSaSTizalAkApuraSacaritrano, eTale ke jaina paraMparAnusAra cAlI AvatI naladavadaMtInI kathAno. naladavadaMtInI jaina kathA enA pUrva bhavonA vRttAMttathI-vIramatI ane mammaNanA bhavanI ane dhaNa dhUsarInA bhavanI kathAthI-zarU thAya che ane kavie paNa e ja pramANe Alekhana karyuM che. paraMtu kavie AraMbhanA bhAgamAM ja prayojelI naladavadaMtInA mAhAbhyane varNavatI nIcenI kaDI keTalIka DhAlonI dhruvakaDI tarIke paNa prayojelI jaNAya che. kadAca lahiyAoe paNa e pramANe karyuM hoya. puNya tiloka nalahavikhyAta, mahAsatI bhImI avadAta : jima jima zravaNe suNII cheka, tima tima jAgaI dharma viveka naladavadaMtInA pUrvabhavanA Alekhana pachI duhAmAM naLanuM ane ulAlAnI DhAlamAM davadaMtInuM citra kavie khaDuM karyuM che. ochI chatAM kAvyaguNayukta paMktiomAM A Alekhana thayuM hovAthI te kaMIka viziSTatAvALuM banyuM che. niSadha rAjAnA rAjyanI samRddhinuM ane naLanA janmamahotsavanuM kavie kareluM varNAnuprAsayukta varNana paNa dhyAna kheMce evuM che. yauvani caDIya saMpUraI, ratiraMbhA mada cUraI evI davadaMtInuM svayaMvaramaMDapamAM Agamana thayuM, te samayanuM kavie AlekheluM citra paNa manohara che. naladavadaMtInA lagnaprasaMganA nirUpaNamAM kavinA samayanI lagna vidhinuM pratibimba paDeluM jaNAya che. navaraMga cUMdaDI oDhI naLarAjAnuM enI bahene lUNa utAryuM evo ahIM kavie karelo nirdeza sAmAnya rIte naLadamayaMtI vizenI anya kRtiomAM jovA maLato nathI. vanamAM naLadavadaMtI vikhUTAM paDe che te ghaTanA pachI naLanI tapAsa mATe bhIma rAjAe mokalelo brAhmaNa naLadevadaMtInI kathAnuM nATaka bhajavIne huMDika e ja naLa

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70 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa- 1 che ema zodhI kADhe che te kavie varNavelI ghaTanA jaina paraMparAnI nalakathAmAM nathI. paraMtu kavie te rAmacandrasUrinA navavilAsa nATakamAMthI lIdhelI jaNAya che. naLa chevaTe bhautika sukhamAM jIvana pasAra kare che te samaye ene enA svargastha pitA niSadha devalokamAMthI AvIne upadeza Ape che te prasaMga kavie saMkSepamAM sarasa mUkyo che : caMcala yauvana, dhana, saMsAri, viSa jima viSaya duHkha bhaMDAra, jIvana bhogi tRpata na thAI, puNya pApa be sAthi jAI. rAsanI chellI be kaDImAM kavi potAnI guruparaMparA, rAsanI racanAtAla, racanAsthaLa ane lazruti jaNAvI rAsa pUro kare che. kavino A rAsa kadamAM nAno che kAraNa ke e samaye haju lAMbA rAsa lakhAtA nahi, paraMtu ethI kavine prasaMgonA nirUpaNamAM ghaNI jhaDapa rAkhavI paDI che, kyAMka to mAtra nirdeza karIne paNa calAvavuM paDyuM che. tema chatAM kavi pAse sArI nirUpaNazakti che enI ApaNane pratIti thAya che. kavinA A rAsanI keTalIka asara naladavadaMtI vizenA keTalA uttarakAlIna rAsa para thayelI jaNAya che. brahmajinadAsa | jinadAsa brahama sakalakIrtinA ziSya brahmajinadAse I.sa.nA paMdaramA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM keTalIka rAkRtionI racanA karI che. digaMbara saMpradAyanA A kavi potAnI kRtimAM brahmajiNadAsa athavA jiNadAsa brahmacArInA nAmathI potAno ullekha kare che. A vidvAna kavie saMskRtamAM rAmacarita nAmano graMtha lakhyo che, jemAM dareka sargane aMte bhaTTAraka zrI sakalakIrti ziSya brahmacArI viracita' ema ApyuM che. digaMbaromAM sAdhu thavA mATe prathama brahmacArI thavuM joIe. jinadAsa brahmacArInI avasthAmAM hatA tyAre ja emaNe A badhI kRtionI racanA karI che. emaNe racelI kRtiomAM duhAbaddha 204 kaDInI sugaMdhadazamI kathA viziSTa che. suMgadhadazamI vratano vividha lokapriya DhALomAM mahimA AlekhatI A kRti A paraMparAnI eka noMdhapAtra kRti che. emanI rAsakRtiomAM harivaMzarAsa (I.sa. 1464), yazodhara rAsa AdinAtha rAsa, zreNika rAsa, karakuMDa rAsa, hanumaMta rAsa samakita sArA rAsa, sAsaravAsono rAsa eTalA rAsa upalabdha che. A uparAMta dharmapacIsI nAmanI 27 kaDInI eka hiMdI laghukRti paNa upalabdha che. kavinI bhASA saraLa che ane upamA dRgaMta ityAdi alaMkAro kavi sahaja rIte prayoje che ne emAM hiMdI - rAjasthAnInI chAMTa paNa varatAya che. vaccha bhaMDArI vaDatapagacchanA jJAnasAgarasUrinA bhakta zrAvaka vaccha bhaMDArIe racelI jIvabhavasthitirAsa,

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-160071 mRgAMkalekhA rAsa ane navapallava pArzva kalaza e traNa kRtio maLe che. kavie pote nirdeza karyo che te pramANe emaNe I.sa. 146 7nI phAgaNa suda 13ne ravivAre jIvabhavasthiti rAsanI racanA pUrNa karI che. siddhAnta rAsa athavA pravacanasAra evAM bIjAM be nAma dharAvatI A kRtinI racanA be hajAra karatAM ye vadhu kaDImAM vividha rAga ane dezamAM thayelI che. A kRtimAM kavie jIvanI bhavasthitinuM varNana saiddhAnika carcA sAthe karyuM che. kavi lakhe cheH ANi pariI jIvabhava sthiti, te ati alakSa apAra, eka jIva Asana bhava taraI. eka phiraI anaMta saMsAri. kavinI bIjI kRti mRgAMkalekhA rAsa pahelAM karatAM kadamAM nAnI che. emAM racanAtAlano spaSTa ullekha hoya ema jaNAyuM nathI. paraMtu te Azare I.sa. 1488 pahelAMnI hoya ema jaNAya che. 400 jeTalI kaDImAM lakhAyelI A rAsakatimAM kavino Azaya mRgAMkalekhA satInuM caritra AlekhavAno che ane A dvArA zIlano mahimA darzAvavAno che. kavi gautama gaNadharane praNAma karIne sIla siromaNi evI mRgAMkalekhanA vRttAntano prAraMbha kare che. ujjainI nagarInA avaMtIsena rAjAnA maMtrI matisAranI rUpaguNavatI dharmaniSThA putrI mRgAMkalekhAnAM lagna sAgaracaMdra nAnA zreSThiputra sAthe thAya che. paNa koIka kAraNe gerasamaja thavAthI te mRgAMkalekhAne bolAvato nathI ane dezAvara cAlyo jAya che. sAteka varSa e rIte vItyA pachI dharmadhyAnamAM samaya vitAvatI mRgAMkalekhAne sAgaracaMdra eka vAra daivI guTikAnI madadathI rAtorAta lAMbu aMtara kApI guptapaNe maLavA Ave che ane pAcho cAlyo jAya che. pariNAme sagarbhA banelI mRgAMkalekhAne asatI gaNI kADhI mUkavAmAM Ave che. vanamAM te putrane janma Ape che ane keTaleka samaye eno putra paNa vanamAM guma thaI jAya che. tyArapachI eka pachI eka saMkaTomAM AvI paDatI mRgAMkalekhA eka yA bIjI yuktithI potAnA zIlane bacAve che ane chevaTe potAnA sAgaracaMdra patine ane putrane meLave che ane sukhamAM varSo vItAve che. duhA, copAI, ane vividha dezInI DhAlamAM racAyelI A kRtimAM kavi upadeza pradhAna addabhutarasika kathAvastu pravAhI ane vegavaMtI zailIe Alekhe che. navapallava pArzvanAtha kalaza nAmanI laghukRtimAM kavi vaccha bhaMDArIe saurASTramAM AvelA maMgaLapuramAMgaroLanA pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanI stuti karI che. lAvaNyasamaya kavi lAvaNyasamaya I.sa. paMdaramA saikAnA eka samartha kavi thaI gayA. vIra jinezvara

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72 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 kero ziSya gautama nAma japo nizadiza e paMktithI zarU thato emano gautama svAmIno chaMda Aja divasa sudhI jainomAM rojeroja gavAto Avyo che. eTale ke sAdhAraNa jaina samAja Aje paNa yazovijayajI, AnaMdaghanajI, jinaharSa udayaratna, padmavijaya, devacaMdra, vIravijaya ItyAdi kaviothI jema suparicita che tema lAvaNyasamayathI paNa suparicita che. lAvaNyasamayano janma I.sa. 1465mAM amadAvAdamAM ajadarapurAmAM thayo hato. emanA pitAnuM nAma zrIdhara ane mAtAnuM nAma jhamakaladevI hatuM. lAvaNyasamayanuM janmanAma lahurAja (laghurA) hatuM. e samaye ajadarapurAmAM jaina maMdiranI pAse AvelA upAzrayamAM muni samayaratna birAjamAna hatA. zrIdhare emane bahurAjanA janmAkSara batAvyA. te joI samayarane kahyuM : A bALaka mahAna tapasvI, koI moTo yati, mahAvidvAna ane bahu tIrthayAtrA karanAro thaze. muni samayaratnanA kahevAthI mAtA pitAe lahurAjane navame varSe dIkSA ApavAnuM nakkI karyuM ane te mujaba ene pATaNamAM samayaratnanA guru lakSmIsAgarasUrinA haste dIkSA ApavAmAM AvI ane tenuM nAma lAvaNyasamaya rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. muni samayaratna lAvaNyasamayane nAnI vayathI ja sAruM adhyayana karAvyuM hatuM. soLame varSe to lAvaNyasamaya kavitAnI racanAkaravA lAgyA hatA. emaNe lakhelA vimalaprabaMdhanI cUlikAmAM teo potAne vize jaNAve che: navamaI varasi dikhavara dIdha, samayaratna guri vidyA dIdha, sarasati mAta mayA tava lahI, varasa solama vANI huI, raciyA rAsa suMdara-saMbaMdha, chaMda kavita cupaI prabaMdha, vividha gIta bahu kariyA vivAda racI A dipasUri saMvAda, sarasa kathA harIAlI kavaI, moTA maMtrIrAya raMjavaI, kavi lAvaNyasamaye rAsa, prabaMdha, copAI, saMvAda, vivAhalo, stavana, sajhAya, chaMda, hamacaDI, hariyALI, vinatI ItyAdi prakAranI 42 jeTalI nAnI moTI kRtionI racanA karI che. emanA samayamAM teo eka prabhAvazALI paMDita kavi hatA. e samayanA musalamAna rAjyakartAo paNa lAvaNyasamayanuM ghaNuM mAna jALavatA hatA. mevADanA mahArANA ratnasiMhanA maMtrI karmAzAhe zatrujya tIrthano sAtamo jIrNoddhAra karAvyo te A lAvaNyasamayanA upadezathI karAvyo hato evo nirdeza zatrujya uparanA I.sa. 1522 nA zilAlekhamAM Aje paNa joI zakAya che. lAvaNyasamaya kyAre kALadharma pAmyA te nizcitapaNe jANI zakAtuM nathI, paraMtu I.sa. 1533 mAM emaNe amadAvAdamAM yazobhadrasUri rAsanI ranA karI che tyAM sudhI eTale ke aDasaTha varSanI uMmara sudhI teo vidyamAna hatA ema kahI zakAya. emanI kRtiomAMthI ghaNIkharI kRtio prakAzita thaI cUkI che. emanI keTalIka

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-1600) 73 mahattvanI kRtio A mujaba che. vimalaprabaMdha emanI kRtiomAM sauthI samartha ane yazadAyI kRti te vimalaprabaMdha che. I.sa. 1512mAM kavie enI racanA karI che. cUlikA sahita nava khaMDanI 1356 jeTalI kaDImAM lakhAyelI A kRtine kavie emAM prabaMdha uparAMta keTaleka sthaLe rAsa tarIke athavA rAprabaMdha tarIke oLakhAvI che, paraMtu svarUpe te prabaMdhanA prakAranI ja che. alabatta e jema prabaMdha che, tema caritAtmaka padyakRti paNa che, kAraNa ke solaMkI yugamAM rAjA bhIma pahelAnA samayamAM thaI gayelA suprasiddha jaina maMtrI vimalanuM caritra emAM AlekhAyuM che. vimala maMtrIe Abu parvata para delavADAmAM baMdhAvela vimalavasahI nAmanuM jaina maMdira enI kalAkAmagarIne kAraNe Aje to jagatabharamAM suprasiddha che. kavi lAvaNyasamayanA samayamAM paNa enI kIrti cAre bAju prasarelI hatI ja ane vimalamaMtrInuM jIvana AdaraNIya ane anukaraNIya hatuM. ethI kavie e dvArA dharmano mahimA gAvA ane dharmopadeza ApavAnA hetuthI A kRtinI racanA karelI che. vimala maMtrInA samaya pachI lagabhaga pAMcaso varSe kavi lAvaNyasamaye A kRtinI racanA karI che, je samaye alabatta kavi hovA chatAM emAM aitihAsika ghaTanAonA AlekhananA pramANa karatAM sAmAjika ane dhArmika bAbatonuM nirUpaNa vizeSa thayuM che. ItihAsa ane kavitAnI daSTie nahi eTaluM sAmAjika paristhiti ane lokAcAranA nirupaNanI dRSTie enuM mUlya che. tema chatAM ItihAsanA saMzodhana mATe te mahattvanI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che emAM paNa zaMkA nathI. vimalaprabaMdhamAM kAnhaDade prabaMdhanI sarakhAmaNIe kathApravAha maMda gatie vahe che. vaLI emAM prasaMgo paNa, kRtinA kadanI apekSAe ochA che. A prabaMdhamAM vimala maMtrInA jIvanane ja mukhyapaNe AlekhavAno kavino Azaya hovAthI te prazastikAvya jevo banI jAya che. emAM zrI vIramatI, rAjA bhImadeva, ThaThAnagarano rAja, romanagaranA sulatAno ane emanI bIbIo, jaina sAdhu dharmaghoSasUri ItyAdi gauNa pAtronuM Alekhana paNa eTaluM surekha thayuM che. vimalanA pAtrAlekhanamAM enAM rAjadvArI kAryone jeTaluM prAdhAnya apAyuM che, enA karatAM enAM dhArmika kAryone vizeSa prAdhAnya apAyuM che. paraMtu jena sAdhukavine hAthe tema banavuM svAbhAvika che. vastutaH e prakAranA nirupaNa mATe kavie vimala maMtrInA pAtranI yogya ja pasaMdagI karI che. ema kahI zakAya. A prabaMdhanI racanA kavie mukhyatve copAInA baMdhamAM karI che ane emAM duhA, vastu, pavADu, dezIonA DhALano paNa upayoga karyo che. kavinI bAnI kyAreka prasAdamaya to kyAreka ojasavaMtI bane che. kavie A prabaMdhamAM alaMkAromAM upamA

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74 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 uparAMta arthAntaranyAsano paNa ThIkaThIka upayoga karyo che. pariNAme emanI keTalIka paMktio subhASita ke kahevata jevI banI gaI che. u. ta- eka vayarI, viSavelaDI e bihuM, trIjI vyAdhi, jAu ugatI chedIi, tu siri huI samAdhi. kaDU phala navi lAgaI aMbi, sonaI kihuI na lAgaI aMkhi. mANiki mala na baIsaI sAra, sIla na cUkaI vimala kuMAra. nAhanauM sIha taNI bAcaDu, moTA mayagalathI te vaDu. bolaI bolaI vAdhaI rADhi, kAMTaI kAMTAI vAdhaI vADi. kaliyuganuM varNana, romanagaranA sulatAnanI bIbIono prasaMga, baMbhaniyAnA rAjA sAtheno yuddhaprasaMga, vimalano caMdrAvatImAM satkAra ItyAdi prasaMgonA nirUpaNamAM kavi lAvaNyasamayanI varNanazaktino sAro paricaya maLI rahe che. dharmopadezapradhAna kRti hovAne kAraNe eno pradhAna rasa zAMta hoya e svAbhAvika che. tema chatAM keTalAka prasaMgonA AlekhanamAM vIrarasa ane hAsyarasanuM paNa acche nirupaNa thayuM che. Ama samagrapaNe jotAM vimalaprabaMdha ApaNA madhyakAlIna sAhityanI ane vizeSataH ApaNA prabaMdhasAhityanI eka mahattvanI kRti che ema avazya kahI zakAya. karasaMvAda jenonA prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva varasItapanA pAraNe zreyAMsakumArane tyAM padhAre che e prasaMge zreyAMsakumAra bhagavAnane IkSarasa vahorAve che. te prasaMge bhagavAnanA be hAthamAMthI kayo hAtha bhikSA mATe AgaLa Ave e vize baMne hAtha vacce vivAda thAya che, ane jamaNo ane DAbo baMne hAtha potapotAnI mahattA batAvavAno prayatna kare che. chevaTe baMnenI mahattA batAvI bhagavAna baMne vacce saMpa karAve che. e "karasaMvAda (racanA I. 1519)nuM kathAvastu che. A kalpita saMvAdanI racanA kavie doharo ane copAInI 70 kaDImAM karI che, jemAM cAturI ane vinodanA tattva uparAMta kavinI sUkSma nirIkSaNa zaktinI ane jyotiSanA jJAnanI pratIti thAya che. (kavi samayasuMdare ane nayanasuMdare anukrame I.sa. 1609 mAM ane I.sa. 16 17 mAM racelA naladavadaMtI rAsamAM paNa davadaMtInA tyAga samaye vastra phADavAnuM kAma naLano kayo hAtha kare e prasaMge karasaMvAdanI yojanA karI che.) nemiraMgaratnAkarachaMda neminAthanA jIvanacaritrane laI madhyakALanA aneka kavioe nAnI-moTI saMkhyAbaMdha

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450 -1600) 75 racanAo karI che. eTale, A viSayanI kRtionI teramI sadIthI ogaNIsamI sadI sudhInI sudIrgha ane samRddha paraMparA jovA maLe che. prastuta kRti e paraMparAmAM ghaNI viziSTa kahI zakAya tevI ane tatkAlIna bhASAsvarUpa temaja sAhityika ane sAMskRtika abhyAsa mATe ghaNI mahattvanI kRti che. A ja kavie neminAtha hamacaDI nAme anya eka racanA paNa karI che. tethI A kRti, viSayanuM prakArAntare punarAvartana na banI 2he tenI kALajI kavie lIdhI che. adhikAra: 1 (90 kaDI) ane adhikA2:2 (162 kaDI) evA be khaMDomAM ahIM neminAthanA janmathI mAMDIne temanA kizoravayanA parAkrama, lagna karavAno temano asvIkAra, yAdava rAjA ugrasena ane rANI zilAdevInI putrI rAjimatI sAthe neminAthanA lagna karAvavAno kRSNano prayatna, vasaMtakhela dvArA kRSNapatnIo ane gopIono neminAthane saMsAra mATe udyukata karavAno prayatna, emanA Agrahane vaza lagna mATe neminAthanI saMmati, lagnaprasaMge bhojanAdi mATe thanArI jIvahiMsAthI neminAthane jAgelI virakti, emano saMsAratyAga, AzAbhaMga rAjimatInI virahavyathA, giranAra parvata 52 neminAthanI tapasyA, dIkSA ane kevalajJAna prApti, rAjimatI ane saMsArIone neminAthanI dezanA evA prasaMgonuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. rAjimatInI virahavedanAnuM varNana karato khaMDa (2.81 thI 111) A kRtino sauthI vadhu AsvAdya aMza che. kavi jeTalA kathAkathanamAM nahIM teTalA bhAvanirUpaNamAM potAnI pratibhAno paricaya Ape che tenA udAharaNa tarIke e noMdhapAtra che. A kAvyAtmaka khaMDa dvA2 kavinI pratibhAno paricaya paNa maLI rahe che. A kathAkhaMDa sAthe neminAtha - rAjimatInA bAramAsA / bAramAsInI paraMparAnI tulanA karI zakAya. virahiNI nAyikAnA manobhAvane pragaTa karatAM keTalAMka sarva sAdharaNa upAdAno emAM kuzaLatAthI prayojAyAM che. rAjimatI athavA koIpaNa virahiNInA saMdarbhe prayojavAnI enI samRddha paraMparA hatI. A paraMparAgata upAdAno uparAMta bAramAsI jevAM virahakAvyonI paraMparA kavie pUrepUrI AtmasAta karI che ne A rAjimatInA virahabhAva nirUpaNamAM saphLatAthI prayojI che : khiNi khATarTI khiNi vATaI loTaI, khiNi uMbara khiNi UbhI oTaiM, khiNi bhItari khiNi valI AMgaNaIe, prIya viNa sUnI valIA gaNaIe.(2.85) suNi suNi sahiyara Aja rAja muja na gamaI dIThauM bhojana kUra kapUra pUra nita lAgaI mIThauM komala kamala mRNAla virahadava-jhAla na jhallaI, priya dIThau parakhi soI mana mAMhaI sallaI (2.100-101)

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76 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa- 1 neminAtha viSayaka kRtiomAM jovA na maLatA hoya evA eka-be prasaMgo A kRtimAM maLe che. eka to, potAnAthI baLavAna nemikumAranA lagna karAvavA e rIte ene saMsAramAM joDI baLahIna karavA)no kaSNaprayatna viziSTa che. e mATe vasaMtakhelanuM Ayojana ane kRSNavadhUo (gopIo) dvArA diyarane paraNavA mATe rAjI karavAnI yukti kavinI AgavI kalpanA che. emAM kRSNa-gopIonA rAsanuM sAdazya joI zakAya tema che. A saMdarbhe prayojAyelo caMdrAulI (kaDI 1-56) zabda rAsalIlAnI paraMparA vize kavinI jANakArI sUcave che. diyara bhojAInA raMgotsava (hoLI)no sAmAjika saMdarbha paNa temAM joI zakAya. A prasaMgamAM gopIo- nemikumAra vacceno saMvAda neminAthaviSayaka pUrvakRtionAM nathI tevuM kavinuM potIkuM umeraNa che. temAM gRhasthajIvananI muzkelIo ane strIsvabhAvanuM, strI dvArA pati para thatA atyAcAronuM samAjacitra jhilAyuM che. e dRSTie tenuM mahattva che. e ja rIte, kAvyanA aMte neminAthano rAjimatIne upadeza paNa kavino viziSTa umero che. madhyakALamAM, jhaDajhamaka prAsAnuprAsavALI bhASAmAM ne vividha mAtrAmeLa (cAraNI) chaMdonA lakhAyelI kRtine chaMda tarIke oLakhAvavAnI rUDha paraMparA hatI. e praNAlikAmAM A kRtine nemiraMgaratnAkara chaMda evuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. jo ke eka hastapratamAM raMgaranAkara prabaMdha evuM zIrSaka jovA maLe che. svayaM kavie ja maMgalAcaraNanA anuSupamAM A banne prakArono eka sAthe nirdeza karyo che : mRtvA zrI zAradAM nemechindobhirvivirdhavare prabandha badhure kurve raMgaratnAkarAbhidham ane nava chaMdabaMdhaI kiya prabaMdhaI, stavika nemijiNasaro (ra.155) jo ke kAnhaDade prabaMdha ke A ja kavinI vimalaprabaMdha jevI prabaMdha-racanAonI jema emAM aitihAsika kathAsaMdarbhanuM lakSaNa jaNAtuM nathI, jaina tIrthaMkara neminAthanuM caritra emAM kendrasthAne che, eTale e caritrAtmaka kathAnakanuM prabaMdhalakSaNa dharAve che. ahIM vaLI, te saLaMga, susaMkalita ne vyavasthita racanA-AyojananuM lakSaNa paNa jALave che, nava nava chaMdaI kavita kahauM (15) e paMktimAM chaMda uparAMta kavita e zabdaprayoga temaja kahau likhI nahIM) e kriyApada e traNe dvArA cAraNI zailInAM racanAlakSaNo spaSTa rIte sUcavAyAM che. kRtimAM chaMdovaividhya ghaNuM che. duhA, roLA, chappo, harigIta, AryA caraNAkuLa (sauthI vadhu A chaMda prayojAyo che.), padmAvatI, tribhaMgI, marahaThA (A traNe nikaTanA chaMda che) dumila, padhaDI padhdhari) vagere chaMdomAM kavi kauzalyano paricaya maLI rahe

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450 -1600) 77 che. chaMdo paNa ghaNA sAphasUtharA che. chaMdanI jema kavinuM bhASAprabhutva paNa prazaMsanIya che. chaMda bhAgye ja kRtrima bane e rIte zabdo sahajatAthI prayojAyA che. samagra kRti zabdalAlityathI ope che. prAsAnuprAsa, khAsa to Antaryamaka ane aMtyAnuprAsa sahaja rIte chatAM dRDhapaNe jaLavAyA che. (ethI chaMdanA nAdasaundaryanI sArI pratIti thAya che). maulika alaMkAronA viniyogathI niSpanna thatI kAvyAtmakatAnI bAbatamAM A kRti AgaLa paDatI che ema kahI zakAtuM nathI. eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMparAgata upAdAno alaMkArono paNa kavi ocho upayoga kare che ethI eka prakAranI sAdagIno anubhava thAya che. anya madhyakAlIna kRtio jema A kRtimAM paNa tatkAlIna samAjasaMdarbha vaNAI gayo hoya tevAM ghaNAM sthAno che. janma, uchera, lagna, AbhUSaNo, paheraveza, rItirivAja, mAnyatAo, utsavo, prathA-paraMparAo vagerene lagatA keTalAka ullekho kRtinI samRddhimAM vadhAro kare che. neminAtha hamacaDI- kavie 84 kaDInI e viSaya 52 hamacaDInA svarUpanI eka laghukRtinI racanA I.sa.1508mAM karI che. A kRti sAmUhika nRtya sAthe gAvA mATe khAsa lakhAyelI hoI tenA hiragItikA chaMdanI saMgItanI chaTA paNa anubhavI zakAya ema che. kavie A nAnakaDI kRtine manorama bhAvacitro, prasaMgacitro tathA manohara alaMkAro ane bhASAmAdhuryathI maMDita karI che. tatkAlIna lokAcAra para suMdara prakAza pADatI A kRti che. sthUlabhadra ekavIso - jainomAM prAtaHsmaraNI manAtA AcArya sthUlibhadranI stuti rUpe kavie vArApharatI yojelI evI dezI ane hiragItanI ekavIsa kaDInI A racanA karI che. I.sa. 1497mAM divALImAM racAyelI A kRtimAM potAnI pUrvapriyA gaNikA kozAne tyAM sAdhu thayA pachI tarata cAturmAsa rahevAnI gurunI AjJA thatAM sthUlibhadra kozAne tyAM e pramANe saMpUrNapaNe kAmajitA banIne rahevA uparAMta kAmavijetA thaI kozAne paNa saMyama mATe pratibodha pamADe che. e ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. aMtaryamakanI camatkRtivALI tathA prAsanI saMkalanAvALI tathA dezInI kaDInA chellA ardhA caraNanA tyAra pachInI kaDImAM AvartanavALI A laghukRti enA prasaMganirUpaNanI chaTA tathA zabdamAdhuryane lIdhe AsvAdya banI che. navapallava pArzvanAtha stava ane serisA pArzvanAtha stava - kavi lAvaNyasamaye potAnI kRtiomAM pote ja nirdeza karyo che te pramANe I.sa. 1502mAM navapallava pArzvanAtha nAnA tIrthanI tathA I.sa. 1506mAM serisA pArzvanAtha nAmanA tIrthanI emaNe yAtrA

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78 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 karI hatI ane e baMne yAtrA prasaMge pote anukrame 35 kaDInI navapallava pArzvanAtha stava ane 15 kaDInI serIsA pArzvanAtha stava nAmanI stutinA prakAranI racanA karI hatI. A uparAMta pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanAM bIjAM be tIrthasthaLo te aMtarIkSa pArzvanAtha ane jIrAulA pArzvanAtha vize paNa temaNe racanAo karI che. lAvaNyasamaye siddhAMtacarcAnI je keTalIka kRtio racI che emAM mUrtiniSedhanuM anAkula khaMDana ane mUrtipUjA-vicAranuM pratipAdana karatI, 118 kaDInI laMkaTavadana capeTa - copAI / siddhAMta copAI (ra.I. 1487) tathA jaina siddhAMto vize ziSya gautamanA manamAM jAgelA saMzayonuM mahAvIra svAmIe kareluM nirAkaraNa nirUpatI (amRtavANI- abhidhAna, gautamapRcchA copAI (ra. I. 1489) mukhya che. lAvaNyasamayanI anya kRtio A mujaba che : AloyaNa vinatI, serIsApArzvanAtha stavana, rAvaNamaMdodarI saMvAda, vairAgya vinatI, surapriya kevalI rAsa, devarAja-vaccharAja copAI, antarika pArzvanAtha chaMda, caturvizati jina stavana, sUryadIpavAda chaMda, sumatisAdhu vivAhalo, balibhadra - yazobhadrarAsa, gautama rAsa, gautama chaMda, paMcatIrthastavana, jIrAulA pArzvanAtha vinatI, rAjimatI gIta, ogaNatrIsa bhAvanA, pArzvanAtha jinastavana prabhAtI, Ambabodha, nemarAjula bAramAso, vairAgyopadeza, garbhavelI, gaurI sAMvalI, gItavivAda tathA keTalIka sajhAyo. jJAnacaMdra soraTha gacchanA kSamAcaMdrasUrinI paraMparAmAM vIracaMdrasUrinA ziSya kavi jJAnacaMdrasUrinI kathAsAhitya viSayaka traNa kRtio maLI Ave che : (1) vaMkacUlano pavADI rAsa (I.sa. 1511), (2) vetAla pacavIsI (I.sa. 1539) ane (3) siMhAsana batrIsI (I.sa. 1545). A uparAMta kavie 18 kaDImAM nemi-rAjala bAramAsI kRtinI paNa racanA karelI che. kavinI kRtiomAM emanI siMhAsana batrIsI sauthI vadhu noMdhapAtra che. A kRtinI racanA traNa khaMDamAM, 1034 kaDImAM kavie karI che. kavinI pAse vArtAkathananI vegavaMtI zailI che. sthaLe sthaLe emaNe suMdara, alaMkArayukta varNano ApyAM che ane emAM kahevato, subhASito paNa vaNI lIdhAM che. indrasabhAnuM varNana, nagara pharatA banAvelA tAMbAnA koTanuM varNana, gaNikA ane bhartuharinA prasaMganuM varNana vikramanA upavanavihAranuM varNana, devInI zaktinuM varNana, lIlAvatInA cAritryanuM varNana ityAdi varNanomAM kavinI viziSTa zaktino paricaya thAya che. kavie anya padyavArtAkAronI jema nArIsvabhAva, daridratA, jugAra vagere viSayo upara prasaMge prasaMge potAnAM maMtavyo vyakta karyA cheane vairAgyano upadeza Apyo che.

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-160) 79 A kRti bhASA, chaMda, varNano, alaMkAro, sUktio ItyAdinI daSTie mahattvanI banI rahe che ane A viSayanI jaina kavionI kRtiomAM te ucca sthAna prApta kare tevI yogyatA dharAve che. sahajasuMdara IsavI sananA soLamA saikAnA AraMbhamAM thaI gayelA kaviomAM kavi sahajasuMdara gaNanApAtra che. I.sa. 1514 thI 1539 sudhInI temanI racanAo maLe che. sahajasuMdare IlAtIputra sajajhAya, guNaratnAkara chaMda, RSidattArAma, ratnAkumAra copAI, AtmarAja rAsa, paradezI rAjAno rAsa, zukarAjasAhelI, jaMbu aMtaraMga rAsa, yauvanajarAsaMvAda, tetalImaMtrIno rAsa, AMkhakAnasaMvAda, sarasvatI chaMda, AdinAtha zatruMjaya stavana, zAlibhadra sajajhAya, jaInaveli ItyAdi rAsa, stavana, sajhAya, chaMda, saMvAdanA prakAranI nAnImoTI kRtionI racanA karI che. guNaratnAkara chaMda ane RSidarA rAsa emAM vizeSa mahattvanI che. sahajasuMdara upakeza gacchanA AcArya siddhisUrinA ziSya ratnasamudra upAdhyAyanA ziSya hatA. teo saMskRtanA paNa prakAMDa paMDita hatA. emaNe saMskRtamAM vyAkaraNa prathama pAda: nAmanA graMthanI racanA I.sa. 1525mAM karI hovAno ullekha maLe che. saMskRta bhASA uparanA temanA prabhutvane kAraNe teno prabhAva temanI gujarAtI kRtio upara paNa paDyo che. ethI emanI kRtiomAM kyAreka saMskRta tatsama zabdono upayoga vadhu jovA maLe che. * guNaratnAkara chaMda jaina paraMparAmAM atiprasiddha sthUlibhadra-kozAnA kathAnakane vividha cAraNI) chaMdamAM rajU karatI 419 kaDInI A dIrgharacanAI. 1516)ne sthUlibhadra chaMda evA aparanAme paNa oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che. jo ke lagabhaga badhI ja hastapratomAM guNaratnAkara chaMda e nAmano ja nirdeza thayo che. kRtinA nAyaka sthUlibhadrane guNonA ratnAkara kahevAmAM Ave che e daSTie kRtinAma sArthaka che. samagra kRtinA kathAnakane cAra 'adhikAra' prakaraNomAM vibhAjita karIne mUkyuM che. dareka adhikAramAM anukrame 68, 160, 104, 87 chaMda (=kaDI) maLe che. AvI yojanAne lIdhe samagra kRti sudaDha AkAra dhAraNa kare che. kathAnakanA khaMDo vacce paNa ethI saMtulana sadhAyuM che. kRtino AraMbha paraMparAgata rIte, sarasvatInI stutithI thAya che. sthUlibhadranA guNavarNana mATe devI pAse buddhi, mati ane vANInI yAcanA kavi kare che. e pachI

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80 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa- 1 pacIseka kaDImAM sthUlibhadranI guNaprazasti karavAmAM AvI che, tathA neminAtha kathAne mukAbale sthUlibhadrakathAnI vizeSatA batAvavAmAM AvI che. ATalA prAstAvika pachI kRti mULa kathA bhaNI vaLe che : pADalapura (mULa pATaliputra) nuM varNana nagaravarNananI madhyakAlIna paraMparA pramANe karavAmAM AvyuM che. nagaranA rAjA naMdano paricaya ane temanA brAhmaNamaMtrI zakaTAla ane tenI patnI lAchaladevI (lAcchala de)ne ghera sthUlibhadranA janmaprasaMga AgaLa kavi pahelo adhikAra pUro kare che. bIjo adhikAra paNa sarasvatInI stutithI AraMbhAya che. sthUlibhadranA janmamahotsavanuM varNana, zaizava-uchera-vidyAbhyAsa vagere vigato sAthe mAtApitAnA vAtsalyanuM sthUlibhadranA vauvanasaMkramaNanuM temaja vanavihAranuM varNana vizeSa noMdhapAtra che. A pachI, sthUlibhadranA kozAne tyAM AgamanathI mAMDIne sthUlibhadra-kozAno prema saMvAda, sthUlibhadrane rIjhavavAnA kozAnA prayAso, bannenA bhogavilAsa ane raMgarAganAM varNano sAthe bIjo adhikAra pUro thAya che. trIjA adhikAramAM, AraMbhe, rAjakhaTapaTane kAraNe rAjA zakaTAlanA mRtyuno nirdeza che, zrIyaka rAjyanA maMtrIpadano prastAva laI moTAbhAI sthUlibhadrane teDavA Ave che. sthUlibhadranuM jIvananI sArthakatA vizenuM manomaMthana pitAnA mRtyunI pazcAdabhUmAM AraMbhAya che. kozA temane na javA vinaMtI kare che. kozAne samajAvI dhUlibhadra rAjasabhAmAM Ave che, ne maMtrIpadano asvIkAra kare che. rAjakhaTapaTa strI-Asakti vagerenuM ciMtana karyA pachI te vairAgya svIkAravAno nirNaya kare che. sau rAjapuruSo ene Thapako Ape che. A bAju kozA virahavedanA anubhave che. A pachI sthUlibhadranuM gurune tyAM Agamana, zAstrAbhyAsa, cAturmAsa gALavA mATe kozAnA gharanI pasaMdagI, gurunI cetavaNI tathA Adeza, sAdhuveze yUlibhadranuM kozAne tyAM Agamana, kozAno AnaMda tathA teNe karelA svAgata vagerenuM vIsa kaDI (chaMda)mAM saMkSipta varNana sAthe trIjo adhikAra pUro thAya che. A adhikAramAM, sthUlibhadrano saMyama svIkAra ane kozAne tyAM cAturmAsa gALavA mATe guruAjJAno prastAva - A be mukhya prasaMgone AdhAre kavi sthUlibhadranA manosaMgharSanA tathA daDha saMkalpazaktinA to bIjI bAju kozAnI virahavedanA ne hRdayavyathAnA kAvyAtmaka varNana mATe sarjanazaktine prayoje che. cothA- aMtima adhikAramAM sAdhuvratadhArI dhUlibhadrane puna moha pamADavAnA rIjhavavAnA kozAnA prayAso ne te kAraNe sthUlibhadra kozAne upadeza vacanothI pratibodha pamADe che tenuM Alekhana thayuM che. sthUlibhadra saMyamazIlanI kaparI kasoTI pAra karI guru pAse jAya che. guru anya

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-1600) 81 cAturmAsI munio karatAM sthUlibhadrano vizeSa Adara kare che. AthI bIjA sAdhuone sthUlibhadranI irSA thAya che. Avo eka IrSALu siMhaguphA-vAsI) muni, sthUlibhadranI jema, kozAne tyAM cAturmAsa gALavA nirNaya kare che. paraMtu mohapAzamAM phasAya che. e kathAnaka TUMkamAM varNavAyuM che. aMte, sthUlibhadranI guNaprazaMsA, phalazruti, racanAvarSa ne kavinAmanirdeza sAthe kRti pUrI thAya che. sthUlibhadra-kozAnA kathAnakane laI, madhyakALamAM, 14mIthI 19mI sadI daramyAna phAgu, rAsA, bAramAsA, velI, chaMda, copAI, duhA, caMdrAyaNi, stavana-sajhAya, ekavIso, ekatrIso, bAsaThIo jevA dIrgha ne laghu, kathanAtmaka ne varNanAtmaka madhyakAlIna kAvya prakAromAM saMkhyAbaMdha kRtionI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. A badhAmAM kavi sahajasuMdaranI kRti guNaratnAkarachaMda kAvyAtmakatAnI dRSTie khAsa noMdhapAtra che. A badhI racanAono mULa strota prAkRta (mAgadhI)mAM lakhAyelI "upadezamAlA' (kartA dharmadAsa gaNi, 2. vi. saM. 50) mAM AvatuM sthUlibhadra-kozAnuM kathAnaka che. A uparAMta uttarAdhyAyanasUtra paranI sukhabodhAvRtti (kartA : nemicaMdrasUri, 2.saM. 1129), yogazAstra' (kartA: hemacaMdrAcArya), "zIlopadezamAlA' (kartA: jayakIrtisUri), bharatezvara-bAhubalivRtti', kathAkoza (kartA : zubhazIlamuni) upadezaprasAda (kartA : AcAryazrI vijayalakSmI sUrizvarajI) jevA jainadharmanA pracalita granthomAM paNa A kathAnaka jovA maLe che. kavi sahajasuMdara mukhyatve upadezamAlA'nA kathAprasaMgone ja anusare che. 'uttarAdhyAyanasUtra'mAM sthUlibhadranuM kathAnaka strI-pariSahanA dRSTAMta rUpe ja maLe che. A mULa prayojanane paNa kavi jALave che. (kadAca A kAraNosara ja neminAtha kathAnakathI sthUlibhadra kathAnaka temane caDhiyAtuM lAge che.) sthUlibhadranA cArtumAsanirNaya uparAMta rathavAhano kathAsaMketa A prayojanane sAdhAra banAve che. siMhaguphAvAsI muninuM kathAnaka paNa prayojanane pUraka bane che. gurunA "dukkara', "dukkara" e be vAranA dhanyavAda paNa A saMdarbhe yogya lAge che. "guNaratnAkara chaMdamAM kavie sthUlibhadranI kathAnA mULa AdhArasotomAM maLatA ghaNAya prasaMgono mAtra nirdeza karIne calAvI lIdhuM che. prathama adhikAramAM (21 thI 40 kaDImAM) sthUlibhadranA pUrvajIvananA ane sAdhujIvananA ghaNAkharA prasaMgono mAtra saMketa ja karavAmAM Avyo che. sthUlibhadranI caritrakathA jo pUrepUrI jANatA hoIe to ja eTalA saMketo mAtrathI kathAprasaMgono paryApta paricaya pAmI zakIe. | 'guNaratnAkarachaMdamAM sthUlibhadranI caritrakathA rajU thaI che. eTale A dIrgha kathanAtmaka kRti kahevAya, paraMtu madhyakAlIna kathanaparaMparAnI ghaNI lAkSaNitAo ahIM

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82 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 jovA maLatI nathI. kavi jo kathanAtmaka kAvyanI paraMparAmAM yUlibhadra caritranI rajUAta - racanA karavA mAMgatA hota to mULa kathAnakanA ghaNA prasaMgono vistAra karyo hota. paraMtu kavi varNana ane bhAvanirUpaNane ja prAdhAnya Ape che. Ama kathanane badale kAvyAtmaka varNano ane pAtronI saMvedanAnuM Alekhana karavAnuM kavinuM mukhya lakSya che. kRtimAM AvA varNanAtmaka khaMDo ja vadhAre AkarSaka ne AsvAdya jaNAya che. A kRtimAM nagaravarNana, vanavarNana, nAyikAnA rUpasaundaryanuM temaja zaNagAra, AbhUSaNonuM varNana, zRMgArakIDAnuM varNana, vasaMta-varSAnuM RtuvarNana jevA varNanomAM madhyakAlIna paraMparA jovA maLe che. bIjI rIte tene taratA-pravAhI kRti pATha (floating text) tarIke paNa oLakhAvI zakAya. madhyakALanA kavio jarUriyAta pramANe teno potAnI kRtimAM viniyoga kare che. emAM kyAreka potIko vizeSa paNa kavi pragaTAve guNaratnAkara chaMdamAM kavinI pratibhAno paricaya ApI rahe tevA varNanakhaMDo maLe che. kozAnA saundaryanA varNana (adhi. 2 chaMda 113)mAM paraMparAthI judI- viziSTa rIte meghanuM rUpaka yojavAmAM AvyuM che. (chaMda 114 mAM tenuM anusaMdhAna jovA maLe che) te joIe. nArI sarovara sabala, sakala, mukha kamala manohara bhamuha bhamara raNajhati, nayanayuga mIna sahodara prema taNI jala bahula, vaNarasalahiri lalatti, kabarI jalazevAla, pAli yauvana mayamarI, nava cakvADa thaNahatyugala, karaI raMga rAmati ramali zrI yUlibhadra jhillaI tihAM, ramaI haMsahasI jamali, kozAnI virahAvasthAnuM varNana (adhi. 3- chaMda 6 thI 78) paraMparAgata upAdAno chatA yamakasAMkaLI, prAsAnupAsa ane bhAvAvegane lIdhe dhyAnapAtra banyuM che. jharamari varasaI nayaNe kAjala, rotA galI gayau sabi kAjala kSaNi chAMkiMI kSaNi UbhI takkaI, rIsabharI sahIara syauM taDakaI kSaNi bhItari uMbari kSiNi khelaI, cauki caDI nIsAsA mehalaI kSaNi loTaI oTaI dukha moTaI cIja viNa dhAna kisyauM navi boTaI (adhi.3 : 63-64) A kRtinI kAvyAtmakatA nirmANa karavAmAM arthanA alaMkArono vizeSa phALo rahyo che. prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna praNAlikA pramANenA temaja paraMparAgata upAdAnonA viniyoga chatAM kavi alaMkAromAM sArI kavitvazakti pragaTa karI zakyA che. alaMkAronuM

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450 -1600) 83 vaividhya paNa sAruM jALavAyuM che. upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA dRSTAMta, arthAMtaranyAsa atizayokti, svAbhAvokti jevA alaMkAro AsvAdya banyA che. thoDA udAharaNa joIe : tuM sukamAla jisI jalapoyaNI (1.6) svAti nakSatrao sIpa jima garabha dharai tima heli (1,62) kozA haiDai AvaTai jima kAMcalIu nAga (3.54) kaMcUkasa bAMdhI golA sAMdhI ghUmai goNa gAtra (2.145) madhura vayaNa bolai mukhi jhINI, jANe phUla khi2i... (2.151aa heva UDADauM kema hAthi popaTa baIu (2.61) A uparAMta, varNAnuprAsa, yamaka, aMtyAnuprAsa, jevA zabdAlaMkAro ane ravAnukArI zabdonA viniyogathI kavi vidhavidha chaMdonA nAdasauMdaryanI samartha pratIti karAvI zake che. A prakAranuM dhvanisvara-saundarya samagra kRtinI prabhAvakatA UbhI ka2vAmAM moTo bhAga bhajave che. A kRtimAM AryA, aDayalla (arilla) jaDayalla, maDayala, maMDali, tribhaMgI, vRdhdhanArAsa, padhdhaDI, chappaya (=SaTpada) hATakI, duhA, sArasI, bhujaMgaprayAta, toTaka mukatAdAma jevA lagabhaga vIseka akSarameLa mAtrAmeLa chaMdo kavie prayojyA che. A chaMdonI cAraNI paraMparA kavie pUrI AtmasAta karelI jaNAya che. sauthI vadhu duhA chaMda prayojAyo che. mAtra ekavAra saMskRta anuSTupa zloka' saMjJAthI prayojAyo che. (adhi. 1 chaMda-15) A kRtimAM chaMda badalAtAM chaMdanAmanirdeza acUka karavAmAM Avyo che. A kavi lIlAvatI chaMda sAro lakhI zake che. badhA chaMdomAM A ja chaMda sauthI vadhu sparzI jAya tevo che. sthUlibhadranI bALakrIDAnuM varNana lIlAvatI chaMdamAM kavie kuzaLatAthI karyuM che. (adhi. 2 chaMda 20 thI 23) emAMthI eka dRSTAMta joIe : - cAlai camakaMtau, ghamaghamaketau, ramajhamakaMtau kamakaMtau, rUDai dIsaMtau, mukhi bolaMtau, UI hIMsaMtau, rIkhaMtau, lIlA laTakaMtau, kara jhaTakaMtauM, kSaNi caTakaMtau, vilakhaMtau puhavItali paDatau, putra AkhaData, na rahaI raDatau, ThaNakaMtauM. (adhi. 2-20) kRtimAM sAmAjika-sAMskRtika saMdarbhano sAva abhAva nathI chatAM paNa anya madhyakAlIna kRtio e vaDe je samRddha banI che tevuM A kRtinI bAbatamAM kahI zakAya tema nathI. A racanAmAM pArasI bolIno saMdarbha, kokazAstrano (kAmasUtra coryAsI kAmAsanono) saMdarbha, sUDAM boMterInI kathAno saMdarbha (adhi. 2 chaMda, 57) tathA phiraMgI TopIno saMdarbha (adhi. 2-17) jevA viziSTa saMdarbho maLe che. je dhyAnapAtra che. rAjasevA ane rAjyataMtranA vivaraNamAM (adhi. 3. 31 thI 40)

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84 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa- 1 lAMcano saMdarbha Ave che. (letA para vaMcA, nahIM khala paMcA : 3.38), e tatkAlIna rAjakArabhAranI dRSTie mahattvano che. madhyakAlIna sAhityanI lAkSaNikatA pramANe A kRtinuM mukhya prayojana dharmabodhanuM che e spaSTa che. emAM paNa A viziSTa kathAnaka sAthe to e pahelethI saMkaLAyeluM rahyuM che. A kaviprayojana kRtimAM aneka sthaLe upadeza, bodha, vyavahArajJAnanI rIte yathAprasaMga pragaTe che. khAsa to, saMga-alaMga, vezyAgamana, bhogavilAsa jevI bAbatono saMdarbha kavi mATe anukULa banI rahe che. trIjA adhikAranA 81 thI 95 sudhInA chaMdomAM to jaina tattvajJAna ane AcAravicAranuM sUkSma stare Alekhana thayuM che. e mATe ghaNA pAribhASika zabdo paNa prayojAyA che. A ullekho sAMpradAyika kavitAnuM lakSaNa vizeSapaNa pragaTAve che. RSidanArAsa (I.sa. 1516)mAM kavie RSidattAnA zIlano mahimA gAyo che, temAMnI AraMbhanI thoDI paMktio juo, je kavinA bhASAprabhutvanI pratIti karAvaze. kaI kavita karuM mana bhavi sAsaNa deva taNaI parabhAvi, siddhasUri gurupaya namIya sIla ziromaNi guNa saMyutA, nami anopamA zrI RSidatA jaladhisutA jagi te samaya. lAvaNyaratna A ja gALAnA bIjA eka noMdhanIya kavi te lAvaNyaratna che. teo tapagacchanA sAdhupaMDita dhanadevanA ziSya surahaMsanA ziSya hatA. vatsarAja devarAja rAsamAM kavie suprasiddha AcArya somasuMdarasUrithI potAnI guruparaMparAno nirdeza karyo che. lAvaNyaratna A rAsa uparAMta yazodharacaritra (I.sa. 1519), matsyodara rAsa, kalAvatI rAsa ane kamalAvatI rAsanI racanA karI che. pArdhacandrasUri vaDatapagacchanA puNyaratnanA ziSya sAdhuratnanA ziSya pArvacandrasUrie rAsanA prakAranI be ja kRtinI racanA karelI jaNAya che ane te paNa kadamAM ghaNI nAnI che. A be kRtio te I.sa. 1514mAM racelI 86 kaDInI kRti vastupAla tejapAla rAsa ane 42 kaDInI racanA jinapratimA sthApanA rAsa, paraMtu te uparAMta emaNe saMkhyAbaMdha nAnInAnI kRtionI racanA karI che. nAnI kRtiomAM potAnA gaccha, guruparaMparA ItyAdinA ullekhane avakAza nathI. khaMdhakacaritra sajhAyamAM emaNe potAnA gaccha ane guruno A pramANe ullekha karyo che :

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450 -1600) 85 vaDatapa gacchi guNarayaNa nidhAna, sAhurayaNa paMDita supradhAna, pArzvacandra nAme tasu sIsa, tiNi kIdho mani ANI jagIsa. pArzvacandrasUri hamIrapura nagaranA prAgvezanA velDaMgazAhanA putra hatA. emano janma I.sa. 1481mAM thayo hato. emanI mAtAnuM nAma vimalAde hatuM. pArzvacandre nava varSanI uMmare dIkSA lIdhI hatI. I.sa. 1509mAM temane AcAryapada ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. teo eka samartha mahAna jainAcArya hatA ane I.sa. 1543mAM emane 'yugapradhAna'nuM biruda ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. jodhapuramAM teo kALadharma pAmyA hatA. emaNe ghaNA rAjavIone ane anya rajapUtone upadeza Apyo hato. emanA parathI pArzvacandra gaccha (pAyacaMda gaccha) nIkaLyo hato. pArzvacandrasUrie vivekazataka, dUhAzataka, eSaNAzataka ityAdi zatakanA prakAranI ane pAkSikachatrIzI ityAdi chatrIzInA prakAranI kRtionI racanA karI che. taduparAMta sAdhuvaMdanA, aticAra copAI, caritra manorathamAlA, zrAvaka manorathamAlA, AtmazikSA, jinapratibhA, sthApanA vijJapti, amaradvAra, saptatikA, niyatAniyata, praznotara pradIpikA, brahmacarya, daza samAdhisthAna kula, stara bhedI pUjA, agiyAra bola sajhAya, vaMdanadoSa, ArAdhanA, moTI, ArAdhanA-nAnI, upadezarahasya gIta, vidhivicAra, vItarAga stavana, zAMtijina stavana, rUpakamAlA, baMdhakacaritra, kezi pradezibaMdha, saMvegabatrIsI, saMvakulaka ityAdi ghaNI nAnInAnI kRtionI racanA karI che. e badhI kRtiomAM rAsa ke prabaMdha ke caritranA prakAranI kRti karatAM ArAdhanAnA viSayanI keTalIka kRtio kadamAM moTI che. emanI eka kRti 406 kaDI jeTalI moTI che. zrI pArzvacandrasUrie A rIte caritrAdi varNanAtmaka kRtio karatAM zAstrIya nirUpaNanI upadezanA prakAranI kRtionuM sarjana savizeSa karyuM che. AtmazikSAmAM kavi kahe che : 2e abhimAnI jIvaDA, tuM kima pAmisi pAra, laghu chala nirakhe pArakA, tuM tihano bhaMDAra. kavinI keTalIka kRtionI kalazanI paMktio - aMtima cAra paMktio-prAsAnu prAsayukta ane kavinA bhASAprabhutvanA namUnArUpa hoya che. u.ta. sAdhuvaMdanAnI kaLaza nI paMktio juoH Ima janavANI joI hiyaI ANI maI bhaNyA, bhavataraNa tAraNa, du:khavAraNa sAdhu guru mukhi suNyA, Ima acchai munivara jeya hosyai, kAli anaMtai je huA, te sata chaMdiha zrI pAsacaMdaI mani ANaMdai saMthuA.

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86 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 ane A juo ekAdazavacanadrAMtrizikAnI kaLazanI paMktio :sevA karayaMI bhavajala tarikaMI dhariyaMi hiDaMI guru vayaNa. paramAratha grahiyaM zivasukha lahIMcha rahiyaMi Adara jinazaraNe IgyAra padAratha bhAkhyA samaratha sAMjali bhaviyaNa sarvAhiye, je thAI ikacita pAmaI samakita zrI pAsacadra INi pari kahae. vinayadevasUri solaMkI rAjA pagharAya ane sItAdenA putra brahmakuMvarano janma I.sa. 151ramAM mAlavAnA AcaNoTha gAmamAM thayo hato. dIkSA pachI vinayadevasUri thayelA A kavi potAnI kRtiomAM potAno nAmollekha "brahma'nA nAmathI ghaNIvAra kare che. brahmakuMvara potAnA moTA bhAI dhanarAja sAthe dvArakAjInI jAtrA karI giranAra gayA tyAM temaNe ane temanA moTAbhAIe raMgamaMDaNa RSi pAse dIkSA lIdhI. teo brahmamuni (brahmaRSi) banyA. pArzacandrasUrinA gurunA guru puNyaratna pAse dIkSA lenAra baradarAja RSino je pAchaLathI vijayadevasUri thayA) meLApa brahma RSine pATaNamAM thayo ane pachI teo temanI sAthe dakSiNamAM ghaNe sthaLe vAdamAM jItyA. AcAryapada maLyA pachI te vinayadevasUrinA nAmathI oLakhAyA. teo eka mahAna AcArya hatA ane emaNe keTalAka saiddhAttika matabhedane kAraNe sudharmagacchanA nAmathI potAno judo gaccha sthApyo hato. teo I.sa. 1590mAM barahAnapuramAM kALadharma pAmyA hatA. emanA eka ziSya manajIRSie I.sa. 1590mAM vinayadevasUri rAsanI racanA karI che, jemAM temanA jIvana ane kAryanI savigata mAhitI ApI che. vinayadevasUrie rAsa, copAI, vivAhalo, dhavala, stavana, ityAdi prakAranI kRtionI racanA karI che. emaNe I.sa. 1537mAM susaDha copAInI 243 kaDImAM racanA karI che, jemAM susaDhanuM kathAnaka varNavavAmAM AvyuM che. A kathAnaka mahAnizItha sUtramAM Ave che. susaDha eka brAhmaNIno putra hato. janmasamaye ja mAtA gumAvatAM te eka kuMbhArane ghera Ucharyo hato. eNe yuvAnavaye dIkSA lIdhI hatI, paraMtu tenAthI saMyamanuM pAlana thaI zakatuM nahotuM eTale gurue ene gaccha bahAra kADhyo hato. rAsane aMte kavi upadeza ApatAM kahe che ke rAjAnI AjJAnuM ullaMghana karatAM koIka eka sajA thAya che, paraMtu jinezvara bhagavAnanI AjJAnuM ullaMghana karatAM bhavobhava aneka duHkha bhogavavAM paDe che. narapati ANA bhaMjatA, labhaI nigraha eka, jina ANAM bhaMjalaI sahaI, parabhava duHkha aneka.

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-1600) 87 vinayadevasUrie 389 kaDImAM racelI sudarzanazeTha copAImAM aneka yAtanA ane kasoTIomAMthI zuddha svarUpe pasAra thanAra sudarzana zeTha pratye rAjyanA purohitanI patnI AkarSAI hatI. paraMtu te tene meLavavAmAM niSphaLa gaI eTale eNe rANIne uzkerI. rANI paNa sudarzanane AkarSavAmAM niSphaLa gaI eTale eNe sudarzana para khoTuM ALa caDAvyuM ane rAjAne bhaMbheryo. eTale rAjAe sudarzanane zULIe caDAvavAnuM nakkI karyuM. e samaye sudarzananI satI jevI patnI manoramAe jinezvara bhagavAnanuM dhyAna dharyuM. evAmAM rAjAne sAcI vAtanI khabara paDI gaI ane sudarzana zeThane zULIe na caDAvyA. paraMtu A ghaTanAthI sudarzana zeThane vairAgya thayo ane emaNe dIkSA lIdhI. teo sudarzana muni banyA. sAdhu avasthAmAM paNa emanI ghaNI kasoTI thaI, paNa temAMthI paNa te pAra paDyA. chevaTe kevaLajJAna pAmI teo mokSe sidhAvyA. A prasaMge zIlano upadeza ApatAM kavi lakhe che : sahyA parIsaha ati ghora, sudarazaNa mahA muni, kAyA karama kora, zIla pAlI zivapura gayA. eso zIla nidhAna, bhaviyaNa hita karI Adaro, jayo jAo nirvANa devaloka meM sAMso nahI, e khaTa darasaNamAMhi zIla adhiko vakhANIyo, tapa saMjama kheru thAya zIla vinA eka palakamAM. A uparAMta A kavie I.sa. 1541mAM cAra pratyeka buddha copAI, I.sa. 1556mAM nAgila-sumati copAI, I.sa. 1578mAM bharata-bAhubali rAsa tathA ajAputrarAsanI racanA karI che. emanI Itara kRtiomAM sudharmagaccha parIkSA, aDhAra pApasthAna parihAra bhASA, neminAtha dhavala, uttarAdhyayana 36 adhyayana gIta, supArzvajina vivAhalo, sAdhuvaMdanA, zAMtinAtha vivAhalo, vAsupUjya svAmI dhavala, jinarAjanAma stavana, aMtakAla ArAdhanA phala, prathama Asravadhara kulaka, jinapratimA sthApanA prabaMdha, aSTakarmavicAra, saiddhAttvika vicAra, ItyAdi saMkhyAbaMdha bIjI kRtio racI che ane saMskRtamAM prajJaptisUtra upara TIkA ane pAkhI sUtravRttinI racanA paNa karelI che. ghelatavijaya tapagacchanA sumatisAdhunI paraMparAmAM padmavijayanA praziSya zAMtivijayanA ziSya dolatavijaye khumANa rAsanI racanA karI che. rAsamAM kavie racanAtAlano nirdeza karyo haze paraMtu tenI eka mAtra maLatI prata apUrNa hovAthI te sAla cokkasapaNe

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88 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 jANI zakAtI nathI. A rAsamAM kavie citoDanA rANA khumANa ane tenA vaMzajono itihAsa cAraNazAhI paddhatie varNavyo che. jaina sAdhu kavioe kyAreka AvI prazastinA prakAranI rAsa kRtinI paNa ra5nA karI che te A rAsa parathI joI zakAya che. kavinAM keTalAMka varNano janamanaraMjanArthe thayelAM hoya ema jaNAya che. AraMbhamAM kavi gaNezane paNa vaMdana kare che, je prakAranI stuti sAmAnyaNe jaina kavionI kRtiomAM javalle ja jovA maLe che. ziva suta suMDhAlo sabala, seve sureza, vighana vidAraNa varadIyaNa gavarIputra gaNeza. anya kavio I.sa. 1450 thI 1550 sudhInAM so varSanA A gALAmAM bIjA saMkhyAbaMdha kavioe rAsa, phAgu, vivAhalo, prabaMdha, stavana, sajajhAya ItyAdi prakAranI kRtionI racanA karI che, jemAMnI javalle ja thoDI kRtio haju prakAzita thaI che. A kavio ane emanI kRtiomAM noMdhapAtra te A mujaba cheH (1) sAdhumerukRta - puNyasAra rAsa (2) saMghavimala (athavA zubhazIlakRta) sudarzana zreSThino rAsa (3) saMghakalazakRta samyakatva rAsa (3) ajJAtakRta RSidanA rAsa (5) AnaMda munikata dharmalakSI mahattarA bhAsa (6) zubhazIlagaNita prasenajita rAsa (7) udayadharmakRta upadeza mAlA kathAnaka (8) ratnazakharakRta ratnacUDa rAsa (9) kalyANasAgarakRta agaDadA rAsa (10) ANadamerukRta kAlakasUri bhAsa (11) atizekharakRta dhannArAsa, kuragaDu maharSi rAsa, mahayaNarehA satI rAsa, IlAputra caritra (12) jinavardhanata dhanArAsa (13) AjJA suMdarakata vidyAvilAsa copAI (14) vinayacaMdrakRta jaMbUsvAmIno rAsa (15) lakSmIsAgara kRta vastupAla tejapAla rAsa (16) rAjatilakagaNikRta zAlibhadra rAsa (17) ratnasiMha ziSyata jaMbUsvAmI rAsa (18) malayacandrakRta siMhAsana batrIsI (19) bhaktivijayakRta citrasena padmAvatI rAsa (20) pethoskRta pArzvanAtha dazabhava vivAhalo (21) lakSmI ratnasUrikRta surapriyakumAra rAsa, ATha karma copAI (rara) somacaMdrakRta kAmadevano rAsa, sudarzana rAsa (ra3) jJAnasAgarakRta siddhacakra rAsa (zrIpAla rAsa) (24) maMgaladharmakRta maMgalakalaza rAsa, (25) jinaratnasUrikRta maMgalakalaza rAsa (26) puNyanaMdikRta rUpakamAlA (27) devaprabhagaNikRta kumArapAla rAsa (28) udayadharmakRta malayasuMdarI rAsa, kathAbatrIsI (29) khemarAjakRta zrAvakAcAra copAI. IkhakArI rAjA copAI (30) saMvegasuMdarata sArazikhAmaNa rAsa (31) hemavimalasUrikRta mRgAputra copAI (32) jayavallabhakRta zrAvaka bAravrata rAsa,

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-160) 89 sthUlabhadra bAsaThIo, dhannAaNagArano rAsa (33) siMhakulazakRta munipati caritra (34) zAMtisUrikRta sAgaradana rAsa (35) jinasAdhusUrikRta bharata bAhubalirAsa (36) kIrtiharSakRta sanatakumAra copAI (37) jayarAjakRta matsyodara rAsa (38) kSamAkalazakRta suMdara rAjA rAsa, lalitAMga kumAra rAsa. (39) nemikuMjarata gaja siMhakumAra copAI (40) labdhisAgarakRta zrIpAla rAsa, dhvajabhujaMgakumAra rAsa (41) harSakalazakRta vasudeva copAI (42) lAvaNyasiMhakRta DhaMDhaNakumAra rAsa (43) siMhakulakRta naMdabatrIsI : svapnavicAra copAI (44) harSadunikata caMdralekhA copAI (45) Izvara sUrikRta lalitAMga caritra zrIpAla copAI (siddhacakra copAI ) (46) dharmadevakRta harizcandra rAjAno rAsa, ajAputra rAsa, vayara svAmIno rAsa (47) padmazrIkRta cArudatta caritra (48) dharmarucikRta ajAputra copAI (49) kaDukRta lIlAvatI sumativilAsa rAsa (50) rAjazIlakRta vikramakhApara carita copAI, amarasena vayarasena copAI (51) jayavijayakRta munipati copAI (52) pAsAgarakata kayavanA copAI (53) dharmasamudrakRta sumitrakumAra rAsa prabhAkara guNAkara copAI, kuladhvajakumAra rAsa, zakuMtalA rAsa rAtribhojana rAsa (54) devakalazakRta RSidatA copAI (55) kuzaLasaMyamata haribaLano rAsa saMvedgama maMjarI (56) zubhavardhanaziSyakata aSADhabhUti rAsa (57) ratnasiMhasUri ziSyakRta jaMbUsvAmI rAsa (58) bhuvanakartikRta kalAvatI caritra (59) amIpAlakRta mahIpAlano rAsa (60) saubhAgyasAgarasUriziSyakatA caMpakamAlA caritra (61) bhImakRta agaDadA rAsa (62) jayanidhAnakRta dharmadatta dhanapati rAsa, surapriya caritarAsa (63) sAdhuratnasUri kavanArANa (64) sevakakRta AdinAtha deva rAsa, surapriya caritarAsa (65) RSabhadeva vivAhala (66) sImaMdhara svAmI zobhA taraMga, ArdrakumAra vivAhalu (67) vijayadevasUrikRta zIla rAsa (68) mahIcaMdakRta uttama caritra copAI (69) samaracaMdraziSyakRta zreNika rAsa (70) kalyANakRta kRtakarma rAjAdhikAra rAsa (71) kamalamerukRta kalAvatI copAI (72) matisAgarakRta laghu kSetra samAsa copAIH saMgrahaNI rAsa (71) puNyaratnakRta nemirAsa (yAdavarAsa) (72) vinayasamudrakRta ArAmazobhA copAI, mRgAvatI copAI, citrasena padmAvatI rAsa padhacaritra rohiNeya rAsa (73) kanakakRta meghakumAra rAsa (74) rAjaratnasUrikRta haribala mAchI copAI (75) bhAvakRta harizcandra prabaMdha aMbaDa rAsa. somavimalasUri somavimalasUri I.sa.nA soLamA saikAnA eka pratibhAzALI AcArya hatA. I.sa. 1518mAM kevaLa cAra varSanI vaye temaNe tapagacchanA hemavimalasUri pAse dIkSA lIdhI

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90 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa- 1 hatI. somavimalasUrinA ziSya ANaMdasome I.sa. 1563mAM somavimalasUri rAsanI racanA karI che, jemAM somavimalasUrinA jIvana vizenI mAhitI sacavAyelI che. somavimalasUrinuM nAma dIkSA pUrve jasavaMta hatuM ane teo khaMbhAtanA samadhara maMtrInA vaMzaja rUpavaMtanA e putra. emanI mAtAnuM nAma amarAde zirohImAM paMDitapada, vijApuramAM upAdhyAyapada meLavyA pachI khaMbhAtamAM AcArya padavI somavimalasUrie meLavI hatI ane I.sa. 1581mAM teo kALadharma pAmyA hatA. somavimalasUrie zreNikarAsa, dhamilarAsa, caMpaka zreSThI rAsa, ane kSullaka kumAra rAsa e cAra rAsakRtio uparAMta kumaragirimaMDaLa, zrI zAMtinAtha stavana, daza dacaMtanA gIto, paTAvali sajhAya, casimA zabdanA 101arthanI sajhAya ityAdi padyakRtionI racanA karI che. A uparAMta emaNe gujarAtI gadyamAM kalpasUtra bAlAvabodhanI racanA paNa karI che. kavie I.sa. 1547mAM kumAragirinagaramAM zreNikarAsanI racanA karI che. enI kartAnI hastAkSaramAM lakhAyelI hastaprata upalabdha che. A rAsanuM apara nAma "samyakatvasAra rAsa' che. cAra khaMDanI 681 kaDImAM kavie A rAsanI racanA karI che. sakala jinezvara, sarasvatI devI ane gautama svAmIne praNAma karIne kavi rAsanI racanAno prAraMbha kare che - sakala jinavara sakala jinavara caraNa vaMdevi. devI zrI sarasatItaNA pAyakamala bahu bhakti juktio, praNamI goyama svAmivara, sugurupAya, kamala stao, zreNika rAjA guNa niluo, buddhi vizAla, racisu rAsa huM tahataNo, suNIo atihi rasAla. A rAsamAM kavie bhagavAna mahAvIrasvAmI ane gautama gaNadharanA samayamAM vidyamAna dharmapremI rAjA zreNikanA vRttAntanuM Alekhana karyuM che. rAjagraha nagarInA prasenajita rAjAne potAnA putromAM zreNika sauthI vadhu buddhimAna hovAthI vahAlo hato. ane ethI teo potAnI gAdI zreNikane soMpe che. zreNika rAjya kare che. jIvananAM aMtima varSomAM enA putromAMthI ajAtazatru kuNika zreNikane keda karI gAdIe bese che. paraMtu kuNika potAne mArI nAkhavA Ave che ema samajI putrane hAthe maravA karatAM zreNika AtmaghAta kare che. zreNika rAjA bhagavAna mahAvIranA samakAlIna hatA ane bhagavAnanI ghaNI sabhAomAM jaI upadeza sAMbhaLatA ane ghaNI vAra potAne thatA prazno bhagavAnane pUchI samAdhAna meLavatA. somavimalasUrie I.sa. 1535mAM khaMbhAtamAM "dhamilarAsa' nAmanI rAsakRtinI

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-1600) 91 racanA karI che. emAM dhammila nAmanA zreSThIputranuM kathAnaka varNavavAmAM AvyuM che. dhammila kuzAgrapuranA surendradatta zreSThI ane tenI patnI subhadrAno putra hato. enAM lagna yazomatI nAmanI eka zreSThIputrI sAthe thayAM hatAM. paraMtu dhamilane yauvananA sukhopabhogamAM rasa na hato eTale enAmAM e mATe rasa jAge ethI enI mAtAe ene jugArIonI sobata karAvI, ane tema karatAM e vezyAonI sobate paNa caDyo. mAtApitAnA avasAna pachI dhana hatuM tyAM sudhI yazomatI dhamilane mokalatI rahI. paNa e khalAsa thayuM eTale yazomatI piyara cAlI gaI ane dhamilane vezyAe bahAra kADhyo. ethI dhammilanI AMkha UghaDI. pharI te gRhastha jIvana tarapha vaLyo, pragati sAdhI, bIjI strIo sAthe lagna karyA ane bhogavilAsa bhogavavA lAgyo. paraMtu ethI saMtoSa na thatAM eka vakhata sAdhu pAse dharmopadeza sAMbhaLatAM pharI enAmAM vairAgya jAgyo ane chevaTe eNe cAritrya grahaNa karyuM. jayavaMtasUri mammaTanA kAvyaprakAza' para TIkA lakhanAra saMskRtanA prakhara paMDita kavi jayavaMtasUri I.sa.nA soLamA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM vidyamAna hatA. vaDatapagacchanA dharmaratnasUrinA be mukhya ziSya te vidyAmaMDanasUri ane vinayamaMDana upAdhyAya. I.sa. 1531mAM karmazAhe zatrujya uddhAra karAvyo tyAre RSabhadeva bhagavAnanI pratiSThA vidyAmaMDaLanasUrinA haste thaI hatI ane te utsavamAM vinayamaMDana upAdhyAye paNa sAro bhAga lIdho hato. e vinayamaMDananA ziSya jayavaMtasUri paNa te samaye vidyamAna hatA. jayavaMtasUrie "zRMgAramaMjarI', "RSidattA rAsa," "nemarAjula bAramAsa', sImaMdharastavana, sthUlabhadra premavilAsa phAga, sthUlabhadra mohanaveli, sImaMdharanA caMdrakalA, locanakAjala saMvAda ityAdi kRtionI racanA karI jayavaMtasUrinI dIrghakRtiomAM zRMgAramaMjarI/zIlavatIrAsAI.1558) ane RSidattA rAsa (I.1587) che. prathama kRtimAM satI zIlavatInA ane bIjImAM satI RSidatAnA caritranuM Alekhana che. zRMgAramaMjarInI racanA 2800 jeTalI kaDImAM che, jyAre RSidarA rAsanI racanA 850 jeTalI kaDImAM thaI che. zRMgAramaMjarI kavinI samartha kRti che. kavinuM Alekhana rasika ane chaTAdAra che. prAsAnuprAsAdi zabdAlaMkAra uparanuM kavinuM prabhutva sahaja ane prazasya che. juo : sovina cUDI kari dharI, uravari navasarahAra, khalakati sovina mekhalA, paya jhaMjhara jhamakAra. veNIdaMDa pracaMDa e, jirA zeSa bhuyaMga,

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92 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 aMga abhaMga anaMganuM nAga suraMga saLaMga, pIna payodhara bhAra bhara, kaTi taTi jhIluM laMka, vikasata khaMjana nayaNalAM, ghaNuMha jisiha bhUrvaka. hemaratnasUri pUnama gacchanA devatilakasUrinA ziSya jJAnatilakasUrinA padmarAjagaNinA ziSya hemaratnasUrie racelI pAMceka rAsakRtio upalabdha che, emaNe I.sa. 1547mAM pAlI nagaramAM zIlavatI kathA'nI racanA karI che. e ja varSe "lIlAvatI' nAmanI bIjI eka rAsakRtinI racanA paNa emaNe karI che. tyAra pachI (I.sa. 1580)mAM emaNe "mahIpAla copAInI racanA 696 kaDImAM karI che. I.sa. 1591mAM emaNe 917 kaDInI 'gorA bAdala kathA' (apara nAma padamaNI copAI')nI racanA sAdaDI nagaramAM karI che. kathAnI phalazruti varNavatAM kavi lakhe che : gorA bAdalanI e kathA, kahI suMNI paraMparA yathA, sAMbhaLatAM manavaMchita phale, roga soga dUSa dohaga Tale. sAMma dharama sA purasA hoI, sIla daDha phulavaMtI joI, hiMdu dhama sata paramANa, vAgA sujasa taNA nisANa. A kavie "sItAcaritra' nAmanI paNa eka kRtinI racanA karI che. jemAM jaina paraMparAnusArI rAmasItAnI kathAnuM sAta sargamAM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. copAI, duhA ane judI judI dezIonI DhALamAM A kRti lakhAyelI che. trIjA sargane aMte kavi jaina rAmAyaNa padmacaritra' paumacarita) no nirdeza kare che - padamarAja vAcaka sukhasAI, padmacaritra grahI manamAMhi, hemasUri ima jaMpaI vAta, trIjA saraga taNo avadAta. mahIrAja kavi mahIrAjanI atyAra sudhImAM mAtra eka ja kRti upalabdha che ane te emanA potAnA hastAkSaramAM lakhAyelI naladavadaMtI rAsa. I.sa. 1556 mAM duhA, copAI ane judI judI DhALonI badhI maLIne sADAbAraso kaDImAM kavie karelI A racanAmAM kathAvikAsa pramANe khaMDa pADavAmAM AvyA nathI. rAsanI zarUAta nala-davadaMtInA pUrva bhavanA prasaMgothI karI che. kathAvRttAnta mATe kavie hemacaMdrAcAryanA 'triSaSTizalAkApuraSacaritrano ane devaprabhasUrinA pAMDavacaritra'no AdhAra lIdhela

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450 -1600) 93 jaNAya che, prasaMgAlekhana, pAtrAlekhana, prakRtivarNana ane dAnazIlAdinA mahimAnA varNanamAM nala-davadaMtI vize rAsakRtinI racanA karanArA potAnA purogAmI kavio karatAM mahIrAje vizeSa zakti dAkhavI che, joke keTaleka sthaLe RSivardhana jevA kavinI chAyA paNa joI zakAya che. alabatta, bIjI bAju keTaleka sthaLe kavinI svataMtra ane maulika kalpanAzakti paNa joI zakAya che. prasaMge prasaMge dRSTAnto ane subhASitonA prakAranI paMktio paNa kavie prayojI che e rAsanI guNavattAmAM umero kare che. kuzaLalAbha vAcaka kuzaLalAbha I.sa. nA soLamA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM vidyamAna hatA. emaNe potAnI kRtiomAM potAnI guruparaMparAno thoDoka nirdeza karyo che. 'tejasAra rAsa'mAM ane 'agaDadatta rAsa'mAM teo potAnA guru abhayadharma upAdhyAyano ullekha kare che. kuzaLalAbha kharataragacchanA jinacaMdrasUrinI paraMparAnA hatA ane rAjasthAna tarapha temano vihAra vizeSa rahelo jaNAya che. emaNe potAnI be mahattvanI rAsakRtionuM sarjana rAjasthAnamAM jesalameramAM karyuM hatuM. temaNe khaMbhAtanA sthaMbhanaka pArzvanAthanI ane pArakaranA goDI pArzvanAthanI jAtrA karI hatI. kuzaLalAbhe racelo navakAra maMtrano chaMda' Aje paNa jainomAM gavAya che. kavi kuzaLalAbhe racelI ane hAla upalabdha kRtio A pramANe che : (1) mAdhavAnala copAI (i.sa. 1560), (2) mArUDholAnI copAI (I.sa. 1561), (3) jinarakSita jinapAlita saMdhi (1565), (3) tejasAra rAsa (I.sa. 1568), (5) agaDadattarAsa (I.sa. 1569), (6) staMbhana pArzvanAtha stavana, (7) goDI pArzvanAtha stavana (8) navakAra maMtrano chaMda. emanI sauthI noMdhapAtra kRti mAdhavAnalakAmakaMdalA copAI (mAdhavAnala prabaMdha)nI racanA I.sa. 1560 (vi. sa. 1616)mAM phAgaNa suda 13ne ravivAre jesalameramAM thaI hatI. jesalameranA mahArAjA yAdava rAula zrI mAladevanA pATavI kuMvara rAjA hirarAjanA kutUhala arthe A kRtinI racanA karI hatI evo nirdeza kRtimAM che. duhA ane vizeSe copAI baMdhamAM thayelI A racanAmAM vacce vacce saMskRta zloka paNa mUkavAmAM AvyA che, ane prAkRta gAthAo paNa ApavAmAM AvI che. 666 kaDInI A kRtine kavie ThaNi ke kaDavaka ityAdimAM vibhakta karI nathI. temaja temAM copAI uparAMta bhinna bhinna dezInI DhALo paNa prayojavAmAM AvI nathI. mAdhavAnala ane kAmakaMdalAnI kathAnAM mULa lokakathAmAM rahelAM che ane kuzaLalAbhe paNa Itara keTalAka jaina kavionI jema lokakathAmAMthI kathAnaka pasaMda karI potAnI A kRtinI racanA karI

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94 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 che. A adbhutarasika kathAmAM mAdhava ane kAmakaMDalAnA prema ane virahanA prasaMgomAM kavie zRMgArarasanuM paNa sAruM nirUpaNa karyuM che. kavinI A kRtine emanA purogAmI kAyastha kavi gaNapatie I.sa. 1518mAM ATha sargamAM duhAnI ra500 kaDImAM racela mAdhavAnalakAmakaMDalAdompaka sAthe sarakhAvavA jevI che. "mArU DholAnI copAI'-nI racanA paNa kavie jesalameramAM I.sa. 156 1mAM harirAjanI vinaMtIthI karI hatI. mAdhavAnala copAInI kathAnI jema A kathA paNa kavie lokakathAmAMthI lIdhelI che. rAjasthAnamAM mArUDholAnI kathA e samaye vizeSa lokapriya hatI. duhA ane copAInI kaDIomAM racAyelI A kRtimAM vacce vacce "vAta'mAM, gadyakaMDikAo ApavAmAM AvI che, je pUrvakAlIna rAsAomAMnA "vastunI kaMDikAo karatAM moTI che. mAruvaNIno DholA mATeno jhurApo ne enA saMdezA vipralaMbhazRMgAranI A kRtinuM mukhya kendra che. kavie sAtaso gAthA pramANa A kRtimAM zRMgAra ane adbhuta rasathI sabhara kathAnuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. kavie kathAnuM samApana lokakathAmAM Ave che te ja rIte karyuM che, eTale ke dharmopadezanI dRSTithI ene laMbAvI nathI ane DholA-mArUne dIkSA letAM batAvyAM nathI. hIrakalaza kharatara gacchanA devatilaka upAdhyAyanA ziSya harSaprabhanA ziSya hIrakalaza I.sa. nA soLamA zatakanA uttarArdha ane sattaramA zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM vidyamAna hatA. teono vihAra ghaNuM kharuM rAjasthAna tarapha rahelo hato ema emanI kRtionAM racanAsthaLa jotAM jaNAya che. emaNe I.sa. 1558mAM nAgora nagaramAM, 'ArAdhanA copAI', I.sa. 1560mAM "aDhAra nAtarAMnI sajhAya', I.sa. 156 1mAM kanakapurImAM, kumatividhvaMsana copAI', I.sa. 156 ramAM bikAneramAM "munipaticaritra copAI', I.sa. 156 6mAM rAjaladesaramAM 'supana sajhAya', I.sa. 1568mAM savAlakha dezamAM "samyakatva kaumudI rAsa', I.sa. 1576mAM vAsaDe nagaramAM "jabUcopAI', I.sa. 1587mAM bikAneramAM jIbhadAMta saMvAda eTalI kRtionI racanA karelI maLe che, je haju aprakAzita che. kavi hIrakalaza jyotiSanA paNa sArA jANakAra hatA ane emanI jyotiSasAra' nAmanI padyamAM racelI eka kRti paNa maLe che. emanI rAsa sajhAya ItyAdi kRtiomAM kyAreka kRtinI racanA sAla uparAMta mAsa-tithinI sAthe nakSatrano paNa ullekha thayelo hoya che. vaLI kavi potAnI keTalIka kRtiomAM potAnI guruparaMparA suprasiddha dAdAguru zrI jinacaMdrasUrinA nAmollekha sAthe darzAve che. kavinI kRtiomAM 693 kaDImAM racAyelI "samyakatva kaumudI rAsa', 83 kaDImAM racAyelI "ArAdhanA copAI' tathA kumatividhvaMse copAI'mAM kathAnirUpaNa karatAM

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-1600) 95 tattvacarcA vizeSa thayelI che. kavinI sudIrgha kRti siMhAsanabatrIsI' be hajAra karatAM vadhu kaDImAM lakhAyelI che. vAcaka nayasuMdara I.sa. nA soLamA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM thaI gayelA jaina kaviomAM vAcaka nayasuMdara eka samartha kavi che. teo vaDatapagacchanI paraMparAmAM zrI dhanaratnasUrinA be ziSyo bhAnumerU upAdhyAya ane vAcaka mANikyaratna e be paikI bhAnumerUnA ziSya hatA. teo mANikyaratnanA laghu baMdhu hatA evo pote potAnI rAsakRtiomAM ullekha karyo che. nayasuMdaranI eka ziSyA sAdhvI zrI hemazrIe "kanakAvatI AkhyAna' nAmanI rAsakRtinI racanA karI che. jaina sAdhvIomAM hemazrI eka virala kavayitrI hatAM. - kavi nayasuMdara paMDitakavi hatA. teo saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, phArasI ItyAdi bhASAonA paNa sArA jANakAra hatA. emaNe kAvyazAstrano paNa sAro abhyAsa karyo haze ema emanI kRtio parathI joI zakAya che. kavi nayasuMdaranI kRtio A pramANe upalabdha che : (1) yazodharanRpa copAI (I.sa. 156 2) (ra) rUpacaMdakuMvara rAsa (I.sa. 1581), (3) zatruMjayamaMDana tIrthoddhAra rAsa (I.sa. 1582) (3) prabhAvatIrAsa (I.sa. 1584) 5) surasuMdarI rAsa (I.sa. 1590), (6) naLadamayaMtI rAsa (I.sa. 1609) , (7) giranAra uddhAra rAsa, (8) zIlarakSA prakAza rAsa (I.sa. 16 13), (9) Atmapratibodha, (10) zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha stavana, (11) zAMtinAtha stavana. kavinI A kRtiomAM "naLadamayaMtI rAsa" ane "rUpacaMdakuMvara rAsa' emanI samartha kRtio che. naLadamayaMtI rAsa : kavi nayasuMdaranI rAsakati 'naLadamayaMtI rAsa' e viSayanI jaina paraMparAnI anya rAsakRtio karatAM judI ja bhAta pADe che. kavie I.sa. 1609mAM karelI A racanA mANijyadevasUrinA saMskRta mahAkAvya "nalAyana'no AdhAra laIne karI che. jaina paraMparAmAM 'nalAyana' mahAkAvya eka vilakSaNa kRti che kAraNa ke emAM mahAbhAratanI ane jaina paraMparAnI kathAnA samanvayano prayAsa thayo che. 10 skaMdhanA 99 sarganA 4050 zlokamAM lakhAyelA A mahAkAvyane kavi nayasuMdare 16 prastAvanI lagabhaga 2400 kaDImAM utAryuM che. ethI dekhItI rIte ja mULa kRtinA zabdazaH anuvAdane A rAsamAM avakAza nathI. keTaleka sthaLe nayasuMdare mULanA prasaMga jatA karyA che, to keTaleka sthaLe kalpanAno vistAra karyo che, to koIka sthaLe potAnI kalpanA pramANe umerA paNa karyA che. dA.ta. "nalAyana' mahAkAvyamAM koI eka pathika naLarAjA pAse AvI daMDakAraNyanI utpattinI vAta kare che, paraMtu nayasuMdare e prasaMga

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96 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 choDI dIdho che. naLanI virahAvasthAnuM varNana "nalAyana kAre A sthaLe eka zlokamAM pataMgiyuM, bhamaro, hAthI vagerenAM udAharaNa ApI karyuM che, to nayasuMdare te mATe ATha kaDI prayojI che, juo - e madana raMge mohiyA, prANI tyaje nija prANa, je paMDitA guNamaMDitA, kSaNa thAya teha ajANa, paDatAM re amadAjALamAM jaLajaMtu ne ziMgALA, ati pIvarA je dhIvarA, teNuM paDe tatakALa, Indri ekekI mokaLe, prANI lahe duHkha dekhi, AlAna baMdhani jaga paDyo, lolupI saparza vizeSa. Ima eke AcaryA, viSaya deya paMcatva, pAMce paragaTa paravaze, kima sukhe rahezo sattva. haMsa naLanI kIrtinuM varNana kare che te prasaMganuM nirUpaNa karatAM kavi nayasuMdara potAnI kalpanA pramANe umero kare che. bAreka kaDImAM karelA e varNanamAMthI thoDIka paMkti juo : tava karati kanyA jagamAMhI, rAjana khela kare ucchahi, krIDA bhUmi himAcala karyA, pUrNacandra kaMduka kara dharyA. khaDokhali khIrodhadi tAsa, zikayA diggaja daMtanivAsa, oDhaNi suragaMgA zazimukhI, godevI tehanI priya sakhI. e ja haMsa damayaMtI AgaLa naLanI kIrtinI prazaMsA kare che te prasaMganA nirUpaNamAM kavinI ucca kavitvazaktinI ApaNane pratIti thAya che - nirmaLa naLa-kIratinI tulA nAvi zazi saMpUraNa kalA. te bhaNI mRga kalaMka so vahI, e upamA kAraNa kavi kahi, nalanRpa zatrutaNA AvAsa, paDyA bhUmi teNi ugyA ghAsa, te carivA mRga Ave soI, to zazi nalakarati sama hoya. ekaMdare saMkSipta bhAvAnuvAda tarIke vicArIe to bANabhaTTanI kAdaMbarInA bhAlaNe karelA anuvAdanI yAda apAve evo, balake ethI paNa vizeSa samartha A anuvAda che. A rAsamAM nayasuMdaranI potAnI tarI AvatI viziSTatA e che ke emaNe sthaLe sthaLe saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI, hiMdI, phArasI subhASito mUkyAM che, ane emAMnAM keTalAMkano gujarAtI padyAnuvAda paNa Apyo che. e subhASito paNa kavinI vidvattAnI pratIti karAve evAM che. kavi pAse jema ucca anuvAdazakti

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450 -1600) 97 che tema ucca kavitvazakti paNa che, jenI pratIti Akho rAsa vAMcatAM vAraMvAra thAya che. kavinI vANI anAyAsa, askhalita vahI jAya che. kavi pAse asAdhAraNa bhASAprabhutva che je emanI paMktione saghana banAve che ane ene sAmAnyatAmAM ke binajarUrI vistAramAM sarI paDatI aTakAve che. emanI bhASAmAM ojasa paNa che ane mAdhurya paNa che, ADaMbara che ane zabda-vilAsa paNa che. kavi nayasuMdaranI A rAsakRti ApaNI madhyakAlIna uttama sAhityakRtionI haroLamAM sthAna pAme evI che. rUpacaMdakuMvara rAsa : kavi nayasuMdare vIjApura nagaramAM cha khaMDamAM A rAsanI racanA karI che. emAM rUpacaMdakuMvaranuM kathAnaka AlekhAyuM che. ujjayinI nagaramAM rAja karatA rAjA vikramanA rAjyamAM dhanadatta zreSThI ane enI bhAryAM dhanasuMdarIne thayelA cAra putromAM chello putra te rUpacaMda. rUpacaMda bhaNIgaNI moTo thAya che eTale rUpasuMdarI nAmanI kanyA sAthe enAM lagna thAya che. tyAra pachI kanoja nagarInA rAjA guNacaMdanI kuMvarI saubhAgyasuMda2ne rUpacaMda pratye AkarSaNa thAya che. baMne ekAMtamAM maLe che, samasyAo dvArA saMketa thAya che ane gAMdharvavivAhathI joDAya che. e vAtanI vikrama rAjAne khabara paDe che. te rUpacaMda pAsethI vAta kaDhAvavAno, judI judI samasyAono artha jANavAno prayatna kare che, khUba mAre che, paraMtu rUpacaMda kazo khulAso ke ekarAra karato nathI. chevaTe rAjA ene zULIe caDAvavAno nirNaya kare che. to paNa rUpacaMda makkama rahe che. te samaye pradhAna rAjAne vacana Ape che ane rUpacaMdane mukta karAve che. rUpacaMda pAsethI badhI samasyAonA artha jANavA hoya to vikrama rAjAe potAnI putrI madanamaMjarIne rUpacaMda sAthe paraNAvavI joIe evA pradhAnanA sUcanane rAjA svIkAre che. madanamaMjarI potAnI kuzaLatAthI ane premathI rUpacaMda pAsethI badhI mAhitI meLavI rAjAne kahe che. rAjA ethI prasanna thaI saubhAgyasuMdarI sAthe enAM vidhipUrvaka lagna karAve che. Ama traNa patnIo - rUpasuMdarI, saubhAgyasuMdarI ane madanamaMjarI- sAthe bhogavilAsa bhogavato, sukhamAM divasonuM nirgamana rUpacaMda karato hato. evAmAM ujjayinImAM padhArelA jaina AcArya siddhasenasUrinA upadezanI rAjA u52 ghaNI asara paDI. rUpacaMda paNa tyAM upasthita hato. sUrie saMsAranI asAratA, manuSya bhavanI durlabhatA, ajJAnI jIvanAM karmo, mRtyu pAse sarvanI adhInatA ityAdi 52 vivecana karI upadeza Apyo. rUpacaMde pUchatAM bIje divase sUrie potAnA jyotiSajJAnanA AdhAre ene jaNAvyuM ke enuM AyuSya have mAtra cha mAsanuM che. e sAMbhaLI, vicArI mAtApitA tathA patnIone samajAvI rUpacaMde siddhasenasUri pAse dIkSA lIdhI. enI sAthe enI patnIoe ane pAMceka vaDIloe paNa dIkSA lIdhI.

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98 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 cha mahinA pUrA thavA AvatAM munivara rUpacaMda saMlekhanA karI, AyuSyapUrNa karI svarge sidhAvyA. kavie A kathAnakane rasika banAvavA varNano, alaMkAro, subhASito ityAdi uparAMta emAM keTalIka ADakathAo paNa nirUpI che. A kathA maulika che, paraMtu keTalAMka kathAghaTako kavie bIjethI lIdhelAM jaNAya che. kavie rAsane aMte pote kahyuM cheH keto ciratra mAMhelo carI, keto kahyo svabuddhe karI, ketI vAta suNI te kahI, adhikuM ochuM khAmuM sahI. zRMgA22sanuM nirUpaNa paNa kavie ThIka ThIka karyuM che. tema chatAM kavino Azaya kRtine zAMtaparyavasAyI banAvavAno che e spaSTa che. kavi pote kahe che : "prathama zRMgAra rasa thApiyo, cheDo zAMta 2se vyApiyo'. kavi nayasuMdarakRta 'rUpacaMdakuMvara rAsa' ApaNA samagra rAsa-sAhityanI eka mahattvanI kRti banI rahe che. maMgalamANikya Agama biDAlaMba gacchanA muniratnasUrinI paraMparAnA bhAnubhaTTanA ziSya kavi maMgalamANikye racelI be rAsakRtio upalabdha che, je baMne haju aprakAzita che. emaNe I.sa. 1582mAM ujjayinI nagarImAM vikramarAja ane khApa2 corano rAsa'nI racanA karI che. vikrama vize je judI judI gadyakathAo ane rAsa lakhAyelA che teno abhyAsa karI kavie A vI22sapradhAna kRtinI racanA karI che ema pote nirdeza karyo che : vikrama siMhAsana chaI batrIsa, kathA vaitAlINI paMcavIsa, paMcadaMDa chatranI kathA, vikramacaritra lIlAvaI kathA, pravesaparakAyanI vAta, sIlamatI khAparanI khyAti, vikramaprabaMdha achaI je ghaNA, kahaItA pAra nahI guNA, iti umAhu aMgituM dharI guru kavi saMta caraNa aNusarI, gadyakathA rAsa uddhara, raciu prabaMdha vI22sa sAra. A rAsanI racanA karyA pachI kavie e ja varSe ujjayinImAM cAturmAsa daramiyAna 'aMbaDa kathAnaka copAI'nI racanA paNa zarU karI dIdhI hatI, je pachInA varSamAM pUrNa karI hatI. sAta Adeza'mAM racAyelI bhinna bhinna rasa nirUpatI A rAsakRti kavie potAnA mitra lADajIne saMbhaLAvavA mATe racI hatI, evo pote rAsamAM jude jude sthaLe nirdeza karyo che.

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-1600) 99 mitra lADajI suNivA kAjI, vAMcI kathA viDAlaMbI rAjI, kahaI vAcaka maMgalamANikya, aMbaDa kathA rasaI adhikaya, te gurukRpA taNo Adeza, pUrA sAta hUA Adeza. sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya I.sa. soLamA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM ane sattaramA zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM vidyamAna kavi sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya potAnI kRtiomAM suprasiddha akabara pratibodhaka hIravijasUrine potAnA guru tarIke oLakhAve che, paraMtu koI vakhata potAne vijayadAnasUrinA ziSya tarIke paNa oLakhAve che. eTale vijayadAnasUri emanA dIkSAguru hovAno saMbhava che. kavi sakalacaMdra upAdhyAye "mRgAvatI AkhyAna', "vAsupUjya jina puNyaprakAza rAsa uparAMta "sAdhuvaMdanA', "satarabhedI pUjA', "ekavIsa prakArI pUjA', "bAra bhAvanA', sajajhAya', 'vIra vardhamAna jinaveli', "gaNadharavAda stavana', "sAdhukalpalatA', "mahAvIra hIMcastavana', "RSabha samatA saralatA stavana', "vIrajita stavana', "kumatidoSa vijJAptikA', "zrI sImaMdhara stavana', 'gautamapRcchA', varasvAmI sajhAya', hIravijayasUri dezanA suraveli', 'munizikSA sajhAya', "caturvizati stavana', pArzvanAtha stavana ItyAdi ghaNI laghu kRtionI racanA karI che. kavinI moTI kRtiomAM ceTaka rAjAnI putrI suprasiddha satI mRgAvatInA caritra vizenI kRti mRgAvatI AkhyAna' che. duhA, copAI, ane bhinna bhinna dezIonI DhALanI 725 jeTalI kaDImAM lakhAyelI A rAsakRti mATe kavie pote "AkhyAna' zabda prayojelo che. mRgAvatI suratI AkhyAna, zIla rakhopA kIjejI, satI save nitu suNyo bhaNyo, hIravijaya gurarAjaIjI. kavinI A kRti sivAya bIjI kRtio jotAM jaNAya che ke kavie rAsa karatAM stavana, sajhAya, pUjA, ItyAdi prakAranI laghu kRtionI racanA vizeSa karI che. kavi pote saMgItanA sArA jANakAra hatA ane A prakAranI laghukRtiomAM saMgItanI jANakArI vizeSa jarUrI hoya che. kavinI bhASAmAM layamAdhurya ane prAsAdikatA joI zakAya che. "ekavIsa prakArI pUjAne aMte kaLazanI paMktio juo : guNiyo zuNiyo re, prabhu cita aMtarameM yuNiyo. traNya bhuvanamAM nahIM tuja tole, te meM manamAM dhariyo re. vIra vardhamAna jinaveli'mAM AraMbhanI AzAurI rAganI paMktio juo :

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10 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa - 1 naMdanakuM tisalA hulAvaMI pUtAM mohyA idAre, tujha guNa lADakaDAnA gAvati, suranaranArinA vRMdA re. sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya saMskRtanA vidvAna paMDita hatA. emaNe saMskRtamAM pratiSThAkalpa' nAmanI kRtinI racanA karI che. emanI gujarAtI kRtiomAM paNa kyAMka kyAMka emaNe saMskRtamAM zloka racIne mUkelA che. sAdhvI zrI hemazrI jaina sAdhukavioe gujarAtI bhASAmAM bAramAthI aDhAramA saikA sudhImAM eTaluM badhuM sAhitya lakheluM che ke e badhuM mudrita thaI prakAzamAM AvatAM paNa ghaNAM varSo lAgaze. jaina sAdhuonA pramANamAM sAdhvIonI kRtio khAsa jovA maLatI nathI. I.sa.nA soLamA saikAnA aMtabhAgamAM racAyelI eka kRti jovA maLe che ane te che sAdhvIzrI hemazrIkRta kanakAvatI AkhyAna'. vaDatapagacchanA dhanyaratnasUrinA ziSya suprasiddha kavi nayasuMdaranI A ziSyAe I.sa. 1588mAM A kRtinI racanA karelI che. vRdha tapAgaccha-maMDana dInakara, zrI dhanaratnasUrIrAya, amararatna sUri pATapaTodhara, bhAnumeru ziSya kahevAya, guNagaNadhara maMDita vaIrAgI, nayasuMdara raSirAya, vAcaka mAMhi mukhya bhaNI jaI, tasa sippaNI guNa gAya, kathAmAMI kahaI rasAlu, kanakAvatI saMbaMdha, kanakAvatI AkhyAna racau maI, sUaNAM sarasa saMbaMdha. 36 7 jeTalI kaDImAM racAyelI AkhyAna nAmanI A rAsakRtimAM kavayitrIe sarasvatI devI ane jinezvara bhagavAnane namaskAra karI kanakAvatInA vRttAntanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. A kRti haju aprasiddha che. rAjaputrI kanakAvatIne mAthe bAlyakALathI ja kevAM kevAM saMkaTo AvI paDe che, eka rAjaputra ajitasenano ene kevI rIte meLApa thAya che, baMne kevI rIte vikhUTAM paDe che ane pharI pAchAM maLe che, ane aneka varSa rAja bhogavI dIkSA le che e kathAnuM addabhutarasika Alekhana A rAsamAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. mAladeva I.sa.nA soLamA saikAnA aMtabhAgamAM thayelA A kavi vaDagacchanA puNyaprabhasUrinA ziSya bhAvadevasUrinA ziSya hatA. kavi RSabhadAse potAnA purogAmI vidvAna kavionA karelA nAmollekhamAM mAladevano paNa nirdeza che. mAladeve rAsa, phAgu. prabaMdha ityAdi

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450 -1600) prakAranI kRtionI racanA karI che. mAladeva ane emanA guruno vihAra siMdha, paMjAba ane rAjasthAnamAM vizeSa rahelo jaNAya che. mAladevanI kRtiomAM atyAre upalabdha che : (1) puraMdarakumAra copAI, (2) bhojaprabaMdha, (3) vikramacaritra paMcadaMDakathA, (4) devadattacopAI, (5) agniratha copAI, (6) surasuMdarI copAI, (7) vIrAMgada copAI, (8) mAladeva zikSA copAI, (9) sthUlibhadra phAga, (10) rAjula-neminAtha dhamAla ane (11) zIlabatrIsI. AmAMnI ghaNIkharI kRtio haju aprasiddha rahI che. mAladevanI kRtio kadamAM moTI che. enI bhojaprabaMdha' ane 'vikramacaritra paMcadaMDakathA' nAmanI kRtio to lagabhaga paMdaraso karatAMye vadhu kaDImAM lakhAyelI che ane devadatta copAI", 'vIrAMgada copAI' ityAdi kRtio pAMcaso karatAM paNa vadhu kaDImAM lakhAyelI che. mAladeva pAse kathA-nirUpaNanI sArI zakti jaNAya che. vaLI upamA ane dRSTAnta teo vAraMvAra prayoje che eTale emanI vANI paNa alaMkRta bane che. duhA soraThAmAM prayojelI emanI keTalIka paMktio to subhASita jevI banI gaI che. jayaraMga kavie saM. 1721mAM potAnA 'yavannA rAsa'mAM mAladevanI paMkitao TAMkI che, je mAladevanI paMktionI lokapriyatA darzAve che. mAladevanI e prakAranI paMktionAM thoDAM udAharaNo juo : prIti nahi jobana vinA, dhana binu nAhIM ghATa, mAla dharma binu sukhu nahIM, guru binu nAhIM vATa. (bhojaprabaMdha) muo suta khiNa Ika dahe, vinu jAyo kRti teu, dahe janma lagu muDha suta, sau duHkha sahII teu. puraMdarakumAra copAI) guNasamudra sadguru vinA, ziSya na jANai marma, binu dIpaki aMdhAra mAMhi, kari sakriya kiuM karma.(vikramacarita paMcadaMDakathA) varata bhalI jaI ApaNI, grAhaka tau jagu hou, khoTau nANau Apau, tau tasa leI na koI. 101 (devadattacopAI) padmasuMdara livaMdaNikagacchanA mANikayasuMdaranA ziSya padmasuMdara upAdhyAya I.sa. soLamA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM vidyamAna hatA. emaNe keTalIka rAsakRtionI racanA karelI maLe che. emano racanAkALa, upalabdha kRtione AdhAre, I.sa. 1586thI I.sa. 1591 sudhIno manAya che. emaNe zrIsAra copAI' (I.sa. 1586), 'zrIpAla copAI' (I.sa. 1588), 'ratnamAlA rAsa'(I.sa. 1588), 'kathAcUDa copAI' (I.sa. 1588), 'IzAnacaMdra vijyA copAI' (I.sa. 1588) ane 'zrIdata copAI' (I.sa. 1588) nI racanA

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102 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 karI che. A badhI kRtio emaNe tAraMgAjI tIrthanI pAse AvelA cADA nAmanA gAmamAM karI che evo te dareka kRtimAM nirdeza che. zrIsAra copAInI racanA karyA pachI bIjI pAMce rAsa-kRtionI racanA emaNe eka ja varSamAM I.sa. 1588mAM karI che. eTale A kavie A pachI paNa bIjI ghaNI kRtionI racanA karI hovAno saMbhava che, je kAM to lupta thaI hoya athavA vaNanoMdhAyelI kyAMka rahI hoya. guNavinaya kharataragacchanA kSetrazAkhAnA jayasoma upAdhyAyanA ziSya kavi guNavinaya saMskRtanA vidvAna paMDita ane samartha TIkAkAra hatA. emaNe gujarAtImAM paNa saMkhyAbaMdha kRtionI racanA karI che. e kRtionI padAvalImAM emanI saMskRta bhASAnI sajjanatAno prabhAva paDelo che. karmacaMdra vaMzAvalI prabaMdha', "aMjanAsuMdarI prabaMdha, jaMbUrAsa', "kalAvatI copAI', 'jIvasvarUpa copAI', 'naLa-damayaMtI prabaMdha', praznottara mAlikA', dhannAzAlibhadra copAI', mUladeva-kumAra copAI', 'agaDadata rAsa', alpakamata-tamodinakara copAI', tapA-ekAvana bola copAI', "raMga jinastavana', dumuha pratyeka buddha copAI', gurupaTTAvalI', 'bAravrata joDI," zatrujya caityaparipATI stavana', "aMcalamata svarUpa varNana' ityAdi emanI kRtio upalabdha che. kavie ghaNIkharI kRtiomAM potAnI guruparaMparA suprasiddha yugapradhAna AcArya jinacaMdrasUrithI jaNAvI che, ane ghaNIkharI kRtiomAM enI racanA sAlano nirdeza paNa karyo che. I.sa. 16 21mAM lupaka matatamo-dinakara copAInI racanA karI teTalA gALAmAM ekavIsa jeTalI gujarAtI ane bAreka jeTalI saMskRtamAM emaNe racanA karI che. I.sa.nA soLamA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM A uparAMta bIjA saMkhyAbaMdha jaina kavioe rAsa, phAgu, prabaMdha, stavana, sajhAya, pUjA ItyAdi kRtionI racanA karI che, jemAMnI ghaNIkharI haju aprasiddha rahI che. evI kRtiomAMnI keTalIka mahattvanI nIce pramANe che : (1) sumati munikRta agaDadara rAsa, (2) darzana kavikRta caMdrAyaNo rAsa, (3) jagARSikRta 'vicAramaMjarI" (4) puyasAgarakRta subAhu saMdhi, (5) vimalacaritra kRta rAjasiMha rAsa, (6) rAjapALakRta jaMbUkumAra rAsa, (7) harSavimalakata bAvrata sajajhAya (8) pramodazIlata zrI sImaMdhara jinastrotra vIrasenA sajajhAyaH khaMdhasUri sajajhAya (9) sahajaratnakRta vairAgyavinati, viharamAna stavana (10) devaguptasUri ziSyakRta amara mitrAnaMda rAsa (11) hemarAjakRta dhanArANa (1) prItivijaya kRta bAvrata rAsa (1) harSarAjakRta surasena rAsa (14) lAvaNyakIrtikRta rAmakRSNa copAI : gajasukamAla rAsa (15) vinayasAgarakRta somacaMda rAjAnI copAI : citrasena padmAvatI

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jaina sAhitya -1 (I.sa. 1450-1600) 103 rAsa (16) mAnakRta kIrtidhara sukosala prabaMdha (17) sAdhukIrtita satarabhedI pUjA ASADhabhUti prabaMdha (18) devazIlakRta vetAla paMcavasI rAsa (19) ANaMdasomakRta somavimalasUrirAsa (20) bhIma bhAvasArakRta zreNika rAsa, nAgadattano rAsa (21) sumatikartisUrikRta dharmaparIkSAH dharmadhyAna rAsa (22) ratnasuMdarakata paMcopAkhyAna catuSyadi (23) kanakasomakRta AkumAra copAI, maMgalakalaza copAI (26) hIrakuzalakRta kumArapAla rAsa (27) dharmaratnakRta jayavijaya copAI (28) vaccharAjakRta samyakatva kaumudI rAsa, nItizAstra paMcAkhyAna (ra9) kalyANadevakRta devarAja vaccharAja copAI (30) vijayazekharakRta ratnakumAra rAsa yazobhadra copAI (31) prItivimalakata mRgAMkakumAra padmAvatI copAI (32) dayAkuzalakRta lAbhodaya rAsa, vijayasiMhasUri rAsa (33) vivekaharSakRta hIravijayasUrino rAsa (34) jayacaMdrakRta rasaratna rAsa (35) lalitaprabhakRta caMdarAjAno rAsa (36) matisAgarakRta caMpakasena rAsa (37) kamalazekharakRta navatattva copAI, pradyumnakumAra copAI (38) bhAnumaMdiraziSyakRta devakumAra caritra (39) samayadhvajata sItA copAI (40)hemarAjakata dhanAvAsa, buddhirAsa (41) megharAjakRta zAntinAtha caritra (42) mallidAsakRta jaMbUsvAmI rAsa (43) raMgavimalakRta drupadI copAI (44) bhavAnakRta vaMkacUla rAsa (45) ratnavimalakata dAmanaka rAsa (46) navaratnaziSyakRta pratibodha rAsa (47) kamalaharSakRta amarasena vayarasena rAsa, narmadAsuMdarI prabaMdha (50) vinayazekharaskRta yazobhadra copAI (51) siddhisUrikRta siMhAsana batrIsI, "kaladhvajakumAra' rAsa ane zivadatta rAsa. * A prakaraNamAM nemiraMgaratnAkarachaMda (lAvaNyasamaya) tathA guNaratnAkarachaMda (sahajasuMdara), vizenAM lakhANa rAjeza paMDyAnAM che. -saM.

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104 ( 4 narasiMha mahetA umAzaMkara jozI 1. bhakti AMdolanano pratinidhi udgAtA Adijali gujarAtI sAhityano ugama IsvI sananA bAramA saikAmAM thayo hovA chatAM, ane keTalIka gaNanApAtra kRtio bhASAmAM racAI cUkI hovA chatAM, sAmAnyapaNe narasiMha mahetAne gujarAtI bhASAnA Adikavi'nuM biruda maLyuM che, temAM mahattva "Adi karatAM vadhu to kavi padane lokasamAje ApyuM che. narasiMha pahelAM racAyelI kRtio prajAnA thoDA vargamAM-jainasamAjamAM pracalita haze, paNa aMte to e upAzrayonI jJAnabhaMDAronI pothIomAM sacavAI. narasiMhanAM bhaktinAM ne jJAnanAM pada lokajIbhe caDhI gayAM, te eTale sudhI ke jamAne jamAne badalAtI bhASAnA saMskAra jhIlatAM atyAre pracalita bhASAmAM te prApta thAya che. e uparathI, bhASA-vijJAnano abhyAsa ThIka rIte zarU thayo nahato tyAre, keTalAka ema kahetA ke juo, atyAre bolAya che evI ja bhASA narasiMhanA samayamAM paNa hatI. narasiMhanAM pado niraMtara lokajIbhe rahyAM kemake te lokahaiye vasI jAya evAM hatAM. kyAM narasiMhanI bhUmi, giranAra taLeTI, ane kyAM gujarAtanA uttara sImADAnI aravallInI TekarIo? paNa e TekarIomAM pachAta varganA abhaNane mukhe paNa nitya savAre narasiMhanI paMktio gavAtI sAMbhaLavA maLe che : jAgo jAgone jAdavA tamane jagave jazodA mAta; tamAre jAge re sarave jAgaze, tame jAgone jaganAtha. lIlI pILI ne popaTI kAMI bagalA pArevaDI gAya, bolAvI Tahuko karyo..

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narasiMha mahetA 105 A paMktiomAM mAtra kRSNabhaktinuM AkarSaNa nathI. raMgaraMgI gAyonA dhaNanuM citraNa ane e pazuone eka-kAna karavAnI bAla gopAlanI zaktino saMketa emAM A paMktionuM vazIkaraNa che. bhaktinI sAthe sAthe mANasamAM rahelI sauMdaryavRttine saMtoSavAnI narasiMhanI bhASAnI zakti tarata dhyAna kheMce che. narasiMha gujarAtI bhASAno 'Adikavi' itihAsadRSTie nathI, paNa narasiMhamAM gujarAtI bhASAne eno prathama mukhya avAja sAMpaDe che. koI bhASA jene lIdhe sAhityanI bhASA bane - sAhitya dharAvatI bhASAnuM gaurava pAme evo eka vIryavaMta sarjakano e avAja che. e arthamAM narasiMha gujarAtIno 'Adivi' jarUra che. madhyakAlIna bhaktiAMdolana narasiMhanI kavitAmAM bhaktinI kaho ke bharatIno paricaya thAya che. bhaktino AgaLa paDato prabhAva gujarAtI sAhitya pazcimanA sAhityanA saMparkamAM AvyuM tyAM sudhInA, 1852mAM dayArAmanuM mRtyu thayuM tyAM sudhInA, samayamAM satata dekhAyA kare che. ane te pachI paNa nAmazeSa thato nathI. narmada pAsethI meLavelA premabhakti' padane nAnAlAla potAnA upanAma tarIke yoje che. narasiMhanI kavitAmAM uttaraMgita thato bhaktino juvALa Avyo kyAMthI? mAtra gujarAtI sAhityamAM ja nahIM, bhAratanI bIjI arvAcIna bhASAomAM paNa A dRzya jovA maLe che. madhyakAlIna bhAratamAM bhaktisAhityano prAdurbhAva e eka viziSTa sAMskRtika ghaTanA rUpe pratIta thAya che. dezamAM cAlI rahelA koI mahAna prabaLa bhaktiAMdolananI e sAhitya sAkSI pUre che. balake bhaktisAhityanA prAdurbhAva pachI arvAcIna bhAratIya bhASAo pahelIvAra soLe kaLAe khIlavA pAmatI hoya ema dekhAya che. jUnI bhASAo, saMskRta ane tamiLa, bhaktinI vAta kare che. bhakti to manuSyahRdaya jeTalI jUnI che. vedanI RcAomAM ane upaniSadomAM bhaktino tAra guMje che. gItA bhaktino mahimA karatAM thAkatI nathI. bhaktinA matta AvezanI vAta - lokalAja ke zAstrabaMdhananI paravA na karavAnI vAta nAradanAM bhaktisUtro jevAMmAM thaI che. madhyakAlIna bhaktisAhityamAM jenuM vizeSa bhAve mahattva thayuM te bAlakRSNanI lIlA te paNa hiravaMzamAM ane purANasAhityamAM ane bhAsanA 'bAlacirata' nATaka AdimAM varNavAI che. viSNu, gopAla, bAlakRSNa upara avalaMbatA bhAgavata saMpradAyanI vyApakatA jUnA samayamAM hatI. paNa je pracura saMskRta sAhitya sulabha che temAM kyAMye madhyakALamAM vikaselI arvAcIna bhAratIya bhASAomAM bhaktino jevo ekAntika

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106 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 Adara thAya che ane bhakti sAhityasarjananI mukhya preraNA banI rahe che evuM dazya jovA maLatuM nathI. griyarsana jevA to bauddhadharmanA AMdolana karatAM paNa A bhaktiAMdolanane vadhAre vyApaka ane vizALa lekhe che kema ke A AMdolanano prabhAva hajI Aje paNa varatAya che. griyarsane kahe che ke A AMdolanamAM dharma e jJAnano nahIM paNa bhAvAvezano viSaya bane che. ane tene pravartAvanArAo te kAzInA prakAMDa paMDito nathI paNa yuropanA seInTa barnArDa, Tomasa-I-kempisa ane seInTa TeresA jevAM sAthe jemanI tulanA thaI zake evAM pRthano che. vaLI teo kahe che ke vIjaLInA jhabakAranI peThe tamAma purANA dhArmika matonI upara A eka navI vastue dekhA dIdhI ane e kyAMthI pragaTI te nizcitapaNe koI kahI zakatuM nathI. govardhanarAma tripAThIe pahelI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukhapadethI ApelA vyAkhyAnamAM gujarAtanA bhaktivADmayanI 'A mULa dIvIomAM, koIpaNa anya jyotinA prabhAvathI jvAlAo prakaTI hovI joIe e vicAra AgaLa dharyo hato. AnaMdazaMkara dhruva paNa bhaktinI e jvALAo kyAMthI phUTI enI tapAsamAM, mukhyatve narasiMhanA jIvanasamayanA nirNayane aMge, gUMthAya che ane caitanyasaMpradAya sAthe athavA to bhaviSyottara purANa sAthe narasiMhamAM AvatAM rAdhAnI sakhIonAM nAmono saMbaMdha vicAre che. savAla A ke te kavionI kavitAmAM A ke te vigato kevI rIte AvI eTalo nathI, rAmAnuja, vallabhAcArya, caitanya - e bhaktimArgapravartako madhyakALamAM kayAM sAMskRtika paribaLone pariNAme pragaTyA ane aneka kavikaMThone gAtA karanAra vyaktine cAlanA maLI te che. griyarsane khristI dharmanA prabhAvanI vAta karI che. anumAna e che ke tAmilanADumAM bIjI trIjI sadImAM AvI vaselA khristIonA samAjanI prapanabhAvabharI bhakticaryAno prabhAva rAmAnuja para paDyo hoya. eka ItihAsakAre hijarI sananA AraMbhamAM zaMkarAcAryanA vatana kAlaDImAM musalamAnonA AvavAno ane tyAMno rAjA musalamAna thayAno prabhAva zaMkarAcAryanA advaitavAda upara paDelo mAnyo che. paNa advaitavAdanI-brahma eka che e vAtanI upaniSadomAM, ane vedamAM paNa sad vipra vadUdhA vanti - satya eka che, anubhavI suzo ene judI judI rIte varNave che- jevAM vAkyomAM, bhArapUrvaka sthApanA thayelI che tenuM zuM? bhakticaryA paNa bhAratIya samAjamAM khUba khIlelI hatI. dA.ta. gItA sarvasamarpaNabhAvathI ananyabhAve bhakti karavA kahe che. bhaktimArgamAM vyaktino paramAtmA sAtheno aMgata saMbaMdha gRhIta che. AtmIya deva parsanala gaoNDa)nI e

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narasiMha mahetA 107 apekSA rAkhe che. samAjamAM yajJayAga, karmakAMDa, zAsacarcA vagere cAlyAM karatAM, paNa tenI sAthe sAthe bahujanasamAjamAM to bhagavAna sAthenA AtmIya saMbaMdhane poSanArI, prabhunA koI ne koI avatAra-khAsa karIne kRSNa ke rAma-nuM avalaMbana lenArI, saraLa upAsanA cAlatI. abhIpsAvALAM sAmAnya mANaso zAstranA AdhAra vagara ja, sahajabhAve, AvA bhaktimArgane anusaratAM. zaMkarAcArye advaitavAdanI tarkabaddha sthApanA karI, lagabhaga te arasAmAM ja dakSiNanA ALavAra saMtonI vANI dvArA bhaktinAM pAtALajaLa samAjanI dharmatRSA chIpavI rahyAM hatAM. tyAM Avyo bhaktino mukhya graMtha bhAgavatapurANa. rAmAnuja (I.11mI sadI) Adi AcAryoe zAstrIya bhUmikAe bhaktinI rajUAta karI. pUrva bhAratamAM kRSNabhaktine jyadeva (I.12mI sadI)nI 'gItagoviMda racanA ane caitanya mahAprabhu (I. 1485-1533)nI bhakticaryA dvArA apUrva vega maLyo. uttaramAM guruparaMparAmAM rAmAnujanI 14mI peDhIe AvatA rAmAnaMda svAmI (janma I.13OO) dvArA rAmabhaktine prAdhAnya maLyuM ane emanA udAra netRtva nIce bhaktimArgamAM saguNopAsanA, nirguNopAsanA ane yogasAdhanA-darekane avakAza maLyo. dakSiNanA zrImad vallabhAcArye I. 14781530) uttara ane pazcima bhAratamAM kRSNAzrayI puSTimArga pravartAvyo. jotajotAmAM bhaktinuM eka pracaMDa AMdolana dezamAM vyApI vaLyuM. e navI tumAM aneka kavikaMTha UghaDayA. e kavio moTA bhAge saMto hatA. sau saMtakavionI jIvanacaryA tema ja vANInA pratApe dezanA jIvanamAM jANe ke bhaktino juvALa caDhyo hoya evuM sAMskRtika dazya madhyakALamAM najare paDe che. joI zakAze ke A badhuM akasmAt banyuM nathI. eka vastu dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevI che. bhaktimAM bhedabhAvane sthAna nathI. gItA paNa kahe che ke strIo, vaizyo ane zUddho, te paNa mAro Azraya laIne parama gatine pAme che' (9.32). zaMkarAcArye buddhinI bhUmikAe bauddhadharmane zikasta ApI. zAstrapratiSThita varNAzramabhedamUlaka brAhmaNadharma surakSita banyo. karuNApradhAna bauddhadharme bahujanasamAjane saraLa dharmacaryA ane bhedarahitatA tarapha vALyo hato te kAma pharI upADavAnuM AvyuM. dakSiNamAM ALavAra saMto, jemanAmAMnA keTalAka zUdro hatA ane eka to strI-saMta (AMDAla) hatAM, temanI bhakticaryA dvArA eno jANe ke AraMbha thato na hoya. dakSiNanA ALavAronuM bhaktinuM mojuM, kramekrame saMbala meLavatuM jatuM aMte himAlaya UMcuM UchaLe che. emAM upakAraka evI eka bIjI vastu paNa joI zakAya che, te che IslAmanuM Agamana. bauddhadharma upara brAhmaNadharmo vijaya to meLavyo paNa emAM e pote khakhaDI gayo hato, dodaLo banyo hato, ane tyAM eka apUrva tAjagIbharyA dharme hiMdustAnanAM

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108 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 bAraNAM khakhaDAvyAM. e dharmamAM saraLatA hatI, eka-IzvaranI upAsanA hatI, zAstranAM jALAM na hatAM, sAmAjika bhedabhAvano abhAva hato. navA dharma AgaLa A dezanuM dharmajIvana yajJayAga para AdhAra rAkhIne ke zAstronuM avalaMbana laIne eTaluM nahIM TakI zakyuM hota, jeTaluM bhaktinA Azraye e TakI zakyuM. baMnenA samanvayanI athavA najIka AvavAnI bhUmikA paNa anya rIte nIpajI zakI na hota. paramezvaranI ananyabhAve bhakti, jJAtijAtinA bhedane bhUlavAnI vRtti, sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya mANasane mATe paNa dharmajIvana jIvavAnI taka-A vastuone bhaktimArgane lIdhe uThAva maLyo. ane navA AvelA dharmamAM pradhAnapaNe dekhAtI vastuo paNa A ja hatI. A rIte bhAratamAM AvelA IslAmano bhaktiAMdolanane vega ApavAmAM phALo jovo zakya che. sUphIonI premamArgI nirguNadhArAno eka bAju premalakSaNAbhaktine to bIjI bAju jJAnAzrayI nirguNadhArAne thoDevatte aMze Teko maLyo hoya e paNa saMbhavita che. samaya jatAM bhAratIya samanvayapratibhAnA nidarzana rUpe atratya upAsanAdhArA ane AgaMtuka IslAmI upAsanAdhArA - e baMneno gaMgAjamanI saMgama racavAnA kabIra ane nAnaka jevAnA puruSArtho paNa pragaTyA. madhyakAlIna bhaktiAMdolanano vicAra bhAratanA ItihAsanI be mahAghaTanAonA - agAunI bauddhakAlIna jAgRtinA ane yuropanA saMparkamAM mukAyA pachInI arvAcIna jAgRtinA - upalakSamAM karavA jevo che. te pratyekamAM dezanI keTalIka UMcAmAM UMcI vyaktio pAkI che, je Adarzo AgaLa dharAyA che te bhaugolika sImAthI bahu nathI, sArI mAnavajAti mATenA che. arthAt te pratyekamAM ucca mAnavI mUlyone vaphAdArI arpita thaI che. te pratyekamAM bahujanasamAjamAM bolAtI bhASAonuM navapallavana thayuM che. eka duHkhada vastu pratyekamAM jovA maLe che te e che ke jJAtijAtinA bheda bhUMsavAno prabaLa sAmAjika Avega e pratyekane aMte ThIMgarAyo che, jJAtijAtinAM cokaThAM UlaTAM vadhu taMga banyAM che. AthI to, madhyakALamAM dakSiNanA ALavAronA, mULa bharUcanA paNa pachI mahArASTramAM jaI mahAnubhAvapaMtha sthApanAra cakradharasvAmInA, karNATakanA basarvezvaranA ane saurASTramAM jUnAgaDhanA nAgara narasiMhanA aspRzyone potAnA AtmIya lekhavAnA prayatno khAsa AdarapAtra bane che. kanaiyAlAla munazIe madhyakALanA kavi akhA vize vAta karatAM akhAno jIvanasaMdeza pAralaukikatAno che, duniyAno thAka lAgyAnI e nizAnI che, gujarAtanI sAmAjika ane rAjakIya baMdhiyAra sthitithI thAkelA evA kaTu hradayamAMthI bahAra AvatA sUra madhyakALanA sAhityamAM saMbhaLAyAM kare che -evo abhiprAya vyakta karyo che. arvAcIna samayamAM ja e sUrane dabAvIne jIvananA ullAsamAM rAcatI

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narasiMha mahetA 109 navI zraddhA pragaTa thayAnuM teo sUcave che. narasiMha jevAmAM emane jIvananA ullAsanI kamI kadAca evI nahIM varatAya. emanI TIkA vizeSa to jJAnAzrayI kavio mATe saMbhave che paNa je sAmAjika rAjakIya sthitinI te vAta kare che te sArAya madhyakALanI che. ane emanuM tahomatanAmuM ekalA akhAnI ke jJAnAzrayI kavionI kavitA sAmenuM na rahetAM sArIya madhyakAlIna kavitA sAme paNa banI rahe. akhA jevAnI jJAnAzrayI kavitAdhArA paNa nirguNa bhaktimArganI nIpaja hoI madhyakALanA virATa bhaktiAMdolanano eka bhAga ja che. e bhaktiAMdolanane prajAnA tejovadhanA pariNAmarUpa lekhavuM athavA jIvananA baMdhiyArapaNAnA saMtAnarUpe jovuM e barobara thaze nahIM. jo kAMI paNa hoya to baMdhiyArapaNAne pheDavAno bhakti-AMdolanano prayatna che. tejanA hrAsanI nahIM, paNa sattva pragaTa thayAnI e nizAnI che. pAzcAtya saMskRtinA saMparkamAM mukAyA pachI anekavidha UthalapAthalo zarU thaI ane baMdhiyArapaNAne toDavA bhAratanuM hIra bahAra AvyuM. e ja rIte madhyakALamAM IslAmanA saMparkamAM mukAyA pachI je UthalapAthalo thaI tenA pariNAme khAsa karIne jaDa rUDhionA popaDAo toDavA mATeno bhaktiAMdolanano upakrama che. tejovadhano nahi paNa tejovRddhino e purAvo che. e AMdolanane vega ApavAmAM IslAmanA Agamane bhAga bhajavyo che. madhyakALamAM anekavidha paribaLone pratApe, anekavidha upAsanAosAdhanAonA saMgharSa-saMmilanane pariNAme, bhItarano saMcita 2sa upacaya pAmatopAmato bhaktinA phuvArA rUpe bhAratanA hRdayamAMthI phUTI rahe che. prajAnA jIvanamAM e eka mahAna caitanya-uchALo che. enI sarjakatA, enuM sauMdarya, je aneka ekaekathI caDhiyAtAM puruSaratno-strIratno pAkyAM temanA jIvana para najara nAkhatAM pratIta thAya che. ane temAMthI moTA bhAganAM to dharatInI sAmAnya dhULano vAraso laIne ja AvelAM che. bhaktinA pArasasparzathI emanuM jIvana palaTAyuM che. emanI vANInuM-zabdanuM, layanuM- saundarya emanI AMtara saundaryariddhinI sAkSI pUre che. bhaktimArganA prabhAva nIce dezanI vividha bhASAomAM je bhaktisAhitya pragaTyuM, temAM kaMTha bhale vividha rahyA, bhASAo bhale vividha rahI, badhAnI pAchaLanI preraNA, ane pariNAme badhAno sUra eka ja che. samagra madhyakALamAM eka ja saMskRtiAtmA pUrvamAM jayadeva, caMDIdAsa, vidyApati, uttaramAM kabIra, sUradAsa, tulasIdAsa, pazcimamAM narasiMha, mIrAM, akho ane dakSiNamAM jJAnezvara, nAmadeva, tukArAma ema aneka kaMThe gAI rahyo che. bhAratanI ujjvaLa saMtamALAmAM narasiMha harijanone apanAvavAnA enA

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110 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 vIrakarmathI virala AdhyAtmika khamIra dAkhave che ane anerA adhyAtmavIronI jamAtamAM sthAna pAme che. premabhakti bhaktisrotanA mULamAM avatAra eka AlaMbana tarIke joI zakAya che. kRSNAvatAranI caritrakathA, khAsa karIne bALakRSNanI kathA ane temAM paNa vRndAvanamAM gopIo sAthenI kRSNanI rAsalIlA, enuM saikAothI AkarSaNa hatuM, bhAgavatanA samaya sudhImAM e vazIkaraNa samAna banI jAya che. bhAgavate saMskRtamAM lIlAgAnanI paraMparAone sAMkaLI lIdhI. pUrvamAM jayadevanA 'gItagoviMdamAM e taraphanI paraMparAo abhivyakti pAmI. bhAgavatamAM rAdhAnuM nAma sarakhuM nathI, rAdhA vagara "gItagoviMda' kalpavuM zakya nathI. e saMskRta racanAnA AkarSaNamAM lokabhASAnA geya DhALono phALo mukhya che. jayadeva (I.12mI sadI) pachI baMgALAmAM caMDIdAse (I.15mI sadI) ane maithilImAM abhinava jayadeva'nuM biruda pAmelA vidyApati (I.1350-1450) e rAdhAkRSNa aMgenAM pado lakhyAM che. Ama, pUrvamAM lIlAgAnanI eka samRddha paraMparA lokabhASAomAM vikasI che. uttaramAM sUradAse zrImad vallabhAcAryanA saMparkamAM (I. 1523 AsapAsa) AvyA pachI emanA kahevAthI lIlAgAna zarU karyuM. te pahelAM pote lIlAnAM pada gAyAM lAgatAM nathI. saMbhava che emanI pUrve lIlAgAnanI kavitA racAI hoya, jenA paripAka rUpe emanI zailI vikasI hoya. dakSiNamAM cakradharasvAmI (mRtyu I.1274) nA mahAnubhAvapaMthane pAMca avatAro mAnya che temAM ekI sAthe dattAtreya ane zrIkRSNanI pUjAne sthAna che, paNa temAM lIlAgAna nathI. pachI AvatA nivRttinAtha, emanA nAnAbhAI jJAnezvara (I.12751296) ane nAmadeva (I. 1270-1350)mAM zrIkRSNanuM moTuM sthAna che, paNa temAM lIlAgAna nathI. narasiMhanA jyeSTha samakAlIna vArANasIvAsI kabIra (janma I.1399)mAM paNa nathI. pAchaLathI AvatA zrImad vallabhAcAryanI preraNA heThaLa sUradAsa Adi aSTachApa kaviomAM maLe che tevA lIlAgAnano phuvAro temanI pahelAM thaI gayelA narasiMhamAM zI rIte phUTI nIkaLyo? jayadeva, nAmadeva ane kabIrathI narasiMha paricita che. jayadevano enI racanAmAM vAraMvAra ullekha che : "e rasa jANe vrajanI re nArI, ke jedeva pIdhA re, "sAramAM sAra zaNagAra rasa kIdhalA, teha taNI jANa thaI mukha moDe. e rasa zukadeve jedeve cAkhiyo' (389). traNeno eka padamAM sAthe ullekha thayelo paNa jovA maLe che. "nAmAce hAtha teM dUdha piulA; maleccha jana mATe teM kabIrane Udharyo, nAmAcAM chAparAM

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narasiMha mahetA 111 ApyAM chAhI; je devane padamAvatI ApI" ("AtmacaritanAM kAvyo', pR 89). jayadevano ullekha che eTaluM ja nahi, "gItagoviMdathI narasiMha suparicita che. I. 1292mAM sAraMgadeva vAghelAnA anAvaDanA zilAlekhamAM "gItagoviMda'no vevInuddharate e dazAvatArastutino zloka maLe che. narasiMhanA eka gIta : -mati pRII mama, hAra ura bhUSaNa, tvamasi mama magna cita saMga Dole' (15) mAM gItagoviMda'(11-3)mAMthI zabdo utAryA che. "cAturIomAM gItagoviMdanuM spaSTa anuguMjana che. narasiMha zRMgArarasane "sAramAM sAra' lekhe che ane e rasa jayadeve cAkhiyo' ema kahe che. narasiMha upara jayadevanI chApa gADha jaNAya che. kAMI nahIM to prAraMbhanAM varasomAM potAnAM padomAM ughADA zRMgArane e AvakAre che temAM e chApa cokhkhI jaNAya che. caMDIdAsa ane vidyApatinI racanAono yAtriko dvArA narasiMhane paricaya thayo che ke kema te kahevuM muzkela che. caMDIdAsa rAdhAkRSNane kendramAM rAkhI unmatta vizuddha prematattvanAM, AtmAparamAtmAnA saMbaMdhane udAtta rIte sUcavatAM, UrmigIto Ape che. vidyApatimAM rAdhAkRSNano saMbaMdha vadhu zArIra bane che, paNa vidyApati to rahyA AzrayadAtA rAjAnA darabArI kavi, ghaDAyelA, kasabI kalAkAra. emanAM UrmigIto bhAvanI nAjukAI ane nAgaratAyukta uktibhaMgithI AkarSaka bane che. e virahadazAne,abhisArane, talasATane vadhu mahattva Ape che. narasiMhamAM eka bAju jayadeva jevI saMbhogazRMgAranI sthULatA jovA maLe che, to bIjI bAju jayadeva karatAM to vadhu bulaMdapaNe paNa mukhyatve prematattvane khIlavanArA caMDIdAsa-vidyApati karatAM paNa vadhu phuTapaNe bhaktinuM tattva pragaTa thAya che. e rIte narasiMhano lIlAlakSI premabhaktino lalakAra enA samaya sudhImAM anokho che. gujarAtamAM, rAjasthAnamAM ke vRndAvana-gokuLamAM e lIlAgAnanI pUrvavartI paraMparAo haze paNa emano sagaDa maLavo bAkI che. vRndAvanamAM kRSNa vAMsaLI vagADe che ne gopInI cetanA potAnI AsapAsano sAroya saMsAra khaMkherI nAkhIne e nAdasrotanA mULa tarapha unmattapaNe dhase che, emAM bhaktakavioe jIvAtmAnI paramAtmA pratyenI talasATabharI doDanuM rUpaka joyuM che. e AkarSaNa evuM sUkSma, IndriyAtIta che ke kAmavAsanAnA avalepothI e para rahI jAya che ane eTale ja vyavahArajagatanA parakIyAprIti Adi sAmenA vAMdhAo paNa emAM gauNa banI rahe che. gopIno samagra prANa premarUpa banI dhase che, e vAta anekAeka bhAvaparisthitiomAM pragaTa thatI kavio jue che ane gAya che. narasiMhanI pratibhA A jAtanA lIlAgAnamAM rAce che. narasiMhane gopIbhAve, sakhIbhAve bhakita karavI iSTa che. vaLI, rAdhAkRSNa

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112 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 gopIkRSNanI lIlAmAM eka pAtra tarIke karatAla vagADanAra, dUtIkArya karanAra, mazAla dharanAra (dIvaTiyA') tarIke pravezavAmAM potAne e dhanya mAne che. premabhakti navadhA bhaktithI pAranI che. bhAgavatamAM premabhaktino mArga spaSTa rIte aMkita thayo che. AjanI paribhASA pramANe premabhaktinA mArgane zRMgArarasamUlaka rahasyavAda(erotic mysticism)no mArga kahI zakAya. paramAtmA sAtheno saMbaMdha evo gUDha, gADha ane unmAdaka che ke tenI upamA saheje praNayI strI-puruSanA dehasaMbaMdha sAthe ApavA keTalAka prerAyA che. vedamAM suMdara vastro paherelI joyA pati pAse potAnuM rUpa khulluM kare che tenI upamA gAyeva patyu: 3zatI: suvAsa: (Rgvada. 1-71-4) apAI che. gItAmAM arjuna zrIkRSNanA potAnI sAthenA saMbaMdha mATe priya: priyAya- (priyatama jema priyatamA aMge) e upamA vApare che. khristI dharmamAM khuda Izue ja abhIpsa AtmAne varanI rAha jotI kumArikA sAthe sarakhAvyo che. seInTa barnArDa kahe che, paramAtmA ane AtmAnA premanI tulanA vara ane vadhUnA parasparanA prema sAthe thAya ethI vadhu saMpUrNapaNe bIjA kazA sAthe thaI zake nahIM, kAraNa ke e saMbaMdhamAM sarva kaMI e baMnenuM sahiyAruM che ane bannemAMthI koIne kazuMya AgavI mAlikInuM hotuM nathI. sUphIvAdamAM paNa praNayanI bhUmikA svIkAravAmAM AvI che. eka mArmika nivedana che : cAra AMkho maLI. be AtmAmAM pheraphAro thavA mAMDayA. have mane khabara nathI ke huM strI chuM ne te puruSa, athavA huM puruSa ne te strI. bhaktimAM bhAvAvezanI utkaTatA darzAvavA strI-puruSanA saMbaMdhanI upamA lIdhI, paNa bhaktino evo saMbaMdha kAmukatAthI askRSTa che. narasiMha pote paNa prabhuno prathama prasAda maLatAM ja puruSa-puruSAtana lIna thayuM mAharu, sakhI rUpe thayo madhya gAvA" ane dehadazA TaLI ema kahe che. narasiMhanI pachIthI AvatA zrImad vallabhAcArye A aMge be suMdara pratipAdano karyA che : mAtma vai rAdhi protA - AtmA esto rAdhA kahevAya che. ane si: mavarnatA: - jeo rasika che teo kAmarahita che. nAmadevano ullekha narasiMhe karyo che. narasiMhamAM maLatA viThThala' nAmanA upayoga ane marAThI pratyayo ane bIjAM rUpo uparathI nAmadevanI asara aMge atyuktibharI aTakaLo thaI che. viThThala' zabda narasiMha uparAMta enA bIjA samakAlInomAM paNa maLe che ane "cA"-cI' pratyaya narasiMhanI paNa eka saikA pUrve gujarAtImAM pracalita che, eTale eTalA uparathI nAmadevanI asara vize aMdAja bAMdhavAno raheto nathI. narasiMhamAM nAmadevano eka uttama bhagavadbhakta tarIke ullekha thayo che, eTaluM ja nahIM nAmadevanA caritra vize e jANakAra lAge che. bhagavAne potAne mAthe hAtha

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narasiMha mahetA 113 mUkyo e vAta nAmadeva ane narasiMha baMne kare che. baMne potAne aMge thayelA camatkAranI svamukhe vAta kare che. paNa AvI vastuo paNa A be ja nahIM, sAmAnya rIte aneka uttama bhakto aMge hovA saMbhava che. kRSNa mATe valavalATabharI prArthanA baMnenA hRdayamAMthI UThe che. prabhumaya jIvananI - adhyAtmajIvananI aneka vastuo vize uktisAmyo paNa ahIMtahIM jovA maLaze. paNa emAM bIjuM hoI zake paNa zuM? prabhAva nIce AvyA vagara paNa Ama banavuM zakya che. "viThThala mAulI, kRpecI sAvalI' (nAmadevagAthA, 471," ane "mAhare mAta tuM, bhrAta tuM, bhUdharA,' evAM anekAneka ugArasAmyo na hoya to ja navAI. keTalAMka to saMskRta ( vameva mAtA AdimAMthI darekane maLe, athavA saheje sUjhe evAM hovAnAM, "harizcaMdra rAjA hotA sattvaguNI, vAhAtase pANI DoMbAgharI' ane paMDuputranI kasoTI (2046-7) - AvI vAta ghaNAonI racanAmAM saheje Ave. saMtanAM lakSaNo lagabhaga badhA ja bhaktakavio zabdabaddha kare che. "pAhA padArA jananiye samAna, paradravya pASANa haNoni mAnI.parAkAraNe prANa vaMci jo sarvathA, jANe paravethA kaLakaLonI' (1866). - bhaktanAM sAmAnya lakSaNomAMthI thoDAMka AvAM koIkoImAM sarakhAM paNa nIkaLavAnAM. nAmadevagAthA' dhyAnapUrvaka vAMcavAthI jaNAze ke baMne bhaktakavionA avAja AgavA che. baMnenA abhigamamAM ane racanAnI ibAratamAM nijanijanI lAkSaNikatAo che. baMnene abhISTa keTalIka pAyAnI vastuo vize baMnenA uddagAro sarakhAvavA jevA che. harinA bhakta to mukti na mAge, mAge janmojanma avatAra re'-narasiMha kahe che. nAmadeve kahyuM cheH "AmhAsi muktatA nako bApA' (1511). paNa pachI sarasa rIte vAta spaSTa kare che, tuM maLyo eTale saMsAranI vyathA TaLI, paNa navI eka ciMtA jAgI. pAMDuraMga mukti ApI besaze, pachI A satsaMga kyAMthI maLaze? A amRtasaMjIvanI jevI harikathA kAne sAMbhaLavA kyAMthI maLaze? ene mATe to anaMta janma joIze. "ananta janma hoye yAci lAgI' (1573). narasiMha potAnI rIte vAta mUke che : je anya lokamAM jAya preta) tene mukti ISTa-pretane mukti to paramavallabha sadA'. paNa jene A loka choDavAno khyAla ja nathI, paNa janmojanma lIlArasa gAvo che, tene muktinI kyAM jarUra rahI ? saguNanirguNa aMge baMne jaNA potapotAnI rIte mArmika nirUpaNa kare che. nAmadeva kahe che : "nirguNa sAMDani hAve jI saguNa, aise tumhAM koNa bolivele'- nirguNa choDIne saguNa thavuM evuM tane koNe kahyuM hatuM? potAnI karaNI tuM manamAM leto nathI! sukhe baMne ekarUpa hatA. A sRSTi zuM karavA vistArI? yugayugAntara sudhI zrIharinI samIpa huM hato. tuM tyAM huM ane huM tyAM tuM 'tumhIM tethai AhIM, AhIM tethai tuhIM, paNa have to

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114 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 kalpane aMte tArI-mArI bheTa thaze - 'kalpanAce zevaTI tumhAM A hAM bheTI' (1642). narasiMha kahe che : 'huM khare, tuM kharo, huM vinA tuM nahIM, huM re haiza tAMhAM lagI tuM re haize.' mane khaDo karIne teM tArI hastI khaDI karI che. have tAruM zamavuM e mAre hAtha che : jIva zamatAM ziva saheje samAI gayo : DhaLI jAya huM dva-ha nAma doye'. jIvazivanuM dvaMddha zamavA mATe che, eno nAza che, chevaTe brahmavastu ja kAyama raheze : "tAharA mAharA nAmano nAza che, lUNane nI2 dRSTAMta jote; mahetA narasaiM kahe, vastu vicAratAM, vasturUpa thAze vastu pote.' adhyAtmajIvananA mukhya mukhya padArtho baMnee potapotAnI rIte nANyA che. nAmadeva akhaMDa sadodita prema'nI emanA eka uttama abhaMga (1552)mAM vAta kare che, chatAM temanAmAM lIlAgAna nathI. bhAgavatane anusarI kRSNanI bALalIlA temaNe varNavI che. bALaka kRSNa 2De che tene chAno rAkhavA potAne ghera laI javA rAdhAne yazodA kahe che (84). rAdhA ghe2 laI jaIne kahe che, tuM moTo hota to sAruM, kRSNa moTuM rUpa dhAraNa kare che. teo ekAMtamAM che tyAM rAdhAno vara ghera Ave che ane konI sAthe tuM vAta kare che ema rAdhAne pUche che. rAdhA kRSNane nAnA thavA vInave che. kRSNa bALarUpa dhAraNa kare che. kAvaDa mUkIne rAdhApati aMdara AvIne bALaka kRSNane dahIMbhAta jamatA jue che. (85). rAdhAne e kahe che, gharamAM tuM ekalI paDe che, kheDAvyA harI ANIta jAI'-hirane ramADavA lAvatI raheje (86),- vagere nAmadevamAM maLe che. paNa narasiMha ane sUradAsamAM che tevuM lIlAgAna temanAmAM nathI. bhAgavatane anusarI rAsapaMcAdhyAyIno prasaMga abhaMgomAM ApatAM, gopIone pAchI ghera javA kRSNa kahe che, gopIone abhimAna AvatAM pote alopa thAya che, gopIo ArdratAthI kRSNa mATe valavale che te pachI kRSNa pragaTa thAya che ane rAsakrIDA jAme che, - e badhuM nAmadeva Alekhe che (150-172). paNa nAmadeva e AkhI kathAmAM kAmane enuM sthAna batAve che. gopIo vInave che : 'kAma-rUpa daitya mArito AmDAsI, bhaktAMsI rakSisI kIrti jagI' (157)- kAmadevarUpI daitya amane mArI rahyo che, tuM bhaktonuM rakSaNa kare che evI jagatamAM tArI kIrti che. rAsakrIDAne aMte paNa nAmadeva spaSTa kare che : dhanya tyA gopikA, dhanya tyAMce puNya, bhogitA tI kRSNa pUrNabrahma. nAmA mhaNe hoya kAmAcI te pUrtI, nanhe vIryacyutI goviMdAcI. (171) gopIonA kAmanI evI rIte pUrti thaI ke jemAM kRSNane zarIrasaMbaMdhanI jarUra paDI nathI.

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narasiMha mahetA 115 mAdrityarca thatuM ma: saiva sAtha nainaM 2:BUT[ - evo chAMdogya upaniSadamAM sUryanA zubhra teja sAthe nIla ane kRSNa prakAzano je ullekha che, tenI vAta nivRttinAthe kRSNa-naLa zobhA vikAsalI' AdimAM karI che ane yogI DoLA pAhatI'--yogIo AMkha vaDe jue che, eTale unmanI avasthAmAM hRdayAkAzamAM AnaMdamaya nIlakRSNa tejanI-saguNa sAkSAtkAranI anubhUti kare che ema e kahe che. "hA puruSa kI nArI nacche to rUpasayA gopikA bhogitI kAmarUpe. nivRttIce brahma kRSNanAma meLe'-Adi bALakrIDA paranA potAnA 29 abhaMgomAM nivRttinAtha kahe che ke je puruSa athavA strI nathI, tene gopIo kAmarUpe bhogave che, nivRttinAthano parabrahma ja kRSNarUpe khelI rahyo che. gopIo te bAhya viSaya tarapha doDatI vRttio lekhAI che, ane viSayane choDI jyAre te aMtarmukha thAya che ane anAhata nAdarUpI muralIravathI kheMcAI paramAtmA tarapha vaLe che tyAre te potAnA viSayarUpI patine choDI para puruSa tarapha vaLI evuM rUpaka bhAgavate rajU karyuM che. rAsakrIDA e parabrahmarUpI kRSNa ane temanI AsapAsa pharatI iMdriyavRttionuM rUpaka lekhAya che. jJAnezvara paNa bhAgavatanA e rUpakane svIkAre che ane vrajAMganAnA kRSNaviSayaka "vAllabha'nopremano ullekha kare che, paNa kahe che ke indriyavRtti (rUpI gopIo) viSayone choDIne parabrahma svarUpa thaI jAya che (jJAnezvarI 9,463-465). zrI mo mATee darzAvyuM che ke bhAgavatakAre dazamaskaMdha (adhyAya 29-32)mAM rAsakIDAnA varNanamAM kRSNa hastasparza AliMgana Adi kAmaceSTAothI gopIono madanAgni prajvalita karIne temane ramADI evuM kahyuM ane ene anusarIne bhaktimArganA aneka saMpradAyoe e aviveka karyo ane tenuM bhAre duSpariNAma AvyuM, paNa jJAnezvare e aviveka karyo nahi, kAraNa ke mULa rUpaka e vIsaryA na hatA. kRSNa-gopInuM kAmavarjita dazAnuM rUpaka nivRttinAtha pAsethI jJAnezvarane, jJAnezvara pAsethI vinobA khecarane ane khecara pAsethI nAmadevane maLyuM hatuM. nAmadevathI - nAmadevanI racanAothI narasiMha paricita hovA chatAM premabhaktizRMgArabhaktinI mukhya bAbatamAM nAmadevathI e taddana judo paDe che, bIjA zabdomAM, nAmadevanI asarano mukhya bAbatamAM ja abhAva che. narasiMhanuM darzana juduM che. paNa jayadeva jevAonI asara nIce levAIne suratasAdhanAnAM-suratasaMgrAmanAM sthULa varNano e Ape che temAM lagAmarUpe paNa jo nAmadeva jevAnI (emanI dvArA nivRttijJAnadevanI), bhAgavata karatAM paNa vadhu pariSkRta evI, dRSTi ane varI hota to enI zRMgArabhaktinI keTalIka kavitA vAcyArthanI virUpatAomAMthI bacavA pAmata. premabhaktino mArga narasiMhe kheDI jANyo che. enI, khAsa karIne AraMbhanI,

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116 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 kavitA bhale jayadeva-raMgI hoya. ene premabhaktinI uccatara zucitara bhUmikA susAdhya che. 'hari dIThaDe, hari sarakhA thaIe ane je dina dekhuM, te dina lekhuM - evo priyatamadarzanano e mahimA kare che. "jeNe, hari, tama-zuM dhariyo neha, vizarI gayA tene sakala saneha jevAmAM premabhakti e vairAgyanI parisImAe pahoMcADanArI che ema e kahe che. nArasiyAcA svAmI e rasa UMDo, bharI levo ghaTa kAce re - ema kahI premabhakti e azArIra divya rasa hovAnuM e sUcave che. pote premabhaktinA raMgomAM kevo cakacUra che ane dehadazA bhUlavAmAM kevo dhanya dhanya thaI gayo che e enA AnaMdaunmAdanA "narasaiye raMganI relamAM dIdhI, hari tAlI lIdhI hAtha' e udgAramAM pratIta thAya che. premabhaktinuM zuddha alaukika rUpa narasiMhamAM pragaTa thatuM joI zakAya che, e sAthe ja narasiMhamAM premabhakti kavitA banatI anubhavAya che. madhyakALamAM A daya vAraMvAra jovA maLatuM nathI, narasiMhanI pahelAM to e virala che. advaitAnubhavanI aSTapadI kArakirdInA aMtabhAgamAM narasiMha advaitAnubhavanA gAna tarapha vaLe che temAM parokSa rIte nAmadevano prabhAva hoya ane saMbhava che ke jyeSTha samakAlIna kabIranI-jemaNe paNa lIlAgAna karyuM nathI temanI paNa asara hoya. - narasiMhanI bhakticaryAnA - bhaktigAnanA prAsAdanA kaLazarUpe "akhila brahmAMDamAM eka tuM zrI hari thI jAgIne jouM to jagata dIse nahIM e saheje AgaLa tarI Ave evA ATheka padonI aSTapadI Ave che. enA vagara kAMIka adhUruM lAgata. e aSTapadImAM avAja pelo zRMgAprItino ja che, eTalo ja ArTsa, eTalo ja Arta, paNa e pragalma ane prauDha banyo che. rA' maMDalikanI sabhAmAM potAne "kAmI laMpaTa tarIke khaDo karavAno prasaMga banyo emAM pote nirdoSa chUTyo, balake prabhunA lADIlA tarIke bahAra Avyo. paNa zRMgArabhaktine nAme kAmukatAne chUTo dora maLyAnA dAkhalA enA anubhavamAM nahIM ja AvyA hoya evuM na bane. kabIra jevAnI vANI tene je kAMI pahoMcI haze te nirguNa aMgenI jovA maLI haze - ane chatAM parama AkarSaka ane tRptikara lAgI haze. rA' maMDalikanuM mRtyu, dharmAntara pahelAM athavA pachI, thayA bAda narasiMha jUnAgaDhathI mAMgaroLa jaIne rahyo evI janazruti che. islAmI saMtono saMparka paNa jIvananI saMdhyAe thayo hoya. uttarAvasthAno badho saMdarbha vicAratAM narasiMhanI premabhaktinI caryAnuM pariNamana advaitAnubhavamAM thAya che e krama sahaja ane saMgata banI rahe che,

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narasiMha mahetA 117 narasiMha madhyakAlIna bhAratamAM soLe kaLAe khIlelA bhaktiyugano pratinidhi udgAtA banI rahe che. 2. narasiMhano samaya narasiMhanI kRtionI jUnAmAM jUnI hastaprato I.sa.17mA saikAnA AraMbhanI maLe che. kezavarAma zAstrIe "narasai mahetAnAM padamAM AraMbhamAM 15 pado gujarAta vidyAsabhAnI saM. 166 8 (I.16 12) jeTalI jUnI hastapratamAMthI ApyAM che te jUnAmAM jUnI che. 'hArasamenAM sAta pado gujarAta vidyAsabhAnI saM. 16 75 (I. 16 19) jeTalI jUnI hastapratamAMthI maLe che. narasiMha upara anya kavioe kAvyaracanA karI che. viSNudAsa (kavanakALa I. 156 8 thI 16 12): kuMvarabAInuM mosALuM' lakhe che. mIrAMbAIe "narasiMhakA mAhyarA" lakhyAnuM kahevAya che. mIrAM vrajamAM jIva gosvAmIne maLI hatI. jIva gosvAmI I. 1533mAM gujarI gayA,' te pahelAM mIrAM hayAta hovI joIe. eTale ke narasiMha I. 1533 pUrve hayAta hoya. narasiMhanA samayanI A uttaramaryAdA. uparanI saM. 1668nI pratamAMthI maLelA bAramA padamAM ke rasa jANe vrajanI re nArI ke jedeve pIdho re' e paMktimAM jayadevano ullekha Ave che, ane upara joI gayA tema pada 15mA mAM vamasi gRAra mama hAra ura bhUSaNA, tvamasi mama magna cita saMga Dole e paMktimAM jayadevakRta gItagoviMda (11-3) nA zabdo maLe che. jayadevano samaya bAramI sadIno lekhAya che. bArathI soLa vaccenA saikAomAM narasiMhano nizcita samaya kayo? eka ja AdhAra maLe che. "hAramALAmAM narasiMhane kaMThe kRSNa bhagavAne potAno hAra paherAvyAnA prasaMganI tithino ullekha che : "saMvata panara bArotara sapatamI ane somavAra re, vaizAkha ajuAli-pakhe narasini Apyo hAra re..17 eTale ke e prasaMga saM. 151ranA vaizAkha sudi 7ne somavAra (tA.12-7-1456) nA divase banyo. gaNitanI dRSTie tithi ane vAra te varSamAM te divase meLamAM che. 'hAramALA'nA kartutva aMge vicAravAnuM rahe che. upara tithino ullekha jemAMthI utAryo che te prata pacAza pada nirmala" 1nI mAlA) Ape che, to bIjI keTalIka pAMsaTha padanI mAlA', to koIka 'pada aThotaranI mAlA" Ape che. 19 saM. 176 2mAM nakala thayelI 90 padavALI hastaprata paNa maLe che.20 78 pada ApatI hastapratano

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118 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 krama sAcavatI paNa 66mA pade tUTatI, tanasukharAma mahetAvALI hastapratanI nakala utAryAno samaya saM. 1731-33 vacceno che.21 eTale ke lagabhaga saM. 1731 sudhImAM 'hAramALA 78 padanI ane saM.1762 sudhImAM 90 padanI thaI cUkI hatI. pada 10- jayyarniM jihavA vimala nAma rAghava taNuM'-racanAra tarIke 'bhIma'nA ullekha sAthenuM che te thoDAka pAThabhedathI paNa kartA tarIke bhIma'no ullekha karatuM bhImanA 'prabodhaprakAza'nI saM. 1575 jeTalI jUnI pratamAM chUTaka maLe che. 'hAramALA'nAM saMvardhita saMkalana lagabhaga I. soLamA saikAnA prathama caraNamAM thavA mAMDyAM hoya. 23 kanaiyAlAla munazIe 'hAramALA'nI saM. 1797nI hastapratamAMthI saMvata 1572 varSe mahA suda 7 somavAra' e utAro ApI bArotaro'ne badale 'bAhotaro' pATha sUcavI, bIjI ja eka pratanAM tithivAra ('bAhotaro mAgazara sudi-7 somavAra') svIkArI gaNitadRSTie e sAcAM che, ema kahyuM che, paNa saM. 1572nA mAgazara sudi 7me gaNitadRSTie maMgaLavAra hovo joIe. Ama, saM. 1572nI saMbhAvanAne puSTi maLatI nathI. saM.1512 ApanArI pratomAMthI traNa prato mAgazara suda7 ravivAra' Ape che te paNa gaNitadRSTie meLamAM che.4 A rIte hArano prasaMga gaNitadRSTie saM. 1512 nA mAgazara sudi-7 ravivAra (tA.16-11-1455) athavA to vaizAkha suda -7 somavAra (12-4-1456) e bemAMthI game te eka divase banavo zakya che. agAunI tithine hAramALAmAMnA eka padanI 'arUNa udayo ne haraNalI AthamI tohe suMna karuNA na Ave re' e paMkitamAMnA mRgazIrSanakSatranA AthamavAnI sthitinA ullekhano Teko che.5 tithinA ullekhavALA padanA kartRtva vize khAtarI na hovA chatAM ane tithio judI judI apAI hovA chatAM gaNitadRSTie saM. 1512mAM meLamAM AvatI be tithio dhyAnapAtra Thare che, khAsa karIne mAgazaramAsanI tithi. narasiMhane potAne hAthe athavA jANakAra evA bIjA koIne hAthe hAprasaMganI tithi sacavAI hoya. saM.1512nA varSanA pakSamAM eka vadhu hakIkata paNa noMdhavA jevI che. saM.1675nI hastapratamAM 'maMDalika' rAjAnA nAmollekhavALAM pado che. maMDalika pAMcamAno samaya saM. 1488-1520 che. Ama narasiMha saM. 1512 (I.1455-56)mAM hayAta hovAnI saMbhAvanA vicAravA jevI Thare che. narasiMhano AyuSyakALa IsvIsana paMdaramA saikAnA aMta pahelAM pUro thayo hoya. nakArAtmaka purAvAono bahu artha nahIM tema chatAM narasiMha jevA parama vaiSNavanA kavanamAM puSTimArganA praNetA zrImad vallabhAcArya (I.1478-1530) nA prabhAvanAM cihno jovA maLe nahIM to e vastu noMdhapAtra jarU2 bane che. zrImad

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narasiMha mahetA 119 vallabhAcAryano e samakAlIna na hoya eTale ke soLamAM saikAnA AraMbhamAM e vidyamAna na hoya e saMbhavita che. narasiMhanA samaya vize munazInI pUrve AnaMdazaMkara dhruve UhApoha karyo hato. AnaMdazaMkare narasiMhanA 'suratasaMgrAma'mAM rAdhAnI sakhIo caMdrAvalI, vizAkhA ane lalitAnAM nAma Ave che te jayadevanA gItagoviMda'mAM nathI to narasiMhamAM kyAMthI AvyAM e prazna Ubho karyo ane caitanyanA ziSya rUpa gosvAmInA saMskRta graMtha 'ujvalanIlamaNi'mAMthI e nAmo maLyAM hoya ema sUcavyuM. rUpa gosvAmI I. 1488 pachI thayA, rAdhAnI sakhIonAM nAma bhaviSyottara Adi purANamAMthI maLI zakyAM hoya, paNa AnaMdazaMkara kahe che, narasiMha mahetAnI Aja sudhI manAtI tArIkhamAM thoDAMka varSano pheraphAra karavo ucita che, kAraNa ke bhaviSyottarapurANanA eka khUNAmAMthI narasiMha mahetAne e nAma maLyAM hoya - je nAma te vakhata sudhInA bIjA koIpaNa prasiddha sAhityagraMthamAM UtarelAM nathI ema mAnavA karatAM emanA samayamAM caitanyasaMpradAye e nAma prasiddhimAM ANyAM hatAM ane tyAMthI emane e maLyAM ema mAnavuM vadhAre yogya che.'28 'suratasaMgrAma' tema ja 'goviMdagamana' 'prAcIna kAvyamALAmAM nakalanI nakala uparathI chapAyAM che, hastaprata koIne jovA maLI nathI. 'suratasaMgrAma'nA bhASAprayogo premAnaMdanI zaMkAspada kRtionA prayogonI yAda Ape che. e be kRtio narasiMhanI hovA vize zaMkA che. narasiMhanI 'cAturIo'mAM rAdhAnI sakhI tarIke mAtra 'lalitA'nuM nAma che. gujarAtamAM caitanya (IM.1485-1533)nA saMpradAyanI asara pUrve gopAMganAonAM nAma pracAramAM che. I.1520mAM 'bhramaragItA'no kavi caturbhuja 'candrAUlI' nAma Ape che. purANonI jANakArI gujarAtImAM jaina lekhakomAM paNa jovA maLe che. bhaviSyottarapurANa AdinI asara nIce gopIonAM nAma gujarAtamAM pracAramAM hoya ema mAnavAmAM harakata nathI, evo kezavarAma zAstrIno abhiprAya yogya lAge che.29 AnaMdazaMkara paNa kahe ja che ke Aja sudhI manAtI AvelI tArIkha acaLa mAluma paDe to caitanyane badale bhaviSyottara purANanI kalpanA karIne nirvAha karavAmAM bAdha nathI. 30 narasiMharAve vadhumAM narasiMhamAM AvatA 'viThThala' zabda tarapha ane marAThI haiM, cI vagere pratyaya tarapha dhyAna kheMcyuM che.31 'viThThala' zabda bhIma, mAMDaNa, bhAlaNa, kezavadAsa e badhA kaviomAM maLe che. ane vA. ii pratyaya cheka I. 1304 AsapAsanA pethaDarAsa'mAM ('tamhacI pAya e kamala bhara...') jovA maLe che, 'viThThala' zabda ke vA. nI pratyayone kAraNe narasiMhano samaya khaseDavAno koI prazna ja nathI.

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120 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa-1 I.1455mAM narasiMhanI upara rAjAnA darabAramAM cAritra vize ALa caDAvavAmAM AvyuM tyAre enI patnI ane putra avasAna pAmelAM che ane mAmerAno prasaMga nIpaTI cUkelo che e jotAM, ane anya saMpradAyavALAoe enI jAmelI pratiSThA toDavA A kAraso racyo hoya ema mAnIe to enI umara pacAsa lagabhaga hoya. te pachI mAMgaroLamAM e jaIne rahyAnuM kahevAya che. ekabe dasakA tyAM kADhyA hoya ema bane. e samaya daramyAna jJAnanAM prabhAtiyAM' racAyAM hoya. bahArasamenAM padanA jhUlaNAnAM laya ane kavitva ane prabhAtiyAM'nAM laya ane kavitva vacce thoDIka vikAsayAtrA jarUra che. kavinI racanAsRSTinA AMtara purAvA uparathI kareluM A anumAna ThIka hoya to sadInA trIjA caraNanA moTA bhAgamAM kavi vidyamAna hoya. Ama, narasiMhano AyuSyakALa I. 1408 thI I. 1475no aMdAjI zakAya. IcchArAma desAI narasiMhano janma maNizaMkara jaTAzaMkara kIkANI jevA jANakArone pUchIne saM.1469-71 (I.1413-15) daramyAna thayAnuM noMdhe che. ane mRtyu 66 varSanI vaye (I. 148082 daramyAna) thayAnuM kahe che. kezavarAma zAstrI janma 1410-11mAM thayAnuM sUcave che.24 kavinA samaya aMge kAMIka nizcita jevI eka mAtra vIgata hoya to te I.1455nA hAprasaMganI che. ane te uparAMta enA jIvananA keTalAka mukhya prasaMgo keTakeTalAM varasane AMtare banyA te aMge kRtiomAMthI maLatI mAhitI che. hAprasaMga vakhate enI uMmara keTalI hatI teno aMdAja bAMdhavA upara janma ane bIjA prasaMgonA varasano aMdAja paNa AdhAra rAkhaze. munazI Adi je kAraNosara narasiMhano samaya ardhIka sadI jeTalo pAchaLa lAvavA mAgatA hatA te sabaLa puravAra thayAM nathI te joyA pachI, I.1455nI samayakhIMTIne vaLagI rahetAM narasiMhano samaya saM. 1470 (I.1414) AsapAsa janmavarSa ane saM. 1536 (I.1480) AsapAsa mRtyu varSa e rIte mAnavAno rahe. janmavarSa I.1408 levA pAchaLa enA jIvananA mahattvanA che te prasaMge enI keTalI uMmara hoya e aMge zo aMdAja che ane te kevA anumAnanA AdhAre te TUMkamAM joIe. gRhatyAga, tapasyA ane jIvanaparivartanano prasaMga narasiMhanI kAcI uMmare banyo hoya ema mAnavuM ThIka nathI. bhAbhI nAnA chokarAne maheNuM mAre enA karatAM moTI uMmaranA, paraNelA, bALakavALA ane khAsa kAMI na kamAtA juvAna AgaLa aNagamo pradarzita karI bese e vadhu saMbhavita che. hiMdu samAjamAM, khAsa karIne madhyakALamAM, saMyukata kuTuMba-vyavasthA pracalita hatI. mANase saMsAra mAMDyo hoya, ane bharaNapoSaNa

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narasiMha mahetA 121 aMge e javAbadArI uThAvato na hoya to e samAjadRSTie paNa ThapakAne pAtra Thare. narasiMhanuM lagna soLeka varasanI uMmare thayuM hoya, vIsekanI uMmare putra janmyo hoya, bAvIsekanI uMmare bhAbhInA maheNAno prasaMga banyo hoya. jIvananuM AmUla parivartana karI detI adhyAtma-anubhUti vize kahetAM narasiMha noMdhe che: "puruSa puruSAtanA lIna thayuM mAharUM, sakhI-rUpe thayo madhya gAvA; dehadazA TaLI...' evA anumAnane avakAza rahe che ke narasiMhanuM saMsArI jIvana e pachI pUruM thAya che. e vakhate putra be varasano hoya ane putrI janmavAnI hoya. "vivAhamAM e vakhatanI paristhiti varNavatAM kahe che, "eka che putra ne eka putrI thaI. mANasa pariNIta hoya, ene eka putra hoya, patnIne bIjuM bALaka avataravAnuM hoya (ane have suvAvaDanI vyavasthA ene piyara nahIM paNa sAsare ja karavAnI hoya) tevA saMjogomAM, khAsa karIne e javAbadArI barobara uThAvato na hoya to bhAbhI maheNuM ApI beseya te. to. narasiMhanI bAvIsekanI uMmare adhyAtma-anubhava ane kuMvarabAIno janma, ane putranuM lagna bAra varasanI uMmare thayuM hatuM eTale e prasaMga banyo hoya kavinI batrIsekanI umare. mAmerAno prasaMga kuMvarabAInI sattarekanI uMmare eTale ke kavinI ogaNacAlIsekanI uMmare Avyo hoya. patnI ane putra te pahelAM avasAna pAmyAM che. te pachI, hAramALAno prasaMga banyo che. kavinI prauDha umare eTale ke I. 1455mAM narasiMha suDatALIsano hoya. putranA vivAha aMge vaizAkha suda dina zubha che. paMcamI vAra gurue niradhAra kIdhuM ema kavi noMdhe che te parathI kezavarAma zAstrI gaNitadaSTie saM. 1496 (tArIkha 7-4-1440) nI sAla besatI Ave che. 5 ema kahe che te barobara hoya to (uparanA aMdAjamAM putravivAha vakhate kavinI uMmara batrIseka varasanI sUcavI che te jotAM) enA janmanuM varasa I. 1408 Thare che, e joI zakAze. 3. kRtio narasiMhanI jUnAmAM jUnI hastaprata, upara joyuM tema, I.16 12nI maLe che. lokapriya evA saMtakoTinA kavinI racanAo lokajIbhe sacavAya ane hastaprato tenA samayanI to ThIka paNa enA jIvanakALa pachInA saikAnI paNa maLe nahIM, tyAre e racanAomAM tenI potAnI keTalI ane enuM nAma dhAraNa karIne lakhanAra bIjAonI keTalI e prazna vicAravAno rahe. dA.ta. vidyApatine nAme ane nAmadevane nAme bIjAoe lakhelI kRtio caDhelI che. nAmadeva narasiMhathI ardhI sadI jeTalA vahelA thaI gayA, chatAM

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122 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 koI nAmadhArI nAmadeve 'nAmA haNe dhanya narasI mahetA' karIne hUMDIno prasaMga gAyo che! narasiMhanI gaNAtI tamAma racanAo aMge Aja sudhI maLatI hastaprato sAme rAkhIne, kartRtvano prazna pUrepUro tapAsavAno hajI bAkI che. IcchArAma sUryarAma desAIe bhegI karelI ane temanA mRtyu pachI temanA putra maNilAla desAIe I.1913mAM 'narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha'-e graMtharUpe pragaTa karelI narasiMhanI kRtio che H 1. hAramALA, 2. goviMdagamana, 3. sAmaLadAsano vivAha, 4. suratasaMgrAma, 5. cAturIchatrIzI, 6. cAturISoDazI, 7. dANalIlA, 8. sudAmA-caritra, 9. rAsasahasrapadI, 10. vasaMtanAM pada, 11. zRMgAramALA, 12. zrIkRSNajanma-samAnAM pada, 13. zrIkRSNajanmavadhAInAM pada, 14.hIMDoLAnAM pada, 15. bALalIlA ane 16. bhaktijJAnanAM pado. prAcIna kAvyamALAmAM goviMdagamana'nuM ane 'suratasaMgrAma'nuM prakAzana thayuM tenA saMjogonuM ane emAMnA keTalAka bhASAprayoganuM paNa premAnaMdanI zaMkAspada kRtionA prakAzananA saMjogo sAthe ane temAMnA bhASAprayogo sAthe sAmya jaNAtAM te be racanAo narasiMhanI lekhavAmAM AvatI nathI. narasiMhanI bAnIno sparzasarakho A be racanAomAM nathI. 'bhaktijJAnanAM pado'nA, 'sudAmAcaritra'nA ane anya jhUlaNA ane A be kRtionA jhUlaNA sarakhAvavAmAM Avaze to A kRtionA AMtaraprAsanA ThAlA khakhaDATa ane rasanAM sUkavaNAM koI kRtaka-narasiMhanI e baMne kRtio hovAnI pratIti karAvaze. IcchArAma sU. desAI pachI atyAra sudhI pragaTa thayelA narasiMhanA sAhityamAM narasiMhanA AjIvana abhyAsI kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI saMpAdita (1) narasaiM mahetAnAM pada (208 navAM pado sAthe) 1965, (2) narasiMha mahetAkRta AtmacaritanAM kAvyo (jhArI, vivAha, mAmeruM, hUMDI, hAra)-1969, ane emanA mArgadarzana nIce ku. caitanyabALA jayendrabhAI diveTiyA saMpAdita (3) narasiMha mahetA kRta cAturI -1949- e hastapratone AdhAre taiyAra karelI vAcanAo che, sivAya ke 'jhArI'nAM cAra pado, je kezavarAma zAstrIe IcchArAma sU. desAI saMpAdita 'narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha'mAMthI ApyAM che. narasiMhanA kRtisamUhane nIcenA vibhAgomAM vigate avalokIe : (1) AtmakathAnAtmaka kRtio putrano vivAha, mAmeruM, hUMDI, hA2samenAM pada, jhArInAM pada, hirajanone apanAvyAnAM pada; -

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narasiMha mahetA 123 (2) anya AkhyAnakalpa kRtio - cAturIo, sudAmAcaritra, dANalIlA; (3) kRSNaprItinAM UrmigIto - zRMgAraprItinAM UrmigIto, vAtsalyaprItinAM UrmigIto; (4) bhaktijJAnanAM Urmiko. 1. AtmakathanAtmaka kRtio A kRtisamUha avalokatAM narasiMhanA jIvanano tema ja enI kavanazaktino keTaloka aMdAja maLI rahe che. narasiMhano janma saurASTramAM taLAjAmAM thayo hato. taLAjA pAsenA jaMgalamAM apUja zivaliMga pUjatAM ene AdhyAtmika anubhava thayo. pachIthI e jUnAgaDha jaIne vase che. aMtakALa mAMgaroLamAM vItAvyAnI janazruti che. narasiMhanA mahattvanA jIvanaprasaMgo vize pAchaLathI mIrAM, viSNudAsa, vizvanAtha jAnI, premAnaMda, dayArAma Adi aneka kavioe kAvyaracanAo karI che. nAbhAjInI bhaktamAlamAM enuM caritra maLe che. marAThImAM paNa narasiMhanI jIvanaghaTanAnA ullekha che. paNa e badhAM bayAnonA mULamAM narasiMhanI potAnI ja cha AtmakathanAtmaka kRtio che. temAM kAMIka vistRta evAM cAra AkhyAnako che : 1. putrano vivAha, 2. putrInuM mAmeruM, 3. hUMDI, 4. hArasamenAM pada." te uparAMta chUTaka 5. prabhu pote pANI pAvA jhArI laIne mohinIrUpe AvyAnA prasaMganAM cAra pada ane 6. pote harijanonuM nimaMtraNa svIkAryAnAM be pada che. sAcuM ke svapna - chamAMthI pAMca kRtiomAM saMkaTaprasaMge bhagavAne svayaM madada karyAnuM varNana narasiMhe karyuM che. paNa e badhA pAchaLa je mukhya ghaTanA che te che juvAnImAM ja enA jIvanamAM AmUla parivartana thayA aMgenI. mAmeruMnA AraMbhamAM janmasthaLano ullekha karI narasiMha e ghaTanAnuM mULa nirdeze che : gAma taLAjAmAM janma mAro thayo, bhAbhIe "mUrkha kahI maheNuM dIdhuM. vacana vAgye, eka apUja zivaliMganuM vana mAMhe jaI pUjana kIdhuM. putrano vivAhamAM e Akho prasaMga vIgate AlekhAyo che : maramavacana kahyAM huMne bhAbhIe te mAharA prANamAM rahyA vadhUMdhI; ziva AgaLa jaI eka-mano thaI dhyAna kIdhuM divasa rAta sudhI. zive prasanna thaI vara mAgavA kahyuM :

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124 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 gadagada kaMThe huM bolI zakuM nahIM, mastake kara dharyo mugadha jANI. aceta cetana thayo, bhavataNo agha gayo, sUtI UThI mArI Adya vANI. tamane je vallabha, hoya kaMI sullabha, Apo, prabhujI, hune dayA re ANI.' narasiMha bIjA padamAM kahe che : gopanAthe huMne abhepada ApiyuM. ...jo jo, bhAIo, mAruM bhAgya moTuM- kIDI hatI te kuMjara thaI UThiyo. pUraNa brahma zuM dhyAna coMTyuM. ziva potAne hAtha jhAlIne kanakanI bhoma vidramanA thAMbhalAvALI mugatipurImAM 'rAjarAjezvara kRSNa beThA che tyAM laI jaIne soMpaNI kare che. bhakta mAro mRtalokathI Aviyo, karone kripA ene dIna jANI. mugatipurI-dvArakA e mRtyulokanI nathI. narasiMha kahe che : te ja veLA hari mujane kirapA karI, hastakamala mAre zIza cAMpyo. trIjA padamAM kahe che ke ziva jAya che, paNa narasiMhane dvArakAmAM rAkhe che. kRSNa ene riddhi, siddhi, dvArakA-kailAsavAsa je joIe te mAgavA kahe che. narasiMha mAge che : ridhisidhirAjyano khapa nathI mAhare, eka anaMta tArI bhakti jAcuM... kaSTa paDe tihAM sAhya thAjo to, gAuM jaza tAharA madhurI vANI. vaLI mAgyuM ke vRMdAvananA rAsamaMDaLanI 'akhaMDalIlA mAre nayaNe nIrakhuM.' hasiyA kamaLApati, dhanya tArI rati, premanI bhakti narasaine ApI. cothA padamAM zaradapUnama AvI ane rAsa jAmyo tenI vAta che : "narasiMhe tihAM karatALa sAhyo." puruSapuruSAtana lIna thayuM mAharuM, sakhIrUpe thayo madhya gAvA dehadazA TaLI, mAMhe rahyo bhaLI, dUtI hai mAninIne manAvA. pAMcamA padamAM kahe che ke pachI to dvArakAmAM mAsa vItI gayo'. narasiMhe prArthanA karI : je rasathI anubhavyo, gAu te nitanavo, pragaTa bhUtaLe karuM aMtarajAmI..

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narasiMha mahetA . 125 huM ane tuM vize bheda nahIM, nAgarA, zrImukhe kahuM re guNaDA re tArA. je rasa gUjha brahmAdika nava lahe, te pragaTa gAje; tuMne vacana dIdhuM. nizce rAkhI nirabhe thaI mANaje.'- dAsanuM ati sanamAna kIdhuM. 'mAsa ne traNa tihAM' vItI gayA. chaThThA padamAM kahe che ke vidAya pUrve rumiNIe snehabhAva rAkhajo ema kahI potAne mRtyuloka jovAnI hoMza hoI putranA lagnamAM teDavA mATe khAnagImAM kahyuM. pALajo, mAtAjI, vacana'- ema narasiMhe emane bAMdhyAM ane emano nizcaya joI yAdadAsta mATe potAnA vastra gAMTha bAMdhI'. narasiMha have zIza namAvIne tihAM thakI nIsaryo, pUraNabrahma zuM prIta sAMdhI... puSpa ApyuM huMne nAtha lakSmI taNe, sAcuM ke svapna meM draSTa dIThuM. lakSa savA kIrtana taNo nIma karI, narasi~yAne mana lAgyuM mIThuM. A ghaTanAne pariNAme kavi kahe che tema sUtI UThI mArI Adya vANI'. savAlAkha bhaktipado gAvAno e saMkalpa kare che. narasiMhanuM AkhuM jIvana palaTI nAkhe evo A banAva hato. kavio, kalAkAro, jIvanavIronI bAbatamAM AkhuM astitva palaTAvI nAkhanAra koI ne koI banAva kyAreka jovA maLato hoya che. narasiMha potAnuM svarUpAntara karanAra banAva nirUpatAM umere che ke e sAco hoya ke svapnavat hoya, paNa potAne lakSmInAthe hAthohAtha puSpa ApyuM vagere badhuM pote to pratyakSa anubhavyuM che ane ene potAne mATe to e vAstavika ghaTanA che, pote Akho palaTAI gayo che e enI sAbitI che. 'cAturIo'(9)mAM rAdhAkRSNanA kAmavilAsano pote sAkSI bane che, pote bhAminIomAM bhaLI jaI "mahArasa"mAM jhIle che, prabhunuM soMpyuM dUtIkArya kare che . e badhI kRpA pArvatInA nAthe karI, temaNe divyacakSu ApyAM mujane, mastaka melyo hAtha', e vigato TUMkamAM eNe nirUpI che. 'putrano vivAha'nA sAtamA padamAM narasiMha navA avatAre ene zobhe e rIte bhAbhIno ane jananIjanakano ahesAna mAne che. dhanya bhAbhI tamyo, dhanya mAtApitA, zaTha jANI huMne dayA re kIdhI. tamArI kripA thakI harihara bheTiyA, kRSNajIe mArI sUdha lIdhI. sAcuM hoya ke svapna hoya ke divyacakSuno pratApa hoya - have narasaiMyo bhagavAnanA raMge raMgAI cUkyo che. bhAbhIe diya2 52Nelo che, pitA che ane vyavahAra saMbhALato nathI, eTale AvezamAM ene 'mUrkha' kahI dIdho haze. paNa e mUrkhatA' pAchaLa be vastuo bIja

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126 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa. 1 dazAmAM hovI joIe. eka to tIvra kalpanAzakti ane bIjI te saMsAra pratye virakti sAthe bhagavAna pratye anurAga. vananA ekAntamAM ekAgra sAdhanAmAM e bIjanA aMkura phUlyAphAlyA, tyAM sudhImAM maLelA-saMcita thayelA saMskAroe eka AkAra dhAraNa karyo. saMbhava che ke koI jaMgama vidyApITha jevA AgaLa vadhelA vaDerA sAdhakanuM mArgadarzana paNa ene maLyuM hoya. ekAgra sAdhanA sAta divasanI che paNa pachI eka athavA to traNa mahinA sudhI e vistare che. brAhmaNo zivanA upAsaka. narasiMha enA samayamAM bhAratane pariplAvita karanAra kRSNabhaktinA pUramAM taNAya che, paNa te svayaM zivano doryo, zivano soMpyo zrI kRSNacaraNe Tharyo che, e vastune sAcuM ke svapna' e prasaMganA AlekhanamAM uThAva maLyo che. rAmanuM zaraNuM zodhanAra bhaktakavio paNa zivane rAma ISTa che e darzAvavA khAsa kALajI sevatA jaNAya che. (juo 'rAmacaritamAnasamAM bAlakAMDano AraMbha.) hariharanA ekatvanA bhAvane madhya kALamAM khAsa uThAva maLyo che, dA.ta."nAmA-haNe zivaviSNu mUrti eka (nAmadevagAthA 1796). narasiMhane koI saMnyAsI, viSNu(kRSNa)no paNa bhakta hoya evo saMnyAsI mArgadarzaka maLyo haze ? game tema paNa kRSNabhakti narasiMhanA samaya sudhImAM je rIte vikasI che teno saMsparza enI cetanAe parivartanakSaNe pUrepUro anubhavyo che. khAsa karIne pUrva bhAratamAM khIlelI gopIbhAvathI bhakti karavAnI praNAlI enI upara prabhAva pADI gaI che. pote premabhakti pAmyo eTale puruSabhAva choDyo, "sakhIrUpe thayo." dakSiNanAmahArASTranA nAmadeva sakhIbhAvathI bhakti karanArA nathI paNa temanAthI narasiMha paricita che. prabhue mAthe hAtha mUkyo ane vizvapitAe potAne lIlA gAvAnuM kahyuM e jAtanI pratItinA udgAro nAmadevamAM paNa maLe che. HthA ni hIta vonne vizvana go vIpa | vIra pratApa nAmavA (20) bhaktakaviomAM AvI pratIti kadAca sAmAnya hoya. A AkhI anubhUti mAnasalokanI che. dvArakA pRthvI paranuM nagara nathI. 'dvArakAkailAsa' sAthe ullekhAyAM che. rakamiNI "prataloka' jovAnI hoMsa batAve che. aMte mUharata ekamAM bhUtaLe Aviyo' e varNanathI spaSTa thAya che ke AMtapratItinI e vAta karI rahyo che. tema chatAM taLAjAthI eka (ke traNa) mAsa e dUra rahyo - te daramiyAna bhUtaLa paranA dvArakAmaMdire gayo paNa hoya. pUrva bhAratanA vaiSNava bhakto * Aje paNa dvArakAmAM jovA maLe che. dvArakAmAM ke saurASTramAM bIje koI sthaLe yAtrApathamAM pUrvabhAratanA bhakta yAtriko pAsethI jayadeva, caMDIdAsa, vidyApatinI kRtiono paricaya narasiMhane thavA pAmyo hoya. nAmadeva abhaMgomAM dvArakA Adi gujarAtanAM tIrthomAM pote pharyAnuM lakhe che. mahArASTranA yAtrikabhaktonA saMparkamAM paNa

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narasiMha mahetA 127 narasiMha Avyo lAge che. eka muhUrtamAM e bhUtaLe Avyo, tyAM "bhAbhI AvyAM che narasiMyo jANI." bhAbhI have maLe che te pote jene maheNuM dIdheluM te mUrkhane nahIM paNa e vakhatanA bhAratamAM bhaktinuM je pracaMDa AMdolana dezane cArekhUNe gAjatuM hatuM tenA eka mukhya mAdhyamane. cetanAparivartana-"aceta cetana thayo' te-nuM A varNana thoDAM varaso bAda putranA vivAha pachI kareluM che. paNa emAM kavinI AdyavANI jAgrata thayAnI eMdhANIo maLe che. "maramavacana.. prANamAM rahyAM vaLaMdhI', "kIDI huto te kuMjara thaI UThiyo', vikmanA thAMbhalA', "rAjarAjezvara kRSNa beThA AdimAM pratyakSIkaraNanI zakti dIpI UThe che. madhurI vANImAM ene prabhunuM kIrtana karavuM che. vANInuM mAdhurya ene bharapaTTa maLyuM che. "lakSa savA' kIrtano gAyAM haze kadAca, paNa racanAo kAgaLa upara UtarelI ke lokakaMThe sacavAyelI eTalI badhI maLI nathI. 1. putrano vivAha - uparanI kendriya anubhUtinA upaprameya rUpe kavicaritranA bIjA adhyAyo emAMthI vahI Ave che. harirasa gAvA ne je maLe khAvA" tethI saMtoSa mAnatA kavinI mANekabAI nAme dArA ghaNuM suMdarI sAdhavI che. eka che putra ne eka putrI thaI temanAM nAma zAmaLa ane kuMvarabAI che. cetanAmAM parivartana thayuM te kSaNe puruSapuruSAtana lIna thaI gayuM, sakhI bhAva jAgyo, 'dehadazA TaLI', e jotAM narasiMhanuM gRhasaMsAranuM jIvana bAvIseka varSanI vaye saMkelAI gayuM mAnI zakAya. e pahelAMnAM be bALako che. "mAmeruM' (kaDavuM 2) mAM have pachInI kavinI caryAnuM varNana che : . nitya kIrtana kare, tALa karamAM dhare, dezamAM dAsanI vAta vAgI, gAmagAme thakI harijana AvatA, darzana karavAne lhAra lAgI. bhAI bhojAI cakaLAIne ema kahe : have tamo ama thakI dUra rahIe. mahetAjI tihAM pache kahe che nija nArane : nagara jUnAgaDhamAMhe jaIe. hUMDI' (1) mAM varNavyA pramANenAM "nIcAM maMdira ne nipaTa jUnAM ghaNAMmAM pote rahe che ane eka udyama kare saMtasevA". zAmaLa bAra varasano thatAM patnI vivAhanI ciMtA karavA lAgI. vaDanagaranA madana mahetAe mokalelA gorane jUnAgaDhamAM koI nAgaraputra manamAM vasyo nahIM tyAre nAgaroe majAkamAM ene mahetAnuM ghara cIMdhyuM. gore saMbaMdha nakkI karyo. madananI patnI e samAcAre behoza thaI. paNa madana ane hiMmata Ape che. vivAhanI tithi nakkI thaI. narasiMha prabhune valavale che : pelA sAcA svapnamAM to "pariyaMka upara huMne hete poDhADiyo, vIMjhaNo laI karatA re sevA'.

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128 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa-1 have "raka jANI tamo lAjo cho AvatAM?" tava hari dhAI svadhAmathI UThiyA, "dAruka dAruka" vadatA vANI; "cAla caturA', caturbhuja mukhethI bhaNe, "duHkha dhare dAsa, mane dohyaluM ANI..." aMtarikhamArage paLa mAMhe AviyA, ratha taNI garajanA zravaNe jANI. avara bIjo koI jAnamAM nava lahe narasiyo nIrakhe zrI cakrapANi.(27) narasiMha camatkAranA tattvane A rIte haLavuM kare che. gAjatA rathamAM AvatA caturbhujane AkhI jAnamAM pote ja ekalo jue che : "durijanAM loka te nava lahe vAratA, ADa aMtarAyanAM bAMdhyAM karma'. jAnanuM varNana tAdaza che : traNaseM trIsa revaMta tihAM pAkhaya. vIsa tokhAranA ratha re joyA. nIlApILA vaLI lAla kasuMbiyA ekabIjA para jAya doDyA. ghUgharA ghamaghame TekarA TamaTame, ramajhama ghamaghama zabda UThe. (28). madana maheto dhAI caraNe namyo, vahevAI mana gamyo, narasiMyo dITho narasiMgasarakho." rUDI rIte lagna pAra paDyAM. kanyAne svasti bhaNAvatAM narasiyo caturbhuja dITho saue'. narasiMhe huM ane tuM vize bheda nahIM, nAgarA' anubhavyuM hatuM temAM e to satata cakacUra che. bhagavAnanuM sAnidhya ane sAyujaya e anubhavI rahyo che, ane koI bhAvika dhanika anuyAyIe prasaMga vyAvahArika dRSTie pAra pADI Apyo haze. pote bhagavAna AgaLa prema bharANo ne bolI zakuM nahIM, rudiyA bhIDyo mArA hAtha sAhI." bhaktonA AvA svAnubhavo sAmAnya che. nAmadeve paNa prabhue 3oni hoda vAdI, nAma dharitnA hajI (1776) be hAthe UMcakIne nAmAne chAtIe lagADyo - e vAta karI che. 2. putrInuM mAmeruM - virakta pitAne mAthe mAmeruM karavAnI javAbadArI AvI kema ke patnI ne putra te be maraNa pAmiyAM. UnAthI kuMvarabAInA sAsarethI khokhalo paMDyo khabara lAvyo. eka mAnavInI jema narasiMhanA udgAro nIkaLe che : "jananIe melyA nara jIve, strI-vicholyA marI jAya re mAya'. mANekabAI jatAM "bhaluM thayuM bhAMgI jaMjALa, sukhe bhajazuM zrIgopALa' evo uddagAra narasiMhanA mukhamAM mUkavAmAM lokajIbhane premAnaMda jevAe paNa anumodana ApyuM che, paNa narasiMhanA hRdayanI sthiti judI ja hatI ane svayaM kavine mukhe ja gujarAtI kavitAmAM e apUrva Alekhana pAmI che. vaLI e kahe che : nirdhana nara kAM sarajiyAM, zrIhari?... eka paribhava kema rahIe re sAmaLA?"

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narasiMha mahetA 129 tAla mRdaMgacaMga vagADatA sau UnA pahoMcyA. tAta, trevaDa nahIM, zIda AvyA tamo hAMsa thAvA?" ema duHkhI thatI dIkarIne e eTaluM ja kahe che H duHkha ma kara dIkarI, gAo goviMda hari. - nirdhanano vevAIgaNa ane te paNa nAgaranI nAta. koNe kahyo kapaTI, koNe kahyo kAmI, koNe kahyo tAlakUTiyo re Avyo'. narasiMha to masta che : 'gopALajI tamacI bhakti che dohyalI, paNa te dAsane sadA sohyalI.' nAhavAno samaya thayo tyAre mAtra UkaLatuM pANI ApIne vevAIe kahyuM ke tamane to bhagavAna umeravAnuM ThaMDuM pANI Apaze. bhagate malhAra gAyo. tyAM to thayo ghanaghora ne dhanuSya tANyuM. vAya che vAvaDo, vIja camakA kare...', ane caitra suda dvAdazI meghaghaTA caDI, gaDagaDIne kUMDI mAMhe vUTho'. vevAIpakSane bhaktinI pratIti thaI. narasiMhe dIkarIne paherAmaNInI vastuonI yAdI karAvI lAvavA kahyuM. dIkarI yAdIno kAgaLa ApatAM AMkha pANI bharI vANI bhAkhI : sAdhu muja tAtane duHkha devA ghaNuM sImaMta mAhare zIda AvyuM?" narasiMha bhagavAnane vInave che emAM narmamarma lADa rIsa DAro e badhuM pragaTa thAya che : UTha re jAdavA, jAuM keme jAcavA ? tAharI bhakti tAM koNa karaze? putrI che tAharI, nAta che mAharI.' rAdhikAne kahe che, "kSaNa eka nAthane bAtha aLagI karo' ane pachI ene ughADI pADavAnI dhamakI paNa Ape che, mela mama nAthane, nIkaLaze kAdava koThI dhotAM'. tyAM UdhaDakI UThiyo vege viThThala hari, garuDa kyAM? garuDa kayAM? vata vANI'. bhakte prabhune premane tAMtaNe ANyo tANI.' narasiMhane hAtha grahI nAthe ura sAtha lIdho'. putrIne pitAe kahyuM : "ApaNo zeTha lakSmI sahita Aviyo, nAma parasiddha dAmodara dozI.' sau sagAMsaMbaMdhI ADozIpADozI gorANI jozI' saune paherAmaNI karI ane zAMta kIdhI olI gharaDI DozI'. zeThANI mastaka hAtha mUkIne' pUche che : AvaDI dUbaLI kema karI IkarI? kahe vAru tane duHkha zuM che?" -e eka suMdara svabhAvokti che. 'sitavadane hira ocaryA... AvatAM vAra lAgI re kAMI amane. eTaluM tamyo ama kSamA re karajo.' - 3. hUMDI - jUnAgaDhanA nAgaroe tIrthayAtrIone dvArakAnI hUMDI meLavavA mATe majAkamAM narasiMha pAse dhakelyA emAMthI hUMDIno prasaMga thayo. narasiMha rUpiyA sAtaso gaNI laI, 'huDiyAmaNa mAre nAma che hirataNuM' karatoka lAMbI lekhaNe sAmaLazA para hUMDI lakho Ape che :

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130 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 dIdhA che dokaDA lIdhA che rokaDA sarve kRSNArpaNa tamane kIdhA. patra vAMcI karI tarta dejo gaNI, jema ApaNI AData jAya cAlI. pachI harine e vInave che : nakALajo vaNaja meM kIdho che, vIThalA; rAkhazo zarama to lAja raheze... mAhare maMtra tuM, jaMtra tuM trIkamA!' dvArakAmAM tIrthayAtrIone koI sAmaLazA zeTha maLato nathI. narasiMhanI vinavaNIo cAlu che : "pache zuM kRSNajI, karo AvI? mela mama nAthane, ma bhara tuM bAthane, kAM re kamaLA, tuMne lAja nAve? dAsanI hAra thaze, lAja tArI jaze, pache tuMne vhAlAjI, koNa bAro?" tyAM lakSmInAtha UdhaDakI UThiyo ane dvArakAnI bajare "zeTha sAmaLa amyo kahI paisA gaNI ApyAthoDAka adhika ApyA. pahoMca lakhI ApI : 'tamyo cha zeTha ne amyo choM vANotara, tamAruM ne amAruM che eka nAma. eka adhikSaNa nathI re tuM vegaLo, narasiyo, narasiyo, -eka dhyAna." yAtriko pAsethI badhuM jANyuM tyAre "narasiyo phUliyo atiraMge jhUliyo, Apyo parasAda ne mALa dIdhI." 4. hArasamenAM pada - jUnAgaDhanA rA' maMDalika pAse "narasiMyo laMpaTI' che evI vAta pahoMcI. eNe narasiMhane teDAvyo ane kahyuM ke tAre zrIkRSNa sAthe prIti che e vAta temanA gaLAmAMno hAra te tane paherAve to ame mAnIe. narasiMha sArI rAta harine vinave che, enI e vinavaNInI vANImAM kyAMka marAThInI chAMTa paNa Ave che : "devA hamacIvAra kA badhira hoIlA? ApulA bhakta kAM vIsarI gelA?" bhakti karatAM, kaheze, narasiyo mAryo, to bhaktavacchala tAruM biruda jAze', "amyo khaLabhaLatAM tamo khaLabhaLazo', "mRtyune bhe narasiMyo bIto nathI, tAharA dAsanAM citta caLaze." mAmerA vakhatanI jema upAlaMbha, lADa, dhamakI badhAno e upayoga kare che : 'vivacArAM zI prItaDI je strI-raMga rAto!" "sAra kara, sAmaLA, mela mana-AMbaLA, UTha gopALa rAya, asUra thAya; narasiyAne re eka hAra ApatAM tAharA bApanuM zuM re jAye?" "tUTaze sneha trIkama tANe, "garaja mATe mAya-bApa te be kya, zarvarI re thoDI rahI, Apa taskara, muMne zuM saMtApAM?" "Apane hAra ke havaNAM pragaTa karuM jeha kIdhuM baMsIvaTanI vATe', "UTha tuM aTapaTA, bola tuM caTapaTA, laMpaTA, lAja torI re jAze; vrajapati raMgamAM kelI-ghaTA karAM narasiyAnI hAre koNa jAze? kapaTa karIne raMga rAsa ramADiyA, pache bApaDAM mUkyAM vana rotAM; gAya cArI, kahyo meM govALa', "ko kaheze... kujAta re... laMDa laMpaTa cADiyo... navanIta kero cora re;" "DhAMka mArAM, . ughADeza tArAM.

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narasiMha mahetA : 131 AkhI rAta vinavaNI cAle che emAM A badhA raMga Ave che. paNa temAM mukhya to enA hRdayanI komaLatAno che. 'huM re haLavo paDyo, tArA guNalaDA koNa gAze?" "naMdanA naMda, kAM vAra lAge ghaNI?" meM bhayo, to have kAM tajo?" mUka mAM, mUka mAM, grahyo re hAtha'. muMne apajaza to tUne apajaza thaze'. kusumanI mALa tAM kaThaNa zuM thai rahyo?" rasa Apeza to rasa ghaNo vAdhaze.' pote kahe che ke huM duHkha pAmuM te to mAre pAme' ane pUruM jANe che ke "akaLitAM cirata tArAM musira.' mAgazaranI rAtri pUrI thavA AvI, 'haraNalI AthamI'- mRgazIrSa nakSatra AthamyuM, dIvAnI jayota kSINa thaI. e chevaTanI dhA nAkhe che H nohe kaustubha ke vaidUryamALA, UjaLAM phUla ne sUtrano tAMtaNo, teNe zuM mohI rahyo kRSNa kALA?' tyAM ja 'kezave kaMThathI hAra kariyo vaDo, preme Aropyo narasaiagrIvA'... saMvata paMnara bArotara sapatamI ne ravivAra re, mAgasara ajuAle pakha, narasaiMne Apyo hAra re.' AtmacaritranAM cAra AkhyAnako kAvya tarIke narasiMhanA jIvananA kasoTIbharyA cAra prasaMgo vize narasiMhe pote gAyuM che ane pachI aneka kavioe te prasaMgone vistArIne kAvyaracanAo karI che. bhaktakavi pote ja potAne aMge camatkArano ulalekha kare evA dAkhalAo maLe che. saMto vize bIjA loko camatkAro varNave che te to judA. narasiMha viSe zrAddhasAmagrI levA pote bajAramAM gayo ne kIrtanamAM rokAI rahyo ane ghera bhagavAne narasiMhaveze vidhi bhojana vagere pAra pADyuM evA camatkAranuM premAnaMdanuM kAvya maLe che. camatkAra kathA aMgenuM manovijJAna adhyayana mAgI le che. koIka dRDha pratItine kalpakatAthI AkAra ApavAmAM AvatAM camatkArakathA janme che. narasiMha aMgenA Arthika madadanA camatkAro ene mATe sahAnubhUti dharAvanArA dhanika mitronI madada ene maLI haze- ane e pote to saumAM paramezvarane jonAro hato eTale bhagavAne ja e kasoTInA prasaMgo pAra pADyA ema eNe anubhavyuM haze, e rIte ghaTAvI zakAya. putrano vivAha'mAM bhagavAnane badhI jAne nahIM, pote ja joyA che ema e kahe paNa che. cAre kRtio mukhyatve narasiMhanA prasiddha jhUlaNAmAM che. jhUlaNA 52 hAtha besato Ave che. narasiMha prAsa meLave ja che. prAsa nahoya tyAM jarI thobhI jaI vicAra karavo sAro. hArasamenAM padomAM chaThThAne aMte ApI' sAthe 'sAMpI' ('soMpI' uparAMta e rUpa paNa che) no prAsa che. premAnaMdamAM pUche' no avazya 'zuM che'thI prAsa hoya che te narasiMhanA 'mAmeruM'(24-3)mAM paNa jovA maLe che. bhASAnI rUDhio 'nAgarI

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132 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 nAtamAM rAkhyuM IMDu' "hari vinA vAta te sarva mIMDuM -evA prAsamAM jovA maLe che. saMskRta bhASA kavine pUratI vaza che e 'vAru-"cAru' jevA prAsamAM dekhAya che. maMtra mohana vinA nahIM re bIjo' nA prAsamAM prabhu, ze na bhIMjo?' to narasiMhanI Adra vANImAM kheMcAI Ave ja ne? "sAmaLA, mela mana AMbaLA evA AMtaprAsa uparano kAbu paNa sAro evo jaNAya che.varNasagAI saheje sadhAI jatI jovA maLe che. vacce vacce zabda ane layanI chaTAo, abhivyaktinA camakArA jovA maLe che. potIkI zailI para narasiMhanI hathoTI jAmatI Ave che e paNa joI zakAya A cAre prasaMgo AkhyAnakalpa che. paNa narasiMhane potAnI kathA kahevAmAM rasa nathI, te te prasaMge prabhunI prabhutA kevI pragaTe che e upara ja enuM dhyAna che, cAre kRtio bhaktivRttinA phuvArArUpe nirmAI che. bahArasamenAM pada to bhaktiudgAranI ja hAramALA che. A AtmakathanomAM narasiMhanA vyaktitvanI saraLatA, ArdratA, lelInatA ane AtmavattA savizeSa UpasI Ave che. potAnI vANI jAgI UThI to eno viniyoga eNe mahAdevane paNa je vahAluM hoya te emanI pAse mAgavAmAM karyo ane zrIkRSNanI lIlAno potAne je svAnubhava thayo te "madhurI vANImAM gAvAno manasUbo sevyo. narasiMhanI namratAno pAra nathI. rAsalIlAmAM pote diveTiyo hovA aMge e gaurava le che. namratAnuM ja bIjuM pAsuM gauravabhAna che. narasiMhanI AtmavattA sattAdhArI samrATanI nathI, paNa bhagavAna sAthenA sAyujayabhAvamAMthI pragaTelI AtmavattA che. kIDI huto te kuMjara thaI UThiyo kemake bhagavAne mAthe hAtha mUkyo che. darzana karanArAonI lhAra lAgI', madana mahetAe "narasiyo dITho narasiMgha sarakho', narasiyo caturbhuja dITho saue - e ugAro bhagavAnamaya thayAnA gauravabhAvanA che. potAnA nAma para zleSa karIne pote bhagavAnano banavAthI khare ja narasiMha (mANasomAM siMha) samAna banyo che ema kahetAM e saMkocAto nathI. madana mahetAnA gorane mukhe narasiMhe potAnuM varNana karyuM che: "rAkhe vahevAra ne cAle sAcuM. gujarAtI bhASAnA be sAdA zabdo-"cAle sAcuM -mAM narasiMha jevo pragaTa thAya che tevo pAchaLanAM ene vizenAM AkhAM AkhyAna kAvyomAMthI paNa javalle thAya che. narasiMhanI kRtiomAM jevo yathAtatha narasiMha Upase che tevo pAchaLanAM narasiMhaviSayaka kAvyomAMthI - premAnaMdanAM paNa kAvyomAMthI -pratIta thato nathI. A cAre kRtione pachInA kavioe kAcAM DoLiyAM tarIke vAparIne te te prasaMga malAvI malAvIne nirUpI kAvyaracanAo karI che. pAchaLanA kavionI racanAo

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narasiMha mahetA 133 spaSTa rIte AkhyAna prakAranI che. narasiMhanI racanAo haju padonI mALA jevI che, AkhyAnakalpa che. putrano vivAha' ane 'mAmeruM" AkhyAnanA AkAramAM DhaLAvA karatAM hoya ema joI zakAya che, temAMye vivAha' savizeSa. 'hUMDI'mAM narasiMhe kareluM potAnA gharanI dazAnuM citraNa ane kAgaLa lakhavAnI zailI e be tarata dhyAna kheMce che. paNa premAnaMda dvArakAnI bajAramAM dAmodara dozI re, che kAne kalama khozI re'- citra ramatuM mUke che enI vAta ja judI. 'mAmeruM'mAM narasiMha to mahetojI cAliyA, tAla mRdaMga ne caMga sAtha' eTaluM ja kahe che, paNa pAchaLanA kavioe mAgI ANela dhUMsarI, sAMgI, baLada vagerevALI vahelanuM varNana umeryuM che. premAnaMdanuM vahelanuM suMdara varNana paNa mAgI ANeluM (purogAmIonuM) che. paNa khokhalo paMDyo, sAdhu pitAne mahAdukha devA mujane sImaMta ze AvyuM'- ema mAtRtvakoDa dAbIne bolatI kuMvarabAIno karuNa, 'UdhaDakI' UThI garuDa kayAM garuDa kyAM bolatA zrIkRSNanuM citra, vaDasAsu pAse karAvelI yAdI, chAbamAM 'hemanA pahANiyA', 'amAre A vaibhava Apyo mahetAtaNo' - evI lakSmIjI zeThANInI kabUlAta, chevaTe paherAmaNImAM rahI gayelI naNaMdanI nANadrI nAma nAnIbAI' evI badhI vIgato paNa premAnaMdane cheka narasiMha pAsethI maLelI che. chello prasaMga laIe. narasiMha to hAtha khaMkhere che ApanAro huto te ApI mUkI cAliyo', have kAMI na maLe. premAnaMda nAnabAI mATe AkAzamAMthI kApaDuM varasyAnuM kahe che. premAnaMda mATe bhakti sAdhya nathI, kAvyanirmiti mATenuM sAdhana che. bhaktine e gauNatA arpe che. narasiMhe yojyo nathI tyAM camatkAra yojIne adbhutarasane e khIlave che, narasiMhanI kRtimAM 'strI-vichohyA marI jAya re' -mAM gherA karuNanI chAMTa che. nirdhanatA aMgenA udgAromAM 'kaThaNa thayA re, kRpaNa, ghera lakSmI', 'vaLI visaMbhara birada kahAve' e kaTAkSo ane vahujI vadhAmaNI, AvI paherAmaNI, tALa vAye Ubho AMgaNa tAta' -e AtmaupahAsa AtmadayAne UpasavA detA nathI. premAnaMda narasiMhanI gharabhaMga dazAne badale agAunA kavione anusarI putrInI mAtRhInatAmAMthI karuNa nipajAve che. narasiMha e premAnaMdanI kRtimAM mukhyatve hAsyano AlaMbanavibhAva che, jyAre narasiMhanI kRtimAM vIra(dharmavI2)no AlaMbanavibhAva che. sasarAnI lAja rAkhavA jamAIe hajAra be hajAra uchInA ApavAnI icchA batAvyAnI vAta narasiMhe karI che. premAnaMdanI uttama kRtinI aDoaDa UbhI rahe evA ane kayAMka TapI jAya evA 'mosALAciratra'mAM enA purogAmI vizvanAtha jAnIe dAmpatyadarzananI gujarAtI bhASAnI eka uttama kaDImAM jamAIno ullekha karyo che: sAsu sasarAno jaNyo, samajaNo sAthI, mana rAkhe mahilA taNuM tribhuvanamAM kyAMthI?" samovaNanA pANI

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134 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 aMge hUbahU citra AMkI detI, bhavyatAnA sparzavALI, narasiMhanI vANIno ojasaguNa, vadana malakAvI vaDasAsujI boliyAM : e vAtamAM saMdha ziyo che?'- no marma, "zAMta kIdhI olI gharaDI DozImAM "olIno vyaMgya, "AvaDI dUbaLI kema karI dIkarI - e svabhAvokti - e badhuM yAda karIe to paNa narasiMhanI AkhI kRti prabaMdharacanA tarIke samRddha hovAnI chApa paDatI nathI. hAraprasaMgane paNa pachInA kavioe vistArIne laDAvyo che. emAM hAra prabhune hAthe arpaNa thayo e svIkAravA upara ghaNo badho bhAra mukAya che ane e sivAya vastuvikAsanI koI guMjAyaza ja nathI - mAtra prArthanA, Arta hRdayanA valavalATa, sivAya bIjuM kazuM saMgata paNa nathI, ethI prabaMdharacanA tarIke e saphaLa thavA aMgenI mUlagata zakyatA ja ochI che. prArthanA uddagAronAM Urmiko, eka Urmika-mALA maLI zake. paNa kamabhAgye bahArasamenAM padamAM narasiMhanI pratibhAnI chApavALAM utkaTa bhaktiuddagAranAM Urmiko ati jUja che. "tuM kizA ThAkura? huM kizA sevaka? jo karmacA lekha bhUsyA na jAye' e potAne agAu bhagavAne madada karIne 'abhedAna dIdhuM che e aMgenuM pada, ane enI pachI AvatuM devA hamacI vAra kAM badhira hoIlA? apulA bhakta kAM vIsarI gelA?" -e bhUtakALamAM aneka bhaktone saMkaTa prasaMge te madada karI che to mArIvakhate ja kema bahero thaI gayo che evI Arta cIsanuM, amyo khaLabhaLatAM tamyo khaLabhaLazo' -e saMketa pragaTa karatuM pada- e be kAMIka dhyAna kheMce che. vadhu eka trIjuM paNa enI zabda ane layanI chaTAno khyAla ApatuM aTapaTA, caTapaTA, laMpaTA, kelIghaTA e AMtazmAsavALuM, "vAgha paDI' e rUDhiprayoga yojatuM, jIvaDo jhagamage, aMga savi Dagamage, phagamage netra jovAne rUpa; narasiMyo ragamage loka sahu cagamage, kopyo bole maMDalika bhUpa' - e AMtaraprAsanA atirekathI kAMIka sastuM paNa banatuM - enI hathoTIno kAMIka nabaLo paricaya karAvatuM pada che. "mAmeruMmAM kRSNa keTaluMka saMbhaLAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, tevuM valaNa A kAvyamAM to vadhu dhULa bane che ane kAvyano sUra thoDoka ethI kathaLe che. ema kahevuM rahe che ke kasoTInI jevI tIvratA che tevI vANInI utkaTatA 'hArasamenAM padomAM javalle ja anubhavAya che. kAvyadRSTie putrano vivAha e sabaLa ane saphaLa kRti che. mAmerAno emAM ullekha che eTale mAmerAnA prasaMga pachI enI racanA thaI che. lAvo, svapratItinA A prasaMgo gAIe, ema mAnIne narasiMhe e prasaMgo mAmerA pachI zabdabaddha karavA mAMDyA lAge che. paNa enI samagra zakti putrano vivAha' mAM kharcAI che. emAM AraMbhamAM pote "aceta cetana thayo' tenI kathA ja romaharSaNa che ane putrano vivAha

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narasiMha mahetA 135 nA AraMbhanAM, pAMcamA bhAganAM, pado e roke che. evA anubhavavALI vyaktinA putranA vivAhanI vAta che. rukamiNIe "pratalokamAM AvavAnI IcchA paNa batAvI hatI e saMdarbha paNa pArzvabhUmAM che. bhagavAnane jAnamAM bIjA koIe nahIM, mAtra pote joyA, ema kahI cama:kArane aMgata anubhUtino viSaya ja rAkhavAnI sAvadhatA paNa A kRtimAM che. vivAhanA prasaMganA AlekhanamAM ekaMdare sapramANatA, aucitya ane rasavAhitA che. jAna vaDanagara AvyAnuM varNana - khAsa to ghoDAonuM citranarasiMhanI jIvatI kalamanI eka prasAdI che. bhagavAnane badhA AgaLa rajU karavAno camatkAra TALyo che, paNa vevAI pakSane potAmAM zrIkRSNa ane mANeka mahetImAM lakSmI vagere dekhAyAnuM varNana paNa mahetAnI zailInI prauDhinuM dyotaka che. chelluM pada AraMbhanI sAkSAtkAra-saptapadInI sAthe saMkaLAIne AkhI kRtinA AdhAra-mALakhAphremavarka)no bhAga banI rahe che. AraMbhanI adhyAtma-anubhavanI saptapadI gujarAtanA eka mahAna kavinI vANI zI rIte phUTI tenA sahRdaya AlekhanarUpe bhASAno eka ciraMjIva aMza banI raheze. putrano vivAha'nuM chelluM pada kavinAM prabhAtiyAnA potanuM che, ane pariNataprajJAnA uddagAro mATenI bhUmikA racAI cUkI che tenA purAvArUpa che. sakhIbhAva vALI kRSNabhaktinI bhUmikA hajI pUrepUrI svIkArelI che ane enI upara advaitanI mAMDaNI thatI AvatI joI zakAya che. saguNa e nirguNanuM ja svarUpa che. te be nathI "ekalo che, "vizvathI vegaLo' che. enuM ja rUpa che AnaMdamaya kRSNa. suMdarI rAdhA ane sau vrajanArI enI bhakta che ane emanAmAM eno rasa vilase che, sakhIrUpe narasiMhe te pIdho.' A pada tattvanirUpaNa ane ukti-sAmarthyane kAraNe kavinI advaitAnubhavanI aSTapadImAMnuM eka banI rahe che. 5. jhArInAM pada - sakhIbhAve kRSNane bhajatAM, narasiMha sau koImAM kRSNane jovA TevAyo hoI, mAMgaroLamAM kAkA parabatadAsane tyAM mUrtipratiSThAnA utsava prasaMge rAte kIrtana karatAM tarasa lAgI tyAre putravadhUe athavA to koI saMbaMdhI strI ratanabAIe pANI ApyuM te vakhate e tenAmAM mohinIrUpa kRSNane jue che ane e saundaryapratItinA kephamAM pado gAya che. jhArInAM pada tarIke te jANItAM che. A jone, koI UbhI re ALasa moDe. bAMhe bAjUbaMdha berakhA pahoMcI, manaDuM mohyuM che ene moDhe. jhAMjhara jhamake ne vIMchuA Thamake, hIMDe che vAMke aMboDe. sovaNajhArI te ati re samArI, mAMhe nIra gaMgodaka hoDe. narasaiyAne pANI pAvAne harijI padhAryA koDe.

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136 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 bIjuM gIta saundaryano AnaMda mANavA mATenA jAhera nimaMtraNanuM che. pagamAM vAraMvAra caMpAtAM cIra, munijananAM kaMpAtAM citta, kapolAra laLakatI dAmaNI, vIja zI caLakatI sALunI kora-e gatizIla citro, ane bolacAlanI zailI "caMcaLadaSTa codaza nihALatI e suMdarInI mUrtine jIvaMta karI de che. mohyA mohyA munivararAyA re, gorI, tAre trAjUDe mohyA mohyA munivararAyA re. rUpa svarUpa maLyuM nava jAye, meM to jANI che IzvarI mAyA re. caMcaLa daSTa codaza nihALe, mAMhe madanano cALo re. narasaiyAco svAmI jovA sarIkhaDo, koI e suMdarInuM vadana nihALo re. A kRtimAM naryA saundaryanA anubhavano AnaMda eka jAtanA lADapUrvaka sarala nirdoSa nikhAlasatAthI udgAratAM narasiMhanI vazIkaraNa-vANIno namUno ApaNane maLe che. mohinInI daSTi mAMhe madanano cALo' hovA chatAM kRti kAmukatAnA citranI banatI nathI. mohinI rUpe hAjara thayelo narasiMhano svAmI jovA sarIkhaDo' che, Avo, sau Avo, juo, e suMdarInuM vadana nihALo' - ema e nirmaLa bhAvodrakethI gAye jAya che. bIjA padamAM addabhuta ramaNIya zabdazaktithI vyaMgya dvArA je kahyuM hatuM te trIjAmAM khulluM karIne kahyuM che : "e to nArI nahIM, giradhArI re.. brahmA Indra zeSa zAradA enA caraNa taNA adhikArI re. aMtara heta potAnuM jANI e to Ave che aMtarajAmI re. vyabhicAra mUkI jUo vicArI, e to narasaiyAco svAmI re. ahIM AMkhamAM madanano cALo nathI, cittano cALo che. vyabhicAra mUkIne chabI jovAnI che. kahe che ke aMtaryAmI svayaM A rUpe pragaTa thayA che, A nArIsvarUpa oLakhe teno janamano phero saphaLa thAya. suMdarImAM harine jovA, harinuM mohinIsvarUpa jovuM e narasiMhanI A anubhutino marma che. AvI vRttinuM utkaTarUpe narasiMhamAM pragaTavuM e ja camatkAra che, bAkI koI camatkAra che nahIM. e strI to ratanabAI hatI. eno bhAI mahetA pAse AvIne emane DhaMDhoLIne kahe paNa che : jotA nathI, ratanabAI tamane pANI pAvA kevI vyAkuLa phare che ne tame to bhagavAnanA mohinIrUpanAM darzana karavA saune teDI rahyA cho. have pANI pIo to pIdhuM tarasyA narasaiyAe pANI, paNa divyadraSita

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dRSTie pIvAtuM mohinIsvarUpa tyAM aMtaradhAna thaI gayuM. paramezvare putrI karI jANI, sabhA madhye ANI re. aMtaradhyAna thayo alabelo, vAta sahukoe jANI re.... narasiMha mahetA 137 nArInA saundaryanI AbhAmAM paramAtmAnI paramavibhUti jovAnAM naravAM netra khAsa karIne bIjAmAM e darzana apUrva narasiMha pAse hatAM. prathama be padamAM saundaryathI sAkAra thayuM che. - 6. pavitra prasaMga - narasiMhanA jIvanano eka moTo banAva je eNe svamukhe gAIne cirasmaraNIya banAvyo che te che hirajanonA niyaMtraNano svIkAra karIne temane tyAM pote gayAno, bhajana karI saune prasAda vaheMcyAno ane nAgarI nAtamAM svecchAe upahAsapAtra banyAno. giri taLATI ne kuMDa dAmodara tyAM mahetAjI nahAvA jAya eka vAra emane hirajana bhAIo-jemanAmAM dRDha haribhakti hatI te-maLe che. ane kahe che amAre AMgaNe karo kIratana.' premapadAratha amo pAmIe, vAmIe janmamaraNa jaMjALa. kara joDatAMmAM karuNA UpajI, mahetojI vaiSNava parama dayALa. pakSApakSI tyAM nahIM paramezvara, samaSTine sarva samAna. gaumUtra tulasIvRkSa karI lIMpajo, evuM vaiSNave AkhuM vAdAna. mahetAjI nizAe AvyA, lAvyA prasAda ne karyo occhava. bhora thayA lagI bhajana kIdhuM, saMtoSa pAmyA sau vaiSNava. ghera padhAryAM harijaza gAtA, vAtA tALa ne zaMkha mRdaMga. hasI hasI nAgara tALIo le che : A zA re brAhmaNanA DhaMga! mauna grahIne mahetojI cAlyA, adhavadhAne zo uttara deuM? jAgyA loka, naranArI pUche : mahetAjI tame evA zuM? nAta na jANo ne jAta na jANo, na jANo kAMI vivekavicAra. kara joDIne kahe narasaiMyo, vaiSNavataNo mane che AdhAra. gujarAtanI bhUmi upara gAMdhIjInI pahelAM eka 52mavaiSNave ucca nAgarI nAtanA upahAsano vicAra karyA vagara jugajugathI avahelanA pAmatA hirajanabhAIonI paDakhe UbhA rahI temane apanAvyAno prasaMga banyo che e ApaNA

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138 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 samAjajIvananI eka pavitra kSaNa che. khumArIthI narasiMha gAya che, -e udgAro bhASAnI siddhino bhAga banI cUkelA che : evA re amo evA re tame kaho cho vaLI tevA re. bhakti karatAM jo bhraSTa kahezo to karazuM dAmodaranI sevA re. saghaLA sAthamAM huM eka bhUMDo, bhUMDAthI vaLI bhUMDo re; tamAre mana mAne te kahejo sneha lAgyo che mane UMDo re.. haLavAM karmano huM narasaiyo, mujane to vaiSNava vahAlA re. harijanathI je aMtara gaNaze, tenA phogaTa pherA ThAlA re. 2. AkhyAnakalpa kRtio cAturIo - IcchArAma desAIe "narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvya-saMgrahamAM "cAturI chatrIzI'nAM chatrIsa ane "cAturI SoDazInAM soLa pado ApyAM che. hastaprato uparathI pacIsa (21 ane 22 judAM pADavAmAM Ave to chavvIsa) cAturIo maLe che. sattaramI cAturInA AraMbhamAM Aje meM evI cAturI jANIjI, mAraga thaI beTho dANIjI, ane cothI kaDImAM 'rUDI para jANo nahIM to juogopALanI cAturI' e paMktiomAMno cAturI' zabda gopAlakRSNanI dANa mAgavuM, vanakrIDA karavI vagere vividha cAtarIno nirdeza kare che. kRSNanI AvI lIlA varNavatI padamALAne mATe cAturIo nAma pracalita banyuM haze. caudamAM padane aMte vihAracaritra vinodalIlA, jA, nArasiho thaI mANaje e cAturIo mATe vihAracaritra" athavA "vinodalIlA' jevI saMjJAno saMbhava nirdeze che. sAtamA padane aMte paNa "nArasiyA jugajuga avatarI vihAracaritra tuM bola'-mAM paNa spaSTa vihAracaritrano ullekha che. | pahelI dasa cAturIomAM jayadevanA "gItagoviMda'ne maLatuM virahI kRSNa ane virahiNI rAdhAnA lalitA sakhInA dUtIkArya dvArA sadhAyelA milananuM Alekhana che. pahelA padamAM kRSNane lalitA pUche che kehI kAmaNagArI! tAharI harI suddha buddha sAna?' bIjAmAM kRSNa javAba Ape che. "vaLatA bolyA yugavisarAma, lalitA, rAdhA IhanuM nAma.' vrajagopInA sneha khAtara potAno avatAra che ema e kahe che : abaLAne hete Aviyo, mAharo vraja vikhe avatAra vasa-varatI vrajanArano nigama kahe niradhAra.

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vanamAM rAdhA sAthe ramatAM rAdhAne vAMkuM paDyuM ane rIsAIne e gaI, premadA te laI gaI prANa.' kihAM jAuM, lalitA? kama karuM ? kima dharuM dhIraja manna? tAharA sama, tAruNI vinA triloka lAge suMna... mAnanIne maLavA taNo karo koI upAI. narasiMha mahetA 139 AdhIna anucara tAharo, tuM jasa le re yuvatI'- ema kahevAnI hade e jAya che. trIjA padamAM 'huM manAvuM nimekhamAM' kahI lalitA aMbara leI AMsu luDe' che. dUtI tarIke e jAya che ne jue che to rAdhA 'trilokasuMdara tAruNI sokasAgara paDI zyAmA lalitAI dIThI aNamaNI'. cothA padamAM te rAdhAne samajAve che : zrI naMdanaMdana tAhera kAje vaikuMTha Avyo paraharI.' mATe pIu sAthe premadA, kahuM chuM, tuM adhika ma tANaH jovana ApI nAthane mANI zake te mANa'. pAMcamA padamAM rAdhA zaNagAra saje che. madhyakAlIna suMdarIzaNagAranuM e eka lAkSaNika varNana che. chaThThA padamAM lalitA rAdhAnuM mAna vadhAravA tene yamunAtIre kadambavRkSa nIce rAha jovA kahI kRSNa pAse jAya che mahA maMtra jema jape jogI dharIne manamAM dhI2', tema rAdhA rAdhA kare mAdhava.' sAtamA padamAM kRSNa dUtI lalitAne kaustubhamaNino hAra arpe che. lalitA kahe che : salUNI sukumAra che, karajo te ghaNI re jatanna'. pachI ekAntavihAranuM varNana che. te same rasa te ja sthAnaka Upano re agadhA.' kavi kahe che, karmajaDa pAme kihAMthI, anya-upAsI jeha?" amRta paNa e rasanI tole na Ave. AThamA padamAM paNa vanakrIDAnuM varNana che. navamAmAM vinA AtmacaritanuM pRSTha UghaDe che. pote tyAM hato, potAne hAthamAM dIvI ApI (jene lIdhe e diveTiyo kahevAyo) ane pachI karatAla ApI, dUtIkArya soMpyuM. A badhuM mahAdeve divyacakSu dvArA anubhavAvyuM. anubhavelA rasanuM pote gAna karI rahyo che. dasamAmAM sakhIo priyatama pAsethI pAchI AvelI vrajAMganAne rasabharyAM dIse tArAM neNa... kapola tAharA hasI rahyA... pItAMbara kihAM pAlaTyuM, nIlAMbara tAruM noI,... UMcuM te jonI aMganA, kAM DhALe nIcAM neNa?' vagere narmavacanothI mUMjhave che tenuM varNana che. - Ama dasa pada sudhI eka saLaMga vRttAnta ApavAmAM Avyo che. pachInAM padomAM dANalIlAnA ke anya nimitte gopI ane kRSNanI krIDAnAM varNano che, jemAM punarAvartana paNa ghaNuM che. kvacita ja uktivaicitrya jovA maLe che. ardhanimIlita nayana ane khaMDita vacana premAnaMdanI okhAnI AkhI bhAgI vAta')nuM eka varNana te dasamI pachInI cAturIomAM ekamAtra AzvAsana che :

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140 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 adhamaLyA naeNe re ke adhamaLyA naeNe, khaMDita vaeNe re ke khaMDita vaeNe, khaMDita naeNe vAta karatAM puSpa jharatI padamanI. mukhamakaraMde bhuvana bhAratI vilasI vItI zaradanI. suratasAdhanA- 'suratasaMgrAma'nuM varNana jINe govaradhana kara dharyo tehane meM rAkhyo u2 dharI', 'kusumanI pere kuca para rAkhiyo cAre jAma', 'huM hatI jovanasame, kucaLa piyuDAjoga' e rIte thayAM kare che. eka kAMIka jADI upamA adhararUpI phaLa piyurUpI popaTanA mukhamAM mUkavA aMgenI ('sUDalo thaIne zrIhari amRtaphaLa mukhamAM lII') vAraMvAra yojAI che. "malaNa khoTuM mana vinA', 'mAhare te mANasamAMhe cAlavuM, tujane te nahIM ucATa' evA narma-udgAro kyAreka ja vacce Ave che, bAkI vAcyArtha dvArA ja karatI huM kAmakallola' -enAM varNano che. gopI kahe paNa che : rakhe kehene jaNAvatI vavacAranIe vAta', vAcyArthanI madadathI rajU thatI vyabhicAranI vAta camatkRti-rahita che, AdhyAtmika arthanA pratIka tarIke ene uThAva maLavAno to saMbhava ja rahevA pAmato nathI. sudAmAcaritra - bhAgavatamAM AlekhAyeluM sudAmAcaritra gujarAtImAM tema ja dezanI ghaNI bhASAomAM kAvyaviSaya banyuM che. narasiMha nava padomAM saMkSepamAM paNa sudAmAnI kathAnAM mukhya mukhya bhAvabiMduone sarasa uThAva maLI rahe e rIte rajUAta kare che. pahelAmAM sudAmApatnInI patine dvArakA jaI kRSNane, e 'mitra che tamataNA' kahI, maLavAnI vinaMtI che. bIjAmAM, mitra bALapaNano saMbaMdha bhUlI paNa gayo hoya, vaLI dabAvIne vAta zI rIte thaI zake? sau mane tyAM hasaze, ghera mauna besI rahevuM sAruM; = e sudAmAno pratibhAva che. trIjAmAM pharI kalAvIne patnI kahe che H tamAre prabhujInI bhakti e ja AdhAra che, huM jANuM chuM. paNa ene tyAM sau ekasarakhAM che. prItanI rIte' tamane e avazya bheTaze. sudAmA palaLe che. kahe che : mArA vezanuM to jANe samajyA. paNa kAMI bheTa to laI javI joIe ne ? cothAmAM vaLI gurupatnI emane dhotiyAne cheDe mAgI ANelA tAMkUla baMdhAvatI, zabarInAM bora ne viduranI bhAjI AroganArA bhaktivaza prabhu jANaze thoDe ghaNuM' evo sadhiyAro detI, e to bhaktinA mana taNo bhAva jANe'- tamAre moDhe caDhIne mAgavAvAro paNa nahIM rahe, tamatamAre jAo, muktipurI dvArakAno AnaMda to mANI Avo- kahetI premavidAya de che. pAMcamA padanA AraMbhamAM yAtrika sudAmAnuM AMtaraprAsathI surekha UpasatuM citra ane manomaMthana narasiMhanI zabdazaktino uttama paricaya karAve che :

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narasiMha mahetA 141 cAliyo vATamAM, jJAnInA ghATamAM, mitra mohanataNuM nAma leto. dhanya e nAra, avatAra saphaLa karyo, kRSNa he kRSNa he mukha kaheto. mAgavuM mRtyu-pramANa che prANIne, lobha kIdho tyAMhAM prIta tUTe. kahyuM meM, abalA, sukhe besI raho, mAgatAM to badho marma chUTe. - ema karato e dvArakA prabhunA nivAsane dvAra AvI pahoMcyo. dvArapALe dayA karIne khabara ApI. kRSNa sAmethI cAlIne bheTiyA', sudAmAne hemasiMhAsane Agraha karIne besADavA jatAM tANatAM vipranAM vastra phATAM'. sArI rIte navaDAvI, kanakanI pAvaDI caraNa AgaLa dharI', "punita pItAMbara paheravA ApiyuM ane jamADI palaMga para suvADyo. chaThThA padamAM "bhAgya jojo, bAI, kRSNabhikSaka taNuM - ema rakamiNI Adi Azcarya anubhave che. sudAmA ArAma karI UThyA pachI kRSNa samAcAra pUche che: brahmacaryAzramamAM ja cho ke gRhasthAzrama svIkAryo che? mane manamAM Apyo e mAruM moTuM bhAgya. tamArI khabara sarakhI na rAkhI e mAro doSa. "kAminIkephamAM huM ja DUlyo." pachI sAMdIpaninA AzramamAM baMne rahelA tenAM smaraNo kADhayAM: "vIsarI gayuM che ke vIra tane sAMbhare?" bhAbhIe bhAvapUrvaka je bheTa mokalI hoya te Apo, amAre mATe bahu mIThI nIvaDaze. "saMkocato gAMThaDI, vipra AdhI dhare, narasainA svAmIe najare dIThI." sAtamA padamAM kRSNa be mUThI tAMbUla preme ArogiyA tyAre rukmiNIe eka rahyAM amo, eka bIjA tamo kahI hAtha sahAyo trIjI mUThI bharatAM tenuM,. sudAmAne na samajAtuM, ramaNIya citra che. ghera javA e rajA mAge che. e jANato nathI paNa have "bhUkhanA duHkhanI bhIDa bhAgI' che. AThamA padamAM rasto kApato sudAmA 'cittamAM zocI vicAra karato : ApyuM to kaMI nahIM.' : kAminIkathane dvArakA gayo to kharo, paNa bAla gopAla je vATa jotAM haze temane joI amo zuMya kahezuM? mitra mohana taNuM heta jyAre pUchaze, kAmanIne uttara kema dezuM? ema ciMtA kare, netrathI nIra jhare, karmanI vAta manamAMhI dhArI. narasai no nAtha to atighaNo lobhiyo, pItAMbarI paNa lIdhI utArI . A mAnavIbhAva bhaktahRdayamAM DokAI gayo, paNa pachInA-chellA navamA-padamAM pAchI enI upara bhaktinI mULa prakRti sarasAI bhogave che: dhanya tuM, dhanya tuM, rAya raNachoDajI, dIna jANI mane mAne dIdhuM. bALapaNA taNo sneha nava vIsariyo, mitramohana taNI prIta sAcI.

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142 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 kRSNa hetathI haLyAmaLyA-e badhuM saMbhArato, dhyAna dharato, sudAmA 'nija dvAra Avyo' ane comera jue che to deva zuM dvArikA AMhI lAvyo!' badhuM badalAI gayuM che. patnI AvIne kahe che ke tame kRSNane nIrakhiyA, puNya prakaTa thayuM, pApa nAThuM te thakI samRddhi A sakala te sAMpaDI.' sAMbhaLIne 'kRSNa kahetA te nija dhAma padhAriyA.' UlaTabharyAM bhaktadaMpatI vaLI jhAjherI bhakti karavA 'navalajobana thayAM', ane prabhune vinati-prArthanA karavA lAgyAM. 'vinati ucAratAM, rajani vItI gaI, narasaiMnA svAmInI prIta bhArI.' nava padamAMthI cAra pati patnInA, dvArakA javuM ke nahIM e aMgenA saMvAdamAM temAM bIjuM AkhuM to sudAmAnA manomaMthanamAM ja -kharcavAmAM aucitya raheluM che. vaLI pAMcamAno prathamArdha ekalA paDelA sudAmAnA manomaMthanano che. pAMcamAno uttarArdha, chaThThuM ane sAtamuM ema aDhI pada kRSNanI mulAkAtane apAyAM che vaLI vadhu doDha pada sudAmAnuM manomaMthana roke che. chelle ardhAmAM nirvahaNa che. jovAnuM e che ke nava padamAMthI traNa jeTalAM pada sudAmAnA AtmamaMthananAM che. - narasiMha sudAmAne mAnavI tarIke jarU2 cItare che, paNa enI bhaktimayatAne e prAdhAnya Ape che. kRSNanI khaDakIne bAraNe jaI caDhelA koI bhIkhamaMgA brAhmaNa jevuM premAnaMdanA 'sudAmAcarita'nuM upahasanIya pAtra kyAM ane kyAM narasiMhe AlekheluM samAnadharmAnuM pAtra? premAnaMda kathAnAM mukhya mukhya rasabiMduo - vIsarI gayuM che ke vI2 tane sAMbhare?" saMkocato gAMsaDI vipra AdhI dhare,' rukmiNInuM kRSNane trIjI mUThI bharatAM rokavuM, sudAmAno pItAMbarI paNa lIdhI utArI' udgAra vagere narasiMhamAMthI meLave che. keTaluMka enI anokhI kalAmayatAnI saMjIvanIthI praphullI UThe che. narasiMhamAM vIsarI gayuM ke sAMbhare ema kRSNano ekano ja prazna che te premAnaMdamAM tane sAMbhare re', "mane kema vIsare re" - ema suMdara saMvAdarUpe khIlI UThe che. paNa mULagAnA mArA tAMdUla gayA'- eTalA sudhI sudAmAnA AkaLApaNAne premAnaMda laI jAya che. pachIthI gharano rasto kApatAM premAnaMda paNa rAbetA mujaba sudAmAne bhakti karato batAve che ja, paNa zuM patnI sAthe vAta karatAM, zuM dvArakA jatAM, zuM pAchA vaLatAM, premAnaMdanA sudAmAnI chApa udAtta bhakta karatAM mukhyatve eka binavyavahAru mANasanI paDe che. emAMthI eno hAsya udbhave che ane chelle badalAI gayelAM gharabAramAM teDatI strIone pApaNIo, tamane paramezvara pUchaze' AgaLa e hAsya svayaM upahasanIya banI bese che. narasiMha mATe sudAmA koI evuM pAtra nathI, e potAnI Adarza asmitA (olTara Igo) rUpa che, hamasaphara che, samAnadhamAM che. jIvanamAM vAraMvAra ene potAne paNa kRSNane jAcavAnA prasaMga

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narasiMha mahetA 143 AvyA che. (sAmaLazAnA vivAhano IcchArAma sU. desAIe "narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgrahamAM je pATha Apyo che temAM mANekabAInI vinaMtIthI narasiMha kRSNane jAcavA dvArakA jAya che ane kRSNa sudAmAnA jevuM ja premabharyuM svAgata kare che, - vizeSamAM pote lagna aMgenI badhI tajavIja karI Ape che. enAM sAta - 17 thI 23 - pada che. "sudAmAcaritra'nA nabaLA anukaraNanAM pado umeravAnI koIe saheje taka jhaDapI lIdhI lAge che.) mahAdeva yuvaka narasiMhane "muktipurI" laI jAya che tyAM e "kanakanI bhUmi ne vizrvamanA thAMbhalA' jue che. "sudAmAcaritra'mAM kanakanI bhUmi ne ratnanA thAMbhalA'nuM varNana che. AraMbhamAM sudAmApatnInA ja niradhana sarajiyAM te uddagAro "mAmeruMnA 'nirdhana nara kAM sarajiyA, zrI hari?' - nI yAda Ape che. narasiMhamAM sudAmAnI patnI "ghera bALaka sahu duHkha pAme bahu, ana ne vastrathI rahe che UNAM - ema UNapanI vAta kare che, premAnaMdanI RSipatnInI jema mAge bALaka lAvo anna e rIte Akroza ke anurodha karatI nathI. jaIza to paNa moM kholI nahIM zakuM, sAro nahIM lAge, ema pati kahe che tyAre narasiMhanI sudAmApatnI pati pratye sahAnubhUtithI bole che temAM hRdayanI atyaMta sukumAratA che. "svAmI sAcuM kahyuM, bolavuM nava rahyuM', vaLI "kaMthanAM vacana te vedavANI'. mAruM kyAM ajANyuM che? "bhavataNuM nAva te, bhakti bhUdhara taNI, teha huM prIchavuM sneha ANI." tamArAthI nathI hari vegaLA, bhaktibhAve maLyA." tamAre kyAMya emanI pAse javApaNuM paNa na hoya. paNa tamo emane maLo to prItanI rIta e cUke, moTAnAnAno bheda kare, e banavA saMbhava nathI. cAla, tuM kahe che to jAuM, - ema sudAmA taiyAra thAya che. lajAmaNI sIkala tarapha dhyAna kheMcI sUcave che ke mAgavAnA khyAlathI jAuM chuM eTale ane temAM vaLI bheTa lIdhA vagara jaIza to e vaLI vadhu lajAmaNI banaze. kharI vAta e che ke narasiMhanA sudAmAcaritramAM patnI patine dvArakA javA kahe che, kRSNane jAcavAnuM - kazI mAgaNI karavAnuM ekavAra paNa e kahetI nathI. puNya vinA nidhana chIe. kRSNanAM darzanathI ane gomatIsnAnathI pApa dUra thaze. mAgavAno to savAla ja nathI, mArA nAtha, e bhaktanA manano bhAva jANavAvALo che ema e kahe che. pati pAchA vaLe che tyAre svAmI re svAmI karatI aradhI aradhI thaI jatI e to enI e pratItimAM ja masta che ke patie gomatInAna karyuM, kRSNanAM darzana karyA, eTale puNya pragaTa thayuM, pApa gayuM ane sArI sthiti thaI. - narasiMhe Akho bhAra sudAmA upara mUkyo che. nava padanA sudAmAcaritranI racanA eNe mitra' zabdane AdhAra tarIke rAkhIne karI che. bhAgavatamAM RSipatnInA zabdo che : saravA sAkSAt zriya: patiH (sAkSAt lakSmIpati mitra che). dAmpatyajIvanamAM

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144 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 mitra mohananI vAta to sudAmAthI kyAreka ne kyAreka thayAM ja karI haze. ghaNAM vase bahu UNapa varatAI tyAre patnI kahe che : jadupatinAtha te mitra che tama taNA, jAo vege karI kRSNa pAse'. kAvyano AraMbha ja e mitratA' saMbhArI ApavA dvArA thAya che. mohana mitra' che e vAta to sAcI. paNa mitra A rIte muzkelI UbhI karaze enI sudAmAne kalpanA paNa nahIM. bIjA kaDavAne aMte sudAmA kahe che : mauna besI raho... durijana loka te chone lavatAM rahe.' to, sudAmAne kRSNa sarakhA mitra che e vAta loka paNa jANe che zuM? sudAmA nirdhanadazAmAM jIve che e vize e lavyA karatAM haze - kRSNa jevA sudAmAnA 'mitra' che ne juo to kevI rIte bhAI jIve che! ema upAlaMbhavacano bolyAM karatAM haze? sudAmAne kRSNa tarapha dhakelavAno bojo narasiMhanI kRtimAM patnI upara ja na rahetAM loko para -durijana' para jAya che 'mitra' zabda e durijanonA mukhathI uccArAtAM vyaMgyArtha dhAraNa kare che. - - sudAmA dvArakA tarapha dhapI rahyo che- 'mitra mohanataNuM nAma letA', tyAre 'mitra' zabda potAnA aMtarAtmAnI sAkSIe je sAco bhAIbaMdha che tene mATe vaparAyo che. pada-8mAM mitra mohanataNuM heta jyAre pUchaze, kAminIne uttara kemadezuM?" -mAM mitra aMtarAtmAe oLakhelo nahIM, paNa lokajIbhe gavAto mitra che. paNa vaLI pAcho pada-9 mAM 'mitra mohana taNI prIta sAcI'mAM aMtarAtmAnI dRDha pratIti jenA aMge che te 'mitra'no ullekha che. Ama, 'mitra' e zabda be rIte yojAyo che. (1) sudAmA jiMdagImAM kyAreya kRSNane dvArakAmAM jaIne pratyakSa na maLe to paNa pUrA vizvAsathI emane potAnA mitra' tarIke niraMtara anubhave che. e to manomana sAkSI che. enAM patnI paNa patine kharekhara kRSNanA mitra mAne che. pada 4mAM e ene 'samovaDa' paNa lekhe che. paNa patnIne mukhe kRSNa mATe mitra zabda uccAratAM, sudAmA bhaDake che. aMtarAtmAnA saMbaMdhanI vAta hatI e Ama kyAM pragaTa thaI? (2) mitra zabda patnIne mukhe patnInA hRdayathI to pavitrabhAve) uccAratAM lavarI karatAM bIjAM loko-durijano'- ne mukhe vyaMgamAM uccArAtAM mitrano khyAla AgaLa Ave che ane e avataraNa-cihnamAM mUkIne uccArAto 'mitra' zabda sudAmAnI sthiti para judI rIte prakAza nAkhe che. pahelI ja paMktimAM mitra che tamataNA'mAM paNa eno paDachAyo paDe che. ghera pAchA vaLatAM mitra mohana taNuM heta jyAre pUchaze'-mAM to sudAmA pote paNa mitra zabda cAvIne AtmopahAsa karatA bolatA hoya evuM joI zakAya che. Ama, eka zabdane ekavAra saraLa rIte ane e ja zabdane bIjIvAra vyaMgyapUrvaka yojIne narasiMhe eka jAtanI

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narasiMha mahetA 145 . vakroktinI - eka jAtanA kaTAkSanI (AyarnanI) sthiti nirmI che ane ene potAnI kAvyakRtinA saMghaTaka tattva (sTrakacarala prinsipala) tarIke yojI che. pote kRSNano mitra che ane nirdhananuM jIvana jIve che emAM sudAmAne mana kazI vidhivakratA nathI, paNa vyavahAru loko - pelA "durijano' e paristhiti pAchaLanI vakratA aMge lavarI karI mare che. A be daSTibiMduonI sahopasthiti "mitra' zabdane be rIte yojIne narasiMhe siddha karI che ne kAvyano rasa nipajAvyo che. pItAMbarI paNa lIdhI utArImAM sudAmA jevA sudAmA paNa kSaNa mATe - kSaNArdha mATe bIjA dRSTibiMdune vaza thaI jatA lAge che, to "zrIpatinAthe mane raMka sarajAviyo, ema karato dvija dvAra Avyo' emAM zrIpati' ane 'raMkano virodha vyakta karavA dvArA sudAmA bIjA dRSTibiMdunI sabhAnatApUrvaka potAnA daSTibiMdu para mustAka hoya e rIte pratIta thAya che. narasiMhanI bhaktimAM kaze Atma-avasAda, AtmaavahelanA, AtmanirbharsanA nathI. bhagavAnano banyo tyArathI pote "narasiMgha sarakho' che. AtmapratItinA gAnamAM kRSNamukhe e kahevaDAve che, "narasiyo bhakta muja tola jANo', ane tuM vize bheda nahi, nAgarA. namratAno pAra nathI, bhagavanmayatAnI sImA nathI, paNa bhagavAnane lIdhe to kIDI huto te kuMjara jaine UThyo che. bhakti-prabhumayatA e ja mANasanI sAcI gauravanI sthiti che, bIjI badhI gauravazrutinI avadazA che, Ama pote anubhavato hoI samAnadharmA sudAmAno vicAra karatAM narasiMha sudAmAnI kRSNa sAthenI mitratAne ja kendramAM rAkhe e svAbhAvika che. kAvyamAM saMghaTakatattva tarIke narasiMha sahaja e mitra' zabdanI paristhitijanya dvividha arthasaMbhAvanAne pratibhAvazAt yoje che. narasiMhanuM 'sudAmAcaritra' e padonI mALA nathI, surakha pramANa ghATIluM AkhyAnaka che. dazamaskaMdha padamALA rUpe ApanAra bhAlaNa pAsethI naLAkhyAna, kAdaMbarI, a prabaMdharacanAo-AkhyAno maLavAM zarU thayAM ane AkhyAnakAraziromaNi premAnaMdanI apratima kathanazailI dazamaskaMdhanI padamALAmAM paryavasAna pAmI, padamALAmAMthI AkhyAnanuM baMdhAvuM ane aMte AkhyAnanuM padamALAmAM reLAvuM e be biMduo vacce madhyakAlIna gujarAtI AkhyAnakavitAno samagra itihAsa samAyelo che. paNa bhAlaNanI pUrve narasiMhanA "sudAmAcaritramAM AkhyAnakavitAno aruNodaya jovo zakya che. - narasiMhanA 'sudAmAcaritra'nA avayave avayavamAM je aucitya che, vANImAM je prAMjalatA ane pragalyatA che, zilpInI je sapramANatA che, kAvyanirmitimAM "mitra' zabdanA upayogathI anAyAse sadhAtI je sacetatA che te e laghukRtine narasiMhanI ja nahI, gujarAtI bhASAnI gaNanApAtra kRtiomAM sthAna apAvavA paryApta che.

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146 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 tA.ka. narasiMhanA sudAmAcaritra u52 nAmadevanA sudAmAcaritranI asara nathI. e be kRtio vacce evuM koI sAmya nathI. vaLI nAmadeve sudAmAcaritra Adi kathAnaka racyA aMge ja zaMkA che. nAmadevanAM paurANika kathAnake' ane 'saMtacaritre' maLe che. e badhAM ja nAmadevanAM hovA vize vidvAnone khAtarI nathI. saMtacaritramAM 'narasI mehatA'nuM caritra hUMDIno prasaMga 40 abhaMgomAM Alekhe che ('nAmadevAcI gAthA' citrazALA prakAzana, 1957, pR. 715-7). nAmadevano samaya I.12701350 che eTale narasiMhanI pUrve teo thaI gayA hoI 'narasI mehatA'nA ciratramAM 'nAmA mhaNe' evI nAmamudrA hovA chatAM te prAmANika nathI. viSNudAsa nAmA nAmanA paMDitanI, nAmadevanI bhAvAtmaka kRtio karatAM judI jAtanI, racanAo maLe che ane e kavi nAmadevathI bhinna che evo DaoN. tuLapuono abhiprAya che (pAMca saMtakavi', AvRtti bIjI, pR. 139), e racanAomAM 'viSNudAsanAmA' 'nAmA viSNudAsa' evI nAmamudrA maLe che. 'paurANika kathAnakemAM keTaleka ThekANe 'nAmA mhaNe' che to keTaleka ThekANe 'nAmA viSNudAsa' ke 'viSNudAsa nAmA'nI nAmamudrA paNa che. paNa ardhAthI adhika abhaMgomAM 'nAmA mhaNe' hoI ane kIrtanasaMpradAyanA pravartaka nAmadeve kIrtanarUpe kathAnako joDyAM hovAno saMbhava hoI dazAvatAra, prahlAdacaritra, sudAmAcaritra Adi paurANika kathAnako nAmadeve ja kIrtanadvArA bhAvabhaktinA pracAra arthe lakhyAM hovAM joIe ema DaoN. hemaMta viSNu InAmadAranuM mAnavuM che ('saMta nAmadeva', 1970, pR. 171-2). 'sudAmAcaritra'mAM to 'nAmA mhaNe' evI ja mudrA che, 'viSNudAsa nAmA'nI nathI. paNa 1970mAM mahArASTranA zAsakIya madhyavartI mudraNAlaya (muMbaI) taraphathI DaoN. sarojinI bAbaranI adhyakSatA nIce nAmadevagAthAsamitie pragaTa karela 'nAmadeva gAthA'mAM sudAmAcaritra Adi paurANika kathAnaka ApavAmAM AvyAM nathI. dANalIlA - narasiMhanI kAvyazaktino supere paricaya karAvatuM 78 paMktinuM A kathAkAvya athavA prasaMgakAvya che, kaho ke vistareluM kathanormikAvya che. gAyo carAvavA gayelA zrIkRSNa rAdhAne jue che ane go2sanuM dANa mAge che ane thoDIka rakajhaka pachI rAdhAnI vinaMtI parathI veNu vagADIne enuM mana manAve che - eTalA kathAtaMtunI madadathI, dANalIlAne miSe, kAvyanA madhyamAM rAdhA ane kRSNanA romaharSaNa milananuM ane aMte mAdhavanI paDakhe raLiyAta thayelI rAdhAnuM adbhutasuMdara citra kavi AMkI de che. kRSNanI dinacaryA kavi gAtA hoya ema kAvya gharALu rIte AraMbhAya che : jAgo jAgo re zAmaLA, jagAve jazodA mAta, ja! o re sahujana jAgiyA, jAgone hue prabhAta...

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narasiMha mahetA 147, pachI aneka gammato, ekameka pratyenA nirdoSa upadravo, mAMkaDAMnI koTe zaNagAra bAMdhavAnI ramato, e badhuM kRSNanI rAhabarI nIce cAle che. bapore sau jamavA bese che, temAM jamI jamADI pote jame hari haLadhara kero vIra', to vaLI bamaNuM te le vahAlo vaheMcatAM evuM paNa jovA maLe che. tyAM gAyo parvatanI UMcI sapATI (mALa) para AghI nIkaLI gaI. saue kahyuM ke kRSNa laI Ave, eno vAro che. pote gAyo vALavA nIkaLe che, UMce caDhI sAda kare che, tyAM ekAeka dUra koI anupama suMdarIne jue che, jenA tejathI tribhuvana mohI rahyuM che. to, kAvya A addabhuta kSaNa mATe zarU thayuM hatuM gAyo hIMDI govardhana bhaNI, jI re kSaNa eka lAgI vAra; vAro Avyo, prabhu, tama taNo, tamo vALone dInadayALa. kara geMDI laI UbhA thayA, ghADe svare bolAvI gAya; hIDe vRMdAvana zodhatA, cauda bhuvanano rAya. sIMcANI bagalI ne sArasI pArevI cAtora mora; pILI dhoLI ne kAjaLI bolAve naMdakizora. govardhana caDhI vahAle cIMtavyuM, dUra dIThI anopama nAra; teje tribhuvana mohI rahyAM jI re narakhe naMdakumAra. chellI cAra paMktiomAM svabhAvoktimAMthI adbhutamAM saMkramaNa, raMgaraMgI gAyonA surekha citra pachI alaukika saundaryavatInuM darzana, - gAyone bolAvavA sAda detAM gopabAlanI najara sAme vizvanA sArasarvasva jevuM ughaDatuM nArIrUpa, e narasiMhanI lIlayA pratyakSIkaraNa sAdhI zakatI zabdakalA-parama saralatAbharI zabdakalA-nI sAkSI pUre che. kRSNanI AMkhe rAdhAnuM-snehamayInuM vizvarUpadarzana AlekhatI paMktio bhavyatAnA AlekhananI narasiMhanI phAvaTano paNa paricaya karAve che. kAvyanuM A zikhara che. nehasaundaryanA sAkSAtkAranA citrathI have kAvya snehasAmarasyanI samAdhinA citra tarapha AgaLa vadhe che. doDI vahAlo pahoMcI vaLyA, pUchyuM. kenI tamo cho nAra?... cho re raMbhA ke re mohanI ke cho re AnaMda ke caMda"... nahIM re raMbhA nahIM ramAdevI, jI re nahIM AnaMda ke caMda; bhrakhubhAnanI kuMvarI chuM rAdhe, bALamukuMda. gokuLa-mathurA jAuM-AvuM ne zuM re thayA ajANa?" kavi pachI pIMchInA thoDAka lasarake baMnenI mUrtio khaDI karI de che. rAdhA

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148 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 kevI che to "mukha bharyuM enuM motIe. nayaNe kAjaLarekha. cUDI mudrikA ne berakhI, mukhe cAvaMtI taMboLa, vRndAvanamAM saMcaryA jI re sajIne zaNagAra soLa." ane kRSNa? mora mukuTa vahAle zira dharyo, makarAkRta kuMDaLa karNa. pItAMbara vahAle. paheriyuM, jANe upamA megha ja varNa. kesaranAM tilaka zira dharyo, paheryo gaLe guMjAno hAra, AvAM be moDhAmoDha AvI UbhAM. have? pAlava sAhyo pItAMbare : dANa Apa ne jAnI nAra. mukha ADo pAlava dharI rAdhA nA pADe che : mukha ADo pAlava grahI, tANyAM bhavAMnAM bANa; nayanakaTAkSe nihALIne bolI, prabhu, zAnAM mAgo cho dANa? nava re dIThuM, nava sAMbhaLyuM, jI re amane zAne viparIta? dANa mAMgo kevAM dUdhanAM, kahone kiyA te dezanI rIta? kRSNanI raMjADa hada vaTAve che : gaMgA ne jamunA vace jI re cokI bese Ada; mANasa joIne mAgIe re jevo mAla tevI re jakAta. sAMbhaLIne rAdhArANIe haiDe rIsa ANI paNa chabIle mohinI nAkhI tyAre e hAra ApuM haiDA taNo' evI taiyArI batAve che ane potAne moDuM thAya che ema kahI veNu vagADavA vinave che. kRSNa kyAM levA AvyA hatA? e to akhUTa ApavA AvyA hatA. kRSNajI pratye bolyAM rAdhikA, jI re khoTI thAuM chuM hAla. mana manAvone mAvajI, vAone veNA rasALa. kRSNajIe veNa vAIne jI re rAdhe kIdhAM raLiyAta. snehasamAdhimAM samarasa thayelAM rAdhAkRSNanI mUrti AgaLa kAvya pUruM thAya che. ramatiyALa zailImAM zarU thayeluM ane gatizIla citro ramatAM mUkatuM rAdhAnA vaizvika darzananuM ane rasasamAdhimAM lIna rAdhAkRSNanA AlekhananuM A kAvya narasiMhanI eka ujvala siddhi rUpa che. gAmaDAMnA azikSita janomAM lokapriya thayeluM, jIbhe caDheluM, A kAvya kadAca 'dANalIlA e aticavAI gayelA zIrSakane kAraNe athavA to jAgo, jAgo re

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narasiMha mahetA 149 jAdavA' jevA binapreraka AraMbhane kAraNe zikSita kAvyapremIonI najare eTaluM caDhyuM lagabhaga najara cukAvI gayuM che. nathI - 3. kRSNaprItinAM UrmigIto savA lAkha nahIM, to paNa khAssI moTI saMkhyAmAM kRSNa aMgenAM pado narasiMhe gAyAM lAge che. tenA be mukhya bhAga paDI jAya che. 1. zRMgAraprItinAM gIto ane 2. vAtsalyaprItinAM gIto. 'narasiMha mehatA kRta kAvyasaMgraha'mAM 'rAsasahasra padI' (189), 'vasaMtanAM pado' (116), 'zRMgAramALA' (541 pada) ane 'hIMDoLAnAM pada' (45) ApyAM che te zRMgAraprItinAM che ane zrI kRSNajanmasamAnAM pada' (11) 'zrI kRSNajanmavadhAInAM pada' (8) ane bALalIlA' (30 pada) e vAtsalya-prItinAM che. zRMgAra prItinAM UrmigIto - IcchArAma desAIe ApelAM gIto hastapratonI madadathI saMzodhita vAcanArUpe pachIthI rajU thayAM nathI. I. 1965mAM kezavarAma kA. zAstrIe hastapratonI madadathI 390 padanI saMzodhita vAcanA narasai mahetAnAM pada' zIrSakathI ApI che, jemAM 208 pado navAM che. bAkInAMno icchArAma desAI saMpAdita 'narasiMha mehatA-kRta kAvyasaMgraha'mAM kyA pada sAthe saMbaMdha che teno nirdeza, zakya hoya tyAM, temaNe karyo che. have pachInI carcAmAM jUnI lAgatI bhASAnAM avataraNovALo bhAga te ke.kA. zAstrInI vAcanAno pramANabhUta narasiMhakRtino aMza che, jyAre iccharAma desAInA saMpAdanamAMthI Apela avataraNovALo bhAga te niHzaMka pramANabhUta lekhavo muzkela che. evA aMza para AdhArita narasiMhanI kAvyapratibhAnI mulavaNInI vIgato aMge paNa e muzkelI rahevAnI.41 'rAsahasrapadI'nAM 189 padomAMthI ke. kA. zAstrIe bhAgavatanI rAsapaMcAdhyAyInA viSayakramamAM prathama rAsa, zrIkRSNano viraha, gopIonI virahavedanA, zrIkRSNa sAthe milana ane mahArAsanAM pado goThavI ApyAM che. eka saLaMga vRttAnta jevuM hovA chatAM dareka pada e chUTuM UrmiMgIta che. A gIto upara bhAgavatanI spaSTa mudrA che. veNunAdathI vIMdhAyelI vyAkuLa gopIo jutha malIne cAlI, jANe sAgarapUra'. paNa bhAninIne mAna ghaNuM' hatuM tyAM sudhI aMtaradhAna havA hira tatakSaNa vRMdAvana majhArya,' aMte 'kAminIne kRSNa malA jAre melyo abhimAna.' bhAgavatane anusarI narasiMha kRSNane mukhe kahAve che : zyAne kAje AvyAM sarave, zuM che tamAruM kAma ? pativratAno dharama nahIM, tame jAo tamAre ThAmya re.

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150 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 mohana kerAM vacana sAMbhalI, nIcuM joyuM bAlI re. mukha AgalI ne maMca vimAze : zuM kahe che vanamAlI re? (56) pachI gadgada kaMThe kahe che, "bhudara amane nahIM bhajo to tajazuM deha amArI re'. pariNAme "aMtara prItya bhaNI hari haziyA keTalAMya badhAM gIto parakIyAprItinA ughADA zRMgAranAM che. narasiMhane emAM koI kuMThA nathI : "saphala rajanI havI, AjanI anubhavI. suratasaMgrAme subhaTa sAthe malI... cauda bhuvanataNo nAtha meM vaza karyo... kesarI kAna sAhI nacAvyo." bhAgavatathI AgaLa vadhI, jayadevanI asara nIce, bhaktinirUpaNamAM sthUla zRMgArano Azraya levA tarapha narasiMhano jhoka dekhAya che. nabaLI cAturIonI yAda Ape evAM enAM keTalAMya gIto che. tema chatAM keTalAMka gIto UrminI nAjukAIthI, vakroktithI, eka jAtanI sahRdayatAthI jIvaMta banI rahe che. narasiMhanI saundaryanI-rasanI vibhAvanA sahajamAM sthUlatAne atikramI jAya che. kSitirasa tarazAkhAe prasaryo e eka gatizIla bhavyaramaNIya citraNa che. e pratIka dvArA narasiMha nirdeza che ke suMdarImAM akhila brahmAMDano amRtarasa vilasI rahyo che : kSitirasa tarUzAkhAe prasaryo, manasija nayaNe vasiyo re. rade bhAva kucamaMDala pUryA, Avo ratipati raziyo re. atalI bela vanaspati-nAthe UlaTapAlaTa kIdhuM. akhila brahmAMDa taNuM amRtarasa juvatIne vadane dIdhuM. narasiMhane suMdarInA rasanuM eka darzana che. jIvAtmA e gopI che. e sakhIbhAve paramAtmAne bhaje che. eno je saundaryarasa khIle che teno paramAtmA AsvAdanAro che. A rIte narasiMhanI dRSTie suMdarIno rasa e adhyAtmanA AviSkAranuM rUpaka che. vimukhanA yoga ke karmajaDanI tapasyA pAchaLa paDavAne badale narasiMha jIvAtmA ane paramAtmAnI samarasatAnAM guNagAna gAvAnuM pasaMda kare che. vasaMtala nimaMtraNanuM UrmigIta gujarAtI bhASAnuM eka uttama sarjana che. cAla ramIe. sahI, mela mathavuM mahI, vasaMta Avyo, vanavela phUlI. moriyA aMba, kokila kadaMba lave, kusuma kusuma rahyA bhramara jhUlI. cAla, nArasiyo raMgamAM aMga unamada haze, khohelA divasano aMga valaze. cAla0 (77) A kAvya racAtAM, tyAM sudhI mAtra vyavahAramAM ke adhakacarA kavipaNAmAM bhASAnA thayelA upayogano jANe ke khaMga vaLe che. vasaMtanA Agamanano ullAsa varNasagAI, AMtaRAsa ane "moriyA aMba kokila kadaMbamAM 'onAM punarAvartana

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narasiMha mahetA 151 ane sucAru layAndola dvArA pragaTa thaI jAya che. vasaMtanI matta vanalIlA AgaLa bhramaronI vAta haLavI laghuzrutionI yojanA dvArA prastuta thaI che. bhramarane jhUlatA to narasiMha ja dekhe-dekhADe ne? jANe ApaNe eno bhAra anubhavIe chIe. vasaMtanA kephanuM citra tyAM pUrNatAne pAme che. keTalI badhI indriyone AMkha (phulla velIo), ghrANendriya (mahorelA AMbA), kAna (kokilanAda), sparzendriya (jhUlatA bhramara)ne-. vasaMtAnubhavamAM kavie kAme lagADI dIdhI che! kyAranI kahuM chuM je" no gharALu anunaya jItI le evo che. eka prasaMga kavie bahu komaLatAbharyo kalpyo che. gopI kahe che ke kRSNa pAchalI rAtanA AvyA emaNe to vacana pALyuM paNa pote jAgI nahIM. zuM karuM re sakhI, huM na jAgI-'. re' mAM AkhuM hRdaya enuM jANe phATI paDe che. huM na jAgI'- e AtmAnI cIsa che. vidhivakratA to juo, enI rAha jotAM jotAM ja AMkha maLI gaI! enI pAse doDI jaI kSamApana karavA talase che. sakhI kahe. che, kadAcane bahAra ja tArA snehanI parIkSA karatA UbhA haze. paNa have e dhanyatA bhAgyamAM rahI che kharI? gopI kahe che ke mAre gAya dahovAnuM moDuM thAya have to. jIvane vaLagelI nAnInAnI saMsAravigato moTuM nAma ApavuM hoya to kaho ke kartavyapatha e have ene kyAM choDe ema che? - benI, UTha Alasa tajI, nAtha nathI gyA hajI, bArya UbhA haze heta jovA. dhanya re dhanya re, nArasiyo ema bhaNe, asUra thAze mAre dhena dovA. pAchalI (114) bIjA eka gIta-'kahAM jAuM re, veraNa rAta malI' (zuM. 104)mAM AratabharI gopInI mUMjhavaNa tIvrapaNe 2jU thaI che. rAta veraNa banI che. chatAM badhe tapAsa karI vaLI. kRSNa karyAMya nathI. chevaTe vAMsaLIno svara Avyo kRSNa chatA thayA. paNa maLavAnuM to thayuM nahIM ja. thAkIpAkI kAyA jaMpI gaI. veNusvara dvArA milana thayuM eTalo AnaMdalAbha. - kRSNanA manamAM pote niraMtara kema karIne vase e kAMI gopInI jevI tevI mUMjhavaNa nathI. khaMjana nayane jotI eka navala nArInuM AvavuM gopIone potAnuM adhikapaNuM zI rIte jaLavAze e aMge saciMta karI mUke che. eka suMdara bhAvaparisthitine narasiMhe surekhapaNe citrAMkita karI che. pAnaDI paToliye A koNa, bAI re, navala nArya koe dIze re?

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15ra gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 e Agalya ApaNe olapANAM, mArA vAlAjIne kyama gamaze re? pAnaDI mukha macharAla, mAnA ghaNuM dharatI, nAsA niramala motI re. nArasiyAcA svAmIne malavA. khaMjana nayaNe jotI re. pAnaDI (175) gopI mAninI thavA ghaNuMye manamAM icche che. "nahi boluM, nahi boluM, mArA vAlA, mAragaDe ma bolAvIza re." jAtane kahe che ke "ApaNapaNuM ApaNa-vaza hoya to vAla na vAMko thAya re. paNa esto muzkela che. verIDo vaze tana mAMhe re, 'vaNabole na revAe re' (123). koIvAra saraLapaNe ja enAthI nimaMtraNa daI devAya che : o dIse ghara mAhAruM, vAlA, dekhADuM Avo azuravArA jAtAMvaLatAM, maMdiriye ze nAvo? maMdira AgaLa thaIne jAjyo, vAMsalaDI vAjo. ghaDI adhaghaDI tyAM UbhA rahIne, ama zAmuM jojo. (154) koIvAra atyaMta AratabharI vinave che : ekavAra zAmuM juo mArA vAlA, mArA tanano tApa na jAye re; tamAre nayaNe amIya vaze, mArI navapAlava dehi thAe re. (173) pagamAM kAMTo vAgyo che evuM bahAnuM kADhI pote name che tene "tuM pramANa mAnaje evI vinaMtImAM komaLa anunaya che : paraNAma mAne re, mAro paraNAma mAne re, paganA kAMTA mA~ namI jAuM re mAro paraNAma mAne. (325) vanamAlI kRSNathI aLagAM rahyuM jatuM nathI eTale gopI kahe che, tane kusumanI mALA vaDe palaMganA pAyA sAthe bAMdhI rAkhIza. tane koNa choDAvaze? tAro guno nAno nathI. palaMgace pAole kusumamAlA vaDe bAMdhIza behu kara lAja lopI.. tuM vanamAlI, huM kusumaguNavelya, nIra na zIeM to zyAne ropI? (115) kRSNane to bhAvatuM jaDyuM na hoyA narasiMha pote vAraMvAra gopInuM je bahumAna kare che te ahIM kRSNamukhe karAve che. nahi koI kArya tama samovaDa suMdarI, jenI kusumamAlA vaDe huM baMdhAuM.

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narasiMha mahetA 153 huM vanamAlI, tuM kusumaguNavelya, zIMcuM re agrata draSTha karI. premanI vADa karuM tama pAkhalaiM, rAkhuM re samaratha bAMhe dharI. dhanya tuM suMdarI, dhanya tuM suMdarI, kusumamAla vaDe teM ja bAMdhyo. cauda bhuvana taNAM baMdhana choDavuM, na jANuM mohinI te kAMI maMtra sAdhyo. (116) narasiMha nArI-avatAranuM, nArIbhAve-sakhIbhAve prabhune bhajavAnA lahAvAnuM mukta kaMThe stotra lalakAre che : koNa puNya karI kArya huM avatarI, zrIhari dIna the mAna mAge. amara avagatya kahe, akala koe navya lahe, te kamalAvara kaMTha lAge. jaganajAge karI, jyogadhyAne dharI, bahu tapa AdarI hakaSTa, te mAMhe harine nimakha navya pekhiryuM. te hari nirakhirce prema-daSTa. (117) vaLI e saubhAgyane kavi gAya che : tribhuvana je pati, te pati tAharo, jonI tuM, bhAmanI, bhAgya tAruM. (zuM. 429). parabrahma govAlAze rame, jeneM jovA yogezvara dehi dama... jyogiyAce dhyAne nAviyo te to jananI jasodAne dhAviyo. moTe munivare nava jANiyo te to kAminI kara prahI tANiyo. (298) gopIno A bhAva, A saMbaMdha, ja judo che. pAchaLathI mIrAMbAImAM A vivAhasaMbaMdhanA udgAro maLe che. gopI kahe che : akhaMDa evAtana pAmI, e vara rUDo. nArasiyAco svAmI bhale maliyo, paherAvyo cUDo. (91). bhale paraNAvI, mAre harivara rUDo, akhaMDa paherAvyo cUDo re. (125) A "evAtanI janamajanamanuM che. A saMbaMdha mAtra A janmano nathI. "nahi hamaNAMnI. prItya che pahelI' (19), narasaiyAcA svAmIne saMga ramavuM, pelA te bhavanuM leNuM' (81), 'tamAre amAre pUrava saneha', - A "snehamAM bIjA sakala sneha gaLI jAya che. jyaNe, hari, tama-zuM dhariyuM dhyAna, tene upanuM bahmajJAna... jeNe, hari, tama-zuM dhariyo neha, vizarI gayA tene sakala saneha. (202) AthI "hari dIThaDe hari sarakhA thaIe ema kahI je dina dekhuM te dina lekhuM, bIjuM jIvuM bAlya paruM' (bIjuM jIvyuM te dUra bALaje) ema gopI kahe che. nAthamAM guNanI UNapa che (nAholo nirguNa re, nirguNa re, nirguNa, mArI

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154 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 bAI re... na rahe paragherya jAto')- e rIte nirguNa' (85) zabda vaparAyo che, paNa veda kahe e nirguNa, bAI re, teNe tamathI ame Taliye' (210) mAM nirguNabrahmano ullekha che. gopI kahe che ke "he kALA kahAnajI, tamane maluM to thAuM kAlI'. ema tame nirguNa cho tene ame maLIe to tamAre lIdhe ame to rahIe ja nahIM, tamArAmAM lopa pAmIe. "niraguNagAro nAholiyo re saguNa thayo re, janamanI koTAkoTa large vAlo ama zuM abolaDe rahyo re' (271) - e nirguNa brahmarUpa paramAtmA sAthe koTikoTi janmonA abolA hatA, paNa e saguNa thaIne ahIM AvyA che. eTale aMgo aMgya melAvazuM re.' A yoga, A saMyoga, aMgono raheto nathI, AtmAno che, have pharI janmavAnuM raheze nahIM, - e bahu sahaja rIte narasihe nirdayuM che : 'eka vAtanI ciMtA huMtI te mAre vAlejiye TAlI re, nArasiyAcA svAmI saMgya ramatAM nahi avatariye vAlI ' A saMbaMdha parakIyAno nathI, "mahAsatIno che, kema ke emAM deha to yAda paNa Avato nathI : nayaNe nayaNAM malI gayAM, huM chuM mAhAsatI re, .. vizarI dehagati re (36 7). mukti to gopIne mana dAsI che: "bhUtala avatAranuM phala eha, je mArA vAlAjIzuM dhariye saneha... mugata zarIkhI jene gherya dAsI' (364). gopI ane kRSNanA saMbaMdha aMgenAM narasiMhanAM gItomAMthI be pratinidhi gIta lekhI zakAya evAM che. eka gopIkRSNanA rasamaya darzananuM che : kesarabhInA kAnajI, kazuMbe bhInI nArya re, locana bhInAM bhAva-zuM UbhAM kuMja-duAra re. bemAM suMdara kehane kahiye.. (240) vizvane bAraNe jIvAtmA ane paramAtmA, premathI raMgAyelA, sAthe UbhA chee bemAM vadhAre suMdara kone kahIzuM? nAnuM amathuM vahAlabharyuM gIta sanAtana maMgalayugalane rasika rIte pratyakSa karAvI rahe che. bIjuM gIta gopInI lelIna dazAnuM che : bhoLI re bharavADaNa harine vecavA cAlI, soLa sahastra gopIno vahAlo, maTukImAM ghAlI. bhoLI.. govAlaNInA bhAgye pragaTyA aMtarajAmI; dAsalaDAMne lADa laDAve narasaino svAmI. bhoLI. (va.98) gopI eTalI badhI kaSNamaya che ke dahIM lo dahIM ema kahevAne badale "kRSNa

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narasiMha mahetA 155 lo kRSNa' kahI bese che. bhAgavatamAM nirUpita bhaktipratIkomAMnuM A eka romaharSaNa pratIka che. zrImad rAjacaMdra jevA AdhyAtmika puruSanA hRdayamAM vasI jaIne emanI prasannatAnA be zabdo e pAmyuM che : AjanA prabhAtathI niraMjanadevanI adbhuta anugrahatA prakAzI che; Aje ghaNA divasa thayAM IcchelI parAbhakti koI anupama rUpamAM udaya pAmI che. gopIo bhagavAna vAsudeva (kRSNacaMdra) ne mahInI maTukImAM nAMkhI vecavA nIkaLI hatI; evI eka zrImad bhAgavatamAM kathA che; te prasaMga Aje bahu smaraNamAM rahyo che. amRta pravahe che. tyAM sahastradala kamaLa che, e mahInI maTukI che; ane Adi puruSa temAM virAjamAna che te bhagavaMta vAsudeva che. tenI prApti sat puruSanI cittavRttirUpa gopIne thatAM te ullAsamAM AvI jaI bIjA koI mumukSu AtmA pratye, koI mAdhava lyo, hAM re koI mAdhava lyo,' ema kahe che, arthAt te vRtti kahe che ke AdipuruSanI amane prApti thaI ane e eka ja prApta karavA yogya che; bIjuM kazuMya prApta karavA yogya nathI; mATe tame prApta karo. ullAsamAM pharIpharI kahe che ke tame te purANapuruSane prApta karo; ane jo te prAptine acaLa premathI Iccho to ame tamane e AdipuruSa ApI daIe. maTukImAM nAkhIne vecavA nIkaLyAM chIe, grAhaka dekhI ApI daIe chIe. koI grAhaka thAo, acaLa preme koI grAhaka thAo, vAsudevanI prApti karAvIe. maTukImAM nAkhIne vecavA nIkaLyAno artha sahasradaLakamaLamAM amane vAsudeva bhagavAna maLyA che. mahInuM nAma mAtra che; AkhI sRSTine mathIne jo mahI kADhIe to mAtra eka amRta rUpa vAsudeva bhagavAna ja mahI nIkaLe che. evuM sUkSma svarUpa te sthULa karI vyAsajIe adbhuta bhaktine gAI che. A vAta ane AkhuM bhAgavata e ekane ja prApta karAvavA mATe akSareakSara bharapUra che; ane te amane ghaNA kALa thayA pahelAM samajAyuM che. Aje atismaraNamAM che. kAraNake sAkSAt anubhavaprApti che. ane ene lIdhe AjanI parama adbhuta dazA che. enI dazAthI jIva unmatta thaI gayA vinA raheze nahIM; ane vAsudeva hira cAhIne keTaloka vakhata vaLI aMtardhyAna paNa thaI jAya evA lakSaNanA dhAraka che; mATe ame asaMgatAne icchIe chIe.'42 'zRMgAramALA'nA eka pada (81)mAM dharaNIdharazuM lAgyuM mahAruM dhyAna re, mahIDuM vIsarI gayuM, lo koI kahAna re' e citra ApI aMte yogya rIte ja narasiMha kahe che -Apa sarIkhaDI vahAle kIdhI AhIra re.' lelInatAthI gopI sAyujyabhAva saheje pAmI zakI che. narasiMha je gopI-kRSNanA bhAvanI vAta kare che te mukhyatve A AtmA

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156 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 52mAtmA vaccenA premanI che. 'anubhatiyA rasa mANe' (193) ema kahI premabhaktinAM anubhaviyAMnuM e mahattva kare che. suratasaMgrAmanuM rUpaka AtmA-paramAtmAnI parama rasalInatAnuM sUcaka lekhavuM rahe che. enI cAturIo'mAM sthUla varNano narasiMhane hAthe paNa thayAM che. keTalAMka gItomAM paNa evuM jovA maLaze. tema chatAM narasiMhanAM kAvyatva sudhI pahoMcatAM gItomAM - enA prAtibha udgAromAM adhyAtmacaryAnAM IMgito AgaLa tarI AvyA vagara rahetAM nathI. adhyAtmasAdhakomAM gopIne e Adarza tarIke jue che ane tethI kahe che : gopIpadaraja sira dharuM' (68) evI gopIo paNa vAMsalaDInI adekhAI kare che tyAre e vAlAne vAlI ghaNuM' zI rIte thaI e samajAvatAM kahe che ke meM kapAvyuM mAruM aMga, zaMghADe jai caDhI re,' mAMhe zAra paDAvyA sAta', meM to dIdhAM dehIne duHkha, tame dIdhAM nahIM re', aMte e enAM tapa zIkho' evo gopIone anurodha kare che (248). gopInI jema dareka vaiSNave snehamArgI thaI hiramAM ja kharo abhilASa sevavAno che. hirarasa koeka jANe, bIjA manya zahu abhimAna ANe; vaiSNava te je snehamAragI, hirazuM kharo abhilAkha' (324). hirarasamAM mAto hoI narasaiMyo premabharANo re' (23), 'narasiMyo bhavasAgara jhIle, premanI pAje" (105). sau zarIradhArIne narasiMha nimaMtraNa Ape cheH nArasiyAcA svAmI e 2sa UMDo, bharI levo ghaTa kAce re. (177) zRMgAra - Urmiko kAvya tarIke sakhIbhAvanI aneka bhAvaparisthitione mUrta karatAM vipula saMkhyAmAM racAyelAM zRMgAraprItinAM gItomAM narasiMhano hradayarasa Utaryo che. keTalAMka to bhAva, laya, zabdabhaMgI e badhAne kAraNe bhASAnI saMpattirUpa banyAM che ane peDhI dara peDhI lokakaMThe gavAtAM rahyAM che. keTalAMka gItonA upADa ja aMtargata saundaryadIptine kAraNe manorama che : - -mAro nAtha na bole bola, abolAM marIe re. -mAre deha dharyAnuM phaLa eha, lahAvo darzanano. -vahAle koNa veLA koNa vAra kAmaNa kIdhuM re. --laTako tAro lAkha savAno, marakalaDAMnuM mUla nahIM. -cheDalo na tANa mArA chAlano, chelapaNuM mela mahArA vAlA. -mane kRSNa jovAnA koDa, sahiyara cAlo re. -keNI pere bharIe AchAM nIra re jamanAne Are vAlA? -Aja mAre divALI divALI, ghera AvyA zrIvanamALI re. -bAI, mAre zoNuM ke sAcuM? -nAma na jANuM paNa che kALo,

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narasiMha mahetA 157 o jAye, o jAye, ko pAcho vALo. -nahi meluM naMdanA lAla, cheDalo nahi meluM. -mane roke che kAnavara dANI re, nahi jAu jamanA pANI re. ekavAra jamanA pANI re gyAM'tAM vahAlA, mArI sAthe saiyara samANI re. -tArI moralIe mana mohyAM re, vRMdAvana moralIvAlA. -vahAlA mArA vRMdAvana re coka ke vahelA padhArajo re lola. -sakhI AjanI ghaDI raLiyAmaNI re, mAro vahAlojI AvyAnI vadhAmaNI. -gokuLa vahelA padhArajo, mathurA jAo to mArA sama re lAla, gokuLa0 -ze na sarajI tArA vadananI vAMsaLI, je adharaamRtarasa pAna karate, -khama khema re cAMdalA, ma karIza vahANaluM. -iMdu utAvaLo thA rakhe AkaLo, AjanI rAtya kara prAta moDuM. -kAnajI kAnajI karatI hIMDe vRMdAvanamAM gopI re. -zyA mATe, zAmaliyA vAlA, zAna karI vanya teDI re? -ama sAmuM ze juo mArA vahAlA? -ANI veLA ze AvyA mArA vahAlA, maMdira nahi ughADuM re. -nAnakaDI nAnakaDI gopI ThamaThamatI ThamakALI re. -hIDoLe hIMce mAro vahAlo, hIMcatAM raMga lAgyo re. -TalatA ne TalatA zuM hIMDo mArA vAlA ? -mathurAM saMghAte teDagra mArA vAlAjI, mathurAM saMghAte teDya; nahi re jAvA dauM, rAkhuM re prANe, ama upara ratha kheDaya. -nahi jAuM sarovara pANIDAM, mAragaDe naMdalAla maLe. -prItaDI baMdhANI te meM jANI, AMkhaDI amIe bharANI. -kRSNa kRSNa sau kahezo, paNa amo govALIDo sahu kahezAM re. -haLave haLave haLave harajI, mAre maMdira AvyA re. -Aja mArAM nayaNAM saphaLa thayAM, joyA nAthane narakhI. -pharuM chuM mAthe nAkhI cheDo. lAgyo re mane naTavarazuM neDo. -vAye vAye re dakSaNa kerA vAyarA, abaLA lahere jAya. -mArA managamatA mahArAja, mAre ghera Avone. -karanakha rAtA kAminInA re rAtA adhara sudata. -dhanya dhanya gokuLiyuM gAma re, mAre vahAle karyo vizrAma re. -mAruM vRMdAvana che rUDuM, vaikuMTha nahi AvuM. -nahIM AvuM naMdajInA lAla, nahIM AvuM.

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158 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa- 1 upADa jeTalA rasika che teTalI samagra kRti javalle ja hoya che. kaho ke gItanI A aMtargata muzkelI paNa che. Akho pratibhA-vega jANe gItanA upADamAM kharacAI jato na hoya. kvacita ja AkhI kRti eka pachI eka anivAryapaNe AvatI paMktionI nirmAI hoya che. tema chatAM, upADamAM paNa keTalIkavAra bhAvapudgala laya ane zabdanI sacoTatA dvArA evo surekha vyakta thaI jato hoya che ke e eka saceta ghaTaka jevo banI rahe che. narasiMhanA gIta-upADa sakhIbhAvanI keTakeTalI chaTAone nirdeza che! koI ekamekathI viruddhanI paNa haze. ekavAra gopI chaNako kare che, mArA chAyalano cheDo tANIza mA ane bIjIvAra pote ja kahe che, nahi meluM naMdanA lAla cheDalo nahi meluM. prItanI e rIta, enI aneka najAkato sAthe, narasiMhanI gItavANImAM chatI thAya che. narasiMhanA gIta-upADa samUhagAna mATe pachInA madhyakAlIna ke arvAcIna Adhunika kavionA gIta-upADa karatAM vadhu saraLa ane rasamAM kheMce evA che. pachInA kavio upara narasiMhanuM RNa jevuMtevuM nathI e paNa joI zakAze, khAsa karIne dayArAma upara. narasiMhanAM gItonI nahi jAu jamanA pANI', AvaDo zo AsaMgo re?" "kAmaNa tArI kIkImAM re, neNa nacAve', mAruM mana mohyuM mohanazuM', "chAno sneha, to mITho lAge, pragaTa thaye pata jAye re', 'mAre ghera Avo to', "vAgI vAMsaLI ne korI mArI pAMsaLI jo', "zerI vaLAvuM sohAmaNI mArA vAlA re, phUlaDiyA veruM nita', vRndAvana che rUDuM, vaikuMTha nahi AvuM - jevI upADanI vigatonA paDaghA, vagere kyAreka sucAru paMktio, viSaya, mAMDaNI, bhAva, Adi uparAMta AlekhananI vigatonA kyAreka sucAru zabdAttaromAM dayArAmamAM maLaze. 'amone vaLagADyAM vRkSanI DALa jevAmAM mIrAM nA bAI meM to pakaDI AMbaliyAnI DALanuM pUrvarUpa saMbhave. manano melApI re, ghaTe nahi tamane re' -jevAMnuM rAjemAM anuraNana maLaze. premabhaktinuM varadAna pAmanAra narasiMhanI bhAvasaghanatA aMge ane gIta jevaDI laghuka racanAmAM bhavyatAno saMsparza vAraMvAra karAvavA aMge yAda ApanAra premabhakti' upanAma-dhArI kavi nAnAlAlamAM narasiMhanI asaro jovI rasika thaI paDaze. panotuM pagaraNa kAramuM AviyuM (vivAha 13) mAM narasiMha "kAramuM zabda vApare che e rItano nAnAlAlamAM e zabdano upayoga maLe che. nAnA nAnA paDaghA bAda karatAM, keNI pere bharIe AchAM nIra re' no pANIDAM kema bharIe?" mAM prabhAva joI zakAze ane "haLave hAthe te nAtha mahIDAM valovajo' e narasiMharAve batAveluM che tema narasiMhanI kRtinuM RNI che. cheka hamaNAMnA kavi zrIdharANInA jhaMjhAvAta' kAvyano upADa "bhAMgo bhogaLa!

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narasiMha mahetA 159 bhAMgo bhogaLA kholo bArIbAraNAM spaSTa narasiMhanA "bhAMgo bhogaLa! bhAMgo bhogaLa! bhAMgo bhogaLa sAmaLiyA re (hArasamenAM pada 43) no RNI che. saMbhava che narasiMhe paNa potAnA samaya sudhInI gItaparaMparAmAMthI keTaluMka apanAvyuM hoya. saMbhava che hastapratono jene AdhAra na ja maLe evuM keTaluMka tenI pachInA koIthI racAyeluM hoya. paNa lokajIbhe ramatI gujarAtI bhASAnI Aja sudhInI kula gItakavitAsaMpattino pAyo narasiMhanirmita che ema kahevAmAM bhAgye ja atyukti thaze. gujarAtI bhASAnA kRSNaviSayaka vipula padasAhityanuM pUruM hArda narasiMhanAM padonA pUrvaparicaya vinA hAthamAM AvavuM zakya nathI. narasiMhanAM gItomAM UrmisaundaryanA phuvArA jANe UDe che. jhAMjharano jhamakAra keTalAMya badhAM gItone bharI de cheH "rAsasahastra padI' nAM 8 thI 24, 134, 13940, 142 thI 145, 15051, 178, 180 thI 184 mAM 'jhamakate jhAMjhare cAlatI "puriyAM ThamakAvatI gopInuM varNana che. nepurakiMkiNI' thI narasiMhanA kAna bharelA che. e badhA, moTe bhAge to, ThAlA ThamakAra ke jhAjhA jhamakArano raMga vALI de evuM eka hRdayaMgama citra zRMgAramALA' (29)mAM maLI rahe che. nepUra madharAte jhamakyAM. nAnakaDuM nagara AkhuM jAgI UThyuM. jAgyuM tyAre eNe zuM joyuM? koI dhADa paDI na hatI. atyAre zabda keTaluM badhuM kAma ApI chUTe che! nAnakaDA nagara para eka anokhuM AkramaNa saundarya-AnaMdanuM AkramaNa thayuM che. jhAMjharano jhamakAranI ramaNIya anubhUti nagarane thaI enuM camatkRtiyukta citra narasiMha be paMktimAM AMkI de che: sakhI, tArAM nepura re, suMdara vAgatAM re, vAgyAM vAgyAM mahAjama rAta; nAnuM sarakhuM nagara re, sUteluM jAgiyuM re, jAgyuM tyAre jhAMjharano jhamakAra. rAsasahastrapadI'mAM camakatI cAla, aDapaDiyALI AMkha, caMpAvaraNI coLI, ghUMghaTaDo gorIno, mukhanAM marakalaDAM, vRMdAvana zAmaliyo vahAlo, dhanya dhanya dahADo Ajano, e eka ke vadhu gItonA viSaya bane che. 'vasaMtanAM padamAM ane zRMgAramALAmAM paNa e ja rIte vasaMtamAsa, mohanamukha, dANalIlA, rAsa, aMboDalo, cAMdalo, mahI valoNuM, moralInI mohinI, mathurAvAsI kRSNane patrasaMdeza-vagere viSayo che. kharuM jotAM viSayaprasaMga game te hoya, bhAva ghaNuM kharuM gopInA Arta hRdayanI abhIpsAno che. kavi tarIke narasiMhanI zakti bhAvane layasUjha ane zabdasAmarthya dvArA pratyakSa karAvavAmAM rahelI che. upADanI paMktimAM paNa eno paricaya maLI jAya che. kSitirasa taruzAkhAe prasaryo ke 'vasaMta Avyo vanavela phUlI' e varNanamAM ke "navala nAryanI chabImAM ke "jAgyuM tyAre jhAMjharano jhamakAra' e camatkRtinardezamAM

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160 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 narasiMhanI citraNazakti uttamarUpe pragaTa thatI jovA maLe che. bIjI paNa keTalIka kRitio citrAMkananA suMdara namUnArUpa che. atyaMta lokapriya thayeluM evuM citra "mehulo gAje ne mAdhava nAce' (hIM-3) megha-mAdhavanI saMgIta-nRtyanI jugalabaMdhInuM che. aruNodaya layabaddha vigato dvArA tAdaza thAya che : aruNa ude havo pUrava dizA thakI, teja tArAtaNuM khINa dIze, dIpakayota te khINa thaI, vAlA, vacha dhavarAvAne dhanya haze. lalita) ati suMdarI lalita AlApatI, gherya dadhimaMthanaghoSa thAe. zabada sohAmaNA Avajaya ati kare, surabhizItala te pavana vAe. kamala vikazI rahyAM, madhupa UDI gayA, kurakuTA bole, piyu... (103) prabhAtanuM Agamana gopInA bhAvamAM raMgAIne vAhaNelAM vAyAM, tamAre ozIke mArAM cIra caMpAyAM' (1.96) AdimAM varNavAya che te anokhuM che ane yogya rIte ja lokahaiye - lokajIbhe vasI gayuM che. vajano vihArI "amo ghera prAhuNalo re (zuM. 20), e samaye hAM re zuM zA zA sajuM zaNagAra?' - ema gopI vicAre che. ane pote ja uttara Ape che : mAMga samAruM re, sajanI, motIe re, cAMdalIo mAguM re mahArAja. seMthI upara motInI sera pote camakAvaze ane pachI pote ja sva-rUpanA e khyAle evI AnaMdamAM AvI jAya che ke cAMdalA mATe mAgaNI karI rahe che-cAMdaliyA vagara kadAca nahIM cAle-evuM vaizvika rUpa UghaDyuM che. mAMgathI kheMcAI AvatuM kriyApada mAguM mAgaNInA eka sAnaMda sukumAra upacArathI kRtinI bhAvavAhitAne savizeSa uThAva Ape che. sAmAnya rIte evI chApa paDe che ke koI AyAsa vagara, sahaja rIte, narasiMha citra uThAve che : kALA kamakhAnI mArI kAMcaLI ne upara pharatA bakhiyA re, vRMdA te vanamAMhe hari maLyA, mArA pUrava janamanA lakhIA... rAtA rezamanI mArI oDhaNI ane vacavaca dhoLo dhAgo re. (zuM. 46) e ja gItamAM, vichoDAyelI gopIonuM citra "gokuLathI mathurA gayA kAMI amane Are mUkI re e pUruM vedhaka che. gopInI rAha jovAnI prakriyA eka paMktimAM nirUpAI che :

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narasiMha mahetA 16 1 kSaNa AMgaNe kSaNa maMdiramAMhe kSaNakSaNa AvuM dvAra re. (zuM. 192) dadhimaMthananuM citra matta gatizIla che : gAje gAje re gorasagoLI, sirathI cIra khasI gayuM re caturAnI caLake coLI. (ze. 61) mahI mathatAM paNa 'gopI goviMdanA guNa gAtI' hAthathI netaruM tANe re." tyAM kRSNa - bhAva bhAmanIno jANIne pAchaLa AvI UbhA re, bhaNe narasaiyo nAtha nihALe, zuM kahIe e zobhA re? (zuM. 473) AvA dAkhalAmAM kAMI upamA ApyA vagara ja camatkRti sAdhI che, to kyAreka zAstrIya rIte baLe upamA paNa goThavI de cheH "suMdaravadana vidhu kumuda kamalApati, jaDitra ciMtAmaNi hemaratna' (zuM. 425). koIvAra zAstrIya rIte, kavisamaya pramANe apAtI, upamAno pote virodha paNa kare che : suMdarInAM nayanasamAM nahi nayaNAM, kavijana kuraMga jamalameM ANe. bApaDA vanacara rahe vana mAMhe, karI kaTAkSa zuM jANe ? (206) to kokavAra rIti kAvyanI rIte paNa varNana kare che : caMda gavaMda bhoyaMga kariga siMgha ekavAza vasatA re. nArIe jItyA paMca balavaMtA, dUra gayA lAja maratA re. cAMdalo gagana gayo, bhoyaMga pAtAla rahyo,saMghamRga-gaja vana trAdha re. (10) zRMgAramALAmAM pIMchInA ekAda (akSarazaH eka athavA ardha) lasarakAthI thatAM aneka citrAMkano che: "lacI-zI caturA UbhI' (468), netra bharIbharI pIdho re (449), "enA ura para nAce mora' (493), "vATa maroDI jAye re 5), 'rahI na zakuM mArA tana mAMhe ra5), "phUlI kalI aMga na mAya re (2) "zaNagaTaDo saMkoruM re (26), yauvana mAruM lahere jAye' (37), hIDuM moDAmoDare' (8), "avaLo aMboDo vALe re' (109), cAMdalo tape re lalATa' (327), "cAMdalo ghUMghaTamAM jhalake (329), "mukhazuM mukha malI kalI zuM kalI' (365). chellA dAkhalA jevAmAM svarayaMjanasaMkalanAnuM jAdu paNa umerAya che.

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16 2 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa - 1 bolacAlanA prayogathI narasiMhanAM gIto bahu sajIva banyAM che. kAka Adi umerI kRtinI rasavAhitA vadhAravA mATe narasiMha gujarAtIbhASIonI jillA para ramatA prayogono pUro kasa kADhyo che. sAdo eka prazna koI che re mathurA jAya (536) "che je' ne badale "che re' yojavAthI Arata pragaTa karavAmAM khUba kAryakSama nIvaDe che. huM ne UbhI'tI re' (159) mAM ane vyAkaraNadaSTie vadhArAno bhale lAge, ahIM gopInI sajjatA - vhI-saMkoca pragaTa karavA mATenI kAvyArthakSamatA dharAve che. pAche ne Dagale re (107)mAM ethI taddana UlaTuM 'tarata pAche pagale evo bhArasUcaka e zabda nIvaDe che. citronI tAdRzatAmAM kriyApado-kRdaMtono sAro evo phALo cheH "masamasato maMdira Ave' (98), "bhAvatuM bhAvatuM pAuM re' (19), cAMpI cuMbana detI re' (446), bhAtI maMgaLa gAuM re (447), gamatuM gamatuM karIe re' (447), reNI vihANI' (147), "managamato meM macako kIdho'(10).. vaLagAjhUmI tame nA karo re' jevAmAM kriyApadanAma bolacAlamAMthI upADyuM athavA banAvyuM lAge che, neNAM nidrAlavAmAM vizeSaNa saMskRta parathI banAvyuM che. ochA mANasanI prIta karatAMmAM halakAnI avejamAM "ochA' khUba asarakAraka che. ke. kA. zAstrInA saMpAdanamAM maLatAM "bAI re bharavADa' (136) ke "hAMu re bAI' (193) jevAM saMbodhanomAM kavinA samayamAM pracalita, ke tenA AgavA, suMdaralahekAo jovA maLe che. vAtsalyaprItinAM UrmigIto - kRSNa gopIonA vallabha, tevA jasodAnA lADakavAyA. kRSNa jema zRMgAprItinuM tema vAtsalyaprItinuM paNa bhAjana che. kRSNagopInA rasarAsane sImA nathI, paNa enI pazcAdbhUmAM bALakRSNanI lIlAnI eka vatsala sRSTi rahelI che. bhAgavatakAre kArAgRhamAM bALaka kRSNanA janmanI, devakI pAsethI khaseDI gokuLamAM jasodAne khoLe soMpaNInI, kRSNane hAthe aneka rAkSasonA nAzanI kathAo ApI che. vRMdAvananI rAsalIlAnI vAta te pachI Ave che. narasiMhe bhAgavatane anusarI "zrIkRSNa janmasamAnAM padAnI racanA karI che. koI graMtha zarU karavo hoya ema AraMbha thAya che. "zrI gurune praNAma karIne varNavuM zrI jadurAya, zrIkRSNanI lIlA sAMbhaLatAM pAtika dUra paLAya'. A agiyAra padonI kRti "kRSNalIlAnI che. kaMsano trAsa vadhI jatAM bhUmino bhAra utAravA viSNu taiyAra thAya che. vasudeva-devakInAM lagna vakhate AkAzavANI thAya che ke temano AThamo putra mAmA kaMsano nAza karaze. vasudeva kRSNane jamunA oLaMgI gokuLamAM naMdaghera soMpI Ave che. kaMsa putanAne ane anya rAkSasone kRSNano nAza karavA mokale

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narasiMha mahetA 163 che. dasa padamAM bhAgavatanA cha adhyAyano mathitArtha ApI daI, chellA agiyAramAM kaDavAmAM badhA rAkSasono nAza karyAnuM saMkSepamAM varNana karI, kaMse akrUra sAthe mathurA teDelA kaSNa kaMsano vadha kare che ane tenuM vera levA AvelA jarAsaMghane sattaravAra bhagADI mUkI aDhAramIvAra Avyo tyAre yAdavakuLane dvArakA laI javAnuM vicArAya che, tyAM sudhInI kathA kavi prastuta kare che. narasiMhanI lAkSaNikatAno anubhava kyAMka kyAMka, khAsa karIne chellA padamAM, thAya ja che. jamanAe kRSNane gokuLa laI javA mArga dIdho paNa kRSNanI padaraja pAmavAno ene orato thAya e svAbhAvika che. gabharAIne pitAe emane UMcA lIdhA, paNa pote pitAne dabAvIne jamunAnA jaLane padaraja levA dIdhI : jema tema karIne padaraja pAmuM. ahIM thaI jadupati jAya re, -dhAyuM nIra, kuMvara lIdho re UMco, tyAre prabhue cAMpyA pAya re. mathurAnuM parAkrama zabdomAM hUbahU AlekhAyuM che : pahelI poLe mAryA paryaTane, pachI lIdhI kubajAnI arcA re; bIjI poLe mAryA gajane, trIjI poLe malla masaLyA re. cothe mahArathI jhAlyo mAmAne, bAMhe jhAlI bahAra kADhyo re; lAva, pApI, mArAM mAtapitAne! kaMTha jhAlI kaMsa pachADyo re. A laghu kRtimAM narasiMha kRSNa kaMsane mAryo athavA to te yAdavakuLane dvArAmatI laI gayA tyAM sudhInI kathAne kRSNalIlA tarIke prastuta kare che. kRti AkhyAnakalpa che. bhAlaNa, premAnaMda AdinA dazamaskaMdha paNa AkhyAna karatAM padamAlArUpa vizeSa che, tevo narasiMhano paNa A, kaho ke, saMkSipta dazamaskaMdha che. "kRSNa janmavadhAInAM pada' mAMthI chellA AThamAno upADa AkarSaka cheH "nAnuM sarakhuM gokuLiyuM mAre, mAre vAhAle vaikuMTha kIdhuM re." bALalIlAnAM trIsa padamAM keTalAMka narasiMhanI pratibhAnI mudrAvALAM gIto che. paheluM ja gIta, jene aMte bALalIlA racI eNI rIte'-mAM kRtinA nAmano ullekha che, teno AraMbha nArasiMhA chaMdalahekAvALo che; naMdanuM AMgaNuM parama raLiyAmaNuM sadAe sohAmaNuM kRSNa kIdhuM. kyAMka svabhAvokti vAchaDAnuM pUcha grahIne UThI Ubho thAya re' (7) jevAmAM maLe che. gopIo ane bhoLAM jazodA mAtA vaccenI mIThI vaDhavADanuM gIta jazodA

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164 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa -1 tArA kAnuDAne sAda karIne vAra re'- enI svabhAvokti ane vrajanArIo je rIte jUThI paDe che te camatkRti-(kRSNa jazodAnA gharamAMthI bahAra nIkaLe che)ne lIdhe yogya rIte ja lokapriyatA pAmyuM che. bALaka ramavA mATe pelo cAMdaliyo' mAge che tenuM gIta loka-lADIluM banyuM o pelo cAMdaliyo, AI, mune ramavAne Alo; nakSatra lAvIne, mAtA, mArA gajavAmAM ghAlo. rue ne rAtaraDo thAye, cAMdA sAme jue : mAtA re jazodAjI, harinAM AMsuDAM luve. lokanAM anerAM bALaka, ghelo tuM kAM thAe? cAMdo AkAze vahAlA, te kema levAye? vADakAmAM pANI ghAlI, cAMdaliyo dAkhyo, narasaiyAno svAmI zAmaLiyo raDato tava rAkhyo. (16) govardhanagirino bhAra lAgaze-TacI AMgaLIe trasaka nAMkhaze, tuM tAre paravata mUka pAcho dharaNI'-ema mAtRsahaja ciMtA karatI jazodA "sahu raheze tema ApaNa rahezuM--evuM kahe che tyAM vyavahAru gujarAtI samAjanI parAkramaparADamukhatAnI maraze'- haze-vRttino dhAgo pragaTa thaI jAya che (18). bALalIlAnuM uttama gIta che nAgadamananuM. jaLakamaLathI thato eno AraMbha ja saundarya para jenI dRSTi TharelI che evI pratibhAnA purAvAsamo che. bALakanuM parAkrama che, paNa parAkramanI kazI dhAMdhala, UMco zvAsa, AyAsa, kAMI ja nathI. bahu ja sahaja rIte, ramatavAta hoya ema,-daDUlo doTAvatA hatA evI ja A paNa bALakrIDA hoya ema, nAganuM damana thAya che. saMvAdanuM rUpa ApavAthI A zakya banyuM che. jAne' (narasiMhathI nAnA kavine A ne? umarevAnuM sUjhayuM na hota) mAMno kAku AkhI paristhitine - AkhA citrane spaSTa karI rahe che. pelo khasato nathI. ene dekhatAM ja Azcaryavispharita AMkhothI nAgaNe enI tarapha joyuM haze - ane tyAM ja eNe bhAgI javuM joItuM hatuM, paNa DaghAyA vagara dhITapaNe A to Ubho che e joI (ane tyAM ja nAgaNane amaMgaLanI AzaMkA AvI gaI) anurodhapUrvaka bALakane bhayabhIta karavA e bole che. tyAM sAmethI pote ja, jugaTu ramatAM nAganuM zISa hAryo chuM eTale te levA Avyo chuM - kahI, tene apAra bhayamAM nAkhI de che. daMDa pachI nAgaNa bheda ane sAmano Azaro le che. nA, nA, Avo rUDo, koDabharyo bALaka to ciraMjIva rahevo joIe - e sUcanamAM sAma che, ane tArI mAne keTalA

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narasiMha mahetA 165 dIkarA che- tane kema aLakhAmaNo karIne maravA dhakelyo che?- emAM bheda che. sAma dAma bheda daMDamAMthI traNa nAkAmayAba jatAM, nAgaNI dAmano Azaro le che ne savA lAkhano hAra ApavA taiyAra thAya che. bALakRSNanI dhIra-tA, ane AtmavizvastapaNuM nAgaNa tAre corI zida karavI paDe?- e sukumAra praznamAM che. AkhI kRtinI ibArata narasiMhanI kAvyapratibhAne sahaja evA aucityathI bharelI che, jeno nAgane sUto rAkhavo ane pachIthI, bALaka chAnomAno cAlyo na ja jAya to, jagADavo - evI saMkalpanA e paNa eka namUno che. 'beu baLiyA'mAM 'beu' zabda dvArA lAMbA varNanamAM paDyA vagara, bAlaka balavattAmAM bhalabhalA nAgano samoviDayo che e sUcavI dIdhuM, e vAta to gRhIta ja che e ThasAvI dIdhuM. beu bAthe vaLagyA tyAre kRSNanA parAkramanuM mApa e jene vaza karI rahyA che te pratispardhInAM akaLAmaNa ane phUMphADAno khyAla ApavA dvArA maLI rahe te mATe kavi kheDusamAjanA paricayanI gagana gAje hAthiyo' (AkAzamAM gAjatA hastanakSatra)nI upamA yoje che. je prasaMgamAM chevaTe vilApa ane vinaMtIthI nAgaNe nAga choDAvyo teno AraMbha nAgaNanA eka jANe ke abudhapaNe mRtyumukhamAM dhasI AvatA bALakano jAna bacAvavAnA (pachI bhalene svahitanI dRSTie) prayatnathI thAya emAM paNa eka jAtanI vakratA (AyuranI) che. narasiMhanAM lokahRdaye vaselAM gItomAMnuM A eka che ane gujarAtI bhASAnuM eka ghareNuM che. A prasaMga judI judI bhASAomAM aneka nAmI-anAmI kavione mukhe gavAyo che. paNa narasiMhanuM A gIta eTaluM badhuM lokapriya nIvaDyuM che ke narasiMha pachI thayelA sUradAsanA 'sUrasAgara'mAM ene vrajabhASAno avatAra maLe che. nimADI bolImAM lokagIta rUpe ane mAravADImAM guNasAgarasUrinI kRti tarIke e maLe che.4 narasiMhanI kRti eka saMgheDAutAra kalAkRti che. bAlakRSNa aMge eka vahAlabharyuM gIta che, je AkhI kRSNa-bALalIlAnuM digdarzana karAvavA chatAM haLavI svabhAvoktirUpa rahe che ane ethI lokakaMThe vasyuM cheH jAgane jAdavA kRSNa govALiyA, tuja vinA dhenamAM koNa jAze? traNaso ne sATha govALa ToLe maLyA, vaDo re govALiyo koNa thAze? (bha.14) naMda-naMdana kRSNa ke gopikA-vallabha kRSNa e zIya vasa ( bipi dravya ) che teno kAMIka khyAla to gokula AMbo moryo' e bhavyalalita rUpaka dvArA uddagArAyelA AnaMdagAnamAMthI maLaze : cAlo, cAlo, sakhI, jovAne jaIe, zrIgokuLa AMbo moryo. sahasra zAkhya lAgI eNe AMbe, tribhovana chAhyA dharI rahyo. cAlo

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16 6 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 jAdavakula vasudeve vAviyo, udarya devakIne ugiyo. thANuM deIne naMdaghara ANyo, jasomatInapayodhara zIciyo. cAlo zolasahasa kokila kalarava kare, indra lage ghaNuM memayo). zeSanAganI veNya zAMcaryo. tribhovana chAyA dharI rahyo.cAlo. dra amarIkha rAjA rukamAMgada prahalAde ghaNuM veDyo. bhaNe nArasiyo sevAnAM phala vaiSNavane rade ramI rahyo. cAlo. (8) soLa sahasa kokila kalarava kare - e gopIonuM varNana (sUcana) eka sAthe lalita ane bhavya che. payodharano zleSa bhalene acinita paNa arthapUrNa che. narasiMha mahetA kRta kAvyasaMgrahamAM A kRti maLe che. pariziSTa-1, pada-5), paNa eno eka bIjo pATha paNa emAM (rAsasahasa padI, pada-537) che, jenI chellI paMkti noMdhapAtra che-bhaNe narasaiyo AMbo saphaLa phaLyo, vrajanArIe AMbo veDyo re. kRSNa rUpI AMbAnI saphaLatA phaLavAmAM nahIM, vrajanArIthI veDAvAmAM che. 4. bhaktijJAnanAM Urmiko -pariNataprajJAnI prasAdI gopALakaSNa sAthenA bhAvAtmaka saMbaMdhane pratIka tarIke yojIne premabhaktinA gIto narasiMhe ApyAM che, te uparAMta paNa bhaktijJAnanAM pado eNe racyAM che, jemAM paramAtmA (kRSNa paramAtmA)nI bhakti nirdezI che ane adhyAtmajIvana aMge sAmAnya jJAnaupadeza ApavA uparAMta paramajJAnanI bhUmikAnI jhAMkhI karAvI che. narasiMhanA A AkhA bhaktijJAnanA kAvyakalApa mATe mudrAmaMtra jevI enI koI paMkti hoya to te che: "jyAM lagI AtamA tattva cInyo nahIM, tyAM sudhI sAdhanA sarva jUThI'. | sAmAnya saMsArI jIvanamAMthI jIva UMco uThAvI bhagavAnanI tarapha abhimukhatA keLavavA aMgenAM enAM thoDAMka pado che. bane ke evAM padonI keTalIka sAmagrI pracalita loka-vANImAMthI-bhajana-vANImAMthI sulabha thaI hoya. gujarAtamAM narasiMhe ApelA AkAre te calaNI nIvaDyAM che. haLavAzabharyuM citrAtmaka paDho re popaTa rAjA rAmanA pariziSTa 1, 78), sIdhuM bodhAtmaka paNa dRgaMtasohAmaNuM "sukhaduHkha manamAM na ANIe' (60) ane umarA to DuMgarA thayA re, pAdara thayAM paradeza" e vAstavavarNanathI ane gharamAMthI haLavA thayA re, enI khUNe DhaLAvone khATa' jevI svabhAvoktiothI sacoTatA pAmatuM "ghaDapaNa keNe mokalyuM' (6 1)- e enA uttama namUnA che. juvAnIne dahADe re harine jANyA nahIM re (51) e pada sukhamAM saMbhArajo

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narasiMha mahetA : 167 re, jo hoya pelA bhavanuM punya' ema kahI sukhamAM bhakti karavA prere che. je game jagata gurudeva jagadIzane te taNo kharakharo phoka ka2vo' (29) thI AraMbhAtuM 'ApaNo cIMtavyo artha kaMI nava sare, Ugare eka udvega dharavo... huM karuM huM karuM, e ja ajJAnatA, zakaTano bhAra jema zvAna tANe; sRSTi maMDANa che sarva eNI pere.... nIpaje narathI to koI na rahe duHkhI, zatru mArIne sau mitra rAkhe' Adi citro manamAM ThasAvIne bodha ApatuM pada kRSNa vinA bIjuM sarva kAcuM' e samajAve che. 'ame re vahevArIA rAmanAmanA' (13) eka rUpakathI bhaktinI vAta kare che, to lokajIbhe caDheluM rAta rahe jAhare pAchalI khaTa ghaDI' (15) saune ApaApaNA dharma saMbhALavA' Adeze che. - jenI sAdhanA jUThI' nathI tevA sAcA sAdhakane narasiMha 'vaiSNavajana' tarIke oLakhAve che. sAdhanuM-vaiSNavanuM citra enA manamAM kevuMka che? narasiMha bhaktinA raMgamAM lelIna che eno artha e nathI ke vaiSNavanuM biruda dharAvanAra kRtaka bhaktothI e ajANa che. sakhIbhAvanI potAnI lAMbI bhakticaryAmAM pote to samAjanI ane rA'maMDalikanI agniparIkSAmAM hemakhema pAra Utaryo, paNa potAnA sAthIomAMya te ane anyatra khoTA sikkA enA jovAmAM avazya AvyA haze. pariNAme, (1) evAone UdhaDA laI, sAcA vaiSNava kevA hoya te kahevuM, e to e kare ja che, paNa (2) bhakti ane jJAna tattvataH judAM nathI te paNa e darzAve che. 'alyA, nAma pAmyo paNa rAmane nava lahyA, vaiSNava-pada keruM birada jhAle!'(38)- emAM adhyAtmajIvana na jIvanArA, potAnI jAte dharAra vaiSNava' thaI beThelA kahevAtA bhaktone e samajAve che ke e dekhAva to putra vinA jema ghara madhye pAraNuM, vara vinA te jema jAna mahAle... ThAlo gaganamAM megha gAje", -enA jevo hAsyAspada ane vyartha che. 'harine jANyA vinA hari kero jana thayo,' 'viSNupada gAI thayo bhakta bhavamAM'- bhajano gAIne bhaktamAM hirajanamAM khapavA lAgyo e badhuM 'karaNI to kAganI, hoDa kare haMsanI' enA jevuM che. narasiMha haMsa thavA mATeno mArga cIMdhe che : piMDamAM prabhu, paNa pragaTa lekhe nahIM, phokaTa bhame te dUra bhALe; agaNita brahmanuM gaNita lekhuM kare, duSTa bhAve karI mALa jhAle. jo nirAkAramAM jehanuM mana maLe, bhinna saMsAranI bhrAMti bhAge; dAsa narasaiMyo kahe, tene caraNe namuM, jJAnavijJAnanI jota jAge. prabhu bhItara che, dUra zodhavA javAnuM che nahIM, ene niraMtara anubhavavAne badale

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168 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ekaso ATha vAra jApa karyo ema saMtoSa levo e to agaNita brahmanuM gaNita lekhuM' karavA jevuM behUduM che. saMsAranI bhrAMtimAMthI jAgavA mATe nirAkAramAM mana maLe-gaLe ema karavAnuM che. e rIte ja jJAna ane vijJAna (anubhavarUpa banela jJAna)nI jyota jAge. narasiMha vaiSNava pAse e apekSA rAkhe che ke e kAganI karaNI choDI sAco haMsa bane, jJAnavijJAnanI jyoti potAmAM jagAve. sAcA vaiSNavanuM, haMsanI ka2NIvALA vaiSNavanuM, eNe eka vidheyAtmaka (pojhiTIva) citra doryuM che 'vaiSNavajana to tehene kahIe je pIDa parAI jANe re...' e padamAM tame badhA vaiSNavajana' hovAnI vAta karo cho ne? bhAIo, vaiSNavajana to...! ema kahI e eka citra Alekhe che. ahIM zarUAtamAM ja Avato 'to' lokoktinA toMtera maNano ja nahi, trANuM ke traNaso Tanano kaho to paNa ocho che- vaiSNavajana to tehene kahIe je pIDa parAI jANe re, paradu:khe upakAra kare paNa mana abhimAna na ANe re. vaiSNava vaNa-lobhI vaLI kapaTa-rahita, kAmakrodha jeNe mAryA re. bhaNe narasaiMyo : tehenuM darasaNa karatAM kula ekotera tAryAM re. vaiSNava A pada narasiMhanuM nathI, are dalapatarAmanuM che, vAcho (vasto)nuM che, evo vivAda jAgyo hato, je saMvata 1800 lagabhaganI (dalapatarAmanA janma pahelAMnI) hAthapratane AdhAre" ke. kA. zAstrIe sulabha karelA uparanA pAThathI nirmULa thayo che. kavitAnI vibhAvanA -kaMI nahIM to vibhAvanAnI chAyAo badalAtI rahe che ane AvI ughADI upadezAtmaka, sadguNonA hAraDA jevI, kRtine kAvyanuM nAma ke kema apAya evI carcA paNa thAya e svAbhAvika che. 1956mAM oksapharDamAM kavitA- Asana svIkAratAM kavi oNDene ApelA prAraMbha-vyAkhyAnamAM vivecakane ADedhaDa cAra savAlo pUchyA che temAMno eka che : bhAI, nakarI yAdI (homaranA IliyaDa'mAM Troyane koTakAMgare UbhelI helana grIkalokonAM jahAjonI Ape che evI) sahana karavAnuM gajuM tAruM che ne? ApaNA premAnaMdanA naLAkhyAna'mAM AraMbhamAM AvatI. vRkSanAmagaNanA, munazI jene jaMgalakhAtAnI TIpa' kahe che te, eno namUno che. eka pachI eka padArtho gaNAvatAM upacayano bhAva jAme che. utkRSTa adhyAtmasiddhivALA puruSano khyAla ekalI gItAmAM ja traNavAra sthitaprajJanAM lakSaNa (a.2), bhaktanAM lakSaNa (a.12) ane triguNAtItanAM lakSaNa (a.14) gaNAvavA dvArA apAyo che. kevaLa sIdhA kathana, nivedana (sTeTamenTa)nI pAchaLa paNa koIvAra camatkRti jevuM lapAyeluM hoya che. badhAM (lakSaNo gaNAvyAM che te ane vA vadhu paNa umerI zakIe te)mAM narasiMhe pIDa parAIne'

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narasiMha mahetA 169 ja prathama sthAna kema ApyuM? "koNe kahyo kapaTI, koNe kahyo kAmI, koNe kahyo tAlakUTiyo evo narasiMha sAcA vaiSNavanAM lakSaNa gaNAvavAno prasaMga Avyo tyAre pArakAnI pIDa jANavI-e lakSaNane prathamatA zI rIte ApI beTho? vaiSNava te je snehamAragI ema pote mAnanAro che. snehamArga e vevalAI nathI. prema kriyAzIla hoya e vaiSNavapaNAno kharo purAvo che. potAnI pIDa to sau koI jANe paNa A AtmaupampathI bIjAnI pIDa eTalI ja tIvratAthI je anubhave te vaiSNavajana. parAI' zabda saheja, saheja ja, kAkuthI potAnI nahIM hoM, bIjAnI - e artha Upase e rIte bolavAno che. parAI pIDa jANI. e jANI eTale kAMI vAta pUrI thatI nathI. ene haLavI karavA-nivAravA prayatna karavAno che. jema potAne mATe karIe tema ja. karyo prayatno saphaLatA paNa maLI. oho, meM pIDa nivArI, evI ahaMtAnI navI Apatti ahIM jAge che. tenAthI bacavAnuM che. AvA abhimAnathI prerAIne lAMbo samaya pIDa parAI nivAravAmAM koI racyopacyo rahI zake paNa nahIM. AtmaupampathI-kevaLa premabhAvathI prerAyelo, pote kAmamAM AvI zakyo-evI potAne taka maLI tethI sAmethI pote upakAravaza thanAro ja e mArge niraMtara cAlI zakaze. AvA mANasano mAMhyalo, sAme je koI maLaze tenI tarapha saheje abhisaravAno dhasavAno enI khoDakhAMpaNa kADhavAno to ene avasara ja kyAMthI rahevAno? vaMde pachI "naMdyAnI vAta, svarasAmyathI ja AvIne goThavAI na hoya ema, svAbhAvika anusaratI lAge che. AvA sAdhakane vAcA ja nahIM, mana vacana kAyA traNe nirmaLa rAkhavAmAM muzkelI na rahe. jIvanane aMte prabhune e traNe vizuddharUpe te nivedita karavAno. dhanya che enI janetAne, kemake eNe ene janma ApayA pachI bIjI koIe ene janma ApavApaNuM have rahevAnuM nathI. UMcI pratibhAnI nIpajarUpa kRtinA avayaveavayava kevA paraspara gUMthAyelA hoya che e jovuM durghaTa nathI. verAga manamAMhenI vAta narasiMha kare che, paNa tyAM tarata ja pokArIne kahe che ke nA nA, e to raMgamAM che, ene bhAre anurAga che, "niraMtara e kRSNa nAmanI tALI rAkhe' che. Avo puruSa pote ekalo taravAno nahIM, paNa pote je je kuLonA saMbaMdhamAM Avyo te badhAM ja (ekotera eTale ke ekottarazata, ekaso ne eka) kuLane tAravAno, sAcuM kahIe to manuSyajAtine tarI pAra UtaravAno Aro (tIrtha) bAMdhanAra tIrthakara samAna nIvaDavAno. sIdhuM upadezAtmaka lAgatuM A gIta ApaNA jamAnAmAM pIDa parAI'nuM sUkSma saMvedana dharAvanAra ane kSaNekSaNa premane kAryamAM mUrtimaMta karavA mathanAra parama prabhujana mahAtmA gAMdhInuM vahAluM banI gayuM ane rASTrIya bhaktigItanuM sthAna pAmyuM emAM

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170 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 Azcarya nathI. vaiSNava jyAM vasatA na hoya tyAM nava vasiye vAsaDiyAM' ema narasiMha kahe che, ane koI DAhyAo premabhaktimAM bhaMga paDavo' e ene maMjUra nathI. "duramatiyA DAhyA thaI Ave, zANA thaI samajAve re... ApaNA kuLamAM koIe na kIdhuM, te ApaNa kema karIe re?" (54) eka lokapracAra pAmelA padamAM e kahe che: "nArAyaNanuM nAma ja letAM vAre tene tajIe re... kuLane tajIe. kuTuMbane tajIe. jema taje kaMcukI sApa re" (59). bhakti mATe lokalAja paNa manamAM ANavAnI nathI ema e kahe che : "lokanI lAjamarajAda te paraharo, nirabhe thaIne hariguNa gAo-' (37), lokaDiyAnI lAja re, bAI, meM to nANIo re, mehelI kAMI kuLa taNI lAja, jAdavAne mAthe re cheDo laI nAkhIo re, tyAre prabhuvara pAmI chIM Aja' (30). jo jJAnavijJAnanI jota jAge', jJAna e vijJAna (anubhavapUrvakanuM jJAna) bane to enA prakAzamAM bhakti ane jJAna tattvataH judAM nahIM lAge. bhakti ane jJAna pratyeno narasiMhano abhigama bhASAnAM keTalAMka bulaMda padomAM vyakta thayo che. emAM zAstrIya rajuAtano savAla na hoya. mAtra, amuka amuka valaNo pradhAnanA pAmatAM joI zakAya che. traNa vastuo AgaLa tarI Ave che : 1 bhaktimahimA, 2 premabhaktimAM rasabasapaNuM ane 3 brahma ja eka che evI anubhUti. trIjI vastu kALakramamAM chellI pragaTI hoya. narasiMhanA avAjane je thoDoka paNa oLakhe che te enI kavitAmAM A traNa vAnAM cUkI zake nahIM. - bhaktimahimA narasiMhe vAraMvAra, judI judI rIte, gAyo che. "bhUtaLa bhakti padAratha moTuM, brahmalokamAM nAMhI re' (1) - bhaktine kAraNe pRthvI vaikuMTha, kailAsa Adi uccatara loka sAthe sarasAI bhogave che. puNyakamANI dvArA svargaloka pAmyA to paNa te khUTatAM pAcho avatAra levo rahe che. bhaktino rasiyo to muktinI paNa IcchA rAkhato nathI, kemake kaSNano rasa lUMTavAnI taka pachI na rahe. "harinA jana to mukti na mAge, mAge janmojanma avatAra re'- A narasiMhano eka mukhya khyAla che ane ahIM te uttama rIte abhivyakta thayo che. anyatra, beu kara joDIne narasaiyo vanave, janmojanma tArI bhakti jAge" (ra), janma pratijanma harine ja jAcuM (29) mAM paNa AratapUrvaka e rajU thayo che. narasiMha bhaktino Avo mahimA karato hoI bahu TUMkamAM, ekavAra to, sUtra pakaDAve che: "eka upAsanA : jaIne vaLago' (36). jAgajoga, upavAsavrata, tIrthATana, yamaniyama, zAstrasamudraavagAhana, -e badhI jaMjALanI jALa kApI gayA jaMna zUrA'. ananyAzrayabuddhithI e varte che: "mAre to Azaro eka harinAmano, cheka Avyo,

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have kyAM re jaIe? bhaNe narasaiMyo, e nAmane Azare... lIna rahIe.' pote jIvanabhara na choDelo bhaktino mArga loko kema letA nathI e vatsala ciMtAthI narasiMha vAraMvAra samajAvI kalAvI TapArI temane e tarapha vALavA kahe che. hirahira raTaNa kara, kaThaNa kaLikALamAM, dAma bese nahIM, kama saraze; zISa para kALa rahyo daMta karaDe... mUDha zuM joIne mUcha maraDe?' (20) 'hirataNuM heta tane kayama gayuM vIsarI, pazu re pheDIne nararUpa dIdhuM' (27) mAM e hUbahU citro dore che : ghAMcInuM gALiyuM kaMThathI TALiyuM, netranA pATA, zrInAthe choDyA :... paga ThokI karI mAgato mUDhamati ghAsa pANI, karI zabda jhINA.' baLada ane ghoDAnAM e citro pachI lAMbIzI Doka ne kAMkola cAvato' UMTa kavi pratyakSa karAve che tyAre kaTAkSa sacoTapaNe chato thAya che. kRSNa kIrtana vinA nara sadA sUtakI,' japa na kare te jIbhalaDI nahIM, khADiyAM' ema kahI, pUrNa puruSottamane tajI anya devamAM mana parovanArAonI teo mahISInA putranuM dUdha dohe'-evI viDaMbanA e kare che. brahmavATa bhUlelA, vAdAmAM ane karmakAMDamAM DUbelA, mAyAnA putrone, -rajhaLatI rAMDanAM raDavaDatAM chokarAM' (45) ne koNa bodha ApIne ThekANe ANe e prazna ene thAya che. samarane zrI hira, mela mamatA parI, jone vicArIne mULa tAruM; tuM alyA koNa, ne kone vaLagI rahyo? vaga2 samaje kahe mAruM tAruM,' (33) ema saheja DhaMDhoLIne aMte bahu vatsalatAthI kahe che, kAM na jAge?' ane samajAve che ke 'bharanidrA' mAM rahetAM zaramAvAvAro Avaze janamojanamanI paritRptithI vaMcita rahevA jevuM thazeH na jAgatAM, narasaiyA lAja che ati ghaNI, janmojanma tArI khAMta bhAge'. A ALasa na tajavI e alpamatinuM kAma che. - narasiMha mahetA 171 - dhyAna dhara haritaNuM alpamati ALasu, je thakI janmanAM duHkha jAye... sakaLa kalyANa zrIkRSNanA caraNamAM, zaraNa Ave sukha pAra hoye... paTaka mAyA parI, aTaka caraNe hira, vaTakya mA vAta suNatAM ja sAcI. AzanuM bhavana AkAza sudhI racyuM, mUDha! e mULathI bhIMta kAcI. aMga jobana gayuM, palita piMjara thayuM, toya nathI leto zrIkRSNa kahevuM; ceta re ceta, dina cAra che lAbhanA, lIMbu lehekAvatAM rAja levuM. (31) upadezanI vAta paNa jhamakadAra vAgithI ane AzanuM bhavana, kAcI bhIMta, lIMbuuchALa rAjya, -evAM citrakalpanothI cirasmaraNIya nIvaDe evI abhivyakti pAme che. narasaiMyo potAne mAhAmati' nuM pada Ape che, kemake pelA 'alpamati'onI

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172 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 jema e premabhaktino rasa - premarasa pIvAmAM ALasa jANato nathI eTaluM ja nahIM, pote e premabhakti sivAya bIjA kazAthI rIjhe evo paNa nathI. khAdhA vagara Dhora maravA paDyuM hoya to kuzakAmAM paNa eno jIva lobhAya ema premarasa jevo premarasa na pAmyAthI jeo dUbaLA che teonuM kyAreka muktithI mana caLe che. bhAgavatamAM zukajIe dazamaskaMdhamAM premarasa bharapUra gAyo paNa pachInA skaMdhamAM jJAnavairAgyanI vAto mUkI ene saMtADyo. maravA paDelo rAjA parIkSita e samajyo nahIM. mukti to bhagavAne avatAra laI je je daityone mAryA temane paNa ApI che, jJAnI vijJAnI muni yogI temane paNa ApI che. paNa premarasane yogya to vrajanI gopikAo TharI, athavA koI viralA 2sabhogI bhakto TharyA. hA, je A saMsAra choDIne jAya preta) teone muktinI garaja rahe ja. lAlacune jeno lobha hoya te maLe eTale rAjI thAya. paNa ahIM to saMsAra ja kone choDavo che? janamojanama pRthvI upara AvavuM che. amAre to janmojanma lIlArasa gAvo che. lIlArasa gAIe ne eTale amAre bAraNe AvIne lahANanAM vahANa nAMgaryAM samajo. narasiMyo mAhAmati' A je lIlArasanI vAta kare che te to jatasatIne svapne paNa anubhavavA na maLe. premarasa pAne tuM moranA picchadhara, tattvanuM TUMpaNuM tuccha lAge; dUbaLA DhoranuM kUzake mana caLe, caturA mukti teo na mAge. premanI vAta parIkSita prIchayo nahIM, zukajIe samajI rasa saMtADyo; jJAna vairAgya karI graMtha pUro karyo, muktino mArga sUdho dekhADyo. mArIne mukti ApI ghaNA daityane, jJAnI vijJAnI bahu muni re jogI; premane joga to vraja taNI gopikA, avara viralA koI bhakta bhogI. pretane mukti to parama vallabha sadA, hetunA jIva te hetu The; janmojanma lIlArasa gAvatAM lahANanAM vahANa jema dvAra chUTe. meM grahyo hAtha gopInAtha garavA taNo, avara bIjuM koIe na bhAve; narasiMyo mAhAmati gAya che guNa kathI jatasatIne to svapna na Ave. (24) AvuM potAnuM darzana hoI, Avo potAno anubhava hoI, narasiMha kahe che sAramAM sAra avatAra abaLA taNo, je baLe baLibhadra-vIra rIjhe' (23). sAcI rIte prabhune seve to puruSArthI jIva muktilAbha pAme, paNa narasiMha styarthI puruSa+arthI puruSArthI, tema strI+arthI) jIvanI dhanyatA gAvA mAge che : 'rasabharyuM rUsaNuM, nAtha noharA kare, te nahIM nArI-avatAra pAkhe.' AthI e kahe che, devo ane munivaro gopikAcaraNarajane vaMdana karatAM gopIthI ApanuM adhamapaNuM lekhave, narapaNuM nava =

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narasiMha mahetA 173 ruce, Apa naMde,' evI emanI sthiti che. dhyAna dhara, dhyAna dhara,-' e premabhaktino mArga che. narasiMha e zabdothI zarU thatAM be padomAM dhyAna dvArA pamAtA lIlArasanI vAta kare che. dhyAna dhara, dhyAna dhara, naMdanA kuMvaranuM, je thakI akhila AnaMda pAme... kadamanA druma taLe rAdhikA rasabharI hirajane saMga AlApI gAye. (25) bIjA eka uttama padamAM narasiMha dhyAna dhara, dhyAna dhara ema AdezIne maMtrarUpa pratIti udghoSe cheH 'netramAM nAtha che.' A dhyAna dvArA draSTA ane dRzya judAM rahevA pAmatAM nathI. jonAra netramAM ja nAtha beThA che, 'dehI'- zarIramAM ja e pratyakSa thaze. enA nAdamAM kheMcAtAM vrajanAM vanavelI te brahmarUpa bhAsaze. lalita kuMjamAM zrIkRSNanI lIlA, enI niraMtara nautama kelI nIrakhAze. dehI-zarIranuM mAna vigalita thaI jatAM suratasaMgrAmamAM raMgabhera vilasatA paramatattvanI jhAMkhI thaze. dhyAna dhara, dhyAna dhara, netramAM nAtha che, aMtara bhALanI eka suratI; dehImAM 62saze, premathI parasaze, ajaba anopama adhara muratI. moralInA nAdamAM, zravaNanA sAdamAM, jhAMjharI jhAlarI Damaka vAje, tAla mRdaMga ne caMga upamA ghaNI, bherIno nAda brahmAMDa gAje. mana parasana thaze, karyAM karma nAsaze, bhAsaze brahma vraja vana velI; kuMja lalita mAMhe zrIkRSNa lIlA kare, nIrakhanI nautama nitya kelI. suratasaMgrAmamAM vilase raMgamAM, darasaze dehInuM mAna maratAM, narasaiMyAcA svAmI sarva sukha Apaze, dukrita kApaze dhyAna dharatAM. (26) zrIkRSNaviSayaka zRMgAraprItino, premabhaktino, A utkRSTa ujjvaLa ugAra che. suratasaMgrAmanuM rUpaka ahIM dehabhAva vigalita thayo hoya e dazA aMge yojAyuM che. (pAchaLanA, vaiSNavacikitsaka, akhA jevA paNa 'suratasAgara ko nAMhIM tAga' jevAmAM brahma-samarasa-dazA mATe e pratIka yoje che.) A padamAM kRSNalIlArasa ane advaitAnubhava-abhedAnubhava ekarUpa sUcavAya che. nAtha netranI bahAra nathI, netramAM rahIne jonAra ja pote nAtha che. pachI vrajanAM tamAma taru, latA, Adi brahmarUpa bhAse to zuM Azcarya? A darzana, A pratIti e suratasaMgrAmanI, dareka padArthadareka vyakti sAthe paramAtmAnI rasalInatAnI, kRSNalIlAnI, anubhUtinuM zikhara che. manuSyajIvanamAM bhakti, zrIkRSNanuM dhyAna, e moTI vastu che ane tene mATe janamojanama avatAra dhAraNa karavA jevuM che, evo potAno anubhava kahI e bhakti te jIvanane aMte mukti pamADanArI nahIM, paNa kSaNekSaNe parama tRpti ApanAra kRSNarasa

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174 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 lIlA2sa-premarasa pAnArI premabhakti che ema narasiMha gAya che. A enI mukhya bhUmikA che. bhaktigIto ja nahIM, kRSNaviSayaka zRMgAraprItinAM saMkhyAbaMdha UrmigIto ene AdhAre racAyAM che. paNa A uparAMta vaLI eka navI bhUmikA narasiMhamAM jovA maLe che, je taddana asaMdigdhapaNe enAM keTalAMka padomAM vyakta thaI che. netramAM nAtha che' ane tethI bahAra sarvatra 'bhAsaze brahma' ema kahevAmAM e bhUmikA sUcavAI hatI. AkhA vizva pAchaLa 'eka' ja tattva che evI advaitapratItinI e bhUmikA che. ATheka (nIce moTA kauMsamAM pada AraMbhe AMkaDAthI nirdeza karyA pramANenAM) padomAM e advaitapratIti savizeSa abhivyakti pAmI che. judAM judAM padamAM judI judI rIte bhAra mukAya che. paNa e badhAMyamAM kendrIya pratIti 'eka' tattvanI che. [1] akhila brahmAMDamAM eka tuM zrIhari,jUjave rUpa anaMta bhAse; dehamAM deva tuM, tejamAM tattva tuM, zUnyamAM zabda thaI veda vAse. pavana tuM, pANI tuM, bhUmi tuM, bhUdharA, vRkSa thaI phUlI rahyo AkAze; vividha racanA karI aneka rasa levAne, ziva thakI jIva thayo e ja Aze. veda to ema vade, zrutismRti sAkha deH kanaka-kuMDaLa vize bheda nohoye; ghATa ghaDiyA pachI nAma-rUpa jUjavAM, aMte to hemanuM hema hoye. graMthagarabaDa karI, vAta na karI kharI, jehane je game tehene pUje; mana karma vacanathI Apa mAnI lahe, satya che e ja mata ema sUjhe. vRkSamAM bIja tuM, bIjamAM vRkSa tuM, jouM paTaMtaro e ja pAse. bhaNe narasaiMyo e mana taNI zodhanA, prIta karuM,- premathI pragaTa thAze. (40) sArAye brahmAMDamAM 'eka' ja tattva che, eTaluM ahIM svIkArAyuM che. kanaka-kuMDalamAM bheda nathI, chevaTe to suvarNa ja che. A abhiprAya ahIM narasiMhano potAno nathI, upaniSadamAM evI vAta Ave che eno A havAlo mAtra che. paNa e badhA graMthothI garabaDa UlaTI vadhI, aneka sAdhanAo-pUjAvidhio vikasyAM. narasiMha kahe che ke badhuM choDIne huM to prIti karuM, premathI prabhu pragaTa thaze. tattva eka, tene pAmavAno mArga prema, - eTaluM ahIM ene kahevuM che. paramatattva e che e udgAra sAthe e eka navo prazna Ubho kare che. paramezvaranA svarUpa vize bahu tattvAlocana karyuM paNa 'koNa huM?" e prazna kadI vicAryo? - [2] 'eka tuM,'"eka tuM'-ema sahu ko stare,'koNa huM?"--e nahIM ko vicAre; 'koNa chuM?" 'kacAM thakI Aviyo jaga vize?" jaiza cAM, chUTaze deha tyAre? (46) pachI 'huM'-nI vigate vAta karI che. e pratidine jaDa kane jai karI mAgatoH

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narasiMha mahetA 175 Iza, tuM sAhya thAje sadA re.' tema chatAM du:kha to jarIke TaLatuM nathI. ane chatAM mAgaNI karatAM e thAkato nathI. koI AkAzI vRtti dhAraNa karI hoya ema varte che ane kRtrima namratAthI kahe che, huM koNa konI pAse kyA hakathI mAguM? ane chatAM mAgaNI svIkArAI to prabhue madada karI ema kahe che ane kAma kathaLyuM to karmane doSa de che. narasiMha pUche che ke pUrvanAM karma jo hira bhajve nava TaLe, to kaho koNa e kAma karaze?" -to bhakti ka2ze koNa? narasiMha kahe che AkanA vRkSathI amRtaLa toDavA' tAkanAra mUrkhano zrama vRthA javAno che. evo mANasa 'jJAna-hINo' Tharaze. satya samajI parama pada oLakhavAnuM che, vitaMDAmAM paDavAnuM nathI. jIva, Izvara ane brahmanA bhedamAM satya vastu nahIM sadya jaDaze.' advaitavAdIo (1) brahma, ane mAyAne kA2Ne (2) Izvara, ane (3) jIva evA bheda carcA kare che temAM satyavastu tarata hAtha nahIM lAge. badhAnuM joI, tuM eka tuM,' 'eka tuM,' karavA lAgyo, 'tuM' vize paramAtmA vize ja bhAMjagaDamAM rahyo, ane pariNAme eka jaDa mUrti AgaLa besIne madadanI yAcanA karavAmAM paDyo. ene teM evo nirbaLa banAvI dIdho ke pUrvakarmanuM baLa paNa e toDI zake nahIM. have huM tane eTaluM ja kahuM chuM ke 'huM' upara dhyAna kendrita kara. dekhAdekhI tuM moDhethI babaDe che : eka tuM', 'eka tuM.' ane jo to 'huM' nI kevI pAmara dazA thaI beThI che! IlAja batAvuM? A 'huM-paNuM' tajI de, ane sAthe ja (moMe babaDe che 'eka tuM' eka tuM' e 'tuM' to dUra rahyo paNa) A sAme jaDa 'tuM' jenI 'kane jai karI mAgato' te-nuM 'tuM-paNuM' paNa phagavI de. tarata tArI vAta pAra paDaze.' bIjA eka padamAM 'huM' (jIva) ane 'tuM' (ziva) baMne zamI jatAM pote anirvacanIya vasturUpa thaI raheze e samajAvyuM che. [3.] huM khare tuM kharo, huM vinA tuM nahIM, huM re haIza tyAM aaN lagI tuM re haIze. huM jate huM gayo, anirvAcI rahyo, huM vinA, kehe, tuMne koNa kaheze? saguNa hoya jAMhAMlagI, nirguNa tAMhAM lagI, tyama kehe sadaguru vAta sAcI; saguNa zamatAM nirguNa gayuM che zamI, zeSa pUraNa anirvAcI. ziva ne jIva to nA e che eka jo, jIva hoye tAMhAM lage ziva hoye; jIva zamatAM ziva saheje samAI gayo, TaLI jAye dhaMdha(ha) nAma doye. tAharA-mAhA nAmano nAza che, lUNa ne nIra dRSTAMta joteH maheto narazaI kaheH vastu vicAratAM, vasturUpa thAze vastu pote. 6 kRSNapratItinA gItamAM paNa udaka mAMhe jayama lavaNa male re tema tamazuM morI dehA,' kahI huM-tuMnuM A nATaka ja che ema sUcavyuM hatuM :

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176 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 vaLI sarakhAvo : kRSNavinA nahi koya; narasiyAco svAmI nATaka, bAI re, vizva paDIlA moha. (203) A "-tuM je TALavAnA hatA, te TALyA. te' nA upalakSyamAM huM ane 'tuM'-ne samajavAnuM sUcana anukrame "nIrakhane gaganamAM ane jAgIne jouM to mAM thayuM che. nIrakhane gaganamAM adhyAtma-anubhavane citrAtmaka kAvyabAnImAM nirUpe che. kavi "nIrakhane mAM ne paranA kAkathI pote mANelo AnaMda bIjA sAthe vaheMcavAnI tAlAvelIthI ArajUpUrvaka nimaMtraNa ApatA na hoya! (4.nIrakhane gaganamAM koNa ghUmI rahyo? te ja huM, te ja huM - zabda bole. e sodam (te ja huM, soDam (te ja huM -zabda bolI rahyo che. narasiMha tarata potAnA pUrato pratibhAva pADe che ane te ja (zyAmasuMdara) huM chuM mATe - zyAmanA caraNamAM IcchuM chuM maraNa re. ahIMyA koI nathI kRSNa tole'. ema gAI rahe che. ziyAmamAM huM-paNuM avasAna pAmo e enI jhaMkhanA che. e zyAmanI jenI sAthe tulanA thaI zake evuM ahIM kazuM ja nathI. 2yAmazobhA ghaNI, buddhi nA zake kaLI, anaMta occhavamAM paMtha bhUlI, jaDa ane cetana rasa karI jANavo, pakaDI preme sajIvana mULI. zyAmanI zobhA buddhithI to kaLI kaLAya ema che ja nahIM. buddhinI bicArInI dizA anaMta utsavamAM khovAI gayA jevI che. badhethI jo rasa anubhavI zakAya, mAtra cetanamAMthI nahIM, jaDamAMthI paNapremanI jaDIbuTTIthI jaDane saceta banAvI daIne - to zyAmasuMdaranA rUpano khyAla kAMIka maLe. eTale mUkIne buddhine paDatI. enI viTaMbaNAnI vAtamAM kyAM paDyA? prema dvArA jaDa (je have jaDa rahetuM nathI) ane cetanane rasamaya anubhavyA pachI, joIe, zyAmanI zobhAnI, ahIM nahIM to sArA vizvamAM kyAMya koI tulanA karI zakAya che kharI? jhaLahaLa jyota udyota ravi koTamAM temanI kora jyAM nIsare tole; saccidAnaMda AnaMdakIDA kare, sonAnAM pAraNAM mAMhI jhUle. divi sUryasahasrasya bhaved yugapad utthitA yadi bhAH, sadRzI sA syAd bhAsa: tasya mahAtmanaH | gItAmAM zrIkRSNanA vizvarUpanA tejanI upamA ApI che ke AkAzamAM eka sAthe hajAra sUryanI yuti udaya pAme, to te e mahAtmA (virATa svarUpa

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narasiMha mahetA 177 zrIkRSNa)nI vruti samovaDI, vakhate, hoya. narasiMha koTi sUryanI dhrutinI vAta kare che. karoDagaNI dyutivALo sUrya pUrvanI kSitijane Are sonAnI kora kADhe to e zyAmanI zobhAnI tole Ave. e suvarNanI kora kevI lAge? jANe bALakRSNa sonAnA pAraNAmAM jhUlI rahyA na hoya, bALasvarUpe saccidAnaMda AnaMda-krIDA karI rahyA na hoya. e tejasvI rUpa ugra na hoya paNa parama AhlAdaka hoya. A saundaryajyoti zI rIte peTAvAyo che? nathI dIveTa, nathI tela, nathI dIpapAtra, ane jyoti niSaMdapaNe prakAzI rahyo che. AMkhathI e nIrakhavAno nathI, e koI rUpa nathI ke oLakhI zakAya. A rasa pIvAno che te kAMI jivAthI pIvAno nathI. e avinAzI akaLa che, adhaH ane Urdhva-nIcA ane UMcA, (e be) vaccenA aMtarAlamAM badhe AnaMdathI ramamANa rahe che, sarvavyApaka che. narasiMha (pharI pAcho premanI cAvI batAvatAM) kahe che ke premathI eno keDo pakaDavAmAM Ave to saMto ene meLavI zake che. battI viNa, tela viNa, sUtra viNa jo vaLI, acaLa jhaLake sadA anaLa dIvo; netraviNa nIrakhavo, rUpaviNa parakhavo, vaNajavAe rasa sarasa pIvo. akaLa avinAzI e nava ja jAye kaLyo, aradha-UdhanI mAMhya mAhAle; narasiMyAco svAmI sakaLa vyApI rahyo, premanA taMtamAM saMta jhAle. (39) AdhyAtmika kavitAno, rahasyalakSI anubhUtinA ramaNIya pratyakSIkaraNano A kAvya eka utkRSTa namUno che. pahelA be zabdathI ja bhUmithI pAra uDDayana, pachI ghUmatA virATanI gatizIlatAnuM sUcana, aMte soham dhvaninuM guMjana, AraMbhanI paMkti ja bhavyatAno saMsparza karAve che. gItAe bhAkhyA karatAMya adakerI dhrutinuM sUcana ane sAthe ja sukumAra bALamUrtino nirdeza rudralalita citra AMkI rahe che. sonAnA pAraNAmAM jhUlatA AnaMdakrIDA karatA saccidAnaMdanuM kalpana jagatasAhityamAM javalle ja sAMpaDe evuM eka bhavyasuMdara kalpana che. saundaryajyotinuM svarUpa cothI kaDImAM rahasyavAditAthI sUcavAyuM che. premanI jaDIbuTTI, anaMta utsavamAM pathabhUlelI buddhie e citraNo, chellI kaDImAM 'akaLa-sakaLa' 'aradha-Uradha' 'taMtamAM saMta' e AMtaraprAsa, saccidAnaMda AnaMdakrIDA kare' mAM "saccidAnaMda' pachI 'AnaMda' zabdathI pAraNAnI ekacheDe jaIne pAchA vaLavAnI gatinuM sUcana-saundaryanI jaDIbuTTI kRtine kevI sacetatA ane rasamayatA arpe che tenA nidarzanarUpa che. A laghu paNa bhavya kRti narasiMhanI, balake gujarAtI bhASAnI, AdhyAtmika kavitAnA eka zikhararUpa che. je pratidina jaDa kane jaIne 'sAhya' thavAnI mAgaNI karato te 'huM' no to ahIM kayAMya patto nathI. 'huM paNuM' TaLyuM che, som'te ja huM' nAdanA prabhAve

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178 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa-1 te zyAmanI zobhAmAM vilIna thayuM che. e sthiti pAmavAmAM premanI saMjIvanIno, premanA taMtano narasiMha mahimA karyo che. putranA "vivAhanA aMte AvatuM pada - [5] (devA) Adya tuM, madhya tuM, aMtya tuM. trikamA, eka tuM eka tuM eka pote - ema eka tattvanI vAta kare che. saguNa svarUpa nirguNa enuM - sagaNu e nirguNa svarUpa che. be nathI, ekalo, vizvathI vegaLo sarva vyApaka che re zakti enI,' - e be nathI, advaitavastu che, ekalo che, vizvathI nyAro TrAnTenDenTa) che ane sAthe ja sarva kAMImAM vyApelo (ImenenTa) che. e AnaMdamaya kRSNajI svaya che. ane rAdhikA te enI bhakti che. putranA vivAha vakhate, juvAnImAM narasiMhe premamArga anusaratAM paramAtmA e be nathI evuM eka tuM eka tuM eka che evuM anubhavyuM che. rAdhikAthI daita sarajAtuM nathI, kemake narasiMhane mana e bIjI vyakti nathI, AnaMdamaya kaSNanI bhakti che. te navadhAthI nyAro' che. (57) "navadhAmAM to nahIM naraveDo. dazadhAmAM dekhAze re'- navadhAbhaktithI niveDo pAra) nahIM Ave, tenAthI AgaLanI bhaktikaravI joIze pAchaLathI Avato akho vyAzImI bhaktinI vAta kare che. "acavyo rasa che enI pAse', enI advaita brahma anopama lIlA' che. gauDapAdAcAryanA ajAtivAdano paDagho pADato ugAra, pachI, maLe cheH jyAM lagI jyama che tyamano tyama che, vadhe ghaTe nahIM ThAlo re; Ave nA jAye, jAye nA Ave, nahIM bharyo nahIM ThAlo re. gItAnA paMdaramA adhyAyano niSkarSa kavie svIkAryo lAge che. paramAtmA kSara ane akSara baMnethI para che - puruSottama che, pUrNAnaMda che, e cittamAM cenavAnuM - cInavAnuM che : pUrNAnaMda pote puruSottama, paramagata che enI re, e pada kSara akSaranI upara, tame jojo cittamAM cenI re. Atmatattva cInyuM nathI - samajapUrvaka oLakhyuM nathI tyAM sudhI badhI sAdhanAo vyartha che, evI advaitasAdhanAnI jikara eka pada (43) mAM narasiMhe karI che : 6.) jyAM lagI AtamA tattva cInyo nahIM, tyAM lagI sAdhanA sarva jUThI; mAnuSa deha tAhAro ;ema eLe gayo, mAvaThAMnI jema vRSTi vUThI. pachI aneka jUThI sAdhanAo (zuM thayuM jJAna sevA ne pUjA thakI.. zuM thayuM

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narasiMha mahetA 179 tapa ane tIratha karavA thakI...') aNagamAnA AvazapUrvaka e gaNAve che ane rokaDuM saMbhaLAve che : e che parapaMca sau peTa bharavA taNA, Atama-rAma paribrahma na joyo. bhaNe narasaiyo je tattvadarzana vinA ratnaciMtAmaNi janma khoyo. gopIbhAvathI kRSNane bhajatA narasiMhane mATe gopIpaNuM ke rAdhikApaNuM kazuM ja, advaitapratItine uMmare pahoMce che tyAre, rahevA pAmatuM nathI rahe che naryuM tattvadarzana, vastudarzana balake "vastumAM vigalana,-te vAta lIlAgAnanI rIte ramaNIya rUpakathI eNe kahI che. [7] svAmInuM sukha hatuM. mAhAre tAMhAM lagI, jahAM lagI (hadI hatI rAta kerI; svAmInA sukhano svAda bhAgI gayo, jyAre ociMto udayo sUra verI. sUranA tejamAM sAva samarasa thaI, sahejamAM piyu mAhArI gayo samAI; piyune pagale huM khoLavA gaI, piyune khoLatAM huM khovAI. ehavA aTapaTA khelamAM AMkha UlaTI pharI; tajI, huM rahI, hAra khAI vANImAM anubhava eha Ave nahIM, anirvacana kahe nigama gAI. acaraja vAta e koo mAne nahIM, jehene vItI hoya teha jANe, vastuno sAgara sAva samarasa bharyo, aNachato narasaIo thaIne mANe." lIlAnI paribhASAmAM nitya tattvanI advaitapratItinI vAta atyaMta AkarSaka ane sacoTa rUpe A padamAM rajU thaI che. piyu ane preyasI e daita rahevA pAmatuM nathI. rahe che naryo vastuno sAgara, sabhara bharyo, samarasa bharyo. pote aNachato banI rahe che. potAnI nokhI hastI rahevA pAmatI nathI. bIjA eka padamAM, lIlAnI paribhASAthI paNa, uparanI vAta eNe karI che : rAtaDalI aMdhArI re, heraNa vahI gaI re. UgyA UgyA agocaranA re sUra; traNa re bhovana re bAI, daSTa paDAM re, maTI gayuM mAyA keruM pUra. rAtalaDI" premabhaktinA A anubhavamAM alagapaNuM ogaLI javAmAM caritArtha thAya che. tattvadarzanano avAja eka jAtanI aMtima tApUrvaka narasiMhanA "jAgIne jouM to...." e padamAM sAMbhaLavA maLe che. nidrAsvakhavatu A jagata che. mAyA zabda narasiMhe vAparyo nathI paNa kaivalyatattva ane mAyAnA sabaMdhanI vAta eka ajoDa citra dvArA

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180 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 eNe pratyakSa karAvI che : "brahma laTakAM kare brahma pAse'. upaniSada karatAM paNa vizeSa vedamAM AvatAM bhavya citraNonI yAda ApanArA A zabdo che. narasiMhanI kalpakazakti ahIM eka adbhuta UMcAI sara kare che. [8] jAgIne jouM to jagata dIse nahIM, UMghamAM aTapaTA bhoga bhAse; citta caitanya vilAsa hUpa che, brahma laTakAM kare brahma pAse. paMca mahAbhUta parabrahma vize UpanAM aNu aNu mAMhe rahyAM re vaLagI, phUla ne phaLa te to vRkSanAM jANavAM, thaDa thakI DALa te nahIM re aLagI. veda to ema vade, smRti smRti zAkha de, kanaka kuMDaLa vize bheda na hoya; ghATa ghaDiyA pachI nAmarUpa jUjavAM, aMte to hemanuM hema hoya. jIva ne ziva to Apa-icchAe thayA, racI parapaMca cauda loka kIdhA; bhaNe narasaiyo e te ja tuM, te ja tuM, ene samayathI kaMI saMta sIdhA. (42) ahIM tata tvam maNi (te tuM che) evo te ja tuM uddaghoSa che. huM e je jaDa mUrtine "tuMkarIne sthApI hatI te 'tuM A nathI. ahIM to ekamAtra caitanyavilAsathI citta tadrupa (caitanyamaya) baneluM che. badhuM dazya jagata te caitanyano ja prakAra che. kahone ke brahmanI AgaLa brahma pote ja laTakAM karI rahyuM che. jIva-ziva judA nathI, paMcamahAbhUta tema e paNa brahmanI IcchAthI parabrahmanA paryAyarUpe che. e cetanya, e parabrahma, te ja tuM' - evA kevaLa advaitabhAva upara AvIne narasiMhanI vANI A padamAM Thare che. uparanAM pado e kramamAM racAyAM haze evuM kahevAno Azaya nathI. jude jude vakhate game te kramamAM bhale e racAyAM hoya, e badhAmAM vyakata thatI narasiMhanI pratItinI rekhAo paNa bhale e kramamAM nahIM paNa jude krame UpasI hoya, narasiMhanI advaitAnubhUtine sAkAra karatAM A ATha mukhya pado che ane e anubhUtinI rekhAo kAMIka upara AlekhyA pramANenI che. e anubhUtinI yAtrA akhila brahmAMDamAM eka tuM ane jAgIne jouM to jagata dIse nahIM evAM be biMduo vacce hovAnuM samajAya che. pahelI kRtimAMnI "kanaka-kuMDala' ane aMte to hemanuM hema -e aMgenI be lITIo bIjImAM paNa Ave che. prathamavAra Ave che tyAre e aupaniSada vAtane "graMtha garabaDa' sAthe joDavA jevuM karyuM che. tyAM ja pAkkI ne garamata -tene ekalAne AnaMda nahoto, eNe icchayuM :oraM vadhu cAm - ekano aneka thAuM - e upaniSadavacanonA AdhAre gAyuM hatuM ke 'ziva thakI jIva thayo e ja Aze ane e badhAne paNa graMtha garabaDa sAthe joDaDyuM hatuM. jAgIne jouM to'- e padamAM pharI kanaka-kuMDaLa' e aMte to hemanuM hema che e vAta zrutinI sAkSIe mUkI che, paNa 'graMtha garabaDanI

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narasiMha mahetA 181 TIkA have nathI. zivathI jIva thayAnI vAtane badale have jIva ane ziva (Izvara) baMne Apa (brahma)-IcchAe thayAnI vAta che, mAyAno sIdho ullekha nathI paNa "racI parapaMca' mAM prapaMca e mAyAno paryAya che. agAunA padamAM prIta karuM premathI pragaTa thAze - ema premabhaktino pAsa hato, have evo ullekha nathI. aTapaTA bhogano jemAM bhAsa thato hato te UMghanuM UDavuM, jAgIne jovuM.-eno ja padanA AraMbhathI mahimA karavAmAM Avyo che. mAtra, kahevuM hoya to kahI zakAya ke kaivalya AgaLa mAyA-no khyAla ApavA "brahma laTakAM kare brahma pAse' e apUrva apratima kalpana yoryuM che temAM "akhila ziva Adya AnaMdamaya kRSNajI, suMdarI rAdhikA bhakti tenI e rUpakacitranI rasikatAne ugArI lIdhI che, balake bahu bulaMda uThAva Apyo che. narasiMhano advaitavicAra "akhila brahmAMDamAM eka tuM zrIhari thI jAgIne jouM to jagata dIse nahIM - sudhImAM pUrNapaNe surekha vikasyo che. Ama, narasiMhanI advaitAnubhavanI aSTapadI gIva vrauva (jIva brahma ja che), tat tam si te ja tuM', e pratItimAM -brahmabhAvamAM jAgrata thavAmAM virame che. bhaktijJAna-UrmikomAM kavi-pratibhA - A bhaktijJAnanAM padomAM narasiMhanI bhASAchaMdolaya AdinI sapATI ja judI che. avAjanI AvI prauDhi ane AdratA game te bhASAne nyAla kare. sahRdayatA zabda zabda Tapake che. layamAM Aratano tAra guMje che. "bhavana para bhavana para chatra dAkhe' (29) - ema surekha citrAMkana tvarita thaI jatuM hoya che. premarasa pAne tuM-jevAmAM 'ne' thI anahada anunayabharI AratanuM sUcana thAya che. "koNa e samAnA kAmanI datta phaLiyela rAmA' -jevA draupadI aMgenA gItano praznathI upADa anokhI Dhabano, AkarSaka nIvaDI rahe che. AkhI ne AkhI smaraNamAM rahI jAya evI paMktio uparAMta moranA picchadhara', "lahANanAM vahANa"ratnaciMtAmaNi janma', "duramatinAM. DAlAM," thothAM ThAlAM', "aMdha guru... niraMdha celA', evAM citrAtmaka zabdajhUmakhAM A padomAM ghaNAM maLaze. prabhAvaka vAgmitA "zuM thayuM... thI' e praznamALAthI levAtI jhaDatImAM ane ke teM to karSaNa kodarA vAviyA, kyAMthI jame tuM to dALa roTI?" -evI ke te to' thI zarU thatI praznamALAmAM jovA maLe che. ke thI zarU thatA praznano tema ja alyA' thI zarU thatA uddabodhanano laheko dhyAna kheMce che. vacace layapUraka jevo mukAto ne "ema ne karatAM re (para), kALA ne phITI re' (53) ane vAdaLa ne macyuM re' (30)mAM maLe che. zvAsano zo vizvAsa", "Izane IraSA che nahIM jIva para, deha kAraNa rakhe sneha jAye,' -jevAmAM avAjonA punarAvartananI madadathI jANe

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182 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa- 1 artha AgaLa vadhe che. prAsa ane AMtaprAsa sAmAnya rIte anAyAse sadhAtA Ave che. "vAsaDiyAM' sAthe AkhA pada (58)mAM prAsa yojyA che, tema ja khoTI' sAthe 'jhoTI', DoTI' Adi bIjA eka padA34) mAM. eka pada (41)mAM pothe sAthe badhI paMktiomAM prAsa meLavavA jatAM chellI AThamI paMktimAM takalIpha paDI lAge che, jenA nivAraNamAM narasiMhano sabhAna kalAkasaba joI zakAya che. "bhaNe narasaiyo, bheda jANI juo, meM to racI kahyuM pada cothe' -emacothI kaDI hoI, cothe zabda prAsa mATe goThavIne e kAma kADhI le che. "sAta sAMdhuM tyAre teTa tUTe e lokoktinA prAsamAM AvatA "raMka manAvuM tyAM rAya rUThe mAM raMkane manAvavAnuM citra nAjuka che. varNasagAI ane AMta>>AsamAM to mahetAne kAMI mahenata ja paDatI nathI. mUrakha mamatA kare, bhUtaLa bhamatA phare' - evAM to saMkhyAbaMdha udAharaNa maLaze. eka ardha paMkti "ADaDo re paDyo che ahaMkAra' (30)mAM "ADo' nuM ADaDo rUpa, pachI Avato re', tema ja 'Da', "ra', "o-e' ane "AnAM punarAvartana paristhitinI vikaTatAne surekha upasAvavAmAM upakAraka nIvaDe che. bhaktijJAnano samagra kAvyaguccha e narasiMhanI pariNata prajJAnI prasAdI che ane gujarAtI bhASAnuM amoluM dhana che. 4. ujvaLa vANI padavaibhava narasiMhanI kRtio mukhyatve dezI DhALomAM racAyelAM geya pado che. judA judA rAgamAM e gAvAnAM che. padanuM pageruM lokagItomAM maLaze. khAsa karIne samUhagItomAM ane nRtyagItomAM Teka jevuM paNa hoya. bhAgye ja koI lokabolI evI haze jenI pAse padonI mUDI na hoya. - narasiMhanA samaya sudhImAM padono kAvyaprakAra pracalita thayelo che. pUrvamAM jayadevanA "gItagoviMda'mAM dezI DhALo saMskRta racanAmAM sudhdhAM svIkArAyelA joI zakAya che. caMDIdAsa vidyApatinAM pado pUrva bhAratamAM bhakti AMdolanane bhAre vega Ape che. te pUrve uttaramAM ane pazcimamAM bauddha sAdhaka ane nAtha siddhonAM pado pracAramAM che. kAzImAM kabIra padapravAha vahevaDAve che. vRndAvanamAM paNa sUradAsanAM padono "sUrasAgara' pragaTyo tenI pahelAM padonI paraMparA khIlelI hovI joIe. uttara-pazcimamAM zikhonA graMthasAhebanAM pado. tyAMnI padaparaMparAnI sAkSI pUre che. dakSiNanA nAmadevanI marAThI racanAo abhaMgamAM che, paNa emanAM keTalAMka hiMdI pado

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narasiMha mahetA 183 graMthasAhebamAM samAviSTa che. gujarAtamAM tema ja mAravADa-rAjasthAnamAM (kemake narasiMhanI bhASA mArugurjara-DaoN. tesTiorI jene jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI kahe che te-che) apabhraMza dvArA maLelo padaprakAra khIlelo che. apabhraMza mAtrAmeLa dezIo ane padono sagaDa nATyazAstranI dhUvAo ane kAlidAsanA 'vikramorvazIyamAM maLe che. "narasiMha potAnA samaya sudhImAM vikaselI padaparaMparAne potAnI pratibhAkkathI bhAre cetanavaMtI karI de che. padonA DhALanuM kAThuM, ghaNuM kharuM, koI ne koI mAtrAmeLa chaMdanuM baMdhAyeluM hoya che. narasiMhanA DhALo doharA, copAI, harigIta, savaiyA, jhUlaNA, AdinI dezIo che. emAM jhUlaNAnI dezI e enI mAnItI che. te racanAo prabhAtI rAgamAM gavAtI tethI "prabhAtiyAM'ne nAme lokapriya thaI che. A jhUlaNAnI dezI aMge kezavarAma kA. zAstrIe eka tarka karyo che. 37 mAtrAno jhUlaNA akSarameLa rUpamAM (gAlagA gAlagA, gAlagA gAlagA, gAlagA gAlagA gAlagAgA) che, cha, cha ane cAra zrutinI ema kula 22 zrutinA cAra TukaDAono thAya. marAThI ovI ane temAMthI vikaselo abhaMga che, cha, cha, cAra ema 22 zrutino cAra paMktino saMkhyAmeLa chaMda che. te zrutio laghuguru game te hoI zake. e paMktio jo jhUlaNAnA akSarameLarUpa (gAlagAgAlagA, gAlagAgAlagA gAlagAgAlagA, gAlagAgA) nI hoya, to 22 zrutinA abhaMganuM mApa 22 zrutinA akSarameLa jhUlaNA jevuM ja banI Ave. dA.ta. "nAmadevagAthA'nA hajAro abhaMgomAM koI koI paMktio akSarameLa jhUlaNAnI ke lagabhaga e rIte uccArI zakAya evI maLavAnI : pAhiliyA kSaNI nAsatI pAtarka, aisiyAsI tuke duje koNa... bhUmi te rAhilI viSNu cakrAvarI, vaikuMThIcI parI sarvayehaiM. (39) puMDalike tathA ANi raMgaNI, kaTAvarI pANi ThelUniyAM. (460) ATalA sAmya uparathI ke. kA. zAstrI tarka rajU kare che : "ovI ane abhaMganA mULamAM jhUlaNA jevo chaMda haze? A abhaMgamAMthI pachInA narasiMha mahetAne jhUlaNAnA sAme jhUlaNAbaMdha sAdhavAnuM banI AvyuM haze? narasiMhanA nAmanI chApa "bhaNau naraseM ne ke "bhaNaI narasai ane "narasiMAcA svAmI' enAM kAvyomAM TheraThera maLe che. nAmadeva potAnA badhA abhaMgone cheDe moTe bhAge "nAma phaLa Ape che. uparAMta keTaleka ThekANe "no svAmI suravI sAruM', "nANI svAmI rari matte viMta,' ema "nAkhyAvI svAmI' paNa Ape che. AnuM sAmya narasiMhamAM haze? vaLI hArasamenAM padomAM "avanIdharA "dAmodarA' 'devakInaMdanA 'vizvanAthA' kezavA"

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184 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 'ThAkurA' vagere saMbodhanomAM 'A'kArano praveza zuM batAvI zake?"50 nAmadevanI racanAono, saMbhavataH yAtrika bhakto dvArA, narasiMhane paricaya che ja. marAThI bhASAno SaSThIno pratyaya, kriyApadarUpo, vagere gujarAtImAM narasiMha pahelAMthI pracalita lAge che. 'A'-kArAnta saMbodhana mATe juo 'jaLakamaLa chAMDI jAne bALA' (narasiMha), ane 'kaMthA, tuM kuMjara caDhyo' (ajJAta). bhaNe-mhaNenA sAmya uparathI anumAna karavAnuM na hoya. saurASTramAM bolacAlamAM hajI, bhaNe DAbo mAraga lejo'- e rIte 'kahuM chuM'- nA arthamAM 'bhaNe' vaparAya che. zuM mahArASTramAM, zuM gujarAtamAM, zuM dUra uDIsA-mithilAmAM, ApaNA kavio bhaNe' ja ne? (ke.kA. zAstrInI najara bahAra e nathI. mati nayaDeva 51 bhanaI vidyApati'para emaNe noMdhyA ja che.) bhASabolIonA sAmyane kAraNe, sAMskRtika sAdezatAne kAraNe, AvAM rUpo ane bhagavAna mATe 'svAmI' jevA zabdanA prayogo eka karatAM vadhu bhASAmAM maLavA asaMbhavita nathI. paNa A vigato eTalI mahattvanI nathI. jhUlaNA-abhaMganuM sAmya emaNe cIMdhyuM che te rasaprada che ane bIjAM sahAyaka kAraNo sivAya paNa e chaMdo upara najara rAkhIne ja, eno vicAra karavo ghaTe. chaMdovidane sUjhe evo A tarka che. paNa emAM marAThI ovI-abhaMganI anaMta zakyatAone choDI daI eka ja DhAMcAmAM, jhUlaNA baMdhamAM, ene DhALavAno rahe ane gujarAtInA jhUlaNAne paNa e mAtrAmeLa hovAne kAraNe enuM je lavacIkapaNuM ('ilesTisiTI'no marAThI paryAya) che tene badale mAtra eka dRDha akSarameLa baMdha ja svIkAravo paDe. jJAnezvara, nAmadeva, tukArAma evA sajjaDa ovI-abhaMgamAM hAlIcAlI zake nahIM. narasiMha dRDha akSarameLa baMdhamAM pAMkho phaphaDAvI zake nahIM. abhaMga ane jhUlaNAnAM anekavidha rUpomAMthI pratyekanuM amuka eka ja cokkasa rUpa svIkAravAmAM Ave to baMne vacce AkArapUratuM sAmya pragaTe che,-e hakIkata parathI tarka karavA ADe moTI vastu e vIsarAI gaI che ke ovI-abhaMga saMkhyAmeLa che ane eno laya saMkhyAmeLapaNA para AdhArita che ane narasiMhanA jhUlaNAno laya saMkhyAmeLa5NA 52 avalaMbato nathI, mAtrAmeLapaNA (akSarameLa paNa eka cokkasa AkAre mAtrAmeLa hoya che) 52 avalaMbe che ane mAtrAmeLa hovAnA kAraNe ja enI svAbhAvikatA che. saMkhyAmeLa abhaMganA aneka AkAromAMthI mAtra eka viziSTa AkAra-jhUlaNA te badhAnA mULamAM hato ane enI upa2thI marAThI abhaMga chaMda banyo ane gujarAtImAM jhUlaNA chaMda e abhaMganI dezI che--evI saMbhAvanA atyaMta dUrAkRSTa che. ovI-abhaMgathI judA ja prakAranA layavALo mAtrAmeLa jhUlaNA gujarAtamAM tema ja dezamAM pracAramAM hato. narasiMhe ene potAnuM vAhana banAvyo che. 53

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narasiMha mahetA 185 saMkhyAmeLa chaMda be kRtiomAM jovo zakya che : "narasiMha mahetA kRta kAvyasaMgraha mAMnA 'vasaMtanAM pada-pa ('narasaiyAno svAmI rUDo herAve akhaMDa cUDo, te jonI saMsAra kUDo, prabhu preme bhare') ane 85 ("dIThe kIje helA melo, Aja dina akSe kahejo, narasaiyo tyAM raMga jue, rasaraMga thAze') mAM kavitanA ATha ATha kRtinA traNa TukaDA ane aMte traNathI cha yuti jovA maLe che. A baMdhane lavacIka karavAno prayatna thayo che. A baMnenA upADa ("Avyo Avyo re rUtuno rAya', 'Avyo Avyo re vasaMta mAsa')mAM zarUAtamAM 'Avyo' umereluM che. "nI' umerIne paNa evI asara upajAvI che (1karonI nakhazikhahAsa', padharAvonI vanamALI). A jANe kavitanI dezI banavA jAya che. chellA nAnA aNasarakhA TukaDAne maLatuM jUnI gujarAtI racanAomAM kadAca maLe, tema chatAM e TukaDAo parathI koI marAThI jevI layalaDhaNanA prabhAvanI saMbhAvanA paNa uddabhave che. eka marAThI layalaDhaNa narasiMhamAM spaSTa joI zakAya che. mAmeruM 5)nA jananIe melyA nara jIve, strI-vihoNA marI jAya re mAya... kRpA kaTAkSe juo ama upara narasiMyo kAM visArilA, mAya?" -padamAM AvatA "mAya', re mAya'-no pracAra gujarAtImAM kadAca hoya, paNa "visArilA' marAThI rUpa paNa A kRtimAM che, ane marAThI kRtiomAM to paMkti aMte "mAya' jovA maLe ja che. nAmadevagAthAmAM aneka dRSTAMto maLaze : "harinAtha goDa jAle kAya sAMgo ge mAya' (246), viju khaLe garjinale ge mAya' (251), yamunA jaLehI kALI no mAya... gaLAM motI ekAvaLI kALI vo mAya' (255). narasiMhanI kRtino laya cokhkho savaiyAnI dezIno che, paNa aMtanuM re mAya' marAThI asara nIce hovA pUro saMbhava che. nAmadevanI ahIM utArela paMktiomAM AraMbhamAM ATha zrutinA saMkhyAmeLa TukaDA che, je 'vasaMtanAM pada -pa ane 85 upara marAThI layalaDhaNanA prabhAvanI saMbhAvanAne paNa puSTi Ape che e joI zakAze. narasiMhe jhUlaNAnI dezIo sivAya bIjI dezIo paNa gAI zakAya e rIte yojI che. samUhamAM gavAya evA garabA-rAsa paNa eNe racyA che. AkhyAnanuM svarUpa haju khIlyuM nathI, narasiMha padamAlArUpe AkhyAnakalpa racanAo Ape che. cAturIomAM eka cAturImAM kyAreka eka ja pada hotuM nathI. ke. kA. zAstrI cAturIonA IcchArAma desAInA pATha pramANenAM koI pado, yogya rIte, jhUmakhAM hovAnuM sUcave che. tevAM saMzodhita pAThamAM paNa keTalAMka jovA maLe che. goviMdagamana (je have narasiMhakRta lekhAtuM nathI)nI te narasaIe gAI vividha vilAsamAM re, nAma tenuM sahastrapadano rAsa' - e paMktimAMthI sUcana laI, IcchArAma desAIe

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186 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa- 1 rAsasahastrapadI' zIrSakathI pado ApyAM paNa tenI saMkhyA 189 che. vivAha'-AraMbhe sAkSAtkAranAM padomAM lakSa savA kIrtana taNo nIma karyAnuM kavi kahe che, paNa narasiMhanAM lekhAtAM pado bahu nathI. badhAM maLI soLasonI" AsapAsa thavA jAya che. ke. kA. zAstrI lagabhaga saM. 1700 AsapAsanI hastaprata uparathI saMpAdita karIne 390 (jemAM 208 navAM che) pado ApatAM lakhe che : "narasiMha mahetAnAM A padonI puSyikAmAM 'ti viSNupa samApta evuM vidhAna che. eTale A 390 pado " viSNupada tarIke jANItAM hatAM ema samajAya che."57 A "viSNupada saMjJA narasiMhanAM 390 pado mATe ja nahIM, paNa sAmAnya rIte vaiSNavomAM gavAtAM tamAma bhaktipado mATe pracalita saMjJA che. hiMdI sAhityanA bRhat ItihAsa (caturtha bhAga, saM.2025 pR.50)mAM pado vize eka vizeSa ullekha che . tathA pIche vaiSNava bhaktoM ke yahAM 'viSNupadakI saMjJA dI gaI bhI dekhI gaI.' khuda narasiMha pote paNa bhaktijJAnanAM pada(38)mAM vaiSNavothI gavAtI bhaktimaya racanAono viSNupadathI ullekha kare che : tuM ema jANe je harijana huM thayo, viSNupada gAI thayo bhakta bhavamAM." narasiMhane gujarAtI bhASAmAM padaprakAra lokagItorUpe, bhajano rUpe ane apabhraMza ane apabhraMzottara tema ja mArugurjara jaina kavionI kRtio rUpe ThIkaThIka kheDAyelo sAMpaDyo. eNe ene hRdayaroganA saptakanA badhA sUro khIlavavA mATe yojavo, sukumAramAM sukumAra lAgaNIothI mAMDIne bhavya pragalma bhAvo e kAvyaprakAra dvArA eNe vyakta karyA ane padane eka nIvaDelA prakAra tarIke vArasAmAM Apyo. narasiMha pachI aneka kavioe paNa ApyAM che. Aje paNa e prakAra pracalita che. samasta gujarAtI padasAhityamAM vaDero taibhava narasiMhane kAraNe che. kAvyasiddhi narasiMhanA samagra kRtisamUha uparathI enI kavipratibhAnI kevIka chabI UThe che? - narasiMhanuM ukitabaLa tarata dhyAna kheMce che. laya ane bAnI para e ThIka ThIka AdhArita che. narasiMhanI zabdasRSTi rasaghanatAno vAraMvAra anubhava karAve che ane sAthe sAthe kyAreka bhavyatAno paNa. keLavAyelA kAnane narasiMhanI layasUjhano khyAla enAM zata zata gItonA upADa upara UDatI najara nAkhavAthI paNa AvI jaze. te te bhAvaparisthitine anurUpa layAndola sAthe enA zabdo AgaLa vadhatA hoya che. "cAMdaliyo ramavAne Alo'nI zizunI raDha hoya ke mathurA jAo to mArA sama ho lAla' e virahabhIru

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narasiMha mahetA 187 gopInI manAI hoya, mehulo gAje ne mAdhava nAce'-nI ullAsaanubhUti hoya ke 'veraNa rAta malI'-nI viyogavyAkuLatA hoya, 'mAro nAtha na bole bola abolAM marIe re'-e praNayanI marmavedhakatA hoya ke nIrakhane gaganamAM koNa ghUmI rahyo' -e vaizvika jhAMkhI hoya, narasiMha haMmezAM laya dvArA sAruM evuM kAma kADhI le che. ekalo jhUlaNA joIe to jhUlaNA ene aneka bhAvaparisthitione anukULa kAma Ape che. 'vaDo re govALiyo koNa thAze' nI gharALu vAtacItathI mAMDI moriyA aMba, kokila kadaMba lave, kusuma kusuma rahyA bhramara jhUlI'nI mAdaka citrAtmakatA ane premarasa pAne tuM moranA picchadhara'no virATa talasATa badhA mATe narasiMhanA hAthamAM jhulaNA eka samucita mAdhyama nIvaDe che. keTalIkavAra kavi eka gItanA aMtanI paMktine bIjAnA AraMbhanI paMkti tarIke yoje che. pada 137-38mAM ane 139-40-41 mAM e rIte padasAMkaLI sadhAI che. sarjakatAno udreka niyaMtraNa nimaMtrIne AkArabaddha thavA mAgato hoya e AvA unmeSomAM joI zakAya che. gItonI aneka sukumAra bhAvabhaMgIo mATe yogya zabdAvalI kavine sAMpaDe che, to adhyAtmajIvananI bhavya udAtta sapATI paNa kavino zabda saheje sara karI zake che. gujarAtI bhASA narasiMhane kyAMya ochI paDatI nathI. AtmajIvananI gUDha, sUkSma, sukumAra vAtane mUrta karavA mATeno zabda ene sahejamAM maLI rahe che. darzananI gahana vastu netramAM nAtha che' eTalA traNa sAdA zabdomAM e sAkAra karI zake che, to adhyAtma jIvanAra vyaktinuM surekha citra 'cAle sAcuM' e be sAdA gujarAtI zabdo dvArA apUrva rIte e AlekhI zake che. kavinuM bhASAprabhutva evuM che ke yogya zabda yogya sthAne AvIne jANe ke anAyAse goThavAI jAya che. saMskRtano paricaya ene ThIkaThIka che, paNa kavinuM kharuM baLa gujarAtI bhASAbhaMgIonI zakyatAono pUro lAbha levAmAM raheluM che. zRMgAraprItinAM UrmigItomAM joI zakAya che ke bolacAlanA prayogone mabalaka pramANamAM eNe potAnI kRtiomAM vaNI lIdhA che. kavino kAna saravo che. sarakhA avAjo enI zravaNaparidhi bahAra rahI javA pAmatA nathI. prAsamAM enA bharapUra purAvA maLe che. pote marAThInI chAyAvALAM kriyArUpo apanAve che to kayulApiyulA' (196) jevA prAsa racI AnaMde che. rAdhA patra pUro karatAM kRSNane kubjA aMge ToNo mArI le che temAM narasiMha prAsanI zakyatA paNa joI le cheH pharI pharI lakhajo patra, ke kubjA kahe to re, hAve caraNe lAge tArI dAsa, narasiMha maheto re' (zuM. 509). keTalAka dAkhalAomAM sahaja zabda prabhutva che ke sabhAna kasaba che te nakkI karavuM muzkela che. paNa zabdalIlA-layalIlA vagara narasiMha rahI zakato

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188 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 nathI. 'havuM to havuM paNa have saMbhALaje (143)-mAM havuM-have'mAM evI ramata che. sAramAM sAra avatAra abaLA taNo' (bhakti-23) mAMnA bolakA anuprAsa koInuM dhyAna rokI rAkhe, paNa narasiMha pote je baLe baLibhadravIra rIjhe', ema AgaLa vadhI abaLA-baLa-(ane kRSNa mATe yojelA paryAyamAMnA) baLi uparanI ramatamAM rAcato joI zakAya che. "adekhA loka te adakA bole' (zuM.para5) mAM bolacAlanA sarakhA uccAra (adakhyA-adakayA) no lAbha laI jarIka upahAsanI chAMTa umerI che, to "pAvazaruta paradeza padhAryA te nara pazuA kahIe re' (280)mAM varNasagAI ke padhAryAnA kaTAkSa karatAM pAvazaru ane paradezamAMnA paza' uccAromAMthI UpasatA pazu avAja dvAra vadhu tIvra kaTAkSa sUcavAyo che. durijana' uparathI cAlatI kalame, balake cAlate kaMThe, e viruddhArthI zabda "surijana' nipajAvI le che : "durijana hoya te dUra the rahejyo, surijana maMdira mAMhe(201). bAraiyaDA tuM piyune kAM zaMbhAre?" (215) gAtAM ene anuprAsathI sUjhe che "bApaiyo nahi, kharo pArpayo, janama-co verI amAro." kavino eka atyaMta vedanAmadhura udgAra che: "vAro re olyAM paMkhIne, mArI khAkhatya paDiyo... AdhI rAtya pukAre, bapaiyo nahi, pApaiyo, maratIne mAre' (243). citro ramatAM mUkavAM narasiMhane ramata vAta che. emAM enI aucityabuddhi paNa ucca suruciyukta jaNAya che. "dUdha tUThA meha... sAkara kerA karA paDayA jevuM varNana to paraMparAmAMthI maLyuM hoya, paNa prabhukRpA pAmyA pachI potAno bhAva pragaTa karatAM e kahe che : "kIDI huto te kuMjara hai UThiyo vivAha-2). kRtArthatAnuM ane AtmAnA (sAkSAtkAra pAmelI cetanAnA) gauravanuM AthI vadhu suMdara Alekhana bhAgye ja thaI zakyuM hota. jaLakamaLa to AkhuM eka citramAlA samuM che. eka moTA ane dekhItA aNasarakhA vaMdvayuddhane rajU karatI e citramAlAnA AraMbhanuM citra prathama zaoNTa) zAMtasuMdara jaLakamaLanuM hoya e aucitya-ane-saundaryadaSTi to narasiMha jevAnI ja hoI zake kyAM che kAlIya - ema paDakAratA dhUMApUMA kRSNanuM citra ApavAne badale nAgaNa pAse jAne' evI vinaMtI karAvavAmAM ane te dvArA nAganA bhayathI taddana askRSTa lAgato bALaka jaLakamaLa nahIM paNa nAganuM mastaka-kamaLa lIdhe raheze evA amaMgaLanI AzaMkAthI pIDAtI nAgaNanI Arata pragaTa karavAmAM ghaNuMbadhuM lAghava che. "dANalIlA vAstavacitronI mALAmAMthI ekadama rAdhAnuM-nArInuM bhavyasuMdara citra jhaDapavA tarapha dhase che. narasiMhanAM saphaLa gIto viziSTa laya ane bAnIthI ghaNuM kharuM gopInA koI ne koI mijAjanAM lAvaNyabharyA citrAMkano banI rahe che. varyu viSaya neti' thI varNavAya evo hovA chatAM, premabhaktinA baLe, gopIkRSNa-saMbaMdhanAM

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narasiMha mahetA 189 aneka citro AlekhavAmAM narasiMhe potAnI apUrva citranirmANazakti reDI che. ane tema chatAM koI vAra koNa varaNava karuM, ehanI ehane eha zobhA (70) ema hAtha khaMkherI nAkhIne e camatkRti sAdhI le che. narasiMhanA citralokamAM kara nakha rAtA kAmaniyAM' (86) jevI kamanIya vIgata hoya che. to brahma laTakAM kare brahma pAse' jevuM mAtra pAMca zabdomAM mAyAnuM, saMskRtamAM tene vize lakhAyelA samagra lakhANapuMja karatAM kadAca vadhu vizada darzana karAvatuM, bhavyalalita Alekhana paNa che. jAgyuM tyAre jhAMjharano jhamakAra' (zuM. ra9) mAM citraloka e zrutiloka paNa banI rahe che. bApayo nahi, pAraiyo, maratIne mAre jevI vedhaka rasaghana ukti hoya ke zerIe zerIe sAda paDAvuM, gheraghera hIMDuM jotI re, rANI rukimaNInI koTe meM to oLakhyAM mArAM motI re' (zuM. pa39) jevo saraLa upAlaMbhavALo, ke "mArAM te varasa vahAlA huM zuM re jANuM? mAsa to thayA che mane ekaso ne bANuM' jevo naryo ramatiyALa, UrmilalakAra hoya, laya ane bAnI dvArA tema ja baMnemAM bhaLelI bolacAlanI chaTA dvArA narasiMha te te bhAvaparisthitine lIlayA anurUpa AkAra ApI zakato joI zakAya che. - narasiMha jANe ke praNayinI strInI cetanA sAthe tadrupa banIne gujarAtI bhASAmAM tenA anekAneka rasamaya AkAro ApI gayo che. premanI lAlI narasiMhamAM seja para bIjI seja racIne' (zuM.24) jevA sthUla citraNamAM to tana zAkhuM, ghaTa paDayA re' (182) jevA gupta premavyathAnA virodharakhya zabdAMkanamAM ke nayaNAM neharasamacyAM mahArAM' (zuM.pa8) jevA bhAvane AgaLa dharatA AlekhanamAM jovA maLe che. "nAnakaDI nAra namatI cAle' (18) kAlidAsanI stonagrAnI yAda Ape che. "kAcha vAlyA kaTe, hAra ura zobhatA, sabala zyAmA-hari de re bhamarI' (68), "nAcatAM nAcatAM nayaNa nayaNAM bharyA, zyAma-2yAmAM kare capala cALA' (71) ane paDakhenA giranA jaMgalamAMthI upADela upamAnathI karelA gopIne vaza thayelA kaSNanA varNana kezarI kAna zAhI nacAvyo' (113) mAM uttAna bhAvanAM citraNo che ane lAlInA athavA narasiMha jene "raMgarela jhakajhoLa (71) kahe che tenA namUnA che. rasaghanatAnI dRSTie padomAM-UrmigItomAM narasiMhane vadhu saphaLatA maLI che. AkhyAnakalpa racanAo paNa thoDIka eNe ApI che. enAM AtmakathananAM lAMbA kAvyo tema ja 'sudAmAcaritra' mAtra padonI mALA na rahetAM, gujarAtI bhASAnI AkhyAnakavitAnA aruNodayanI jhAMkhI karAve evAM jarUra che. hUMDI' ane "mAmeruM' karatAM vivAhamAM narasiMhanI kathaka tarIkenI kaLA vadhu pUrNapaNe khIlI UThI che.

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190 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa- 1 camatkAranA tattvane emAM aMkuza taLe rAkhavAmAM AveluM che. bAnI paNa tejasvI che. AkhI kRtinA Avazyaka bhAgarUpa AraMbhanAM adhyAtma-anubhavanAM sAta pada ane chevaTanuM pada narasiMhanI AgavI zailInI uttama prasAdI jevAM che. "hArasamenAM padamAM e zailIno pUrato anubhava thato nathI. AkhyAnaka tarIke emAM saMtarpaka evuM ochuM jovA maLe che. mukhya eka AkarSaNa te kRSNa hAra paherAvyAnA camatkAraprasaMganuM che, jenA varNanamAM camatkRti nathI. kasoTI atyaMta halAvI nAkhe evI hoI Arta pukAranA uddagAranuM baLa pragaTavAnI zakyatA hatI, paNa teno anubhava paNa khAsa thato nathI. kRSNaviSayaka be kRtio "cAturIo ane "dANalIlA' mAMthI prathamamAM rAdhA rAdhA kare mAdhava jevAmAM narasiMhano avAja kvacit pakaDAI jAya che e ja, jayadevanA ochAyAmAMthI e anukaraNa bacI zakyuM nathI. "dANalIlA' svabhAvoktiothI ane ramatamatamAM kRSNane govardhanagiri para ucca biMdue pahoMcADI rAdhA-suMdarInA vaizvika darzanano je rIte yoga Ubho karyo che ane aMte veNu vagADatA mAdhavanI paDakhe rasalIna rAdhAne khaDI karI paDado pADI dIdho che e sahaja kathakakalAthI eka sucAru kRti rUpe dIpI UThe che. sauthI vadhu saphaLa che sudAmAcaritra', RSipatnInA tathA RSinA mAnavIya tema ja udAtta Alekhanane kAraNe ane saMghaTaka tattva tarIke "mitra' zabdanA mArmika upayogane kAraNe. "sudAmA caritra', vivAha" ane "dANalIlA' narasiMhanAM lAkSaNika AkhyAnako tarIke lAMbA samaya sudhI dhyAna kheMcAze. narasiMhanI kavi tarIkenI kIrtino AdhAra mukhyatve kRSNaprItinAM ane temAM paNa khAsa karIne zRMgAprItinAM UrmigIto upara ane jJAnabhaktinAM prabhAtiyAM upara rahyo che. zRMgAprItinAM UrmigItonI saMkhyA narasiMhanA kRtisamUhamAM sauthI vadhAre che, jo ke e saMkhyAnA pramANamAM, nakhazikha suMdara gIto gaNatara ja che. paNa bAkInAmAM paNa upADanI paMkti, gItanI aMdara koI dIptimaMta paMkti, ardhapaMkti, zabdajhUmakhAM ke ekAda layano laheko, kAMIka ne kAMIka ghaNuM kharuM jovA maLavAnuM ane e badhuM evI kRtione Aje kalAkRtio tarIke to bacAvI zake ema nathI to paNa narasiMhano hRdayarasa bhASAmAM kevA udvekapUrvaka vilasavA kare che enI pratIti jarUra karAve che. je UrmigIto ATalI sadIo pachI nIvaDelAM tarIke AgaLa tarI Ave che te enI prathama kakSAnA kavi tarIkenI khyAtine sArthaka Therave evAM che. kesarabhInA kAnajI(240), "bhoLI re bharavADaNa harine vecavA cAlI' (198), "cAla ramIe. sahI' (77), pAchalI rAtanA nAtha' (114), pAnaDI paToliye A koNa' (175), mehulo gAje ne mAdhava nAce' (hIM.3), "sakhI tArAM nepura reDa (zuM. 29), "aruNa

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narasiMha mahetA . 191 ude havo pUrava dizA thakI' (103), 'vrajano vihArI re amo ghera prAhuNalo re' (zuM.20), mAro nAtha na bole bola, abolAM marIe re', (zuM.5), 'kahAM jAuM re veraNa rAta malI' (zR.104), 'koNa puNye karI nAra huM avatarI' (117), jAgo re jazodAnA jIvana vAhANelAM vAyAM' (1.96), 'vahAlA mArA vRMdAvanane coka ke' (zuM.529), 'A jone re koI ALasa moDe' (ri.18), 'mohyA mohyA munivara rAyA re gorI tAre trAjuDe' ri. 19), A zo caturAnA cittano cALo re' (ri.11), thira thi2 cAMdalA ma ka2 veNuM' (380), jevAM saMkhyAbaMdha ramaNIya gIto narasiMha pAsethI maLyAM che. ane temAMnAM keTalAMka lokakaMThe-lokahaiye vaselAM che. vAtsalyagItomAMthI paNa thoDAMka e ja koTinAM nIvaDyAM cheH "o pelo cAMdaliyo, AI mune ramavAne Alo' (bA.16), 'jAgane jAdavA, kRSNa govALiyA' (bha.14), jazodA, tArA kAnuDAne sAda karIne vAra re' (bA.11), jaLakamaLa chAMDI jAne bALA' (bA.19). gujarAtI kRSNa-viSayaka gItonI samRddha paraMparAnI gaMgotrI narasiMhamAM che. narasiMhe sabaLa ane saphLa rIte gAyelA keTalAka bhAva pAchaLanA kavio paNa gAya che. keTalAka bhAga narasiMhamAM achaDatA che, keTalAka layanI prAthamika sthitimAM che, te pAchaLanAomAM surekha uThAva pAmatA jovA maLe che. A aMge narasiMhanuM RNa pachIthI AvatA kavio upara ghaNuM moTuM che. dayArAma to narasiMha vinA kalpI zakAtA nathI. bhaktijJAnanAM pado, premabhaktino mahimA karatAM ane jJAnamAM jaIne TharatAM pado, e narasiMhanA kavikIrtimaMdiranA kaLaza samAM che. enI saMkhyA paNa sArI evI che ane moTA bhAganAM lokajIbhe jIvatAM rahyAM che. sAmAnya upadezanAM 'sukhaduHkha manamAM na ANIe' (bha.65), 'ghaDapaNa keNe mokalyuM' (bha.61), 'bAlA te varanI pAlakhI (bha.60), 'je game jagatagurudeva jagadIzane' (bha.29), 'rAta rahe jAhera pAchalI khaTa ghaDI' (bha.15), athavA hirajanone UlaTabhera apanAvavAnAM giritaLATI ne kuMDa dAmodara' (bha.4) ane evA re amo evA re evA' (bha.5), athavA 'ame 2e vahevAriyA rAmanAmanA' (bha.13) athavA bhArataprasiddha vaiSNava jana to tene re kahIe' jevAM lokapriya pado uparAMta bhaktimahimAnAM, premabhaktimAM 2sabasapaNAnAM ane advaitAnubhUtinAM je pado maLe che te narasiMhanI paripakva pratibhAnA phLarUpa che. bhUtaLa bhakti padAratha moTuM' (bha.1), 'hira hira raTaNa kara kaThaNa kaLikALamAM' (bha.20), 'bApajI, pApa meM kavaNa kIdhAM haze' (bha.21), 'hira taNuM heta tane kema gayuM vIsarI' (bha, 27), 'kRSNakIrtana vinA nara sadA' (bha.19), 'samarane zrI hari,

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192 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2khaMDa- 1 mela mamatA parI' (bha.33), pArakI huMze mahatA kare prANiyA' (bha.34), "alyA, nAma pAmyo paNa rAmane nava lahyA' (bha.38), "mArA nAthajI ane bhakti dejo sadA' (bha.28), "nArAyaNanuM nAma ja letAM vAre tene tajIe re (bha.59), dhyAna dhara haritaNuM alpamati ALasu (bha.31), 'premarasa pAne tuM moranA picchadhara' (bha.24), "sAramAM sAra avatAra abaLA taNo' (bha.23) "akhila brahmAMDamAM eka tuM zrIhari (bha.40), eka tuM eka tuM ema sau ko stave' (bha.46), huM khare tuM kharo, huM vinA tuM nahIM', "nIrakhane gaganamAM koNa ghUmI rahyo' (bha.39), "devA) Adya tuM, madhya tuM. aMtya tuM trIkamA' (va.35), "sAMbhaLa sahiyara surata dharIne' (bha.57), jyAM lagI AtamA tattva cInyo nahIM (bha.43), "jAgIne jouM to... (bha.42), vagere pado gujarAtI prajAnI cetanAnA aMzarUpa banyAM che. - narasiMhano kAvyapiMDa bhaktino banelo che. eliyaTa kahe che ke koI kRti kavitA che ke kema tenI kavitAnAM dhoraNothI tapAsa thaze, paNa te mahAna kavitA che ke kema te to jIvananA saMdarbhamAM nakkI thaze. dharma, tattvajJAna, adhyAtma bIjA koI viSayanI jema kavitAnAM aMgabhUta banI zake che, banatAM rahyAM che. kavitAnI mahattAno AMka kADhavAmAM Ave te vakhate e, jo e kavitA banavA pAmyAM hoya to, kRtine uccatA arpavAmAM upakAraka bane. kavitApadArtha mATe jIvanabhara jikara karanAra eliyaTa potAnI upara niraMtara koI kRtino prabhAva paDyAM karyo hoya to te dAntanI divyaAnaMdagIti (DivAIna komeDI)no, ema kahe che. narasiMha adhyAtmavastune lIlayA mUrtatA ApI zake che. emAM ene bhASAno tamAma vaibhava-laya, zabda, kalpana AdipotAnI sarva sevAo ApI chUTe che. enAM bhaktijJAnanAM pado gujarAtI prajAe saikAothI hRdayasarasAM sAcavyAM che te e vastu sUcave che ke hRdayane vaza kare evI kazIka mohinI enA avAjamAM che. enI aneka uktio bhASAno sAmAnya bhAga banI cUkI che. mUrtatA arpavAnI zakti, upamArUpaka kalpanonI samRddhi, layahillola balake keTalIkavAra to layakepha, gharagaththu dIptimaMta zabdo, samagra bhAvaparisthitino supere aucityabharyo uThAva, - A badhAne lIdhe narasiMhanI racanAmAM eka prakAranuM AgavuM saMmohana jAme che. narasiMhamAM, zuM zRMgAprItinAM kAvyomAM zuM bhaktijJAnanAM kAvyomAM, saraLa rasaghana vANIno paricaya thAya che. banne prakAranI kRtiomAM vAraMvAra narasiMhanI AnaMdaghana anubhUtino aMda varatAyAM kare che. uparAMta narasiMhanA avAjamAM eka jAtanI advaitA-bhInAza che. vaLI, kyAreka kyAreka enA zabda ane layamAM evo uchALa Ave che ke e bhavyatAne jato sparze che. koIpaNa gujarAtI kavi karatAM

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narasiMha mahetA 193 narasiMhamAM A jAtano anubhava vadhAre thAya che. bhaktine "ujvaLa' kahI che. je bhaktakavi narasiMha vaDe ApaNI bhASA UjaLI che tene vize enA ja zabdomAM kahI zakAya : "ujvaLa vANI narasaiyA taNI' (pari. 2-92) narasiMhane thaye pAMcaso karatAM vadhu varasa thaI gayAM. gujarAtI bhASAnA Aja sudhInA kaviomAMthI pratyekanA arpaNano, te te kavine pAMcaso varasa thayA pachI, aMdAja kADhavA utkRSTa kalpanAthI yathAzakya prayatna karIne, narasiMhanA kArya tarapha dRSTi karIe chIe tyAre enI nyArI rasadIptino khyAla Ave che ane emAMno mukhyAMza bhASAnA jIvAtubhUta ciraMjIva aMza jevo jaNAya che. narasiMhanA AvavAthI gujarAtI bhASA rasasota banI rahe che. saMdarbhanoMdha : 1. nAnapaNamAM amArA kheDUbhAI pAsethI sAMbhaLelI paMktio. narasiMha mahetAkata kAvyasaMgrahanI paMktionA pATha (juo AgaLa "dANalIlA'mAM pR. 1178) sAthe A sarakhAvatAM suMdara pAThAntaro janamukhe kema thatAM rahyAM haze teno paNa khyAla maLaze. 2. giyarsana, jorja e, morDana hinduIjhama enDa ITsa DeTa Tu dha neriyansa, jarnala opha dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, 1907 3. pariSada-pramukhonAM bhASaNo', 1941, pR. 17. 4. dhruva, AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI, "kAvyatattvavicAra', 1947, pR. 256-279. saMdarbhanoMdha 2 pramANe munazI, kanaiyAlAla mANekalAla, gujarAta enDa iTsa liTarecara', 134, pR. 220. 7. e. ja. pR. 185 8. e. ja. pR. 245-6. 9. A AkhA lakhANamAM chUTakapadono jyAre kevaLa AMkaDo Apyo hoya tyAre te kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrI saMpAdita narasai mahetAnAM pada (208 navAM pada sAthe, 196 5-nA padano samajavo. 10. "zrInAmadevagAthA' saM. nAmadeva gAthAsamiti adhyakSa Do. sarojinI bAbara, pra. zAsakIya

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14 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 madhyavartI mudraNAlaya, muMbaI, 1970. AMkaDA gAthAnA che. nAmadevanuM narasI mahetA caritra to. nAmadeva vahelA thaI gayA hoI, prakSipta che. paNa pachInI marAThI kavitAmAM narasiMhanA ullekho maLe che. tukArAma (3250mA abhaMgamAM) narasiMha mahetAnI hUMDIno ullekha kare che. moropaMtanI eka AryA che : narasiMha nAma mahetA ahatAmalakIrti bhakta nAgara hA, yA vaibhavagAnI svamukhasahasI bhaNela nAga "rA'. 11. pro. zrI. ma. mATe, saMta, paMta, va taMta' pR. 4052. A abhiprAya mATe ane A carcA aMge juo DaoN. zaMkara dAmodara peMDase kRta mahArASTrAcA bhAgavatadharma : "jJAnadeva ANi nAmedava', 1969, pR234-5 12. paiDase, DaoN. zaM.dA, 'jJAnadeva ANi nAmadeva, 1969, pR. 289 13. zAstrI, kezavarAma kAzIrAma, narasai mahetAnA pada, 1965, pR. 6. 14. e. ja, pR. 6; zAstrI, ke. kA, narasiMha mahetA - eka adhyayana', 1971, pR. 103. 15. zAstrI, ke. kA. narasiMha mahetA - eka adhyayana. 1971, pR. 96. 16. e ja, pR. 98. 17. e ja, pR. 108. 18. bIje -nI mAlA pATha jovA maLe che te parathI meM A saMbhAvanA rajU karI che. zAstrI, ke. ka, narasiMha maheto-eka adhyayana', 1971, pR. 104. 20. e ja, pR. 103. 21. e ja, pR. 102. 22. e ja, pR. 107. 23. munazI, kanaiyAlAla mANekalAla, narasaiyo bhakta harino', 1952, pR. 71. zAstrI, ke. kAnarasiMha maheto- eka adhyayana', 1971, pR. 11-111. - joke munazI tarata umere che ke saMvata 1572mAM ja hArano prasaMga thayo evo meM nirNaya svIkAryo nathI.' 24. zAstrI, ke. kA. narasiMha mahetA-eka adhyayana' 1971 pR 109. 25 e ja, pR. 109. 26. e ja, pR. 112.

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narasiMha mahetA : 195 27. dhruva, AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI, 'kAvyatattvavicAra', 1971, pR. 256-279. 28. e ja, pR. 277. 29. zAstrI, ke. kA., narasiMha maheto-eka adhyayana', 1971, pR. 73. 30. dhruva, AnaMdazaMkara bApubhAI, 'kAvyatattvavicAra', 1947, pR. 279. 31. diveTiyA, narasiMharAva bhoLAnAtha, 'gujarAtI laeNngaveja enDa liTarecara', 1932, pR.56 -57. 32. agAunA vidvAnoe I.1416- 1474no jIvanasamaya svIkAryo hato. desAI, icchArAma sUryarAma, nAma. kRta kAvyasaMgraha,' 1913, prastAvanA, pR. 24-25. 33. desAI, IcchArAma sUryarAma, 'narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha', 1913, prastAvanA, pR. 44. 34. zAstrI, kezavarAma kAzIrAma, 'narasiMha mahetA', nezanala buka TrasTa prakAzana, 1972, pR.4. 35. e ja. 36. A cAre kRtionA zraddheya pATha mATe juo zAstrI, kezavarAma kAzIrAma, 'narasiMha mahetAkRta AtmacaritanAM kAvyo', 1969. AMkaDA te te kRtinA kaDavAnA kramAMka samajavA. jhArInAM pada emaNe paNa 'narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha'mAMthI lIdhAM che. 'giritaLATI' ane 'evA re amo evA-' paNa emAMthI ja lIdhAM che. 37. diveTiyA, caitanyabALA jayendrabhAI, 'narasiMha mahetAkRta cAturI', 1949. avataraNo A zraddheya vAcanAmAMthI che. 38. desAI, icchArAma sUryarAma saMpAdita narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha', 1913, pR.157161. zIrSaka ane avataraNo A prakAzanamAMthI lIdhAM che. 39. aMte, tA.ka.lakhavAnuM nimitta ke. kA. zAstrInA ... nAmadevanA sudAmAcaritanA anukaraNamAM sudAmAnAM prabhAtiyAM vagere sAdara karI ApyAM ('narasiMha mahetA', nezanalabuka TrasTa, 1972, pR. 14) e zabdo che. - 40. desAI, icchArAma sUryarAma saMpAdita 'na.ma. kRta kAvyasaMgraha.' 1913, pR. 154-156. zIrSaka ane avataraNo A prakAzanamAMthI che. 41. kezavarAma kAzIrAma zAstrInA narasai mahetAnAM pada' (1965) nA pAThanI kiMmata narasiMhanA eka uttama kAvya cAlya 2mIe sahI, melya mathavuM mahI' (77)no pATha narasiMha mahetA kRta kAvya saMgraha'mAM 'vasaMtanAM padamAM pada 6 nA pATha sAthe sarakhAvavAthI samajAze.

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196 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 'kSitirasa tarazAkhAe pazaryo' (88) ne pATha na.ma. kRta kAvyasaMgraha pariziSTa 2, pada 88 sAthe sarakhAvatAM juvatIne vadane dadhuM mAM pIdhuM. kokilAsura mukharaMge'-mAM makaraMda ane chellI kaDI samajAya ja nahIM evA pheraphAra jovA maLaze. nAma.kRta kAvyasaMgrahamAM bhaktijJAnanAM padomAM kramAMka 8mAM mIrAMbAInAM vikha amRta kIdhAM che, je mIrAMbAInA purogAmI narasiMhanI racanAmAM hoI zake nahIM, eTale eTalo bhAga athavA AkhuM pada narasiMhakRta na hovAnuM Thare. ke.kA. zAstrInA saMpAdananA pada 16 8nA pAThamAM e paMkti nathI ane bIjA paNa pheraphAro che. mAre ahIM umeravuM joIe ke kezavarAma zAstrIe hastapratonI madadathI karelAM (ane caitanyabahena diveTiyA pAse karAvela) saMpAdananI gerahAjarImAM narasiMha vize kazuM paNa lakhavA meM taiyArI batAvI na hota. zAstrIjI pAsethI maLelI, pro. ratilAla vi. dave e vividha jUnI hastapratomAMthI utArela "narasiMha mahetAnAM aprakaTa padonI, nakalano paNa meM upayoga karyo che. ikola phrAMsanAM Do.zrImatI melisana narasiMhanAM padono eka laghu saMcaya, phrenca anuvAda sAthe taiyAra karI rahyAM che. kezavarAma zAstrI pAsethI narasiMhanI tamAma kRtionI zraddheya vAcanA maLe ema icchIe. te te padamALAnI carcA vakhate AMkaDA tenA padanA ApyA che. chuTaka padonAM avataraNo ApatAM, narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgrahamAMthI rAsasahasapadI, vasaMtanAM pada, zRMgAramALA, hIMDoLAnAM pada bhaktijJAnanAM pada- no nirdeza mAtra pahelA akSara rA, va, zuM, hIM, bha.-thI karI pachI te te gucchanA padano kramAMka Apyo che (va. 98 eTale vasaMtanAM padamAMnuM pada 98). te sivAya sAmAnya rIte AkhA lakhANamAM mAtra AMkaDo hoya tyAM te ke. kA. zAstrI saMpAdita narasai mahetAnAM pada (1965)nA padano kramAMka nirdeza che, 42. saMskRti', 1967, pR. 451. 43. havenI be kaMDikAmAM buddhiprakAza' sapTembara 1969; zAstrI, ke. kA. narasiMha mahetA eka adhyayana' pR. 251-55. 45. zAstrI, ke. kA. narasiMha mahetA', 1972, pR. 75; vaLI juo temanuM narasiMha mahetA eka adhyayana', pR. 26 2-3. 46. dave, ratilAla vi. e bhegAM karelAM narasiMha mahetAnAM aprakaTa padomAM bho. je. vidyAbhavananI hastaprata 1730 uparathI utAreluM aprasiddha pada (uparAMta, juo zAstrI, ke. kA. narasiMha mahetA 1972 pR. 81.) 47. e ja "

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narasiMha mahetA 197 48. e ja, phArbasa sabhAnI hastaprata 149 uparathI. 49. zAstrI, ke. ka, narasiMha mahetA - eka adhyayana',1971, pR. 142-47. 50. e ja, pR. 146-147. 51. zAstrI, ke. kA. "narasiMha mahetA', 1972, pR13. para. zAstrI, ke. kA. narasiMha maheto-eka adhyayana', pR. 150 (bhanAM vidyApati, suno varanArI" jevAmAM paNa che, chanA TukaDA che, paNa DhALa saMkhyAmeLathI taddana judo che.) 53. e ja, pR. 144 (1. calau calau...', 146 nI pAdaTIpo. 54. e ja, pR. 144-45 ke. kA. zAstrI spaSTa rIte e abhaMga ja hoya' ema jue che te barobara nathI. 55. zAstrI, ke. kA. narasiMha mahetA', 1972, pR. 33. pa6. soLasonI AsapAsa padasaMkhyA, nIcenI rIte gaNatAM, jovA maLaze : zAstrI, ke. kA. saMpAdita AtmacaritanAM kAvyomAM vivAha 35, mAmeruM 25. hUMDI 8, hArasamenAM pada pa1; "narasai mahetAnAM padamAM aprasiddha 208; diveTiyA, caitanyabALA. ja. saMpAdita cAturImAM 25; desAI, icchArAma sUryarAma saMpAdita narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgrahamAM dANalIlAna, sudAmAcaritra 9 rAsasahastrapadI 189, zRMgAramALA 541, vasaMtanAM pada 116, zrI kRSNajanmasamenAM pada 11, zrIkRSNajanmavadhAInAM pada 8, bALalIlA 30, hIMDoLAnAM pada 45, bhaktijJAnanAM pada 66, pariziSTa paheluM) 129, pariziSTa (bIjuM 111. 57. narasai mahetAnA pada', 1965 prastAvanA pR. 7. 58. sarakhAvo akho : "raMgarola-kola' (kaheta aSA bhayo raMgarola, sadA niraMtara he nakolamAM). -akho-eka adhyayana', 1973, pR. 311.

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198 5 AdibhaktiyuganA kavio kezavarAma kA. zAstrI bhIma I.15mI sadI uttarArdha sudhImAM bhIma enI "harilIlA-SoDazakalA' (bhAgavata-sArAnuvAda, vi. saM. 1541 -I.sa. 1485) ane saMskRta bhASAnA prabodhacandrodaya' nATakanA "copAI-pUrvachAyu mAM karelA gujarAtI padyAnuvAda (vi. saM. 1546 I. sa. 1490) thI jANavAmAM Avyo che. A baMne kRti chapAI gaI che. AmAMnI harilIlASoDazakalA' eNe "siddhakSetra mAdhava sarasvatI radradeva zrIkardama yati vagerethI kahI zakAtA uttara gujarAtanA tIrthadhAma "siddhapuramAM rahIne racI hovAnuM pakaDAya che, jyAre prabodha-prakAzanI to - bhavabhavabhaMjana zrIbhAratI, paMca pravAha vahi sarasvatI, zrI somezvara nija AvAsa, bhuvi mAMhi bIju kailAsa. 73 tIrathatilaka kSetra-prabhAsa, tyAM vasaI dvija narasiMha vyAsa te ghari sevaka vaiSNavadAsa kIdhuM ehi prabodhaprakAza. 74" - ema jyAM somezvarano potAno AvAsa che tevA prabhAsakSetramAM narasiMha vyAsa nAmanA bAhmaNanA ghera rahIne racanA karI spaSTa samajAya che. enuM vatana A bemAMthI kayuM e kahI zakAya nahi, paNa baMne tIrthomAM e rahelo che. narasiMha vyAsa eno AzrayadAtA haze, kAraNa ke prabodhaprakAza'nA AraMbhamAM eNe pote racelA be saMskRta zlokomAM gurupuruSottamane namana karI zrI nRsiMhanA prasAda (anugraha)thI racanA karyAnI e pratijJA kare che. 6ThThA aMkane aMte zrI puruSottama taNA prasAdano paNa ullekha karI le che." vedAMta-pAraga' puraSottama ane bIjA AzrayadAtA narasiMha vyAsanI kRpAnuM RNa e svIkAre che. harilIlA

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AdizaktiyuganA kavio 199 SoDazakalA'mAM paNa gurunuM RNa eNe svIkAryuM che, paNa tyAM "mahAriSi "dvija evo malmama ja ullekha kare che, jenAM vyakta nAma e prabodhaprakAzamAM Ape che. A mahAriSi' 'dvija -pAchaLathI puruSottama e bhAlaNa hovA vize saMbhAvanA karavAmAM AvelI, paNa have e matane koI sthAna rahyuM nathI, bhAlaNa bhImano uttarakAlIna siddha thayo hovAne kAraNe. harilIlA-SoDazakalA' e soLa khaMDomAM karelo bhAgavata purANano padyAtmaka saMkSepa che. enI pAchaLa ene baLa paM. bopadeve karelA bhAgavatapurANanA harilIlAviveka saMjJAvALA 178 zlokonA saMskRta graMthanuM che ane eno AdhAra rAkhI lagabhaga 2000 kaDIonI racanA sAdhI ApI che. eNe caMdranI kalAnI upamA ApIne sola kalA saMjIvanI bIju biMba mayaMka, pUrI pAtakanAzinI husaI kalA nikalaMka-. 70deg (ha. lI. kalA 1 lI). -ema racanA AgaLa laMbAvI che. Ama to bhAgavatanI kathAno saMkSepa ja che, paraMtu enA upara enA samakAlanI asara che. dazamaskaMdhanI kathA ApatAM rukmiNInA vivAhanA prasaMgamAM vidarbhadezane badale dakSiNa saurASTramAM AvelA mAdhavapura (gheDa. ji. jUnAgaDha)mAM e lagnanI ujavaNIno khyAla Ape che : 'dvArAvatI bhaNI sAMcaryA kezava balabhadra vIra. pukyA te mAdhavapurI, nagarI vasaI sAgari tIra. 1 tihA mahAnadI madhumatI, ati uchava rupiNIvana mAhi. hAtha melAvuM hari taNu, huI rANI rukamaNI vivAha. suranara pannaga AviA. 21 arthAt madhumatI-madhuvaMtI najIka Avela mAdhavapuramAM dara varSe je caitra sudi 9 thI 13 tithinA pAMca divasanA meLAnA prasaMgamAM tithi 12 nA divase. moTA samAraMbhathI najIkanA rupeNa vanamAM zrIkRSNanAM rukmiNI sAthenAM lagna UjavAya che tene khyAlamAM rAkhI bhIme A vidhAna karyuM che e spaSTa che. bhIme A dIrdha kAvyamAM mukhyatve to "cupaI' ane 'pUrvachAyu' (dohA) no upayoga karyo che. vadhArAmAM kyAMka cAlatI cupai' eTale savaiyAnI dezI paNa ApI che. vadhumAM jeone nAnAM kaDavAM kahI zakAya tevA nAnA nAnA ekama prabaMdha' mathALe paNa ApyA che. prasaMgavazAt aDayala, paddhaDI, aDhayA, dohA, soraThA, gAthA, vastu, bhujaMgaprayAtanI cAla, chappaya

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20 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa- 1 vagere paNa upayogamAM lIdhA che. vaLI atratatra gIta" "dhUla' vagere ApyAM che te geyatA" temaja "kAvyabaMdha' nI dRSTie khAsa mahattvanAM kahI zakAya. zarUmAM to saMkhyAbaMdha saMskRta zloko utArI enA padyAnuvAda ApyA che, upodyAtanA rUpamAM 2 eNe padone aMte "bhIma bhaNaI evI chApa "nAmA haNe "bhaNe narasiMyo' jevA prakAre Apela che. 6ThThI kalAmAM 'velAuli vANI gIta'. (bilAvala rAganuM gIta) ane AThamI kalAmAM prahalAde kareluM stavana "rAga dezAkha gIta' e baMne savaiyAnI dezInAM che." e ja DhALanuM bAramI kalAmAM rAsakrIDA -prasaMgamAM ApeluM eka gItaH rAsa-vasaMta-viraDI gIta AnaMda eka abhinavu re vRMdAvana majhAri. vaMza vajAI viThThala re, teNaI chaMdaI nAci nAri. vRdAMvani gopI nAcaI re, teNaI ragi rAci rAma. vRMdA. nAda madhura svari AlaI re, gAI harivilAsa. suMdarI savi navayauvana re raMgabhara khelaI rAsa. vRMdA. pAkhali vRMda vanitA taNuM re, mAhi sAmalana. bhIma bhaNaI : aMtara laya lAgu, dhina dhina gopIjana vRMdA.15 bhIme "manAmanAmantare mAdhava:" e lIlA zukanA kRSNakarNAmRtanA padyano bhAva ApatuM eka gIta rAsakrIDAnA prasaMgamAM ApyuM che, eno DhALa paNa navIna jaNAya che : gIta dhanyAzrI mAdhava aMtari nArI, aMganA aMtari hari, rAsakrIDA vaMdAvani ramaI AnaMda-bhari... pariNi pIta paTulI, hIra cIra cUDI phAlI, sovarNa mANika motI bhUSaNi bhUSita bAlI. naMdA. vINA mRdaMga tAla susvari vaMza vAsaMtI, nAnAvidha nRtya karaI, madhura gIta gAaMtI. naMdA. parama bhagati-lINI dhanya te golaNI nArI, bhImaI-caI svAmI zrIkRSNa saMsArasAgara tArI. naMda'.' bhIme kArikA ane "tUTakAnI paddhatino 'phagu-no prakAra thoDA bhede Apyo che; jevoke

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AdizaktiyuganA kavio 201 rAga sIdhu kRSNa kahaIH mujha Apu e mAga e, nAga na vAlaI tehA, haThi caDyuM e bhaNaI kuMtAraH abujha gopAla e. hAla puhutuM havaI tama taNuM e. trauTaka tahmataNa puhuta hAla, chUTuM nahI thaI bAla. kopi caDyu aMbai, moDile gaja atiduSTa. Avatu dekhI eha, hari pUchi sAdhu teha, tANiuM karatu cIsa, pAchu dhanuSa paMcavIsa'. bhIme rukmiNIharaNanA prasaMge pAMca dhula ApyAM che. karmaNamaMtrInI kRtimAM je prakAranAM dhUla maLe che tevAM A nathI, paraMtu nAkarathI laI pachInA AkhyAnakAromAM dhUla-DhAla-Uthalo' ekamanAM moTAM kaDavAM maLe che tevo ja A nAno ekama che. prabaMdha' kahI pachI ene cheDe "valaNa Ape che e prakAra 'phAgu' koTino ja kahI zakAya. rukamaiyAnA mAnakhaMDanA prasaMgamAM yojAyeluM nIcenuM dhUla' kAvyabaMdhano temaja bhImanI kavanazaktino paNa khyAla Apaze : dhavala kayuM rAga zrI-rAga rukya rAuta bhalu, bala bolAI diI gAli : kima jAIsi re tuM jIvatu majha Agali re vanacara govAla? cItAI mATu mAulu, havaI khUTu re kAnhaDa tujha kAla. bahini laI pAchu valuM, dekhatAM savi bhUpAla. karI pratijJA e sAMcaryuM. prabaMdha sAMcaraI gaI krodhabharI akSauhiNI dala eka, saMgrAma mAMDyuM kRSNa-zuM. mUkaI bANa aneka. zira kUca mUchi kApimAM lIlayAM zrIjaganAtha. te pazunI pari-bAMdhiyu, rathi ghAti lIdhu sAdhi. rukmaNI mAgaI mAna : mAdhava, baMdha bAlaka choDa, aparAdha kSami sAlA taNA, tahmanaI lAgaI khoDi, balabhadra AvyA, kRSNa vAsyA, vegaI kApyA baMdha. kezava taNu mahimA jANya, caraNi nADu kaMdha. valaNa haricaraNi nAmya kaMdha, vegi saMdhi kIdhI rAmi. nija naiyara dIdhuM tehanaI, gaNanAtha kIdhuM svAmi.1:

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202 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa- 1 AmAM "sarasvatIdhaulanA prakAramAM prabaMdhano baMdha-baharigItano dezI'no pakaDI zakAya che. AraMbhanA to be doharA ja che, jyAre "valaNa'mAM harigItanA DhALanI ja be paMkti parakhAya che. bhIme kAvyAMte dhanyAzrI' rAgamAM kalaza'nuM eka gIta ApyuM che. jene racanAomAM A paddhati jANItI che. Ama bhIme "harilIlA-SoDazakalA'mAM potAnA samaya sudhImAM jaina jainetara DhALo pracAramAM hatA teone samucita upayoga karI lIdho che. enI pAse bhASAnI sArI hathoTI che, jenA baLe e rocakatA lAvI ApI zake che. nRsiMhajanma samaye - zrI narasiMha koSi dhaDahaDaI, maMdira koTa kozIsAM paDaI. garjita kari bagAI bahu, deva-asura bala nAhU sahU. gahavara gupha sarIkhuM valaNa, jvalita -pAvaka bihU nayaNa. kara nakha saDha DasaNa vikarAla, hiraNyakazipu jANyuM kAla. zaMkA asura taNA mana mAhi, nAThA hariNa taNI pari cAhi jhaDapInaI lIdhu jaganAthi, caDyu kapota zIcANA hAthi'. A kAvyamAM pote eka vAra dvArakAnI yAtrAe gayo hovAnuM ane sAta saMskRta zlokothI prabhunI stuti karyAnuM to noMdhe che, paNa bhagavAne svamukhathI saMskRtamAM kahyuM ke "mArI kRpAthI tane mArAmAM daDha bhakti thaze ane pariNAme tyArathI enI bhakti nizcala thayAnuM e saMskRta zlokamAM noMdhe che. A enI bhaktinI tanmayatAnuM dyotaka che. prabodhacaMdrodaya' nATaka vikramanI 11mI sadImAM magadhanA rAjA kIrtivarmAnA rAjyakAlamAM mULa lekhaka kRSNamizra nAmanA kavie racyuM ane enA ja darabAramAM bhajavAyuM. evuM prastAvanAmAM Ave che. je anuvAda karatAM bhIme to - avanI keru bhAra UtAri AvyA hari dvArikA majhari. 303 sabhAmAMhi bAMThA dharI dhIra chapana koTi yAdava vIra; subhaTa mahAratha samaratha zUra, nija sevaka uddhava akrUra. 32 rAjA guNasAgara golaMda zrIpati pUraNa paramAnaMda. dharmazilA hari Agali sAra raciyuM nATaka karI vicAra. 3324 A enA zrI dvArakAdhIza taraphanA UMDA bhaktibhAvanuM mAtra dyotaka che, A nATaka dvArakAmAM nathI racAyuM ke nathI bhajavAyuM."

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AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 203 'prabodhaprakAza'mAM mukhyatve copAI ane pUrvachAyu (dohA)no prayoga jovA maLe che; vacce vacce vastu, padmaDI, maDayala, jaDayala, bhujaMgaprayAtanI cAla, ane chappayano paNa prayoga karI lIdhela che. A nATaka, pramANamAM, saMkSipta anuvAda mAtra che eTale bhImanI pratibhAno AmAMthI paricaya na maLe; Ama chatAM kyAMka kyAMka eNe zakti batAvavA prayatna karyo che. nIceno pAMcamA aMkamAno moha' ane 'viveka'nAM daLo vacceno yuddhano prasaMga : atha kavitA "bhaDai kaTaka ripu vikaTa, sabhaTa ghaTa Ayudha kUTaI sanmAna vachUTai zabda nighaDa kaTakaTaI, kandha tUTaI kaTitara-bAMha zakala sannAha mugaTamaNi, rudhira nadI, pala-paMka, kaMka-TUMkA samarAMgaNa. gajaratha turaMga pAIdala bahulA prANahIna puhutiM paDai, rAjA viveka ekalamalla mAmoha sirasu bhaDai.3127 - eNe trIjA aMkamAM 3, 6, 8, 11 e kaDInI 'cAlatI cupai' ApI che te saraiyAnI cAla' che. bhIme potAnI zakti pramANe samakAlIna sAhityakAronI haroLamAM paNa thoDuMka AgaluM sthAna meLavavAmAM zaktino upayoga karyo che. dhyAnamAM levA jevuM to e che ke 'viThThala' enI racanAomAM AvI gayo che.29 'viThThala' zabdanuM pradAna vA2karI saMtonuM che, e vize Aje matabheda nathI. bhIma saMskRta bhASAno jJAtA hovAnuM uparanI enI baMne kRtio jotAM kahI zakAya ema che. 'hiralIlA-SoDazakalA'mAM eNe thoDA zloka saMskRtamAM racyAnuM ApaNe joyuM che. vaM yuo nIvana yavubulamaMDana' thI zarU thatuM 'bhIma'nI chApanuM jhUlaNAnA DhALanI 3 kaDIonuM saMskRta pada maLI AvyuM che te enI racanA hoya to e asaMbhavita nahi hoya. svataMtra rIte noMdhAyeluM 'pi-na rasane nAma vimala rAghava tarUM suSakara saMsAra-zokaharaNa' e prakAranuM saMskRta-gujarAtI mizra pada bhIma kezavadAsa ka2 joDI vIvi, deva devesa ima isa boli' e rItanI chellI paMktivALuM cAra kaDIonuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che te paNa enI racanA hoya. A pada jo bhImanuM hoya to narasiMha mahetAnAM hArasamenAM padone Ameja karI lai prathama pacAsa padonI 'hAramALA' UbhI karavAmAM AvI ane pachI cosaTha-coryAzI vagerenA krama UbhA thayA teomAM AraMbhamAM saMnyAsIo sAtheno vAdaprasaMga khaDo karavAmAM Avyo che, A prasaMgamAM eka rAmabhakta 'bhIma' paNa eka pAtra tarIke Ave che. A 'rAmabhakta' 32

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204 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 33 bhImanA mukhamAM jApa-na rasane nAma vimala rAghavatarUM" e 'japa-na narasaiM vimala nAma rAghavataNuM' e rIte mukAyuM che. ANe eka saMbhAvanA UbhI karI che ke narasiMha mahetAnA hArasame'nAM padone saMkalita karI 'hAramAlA'no eka krama Ubho karavAmAM Avyo te kadAca A ja 'bhIma'ne hAthe. bhIma hAramAlA'mAM bIjA saMnyAsIo jevo saMnyAsI na hotAM rAmabhakta tarIke bhAga bhajave che. bhImanA mukhamAM prathamanAM 13 padomAM narasiMha ane bhImanI vacce TapATapI yojAi che, AmAMnuM 10muM pada te A uparanuM pada che. pachI vacce anya saMnyAsIonI sAthenA vAda pachI 30mA padamAM pharI bhIma Ave che,34 bahAranAM ane mAMDalikanA darabAramAMnA vAdanAM thaI bhImanI chApanAM 11 pada jovA maLe che. 30 mA padamAM bhIma 'vairAgya'nuM samarthana kare che, jeno narasiMha mahetAnA mukhamAM pratikAra jovA maLe che. hakIkate narasiMha mahetAnA avasAna pachI bhImane hAthe hAramAlA'nI saMkalanA thavAnI zakyatAne AnAthI baLa maLe che. ahIM jUnI pratomAM bhImanI chApanAM bIjAM paNa nAnAM traNeka pada-eka gaNapatinAM stavananuM, bIjuM sarasvatIne namana karavAnuM, ane trIjuM 'rAghava-rAma'nA stavananuM.pa maLe che e paNa A bhImanAM hoI zake. karmaNa maMtrI i. 15mI sadI uttarArdha] karmaNa maMtrI enAM'sItAharaNa'37 'kivA 'rAmAyaNa' ke 'rAmakathA'nA aMtabhAganA saMvata 5na2 chavvIsai sItAharaNa vicAra, kara joDI karmaNa tavai ahmaha girAAdhAra'thI lakhela che e 52thI samajAya che. ke e i.1470 (saM. 1526)mAM hayAta haze. eNe potAnA eka kAvyamAM potAne mATe 'maMtrI' vizeSaNa ApyuM hoI e koIka rAjyano kArabhArI koTino puruSa hoya. eka mahattvanI vastu e paNa jANavA maLe che ke vi.saM. 1512 (I.sa. 1456)mAM racAyelA padmanAbhanA 'kAnhaDade- prabaMdha'mAMnI paMktio 'sItAharaNa'nI keTalIka paMktio sAthe maLatApaNuM dharAve che9 ane prasaMga paNa ekasarakhA varNita thayA jovA maLe che, tethI e baMne kaviono nikaTatAno saMbaMdha paNa hoya. A rIte padmanAbha vIrasiMha ane karmaNa kadAca eka ja pradezanA paNa hoI zake. 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha' pazcima mAravADamAMnA jodhapura najIkanA jAloramAM racAyelo che. vIrasiMha ane karmaNa paNa tyAMnA ke nikaTanA pradezanA hoya. nAma uparathI kadAca e vaNika mezrI hoI zake. kavi tarIke karmaNamAM kAMI vizeSa maLatuM nathI. rAmAyaNanuM vastu laI hakIkatane rAmakathA saraLa bhASAmAM padabaddha ka2vAno eno mAtra prayatna che. A AkhyAnamAM 'pavADu' mathALe cAlu saraiyAnI 40

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AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 205 dezI uparAMta dehA-copAI' chaMdonA DhALa, ane eka mAtra chappaya' paNa prayojela che. 495 kaDIonI A racanAmAM eka 'sapanagIta'41 ane cAra phUla'42 paNa ApyAM che. A gIta 'saraiyAnI dezI'mAM che ane emAM eNe narasiMha mahetAnA prakAranI potAnI chApa ApI che. sapanagIta' : caga bhUpAlI 'eka acaraja sahI! A bhayUM bolai trijaTA bahina, rAma lakSmaNa bihU jANyuM laMkA AvyA vAnara-seni. mai lAdhUM sapanuM, sakhI! -dhruvapada bAMdhI pAja nIri tihAM nizcala; sAthi hanamata bhIMcha: vikaTarUpa dIsai vAnarA; raudra ghaNA mAMhi rIMcha. mAtA sItA! jANyuM vAnara trikUTa gaDhi caDiyA, savA lAkha suta, rAvaNu rANu, kuMbhakarNa raNa paDiyA. jANuM laMka vibhISaNa dIdhI, amara koDi tihAM maliyAH maMtrI karmaNa-cu svAmI ayodhyA rAma sItA leI valiyA. maMi maMi. maMi42 eNe ApelAM 'phUla'no, paraMparAno DhALa hiragItano na letAM saraiyAnI dezIno lIdho che, eTalo bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa'mAMnA 'sarasvatI dhaula' ane narasiMha mahetAnI cAturIonA DhALathI judo che. gujarAta-saurASTranA vistRta bhUbhAganI ane pazcima mAravADanI tatkAlIna sAhityika bhASAnI ekAtmakatA hatI e jaina temaja jainetara racanAo A beu bhUbhAgamAM racAyA karI che enAthI samajAya che. khaDAyatA vipra niMbAsuta boli, bhaNai travADI janArdana.'44 ane amarAvatIi upanu graMtha ratnanI prANi. janArdana travADI. I. 15mI sadI uttarArdha) jenI sAhityanI sevAno samaya vi.saM. 1548(I.sa. 1492) nizcita che te janArdana travADInuM padonA jhUmakhArUpe racAyeluM 'uSAharaNa' jANavAmAM AvyuM che. eNe potAno Acho paricaya potAnAM padomAM Apyo che : 43

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206 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 saMvana panara aDatAla varasa mAsa dAmodara sAra, bhaNaI janArdana kArtikI ekAdazI guruvAra." amarAvatI-umareThamAM niMbAnA putra travADI janArdane "saM.1548nA kArtika (sudi)11 ne gurUvAre [I. 1492) uSAharaNanI racanAkarI'. 'amarAvatI' e 'umareThanuM saMskRtIkaraNa mAtra che, kAraNa ke khaDAyatA brAhmaNonI vastI 'umareThamAM che, nahi ke saurASTranA amarelImAM 1 enI mudrita vAcanAmAM judA judA rAgonA mathALe "kaDavuM' zabda mukAyelo che. hakIkate 220 kaDIonuM A uSAharaNa' kAvya 36 padomAM vaheMcAyeluM che. baMdhanI daSTie e badhAM nathI zuddha pada ke hajI nathI banyAM kaDavAM'. 'kaDavAM e daSTie nathI banyAM ke AraMbhamAM dhuvAnI kaDIo jovA nathI maLatI ane DhAla paNa UthalA" ane valaNa' ne mATe to pacIseka varSa pachI nAkaranI racanAomAM javuM paDe che. janArdane cokhkhI 3 thI laI 9 kaDIo sudhImAM jhUmakhAM ApyAM che, jenuM sAmya narasiMha mahetAnAM pado sAthe lAge; paraMtu narasiMhe cAra ke pAMca sAdA ja baMdha prayojyA che, jyAre janArdane ATha jeTalA baMdhonuM vaividhya sAdhyuM che. kAvyanA viSaya tarIke eNe uSA-aniruddhanuM jANItuM vastu lIdhuM che. eNe te te prasaMgane lAghavathI, paNa rocaka banAvavAno prayatna karyo che. uSAnA janma-samayanI vadhAmaNInuM citra : nija guru mAga) vadhAmaNI e rA-ghari beTI pAudhAri. rUpi te tribhuvanamohanI e, lakSaNa naI guNasAra. nahIM raMbhA, nahIM karavasI e, menakA nahIM eha samAna. drijavaranaI rAi rIjhila e, bUjhiu jaga-phala koDi. deva gaMdharva ne nAga mAMhI e, joDhuM ehanI joDi. AkAza zabda ima uccAI e icchAvara varasi kumAri, janArdana bhaNaI : prANi kAMI nahaI e, huni na Talai saMsAri.0 AlaMkArika dRSTie kavi siddhine varI zakato nathI. kadAca tethI ja baMdhanI dRSTie vaividhya tarapha eNe mITa mAMDI che. yAdavonuM sainya caDI Ave che tyAre e vasaMtavilAsamAMnA sAMkaLI baMdhano Azraya laI rocakatA lAvavA AyAsa kare che, jema ke uddhava valiyA utAvalA re, vAulA yAdava yodhi, vADI vana UmeliyAM re, meliyAM karI virodha.

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AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 207 jhAlara bherI vAjiyAM re, gAjiyAM gahirAM nisANa. daSTa caDyAM daladavaDyAM re, kAyara paDaI parANa. bANaI baliyA calAviyA re, asaMgi eka ThAmi. poliA pADi beMbaDI re, caDavaDI caDhAu bahAra. prathama palA te pADiyA re, vAdavi visami prANAri vagere. AmAM paNa koI koI paMktimAM sAMkaLI ApI zakato nathI. kavacit vega sAdhavA prayatna kare che; jevo ke, svapnamAM aniruddhane joyA pachI citralekhAne e lAvI ApavA kahe che tyArano : uSA mAjhama rAyaNI jAgI re, aMga javAlA lAgI re, muhanaI kalaMga ja lAgU re, kanyAvrata mAhAruM bhAguM re. sayara bhaNiH suNa bAI re, kanyAvrata kemaI nahIM jAI re. uSA kahaI : mujha te varu re, avara puruSa pitA guru re. vara varasyuM e jokhi re, nahitu prANa tajuM tana sokhi re. uSA, pratijJA navi lIjai re, sahiyaranuM te vAryuM kIjai re. sahiyara kahe : mana mANu re, e vara gharathI jANayuM re. suhaNaI te lAkha baMdhAI re, te vihANAM mithyA thAI re. janArdana bhaNaI : uSA bolI re, tuhani rakSA karaI hiMgolI re. to mani navi ANe tApa re, umA zaMkara zira mAya bApa re. hakIkate 220 kaDIonA A kAvyamAM kavipratibhAno camatkAra taddana svalpa che, jyAre baMdhavaividhya sAdhI kaLAno opa sAdhavAno prayatna savizeSa jovA maLe che. eka vastu dekhAya che ke A racanAne vIrasiMhanA uSAharaNanA kathAnaka sAthe sAmya che, paraMtu baMne vacceno gALo jotAM rAjasthAnanA vIrasiMhanuM kAvya janArdananA jovAmAM AvyAnuM zakya nathI. hakIkate baMnee harivaMza ane bhAgavatanA kathAnakanuM anusaraNa karyuM che, jemAM vIrasiMha kAvyacamatkRti sAdhI Ape che, janArdana nahi. A samayagALA daramyAna kavi vAsue I. 1484-94; saM. 1540-50) saraLa rIte "sagALazA AkhyAna' duhA ane cupaImAM lakhyuM che. emAMnAM karuNa rasanI jamAvaTa karatAM be pada AkarSaka che. vIrasiMha [16mI sadI AraMbha sudhImAM kaDavAbaddha AkhyAnonI keDI bhAlaNe ApI "AkhyAnayuganuM saMsthApana karI ApyuM

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208 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 51 te pUrve paNa mahAbhArata-rAmAyaNa-anya purANomAMthI koI koI vastu laI saLaMgabaMdhanAM AkhyAna-prakAranAM bIja ropanAra narasiMha mahetAne bAda karatAM enA uttara kAlamAM thayelA AkhyAno gAnArA sAhityakAromAM vIrasiMha ('varasaMga') kadAca jANavAmAM Avelo pahelo che. eNe lagabhaga eka hajAra ardha-kaDIo (paMktio)mAM racI ApeluM 'uSAharaNa' prabaMdha-koTinuM kathAkAvyache, ane svarUpa uparathIjANe ke 'kAnhaDade-prabaMdha'nI adaloadala dhATI upara racAyeluM hoya, kAraNa ke jema emAM 'gIto' Ave che te pramANe 'kAnhaDade-prabaMdha'nI bhaTAulanI jema gadya paNa Ave che. vIrasiMha vize enA 'uSAharaNa'mAM pAMceka sthaLe 'varasaMga'nI chApa ApI che. e sivAya vizeSa kazuM jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. 'uSAharaNa'nI eka mAtra pATaNamAMthI maLI hovAthI e pATaNa ke AsapAsanA vatanI hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake. A hastapratanI le. I. 1513 hovAthI vIrasiMha I.16mI sadInA AraMbha sudhI thayo hovAnuM anumAna thAya che. eNe hiravaMza ane bhAgavata purANamAMthI vastu laI 'uSAharaNa' (hakIkate to 'aniruddhaharaNa')nI vizada racanA karI ApI che. kAvyatattvanI dRSTie vicAra karatAM zRMgAra ane vI22sano eka sAro namUno enI pAsethI maLe che. kathAvastu suprasiddha che, paNa kavie camatkRti ApIne ene kAvya koTimAM mUkavAno prayatna karyo che. pArvatInI bhUSAnuM varNana karatAM jovA maLe che ke - kedAra mAthA UparI maNijhalakaMtI kalAvaMtai ti kAla, hemarAkhaDI ratana baiThAM e zAmAsira vAla. nizi dIzi vayaNa rAtaDI rasanA, UMpari paMDura maitra sahithii sIMdUra bharInI haMsa motI laga zetra. nizi vAMsai ahi dIsatu dIrava sAhAtu pUcha sarehi, khAMti karI guMthu kSAmodara veNi-goNu eha. nizi sAhI vINi sati ima bolai, ju hui valagati nAga, yoginI jANajAlavI niti hakaMThi vilAga. nizi chAMDI vINI vAla kiyA mukatA; amayA e pira kIdhI. varasaMga bhaNai : pratIti upanI tu dIvaDI zaga kIdhI. nizi' ,53 pArvatI ane dIpakanI hoDa mUkI kavie dIvAmAM 'zaga' kema thAya che enI kavipratibhotya kalpanA rajU karI ApI che. A kAvyamAM kavie yathAsthAna gaurIpUjana mATe paurANika karmakAMDanI paddhatimAM

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AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 209 dekhAto ane sAthe potAnA samayamAM pracalita evo krama sArA svarUpamAM cItaryo cheH keTalAka sAmAjika vidhi paNa ApyA che. ApaNane 'kAnhaDade-prabaMdha'mAM maLe che tevAM nagara gaDha senA yuddha vagerenAM paNa AkarSaka varNana A kAvyamAM jovA maLe che. mukhyatve eNe "duhA" ane "cupaIno baMdha pasaMda karyo che, Ama chatAM bhujaMgaprayAta vastu gAthA paddhaDI sArasI e chaMdono paNa upayoga karI lIdho cheH copAI dAvaTIno baMdha paNa jovA maLe che. khAsa dhyAna kheMce che te judA judA DhALamAM ApelI dezIonAM gIta che. evuM eka gIta uparanuM kedAru rAganuM joyuM; e copAI dAvaTI-baMdhamAM che. sauthI paheluM 82 mI lITI pachI dohAbaMdhanuM Ave che : dhavala dhanyAsI sIsiI zaMkara tuha nami re, namia nahI dinarAta,. lekhuM lAgU nAliyare, paDi ati phaNAgara patti, sAMbhali ziva devA, bANAsura boli, deva nahI tahma toli. sAMbhali.54 cAlu duhA-baMdha upara keTaleka ThekANe rAganAM nAma lakhavAmAM AvyAM che. saMbhava che ke kavi taraphathI bhinna bhinna rAgomAM te te paMktio gAvAnI haze e dRSTie e mUkavAmAM AvyA hoya. vIrasiMhe kAnhaDade-prabaMdha' joyo lAge che, kAraNa ke keTalAMka varNanomAM sAmya anubhavAya che. vIrasiMha AgaLa vadhI emAM vaividhya paNa sAdhe che : dhula caga dezAo ima bolaI raSimiNi joDI be hAtha e nAtha na cetu e ahmaNoI, dUri dAvAnala dekhuM e deva e, 760 jalatuM e pAitali pekhuM nahI e. pekhuM nahI para nyAti sakhi paDyA, ghara anudhyAna, suNi vanati akhta deva tuM brahmamaMDaNa deva e : tuM sRSTi savi AdhAra, jAnana jaNa AsAra. pahiriyAM pIlAM cIra, navi lAja ANi AhIra. sakhi samuka yAdava, pachI suta sAhuM lAsa, 765 vara cAhatAM khaTa mAsa, valI Aja puhatI Asa. valI Aja puhatI Asa svAmI prI parajAvyAM prathivINI. sAra kari-na svAmI zrIraMgadharA Ima bolaI rANI riSimaNI 55

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210 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa-1 bharatezvara-bAhubali rAsa' (I. 1185) mAMnA "sarasvatIdhaulano A DhALa che. aMte bolIno je prakAra eNe prayojyo che te mANikacaMdrasUrinA pRthvIcaMdracaritanA prAsavALA vAkyakhaMDonA prakArano che. padmanAbhanA "kAnhaDade-prabaMdha'nI bhaTAuli'nuM gadya sAruM che to virasiMhanuM A gadya enI prAsAtmaka vAkyaracanAthI juduM paDe che: AThamAM avatAri, kaMsa mAlAkhADi mArI, bali taNe bANa manAvaya hAri, yAdavavaMza vadhAri, solasahastra nArI, varasiMga bhaNaI dvAparayuga majhAri'. prApta evo pahelo saLaMgabaMdhanA AkhyAnano racayitA vIrasiMha uSA-aniruddhanuM paurANika kathAnaka, pUrvanA pracalita kAvyabaMdhanuM gadya sameta vaividhya sAdhI, Ape che e rIte noMdhapAtra banI rahe che. enA nAma uparathI e rAjapUta haze; eNe potAnA kAvyamAM chatrIsa-kuLI rAjapUtonI yAdI ApI che tethI evuM mAnavA mana thAya, paraMtu sAhityakAra tarIke to e yuganuM eka sAruM gujarAtI AkhyAnakAvya e arpI jAya che, e rIte enuM mUlya che. mAMDaNa baMdhAro I. 16mI sadI AraMbha sudhImAM padmanAbha vIrasiMha ane karmaNamaMtrIno samakAlIna mAtra nahi, e ja pazcima mAravADano kahI zakAya tevo sAhityakAra mAMDaNa baMdhAro mAlUma paDI Avyo che : zIrohI sAraNa sAnidhi karI kathA AvI manazidhi. AvyuM kule baMdhArA taNAM, lIdhu janama kRta ApaNaI. 12. mAtA madhU-udari nivAsa, vaiSNava bhakta sahUnuM dasa, ...satyaI kUDaI mizi maMDaNa mukhi harinAma Avazi. 13. A rIte pazcima mAravADanA, AbunI uttare AvelA zirohIno rahevAsI ane baMdhArA jJAtino samajAya che. enI mAtAnuM nAma "madhU ane enA hanumaMtAkhyAnamAM jaNAvyA pramANe enA pitAnuM nAma hari hatuM."59 aMbAlAla bu. jAnIe zirohI ne UnA-zihora gaNI kavi saurASTrano hovAno mata Apyo che, paNa e rIte zihora' kahevuM hoya to gohilavADanuM suprasiddha zihora' zA mATe na levAya? paraMtu zirohI' evo ullekha thayelo hoI joDaNI-doSa jovAnI jarUra nathI. padmanAbha vIrasiMha ane karmaNa maMtrI pazcima mAravADamAM racanAo karatA maLe ja che. kahevAnI jarUra nathI ke Aje paNa zirohIno jemAM samAveza che tevA bhinnamALa-zrImALanA

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AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 211 pradezanI bolI gujarAtIne maLatI che. svarAjya maLyA pachI rAjyonA punarghaTana samaye Abu ane zirohIno pradeza thoDAM varSa upara rAjasthAnane soMpAyo te pUrve gujarAtano ja bhAga hato. A kavinI prabodhabatrIsI' mudrita kRti uparAMta "rAmAyaNa' "rukamAMgada kathA' ane pAMDavaviSTi e traNe aprasiddha kRti paNa jANavAmAM AvI che. "hanumaMtAkhyAna' rAmAyaNanA ja prathamanA 30 khaMDomAM AvI jAya che. prabodhabatrIsI' e 220 SaTrapadI copAInI 32 vIzIomAM racAyeluM jJAnamUlaka kAvya che. akhAnA chappAonA saMgrahamAMnAM bhinna bhinna aMgomAM samAjanA citrane upasAvatI sAcI samajadArInI zikhAmaNamUlaka jJAnagoSThI maLe che tevI ja A jJAnagoSThI che. A paddhatinI kavitA mAMDaNa ane akhA sivAya bIjA koI sAhityakAra pAsethI maLI jANI nathI. ane akhAe paNa mAMDaNanuM ja anukaraNa karyuM che, keTaluMka lIdhuM paNa che. naraharie A prakAre viSaya-nirUpaNa karyuM che, paraMtu e "gItAonA rUpamAM. mAMDaNano samAjano abhyAsa ucca koTino kahI zakAya. eNe prabodhabatrIsImAM 400 thI 500 jeTalI kahevato vaNI laI potAnI vANIne mArmikatAthI samRddha karI che. enI pratyeka vIzI UMDA bodha ane tattvajJAnathI bharelI che. akhAne je jAtano gurune mATe anubhava baMdhAyo hato tenAM mULa mAMDaNamAM ApaNe spaSTa rIte joI zakIe chIe. enI pAMkhaDa uparanI Takora : pAkhaMDI guru mAthaI karyA, vAyI veda uvaTi sAMcaryo. dharma taNI hoNi navi saryuM : upari ati dhana vAvavuM : mithyAlApi hauA saMyamI, bhaIsi keDi pADI nIgamI.' 81 pAkhaMDI pUjA AdarI bAITha murata pAkhali phirI. kahi kalayuganu jou pAra, ehavA bhakta guru teha vAra. nAri satI puruSa tima satu, gAdhi gUNi kalazInu pitu. 82." A ja prasaMge eNe mArmika kahevatono khaDakalo karI vacanamAM coTa lAvavAno prayatna paNa karyo che : ghoDaI caDyA koI navi kalaI, caDi gAdhi sahu jovA milaI." ju bAMThA navi nirakhaI koI, tu ubhA dIThaI zuM hoI83 mIcaI AMkha, na mIcaI haiA, na calaI kAcha, cAlaI dhotIAM'. lAI bhUtI vibhUtI na laI, tane sAMkalI naI mana sAMthalaI."

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212 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa - 1 dAMmI uMTa sahi nahi koI, e gAyAdi dAmaMtAM joI'. 84 aMgi rAkha, manaI rAkhaDI bAhari bAMga, mAMhi bAMgaDI." bhAli caMdana, mana mAMhi cAMdalI, mAMhi vana, aMtari valI." be guDIyA saMyArA dora, aNa dekhaNI te rAjA cora'. 85. 15 bezaka kahevatono khaDakalo thatAM racanA karkaza thaI paDe che. Ama chatAM lokoktinA rUpamAM e kahevato nathI paNa UbhI karelI hoI kavinI zaktino paNa paricaya Ape che. eNe kahevatono koza ja karI Apyo che, je akhAne enA chappAomAM kAma lAgyo che. | 'rAmAyaNa' 70-70, 75-75 kaDIonA khaMDa pADatuM 70 khaMDonuM AkhyAnakAvya che.11 eNe zuddha copAI-baMdha svIkArI khaMDanA aMtabhAge pUrvachAyu Apela che, je prakAra bhImanA prabodhaprakAza' (anuvAda) mAM temaja pachInA anya AkhyAnakAronAM saLaMga baMdhanAM AkhyAnomAM paNa maLe che. rAmAyaNanA jANItA kathAnakamAM eNe koI viziSTa pradAna nathI karyuM. Ama chatAM enI pAse kahevAnI hathoTI che. rAmanA vanavAsamAM bharata maLavA jAya che e prasaMge joIe : 'bisArI savi lokapradhAna, e tuM ahma naI yu savi mAna. jAzuM yihAM rAma lakSamaNA, vAlI lAvisu dhyAtri ApaNA. 96 sahuI rAjA loka saja thAI, sANaMI aMteuri savi jAI. sarva ayodhyAnAM ye loka, sAthi cAlyA calaNa zoka. 97 lIdhuM zena saMghAtaI ghaNuM, jAuM rAma chatA yihAM sUNuM lIdhI keDi, gahana bahu gamyAM, traNya jaNAM yihAM vIsamyA. 98 ye ye bhUrmi rAma rahyA jANi, karaI pramAMNa zIsa navi kAMNi. teNI bhomi loTaI zara namI, Avu cAlaI avanI. 99 citrakoTi jANyAM tyAMhA chatAM, meheltha ratha yojanA chatAM, pAla palaI bhakti mani parI, aMtari rAmacaraNa zara dharI. 10 lakSmaNa avanI maDhamakAra, cAlyu AvA koI dala bhAra. sahI e bharatha pANi vani gaNI, khArI rAja nikaMTaka maNI. 101 nava bANa sAdhI rahu svAmi, cAlyu AvaI zatra virAMmi. vAstu rAmAM bAMdhava ApaNu, e haI dazaratha rAjA taNu. 102

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AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 213 jAmyu bharatha Avatu rAMmi, biThA vakha talaI vizrAMti. mehelI maDhI bahAra AvIA, laghu bAMdhava Avata 2SIA. 103 7 A pachI bhAratanI saralatA saraLa zabdomAM nirUpavAmAM AvI che. kAvyagata camatkRti AmAM nathI, paraMtu lokacitra AmAM sAhajika rIte sulabha che. kyAMgadakathA paNa rAmAyaNanA kAvyabaMdhavALuM ja AkhyAna che.18 emAM paNa nirADaMbara kathanapaddhati ja jovA maLe che. pAMDavaviSTi' (tUTaka) paNa A prakAranuM saraLa nirAMDabara AkhyAna che ane koI viziSTa zaktino paricaya ApatuM nathI. pUrvachAyu' vALI copAInA ekamathI racAyelAM AkhyAnono, kahevo hoya to, mAMDaNane puraskAraka kahI zakAya. enuM "satabhAmAnuM rUsaNuM jovA maLyuM nathI, paraMtu mAMDaNe pado lakhyAM hoya evuM paNa jovA maLe che. Azcarya e che ke narasiMha mahetAnAM padomAM marAThI bhASAnI asara jovA maLe che tevI asara mAMDaNa'nI chApanAM padomAM paNa jovA maLe che : rAga mahulAra sAgara boli, sAMbhali nAmAM tuM guNa-pAra na jANuM re. ANu kavaNa opamA? ye upagAra ti kIkalA ahmaci, ketA karUM avaSANuM ke jANuM na pAra tuhma. -DuDhi jehacA pAu zevi surapati zItApati zrIrAmo, te ahma sAMhAMmA kIulA murAri, dhana dhana tujhA nAmo. 1 nAi ti ahmarci guNa kIkalA nAmAM zIpa vicAru re. kAraNi avatAro. mAjhi mugatAphala upavali racIyali bahu hAro, caDAvali bhupAlo. 2 soi dvArakAM zazihara sohi mohi aiala saMsAro. pherI deula ahma saMnidhi keulA maMDaNacA dAtAro. 32 mAMDaNa dvArakAnI yAtrAe gayo hoya te samaye uparanuM pada racyuM haze. e A pachInA padathI kahI zakAya : * bIjuM nAma ekAdazI mahimA'. A kRtinI le.I.1518 maLatI hovAthI mAMDaNa I.16mI sadI pUrvArdha sudhImAM thayo hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake (juo: gujarAtI sAhityakoza:1]

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ra14 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa- 1 almo AIlA re hari uSAmaMDala bhaNI jU ghaNI sAMbhaLI rauraci vAta. ahyA kIdhali re hari tIrtha dvArAvatI durmati melIo karma koTI. sArIli re hari gomatI -majjana vajana vAdhatAM mera moTI. ahyo. almo pelI laI re hari mUrati tAharI, sAMbharI udara mAta pIDa nAmIli re hari zIsa sAMmala-vana ja mana tApIli tana bhIDa. ahyo, adhyo viThalA re hari dharma-zabhAsani, vAsa na varjINi svarga svAmI. lIdhali maMDaNa caraNa-zaraNAdhAra, saMsAravedanA vividha vAmI. ahyo' uparanAM padomAMnuM bIjuM pada to spaSTa rIte "jhUlaNAnA DhALanuM che ane narasiMha mahetAnA jhUlaNAnAM padomAM jema nAmadevanA abhaMgonA DhALanuM anukaraNa sulabha che te pramANe A padamAM paNa sulabha che. kIulA' vagere rUpono prayoga ane viThThala zabdano prayoga paNa enI zAkha pUre che. pethaDarAsa' jevI jaina rAsaracanAmAM paNa A prakAranAM bhUtakRdaMtono prayoga ajANyo nathI.4 prabodhabatrIsI'mAM bahu tIratha maI joyo harI' vagerethI mAMDaNe yAtrAo ThIka ThIka karI hovAnuM samajAya che. zrIvallabhAcArya gujarAta-saurASTramAM AvyA e pUrve dakSiNI vArakarI saMtono ane emanA abhaMga-sAhityano paricaya A rIte kahI zakAya ema che. zrIdhara aDAlajo I.16mI sadI AraMbhe hayAta) bhAlaNano samakAlIna kahI zakAya tevo AkhyAnaprakArane kheDanAro eka zrIdhara aDAlajo moDha jUnAgaDha (saurASTramAM vi. saM. 1565 (I.sa.1509)mAM hayAta hato evuM enA 'rAvaNa-maMdodarI saMvAda' nAmanA saMvAda-kAvyanA aMtabhAgathI jANavAmAM AvyuM che : saMvata panara pAMsaThaI jIraNa-durga nivAsa, pUraNa pyArI copaI bisaI bAMdhI buddhiprakAzi, 2. soya maMtrI sahamA-sutana kavitA zIdhara nAma, utapati moDha aDAlajA, tasa bhUTha zrIrAma. 5.5 enA pitAnuM nAma "sahamo' hatuM ane e maMtrI' hato. arthAt jUnAgaDhamAM mAMDalikanuM rAjya vi. saM. 1529 (I.1473) mAM khatama thayuM tyAre e rAjyamAM maMtrI-pade hoya athavA muslima sUbo sattA upara AvatAM e aDAlaja ke amadAvAdathI sUbAnA maMtrI tarIke Avyo hoya. zrIdhara aDAlajo moDha hoI

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AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 215 jUnAgaDhano jUno vatanI to nahi ja hoya enI prApta racanAomAM "rAvaNa-maMdodarI saMvAda' rAmacaMdrajI sAthenA rAvaNanA vigrahamAMthI rAvaNane dUra rahevA mATenI maMdodarInI dalIlone lagatuM saMvAdakAvya che. e A saMvAdakAvyamAM potAne "kavitA" (saM. vayitA) ane kavi' kahe che. A saMvAdakAvya jotAM enuM e vizeSaNa sArthaka kahI zakAya ema che. mAMDaNe prabodhabatrIsImAM jema kahevato jUnI ane navI bharI ApI che te pramANe zrIdhare. paNa A saMvAdakAvyamAM bharI ApI che. e pote paNa "ukhANAnuM prayojana kahe paNa che : maI ukhANA atighaNA kIdhA kavita majhari. kApaDi bharatAM kApaDI varaI naveNI vAri." ane kAvyano uThAva karatAM paNa kahe che : raDhi rAvaNa, mati-maMdodarI, karisI kavita ukhANa karI; rAmakathA sonuM naI sarahuM, soya kavi zrIdhara jaDasi kharahuM. mAMDaNanI racanAmAM vAMcatAM kaMTALo Upaje che, paNa zrIdhara kaMTALAmAMthI bacAvI le che. sItAnA haraNanA viSayamAM rAvaNa prati maMdodarInuM kathana : kharuM vayaNa maMdodarI bhaNiH rAvaNa, mati mUMDhi tahma taNi. AgaI agaNita aMteharI, valI taI sItA svAhAnaI harI? kAzyapa vaMza taNI kula-vahU sura nara panaga jANI sahu. jo AmiSa ati mIThauM hoI, pIMDI taNuM na prAsi koI." rAvaNa eno javAba Ape cheH "koI na majha) kahAvI maIdAnavI, mi rAvaNa pari kIdhI navi. e beTI rAya janaka RSi taNI, brahmAdika jANI brAhmaNI. khatrI taNI khabheDI paDI, anna udaka pAkhi raDavaDI. kAdavi khutI kavalI gAya, pUMchaDa levA paraTha pAya.8 baMnenI dalIlo eka ekane vicAramAM nAkhe tevI kavie ApI che, emAM kavinI mutsaddIgIrIno paNa khyAla sahaja rIte Ave che. AkhA saMvAdane aMte maMdodarIne Izvara ane brahmA taraphathI rAvaNa ane

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216 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 kuMbhakaraNanA avatAranI hakIkata kahevAmAM AvI che, jenAthI maMdodarIne rAvaNanA viSayamAM je krodha hato-aNagamo Ubho thayelo tenuM nivAraNa thAya che: rIsa nivArUM rANI bhaNaI, lAgi pAgi pitAmaha taNAM, prIa saraso kIdho prasaMga, valyA vidhAtA varato raMga. kaMtha kapaTa naI kAminI kalahi ajAyuddha pari jAsaI vilahi. dhari gula rADi na pADi visala, cakhi detAM kAyA kuzala..9 zrIdhara kahevato ane rUDhiprayogo evI rIte vaNI le che ke e karNakaTu thaI paDatAM nathI. A racanAne "zuddha AkhyAna' na kahI zakAya. eNe prasaMga upajAvI kADhelo che, baMne pAtro mAtra paurANika che. chaMdanI dRSTie mAMDaNanI jema SapadI copAI na svIkAratAM aSTapadI copAI svIkArI che. AkhyAna-koTinuM enuM gaurIcaritra' che. e eNe jUnAgaDhamAM besI nathI lakhyuM, paraMtu somanAtha pATaNamAM racyuM che : gAya Izvaracaritra-gaurI, sAMbhaLe sahaje karI, tenA piMDa pAtaka jaI, puNya thAya mAghamajjana sarI. 3 sarasvatI-sAyara-nIra nirmaLa, somazire dhArA DhaLe, puNya taNA prabhAva vAdhe, je ko gAya sAMbhaLe. 4 zrIdhara-vAmI caritra zivanAM bhAve gAtAM sAMbhaLe, mana-manoratha pUrNa hoya, kailAsapati preme maLe. 5.0 sAgaramAM jyAM sarasvatI nadInAM nirmaLa jaLa somanAthanA zira upara vahe che tyAM "gaurI caritra' gAnArane phaLa maLe che ema kahyAthI zrIdhare somanAthamAM besI A caritra racyuM hoya ema kahI zakAya. saMbhava che ke zrIdhara somanAthamAM jaIne rahyo hoya. moDha vaNikonI vastI Aje paNa somanAtha pATaNamAM che eTale eno prabhAsa pATaNamAM kSaNika ke kAyamI vAsa thayo hoya to e asaMbhavita nathI. saMvAdakAvyono pravAha narasiMha mahetAnA rAdhAkRSNasaMvAda kiMvA "dANalIlA' ane bhAlaNanA zivabhIlaDIsaMvAda ke harasaMvAda e kAvyomAM jovA maLe che, to e ja prakAra zrIdharanA rAvaNamaMdodarI saMvAdamAM paNa anubhavAya che. pote enI eka vadhu racanA "gaurIcaritrathI Ape che. 16 kaDavAMomAM racAyeluM A kAvya narasiMha mahetAnI "cAturIonAM nAnAM nAnAM padonA prakAranA - aMdara dhruvakaDI ane DhALavALA prakAranA-kAvyabaMdhamAM maLe che. zrIdhare A badhAmAM je vaividhya sAdhyuM

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AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 217 che te DhALanI pUrvenI dhruva-kaDInA chellA caraNanA zabdonA AvartananuM che, je ApaNane bharatezvara- bAhubalirAsanAM "sarasvatIdhaulo' ane moDenA dhaula-dhUlano khyAla Ape che. narasiMhanI cAturIomAM je prakAranI kavipratibhAnAM darzana thAya che tevA prakAranA 'gaurIcaritramAM darzana thatAM nathI, sAduM AkhyAna ja banI rahe che, jemake kaDavuM 3 juM-rAga cAlato rUpa te lIdheluM re, bhIlInuM bhavAnI re, nAnI te thaI re varasa nava sAtanI e.1 zivajI jyAM beThA re, samAdhi dharIne re, tyAM AgaLa bhIlaDIe rAga alapiyo re. 2 DhALa rAga alApiyo ToDI gatano, malhAra gAyo mana dharI. sAtamI zarate nRtya mAMDyuM, bhAva bhairavano karI. 3 mana dharI meru samAna mAyA, pAna peheyAM vana taNAM. moraMga mastake veNa vAMkI, zravaNa ceDara sohAmaNAM. 4 sohAmaNI Dila taNI coLI, gaLe guMjA-hAra re. cunaDI caraNA kusuma kerA, bhIlaDI ope apAra re. 5 hara dharI haiye hazI gAye, cakSa cAla kare ghaNuM : manmatha jamalo ANI rAkhI, rUpa racyuM bhIlI taNuM. 6-1 kaDavAne aMte "valaNa" ke "Uthalo' zabda lakhyo nathI, paraMtu e prakAranA AvartanavALI eka-be kaDI ApI kaDavAnuM samApana sAdhI levAmAM AvyuM che, jeno pUro vikAsa to nAkaranAM AkhyAnomAM maLe che. zrIdhare evA valaNanA chellA caraNamAM kaDavAnA AraMbhanA caraNanuM Avartana lIdhuM che, e judo prakAra che. kavitAnI dRSTie A kAvyamAM zrIdhara kAMI vizeSa arpI zakato nathI, sAdo saMvAda ja Ape che. bezaka, enI pAse zabdasamRddhi sArI che, jenA baLa upara e zravaNaramya nAnuM AkhyAna siddha karI Ape che ane 'saMvAdakAvya' lekhe e gujarAtI kAvyomAM sthAna sAcavI zake evuM pradAna to avazya kare che. kIku vasahI I. 16mI madhyabhAga sudhImAM saLaMga baMdhamAM bhagavAna zrIkRSNanI bALalIlA gAnAro AkhyAnakAra kIku vasahI dakSiNa gujarAtamAM thayelo jANavAmAM Avyo che. enA bAlacarita" nAmanA AkhyAnane aMte eNe potAno paricaya ThIka ThIka Apyo che :

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218 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa- 1 Adi utapati kavi taNI navara anAuli ThaMma. RSi ajAcI sarjiyA, thira thApyA zrIrAma. 623 uttama kula udIcanuM, vizvebhara vara dIdha. kara Ayu, karasaNa karUM. devi dAtA kIdha. 654 gaNadevI gaNa navaranuM narahari nAmi nAma. vADiva-vaMzi avataryuM, vazi vAzi tINI dhami. 625. vasahI godA-saMbhaa, kahi kIku kara joDi; bAlacaritra narahari suNI bhavabhavabaMdhana choDi: 626 82 Ano Azaya e che ke uttaramAMthI AvelA brAhmaNo "anAvalA' gAmamAM AvyA ane tyAM ayAcaka vRtti dhAraNa karI kRSino dhaMdho karatA hatA. evuM eka kula gaNadevImAM jaIne rahyuM. temAM narahari nAmanA "vasahI' avaTaMkanA brAhmaNane tyAM godA' (saMbhavataH "godAvarI mAtA)nI kUkhe kIkuno janma thayo hato, jeNe bAlacaritra' banAvyuM. aitihAsika dRSTie vicAratAM ahIM ene hAthe eka mahattvano khulAso maLI jAya che ke 'udIcanuM uttama kula eTale ke audIcya brAhmaNanuM kula anAvaLAmAM AvI rahyuM hatuM temAM je "vasahI (AjanuM vazI') kuTuMba hatuM temAM kIku jabhyo hato, arthAt "anAvaLA' brAhmaNo "anAvaLA' (saM. manapadra - pra.-ena374-) gAma parathI prathita thayA, je mULamAM udIcI dizAmAMthI AvelA-saMbhavataH "audIcya brAhmaNa hatA. bAlacaritra' 630 kaDIonuM dohA ane copAImAM racAyeluM saLaMga baMdhanuM AkhyAna prakAranuM kAvya che. e potAne "kavi kahe che ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kavionI sAthe mulavaNI karatAM e thoDeka aMze kavitAne rocaka banAvavA samartha thAya che kharo. zrI kRSNanA yamunAnA dharAmAM jhaMpApAta pachInuM : suNI vAta mAtA daDavaDI rudana kari, cAli aDavaDI, naMda gopa mani vihavaLa thAI, navaraloka-zuM yamunA jaI. 255 gokula sakala suNI khalabhalyuM. naMda keDi savi Avi bhilyuM. gopanAri sahU sAthe jAI, hari vilApa yazodA mAya. 256 * bAlacarita' ke "kRSNacarita' nAmanA enA kAvyanI nakala (le.I) 1544 AsapAsa thaI hovAthI kavi e samaya sudhImAM thayo hovAnuM anumAna karI zakAya che.

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AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 219 kahi mAtA mahIdharani kAja, karUM prANa savi mAharA tyAjya. jhaMpAni AghI thAi, avara nAri sahU bAMhi sAhi. 257 naMda nisAsA mUki ghaNA, si Atha haI ApaNA. du:kha kahini kahyuM na jAya, putraviyoga nahI sahivAya. 258.' 83 paraMtu premAnaMdanI pratibhA enI pAse nathI, e kAvyacamatkRti, rasApekSI lAvI zakato nathI, sAdAM citra UbhAM kare che. guNa eka ja che ane e eNe nakAmuM laMbANa na karatAM bhAgavatAnusAra kathAnaka sAMcavI ApyuM che e. enuM bIjuM kAvya 'aMgadaviSTi' che.'' sATha chappAomAM sItAne soMpI devAnI viSTi karavA vAliputra aMgada laMkAmAM rAvaNanA darabAramAM gayAnuM ane tyAM rAvaNa sAthe saMvAda karyAnuM A kAvyamAM varNana thayuM che. kAvyamAM prayojavAmAM Avelo' chappaya' baMdha vANImAM baLa pUrato anubhavI zakAya che. A saMvAdakAvyamAMnA saMvAdamAM aMgada rAmanAM vakhANa kare che ane rAvaNa rAmanI niMdA kare che. AraMbhamAM aMgada rAvaNanI sabhAmAM praveze che tyAM : avalokyu aMgada sabhA sahU dasazara dIThA. icchAi rUpane kira, rUdhi mAyA tava biThA. tava vAliputra boliyu sabala paNa samaratha dhAi je rAvaNanI mA kausikI te bhUMDa taNI pira vyAi. iNi dUdha viNAsyAM jana, rAjakAja kAMi na sahyuM. suNI vacana vaMnA taNuM tava pragaTa rUpa rAjA dha3ravuM 4.5 nIceno be vacceno saMvAda : (aMgada) 'lIdhI jANe laMka, dasi zira tAhAM kApI, pAchA valasI rAma rAja vibhISaNa ApI. tava daMDAsa rANIara, rAja laMkAnuM jAsi; gaja ratha haya sahU sena sajana-zUM nigraha thAsi, rAvaNa rAi suNI vanatI uttara eka aMgada kahyuM. jeNi vAla helAM vadhyuM, jehanI kakSA 52 mAMhi rahyu. 13. (rAvaNa) manasya mAtra e rAma, kappa girinamAM sAvijaDAM, kuMbhakaraNa jAgasa bhakSa kirisa ja havaDAM, majha muSi koi na ugara, sahIsa tUM sAcuM jANaha.

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220 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 cAlyu raNa sAhamau tava paDasi bhaMgANaha. kruDaI dihu dizi vanarAM, talve capala jAti jAzu pAlI. vigosi lakSamaNa rAmani jima laMkA nahI AvI valI. 14 (aMgada) aihaNi hayuM saptAha sabala saMgrAmi jItu pharasarAma atizUra teja-bala-hINa kIdhu. surapanaSa vigoI, khara dUsara te mAsyA. kabaMdha ni virAdha azA tihAM saMhAsyA. sAgara ja bAMdhI AviyA, zuM rAkSasa machara ja kari? dazaratha-dvAri tU rAvaNa yazA dIvaTiyA dIvI dhari. 7.81 kavi A kAvyamAM mAtra aMgadaviSTithI na aTakatAM rAma-rAvaNanA yuddhane paNa AvarI le che. IMdrIjate AvI ghora saMhAra karyo e kAMIka tejIlI bAnImAM mUrti karavA kavi prayatna kare che : "utapati AgAza, rahyu ravikarNa madhya jaI, bANavRSTi te kari Apa adRSTi thaI, paDyuM vanara-saina, aMgadi Ayudha bhedyAM. subhaTa thayA sAhAmuA tAsa take zara chedyAM, lakSmaNarAya hoI mUracha avara sena pADaghuM ghaNuM, rAvaNa-ghari duMdubha vAjyA tu haraSpa dala rAkSasa taNuM." A kAvyamAM kavie kuMbhakarNane yuddhasamaye nidrAmAMthI jagADavAno prasaMga thoDo vadhu AkarSaka Apyo che, eka "vIrakAvya' tarIke rajU karavAno kavino prayatna che, jemAM chappaya' chaMda ene vadhu sahAyaka banI rahe che. zAmaLanI "aMgada viSTi' nAM mULa ATalAM jUnAM joI zakAya kharAM. koI kIkunuM soDhI ane devaDAnuM gIta aitihAsika prakAranuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che" te kIku A ja kIku vasahI che ke nahi ema kahI zakAya ema nathI, gItamAM vizeSa paricaya sUcavAyo nathI. kIkunAM kAvyonI nakala vi. saM. 1600 (I. sa. 1544) jeTalA jUnA samayanI sulabha hoI, eTalA jUnA samayamAM dakSiNa gujarAtamAMthI kavie sAhityasarjana karyuM che, e dRSTie paNa kIku noMdhapAtra banI rahe che. dehala (i.17mI sadI AraMbha sudhImAM moDethI janatApIe jemAMnA vastu potAnA abhimanyu AkhyAna mAM upayoga karI lIdhAM jANavAmAM AvyAM che ta-"abhivana-UMjhaNuM' ('abhimanyunI-vidAya) [le.I.

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AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 221 16 24] nAmanA gujarAtI bhASAmAM abhimanyunA vadhane lagatA pahelA mAlUma paDelA kAvyano kartA koI dehala 15mI sadInA aMtabhAgamAM thayo hoya evuM dhAravAmAM AvyuM che. have to prasiddha thayelA enA 406 kaDIonA kahI zakAya tevA e kAvyamAM dehala bhaNaI deala kahi(c) jevA chUTAchavAyA ullekha sivAya vadhu mAhitI maLatI nathI. A nAnuM kAvya copAI -caraNAkuLa-doharAnI dezIomAM racAyeluM che, jemAM doharAnI dezInuM pramANa ochuM che, mukhya pravAha copAI-caraNAkulano che. mahAbhArata-rAmAyaNa-purANomAMnAM upAkhyAno ane nAnAM moTAM kathAnakone lokabhASAmAM utAravAno prayatna karanAra badhA pratibhAvAna kavio nahotA, AtmasaMtoSa khAtara ane zrotAonA manoraMjana mATe prayatna zarU thayA hatA tevo A prayatna che. jANe ke kathAnA aMtabhAga tarapha pahoMcavAnI adhIrAI hoya ema dehala jhaDapathI AgaLa vadhe che, jene kAraNe jamAvavA jevAM sthAna sAdA kathAnakathI AgaLa kAMI ApI zakatAM nathI. Ama chatAM prasaMgonI viziSTatAne kAraNe kyAMka camakArA lAvavAmAM keTaleka aMze zakti meLave che. kRSNa ahilocananA guru tarIke lIdheluM brAhmaNanuM rUpa ane peTImAM pUrI karelo eno vinAza khabhi janoi, josI-kari rIpaNuM. brAhmaNarUpa ja lIdhuM ghaNuM. AghApAchAM josI DagalAM bhari, mUhari tU bhrAMti kahenI kari? 15 hAtha paga mUha sarikho vAna, huM jANuM tuM mAharu yajamAna. jarAsiMdhu, DAhala zizupAla, mura dANava mAriu niradhAra. 16 narakAsura niradala niravANi, ahidANavanAM karuM vakhANa.' kuhu, mAhArA guru, hari kevaDA?" "tuM sarikhA ni jANe tuM jevaDA. 17 tuM sarikhu ni tU jevaDu, jANUM kRSNa tujha pramANi ghaDyuM. tuM mAMhi rahaI tu mAI soI, bAlA! pisi pramANuM joI." 18 pisI dANava paramANuM lIiuM, tava nArAyaNa tALuM dauM. "kAM re mAharA gurujI! tamyo hAMsU karu? je joIzuM te mukhi ucaru. 19 kRSNa mArIni sArinuM kAma, tumani dUvArikA sArikhuM ApisuM ThAma. guru huI te hAsuM navi kari' mAMhithI dANava mUjhI mari. 20. Agi hAsi hiraNAkhasa haNo, hArsi daitya koI navi gaNo. hArsi mAriu vanara vAli. hAsi bali cAMpika paiAla. 21

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222 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 paiAli pisI mAriu sAMkhuu, haNiu jarAsiMdhahAsi jUu. hAsi daMta dalyA zizupAla, hAsi rAvaNa roliu kAla. 22 hAsi mAriu mi mAmo kaMsa, avara daityano TAliu vaMsa. te hAMsuM hita tujhana karuM. kAlA mUrikha! ti kama maruM" 23 mAhi thika bolaI dANavarAya, manamAM cIMti navo upAya : jo tUM kRSNa tribhuvanakInAtha, eka vAra diuni curaMga bAtha! 24 *guli mari teni viSa kima dIjaiM? tuM hUM kahu kami harIiM? ghaNi divasi mAharAM sIdhAM kAja, tAharAM jUnAM pUtija na melUM Aja. 25 mAMhi thiku dANava Uchali, tribhuvanapati bhAga Upira dhira. mAMhi thika jIva thiu hati maMda, tihAri pAMjaruM lIdhUM kaMdhi. 2691 e ja ahilocanano jIvAtmA e peTI dvArakAnA rAjamahelamAM mUkelI ane paTarANIonA ApelA utsAhathI subhadrAe kholatAM subhadrAnA garbhamAM rahyo ane abhimanyurUpe avatAra pAmyo. kavi prasaMgane bahalAvI zakato nathI. abhimanyu jyAre cakra bhedavAnI pratijJA kare che tyAre e vAta sAMbhaLI subhadrA kalpAMta kare che e prasaMge kavie prasaMgocita gIta 'rAga virADI'mAM mUkyuM che, je keTaleka aMze karuNarasano camakAro ApI jAya che : hUM kAM virAMsIu, dharamarAjana! mAharA dharamanA dhorI? teM kAM virAMsIu? virAMsIu, kUMtAnA kUpAra! mAhA dharamanA dhorI! teM kAM virAsIu?111 dharamanaMdana ghUri vimAsu, mUDha mati ma lAI; bhIma ni nakulu hide varAsyA, bAli raNavaTa bAMdhi. 112 sAraMgadhara raNi saMgrAma jItA, yAdava chappana koDi, raNaviTa tehina bAMdhId, rAyani subhadrA doi kara joDi, mAharA dharmanA dhorI, TUM kA viAMsIu" 113'vagere. kavie A kAvyamAM The2 The2 saMvAdonI yojanA karI che, jene laI thoDIka nATyocitatA khaDI thAya che, ane tethI ja vAMcavA-sAMbhaLavAnuM dila thAya che. kavacit e vANInA alaMkAra paNa prayojI le che, paNa svAbhAvika rIte ja AvI gayelA. e paNa upamA rUpaka jevA ja. kavi karatAM eka vArtAkAra tarIke e vadhAre dIpe 92

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AdizaktiyuganA kavio ra23 che. e mahAbhAratanI mULa kathAmAM nathI tevA camatkAra paraMparAthI jANavAmAM AvyA che te umerI kathAne malAve che; jevA ke ahilocanano jIva subhadrAnA udaramAM praveze che, garbhamAMnA abhimanyune uddezI zrIkRSNa cakravyuhanI kathA kahe ne garbha huMkAro Ape, maMchApUtaLI UDIne kRSNane mArI nAkhavAnA ahilocananA IrAdAnI jANa kare, abhimanyunA lagnanI kaMkotrI bANathI svarga ane pAtALamAM mokalavAmAM Ave, abhimanyunI jAna mATenAM pakavAna bhIma khAI jatAM kRSNanI kRpAthI vAsaNo bharAI jAya, lagna vakhate uttara abhimanyunI AMkho uttarAne pUrvajanmanI smRti thaI Ave, raNakSetramAM uMdaranuM svarUpa laI kRSNa abhimanyunA dhanuSanI dorI kAtarI khAya, mRtyu pachI abhimanyu svargamAM arjuna sAthe vAta kare, vagere gaNAvI zakAya. AmAM madhyakAlIna lokamAnasanI chApa joI zakAya che 7 jAnanI sajAvaTa, vidAya, lagnasamAraMbha ne bhojanasAmagrInI taiyArI vagere pAchaLa tatkAlIna samAjacitra varatAya che; eTalA pUratI kavinI saphaLatA che. dehalanI A kRti pachIthI vikaselAM "abhimanyu AkhyAno'ne ThIka ThIka upayogamAM Ave che, e rIte paNa e dhyAna kheMce che. saMdarbhanoMdha 1 .bu. jAnI, harilIlASoDazakalA (I.1928) 2 ke. kA. zAstrI, prabodhaprakAza bhIma-kRta) (1963) 3 halI So.kalA, pR. 213 4 prabodhaprakAza pR. 34 5 e ja. pR. 1 6 e ja, pR. 75 7 ha.lI.SA.kalA, pR 14 8 kaumudI mAsika), 1921), pR. 222-23 9 harilIlASoDazakalA pU. 212 10 e ja 14 11 e ja, 179 12 e ja, 2-4112-22la 96-971 113la 121 vagere 13 e ja 5 vagere

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224 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 e ja, 68-699 103- 104 e ja, 153 e ja, 154- 155 e ja 161 e ja, 174-180 e 4, 178-179 e ja, 216-217 e ja, 102 e ja, 15-16 22 e ja, 15-16 23 kRSNamizra, prabodhacandrodaya (nATaka, saM,), pR.2 24 prabodhaprakAza pR. 4 25 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 26 27 28 e ja, pR. 29-30 29 ha.lI. So. kalA pR. 153: 'rAga-vasaMta-varADI gIta'mAMnA dhruva-padamAM 30 gu. vi. sabhA. ha. li. pustaka naM. 552 DaH 'kavicarita' mAM pR. 99-100 31 e ja, ane 'kavicarita', pR. 99-100 32 ke. kA. zAstrI, hArasamenAM pada ane hAramALA' (2 jI AvRtti), pR. 36 (56, thuM)vagere 33 34 35 36 37 Ama lakhavAno eka praghAta hato. 38 A pUrve A chaMdo jaina sAhityakArone hAthe paNa vaparAyA che. prabodhaprakAza e ja, pR. 40 (jappaneiM jihavAM vimala nAma..... e ja, pR. 369 39 40 vagere e ja, 56 30 muM. pR. 56. 11 5, te 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 30, 32, 34, 38, 42 gu. vi. sa. bhA. ha. li. pustaka naM. 552 Da : mAM paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvyamAM pR. 24-74 e ja, pR. 24

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39 e ja, prastAvanA, pR. 17 DA. pI. derAsarI, kAnhaDade- prabaMdha' (1 lI AvRtti), kaDI 338, pR. 103 paM. za. prA. gu. kA. pR. 44 e ja, pR. 45-50 vaDodarA miselenI'mAM, ane pachI ke. he dhruva, paM. za. prA. gu. kAvya. pR. 75-95 paM. za. gu. kAvya pR. 95 ane 94 e ja, pR. 75 46 ke. ha. dhruva : pArTIpamAM dakSiNanI umarAvatI' no saMbhava ocho kahI 'amarelI'nI saMbhAvanA karI che. juo e ja prastAvanA, pR. 19nI pAdaTIpa 20mI. e ja, pR. 78 kaDavuM 7 muM e ja, pR. 89 kaDavuM 23 muM e ja, pR. 81- kaDavuM 12 muM bho. je. sAMDesarA, 'uSAharaNa,' (1938) 'phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA traimAsika' varSa 1-2, pR. 243-36 2, 410420 101-109, 311-326, 433-45ra e ja, pR. 452 e ja, 319, 326, 435, 437, 452 e ja, 319 e ja, 313 e ja, 444 5 e ja, 452 e ja, 445 zaMkaraprasAda che. rAvaLa, prabodha-batrIsI' pR. 1 59 gujarAta vidyAsabhA hastalikhita pustakasaMgraha, naM. 552 ba 60 aM. bu. jAnI, 'harilIlA-SoDazakalA' prastAvanA, pR. 97 6 1 ke. kA. zAstrI, 'gujarAtI hAthapratonI saMkalki yAdI', pR. 153 6 2 ke. kA. zAstrI, 'kavicarita' ( 2 jI AvRtti,) pR. 575-580 e ja, pR. 543-552 40 41 42 43 44 45 47 48 49 50 51 para 53 54 55 57 18 AdibhaktiyuganA kavio 225 63

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226 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 64 65 6 6 67 68 69 70 71 juo 68mI saMdarbhanoMdha 72 73 74 75 76 82 'prabodhabatrIsI' pR.11 e ja, pR. 11 guvi hapustaka saMgraha naM. 552 - ba e ja, naM. 552-a e ja, naM. 552-ba e ja, naM. 348-ba gu. hA. saM. yAdI pR. 153 83 33 78 e ja, pR. 81 79 e ja, pR. 111 80 bRhatkAvyadohana, graMtha -6 pR. 483 81 e ja, pR. 482 'kavicarata' pR. 137 ane ka. mA. munazI, narasiMhayuganA kavio' (phA. gu. sa. tre.) pR. 144 phA. gu. sa. traimAsika, varSa 5, pR. 146 harinArAyaNa AcArya, 'aMgadaviSTi' bu. pra. varSa 70 muM Dise. 1923 'kavicarita' pR. 83 e ja, pR. 83 ke. kA. zAstrI, ApaNA kavio', pR. 206 88 zaMkaprasAda rAvaLa, prabodhabatrIsI' (1930) ane rAvaNamaMdodarI saMvAda', 'kavicarita' mAMthI (ke. kA., zAstrI), pR. 144 'rAvaNamaMdarodarI saMvAda' pR. 112 e ja, pR. 81 84 85 e ja, pR. 354 86 e ja, pR. 356 87 e ja, pR. 357 phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA-hastalikhita pustaka naM. 395

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AdizaktiyuganA kavio 227 89 maMjulAla 2. majamUdAra, abhimanyu-AkhyAna' (janatApInuM), prastAvanA. pR. 56 90 zivalAla tu. jesalapurA abhivana-Ujhar vi. saM. 16 80 (I.sa. 16 2) nI vaDodarA prAcya vidyAmaMdiranI hastaprata uparathI saMpAdana, pR. 1 ane 2 91 e ja. pR. 38-39 92 e ja, pR. 49-50 93 e ja, prastAvanA, pR. 26-27

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228 6 bhAlaNa kezavarAma kA. zAstrI gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsamAM gujarAtI bhASAne enuM viziSTa sthAna sarajI ApanArA nirisaMha mahetAne ApaNe gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa lakhAto thayo tyArathI 'Adikavi'nA birudathI biradAvatA AvyA chIe. jaina sAhityakAroe mukhyatve lAvI ApelA sAhityaprakAra- 'rAsa' 'phAgu' 'laukika kathA' bAramAsI' 'kakkA-mAtRkA' ane 'gadya bAlAvabodho'thI svataMtra rIte rAsayugamAM mAtra jenAM bIja ropAyAM hatAM tevA padaprakArano vikAsa asAmAnya rIte hajAro padonI racanA karIne narasiMha mahetAe karI Apyo : uttara gaurjara apabhraMza'nA sAhityamAM 'phAgu' ane bAramAsI'nA svalpa apavAde kAvyatattvanAM darzana virala hatAM, jyAre narasiMha mahetAe UrmiMthI UchaLatAM zAstrIya rAgomAM gAI zakAya tevAM bhinna bhinna DhALanAM padomAM kavitAno bhAre pravAha vahAvyo temAM prasaMgavazAt nirUpaNAtmaka kAvyopaurANika vastune temaja AtmacaritAtmaka vastu laIne paNa bAMdhyAM. sudAmAcarita ane zrIkRSNanI bALalIlAnAM- zrI kRSNajanmanAM pado ane bhAmeruM' 'hUMDI' 'vivAha' 'hAra' ane 'jhArI'nAM Atmacaritane lagatAM padomAM pairANika upAkhyAnomAMnA prakAranA darzana thAya, enI cAturIomAM paNa AkhyAna prakAranA bIjano anubhava karI zakAya, paraMtu e utkRSTa pratibhA dharAvanAro 'bhaktakavi' hoI e AkhyAna-gAyaka' banI zakyo nahi. paurANika upAkhyAnomAMthI vastu laI vIrasiMhe 'uSAharaNa' (I.sa.1460-65 lagabhaga), karmaNa maMtrIe sItAharaNa' (I.sa.1470), mAMDaNa baMdhArAe 'rAmAyaNa' ane rukmAMgadanI kathA' (I.sa.nI paMdaramI sadIno uttarArdha), bhIme 'hiralIlA-SoDazakalA' (I.sa.1485), janArdana travADIe 'uSAharaNa' (I.sa.1492) vAsue 'sagALazA AkhyAna' (I.sa.1490-1500 lagabhaga), dehale 'abhivana UjharUM' (I.sa. 1490-1500 lagabhaga), kIku vasahIe 'bAlacarita' (I.sa.1490-1500 lagabhaga) ane zrIdhara aDAlajAe gaurI caritra'

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bhAlaNa 229 (I.sa. 1509), A prakAranI racanAo racI ApI hatI. A racanAomAM saLaMga baMdhanI racanAo paNa che ane khaMDa pADIne paNa thayelI racanAo che. janArdananuM 'uSAharaNa" narasiMha mahetAnI paddhatinA prakAranAM, keTalAka vaividhya sAthe, padomAM racAyeluM che, to zrIdhara aDAlajAe narasiMha mahetAnI "cAturIomAM prayojAyelA eka DhALane pakaDI racanA sAdhI ApI che. bhAlaNe to 'zivabhIlaDIsaMvAda saLaMga baMdhamAM ja racI Apyo che, paraMtu eNe AkhyAna prakArano vikAsa sAdhI ApavAnI sAthosAtha "kaDavAbaMdhano puraskAra karyo. e kharuM che ke "kaDavAbaMdha'nA vAhana tarIke svIkArelI dezIo navI nathI, cheka "bharatezvara-bAhubalirAsa' (I.sa.1185)thI laI rAsayuganA aneka rAsomAM ane cheka narasiMha mahetA ane janArdananAM padomAM prayojAyelI dezIonI paraMparAmAM besI jAya tevI che, paraMtu eNe je vyavasthA vyApaka karI te kaDavA-paddhatinI. hA, "kaDavakano prakAra navo nathI; apabhraMza bhASAnAM prAcIna saMdhikAvyomAM "kaDavakano ekama hato, ane revaMtagirirAsa' jevI kRtimAM bIjA rAsonI "bhAsa-ThavaNI" jevA ekamane badale "kaDavaka' ekama kahevAmAM Avelo paNa che, paraMtu bhAlaNe to 'kaDavAno ekama laI, emAM bhinna bhinna dezIono prayoga karI, vastu tarIke mahAbhArata-rAmAyaNa ane anya purANomAMthI kathAnako pasaMda karI loko samakSa gAI zakAya e rItano kAvyabaMdha sAdhI Apyo. eNe vastu tarIke lIdhelAM 'upAkhyAno'mAMnA 'upa" upasargane jato karI 'AkhyAna' saMjJAno samAdara karyo, jemake 'tAlamaya sakala artha padabaMdha bAMdhuM nala-AkhyAna yudhiSThira AnaMda pAmya sAMbhaLI AkhyAna mahAbhArata-AraNyaka parvamAMnA 'nalopAkhyAna'ne ja pahelA avataraNamAM "nalaAkhyAna' kahe che ane 'upAkhyAna' evI cAlu saMjJAno tyAga karI bIjA avataraNamAM AkhyAna' kahe che. paraMtu paurANika upAkhyAno ja enAM mukhyAnono viSaya hatAM evuM enA mAnasamAM hajI spaSTa thayuM nahi hoya, kAraNa ke eNe "kAdaMbarI'nA sArAnuvAdane paNa bhAkhAI kIdhuM AkhyAna kahyuM che. bezaka, enI puSpikA enI ja lakhelI hoya to, tyAM pUrva bhAgane aMte 'gnamASa vitavadha kahe che," to uttara bhAganA AraMbhamAM bANe kAdaMbarI' adhUrI rAkhelI e batAvavA pitA svarga pAmyu ni adhavaci uttama rahyuM AkhyAna'' ema kahIne paNa puSpikAmAM 3pArIne travADI mAnakRta saMbU ema kahyuM che.

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230 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 Ama 'kAdaMbarI' jevI sarvathA kAlpanika koTinI laukika kathA'ne paNa 'AkhyAna' ane saMskRta rUDha zabda 'upAkhyAna' kahevAmAM eNe saMkoca nathI sevyo ema kahI zakAya, paraMtu 'AkhyAna'nI A vyApakatA enI sAthe ja pUrNa thAya che ane enA anugAmIo 'laukika kathAo'ne 'AkhyAna' kahetA jovAmAM AvyA nathI. hA, bhAlaNe kavacit AkhyAnaprakAranI racanAne 'rAsa' kahela che; jema ke dazamaskaMdhamAM 'rumiNI vivAha'ne aMteH gAna kare je premazuM e kRSNavihivA-rAsa, sukha pAmI saMsAranAM ne aMte vaikuMThavAsa. to e ja rIte enA anugAmIomAMnA nAka2 ane enA pachInA viSNudAse e prakAranI racanAone rAsa' kahela paNa che; jemake rAmakRpAe kIdho rAsa, kahi nAkara hirano dAsa. rAmakRpAe kIdho rAsa, kara joDIne kahe viSNudAsa.'10 jaina sAhityakAroe paurANika koTinAM dhArmika kathAnakone mATe 'rAsa' saMjJA vyApaka karI hatI tenuM ja bhAlaNa-nAkara-viSNudAsamAM A anusaMdhAna jaNAya che; racanAo paurANika AkhyAnonI ja che. bhAlaNano samaya gujarAtI bhASAno itihAsa' (I.sa.1C66) prasiddha karatAM vrajalAla kA. zAstrIe 'kAdaMbarI-dazamaskaMdha'mAMthI avataraNa lIdhAM, paNa bhAlaNanA samayanA viSayamAM kazuM lakheluM nahi. kavi narmade 'narmakoza'nI 'gujarAtI bhASA' vALI prastAvanA (I.sa. 1872)mAM bhAlaNa I.sa. nA17 mA saikAmAM thayAno nirdeza karyo.11 hari harSada dhruve bhAlaNanI prasiddha racanAo vize kahetAM sUcavyuM ke . tene vi.saM. 1616 pahelAM mUkavo paDaze; joke tene kavi narasiMha mahetAnA ane tenA samakAlIna 'hiralIlA'vALA bhIma kavi ane kAnhaDade-prabaMdha'-vALA padmanAbha jeTalo to AgaLa nahi mukAya, paNa te temanA samayathI bahu arvAcIna nahi karAya'12 A pachI I.sa.1887mAM prAcIna kAvya traimAsika'mAM 'saptazatI' ApatAM, nArAyaNa bhAratIe bhAlaNanuM jIvanacirata bAMdhatAM ene saM. 1461 (I.sa.1405) thI hovAno abhiprAya Apyo.13 jyAre 'prAcIna kAvyamALA'mAM haragoviMdadAsa dvA. kAMTAvALAe eka naLAkhyAna chApyuM tyAre emAM paMdaraseM pIsatAlIsa mAMhi gayA naLaguNagrAma jI' ema saM.1545 (I.sa.1489)nuM varSa maLatAM narasiMha mahetAnA kaMIka uttara

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bhAlaNa 231 samakAlamAM bhAlaNa thayo hovAnuM ApaNA sAhityetihAsomAM zarU thayuM. paraMtu rAmalAla modIe puravAra karI ApyuM ke bhAlaNane nAme chapAyeluM bIjuM 'naLAkhyAna' bhAlaNanI racanA nathI.15 e paNa ahIM noMdhavuM joIe ke A bIjuM 'naLAkhyAna' bRhatkAvyadohananA graMtha bIjAmAM pUrva kAlamAM chapAyeluM tyAre emAM varNavALI kaDI hatI nahi. bhAlaNano samaya nakkI karavAmAM be vastu niyAmaka banI rahI che te (1.) eNe 'dazamaskaMdha'nI lIlAnAM padonI racanA karI temAM vraja bhASAnAM 5-6 pada racyAM mAlUma paDI AvyAM che ane (2.) eNe enI pUrvanA paurANika AkhyAnomAM nahi tevo kaDavAbaMdha vikasAvI Apyo che e. bhAlaNanA 'dazamaskaMdha'nI sArI jUnI hAthaprato maLe che, jemAM vrajabhASAnAM pAMca pada enI ja chApanAM sulabha che eTale prakSipta kahI zakAya ema nathI. 18 (1) hiMdI sAhityano itihAsa jotAM emAM eka vastu taddana spaSTa che ke hiMdInI prANarUpa vrajabhASAnI racanAono sAhityika koTino AraMbha to vaiSNava dharmanA eka AcArya zrIvallabhAcArya mahAprabhujI (I.sa.1473-1531)nA aSTachApamAMnA pahelA cAra bhaktakavi kuMbhanadAsa sUradAsa paramAnaMdadAsa, ane carotaranA gujarAtI pATIdAra kRSNadAse zrIkRSNalIlAne lagatAM hajAro padono vrajabhASAmAM pravAha vahAvI Apyo tyArathI cokkasa svarUpamAM thayo. aSTachApamAM jenuM sthAna nathI tevA be saguNadAsomAMno eka saguNadAsa zrIvallabhAcAryajInA bAlyakAlamAM hato ane eNe thoDAM ja pada racelAM jANavAmAM AvyAM che, paraMtu sAhityanuM vyApaka vAhana to vrajabhASAne I.sa.1500 AsapAsathI ja maLyuM che. bhAlaNanAM padonI dhATI sUradAsa vagerenAM padonI dhATIne anurUpa che, eTaluM ja nahi, paramAnaMdadAsanuM palanAnuM, mAI mIThe hirajU ke bolanAM' e padano anuvAda kahI zakAya tevuM bhAlaNanuM 'mIThuM te hiranuM bolavuM'0 maLI Ave che, jemAM zrIvallabhAcAryanA 'adharuM madhuruM'thI zarU thatA, jANItA madhurASTaka no Azaya sacavAyelo jovA maLe che. zrI vallabhAcAryajI I.sa.1490-1509nA AsapAsanA samayamAM traNa vAra saurASTranAM tIrthasthaLomAM bhArata-parikramA daramyAna, ane cothI vAra I.sa. 1529mAM dvArakA paNa AvyA hatA.' A pravAsomAM emaNe puSTimArgano bahoLo pracAra karI aneka ziSya karyA hatA. emanAM zrImadbhAgavata 52nAM vyAkhyAna I.sa. 14901509 vacce siddhapuramAM paNa thayAM hatAM. ane goviMda dave, jagannAtha joSI, rANA vyAsa jevA vidvAna ziSyo siddhapuramAM hatA. gujarAtamAMthI vaiSNavo sArA pramANamAM mathurA pradezanI yAtrAo nIkaLatA hatA ane e samaye girigovardhana u52nA 22

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232 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 23 zrInAthajInA maMdiramAM darzanArthe jatA hatA, jyAM kuMbhanadAsane kIrtananI sevA soMpI hatI. sUradAsa paramAnaMdadAsa ane pachI zrInAthajInA maMdiranA adhikArI sthAne rahelA gujarAtI kRSNadAsa paTelanI kIrtanonI sevA paNa cAlu rahI hatI. bhAlaNa AvI potAnI koI yAtrAmAM vrapradezamAM gayo hato ke nahi e vize jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI, paraMtu vrajabhASAmAM zrIkRSNanI lIlAnAM gavAtAM pada enA sAMbhaLavAmAM AvyAM haze ema eNe racelAM vrajabhASAnAM svataMtra prAcIna pAMca padothI saraLatAthI kahI zakAya ema che. vizeSamAM kRSNadAsa paTelanAM gAvAmAM agharAM paDe tevAM lAMbA baMdhanAM padono prakAra paNa bhAlaNe gujarAtI padomAM baMdha jovA maLato nathI. potAnI padaracanAmAM Ama bhAlaNa narasiMha mahetA ane mIrAMthI AgaLa vadhelo che. bhAlaNa zAstrIya rAgono paNa jANakA2 hovAnuM enAM cArasothI vadhu jANavAmAM AvelAM padothI samajAya che. vrajabhASAnI enI padaracanA uparAMta naTanArAyaNa' jevA agharA rAganAM lAMbAM baMdhanA padapa ene aSTachApanA pahelA cAra bhaktakaviono uttarakAlIna samakAlIna nahi, to samakAlIna to kahI ja jAya che. 26 (2) enAM vrajabhASAnAM pAMca ke cha jeTalAM svalpa ja, paraMtu gujarAtI bhASAmAM zrIkRSNalIlAnAM ane rAmabAlalIlAnAM maLI cArasothI paNa vadhu saMkhyAnAM padomAM 'dhruvapada'nI pahelI kaDInAM darzana thatAM nathI, paraMtu enA dazamaskaMdhamAM pada-mathALe nirUpaNAtmaka bhAgamAM 'kaDavAM'no baMdha samAddata karyo che temAM ane nalAkhyAna vagere saMkhyAbaMdha AkhyAnomAM ApelAM cokhkhAM kaDavAMomAM, sAmAnya rIte bahu lAMbA nahi evA ekamanAMmAM, sAmAnya rIte 'DhALa'nI pahelAM dhruva kaDI' ApavAno AraMbha karyo che, e prakArano puraskAraka to prAcIna sAhityanI prApya sAmagrI jotAM, bhAlaNa ja che. gIta-goviMdamAM dhruvakaDI" moTe bhAge enA pachInA baMdha'nA DhALanI ke mApanI maLe che, jyAre bhAlaNanI dhruva kaDI'mAM tAratamya paNa jovA maLe che. A prakAra narasiMha mahetAnI cAturI'omAMnA prakArathI ane zrIdhara aDAlajAe racelA 'gaurIcaritra' (I.sa.1509)mAMnA prakArathI judo tarI Ave che. bhAlaNa potAnA prakA2no A abhinava 'kaDavA-baMdha' vikasAve che; bezaka, e hajI kaDavAne aMte 'Uthalo' ke 'valaNa' prakAranI samApana-kaDIno AraMbha karato nathI, je enA uttarasamakAlIna, vaDodarAnA, nAkaranAM mahAbhAratanAM AkhyAnomAM jovA maLe che.27 e kharuM ke narasiMha mahetAnI 'cAturI'omAM nAnA nAnA khaMDa pADatA baMdhamAM ekathI vadhu vAra 'UthalA' (ane 'valaNa') nAM darzana thAya che, jenI sAthe nAkare sAmadata karelA 'UthalA' kiMvA 'valaNa') no saMbaMdha jovA maLato nathI. 28 Ama vrajabhASA ane kaDavA baMdha-e be kAraNothI bhAlaNano kAvyakAla

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bhAlaNa 233 I.sa.1580thI 1550nA gALAmAM--arthAt mIrAMnA samakAlamAM sAhajika rIte AvI rahe che. bhAlaNa hajI enI vidyArthI-dazAmAM haze tevA samayano siddhapuramAM ane prabhAsapATaNamAM rahIne bhIma potAnI 'hiralIlA-SoDazakalA' (I.sa.1485) ane 'prabodhaprakAza' (I.sa.1489) e be racanA karI jAya che, te baMnemAM-ekamAM 'mahAriSi''dvija' evo potAnA guru mATeno mambhama nirdeza ane bIjAmAM vedAMtapAraga 'puruSottama'no ane 'nRsiMha vyAsa'(prabhAsa pATaNanA vAsI)no spaSTa nirdeza kare che." AmAMno 'mahAriSi' 'dvija" ne 'puruSottama' ekAtmaka kahI zakAya ema che. A 'puruSottama' e bhAlaNanI uttarAvasthAmAM saMnyastaprakAranA jIvanamAMthI 'puruSottama mahArAja' evuM nAma svIkAravAmAM AveluM hatuM ema batAvI bhAlaNathI ananya hovAno vAda eka samaye pracalita karavAmAM Avyo hato, paraMtu itihAsapuSTa pramANonA abhAve A vAda ApoApa ja UDI gayo che, eTale bhAlaNane bhImano samakAlIna kahevAnI paNa Aje sthiti rahI nathI. 30 bhAlaNanAM vatana ane jJAti bhAlaNe potAnuM vatana 'pATaNa' ('gujarAta pATaNa')mAM hoya evo nirdeza enA mAmakI AkhyAna'ne aMte karyo che; jevo ke pUna taNo pATaNamAM ThAma, eka vAra bolo je je rAma'. 31 32 33 enA 'dazamaskaMdha'nI eka hAthapratanI puSpikAmAM enA taraphathI yA lahiyA taraphathI lakhavAmAM AvelI vigate Ane Teko Apyo cheH 'ti zrImAnavatapurANe dazamanye vALalIlApabaMdha pATaNanAra mo- brAhmaNa mAta ta saMpUrNA enI bIjI racanAonI puSpikAomAM travADI' zabda paNa maLato hoI, enA vatananA nizcaya sAthe e moDha brAhmaNa' hato enuM prabaLa pramANa enA jIvanamAM uttarottara vikaselI rAmabhaktinuM maLe che." moDha brAhmaNo ane vaNikonA iSTadeva 'zrIrAma' hovAnuM jANItuM che. e kharuM che ke bhAlaNa enI vahelAMnI racanAomAM ArUDha rAmabhakta nathI jaNAto. enI 'saptazatI'nA padyAnuvAdamAM to e devIbhakta lAge, pa paraMtu sAmAnya brAhmaNa saMpradAyano hovAnuM 'zailasutAsuta' gaNezane 'saptazatI'nA AraMbha (pahelI ane dasamI kaDI) mAM namana karI sarasvatIne paNa yAda kare che; 'kAdaMbarI' ane 'nalAkhyAna'ne AraMbhe zrI guru-gaNapati-sarasvatInAM maMgala kare che. 'nalAkhyAna'mAM eka sthaLe jeNI pere rAkhe teNI pere rahIe bhAlaNa-prabhu 3

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234 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 raghunAtha' evo raghunAtha rAma taraphano Adara pakaDAya che. pachI to jema jema uMmara vadhatI jAya che tema tema enI ArUDha rAmabhakti vadhatI cAle che ane aMte e zrIkRSNanI lIlAmAM paNa zrIrAmanI ananyatA jue che; jevI ke ene bAMdhyo huM zuM choDuM, nAme juga choDAya re, bhAlaNa-prabhu sItApati svAmI dAmodara karI gAye re8 dazamaskaMdhamAM AvAM bIjAM paNa sthAna sulabha che. 39 bezaka, dazamaskaMdhanA AraMbhamAM "sarasvatInuM ja maMgala kare che.' bhAlaNano guru bhAlaNanA mAmakI AkhyAna' ("rAmamAhAbhya)nI puSyikAmAM evuM maLe che ke iti zrIpadmapurANe umAmahezvarasaMvAde travADI bhAlaNakRta mAmakInuM AkhyAna saMpUraNa zrI gurubrahmapriyAnaMdanAthajInI preraNAthI lakhANuM che. zrI" A puSyikAmAMnA "zrIgurubrahmapriyAnaMdanAthajInI preraNAthI lahiyAe A AkhyAnanI nakala karI eTaluM ja samajAya che. e kharuM ke "dhruvAkhyAna'no AraMbha jotAM koI eka viziSTa guru hovAnuM samajAya che; jemake 'zrIpAtajInI kRpA karIne kathA kAMI kahevAya. kahe kavi huM guru taNA ahoniza pUruM pAya 202 'zrIpAtI hoya to e vizeSa saMjJA nathI, saMnyAsI mATenI saMmAnya saMjJA che; saMbhava che ke "zrIpati' hoya. enA jAlaMdhara AkhyAnanI eka prata (saM.1726 -I.sa.16 70) mAM AraMbhe "zrIpatanA carNakamalani prathama karuM praNAma maLI Ave che, jyAM pachI (saM.1738 - I.sa. 1682) nI pratamAM ja sItApati caraNakamalane preme karUM...' maLe che. ahIM 'zrIpata-zrIpati' lakSmInA pati karatAM gurunI vizeSa saMjJA hovAnI vadhu zakyatA che. "sItApati' e pachIno sudhAro samajAya che. bhAlaNanA putro madhyakAlIna sAhityakAromAM kadAca bhAlaNa eka evo kavi che ke jenA putroe pitAno thoDo ghaNo vAraso sAcavI rAkhyo hoya. uddhavanA "babruvAhana AkhyAna'mAM :

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bhAlaNa 235 'kara joDIne kahe AnaMde bhAlaNasuta odhavadAsa." ane viSNudAsanA 'rAmAyaNa uttarakAMDamAM : uttarakAMDa saMpUrNa suNatAM upaje mana ullAsa, kara joDIbhAlaNasuta vinave nija sevaka viSNudAsa," ane khuda bhAlaNa paNa "mAmakI AkhyAnane aMte kahe che ke bhAlaNanI vANI sAMbhaLI viSNudAsa pUche che vaLI." A trIjA pramANane lakSamAM na laIe toye prathamanAM be avataraNothI uddhava ane viSNudAsa bhAlaNanA putro samajAya che : trIjo caturbhuja hato ema kahevAyuM che, paNa ene mATe koI pramANa maLyuM nathI. bhAlaNasuta viSNudAsa 17mI sadInA pUrvArdhanA khaMbhAtanA makarakulanA nAgara brAhmaNa viSNudAsathI pUrvano che. bhAlaNasuta viSNudAsanA rAmAyaNa-uttarakAMDanA chellAM be ja kaDavAM maLyAM che ane emAM enuM racyA-varSa vagere, "saM.1575nA kArtika sudi 5 budhavAra kahela che. paraMtu rAmalAla cu. modIe gaNitathI saM.1515- panarotaro hovAnI saMbhAvanA karI che e saMbhavita che 51 bhAlaNanI uttarAvasthAmAM khIlatA AvatA viSNudAse saM.1575-I.sa.1518 mAM racanA karI azakya na kahI zakAya. Ama viSNudAsanuM A varSa bhAlaNanA samayanA nizcayamAM sahAyaka thaI paDe ema che. e noMdhapAtra che ke bhAlaNe peTane mATe nahi, paraMtu kuTuMbanA AnaMda khAtara sAhityasevA karI hatI, jema ke, 'rUkamiNIne vivAhe saMtokhANo nahi parivAra, te mATe vivAha vistAra satyabhAmAno bhAkhuM.para kaDavAM ane kaDIonI saMkhyA ane phalazruti kaDavAbaMdhanAM AkhyAnomAM kaDavAMonI ane kaDIonI saMkhyA ApavAno AraMbha paNa bhAlaNathI jANavAmAM Avyo che. bezaka, enAM badhAM ja AkhyAnomAM Ama nathI thayuM; "dhruvAkhyAna'mAM mAtra maLe che. tyAM lazruti' paNa kahI che, jevI to bIjAM AkhyAnone aMte paNa che.* bhAlaNanI gujara bhAkhA AcArya hemacaMdranA samayamAM vyAkaraNastha thayelI aprabhraMza bhASA mAre mate 'gaurjara apabhraMza' lokamAM arvAcIna bhASAnI Adya bhUmikAnI lAkSaNikatA nAkhI rahI hatI

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236 - gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ane uttara gaurjara apabhraMza'nA rUpamAM pariNata thaye jatI hatI. paMdaramI sadInA AraMbhanI AsapAsa gujarAta-saurASTra-pazcima rAjasthAnamAM arvAcIna bhASAnAM bIja saMpUrNapaNe nakhAI gayAM hatAM. A bhUbhAganA sAhityakAro racanAo karye jatA hatA, jemAM jainetara sAhityakAromAM narasiMha mahetA, vIrasiMha, karmaNa maMtrI, bhIma, janArdana, mAMDaNa baMdhA2o, zrIdhara aDAlajo moDha vagere potapotAne anukULa sAhityaprakAra kheDatA AvatA hatA. A navI vikasI AvelI bhUmikAnI koI saMjJA hajI sAhityagraMthomAM sUcita thaI pakaDAI nathI. narasiMha mahetAnA nAme caDelA 'suratasaMgrAma'mAM 'apabhraSTa girA vize kAvya kevuM dise, gAya hIse ne jyama tIra lAge'55 e 'apabhraSTa girA' kahevaDAvavAno prayatna che, paraMtu e racanA to 19mI sadInI chellI pacIsInI lAgI che. 56 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha' (vi.saM.1512-I.sa.1456)mAM padmanAbha 'prAkRtabaMdha kavitamati karI'57 ema potAnI bhASAne 'prAkRta' kahe che te 'saMskRtathI' judI pADavA. A samayanI saMjJA ApanAro to atyAra sudhImAM bhAlaNa ja pahelo jANavAmAM Avyo che : 'gurupadapaMkajane praNamuM, brahmasutAne dhyAUM, gujara bhASAe nalarAnA guNa manohara gAUM.158 eNe dazamaskaMdhamAM gurjara bhAkhA' kahela che; to kAdaMbarImAM paNa 'kihi bhAlaNa buddhimAni karI gujjara bhAkhAI vistarI.'1. ema 'gujjara bhAkhA' kahI che. anyatra eNe mAtra bhAkhA' zabda ja prayojyo che; jemake tehanI prichavA kAraNi kIdho bhANi bhAkhAbaMdha' 61 'bhAkhAI kIdhuM AkhyAna'. kAdaMbarIpUrva bhAganI puSTikAmAM 'gurjara bhASA-kavittabaMdha' ane uttara bhAganI puSpikAmAM prAkRta bhASA' evA zabda maLe che tene lakSyamAM na paNa laIe, paraMtu kAvyAMtargata zabdo to spaSTa ja che. 'nalAkhyAna'mAM e potAnI A gujara bhAkhA'ne 'kathAmAtra e naiSadharAnI apabhraMza ai dAkhI'2 ema 'apabhraMza' paNa kahe che e 'prAkRta'nI jema eka prakAra kahevAnA AzayathI ja. bhAlaNanI sAhityasevA bhAlaNanI prApya kRtiono abhyAsa karatAM enI zaktinI dRSTie traNa kakSAnI kRtio jovA maLe che : sAmAnya : (1) zivabhIlaDI saMvAda, (2) jAlaMdhara AkhyAna, (3) durvAsA AkhyAna, (4) mAmakI AkhyAna, (pa) draupadI-vastrAharaNa-tUTaka

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bhAlaNa 237 madhyama : (6) rAmavivAha, (7) dhruvAkhyAna, (8) mRgI AkhyAna, (9) rAmAyaNatUTaka, (10) dazamaskaMdha uttama : (11) paheluM nalAkhyAna, (12) saptazatI-AkhyAnarUpamAM anuvAda, (13) kAdaMbarI-AkhyAnarUpamAM sArAnuvAda, uparAMta (14) dazamaskaMdhamAM sAmela thayelAM maLatAM ane hajI aprasiddha kahI zakAya tevAM zrIkRSNabAlalIlAne lagatAM saMkhyAbaMdha pada, (15) evAM rAmabAlaciratane lagatAM pada. Ama bhAlaNa AkhyAnakAra anuvAdaka ane padakAra ema traNa svarUpomAM gujarAtI sAhityanI vizALa sevA ApI gayo che. eka bIjuM 'nalAkhyAna' bhAlaNanA kartRtvanA nirdeza sAthe bRhatkAvyadohana (bhAga bIjo- zarUnI AvRtti)mAM ane pachIthI rAmalAla modI taraphathI pahelA nalAkhyAna' sAthe chapAyeluM, paraMtu khuda rAmalAla modIe ja e bhAlaNanI kRti na hovAnuM siddha karI ApyuM che.'3 AkhyAnakAra bhAlaNa zivabhIlaDIsaMvAda kiMvA harasaMvAda'e 79 kaDIonuM nAnuM saLaMgabaMdhanuM AkhyAnakoTinuM kAvya che, ane enI pahelI racanA hoya ema enI ati sAmAnyatAthI lAge che. 'draupadIvastrAharaNa'nuM eka ja kaDavuM maLe che. enAM sAmAnya AkhyAnomAM 'jAlaMdhara AkhyAna' 'durvAsA AkhyAna' ane mAmakI AkhyAna' kaDavAbaddha racanAo che, jemAM koI paNa prakAranI prauDhi jovAmAM nathI AvatI, sAmAnya kathAnirUpaNa ja 'padabaMdha'mAM nirUpAyela che. enA aprasiddha 'rAmavivAha' kivA 'sItAvivAha'mAM, dhruvAkhyAna'mAM, 'mRgI AkhyAna'mAM, 'rAmAyaNa'nAM cAra padoe tUTatA AkhyAnamAM ane dazamaskaMdha'mAMnAM moTA bhAganAM kathAnakomAM vacce spaSTa umerAyelAM padone bAda karI nAkhatAM kaDavAbaMdhanAM padomAM e kAMIka rocaka tattva ApavA saphaLa thAya che. enI AkhyAnakAra tarIkenI siddhi enA pahelA nalAkhyAna'mAM anubhavAya che. spaSTa rIte joI zakAya che ke AkhyAnonI racanA karavAmAM e prasaMgacitraNa karatAM prasaMganirUpaNamAM vadhu lakSya Apato hoI mukhyatve kathAvastu ja nirUpe che ane tethI karIne raso ane alaMkArone premAnaMdanA prakAranI unnata mAtrAe sAdhI ApI zakato nathI. jyAM ene e koTi sAdhya banI che tyAM saMskRta graMthono ene sahAro maLyo pakaDI zakAya che. enI pAse hathoTI che ane sAmAnya racanAmAM paNa rocakatA lAvI Ape che. zivajIne lubdha karavA zivabhIlaDI-saMvAda'mAM -

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238 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 nATAraMga mAMDyo raMbhA-zuM, umiyAjI AnaMde, svarga mRtyu pAtALamAM te moghA ati chaMda. 26 maNidhara mohyo sahI sthaLe, rahyo mastaga Dole. zUnya zabda paMkhI thayAM mukhathI nava bole. 27 zaMbhu pAse AvIne vaLI pAchI pharatI; tAna mAna raMga rAga-zuM, tripurArInuM mana haratI. 28 mohanarUpe kAminI dIThI jenI vAra, mUchagata zaMbhu havA, nahi zvAsa te vAra. 29 ja zRMgAra rasane anukULa uddIpaka sAmagrI umAnA dehamAM khaDI karI nAyakanA anubhAva dvArA mUrdhAmAM pariNamatI batAvavAmAM ahIM bhAlaNa AchI paNa zakti batAve che. naLa-damayaMtInA kathAnakamAM ene khIlavAno moko maLe che. zRMgAra rasanA vipralaMbha ane saMyoga e beunuM nirUpaNa A AkhyAnamAM thayuM che, jemAM vipralaMbhane bahelAvavAmAM ane sArI saphaLatA maLI che. agnizarmA nAmano brAhmaNa prathama damayaMtI pAse AvI naLa tarapha enA dilanuM kheMcANa kare che : nArI koe nahIM tuja sarakhI, nara nahIM ko nalatoli. 8 ja nala rAjA hara tuM pAmI, janma saphala ja hoya. cauda lokamAMhAM nahIM te toli rUpi bIjuM hoya. 9 naiSadha narani jo tuM nArI, zarakhi zarakhI joDa; nahIMtari vidhAtAnI lAgi rUpa racyAnI khoDa. 10 5 thoDA ja zabdomAM e prasaMgane khaDo karI de che ane tyAM ja damayaMtInA vipralaMbhanI tIvratA zarU thAya che. kavi "rasa zRMgAra taNuM thya aMkura : vipralaMbha te rIta. 13' kahe che. ahIM thoDo naiSadhIyacarita' mahAkAvyanA zlokono sahAro laI prasaMgane bahalAvyA pachI potAnA svataMtra zabdomAM paNa e tAdRzatA lAvavAmAM saphaLatA meLave che : bahAra rahIni kahi kAminI, guNavaMta chi tuM. navi ghaTi; paranArinA bi payodharani sparza kari chi zA maTi? 15 iMdu AvI jaghanani e aDi chi nIlaja thaI.

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bhAlaNa ra39 kalaMkI zuM kari nahIM je lAja tuM tArI gaI? 16 puSpazara e kAmanA te, sakhI, zAhAni pAthari? bANazayyA puDhIi te zarma, kuhu kihAMthI kari? 17 aMgathI caMdana dhUo; deha mAhArAni kasi. pratyakSa jUo pArakhuM, viSadhara jeNi bahu vazi.18 gAna-veNu gati nahIM, ju manathI moho navi Tali. saghalaI e sukha kari, junila rAjA AvI mali. 19 thiri na rami, vana na gami. sUnI cAli lathaDi. virahi pIDI vAmanayaNI puSpazeThAMI paDi. 2016 'karaNano prasaMga khAsa karI jAlaMdhara AkhyAna mAM jovA maLe che, jyAM harie mAyA karIne jAlaMdharanAM dhaDa zira vRMdAnI samakSa mUkyAM-tyAM vRMdAno vilApa mUkavAmAM Avyo che, pati marI gayo che evuM pratyakSa nihALatAM e bApaDI kakaLI UThe che: kara mAMhe te mastaka laIne oLakhIo bharathAra jI. gADha rovA lAgI kAminI, dhika mAro avatAra jI. sukhanI velAM duHkha to AvyuM; pApa taNo nahi pAra jI. piyu paDyA, ane maraNa na AvyuM, to zenI sAthvI nAra che? piyuDA mArA ema kAM poDhyA? uttara dho eka vAra jI. abaLA upara rIsa zI evaDI, teno kaho vistAra jI. mAre koya to che nahi, tama vinA AdhAra jI. ANa tamArA caraNakamaLanI, jo jIvuM lagAra jI. zukrAcArya kyAM gayA, je jIvADe A vAra jI? dIna dAmaNI huM thaI chuM tamo karo mArI sAra che." nabaLI kRti hoI e khIlI zakato nathI; e "dazamaskaMdhamAM vadhu rocakatA lAvI Ape che: pIyu zuM thAze, AjanI rajanI mane kayI pere jAze? jharamara meha varSe che re bhArI, vIjaLI jhabUke ne nizA aMdhArI.

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240 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa - 1 koNe kahI re gaganathI vANI, krodhe bharANo re pApI prANI. tyAre mRtyu to bhaluM re thAtuM, A duHkha dina dinanuM tyAre jAtuM. page beDI ne paravaza rahevuM, kIdhuM potAnuM pote re sehevuM. khaTa bALaka eNe mAryA paheluM, have Aza kIje teha gheluM. chello putra te kema Ugaraze? kAraja ApaNuM te kayI pere sarase? udaramAMhe te duHkha de che Aja, vAMkI veLA zI karUM lAja? bALaka roze ne Avaze dhAI, nahi mUke e pApa bhAI. evo nahi je AvI mUkAve, zuM kIje jo maraNa na Ave" 18 premAnaMdanI nirUpaNazakti bhAlaNa pAse nathI e ahIM joI zakAya ema che. e veganAM darzana bhAlaNamAM nathI thatAM; AkhyAna-kavi tarIke bhAlaNa pagathI pADI Ape che eTaluM ja. enI malAkhyAna' jevI kRtimAM paNa e sarvAze khIlI zakato nathI, svataMtra pratibhAthI viziSTa pradAna ApI zakato nathI. anuvAdaka bhAlaNa nalAkhyAnamAM jyAM naiSadhIyacarita'nA thoDA zlokonI chAyA apanAvI lIdhI che tyAM e anuvAdakanI zakti batAvato anubhavAya che. A eka namUnAthI paNa enI pratIti thaI zakaze : nala-ziri e aMboDA bAMdhyA, karatAM'tAM malasnAna. zAma kalaMka rahyAM ziri bi, e jANuM rAya nidAna.7 vihicI meru mAhAgiri nANu mAtra taNi tAM pANi, tuM zuM dAna kyuM mi mahI mAMhAM, mani moTi e kANi.8 bAhmaNani tAM varUNa karatAM siMdhu na thro mAruDi, tuM puNya kyuM mi mana-zuM ciMtA pAmi hADi. 9 69 nalAkhyAnamAM 31 jeTalAM sthAnomAM naiSadhIyacaritanA zlokono gujarAtI anuvAda eNe sAcavI Apyo che, jene kAraNe lAkhyAnamAM AkarSaNanuM rocakatAnuM tattva UpasI Ave che. eNe traNa sthaLe nilacaMpUmAMthI AvuM laI AtmasAta karI ApyuM che.1 naLAkhyAnamAM Ama to mahAbhArata AraNyaka parvanA 'nalopAkhyAna'nI ja kathAnuM prAmANika rIte anusaraNa karyuM che, Ama chatAM eNe

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bhAlaNa 241 potA taraphathI paNa svataMtra umeraNa karyuM che. 2 eno AkhA ne AkhA anuvAda tarIkeno prayatna enI lagabhaga AraMbhanI racanA kahI zakAya tevo "durgAsaptazatIno kaDavAbaddha padyAnuvAda che; emAM e khAsa koI viziSTatA ApI zakyo nathI. dazamaskaMdhamAM vacce vacce AvatAM padone alaga tAravI levAmAM Ave to sIdhe sIdhuM kathAnaka sAdA kaDavAbaMdhamAM pakaDAI jAya che. kathAnakavALAM kaDavAMomAM paNa e sAdo anuvAdaka-pramANamAM saMkSiptatApUrvakanoja jovA maLe, je upara yathAsthAna batAvyuM che. dazamaskaMdhamAM enAM svataMtra AkhyAna saLaMga kathAkramamAM Ameja karI lIdhAM che, e baMnenA Adi-aMta jotAM taddana spaSTa thaI jAya che. A be nAnAM AkhyAnomAM svataMtra AkhyAnakAra tarIke e judo tarI Ave che. eno viziSTa koTino prayatna to samagra kAdaMbarI'no AkhyAnarUpanA kaDavAbaMdhamAM Apelo sArAnuvAda che. eNe anya koI paNa racanA na karI hota ane A mAtra "kAdaMbarI ja ApI hota toye 'anuvAdaka' mAtra nahi, anuvAdaka kavinI zaktino paricaya ApI zakavA samartha banI zakata. saMskRta sAhityamAM bANanI 'kAdaMbarI' moTA moTA samAsothI bharelI gadyaracanA che. vAcaka A samAsanibiDa gadya vAMcatAM varNanonA jALAmAM evo to jakaDAI jAya ke kathAtaMtunI saLaMgasUtratA gumAvI bese. kAdaMbarI'nI bhASA khUba saraLa chatAM dIrgha samAsone laI vAcakanA vAcananI kasoTI kare che. bhAlaNe AvI asAmAnya koTinI samRddha racanAne potAnI "gujara bhAkhAmAM ramatI bhamatI karI ApI che. e sArAnuvAda e dRSTie che ke prasaMga-nirUpaNamAM saMkhyAbaMdha AvatAM vizeSaNo ane lAMbAM varNanomAMthI kathAtaMtunI saLaMgasUtratA barobara jaLavAI rahe e rIte ghaNuM choDI de che; e choDIne saMtoSa na letAM saMkhyAbaMdha sthaLoe prasaMgAnurUpa svataMtra umeraNa paNa karI Ape che. A siddhi enI AgavI ja kahI zakAya, je "saptazatI' ke 'bhAgavata-dazamaskaMdhanA anuvAda (svataMtra koTinAM padone bAjue rAkhI)mAM e batAvI zakyo nahoto, malAkhyAnamAM paNa nahi. eNe mULanA rasa, alaMkAra, bhAvane jALavavAmAM ucca koTinI sAvadhAnI rAkhI che. A anuvAda che evo khyAla na hoya to vAcakane e svataMtra ja kRti lAge. eNe sArAnuvAdano AraMbha karatAM ja kahyuM che ke aneka upamA, kaThiNa saMskRta gadya, padya kyahIMeka, sAhitya sakala taNI cAturI tehamAMhAM racI viveka, 3

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242 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ati paMDita hui te prIchi, tehanu nahI upAya, mugadha rasika sAMbhalavA Ichi, paNi prIchi navi jAya. 4 *, teni prIchavA kAraNi kIdho bhANi bhAkhA-baMdha; sakala upamA kahI na jAi, kiMcita kathA-samaMdha. 5.74 ane vi kathA saMkSepi kahUM, upamA keTalIeka grahUM, ye lahUM buddhipramANi mAharI re. mala mAhAri buddhipramANi bolUM thoDUM thoDUM sAra; padi pada baMdhANa racaMtAM thAi ati vistAra. 2'75 ane e vistAra rokavA jatAM paNa 6765 ardha kaDIo (33825 kaDIo) thaI che. vArtAvastuno viccheda na thAya e vize bhAlaNanI sAvadhAnI paNa dAda mAgI le che. eka mAtra namUno joIe : nAmi narapadaMte trAsa ja pAmi, je mahAbaliyA yodha; zatrumaMDilina mina bhATisa narahiranA samu krodha; 7 senA bahu zobhAnI kaji, ari na Avi kAmi; Apa-nAma-pratApi karI jeNi jItyA bahu saMgrAma; 8 mane dharama, kopi yama, tApi pAvaka, dhanada prasAda, rUpi manmatha, buddhi suraguru, zisama mukhaya oAda, 9 vANI vedhA-putrI, teji taNi, maruta balamAna, bhAra saheve bhU-sama, toli meru mahidhara sthAna; 10 ye rAjA pRthavIa pAlati varaNasaMkara citrAmi, kAvya viSaI dRDha baMdha, kezanuM grahaNa suratasaMgrAmi, 11 kanakadaMDa te chatra rAyani, svapna viSi viyoga, ji dhvaja, paraloka thakI bhaya, vAMchita vasudhAM bhoga, 12 zuksArikAni rakSAgRha, sArI ramatAM mAri, dhUmi azrupAta, cApaki pheravatAM haya-prahAra, 13

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zUla prAsAda caMDikA kera, gAMdhIni paNi kuSTha, saMnipAta vyAkaraNa viSi, tiAM roga nahIM deha duSTa, 14. mada mAgAne, rAga gIta mAMhAM, krayavikraya mAMhi mAna, lobha dharamanu, ahaMkAra te jeni brahmajJAna. 15' 75 bhAlaNa 243 zUdraka rAjAnuM AlaMkArika varNana ApatAM bANe vistArathI ApelAM vAkyomAM keTalAka TukaDA ja nahi, paMktio paNa choDI dIdhI che, chatAM uparanA anuvAdamAM saLaMgasUtratA sAcavI Ape che; paNa bhAlaNanI viziSTatA e che ke potA taraphathI anurUpa lAgatuM umerI paNa le che. uparanA avataraNamAM senA bahu sobhAni kaji, avira na AvI kAmi' 'toli meru mahidhara sthAna' 'vAMchita vasudhAM bhoga' 'zukasArikAni rakSAgRha' 'zUla prAsAda caMDikA keri, gAMdhInI paNi kuSTha' 'saMnipAta vyAkaraNa viSi, tihAM roga nahIM deha duSTa' 'kraya-vikraya mAMhi mAna' lobha dharamanu' 'ahaMkAra te jeni brahmajJAna' A vastu umerI le che. AmAM mULanA zleSa jema jALavyA che te ja rIte umeraNamAM paNa zleSa mUrta karI ApI sAMdho jaNAvA dIdho nathI. anuvAdaka tarIkenI enI siddhinI mulavaNI karatAM kahevuM joIe ke 'saptazatI' ane 'dazamaskaMdha' (kathAmAM spaSTa umerI levAmAM AvelAM geya padone bAda rAkhIne kaDavAbaMdhanI samagra racanA)mAM e sAdo padyAnuvAdaka ja rahyo che; nalAkhyAna'mAM e mahAbhAratanA 'nalopAkhyAna'no sArAnuvAda ApatAM naiSadhIyacarata' mahAkAvyamAMthI saMskRta 'kAdaMbarI'nA acchoda sarovaranA varNananA thoDA namUnA laI, sAdA kathAnakamAM vaNI laI kAvyane AkarSaka banAvI lIdhuM che. 'kAdaMbarI'sIdho sArAnuvAda che; emAM paNa eNe saMkhyAbaMdha sthaLoe potA taraphathI prasaMgacitraNamAM umeraNa karI potAnI pratibhAno paricaya karAvI Apyo che. 77 pakAra bhAlaNa paurANika AkhyAno-kaDavAbaddha-no e puraskAra bane che, paNa mAtra e sAdo AkhyAnagAyaka hoya evo anubhava thAya che; kavinI pratibhAnAM ApaNe darzana nathI karI zakatAM. anuvAdaka tarIke 'nalAkhyAna'mAM enI pratibhA 'naiSadhIyacarita' mahAkAvya, 'nalacaMpU' ane kavacit 'kAdaMbarI'nA sahArAthI thoDo camatkAra sarjavA lAge che; 'kAdaMbarI'nA sArAnuvAdamAM potAnA taraphanAM umeraNomAM e bANanI sAthe tadAtmakatA sAdhavAmAM saphLa thaI potAnI kavipratibhAno anubhava karAve che. have jyAre e zrIkRSNa ane rAmanI lIlAnAM bhaktakavinI hesiyatathI pada gAya che tyAre e

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244 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 gujarAtI sAhityakSetre 'vAtsalya' rasano (kAvyazAstramAM khUba moDethI svIkArAyelA ane saMskRta sAhityamAM sAmAnya rIte prayojavAmAM na AvelA rasano) suMdara paripAka rajU karI Ape che. eNe evA ja alpajJAta "bhaktirasanI paNa kavitA gAI che. narasiMha mahetAnI ane bhAlaNanI padomAM vyakta thatI kavipratibhAnI tulanA karIe to narasiMhanAM padomAM zuddha zRMgAra rasa-enA vipralaMbha ane saMyoga e beu prakAra sAthe -mUrta thato anubhavAya che, jyAre bhAlaNanAM padomAM zRMgAranAM darzana javalleja thAya che, ane thAya che tyAM kAMto "vAtsalyamAM athavA to "bhaktimAM aMtargata thaI svataMtratA dhAraNa karI ja zakato nathI. baMne bhaktakavio hovA chatAM narasiMha maheto zRMgArasano kavi che, bhAlaNa bhaktirasano kavi che. kathAtmaka kAvya eka cokkasa prakAranA mALakhAmAM racavAno nirUpakono prayatna hoya che ane prasaMgone yathAsthAna dIpatA banAvavA ene sAvadhAnI rAkhavAnI hoya che; padaprakAranI kavitAmAM A lekhakane evA prakAranuM koI baMdhana pharajiyAta nathI; bezaka, keTalIka vAra kathAno tANo emAM prasaMgavazAt saMdhAto paNa hoya. dA.ta. rAmabAlacarita'mAM e vatsala ane bhaktithI chalakAtA hRdaye bALalIlA tanmaya thaIne gAto hoya che. enA anusaMdhAnamAM prabhu gaMgAthI UtaryA pAra, mithilAnAM maMgaLa jovA; gurusaMga be rAjakumAra, mithilAnAM maMgaLa jovA; eka iMdu ne eka che kAma, mithilAnAM maMgaLa jovA; eka gaura ne ghanazyAma, mithilAnAM maMgaLa jovA. 2 prabhu hIMDe che laTakatI cAlya, mithilAnAM maMgaLa jovA. 38 kavino Azaya potAnA hRdayamAM mUrta thatI iSTa chabIne zabdadeha ApI kathAMzane sAMdhavAno mAtra hoya che, jyAM kathAbhAga hoya che tyAM, bAkI ene emAM AtmalakSitA ja mUrta karavAnI hoya che : evA dazarathanA bAla, lAla pAraNe jhUle; zyAma svarUpa dekhIne mAruM mana bhUle. evA 1 evA hAlo hAlo' mukhe hAlaruM kahe; vaLI zruti ne veda jene kaMThe rahe. evA 2 maiyA DhaLakatI DhaLakatI tANe dorI; ziva sanakAdika ne brahmAdika rahyA herI. evA 3

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bhAlaNa 245 khAte dhAve khelaNI vaLI paDI rahe mUke; evA ramatA rAmanAma dhyAna sAMkha na mUke. evA. 4 adapaDiyALI AMkhaDI mIMce ne ughADe; bALakane bahAra kADhI maiyA prabhune poDhADe. evA 5 jhaDapa nAMkhe jharamara ne vaLI pAya vatI toDe; bhAlaNa-prabhu raghunAtha mAro bhavabaMdhana choDe. evA 6 9 kavi bhakta che ane tethI ja AmAM bhagavAna rAmanuM mAhAtmajJAna spaSTa UpasI Ave che; saLaMga kathAno e koI bhAga banatuM nathI. dazamaskaMdhamAM cAlu bhAgavatI kathAmAM Ameja karI levAmAM AvelAM pada taddana svataMtra che. jUnI hAthapratomAM svataMtra saMgraha paNa jovA maLyo che. rAmabAlalIlAnAM padonI saMkhyA vadhu moTI che. A pado badhAM ja bhAlaNanI uttarAvasthAnAM na paNa hoya, kAraNa ke uttarAvasthAmAM e custa rAmabhakta ja hato, eTalo ArUDha ke bhagavAna kRSNanI lIlA gAtAM paNa "e sItApati rAma ja che rAma ja che' evI bhAvanAthI eNe gAna karyuM che. Ama chatAM prauDhi kRSNabALalIlAnAM padomAM savizeSa jovA maLe che. mAtA jazodAnuM mAtRhRdaya bAlakaSNamAM kevuM hatuM eno paricaya sabaLa rIte AvAM padomAM sulabha che. kavinI citraNA mAtAnI sAthe tadAkAra vRtti sAdhI "A mAtA ane A kavi' evo bheda paDavA detI nathI. nIcenI garabI' prakAranI paMktio juo : bAI, jAo maMdira sahuko ApaNe re, soDa bhalAI phokaTa letAM Aja ho; olaMbhA dAhADI enA lAvatAM re, sAMbhaLIne mujane thAtI lAja ho. jAo. 1 kuMvara to vaNase mAhAro re.. tamAruM kAMI Ave ne jAya ho; mAkhaNano cora sahu ene kahe re, ema to mAro mahimA ocho thAya ho. jAo. 2 navalakSa ghera dhenu mAhare re. AlIgAro karato hIMDe ALa ho;

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246 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa-1 khAvuM pIvuM ati ghaNuM re, phokaTa para-ghera jaIne khAye gALa ho. jAo. 3 zIkhAmaNa mArI to mAne nahi re, nahitara te jAye zAne kAja ho; dahIM ne dUdha mAkhaNa che ghaNuM re, jANe to nAnuM sarakhuM rAja ho. jAo. 4 moMnAM mIThAM, melAM che. manamAM re, jANuM chuM je prema che apAra ho; svAratha vAhAlo sahune ApaNo re, paradu:kha lAge nahi lagAra ho. jAo. 5 sAcA e sama khAzo to choDazuM re, zIkhAmaNa tyAM lAge jo eka vAra ho; bhAlaNa-prabhunI kaLA koho jANe nahi re, jo Ave brahmane tripurAra ho jAo. 6' (1 ahIM gopIonI aneka rAvothI bAMdhelA kRSNane sapADuM laI choDAvavA AvelI gopIone kavi jazodAnA mukhamAM upAlaMbha apAve che. emAMthI bAluDA pratyenA vAtsalyanI caDatI mAtrA, juo jasodAnA vacanamAM : Ava AtA, huM dUdha pAuM, pAlaNaDe poDho manamohana; hari, harakhe hAlaruM gAuM. Ava0 1 mAkhaNa corya ko kahe AvI, zayAmasuMdara, huM jhAMkhI thAuM; navalakSa dhanu dUjhe mAhAre, loka mAMhe, kema samAuM? Avo re olaMbhe Ave AhIraDI, sahu AgaLa zA zA sama khAuM? bhAlaNa--prabhu raghunAtha ramo ghera, prANajIvana huM varaNe jAuM. Ava. 3' 2 ane mAtRhRdayanI gherI chApa : "tArAM bhAmaNAM lauM, manamohana, vAhAlA, vALu kIje re; mAkhaNa roTI dUdha dUra che, je bhAve te khIje re. 1. dUbaLo dekhI tujane kaMtha ghaNuM ghara kIje re; eTaluM mAguM chuM , mAhAvA, ghera ghera na jaIe bIje re. 2.

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bhAlaNa 247 tuM to sarvasva che mArA re, tuM dIThe mana bhIMje re, bhAlaNa-prabhu raghunAtha, eTaluM saMsAra taNuM sukha dIje re. 3. 83 jema mAtAnA hRdayanuM kavi citraNa Ape che tevuM ja gopAMganAonA kRSNa taraphanA snehanuM paNa citraNa khaDuM karI Ape che. AmAM paNa mAtRsnehanAM-vatsalatAyukta snehanAM darzana thAya che, jemake - jazodA, choDo kahAnane, huM ApuM gorasa goLI re, evaDI rIsa ghaTe nahi tamane, huM jANuM chuM bhoLI re. jasodA. 1 AgaLa UbhA duHkha dhare che, bALaka saghaLI ToLI re; AMkhaDI ati aNiyALI eTenI thaI che rAtI coLI re. jasodA2 haTha kIdhe kAMI nahi Ave je mahI nAkhyuM che DhoLI re. tamane to duHkha nathI lAgatuM, bhAlaNa-prabhunA manamAM hoLI re. jasodA. 34 kavie kvacita gopAMganAono kAmuka bhAva paNa gAyo che; emAM "premasAgara mAMhe amane boLo, eTaluM rAkhajo cittaH bApa" 85 bhAlaNa prabhu raghunAthajI, ApaNe ramIe rUDI para. A0 486 vagerenI rIte jAra-bhAvanAM paNa darzana thAya che, paNa zrIkRSNanA svarUpanuM mAhabhyajJAna hoI e zRMgArane badale bhaktimAM pariNata thatuM jovA maLe che : "mujhane zuM karaze zuM karaze verIDAM herI? huM dAsI to thaI rahI chuM naMdakuMvara kerI. mu0 1 jANuM ramatA ramatA Ave hari ANI zerI, mAraga mAMhe vaNavA besuM huM motIDAM verI. mu0 2 sAsu naNadI mokSa thayAM che piyune bhaMbherI; huM to koInuM kahyuM na mAnuM, vAta teha anerI. muo 3 nitye vRMdAvana mAMhe jAuM manmathanI huM prerI; bhAlaNaprabhu rAma vaza kIdhA, nava jAuM pherI. mu) 4 87 dANalIlAnAM padomAM keTalIka majAka paNa uDAvavAmAM AvelI anubhavAya che; vaLI rAdhA taraphanA kRSNanA vizeSa anurAganAM paNa darzana thAya che. mAnalIlA paNa bhAlaNe gAI che, nAyikAnA virahanAM paNa pada gAyAM che. AvAM padomAM jayadevanA

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248 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 gItagoviMda'nuM keTaleka aMze anukaraNa thatuM jovA maLe che. paraMtu khUba ja maryAdita svarUpamAM, jUnI praNAlInI ghareDamAM, jemAM kavacit camatkAra paNa lAvI Ape che : kaustubhamAM nija rUpa dekhI rIsAvI pyArI; jANuM khoLAmAM beThI che, muja sarakhI ko nArI. dekhI. 1 dUtIne tyAM gALa de che, tuM to dhUtArI; mane zAne teDI AvI, e to vyabhicArI. dekhI2 madhya nAyikA sAna karIne, buddhi kahI sArI; kaMTha thakI kezavajI melo, mahAmaNi utArI. dekhI) 3 rAdhAe tyAM nArI na dIThI, dIThA kaMsAri; bhAlaNa-prabhu rAghava-zuM vAdhI prIta ati bhArI. dekhI 0 488 mane ema lAgyuM che ke aSTachApanA pahelA cAra kavionI kavitApraNAlInI chAyAmAM bhAlaNa Avyo che ane enA "vatsala" ane "bhaktinAM padonA dhravAhamAM AgaLa jatAM dANa-mAna vagerenAM pada paNa nirUpAyAM che. A enI moTI uMmare pahoMcyA pachInI racanAo kahI zakAya ke jyAre e zrIkRSNa ane zrIrAmane ekAtmaka rIte joto anubhavato thaI cUkyo hato. A enA mAhAsyajJAnanI bhaktinI maryAdA che. narasiMha mahetA ane bhAlaNa vacce je bheda che te e ke narasiMha prathama kavi che ane pachI bhakta che, bhAlaNa prathama bhakta che ane pachI kavi che; narasiMhamAM kavitva sahaja che, bhAlaNamAM kavitva AgaMtuka che. A kAraNe e narasiMha mahetAnI kavipratibhAne AMbI zakato nathI, A kAraNe ja gujarAtanA prathama kakSAnA madhyakAlIna kavio-narasiMha, premAnaMda ane dayArAmanI haroLamAM na AvatAM bhAlaNa kavionI bIjI haroLamAM mAnavaMtuM sthAna pAmI rahe che. saMdarbhanoMdha : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. prAcIna gUrjara kAvya saMgraha, pR.1 vagere naLAkhyAna (bhAlaNa), 1-1, pR.1 e. ja. 33pa, pR.73 kAdaMbarI (bhAlaNa) : pUrva bhAga. 23-195 e ja, pR.178 kAdaMbarI (bhAlaNa) : uttara bhAga. 28-5.

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bhAlaNa 249 7. e ja, pR. 128 8. gujarAta vidyAsabhA, ha.li.pu.naM. 1392, pR. 4000; dazamaskaMdha, pada 341 muM, pR.280 9. nalAkhyAna (nAkara)H chelluM kaDavuM (gu.vi. sabhA, ha.li.pu.naM.738) 10. rukmAMgadapurI (viSNudAsa): chelluM kaDavuM (gu. vi. sabhA. ha. li. pu.naM. 4772) 11. narmakoza : gujarAtI bhASA, pR. gha 12. buddhiprakAza, varSa 32, pR. 153 (I.sa.1885) 13. prAcIna kAvya trimAsika : caMDI AkhyAna (bhAlaNa), prastAvanA, pR.14 14. prAcIna kAvyAmALA, graMtha 11, nalAkhyAna (bhAlaNanuM bIjuM), 28-7 15. rAmalAla cu. modI, be naLAkhyAna, prastAvanA, pR.8 16. dazamaskaMdha (bhAlaNa), 56 77, 251, 253 thI 255, ane 265) 17.gu. vi. sabhA, ha. li. pu. naM. 157 (utAryA varSa saM. 1775) 18. DA. dhIrendra varmA, brajabhASA vyAkaraNa : brajabhASAmeM likhI gaI solahavIM zatAbdI se pahale kI prAmANika racanAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiN|' (pR. 12) saMkSepa me yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki brajabhASA se saMbaMdha rakhanevAlI 15 vIM zatAbdI taka kI prakAzita prAmANika sAmagrI amI zUnya vAvara hai| (pR.31) 19. ke. kA. zAstrI, zrIvallabhAcArya mahAprabhujI, pR. 57 20. dazamaskaMdha (bhAlaNa), 103 pR. 74 21. ke. kA. zAstrI, uparyukta, pR. 156, pAdaTIpa 14mI 22. e ja, pR. 150-151 23. e ja., pR. 115, 214 24. 25. ke. kA. zAstrI : bhAlaNa eka adhyayana, pR. 40 (juo dazamaskaMdha-bhAlaNanAM pada, 45 312, 386, 449, 465, 471) 26. dazamaskaMdha (bhAlaNa), kaDavuM 2, 3, 5, 8 vagere aneka 27. nAkaranuM virATaparva 28. narasiMha mahetAnI 'cAturIo' (saMpA. caitanyabALA diveTiyA) 29. bhIma, hiralIlA-SoDazakalA, pR.12-14 ane prabodhaprakAza, pR.1 30. caMDI AkhyAna (bhAlaNa), prastAvanA, pR.11 31. buddhiprakAza, varSa 74, pR. 53 32. gu. vi. sabhA, ha. li. pu. naM. 157 33. e. ja. ha. li. pu. naM. 159 nI 'kAdaMbarI'nI pratanI puSpikA 34. ke. kA. zAstrI, bhAlaNa eka adhyayana, pR.45

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250 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 35. saptazatI-caMDI, AkhyAna (bhAlaNa), kaDavuM 1 luM, kaDI 6-8 36. kAdaMbarI (bhAlaNa), pUrva bhAga, 1-1; 37. ejana, 17-10 38. dazamaskaMdha (bhAlaNa), pR. 40 39. ejana pR.41, 51, 78, 81 vagere 40. ejana, pR. 1 41. buddhiprakAza, varSa, 74 42. dhruvAkhyAna, kaDavuM 18 muM 43. gu. vi. sabhA, ha. li. pu. naM.23 44. e ., ha. li. pu. naM. 7942 45. e ja., ha. li. pu. naM. 436ba 46. e ja, ha. li. pu. naM. 485 47. buddhiprakAza, varSa, pR. 53 48. ke. kA. zAstrI, kavicarita (bIjI AvRtti), pR.28081 49. gu. vi. sabhA, ha. li. pu. naM. 485 50. e ja. ane e ja be kaDavAM haragoviMdadAsa kAMTAvALAe udbhavakRta 'rAmAyaNa'mAM aMte umeryAM che. rAmalAla cu. modI, bhAlaNa uddhava ane bhIma, pR.34 51. 52. dazamaskaMdha (bhAlaNa), pR. 284 53. 'sAhitya' mAsika, varSa, 11 muM bhA. ni. mahetAnuM saMpAdana, dhruvAkhyAna' 54. e ja, kaDavuM 18 muM ane 'rAmavivAha' (aprasiddha), kaDavuM 21 muM 55. narase mahetA kRta kAvyasaMgraha -suratasaMgrAma', 72-2 56. ke. kA. zAstrI, narasiMha maheto, adhyayana', 57. kAnhaDade prabaMdha (padmanAbha), 4-350 58. nalAkhyAna (bhAlaNa), 1-1 59. dazamaskaMdha (bhAlaNa) 326-1, 347-1, 336-15 60. kAdaMbarI (bhAlaNa), pUrva bhAga, 40-117 61. e ja, 1-5 ane 23-195 62. nalAkhyAna (bhAlaNa), 1-10 6 3. juo pAdaTIpa 15 mI. 64. bRhatkAvyadohana. bhAga-1 ('zivabhIlaDI saMvAda') 65. nalAkhyAna (bhAlaNa), kaDavuM 5 muM, pR.8

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66. e ja, kaDavuM 8 muM, pR. 14-15 67. jAlaMdhara AkhyAna (bhAlaNa), kaDavuM 18 muM, pR. 136-137 68. dazamaskaMdha (bhAlaNa), kaDavuM 4 thuM, pR. 10-11 69. nalAkhyAna (bhAlaNa), kaDavuM 4 thuM, pR.6 70. ke. kA. zAstrI, bhAlaNa : eka adhyayana, pR. 137-138 71. e ja, pR. 138 72. e ja, pR. 139-133 dazamaskaMdha (bhAlaNa), anukrame pado 326-341, 347-366 bhAlaNa 251 73. 74. kAdaMbarI (bhAlaNa), pUrva bhAga, kaDavuM 1 luM 75. e ja, kaDavuM rahyuM 76. ke. kA. zAstrI, bhAlaNa : eka adhyayana, pR. 138 77. ke. kA. zAstrI kAdaMbarI : adhyayana (bIjI AvRtti), pR. 67-71 jyAM paNa badhAM umeraNa to sUcavI zakAyAM nathI. 78. rAmabAlacirata (bhAlaNa), pada 36 muM 79. e ja, pada 21 muM. 80. jevuM ke 'bhAlaNa prabhu sItApati svAmI dAmodara karI gAye' (dazamaskaMdha bhAlaNa, pR. 40 vagere) 81. dazamaskaMdha (bhAlaNa) 56 55muM, pR. 41, 42 82. e ja, 56 63 muM pR. 46 83. e ja, 56 75 muM. pR. 53 84. e ja, 56 50 muM pR. 40 85. e ja, pada 61 muM pR. 45 86. e ja, 56 71 muM pR. 51 87. e ja, 56 98 muM pR. 71-72 88. e ja, 56 141 muM pR. 106.

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252 7 prabandhasAhitya ane padmanAbha kAntilAla vyAsa prabandha-svarUpa A kAvyasvarUpanI utpattimAM e samayanA yugabaLe paNa mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo haze emAM zaMkA nathI. maMjulAla majamudAre A yuganAM paribaLone sAhitya-svarUponA sarjana mATe kAraNabhUta gaNyAM che. madhyakAlIna sAhityanA abhyadayano e kALa dezamAM laDAIono samaya hato. vIratA ane gaurava e yuganAM jIvanalakSaNo hatAM - e vakhatano yugadharma hato. tethI sAhityamAM 'vIragAthAonI utpatti sAhajika hatI. A "vIragAthAo' be svarUpamAM maLe che : eka "muktakanA rUpamAM ane bIjI prabaMdha'nA rUpamAM. jema yuropamAM vIragAthAono viSaya yuddha ane prema hato, tevI rIte ahIM paNa hatuM.' prabandha' zabda ja vIratA ane aitihAsika vyaktinA caritranirUpaNano nirdezaka che. pra+rzva=prakRSTa rIte bAMdhavuM, grathana karavuM e uparathI prarvadha zabda uddabhavyo che. emAM koI mahAna vIrapuruSanA caritranuM prathana karavuM, enI prazasti karavI, e mukhya tattva che. samaya jatAM aitihAsika mahApuruSo uparAMta sAmAjika, dhArmika ane paurANika puruSo ane prasaMgone avalaMbIne paNa prabandho racAyA che. saMskRtamAM sAhityaprakAra tarIke pravaMdhanuM svarUpa sunizcita rIte nibaddha thayuM nathI. saMskRta sAhityakRtiomAM "pravadha'no artha kevaLa "susaMkalita, vyavasthita sAhityaracanA' eTalo ja che. kAlidAse mAlavizvAmitra nA prAraMbhanA prAstAvika bhAgamAM prabandhano artha "kAvyanATakAdika racanA' evo karyo che. pratipadazleSamayI vAsavadrattAnA praNetA subadhue "kathAtmaka racanAne mATe prabandha zabdano prayoga karyo che. | vikramanA teramA-caudamA zataka sudhImAM prabandhanuM svarUpa sunizcitapaNe baMdhAI cUkyuM hatuM. e yuganA badhA prabandha aitihAsika caritrAtmaka racanA" athavA TUMkamAM

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prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 253 kahIe to 'aitihAsika vArtAnA svarUpanA che. ballALano suprasiddha mogapraviMdha, jinamaMDanano mArapAnapravaMdha, merUtuMgano prabaMdhacintAmaNi, rAjazekharasUrino turvizatiprabaMdha Adi sarva prabandho aitihAsika caritra, ke aitihAsika kathAprasaMganA svarUpanA che. emAMnA mArapatiprabaMdha jevA prabaMdho padyamAM racAyA che, to merataMga ane rAjazekharasUrinA prabaMdhasaMgraho gadyamAM che, to manaprabaMdha jevA gadyapadyamizrita che. AmAMthI keTalAkamAM eka ja aitihAsika vyaktinuM caritra susaMkalita rIte vigate AlekhavAmAM AvyuM che, to pravuMvitAmaNi ke vArvizAMtiprabaMdha mAM bhinnabhinna aitihAsika vyaktionA prasaMgonuM TUMkANamAM nirUpaNa thayuM che. gujarAtImAM prabandha svarUpano vikAsa A baMne TUMkA aitihAsika caritrAtmaka rUpanA prabandhonA saMgraho uparathI prerita hoya evo saMbhava che. A saMgrahonA prabandhomAM je saMkSepamAM nirUpita hatuM eno uttarakALamAM vistAra karavAmAM Avyo ane e kathanavastunuM prathana karatAM kavioe ene mahAkAvyanA svarUpamAM DhALavAno prayatna karyo. A rIte madhyakAlIna mahAkAvya samAM aitihAsika vIrarakAvyo racAyAM, je bahudhA prabandha' tarIke ane kavacit "rAsA' tarIke oLakhAyAM. AvA prabandha rAsA prakAranAM kAvyo purAtana hiMdI sAhityamAM vikrama saMvatanA teramA zatakamAM racAyelAM maLe che. emAM caMda baradAIno "pRthurAja rAso' (jenuM mULa bhASAsvarUpa hAla prApta thatI racanAmAM ghaNuM pharI gayuM che), kanojanA kedAra bhaTTano jayacandra prakAza', jaganIkano "hammIra rAso' prasiddha che. paNa emanI keTalIka asara gujarAtI prabandha-rAsasAhitya upara paDI haze e kahevuM muzkela che. gujarAtImAM to svataMtrapaNe ja prabandhasAhityano vikAsa thayo ema avazya kahI zakAya. merUtuMga ke, rAjazekharanA TUMkA saMskRta prabandhoe uttarakAlIna kavione eka anukaraNIya Adarza pUro pADyo hato, jene emaNe kathAvastumAM bRhaNa karIne, mahAkAvyano yogya vistAra karIne vikasAvyo. gujarAtImAM prabandha-sAhityano A rIte Ugama thayo che. madhyakAlIna sAhityanA abhyAsI vidvAno rAsA ane prabandhane saMkalita, saMbaddha sAhityasvarUpo gaNIne vikrama saMvatanA caudamA zatakathI A prakAranI kRtio racAtI gaI ema mAne che. emAM kAlAnukrame aMbadevasUri racita "samarAvAsu (I.sa.1315) e prabandharAsAonA UgamakALanI adyayAvat prApta kRtiomAM pahelI che. emAM pATaNanA osavALa vaNika saMghapati samarasiMhe alAuddIna khalajInA gujarAtanA sUbA alaphakhAnanI maherabAnI meLavI eka moTo saMgha kADhI zatruMjya tIrthanA AdinAthanA maMdirano jIrNoddhAra karyo enuM varNana karyuM che. emAM kavie samarasiMhanA pUrvajono

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254 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa- 1 ullekha karIne samarasiMhanA rAjadvArI kauzalanI prazasti karI che. saMghano yAtrAmArga ane vacce AvatAM nagaronuM vigate varNana karyuM che. "samarArAsu'nI racanA aitihAsika prabandhanA svarUpane pUrNapaNe anusaratI che. vizeSa mAhitI mATe juo grantha 1, pR. 151). A yugano, prAcIna gujarAtImAM kadAca prathama vAra prabandha' nAmathI abhihita thayelo, jainetara kavi bhImano zRMgApradhAna "sadayavatsavIra prabandha' (I.sa.1410) suprasiddha lokakathAne kAvyarUpe gUMthe che. pATaNanA suprasiddha kavi bhImanA A prabaMdhamAM vIra ane zRMgAra sAthe abhutarasa pradhAna che, ane anya rasono yathAprasaMga upacaya che. kavi prAraMbhe ja pratijJA kare che ke, A prabadhamAM e nave rasonuM nirUpaNa karaze: 'siMgAra hAsa karuNA, ruddo, vIro, bhayANa, bIbhaccho : adbhuta, saMta, navaI rasi jasu jaMpisu sudayavacchassa" kathAnuM eka rAjasthAnI rUpAntara paNa maLe che. emAM sadayavatsa ane sAvaliMgAnA ATha pUrvabhavanI kathA ApI che. prastuta prabandhamAM ujjayinInA rAjA prabhuvatsanA putra sadayavatsa (lokakathAnA sadevaMta) ane pratiSThAnanA rAjA zAlivAhananI putrI sAvaliMgAnA praNayanI kathA AlekhAI che. emAM uttarakALanA zAmaLa jevo praznottarIvinoda paNa DokiyAM kare che. udAharaNarUpe nIcenI praznottarI juo. sAvaliMgA-nAha! kuraMgA raNathali jala viNa kima jIvaMti?" (chAyA : nAtha! haraNo raNasthalamAM-mabhUmimAM-jaLa vinA kema jIve?) sadAvatsa-nayaNasarovara neha-jala, nayaNAM nIra pIyaMti'. (chAyA-nayanarUpI sarovaramAM snehanAM jaLa bharelAM che, e nIra nayanothI pIe che') sAvaliMgA-"rani na diThuM pAradhi, aMgi na lAgu bANa : suNi sUdA (sAmali bhaNaI) Iha kima giyA parANa?". (chAyA-araNyamAM koI pAradhi joyo nahIM, tema AnA aMgamAM koI bANa paNa lAgyuM . nathI. to he sadayA kahe, A (hariNayugala) nA prANa kema gayA haze?) sadayavatsa-jala thoDauM, saneha ghaNa; tarasyAM beu jaNAMha : pIya, pIya' karatAM sUkI gau, mUAM doya jaNAMha'. (chAyA-baMne jaNAM tarasyAM hatAM, paNa jaLa thoDuM hatuM ane baMne vacce sneha ghaNo hato. e 'tuM pI tuM pI karatAM rahyAM ne pANI sukAI gayuM, ane baMne jaNAM tarasyAM marI gayAM.')

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prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 255 AnI bhASA prAcIna gujarAtInA prAraMbhakALanI che, ane emAM rAjasthAnInI chAMTa spaSTa varatAya che. gaNatara jainetara prabandhomAM AnuM sthAna AgaLa paDatuM che. A aitihAsika racanA nathI; enuM svarUpa padyavArtAne vizeSa maLatuM Ave che, je zAmaLanI suprasiddha padya-vArtAonuM smaraNa karAve che. vizeSa mAhitI mATe juo, grantha, 1, pR. 255). A pachI kAlAnukrame "tribhuvanadIpaka prabandha' ke prabodhacintAmaNi' nAmano jayazekharasUrino prabandha racAyo che. enI racanA I.sa.1406 pachI thoDe samaye thaI haze ema lAge che. kavie "provintA' nAmanuM rUpakakAvya vi. saM. 1462mAM racyuM. e pachI prAkRta jano mATe emAM sahejasAja pheraphAra sAthe A prAcIna gujarAtI rUpAntara taiyAra karyuM. A eka vilakSaNa prakAranuM kAvya che. vastutaH e koI caritra ke kathA nathI, paNa eka rUpaka-pranyi che. emAM paramahaMsa rAjA potAnI mahArANI cetanAne choDIne, mAyA nAmanI strInA phaMdAmAM potAnAM sAnabhAna bhUlIne sapaDAI jAya che, ane enuM rAjapATa mana nAmano amAtya pacAvI pADe che, tyAre manano putra viveka mahArANI cetanAnI preraNAthI paramahaMsanI vahAre dhAya che ane ene mukta kare che, enuM varNana A prabaMdhamAM caupaI ane duhA e mAtrAmeLa chaMdono pradhAnapaNe viniyoga thayo che. e uparAMta paddhaDI, caraNAkula, marahaThThA, dumilA, vastu, chappaya, dhavala che. apabhraMza mAtrAmeLa paNa upayogamAM lIdhA che. bolI ke mukta prAsayukta gadyanAM paNa be udAharaNo A racanAmAM che. eka ati suMdara rUpaka-pranyi tarIke A prabandha prasiddha che. vizeSa mAhitI mATe juo, grantha, 1, pR. 268). tribhUvanadIpaprabaMdha pachI ardha zatake gujarAtI sAhityamAM suvikhyAta, madhyakAlIna prabandhasAhityanA ziramora samo, vAnhaDaprabaMdha racAyo che. AgaLa varNavelI racanAo jevuM kathA ke rUpakanuM mizraNa emAM nathI; prabandha sAhityasvarUpanAM sarva lakSaNo emAM mUrta thayAM che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa eka madhyakAlIna vIrarasapradhAna mahAkAvyanuM svarUpa emAM sahajapaNe siddha thayuM che. prAcIna gujarAtI prabandhanuM eka Adarza rUpa e pUruM pADe che. eno savistara paricaya ane mUlyAMkana ApaNe AgaLa vigate karIzuM. kavi lAvaNyasamayasUrino suprasiddha vimanaprabaMdha (I.sa.1512, saM. 156 8) e nhAvaMdha pachI pacAseka varSe racAyelI, prabandha karatAM rAsA-svarUpane vadhAre anusaratI racanA che. emAM nava khaMDamAM gujarAtanA caulukya rAjA bhImadevanA suprasiddha

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256 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 maMtrI vimaLazAhanA jIvananuM vigate Alekhana che. kavie emAM vimaLa maMtrInA bALapaNathI enA avasAna sudhInA prasaMgo kAlAnukrame ApyA che, paNa nirUpaNamAM aitihAsika vigato karatAM daMtakathAnuM tattva savizeSa praviSTa che. eja rIte vimaLanA jIvanacaritrane nimittarUpa banAvIne kavi lAvaNyasamaye vaNika jAtionI, vizeSataH zrImALI jAtinI utpatti ane vikAsanI daMtakathA, nyAtajAtanA lagnAdika prasaMganA bhinna bhinna rItarivAjo, e yuganI Ama janatAnI keLavaNInI prathA, zukanAdika ane sAmudrika lakSaNonI carcA che. ghaNo saMbhAra emAM bharyo che. Ama A kAvya samakAlIne sAmAjika jIvananA darzana mATe eka AkaragraMtha sama che. kAvyanA uttara bhAgamAM vimaLa delavADAnAM suprisiddha jaina maMdiromAMthI sauthI purAtana vimala vasahInuM maMdira kevA saMyogomAM AraMbhya ane pUrNa karyuM enI kathA ApI che. ' A yuganA dhuraMdhara paMDita kavi lAvaNyasamayanI A racanA eTalI badhI prasiddhi pAmI hatI ke enA uparathI pachInA dasakAmAM saubhAgyAnaMdasUrie saMskRtamAM vima<Page #274
prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 257 A zRMgArakathA vipralaMbha ane saMbhoga baMne svarUpone rasika rIte nirUpe che. A prabandhamAM nAyaka ane nAyikA baMnenI viraha-bAramAsI"nuM varNana che, tema emanA dvAdaza mAsa bhogavarNana' che, je rasikone RtusaMhAranAM varNanonuM smaraNa karAvaze. zAmaLanI vArtAomAM Ave che tevo samasyAvinoda paNa kavacit kavie karyo che. saMskRta muktaka saMgrahomAM jema prabandhazataspardhI samarUpata ananya che, tema prAcIna gujarAtI prabandhomAM mAdhavInattamanvatApravadha ananyasAdhAraNa che. mAdhavanirlAmanvattApUrvadhanI racanAnA pachInA varSe amRtakalaze zmIrapranya' racyo che. "damIrapranya'nI racanA (I.sa.1519, vi.saM.1575)mAM thaI che. kAvyane aMte kavie racanAvarSa A pramANe ApyuM che : saMvata panarapaMcottaraI caitra bahula AThami dini saraIriti vasaMta anaI guruvAra, racyuM pavADu eha udAra'. A kRtinuM savizeSa mahattva to enA upara paDelI kAnhaDadekhabadhAnI saghana chAyAne kAraNe che. A prabandha amRtakalaza nAmanA eka jaina sAdhue racyo che. kavi amRtakalaza pote osa gacchanA sAdhu matikalazanA ziSya zrIkalazano ziSya che. kAvya viSaya sulatAna alAuddIna khalajInA kopathI bacavAno potAne Azraye AvelA be musalamAna amIro mahimAzAha (mIra moMgola zAha) ane enA nAnA bhAI gAjarUmIranuM rakSaNa karatAM raNathaMbhoranA aTaMkI cauhANa rAjA hammIradeve kevI rIte potAnA sarvasvanuM balidAna ApyuM e suprasiddha aitihAsika prasaMga che. A kRti hajI sudhI aprasiddha che. koI jaina graMtha bhaMDAranI saM. 1595mAM lakhAyelI hastaprata uparathI karelI eka nakala uparathI, bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe eno mananIya savistara paricaya "svAdhyAyanA dIpotsavI, 2020 (navembara, 1964nA) aMkamAM karAvyo che. dampIrajhalpa' kavie mukhyatve copAI,duhA ane vastu chaMdamAM racyo che. emAM kula 680 kaDIo che. kAvyanA maMgaLAcaraNamAM kAzmIramukhamaMDanI sarasvatI, gaNeza ane harasiddha mAtAne praNAma karIne kavi kAvyaracanAno AraMbha kare che : "kAsamIramukhamaMDaNa sAmi, durI paNasAI jehanaI nAmi; haMsa caDI, kari pustaka vINA, smRtipurANa zAstrarasi lINA. sA sArada praNamuM bhAmiNI, satavastradhara gajagAmiNI, gavarIputra gajavadana vizAla, siddhi buddhi vara vacana rasAla.

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258 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 suravara kiMmara sAraI seva, dhuri praNamuM laMbodara deva. varaSetra UjeNI thAna, kaliyuga pleccha hiMI bahumAna, praNamuM caraNakamala tasa taNAM, harisiddhi haraI dUrI hama taNAM. maMgaLAcaraNa pachI tarataja kavie hammIranA mAtApitAno, enI rANIono, enAM saMtAnono ane bhAIno ullekha karyo che. tyArabAdaenA sainyanuM ane zastrAstronuM varNana Ave che, ane e pachI raNathaMbhoranA nagaranuM ane emAM bharelA zastrabhaMDAranuM varNana karyuM che. pachI kavie alAuddInanA aizvaryanuM ane vijayonuM tathA dilhI nagaranuM vistArathI varNana karyuM che. AgaLa kathAprasaMgamAM kavi jaNAve che ke mahimAzAha alAuddInano vajIra hato, ane gAbharu mIra eno nAno bhAI hato. emaNe sulatAnanA priyapAtra saradAra kAbU malikane mArI nAMkhyo. tethI roSe bharAIne sulatAne emanAM baMnenA mAthAM kApI lAvavAno hukama karyo. AthI e baMne amIro nAThA. emane kyAMye rakSaNa maLyuM nahIM, ethI aMte teo raNathaMbhoranA rAjA hammIrane Azraye AvyA. emane Azraya ApatAM sulatAnanI khaphagI vahoravI paDaze evuM mahAjananA samudAya hammIrane ghaNuM samajAvyuM, chatAM hammIra jarAye Dagyo nahIM, ane zaraNAgatanuM prANAnta paNa rakSaNa karavAno eNe potAno dRDha niradhAra jAhera karyo. ahIMthI yuddhano prAraMbha thayo. alAuddIne alaphakhAnanI saradArI nIce sattara khAna sAthe raNathaMbhora upara eka vizALa lazkara mokalAvyuM. pahelA hallAmAM muslima senAno parAjya thayo. eTale alAuddIna pote pharI moTuM lazkara laIne raNathaMbhora upara caDhI Avyo ane enA killAne eNe ghero ghAlyo. hammIre apAra zauryathI eno sAmano karyo paNa ratipAla ane raNamalla jevA potAnA ja senApatio dagAbAja nIvaDavAthI gaDhanuM have lAMbovakhata rakSaNa thaI zakaze nahIM ema lAgatAM hammIra ane enA zUravIra rAjapUta sainikoe temaja pelA be musalamAna amIroe kesariyAM karyA, ane nagaranI sarva strIoe jauhara karyo. ane killAne Aga lagADI. vIragatine pAmelA hammIrane ane anya rAjapUta subhaTone sulatAne mAnapUrvaka agnidAha devarAvyo ane phUTI gayelA rAjapUta senApatio raNamalla ane ratipAlano vadha karAvyo. sulatAna gaDha upara jyAre caDhyo tyAre to sarva baLIne khAkha thaI gayuM hatuM. tyAM eNe eka navuM nagara vasAvyuM. A prabandhanA raciyatAe 'kAnhaDade prabandha joyo che, ane emAMthI preraNA lIdhI che emAM zaMkA nathI. enuM kathAnaka to pUrNapaNe kAnhaDade prabandhanuM pratibiMba dhAre ja che, paNa kAvyanI saMghaTanA upara paNa 'kAnhaDadeprabandhanI pracurapaNe chAyA paDI che.

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prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 259 udAharaNa tarIke "hammI...badha' (kaDI 24-50)nA raNathaMbhoranA varNana sAthe 'kAnhaDadeprabaMdha (khaMDa-4 kaDI 959)nuM jAloragaDhanuM varNana sarakhAvo, ke "hammI...badha' (kaDI para-70) mAMnA alAuddInanA vijayonA varNanane 'kAnhaDade prabandhanA khaMDa-2 kaDI 6 2-75) evA varNana sAthe sarakhAvo to AnI avazya pratIti thaze.' hammIprabandhanI saMkhyAbaMdha paMktiomAM 'kAnhaDade prabandhanI paMktione paDache mUkIne sarakhAvI che te juo. e uparathI amRtakaLaza upara padmanAbhanuM keTaluM badhuM RNa che eno khyAla Avaze. hammIra prabandha :- "bali bali goha ki navi nIsaraI, kihAM kAla dAruNa aNasaraI (kaDI 196). kAnhaDade prabandha :- dari dari navi goha pragaTai, kihAM nIsaraI sApa' (1-110). ha pra-bAla vRddha milI ghaI asIsa, jIvi hammIra tuM koDi varIsa. (kaDI 247ane 443). kA. pra-abalA vipra dITha AsIsa, kAnhaDa jIvau koDi varIsa' (1-25). ha. pra.- ketA vIra paDyA raNamAhi, ketA dhAyA sarisA jAI; ' ketA muSi veI chaI nIra, ketA suI saMbhAri vIra.' (kaDI 25) ka. pra- 'eka ghumaMtA jaI ghAI, eka DolI UpADayA jAI; eka taNAM muSi veii nIra, pAlA pulaI UMbarA mIra.' khaMDa -kaDI-3) hi. pra.-"ati laDAka gADhA vAMkaDA, mAryA pleccha ghaNA mAMkaDA.' (kaDI 251) ka. pra-"mArI mleccha mAMkaDA mUMgala,pachaI paDyA viNa mAhi" (1-91) ha. pra-ketA dhagaDa ti raNi vAulA, mAryA baMdhava paDIA mAulA', (kaDI 255) kA. pra.-je je hatA riNavAulA, eka taNA mAryA mAulA'. (2-9) ha. pra.-"anarathamUla mahimAsAha vairI gajanISAna ti mA.' (kaDI 4pa3) kA. pra-anaratha taNau mUla je hUMtau mAdhava muhatau mAryau.' (1-90) ha. pra- alAyadIna kalakI avatAra, iNaI kaliyugi avataryuM murAri.' (kaDI 5OO) kA. pra.-"rudra rUpi suratANa avatariu. kima ghAlI jaI ghAu.. (2-136)

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260 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha: 2, khaMDa - 1 A tulanAtmaka vivecana uparathI hammIprabandhanA kartAne "kAnhaDade prabandha uparathI keTalI vipula preraNA maLI hatI eno khyAla Avaze. A pachI ekAda saikA sudhI prabandho racAtA rahyA che, paNa koI dhyAnapAtra, ullekhanIya prabandharacanA A samayanI maLatI nathI. A svarUpanI je keTalIka jaina dhArmika sAMpradAyika racanAo thaI che, temanuM sAhityakRti tarIke khAsa mUlya nathI. jainetara sAhityamAM to A pachI thoDA ja samayamAM AkhyAnanuM svarUpa uddabhUta thayuM emAM kathA ane prabandhanAM badhAM lakSaNo samAviSTa thayAM eTaluM ja nahIM paNa enA vyApamAM, rasaniSpattimAM, varNanasamRddhimAM, jIvanadarzanamAM eNe madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanAM anya sarva svarUpone paDache pADI dIdhAM, ane sattaramA saikAthI gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa e jANe AkhyAnasvarUpano ja itihAsa banI rahyo. AgaLa nirUpelA adyAvadhi upalabdha madhyakAlIna prabandhasAhityanA abhyAsa uparathI prabandhanAM keTalAMka jIvAbhUta lakSaNo tAravI zakAya. mahattvanA prabaMdhonA avalokana pachI ema jarUra kahI zakAya ke prabadha' e moTe bhAge aitihAsika vyaktinA caritranirUpaNanuM kAvya che -e vyakti pachI yuddhavIra hoya, karmavIra hoya, dAnavIra hoya ke dharmavIra hoya. prathama yuddhavIranuM jIvananirUpaNa e prabandhanuM vyAvartaka lakSaNa kALakrame vistarIne karmavIra, dAnavIra ane dharmavIrane paNa AvarI letuM thayuM e svAbhAvika vikAsa hato. ahIM eka noMdhapAtra bInA e najare tarI Ave che ke vikramanI dasamI sadIthI soLamI sadI sudhInA aneka kavionA manamAM prabaMdha', "rAsa', ke caritanI vyAkhyA cokkasa nahotI. tethI prabaMdhano 'rAsa' tarIke ane "rAsano carita' tarIke ullekha thayo che, ane "rAsa', prabaMdha', "carita', ke pavADu e lagabhaga samAnArthaka paryArUpa zabdo banI rahyA hatA. Ama kAnhaDadeprabandha' paNa spaSTapaNe aitihAsika prabandha hovA chatAM keTalIka hastapratomAM ene rAsa', pavADa, ke "caupaI tarIke oLakhAvyo che. Ane kAraNe keTalAka vidvAno "rAsa ane prabandhane abhina gaNavA prerAyA che. rAsanI utpatti ke. kA. zAstrIe, ane emane anusarIne dhIrajalAla dha zAhe prAcIna geya "rAsa'nA rUpamAMthI mAnI che. "rAsa' ke 'rAsauno mULa artha to tALIothI ane dAMDiyAthI tAla ApIne goLa pharatAM gavAtI nAnI geya racanA evo hato. (u. ta. saptakSetrirAsu I). prAcIna gujarAtI "rAsa" A prakAranA hatA. A "rAsano viSaya dhArmika stavano, upadeza, jaina tIrthakaro sUrio ane zreSThIonAM caritro, tIrthasthaLonAM mAhAtma, I. no raheto. kALakrame "rAsamAMthI utkaTa geya tattva ane abhinayatattva lapta thayuM, ane aitihAsika, paurANika, sAmAjika kathAo

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prabandha sAhitya ane pAnAbha 261 ane prasaMgonuM nirUpaNa umerAyuM, ethI e svarUpa vadhAre vyApavALuM, banyuM. A rIte rAsa'mAMthI "rAsA'nuM svarUpa ghaDAyuM ane e prabandhasAhityanI najIka AvyuM. ane pachI to AvI kRtio "rAsA' ke "prabadhAne nAme vahetI thaI, ane kavacit eno caritra' tarIke paNa ullekha zarU thayo. 'rAsA' ane 'prabandhanA AvA samAnArthaka ullekho uparathI zAstrIya anumAno tAravavAM vadhAre paDatAM pragarbha gaNAze; kAraNa ke, vastutaH to "prabandha eka viziSTa caritrAtmaka prAcIna gujarAtI kAvyasvarUpa che, jenI vyAvRti "rAsA' karatAM maryAdita che. enAM vyAvartaka lakSaNonI ApaNe upara vigate carcA karI che. ene kavacit koI hastapratomAM rAsA' tarIke oLakhAvyo hoya to emAM lahiyAnI anavadhAnatA ke lekhananI acokasAI kAraNabhUta gaNavAnI che. e uparathI koI nizcita anumAno tAravavAM e jokhamabhareluM haze. samagra prabandhasAhitya upara dRSTi karatAM prabandhanuM eka lakSaNa spaSTa karI Ave che ke prabandhano nAyaka koI suvikhyAta aitihAsika puruSa hovo Avazyaka che. prabandhamAM vIranI jIvana-prazasti karAI hoya tema enA parAkramanI yazogAthA gavAI hoya tethI teno mukhyarasa vIra hoya che, jene yathAsthAna adbhuta, raudra, vipralaMbhazRMgAra ane karuNa i. raso prasaMgAnusAra puSTi Ape che. padmanAbha ane kAnhaDade prabaMdha pUrNimAnI sAMje pUrvakAzanI kSitijamAMthI jema acAnaka candrabiMba upara AvI rahe ane jagatane enA saumya prakAzathI bharI de, evI rIte yuge yuge sAhityAkAzamAM keTalIka anokhI kRtio pragaTIne potAnA dIptimaMta saundaryathI ene jhaLahaLatuM karI mUke che. kavi padmanAbharacita "kAnhaDade prabaMdha' A prakAranI eka anokhI kRti che. prAcIna gujarAtI sAhityanA mukuTamaNi samo suprasiddha prabandha te pAnAbharacita "kAnhaDade prabaMdha' (vi. saM. 1512). eno udAtta vIrarasabharita viSaya, eno vegavaMta dhasato kathApravAha, enuM surekha jozInuM pAtranirUpaNa, enuM vastusaMkalanAkauzala, enI anupama rasaniSpatti, ane manohAriNI dIptimaMta zailI

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26 2 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 e sarva aMgaupAMga ekasarakhAM manohara che. mahAkavi padmanAbharacita ahRhave prajanya rAjasthAnanA cauhANa kula ziromaNi vIra kAnhaDadee svadharma ane svadezarakSAne nimitte je anupama balidAna ApyuM enI kIrtigAthA che. e vizuddha dharmaprema, unnata rASTraprema, ane uttama sadAcAema ane sAttvika satyapremano eka prazasta puNyastrota che. A kAvyaprabandha zuddha aitihAsika kAvya che. enI ghaTanAo mahad aMze ItihAsasamarthita che. prAcIna rAjasthAnI ke prAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnI e eka sarvazreSTha kRti che.' - AcArya jinavijayajI muni A mahAne vIrarasakAvyano praNetA kavi padmanAbha visanagaro nAgara hato - bhAratanA eka purAtana yazodurgano eka sAco saMrakSaka, udAtta rASTrapremI, Adarza rASTrakavi. jAloranA cauhANa rAjA akhatarAjano e rAjakavi hato. sonagirA rAjA akherAjanA darabAranA A rAjakavie saM.1512mAM - kAnhaDadenA nidhana ane jAloranA vidhvaMsa pachI 145 varSe - prastuta kAvyanI racanA karI che. kavie potAnA viSayabhUta vIra kAnhaDade saMbaMdha, ane potAnA AzrayadAtA viSe ghaNI jhINavaTabharI vigato ApI che. paraMtu moTe bhAge prAcIna kavionA viSayamAM jema banyuM che tema potAnA vize eNe kyAMye IzAro karyo nathI. ethI kavinuM mULa vatana, kavinA pUrvajo, mAtApitA, guru, kavinA jIvananA mahattvanA prasaMgo che. saMbaMdhe kazuM ja nizcitapaNe jANI zakAtuM nathI. - kavi padmanAbha visanagaro nAgara hato, mATe e mULa uttara gujarAtanA visanagarano vatanI haze, ane pAchaLathI e akherAjanA darabAramAM jaIne rahyo haze, evo keTalAka vidvAnoe tarka karyo che. e tarka zraddheya ke sAdhAra nathI, kAraNa ke nAgara jJAti mAtra gujarAta pUratI maryAdita nathI rahI, paNa dilhI, AgrA I. bhAratanAM dUra dUranAM sthaLoe paNa nAgara kuTuMbo lAMbA gALAthI vaselAM che. ethI kevaLa jJAtinA ullekha mAtra uparathI ja gujarAtanAM e kuTuMbo taratamAM ja e sthaLoe jaIne vasyAM haze evo tarka nirAdhAra jaNAya che. ethI padmanAbhane visanagara choDIne jAlora jaIne vaselo mAnavo e koI rIte sAdhAra lAgatuM nathI. padmanAbhanA jIvana viSe kazI ja mAhitI kAnhaDade prabaMdhamAM upalabdha thatI nathI; tema A kavinI anya koI kati paNa hajI sudhI prApta thaI nathI, jemAMthI enA jIvana viSe kaI zraddheya vigato maLI zake. AthI padmanAbhanA jIvana viSe ApaNe sAva aMdhArAmAM chIe. mAtra 'kAnhaDade prabaMdhanAM AMtarika pramANo uparathI

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prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 263 kavi viSe keTalAMka anumAno tAravI zakAya che. jema ke, padmanAbha vidvAnuM che ane samartha kavi che, ane enI bAnI rasALa ane manohara che. ene "puSyavivenuM biruda prApta thayuM che. eNe potAnA AzrayadAtA akherAjanI sUcanAthI mA bhAratInA prasAdathI A sarasa prabandhanI racanA karI che. A viSe kavinI potAnI ja vANI sAMbhaLIe : "padmanAbhapaMDita sukavi, vANI vacana suraMga, karati sonigirA taNI tiNi uccArI sucaMga'. (khaMDa1, 4). 'visalanagarau nAgara eka, padmanAbha kavi puNyaviveka, ehavuM biradaAdaraI pasAI, akSarabaMdha buddhirasa thAI, akhaIrAja sISAmaNa sarI, padamanAbha karati vistarI.' khaMDa 4 340, 341) pote "paMDita, sukavi' che, ane puNyaviveka'nuM biruda dhAraNa kare che, emAM kavinI AtmazlAghA samajavAnI nathI; ene kavinA AtmavizvAsanAM vacano samajavAnAM che. A AtmazraddhAno raNako kavinI A racanA prauDha vayanI ane zreSTha hatI ema darzAve che. "A rasabharita prabandhanA cAre khaMDa navanIta jevA madhurakomaLa che, enA duhA, copAI ane manohara gIto manane rasollAsathI bharI de che : Ari khaMDa jiyAM navanIta, dUhA caupaI madhurAM gIta, sAMbhaLatAM sarIsa ulhasaI, caupaI baMdha isI IgyArasaI. khaMDa4342) kavinA potAnI racanA viSenA A kathanamAM lezamAtra ayukti nathI, paraMtu sAcI vAstavadarzI AtmazraddhAno raNako che. vastutaH dIrghakAlanI kavitvasiddhi kavinA A sAhajika kathananI pAchaLa rahelI che emAM zaMkA nathI. AcArya munizrI jinavijayajI ethI ja samucita rIte ja A prabandhane bahu ja unnata bhAvavALI ane bahu ja puNyadAyinI racanA kahe che, ane enA racayitA padmanAbhane madhyakAlIna kaviomAM "mahAkavi'nA padano adhikArI mAne che." padmanAbha bahuzruta kavi che. ene tatkAlIna itihAsano pragADha paricaya che, bhAratanI bhUgoLa viSe enI pAse jhINavaTabharI saMpUrNa mAhitI che, ane itihAsa -purANa-dharmazAstrAdikanuM ene samyaka jJAna che. e rAjakavi hoI tene rAjadarabArI rItarasamono anubhava che. ethI ja kSatriya kulonAM, kSatriya yoddhAonAM, ane rAjadarabAronI dainaMdina caryAnAM kavie suMdara citro AlekhyAM che. A darabAromAM musalamAna amIro, rAjadUto, adhikArIo vagere rAjyakArya nimitte AvatA haze.

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264 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa- 1 emanI jIvanacaryAno, emanI rItabhAtano, emanI bhASAno paNa kavine jIvanta, pratyakSa paricaya che. ethI ja e musalamAna yoddhAonAM, emanI chAvaNIonAM, emanI kUcanAM khUba pratItikara, AbehUba varNano karI zakyo che. prastuta nhaDade pravazva padmanAbhanI paripakava pratibhAnuM phaLa che, ane tethI ja ema tarka karavAnuM mana thAya che ke kavie anya racanAo paNa karI haze, jo ke hajI sudhI enI anya koI kRti prApta thaI zakI nathI. kAnhaDade prabaMdhanI aitihAsika sAmagrI - 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha' eka aitihAsika prabaMdha che. emAM ullekha pAmelI agatyanI sarva bAbatone ItihAsanA anya AdhAronuM saMpUrNa samarthana maLe che. A prabaMdhanI mahattvanI aitihAsika hakIkato nIce mujabanI che : (1) karNadeva vAghelAno amAtya mAdhava rAjA upara roSe bharAIne dilhInA sulatAna alAuddInane samajAvIne ulughakhAnanI saradArI nIce vizALa musalamAna lazkara laI Avyo. e lazkare pATaNa kabaje karyuM. gujarAtane hacamacAvI nAkhyuM. ane somanAtha pATaNane bhAMgIne enuM prasiddha maMdira toDI nAkhyuM. (2) pAchAM vaLatAM musalamAna lazkara jAloranA rAjA kAnhaDadenA rAjyamAM thaIne pasAra thatuM hatuM tyAre kAnhaDadee ene harAvIne somanAthanI mUrti choDAvI, ane bAna choDAvyAM. (3) A hAranA samAcAra sAMbhaLIne roSe bharAIne pAdazAhe nAhara malikane moTuM lazkara ApIne jAlora gaDha kabaje karavAne mokalAvyo. musalamAna lazkare mAravADamAM praveza karyo tyAre mArgamAM samiyANAno gaDha Avyo. tyAM kAnhaDadeno bhatrIjo sAMtalade rAjya karato hato. eNe nAhara malikane sajjaDa hAra khavarAvI. A yuddhamAM nAhara malika marAyo. () A hakIkata sAMbhaLIne sulatAna khUba nArAja thayo. eNe pATaNathI sUbAne bolAvyo ane bIjA khaMDiyA rAyarANA ane saradArone emanA lazkara sAthe bolAvyA, ane Ama eka khUba vizALa senA taiyAra karIne e samiyANA upara caDI Avyo. sAta varasa sudhI killo paDyo nahIM, eTale hIna yukti ajamAvIne gaDha uparanuM pANI bhraSTa karyuM. rAjapUtoe kesariyAM karyA, ane killo aMte pAdazAhanA hAthamAM Avyo. (5) samiyANA jItIne pAdazAha jAlora gayo. rastAmAM eNe bhinnamAla bhAMgyuM, ane jAlorane ghero ghAlyo. kAnhaDadee pracaMDa sAmo hallo karyo. ethI pAdazAhane

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prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 265 ghero uThAvIne dilhI pAchA javuM paDyuM. (6) pAdazAhe pharI pAchI khUba taiyArIo karIne jAlora upara caDAi karI. ATha varSa ghero cAlyo. vIkA sejapAla nAmanA eka lobhI rAjapUte gaDhano chUpo rasto batAvI dIdho, eTale e mArge rAtorAta muslima lazkara caDhI AvyuM ane jAlora gaDha paDyo. A sarva aitihAsika vigatonuM samakAlIna saMskRta-prAkRta prabaMdho samarthanakare che. u. ta. vicArazreLI mAM 'nAgara brAhmaNa (amAtya) mAdhava gujarAtamAM musalamAnone laI Avyo' ema jaNAvyuM che. yavanA mAdhavanA ravipreLAnItA:| )12 to vividhatIrthatva mAM AthI vadhAre vigatavAra ullekha maLe che : 'alAuddIna sulatAnano nAno bhAI ulughakhAna maMtrI mAdhavanI preraNAthI dilhIthI (lazkara laIne) gurjarabhUmimAM caDhI Avyo.' (alAvavILasuratALamsa Liko mAyA pUravAna nAmAdhijja DhillIpurAo maMtimAhavaperio gujjaradharaM paThThio / ) 13 ( samakAlIna muslima tavArIkhomAM paNa gujarAta upara musalamAnonI caDhAInuM ane pAchAM vaLatAM jAloranA cauhANa rAjA kAnhaDade sAthe bhISaNa saMgrAmanuM varNana che.14 'kAnhaDade prabandha'nI aitihAsika hakIkatone rAjasthAnI aitihAsika tavArIkho saMpUrNapaNe Teko Ape che. Azare traNaso varSa upara racAyelI muhaNota naiNasInI rahyAtamAM 'kAnhaDade prabandha'nI mukhya mukhya badhI aitihAsika vigatonuM samarthana che.15 Ama badhA mahattvanA samakAlIna itihAsagraMtho 'kAnhaDade prabandha'nI aitihAsika vigatone pramANita kare che. rasa, alaMkAra ane padyabaMdha A prabandhamAM pradhAna2sa vI22sa che. enA saMyogamAM poSaka rUpe athavA anuSaMgarUpe adbhuta, raudra, vipralaMbhazRMgAra, karuNa-e rasa kathAnI maMdi22canAmAM mInAkArI jevI kalAghaTanA karIne ApaNane camatkAraApe che... yuddhanAM varNanomAM vI22sanI khUbI vizeSa dIptimatI joIe chIe. adbhuta racanA prasaMgo, svapnAmAM gaMgA ane gaurInAM darzana, anya svapno, bhAvi sUcano, vagere gauNa prasaMgo najare paDe che... raudra rasanA prasaMga alpa ane chUTaka chUTaka verAyelA che.'16 A ati vegavaMta vahetA kAvya baMne alaMkAra Adi suzobhanonI lezamAtra AvazyakatA nathI. kAvyamAM AvatAM yuddha, nagara, utsavAdinAM bhAtIgaLa varNanothI, ane pAtraprasaMganAM tAdRza AlekhanothI ja kathApaTa bharacaka bharAI jAya che. chatAM, -

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26 6 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 kavacit kavie potAnA kathayitavyane bhAra apavAne upamA, rUpaka, ubhekSA jevA alaMkArono prasaMgopAtta viniyoga karyo che. kAvyamAM kavie yathAsthAna duhA, copAI, pavADu ane gItanA DhALa yojyA che. kAvyano mukhya baMdha copAI ane pavADu chaMdothI baMdhAyo che. sAmAnya rIte kavi cAlu kathAprasaMganA pravAhI varNana mATe "caupaI' baMdha (15 mAtranAM 4 caraNa), ane yuddhanAM vegavaMta varNano mATe pavADu' chaMda (27 ke 28 mAtrAmAM be caraNa; svarUpa copAI-copAyAne maLatuM pasaMda kare che. duhAno upayoga atyaMta maryAdita che. koIka mahattvano vicAra, sUkti ke subhASitane prastuta saMdarbhamAMthI judA pADIne upasAvavAne mATe kavie vaividhya mATe, upacIyamAna bhAva ke rasanA vizeSa paripaSa arthe, ane kAvyamAM raMgIna tattva ANavAne kare che. kAvyamAM vaparAyelA badhA chaMda ke DhALa te te varyamAna prasaMgAdikane sarvathA anurUpa che. varNano A kRtinAM sauthI savizeSa suMdara ane cetohArI aMga che enAM varNano ane pAtranAM Alekhano. padmanAbhe karelAM utsavonAM, nagaronAM, yuddhanAM varNanomAM asAdhAraNa sundaratA ane tAdRzatA che. vIrarasabharita dhIragaMbhIra kathApaTamAM ethI atIva sundara kalAsvastiko racAya che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa ethI e yugano samAja, enI raheNIkaraNI, enA jIvanaAdarzo, I. upara vedhaka prakAza paDe che. pAtranirUpaNa 'kAnhaDade prabaMdhanI vastusaMkalanAthI paNa caDhiyAtuM che enuM pAtranirUpaNa. madhyakAlIna kaviomAM padmanAbhanuM pAtranirUpaNa enI rasabharita vAstavadarzitAne kAraNe ane mukhya pAtromAM dhabakatAM cetana ane surekha vyaktimattAne kAraNe judI ja bhAta pADe che. rAjanItimAM pravINa, sadAcArI, Indra samI rAjariddhivALo, azvinakumAra samA rUpavaMta, nyAyI, ati dhIravIra kAnhaDade; ane vaDIla baMdhu kAnhaDade upara atyaMta prItivALo, ati sAhasI, yuddhakuzala, matimaMta mAlade, temaja rUpavezamAM kAnyakuMvara (kAmadeva) sama lIlavilAsa, pUnamanA mayaMka sama manohara, jayavaMta, TekIlo vIramade; mahAbaLavAna, gauravAzALI sAMtala, e sarva rAjapUta vIronuM Alekhana khUba prANavaMta, te te vyaktionA vyaktitvanI rekhAo pUrNapaNe upasAvatuM thayuM che. A ja pramANe virala AtmasamarpaNa karanAra batA ke bhImaparAkramI lakhaNa selaTAnuM Alekhana emanA viziSTa vyaktitvane upasAvanAruM thayuM che. pratinAyaka

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prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 26 7 pAdazAha alAuddIna ane ulughakhAna jevA saradAronA AlekhanamAM paNa kavie apUrva kauzala dAkhavyuM che. strIpAtronuM Alekhana paNa A pradhAnapaNe vIrarasanA kAvyamAM zakya eTalI sUkSmatAthI ane rasikatAthI karyuM che. somacaMdra vyAsa, hIrAde jevAM gauNa pAtro ane bhAIla ke vIko sejavAla jevAM khalapAtronAM AlekhanamAM paNa kavinuM sAmarthya achatuM rahetuM nathI. e sarvamAM jIvanta prANa dhabake che. tethI ja munazIe noMdhyuM che ke : "He Padmanabha) is perhaps the only one of the many writers of the period who has handled characters and events so well and truly.' zailI padmanAbhanI zailI sAmAnya rIte tejasvinI, prabhAvabharI, suddaDha che. e kUcanA varNanamAM vegavatI ane yuddhanA varNanamAM prauDha ane ojasvinI che. musalamAna senAnI kUcanuM varNana juo : madi mAtA mayagala siNagAsyA, pUTha caDyA pUMtAra, lIdhI pAkhara naI kaThapaMjara, ghaMTA raNajhaNakAra. Upari caDyA na aMkuza mAnaI, ehavA gaja rosAla, sava sArasI karatA cAlai, jehavA parabatamAla. ghoDA taNI phoja jUjUI, teha na lAbhaI pAra, UvaTa vATi UpaDayA cAlaI, khAna taNA tokhAra.' (1944.46) yuddhanuM varNana kevuM dIptimaMta che! 'tInhA turI UDavaI rAuta, bhalA vAvaraI bhAlA, mAjhima rAti plekha mAratAM daha disi hIMDaI bhUlA. aMgoaMgi paTe aNIyAle prANaI pAkhara phoDI, khAMDA taNe ghAI saparANe sAMdhiI sAMdhi vichoDaI. mAla taNI pari bAthe AvaI, prANaI vilagaI jhUMTaI, guDadApATu doTa vajAi, bhiDaI prahAre moTaI. (19208, 210 212) musalamAnoe pakaDelAM bAnonAM AkandamAM zokanI gherI chAyA paDI che : 'eka bhaNaI-aste janami AgilaI hIMDayAM kisyuM aNaruM,

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- 268 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 turaka pati pADIA daivi, vairI dIdhauM pUruM ehavAM vacana ghAmaNAM bolaI, bihu kari pITaI Apa, kahAM janama taNAM INi velAM, AvI lAgAM pApa." (1H159, 174) puNyaprazaMsAmAM e yuganI jIvanadaSTinuM varNana che. enI maMda-prazAnta zailI juoH puNyavaMtanAM dusakRta TalaI, puNyavaMtanaI cAmara DhalaI, puNyavaMta siri chatra dharAI, puNyavaMta navi pAlA jAI puNya mayagala bAjhaI bAri, puNyavaMta bhuja navAI hAri, puNyaI huI nita navalA raMga, puNyAM suNIveNimRdaMga' (19228, 229) somanAthanA vidhvaMsa prasaMge kavino puNyAtmA kakaLI UThe che. dharmavidhvaMsanA e nirUpaNamAM enI zailImAM kevo puNyaprakopano Aveza che! 'AgaI rudra ghaNaI kopAnali, daitya save taMI bolyA, taIM pRthvI mAMhi puNya varatAvyAM, devaloki bhaya valyA. taI bAli kAma tripura vidhvasiu, pavanavegi jima phUla, padmanAbha pUchaI somAyA! keyU karava6 trisUla.' (1H101,102) kavinI bAnI yathAprasaMga madhurakomala paNa bane che. vijyotsavanA dhoLamAM e lalitakomala che : bahAra nigodara bahiraSA, saSI neura raNajhaNakAra ki; jIta6 sahAya vadhAmaNuM e. trATa kaDu kari kanakamAM, saSI motIyaDe puru cuka ki; jIta tilaka karu kuMkuma taNAM, saSI tiNi ragi rAu vadhAvuM ki. jIta6. (1:245-247) zAhajAdI pirojAnA vilApamAM enI marmavedhI virahavedanAnA karuNagaMbhIra sUro relAyA che : kaI naI manamatha dUhavila jI, kaI huM niraguNa nAri, prIyu paradesaNi vInavaI jI, ApaI Apa saMbhAri. divasa dohilaI nIgameM jI, ravaNi ghaNerI thAI, viraha vedana mAharI kahini kahuM jI, prIya viNa rahiNu na jAI.

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prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 269 jau jalahINI mAchalI jI, jIvaI nahI jaga mAMhi, kaMta viThUNI kAminI jI, tima tima SINI thAI.' (3: 233-235) Ama padmanAbhanI zailI yathAprasaMga samucita svarUpa dhAre che. A prabandhamAMnAM kSAtrateje jhaLahaLatAM vIrarasanAM ke kuMvarI pirojAne avalaMbIne AlekhAyelAM vipralaMbha zRMgAranAM suMdara citronI joDa jaDavI ApaNA samagra madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM muzkela che. sAmAjika jIvananAM citro 'kAnhaDade prabandha'mAM tatkAlIna sAmAjika jIvananAM keTalAMka surekha citro maLe che. IsavI sananA teramA saikAnA aMtabhAga sudhImAM gujarAta ane mAravADa samRddha hatAM. gujarAtanAM moTAM moTAM nagaromAM, khAsa karIne to sAgarapaTTInAM nagaromAM sonAM- rUpAM ane rezamI vastronI chAkamachoLa hatI. musalamAna senAe gujarAtanAM nagaromAMthI anagaLa dravya lUMTyuM hatuM. emaNe taDIyAM nagara sarve dhaMdholyAM, dIThAM sAyarapUra, sonAM rUpAM anai sAvajhU, kAcAM lIyAM kapUra. (1:69) mAravADanI bhUmi paNa evI ja sarvathA samRddha hatI. saunAM ghara dhanadhAnya ane jariyAna vastrothI sabhara hatAM : navakoTI nAmi bhaNUM mArUADa ghaNa desa; dhaNa kaNa ghara savikahi taNai kappaDa kaNaya suvesa.' (1:6) samRddha ane zAMta gujarAtamAM dhArmika vAtAvaraNa sarvatra prasareluM hatuM sarvatra yajJayAgAdika thatA, devapUjA thatI, viprone dAna apAtAM, zrutismRtipurANAdikanI AlocanA thatI, tIrthayAtrAo karavAmAM AvatI. enuM varNana karatAM kavi kahe che : jihAM pUjijyai sAligrAma, jihAM japijyai hiranauM nAma; jiNi desaI karAyai jyAga, jihAM vipranaI dIjyaI tyAga; jihAM tulasI pIpala pUchyai, veda purANa dharma bUjhIyaI, jiNi desaI sahU tIrathi jAi, smRti purANa mAnIyaI gAI.' (1:15-17) kavie sahu nagaromAM jAloranuM varNana atyaMta umaMgathI karyuM che. kavie jAlo2nA

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270 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 aTaMkI gaDhanuM varNana kevA sAmarthyathI karyuM che te juo : laMka trikUTa sirISaDau re, gorIaDe gaDha dITha; kanakasakomala phUdaDI e, vici vici ratana baITha. tarala trikalasAM jhalahalai re, dhaja dharII visAla, racII caMdra A cauphalA e, mAMhi motIyaDe jAla. kAnhameri koThA ghaNA e, dIsai dIpakamAla.' (3:153-157) gaDha girUu jisau kailAsa, pUNyavaMtanau Upara vAsa; jisau trikUTa TAMkaNe ghaDau, sapatAta kosIse jADau. ghaNI phArakI visamA mAra, jINai ThAmi rahaI jhUjhara; jhUjhabANanI samadA valI, visamA vAra vahaI DhIMkulI.' (4:33-34) e pachI kavie jAlora nagaranuM enAM cauTAM, coka, ane hATonuM, enAM gaganacuMbI devAlayo ane jinamaMdironuM varNana hoMzathI karyuM che : = nagara mAMDavI vArU pITha, AchI kherA cola majITha, cahuTAM cauka cautarAM ghaNAM... serI sAMtha mokalI vATa, nagara mAMhi chohapaMkti ghaTa.' (4:15, 18, 19) AsApurI Adi yoginI, deva caturmuSa gaNapati anI, kAnhasvAmI girUA prasAda, ziSara taDoviDa lAgu vAda. ATha puha2 nita pUjA karaI, IMDe dhvajAvastra pha2haraI. valatai vAri hui nitu jAtra, nATakanRtya nacavAI pAtra. joi jiNAlAM ThAma visAla, vasahI deharAM naI posAla.' (4:21,22,23) jAloramAM keTalI badhI vAvo ane jaLAzayo hatAM! 'gaDha upara jalaThAma visAla, jhAlara vAvi kuMDa jAbAli, vArlR vAva mAMDahI taNI, sAhaNa vAti ati sohAmaNI, rANI taNI vAvi gaMbhIra, naTaraSa vAva niramala nI.' (4:24, 25) enA pavitra kuMDomAM parvasnAnano mahimA hato. jAlo2mAM aneka parabo ane annakSetro hatAM : pANI taNI parva apAra, sahU ko mAMDai satrUkAra.' (4:29)

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prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 271 jAloramAM uttama varNano vAsa hato. aDhAre varNanA loko tyAM rahetA hatA. tyAM veda-purANa-zAstrano abhyAsa karanArA brAhmaNo vasatA hatA : veda purANazAstra abhyasaI, IsyA vipra tiNi navarI vasai." (49) tyAMnA batrIsalakSaNA rAjapUto sadAya gobrAhmaNanuM ane abaLAnuM pratipAlana karanArA hatA : 'rAjavaMza vasaI chatrIsa, chinU guNa lakSaNa batrIsa, abalA vipra mAnIe gAI." (4:10-11) vepArI vANiyAo nyAyapura:sara vepAra karatA hatA. emano dezAvaramAM paNa vepAra cAlato hato : 'vivahArIyA vasaI vANIyA, vaharaI vIkaI cAlaI jAya, desAuri karaI vivasAya." ( 4:12) vANiyAomAM keTalAka dasA ke vIsA hatA to keTalAka zrAvaka ane mAhezvarI hatA. emAMnA keTalAka vyavasAye karIne dozI, phaDiyA, jhaverI ke nestI hatA. nagaramAM nANAvaTI, kaMsArA, kAgaLa ne kApaDanA vepArI, kaMdoI vagere vasatA hatA. jene je joIe te cIjavastu nagaranA bajAramAMthI maLI rahetI. nagaramAM ghAMcI, mocI, darajI, gAMchA, chIpA vagere vyavasAyI varga paNa hato. A sarvanuM kavie varNana karyuM che. vIsA dasA vigati vistarI, eka zrAvaka eka mAhesarI, phaDIyA dosI naI javaharI, nAmi nestI kAmaI karI. vividha vastu hATe pAmIi, chatrIsaI kirIyANAM lII, kaMsArA naTa nANuTIA, ghaDiyA ghATa vecaI lohaTIA. kAgala kApaDa naI hathIyAra, sAthi sudAgara tejI sAra.' (4 13-16) e kALe bhinnamALa jevAM keTalAMka nagaromAM brAhmaNonuM prAdhAnya hatuM. evI nagarIone brahmapurI kahetA. brAhmaNo ati pavitra ane sArasvata jIvana gALatA. aMga sahita cAre veda emane kaMThastha hatA. cauda vidyA, aDhAra purANa ane zAstro emane avagata hatAM. pRthvI uparanA deva jevA e brAhmaNonAM darzana pAvanakArI gaNAtAM. padmanAbhe 'kAnhaDade prabandhamAM madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM virala evuM brAhmaNonA sArasvata jIvananuM asAdhAraNa surekha, suMdara citra ApyuM che :

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272 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 brAhmaNa sahisa paMcatAlIsa, pRthivI deva avatarIyA jaisa, aMga sahita chai AraI veda, jihAM varatai AThaI vyAkaraNa, bhinnamAlanuM kisyuM vaSANa, vidyA cauda aDhAra purANa. Ayurveda bharaha saMgIta, jyotiSa piMgala viSaya vinIta. vAjI nATaka vidyA ghaNI, brahmapurI cahUANA taNI. zrImAlInAM giruAM gotra, thira ghira avasatha agnihotra. smRtivicAranA jANai marma, nitu nitu AcarIi SaTakarma. iMdrAdika devanau vibhAga, bhinnamAli nitu kIjai jyAga. bheTyAM pAtika jAi nAsi, dhotI UgAi AgAsi. sahasa aThayAsI agAI saryA, jANe valI teji avataryA.' (3:22-28) rAjapUto nItimAna, zUravIra, udAra, dharmapratipAlaka, svAmInuM prANAMte paNa kArya karanArA hatA. pahelI 'bhaDAutha' (bhaTAvalI, arthAt, 'subhaTaprazasti')mAM padmanAbhe kSatriya yoddhAonuM tAdaza citra ApyuM che : "kisyA khitrI... lughasaMdhAnIka, vIrAdhivIra, AkaraNAMta mUMcha, nAbhipramANa phreMca, udAra jhAra, haIi suvicAra, thoDuM bolaI, ..,paranArIsahodara, saMgrAmi sadhara, bolAvI mAraI, mArI maraI, ApaNA svAmI ta kAja kai, chatrIsai daMDAyudha dharaI...' (khaMDa1:bhaDAula) rAjasabhAmAM zrIgaraNA, vaIgaraNA, sAhitA, nagaratalAra, masAhaNI, bhaMDArI, koThArI, vagere rAjasevako hatA. jItanI vadhAmaNI laIne vegavaMta sAMDhaNI u52 janArA rabArIonA ullekho paNa prabandhamAM maLe che. lagnavidhinA beeka ullekho paNa A kAvyamAM maLe che, te uparathI e vakhatanI lagnaprathAno khyAla Ave che. aMtyeSTi vidhionuM nidarzana paNa 'kAnhaDade prabandha'mAM sacavAyuM che. e yuganuM jamaNa paNa kautuka upajAve tevuM che. kAnhaDadenA bhojananuM varNana karatAM kavie e samayanAM miSTAno ane anya vAnIo gaNAvI che : seva saMhAlI lADU galyA, AchA mAMDA pApaDa talyA, khAje khaDaka sAlaNe vaDI, kUrakapUra talI pApaDI. paMcadhAra lApasI kaMsAra, dhAna rasoI bhAva aDhAra. ati UjalAM DhapAlAM dahI, bhuMjAI e rAula lahI. pAna kapUra dIi thaiAta, coA sura tura colIi hAtha.' (4:50, 51, 52) musalamAna lazkare pakaDelAM bAnonAM AkraMda nimitte kavie e yuganI

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prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 273 pApapuNyanI mAnyatAonuM vigate nirupaNa karyuM che. bAna pakaDAyelA loko AkraMda kare che ke ame koI pUrvajanme AvAM pApa karyAM haze tethI turkonA hAthamAM AvI paDyA chIe' : kUDI sAkhi kai amhe dIdhI, kai caDAvyAM Ala; kai jaNaNI ucharaMgi ramaMtAM thAnavichohyAM bAla. gAI taNAM kai gocara kheDyAM, kai lopyA AghATa; kai amhe jai jaMgala mudha lIdhAM, kai kihAM pADI vATa. kai amhe kulaAcAra lopIu, kaI saMbheDA lAyA. kai paranArIgamana AcAryAM, kIdhAM pAtika paMca, khAdhAM dhAna ulavai baIsI, chorU kIdhAM vaMca. bharyAM sarova2 pAli UsAsI, pIpali dIdhA ghAuM, deva taNA prAsAda paDAvyA, kai hira lAu pAu. lAkha lUNa tila vuharyAM vIyA, kanyAvikraya kIdhA; soma sUra kai rAhu gilaMtai mahAdAna ko lIdhAM. kai vizvAsaghAta amheM kIdhA, kai avaguNIyAM pAtra; kai dhana prANi piyArAM DUMTI pAmara poSyAM gAtra. kai amhe svAmidroha AcarIyA, kIdhAM AsavapAna, kai amhe brahma ghAta ko kIdhA, kai pADyA baMdhAna. turaka taNaI baMdhAnaI paDIyAM, kahau amhe kehaI pApi.?"(1:160-170) A ja rIte padmanAbhe prathama khaMDanA aMtabhAgamAM savistara puNyaprazaMsA karI che. emAM puNyavaMta jana kevI rIte Arogya, aizvarya, sukhasamuddhi, uttama svajano, rAjamAna, bhogavilAsa i. pAme che enuM varNana karyuM che. Ama A prabandhanA paTamAM kavie te samayanI sAmAjika paristhiti ane rIta-rivAjonuM bhAtIgaLa citra khUba kauzalathI vaNI lIdhuM che. bhASAdRSTie mahattva 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha'nuM bhASASTie paNa asAdhAraNa mahattva che. vi.saM.1300 thI 1500 sudhIno prAcIna gujarAtIno UgamakALa vaTAvIne madhyakAlIna gujarAtI bhASA

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274 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa- 1 potAnAM sarva viziSTa lakSaNo khilavatI, balavatI, cAru bAlyAvasthA vaTAvIne, kizorIrUpane choDI dIdhuM che evI anupama rUpavatI mugdhA samI sohe che. upasaMhAra : madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanuM A asAdhAraNa pANIdAra ratna madhyakAlIna sAhityabhaMDAranuM mahAmUluM dhana che. pAMcaso varSe enI dIpti evI ja jhaLahaLatI rahI che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa jema rAjamukuTamAM jaDelAM ke devamUrtie paridhAna karelAM ratno samaya jatAM vizeSa ne vizeSa bahumUlya bane, tema A prabaMdharatnanuM mUlya sudIrgha kAlAvadhimAM emAM aMtargata bhASA-itihAsa-sAmAjika jIvana ItyAdinI adhyayana-sAmagrInI virala samRddhine kAraNe niratizaya vadhyuM che. saMdarbhanoMdha : 1. majamudAra, maMjulAla raNachoDalAla, gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo' (padya-vibhAga). prathama AvRtti, 1954), pR. 82. 2. majamudAra, ma. 2, e ja, pR. 83. 3. aMbadevasUri racita, samarIranuM (pravIra gurnara vyi saMgraha aMtargata pR. 27 -38); saMpAdita, cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI dalAla; gAyakavADa orienTala sIrIjha, naM. 13, 1920. 4. majamudAra, ma. 2, e ja, pR. 95. 5. dhruva. ke. ha. saMpAdita, paMdarama zatanAM prAcIna purnara zrAvya (gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI, 1927), pR. 96-144. 6. zAha, dhIrajalAla dhanajIbhAI saMpAdita, vimalapravanya prathama AvRtti, 1965), "adhyayana', pR. 4ra (pAdaTIpa.10). 7. majamudAra, ma. 2, e ja, pR. 89-92; majamudAra me. 2. mAdhavInAmanvatA pravarca gA. o. sIrIjha, 1942. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla ja, amRtakalazakRta mIra pravanya - eka saMkSipta paricaya noMdha', svAdhyAya', pustaka 2, aMka 1; dIpotsavI, 2010. 9. zAha, dhI, dha, vimalapravarce adhyayana', pR. 34 -35 10. vyAsa, kAntilAla baLadevarAma saMpAdita, hRPage #292
prabandha sAhitya ane padmanAbha 275 12. meruttuMgaracita, vicArazreLA, ('jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka', me 1925.) 13. jinaprabhasUriracita vividhatIrtha~ ('siMdhI jaina graMthamAlA', graMthAMka 10, 1924), pR.30. 14. Elliot and Dowson, 'History of India, as told by Its own Historians' Vol. III, (1871) pp. 74, 163; and 'Cambridge History of India,' Volll, 1928, pp.100-101, 114. 15. muddota naiLasI jI rahyAta, bhAga-1 (1926), pR. 158-59 16. derAsarI, DAhyAbhAI pItAMbaradAsa saMpAdita, 'AnhaDare pravanya' (bIjI AvRtti, 1926), purovacana', narasiMharAva diveTiyA, pR. 19-24. 17. Munshi, K.M., 'Gujarat and Its Literature' (1935)-pR.110 18. derAsarI, DA: pI., e ja, 'purovacana', pR. 19

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276 8 phAgusAhitya : jena ane jenetara kAntilAla vyAsa 1. gu-svarUpano udgama samasta sAhityano Ugama jIvanamAMthI che - mAnavajIvana, enA AnaMdaullAsa, AkAMkSA abhilASAo, enI AzAnirAzAo e sAhityanuM prabhavasthAna che. keTalIka vAra mAnavajIvananA A vividha bhAvo prathama lokasAhityamAM jhilAya che, ane pachI e lokasAhityanuM svarUpa kalA-saMskAra pAmIne kAlakrame ziSTa sAhityamAM sthAna prApta kare che. prAcIna gujarAtI phAgusvarUpa enuM udAharaNa che. eno uddagama pracalita lokanRtyagItanA svarUpamAMthI thayo che. saMskRtaprAkRtathI mAMDIne apabhraMzanA samaya sudhInA prAcIna sAhityamAM 'phAgu' svarUpanI racanAo kyAMye maLatI nathI. vastutaH to phagga' (phAgu) zabda dezya mULano che, ane prAcIna gujarAtanA samayathI ja e pracalita thayo che; enI pUrve e maLato nathI. saMskRta kozomAM nirdezAyelo ! (vasaMtotsava) zabda prAcIna kozomAM maLato nathI; e kevaLa dezya | zabdanuM ja saMskRta rUpAntara che. prAcIna gujarAtamAM vasanta avataratAM vasantanAM lokagIto gAvAnI prathAnA aneka ullekho maLe che. e lokagIto strIo ane puruSo dAMDiyArAsa sAthe gAtAM. mAravADamAM hajIye e prathA cAlu che. phAgaNano AraMbha thatAM ja rAjasthAnanA nagaranagaramAM ane gAmagAmamAM cokamAM A lokagItanRtyo ("dhinaDa') hajIye muktapaNe gavAya che. ene lokavANImAM 'phAga' kahevAmAM Ave che. emAM phAgaNa mAsamAM-vasantamAM-strIpuruSono vihAra varNavelo hoya che. ghaNIvAra enAM zRMgArapracura varNano bhadrasamAjanI ziSTatAnI maryAdA atikramI jatAM hoya che. lokavANInA A phAgane saMskArIne prAcIna gujarAtI kavioe 'phAgu' kAvyanuM eka viziSTa, manorama sAhityasvarUpa sarajAvyuM. e yugamAM pracalita rAsa, ghaula,

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phAgusAhitya : jaina ane jaineta2 277 vivAhalau, carcarI jevAM kAvyasvarUpomAM phAgunuM svarUpa enA varNa viSayane kAraNe, tema enI suviziSTa, cAru saMghaTanAne kAraNe anerI suMdaratA dhAre che. 2. 'Ugu' kAvyanuM vastu brAhmaNa phAguomAM H vasantavarNana ane zRMgA22sanI niSpatti e phAgu svarUpanuM pradhAna lakSya che. vasantAvatAra samaye vananI unmAdaka zobhA ane emAM viharatAM praNayIjanonI praNayalIlA- prasaMgAnusAra emanA saMbhogazRMgAra ane vipralaMbhazRMgAra sAmAnya rIte eno viSaya rahyo che. jyAM vanazrInI kamanIya zobhA vyApI rahI che evI unmAdinI pazcAdbhUmimAM ti samI ramaNIya ramaNIo ane kAmadevanI kAnti dhAratA kAmI puruSonA vilAsanuM bahudhA phAguo varNana kare che. sarva prAcIna gujarAtI phAguonA ziramora samo ajJAtakartRka 'vasantavilAsa' A prakArano che. koI vAra sAmAnya praNayIjanone sthAne kRSNa-gopIonuM ke kRSNa-rukmiNInuM nAyakanAyikArUpe Alekhana karyuM hoya che. brAhmaNa (jainetara) praNAlikAnA phAguo bahudhA A svarUpanA hoya che. u.ta. 'nArAyaNa-phAgu'mAM kRSNano emanI paTarANIo sAtheno vihAra varNavyo che. to 'hirivalAsaphAgu'mAM kRSNanI gopIo sAthenI dANalIlA ane rAsalIlAnuM varNana che. kRSNanA veNunAde ghelI thayelI, manmathAkula, emanA vinA virahAnale saMtapta thatI, ane hari prApta thatAM pAchI AnaMdivabhora banelI gopAMganAonA aMgalAvaNyanuM, emanI rAsalIlAnuM mano2ma varNana che. sonI rAmanA 'vasaMtavilAsa'mAM kRSNa-rukmiNI nAyaka-nAyikAne sthAne che. proSitabhartRkA rukimaNInuM prathama varNana karI pachI kRSNa sAthe rukmiNInuM madhura milana thatuM darzAvyuM che. kAyastha kezavadAsanA 'vasaMtavilAsa' phAgumAM kRSNa ane gopIonA vilAsanuM varNana che. 1 - jaina phAguomAM : jaina kavioe phAgunA A kAvyasvarUpane eka viziSTa vaLAMka ApIne zRMgAranA vAhanarUpa A kAvyaracanAne tIrthaMkaro, gaNadharo ane sUrIzvaronA vairAgya ane upazamane biradAvavAnuM eka sAdhana banAvyuM. sthUlibhadraviSayaka phAguomAM kozA jevI sAmAnyAnA asAmAnya saundarya ane zRMgAraprasAdhananuM varNana Ave, ke neminAtha-viSayaka phAguomAM vivAhamaMDitA, maMgalabhUSaNA, vavezA, rAjimatInA aparaMpAra sauMdaryanuM varNana karyuM hoya, to guru viSenA phAguomAM sUrIzvaronI vaMdanA karavAne AvatA nArIvRMdanI dehasaMpattinuM varNana karyuM hoya - eTalo ja zRMgAraaMza mAtra 'phAgu' svarUpano avaziSTa rahyo. naranArInI praNayakelIne to emAM koI sthAna rahyuM ja nahIM; tema vasantanI vanazrInuM varNana paNa sadaiva Ave ja evuM paNa na

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278 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa - 1 rahyuM. udAharaNa tarIke sthUlibhadrasAgaramAM varSARtunuM varNana Ave che, tema neminAtha phAgu'mAM zrAvaNa mAsamAM neminAtha vivAha mATe rathe caDyA evo ullekha che. A rIte jaina racanAomAM eka zRMgArapradhAna, madhura, nAjuka kAvyasvarUpane upazama, saMyama ane kaThora tapazcaryAnI kaMthA paherAvavAmAM AvI. "phAgu'-svarUpanI A baMne brAhmaNa ane jaina-praNAlikAo lagabhaga eka sAthe astitvamAM AvI hoya ema lAge che. vikrama saMvatanA caudamA zatakathI cheka sattaramAM zataka sudhImAM aneka phAguracanAo thaI che, jemAM jaina racanAo vizeSa che, jyAre brAhmaNa ke jainetara racanAo gaNIgAMThI ja che. jaina bhaMDAromAM jIvanI mAphaka sAhityakRtionuM jatana thayuM ethI jaina kRtio sacavAI rahI, jyAre madhyayugamAM IslAmanA vAraMvAranA dhasArAonI sAme brAhmaNa ke jainetara sAhitya Takkara jhIlI zakyuM nahi ane emAMnI ghaNI racanAo nAza pAmI. 3. brAhmaNa ke jainetara phAguo Aja sudhImAM prApta thayelI phAgu kRtiomAM brAhmaNa ke jainetara racanAo nIce prANe che : sarva phAguomAM ananya sundaratA dhArato, hajI sudhI ajJAtakartaka rahelo, vasaMtavilAsa' (I.sa.1344; vi.saM. 1400 AsapAsa), "nArAyaNaphAgu (I.sa.1389; vi.saM. 1445 AsapAsa), "harivilAsaphAgu' (vikramanuM 16muM zataka), caturbhujakRta "bhramaragItAphAga' (I.sa. 1520; saM. 1576), ajJAtakavi kRta 'virahadesAurI phAga' (vi.saM.nuM 16muM zataka), sonIrAmano 'vasaMtavilAsa' (vi.saM.nuM 17muM zataka) ane kAyastha kezavadAsanA "kRSNalIlA' kAvyamAM aMtargata 'vasaMtavilAsa' e phAgusvarUpano kAvyakhaMDa, A uparAMta bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe emanA prAcIna phAgu-saMgrahamAM koI ajJAta kaviracita kAmIjanavizrAmataraMgagIta' (vi.saM.nuM 16muM zataka) ane "cupaI phAgu'no (vi.saM.nuM. 16muM zataka) samAveza karyo che. paNa, pragaTa rIte ja emanuM svarUpa phAgunuM nathI, joke emano vaNya viSaya vasantanA varNanano che. ethI emanI ahIM AlocanA karI nathI. praziSTa Adima phanukRti - sarva phAgukAvyomAM adyApi ajJAtakartaka "vasantavilAsanuM mahattva asAdhAraNa che. brAhmaNa phAgukAvyomAM e niHzaMkapaNe sauthI prAcIna racanA che; paNa prAcIna sAhitya ane prAcyavidyAnA dhuraMdhara vidvAnone mate e samasta phAgukAvyomAM sauthI prAcIna racanA che. ene kAraNe enuM bhASAsvarUpa ananya mahattvanuM che; to kAvyatattvamAM kadAca sarva prAcIna gujarAtI racanAomAM e agrasthAne

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phAgusAhitya: jaina ane jainetara 279 Ave. prathama graMthamAM (juo pR. 184-87) A kRtino paricaya ApaNe karI gayA chIe. tema chatAM uttarakAlIna phAgukAvyonI bhUmikA mATe ahIMA kRtino tathA anya phAguno saMkSipta paricaya Apyo che.] ke. ha. dhruvane enI prathama bhALa lAgI hatI. emaNe enuM saMpAdana be vAra - eka vakhata hAjI mahammada smAraka graMthamAM, ane bIjI vakhata "prAcIna gurjara kAvyamAM- karyuM hatuM. enuM mUlyAMkana karatAM teo kahe che : 'vasaMtavilAsa' camaka camaka thatI cAMdaraNInA jevuM kAvya che. kavinI bAnI atyaMta madhura ane bhAvabharI che. ujjavala zabdAlaMkAra ane arthAlaMkAra tenA mAdhuryanuM ane rasanuM poSaNa kare che. zailI saMskArI che. A suMdara kAvyamAM navayauvana strIpuruSa AlaMbana che. temanI sthAyI rati turAjanA udIpanathI bhabhUkI UThe che. phAlgana mAsano vihAra emAM varNavAya che, tethI prAcIna gujarAtImAM e phAgu' e nAme oLakhAya che. vasaMtavilAsano hRdayarAga, enuM mAdhurya, enuM padalAlitya sarva kaMI manohara che. 'vasaMtavilAsamAM kaDIe kaDIe jIvanano ullAsa UbharAI jAya che." 'vasaMtavilAsamAM 84 kaDIo che. eka kheLavALA suMvALA kapaDAM upara 84 takatIomAM pratyekamAM AraMbhe eka gujarAtI duho ApIne te pachI enI sAthe anubaMdhavALo eka saMskRta ke prAkRta zloka utArIne tenI nIce prasaMgane lagatuM prAcIna gujarAtI ke apabhraMza zailInuM citra AlekheluM che. A sundara citroe A kAvyane jagatabharamAM prasiddhi ApI che. kAvyano baMdha aMtaryamakavALA duhAno che. emAM pUrvArdhamAM 13 ane uttarArdhamAM 11 mAtrA Ave che. uttarArdha sAmAnya rIte gAlAnta che. aMtaryAmakane kAraNe kAvyanI zailImAM apUrva mAdhuryanuM siMcana thayuM che. A chaMdobaMdha uttarakAlIna racanAomAM phAgubaMdhane nAme oLakhAyo che. vasantavilAsanI sundaratAnI gaMgotrI chesaMskRta subhASita-sAhitya, jemAMthI kavie bharapUra utArA ApyA che. kavinI potAnI manobhUmikAmAM saMskRta sAhityanA je UMDA saMskAro paDyA che emAMthI A avataraNono udgama che. A subhASitomAMthI keTalAkanA vicArabhAvanuM prAcIna gujarAtI duhAomAM saMpUrNa pratiphalana thayuM che, to keTalAkamAM eno aMzamAtra ja kavie prAcIna gujarAtI kAvyamAM utAryo che. A prakAranuM saMskRta subhASitonuM anubaMdhane 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI eka AgavI lAkSaNika zobhA che. keTakeTalAM saMskRta kAvyonuM kavine parizIlana che! amaruzataka, kapUramaMjari, zAkuntala, kumArasaMbhava, zizupAlavadha, naiSadhIyacarita, ane

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280 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 keTalIye uttarakAlIna kAvyaracanAothI A kavinI smRti maMDita thaI che! jIvananA ullAsa ane vasaMtavilAsanI sAmagrIthI UbharAtA A kAvyanI eka eka paMkti rasaghana ane ghUMTAyelI che. eka eka zloka muktaka jevo svayaMpUrNa che. bahu ja ochI paMktio vaDe kavie eka sthApatyasuMdara nitAntaramaNIya kAvyasRSTi nirmANa karI che. 'vasantavilAsa'nI mohinIthI mugdha banelA aneka uttarakAlIna phAgukavionI racanAomAM "vasaMtavilAsa'nI kamanIya padAvalInA, enI cAru kalpanAsamRddhinA ane manohara alaMkAronA punaH punaH paDaghA saMbhaLAyA kare che emAM kazuM Azcarya nathI. vasantavilAsano pradhAna rasa che zRMgAra. AraMbhamAM vasantanA uddIpaka upaskaranuM varNana karatAM saMbhogazRMgAranuM achaDatuM Alekhana karI pachI kavi virahiNInI manovyathAnuM varNana karatAM vipralaMbhanuM hRdayabhedaka nirUpaNa kare che. kAvyanA aMte viyoginI nArIne priyatamanuM milana thatAM, kAvya pAchuM saMbhogazRMgAranI choLothI chalakAI rahe che. kAvyamAM rasanI niSpattimAM uddIpanavibhAvanA nirUpaNa upara savizeSa bhAra Avyo che. ethI kAvyarasamAM eka viziSTa AsvAdano anubhava thAya che. emAM zRMgAranI madhuratA che, gaurava che, lAlitya che, chatAM 'amaruzataka'nA jevI utkaTa mAdakatA nathI. vasantavarNananI zobhA kavie pradhAnapaNe gAI che e kharuM, paNa emAM kavino uddeza vasantavarNanane rasarAja zRMgAranI pazcAdbhUmi banAvavAno savizeSa che." vasantanI vanazrInuM kavinuM varNana kyAreka vAstavika hoya che : . ... ... ... vasaMti lAu avatAra, ali makaraMdihi muhariyA kuhariyA savi sahakAra. vasaMta taNA guNa gahagahyA mahamahyA savi sahakAra, tribhuvani jayajayakAra pikArava karaI apAra. padaminI parimala bahakaI lahakaI malayasamIra'. kaDI 3-5. to kyAreka e kaviparaMparA anusAranuM hoya che. u. ta. ghUmaI madhupa sakesara kesaramukuli asaMkha, cAlataI ratipati sUraI pUrai subhaTa ki zaMkha. cAMpulA tarUaranI kalI nIkalI sovana vAni, mAramAragaUdIpaka dIpaka kalIya samAna. bAMdhaI kAma ki karakasu tarakasu pADalaphUla, mAMhi racyAM kiri kesara te saranikara amUla." kaDI 29, 31, 32.

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gusAhitya: jaina ane jainetara 281 suMdarIonA aMgasaundaryanuM varNana kavie kevI chaTAthI karyuM che te juo : 'kAna ki jhalakaI vIja nau bIjanau caMda ki bhAli, galla hasaI sakalaMka mayaMkaha biMbu vizAla. maNimaya kuMDalakAni re vAni hasaI harIyAla, paMcamu AIvaI kaMThi re kaMThi mutAhalamAla. vINi bhaNauM ki bhujaMgam jaMgamu madanakumANa, ki ri viSamAyudhi prakaTIya bhRkuTIya dhaNuha samANa. bhamahi ki manamatha dhaNIya guNa hoya varataNuM hAra, bANa ki nayaNa re mohaI sohaI sayala saMsAra.- kaDI 55, 57, 58, 6 1 chellI bAreka kaDIomAM bhramaranI anyokitarUpe kAmI priyatamane nAyikA upAlaMbha Ape che, emAM 'bhAgavata'nA bhramaragItanI preraNA kAraNabhUta hoI zake. A zRMgArI kAvyanA kartA viSe ke. ha. dhruve e brAhmaNa hovAnI saMbhAvanA karI che e sarvathA satya che. teo mAne che ke vasantavilAsa'mAM kaDIephaDIe je jIvanano ullAsa UbharAI jAya che te uparathI aTakaLa thAya che ke eno kavi saMsArathI kaMTALelo virAgI nahIM, paNa vizvanA vaibhavamAM paripUrNa rasa lenAro rAgI puruSa haze... samagra kAvyamAM koI paNa sthaLe jaina dharmano suvAsa pharato jovAmAM Avato nathI, tethI e jainetara eTale vaidika kavi hoya. nArAyaNa phAgu'- 'vasaMtavilAsa' pachI lagabhaga ardha zatake "nArAyaNa phAgunI racanA thaI che. enA kartA viSe kazI zraddheya mAhitI upalabdha thatI nathI. ka.mA. munazIe enA kavinuM nAma natarSi hovAnI saMbhAvanA rajU karI hatI, paNa e zabda tyAM kavinA abhidhAnano sUcaka nathI. anya vidvAnoe kIrtimarune eno kavi jaNAvyo che, e paNa kevaLa tarka ja che. "nArAyaNa phAgunI 6 7 kaDI che, jemAMnI chellI traNa saMskRta zlokarUpa che. vasanta vilAsa' mAtra dUhA'nA phAgubaMdhamAM racAyo che, tyAre 'nArAyaNa phAgu'mAM e uparAMta "rAsau', 'AMdola', ane "advaiu', e mAtrA baMdho Ave che. prAraMbha duhA'thI thAya che, te pachI "advaiu "rAsaka athavA barAsau' ane "AMdola' yojAyo che, jemAM vaccevacce phAgubaMdha gUMthAyo che. uttarakAlIna aneka jaina ane jainetara phAguonI mAphaka A "nArAyaNa phAgu' upara paNa 'vasaMtavilAsano puSkaLa prabhAva paDyo che. u. ta. "nArAyaNa phAgunI

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282 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 nIcenI paMktio 'pahilauM paNamisuM sarasati, sarasa ti kavitavilAsa. 1 malayAnila mahi vAyau, Ayau kAmagidAha. 17 paMthiya-jaNa-maNa kaMpae, caMpae aMga anaMga, virahiNI hii hita dhrUjae, kUjae muja piya aMga. 18 kaNaya2 kalI ati vAMkuDI, AMkuDI mayaNacI jANi.' 20 e 'vasantavilArsa'nI nIcenI paMktio sAthe utkaTa sAmya dhAre che : *pahilauM sarasati aricakSu cisa vasaMtavilAsu. 1 padimanI piramala bakaMI lahakaiM malayasamI2, mayaNu jihAM paripaMthIya paMthIya dhArdhe adhIra. 5 vidhura viyoginI dhrUjaU kUjai mayaNikazora. 26 kesUya kalI ati vAMkuDI AMkaDI mayaNacI jANi. 34 kAvyamAM prathama soraTha ane dvArakAnuM varNana karIne pachI kRSNano emanI sahasra paTarANIo sAtheno vanavihAra varNavyo che. vanazrInuM varNana, ane strIonA zRMgAranuM nirUpaNa kavie kauzalathI karyuM che : disiddhisi phUli vaNarAi, jAi baula sugaMdhi, saukhya-parAyaNa rAyaNa, rAyaNa-phUlabhara baMdhi, 19 sohai li sahakAra, koili karai TahakAra, paMcama rAgU e, jaNa suhabhAgU e. 21 sohai siri siritAla, caMpika caMpaka mAla, nava nava ketakIe, mayaNaha ketu ki e? 22 caMdana naMdana gaMdha, bhogiya bhogi saMbaMdha, 10 alikula raNajhaNad e, kAmI kuNakuNai e. 10 24 kAvyanA uttarArdhamAM kRSNe gopIo sAthe rAsalIlA khelI enuM varNana che : nAcai gopiya vRMda, vAi madhura mRdaMga,

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phAgusAhitya : jaina ane jaineta2 283 moDai aMga suraMga : sAraMgadhara vAina maTira e. 42 : gAi abhinava phAga, sAcavaU zrI-rAga; nava gati thUMkaI pAgaH sAraMgadhara vAi na maTira e. 43 tArA mAMhi jima caMda, gopiya-mAMhi mukuMda; paNamai suranara IMda, sAraMgadhara vAi na maTira e.1 48 'hivilAsa phAgu'- 'hiravilAsa phAgu' e 'vasaMtavilAsa' pachI prApta thayelA jainetara phAguomAM virala mahattva dharAve che. eno racanAsamaya nizcitapaNe jaNAyo nathI, paNa enI bhASA, ane saMyojanapraNAlInA anulakSamAM enA saMpAdaka, harivallabha bhAyANI ene vikramanA soLamAM zatakamAM mUke che.12 eno viSaya kRSNanI bALalIlA ane rAsalIlAno che. 'viSNupurANa'nA pAMcamA aMzanA adhyAya 3 thI 16mAMnA prasaMgono AdhAra laIne enI racanA karI che. emAMthI kathayitavyanI puSTi ane anumodana mATe vIseka zloko kAvyamAM udhRta karelA che. A kAvyanI eka ja prati prApta thaI che, jemAM kAvya apUrNa rahyuM che. kAvyamAM prAraMbhanI tevIsa kaDImAM kRSNanI bALalIlAnA prasaMgo- pUtanAvadha, yamalArjunabhaMjana, kezivadha, govardhanadhAraNa, kAliyadamana, i.- ApIne, pachI ATha kaDIomAM (kaDI 24-31) kavie dANalIlAnuM ane e pachInI so kaDIomAM (kaDI 32-132) kRSNanI rAsalIlAnuM varNana karyuM che. e pachI prati khaMDita che - pachIno aMza lupta thayo che. rAsalIlAmAM nIcenAM varNano aMtargata che- zaradavarNana, kRSNarUpavarNana, veNuvAdana, gopI-utkaMThA ane zRMgAravarNana, kRSNanI aMtardhAna lIlA, gopIvirahavarNana (kaDI 60-76), emanuM kRSNa sAthe punarmilana (77-82), vasaMtavarNana (83-89), virahiNI varNana ane bhramarAnyokti (90-100), rAsalIlAvarNana(101111), ane gopIrUpavarNana (112-132). A varNano ja hivilAsa phAgu'nuM uttamAMga che. jainetara phAguomAM kRSNa ane gopIonA vasaMtavilAsa'ne varNavatA adyayAvat be ja phAguo-nArAyaNa phAgu' ane 'hivilAsa phAgu'- prApta thayA che, e dRSTie A phAgunuM ghaNuM mahattva che. viSNupurANanA kathAMza anusAra kRSNanI bALalIlA ane dANalIlAne phAgusvarUpamAM vistArathI nirUpatI racanA tarIke 'hivilAsa phAgu'nuM sthAna ananya che. 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI mAphaka ja 'harivilAsa'mAM saMskRta-bahudhA 'viSNupurANa'mAMthI ane be anya kRtiomAMthI-zloka ApyA che. A saMmatinA zlokonA AyojanamAM

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284 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI asara che emAM zaMkA nathI. 'vasaMtavilAsa'mAM prAcIna gujarAtI ane saMskRta zlokonA bhAva-vicAranuM nirUpaNa samAntara che. jyAre 'hirivalAsa'mAM prAcIna gujarAtI kavitAe paurANika zlokonuM avalaMbana utkaTapaNe grahaNa karyuM che. somasundarasUriSkRta 'raMgasAgaranemiphAga' ane ratnamaMDanagaNikRta 'nArInirAsa phAga'mAM paNa saMmatinA saMskRtanA zloka ApyA che, tyAM paNa 'vasaMtavilAsa'nuM ja spaSTapaNe anukaraNa che. e viSe AgaLa carcA karIzuM. kAvyano chaMda 'phAgu' prakA2no duho che. bhAyANIe enA caraNanI 12-11 mAtrA gaNIne chaMdonuzAsana' jevA prAkRta piMgaLagraMtho anusAra ene 'upadohaka'nuM nAma ApyuM che. 'harivilAsa'nuM kAvyatva UDIne AMkhe vaLage evuM manohara che. kAvyamAM chaMdano mukta pravAha, sahajapaNe anAyAsa sadhAtA yamaka, zrIkRSNanI dANalIlA ane rAsalIlAnAM suMdara, bhAvapUrNa citro, e sarvane kAraNe 'hivilAsa' eka atIva hRdayaMgama kAvya banyuM che. nIcenAM thoDAMka udAharaNothI enI pratIti thaze. kAvyano AraMbha A rIte thAya che : pUjya caMpika bhAratI, AratI karIya kapUra, goviMdanA guNa gAisiuM thAIsiu pAtaka dUra. 1 paNamIya guNa-taNu nAyaka dAyaka zreya anaMta, gAIsiuM cIti ArAhIya rAhIya -rUpaNi-kaMta.'13 have vrakizo2 kRSNanuM varNana juo : 'sajala ki jalahara nIlau pIalu pahiraNa cIra, va2 siri sohai alasIya alasIya vAna zarIra. 34 jhalika marakata kuMDala maMDala ravi-ziza beha,14 cihuM bhuje jhabakiya keura neu2 zrIvatsa jeha.' 35 veNunAda sAMbhaLIne dhasatI gopIonuM kavi varNana kare che : melhIya mANika motIya protIya hAra amUla, cAlIya zrIraMga sAMbharI tAM bharI va2 sira phUla. 43 paratIya kari kasatUrIya pUrIya sIsa kapUra, cAlIya pUchatI mAga re bhAga bhariyAM siMdUri. 44

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phAgu sAhitya : jaina ane jainetara 285 pahirIya raNakatAM nUpura rUpa racI vara aMgi, cAlI jagAvatI kAma re kAMma dharIya zrIraMgi. 46 pahirI amUlika aMzuka kiMzuka-nivA zarIra, cAli gaja-gati lahakati bahikatI agari Ahiri.15 47 gopIonuM rAsalIlAnuM varNana juo : "nizi-bhari nAcaI gopIya lopIya lAjanI rekha, daha disi disavi bhamarIya samarIya mAdhava vekha. 109 nAcaI nita navuM nArIya cArIya zrIraMga-sAthi, rAga vasaMta te Alavi cAlavi vallakI hAthi. 110 mAna dharaI eka tAlIya tAlIya kara-tali nAri, thApiuM jINai drapadi drupadi gAI murAri.1 111 e pachI gopAMganAonA zRMgAranuM varNana karyuM che; emAM pade pade vasaMtavilAsanI kAvyapaMktionA paDaghA saMbhaLAya che. prAsAdika, RjutAbharI, manohAriNI kavitAnuM "harivilAsa' eka uttama udAharaNa che. caturbhujamRta 'bhramaragItAphAga - caturbhujakata "bhramaragItAphAga' I.sa. 1520 (saM.1576) mAM racAyo che. enI puSpikAmAM enuM aparanAma "zrIkRSNagopI virahamalApaka bhramaragItA' ApyuM che, je enA gopIvirahavarNananA viSayane caritArtha kare che. enI 99 kaDIo che. ekAMtare AvatA duhA ane chaMda (-jhUlaNAno uttarArdha, 17 mAtrAno, jene hiMdI piMgaLagraMthomAM "caMdra' chaMdanuM nAma ApyuM che-) vaDe eno padyabaMdha ghaDAyo che. duhAnAM keTalAMka caraNomAM AMtarayamaka sadhAyo che, paNa sarvatra ema thayuM nathI. "zrImad bhAgavatanA dazamaskaMdhamAM AvatA uddhava-saMdezamAM A kAvyanuM mULa che. zrI kRSNa adhUranI sAthe gokuLathI mathurA jAya che te samaye mugdha gopIono aparaMpAra zoka kavie khUba lAgaNIvaza banIne varNavyo che. mathurAmAM kaMsano vadha karyA pachI gopIonA sAntana mATe zrI kRSNa uddhavane gokuLa mokalAve che. tyAre gopIonA manamAM pUrve kRSNa sAthe karelA vihAronAM smaraNo jhabakI rahe che, ane UMDA zokamAM e nimagna bane che. kRSNane e upAlaMbha pAThave che. kavinuM gopIonI virahavedanAnuM varNana sacoTa che, ane enI karuNarasanI niSpatti asAdhAraNa mArmika

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286 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 che. e dRSTie A alpajJAta kavinI kAvyasiddhi avazya analpa che. kAvyano prAraMbha Ama thAya che :17 bhAratI prArathI praNamuMya varNavuM a madanamuri, deva dvArAmatI jai rahiyA, viraha hUMu vrajanAra. 1 gopakanyA karad vAtaDI, rAtaDI kimhaI na vihAI, vAhalu videsi jai rahiu, amhe mehalyAM gokalamAhi.' 2 akrUra kRSNane rathamAM besADIne laI gayA tyAre emane vaLAvIne AvatI gopIonI sthiti AvI hatI : vArlibha vulAvI vaLyAM, galI galI paDai re zarIra, pAchA paga cAli nahIM, vahi valI nayaNe nIra.' 22 mathurAmAM gayelA, aneka rAjakAryamAM vyasta chatAM, kRSNa gopIone bhUlyA nathIH madhupura mAdhava jai rahiyA, udhavasuM kIdhu Aloca, vegi tumhe jAu gokala, gopI karisa zoka.' 34 naMdayazodAnAM uddhavanI pAse kRSNanAM bAlyavayanAM parAkramo varNavatAM nayano AMsuthI chalakAI jAya cheH naMda-yazodA vAta kari, nIranIjharaNI nayaNAM jharai. 41 ketalA kriSNanA guNa saMbhAruM, mokalyA te abhAgya aAduM; rAma ni kriSNanI karatAM vAta, guNa saMbhAratAM thayuM prabhAta.' 45 paNa gopIonA zokabhArane to koI sImA nathI. uddhavane e kRSNanA saMdezA mATe pUche che : mathurAM thikA tamhe AvIyA, lAvIyA kAMI saMdesa? kAM na padhAravA zrIkRSNajI? hati rahiyA sii lavalezi 54 te gAI, gokala, te AhIra, teha ja vRMdAvana, yamanAM tIra, cAMdaraNI rAti naI kahi re bAlI, sarva sUnuM eka kriSNa TAlI.' 59 ane pachI kRSNane 'bhramara-kAvyo'nI paraMparAne anusaratAM upAlaMbhanAM vacano kahevarAve che :

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phagusAhitya jaina ane jainetara 287 'hari havi zuM kari ahIM AvI? nIrasa nAri akhto thaI abhAvI, bhramaranI pari bhalA bhAva joyA, nava rasa nagaranI nAri mohiyA. 57 bharUADI aho bhUra, catura nagaranI nAri, nAtha na jANuM re vasi karI, pariharI giu re murAri. 58 nAthA aneka nArI tasvAri, prANajIvana tuM eka ahAri.. govALo uddhavane kRSNanI vividha bALalIlAnAM sthaLo batAve che. uddhave hari pAse jaIne A sarva samAcAra-saMketa jaNAvyA. pachI kRSNa gopIone kurukSetramAM maLyA ane tyAM emanA mananI AzAone pUrI karI evA maMgala samApanathI kAvya pUrNa thAya che. 'viraha desAurI phAgu' - ajJAtakavikRta viraha desAurI phAgu' paNa eka virala jainetara phAguracanA che. eno samaya vi. saM. no soLamo saiko lAge che. jaina vidvAna saMzodhaka mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAIe karelI koI prAcIna hastapratanI nakala uparathI bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe emanA prAcIna phAgu-saMgrahamAM anupUrtimAM A phAgu prasiddha karyo che. enI racanA pATaNamAM thayelI che, paNa enA kartAno nAmollekha kRtimAM kyAMye maLato nathI. 'vasantavilAsanI mAphaka A phAgumAM pahelAM vipralaMbha zRMgAranuM nirUpaNa karyuM che, ane pachI kAvyanA uttarArdhamAM proSitabhartRkA nAyikAnuM dezAvarathI pAchA pharelA pati sAthe milana thatAM saMbhogazRMgAranuM nirUpaNa Ave che. kAvyanA nAyaka-nAyikA laukika strIpuruSa che, paNa kyAreka kavinA mananI pazcAdabhUmimAM rahelA saMskArone kAraNe kRSNagopIno ullekha jhabakI jAya che. kAvyanI zarUAtamAM eka azuddhaprAya saMskRta zloka Ave che, ane pachI lagabhaga chevaTe eka azlIla zloka Apyo che. vacce vacce akSarameLa vatto yojyAM che, jenI padyaracanA zithila che. nIce uddadhRta karelI thoDIka kaDIo A racanAnA balAbalano khyAla Apaze : 'ahe mAsa vasaMta rulIAmaNauM, kAminInuM mana jANi, pUri haraSa dhari rahInaI bAlApaNa rasa mANi. 10 koili karaI TahUkaDA, baIThaDI AMbalA DAli, phAguNi ghari prIya melTae, yauvana pahilaI agAli. 11

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288 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ma lavi koili joili tAharI, tAharI na rASi na dASi tama harI, adhara laI nakha daI mananI ralI, diva kihAM virahyAM miliu valI. 12 isaI samaI prIya Avisi, haiyaDalaI jayajayakAra, gorIya vacana sAMbhalI karI, kAminI karazuM zRMgAra. 41 agara kapUrihi araciuM racivuM deha zarIra, karIyali kaMkaNa khalakaiM, jhalakaI pAI maMjIra, 44 caMdani bharIya kacolIya muMkIya seja vicchAhi, isaI prIya AvI3, hIDalaI hUala ucchAha' 49 koI koI paMktiomAM vasaMtavilAsano spaSTa paDagho saMbhaLAya che. sonIrAma racita 'vasaMtavilAsa'- sonI rAmanA 'vasaMtavilAsanI prati A lekhakane pUnAnI bhAMDArakara InsTiTyuTanA hastapratasaMgrahamAMthI maLI hatI. ajJAtakartaka praziSTa vasaMtavilAsa'nI aMgrejI AvRttimAM pariziSTa rUpe e yathAvat chApI che. 18 e vikrama saMvatanA sattaramA zatakanI racanA jaNAya che. eno padyabaMdha "phAgu' kAvyomAM sAmAnya evo duhAno, mukhyatve, ane kavacitu, kAvyamAM AMtare AvatA 17 mAtrAnA jhUlaNAnA uttarArdhanA DhALano, banelo che. enuM vastu A pramANe che : prathama, AdimAM saMskRta zlokamAM ane pachI madhyakAlIna gujarAtImAM gaNapatinuM stavana karyuM che, ane e pachI kAzamIramukhamaMDanI, pustakapANi, brahmasutA sarasvatI pAse vinamrabhAve A kAvyaracanAmAM potAne sahAyatA karavAne kavi vinaMti kare che. e pachI kathAprasaMga zarU thAya che. vasaMtaprAraMbhe pravAse jatA patine A RtumAM paradeza na javAne nAyikA pAye lAgIne vinaMtI kare che : pAe ho lAguM vAlhA tAharaI iNi riti melve ma jAI.6 paNa nAyaka ene tarachoDIne cAlyo jatAM e dharaNIe DhaLe che. pachI vasaMtaRtu jAme che - AMbA mhoryA che, badhI vanarAI jhorI che, pATala, jAI, caMpaka, pArijAtaka khIlyAM che, sarvatra maghamaghATa thaI rahyo che, bhramaro guMjArava kare che. vasantanA vAyuo vAya che tema tema madananI vedanA nAyikAne pIDI rahe che. AMbalaDA sahu morIyA maurI huM vanarAI, vanasapati vana lahalI mahamahI pADala jAI;

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phAgusAhitya: jaina ane jainetara 289 caMpalA cihuM disi phulIyA sadala sarUpa sUgaMdha, pArajAtika parimala karaI velasarI mucakuMda. 12 vanasapati jovana caDI vani vani vani mahakAra, bhamaralA guMjArava karaI kesUyaDe kuca nAri. 14 ethI bhAnabhUlelI trasta nAyikA bhramara sAthe patine saMdezo mokalavAnI ceSTA kare che : bhamaralA jAuM balihAraI kaMta hovaI jiNa desi. eka saMdezo re huM kahuM tuM mArA prIyanaI kahesi; hema gamIyo mAM ekalI to viNi muraSa kaMta, nathIya SamAtuM re prIyaDalA valiya viseSe vasaMta." 16 deve ene paMkhiNI sarajI hota to to e priyatama pAse UDIne jAta : daIva na sIrajI re paMkhaDI uDI uDI milatIre jAMti, vIsarIyA navi visare re vasiyA manamAMhi; citta rAkhe mana navi rahaI roI roI seja bharAhi. 22 pativihoNI ekalavAI nArInuM hRdayadrAvaka varNana karyuM che. emAM ghaNI vAra premAnaMda Adi madhyayugIna mahAkavionA vicArabhAvanI pUrvacchAyA najare paDe cheH vegi re vIThalA karijo sAra nara vinA nArI sUno saMsAra. 17 caMdalA viNa kiso caMdraNo motI viNa kisa ja hAra, nagara kiso viNa nAyikA prIu viNa sejazRMgAra. haMsalaDA viNa sara kisau kauila viNa kizu ja vana, vAlaMbha viNa kisI goThaDI jANajyo jaga trajIvana." 20 pUrvArdhamAM laukika nAyikArUpe jenuM Alekhana karyuM hatuM tene kAvyanA uttarArdhamAM rukimaNI rUpe kavie prakaTa karI che, je kRSNamilananI adhIratAthI rAha joI rahI che. joSIne e priyaAgamananI avadhi pUche che; joSI satvare priyaAgamananI AzA Ape che. emAM ene eka pachI eka zubha zukana thAya che, eTale e soLe zaNagAra sajIne priyaAgamanane satkAravA tatpara thaI beThI che : 'saja karI siNagAra sahelI vATa jovaI prIyanAM vahelI, navaNa kuMja kAjala sArI saSIe Aja milasya morArI. 41

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20 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 sarva siNigAra mAM pahirIA caMdana caracyau maI aMgi pahiraNa lAla paTolaDI UDhaNi dakSiNa cIri. kaMTha nigodara kaMThalI ravi tapaI rADiyAda, bhAva karaI bhalA sejaDI nacAvaI aMSaDIyAI. 44 haraSadanI haraSI mRganayaNI adhirabaMdha jasI bhoyaMga veNI, caMdalAsuM, muSa haMsagapaNI sIhabAlI jisI laMka jhINI.... 45 ema karatAM priyatama AvI rahyA. nAyikAe ene aMganI taLAI upara uranA ozike sthApyA, ane velI jema vRkSane vIMTAya tema e priyane kaMThe vaLagI rahI bAha Usei re apaNI vAlaMbhanaI suSa deI, aMgatalAI pAtharI sAtharo kuMbha bhareha. hAra taNI pari hIDalaI prIyaDalA kaMTha rahesi, ramaNa maNa sAta mAtau lau rItaDI raMga karesi. 48 haraSa aMga mujha aMgi aMgi caMdana vIMTIyo jANe bhUyaMga, kRSNa tarUara ama vela vAdhI vIThalA vilaMbatAM janamakoDi sAMghI' 49 mAdhave rukimaNInA manoratha pUryA ema sahu naranArInI manaHkAmanAo phaLo evA AzIrvacana sAthe kAvyanuM samApana thAya che. kezavadAsakRta vasaMtavilAsa'- atyAra sudhImAM maLelA jainetara phAgukAvyomAM chello noMdhapAtra phAgu e kAyastha kavi kezavadAsano 'vasaMtavilAsa che.19 eno racanAkALa I.sa. 1536 (saM.1592) saMbhave che. bhAgavatanA dazamaskaMdha uparathI racelA. kRSNalIlA' kAvyanA 15mA sargamAM prAraMbhe 'vasaMtavilAsa' nAmano A phAgusvarUpano kAvyakhaMDa kavie Apyo che. emAM prAraMbhe AvatuM maMgaLAcaraNa ane aMtamAM AvatI phalazruti e eka svataMtra racanA che ema sUcave che. emAM badhA maLIne chavvIsa duhA che, jemAMthI ghaNAmAM aMtaryamaka sAdhavAmAM Avyo che. gopAMganAo kRSNa sAthe vasaMta khele che enuM suMdara varNana kavie karyuM che: lIdhAM kanaka-kacoalAM, gholyAM caMdana sAra; mRgamada suMdara kesara, chAMTe eka udAraH UDe lAla gulAba valI, mAMho mAMha vasaMta; eNipari chakkama cholyuzuM. rolya kare bahu saMta.

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phAgusAhitya: jaina ane jainetara 291 hari pAkhalya savi kAminI, yAminI gaI be vAma: jima cAMduNI mAMhe nizAkara, te pari dIse svAmyaH golaNI yauvana madamAtI, gAtI guNa gopAla; veNanatAne zrIraMga nAce, rAce deva dayAla." kRSNa aMtardhAna thatAM gopIo mUchavaza thAya che; paNa rAtrie gopIo kRSNane pAme che, ane emanI sAthe vasaMtanA vilAsa pele che : "te nArI puNyavaMtI re, satI ziromaNI jANya; rAte raMgazuM kAmI re, pANI sAraMga-pANya. Aja umApati tUThA re, tUThA amIye meha, Aja kalpataruara ama taNe, AMgaNe Ugiyo jeha. nizi vazi kIdho nArIe, murAri suMdara zyAma; eNi pari kSagaNa khelI re, pUrI haiyAnI hAma." bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe soLamA saikAnA ajJAta jainetara kavionI be traNa racanAo emanA prAcIna phAgu-saMgrahamAM saMgRhIta karI che. emAM kAmIjana-vizrAma taraMgagItamAM enuM zIrSaka sUcave che te pramANe phAgu karatAM gItanAM ja tattvo pradhAna che, ane "cupaI phAgu'mAM vasaMtazrInuM ane vasaMtamAM thatI krIDAonuM varNana che e kharuM, paNa emAM phAgu kAvyano ghATa nathI ane chelle bAramAsI'nA kAvyasvarUpamAM enI pariNati che. A baMne kAvyomAM varNanasamRddhi suMdara hovA chatAM emanAmAM phAgu'nuM viziSTa svarUpa chatuM thatuM nathI, mATe ahIM enI AlocanA karI nathI. anya betraNa khaMDita racanAomAM kAvyatva bahu ja sAmAnya prakAranuM hovAthI emanI carcA paNa ahIM prastuta gaNI nathI. 4. jaina phAguo ApaNe AgaLa carcA karI te pramANe jaina kavioe paNa phAgusvarUpa pracurapaNe kheDaDyuM che, paNa emAM emaNe svarUpagata pheraphAro prakAmapaNe karyA che. zRMgAraikalakSI A mulAyama kAvyasvarUpane emaNe vairAgya ane upazamanA nirUpaNa mATe upayogamAM lIdhuM. ethI vasantavarNana ke nArIsaundaryanuM varNana apradhAna, kavacit kevaLa achaDatuM ja rahyuM, ane koI tIrthakara ke sUrIzvaranI tapazcaryAnuM kAmavijayanuM nirUpaNa e ja enuM pradhAna lakSya banyuM. Ama sAMpradAyika tattva praviSTa thatAM jaina phAguomAM A

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292 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 svarUpanI sahaja sundaratAmAM, enA aMtargata kalAtattvamAM keTalIka UNapa rahI gaI emAM zaMkA nathI. A apUrNatA hetupura:sara, kAvyane viziSTa vaLAMka ApavAne, ene upadezAtmaka banAvavAne kAraNe pravezI hatI; kavinI kavitvazaktinI adhUpane kAraNe e nIpajI nahotI. atyAra sudhImAM upalabdha thayelA parimita saMkhyAnA brAhmaNa ke jainetara phAguonI sarakhAmaNImAM prakAzamAM AvelA jaina phAguonI saMkhyA ghaNI che. jinapadmasUrino 'sirithUlibhad phAgu' I.sa. 1334 (vi.saM. 1390), maladhArI rAjezakharasUrino 'neminAtha phAgu' I. 1349 (saM. 1405), halarAjano thUlibhadda phAgu' I.1353 (saM.1409), ajJAta kavino jaMbUsvAmI phAgu' I. 1374 (saM.1430), merunaMdanano jirAulA pArzvanAtha phAga' I. 1376 (saM.1432), samudhararacita 'zrI neminAtha phAgu' Azare I.sa.1394 (saM.1450), yazekharasUrino 'neminAthaphAga' Azare I. 1404 (saM.1460), mANikayasundarasUrino nemIzvaracarita phAgabaMdha' I. 1422 (saM.1478), somasuMdarasUrino 'sthUlibhadra phAgu' I.1425 (saM.1481) ane temano neminAtha navarasa phAga' (raMgasAgara nemiphAga) (vi. saM.15mA zatakano uttarArdha), devaratnasUriziSyano devaratnasUri phAga' I. 1443 (saM. 1499), ajJAta kavikRta puruSottama pAMca pAMDava phAga' (vi.saM. 15 mo saiko), ajJAta kavino bharatezvara cakravartI phAga' (vi. saM. 15muM zataka), ajJAtakartRka 'kIrtiratnasUri phAga'vi. saM. 15muM zataka), dhanadevagaNino 'suraMgAbhidhAna nemi phAgu' I. 1446 (saM. 1502), 'sumatisuMdarasUri phAgu' (2sasAgara kSaga) Azare I.1469 (saM. 1525), vinayaphUlAgaNinI prerita 'hemaratnasUriguru #gu' Azare I. 1469 (saM. 1525) ATalA to kevaLa paMdaramA saikAnA gALAmAM racAyelA phAguo che.20 A ja rIte soLamA saikAmAM ratnamaMDanagaNikRta 'nArInirAsa phAga' (vi.saM.16mA zatakano pUrvArdha), ane sattaramA saikAmAM jayavaMtasUrikRta sthUlibhadra-kozA premavilAsa phAga' I.sa.1558 (saM.1614) AsapAsa, mAladevakRta 'sthUlibhadra phAga' (vi.saM.17mAM zatakano pUrvArdha), ane sudIrdha kathAkAvya ke caritrakAvya rUpanA vAcaka kanakasomakRta 'maMgalakalaza phAga' I. 1593 (saM. 1649) ane kalyANakRta vAsupUjya manorama phAga', I. 1640 (saM. 1696) IM. aneka phAguo racAyA che. emAMthI gaNatara phAgu prasiddha thayA che. emAMthI thoDAka mahattvanA phAgunI ahIM AlocanAM karIe. A phAguomAMthI keTalAka phAguo tIrthaMkaro viSe racAyA che, jemAM

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phAgusAhitya : jaina ane jaineta2 293 neminAthaviSayaka phAguonI saMkhyA ghaNI che; thoDAka prAcIna AcAryo ane kevalajJAnIo viSe che; keTalAka tIrthasthAnonA mahimAnA, tyAMnAM maMdironI pratiSThAprasaMganI prazastirUpanA, emAM sthApita devanI stutinA che; to thoDAka vividha gacchonA nAmAMkita AcAryo-sUrIzvaronI tapazcaryA ane kAmavijayane varNavatA che. A phAguomAM dIkSA dhAraNa karyA pachI potAnI pUrvAzramanI preyasI kozAne tyAM gurunA AdezathI cAturmAsa gALavAne AvelA sAdhuvarya sthUlibhadra viSenA ThIka ThIka phAguo che, ane vivAha mATe jaI rahelA neminAthe potAnA vivAhotsavamAM upasthita sAjanane tRpta karavAne vadheravAmAM AvanA2, vADAmAM purAyelAM vadhya prANIonuM AkraMda sAMbhaLIne tyAMthI ja pAchA vaLIne UrjayaMtiigara u52 jaIne sAMvatsarika dAna ApIne dIkSA lIdhAnA prasaMganA aneka phAguo che. tIrthasthaLomAM sthApanA karelA devanI prazastinA thoDAka phAguo che (u. ta. merunaMdanakRta 'jIrApallI pArzvanAtha phAgu' I. 1376 (saM. 1432); prasannacandrasUrikRta rAvaNi pArzvanAtha phAgu' I. 1366 (saM. 1422) AsapAsa; ajJAtakavikRta 'rANapuramaMDana cartumukha AdinAtha phAga' I.1501 (saM.1557) pahelAM, i.; tema sUrIzvara-guruonI tapazvaryA biradAvatA thoDAka phAguo che. [u.ta. AgamamANikyakRta 'jinahaMsaguru navaraMga phAga', vi.saM. 16muM zataka; 'hemaratnasUriphAgu', vi.saM. 16muM zataka; 'sumatisuMdarasUri phAgu', I. 1464 (saM.1520) AsapAsa; 'amararatnasUrikSagu' I. 1469 (saM. 1525) AsapAsa; i. ]. kvacit bhartRharinA vairAgyazataka'nI mAphaka nArIsaundaryanuM varNana karI enI asAratA darzAvI avahelanA karatA ratnamaMDanagaNikRta nArInivAsa laga' jevA phAguo paNa maLe che. kevaLa sAMsArika viSayanuM nirUpaNa karatA jaina phAguo virala che. ahIM kramazaH, pratyeka prakAranA phAguo sAthe laIne emanI AlocanA karIe. sthUlibhadraviSayaka phAguo prathama sthUlibhadraviSayaka phAguo laIe. sthUlibhadra jaina dharmanA itihAsamAM eka prasiddha AcArya thaI gayA. pUrvAzramamAM e pATaliputranA naMdarAjAnA maMtrI zakaTAlanA putra hatA. emanI asAdhAraNa, kAmadeva jevI suMdara kAnti hatI. pATaliputranI prasiddha vArAMganA kozAnA premamAM paDIne satata bAra varSa sudhI enA AvAsamAM rahyA hatA. zakaTAlanA maraNa pachI emane pradhAnapada ApavAne rAjA tatpara thayo; paNa emane have saMsAranA raMgarAga u52 tiraskAra Avyo hato ane mana vairAgyanA raMge pUrNapaNe raMgAyuM hatuM. emaNe saMbhUtivijaya guru pAse jaIne dIkSA lIdhI. gurunA Adeze teo

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294 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 kozAnA ja AvAsamAM cAturmAsa gALavAne AvyA. kozA prathama to sthUlibhadranA Agamane harSonmatta banI gaI. paNa have praNayarAgI yUlibhadrane sthAne daDha manobaLavALA tyAgI, virakta sAdhu sthUlibhadra enI samakSa hatA. enI sarva ceSTAo A kAmavijayI sAdhu pAse vila banI; UlaTuM, emaNe ene ja pratibodha pamADI. potAno abhigraha pUrNa karIne sAdhu sthUlibhadra gurU pAse AvyA tyAre gurUe emane duSkaraduSkarakAraka' kahIne biradAvyA. A zRMgAra, vipralaMbha ane prazamamAM racAyelI kathAe kavijanamanane khUba AkarSe che ane ene kendrasthAne rAkhIne aneka racanAo thaI che. jinapadmasUriracita "sthUlibhadra phAgu' - A kathA-viSayaka prAcIna gujarAtI phaguomAM jinapaddha sUrino sthUlibhadra phAgu' sauthI jUnI kRti che. I. 1334 (vi.saM. 1390) AsapAsamAM enI racanA thaI che. eka duho ane eka ke vadhAre roLA Ave evI bhAsa' (saM. bhASA) ke padyakhaMDamAM e racAI che. kAvyamAM kula sAta bhAsa che. kavinA varNanomAM asAdhAraNa ravamAdhurya ane citrAtmakatA che. enuM varSonuM varNana juo 21 'jhirimiri jhirimiri jhirimiri e mahA varisaMti, khalahala khalahala khalahala e vAhalA vahati, jhabajhaba jhabajhaba jhabajhaba e vIjuliya jhabakaI, tharahara tharahara tharahara e virahiNimaNu kaMpaI. 6 kozAnA saundaryanuM varNana kevuM alaMkAramaMDita che te juo : 2 lahalaha lahalaha lahalaha e uri motiya hAro, raNaraNa raNaraNa raNaraNa e pagi neurasAro. jhagamaga jhagamaga jhagamaga e kanihi varakuMDala, jhalahala jhalahala jhalahala e AbharaNaha maMDala. 11 mayaNakhagra jima lahalahaMta jasu veNIdaMDo, saralau taralau sAmalau romAvalidaMDo, tuMga payohara ullAsaI siMgArathavakkA, kusumabANi niya amitakuMbha kira thApaNi mukkA. 12

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phAgusAhitya H jaina ane jaineta2 295 laviNamarasabharaviDaya jasu nAhi ya rehai, mayaNarAya karI vijayakhaMbha jasu UrU sohai. 15 ahabiMba paravAlakhaMDa vacaMpAvatnI, nayaNasalUNIya hAvabhAvabahuguNasaMpunnI.' 16 chellI kaDImAM A phAgu rAsa ke garabAnI mAphaka nRtyagItarUpe vasaMtamAM gavAto evo ullekha che:23 kharataragacchi jiNapadamasUrikiya phAgu ramevau, khelA nAcaiM caitramAsi raMgihi gAvevau' 27 yavaMtasUriSkRta 'sthUlibhadra-kozA premavilAsa phAga'- adyayAvat upalabdha phAguomAM A pachInI bIjI racanA te zrI jyavaMtasUriSkRta 'sthUlibhadra-kozA premavilAsa phAga' che. e prAcIna jaina gujarAtI sAhityanA suprasiddha kavi jayavaMtasUrie I.1558 (saM.1614)nI AsapAsa racyo che. kula 45 kaDInI A racanA cheka 41mI kaDI sudhI to koI virahiNInA vipralaMbhazRMgAranuM ja kAvya banI rahe che; chellI cAra kaDIomAM ja kozA -sphUlibhadrano achaDato ullekha Ave che. kAvyano padyabaMdha 'phAganI DhAla'(phAganI cAla) ane kAvya' ke chaMda' mAM baMdhAyelo che. virahiNInuM varNana prAsAdika paNa bahudhA praNAlikAgata che, paraMtu keTalIka vAra kavinuM Alekhana atyaMta bhAvArdra banyuM che. 24 u. ta. huM sirTI na sarajI paMSiNi, jima bhamatI prIu pAsi, huM siU na sarajI caMdana, karatI priyAtanu vAsa. 31 huM sid na sarajI phUlaDAM, letI AliMgana jANa, muhi suraMga ja zobhatAM, huM siU na sarajI pAna.' 32 koI vAra samadhvanivALA vibhinnArtha zabdono aMtya prAsa meLavIne kavie kAvyacamatkRti sAdhavAno prayatna karyo che: 25 "SiNi aMgaNi SiNi UbhI oraDaI, prauDA vinA gorI o Dai, jhUratAM jAi dina rAtaDI, AMSi hUi UjAgarai rAtaDI.' 9 mAladevano 'sthUlibhadrAga'- e sattaramA zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM racAyelI kRti che. enA raciyatA mAladeva munino nivAsa mukhyatve mAravADanA bikAnera naga2mAM hato.

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296 - gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ethI emanI kRtiomAM mAravADI bhASAnI puSkaLa asara varatAya che. sthUlibhadraphAga' eka ja dezImAM saLaMga racAyo che, je anya phAguonI dezIo karatAM vilakSaNa che. emAM sthUlibhadranA pUrvajIvananI kathA kavie pramANamAM vistArathI ApI che. jinapadmasUrinA jevuM kavitva A kRtimAM najare paDatuM nathI. neminAthaviSayaka phAgukAvyo neminAthaviSayaka phAgukAvyo saMkhyAbaMdha che. neminAthanA ciratre aneka kavione AkarSyA che. zRMgAranuM zAntarasamAM paryavasAna kavione kAvyaracanA mATe AkarSaka sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. neminAtha covIsa jaina tIrthaMkaromAMnA bAvIsamA tIrthaMka2 thaI gayA. jainaparaMparA anusAra e kRSNanA kAkAnA dIkarA thAya. yAdava rAjA samudravijaya ane emanAM patnI zivAdevInA e putra thAya. elagna karavAne icchatA nahotA, paNa zrIkRSNanI patnIoe emane vasaMtakrIDAne prasaMge lagna karavAne manAvyA hatA.yAdava rAjA ugrasenanI duhitA rAjimatI-rAjula sAthe emanuM sagapaNa nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM. neminAthanI jAna ugrasenane tyAM jatAM dvArakAmAM thaIne pasAra thatI hatI tyAre jAnaiyAonA satkArArthe bhojana mATe vADAmAM pUrI rAkhelAM vadhya pazuo emaNe joyAM, ane emano AtmA emane nimitte thanAra A hiMsA mATe kakaLI UThyo. pUrvasaMskArone baLe emanA manamAM apAra virakti jAgI UThI ane lagna karyA vinA e tyAMthI ja pAchA vaLI gayA, ane lagnotsukA rAjimatI rAha jotI ja rahI. neminAthe sAMvatsarika dAna daIne giranAra upara jaIne dIkSA lIdhI, jyAM emane kevaLajJAna thayuM. rAjimatIe paNa potAnA mananA mAnelA priyatamane pagale dIkSA grahaNa karI ane aMte siddhine pAmyAM. maladhArI rAjazekharasUriSkRta 'neminAtha phAgu'- neminAthaviSayaka phAgukAvyomAMthI sauthI prAcIna dhyAnArha racanA maladhArI rAjazekharasUriSkRta 'neminAtha phAgu' I.1349 (vi.saM.1405) AsapAsanI che. emAM paNa jinapadmasUrinA 'sthUlibhadra phAgu'nI mAphaka ja 27 kaDIo che. pahelAM eka duho ane pachI roLAnI banelI sAta 'bhAsa'mAM kRti vaheMcAyelI che. enI bhASAzailInI komalatA, lAlitya, pravAhitA ane vega anokhAM che. enuM rAjimatInuM varNana juo :20 aha sAmala komala kezapAza kiri mokalAu, addhacaMda samu bhAlu mayaNu posaI bhaDavAu;

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phAgusAhitya H jaina ane jaineta2 297 vaMkuDiyAlIya bhUMDiyahaM bhira bhuvaNu bhamADaI, lADI loyaNalahakuDalai sura saggaha pADaI. kiri sisibiMba kapola kannahiMDola pharatA, nAsA vaMsA garuDacaMcu dADimala daMtA; ahara pavAla ti reha kaMThu rAjalasara rUDau, jANu vISu raNaraNaIM jANu koIlaTakaDalau. raNuNu e ruNujhuNu e ruNujhuNu e kaDi ghaghariyAli, rimijhimi rimijhimi rimijhimi e payane urajuyalI.' kRSNarSIya jayasiMhasUricita prathama ane dvitIya 'neminAthaphAgu' A pachI thoDe ja samaye kRSNarSIya jayasiMhasUrie be neminAtha phAgu'o racyA cheH I. 1366 (saM.1422) AsapAsa. ekamAM emaNe jinapadmasUri ane rAjazekharasUrie yojelA duhAroLAnI 'bhAsa'no padyabaMdha apanAvyo che, to bIjAmAM emaNe Adi phAgukAvya 'vasaMtavilAsa'no AMtarayamakavALA duhAno 'phAgu' baMdha svIkAryo che. baMnemAM kavinI bAnInuM mAdhurya ane prauDhi prazasya che. bhamaiM bhamara madhupAnamatta jhaMkAru karaMtA, riturAyaha kiri bhaTTaTTa va2 kitti paDhatA, prathama phAgunuM vasantavarNana suMdara che. emAM praziSTa jainetara racanA 'vasantavilAsa'nA paDaghA saMbhaLAya che. pasira piramalu malaIvAu, diisa pUrato, mANiNi kAmiNi manaha mAhi, taNi sUraMto.' 4 rAjimatInA varNanamAM Rju saundarya che :29 "mayaNa suhaDa kiravAla saritu siri veNIyadaMDo, kaMtisamujavalu tAsu vayaNu, sasibiMbu akhaMDo, bhAlathalu aThThamiya caMdu, kiri kaMna hiMDolA, bhamuha dhaNuha sama vipula, capala loyaNa kaMcolA. 9 -- ahiru pravAlau, kaMThu karai koilasau vAdo, rAjala vANiya veNu vISu UtArai nAdo. 10

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298 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 tasu bhuyavallIya kAra kamala, pINa pohara tuMga, paripUriya siMgAra rasi, kaNaya kalasa kAra caMga.' 11 jayasiMhasUrino dvitIya 'neminAtha phAgu' AMtarayamakavALA duhAmAM racAyelo che. emAM paNa prAraMbhe AvatuM vasantavarNana noMdhapAtra che. yamakasAMkaLImAM prAcIna praziSTa 'vasaMtavilAsa'no raNakAra sthaLe sthaLe saMbhaLAya che. dhanadevagaNikRta suraMgAbhidha nemi phAga' (I.sa. 1446, saM. 1502) : A phAgumAM kula 84 kaDIo che. enI chaMdoracanA uparanA phAguo karatAM vadhAre saMkula che. emAM prathama 'kAvya' nAmathI nirdiSTa thayelo zArdUlavikrIDita, ane e pachI rAsaka, ahaiyu ane phAga (=AMtara yamakavALA duhA)nI keTalIka kaDIonA banelA dasa ekamo ke ghaTako che. kAvyane prAraMbhe tema aMte eka eka saMskRta zloka Apyo che. prAraMbhano maMgaLAcaraNano zloka A pramANe che : natvAnaMtaguNAtmakaM suranataM saMsAranistArakaM vizvAnandavidhAyakaM jinapatiM zrIAdidevaM prabhum / smRtvA zrIzrutadevatAM jananatAM niHzeSajADyApahAM zrInemeratulaM karomi sakalaM phAgaM suraMgAbhidham / / nemiviSayaka phAgukAvyomAM nAyakanuM varNana kacit ja karyuM hoyache. AmAM nemikumAranuM A pramANe varNana Ave che : daMtA dADama bIjaDAM, adhara be jAcAM pravAlAM navAM, dIpaI suM jala AMSaDI kamalanI jesI hui pAMSaDI, nAsA sA zuka caMcaDI, bhamahaDI dIsad beU vAMkuDI, boluM bahunA, kumAra jamaNuM kAMi a opaI nahIM.' 32 'suraMgAbhidha nemi phAga'mAM 'vasaMtavilAsa' sAthe sAmya dharAvatI paMktio maLe che. u.ta. nIcenI kaDInuM 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI 31mI kaDI sAthe utkaTa sAmya che : caMpakanI dIsai e kalI nIkalI pIlI ya aMgi, kiri e rANi raNadIvIya, navIya karIya arniMga.' 45 somasundarasUriSkRta raMgasAgara nemiphAga'- vi.saM.nA paMdaramA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM racAyo che. e 119 kaDInuM vistRta kAvya che, jene kavie 'mahAphAga'nuM abhidhAna ApyuM che. emAM kavie ujvala zabdAlaMkAranI zobhA ANavAnI pratijJA karI che :

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phagusAhitya: jaina ane jainetara 299 zrInemeH paramezvarasya yamakAlaMkArasAraM mnH| smerIkAraka-raMgasAgaramahAphAgaM kariSye navam / / enI varNanasamRddhi asAdhAraNa suMdara che. "emAM neminAthanA janma prasaMgathI mAMDIne caritra ApavAmAM AvyuM che. neminAthanA janma pUrve mAtA zivAdevIne zubha svapno Ave che tyAMthI kAvyano AraMbha thAya che. A phAganI zailI atyaMta manorama che. saMskRta vRttono upayoga enI vizeSatA che. kAvyanI bhASA jUnI gujarAtI che, paNa kAvyabaMdha upara saMskRta kavitAnI ghaNI asara che. saMskRta sAhityanI upamAo ane alaMkArothI kAvya zobhe che. emAM vacce vacce 'vasaMtavilAsa' sAthenuM sAmya paNa varatAya che. enuM vasaMtanuM varNana juo : AvI e madhumAdhavI rati bhalI, phUlI save mAdhavI, pIlI caMpakanI kalI mayaNanI, dIvI navI nIkalI; pAmi pADala kevaDI bhamaranI pUgI rulI kevaDI, phUTe dADimi rAtaDI virahiyAM dolhI dUI rAtaDI.32 mANikayasuMdarasUrikata nemIzvaracarita phAgabaMdha' - prAcIna gujarAtI kAdaMbarI kathA sama "pRthvIcandracaritra' (aparanAma "vAgvilAsa')nI asAdhAraNa alaMkRta gadyakathAnA racayitA mANikyasuMdarasUrie namIzvaracarita phAgabaMdha'nI racanA I. 1422, (saM.1478)nI AsapAsamAM karI che. kula 91 kaDInA e kAvyamAM 17 saMskRta zloka che ane 74 prAcIna gujarAtI chaMdo che. AraMbhamAM traNa saMskRta zloka ApIne pachI "rAsa' (savaiyA batrIsAne maLato DhALa), aDhayu (1luM caraNa caraNAkulanuM, bIjuM duhAnA uttarArdhanuM + 2 mAtrAno gItavaNa), ane phAgu, e traNa chaMdomAM racanA karI che. praziSTa "vasaMtavilAsa'nI mAphaka A kavinI bAnI prAsAdika che enI pratIti aneka paMktio karAvI jAya che. u. ta. vasaMtavarNananI A be kaDIo juo : 'iNi vacani hari ANaMdIalA, Rtu vasaMta avasara AIyalA: vAIlA dakSiNa vAyu tu, jina jina - dhruvapada, kusumi kusumi bhamarA raNajhaNIA, mayaNarAya hayavara haNahaNIA : khele mAsa vasaMta tu, jina jina jAI jUI vara kizuka, ki zukavadana suvRkSa tribhuvana jana-AnaMdana, caMdana caMpaka vRkSa.33

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300 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa - 1 jayazekharasUriracita neminAtha phAgu- prabodhacintAmaNi' ane tribhuvanadIpaka prabandhae rUpakagranyinA racayitA zrI jayazekharasUrie I.1404 (saM. 1460)nI AsapAsamAM be neminAthaviSayaka phAguo racyA che : pahelA phAgune emaNe neminAtha phAgu' kahyo che, ane bIjAne "zrIneminAthasya phAgubaMdhana stuti evuM abhidhAna ApyuM che. prathama phAgu gAyakavADjha orienTa sIrIjhanA graMthAMka 118 gurjara rAsAvali'mAM chapAyo che; bIjo bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe emanA prAcIna phAgusaMgrahanA aMtabhAge anupUrtimAM mudrita karyo che. samagra prathama phAgu AMtarayamakavALA duhAmAM che, ane bIjo lagabhaga ardha sudhI (24 kaDI sudhI) AMtarayamakavALA duhAmAM che, ane pachI roLAnI banelI "bhAsa Ave che. uttarArdhamAM vacce vacce e khaMDita che. jayazekharasUrinA pahelA "neminAtha phAgumAM ghaNI paMktiomAM "vasantavilAsanI padAvalIno raNako saMbhaLAya che, ane alaMkAromAM sAmya varatAya che. u. ta. vasaMtavarNana prasaMganI A paMktio juo * 'ekalI karabakanI kalI nIkalI giu abhimAna, dekhauM kevaDI kevaDI jevaDI karavata dhAri. laI e kelIhara dIhara khala jima khemu vilavaI virahakarAliya bAliya ima ekaMti. vani vani vikasaI ula kheu lagADaI cIti, vara vilasaI avalesara kesara haThi suvesa.' e pachI kRSNanI rANIonI ane kRSNaneminI vasantakrIDA ane jalakrIDA varNavI che. rAjimatInI dehayaSTinuM ane alaMkAronuM varNana paNa evuM ja subhaga che. A kAvya neminAthaviSayaka phAgukAvyomAM agrasthAnanuM adhikArI che. jayazekharasUrino dvitIya neminAtha phAgu' enA saMvidhAna paratve rAjazekharasUri ane jayasiMhasUrinI racanAnuM smaraNa karAve che; paNa emAM pahelA neminAtha phAgu' jevI varNanasamRddhi ane alaMkArazobhA najare paDatI nathI. samudharakRta "zrIneminAtha phAgu' - e paMdaramA zatakanA aMtabhAga ane soLamA zatakanA prAraMbhakALe racAyelI kRti che. eno baMdha jUnAM, AraMbhakALanAM phAgukAvyonI mAphaka sAdo che. eno chaMda duho ja che, mAtra viSama caraNanI AgaLa traNa mAtrAno "aha" zabda umeryo che. "vasaMtavilAsa' jevI yamakasAMkaLI emAM nathI, ethI chaMdobaMdha vadhAre sAdo banyo che, to kAvyamAM vega ane pravAhitA ghaNAM vadhyAM che, je vasaMtamAM vihAra

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phagusAhitya: jaina ane jainetara 301 karatAM naranArIonI gatinuM pratibiMba jhIle che. enuM vasantanuM varNana juo : 5 ahe vana suyaDauM raliyAvaNau, anu vitasiya vaNarAe, ahevAlI veulu viulusirI, ketakI tahi jAe. ahe koilisAdu sohAvaNau, mori madhura vAsaMti, ahe bhamarA raNajhaNaruNa kara, kidhari kinnari gAyaMti." ratha upara caDIne vivAhatoraNe AvatA Indra ke candra samAna nemikumAranA rUpanuM varNana kavi kare che :36 ahe ku iMdu ke caMdu ke, hariharu aru baMbhANa, ahe savihi rUparisesa, sividivi taNa naMdANa; ahe jAlagavapha khe rAimaI, joyae prayu AvaMtu." A kAvyano vyApa bhale maryAdita hoya; paNa enI kavitvazakti maryAdita nathI. anya nemiviSayaka phAguo - samaranI ane pA jevA kavionI kRtio sAmAnaya prakAranI racanAo hoI e samudharanI tole paNa AvI zakatI nathI. kevaLI ane AcAryaviSayaka phAguo jaMbusvAmI phAga'- anya kevaLIo (= kevaLajJAnIo) ane AcAryo viSenAM kAvyomAM ajJAta kavi kRta jaMbusvAmI phAga' atyArasudhI prApta racanAomAM sauthI jUno che. I. 1374 (saM.1430)mAM e racAyo hato evo kAvyane aMte ullekha che. AMtara yamaka vALA 60 duhAmAM e lakhAyo che. jaina paraMparAmAM jaMbusvAmInuM kathAnaka suprasiddha che. jaina dharmanA itihAsamAM teo carama-chellA kevaLI tarIke sujJAta che. magadhamAM rAjagRha nagaranA zreSThI RSabhadatta ane enI patnI dhAriNInA teo ekanA eka putra hatA. yuvAvasthAmAM AvyA pachI teo eka vAra vasaMta RtumAM vaibhAragiri upara krIDA karavAne gayA hatA. tyAMthI pAchA pharatAM gaNadhara sudhamAM svAmI sAthe emano samAgama thayo, ane pUrvanA saMskArothI emanuM mana saMsArathI virakta thayuM. A pahelAM emano vivAha zreSThIonI ATha kanyAo sAthe thayo hato. lagna pachI tarata ja dIkSA levAnI anumatinI zarate emaNe vivAha mATe anumati ApI. vivAhanI prathama rAtrie gharamAM sau UMghI gayAM hatAM, paNa jaMbukumAra jAgatA hatA. tyAre prabhava nAmano cora enA pAMcaso sAthIo sAthe corI karavAne gharamAM

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302 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 dAkhala thayo. jaMbukumAranA brahmacaryane pratApe staMbhanavidyAne baLe enA paga tyAM ja jaDAI gayA. jaMbukumAre prabhava ane enA sAthIone pratibodha pamADyo. ATha patnIo sAthe jaMbukumAre sudharmAsvAmI pAse dIkSA lIdhI. prabhave paNa dIkSA lIdhI, ane jaMbusvAmIno ziSya banyo. chatrIsame varSe jaMbusvAmIne kevaLajJAna prApta thayuM. prastuta 'jaMbusvAmI phAga'mAM AraMbhe jaMbukumAranA svarUpanuM varNana karyuM che : niruvama rUvi puraMdaru, suMdara sohaga sAru, kadalIdalAvalikomalu, nimmala jasa AdhA. simaMDala gaMgAjala ujjala, guNi saMjuttu, lAvanisaralIlAvana, jovanavaya saMputtu.' ,39 e pachI vasaMtanuM varNana Ave che. kAvyanA madhyabhAgathI jaMbukumAra sAthe vivAhitA kanyAonuM varNana zarU thAya che. emAM sthaLe sthaLe 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI chAyA paDI che:38 aharabiMba paravAliya, lAlIya rAga visesu, vimalakapola ti dIpai, jIpai diNaya2kaMti. ati saraliya bhUyayalIya, kuMyalIya kamala samANa. kAnihiM kaMtihiM maMDala, kuMDala lahalahati.' AcArya-viSayaka phAguonI paraMparA AcArya ke gurune anulakSIne vikramanA paMdaramA ane soLamA saikAmAM ghaNA phAguo racAyA che. emAM I. 1285 (saM. 1314) AsapAsa racAyelo 'jinacaMdasUri phAgu' sauthI jUno che. soLamA zatakanA arasAnA devaratnasUri phAga', 'sumatisundarasUri phAgu', 'hemaratnasUri phAga' vagere A prakAranA phAguo che. emAM prathama gurunuM pUrvacaritra ApIne pachI koI nimitte vasaMtavarNana karIne, e sAthe ja strInA saundaryanuM varNana karyuM hoya che. vastutaH A phAguo guruprazastirUpanA che; emAM vasaMtavarNanAdika mAtra aupacArika che. ethI sAhityakRti karatAM e sAMpradAyika paraMparAnuM Alekhana karatI racanAo banI rahe che. kathAkAvya ke caritra rUpanA phAguo sattaramA zatakanAM be phAgukAvyo - kanakasomano maMgalakalaza phAga' ane kalyANakRta 'vAsupUjya manorama phAga'- phAguparaMparAmAM vilakSaNa rIte judA tarI Ave che. -

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phAgusAhitya : jaina ane jainetara 303 baMne phAguo kathAkAvya ke caritra rUpanA che. kanakasomano maMgalakalaza phAga - madhyakAlanI eka kautukabharI vArtAnuM kathana che. enA kavie jo ene "phAgu' nAma na ApyuM hota to ApaNe ene zAmaLanI suprasiddha vArtAonI eka purogAmI kathA ja gaNI leta. enAM mULa "bRhatkathA ke kathAsaritsAgara' samA prAcIna bhAratIya lokakathAsAhityamAM saMbhave che. enA pahelA padyakhaMDanA zIrSakamAM "DhAla phAgano ullekha che, ane aMte puSyikAmAM kAvyano phAga' tarIke nirdeza che. bAkI, A tattvataH to prabandha" ke "carita' svarUpanuM kAvya, athavA kaho to sudIrgha (166 kaDI jeTaluM lAMbuM) kathAkAvya che. kalyANakRta "vAsupUjya manorama phAga- AnAthIye vadhAre vistAravALuM, 328 kaDInuM kalyANakRta "vAsupUjya manorama phAga' kAvya che. emAM bAramA tIrthaMkara zrI vAsupUjyanuM caritra AlekhyuM che. kAvyanA be vibhAga che, jemane ullAsa' nAma ApyuM che. 156 kaDIe pahelo ullAsa pUro thAya che, temAM tIrthakaranA pUrvajanmono vRttAnta che; 157mI kaDIthI emanA tIrthaMkarabhavanI kathA ApI che. caMpApurInA vasupUjya rAjAnI jayA nAmanI rANIne peTe emano janma thayo. e samaye mAtAe cauda maMgalasvapno joyAM. e yuvAvasthAmAM AvyA tyAre pitAe emane lagna karavAno tathA rAjyAsana svIkAravAno Agraha karyo, paNa emaNe nA pADI ane sAMvatsarika dAna ApIne aneka rAjAo sAthe dIkSA lIdhI. eka mAsa gupta veze rahyA pachI emane kevalajJAna thayuM. prAraMbhika zlokamAM kartAe varce manoraH BY ema jaNAvyuM che, ane AraMbhanI anya kaDIomAM eno "phAga' tarIke kartAe ullekha karyo che, thoDuMka prAsaMgika vasantavarNana paNa emAM Ave che, chatAM A kAvyamAM phAganAM lakSaNo karatAM rAsa ke prabandhanAM lakSaNo ja pradhAna che e smaraNamAM rAkhavuM ghaTe che. baMne phAgonI bhASAzailI prAsAdika ane manorama che, ane saMvidhAna suMdara che. ratnamaMDanagaNiracita "nArInirAsa phAga' - prAcIna praziSTa jainetara phAguracanA 'vasaMtavilAsathI ApaNe A adhyayanano AraMbha karyo, to barAbara jANe e pUrvaracanAnA rasAlaMkAra ane kathayitavyanuM nirasana karavAne ja racAyo hoya evA, ratnamaMDanagaNinA "nArInirAsa phAga'thI enuM samApana karIe emAM ghaNuM aucitya tapAgacchanA AcArya somasuMdarasUrinA ke temanA ziSya somadevasUrinA ziSya

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304 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ratnamaMDanagaNie soLamA zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM A kAvyanI racanA karI jaNAya che. 'nArInirAsa phAga'nI samagra kAvyadhATI vasaMtavilAsa'nI che. keTaleya sthaLe emAM 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI paMktionA paDaghA saMbhaLAya che. 'vasaMtavilAsa' jevA pracura zRMgArika kAvyanI racanA thayA pachI e zRMgAra-bhAvanAno nirAsa karavAnA khyAlathI A 'nArInirAsa phAga'nI racanA thaI hoya evuM svAbhAvikaanumAna thaI zake.''' nArInirAsa phAga'mAM ekadaMre 53 zloka ke kaDIo che. 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI mAphaka pratyeka prAcIna gujarAtI kaDInI sAthe eka samAnArtha saMskRta zloka joDelo che. 'vasaMtavilAsa'mAM AvatA saMskRta zloka praziSTa mahAkAvyo, nATako, i. mAMthI kavie saMkalita karyAM che; 'nArInirAsa phAga'mAM A saMskRta zloka kavie pote ja racIne mUkyA che. enI bhASA paNa sarvatra zuddha rahI nathI. ethI saMskRta kAvyakusumonA parimale jema 'vasaMtavilAsa' mahekI rahe che, ema ahIM banatuM nathI. nArInirAsa'mAM prAcIna gujarAtI padyo upara 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI kAvyazailInI kavicat taddana biMbapratibiMbavat bhAse eTalI badhI bhArobhAra chAyA paDI che. u. ta. 'nArInirAsa'nAM nIcenAM prAcIna gujarAtI po juoH 42 rita pahutI madhu mAdhavI, sAdhavI zamarasa pUri, jijima mahamahaI mahItala zItala sajasa kapUra. ra kAsiNa kaMcuka miai A bhaluM AbhaluM kuca girizRMga, bhItara kisi e kAdama kA dama dharisana aMga. 30 ApaNapU giNi hAra tUM, hAra tuM jai nirapesi, mAMDa a pAsa payodhara, yodha rahyA tujha resi. 32 vaiNi gamaI nahIM Aja meM A jamanAjala pUra, kAlie nAga nirAgaluM, rAgalu Dasai atikrUra.' 6 Ano sahavartI saMskRta zloka juo : kusumAvali phenilAbalAkabarI kAlatanuH kaliMdijA / ajinaM janamatra mArayatyanurAgaH kila kAliyorUgaH / / 7 anya saMskRta zloko A dhATIe pUrvavartI prAcIna gujarAtI padyanA vicArasthApana ane vistaraNa karavAne racAyA che. A rIte 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI pratijJApUrvaka pratiracanA karIne 'nArInirAsa'kArpha

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phAgusAhitya: jaina ane netara 305 asaMprajJAtapaNe 'vasaMtavilAsanA asAdhAraNa saundarya ane gauravano mahimA karyo che. upasaMhAra : ahIM vasantazrImaMDita kAvyasRSTimAM laTAra mArIne ApaNe jyAMthI nisargazrImAM praveza karyo hato tyAM pAchA AvI rahyA. vacce kyAMka bakulono parimala ApaNe mANyo, kyAMka pATalapuSponI samRddhi ApaNe joI, kyAMka ketakI ane caMpakanI AkarSaka suvAse ApaNane rokI rAkhyA, kAmIjanonA vizrAmasthAna samA A kAvyopavanamAM kadaMbaDALe bAMdhelA jhUlAo upara hIMcatI praNayIjanonI belaDIo joI; emanA jalavihAra mATenI manohara vApikAo nihALI; yugalonI vizrakhkhakelI mATenAM madhumAlatIthI AcchAdita ramaNIya kadalIgRho upara dRSTi nAMkhI, dUra dUra vaselA munijanonA Azramone AghethI nihALyA ane emanI AsapAsanA suMdaraprazAnta vAtAvaraNano anubhava karyo. ane chelle ethI ye Aghe, prAntasImA upara, A kAmyavanane cheka cheDe AvelA mahAjanonA mahAlayo nIrakhyA. A samagra vihArayAtrAnAM smaraNo ApaNA manane punaH punaH vasantazrIthI sabhara e vananivAsa tarapha kheMcyAM kare to te e sundara sthaLonA nirmAtAone abhISTa ja haze. saMdarbhanoMdha : 1. sarakhAvo : "jU maducho , AcArya hemacandraviracita rezInAmAnI sarakhAvo : ramevau. khelA nAcai caitramAsi gihi gAvevI: - jinapadrasUrikata "yUlibhadra phAgu', kaDI 27 malahArihi rAyasiharasUrikiu phagu ramajaI -rAjazekharasUrikRti neminAtha phAgu', kaDI 27 bhaMbharoliya bAla raMga nava phAga ramata -kRSNarSIya jayasiMhasUrikata pahelo neminAtha phAgu, kaDI 5. lAja vilopiya gopiya, ropiya daDha anurAga rasabhari prayatamu relaI, velaI khelaI phAgu." -kRSNarSIya jayasiMhasUrikata bIjo neminAtha phAgu', kaDI 12. ahe samudharU bhaNaI soghavaNau, phAga khelI savi vAra'. --samudhara kRta "zrI neminAtha phAgu', kaDI 14 3. sarakhAvo : zrI akSayacaMdra zarmA, siri dhUlibhadra phAgu - paryAlocana',

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306 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA, saM. 2011, aMka 1 sarakhAvo : sAvaNa chaTha sukila dimasu, siri chag vaheto, tuMga turaMgama rahi caDevi ravi jima dapaMto, jAdava koDi sahitu, nemi paraNevA callaI'. -kRSNarSIya jayasiMhasUrikRta prathama neminAtha phAgu', kaDI 17. 22wilal : Prof. Vyas has tried to show by suffieient linguistic evidence that 'Vasanta Vilasa' is likely to have been composed by about 1400 V. S....As a matter of fact I would like to place the work in the Vastupal era (circa V.S. 1300), although there is no positive evidence bearing on this point." -- Acharya Jinavijaya Muni, in the Foreword to 'Vasant Vilasa', ed. K. B. Vyas, 1942. "hAjI mahammada smAraka graMtha', 1922mAM prasiddha thayelo ke. ha. dhruvano 'vasaMtavilAsa' viSeno lekha, tathA e kAvyanI vAcanA, pR.187-188; temaja ke. ha. dhruva saMpAdita pravana gurjara vya, prastAvanA, pR. 14-15. 'vasaMta vilAsa - prAcIna phAgukAvya', saMpAdaka kAntilAla ba. vyAsa, dvitIya AvRtti, 1957, prastAvanA, pR. 15, 16. 8. e ja, pR 15 9. ke. ha. dhruva saMpAdita, pravIna gurjara kAvya, prastAvanA, pR. 14-15. 10 maMjulAla 2. majamudAra, gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo', padya-vibhAga; 1954, pR. 239 11. e ja, pR. 240. 12. harivallabha bhAyANI saMpAdita, 'harivilAsa-eka madhyakAlIna jainetara phAga-kAvya', "svAdhyAya', pustaka 2, aMka 3, akSayatRtIyA vi. saM. 2021; pR. 290. 13. e ja, pR. 219. 14. e ja, pR. 294. 15. e ja, pR. 295.

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phAgusAhitya: jaina ane jainetara 307 16. e ja pR. 300-301. 17. bhogIlAla ja sAMDesarA saMpAdita, prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha', mahArAjA sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA 1955; pR.92-101. sarakhAvo : maMjulAla 2. majamudAra, gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo', padya-vibhAga, 1954. pR. 25-252. 18. 'Vasant Vilasa' An Old Gujarati Phagu', ed. K.B.Vyas, 1942. Appendix lil, pp. 66-72. 19. aMbAlAla bulAkhIrAma jAnIsaMpAdita, kezavadAsaracita "zrIkRSNa lIlAkAvya' (sacitra), prakAzaka, phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, 1933; temaja maMjulAla ra. majamudAra, gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo', padya-vibhAga, pR. 25-254. 20. sarakhAvo : kAntilAla ba. vyAsasaMpAdita, paMdaramA zatakanAM cAra phAgu kAvyo'. prakAzaka phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, 1955, pR. 4-5. 21. bhogIlAla ja sAMDesarAsaMpAdita, prAcIna laga-saMgraha pR 3-4. 22. e ja, pR. 4-5 23. e ja, pR7. 24. e ja, pR. 130 131. 25. e ja, pR. 126. 27. prAna purnara vya, gAyakavADjha orienTala sIrIjha, naM. 13, pR. 83-85; kaDI 8 9, 21. 28. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha', pR. 12. 29. e ja, pR. 13. 30 e ja, pR. 57 67. 31. sarakhAvo : maMjulAla ra. majamudAra, gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo'. padya-vibhAga, pR. 233 235. 32. kAntilAla ba. vyAsasaMpAdita, paMdaramA zatakanAM cAra phAgukAvyo', prastAvanA, pR. 13. 33. maMjulAla 2. majamudAra, gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo, pR. 242-43

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308 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa-1 38. 'Gurjara Rasavali', ed. by B. K. Thakore, M. D. Desai, and M.C. Modi. Gaek wad's Oriental Series, No.118, 1956, pp.66-67. 35. kAntilAla ba. vyAsasaMpAdita, paMdaramA zatakanAM cAra phAgukAvyo', phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, 1955, pR 16. 36. e ja, pR. 20. 37. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA saMpAdita, prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha', pR. 25. 38. e ja, pR. 27- 29. 39. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA prAcIna phAgu-saMgrahamAM kramAMka 16, 17, 27, 35, 37nA phAguo; temaja, kAntilAla vyAsa, paMdaramA zatakanAM sagu kAvyomAM kramAMka 1, 3, 4nA phAguo; ane maMjulAla majamudAra, gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpomAM, phAgu-svarUpanI carcAmAM kramAMka 10, 11 nA phAguo. 40. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, prAcIna gu-saMgraha', kramAMka 29, 30 nA phAguo. 41. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, prAcIna gu-saMgraha, prastAvanA pR. 17. 42. e ja, pR. 68-69.

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309 9 mIrAM niraMjana bhagata bhaktirasanI kavitAno phuvAro mIrAMnA nAmathI mAMDIne te kAma lagInI ekeeka vAta Aja lagI mukhyatve anumAnano viSaya rahI che. emAMnI eka vAta aMtimatApUrvaka nizcita ke nirbhIta nathI. "mIrAM' enuM upanAma hatuM? to enuM asala nAma zuM hatuM? eno janma kyAM ane kyAre thayo? enuM jIvana kyAM, kyAre ane zI rIte gayuM? enuM mRtyu kyAM, kyAre ane zI rIte thayuM? eNe kayAM pada racyAM? kyAM, kyAre, kayA kramamAM ane kaI bhASAmAM racyAM? -eke vAta vize AdhAra ke pramANa nathI. rAjakIya ane aitihAsika lakhANomAM mIrAMnA nAmano ullekha sudhdhAM nathI. dhArmika ane sAMpradAyika lakhANomAM mIrAM vize kyAMka mUrkhatAne kAraNe to kyAMka duSTatAne kAraNe ahetuka sahetuka vikRtiono pAra nathI, to sAhityika lakhANomAM mIrAM vize, alabatta, AnuSaMgika AdhAra ane pramANanA saMdarbhamAM anumAnonI paraMparA mAtra che. dharma ane samAjanA eke baMdhanamAM bAMdhI zakAya nahIM ane jAte baMdhAya nahIM evA mukta mAnavahRdayanuM nAma che mIrAM. sthaLa ane kALanI sImAomAM samAvI zakAya nahIM ane jAte samAya nahIM evA anAdianaMta AtmAnuM nAma che mIrAM. 'A vizvamAM ekamAtra paramezvara ja mAro che, anya koI mAruM nathI, anya kaMI mAruM nathI,' evuM kahevAnI jenAmAM virakti hoya athavA to "A vizvamAM huM ekamAtra paramezvaranI ja chuM anya koInI nathI, evuM kahevAnI jenAmAM anurakti hoya ene kaI vyakti ke kaI vastu kahI zake ke tuM mArI che? ene vANI paNa zuM vadI zake? AvA mAnavahRdayanuM, AvA AtmAnuM caritra sadAya aNalakhyuM hoya che. je manuSya abhaya ane AtmabaLathI "mere to giridhara gopAla, dUsarA na koI gAIne pachI gAyuM hoya evuM ja jIve; je manuSya aMte ajJAtavAsamAM adRzya thAya, potAno samasta bhUtakALa bhUMse ane potAnuM samagra

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310 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 vyaktitva lope ene vize AvuM bane emAM IzvaranI akaLagati che. IzvaranI lIlA che. emAM Izvarano nyAya paNa che. A che mIrAMnuM rahasya. hamaNAM ja kahyuM tema sAhityika lakhANomAM mIrAM vize anumAnonI paraMparA mAtra che. A pratyeka anumAnamAMthI mIrAMnI eka mUrti pragaTa thAya che. ahIM AvuM eka vadhu anumAna rajU thAya che. emAMthI paNa mIrAMnI eka vadhu mUrti pragaTa thAya che. AdhAra ke pramANa kaho to te, ane anumAna kaho to te je kaMI sulabha che te mIrAMnAM pada che. mIrAMnAM pada eTale ke, mIrAne nAme je pada astitvamAM che emAMthI je kaMIka niHzaMkatAthI athavA sauthI vadhu zraddhAthI mIrAMnAM kahI zakAya e padamAMthI emanA sarjakanI je mUrti pragaTa thAya e mUrtinI sAthe jeTalI A mUrti vadhu susaMgata ane susaMvAdI eTalI e vadhu pramANabhUta ane pratItijanaka. anyathA to jyAM koI AdhAra ke pramANa na hoya, mAtra anumAna hoya tyAM aMte to pratyeka vAcake pote ja viveka karavAno hoya. 1498mAM janma, 1516mAM lagna, 15ra1mAM vaidhavya, 1532mAM mevADatyAga, 1533mAM meDatAtyAga, 1536mAM vRndAvanatyAga, 1546mAM dvArikAtyAga, 1546thI 1556 dakSiNa ane pUrva bhAratanI yAtrA, ajJAtavAsa, 1556 thI 1563-65 uttara bhAratanI yAtrA, ajJAtavAsa, 15636pamAM avasAna - A che mIrAMnA jIvananI rUparekhA. janma, zaizava rAThoDa(rASTrakUTa) vaMzanA jodhapuranA sthApaka jodhAjInA putra dUdAjIe 1456mAM meDatA paramAravaMzanA mAMdhAtAe sthApI te prAcIna nagarI mAMdhAtapura, meDaMtaka)no punaruddhAra karyo hato ane tyAM potAnuM rAjya sthApyuM hatuM. ane pachIthI kuTuMba vaiSNavadharmI hatuM ethI tyAM caturbhujajInuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. dUdAjIne be putro. moTo vIramadeva ane nAno ratnasiMha. dUdAjIe ratnasiMhane kuDakI sahita bAra gAmanI jAgIra ApI hatI. 1498mAM kuDakImAM ratnasiMhanI ekanI eka putrI mIrAMno janma 1503mAM mIrAMnI mAtAnuM avasAna thayuM. viramadevanI sAthe ratnasiMha satata yuddhabhUmi para sakriya hato. ethI mIrAM para dhyAna ApI zake ema na hato. ethI meDatAmAM dAdA dUdAjIe vIramadevanA ekanA eka putra jayamala (je pachIthI saMta thayo te)nI sAthe mIrAMnuM lAlanapAlana karyuM. madhyayugamAM 16mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM uttara bhAratamAM eka kSatriya rAjakuTuMbanI rAjakuMvarIne yogya evuM uttama zikSaNa dUdAjIe mIrAMne ApyuM. have pachI mIrAMnA padanA saMdarbhamAM vigate joIzuM tema A samayamAM mIrAMne nAnapaNamAM ja "kaMIka', jenuM nAma na pADI zakAya evuM kaMIka thayuM. mIrAMne paramezvaranuM

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mIrAM 311 tatkAla jJAna thayuM. mIrAMne paramezvarano pratyakSa anubhava thayo. A anubhava alaukika ane anirvacanIya hato. paramezvara pratyeno A prema "sUkSmataram anubhavarUpam che. ethI jene vANI dvArA mIrAM svayaM samajAvI na zake ane jene Avo anubhava thayo hoya te sivAya anya koI samajI na zake evA A anubhavano janazrutimAM eka dhULa khulAso ema che ke mIrAMe nAnapaNamAM enI mAtAne pUchyuM ke, "mAro vara koNa?' enA uttaramAM mAtAe kRSNanI mUrti mIrAMne ApIne kahyuM ke, "A tAro varA tyArathI mIrAMnA hRdayamAM vasI-ThasI gayuM ke pote haMmeza mATe kRSNane varI che. bIjo sthUla khulAso ema che ke mIrAMne nAnapaNamAM koI bAvAe, koI sAdhusaMte, kadAcane raidAse (rohIdAse) kRSNanI mUrti ApI tyArathI mIrAMnA hRdayamAM vasI-ThasI gayuM ke pote haMmeza mATe kaSNane varI che. mIrAMnA padamAM traNavAra paidAsano gurarUpe ullekha che. vaLI mIrAM pAse nAnapaNathI kRSNanI eka mUrti hatI. mIrAMnAM lagna pUrve meDatAmAM athavA mIrAMnA lagna pachI mevADamAM rAjakuTuMbamAM rAjamAtA jhAlIrANI ratanakuMvarane kAraNe mIrAM ane raidAsanuM milana thayuM hoya. jo mIrAM ane raidAsanuM milana meDatAmAM thayuM hoya to paNa saMbhava che ridAsa ativRddha hoya ane emanI pAse kRSNanI emanI je aMgata mUrti hoya te mRtyu pUrve koI suyogya vyaktine vArasAmAM bheTa ApavI hoya ane mIrAMne paramezvarano anubhava thayo che ane ethI mIrAM suyogya vyakti che evI pratIti emane hoya ane mIrAMne emaNe e mUrti vArasAmAM bheTa ApI hoya. lagna 1515mAM dUdAjInuM avasAna thayuM. pachI tarata ja 1516mAM sisodiyA (zIrSodaya) vaMzanA mevADanA zaivadharmI rAjakuTuMbamAM saMga (saMgrAmasiMha) ane kanavarabAIgodvAranA rAyamalajI solaMkInI putrI) nA pATavIputra bhojarAja sAthe 17 varSanI vaye, e samayamAM ane e samAjamAM e kuTuMbamAM lagna mATenI yogya vaye mIrAMnuM lagna thayuM. 1509mAM saMga rAjyapade Avyo tyAre uttara bhAratamAM rAThoDavaMza sauthI vadhu prabaLa hato. ethI sattAnI samatulA arthe rAThoDavaMzane vibhakta karavo e saMga mATe anivArya hatuM. vIkAjInuM bikAnera vibhakta thayuM. saMge dakSiNamAM sirohI sAthe saMdhi dvArA jodhapura para AkramaNano prayatna karyo. jodhapuranA sujAjInuM mRtyu thayuM. pachI vArasa mATe AMtaravigraha thayo. sujAjInA putra vAghAjIno putra gAMgAjI vArasa thayo ane jodhapuranA rAjyapade Avyo. A kaTokaTInI kSaNe hatyAo, AMtaravigraho, dezavaTA, parAjayo. saMgharSo, sattAnI samatulA Adi azAMti ane asthiratAnA vikaTa ane

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312 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa-1 viSama praznonI pUrvabhUmikAne kAraNe, saMge bhAre rAjakIya DahApaNa, sUjhasamaja ane mutsaddIgIrIthI pazcimamAM jodhapuranA gAMgAjInI bahena dhanabAI ane anya eka bahena sAthe ane pUrvamAM buMdInA rAva narmadasiMha hADAnI putrI ane potAnA sauthI vadhu vizvAsa sahAyaka sUrajamalanI bahena karametanabAI sAthe potAnuM lagna karyuM ane uttaramAM meDatAnA viramadevanI bhatrIjI mIrAM sAthe potAnA pATavIputra bhojarAjanuM lagna karyuM. A lagno dvArA, sAmAjika sabaMdho dvArA saMga AsapAsanAM rAjyo sAthe rAjakIya joDANa karyuM. ane A rAjakIya joDANa dvArA mevADane sugrathita ane suvyavasthita karyuM, uttara bhAratamAM sarvazreSTha hindu rAjya tarIke, hindupata tarIke sadhdhara karyuM. vacamAM vacamAM AMtaravigraho, AkramaNo, spardhAo, saMgharSo ane paraspara varcas chatAM rAThoDa kuTuMba ane sisodIyA kuTuMba vacce ekaMdare sahakAra ane sadbhAvano, maitrIno saMbaMdha hato. mIrAM-bhojarAja lagna pUrve sisodIyA kuTuMbanI cAra rAjakuMvarIonAM lagna rAThoDa kuTuMbamAM thayAM hatAM. vaLI meDatAnA vIramadevane saMgane sahAya karavAnI utkaTa icchA hatI. Ama, saMga ane vIramadeve rAjakIya joDANanA hetuthI bhojarAja ane mIrAMnuM lagna goThavyuM hatuM. Ama, jagatanA ItihAsamAM rAjya rAjya vacce marriage de convenance -sagavaDanuM lagna e nAme je asaMkhya lo prasiddha che evuM rAjakIya joDANamAM vighnarUpa nahIM thavuM hoya ethI eNe, alabatta, lagnano virodha nahIM karyo hoya. paNa mIrAMe bhojarAjane pati tarIke hRdayathI svIkAryo na hato. A lagna kevaLa laukika dRSTie, vyavahAra dRSTie, sAmAjika daSTie ja lagna hatuM. naitika daSTie, AdhyAtmika dRSTie, dhArmika dRSTie nahIM. mIrAMe lagna karyuM karyuM ne na karyuM evuM thayuM. mIrAne, AgaLa noMdhyuM tema, nAnapaNamAM paramezvarano anubhava thayo hato. have pachI mIrAMnAM padanA saMdarbhamAM vigate joIzuM tema A jagata, A jIvana, mAnuSI saMbaMdho, mAnuSI prema, sarva kaMI mRtyumaya che, parivartanazIla che ethI nazvara che, anitya che, kSaNika che; eka mAtra paramezvara ja amRta che, aparivartanazIla che, nitya che, anaMta che evI mIrAMne uttarottara dinapratidina vadhu ne vadhu daDha ane prabala pratIti haze ethI ekamAtra paramezvarane ja eNe hameza mATe svIkAryo haze. ethI sto lagnanI vidhine samaye paNa kRSNanI mUrti hRdaya-manaAtmAmAM to hatI ja paNa dehathI paNa enI sAthe hatI. tyAre paNa e paramezvarane ja varI hatI, bhojarAjane nahIM. bhojarAjane, saMgane, sisodiyA kuTuMbane ke vIramadevane, rAThoDakuTuMbane kalpanA paNa nahIM hoya ke mIrAMne asAdhAraNa, ananya evo paramezvarano anubhava thayo che; emane svapna paNa khyAla nahIM hoya ke mIrAM haMmezane mATe paramezvarane varI che. emaNe to ene asaMkhya sAmAnya kanyAo jevI eka sAmAnya

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mIzuM 313 kanyA ja mAnI haze. sisodiyAkuTuMbe, kuTuMbanI strIoe, savizeSa to bhojarAjanI mAtA kanavarabAIe mIrAMnA A mAnasano ane vartanano virodha karyo hato ane ethI lagnanI vidhi pachI mevADamAM mIrAMe kadI A lagna bhogavyuM nahatuM. ethI e niHsaMtAna hatI. bhojarAja saMgano pATavIputra hato, mevADano bhAvi mahArANo hato. ethI vA2saprApti mATe eNe kadAca bIjuM lagna paNa karyuM hoya. saMga bhAre vyavahArakuzaLa, catura ane zANo hato. mIrAMnAM bhojarAja sAthenAM lagna dvArA mevADameDatA vacce je rAjakIya joDANa siddha thayuM hatuM emAM mIrAM vighnarUpa na hatI. ethI e mIrAMnA jIvanamAM vighnarUpa na thayo. AraMbhamAM saMga, bhojarAja ane sisodiyAkuTuMbanA anya sabhyoe mIrAMne sAmAnya kanyAnI jema lagna, pati, lagnajIvana, kuTuMba, samAja vagereno svIkAra karavAne samajAvavAno prayatna karyo hoya paNa mIrAM potAnA nirNayamAM nizcala che ane potAnI mAnyatA, pratIti ane zraddhA pramANenuM jIvana jIvavAmAM enA koIpaNa pariNAmano sAmano karavA taiyAra che enI aMte saune, savizeSa saMgane, pratIti hoya ethI paNa saMga ane sau kuTuMbIjano mIrAMnA jIvanamAM vighnarUpa na thayA hoya. janazrutimAM ema che ke zvasuragRhanAM sau sabhyoe, mIrAMnA A mAnasa ane vartanane kAraNe ane vizeSa to sisodiyAkuTuMba zaivadharmI hatuM ane rAThoDakuTuMba vaiSNavadharmI hatuM tethI dhArmika asahiSNutA, dveSa ane tiraskArane kAraNe ane savizeSa to mIrAMe sisodiyAkuLanI kuLadevI kAlI-durgAnuM pUjana karavAno asvIkA2 karyo ethI mIrAMne trAsa Apyo hato, are, rAjaprAsAdamAMthI paNa aMte 'mahAbhUtAlaya'mAM dUra karI hatI. paNa vaiSNavadharmI rAThoDakuTuMbamAMthI zaivadharmI sisodiyAkaTuMbamAM lagna karanAra mIrAM prathama kanyA na hatI. A pUrve, AgaLa joyuM tema, rAThoDakuTuMbanI anya traNa kanyAoe sisodiyAkuTuMbamAM ane sisodiyA kuTuMbanI cAra kanyAoe rAThoDakuTuMbamAM lagna karyuM hatuM. sisodiyAkuTuMbe dharmane kAraNe A kanyAone trAsa Apyo hoya ema janazrutimAM nathI. vaLI sisodiyAkuTuMbane vaiSNavadharma pratye pUrNa Adara hato. kuMbha to kRSNabhakta hato. sauthI vizeSa to saMge pote rAThoDakuTuMbanI be kanyAo-dhanabAI ane anya eka kanyA sAthe lagna karyuM hatuM. saMge pote mIrAM sAthe bhojarAjanuM lagna goThavyuM hatuM. vaLI A lagna dvArA, AsAmAjika saMbaMdha dvArA meDatA sAthe mevADanuM rAjakIya joDANa karavAno mahAna hetu hato. saMga udAra, udAtta ane umadA manuSya hato. aMte e ane enuM samagra kuTuMba mIrAMne anukULa thayuM hatuM. vaLI bhojarAjanI mAtA kanavarabAI solaMkIkuTuMbanI kanyA hatI ane solaMkIkuTuMbanI ucca kuTuMba tarIke pratiSThA na hatI ethI aMtaHpuramAM ane kuTuMbamAM enuM varcas na hatuM. aMtaHpuramAM ane kuTuMbamAM varcas hatuM kuMbhanI patnI ane

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314 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa- 1 saurASTranA kuvA rAva rAjadhara jhAlAnI putrI jhAlIrANI ratanabAInuM. mevADamAM saMganI mAtA tarIkenuM, rAjamAtA tarIkenuM enuM gauravabharyuM sthAna hatuM. ratanabAIe hAlAvADamAM dezavaTAno anubhava karyo hato. e AdhyAtmika ane dhArmika vRttinI ridAsanI ziSyA hatI. eNe ridAsane gurudakSiNAmAM kRSNanI mUrti bheTa ApI hatI. kadAca e ja mUrti raidAse mIrAMne bheTa ApI hoya ane ratanabAIe mIrAM pAse e mUrti che ema jANyuM hoya. A sau kAraNothI ratanabAIne mIrAM pratye prema ane Adara hato. eNe mIrAMne rakSaNa ane protsAhana ApyuM hatuM. mevADamAM mIrAM prabhumaya jIvana, prArthanAmaya jIvana jIvatI hatI. ekAgratAthI, ananyatAthI bhaktinuM, kuTuMba, samAja, dharma AdinA baMdhanomAMthI mukta evuM jIvana jIvatI hatI. A meDataNIjI e, meDatAnI rAjakuMvarI ane mevADanI bhAvi mahArANIe sAdhusaMtonuM kuTuMba racyuM hatuM. dInahIna dalitapIDita patitono samAja racyo hato. bahiSkatatiraskRtonuM jagata racyuM hatuM. nakti teSa gatividyArutidhanakriyAtibhedra' pramANe koIpaNa bhedabhAva vinA 'yataH taddIyA:' pramANe sau paramezvaranAM bALako che evA samAnatAnA bhAva sahita, 'topoApi tava tathA "ta6 3odha Ifkha pa raLIyAti pramANe lokonAM kArya, bhaktimAM vRddhi thAya evAM kArya karavAno AraMbha karyo hato. eka ja zabdamAM mevADamAM mIrAM bhakta hatI, saMta hatI, e bhaktanuM, saMtanuM jIvana jIvatI hatI. have pachI mIrAMnAM padanA saMdarbhamAM vigate joIzuM tema eNe vairAgya dvArA svajanono tyAga karIne lokalAja khoI hatI. apAra anukaMpAthI jagatane joIne e roI hatI. eNe paramezvarane saMpUrNa zaraNAgati karI hatI, eNe Atmanivedana karyuM hatuM. lagna pachI tarata ja mIrAMnA AvA jIvanano AraMbha thayo hato. ane eno uttarottara krame krame dinapratidina vadhune vadhu vikAsa thato rahyo hato. madhyayuganA bhAratavarSamAM eka mahAna rAjakuTuMbamAM eka bhAvi mahArANInuM AvuM mAnasa, AvuM vartana, AvuM jIvana atyaMta AghAtajanaka ane akSamya gaNAya. sisodiyAkuTuMbamAM ane savizeSa to aMtaHpuramAM aneka strIone emanAM aham, dveSa ane IrSAne kAraNe vidrohI ane ethI drohI mIrAM atyaMta apriya haze. paNa asaMkhya manuSyone mIrAM eTalI ja priya hatI. asaMkhya manuSyonAM hRdayamAM mIrAMnuM ananya premabharyuM sthAna hatuM. Ama, lagna pachI mevADamAM eka niraMkuza, nIDara nArI tarIkenA,eka vidrohI vIrAMganA tarIkenA, eka krAMtikArI rajapUtANI tarIkenA mIrAMnA jIvanano AraMbha thAya che. emAM mIrAMnA baLa ane sAhasanI pratIti thAya che. koIpaNa samayamAM koIpaNa sthaLe saMtanuM jIvana jIvavuM kaparI kasoTIrUpa che. madhyayuganA bhAratavarSamAM saMtaparaMparAnI mIrAMne sahAya hatI. chatAM mIrAM strI hatI ane rAjakuTuMbamAM janmI hatI ane rAjakuTuMbamAM paraNI hatI. ene mATe

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mIzuM 315 saMtanuM jIvana jIvavuM keTaluM vadhu kaparI kasoTIrUpa haze e kalpI zakAya che. mIrAM saMta hatI. paNa sAthe sAthe e meDatAnI rAjakuMvarI ane mevADanI bhAvi mahArANI hatI. ethI aneka saMtonA jIvanamAM thayuM che tema tema enuM jIvana samakAlIna rAjakIya jIvana sAthe saMDovAyuM hatuM, anivAryapaNe, avicchedyapaNe saMDovAyuM hatuM. mIrAM jema dharmasaMpradAyamAM ke dharmakAraNamAM, jema kuTuMbasamAjavyavasthAmAM ke kuTuMba- samAjakAraNamAM tema rAjyavyavasthAmAM ke rAjyakAraNamAM sakriya na hatI. paNa sajAga ane sabhAna sAkSI avazya hatI. ethI, alabatta, enI naitika dRSTine kAraNe ane enA manuSya,manuSyajIvana,manuSyasamAjanA gahanagabhIra darzanane kAraNe jIvanamAM je je kSaNe samAjakAraNamAM, rAjayakAraNamAM ke dharmakAraNamAM sakriya bhAga bhajavavAno, kaho ke dharma, Apaddharma bajavavAno Avyo te te kSaNe eNe have pachI vigate joIzuM tema niHsaMkocapaNe, niHzeSapaNe bhajavyo-bajavyo che. 1517-18mAM IbrAhImalodIe mevADa para AkramaNa karyuM. saMge eno buMdI pAse bakarola (bakrola) mAM parAjaya karyo. pachI 1518mAM eka rAtre eNe khaTolI (ghaTolI)mAM pharIthI acAnaka AkramaNa karyuM. saMge eno pharIthI parAjaya karyo. paNa A yuddhamAM saMga maraNatola ghavAyo ane eno eka hAtha kapAyo. A yuddhamAM bhojarAja paNa gaMbhIrapaNe ghavAyo. pachI bhojarAja lAMbo samaya have jIvaze nahIM evI zaMkA saune janmI hoya. ethI bhojarAjanuM TUMka samayamAM akALe avasAna thAya to saMga pachI mevADanA vArasa aMgenA AMtaravigraha ane saMgharSano AraMbha thayo. saMge kula aThThAvIsa lagno karyAM hatAM. ene kula agiyAra saMtAno hatAM, cAra putrIo ane bhojarAja sameta sAta putro. bhojarAjanuM jo avasAna thAya to saMga pachI mevADano vAjabI vA2sa jodhapuranA rAThoDakuTuMbanI dhanabAIno ratanasiMha hato. paNa saMgane jodhapuranA rAThoDakuTuMba 52 vizvAsa na hato ethI eNe potAnA vizvAsu sahAyaka buMdInA sUrajamalanI bahena karametanabAInA putro vikramAditya ane udayasiMha pratyeno potAno pakSapAta pragaTa karyo. vaidhavya 1521mAM bhojarAjanuM avasAna thayuM. ane lagnanAM pAMca varSa pachI, trevIsa varSanI vaye, mIrAMne vaidhavya prApta thayuM. mIrAMnAM lagnanI vidhi apUrNa rahI hatI. eNe lagnano svIkAra karyo na hato ane lagna bhogavyuM na hatuM. ethI e satI thAya evo Agraha zakya na hato. jo ke, have pachI mIrAMnAM padanA saMdarbhamAM vigate joIzuM tema, eNe jIvanabhara kSaNe kSaNe jauha2 karyuM hatuM. eNe saMtanAM, saMnyAsinInAM

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316 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 vastro dhAraNa karyAM hoya eTaluM ja nahIM paNa vaidhavya pachI vaidhavyane kAraNe ja nahIM paNa enA saMtajIvananA, bhaktinA jIvananA anivArya ane svAbhAvika vikAsakrama rUpe ja eno vizeSa vairAgya bhAva pragaTa thayo hoya ane bhale rUDhi ane paraMparA pratyeno droha-vidroha emAM hoya paNa anyathA enuM jIvana nirdoSa ane nirupadravI hatuM ethI sisodiyAkuTuMbane saMtoSa thayo hoya ane mIrAMnA jIvana pratyeno sauno virodha zamI gayo hoya. bhojarAjanA avasAna pachI vArasa aMgeno AMtaravigraha ane saMgharSa vadhu ugra thayo. jodhapuranA rAThoDakuTuMbe e kuTuMbanI koI vyaktie, saMganI viruddha SaDayaMtra, kAvatru racyuM. dhanabAIno putra ratanasiMha sagIra hato. ane jo e vArasa siddha thAya to saMgane padabhraSTa karI ratanasiMhane rAjyapade sthApI ratanasiMha ane dhanabAI dvArA, ratanasiMhanA aMgarakSaka tarIke jodhapuranuM mevADa para varcas siddha thAya. A SataMtra gAMgAjInA putra mAladeve ane vizeSa to enA sahAyakoe racyuM hoya. kAraNa ke mAladeva jo ke tyAre agiyAra varSano hato paNa te bAbaranI jema akALe prauDha hoya ane enA sahAyakomAMthI koI vyaktine mevADa para jodhapuranuM varcas siddha karavAnI mahattvAkAMkSA hoya, svayaM mAladevane paNa AvI mahattvAkAMkSA hoya. 1518mAM saMge gogrAmamAM ane 1518-20mAM utta2 mAlavA 52 vijayaprApta karyo, 1520 mAM eNe gujarAta para AkramaNa karyuM. pachI tarata ja mAlavAnA mahammada bIjAe ane gujarAtanA mujhaphphara bIjAe mevADa para saMyukta AkramaNa karyuM. tyAre potAno vijaya pUrvenA yuddhanI jema A yuddhamAM paNa nizcita hato chatAM eno tyAga karIne jodhapuranA A SaDayaMtrane kAraNe emanI sAthe samAdhAna karavuM paDyuM. saMga yuddhabhUmimAMthI Ama ekAeka pAcho pharyo ane jodhapuranA rAThoDakuTuMbe je vidrohI jAgIradArone potAnI viruddha uttejana ApyuM hatuM e saune eNe A yuddhavirAmathI ane pachI potAnI A upasthitithI acAnaka Azcarya ane amUMjhaNano anubhava karAvyo. saMganI sthiti atyaMta nirbala hatI. chatAM eNe e saune potAnAmAM emane vizvAsa che ke nahIM eno nirNaya karavAnuM AhvAna ApyuM ane jo emane vizvAsa na hoya to pote svecchAe nivRtti leze evo prastAva rajU karyo. paNa sadbhAgye bahumati jAgIradAro enA vizvAsu sahAyako hatA ane ethI ene pakSe hatA. pariNAme saMga rAjyapade cAlu to rahyo paNa ene ratanasiMhano vArasa tarIke svIkAra karavo paDyo. ane vidrohI jAgIradArone kSamA ApavI paDI. Ama, jodhapuranA rAThoDakuTuMbanuM saMga viruddhanuM A SaDayaMtra niSphaLa gayuM. enA mULamAM saMbhava che ke mIrAM hatI. 1522mAM A SaDayaMtra yojAyuM tyAre saMga to

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mIcuM 317 mahammada bIjAnA ane mujhaphphara bIjAnA mevADa paranA AkramaNane kA2Ne yuddhabhUmimAM hato. ene A SaDayaMtranI jANa kyAMthI hoya? chatAM e banne AkramaNakAro sAthe samAdhAna karIne yuddhabhUmimAMthI ekAeka pAcho pharyo enuM kAraNa mIrAMe ene A SaDayaMtra aMgenA samAcAra ApyA hoya. paNa mIrAMne A SaDayaMtranI jANa kyAMthI hoya? lagna pachI mIrAMno sAdhusaMta Adi aneka sAmAnya manuSyo sAthenA satata saMparka ane samAgamano AraMbha thayo hato ane vaidhavya pachI eno uttarottara kramekrame dinapratidina vadhu ne vadhu vikAsa thayo hato. A manuSyomAMthI koIe mIrAMne A SaDayaMtranA samAcAra ApyA hoya athavA to A SaDayaMtramAM saMlagna athavA sakriya evI koI vyakie potAnI pApavRtti ane aparAdhavRttinA bhAramAMthI mukta thavA, haLavA thavA sAdhusaMta athavA sAmAnya manuSyanA guptavezamAM mIrAM pAse AvIne hRdaya kholIne ekarAra karyo hoya ane A SaDayaMtranA samAcAra ApyA hoya. guptacaro AdinI sAdhusaMta athavA sAmAnya manuSyonA guptavezamAM AvI pravRtti tyAre pracalita hatI. mIrAM rAjakAraNa AdimAM, alabatta, sakriya na hatI. paNa naitika dRSTie duSTatA, durita athavA asa tattvo sAme sajjanatA, zubha ane sane sahAya karavAno potAno dharma che evI pratItine kAraNe eNe saMgane A SaDayaMtranA samAcAra ApIne, rAjakAraNamAM sakriya bhAga bhajavIne potAno e dharma bajavyo hoya. vaLI mIrAMnA saMga pratyenA apAra mAna-Adarane kAraNe paNa eNe potAno e dharma bajavyo hoya. vaLI A ja samayamAM jodhapuranA rAThoDa kuTuMbe mIrAMnA kAkA meDatAnA vIramadeva 52 AkramaNa karyuM hatuM ane vI2madevane dezavaTo Apyo hato tyAre e kadAcane sAdhusaMta Adi manuSyo dvArA vIramadevanA saMparkamAM hatI. ane sAthesAthe evA ja manuSyo dvArA dilhInA mogala zahenazAha bAbara sAthe paNa saMparkamAM hatI. ane bAbara sAthenA potAnA sadbhAvabharyA vyavahArathI bAbarane samajAvIne bAbara pAsethI vIramadevane dhananI sahAya apAvI hatI. rajapUtonuM eka moTuM majabUta rAjya na thAya e hetuthI paNa bAbare A sahAya ApI hoya ane piraNAme jodhapuranA rAThoDakuTuMbanuM vIramadeva paranuM AkramaNa niSphaLa gayuM hatuM. enA mULamAM paNa saMbhava che ke mIrAM hatI. mIrAMnI A pravRttione kAraNe jodhapuranA rAThoDakuTuMbe, have pachI kaMIka vigate joIzuM tema, haMmeza mATe mIrAM pratye zaMkA ane bhayanI lAgaNI anubhavI hatI ane vera bAMdhyuM hatuM. paNa A ja pravRttione kAraNe saMge haMmeza mATe mIrAM pratye mAna, Adara ane kRtajJatAnI lAgaNI anubhavI hatI ane e mIrAMnA jIvanane sarvadA ane sarvathA vadhu ne vadhu anukULa thayo hato. bhojarAjanuM akALa avasAna na thayuM hota ane bAbara sAmenA yuddhamAM saMgano parAjaya na thayo hota to mevADano

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318 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ane mIrAMnA jIvanano itihAsa kaMIka judo ja hota! 1521mAM bhojarAjanA avasAna ane 1527mAM saMganA avasAna vacceno samaya mIrAMnA jIvanamAM sauthI vadhu bAhya zAMtino samaya hato. lagna pachI sAdhusaMta ane asaMkhya sAmAnya manuSyo sAthenA enA saMparka ane samAgamano AraMbha thayo hato teno uttarottara krame krame dinapratidina vadhune vadhu vikAsa thayo. vaidhavya pachI je rAjyapradeza ene prApta thayo hato enA prajAjanonAM praznomAM, sukhaduHkhamAM eno aMgata ane AtmIya evo sakriya rasa hato. eka jIrNa prAsAdamAM, prAsAdanA khaMDamAM eno svataMtra nivAsa hato. ene svataMtra dAsadAsIonI sagavaDa ane potAnA pradezanI svataMtra Avaka hatI. dAna, sevA Adi sAmAjika pravRttio ane bhajanakIrtanazravaNa Adi AdhyAtmika, dhArmika pravRttiomAM e ramamANa hatI. A ja samayamAM, 152427nI vacamAM jhAlIrANI ratanakuMvaranuM avasAna thayuM. ethI enA avasAna pachI enI sau pravRttio jIvaMta rahe e hetuthI eno kAryabhAra paNa mIrAMe enI pratyenA RNane kAraNe hRdayapUrvaka svIkAryo hato. je aNasamaja athavA gerasamajane kAraNe miyAMno malhAra'ne nAme pracalita che paNa mIrAMno malhAra'ne nAme pracalita hovo joIe te malhAra rAganuM mIrAMe A samayamAM maulika sarjana karyuM. sau prathama padamIrAMe rAjasthAnI, vraja ane gujarAtI ema traNa bhASAmAM pada racyAM hoya to rAjasthAnI bhASAmAM keTalAMka pada-nuM mIrAMe A samayamAM sarjana karyuM. trAsa 1527mAM bAbara sAthenA yuddhamAM saMgano parAjaya thayo, ane saMganA sahAyaka mIrAMnA pitA ratanasiMhanuM yuddhamAM avasAna thayuM. saMga bAbara pAsethI caMderI jItavA jato hato tyAre raNathaMbhorathI mAMDalagaDhanA mArga para IrIca pAse jodhapurapakSI koI pradhAne athavA koI vyaktie saMgane viSa ApyuM ane saMganuM avasAna thayuM. 1528mAM dhanabAIno putra ratanasiMha mevADanA rAjyapade Avyo. buMdIno sUrajamala, raNathaMbhoranI karametanabAI ane enA be putro vikramAditya ane udayasiMha jodhapuranA rAThoDakuTuMba, dhanabAI ane ratanasiMhanA pratispardhIo hatAM. ethI ratanasiMhe emane ane emanA sahAyakone ane sAthe sAthe mIrAMne paNa trAsa ApavAno AraMbha karyo. mIrAM vidhavA hatI, niHsaMtAna hatI. mevADanA vArasa mATenA ane mevADa paranA varcas mATenA AMtaravigraha ane saMgharSamAM sakriya nahatI. paNa mIrAM meDatAnI rAjakuMvarI hatI ane meDatA jodhapuranI viruddha mevADane pakSe hatuM. vaLI mIrAM parAjita pakSanI sabhya hatI. vaLI jodhapuranA mevADa sAmenA SaDayaMtranI ane meDatA paranA AkramaNanI niSphaLatAnuM

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mIcuM 319 mULa mIrAM hatI. ethI jodhapurane mIrAM pratye haMmezA mATenuM jUnuM vera hatuM. vaLI enI pratye haMmeza mATenI zaMkA hatI ane bhaviSyamAM eno paNa bhaya hato. ethI ratanasiMhe mIrAMne trAsa ApavAno AraMbha karyo ane mIrAMno hrAsa karavAno ane aMte nAza karavAno prayatna karyo. janazrutimAM ema che ke mIrAMnA diyare mIrAMne dhArmika kA2Ne trAsa Apyo hato. sAcuM che ke mIrAMnA be diyare-ratanasiMhe ane have pachI vigate joIzuM tema vikramAditye mIrAMne trAsa Apyo hato. paNa te dhArmika kAraNe nahIM-jodhapuranA rAThoDakuTuMbane, dhanabAIne ane ratanasiMhane dharmamAM 2sa na hato- paNa rAjakIya kAraNe. saMbhava che ke emAM dharma mAtra bahAnuM hoya. mIrAM pratyeno A trAsa rAjakIya hato. ratanasiMhe AraMbhamAM ja mIrAMne enA svataMtra rAjaprAsAdamAMthI dUra karI, enA svataMtra dAsadAsIonI saMkhyAmAM ane enI svataMtra AvakanI rakamamAM moTo kApa mUkI, be dAsIonI najarabaMdhI nIce ekAntavAsa-kaho ke kArAvAsa Apyo. jo ke TUMka samayamAM ja mIrAMe A banne dAsIonuM hRdaya jItI lIdhuM hatuM. janazrutimAM ema che ke rANAe prathama viSadhara nAga mokalyo hato ane pachI sisodiyA-kuTuMbanI kuladevI durgA--kAlInA balinA rudhirathI mizrita evuM viSa mokalyuM hatuM ane mIrAMnA jIvanano aMta lAvavAno prayatna karyo hato. paNa camatkArone kAraNe mIrAM surakSita rahI hatI. A rANo te ratanasiMha. A samayamAM nAgapreSaNa ane viSleSaNa pracalita hatuM. eTale ratanasiMhe mIrAM paranA trAsanI parAkASThArUpe mIrAMne prathama phUlanI chAbamAM phUlane bahAne viSadhara nAga mokalavAnI sevako ane anucarone AjJA ApI haze. chatAM mIrAMnA jIvanano aMta na Avyo. janazrutimAM ema che ke camatkArone kAraNe mIrAMnA jIvanano aMta na Avyo paNa saMbhava che ke asaMkhya manuSyo-ratanasiMhanA sevako ane anucaro suddhAM-nAM hRdayamAM mIrAM pratye apAra prema hato ethI mIrAMnA jIvanano aMta na ja Avavo joIe evI ratanasiMhanA sevako ane anucaronA hRdayamAM tIvra lAgaNI hovI joIe ane ethI emaNe mIrAMne viSadhara nahIM paNa nirviSa nAga ane viSa nahIM paNa koI nirdoSa peya padArtha mokalyo hovo joIe. ane ratanasiMhanA roSathI bacavA mATe nAga phUlahAra thayo ane viSa caraNAmRta thayuM-ema camatkArone kA2Ne mIrAMnA jIvanano aMta na Avyo ema pracAra karyo hovo joIe. mIrAMnA prabhumaya jIvananI asaMkhya manuSyonAM hRdaya para koI akalpya jAdUI bhUkI, apUrva mohinI hatI ane ethI asaMkhya manuSyonAM hRdayamAM mIrAM pratye apAra prema hato. ane A premane pariNAme Ama thayuM hovuM joIe. A prema camatkArono camatkAra che. prema jevo koI camatkAra nathI. Ama, A camatkAra

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320 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa - 1 te A premAM A ja samayamAM, 1531mAM buMdI pAse aheriyAnA utsavaprasaMge zikAre jatAM, kadAca ratanasiMha TUMka samayamAM buMdI para AkramaNa kare evI zaMkAthI, sUrajamale ratanasiMha para kaTArathI ghA karyo ane tyAre ratanasiMhe sUrajamala para kaTArathI sAmo ghA karyo. emAM sUrajamala ane ratanasiMha bannenuM avasAna thayuM. Ama, ratanasiMha mIrAMne vadhu trAsa Ape ane mIrAMnA jIvanano aMta lAve te pUrve ja ratanasiMhanuM hatyAthI avasAna thayuM ane mIrAM ratanasiMhanA trAsamAMthI bacI ane surakSita rahI hatI. vadhu trAsa, mevADatyAga ratanasiMhanI hatyA pachI karaNetanabAIno cauda varSanI vayano moTo putra vikramAditya rAjyapade Avyo. ratanasiMhanA rAjyakALamAM karametanabAI ane mIrAM bannene ratanasiMhe trAsa Apyo hato. banne samadukhiyAM hatAM. svAbhAvika ja karametanabAIne mIrAM pratye samasaMvedana ane sahAnubhUti hoya. ethI jyAre karametanabAIno putra rAjyapade Ave tyAre mIrAMnA trAsano haMmeza mATe aMta Avavo joIe. paNa vidhivakratA e che ke vikramAditye mIrAMne ratanasiMha jeTalo trAsa Apyo hato ethI keTaloya vadhu trAsa Apyo. vikramAditya aiNa, svacchaMdI, svecchAcArI ane vyabhicArI hato. enA para enA sahAyako-savizeSa pRthvIrAjanA anaurasa putra vanavIranuM varcasa hatuM. vanavara mahatvAkAMkSI ane rAjyapadeGga hato. pachIthI e vikramAdityanI hatyA karIne mevADanA rAjyapade Avyo hato. ethI mIrAM pratye ene zaMkA hatI ane bhaviSyamAM mIrAMno ene bhaya hato. ethI enI uttejanAthI vikramAditye mIrAMne trAsa ApavAno AraMbha karyo. mIrAM meDatAnI rAjakuMvarI hatI ane eNe saMga ane vIramadevane sahAya ApI hatI ethI nahIM paNa e mevADanA aMtaHpuramAM eka agraNI ane sauthI vadhu lokapriya strI hatI ethI ene trAsa ApavAmAM Avyo. janakRtimAM ema che ke rANAe mIrAMno ziraccheda karavAno ane mIrAMnA jIvanano aMta lAvavAno prayatna karyo hato paNa camatkArone kAraNe mIrAM surakSita rahI hatI. A rANo te vikramAditya. vikramAditye mIrAMno ziraccheda karavAnI sevako ane anucarone AjJA ApI haze. paNa mIrAMno ziraccheda na thayo, camatkArane kAraNe nahIM, paNa AgaLa jaNAvyuM te kAraNe ane sAthe ziracchedathI to strIhatyAnuM pApa lAge e kAraNe koI sevaka athavA anucara A AjJAnuM pAlana karavA, AvuM duHsAhasa karavA taiyAra nahIM hoya. Ama, mIrAMnA jIvanano aMta na Avyo ethI vadhu roSamAM AvIne

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mIe 321 pachI vikramAditye jalasamAdhithI mIrAMnA jIvanano aMta Ave to ene AtmahatyA lekhe prasiddha karI zakAya e hetuthI svayaM mIrAMne jalasamAdhi levAnI AjJA karI hatI. paNa saMnyAsinInAM vastro dhAraNa karatI hatI ethI kadAca A vastrone kAraNe mIrAM jalasamAdhi prasaMge surakSita rahI hatI. A jalasamAdhino anubhava e mIrAM pratyenA sAma, dAma, bheda, daMDa sarva prakAranA trAsanA anubhavonI aMtima parAkASThA hatI. ethI 153ramAM soLa varSanA mevADavAsa pachI cotrIsa varSanI vaye mIrAMe mevADatyAga karyo. viramadevane mIrAM pratyenA trAsanI, mIrAMnuM jIvana bhayamAM che enI mAhitI hoya ane e mevADa Avyo hoya ane mIrAMe enI sAthe mevADamAMthI vidAya lIdhI hoya athavA svataMtrapaNe eNe mevADatyAgano nirNaya lIdho hoya, paNa 1532mAM mIrAM mevADatyAga karIne meDatAmAM AvIne vasI hatI. meDatAvAsa, meDatAtyAga 1527mAM saMganA avasAna ane 1532mAM svecchAe mevADatyAga vaccenA ratanasiMha ane vikramAdityanA trAsanA samayamAM mIrAMe mevADanA rAjarANIpadano tyAga karIne saMnyAsinInAM vastro pUrNapaNe dhAraNa karyA hatAM. aneka saMtonI jema bhajanakIrtana dvArA potAno jIvananirvAha karyo hato ane pUrve kadI nahIM karyo hoya eTalA pramANamAM sAdhusaMto ane anya asaMkhya manuSyono saMparka ane samAgama karyo hato. have 1532mAM meDatAmAM AvIne vasI tyAre paNa eNe mevADamAM e je jIvana jIvatI hatI e ja jIvana satata jIvavAnuM karyuM. meDatAmAM vIramadevano ekano eka putra jayamala paNa AvuM ja saMtanuM jIvana jIvato hato. mIrAM pratye enI sahAnubhUti haze chatAM AvA jIvanathI kadAca vIramadevane AghAta thAya athavA meDatAmAM enA astitvane kAraNe bhaviSyamAM kadAca jodhapuranuM rAThoDakuTuMba enI pratyenA haMmeza mATenA jUnA verane kAraNe ene Azraya ApanAra vIramadevane upadrava kare athavA vIramadeva para AkramaNa kare e bhaya ane zaMkAne kAraNe mIrAMe vIramadevanA hitamAM 1533mAM, eka ja varSamAM, meDatAtyAga karyo. A ja samayamAM 13ramAM ane 1533mAM ema be vAra gujarAtanA bahAdurazAhe mevADa para AkramaNa karyuM ethI mevADa atyaMta nirbaLa thayuM hatuM. vRAvanavAsa, vRndAvanatyAga 1533mAM meDatAtyAga pachI mIrAM kRSNanI janmabhUmimAM yAtrA karavAnI tIvra IcchA haze ethI vRndAvanamAM AvIne vasI hatI. ahIM jIvA gosAMI ane mIrAMnuM milana

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322 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 thayuM. A milana prasiddha che. 1510mAM caitanya emanA cha ziSyonI sAthe vRndAvanayAtrAe gayA hatA. caitanye emanA keTalAka ziSyone vRndAvanamAM vasavAnuM kahyuM ethI je ziSyo tyAM vasyA emAM jIvA gosAMI eka hatA. caitanye jJAtijAti Adi sAmAjika bhedo dUra karavAno prayatna karyo hato. paNa emanA ziSyo TUMka samayamAM ja rUDhicusta mAnasa dharAvatA ane potAne gosAMI kahetA-kahevaDAvatA thayA hatA. jyAre mIrAMe jIvA gosAMIne maLavAnI icchA jaNAvI tyAre jIvA gosAMie mIrAM to strI che ane pote koI strIne maLatA nathI ethI mIrAMne nahIM maLI zake evo pratyuttara pAThavyo. tyAre mIrAMe jIvA gosAMIne, eka prasiddha ane pratiSThita dharmanetAne emanI pratye saMpUrNa mAna-Adara sahita paNa saMkoca ke bhaya vinA emanA ja guru cetanyanA gopIbhAvanuM spaSTa ane sacoTa smaraNa karAvyuM hatuM ke mIrAMnA zabdo to astitvamAM nathI paNa bhAgavatakAranA zabdomAM 'vAsuveva: pumAna : strImayam phataram nAt' athavA dayArAmanA zabdomAM Aja lagI huM ema jANatI je vrajamAM kRSNa puruSa che eka, vrajamAM vasI haju puruSa rahyA cho temAM dhanya tamAro viveka'. A eka ja vAkyamAM mIrAMnI mArmikatA ane sUkSmatAnuM, sUjhasamaja ane sAhasikatAnuM, nIDaratA ane niraMkuzatAnuM, nikhAlasatA ane nirdoSatAnuM, vakratA ane vedhakatAnuM, AtmazraddhA ane AtmapratItinuM, enAM hAsya ane kaTAkSanuM, svamAna ane svAtaMtryanuM darzana thAya che. mIrAM, have pachI mIrAMnAM padanA saMdarbhamAM vigate joIzuM tema, koI saMpradAya, paMtha, mArga, mata, vAda AdimAM rahI na hatI. kAraNa A svataMtra mijAjanI strI koI saMpradAya AdimAM rahI zake nahIM. mIrAMnA A zabdothI potAnA avivekanuM jJAna thayuM ethI aMte jIvA gosAMI ane mIrAMnuM milana thayuM. A samayamAM mIrAMe- rAjasthAna, vraja, gujarAtI ema traNa bhASAmAM pada racyAM hoya to vraja bhASAmAM keTalAMka padanuM sarjana karyuM. bhikSukarUpe pada-bhajanakIrtanathI potAno udanirvAha karyo. jIvA gosAMIno anubhava sUcave che tema A samayamAM uttara bhAratamAM caitanya, vallabha, rAmAnaMda-sau saMpradAya, paMtha, mArga ke matamAM saMkucitatA, asahiSNutA, aham, jaDatA Adino, dharmanA trAsano ane A samayamAM vRndAvana ane AsapAsanA pradezamAM mogalonuM AkramaNa thayuM hatuM ethI AMtaravigraha, saMgharSa, arAjakatA Adino, rAjakIya trAsano mIrAMne anubhava thayo haze. mIrAM mATe vRndAvanamAM zAMtithI potAnuM prabhumaya jIvana jIvavuM azakaya haze. ethI 1536mAM mIrAMe vRndAvanatyAga karyo. A sayamAM 1534mAM gujarAtanA bahAdurazAhe mevADa para trIjuM AkramaNa karyuM hatuM. ane 1535mAM citoDanuM patana thayuM hatuM. A samayamAM meDatAmAM vIramadeve ajame2 52 vijaya prApta karyo hato. paNa vIramadevanuM keTaluMka sainya mevADanI sahAya

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mIga 323 mATe citoDamAM hatuM. Ama, viramadevanuM sainya vibhAjita hatuM ethI 1535mAM jodhapuranA mAladeve meDatA para AkramaNa karyuM ane vIramadevane dezavaTo Apyo hato. ethI mIrAM vRndAvanatyAga pachI meDatAmAM ke mevADamAM vasI na hatI. paNa 1537mAM mIrAM dvArikA AvIne vasI hatI. dvArikA e meDatA, mevADa, vRndAvanathI dUra hatuM, bhAratavarSanA eka khUNAmAM hatuM. ethI pote tyAM nirupadrava, nirvikSepa, nirvighna jIvana jIvI zakaze evuM mIrAMne lAgyuM hoya. vaLI mevADamAM hatI tyAre saurASTranA hAlavADanI rAjakuMvarI jhAlIrANI ratanakuMvara pAsethI eNe dvArikA vize ane savizeSa to saurASTranA narasiMha mahetA vize aneka kathAo sAMbhaLI haze. ane narasiMhanuM jIvana ane kArya mIrAMne potAnA AdarzarUpa lAgyuM haze. vaLI jemaNe rukimaNIharaNa karyuM hatuM tathA jemane bhAratavarSanI ekatAnuM darzana hatuM ane e ekatA siddha karavA jIvanabhara jemaNe karma karyuM hatuM evA mahAbhAratanA karmavIra yogezvara ane gItAkAra kRSNa mIrAMnA jIvananA A stabaka mIrAMnA parama ane carama AdarzarUpa haze. ane kRSNa paNa aMte dvArikA AvIne vasyA hatA. A ane AvAM kAraNothI mIrAM vRndAvanatyAga pachI dvArikA AvIne vasI hatI. dvArikAvAsa, dvArikAtyAga 1536mAM mIrAM dvArikA AvIne vasI pachI mahammada begaDAe 1473 dvArikAnA raNachoDajInA maMdiranuM khaMDana karyuM hatuM teno jIrNoddhAra karAvyo. saurASTra para keTaloka samaya gujarAtanA sulatAnonuM varcas hatuM. pachI 1535mAM humAyue gujarAta para AkramaNa karyuM ane gujarAtanA sulatAno nirbaLa thayA ethI 1537mAM kaccha, okhA Adi saurASTranAM rAjyo pharIthI svataMtra thayAM hatAM. ethI pote strI hovA chatAM dvArikAmAMthI samagra samAjavyApI mahAna AdhyAtmika-dhArmika sAhasa karI zakaze evuM AraMbhamAM mIrAMne lAgyuM haze. paNa saurASTranA rAjAo krUra ane kapaTI hatA ane prajA pachAta ane prAkRta hatI. ethI mIrAM AvuM koI sAhasa karI zakI nahIM hoya. A samayamAM, mIrAMe-rAjasthAnI, vraja, gujarAtI ema traNa bhASAmAM pada racyAM hoya to gujarAtI bhASAmAM-keTalAMka padanuM sarjana karyuM. A samayamAM mevADamAM 1536mAM vanavIre vikramAdityanI hatyA karI ethI vikramAdityano nAno bhAI udayasiMha citoDano tyAga karI kuMbhalagaDha AvIne vasyo. 1537mAM eno citoDanA vArasa tarIke svIkAra thayo. meDatAnA vIramadeve 1537 ane 154ranI vacce ene citoDa prApta karavAmAM satata sahAya ApI hatI. ethI eNe 1540mAM vanavIrane dUra karyo ane 154ramAM udayasiMha mevADanA rAjyapade Avyo. 1543mAM zerazAhe

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324 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 citoDa para AkramaNa karyuM. tyAre vIramadeva zerazAhane pakSe rahyo ane meDatAnA rAjyapade punaHpratiSThita thayo. 1543 thI 1547 lagI citoDa zerazAha ane ahvAnonA varcasmAM hatuM. 1546 lagI udayasiMha mAtra kuMbhalagaDhanA rAjyapade ja rahyo. 1546mAM udayasiMhe prajAnA saMpUrNa sahakArathI cittoDa para AkramaNa karIne aphaghAno pAsethI cittoDa prApta karavAno nirNaya karyo. paNa ratanasiMha ane vikramAditye mIrAMne trAsa Apyo hato. e pApanA phLarUpe ratanasiMha ane vikramAdityanuM hatyAthI avasAna thayuM hatuM ane mevADanuM adhaHpatana ane citoDanuM patana thayuM hatuM ema e pote ane mevADanI samagra prajA mAnatI hoya. mevADanI samagra prajAne mIrAM pratye apAra prema hato. enA hRdayamAM AraMbhathI ja mIrAMnuM premabharyuM sthAna hatuM. ethI mIrAMnI mevADamAM punaHpratiSThA thAya to ja pApanuM prAyazcita thAya ema e pote ane mevADanI samagra prajA mAnatI hoya. ane to ja potAne prajAno saMpUrNa sahakAra prApta thAya. vaLI mevADamAM mIrAMnI punaHpratiSThA thAya to mIrAM senTa jonanI jema prajAnuM netRtva kare ane prajAne preraNA Ape ane citoDa para AkramaNa kare to aphaghAno pAsethI citoDa prApta thAya. AthI 1546mAM udayasiMhanI AjJAthI enA pratinidhirUpa keTalAka brAhmaNo mIrAMne mevADa pAchA padhAravAnI prArthanA karavA dvArikA AvyA. mIrAMe emanI prArthanAno svIkAra na karyo. mIrAMe mevADano haMmeza mATe tyAga karyo hato. ane e A prakAranA sattA mATe spardhA, saMgharSa, AMtaravigraha AdinA rAjakAraNamAM bhUtakALamAM kadI sakriya na hatI ane A kSaNe ke bhaviSyamAM kadI sakriya thavAnI ene icchA na hatI. paNa mIrAMe emanI prArthanAno asvIkAra karyo eTale emaNe mIrAMnI sAme upavAsano AraMbha karyo. A dharmasaMkaTamAM mIrAMe kRSNa anumati Ape to pote emanI prArthanAno svIkAra kare ane mevADa pAchI Ave evA prastAva sAthe paNa hRdayamAM dvArikAtyAganA nirNaya sAthe maMdiranA garbhadvAramAM ekAntamAM saMnyAsinInAM vastro dvArikAmAM potAnuM jIvanakArya pUrNa thayuM che enA pratIkarUpe kRSNanI mUrtinI samakSa arpaNa karIne ajJAtavAsanAM vastro dhAraNa karIne dvArikAtyAga karyo. janazrutimAM ema che ke tyAre mIrAM kRSNanI mUrtimAM camatkArathI sAyujya mukti pAmI hatI. paNa saMbhava che ke jyAre brAhmaNoe jANyuM ke mIrAMe dvArikAtyAga karyo che tyAre udayasiMhanA roSathI bacavA mATe mIrAM to kRSNanI mUrtimAM sAyujya mukti pAmI che, camatkAra thayo che evo emaNe pracAra karyo hoya. 1546mAM dvArikAtyAga pachI 1563-65mAM avasAna lagI mIrAM ApaNA yugamAM greTA gArbonI jema ajJAtavAsamAM adRzya hatI, eNe potAno samasta bhUtakALa bhUMsyo hato, potAnuM samagra vyaktitva lopyuM hatuM. A ja sAcI sAyujyamukti!

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mIrca 325 A ja camatkAra ! eka prasiddha ane atyaMta lokapriya vyakti jIvananAM aMtima vIseka jeTalAM varSo lagI ajJAtavAsamAM adRzya thAya, potAno samasta bhUtakALa bhUMse, potAnuM samagra vyaktitva lope e muktinI mukti che. e sAyujamukti che. e camatkArono camatkA2 che. ajJAtavAsa, dakSiNabhArata yAtrA 1546thI lagabhaga 1556 lagI daseka varSa lagI, mIrAM caitanya ane vallabhAcAryanI jema, dakSiNa bhAratanI, dakSiNa bhAratanA tIrthasthAnonI, rAmAnaMda, rAmAnuja, madhya ane nimbArka tathA aneka saMtonI janmabhUminI yAtrAe hoya. mevADathI dvArikA dUra hatuM chatAM udayasiMhanI AjJAthI brAhmaNo enI pUMThe pUMThe AvyA ane upadrava thayo. dvArikAthI paNa dUra, mevADathI, uttara bhAratathI atidUra dakSiNa bhAratamAM jAya to tyAM nirupadrava, nirvikSepa, nirvighna jIvana jIvI zakAya, ajJAtavAsa zakya thAya evuM mIrAMne lAgyuM hoya. ajJAtavAsa, uttarabhAratayAtrA 1556nI AsapAsa mIrAMe pUrva bhAratanAM tIrthasthAnonI, jayadeva, vidyApati, caMDIdAsa ane caitanyanI janmabhUminI yAtrAno AraMbha karyo hoya. pachI eNe pUrva sImAethI uttara bhAratamAM praveza karyo hoya, ane e prathama baMdhogaDhamAM AvIne vasI hoya. baMdhogaDhano rAjA rAmacaMdra vAghelA kavitA-kalA-rasika hato. eNe tAnasenane rAjyagAyakanuM pada arpaNa karyuM hatuM. ahIM tAnasena ane mIrAMnuM milana thayuM hoya, vaLI citrakUTa baMdhogaDhanI nikaTa hatuM. citrakUTamAM tulasIdAsanI sAdhanAno A samaya hato. ahIM yuvAna tulasIdAsa ane madhya vayanI mIrAMnuM milana thayuM hoya. aMte mIrAM aMbaramAM AvIne vasI hoya. aMbarano rAjA bhagavAnadAsa enA pitA bihArImala ane pUrvajonI dharma ane samAja aMgenI uttama paraMparA pramANeno Adarza rAjA hato. mAnasiMha bhagavAnadAsano pAlakaputra hato. 1562 lagI bIrabala bhagavAnadAsano rAjakavi hato. ahIM mAnasiMha ane mIrAMnuM tathA bIrabala ane mIrAMnuM milana thayuM hoya. pachIthI mAnasiMha mIrAMnA ziSya jevo thayo hato. 1568mAM akabare citoDa para AkramaNa karyuM ane vijaya prApta karyo tyAre mAnasiMhe citoDamAM mIrAMnI je aMgata kRSNanI mUrti hatI enuM rakSaNa karyuM hatuM ane pachI aMbaramAM bhagavAnadAsa ane mAnasiMhe jagataziromaNijInuM maMdira baMdhAvIne emAM e mUrtinuM sthApana karyuM hatuM. 1562mAM akabara mogala zahenazAha tarIke dilhInA rAjayapade Avyo. pachI tarata ja akabara ane mIrAMnuM milana thayuM hoya. janazrutimAM ema

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326 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 che ke tAnasena, tulasIdAsa, mAnasiMha, bIrabala ane akabara sAthe mIrAMnuM milana thayuM hatuM. 1562mAM akabara rAjyapade Avyo te pUrve akabara ane mIrAMnuM milana azakaya hatuM. eTale 1562 pachI tarata ja A milana zakya thayuM. to mIrAM 1562 pachI be-traNa varSa lagI vidyamAna hatI. eTale ke 1563-65 mAM mIrAMnuM avasAna thayuM hoya. AgaLa noMdhyuM tema janazrutimAM ema paNa che ke udayasiMhanI AjJAthI brAhmaNo mIrAMne mevADa pAchA padhAravAnI vinaMtI karavA AvyA tyAre dvArikAmAM mIrAM sAyujya mukti pAmI hatI. eTale ke tyAre 1546mAM mIrAMnuM avasAna thayuM hatuM. jo 1546mAM mIrAMnuM avasAna thayuM hoya to anya janazrutimAM ema che ke akabara ane mIrAMnuM milana thayuM hatuM te milana zakya ja nathI. jo ke vaLI anya eka janazrutimAM ema paNa che ke mIrAM dIrghAyuSI hatI ane 65-67 varSanI vaye enuM avasAna thayuM hatuM. ethI ja 1546mAM nahIM paNa 1563-65mAM mIrAMnuM avasAna thayuM hoya. 1563-65 lagI mIrAM vidyamAna hoya to ja 1562 pachI tarata ja akabara ane mIrAMnuM milana zakya thAya. ane A milana uttara bhAratamAM ja thayuM hoya. eTale ke mIrAM 1562 pachI uttara bhAratamAM hatI. 1546mAM dvArikAmAM mIrAMnuM avasAna na thayuM hoya paNa mIrAMno dvArikAtyAga ane tyAra pachI 156365 lagI eno ajJAtavAsa thayo hoya. AgaLa noMdhyuM tema 1546mAM dvArikAtyAga pachI ajJAtavAsanAM prathama daseka varSa e dakSiNa bhAratanI yAtrAe hoya (nahIM to e kyAM hoya?) ane ajJAtavAsanAM aMtima daseka varSa e uttara bhAratamAM AvIne vasI hoya. jema mIrAMnA janmanI tithi 1498 gaNavAmAM Ave to ja mIrAMnA janazrutimAM che te aMgata jIvananA pUrvArdhanA prasaMgo ane meDatA-mevADanA itihAsanA prasaMgo vacce meLa maLe che tema mIrAMnA avasAnanI tithi 1563-65 gaNavAmAM Ave to ja mIrAMnA janazrutimAM che te aMgata jIvananA uttarArdhamAM akabara ane mIrAMnuM je milana thayuM eno meLa maLe che. vaLI jUnuM to thayuM re devaLa' padanuM mIrAMnuM kartRtva Aja lagI niHzaMka che. A padanA saMdarbhamAM 1546mAM mIrAMnuM avasAna hoya ja nahIM ane bhAgye ja kahevAnuM hoya ke mIrAM jevI vyaktine akALe vRddhatva hoya ja nahIM. vaLI pote vRddha na hoya chatAM vRddhatva vize pada race eTale ke lakhavA khAtara kazuMya lakhe e mIrAM nahIM. ethI A padanA saMdarbhamAM vRddha thayA pachI eTale ke 1563-65mAM pAMsaTha-saDasaTha varSanI vaye mIrAMnuM avasAna thayuM hoya. 1546mAM aDatAlIsa varSanI vaye mIrAMnuM avasAna ane A padano meLa maLato nathI. jyAre 1563-65mAM pAMsaTha-saDasaTha varSanI vaye mIrAMnuM avasAna ane A padano meLa maLe che.

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mIrAM 327 avasAna akabara nAnapaNathI dharmajijJAsu ane dharmaparAyaNa hato. ene aneka dharmapuruSone, aneka dharmanA puruSone maLavAno tIvra rasa hato. ethI 156 ramAM rAjyapade Avyo pachI e mIrAMne maLyo hoya. mIrAM tyAre ajJAtavAsamAM hatI. mIrAM mIrAMne nAmerUpe prasiddha na hatI. mIrAMnA koI aMtevAsI dvArA akabarane mIrAM vize jANavA maLyuM hoya. akabara pote paNa gupta veze mIrAMne maLyo hato. paNa aMtevAsI dvArA anya vyakti vize pratyekane pUrNa mAhitI hatI. aMbaranA bhagavAnadAse svecchAe aneka hindu rAjAono virodha hato chatAM potAnI bahenanuM akabara sAthe lagna karyuM hatuM. emAM kadAca mIrAMnI preraNA hoya. akabaranI A sauthI prathama, sauthI priya ane sauthI vadhu prabhAvazALI patnI hatI. A lagna koI mahAna rahasyamaya saMketarUpa hatuM ane enA pariNAme eka mahAna avatArI puruSa putrarUpe pragaTa thavAno che ema akabara mAnato hato. akabare ene mariyama-ajha-jamAnInuM nAma ApyuM hatuM e mIrAMnI ziSyA jevI hatI. salIma (jahAMgIra)no janma eka mahAna avatArI puruSanA janmarUpa hoya ema muslIma itihAsamAM advitIya evo eno utsava ujavAyo hato. salImanuM lagna aMbaranA hindu rAjA bhagavAnadAsanI putrI jodhAbAI sAthe thayuM hatuM. ane jodhAbAIe mIrAMe jenI maulika kalpanA karI hatI te jagatagosAMInI'nuM biruda dhAraNa karyuM hatuM. akabare bhAratanA itihAsamAM eka mahAna AdarzarUpa dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjakIya darzana dIna-I-IlAhI pragaTa karyuM ane ene vAstavamAM siddha karavAno saMpUrNa sakriya puruSArtha karyo. akabara rAjyapade Avyo pachI tarata ja akabara ane mIrAMnuM je milana thayuM emAM mIrAMe akabarane A darzana bheTa dharyuM hatuM. mIrAM saMta hatI paNa sAthesAthe meDatAnI rAjakuMvarI ane mevADanI bhAvi mahArANI hatI ethI aneka saMtonA jIvanamAM thayuM che tema enuM jIvana samakAlIna rAjakIya jIvana sAthe saMDovAyuM hatuM, anivAryapaNe ane avicchedyapaNe saMDovAyuM hatuM. eNe aMgata jIvanamAM AraMbhamAM sAmAjika ane aMte rAjakIya trAsano, avarNanIya ane asAdhAraNa trAsano anubhava karyo hato. kaMIka aMze dhArmika trAsano paNa anubhava karyo hato. paNa ethI ye vizeSa to aneka mRtyu, aneka hatyA, dezavaTo, jauhara, aneka rAjyazAsano, aneka AMtaravigraho, aneka AkramaNo, aneka spardhAo, aneka saMgharSo Adi samAja ane rAjyanI, saMsAranI karuNatAnI e karuNAmaya sAkSI hatI. A sau anubhavonA ane anubhavonA mananaciMtananA slarUpe mIrAMne A darzana thayuM hatuM. hindu-muslimanAM paraspara lagna, jJAtijAti-dharma-saMpradAyanA abheda Adi dvArA rAjakIya ane sAmAjika saMvAda ane sumeLa, dharma ane rAjya vacce saMvAda

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328 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa- 1 ane sumeLa ane e dvArA bhAratavarSanI rAjakIya, sAmAjika sthiratA ane AdhyAtmika, dhArmika ekatAnuM A darzana hatuM. maitrI, prema ane zAMtinuM A darzana hatuM. bhagavAnadAsa, mAnasiMha, akabara jevA rAjapuruSonuM, bIrabala jevA kavinuM, tAnasena jevA saMgItakAranuM ane tulasIdAsa jevA saMta-sAdhunuM mIrAM sAthe milana thAya emAM mIrAMnI sarvatomukhI pratibhAnuM darzana thAya che. pachIthI bhagavAnadAsa, mariyama ane bIrabale je bodha-upadeza Apyo, mAnasiMhe senApati tarIke je puruSArtha karyo, tAnasene hindumuslIma saMgItanuM je sarjana karyuM ane tulasIdAse rAmabhakti dvArA rAmarAjyanuM je svapna sevyuM e saumAM mIrAMnI preraNA hatI. sauthI vizeSa to akabare A samayamAM 156 mAM meDatA para ane 1568mAM mevADa para AkramaNa karyuM hatuM ane vijaya prApta karyo hato ane tyAra pachI potAnI samAja, rAjya ane dharma aMgenI mahAna nItirIti dvArA bhAratavarSanI rAjakIya-sAmAjika sthiratAnuM ane AdhyAtmika-dhArmika ekatAnuM mIrAMnuM A svapna vAstavamAM siddha karyuM hatuM. 1563-65mAM pAMsaTha-aDasaTha varSanI vaye mIrAMnuM avasAna thayuM. pachI 16 23mAM mariyama-ujha-jhamAnInuM avasAna thayuM ane tyAra pachI tarata ja 16 29mAM mogala samrATomAM vaira ane dveSane kAraNe mIrAMnuM A darzana madhyayuganA bhAratavarSanA itihAsamAMthI adRzya thayuM. A darzana mIrAMnI pUrve mahAbhAratanA kRSNane hatuM ane mIrAMnI pachI ApaNA yugamAM mahAtmA gAMdhIne hatuM. mIrAM mAtra saMta na hatI paNa kRSNa ane gAMdhInI jema bhAratavarSanA ItihAsanI eka virala vibhUti hatI. nAnapaNamAM paramezvarano anubhava mIrAMne nAnapaNamAM ja paramezvarano anubhava thayo hato. mIrAMnA koI koI padamAM koI koI paMktimAM enuM sUcana cheH "Adha verAgaNa chuM mArA prANa pAtaLiyA vahelA Avo re tama re vinA huM janamajogaNa chuM 'hAthamAM jhArI huM to bALakuMvArI hAthamAM dIvaDo meM bALakuMvArI' kAnuDe na jANI morI pIra bAI huM to bALakuMvArI bAlA te paNamAM prIta baMdhAI haiyethI kema vIsarAya? janazrutimAM mAtAe ane raidAse mIrAMne nAnapaNamAM je mUrti ApI hatI ane

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mAM 329 lagnanI vidhimAM e mUrti mIrAM pAse hatI emAM paNa enuM sUcana che. A janazrutinA AdhAra jevuM mIrAMnuM prasiddha pada "rAma ramakaDuM jaDiyuM ane emAM ramakaDuM' pratIka pada samagranA je saMdarbhamAM yojAyuM che te dvArA tenI sauthI vizeSa pratIti thAya che. bhAgye ja kahevAnuM hoya ke A ramakaDuM te mAtAe ane raidAse bALaka mIrAMne ApyuM hatuM ane sau bALakanI jema mIrAM jenI sAthe ramI hatI te ramakaDuM eTale ke vAcyArthamAM ramakaDuM nahIM paNa pada samagranA saMdarbhamAM vyaMgyArthamAM A ramakaDuM te mIrAMne nAnapaNamAM paramezvarano je anubhava thayo te ramakaDuM. koI ema tarka laDAvI zake ke saMto, bhagavAnanAM mANaso to koIpaNa vaye bALaka jevA ja hoya che, sadAyanA bALaka hoya che, "bAlavatuM hoya che. ethI mIrAMne koIpaNa vaye, paramezvarano anubhava thayo hoya to paNa AvuM ja pada e race ane AvuM ja pratIka e yoje. ethI A pada ane A pratIka parathI mIrAMne paramezvarano anubhava nAnapaNamAM ja thayo hato ema nizcitapaNe na kahI zakAya. mAtra A pada ane A pratIka ja astitvamAM hota to A tarka kadAca svIkArya thAya. paNa A pada ane A pratIkane janazrutino ane vizeSa to mIrAMnA samagra jIvanano ane anya aneka pada ane pratIkono saMdarbha che. ane e saMdarbha to vAcyArthamAM sUcave che ke mIrAMne nAnapaNamAM paramezvarano anubhava thayo hato. koI evI zaMkA uThAvI zake ke mIrAMne ke koIpaNa manuSyane paramezvarano anubhava nAnapaNamAM zakya hoya? aMte "lA komeTIA divinAmAM je paramezvaramAM pariNata thayo ane AraMbhe jemAM bIAtrisa nimittarUpa hatI te rahasyamaya anubhava DenTine nava varSanI vaye thayo hato. ene vize eliyaTe kahyuM che ke Avo anubhava nava varSanI vaye thAya e azakya ke advitIya nathI. ane pachI umeryuM che, "My only doubt (in which I found myself confirmed by a distinguished psychologist) is whether it could have taken place so late in life as the age of nine years. The psychologist agreed with me that it is more likely to occur at about five or six years of age." "mArI eka mAtra zaMkA (jemAM eka viziSTa manovijJAnI mArI sAthe sahamata che te) e che ke Avo anubhava nava varSa jeTalI moDIvaye thAya? manovijJAnI mArI sAthe sahamata che ke Avo anubhava pAMca ke cha varSanI vaye thAya e vadhu zakya che.' zaMkarane ATha varSanI vaye jJAna thayuM hatuM. ene vize vinobAe noMdhyuM che ke zaMkarane ATaluM moTuM jJAna ATalI nAnI vaye thayuM ethI Azcarya anubhavIne eka ziSya e aMge gurune prazna pUchyo tyAre gurue uttara Apyo hato ke zaMkaranI buddhi nAnapaNamAM maMda haze ethI emane A jJAna ATha varSanI moTI, moDI vaye

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330 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa-1 thayuM haze. paramezvarano prema, mIrAM pratye mIrAMne paramezvarano, paramezvaranA premano anubhava thayo emAM paramezvaranI pahela ane pasaMdagI che, paramezvare eno AraMbha karyo che, emAM paramezvaranI icchA che, emAM paramezvaranuM kartutva che, A premamAM paramezvara karyA che ane mIrAM karmaNirUpa che. A prema mIrAMe karyo na hato, A prema mIrAMne thayo hato. A prema mIrAMe zodhyo na hato. A prema mIrAMne jaDyo hato. A prema eka mahAna rahasyodghATana hatuM, eka mahAna akasmAta hato. mIrAMnA koI koI padamAM enuM sUcana cheH harie laganI lagAvI re ghelI kIdhI mune gokuLanA nAthe' lagADI prItalaDI mata toDa ghelAM to amane harie kIdhAM nirmaLa kIdhAM nAthe hAM re mAyA zIda lagADI dhutAre vahAle? "hAM re mAyA zIdane lagADI? hAM re mane leha lagADI raMgarasiye "amo jaLa jamunA bharavA gayAM'tAM vahAlA, kAnuDo paDyo mArI keDe' "o Ave hari hasatA, muja abaLA ekalI jANI pItAMbara keDe kasatA" e prabhu preme padhAriyA 'ramatA ne bhamatA jogI AvyA AMgaNiye mAre, dAsI jANIne darzana dIdhAM." AvatAM ne jAtAM mAraga vacce amUlakha vastu jaDI' rAma ramakaDuM jaDiyuM' "rumajhuma karatuM mAre maMdira padhAryuM paramezvara jayAre manuSyane Ama prema kare che tyAre eno paramezvarane potAne kevo to AnaMda hoya che enuM mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM sUcana che : e prabhu preme padhAriyA 'ramatA ne bhamatA jogI AvyA AMgaNiye mAre rumajhuma karatuM mAre maMdira padhAryuM

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paramezvara manuSyane Ama prema karavAno AraMbha kare che pachI eno aMta ja nathI. pachI paramezvara aTakato nathI, jaMpato nathI. 52mezva2 ekavAra prema cheDe che, manuSyane chaMcheDe che pachI ene choDato nathI. mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM enuM sUcana cheH amo jaLa jamunA bharavA gayAM'tAM vahAlA kAnuDo paDyo mArI keDe' prIta kare tenI pUMTha na mele pAsethI ze nathI khasatA' pAchaLa paDe teno keDo na mUke, nAsI zakAya nahIM chUTI' AvaDo julama zo re kare che? mArI pUMThe pUMThe phare che re' prabhujI mune kaMThe re vaLagyA paLa kore na thAuM' paramezvarano A prema manuSyanA AtmAne to vyApI vaLe, paNa mAtra AtmAne nahIM cheka deha lagI, paramezvaranA sthULa dehathI manuSyanA sthULa deha lagI, AtmAthI dehu lagInI saMpUrNatAthI manuSyane vyApI vaLe che. mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM enuM sUcana che : zAne mAro mane kAMkarI?" kAMkarI mAre tAro kA'na' lIdhAM re laTake mArAM mana lIdhAM re laTake' lIdhuM harI laTake mAruM mana lIdhuM harI laTake' laTakALo re giridharadhArI mane mArI che premakaTArI re' laTakAmAM AvuM ne laTakAmAM jAuM, laTakAmAM samajAvuM, laTakALA hira varanI sAthe laTakALI kahevAuM.' macakArA maMdiraye Ava, make mohI rahI chuM, macakArA maMdiriyA mAMhe macake mohI rahI chuM.' cALavaNImAM mArAM citta corI lIdhAM neNe mohanI nAMkhI.' mINuM 331 muMne mArI re muMne mArI nayana kaTArI re' lAlane locaniye dila lIdhAM' AMkhalaDI vAMkI alabelA tArI AMkhalaDI vAMkI nenakamaLano palakAro re bhAre tIra mAryAM tAkI neNakamaLanAM bhalakAM bhAre, eNe mAryAM tAkI tAkI re

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332 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa-1 pANIDAM huM zI rIte jAuM? mane roke re ThagAro pelo kahAna" kAnuDe kheMcyAM amArAM cIra jaLa jamunA jAtAM mArage pAlava rahyo mAro tANIne "jaLa jamunA bharavAne gyAM'tAM tyAM pAlava pakaDI mana lIdhAM prIta karIne pAlava pakaDo vahAlA premanI kaTArI ane mArI vRndAvanane mAraga jAtAM hAM re mAro pAlavaDo mA tANa' mArI bAhya rahyAnI lAja', pUrava janamanI prIta hatI tyAre harie jhAlyA hAthe 'prabhujI muja kaMThe re vaLagyA prabhujI mune kaMThe re vaLagyA paLa kore na thAuM "vaLagA-jhUmI zAne karo cho? hAra haiyAno tUTe vana thakI re eka pAradhI dhutAre mane bANa mArelAM tanamAM re paramezvarano A prema jANe ke koI aNakahyuM, aNaciMtavyuM AkramaNa na hoya! -phAnsisa thomsane jema paramezvarane "The Hound of Heaven' svargano zvAna kahyo che tema paramezvara jANe ke koI cora, lUMTAro, dhutAro, ThagAro, pAradhI-na hoya evuM paNa mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM sUcana che. 'cittacora che tuM to mArA cittaDAno cora re haricaraNa cittacora' kAnuDe vanamA lUMTI' mAya re mohanAM bANa dhutAre mane mAryA re mohanAM bANa' e moralI zIda vAya re dhutArA vahAlA e moralI zIda vAya dhutArA, e moralI zIda vAya?" kAMkarI mAre dhutAro kAna kAno mAgyo de, dhutAro mAgyo de pANIDAM huM zI rIte jAuM? mane roke re ThagAro pelo kahAnI vana thakI re eka pAradhI dhutAre mane bANa mArelAM tanamAM

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mIrAM 333 piyujI amAro pAradhI bhayo re meM to bhaI hariNI zikAra paramezvarano A prema jANe ke moha, mohinI saMmohana, mAyA, maMtra, kAmaNa, bhUrakI na hoya ane paramezvara jANe ke koI jAdugara na hoya evuM mIrAMnAM koIkoI padamAM sUcana che : mAryA che mohanAM bANa vAlIDe mane mAryA che mohanAM bANa" mAryA re mohanAM bANa dhutAre mane mAryA re mohanAM bANa' paraNyo amAro parama sohAgI mAryA che mohanAM bANa' hAM re mAyA zIda lagADI dhutAre vAle?' mukhaDAnI mAyA lAgI re mohane mohana karyo kAramAM atize kaMthA paherIne neDA kIdhA cALavaNImAM mArAM citta corI lIdhAM neNe mohanI nAMkhI 'rAsa ramADavAne vanamAM teDyAM mohinI maMtra suNAvI re mahAmaMtra suNAvyo mArA kAnamAM re maMtra bhaNIne vahAlo muja para nAMkhe veLAveLAnAM kAmaNa kIdhAM moralInA nAde ghelAM kIdhAM mane kAMI kAMI kAmaNa kIdhAM' kariyAM kAmaNa amane kaMI kaMI, kAnuDe amane "kAmaNa kIdhAM kAnuDe, mAruM mana mohyuM mAre mana mohyuM mAve, dUjo mArI najaruMmAM nAve' koNe nAMkhI lAla bhUrakI re?" cALavaNiyAmAM vahAle citta harI lIdhAM mohanalAle bhUrakI nAMkhI paramezvarano A prema jANe ke tAMtaNo ane dorI-mRdu baMdhana-jevo komaLa athavA bANa, tIra, bhAlo ane kaTArI-kaThora zastro-jevo krUra na hoya evuM mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM sUcana che : kAce te tAMtaNe harijIe bAMdhI jema kheMce tema temanI re, nAkhela premanI dorI gaLAmAM amane nAkhela premanI dorI bANe vidhyAM che mArA prANa' vana thakI re eka pAradhI dhutAre mane bANa mArelAM tanamAM re'

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334 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa- 1 AvatAM AvatAM AvatAM re bANa vAgyAM mohananAM AvatAM re kAnuDe mAryA che amane tIra' kAnuDe melyAM tAkI tIra' nanakamaLano palakAro re bhAre tIra mAryo tAkI premanI kaTArI muMne mArI 'amane premakaTArI mArI "mune mArI re mune mArI nayana kaTArI re laTakALo re giridharadhArI, mane mArI che premakArI re "prema taNI karI mArI re aLagI na rahI lagAra' kaTArI mArI vahAle thaI cakacUra re zuM jANe jUThaDo saMsAra' premanI kArI ane kheMcakara mArI thI thaI gaI holabehAla harinA premanI kaTArI mArI che lAgI mArA pAMsaLiyAmAM pAra' lAgI zabdanI kaTArI mArA manamAM kaTArI lAgI ArapAra' premanI, premanI premanI re mane vAgI kaTArI premanI mIrAMno prema, paramezvara pratye manuSya jyAre paramezvara pratye premanI pahela kare che tyAre e premanI gatividhi para enuM potAnuM niyamana ane niyaMtraNa hoya che, e premanI nItirIti potAne anusAra ane anukULa hoya che. e premamAM e svAdhIna ane svataMtra hoya che. e premamAM enI potAnI sagavaDa ane salAmatI hoya che. e prema para enuM varcas hoya che. alabata, manuSya apUrNa che ethI eno prema paNa apUrNa hoya che. paNa paramezvara pUrNa che ethI paramezvarano prema paNa pUrNa hoya che. paNa paramezvara jyAre manuSyane prema kare che tyAre e enI pUrNatAthI, enA pUrNa aizvaryathI prema kare che. ethI paramezvarano A prema evo to ajeya ane aniruddha hoya che, durdamya ane durnirdhAra hoya che. ethI je manuSyane paramezvara

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mIzuM 335 prema kare che te manuSya kadI A premamAMthI nAsI-bhAgI zake nahIM, chUTIchaTakI zake nahIM. e manuSya evo to niHsahAya ane nirAdhAra hoya che, parAdhIna ane parataMtra hoya che. e manuSya A premano svIkAra-puraskAra karavo ja rahyo. A prema evo to krUra ane niSThura hoya che, kaThora ane naThora hoya che, adaya ane asahya hoya che. ethI e manuSya avazavivaza hoya che, AkulavyAkula hoya che. e manuSya ghAyala hoya che. enI ghAyalanI gata hoya che. ane e ghAyalanI gata to ghAyala ja jANe. eno ghA sadAyano dUjhato hoya che, kadI rUjhato nathI. mIrAMne nAnapaNathI AvA premano anubhava hato ane A premano eNe prathama kSaNathI ja deha-mana-AtmAthI svIkAra-puraskAra karyo hato, jIvanabharano, jIvananI kSaNekSaNa, svIkAra-puraskAra karyo hato. A prema samakSa eNe saMpUrNa samarpaNa, Atmanivedana karyuM hatuM. maine govinda liyo mola... linyo bajAke Dhola' ethI sto eNe lagna, pati, kuTuMba, pada, pratiSThA, dhana, sattA, kIrti Adi sau preyo pratye vairAgya anubhavyo hato. to sAthe sAthe trAsa ane mRtyu pratye abhaya anubhavyuM hatuM. emAM eno prema ane enuM zaurya pragaTa thAya che. A rajapUtANIe jIvanabharanuM, kSaNekSaNanuM jauhara racyuM hatuM. A meDatANIe jIvanabhara, kSaNekSaNe baLIne enu satItva pragaTa karyuM hatuM. 52mezvara ane mIrAM vacceno A prema ekapakSI prema (Ex-Party Love) na hato, dvipakSI prema hato. 'pratiyogam parasparam' hato. emAM dAna- pratidAnanI pArasparikatA (Reciprocity) hatI, emAM anyonyatA (Mutuality) hatI. paramezvara ane mIrAM vacceno A prema mIrAMnA eka sAdyaMtasuMdara ane sarvAMgasaMpUrNa pada premanI, premanI, premanI re mane vAgI kaTArI premanI'mAM 'premanI' zabdanAM traNa punarAvartano, ativruta laya ane 'kaTArI' nuM bhAvocita pratIka Adine kAraNe enI pUrNa tIvratA ane tIkSNatA sAthe pragaTa thAya che : premanI, premanI, premanI re, mane vAgI kaTArI premanI. jaLa jamunAnAM bharavA gayAM' tAM, hatI gAgara mAthe hemanI re. kAce te tAMtaNe hirajIe bAMdhI, jema kheMce tema temanI re. mIrAM ke prabhu giridhara nAgara, zAmaLI sUrata zubha emanI re.' paramezvaranA prema samakSa mIrAMnA pratidAnanuM, AtmanivedananuM mIrAMnA koI koI padamAM sUcana che :

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336 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa- 1 leha lAgI' tArI leha lAgI tArI leha lAgI premamaganamAM huM rAjI' leha lAgI mane tArI caraNakamaLa leha lAgI harisaMge laganI lagAvI muMne leha re lAgI harinA nAmanI re huM to TaLI re saMsAriyAnA kAmanI re mukhaDAnI mAyA lAgI re mohana pyArA. mukhaDuM meM joyuM tAruM sarva jaga thayuM khAruM mana mAruM rahyuM nyAruM re mohana pyArA 'coTa vAgI te DhaLI koInI nahIM TaLe re huM re ghAyala harinA nAmanI re kaTArI vAge ArapAra, manaDuM to ghAyala thayuM premanI kayarI mune khIcakara mArI re, thaI gaI hAlabehAla upADI gAMsaDI veThanI re, kema nAMkhI devAya? mIrAM ke prabhu giridhara nAgara, mane leha lAgI che TheThanI re; kema nAkhI devAya?" paramezvarano A prema kyAreka eTalo asahya thAya che ke mIrAM ethI akaLAya, amaLAya che ane paramezvarane prazna pUche che : 'tAro julama to huM kema sahuM re hAnA?' AvaDo julama zo re kare che? mArI pUMThe phare che re paramezvaranA A prema samakSa pote parAdhIna ane parataMtra che ethI mIrAM kyAreka A premamAMthI mukti mATe paramezvarane prArthanA kare che : javA do mane zAne roko cho vATamAM paramezvaranA A premamAMthI kadI mukti nathI. "Ami bAMdhA sumi bAMdhA, mukti kathAo nAI, re baMdhu, mukti kothAo nAI."--huM baMdhAyo, tuM baMdhAyo; mukti kyAMya nathI re baMdhu, mukti kyAMya nathI - evuM mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM pragaTa thAya che :

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mIcuM 337 "prema kUvAmAM amane UMDAM utAryA 'UDe kUve utAriyA tarata truTyA varata' UMDe kUve utAryA vahAlA cheha Ama zuM dyo cho re?" 'UMDA kUvAmAM utAryA vahAlA varata vADhI zuM jAo cho re?" are, eka kSaNanI paNa mukti nathI paramezvaranA A premamAMthI evuM paNa mIrAMnA koIka padamAM sUcana che: 'tArI moralImAM bharI moNavela ghaDI vilaMbo to bharI lauM hela' paramezvaranA premanI samakSa pote kevI to niHsahAya ane nirAdhAra che evuM paNa mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM pragaTa thAya che: "prIta karI vahAle pAMgaLAM kIdhAM bANe vIMdhyA che mArA prANa" piyujI amAro pAradhI bhayo the meM to bhaI hariNI zikAra kAnuDe mAryA che amane tIra kAnuDe bALIne kIdhAM khAkha, rAkha uDADI phara22' prema thavo e vasamuM che paNa prema na thavo e ethI ye vadhu vasamuM che. vaLI prema to paramezvare svayaM sAmethI ene arpaNa karyo che ethI mIrAM evI to prasanna prasanna che : hAM re prabhu AvyA che mArA hAthamAM tArI leha lAgI premamaganamAM huM rAjI' paramezvara jema manuSyane prema karavAno AraMbha kare che pachI eno aMta ja nathI, pachI paramezvara aTakato nathI, jaMpato nathI tema manuSya paNa paramezvarane prema karavAno AraMbha kare che pachI eno aMta ja nathI, pachI manuSya aTakato nathI, jaMpato nathI. prANAnta paNa manuSya e prema choDato nathI evuM mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM pragaTa thAya che : nahIM re visAruM hari aMtaramAMthI nahIM re visAruM hari." mIrAMne haiye lakhANAM harinAM nAma re, nAma nahIM re choDuM giridharalAla vinA ghaDI na goThe harirasa ghoLI ghoLI pIdhAM."

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338 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 "giridhara nAgara huM to ghaDI na choDuM bhale nAMkho re marAvI hirasaMge laganI lagAvI' jIvaDo jAya to jAvA deuM harinI bhakti na choDuM rAma' paramezvara ane potAnI vacceno A prema samatola ane sapramANa che ane paramezva2 ane pote jugatI joDI che ethI paNa mIrAM evI to prasanna prasanna che. pote ja A premane pramANapatra Ape che : mArI jugate joDI banI sArI huM to prabhunI thaI gaI pyArI' "ApaNa bene prIta baMdhANI sArI banI che joDajoDa' paramezvara ane potAnI vaccenA A premamAM kyAreka spardhA ane saMgharSa pragaTe che tyAre mIrAM ciDAya cheH amo abaLA kAMI sabaLa suMvALA vahAlA AvaDI zI kheMcAtANa' to premamAM, premanI 2matamAM 52mezvara jANe ke aNaghaDa che, asaMskArI che, enAmAM ruci nathI, sikatA nathI, enAthI kyAreka kyAMka doSa thAya che, ramatanI koI zaratano bhaMga thAya che ema mIrAM paramezvarane cIDave paNa che: 'jhUmakahAra zIda toDyo? prIta karI paNa karatAM na AvaDI, tuM naMda AhIrano choro' zAne mAro mane kAMkarI" kAMkarI mAre tAro khAna' have pachI kaMIka vigate joIzuM tema mIrAMno paramezvara pratye vrajJaviAnIm -gopI-bhAva che, mIrAM svayaM gopI che, rAdhA che. paramezvara eno pati che ane pote paramezvaranI patnI che evo bhAva anubhave che. paNa pati-patnI saMbaMdhamAM pratyeka pati eka sAthe patnIno pitA, pati ane putra che ane pratyeka patnI ekasAthe patinI mAtA, patnI ane putrI che. ethI mIrAM kyAreka 5ramezvara pratye vAtsalyabhAva paNa anubhave che ane paramezvaranI bAlabuddhi mATe paramezvarane lADa laDAve che : huM to tane vAruM naMdanA kuMvarajI haju na AvI sAna' samajone catura sujANa'

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mIrAM 339 bIvaDAvo te bIjI nArI, kharuM loDhuM ne ArasapahANa, vRndAvananI kuMjagalImAM tuM halakuM pIpaLiyAnuM pAna vRndAvananI kuMjagalImAM vALyAM amArAM vAna, nArI AgaLa zuM nRtya karo cho? haju na AvI sAna' samaje nahIM zyAma tuM to bhoLo' to kyAreka paramezvaranI zaThabuddhi mATe paramezvarane rokaDuM parakhAve paNa che : ghaNA kapaTI, nathI bhoLA madharAte mathurAthI re nATho e to nathI amane re ajANa 'dAna levAnI garaja paDe to Avajo gokuLa gAma' ane paramezvaranI AvI akaLa gati ane vicitra mati pratye bhaya ane zaMkAthI paramezvarane cImakI paNa Ape che : 'prIta karI te pALajo. paramezvara pUrNa che ethI paramezvarano prema paNa pUrNa che. paNa mIrAM to manuSya ane manuSya apUrNa che ethI manuSyano prema paNa apUrNa che. mIrAMne potAnI apUrNatAnuM, potAnA premanI apUrNatAnuM pUrNa jJAna che. ethI mIrAMnA koI koI padamAM mIrAMnI namratA ane nyUnatA pragaTa thAya che: kUpa jo hoya to gALIe nIra kUpanA, sAgarane kaI para gALIe?" kUvI hoya to gALIe vAlIDA samadara gALyA kema jAya? khetara hoya to kheDIe vAlIDA DuMgara kheDyA kema jAya?" paNa paramezvaranI pUrNatAnI ane paramezvaranA premanI pUrNatAnI mIrAMne pratIti che ethI enAmAM ananyatA ane dhanyatA che. paramezvara anAdianaMta che, ajaraamara che. ane ethI paramezvarano prema paNa anAdianaMta, ajaraamara che. ane paramezvara pratye potAno je prema che, potAnI je 'parA anuramita rRzvare je bhakti che te paramapremasvarupa' ane 'amRtasvarupa' che. emAM potAnuM sadbhAgya, cirasadbhAgya che, potAnuM saubhAgya, cirasaubhAgya che. ane ethI "cat cthvI...siddha mavati amRto mavati tRpto mavati' -ene pAmIne have pote siddha, amRta ane tRpta che. kAraNa paramezvarane meLavyA pachI manuSyane anya kaMI meLavavAnuM rahetuM nathI. ane yat prApya na kiMcit vAMchati na zocati na dRSTa na ramate na utsAhI bhavati' -ene pAmIne have ene koI icchA nathI,zoka nathI, rAga nathI, utsAha nathI.

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340 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 mIrAMnI samakAlIna mahAna spenIza saMta ane bhakta senTa teresAnI prArthanApothImAMthI enA mRtyu pachI enuM je kAvya maLI AvyuM hatuM emAM A Atmabodha che, 'Nada te turbe-Nada te espante-Todo se pasa-Dios no se muda-La paciencia todo lo aleanga-quien a dios tiene-Nada te falta-Solo Dios basta'- 'kazuM tane kSubdha na karo-kazuM tane bhayabhIta na karo-badhuM ja kSaNika paramezvara zAzvata che- dhRtithI badhuM maLe che - jene paramezvara maLe - ene pachI zuM meLavavAnuM rahyuM? -mAtra paramezvara maLe eTale basa'. spenIza bhASAmAM ane speInanA rahasyadarzI saMto ane bhaktonI bhASAmAM, savizeSa senTa jahaoNna oNpha dha krosanA gadyagraMthomAM Nada- kaMI nahIM, zUnya ane Todo--badhuM, sarva e be zabdo sUcaka che. paramezvara badhuM ja che, sarva che; paramezvara sivAyanuM je kaMI che te kaMI nathI, zUnya che. che mIrAMnA samakAlIna mahAna spenIza saMta ane bhakta senTa jahaoNna oNpha dha kraoNsanI vANImAM 'The soul that desires God to surrender Himself to it wholly must surrender itself to Him wholly and leave nothing for itself....Walk in solitude with God.' paramezvara svayaM potAne saMpUrNa Atmanivedana kare ema je AtmA icche che eNe 52mezvarane saMpUrNa Atmanivedana karavuM rahyuM, eNe potAne mATe kazuM ja icchavuM na joIe... eNe paramezvaranI sAthe ekAntamAM viharavuM joIe.' e have 'pharata udAsa'- udAsa, udAsIna che. 'tat prApya tad va avaloti tad va kRoti tad va bhASAMta tad va cintayati" ene pAmIne have e enuM ja darzana kare che, enuM ja zravaNa kare che, enuM ja bhajanakIrtana kare che, enuM ja cintana kare che. ane mRt jJAtvI matto mati, stavyo mavati, AtmArAmA mati' ene jANIne have e matta che, stabdha che, AtmAthI AtmAmAM prasanna che. vaLI A prema pratikSA vardhamAnan avicchinnam sUkSmataram anubhavarUpam" -kSaNe kSaNe vRddhi pAme che, atUTa hoya che, sUkSmatara hoya che ane anubhavarUpa eTale ke anubhavathI ja samajAya che. mIrAMne nAnapaNamAM ja paremazvarano anubhava thayo ane te ja kSaNe ane tyAre pachI jIvanabhara kSaNe kSaNe eNe eno saMpUrNa svIkAra-puraskAra karyo ethI mIrAMno prema nakArAtmaka, pratikArAtmaka, pratikriyArUpa na hato; hakArAtmaka hato. mIrAMno paramezvara pratyeno prema e svIkAra-puraskAranuM sAhasa hatuM. e jagata ane jIvanamAMthI, saMsAramAMthI koI bhayabhIta, bhIru, kAyara vyaktinuM palAyana na hatuM. mIrAMne jagata ane jIvana pratye, saMsAra pratye vairAgya hato ethI ene paramezvara pratye rAga na hato. paNa mIrAMne -

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paramezvara pratye rAga hato ethI ene jagata ane jIvana pratye, saMsAra pratye vairAgya hato. 'puNyake mAraga cAlatAM jhaka mAro saMsAra.' 5ramezvaranA anubhavanI prathama kSaNathI ja eka mAtra paramezvara ja amRta che. AnaMda che, dhruva che, anazvara che; jagata ane jIvana, saMsAra mRtyu che, duHkhamaya che, parivartanazIla che, nazvara che evI mIrAMne pratIti hatI. ethI ja eNe lagna, pati, pada, pratiSThA, dhana, sattA, kIrti-sarvasvano tyAga karyo hato. kuTuMba, samAja, svadezano tyAga karyo hato. gokulathI dvArikAnI bhUmi e kRSNanI lIlAbhUmi hatI, vihArabhUmi hatI, e kRSNabhUmi hatI chatAM mevADa, meDatA, vRndAvana, dvArikAmAMthI mIrAM nirvAsita hatI, svecchAe nirvAsita hatI. gokula tajuMgI meM mathurA tajuMgI, tajuMgI meM vraja kero deza.' samAja, rAjya ane dharmanAM baMdhanamAM mIrAM baddha na hatI, sthaLa ane kALanI sImAmAM mIrAM sImita na hatI. mIrAM A pRthvI 52 nirvAsita hatI, ciranirvAsita hatI. mIrAM paramezvara nAmanA pradezanI nAgarika hatI. paramezvara mIrAMno svedaza hato. svataMtratA, samAnatA, baMdhutA arthe rUDhibhaMga, praNAlikAbhaMga ane krAMti dvArA e kulanAzInuM biruda pAmI hatI, e badanAmI ane hAMsI pAmI hatI. A rajapUtANIe jIvanabharanuM, kSaNa kSaNanuM jauhara racyuM hatuM. A meDataNIe jIvanabhara, kSaNe kSaNanuM baLIne satItva pragaTa karyuM hatuM. 5ramezvara mIrAMno Ilama hato, paramezvara mIrAMnuM zUra hatuM, paramezvara mIrAMnI mirAta hatI, moTI mirAta hatI. paramezvara mIrAMnI nirAMta, moTI nirAMta paNa hatI. senTa jahaoNna oNpha dha kraoNsanA zabdomAM live in this world as though there were in it but God and thy soul.' 'A jagatamAM jANe ke eka mAtra paramezvara ane tAro AtmA ja che ema A jagatamAM jIvaje.' ethI ja mIrAMnI pratIti hatI, pratijJA hatI ke vara te viThThalavara, avara te ava2. mIrAMnAM keTalAMka padamAM enuM sUcana che : khArA samudramAM amRtanuM vaheLiyuM re evI che bhakti amArI' mahiya2 tajyuM ne tajajyuM sAsariyuM' jIvano sAthI hi2 viNa koI nathI.' mI 341 zuM re karavuM sundara zyAma, bIjAne mAre zuM karavuM?" dhyAna dhaNI keruM dharavuM re, bIjuM mAre zuM karavuM? 'amara cUDalo paherI mATe varavuM che' 'amara cUDalo laIne mAre pharavuM che' cUMdaDI oDhuM tyAre raMga cUrve re raMgaberaMgI hoya, oDhuM huM kALo kAmaLo dUjo DAgha na lAge koya'

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342 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 kAmaNa kIdhAM kAnuDe, mAruM mana mohyuM mAve; mana mohyuM mA've. dUjo mArI najaruMmAM nA've; goviMdo prANa amAro re, mane jaga lAgyo khAro, mane mAro rAmajI bhAve, bIjo mArI najare na Ave? paraNIzuM mArA prabhujInI sAtha, bIjAnAM mIMDhaLa nahIM bAMdhuM mAre to vara viThThalane varavuM che, bIjAne mAre zuM re karavuM che? 'nahIM bAMdhuM mIMDhaLa bIjAnAM, mIMDhaLa nahIM re badhuM huM to paraNI mArA piyujInI sAtha to paraNI mArA pritamanI saMgAtha vahAlamajI, bIjAnAM mIMDhaLa nahIM re bAMdhuM akhaMDa varane varI sAhelI huM to akhaMDa varane varI to mIrAMnAM be uttama padamAM A pratIti pUrNapaNe pragaTa thAya che : bola mA, bola mA, bola mA re rAdhAkRSNa vinA bIjuM bola mA re. sAkara selaDIno svAda tajIne kaDavo te lImaDo ghoLa mA re. cAMdA sUrajanuM teja tajIne AgiyA saMgAthe prIta joDa mA re. hIrA mANeka jhavera tajIne kathIra saMgAthe maNi tola mA re. mIrAM ke prabhu giridhara nAgara zarIra ApyuM samatolamAM che." mukhaDAnI mAyA lAgI re mohana pyArA! mukhaDuM meM joyuM tAruM, sarva jaga thayuM khAruM, mana mAruM rahyuM nyAruM. saMsArInuM sukha evuM. jhAMjhavAnAM nIra jevuM, tene tuccha karI pharIe. paraNuM to prItama pyAro, akhaMDa saubhAgya mAro. rAMDavAno bhaya TALyo. mIrAMbAI balihArI, AzA mane eka tArI, have huM to baDabhAgI."

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mIrAM 343 Ama, mere to giridhara gopAla, dUsaro na koI evI mIrAMnI ananyatA hatI. paramezvaramAM ane paramezvaranA premamAM mIrAM ekadhyAna hatI, ekatAna hatI. mIrAMnA jIvana sAthe jenA jIvananuM kaMIka sAmya che evI ApaNA yuganI eka anokhI phrenca sannArI sAImaoNna veIle kahyuM che, Perfect attention is perfect prayer' pUrNa dhyAna e pUrNa prArthanA che. Ama, anya mAyA tyA'T mananyatA' maphatA ewAntino mura':- paramezvara ane paramezvarano prema pAmyA pachI mIrAMmAM A ananyatA hatI, mIrAM ekanizcayI hatI. mIrAM paramezvaramaya, premamaya, bhaktimaya hatI. mIrAMmAM paramezvara ane paramezvaranA premamAM tanmayatA, tallInatA, drupatA, tadAkAratA hatI enuM mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM sUcana che : "huM to samajI mohanajInI sAnamAM re rahetI hari-hajUra' mAruM mana zAmaLiyAnuM jaDiyuM mArI suratA bhagavAnase lAgI re mArI suratA zAmaLiyAnA padamAM re mArI suratA zAmaLiyAnI sAtha" surata dorIpe mIrAM nAce sarape dharAye maTakI, mIrAM ke prabhu giridhara nAgara surata lagI jese naTakI paramezvara ane paramezvaranA prema pratye mIrAMmAM je ananyatA che, ekanizcaya che enI bilvamaMgala svAmI-lIlAzukanA zrIkRUJAmRta'nA prasiddha zloka vituM kAmA kila gopakanyA murAripAdArpitacitavRttiH dadhyAdikaM mohavazAdavocadda vidrAmovaramAdhaveti'' prerita tathA gItAnA vibhUtiyogaane vizvarUpadarzana yogathI prerita ane sAthesAthe paramezvara badhAmAM che ane badhuM paramezvaramAM che evA paramezvaramayatA (Pantheos) nA darzananA anubhavathI prerita evA mIrAMnA eka nATayAtmaka ane saMvAdAtmaka padamAM pratIti thAya che : koI mAdhava lyo, hAM re mAdhava lyo' vecaMtI vrajanArI re. mAdhavane maTukImAM ghAlI gopI laTake maTaka cAlI rehAM re gopI, ghelI zuM bolatI jAya? mAdhava maTukImAM na samAye.' 'nava mAno to juvo utArI'. mAMhI juve to kuMjavihArI'

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344 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 anubhavanI tIvratA, bhAva-rasanI ugratA mIrAMmAM paramezvaranA anubhavanI, paramezvaranA premanA anubhavanI, parama ane carama koTinI tIvratA hatI. ethI enAM padamAM bhAva ane rasanI evI ja ugratA che. jagatakavitAmAM AvI tIvratA ane AvI ugratAnuM darzana, anyatra eka mAtra mIrAMnA samakAlIna mahAna spenIza saMta, bhakta ane kavi senTa jahona opha dha krosanA Canticos Espirituales' -"AdhyAtmika padomAM thAya che. premano anubhava ja evo che ke manuSya jema jema vadhu ne vadhu prema pAme che tema tema ethIye vadhu ne vadhu prema pAmavAnI ene IcchA thAya che, vadhu ne vadhu IcchA thAya che. ane manuSya jema jema vadhu ne vadhu prema Ape che tema tema ethI ye vadhu ne vadhu prema ApavAnI ene icchA thAya che, vadhu ne vadhu icchA thAya che. pratikSaNa vardhamAnam'. vaLI mIrAM strI hatI ethI paNa Ama thayuM che. vaLI anya sau saMtonAM padamAM pradhAnapaNe kRSNa ane rAdhAnA premanuM, emanA milana-virahanuM varNana che. jyAre mIrAM e sauthI sAva judI che. "yathA vrana zopInAmU' mIrAMe ekamAtra gopIbhAvano ja anubhava karyo che, pote ja gopI che, rAdhA che paramezvara pati ane pote patnI che. mIrAMnI bhakti pradhAnapaNe mAdhurya-madhurA-bhakti che. mIrAMnAM padamAM kRSNa pratyenA potAnA ja premanuM, gopIrUpe, rAdhArUpe, svarUpe vaktavya che. anya sau saMtonAM padamAM pradhAnapaNe premanA anubhavamAM, premanA saMbaMdhamAM kRSNa ane rAdhA be premapAtro che ane saMta emAM prekSaka che, sAkSI che, kaho ke trIjuM pAtra che. jyAre mIrAMnA padamAM mIrAMe anyatra gAyuM che tema "nAtha tuma jAnata ho saba ghaTakI, mIrAM bhakti kare paragaTakI', ane "bAta aba phela gaI, jAne saba koI, honI thI so hoI,'- premanA anubhavamAM, premanA saMbaMdhamAM kRSNa ane pote ema be premapAtro che, emAM trIjuM pAtra ja nathI. Ama, mIrAM prekSaka, sAkSI ke trIjuM pAtra nathI. emAM mIrAM bIjuM pAtra che. ethI paNa Ama thayuM che. anya sau saMtonAM padamAM gauNapaNe jemAM premanA anubhavamAM, premanA saMbaMdhamAM saMta pote prekSaka, sAkSI ke trIjuM pAtra nahIM paNa bIjuM pAtra hoya evAM paNa che. paNa anya sau saMto puruSo che ethI e padamAM pote gopI, rAdhA ke priyA-patnI che, strI che ema vaktavya hoya che tyAre jIvA gosAMInI jema emanA puruSatvathI teo sabhAna che ema tarata varatAya che ane ethI e padamAM sAhajikatAno, svAbhAvikatAno abhAva varatAya che ane strItva vizeno emano prayatna pragaTa thAya che. vaLI mIrAMnAM padamAM milananAM padathI vizeSa saMkhyAmAM virahanAM pada che ethI paNa Ama thayuM che. viraha che to prema che. virahane kAraNe to premano AraMbha thAya che. premano janma virahamAM che. paramAtmAthI AtmA, paramezvarathI

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mI 345 manuSya chUTo-vikhUTo thayo na hoya to to premane, premanI A lIlAne avakAza ja na hota. paramAtmAthI AtmA, paramezvarathI manuSya chUTo-vikhUTo thayo che. eTale viraha to che ja. paNa je kSaNe paramAtmAthI AtmA, paramezvarathI manuSya chUTo-vikhUTo thayo che enuM jJAna thAya che te kSaNe virahano bhAva hradayamAM janme che, A virahanuM jJAna thAya pachI ja milananI icchA janme che, milana zakya thAya che. vaLI virahanI parAkASThAnI kSaNe virahIjana virahane atikrame che, viraha dvArA ja virahane atikrame che ane enA premIjana sAthe milanano anubhava kare che. vaLI paramezvara samakSa, paramezvaranA prema samakSa je manuSye bhaktinI parAkASThArUpa Atmanivedana karyuM hoya eno viraha asahya hoya. 'tad vismaraNena paramavyAtatA kRti. ' enA virahanA anubhavamAM vismaraNane kAraNe vrajagopikAne hatI evI paramavyAkulatA hoya, vyathA hoya, vedanA hoya, vivazatA hoya, viThThalatA hoya, milananI tRSA hoya, milanano tIvra talasATa hoya. vaLI eka vAra milana thAya pachI punarapi viraha che ja. deha che tyAM ane tyAM lagI viraha, vAraMvAra viraha che ja. to vaLI deha che to ja virahano bhAva, virahanuM jJAna che ane to ja prema, paramezvara pratyeno prema che. mIrAMnA prasiddha pada bola mA, bola mA, bola mA re'nI aMtima paMkti 'zarI2 ApyuM samatolamAM re' ane ethI ye vizeSa to mIrAMnuM prasiddha pada jogI, mata jA, mata jA, mata jA.' ane savizeSa to enI aMtima paMkti jyota se jyota milA jA.' atyaMta sUcaka che. eNlijhAbetha brAuniMganA saoNneTsa phraoNma dha porTugIjha'mAMnA eka saoNneTanI aMtima paMkti che : I shall but love thee better after death.' -tane adhika huM cahuM, nidhana thAya ne te pachI'- e paNa sUcaka che. jIvanamAM milana alpa ane viraha analpa che, kSaNanuM milana ane yugano viraha che. ane milana pachI je viraha hoya che te milana pUrvenA virahathI vadhu asahya hoya che. prakAzanA eka kiraNanuM darzana thAya pachI je aMdhakAra hoya che te darzana pUrvenA aMdhakArathI vadhu asahya hoya che. Avo viraha, 52ma viraha ane AsaktinI, bhaktinI parAkASThA che. Ama to ekAdazadhA bhakti che paNa vAstavamAM aMte to ekadhA bhakti ja che. A agiyAre bhakti eka ja bhakti che. dhA piAvazA mati'. emAM tanmayatA jema Asakti che, bhakti che tema 52maviraha paNa Asakti ja che, bhakti ja che. parama viraha e agiyAramI Asakti che, agiyAramI bhakti che. paramavirada AsavitarUpA'. ethI milana ane viraha banne vAstavamAM aMte to eka ja che. kAraNa ke banne Asakti che, bhakti che. milana ane viraha premanA sikkAnI be bAju che. vaLI virahathI milana zakya thAya che eTaluM ja nahIM paNa

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346 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 vAraMvAra virahathI milananI icchA vadhu ne vadhu tIvra thAya che. ethI premIjanane virahamAM aMte to AnaMda ja hoya che. milanamAM ane virahamAM ekasarakho AnaMda hoya che. virahamAM AnaMda gopana hoya che eTaluM ja. premamAM, zuM milanamAM ke zuM virahamAM duHkha hoya ja nahIM, mRtyu hoya ja nahIM, AnaMda ja hoya, amRta ja hoya. milana mANavAnuM hoya che, viraha, ekalatAne kAraNe, gAvAno hoya che eTaluM ja. ethI kavitAnA saMdarbhamAM milananI abhivyaktithI virahanI abhivyaktimAM anubhavanI vizeSa tIvratA tathA bhAva ane rasanI vizeSa ugratA pragaTa thAya che. paramezvara ane paramezvaranA premanA anubhavanI A tIvratA tathA bhAva ane rasanI ugratA mIrAMnAM aneka padamAM pragaTa thAya che : khUNe besIne meM to jhINuM re kAMtyuM, emAM nathI rAkhyuM kaMI kAcuM re have to baDabhAgI koI viralAne hAthe caDiyuM baDe ghara tAlI lAgI re, mArA mananI uNAratha bhAgI re hAM re meM to tajI che lokanI zaMkA prItamakA ghara hai baMkA, bAI mIrAMe dIdhAM DaMkA caraNAme mAro jora che." mAre hari bhajavAnI hAma' varamALA dharI giridhara varanI, chUTe cheDe pharIe re, vara to giridharavarane varIe, suNone lAja konI dharIe re?" loka amArI niMdA kare re ame dhokho eno nA dharIe re, varamALA vanamALInI paherI, ame chUTe cheDe pharIe re "bhUrATI thene huM re pharuM chuM "premabhaThThIno mada pIne chakI pharuM dinarAta' 'huM to bAvarI pharuM chuM mArA madamAM re "koI kahe mIrAM bhaI re bAvarI koI kahe jogaNa madamAtI "prabhune bhajIne thaI chuM nyAla' harine bhajIne huM to thaI have nyAla' huM to tamane bhajIne nyAla thaI chuM' have na pAmuM garbhAdhAna' ajJAnanI koTaDImAM UMgha ghaNI Ave, premaprakAza mAM huM jAgI

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mIrAM 347 'nahIM re visAruM hari, aMtaramAMthI nahIM re visAruM hari, AvatAM ne jAtAM mAragavacce amUlakha vastu jaDI' 'tame jANI lyo samudra sarIkhaDA mArA vIrA re dila to kholIne dIvo karo re A re kAyAmAM che vADIo re hojI mAMhe mora kare che jhIMgorA re. A re kAyAmAM che sarovara re hojI mAMhe haMsalo kare che kallolA re muja abaLAne moTI mirAta bAI, zAmaLo ghareNuM mAre sAruM re, vALI ghaDAvuM viThThalavara kerI, hAra harino mAre haiye re. cinamALI caturbhuja cUDalo, zIda sonI ghera jaIe re? jhAMjhariyAM jagajIvana kerAM, kRSNajI kallA ne kAbI re. vichuvA ghugharA rAmanArAyaNa, aNavaTa aMtarajAmI re. peTI ghaDAvuM puruSotama kerI, trikama nAmanuM tALuM re. kuMcI karAvuM karuNAnaMda kerI, temAM ghareNuM mAruM ghAluM re. sAsaravAso sajIne beThI have nathI kAMI kAcuM re. mIrAM ke prabhu giridharanAgara, hari ne caraNe jAcuM re." ghAyalanI gati ghAyala jANe, pelo nugaro zuM jANe enA manamAM re araja kare che mIrAM rAMkaDI, UbhI UbhI araja kare che mIrAM rAMkaDI, mIrAM ke prabhu giridhara nAgara tamane jotAmAM Thare AMkhaDI." prabhu pAlavaDo pakaDIne rahI chuM premathI.' jo prabhu mAre maMdira padhAro to rAkhIza gulAbacamelImAM, tama mATe huM to khapI ghelImAM 'gaNatAM gaNatAM ghasa gaI jIbhA, hArI AMgaLIonI rekhA 'amRta pAI UcheryA vahAlA, viSa ghoLI zuM gho cho rAja?' 'sukha to vahAlA saravara jeTaluM, duHkha to dariyA samAna, duHkhaDAM mArAM DuMgara jevAM sukhaDAM che meru samAna' 'duHkhaDAnI mArI, vahAlA, dUbaLI thaI chuM, pacI pacI thaI chuM pII pIne 'dava to lAgela DuMgarameM, kahone odhAjI have kema karIe? kema te karIe, ame kema karIe, dava to lAgela DuMgarameM.

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348 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 hAlavA jaIe to vahAlA hAlI na zakIe. besI rahIe to ame baLI marIe re. A re vastIe nathI ThekANuM re vahAlA herI, paravastInI pAMkhe ame pharIe re." sukumAra ane sukomala, sahaja ane sarala strIhRdayanI A tIvratA che, A ugratA che evI pratIti mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM thAya che : phUlano pacheDo oDhuM prema ghATaDI re bAI mAro zAmaLiyo bharathAra re bole jhINA mora rAjA! tArA DuMgariyA para bole jhINA mora re. mora hI bole, bapaiyA hI bole, koyala kare kalazora re. mAjhama rAte bhalI vIjaLI camake, bAdala huA ghanaghora re. jharamara jharamara mehulo varase, bhIMje mArA sALuDAnI kora re. bAI mIrAM ke prabhu giridhara nAgara tuM to mArA cittaDAno cora re.' mIrAMnI bhakti pradhAnapaNe mAdhurya-madhurA-bhakti che. paramezvara pati ane mIrAM pradhAnapaNe patnI che. ethI mIrAMno prema pradhAnapaNe svakIyAprema che. ane mIrAMnAM padano rasa pradhAnapaNe zRMgAra che, milana ane virahanA anubhavane kAraNe saMbhoga zRMgAra ane vipralaMbha zRMgAra che. paNa emAM paramezvara pratyeno prema che, manuSya pratyeno prema nathI; emAM ratino bhAva divya che, mAnuSI nathI ethI aMte emAM zRMgAra nahIM paNa zAMtarasa che. mIrAM paramezvaranI patnI-mIrAMbAI che paNa ene patnI tarIkeno adhikAra bhogavavo nathI, ene to patinI sevA karavI che. mIrAMne to giridhArIlAlanA cAkara rahevuM che. mIrAM lAla giridhara'nI 'dAsa mIrAM' che. ethI mIrAMnI mAdhuryabhakti e arthamAM dAsyabhakti che. athavA to mIrAMnI mAdhuryabhakti dAsyabhakti pratinI gati che. ethI mIrAM paramezvaranI patnI che ethI vizeSa to paramezvaranI dAsI che. ethI mIrAMmAM prema che paNa kAma nathI, mohavAsanA nathI; zRMgAra che paNa vilAsa nathI, bhogavaibhava nathI; bhAva ane rasanI ugratA che. paNa unmAda nathI. ethI mIrAMmAM zRMgAra gauNa che ane bhakti pradhAna che. ethI paNa mIrAMnAM padamAM aMte zRMgAra nahIM paNa zAMta rasa che. anya bhaktonAM, saMtonAM padamAM narI mAdhurya-madhurA-bhakti che ethI emAM vilAsa ane unmAda che. vaLI e sau puruSo che ethI paNa emAM vikAsa ane unmAda che. mIrAM strI che ethI mIrAMnA padamAM mAdhurya-madhurA-bhakti che paNa emAM strIne, mAtra strIne

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mIrAM 349 na | ja sulabha ane sahaja evo saMkoca, saMyama, evI maryAdA, evuM zIla che. A dAsyabhakti, dAsIbhAva, mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM pragaTa thAya che : 'UbhI UbhI araja kare che mIrAM rAMkaDI mANIgara svAmI mAre maMdire padhAro sevA karuM dina rAtaDI 'rAma rAkhe tema rahIe odhavajI. rAma rAkhe tema rahIe. koI dina peraNa hIra ne cIra, koI dina sAdA rahIe. koI dina bhojana zIro ne pUrI, koI dina bhUkhyAM rahIe. koI dina rahevAne bAga bagIcA, koI dina jaMgala rahIe. koI dina sUvAne gAdI ne takiyA, koI dina bhoMya sUI rahIe. bAI mIrAM kahe prabhu giridharanA guNa, sukhaduHkha sau sahI rahIe." rahasyadarzana ane saMpradAya mIrAM bhakta che, saMta che. mIrAMno paramezvara e bhaktano, saMtano paramezvara che. mIrAMno paramezvara pratyeno prema e bhakti che, premalakSaNA bhakti, A bhakti "parI aravita zvare' che. e paramapremasvarUpA che.mIrAMno paramezvarano ane paramezvaranA premano anubhava e rahasyamaya anubhava (mystical experience) che. mIrAMne paramezvaranuM pratyakSa jJAna hatuM, paramezvarano takSaNa sadya anubhava (direct and immediate knowledge and experience of God) hato. mIrAM rahasyavAdI ('rahasyavAda," 'rahasyavAdI' e zabdomAM vAdanI gaMdha che, e zabdothI gerasamajane avakAza che. 'rahasyamArga, 'rahasyamArgI zabdonI paNa e ja maryAdA che. rahasyadarzana, rahasyadarzI vadhu saMtoSakAraka che.) hatI, mystic hatI. A anubhava e paramezvaranI kRpA che, karuNA che, paramezvarano anugraha che. vaiSa vRkhate tene 7mya' | paramezvara jene pasaMda kare che, jene vare che te manuSyane ja A anubhava thAya che. jema agnithI ja agni pragaTa thAya che tema paramezvarathI ja paramezvara pragaTa thAya che, paramezvaranA premathI ja paramezvarano prema ane bhaktithI ja bhakti pragaTa thAya che. "svayam rtarUpatA, rnarUpatI'! A anubhava paramezvara, paramezvarano prema, bhakti svayaMbhU che, svata:siddha che, svajAta che. ethI je manuSyane A anubhava thAya che ane potAne paNa A anubhava jANe ke pUrvajanmanI prIta che, janmajanmAntarano anubhava che, Adi kSaNano anubhava che, balake anAdi anubhava che evuM Azcarya thAya che. "prAzane vApi pati." ethI koI virala vyaktine ja A anubhava thAya che. koI viralAne hAthe caDiyuM." AvI vyakti atulya ane anupama hoya che, ananya ane advitIya, ekameva (Su generis) hoya che. anya mAyALa tyA | mana te' A anubhavamAM

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350 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 anya Azrayo saMpradAya, paMtha, mArga, mata, vAda Adino paNa tyAga hoya che, sI tu pharma jJAnayogogapravitarI.' A anubhava karma, jJAna, yogathI paNa adhikatara che. A anubhava jema svajAta che tema svakhyAta paNa che. *pramaU[ntarasya manapekSatnIt svayam pramANa patthAt.' svayaM paramezvara ja paramezvaranuM pramANa che, prameya che. paramezvarano manuSya pratyeno prema ane manuSyano paramezvara pratyeno prema svayaM premanuM pramANa che. prameya che. enuM anya koI pramANa nathI, prameya nathI. anya koI pramANanI, prameyanI apekSA paNa nathI. 'sUkSmataram anumavarUpa' e sUkSmatara che, anubhavarUpa che. A anubhavane anubhavathI ja jANI mANI-pramANI zakAya. "anubhavI hoya te jANe re." "ghAyala kI gata ghAyala jAne, aura na jAne koI!" nirvavanIyam' A anubhava anirvacanIya che. mUhsvIvana.' A anubhava mUkanA AsvAdana jevo che. mUgA mANasane svAdano anubhava thAya paNa pachI e anubhavane e vANImAM vyakta karI zakato nathI. zabda paNa enuM pramANa nathI, prameya nathI. e zabdAtIta che. aneka rahasyadarzIoe ene zabdamAM pragaTa karavAno, zabdastha karavAno prayatna ja nathI karyo ene vize mauna dhAraNa karyuM che. to vaLI aneka rahasyadarzIoe ene zabadamAM pragaTa karavA mATe zabda azakta che, apUrNa che evo zabda vizeno anubhava,anivAryapaNe asaMtoSano anubhava thayA vinA rahyo nathI. " vyAvRttamananI tofpa mavazravaNakIrtanA." ethI sAdhusaMtasamAgama ane bhajana-kIrtanazravaNa e mIrAMnA jIvananuM, enA jIvananI dinacaryAnuM eka aMtargata aMga hatuM. eTale ke mIrAMne hAthe balake kaMThe A anubhava zabdamAM pragaTa karavAnuM, zabdastha karavAnuM, alabatta, bhajanakIrtanarUpe, padarUpe ApoApa thayuM hatuM. meDatA, mevADa, vRndAvana, dvArikA-samagra uttara-pazcima bhAratamAM bhramaNa ane yAtrA, sAdhusaMtasamAgama ane zravaNa Adine kAraNe samakAlIna dharmamAM je je saMpradAya, paMtha, mArga, mata,vAda hatA te sauthI, e saunI paribhASAthI mIrAM paricita hatI. eNe enAM bhajanakIrtanamAM, padamAM A paribhASAno niHsaMkoca upayoga karyo che. AvI paribhASA mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM koI zabda ke zabdagucchamAM, koI paMkti ke paMktigucchamAM che. koIka padamAM raidAsa, caitanya AdinA nAmano paNa ullekha che. paNa e parathI mIrAM A ke te saMpradAya, paMtha, mArga, mata ke vAdamAM hatI athavA enI asaramAM hatI evuM siddha karavuM, are, evuM anumAna sudhdhAM karavuM zakya nathI. paNa je vAcako ane vivecako mATe mIrAMnuM koIpaNa eka pada AkhuM ne AkhuM AdithI aMta lagI, savizeSa to koIpaNa padanI aMtima paMkti dhyAnathI ane dhRtithI vAMcavAnuM zakya nathI temane mATe AvuM anumAna zakya che. vaLI jemane mIrAMnAM padamAMthI jemAM AvI paribhASA

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mIrca 351 hoya e zabda ke zabdaguccha, e paMkti ke paMktiguccha samagra padanA ane mIrAMnA samagra jIvananA saMdarbhamAM nahIM paNa ethI svataMtra vAMcavAnI, kadAcane aMgata rasaruci ane zraddhA-mAnyatAne kAraNe, Teva hoya che emane mATe AvuM anumAna anivArya hoya che. 'rAmane kAraNe mIrAM rAmabhaktinA saMpradAyamAM hatI athavA enI asaramAM hatI evuM anumAna anivArya hoya che. "rAma ramakaDuM jaDiyuM padamAM eka mAtra prathama zabda 'rAmane kAraNe mIrAM rAmabhaktinA saMpradAyamAM hatI athavA enI asaramAM hatI evuM anumAna anivArya to zuM, zakya paNa nathI. kAraNa ke pachI tarata ja bIjI paMkti che, "rumajhuma karatuM mAre maMdira padhAryuM, nahIM koIne hAthe ghaDiyuM. mIrAMnA svaprayatnathI, jJAna-karma-yoganA phalarUpe mIrAMne paramezvara prApta thayo nathI. e to ene jaDyo che, sahasA jaDyo che. paramezvara svayaM svecchAe padhAryo che. koIne hAthe, koI koI saMpradAya AdithI enuM sarjana thayuM nathI. ane aMtima paMkti che, bAI mIrAMke prabhu giridhara nAgara, mAruM mana zAmaLiyAnuM jaDiyuM-mIrAMno paramezvara to giridhara nAgara che, rAma nahIM. mIrAMnuM mana to zAmaLiyAmAM jaDavuM che, rAmamAM nahIM. have pAche pagale rAmano artha jemAM mIrAMnuM mana rame che te rAma eTale ke kRSNa, A padamAM rAmabhaktino saMpradAya to zuM, paNa koI saMpradAyanuM anumAna zakya nathI. mIrAM samakAlIna dharmanA A ke te koI saMpradAya AdimAM ke enI asaramAM nahatI. ethI to caitanya, vallabha Adi saMpradAyanA sAhityamAM ane padasaMcayamAM mIrAMnA jIvanano ane mIrAMnAM padano ullekha nathI. emAM mIrAMnA jIvana pratye sarvatra upekSA ane udAsInatA che, ane kyAMka bahiSkAra ane tiraskAra che. mIrAMnA jIvananI ane mIrAMnA padanI vikRtinuM A paNa eka kAraNa che. mIrAMnA jIvana ane mIrAMnA pada vize eka paNa AdhAra ke pramANa nathI enuM paNa A eka kAraNa che. mAtra kabIra ane nAnaka jevA saMta ane bhaktanA padasaMcayamAM mIrAMnA keTalAMka padano saMcaya thayo che e ja. mIrAMmAM koI khaMDanamaMDana nathI, koI vAdaprativAda nathI. kAraNa ke mIrAM koI saMpradAya AdimAM na hatI. ane mIrAMne koI ziSyA na hatI ke koI ziSya nahato. "mIrAM sUta jAyo nahIM, ziSya na mUMDyo koI!' eNe "jagatagosAMInInI kalpanA ja mAtra karI hatI, e strI hatI ethI ane ethI ye vizeSa to e rahasyadarzI hatI, bhakta hatI, saMta hatI, enuM darzana ekatAnuM darzana hatuM, samanvayanuM darzana hatuM, sAmaMjasyanuM darzana hatuM, sarvadharmasamabhAvanuM, darzana hatuM. mIrAM koInI na hatI ane saunI hatI. koI enuM na hatuM ane sau enuM hatuM. enAmAM saguNa-sAkArano anubhava che ane nirguNa-nirAkArano anubhava che. samakAlIna viNabhakti, zivabhakti, rAmabhakti-bhaktimArgathI ane saMtaparaMparAthI paNa

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35ra gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 mIrAM para che. mIrAMnI bhakti bhale kRSNabhakti che paNa mIrAMno kRSNa aitihAsika ke paurANika kRSNa nathI, mahAbhAratano ke bhAgavatano kRSNa nathI. mAMno kRSNa eno aMgata kRSNa che, je kRSNane eNe AtmasAt karyo che e kRSNa che. mIrAM svayaM gopI che, rAdhA che, kRSNanI patnI che, priyA che, sakhI che, dAsI che. mIrAM kRSNanI sAthe svakIyA, parakIyArUpe milana, viraha, saMbhoga zRMgAra, vipralaMbha zRMgAra ane aMte zAMta rasa anubhave che. mIrAMnI bhakti premalakSaNA bhakti che. mIrAMnI A premabhaktino paiDo nyAro' che. Ama, mIrAMno paramezvara paMthamAM nathI, graMthamAM nathI, are, gokulavRndAvanamAM paNa nathI. mIrAMno paramezvara to che mIrAMnA hRdayamAM. mIrAM eTale hRdaya, mAnavahRdaya, mIrAMno rahasyadarzI anubhava mIrAMnAM aneka padamAM pragaTa thAya che : mIrAMne pUrvajanmanI prIta mArI prIta pUravanI re zuM karuM?" huM to giridharane mana bhAvI re pUrva janamanI huM vrajataNI gopI, cUka thAtAM ahIM AvI re 'pUrava janamanI prIta hatI tyAre harie jhAlyA hAthe 'sapanAmAM paraNI zrIgoviMdane 'AvatAM ne jAtAM mAraga vacce amUlakha vastu jaDI' 'rAma ramakaDuM jaDiyuM. rumajhuma karatuM mAre maMdira padhAryuM, nahIM koIne hAthe ghaDiyuM. ..koI viralAne hAthe caDiyuM. mIrAM ke prabhu giridharanAgara, mAruM mana zAmaLiyAnuM jaDiyuM." mana mAruM rahyuM nyAruM.' meM to hRdamAM oLakhyA rAma' "vahAlo hRdayakamaLamAM vasatA ghelAnI vAto ghelA jANe ne duniyA zuM jANe?" ghAyalanI gati ghAyala jANe ghelo nugaro zuM jANe enA manamAM re? bhedu vinA kone kahIe? bheduDA hoya to bheda pichAne saMto agamanigamanI khabaro laIe' koNa jANe re bIjo koNa jANe? mArA hAla to phakIrI mAlamI vinA? kubuddhiDA kAMI nava jANe harinI bhaktimAM vahAlA,

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mIcaM 353 samajayA vinA nokhuM nokhuM tANe." premanI vAta che nyArI odhavajI premanI vAtache nyArI, premanI vAtamAM, odhA, tame zuM jANo? bIjA zuM jANe saMsArI? tamAro raMga, odhA, raMga che pataMgano, amAro raMga che karArI." piyA kAraNa pILI bhaI re, loka jANe ghaTaroga; nADIvaidya teDAviyA re, pakaDI dhaMdhoLI mArI bAMha e re pIDA parakhe nahIM, mAre karaka kALajaDAnI mAMhe gaMgA jamanA gharane AMgaNe aDasaTha tIratha saMtone caraNe koTi kAzI ne koTi gaMga' aDasaTha tIratha mArA saMtone caraNe koTika kAzI ne koTika gaMga' koIne bhAva bhavAnI upara, koIne vahAlA pIra; gaMgA re koIne ne jamanA re koIne, koIne aDasaTha tIra' 'aDasaTha tIratha saMtone caraNe, nitya triveNImAM hAuM, ekAdazI vrata koNa kare? huM to traNe yaNAM khAuM, mIrAM ke prabhu giridhara nAgara, harirasa pIuM ne pAuM.' japatapa tIratha mAre cAre padAratha, e to sau ApanA caraNamAM; prema karIne hRdayamaMdira padhAro, vahAlA, na jozo jAta ko varaNamAM?" japatapa tIratha kAMIye na jANuM, pharata meM udAsI re; maMtra ne jaMtra kAMIye na jANuM, veda paDhayo na gaI kAzI re hAM re hari vase harinA janamAM re, hAM re tame zuM karazo jaI vanamAM re? bhekha dharI tame zIda bhaTako cho? prabhu nathI vanamAM ke araNyamAM re, kAzI jAo ne gaMgAjI nhAo, prabhu nathI pANI pavanamAM re, joga karo ne bhale jagana karAvo, prabhu nathI homa havanamAM re. bAI mIrAM ke prabhu giridhara nAgara, hari vase che harinA janamAM re." bhaktirasanI kavitAno phuvAro bhAratavarSamAM veda-upaniSadakALathI, jJAna, karma ane bhaktino mahimA che. bhagavadgItAmAM enA saMpUrNa samanvayanuM bhavya sundara darzana che. rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata-purANakALathI viSNu, rAma ane kRSNa-bhakti tathA zivabhaktino vikAsa thato rahyo che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM zaMkara ane bAra AlavAra saMto ane tyAra pachI rAmAnuja, madhya ane nimbArka ane tyAra pachI uttara bhAratamAM rAmAnaMda, vallabha ane caitanya Adine

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354 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 kAraNe viSNu, rAma ane kRSNa-bhaktinI parAkASThA pragaTa thAya che. emAM jayadeva, vidyApati, caMDIdAsa Adi kavionuM paNa mahattvanuM arpaNa che. madhyayuganA bhAratavarSamAM jJAnezvara, nAmadeva, narasiMha, tulasIdAsa, kabIra, nAnaka Adi bhakto ane saMtonI bhaktaparaMparA ane saMtaparaMparAe tathA alpAtialpa aMze sUphIvAda ane khristI dharmanI asare A bhaktine bhAratavyApI svarUpa ApyuM, brAhmaNone atipriya evA uccanIcanA sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika bhedabhAvathI mukta ane bahujanasamAjane atisulabha evuM svarUpa ApyuM. emAM emaNe saMskRtane sthAne lokavANImAM emanuM je padasarjana karyuM enuM mahAna arpaNa che. A bhaktaparaMparAe, saMtaparaMparAe madhyayuganA samagra bhAratavarSamAM bhaktinuM ane e dvArA dharmanuM je vAtAvaraNa racyuM te abhUtapUrva che. jagatanA ItihAsamAM madhyayuganA bhAratavarSanI A bhaktaparaMparA, saMtaparaMparA e eka apUrva ane advitIya ghaTanA che. tyArapachI 1500 thI 1675 lagI poNAbaso varSa lagI eka mAtra speInamAM mahadaMze AvI bhaktaparaMparAnuM, saMtaparaMparAnuM AvI ghaTanAnuM darzana thAya che. A bhaktaparaMparAnI, saMtaparaMparAnI mIrAMne mahAna sahAya hatI. mIrAMe enAM padanuM sarjana lokavANImAM, aMbAlAla sAkaralAla jene prajA samastanIvANI kahe che emAM karyuM. mIrAMnAM pada lipibaddha na hatAM. mIrAMe sAdhusaMtasamAgama ane bhajanakIrtanazravaNanI enI dinacaryAnA eka aMgarUpe enAM padanuM sarjana karyuM hatuM. ethI mIrAMe pote ene hastapratamAM lipibaddha karyA nathI. vaLI mIrAM koI saMpradAya AdimAM na hatI ethI koI saMpradAya AdinA padasaMcayamAM paNa e lipibaddha thayAM nathI. mIrAMnAM pada samakAlIna ane anukAlIna bhaktajanonA, prajAjanonA kaMThamAM baddha thayAM che. mIrAM janma ane lagne rAjasthAnI tathA tyAge vrajavAsI ane dvArikAvAsI hatI. mathurAnI pazcima sImA lagInA A samagra pradezanI tyAre je bhASA hatI te jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI athavA mAru-gurjara. ane mathurAmAM tathA mathurAnI AsapAsanA pradezamAM vraja bolI astitvamAM hatI. A jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI saMdhikALanI bhASA hatI. saMbhava che ke mIrAMe enAM sau pada eka ja bhASAmAM, jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnamAM racyAM hoya ane emAM prAdezika parivartanano AraMbha mIrAMnA jIvanakALa pachI thayo hoya to te pradezanA anukAlIna bhaktajanoe, prajAjanoe te te pradezanI bhASAmAM eTale ke rAjasthAnI ane gujarAtI tathA vraja ema traNa bhASAomAM mIrAMnAM sau padanuM rUpAntara karyuM hoya. jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnanA prAdezika parivartanono AraMbha mIrAMnA jIvanakALamAM ja thayo hoya to mIrAM rAjasthAna, vraja ane gujarAta traNe traNe pradezomAM vasI hatI ethI ane haju to parivartanano AraMbha ja hato ethI rAjasthAna ane gujarAtanA pradezonI bhASAomAM AtyaMtika

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mIrAM 355 asAmya. na hoya ethI mIrAMe enAM keTalAMka pada rAjasthAnI bhASAmAM, keTalAMka pada gujarAtI bhASAmAM, tathA keTalAMka pada vraja bhASAmAM ema traNa bhASAmAM racyAM hoya ane mIrAM prathama rAjasthAnamAM vasI hatI eTale rAjasthAnI bhASAmAM racyAM hoya ane mIrAM prathama rAjasthAnamAM vasI hatI eTale rAjasthAnI bhASAmAM pada AraMbhamAM, pachI vrajamAM vasI hatI eTale vraja bhASAnAM pada madhyamAM ane aMtamAM gujarAtamAM vasI hatI eTale gujarAtI bhASAnAM pada aMtamAM-A kramamAM racyAM hoya ane pachI te te pradezanA anukAlIna bhaktajanoe, prajAjanoe te te pradezanI bhASAmAM mIrAMnAM je pada hoya tenuM rUpAMtara karyuM hoya. mIrAMe enAM sau pada eka ja bhASAmAM jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI bhASAmAM racyAM hoya ke keTalAMka pada rAjasthAnI bhASAmAM, keTalAMka pada gujarAtI bhASAmAM tathA keTalAka pada vraja bhASAmAM ema traNa bhASAomAM racyAM hoya-paNa Aje emanuM ja svarUpa che e svarUpamAM to nahIM ja racyAM hoya, ethI bhinna svarUpamAM ja racyAM haze. kAraNa ke AjanI rAjasthAnI, vraja ane gujarAtI bhASAothI mIrAMnA jIvanakALanI e bhASAo (ane jo prAdezika parivartana na thayuM hoya to jUnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI bhASA) bhinna hatI. mIrAMe je bhASA athavA bhASAomAM pada racyAM enuM te te pradezonA anukAlIna bhaktajanoe, prajAjanoe te te pradezanI bhASAmAM satata rUpAMtara karyuM che ane ema Aje mIrAMnAM sau pada mIrAMe je svarUpamAM racyAM hoya ethI bhinna svarUpamAM astitvamAM che. mIrAM bhakta hatI, saMta hatI, rahasyadarzI hatI. sAdhusaMtasamAgamanI ane bhajanakIrtanazravaNanI enI dinacaryA hatI. ethI mIrAMne mATe potAnAM padanuM sarjana lokavANImAM karavuM anivArya paNa hatuM. ethI mIrAMnAM padanuM lokahRdayamAM sthAna che. sAkSarothI mAMDI nirakSaro lagI emanI apIla che. mIrAMnAM padanI vANI sarala ane sundara che, lalita ane komala che, madhura ane rasika che. ethI mIrAMnAM pada haMmeza mATe hRdayamAM ramyAM kare che. mIrAMnAM pada jeTalAM lokapriya che eTalAM gujarAtI bhASAnA koI paNa -narasiMha suddhAMkavinAM pada bhAgye ja lokapriya haze. mIrAMnAM pada AraMbhamAM gujarAtathI baMgALa lagI samagra uttara bhAratamAM ane have samagra bhAratavarSamAM lokapriya che, AvI akhila bhAratIya lokapriyatA bhAgye ja koI kavinAM padane varI haze. mIrAMnAM pada bhale hastapratamAM lipibaddha na thayAM, saMpradAyanAM padasaMcayamAM saMgRhita na thayAM paNa lokonI hRdayapothImAM saMcita thayAM che, lokonI hRdayapratamAM aMkita thayAM che. kaMThopakaMTha, karNopakarNa paraMparA dvArA astitvamAM rahyAM che. mIrAMnAM kula lagabhaga caudaso pada astitvamAM che. emAM gujarAtI bhASAmAM kula lagabhaga cAraso pada . mIrAMnuM kartutva jemAM zaMkAspada hoya evAM padano paNa emAM samAveza thAya che. jo ke ethI lokone

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356 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 hAthe-balake kaMThe emanuM rUpAMtara paNa thayuM che. ethI vikRta paNa thayAM che ane mIrAMnAM padamAM mIrAMnA kartutvano mahAprazna Aje paNa aNauttara che. mIrAMnAM padamAM je laya che te atyaMta bhAvavAhI ane pravAhI che. saMgItamaya ane saMgItakSama che. kyAreka tRta ane kyAreka vilaMbita gatino A laya milana ane virahanA anubhavamAM AnaMda ane vedanAnA bhAvane ane zRMgArarasane ane aMte zAMtarasane anurUpa ane anukULa che. pRthvImAMthI jema phuvAro phUTe tema hRdayamAMthI jANe A laya phUTyo na hoya! A laya hRdayano laya che, lohIno ane AtmAno laya paNa che. bola mA, bola mA, bola mA, premanI, premanI, premanI, bole jhINA mora', 'UpADI gAMsaDI veThanI', 'mukhaDAnI mAyA lAgI re -koI paNa pAMceka padano mAtra sAdo pATha paNa A layanI riddhi siddhi tarata pragaTa karI Apaze, enI bhAvocitatAnI, kAvyakSamatAnI pratIti karAvI Apaze. mIrAM marabhUminuM saMtAna hatI. ethI eNe jagata ane jIvanano, saMsArano tApa reta ane lUnA pratIka dvArA pragaTa karyo che. UnI UnI retamAM paga baLe che, lU vAya che mAsa jeThanI re.... jagata ane jIvanano, saMsArano agni asahaya che chatAM paramezvara mATenI potAnI laganI azamya che - laganI lAgIche mane TheThanI re.' eNe paramezvara pratyeno potAno A prema jalanA pratIka dvArA pragaTa karyo che. "saMsArInuM sukha evuM; jhAMjhavAnA nIra jevuM, - jagata ane jIvananuM, saMsAranuM sukha 'jhAMjhavAnA nIra jevuM che, marUbhUminA mRgajala jevuM che A jala che ja nahIM, A to chala che. je jala che ja nahIM te pI zakAya? enAthI tRSA chipAvI zakAya? eka to jala che ja nahIM ane hoya to samudranA jala jevuM che, khAruM che. mAtra meDatA ane mevADa ja khAropATa nathI. samagra jagata ane jIvana, sAroye saMsAra khAropATa che. khArA samudramAM amRta vaheLiyuM re evI che bhakti amArI.", "goviMdo prANa amAro re, mane jaga lAgyo khAro re', 'mukhaDuM meM joyuM tAruM, sarva jaga thayuM khAruM."-jagata ane jIvananA, saMsAranA samudramAM jala to che, apAra jala che, paNa khAruM che. te pI zakAya? enAthI tRSA chipAvI zakAya? jala che ja nahIM ane che to khAruM che. ethI mIrAMne jala, mIThuM jala pIvuM che, amRta pIvuM che. to ja enI tRSA chIpe, to ja ene tRpti thAya. paramezvara pratyeno potAno prema, potAnI bhakti te ja A jala, A amRta. to paramezvarano potAnA pratyeno prema mIrAMe bANa, tIra, bhAlo ane kaTArI -zastronAM pratIka dvArA pragaTa karyo che. emAM prAcIna sAhityamAM pracalita kAmadevanA zastranI preraNA hoya paNa mIrAM meDatAnI rAjakuMvarI hatI ane mevADanI bhAvi mahArANI hatI ethI e yuddhakaLAnuM zikSaNa pAmI hatI

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mIrAM 357 ane aneka yuddho ane hatyAonI e parokSapaNe sAkSI hatI ethI mIrAMnA A anubhavanI preraNA emAM avazya vizeSa haze. dehanI tRSAnAM ane dehanA traNanAM, dehanI vedanAnAM A pratIko dvArA paramezvara pratyenA mIrAMnA premanI ane mIrAM pratyenA paramezvaranA premanI tIvratA, tIkSNatAane vedhakatAnI pratIti thAya che. mIrAMnA padamAM eka mAtra paramezvaranAM ja citro che, kRSNanAM ja citro che ane e raMgaberaMgI laghucitro che. paMkti be paMktimAM, kyAreka to ardha paMktimAM pIMchInA, balake kalamanA (nA, kaMThanA) eka AchA, haLavA lasarakAthI kRSNanuM raMgaberaMgI citra, manahara ane manabhara citra sarjAya che: pILAM pItAMbara, jarakazI jAmo, kesara ADa karI, mora mugaTa ne kAne re kuMDaLa, mukha para moralI dharI." mIrAMnAM pada mIrAMnI bhakta tarIkenI, saMta tarIkenI sAdhusaMta samAgamanI ane bhajanakIrtananI dinacaryAnA eka anivArya aMgarUpa che. ethI emAM gIta-saMgItanuM advaita che. saMgIta vinA mIrAMnA eke padanuM astitva kalpI zakAtuM nathI. mIrAM mahAna saMgItajJa hatI. eNe malhAra rAganuM maulika sarjana karyuM hatuM. mIrAMnI saMgItanI sUkSma sUjhasamajane kAraNe to tAnasenanuM mIrAM sAthe milana thayuM hatuM. koI subdhalakSmIne kaMThe mIrAMnuM pada gavAya che tyAre enuM pUrNa rUpa, svarUpe pragaTa thAya che, enI pUrNa AdhyAtmika, dhArmika pratibhA pragaTa thAya che, enA alaukika, divya sauMdaryanI pratIti thAya che. gAMdhIjInI, emanA aMtima janmadine, dilhImAM subdhalakSmIne kaMThe mIrAMnuM 'hari tuma haro janakI bhIra' pada sAMbhaLavAnI icchA hatI. subbalakSmI madrAsamAM hatAM. dilhI javAya evo emano saMjoga na hato subdhalakSmIe mIrAMnAM je pada pote taiyAra karyA hatAM te gAIne enI rekorDa karAvI dilhI mokalI ApavAnuM vicAryuM. paNa emAM 'hari tuma haro janakI bhIra' pada na hatuM. paNa gAMdhIjInI anya eke pada nahIM paNa A ja pada sAMbhaLavAnI tIvra IcchA hatI. subbalakSmIe A pada pote taiyAra karyuM na hatuM ethI anya koI vyaktine kaMThethI gAMdhIjIe A pada sAMbhaLavuM ema sUcavyuM. tyAre gAMdhIjIno lAkSaNika uttara AvyoH nA, subdhalakSmIe A pada taiyAra na karyuM hoya ethI gAI na zake to eno mAtra pATha kare. pote anya koI vyaktine kaMThethI A pada gavAtuM sAMbhaLavA karatAM subbalakSmIne kaMThe eno mAtra pATha sAMbhaLavAnuM vadhu pasaMda karaze. okaTobaranI pahelIno A divasa hato. subdhalakSmIe rAtorAta A pada taiyAra karyuM, rAtanA be vAge gAIne enI rekorDa taiyAra karAvIne okaTobaranI bIjInI vahelI savAre vimAnamAM dilhI gAMdhIjIne

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358 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 mokalI ApyuM. Ama,aMtima janmadine mIrAMnuM A ja pada ane subdhalakSmIne ja kaMThe gAMdhIjIe sAMbhaLyuM tyAre emane saMtoSa thayo hato mIrAMnAM padamAM prakRtinuM darzana nahIM paNa varNana mAtra che ane te paNa kavacit emAMye mAtra phAgaNa ane zrAvaNanuM ja, vasaMta ane varSAnuM ja. ane te paNa paramezvara pratyenA premamAM milana ane virahanA anubhavanI, AnaMda ane vedanAnA bhAvanI, saMbhoga zRMgAra ane vipralaMbha zRMgAra rasanI bhUmikArUpe ja. Ama, mIrAMnA padamAM prakRti pradhAna nathI, prakRtino prakRtirUpe mahimA nathI, prakRti gauNa che. prakRti dvArA mahimA to paramezvarano, paramezvaranA premano ja che. mIrAMnAM padamAM koI puruSa, mAnavI puruSa pratyenA premanuM, mAnuSI premanuM darzana nathI, to samagra manuSyajAti pratyenA premanuM, vizvapremanuM paNa darzana nathI. mIrAMnAM padamAM mAtra paramezvaranuM, paramezvaranA premanuM darzana che. ethI mIrAMnAM pada paramezvara sAthenA potAnA aMgata, AtmIya saMbaMdha vizenI svagatoktirUpa, paramezvara sAthenA potAnA ekAnta saMvAdarUpa che. ethI enAM padanuM laghukAya svarUpa che. ethI emAM anubhavanI tIvratA tathA bhAva ane rasanI ugratA che. mIrAMe dIrghamadhyama kadanI nATyAtmaka, kathAtmaka kAvya kRtionuM, madhyayugamAM pracalita kAvyaprakAro -prakaraNa, prabaMdha, AkhyAna AdimAM kAvyakRtionuM sarjana karyuM nathI enuM Azvarya na thavuM joIe. "narasiMharA mAhyarA', "satabhAmAnuM rUsaNuM-Adi dIrghamadhyama kadanI nATyAtmaka, kathAtmaka kAvyakRtionuM mIrAMnuM kartutva narasiMha ane kRSNanA jIvananI preraNAthI jema mIrAMe dvArikAvAsa karyo hato ema e ja preraNAthI mIrAMe A kAvyakationuM sarjana karyuM hoya evA tarkane AdhAre, siddha karavAno prayatna thayo che. paNa A kAvyakRtionI alabhya kAvyasiddhinA saMdarbhamAM ane vizeSa to mIrAMnA padanI aDhaLaka kAvyasiddhinA saMdarbhamAM A kAvyakRtionuM mIrAMnuM kartatva che ema siddhi karavuM zakya nathI. aneka saMtoe anya manuSyo sAthenA emanA saMgharSa aMgenAM pada racyAM che. vyavahAra jIvananI viSamatA ane vikaTatA aMgenAM pada racyAM che. aMgata jIvananAM pada racyAM che. alabatta, emAM kyAMya Atmastuti ke AtmazlAghA nathI. ane AtmadayA to nathI ja nathI. emAM mAtra vinaya ane vinamratA ja che. mIrAMnA padamAM paNa keTalAMka AvAM pada che. paNa jeNe potAnA nAmano paNa kadAca tyAga karyo hato ane je pachIthI potAno samasta bhUtakALa bhUMsavAnI hatI, potAnuM samagra vyaktitva lopavAnI hatI ane aMte ajJAtavAsamAM vasavAnI hatI e svamukhe potAnI kathA, AtmakathA gAya? e aMgata jIvanAM pada race? mIrAM' zabda vize be anumAno che. mIrAM' zabda phArasImAMthI Avyo che.

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mIrAM 359 enA artho che: paramezvara (kabIranAM traNa padamAM A artha che), agraNI (mIrAM zAha sUphI ajameramAM A artha che) ane amIra. Ama, mIrAMbAI' eTale paramezvaranI patnI mIrAMnA padamAM mero pati soi AdimAM A artha sUcavAya che), agraNI strI, amIra strI. "mIrAM' zabda saMskRtamAMthI Avyo che. "mIra=mIrAM" saMskRtamAM "mIrano artha che : samudra. "mIrAM' zabda saMskRta zabda "mihiranA parivartanarUpa hoya to 'mihirano artha che : sUrya. "mIrAM jo phArasI zabda hoya to dudAjI athavA mIrAMnA mAtApitA mIrAMnuM "mIrAM' evuM nAmAbhidhAna kare? ethI prazna thAya che ke mIrAMnuM nAma "mIrAM' haze? mIrAMnuM asala nAma "mIrAM' hoya ke na hoya, paNa mIrAMnA pratyeka padanI aMtima paMktimAM AraMbhe "mIrAM' nAmano "chApa' rUpe mIrAMe pote ja ullekha karyo che. ethI jo mIrAM e mIrAMnuM upanAma hoya ane mIrAMnuM asala nAma vismRta hoya to paNa mIrAMne mIrAM nAma svIkRta che. eno artha e thayo ke mIrAMe enA nAmano tyAga karyo hato. ane to hamaNAM ja AgaLa pUchyo te prazna pUchI zakAya ke e aMgata jIvananAM pada race? mIrAMe AvAM pada racyAM hoya to paNa emAMthI je padamAM paraniMdA hoya, tiraskAra hoya, camatkAra hoya, AtmadayA hoya e padanuM kartutva to mIrAMnuM na ja hoya e niHzaMka che. mIrAMnAM padanI racanAtAla vize koI AdhAra ke pramANa nathI. ethI mIrAMnAM padano krama nizcita ke nirbhIta nathI. paNa mIrAMe prathama mukhyatve viraha ane vedanAnAM, vipralaMbha zRMgAranAM pada racyAM haze ane pachI mukhyatve milana ane AnaMdanAM, saMbhoga zRMgAranAM ane savizeSa to zAMta rasanAM pada racyAM haze evuM anumAna mIrAMnA jIvananA kramanA anumAna sAthe susaMgata ane susaMvAdI che. jo ke mIrAMnAM padamAM paramezvara, paramezvarano potAnI pratyeno prema ane potAno paramezvara pratyeno prema, e ja eka mAtra viSaya-vastu che ethI mIrAMnAM padamAM kramano prazna atimahattvano prazna nathI. mIrAM ke prabhu giridhara nAgara' -mIrAMno paramezvara giridhara nAgara che. bole jhINA mora, rAjA, tArA DuMgariyA para bole jhINA mora - mIrAMno paramezvara rAjA che. ethI DuMgariyA para, nagarathI dUra, ucca sthAne, ekAntamAM vase che. to mIrAM paNa nAgarikA che. rAjavaMzI che. ethI to kyAreka A giridhara nAgaramAM, A rAjAmAM enA nAgaratva, rAjatvano abhAva pragaTa thAya che tyAre mIrAM ene hase che : prIta karI paNa karatAM na AvaDI, tuM naMda AhIrano choro." mIrAM bhakta hatI, saMta hatI paNa sAthe sAthe meDatAnI rAjakuMvarI hatI. mevADanI

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360 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 bhAvi mahArANI hatI, enAM padamAM suzikSita, susaMskArI, susaMskRta mAnasa pragaTa thAya che. enA A mAnasamAM rukSatA ke roMcApaNuM nathI, ruci ane rasikatA che. enA A mAnasamAM praziSTatA ane saujanya che, kulInatA ane zIlatA che, udAratA ane bhadratA che, mIrAMmAM mAnasanI amIrAI che. enA eka sAdyaMtasundara ane sarvAMgasaMpUrNa padamAM enuM A mAnasa saMpUrNapaNe pragaTa thAya che : upADI gAMsaDI veThanI re, kema nAMkhI devAya? e che raNachoDarAya zeThanI re, e che zAmaLazA zeThanI re. kema nAMkhI devAya?" UnI UnI retImAM paga baLe che, kema nAMkhI devAya? mIrAM ke prabhu giridhara nAgara, mane laganI lAgI che TheThanI re. kema nAMkhI devAya?" lU vAya mAsa jeThanI re. jANe ke eNe zi2 52 veThanI gAMsaDI upADI che e joIne ene koI sUcave che, nAMkhI de ne! nAMkhI de ne!" ane e e to raNachoDarAya zeThanI che, zAmaLazA zeThanI che' ema punarAvartana dvArA, bhale UnI UnI retImAM paga maLe, jeTha mAsanI lU vAya' chatAM 'mane TheThanI laganI lAgI che' ethI e sAmethI cAra vAra prazna pUche che, "kema nAMkhI devAya?" -veThanI', 'zeThanI', jeThanI' ane TheThanI'nA aMtyaprAsa nahIM paNa AMtaraprAsa ane kaima nAMkhI devAya?" nuM dhruvapadarUpe cAra vAra punarAvartanaemAM suzikSita, susaMskArI, susaMskRta mAnasano kevo layalaheko ane maroDa che! mIrAMno paramezvara ane e paramezvarano prema e koI saMpradAya Adino paramezvara ane prema nathI. koI jJAna-karma-yoganI nIpaja nathI. ethI mIrAMnAM padamAM koI khaMDanamaMDana nathI, koI vAdaprativAda nathI. mIrAMnuM ekaeka pada e pradhAnapaNe buddhinuM sarjana nathI. eno artha e nathI ke emAM buddhino abhAva che. paNa eno artha eTalo ja ke emAM mAtra buddhi nathI. ethI emAM sAragrAhitA, jJAnagRhyatA, vidvattA (electicism, esotericism, erudition) Adi buddhinAM prasiddha lakSaNo nathI. mIrAMnuM ekaeka pada pradhAnapaNe hRdayanuM sarjana che. ethI emAM bhAva, rasa, premabhakti Adi hRdayanAM prasiddha lakSaNo che. mIrAMnuM eke pada zramasAdhya ke kaSTasAdhya nathI. mIrAMnuM ekeeka pada mIrAMnI sahaja, sahasA svayaMsphuraNA che. mIrAMnAM koI koI padamAM to naryuM kathana hoya che. balavantarAye je anya saMdarbhamAM kahyuM che te mIrAMnAM AvAM padanA saMdarbhamAM savizeSa sAcuM che ke, keTalIkavAra naryuM kathana jAte UMcI amara kavitA hoya che.' mIrAMnuM ekeeka pada svabhAvokti che. emAM je anya alaMkAro

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mIrAM 36 1 hoya che e mukhya alaMkAranA aMtargata alaMkAro che. dharmakavitAnA mahAna aMgreja kavi jyaoNrja harbarTanI jema mIrAMe mAtra paramezvarano prema - e eka ja viSayavastu vize pada racyAM che. mIrAMnAM padamAM viSayavastunI vividhatA nathI evA asaMtoSa ke AkSepane koI avakAza ja nathI. mIrAMnAM padamAM bhale eka ja viSayavastu che paNa emAM anubhavanI, bhAva ane rasanI ekavidhatA (monotony) nathI. eTaluM ja nahIM, emAM anubhavanI tIvratA tathA bhAva ane rasanI ugratA che, gahanatA che, agAdhatA che, atalatA che. mIrA bhakta hatI, saMta hatI, ethI mIrAMe sAdhusaMtasamAgama ane bhajanakIrtananI enI dinacaryAnA eka aMgarUpe enAM padanuM sarjana karyuM hatuM. mIrAMe kavipada mATe, kavipaNA mATe, kaviveDA mATe athavA pada, prasiddhi, dhana ke kIrti mATe enAM padanuM sarjana karyuM nathI. mIrAM pAse dhana, kIrti, pada, pratiSThA, sattA zuM na hatuM? e sauno to eNe kyArano tyAga karyo hato. mIrAMe kavi tarIke nahIM,anubhavI tarIke; kAvyakAra tarIke nahIM, bhakta ane saMta tarIke enAM padanuM sarjana karyuM hatuM. ApaNA yugamAM DAga hemarazolTe emanI DAyarI "Markings' racI tyAre prasiddhi arthe nahIM paNa "rahasi racI hatI, sAhityarUpe tel 491 'a sort of 'White Book concerning my negotiations with myself-and with God' "mArI jAta sAthenA ane paramezvara sAthenA mArA saMvAdone lagatI eka prakAranI zveta pothI' rUpe racI hatI. chatAM mIrAM meDatAnI rAjakuMvarI hatI. e saMgItajJa hatI tema kAvyajJa paNa haze. ethI mIrAMe jayAre enAM padanuM sarjana karyuM haze tyAre sabhAnapaNe nahIM to abhAnapaNe paNa enI A kavitAkaLAnipuNatA, A kAvyajJatA pravRtta haze. kavitAnI sarjanaprakriyAmAM sabhAnaabhAna, saMprajJatA-asaMprajJatA e eka mahAkUTa prazna che. mIrAMnAM padamAM kAvyamayatA, kalAmayatA kayAM nathI? mIrAMnuM ekaeka pada kevuM svaccha ane sughaDa che. enI dhruvapaMkti, enA aMtarA, eno AraMbha, eno aMta, eno laya, enA prAsa badhuM ja sundara che. emAM kalAtmaka ekatA che. kyAMya chUMchA cheDA nahIM, kyAMya gAMThagUMca nahIM, kyAMya dorAdhAgA nahIM, kyAMya vAMkuMcUMkuM nahIM, kyAMya jADuM pAtaLuM nahIM, kyAMya DhIluMpocuM nahIM, badhuM ja sarakhuM, sIdhuM sudRDha, ghaTTa ane ghATIluM; saMpUrNa bharata-gUMthaNa jevuM suzliSTa, suMdara, kAMtaNa-vaNATa jevuM sugrathita. 'khUNe besIne meM to jhINuM re kAMtyuM emAM nathI rAkhyuM kaMI kAcuM re mIrAMe jhINuM karyuM che, kaMI kAcuM rAkhyuM nathI. ethI bhale mIrAMne kavipadanI paravA na hoya. kavitAsiddhinI paravA na hoya. paNa ApaNe ApaNI garaje mIrAMne

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36 2 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 kavi kahIzuM ane enAM padane kavitA kahIzuM. mIrAMnI kavitA jevI kavitAnuM darzana jagatakavitAmAM virala che. mIrAMnA samakAlIna evA senTa jahaoNna oNpha dha kraoNsanI kavitAmAM ane senTa teresAnA gadyamAM AvI kavitAnuM kyAreka darzana thAya che. jagatakavitAmAM mIrAMnA jIvananI jema jenA jIvana vize vikRtiono pA2 nathI ane anumAnonI paraMparA che ane jemAM moTAbhAganAM khaMDita kAvyo che evAM enAM kula baso eka kAvyono vacamAM ekAda hajAra varSa lagI saMcaya thayo na hato e sAphonI mAnuSI premanI kavitAnuM je sthAna che te sthAna mIrAMnI divya premanI kavitAnuM che. jagata kavitAmAM kavitAnA aneka rAjamArgo ane upamArgo che paNa mIrAMnI kavitA e kavitAno nyAro peMDo che. mIrAMnuM jIvana ane mIrAMnI kavitA e meDatAnI, mevADanI marubhUmimAM ja nahIM paNa jagatanI ane jIvananI, saMsAranI marubhUmimAM jANe ke dhavalojjavala agnijavAlA che. mIrAMnI kavitA e mIrAMnA ja hradayanI nahIM paNa mAnavahRdayanI AtmakathArUpa che, mIrAMnA ja AtmAnI nahIM paNa mAnavaAtmAnI AtmakathArUpa che. manuSya mAtranA hRdayamAM gUDha gopana prema che ane e 52mezvaramAM ja paryavasAna pAme tyAre ja dhanya thAya che, caritArtha thAya che. manuSya mAtranA AtmAmAM ekatAnI icchA che ane e paramAtmA sAthe anusaMdhAna pAme tyAre ja dhanya thAya che, caritArtha thAya che-A che mIrAMnA jIvananuM ane mIrAMnI kavitAnuM rahasya. govardhanarAme 1895mAM sUcavyuM hatuM ke mIrAM ekalapaMthI hatI ane pachI 1905mAM prazna pUchyo hato ke mIrAM jevI jvAlA kema ane kyAMthI pragaTI haze? ane enA uttaramAM sUcavyuM hatuM ke A jvAlA anya koI jayotinA prabhAvathI, jayadevanA gItagoviMdanA prabhAvathI pragaTI haze. AnaMdazaMkare enA anusaMdhAnamAM tarata ja emAM umeryuM hatuM ke A jvAlA caitanya ane rAmAnaMdanA prabhAvathI pragaTI haze. AgaLa kahyuM tema ane te kA2Ne A javAlA A ke te jayotinA prabhAvathI pragaTI haze ema lAge. paNa mIrAMnA jIvananA ane mIrAMnAM padanA saMdarbhamAM spaSTa che ke A javAlA svayaM pragaTI che. ane A javAlA anya koI jayotinA prabhAvathI pragaTI hoya to te jayoti che paramezvara. gAMdhIjIe 1942mAM eka saMvAdamAM mIrAM ane mIrAMnAM pada vize kahyuM hatuM, 'Mira's songs are always beautiful. They are so moving because they are so genuine. Mira sang because she could not help singing. Her songs well forth straight from the heart like a spray. They were not composed for the lure of fame or popular -

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mIrAM 363 applause as are some other's songs. There lies the secret of her lasting appeal'. mIrAMnAM pada haMmezA sundara lAge che. e bahu hRdayadrAvaka che kAraNa ke e sAcAM che. mIrAMe enAthI gAyA vinA nathI rahevAyuM ethI gAyuM che. enAM pada sIdhAM hRdayamAMthI phUTe che - phuvArAnI jema, anya keTalAMkanAM padanI jema enAM pada kIrti mATe ke lokapriyatA mATe racAyAM nathI. emAM enI haMmezanI apIlanuM rahasya che'. balavantarAye 1928 mAM narasiMhanAM ane mIrAMnA koI koI pada vize kahyuM hatuM ke ApaNe gujarAtIo eka avAje svIkArIzuM ke e trajA netranI prasAdI' che. subbalakSmIe 1966mAM nyUyorkamAM rASTrasaMghanI sAmAnya sabhA samakSa mIrAMnuM hira tuma haro janakI bhIra' pada gAyuM hatuM. mIrAM sUta jAyo nahIM, ziSya na mUMDo koI'-mIrAe jIvanamAM kazuM ja potAnuM nathI, badhuM ja paramezvaranuM che; mIrAMe yata:tavIyA -sau. manuSyo paramezvaranAM saMtAno che ane ethI 'nAsti tevu nA tavidhA paladhanakriyAviva:' jAti, vidyA, rUpa, dhana, kriyA AdinA bhedabhAva vinA sau samAna che ema mAnyuM ane mAnyuM evuM jIvyuM ane jItyuM evuM gAyuM. ethI mIrAMe kavitAmAM hira tuma haro janakI bhIra' -he hira, janakI, sau manuSyonI, manuSya mAtranI, samagra manuSyajAtinI bhIra haro, bhIDa bhAMgo ema gAyuM. mIrAMnA jIvanano ane mIrAMnI kavitAno ApaNA yugamAM ke koIpaNa yugamAM anivarcanIya artha che ane enuM mahAna mUlya che. saMdarbhanoMdha : Aja lagI mIrAMnA jIvana aMge gujarAtamAM je itihAsa-saMzodhananuM kArya thayuM che emAM tanasukharAma manasukharAma tripAThI, naTavaralAla raNachoDalAla jaMbusariyA ane zrI haramAna gyotsanI siddhi noMdhapAtra che. A lakhanAra itihAsakAra ke saMzodhanakAra nathI. mIrAMnAM padanA vAcananA saMdarbhamAM mIrAMnI je mUrti enA mana samakSa pragaTa thAya che tenI sAthe zrI haramAna gyotsanA lekhamAMnI mIrAMnA jIvana aMgenA anumAnanI ekeeka vigata susaMgata ane susaMvAdI che ethI e anumAnane AdhAre ahIM mIrAMnuM jIvana AraMbhe ApyuM che. bhaviSyamAM mIrAMnA jIvana aMge ane mIrAMnAM pada aMge vadhu saMzodhana avazya thaze, thavuM joIe. tyAM lagI zrI haramAna gyotsanA anumAnamAM mIrAMnuM je jIvanaciratra che te A lakhanArane Aja lagInAM mIrAMnAM jIvanacaritromAM sauthI vadhu svIkArya lAgyuM che, anya vAcakone paNa lAgaze. A lakhanAra zrI haramAna gyotsanA lekhano atyaMta RNI che. nAradanAM bhaktisUtromAMthI aneka sUtro ahIM avataraNa rUpe ApyAM che. mIrAMnAM pada

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364 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 samajavAmAM emanI amUlya sahAya che. mIrAMnAM pada aMgenA lakhANamAM aMte gAMdhIjIno saMvAda avataraNarUpe che. gAMdhIjIno A saMvAda dilIpakumAra rAya sAthe thayo hato. dilIpakumAra rAye emanA aMgrejI graMtha "Among the Great' (1950)mAM A saMvAda noMdhyo che.

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36 5 10 akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavio subhASa dave madhyakAlIna padyasAhityanuM vastuviSaya dRSTie vargIkaraNa karIe to emAM adhyAtmavidyAnuM anubhavajJAna nirUpatI padyadhArAno eka avicchinna strota prApta thAya che. emAM tattvajJAnanuM bauddhika nirUpaNa thayeluM paNa hoya che. A padyadhArAne sAhityanA itihAsakAroe jJAnamArgI ke jJAnAzrayI kAvyadhArA tarIke bahudhA oLakhAvI che. A paraMparAmAM saMnihita kavionuM preraNAbaLa prAyaH saMtasAhitya ane vedAnta che, ema emanI kRtionA abhyAsa parathI pratIta thAya che. paMdaramAM zatakanAM narasiMhanAM keTalAMka padomAM upaniSada vANInuM, sattaramA zatakanA narahari, gopAla, akho AdinI kRtiomAM kevalAdvaita vedAntanuM ane 19mA zatakanA dayArAmanI keTalIka kRtiomAM zuddhAdvaita vedAntanuM nirUpaNa spaSTa dekhAya che to e sAthe narasiMha, mIrAM, kRSNajI, narahari akho AdinI padaracanAomAM saMtavANInuM anusaMdhAna pAmI zakAya che. sureza joSIe, AthI ja kadAca, A jJAnamArgI saMjJAne aupacArika kahI che. ane te yathArtha lAge che. kAraNa ke A kavionI kRtiomAM jJAna saMjJA je saMketa pragaTa kare che, te zuSkavedAntajJAna nahIM, paNa AtmajJAnano che. AtmajJAna eTale aparokSAnubhUti. aparokSAnubhUti karavA mATe zAstrajJAna anivArya nathI. zAstrajJAnathI to kadAca aneka vighno UbhAM thavAno saMbhava rahe. zAstrajJAna sAthe, ethI ja kadAca, prema ane samarpaNanAM saMvedano pragaTAvatI bhaktibhAvanAnI AvazyakatA A kavioe svIkArI che. jJAna ane bhakti anyonyapUraka banI sAdhakane sAdhya sulabha karI Ape che, evI saMtasUjhane A dhArAnA kavioe vadhAvI lIdhI che. jJAnabhaktinAM saMvedanonI bahudhA saMpUkta sthiti nirUpatI A kavionI racanAomAM AthI nirguNasaguNa sAdhanAdhArAno navo ja tAjapabharyo arthasaMdarbha racAya che ane eka rIte aparokSAnubhutimAM raheluM vaiyaktikatAnuM mahattva

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36 6 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 paNa e kRtio pragaTa karI Ape che. AtmajJAnanI prApti mATe sAdhake kevIka sAdhanA karavI joIe enI vAta karatAM A kavioe abhIpsA (aspiration), AtmanirIkSaNa (self introspection), parityAga (rejection of movements) ane samarpaNa (surrender) nI prakriyA savizeSa rajU karI che. A prakriyAmAMthI pasAra thato sAdhaka sAdhanAnA sAdhyarUpe aparokSAnubhUtine pAme che, enI daDha pratIti paNa aparokSAnubhUtinA kRtakRtyatAnA emanA AnaMdodgAra ApaNe pAmI zakIe chIe. e rIte jotAM svarUpajJAnanI sAdhanAnA saMdezarUpa emanI racanAo banI rahe che. sAdhanAnI A prakyiA ja evA prakAranI che ke emAM AtmAnubhUtino avAja anAyAsa UThavAno. ethI ja A paraMparAnI racanAomAM saMvedananI eka prakAranI saccAIno sUra ApaNane saMbhaLAvAno. ane tethI ja kadAca, kRSNajI jevA A paraMparAnA kavie to sAdhanApraNAlInA AvA sAdhako mATe "anubhavi' evo zabda prayojyo che. umAzaMkare akhAne anubhavArthI kahyo che, te A dRSTie yathArtha ja che. pustaka nahIM paNa paMDano anubhava, A paraMparAnA kavionI moTI mUDI che. ethI emanI sAdhanA zAstrasaMmata nahi paNa anubhavasaMmata sAdhanA tarIke oLakhavI ghaTe, anubhavasaMmatasAdhanAnuM svarUpa viziSTa che. aparokSAnubhUti mATenI abhIpsA A sAdhanAno pAyo che. abhIpsA eTale sva-rUpa sAthe anusaMdhAna pAmavAnI icchA. A icchAmAM dunyavI sukhonI prAptino artha na hovo joIe. prabhune prApta karavAnI hRdayamAM utkaTa tRSA sAdhakanI abhIpsAne pragaTa kare che. potAnI sthUla prakRtine IzvarAbhimukha karatI mananI saMkalpazaktinI sakriyatA emAM pAmI zakAya che. sthULa prakRti IzvarAbhimukha bane e mATe kevaLa abhIpsA, kadAca, vaMdhya banI rahe. ethI abhIpsAnuM INita pariNAma lAvavA mATe AtmanirIkSaNa anivArya banI rahe che. sAdhake dhULamAMthI sUkSma tarapha gati karavAnI hovAthI sthUla vyavahArane taTastha manathI avalokavAnI jarUra rahe che. ema thatAM vyavahAramAM pragaTatI prakRtigata maryAdAone e oLakhato thAya ane enAM baMdhanamAMthI chUTavAno svayaM puruSArtha racAvA mAMDe. svarUpanA anusaMdhAna mATenI hRdayamAM pragaTelI abhimukhatAne enAthI navI dhagaza maLe ane e rIte sahaja sUkSma rUpAMtara thayA kare. Ama svabhAvagata doSomAMthI UgaravA mATe AtmanirIkSaNa apUrva sAdhana manAyuM che. kuTuMbamAM ane samAjanI chAyAmAM mAnavIno uchera thAya che. ethI enA ghaDataramAM kuTuMba ane samAja mahattvanAM paribaLo che. vaLI AnuvaMzika saMskAro ane prakRtigata vRttio paNa enAmAM hoya che. A paribaLono saMdarbha bahudhA preyAbhimukha hoya

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akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavio 367 che. sAdhakajIvanamAM A preyAbhimukha prakRtinuM rUpAMtara karavAnuM che. ethI sAdhake AtmanirIkSaNathI A saMdarbhone oLakhI eno parityAga karavA puruSArtha karavAno hoya che. Ama AtmanirIkSaNanI kRtArthatA parityAganI sakriyatAmAM rahelI che. abhigraho-pUrvagrahono tyAga karI nirmama bhUmikAe sAdhakane pahoMcavAnuM hoya che. kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, matsara e SaripunA baMdhanamAMthI mukti meLavI AMtaracetanAno zuddha AdhAra racavAno che; sthUla buddhijanya zaMkA, azraddhA, pramAda, Adi doSono paNa tyAga karavo paDe che. Ama mana, hRdaya ane buddhi 52 nUtana saMskArano jANe DhoLa caDhAvavAno A puruSArtha bane che. mAtra DhoLa nahi, AmUlAgra rUpAntarano ja puruSArtha bane che. prema-preyano saMgharSa mana-hRdaya-buddhinI bhUmi para jAme che. enI carama sthitimAM sAdhakane samarpaNanuM satya lAdhe che ane enI nissahAyatA samajAya che. e taraNopAya banI rahe che tyAre potAnuM astitva sveSTane samarpita kare che. evuM samarpita sAdhakajIvana sveSTanA nivAsano AdhAra bane che. evuM sAdhakajIvana svayaM iSTatvane prApta kare che. A che aparokSAnubhUtinI avasthA; jIvanamuktinI sthiti. A sthitie pahoMcelA keTalAka kavisAdhakoe aparokSAnubhUtinA AnaMdodgAra paNa saMbhaLAvyA che. AtmajJAnanI A sAdhanAnAM upara nirdiSTa vibhinna sthityaMtarone nirUpatI kavisAdhakonI vANIe sAhityanAM vibhinna kAvyarUpo paNa siddha karyAM che. narasiMha jevA kavie jhUlaNA chaMdamAM suprasiddha prabhAtiyAM racyAM che. to narahira, akho Adi A paraMparAnA kavioe gItA, kakko, bArAkhaDI, bAvanI, vAra, tithi, bAramAsI, vANI, sAkhI, avaLavANI jevAM vividha kAvyarUpo ajamAvyAM che. akho A dhArAno pramukha kavi manAyo che. paraMtu narasiMha anubhavasaMmata sAdhanAno, gurjaravANImAM pahelo pravaktA che. tattvanA TUMpaNAne tuccha gaNanAra narasiMhe jJAnabhaktinAM bodhaka pado racyAM che. A padomAM aparokSAnubhUtinI sAdhanAprakriyArUpe IzvarAmabhimukhatA keLavavA mATenA udgAro mana-hRdaya-buddhi ane sthUla dehAdhyAsone oLakhavAno prayatna, svabhAgavagata doSonAM baMdhanamAMthI mukta thavAnI mathAmaNa ane sarvasvanuM samarpaNa karavAnI bhAvanA narasiMhe nirUpyAM che. narasiMhanI samagra akSarasRSTimAM A pado alpasaMkhya che, paraMtu kAvyatvanI dRSTie gujarAtI bhASAnI e mahAmUlI kAvyasaMpatti che.

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368 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 narasiMhane mana bhaktino mahimA moTo che. brahmalokamAM bhakti jevo moTo padA2tha nathI, ema eNe gAyuM che. nitya sevA ane nitya kIrtana-occhava e enI priya pravRtti che. naMdakumAra enuM daivata che. e daivatanuM nAmasaMkIrtana karavAmAM jIvanakRtArthatAno anubhava eNe gaNyo che. ethI jIvananA pratyeka zvAsamAM daivatano saMdarbha smaraNa-kIrtana dvArA sAdhavAnI vAta eNe karI che. meru thakI moTuM hoya prAyazcitta' toya 'nArAyaNanA nAme tare' evI enI zraddhA che. jIbhathI harino japa thavo joIe, nahIM to jIbha jIbha nathI, 'khADiyAM' che, evuM paNa e mAne che. Ama narasiMhanI sAdhanAmAM nAmasmaraNa e moTuM sAdhana che. nitya sevAnI vAta eNe karI che, paraMtu eno koI viziSTa praghAta e ullekhato nathI. zrI rAmanAma'no ja e vevAriyo che. enI bhakti AcAra-jaDa nathI. ene varNabhedanuM rUDhijaDa jIvana gamatuM nathI. ethI ja teNe cokhkhuM kahyuM che ke, pakSApakSI tyAM nahIM paramezvara'. zAstrajaDa dRSTino jANe e upahAsa karato hoya ke e tarapha audAsInyabharI dRSTie joto hoya ema kahe che ke, 'karmadharmanI vAta che jeTalI te mujane nava bhAve re'. naMdakumA2, kRSNa, hira evA daivatanA saMdarbhamAM enAM padomAM maLatA ullekho parathI e saguNa sAdhaka ja pratIta thAya che. paraMtu, narasiMhano naMdakumAra koI vyaktivizeSa mAtra raheto nathI. e kavicat rAmanI saMjJA Ape che to anekavAra paramatatvanI paryAyavAcI saMjJA paNa banI rahe che. ane e rIte narasiMha saMpradAya nirapekSa nirguNa paraMparAnA sAdhaka tarIke ApaNI samakSa UpasI Ave che. nAmasmaraNanI sAdhanA karatAM narasiMhe IzvarAbhimukhatA mATenI adamya utsukatA sevI che : moranA picchadharane' namra utsuka vANImAM premarasa pIvaDAvavA mATe e vinave che. naMdanA kuMvaranuM dhyAna dharavAthI akhila AnaMda pamAya, evI zraddhA hovAthI, puSpa muktA phaLa laIne e dhyeyamUrtinuM svAgata karavA mATe jANe Ubho che. mana ane hRdayamAM kuMjalilatamAM khelAyelI zrIkRSNanI nitya nautama lIlAnuM smaraNasaMkalpathI darzana kare che : moralInA nAdamAM, zravaNanA sAdamAM, jhAMjharI jhAlarI Damaka vAje, tAla mRdaMga ne caMga upamA ghaNI, bherIno nAda brahmAMDa gAje. A abhimukhatAne TakAvI rAkhavI agharI che. sAdhakanI skUla prakRti ane saMskAro enI IzvarAbhimukhatAne jhaMkhave che, avarodhe che ane anekavAra lakSyacyuta banAvavA sakriya rahe che. ethI sAdhake potAnA svabhAvane oLakhavA puruSArtha karavo paDe che. svabhAvanI oLakha mATe ene aMtarmukhI banavuM paDe che. e rIte e

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akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavio 369 AtmanirIkSaNanI prakriyAmAM praveze che. AtmanirIkSaNa karatAM ene saMskArajanya aneka doSo potAmAM dekhAya che. je pirabaLoe enuM ghaDatara karyuM che, e kA2Ne manamAM vastuo paratve, vyavahAra paratve keTalAka pUrvagraho-abhigraho baMdhAyA che, keTalIka svabhAvagata Tevo paDI che. IMdriyasaMskAro para aMkuza nathI, svArthaprerita pravRttio vizeSa thAya che, abhimAna, darpa, lobha, IrSA, dveSa, zaMkA, azraddhA, pramAda vagere vRttio sveSTamilananI abhIpsAne moLI banAve che. potAnI prakRtinuM AvuM pRthakkaraNa sAdhaka narasiMhe enA zabdomAM vyakta karyuM che. "bApajI! pApa meM kavaNa kIdhAM haze, nAma letAM tAruM nidrA Ave, UMgha Alasya, AhAra meM AdaryA, lAbha vinA lava karavI mana bhAve...' dina puMThe dina to vahI jAya che, duramatInA meM bharyAM re DAlA bhakti bhUtala viSe, navI karIo tAharI, khAMDyAM saMsAranAM thothAM ThAlAM.' 'AzAnuM bhavana AkAza sUdhI racyuM, mUDha e mULathI bhIMta kAcI. alpa AyuSyamAM, kalpanA manuSyane, Aja kIdhuM vaLI kAla karavuM, zvAsano zo vizvAsa, nahi nimiSano, Aza adhurI ane ema maravuM...' "mana karma vacanathI Apa mAnI lahe, satya che eja mana ema sUje.' aMtarmukhI banatAM svadoSanI AvI oLakha thAya che. e doSomAMthI chUTavAno have sabhAna puruSArtha karavo paDe che. hRdaya ane manane, AthI sAdhaka TapAravA mAMDe che. narasiMhe AvA ja bhAvathI gAyuM che ke 'haritaNuM heta tane kyama gayuM vIsarI, pazu re pheDIne nararUpa kIdhuM, hADane cheDa kira, sahu tane hAMkatuM, Aja vadhArIne mAna dIdhuM.' sarva prANIsRSTimAM mAnavacetanA zreSTha che. narasiMha e satya ahIM dhvanita kare che. A zreSThatvabuddhi ja, kadAca, hiranuM nAma letAM lajjA anubhave che. evI lajjA pAmavI e to 'karmahINA'nuM lakSaNa narasiMhe gaNyuM che. haritaNuM' 'heta' visaravAmAM kRtaghnatA ja eNe joI che. ethI mana ke hRdayane e 'kRtaghnI', 'karmahINA' jevA saMbodhanathI cAkhabA lagAve che. buddhino ahaMkAra mithyA che, e samajAvavA mATe gADA nIce cAlatA kUtarAnuM dRSTAMta ApI marma veNa eNe saMbhaLAvyuM che. ane pachI gaMbhIra mudrAe jANe ema paNa samajAve che ke ApaNo ciMtavyo artha kAMI nava sare' chatAMya mAnavI mUrkha

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370 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 mana vyartha zoce.' ethI ja Akhare potAnI sthUla sUkSma ubhaya prakRtine Izvarasamarpita karavAnuM eNe yogya dhAryuM che. IzvaranI kRpAnI pAcanAmAM potAnI zaMkatA eNe pragaTa karI ApI che. kaLa-vikaLanuM baLa phAve evuM nathI evI pratIti thaI hovAthI e kahe cheH narasaiMyA TraMkane, jhaMkhanA tAharI, heDa kheDI bhAgo zaraNa Ave.' ane tattvadarzana mATeno eno AdhAra jANe zuddha bane che. kevaLa bAhyAcAra mithyA che, evI ene pratIti thaI che, have e jAgyo che. ethI ja vaiyaktika anubhUtinI vizvasanIya bhAvamudrAmAM jANe e uccAre che ke jAgIne jouM to, jagata dIse nahIM, UMghamAM aTapaTA bhoga bhAse citta caitanyavilAsa tadrupa che, brahma laTakAM kare brahma pAse.' 'jAgIne' ane 'UMghamAM' evI sAdhakanA cittanI e virodhI sthitino ahIM ullekha thayo che. jAgRta sthitino pahelo ane UMghanI sthitino pachIthI ullekha thayo che. e dvArA saMprajJatA(awareness)ne pariNAme je satyanI upalabdhi thaI che teno utsAha vyaMjita thAya che. bIjI paMktimAM vAta bhale UMghamAM'nI hoya paNa upalA satyanI ja dRDha nItino udghoSa banI rahe che. have zrutivAkyanA satyano jANe darzana-anubhava thato hoya evI khumArIthI kahI zake che : nIrakhane gaganamAM koNa ghUmI rahyo te ja huM te ja huM zabda bole.' narasiMhanI eka sAdhaka tarIkenI ahIM uccatama sthitino ApaNane paricaya maLe che. narasiMhanA samakAlIna bhIma ane mAMDaNa baMdhAro paNa A paraMparAmAM eka rIte ullekha karavApAtra kavio che. siddhapuranA vatanI bhIma pAsethI 'hiralIlASoDazakalA' (I.sa. 1485) ane 'prabodhaprakAza' (I. 1490) ema be kRtio maLI che. emAM 'prabodhaprakAza'nuM vastu jJAnAzrayI che.. kavie rUpakazailI prayojI aizvaryAdi guNano mahimA kRtimAM gAyo che. e rIte A kRti bodhAtmaka banI che. naitika jIvana mATeno sIdho AcArabodha emAM Avato hovAthI aparokSAnubhUtinI sAdhanAgata koI avasthAnuM kavikathana ahIM nathI, e dhyAnamAM rahevuM ghaTe. ethI ja sAdhanAzrayI kaviparaMparAmAM kevaLa aupacArika ullekha ja adhikArI banI rahe che. vaLI A kRti maulika nathI. agiyAramA zatakanA kRSNamizranA saMskRta nATaka prabodhacaMdrodaya'no A sArAnuvAda che.

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akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavio 371 zirohInA baMdhArA mAMDaNe SaTrapadI copAInA baMdhamAM vIsa kaDInI eka evI batrIsa vIzIomAM prabodhabatrIzI' racI che. A kRti paNa upadezapradhAna che. kavi bhImanI jema mAMDaNa paNa sAdhaka kavi nathI. ema chatAM samAjanA naitika utthAna mATe e macyo dekhAya che. eTale sAdhakane badale e sudhAraka mAnasano vizeSa pratIta thAya che. jo ke sAdhake paNa Akhare to sudhAraNA ja karavAnI che. paraMtu te che AtmasudhAraNA. mAMDaNe AtmasudhArAnI ja naitika dRSTie carcA karI che. prabodhabatrIsI' aMtargata bhaktivIzI', "vairAgyavIzI', 'sajjanavIzI', "saMtoSavIzI', "hRdayavIzImAM mAMDaNanI mudrA samAja-sudhAraka tarIkenI Upase che. samAjanA dhArmika daMbha ane mANasanA buddhijAgrano e mArmika TIkAkAra che. "bhaktivIzImAM eNe lakhyuM che ke - 'khiNa sAMbhaLavA zrotA milyA, jANe tila kodravamAM bhalyA! tehanI ghayasi na ghANI hoI, vAMci vyAsa na bujhaI koI, Ima karatAM te navi TiI, sevaMtarAM DAMgi kuTII.' jJAnAzrayI dhArAnA pramukha kavi akhAnA samartha purogAmI tarIkenI mAMDaNane pratiSThA "prabodhabatrIsIe ja apAvI che. narasiMhanI jema mAMDaNe paNa rAmanAmano jApa e ja jIvananuM satya che. evuM samajAvyuM che. alabatta narasiMhanI jema abhinivezapUrvaka vidheyAtmaka vAta e karato nathI. eno rAha upadezakano hovAthI, e vAta eNe Ama mUkI che : 'rasanA rAma vinA mokalI, cakSu caturbhuja viNa bahu calI, paga pItAMbara viNa bahu palyA, kara kezava viNa vidhi valyA. kUDidhA mazi kAyA khaI, jAM jIvaI tAM sIvaI saI....12 sAdhanAnA bAhyAcArane eNe niMdyo che. aparokSAnubhUti mATe tapa, tIrtha ke mALA, TIlAnI anivAryatA jJAnamArgI anubhaviyA kavioe joI nathI. mAMDaNa baMdhAro A sAdhakonI vAtamAM potAno sUra purAve che. e kahe che. "bahutiratha kahinAM kahi taNAM? ghaNA gharanA yama paruhaNA.13 manuSyano janma mahAmUlo avatAra che. viSNubhakti' dvArA aparokSAnubhUti karavA mATano deha AdhAra che, evI enI samaja che.14 ethI udAta AcArano e pakSakartA ja nahi, prabodhaka banyo che. saMtapraNAlIne anusarI sAdhyanI prApti mATe zaraNAgatine eNe uttama sAdhana gayuM che. melhI sarva svAmI zaraNi rahi, tuM tusaI mokSapada lahaI.15 paramatattva zabdAtIta che. ethI e to hRdayamAM anubhavavAno che, evo eno nizcaya enA sAdhaka mAnasano yatakicit paricaya ApI jAya che." tattvAnubhavanI vAtane lokokti-saMdarbhathI sacoTa abhivyakti

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372 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ApanAra tarIke mAMDaNa A paraMparAmAM dhyAnapAtra kavi banyo che. eNe 'rUkamAMgadakathA' ane 'rAmAyaNa' paNa lakhela che. mere to giradhara gopAla' ema kahenArI mIrAM (i.1498-1563-65) narasiMha mahetA pachI, kALAnukrame AvatI, A dhArAnI mahattvanI bhaktakavi che. rAmAnaMdaziSya raidAsa enA guru hatA ema manAya che.17 emanI pAsethI, kadAca ene premasAdhanAno maMtra maLyo hato ane giradhara mAro sAco prItama' ema samajI enI sevAmAM e masta banI hatI. giradha2-prItama paratveno rAga ane saMsAra paratveno virAga, enA haiyAmAM, eNe utkaTatAthI anubhavyo che. e anubhUtine eNe zabdarUpa karI che, je ApaNI kavitAmAM samRddhi lAve che. A kavitA mIrAMnA jIvana ane mAnasane surekha rIte upasAvI Ave che. koI dhanya paLe, ene, gurusamAgama thayo haze ane enA haiyAmAM prabhumilananI abhIpsA pragaTI haze, evo khyAla enAM pado parathI Ave che. ethI eNe 'saMtasAdhu'ne potAnA sAthI banAvyA che. eno saMsAra dunyavI saMsAra nathI! dunyavI vyavahArane eNe 'giradhara'no saMdarbha ApI dIdho che. saMsArano sAsaravAsa choDI vaikuMThavAsanA mahiyaramAM ene rahevuM che. avinAzI vithaMbhara ja eno nAvaliyo che, evuM ene 'jIvanapramANa' maLyuM che. eja enI moTI mIrAta che' ethI dhIraja dhyAna'nA sAdhanathI aparokSAnubhUti mArge e sAdhanAvihAra kare che. mIrAMnuM A dhIraja dhyAna'nuM sAdhana kevA prakAranuM che? dhairya dhAraNa karIne dhyAnayoganA mArge mIrAM vihare che? mIrAM dhyAnayoginI che? nA. mIrAMno ahIM vyakta thato dhyAnayoga yogazAstrapraNita nathI ja. eno dhyAnayoga saMtasAdhanAno dhyAnayoga che. hRdayamAM abhIpsA pragaTAvI sveSTa sAthenuM satata anusaMdhAna ka2vAno e dhyAnayoga che. e mATe saMtasaMgata ane hiranAmasaMkIrtanano puruSArtha, narasiMhanI jema, mIrAMe svIkAryo che ane prabodhyo cheya kharo. satsaMgano mahimA ene mana moTo che. haricaraNamAM citta rAkhI satsaMgano rasa cAkhavA jevo che, evuM enuM udbodhana che. kadAca sthUla prakRtine satsaMga na ruce evuM bane. AraMbhamAM e kaDavo ke tIkho' paNa lAge! paraMtu ekavAra satsaMga ke enuM piraNAma AMbA kerI sAkha' jevuM miSTa lAgavAnuM. satsaMgathI be ghaDImAM mukti thaI zake evA vedavacanamAM e zraddhA vyakta kare che. e ja rIte nIca saMga nahIM karavA mATe paNa bodha Ape che. saMsAra bhayaMkara kALo che. kuTuMbIo svArthI ane prapaMcI hoya che. evuM jJAna ene saMtasaMgatathI ja thayuM che ema enuM nivedana che.19

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akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavio 373 saMtasaMgatane pariNAme enAmAM je vivekodaya thayo te A "bhajana binA nara phIko, "rAmajI binA kaiso jIvaNa evA niHsahAyatAnA layano ugAra IzvaraAsthAnI vyaMjanA pragaTa kare che. "rAmarasa' pInAra ja dhanya che, ema e mAne che. e kahe che ke manuSyadeha devone durlabha che. enuM sAphalya thavuM joIe. e sAphalya rAmanAma' levAmAM che, heteraMga bhIMjIe' evI enI zIkha che. hariraMgamAM bhIMjAvAnI vAta che. ane te paNa hetathI. kAyAne damavAnI A vAta nathI. bhekha laIne kaSTa veThavAmAM mIrAM AthI ja nathI mAnatI. e to kahe che ke harinA janamAM ja harino vAsa che. 20 ethI vanavAsa ke bhagavo bhekha dharavAnI koI jarUra nathI. tIrthayAtrA ke homa-havananI kriyAo nirarthaka che. araNya, pANI-pavana, homa-havananA saMdarbhathI hariprApti nathI thatI, harijana thavAthI ja hariprApti thaI zake. ethI ja "nara dehadhArI tame tatpara thAo, rAmakRSNa bhajavAno Avyo che dAva evo eno bulaMda uddabodha che. rAmanAma sAkarano TukaDo che. mukhamAM mamaLAvAthI amIrasa guTakI jhare che, ema kahIne nAmakIrtana rasane e indriyagamya banAve che. enA haiyAmAM A harine maLavAnI utsukatA che. e meLApamAM kSaNanoya viyoga enAthI rahyo jato nathI. prabhumilananI utsukatA ane prabhumilananI vyathA, mIrAMnI kavitAnA pradhAna sUra che. mIrAMnA prabhu giradharalAla che. ethI A saMvedano 'giradharalAla'nA saMdarbhamAM vyakta thayAM che. paraMtu A giradharalAla 'avinAzI vizvebhara rUpe paramatattvanuM ja eka rUpa che, e bhUlavAnuM nathI. ane ethI ja mIrAM paNa saMpradAyanirapekSa sAdhikA tarIke pratiSThA pAmI che. sahaja-sAdhanAnA sAdhakanI jema, mIrAMe sahajasthitino upabhoga karavAnuM svIkAryuM che. aprApyanI AkAMkSA ane prApyanI surakSAnI ciMtamAM jIva vartamAnanA sukhane bhogavI zakato nathI. anAgata ane atIta paratve nirmama banI vartamAna sAthe tATathya keLavI sAkSIbhAve jIvana jIvavAmAM muktino AnaMda anubhavAya che. sahajavAdanuM A satya mIrAMe gAyuM che. "rAma rAkhe tema rahIe, odhavajI! rAma rAkhe tema rahIe! ApaNe cIThInA cAkara chaIe, odhavajI." sva-zarIra paranI paNa Asakti choDavAnI vAta mIrAMe karI che. tanano taMbUra banAvI e taMbUrane bajavavA mATe jIvano tAra tANavAnI enI vAtamAM A nirAsakti ane utkaTa samarpaNano bhAva joI zakAya che. saMsAra-sAgaramAM DUbIne kAyAno vinAza karavA e mAgatI nathI. prabhumilananI jhaMkhanAne kAraNe nayaNAMnA nIrathI kAyAvADIne praphulla rAkhavAnI e, ethI, vAta kare che. kahAnajInA hAthano kAyAvADIne sparza thaze ne bina caMpe kaLIo' phUTI nIkaLaze evI sAdhaka-zraddhA enA haiyAmAM vasI che. ethI ja e

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374 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 21 nissAdhana banI sadguru zaraNAgati svIkAre che. sAdhanAnI bAbatamAM eNe khUNe besIne jhINuM kAMtyuM' che. emAM kyAMya kacAza eNe rAkhI nathI. prabhubhaktine mArge AgaLa vadhavAmAM avarodhaka sarva vyavahAro, saMbaMdhone eNe A jhINuM' kAMtavAnI prakriyAthI oLakhI lIdhA che. ane teono tyAga paNa karyo che. ethI ja enA AMgaNiyAmAM giradhArIlAla samakSa thai thai nAcI zake che. dila kholIne dIvo' eNe karyo che. ethI dilamAM killola to AtmArUpI haMsa eNe prIchyo che. dIvA vinA dehamaMdiramAM sarvatra aMdhAruM rahevAnuM,' evI vAta e kare che tyAre rUpakAzrayI vANImAM e philasUpha banI jAya che. 'haMsa' 'dIvo'nA rUpakathI AtmAnA AnaMda-ajavALAne sUcavI anyatra e haMsane zyAma'nI saMjJA paNa eNe ApI che. e zyAma'nuM, dilamAM prAgaTya jyAre anubhavyuM haze tyAre ja kRtakRtyatAno laya pragaTAvato eno udgAra saMbhaLAya che H mArI dase AMgaLIo thaI che lAla, huM sapanAmAM paraNI zrI goviMdane'. mAtra mIrAMmAM eka 'anubhaviyA' sAdhaka koTinuM jIvana pratIta thatuM hovAthI A dhArAmAM enuM sthAna mahatvanuM gaNAze. : e pachI ullekhapAtra kavi che, dhanarAja I.sa.nI 16mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM e thaI gayo. gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA hastaprata bhaMDArAmAM sacavAyelI ha. pra. pustaka naM. 346nA AdhAre ke. kA. zAstrIe enI kRtionI noMdha A pramANe ApI cheH khAMDaNAM (tU), girU gaNapati (rAsa), caturavadananuM rAsa, vedapurANa, vANI, bhamArulI, ghoDalI, heli. vInati, zokabhAvanA, sAhelaDI, vRddhakArika, laghukArika, bIDu, umAhaDu, hIDalu, harSabhAvanA, padmanAbhazoka, sAraMgI ane khAMDaNAM, A kRtio bahudhA pada-prakAranI che. A padomAM jaina dhArmika stavanonI rasika nirUpaNapaddhatino svIkAra karavAmAM eka jainetara kavi tarIke dhanarAjanuM vaiziSTya ke. kA. zAstrIe joyuM che. jJAnAzrayI kAvyadhArAmAM adhyAtmavidyAnuM anubhavajJAna je prakAre narasiMhamIrAMmAM pratIta thAya che, e dhanarAjanI kRtiomAM pratItI thatuM nathI; e rIte narasiMha- mIrAMthIenuM kAThuM bhinna che, ema kahevuM joIe. caturavadana rAsa' kRtine aMte potAnI oLakhamAM eNe prayojelo 'paMDita' zabda A saMdarbhamAM sUcaka gaNAvo joIe. eNe, joke bhaktimizrita jJAnano ja puraskAra karyo che. vaLI, vaiSNavajanone uddezIne racelI racanAomAM aMte ullekhita 'zrI hrAya nama:' temaja parabrahmanA varNanamAM 'mukunda' ane 'kRSNa'nA rUpano saMdarbha narasiMha-mIrAMnI racanAo sAthe enuM anusaMdhAna paNa, eka rIte, karI Ape che. A dRSTie A dhArAmAM, khasUsa, sthAna meLavI zake che. eka vedAntI-kavi tarIke saMsAramAMthI mukti meLavavAnI vAta eNe karI che.

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akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavio 375 ane e mukti meLavavA mATe, narasiMha-mIrAMnI jema, nAmasaMkIrtanano, sAdhana tarIke svIkAra karyo che. kALanA othAramAMthI chUTavA mATe harinAma raTaNano mahimA eNe gAyo che : 'tA harinAmi yama haNU re kAla- kANuM zISa, karmataNuM vana dAhavuM, bhAjU naraka aThAvIsa.' karyuM harinAma bhajavuM e vize e sAzaMka nathI. saMpradAyajaDatAthI e mukta che. Adi anAdi brahmanuM stavana karatAM 'vInati'mAM e kahe che ke bhajanAra je rUpe paramatattvane jue che, te rUpe bhagavAna ene dekhAya che. enI noMdhapAtra kRti 'ahanizirAsamAM ajaraamara akalaMka arUpa evA hari parabrahmane bhajavAnI vAta karI che. vedapurANa'mAM e parama tattvanuM dhyAna dharavAmAM mIrAMe je Arata ane taDapana batAvyAM che, enI ja jANe yAda Apato hoya tema prabhujhaMkhanA kevI hovI joIe e pratirUpothI mUrta karavAno dhanarAjano prayatna dekhAya che: jananI vichoyuM bAlaka roIe, jananI dIThA viNa na vivRtti e jalaviNa mAchalI talavali atighaNUM e udaka pAmyA viNa sukha nathI e, tima paramAtmA zuM rahi AtamAe."23 AtmAnuM paramAtmA sAthenuM anusaMdhAna racavA mATe vrata, tIrtha, upavAsa, zAstrAbhyAsa Adine e anivArya lekhato nathI: "kRtrima zAstra taNi kuvicArI! paDi naraki mAnavabhAra hAri! pAra na pAmi ko e: AtmaciMtana dvArA ja sacarAcaramAM vyApta eka ane advitIya brahmano anubhava thaI zake evI enI samaja che. paramatattva sAthenA abhedAnubhavano AnaMda kevo hoya eno paNa dhanarAje khyAla Apyo che. 'vANI' kRtimAM lagnotsavano saMdarbha nirUpI abhedAnubhavanA AnaMdane mUrta karavAno prayatna yazasvI che. A ja samayamAM thaI gayelo kRSNajI A dhArAno ocho jANIto kavi che. kALadaSTie narahari-akhAno e jyaSTa hoya evuM anumAna sureza jozIe karyuM che. 24 eNe vibhinna rAgomAM 83 jeTalAM pado ane 2 prabhAtiyAM racyAM che. je adyApi aprasiddha che. A racanAo prAcyavidyAmaMdira, vaDodarAnA hastapratabhaMDAramAM surakSita che. sureza jozIe e racanAono upayoga karI kRSNajInuM sAdhaka vyaktitva oLakhAvavAno prathama prayatna karyo che. ahIM e abhyAsane AdhAre paricaya karAvyo che. alakha

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376 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 Atmadeva kRSNajInuM daivata che. ethI e nirguNa upAsaka che. "alakha Atmadevane "raziyo AtmarAma' kahIne paNa e oLakhAve che. sAdhanAnuM parama pada A "raziyo AtmarAma' che. kevaLa jJAna pAmavuM joIe. ane e pramANe vartavuM joIe, evI vAta eNe karI che. vartana evuM bane to ja mAyAthI mukta thaI zakAya ane samarasamAM laya pAmI zakAya. akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kaviomAM kALakramamAM chello paraMtu mahattvano kavi che, narahari. akho, gopALadAsa ane buTAno e vRddha samakAlIna hato, ema manAya che. dhanarAjanI jema eNe paNa vedAntaviSayanI aneka racanAo racI che : "jJAnagItA' (I.16 16), "gopIuddhavasaMvAda', 'harilIlAmRta', "bhaktimaMjarI', prabodhamaMjarI', kakkA, vinaMtI kIrtanonAM pado, "saMtanAM lakSaNa', 'vAsiSThasAragItA', "bhagavadgItA', hastAmAlaka', (I.1643). vAsiSThasAragItA" ane "bhagavadgItA' enI anUdita kRtio che ane bAkInI maulika kRtio che. "vAsiSThasAra gItA' e laghuyogavAsiSTha kRtine gujarAtImAM utAre che, to bhagavadgItA" zrImadabhagavaddagItAne. baMne kRtiomAM naraharino Azaya mAtra bhASAntara ja karavAno nathI dekhAto. kRtinA tattvArthane phuTa karavA jarUra lAge tyAM, gAMThanuM umerIne, dRSTAnto yojIne yathocita vistAra paNa eNe sAdhyo che. jJAnagItAmAM naraharie AkhyAnano kaDavAbaMdha svIkAryo che. 17 pada, 17 kaDavAM, 17 dhrupada ane 25 saMmati zlokanI A racanA banelI che. niraMjanadevane abhivAdana, nirguNabrahmano covIsa tattvo rUpe vistAra, nirguNa-saguNano abheda, siddhayogInAM lakSaNo, brahmasvarUpanuM varNana, AtmajJAnanuM svarUpa, Atmaviveka dvArA paramAtmAnI sarvavyApakatAno anubhava, karmayoga, saMtalakSaNa manonigrahano upAya, mahAvAkya vivaraNa, vastuno anubhava Adi viSayonuM nirUpaNa naraharie jJAnagItAmAM karyuM che. hastAmalaka' copAIbaMdhamAM racAyelI kRti che. jIvobrahmava ane satyano anubhava levA mATe brahmajJAnano mahimA ziva-pArvatInA saMvAdarUpe kavie prastuta kRtimAM gAyo che. brahmajJAnanI vAta karatAM sahajasAdhanAno kavie karelo puraskAra naraharine jJAnAzrayI kAvyadhArAmAM nizcita sthAna apAvI zake che. sureza jozIe naraharinI sAdhanAdaSTie A kRtinA saMdarbhamAM vikAsonmukha sthiti joI che. harilIlAmRtamAM kavine harirasano je anubhava thayo haze, enI kRtArthatAno udgAra saMbhaLAvyo che. gopIuddhava saMvAda

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akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavio 377 ane "bhaktimaMjarI'mAM vaiSNavasaMskAronI chAyA che. baMnemAM bhaktimahimA gavAyo che. 'gopI uddhavasaMvAdamAM kRSNabhaktino mahimA pragaTa che. brahma ane jIva vacce 'ulajaNa' utpanna karanAra mAyA che. mAyAne kAraNe ja hari viSayAkAra banIne dhULane dvAre rame che. je aliMgI te liMgane bhogave che. 'nija mAyAmAM rahi guNanA thayA cho bhogI re alakha ajara raMga tamAro jIrve jogIre.' 'prabhuno khela' ApaNe sAkSI banIne jovAno che. saMsArabuddhimAMthI ugarI paramatattvano pAra pAmavA mATe sadagurunI AvazyakatA eNe svIkArI che. kAraNa e sadguru ene mana 'anubhaviyA' che. sadguru mATe eNe "marajIviyA niraMkuzIA' ane hastAmala amalanA bhogI," evI saMjJAo paNa prayojI che, je khUba sUcaka che. svAnubhavanI kRtArthatAno AnaMda paNa eNe A padomAM zabdastha karyo che. gurujInA mukhamAMthI karuNAnI hera' nIkaLatI eNe anubhavI che. aparokSAnubhUtinuM ja mahattva eNe svIkAryuM che. ethI karma, upAsanA, jJAna Adi brahmasAdhanone eNe paNa Avazyaka gaNyAM nathI. aparokSAnubhUti e mahAdazAno anubhava che. e sarva sAdhanothI Upharo che, koI marajIviyo e anubhava mANI zake, evI enI dRDha mAnyatA che. mahAdazA che anubhaviyAnI anubhava hoya te jANe anubhavi dariyA samarasa bhariyA koI marajIvA mAMNe karma upAsanA jJAnakAMDa ni avadhi Ave jAre kRSNajI samarasa sAgara bhAge sAva niraMtara tAre.' sahaja samAdhinI vAta eNe karI che. akhaMDakAra thaI sahajasamAdhithI abhedAnubhava karavAnuM enuM udbodhana che. "rAmanAmanuM vasANuM' hovAnI vAta paNa eka padamAM e kare che. naraharinI kRtionA paricaya parathI ema spaSTa pratIta thAya che ke enI akSarasAdhanAnuM kendra vedAnta hatuM. 'gopIuddhavasaMvAda ane "bhaktimaMjarI' mAM kRSNabhaktino mahimA eNe gAyo che, e dhyAnamAM laIne ane anya kRtiomAM enA nirUpaNane dhyAnamAM laIe to narahari zuSka vedAntI nahIM, paraMtu anubhavajJAnane puraskAranArAM narasiMha-mIrAMnI paMgatamAM besI zake, evuM lAge che. nAmasaMkIrtananuM haLavuM sAdhana svIkArIne sAdhanApaMthe narasiMhe AgaLa dhapavAnuM

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378 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 svIkAryuM hatuM tema naraharie paNa e sAdhanono svIkAra karavAnuM udbodhana karyuM che. prabhAta lIje re prANI parabrahma nAMma nItara kRSNa japo goviMdarAya pAchalI khaTaghaDI rAtaNoe bhAre jogIne dharavuM kevaLa dhAna.' 'kupaTa tajhIne kaheje rAma te nara pAme vaIkuMTha ThAma." jJAnagItAmAM paNa eNe kahyuM che ke "eka-manAM harI bhajo naranArI', naraharinI vANImAM, ahIM, ubodhana hovAthI anubhava-sAdhanAnuM prAmANya, alabatta, pratIta thatuM nathI. paraMtu anyatra jJAnaniSTha bhaktinI vAta e kare che, tyAre A ThAlo upadeza nathI, ema samajAya che. eNe kahyuM che ke "bhakatya jJAna anubhava radi AMNo, kevala rAma nIraMtara jANo." "kevala rAmane anubhavagocara banAvavAno che. e mATe sthira mananI AvazyakatA paNa eNe joI che. e maMna maratAM kAja zIjhi tattva te tyAM hAri lahi. manane a-mananI bhUmikAe laI javAthI brahmAnubhUti thAya, evI akhAnI vAtano ja A purogAmI ugAra che. mananI vRttione kAraNe anubhavAtuM cAMcalya dUra karavAnI vAta che. ethI vRttiono virodha karavAno emAM Adeza joI zakAya che. 'AtmA sAco' ane 'piMDa kAco' e vivekaprApti mATe satsaMgano mahimA ane sadgurusevAno ullekha paNa eNe karyo che. paramAtmAnI anubhUti mATe sthULa indriyo paryApta nathI." ajapA jApa japI manane sahaja zUnyamAM sthira karavAthI e nirAkAra niraMjananuM divya darzana thaze, evI vAta paNa eNe karI che. jApa japo jIbha vInA ane zravaNa vInA sUNo dhanya netra vInA nIrakho nIraMjana rASI mana sahaja zUnya' akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavionI adhyAtmajJAna mATenI sAdhanAnuM svarUpa samajavAno ahIM ApaNe prayatna karyo. A sAdhanAmAM vizeSa dhyAna kheMce evI koI vAta hoya to te e che ke ahIM nirdiSTa badhA kavisAdhako saMpradAya buddhithI UpharI rahyA che. paramatattvanA anubhUti mATe koI bAhya sAdhanonI AvazyakatA emaNe svIkArI nathI; AtmAnubhUti mATe aMtarmukhI banAvAnI vAta saue eka avAje karI che. aMtarmukhI sAdhanAnI prakriyA lekhe nAmasmaraNa, saMtasaMgata, sadgurunI kRpA evAM sahajaprApta saraLa sAdhano emane svIkArya che. A sAdhanApaMtha sahaja-saraLa che, eno artha evo nathI ke emAM koI sAhasa nathI! kavisAdhakoe vAraMvAra kyAreka jAta-anubhava rUpe ke kyAreka kevaLa upadezarUpe A mArganI vikaTatAno khyAla Apyo che. A mArga marajIviyAno che, ema kahevAmAM A ja vaktavya che. parama cetanA nirAkAra ane niraMjana-nirguNa che. A tattvanI anubhUti karavAnI

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akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavio 379 ja A visAdhakonI nema che. ema chatAM emaNe saguNa upAsanAno ke bhaktino Atyantika niSedha karyo nathI, balake bhakti-jJAnano sahayoga svIkArI sAdhanAnuM eka navuM ja rUpa sarjyuM che. narasiMha-mIrAM jevI sAdhaka joDImAM aparokSAnubhUtino AnaMda kAvyoAranuM rUpa paNa laI zakyo che. anya sAdhakoe potAnA anubhavane mUrtarUpa ApavAnA prayatnarUpe vibhinna kAvyarUpo paNa ApyAM che. tethI ApaNuM madhyakAlIna sAhitya samRddhi pAmyuM che. saMdarbhanoMdha : A lakhANamAM dhanarAja, kRSNajI ane naraharinA abhyAsa mATe narahiranI jJAnagItAH jJAnamArgI paraMparAnA abhyAsa sahita' e zIrSaka heThaLa lakhAyela sureza joSInA mahAnibaMdhano chUTe hAthe upayoga karyo che, eno RNasvIkAra karuM chuM. 1 2 3 4 5 6 cha (a)gujarAtI sAhitya bhAga : 1, (1954) anaMtarAya rAvaLa. pR. 88 (A) gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhAdarzana khaMDa : 1 ke. kA. zAstrI jJAnamArgI paraMparAnAM mULa TheTha vedasAhityamAM maLI Ave che. ane e pachI eno srota upaniSada, bau-jaina dharma, tAMtrika mArga, nAthasaMpradAya, vaiSNava sahajiya saMpradAya, sUphIsAdhanAmAM ane Aja paryanta askhalita vahyo jAya che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM A paraMparA kevuMka anusaMdhAna batAve che, enA vistRta abhyAsa mATe juo sureza joSIno uparyukta mahAnibaMdha. sarakhAvo : paNa jJAna to che AtamasUjha' (saguNa bhaktiaMga : 'akhAnA chappA.') sarakhAvo : 1 jJAna vinA bhakti nava thAya, jyama cakSuhINo jyAM tyAM athaDAya. (daMbhabhaktiaMga, 'akhAnA chappA.') 2. bheda kare bhaktijJAnamAM te na2 jANajo mUDha re(narahira.) gujarAtI jJAnAzrayI kavitAmAM brahma ane jIva, jIva ane jgata Adi tattvanI svarUpacarcArUpe vedAntaviSayanuM nirUpaNa karatI racanAo paNa che ja. paraMtu e kRtionA saMdarbhamAM nahi, e padaracanAonA saMdarbhamAM ja A vidhAna che, e dhyAnamAM rahevuM ghaTe. gujarAtI jJAnamArgI kavionI kRtiomAM sAdhanAnuM A svarUpa ukelavAnI pre2NA maharSi araviMdanI 'mA kRti parathI mane maLI che. yogasAdhanAmAM sAdhakano zo puruSArtha hovo joIe e saMdarbhamAM eozrIe abhIpsA, parityAga ane samarpaNa-e vividha puruSArthanI vAta karI che. juo 'mA' (1970) pR.11. padyasvarUpanI vistRta carcA ahIM aprastuta hovAthI TALI che. padyasvarUpanI carcA mATe juo uparyukta mahAnibaMdha, pariziSTa-2. pR.813-819, A pado narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha (1913) (pR.469-495)mAM prasiddha thayAM che.

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380 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 8-9 eja, juo anukrame narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha pR. 479, ane 477, 780, 481, 485 vagere 10 juo 'prabodhaprakAza', saM. ke.kA. zAstrI. 11 juo 'prabodhabatrIsI', saM maNilAla ba. vyAsa pR. 1. 12-16 e ja, juo anukrame pR. 10, 59, 23 ane 77 17 mathurAnA cobA haribhakta viThThaladAsanuM nAma paNa mIrAMnA guru tarIke bolAya che. juo, mIrAMnAM pado,' saM. bhUpendra trivedI. pR. 10, 18 satsaMgano mahimA varNavatAM pado mATe juo 'mIrAMnAM pado' vibhAga-4, saM. bhUpendra trivedI. 19-21 e ja, juo anukrame pR. 2, 155, 165. 22 23 'kavicarita'bhAga 1, 2, (1957), ke. kA. zAstrI. pR. 408. 'narahira : jJAnagItA'e apragaTa mahAnibaMdhanA pR.226 parathI udbhuta.

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381 11 akho umAzaMkara jozI 1. jJAnamArgI kavitAnuM zikhara 1. akhAnuM samanvaya darzana - madhyakAlIna hiMdamAM bhaktinuM pracaMDa mojuM AvyuM ane khAsa karIne uttara hiMdanI udayamAna navI navI arvAcIna bhASAone eNe navapallavita karI mUkI. bhASAomAM je bhaktisAhitya pragaTyuM temAM saguNa bhakti ane nirguNa bhaktinI ema be mukhya dhArAo che. saguNa bhakti rAmAzrayI ane kRSNazrayI ema be svarUpanI jovA maLe che. gujarAtamAM rAmAzrayI bhaktidhArA bhAlaNa, premAnaMda, giradhara AdimAM ane kRSNAzrayI bhaktidhArA narasiMha, mIrAM, madhyakALanA anya aneka kavio, saMto ane dayArAmamAM vyakta thAya che. nirguNa bhaktinA prathama prabaLa ugAro narasiMhanAM prabhAtiyAMmAM maLyA, tyAra pachI anya kaviomAM e maLatA rahyA che. akhAnA samakAlInomAM, khAsa karIne jyeSTha samakAlIna "jJAnagItA'kAra naraharimAM jJAnAzrayI kavitAnI evI bhUmikA racAya che ke te pachI jJAnamArgI kavitAnuM zikhara akho dRSTie paDe to Azcarya jevuM nathI. zAMkara vedAMtano ja nahIM, zaMkara upara jemanI asara che te gauDapAdAcAryanA ajAtivAdano paNa akhAe sabaLa rIte kavanamAM puraskAra karyo te pahelAM naraharie paNa potAnI rIte karyo che. nirguNa bhAvano udghoSa akhAthI, narasiMhathI, kabIrathI paNa pahelAM nAmadeva jevA saMto dvArA thato rahyo che. akho bhaktinI vividha sAdhanAthI suparicita che. nirguNa kathatAM kabIrane prabhavyo, saguNa gAtAM narase re maheto' ema e eka aprasiddha pada (phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA, hastaprata 149)mAM kahe che. | gujarAtI sAhityamAM ja nahIM, dezanA madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM akhAno avAja anokho che. jo koInI sAthe kyAreka eno avAja maLato Avato hoya to te kabIranA brahmalalakAra sAthe. madhyakALamAM kabIra ane akhAnI joDI tarata dhyAna

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382 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 kheMce evI che. A be jaNA, sadgata mahAdevabhAI desAIe mArI joDe ekavAra vAtacItamAM akhA mATe vAparelA zabdomAM kahIeto, 'seminala poeTa'-vIryavaMta kavi che. baMne kavanamAM jJAnane, nirguNa bhAvane. adhikAMze vadhAve che. kabIranI jema akho samanvayadarzI che. kabIranI pratibhA koI ja mukhya sAdhanA tarapha pITha pheravatI nathI, akhAne dA.ta. yogasAdhanAmAM rasa nathI. paNa kabIra jeTalI sarvagrAhitA akhAnI sAdhanAmAMthI nathI te chatAM kabIranI ne enI vaccenA gALAmAM dezamAM vizeSarUpe phAlelI vallabhIya premalakSaNA bhakti sAthe samanvaya sAdhavA akhAe karelo puruSArtha e hiMdanI madhyakAlIna saMskRtinA itihAsanuM eka dhyAnArha pRSTha che. akhAnA samaya sudhImAM bhaktinA juvALanAM uttama sAhityika pariNAmo dezanI bhASAomAM ghaNuM ghaNuM AvI cUkayAM hatAM. (marAThImAM tukArAma-rAmadAsa AvavA haju bAkI che eTaluM.) caitanya mahAprabhue gopIbhAvathI kRSNane bhajavAnA ughADelA mArganI asaranI ane mAtmA haiM rAdhi prostA' AtmA e ja paramAtmA (kRSNa)nI rAdhA che ema bodhanAra zrImad vallabhAcAryanA prabhAvanI uttama kavitA-phasalanI laNaNI thaI cUkI hatI. have bhakti juvALamAM oTa AvatAM vilAsitAnA kIcaDa jovAnA akhAnA bhAgyamAM AvyA lAge che. bhakti ane vevalAI vaccenuM aMtara lupta thayeluM eNe joyuM. kahevAtA bhakto-vaiSNava nAmadhArIo "nAhI dhoIne phare phUTaDA, khAIpIne thayA khUMTaDA' joI e taMga AvI gayo. pote paNa gokulanAthane guru karI Avyo ane ema samAjamAM saguro kahevAyo e bhale, paNa gurune vAMke nahIM paNa potAnA vAMke manano vicAra to naguro ja rahyo. aMte AtmAnubhUtie ene nirguNa upAsanAmAM sthira karyo. * tema chatAM dhyAnamAM levA jevuM e che ke akhAnI nirguNopAsanA tenA eka mukhya pravartaka zaMkaranI ke madhyakALanA kabIranI nirguNopAsanA karatAM kAMIka judI che. kabIranI nirguNopAsanA islAmIone grAhya thAya evA svarUpanI thavA jAya che. bIjuM. temAM kabIrapUrvenA nAthapaMthIonA dhyAnayoganI asarane pariNAme rahasyavAdanI chAMTa che. akhAmAM evuM ochuM che. zaMkarAcArye, kahevAya che ke, aMtaghaDIe ziSyone nirguNamAM citta na Thare to saguNane sevavAnI salAha ApI hatI ane apUrva stotro racI ApyAM hatAM. kabIra paNa saguNa bhaktino samAdara kare che tyAre emanI vANI apUrva hRdayavedhakatAvALI hoya che : "ve dina kaba AveMge bhAI, jA kAraNi hama deha dharI hai milibo aMga lagAI?" akhAnuM ema kahevuM che ke citta sthira karavuM to nirguNamAM ja, paNa pachIthI saguNane paNa sevavo. dUdhamAM kudaratI khAMDa-mIThAza to che ja, paNa emAM sAkara umerIe to vaLI vadhu mIThAza Ave :

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akho 383 nirguNa thaIne saguNamAM maLe, to akhA jema dUdhamAM sAkara bhaLe. gokulanAthajInA pitAnA adhyApaka, "advaitasiddhi kAra, prakhara zAMkaravedAntI madhusUdana sarasvatI ||ti para mipi tattvamarda ne nAne' kRSNathI vadhIne kazuM nathI evA abhiprAya para Ave che e aSTachApa kavionA samayamAM bhaktirasanI choLothI bhIMjavA bhAgyazALI thanArA tattvadarzI aMge samajI zakAya evuM che. akhAne vacagALAmAM jAmelI sAMpradAyikatAe enA nijI valaNe eTale sudhI javA dIdho nathI. paNa akho vacagALAnI bhakticaryAmAM premalakSaNAnuM tattva prakAryuM hatuM tene jatuM karavA taiyAra nathI, jema kabIra nAthapaMthIonA dhyAnayogane paDato mUkI zakatA nathI. dUdha mIThuM che to paNa temAM sAkara meLavavAne lobhe nirguNopAsanAmAM A premalakSaNAvALI saguNopAsanA e bheLavavA cAhe che. akho Ama nirguNa upara AvIne Ubho rahe che, tema chatAM purogAmI dharmacaryAmAMthI mahattvanAM tattvo upADI laI teno samanvaya yoje che. A tattvomAM premalakSaNA uparAMta bIjuM tattva e svIkAre che te che puSTi athavA poSaNa, paramAtmAno anugraha- poSai tanu : paramAtmA icche tene pote prApta thAya.- yamevaiSa vRyte tene mya: 'akhegItA'mAM varNavavAnA viSayomAM jJAna vagere uparAMta ane vaLI puNya' e gaNAve che. Ama, eka rIte, samanvayadarzI akhAe nirguNopAsanA ane tatkAlIna saguNopAsanAno jhaghaDo zamAvyo che. madhyakALamAM akhAnuM samanvayadarzana e lagabhaga chevaTanuM che. 2. akhAno mRtyusaMdeza? - kanaiyAlAla munazIe "akhAno mRtyusaMdeza' ('akhA'jha gospela opha Detha') evuM varNana karyuM che. te yuganI jIvanaparisthiti evI hatI ke akhA jevA paralokAbhimukhatA tarapha dhakelAya-evuM emanuM nirIkSaNa che. I.1573mAM akabare gujarAtane mughala sAmrAjyano bhAga banAvyuM te pachI pramANamAM zAMti hatI. jIvana hataprabha hatuM tethI paralokAbhimukhatA tarapha vaLavAnuM thayuM ema paNa nahIM kahI zakAya. rAjakIya palaTAothI paraloka taraphanuM valaNa vadhI jatuM nathI. akhAne samAjanI khUba TIkAo karavI paDe che. samakAlIna paristhitithI e asaMtuSTa che. ethI prerAIne munazIe AvuM vadhu paDatuM saraLa tAraNa kADhayuM hoya. akhA jevA jAgrata sAdhakane koI paNa jamAnAmAM pUro saMtoSa na thAya ane enAM TIkArazastro vaNavaparAyelAM rahevA pAme nahIM paralokAbhimukhatA e kAMIka kharAba vastu che evA aNagamAbharyA khyAlathI prerAIne A jAtanuM citra munazIe joyuM che. paNa narasiMha ke anya kRSNabhaktonA kavanamAM paralokAbhimukhatA hovA chatAM kadAca evo aNagamo

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384 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 teo nahIM batAve, kemake narasiMhanI ane bIjI kRSNaviSayaka kavitAmAM rasikatA AgaLa tarI Ave che. akhAmAM emane kadAca, A na jovA maLatAM, ene bhAge mRtyusaMdeza'nA vAhakanuM ALa Ave che. kharI vAta e che ke sau bhaktakavi, zuM narasiMha, zuM akho, zvAse zvAse Amukhika jIvananI vAta karanArA che. badhAne mRtyusaMdeza' vAhakanI gALa daI zakAya. hakIkata e che ke tattvajJAnanuM ane dharmagaveSaNAnuM to kAma ja che mRtyusaMdeza sAthe kAma pADavAnuM. paheluM to, "mRtyuno nahIM paNa "mRtyue Apelo e saMdezo che, jema kaThopaniSadamAM naciketAne sAkSAt mRtyu mukhethI maLe paNa che. e saMdezo preya-zreyavivekano che, dehabhAvathI chUTavAno ane AtmabhAvathI vartavAno saMdeza che, jene sevavAne parime bhAsa. atha mo'mRto bhavati, mRtyumukhAtpramucyate, AnantyAya kalpate - matye amartya bane che, mRtyumukhathI chUTe che, anaMtatAne pAme che. grIka philasUpha pleTo jaNAve che tema sokreTIsa hAthamAM jherano pyAlo che ne ziSyavRMdane samajAve che ke jIvana e satata mRtyukriyA che je AtmA jANIbUjhIne svecchAthI kadI paNa zarIra sAthe saMparkamAM rahyo nathI ane potAmAM je nirbhara rahyo che, AvI rIte alaga rahevuM (eksTrakazana) e ja jenuM satata parizIlana rahyuM che, bIjA zabdomAM je philasUphIno sAco upAsaka banyo che ane tethI maravAnI prakriyAmAM ja dinarAta lAgelo rahyo che -kemake philasUphI e mRtyunuM ja zuM parizIlana nathI? te AtmA amRtatvane pAme che." pleTonA A zabdo jANe akho vAMcI na Avyo hoya evA enA uddagAro che : maratAM pahelAM jAne marI.. jyama aNahAlyuM jaLa rahe nItarI. pleTonA eksTrakazanano ja A zabdomAM anuvAda maLI rahe che. harahamezanI maraNaprakriyAnA vicArano paNa akhAmAM suMdara rUpamAM bheTo thAya che : parama pIyUSa ane pAna karavuM, kSaNakSaNe, janma TaLe evuM, maravuM. tattvajJAna, tattvajJAnakavitA mRtyusaMdeza avazya Ape che. paNa e kSaNekSaNe evuM maravAnuM kahe che ke jene aMte amRtatva maLe. paNa AvI carcAomAM je eka vastu bhulAI jAya che te e che ke Amukhika jIvananI vAta karanAra tattvajJAnakavitA, dharmakavitA, ghaNIvAra jIvanane vastutaH agaNita biMduoe sparzatI hoya che ane evA gAyakanI ihajIvananI sUkSma jANakArInI cADI khAtI hoya che.

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akho 385 2. jIvana 1. sAdhAra hakIkato -' akhA vize mAtra enI kRtiomAMthI thoDIka hakIkato maLe che : (1) enAM keTalAMka padone aMte nAmanirvacanamAM "sonArA' evo ullekha che, je e sonI hato ema darzAve che. (2) chappA' (prapaMcaaMga 167-8) pramANe eNe gokuLanAthane guru karyA hatA. (3) enI kRtiomAMthI "paMcIkaraNa'nI hastaprato ane guru-ziSya saMvAdanI paNa koIka hastaprata racanAtAla saM. 1701 (I.1645) ane 'akhegItAnI hastaprato racanAtAla saM. 1705 (I.16 49) Ape che. 2. janazruti" - akho amadAvAdanI dakSiNe dasa mAIla dUra AvelA jetalapurano vatanI hato ane pachIthI amadAvAda AvIne rahyo hato. amadAvAdamAM khADiyA desAInI poLamAM kUvAvALA khAMcAmAM eka makAnanA khaMDane "akhAno oraDo' kahe che ema noMdhI narmadAzaMkara de. mahetA lallubhAI dhoLIdAsanA mata pramANenuM moDhe utarAveluM peDhInAmuM Ape che. dhoLIdAsanA pitA maganalAla, temanA pitA anopacaMda, temanA pitA bhUSaNa ane bhUSaNanA pitA gaMgArAma, akherAma ane dhamAsI ema rahiyAdAsa sonIne traNa dIkarA hatA. akhAe juvAnImAM pitA gumAvyA. ekanI eka vahAlI bena pAchI thaI. patnInuM avasAna thayuM. bIjI vAranI patnIno paNa mRtyue viyoga karAvyo. saMtati hatI nahIM. evAmAM vairAgya tarapha cittane dhakko ApanAra be prasaMgo banyA. eka dharmanI mAnelI bahene traNaso rUpiyA akhA pAse mUkelA te uThAvI levAnI icchAthI sonAnI kaMThI banAvI ApavA eNe akhAne kahyuM. akhAe gAMThanA so rUpiyAnuM sonuM umerI kaMThI karI ApI. sonI to sagI bahenanuM core e kahevatathI dorAI bAIe kasa kaDhAvyo. e cArasonI nIkaLI. kasoTI karavA kApa mUkanAre "e to eno mULa ghaDanAro ja have pahelAM hatI evI karI zake ema jaNAvatAM e akhA pAse rAI ane kaMThI uMdare kApI che kahI samArI ApavA kahyuM. kApa uMdarano nathI, sAcI vAta zI che? -ema pUchatAM akhAne badho bheda maLyo ane ene bahu nirveda thayo. akho amadAvAdamAM TaMkazALano uparI hato tyAre sikkAomAM e halakI dhAtu bheLave che evI koIe rAva khAdhI. tapAsa thaI. thoDAka divasa kAcI jelamAM rahI - chevaTe akho nirdoSa chUTyo. A be prasaMgothI akhAne sonInA dhaMdhA para dhikkAra Avyo ane ojAro

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386 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 kUvAmAM nAkhI daI saMsAramAM sAcuM zuM che tenI khoLa karavA e nIkaLI paDyo. gokulamAM akhA zeThanI mAnapAnathI AgatAsvAgatA thaI. paNa tyAM mana nA mAnatAM e kAzI gayo. tyAM maNikarNikAnA ghATa para brahmAnaMda karIne svAmI rAtre ziSya AgaLa pravacana karatA te, aMdara potAne kadAca sAMbhaLavA besavAno adhikAra na maLe e khyAlathI, parNakuTInI bahAra lapAI rahIne eNe sAMbhaLyA karyA. divase dravya Adi lAlacothI svAmInI e kasoTI karato. kaMcanakAminImAM emanI Asakti nathI e jotAM emanA bodhamAM ene vadhu rasa paDyo. thoDA divasa pachI eka rAte ziSya nidrAnI asara nIce hoMkAro bharI zakyo nahIM tyAre pravacanamAM bhaMga paDaze e dahezatathI akhAthI hoMkAro bharAI gayo. svAmIe bahAra AvI pUchaparacha karI, akhAnI jJAnapipAsA ane samajaNa joI, ene apanAvyo ane jJAna ApyuM. kAzIthI pAchA vaLatAM akho goMsAIjInA darzane gayo. huM akho zeTha chuM' ema kahevA gayo tyAM daravAne parakhAvI dIdhuM, "akho zeTha to baDo paisAdAra hato, tuM phakIra akho zeTha thaI paDyo?' brahmAnaMdane bIjA traNa gujarAtI ziSyo hovAnuM ane temano nirdeza nIcenA duhAmAM hovAnuM kahevAya che : akhAe karyo Dakho, gopALe karI peMza, bUTe karyo kUTo, naraharane kahe zirAvA beza. jaMbusara pAse kahAnavA baMgalAnA bhagavAnajI mahArAja, jemaNe "saMtonI vANI ane "akhAjInI sAkhIo'nuM prakAzana karyuM che te akhAnI ziSya paraMparAmAM pote sAtamA (brahmAnaMdathI AThamA) che ema kahetA. 3. kavanakALa gokuLanAthajInuM avasAna saM. 1697 I.1641)mAM thayuM. gokuLanAtha'nA ullekhavALA chappAmAMnA prapaMcaaMgamAM ja akho kahe che ke guru karavAthI kAMI vaLyuM nahIM, paNa pachI AvI acAnaka hari paragaTa thayo... ane uraaMtara lIdho jANa, tyAra pachI UghaDI muja vANa," eTale ke AtmajJAnanA prabhAvathI potAnAmAM kavitvazakti pragaTI. I.1645nuM paMcIkaraNa' e cAracaraNI 102 kaDInI prAraMbhika racanA lAge che. emAM AraMbhanI 32 kaDIo "chappAmAMnuM 23 chappAnuM paMcIkaraNa aMga hovAnuM joI zakAya che. eTale ke I. 1645 sudhImAM akhAe paMcIkaraNa jevA eka zAstrIya viSayane kAvyabaddha karyo che ane chUTaka chappA'nI racanAo paNa zarU thaI cUkI che. pAMceka varasathI vANa' ughaDI hoya ane te pahelAMnA koI varasamAM (I.1641 pahelAM) gokulanAthajInI pAsethI gurudIkSA lIdhI hoya evuM

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akho 387 bane. Ama jotAM enA kavanakALanI pUrvamaryAdA vahelAmAM vahelI 16 40 aMdAjI zakAya. 'akhegItA' I.1649mAM racAI che. atyAre maLatI akhAnI kRtiomAMthI koI 'akhegItA' pachI racAyAno saMbhava hoya to te hoI zake 40 kaDInuM anubhavabiMdu ane kadAca chappAnAM koIka aMga. "paMcIkaraNa'nA potanI sarakhAmaNImAM cAra varasa pachI racAyelI "akhegItA'nuM pota pariNataprajJAnuM che e jotAM tenI pachI vakhate chaeka varasa kavana cAlyuM hoya. eTale ke kavanakALanI uttaramaryAdA I. 16 55 aMdAjI zakAya. 4. jIvanakALa - sonIno dhaMdho hato, amadAvAda pAsenA jetalapura gAmano rahevAsI amadAvAda jaIne dhaMdhAmAM sthira thAya, nAmanA meLave, janazruti che te mujaba jahAMgIranI TaMkazALano adhyakSa bane, vairAgya pAme, gokulanAthajI pAse dIkSA le, AtmajJAna meLave ane e pachI "kavetA' (kavayitu, kavi) bane e badhI AyuSyayAtrA koI jIvInAM zrImatAma ke dhImatAnde janmelAnI AyuSyayAtrA jevI jhaDapI TUMkI na saMbhave. saheje ochAmAM ochA AyuSyanAM cAlIsa varasa to vyatIta thayAM hoya ema mAnavuM vadhAre paDatuM nathI. eTale ke jIvanakALanI pUrvamaryAdA I. 1600 aMdAjI zakAya. 'akhegItA' pachI koI racanAo thaI hoya teno kavanakALa I. 16 55 sudhIno hovAnI saMbhAvanA svIkArIe to evuM mAnIe ke te pachI pote pAMceka varasa hayAta hoya to paNa chevaTanAM varasomAM akhAe kazuM lakhavAnuM rAkhyuM na hoyaje taddana asaMbhavita nathI. jIvanakALanI uttaramaryAdA vahelAmAM vahelI I.16papa60 lekhI zakAya. akho I. 1600-1655 daramyAna hayAta hato ema mAnI zakAya.' bAvanape budhya AghI vaTI' (chappA 243) uparathI akhAne bAvana varase AtmasAkSAtkAra thayo ane te pachI eNe lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM evI gaNatarI aMbAlAla jAnIe karelI, paNa narmadAzaMkara mahetAe bAvana' e zabda ahIM tema ja bIje mULAkSaro mATe- AkhA zabdaprapaMca mATe vaparAyo che e, yogya rIte, batAvyuM che. paNa tilaka karatAM trepana thayAM' (chappA 6 28) e paMkti ghaNuM karIne potAne udezIne lakhAI che ema narmadAzaMkara mahetA anumAna kare che. A trepana' tilaka' sAthe anuprAsamAM ane ghaNI uMmara cAlI gaI e sUcavavA pUratuM ja lAge che; jema e ja chappAmAM 'kathA suNI suNI phUTyA kAna' emAM kharekhara koInA kAna phUTavAnI vAta nathI - akhAnA potAnA kAnanI hAlata varNavavAno to bhAgye ja emAM prayatna hoya, paNa bAhya AcAramAM bahu lAMbA samaya sudhI racyApacyA rahevAyuM e aMgeno

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388 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ja ullekha che. 5. guru karyA meM gokulanAtha -gokulanAthanA ullekhavALA udgAromAM akhAno temanI TIkA ke niMdA karavAno Azaya che? guruniMdA ke vaiSNavaniMdA ene abhipreta che? gokulanAthano ullekha be chappAmAM Ave che, 167 ane 168mAM, 167no pracalita pATha "pachI guru karavAne gokuLa gayo hato, paNa chappA'nI 1953nI mArI saMzodhita AvRttimAM meM batAvyuM che ke tene mATe upayogamAM lIdhelI ATha pratomAMthI cha prato e kaDI ApatI nathI. eka pratamAMthI A AThamI paMkti chUTI gaI che ane bAkInI eka "gokulanAtha gayo' pATha Ape che, "gokula gayo' nahIM. paNa A chappAmAM gokulanAthane guru karavAnA akhAnA Azaya sivAya bIjuM kazuM kahevAyuM nathI. te pachIno chappo carcAspada che. tenI AraMbhanI cAra paMktinA judA judA pracalita pATha ane hastapratomAM maLatA pATha jovA jevA che : (1) narmada, govardhanarAma tripAThI ane bRhat kAvyadohana-1 no pATha: guru kIdhA meM gokulanAtha, gharaDA baLadane ghAlI nAtha, dhana le ne dhoko nava hare, e guru kalyANa zuM kare? (2) sastuM sAhityavardhaka kAryAlayanI "akhAnI vANI'no pATha: guru karyA meM gokulanAtha, gurue mujane ghAlI nAtha, mana ne manAvI saddaguru thayo, paNa vicAra nagarAno rahyo. I.sa. 1884mAM pUjArA kAnajI bhImajIe pragaTa karela "brahmasvAmI akhA bhaktanA chapAmAM uparano ja pATha che mAtra e manana' Ape che. eTalo phera che. (3) I. 185ramAM zilApresamAM chapAyela amadAvAdanI pustakavRddhi karanAra maMDaLa taraphathI pragaTa thayela "akhAjInA chappA'no pATha: guru karyA meM gokuLanAtha, nagarA manane ghAlI nAtha; mana manAvI saguru thayo, paNa vicAra nagurAno naguro rahyo. meM 1953mAM saMzodhita karelI AvRttimAM gujarAta vidyAsabhAnI hastaprata (naM.582) ane vaDodarA prAcya vidyAmaMdiranI hastapratanA AdhAre pATha svIkAryo che te uparanA (3) pramANeno che, mAtra "saguru' ne ThekANe "saguNo' zabda eTalo phera che. (1) nI pahelI 3 lITIo phArbasasabhAnI hastaprata naM. 267 mAM ane kahAnavA

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akho 389 baMgalAnI hastapratamAM (jemAM nAma "gokalInAtha ApyuM che, ane gujarAta vidyAsabhAnI hastaprata naM.16 35mAM maLe che. traNemAM le' ne badale hare che. dhana hare dhokho nava hare' e paMkti chappA 300mAM Ave che ane ene yogya sthAna tyAM che. tyAM e prApta rAma kare te guru, bIjA guru te vAgyAM varu enI pachI Ave che ane tyAM khoTA gurunI TIkAne sthAna che. 16 8mAM e asaMgata che. 16 8no balake AkhA prapaMcaaMga' (163-170)nA ATheATha chappAno saMdarbha jovo jarUrI che. prapaMca aMga" guruonA prapaMca aMge nathI, paNa vAkuprapaMca aMge che. "zloka subhASita mIThI vANa' gAnArA kavione akho kahe che ke huM paNa mana manAvavA eka moTA mANasane guru karI Avyo hato, paNa eTalA mAtrathI AdhyAtmika anubhava maLI jato nathI. traNa mahApuruSa pahelA traNa vaiSNava AcAryo) kharA, paNa cotho Apa (AtmA)-jeno na thAye vede thApa, tene "akhe uraaMtara lIdho jANa, tyAra pachI UghaDI muja vANa." AdhyAtmika anubhava pAmyA pachI pote moDhuM kholyuM che, kavavA mAMDyuM che,- carvitacarvaNa karavAno vAprapaMca pote karyo nathI. aMte umere che : je narane AtmA guru thaze, kahyuM akhAnuM te prIchaze." sAcA kAntadarzI AdhyAtmika kavi thavA mATe AtmAne guru karavAnI jarUra che e vAkaprapaMca aMgenA AkhA prapaMca aMga'-no mathitArtha che. Ama, mahAjanane guru karavAthI ApaNe sagarA thayA ema mana manAvI zakAya che, vicArathI to nagurA ja rahIe chIe, evo svAnubhava prapaMca aMgamAM kavie TAMkyo che. emAM mahAjanano nahIM, paNa bAhya AcAramAM rAcatA potAnA manano doSa jovAno eno Azaya che. eTale ke prapaMca aMga'no Akho saMdarbha jotAM emAM akhAno Azaya gurunI nirbharsanAno nahIM paNa potAnI nirbharsanAno che e spaSTa joI zakAya che. gharaDA baLadane ghAlI nAtha'--e pATha traNa hastapratomAM maLe che ane e paMkti e rIte hoya to paNa artha to e ja uddiSTa che ke gurunI dIkSA laIne pote gharaDA baLada jevo che tene kAMIka aMkuzamAM ANyo-nAtha ghalAvI. sAdhako A jAtanI bhASA yoje che. dayArAma kahe che : "mAruM DhaNakatuM Dhora DhaNake che bahu najhamAM... vaza karI rAkho nija pAsa mAguM." akhA upara jeno ni:zaMka khUba moTo prabhAva che te purogAmI mAMDaNa kahevato gUMthIne racelI prabodhabatrIzImAM eka kahevata Ape che : "e to pachI saguru zuM kahaI, ju galIu DhAMDhuM thaI rahaI?-- jo tuM gaLiyo baLada thaIne rahe to pachI sagaro che ema kahIne zuM? nirbaLa aDiyala manavALo saguro bane te gharaDA-gaLiyA baLadane nAtha ghalAvavA jevuM che. ema karavAthI e

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390 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 kazuM siddha na karI zake. "gharaDA baLadane ghAlI nAtha' e lITI kharekhara akhAe lakhI hoya ema mAnavAmAM arthasaMgatino vAMdho nathI. paNa e pAThavALI hastaprato e paMktinI pachI 300mA chappAmAM prastuta evI dhana hare' vALI paMkti Ape che ane pAMcamI chaThThI paMkti tarIke "akhA guru jJAnI karavA kharA, je hari dekhADe sabharA bharyA Ape che, je 322mA chappAmAM AvatI 'te mATe jJAnI guru karo, je hari dekhADe sabhA bharyo' paMktio ja che. Ama "gharaDA baLadaravALo pATha ApatI hastapratomAM pachInI cAra paMktiono pATha paNa vIMkhAI gayo che. vaiSNava AcArya pratye akhAnI kahevAtI TIkAvRttine janazrutie uThAva Apyo lAge che, paNa tene mATe koI AdhAra nathI. lebhAgu guruono akho tIkho TIkAkAra che, paNa gurutvano e virodhI nathI. sAta "vAra' lakhe che tyAre e guruvArathI zarU kare che. 'akhegItAnA dareka kaDavAne aMte AvatA "sevo hari-guru-saMtane' e zabdo batAve che ke jIvanmukta jJAnI saMta e ja guru che, e ja hari che evuM samIkaraNa akhAe anubhavyuM che. akhAno guru hADamAMsanA mAnava karatAM vadhu to mAnavamAM pragaTa thatuM paramatattva che. ethI e gokulanAthanA ullekhavALA chappA pachI eka chappA bAda (170mAM) "AtmA guru thavAnI vAta kare che ane guru thA tAro tuM ja ema "anubhavabiMdumAM anurodha kare che. pote gokulanAthane guru banAvI potAne sanmArge vALavAno prayoga karI joyo che e aMge prapaMcabhaMgano gokulanAthavALo ullekha che. e ullekha niSphaLa akhatarAno che, jemAM doSa eNe potAno joyo che. niSphaLa sAdhanAkramamAM e jema amuka mAnavaguruno nAmollekha kare che, tema "AtmA guru zI rIte thayo (e to kahe che ke "AvI acAnaka hari paragaTa thayo') - e saphaLa sAdhanAkramamAM ne sAdhanottara kramamAM koI mAnava guru hoya to teno spaSTa nAmollekha eNe karyo nathI. 6. akhAnA guru "brahmAnaMda0 -'akhegItA'nI pracalita AvRttiomAM pAMcamI paMktine aMte brahmAnaMdanI' zabda Ave che. e uparathI sastuM sAhityanI "akhAnI vANI'nI prastAvanAmAM svAmI svayaMjyoti kahe che ke "maMgalAcaraNamAM enI gurumUrtinA nAmano Ama e ullekha kare che. narmadAzaMkara de. mahetA samAsa zabdano artha to brahmatattvano AnaMda evo kare che paNa "akho zaleSachAyA vaDe brahmAnaMda gurano ullekha kare che11 ema kahe che.

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akho 391 saM.1785mAM racAyelI "akhegItA'nI mArA jovAmAM AvelI jUnAmAM jUnI be hastaprato phArbasa gujarAtI vidyAsabhAnI saM.1773nI hastaprata (naM.194) ane gujarAta vidyAsabhAnI saM.1774nI hastaprata (naM.1218) "brahmanaMdanI' pATha Ape che. eTale zabda "brahmAnaMda-nI nahIM paNa "brahma-naMdanI' (brahmanI naMdinI AnaMdadAtrIduhitA, brahmamAMthI prasavelI) che. madhyakALanI kRtiomAM AraMbhe maMgalAcaraNamAM sAmAnya rIte gaNapati, sarasvatI ane gurunuM, e krame, vaMdana karavAmAM Ave che e premAnaMdanA saM. 1727mAM racAyelA "caMdrahAsAkhyAna'nI pahelI, bIjI ane trIjI kaDImAM anukrame prathama samaruM gaNapati.." "sAya karo mAtA sarasvatI...." ane "nija guru karuM dhyAna dharatAM..." jovAthI jaNAze. akho 'akhegItA'nI pahelI paMktimAM "oma namo triguNapati rAyajI' ane trIjI kaDImAM "guru golaMda, golaMda guru, nAma yugma rUpa eka' kahe che. te be vacce bIjI kaDI che : carNa cItavI stuti karuM cidazakti brahmanaMdanI, aNachate akho adhyAropa kare kathA nija AnaMdanI. joI zakAze ke akho maMgalAcaraNanI pahelI kaDImAM gaNapati, bIjImAM sarasvatI ane trIjImAM gurune saMbhAravAnA upakramane anusaravA karI rahyo che. enI bIjI racanA "anubhavabiMdunA maMgalacAraNamAM yogendra tripAThI pAsenI prata maMgalAcaraNanI eka kaDIno "oma nirguNa guNapati dhAma" thI AraMbha karI tenI chellI paMktio nIce pramANe Ape che: svara-veNA dharati thakI cIdasakti mahAsarasvatI, teha akho jamala jANI stave sarvAtIta sarvano pati. eTale ke "anubhavabiMdunA maMgalAcaraNanI kaDImAM paNa gaNapati ane sarasvatInuM stavana che, ane emAMnI cIdasakti mahAsarasvatI' e ja 'akhegItA'mAM 'cidazakti brahmanaMdanI' che, eTale ke "akhegItAnI bIjI kaDImAM "brahmanaMdanIthI sarasvatInA ullekhane avakAza che, "brahmAnaMdanA ullekhane avakAza nathI. advaitavAdI akho "anubhavabiMdumAM gaNapati ane mahAsarasvatInA spaSTa nAmollekha kare che. "oma nirguNa guNapati dhAma' ema gaNapatinA smaraNa pahelAM ja nirguNane eNe AgaLa dharyo che ane gaNapatine badale guNapati' rUpa mUkI guNapati ane nirguNanI ekatA sUcavI dIdhI che. gaNapati ane mahAsarasvatInuM

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392 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa-1 smaraNa pote bhale karyuM. chellI paMktimAM spaSTatA karI chUTe che ke e be rUpone jamala-ekaThAM jANIne sarvAtIta sarvezvara paramAtmatattva brahmane ja pote stave che. 'akhegItAmAM to devadevInAM chUTAM nAma paNa advaitavAdI kavie lIdhAM nathI. AraMbhamAM ja "oma namo triguNapati rAyajI' kahyuM temAM traNe guNano svAmI samrATa paribrahma ene namaskAra karyo che, emAM triguNapati'mAM samAviSTa guNapati (gaNapati)nuM sAthe sAthe smaraNa thaI gayuM e ja. gaNapatinuM smaraNa karavAno A prasaMga che eno potAne khyAla che eTaluM triguNapati' zabdanI pasaMdagI dvArA e sUcavI de che. bIjI kaDImAM paNa brahmanaMdinI cita-zaktinI stuti che, 'anubhavabiMdunI jema spaSTa sarasvatIno ullekha nathI. brahma-naMdinI, brahmaduhitAbrahmamAMthI prasavelI ci-zaktinI akho stuti kare che, zleSachAyAthI brahmAnI duhitA sarasvatInI stuti emAM thaI jatI hoya to bhale. trIjI kaDImAM gurunuM stavana che temAM paNa guru te goviMda goviMda te guru, nAma judAM che, nAma aMge dvaita che, vAstavamAM advaita che, ema kahI tyAM paNa akho paramAtmatattvanuM ja stavana kare che. AkhA gujarAtI sAhityamAM 'akhegItA' jevuM maMgalAcaraNa nahIM maLe, jemAM gaNapati-sarasvatI-gurunuM stavana karavAnI paraMparAne anusaravA karato kavi vicArapUrvaka te te deva ke mAnuSa vyaktithI Upharo jaI e traNe jenAM rUpa che tevA eka mAtra paramAtmAne ja stavI rahyo che. trIjI kaDIne aMte e kahe paNa che : "karuM budhdhamAne huM viveka.'- buddhinA mApathI pote viveka vAparIne daitane TapI jaI "rUpa ekaneparamAtmAne ja stavI rahyo che. naMdanI' zabda kaMIka aparicita hoI lahiyAonA doSathI pAchaLathI kAno umerAI gayo lAge che. paNa brahmAnaMdanI" pATha levA mAganArAoe paNa bIjI kaDI je sarasvatI stavana mATe che temAM eno artha brahmAnI naMdinI-putrI sarasvatI evo sIdho sarasvatIno ullekha ja jovAno raheze, guru (nAme brahmAnaMda)nuM stavana karavAno tyAM avakAza ja nathI, kemake gurunuM nIco namI' stavana karavA mATe to AkhI trIjI kaDI yojAI che ja. akhAmAM bIje kyAMya paNa "brahmAnaMda Ave tyAM brahmano AnaMda artha karavAne badale vizeSa nAma jovAmAM Ave to evI rIte nAmano jemAM AbhAsa hoya evA ghaNA zabdo haka karatA AgaLa Avaze. "garavA guru maLyA re saMta niraMjana deva pada 3) jotAM niraMjanane guru mAnavAno prasaMga Ave. 'naraharie kIdhI rAbaDI, bUTo kahe zirAvA beza' evA pAThAntaravALA janazrutinA duhAe cAra gujarAtI samakAlIna kavio thoDevatte aMze jJAnanA upAsako

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akho 393 che eTalA pUratAM e nAmone bhegAM gUMthyAM che ane emAM teonI sArI nukatecInI thaI che. paNa e cAra eka gurunA ziSyo hatA evuM emAM kayAMya sUcana sarakhuM nathI. kharI vAta e che ke "akhegItA' racAI te ja arasAmAM gopALe racela jJAnaprakAza" athavA "gopALagItA'mAM gurunuM nAma somarAja ApyuM che. "sataguru svAmI zrI somarAja kRpA thakI havuM graMthakAja.' eka bhajanamAM paNa potAnuM ane gurunuM nAma eNe gUMcyuM che : "meM matavAlA rAma kA, ajara pyAlA prema kA muja asara AyA re, masta bhayA gopAliyA somarAja pivADyA re.12 akhA jevA akhAnI paNa gAdI sthapAI! ane pahelA gAdIpara tarIke brahmAnaMdanuM nAma mukAyuM! kahAnavA baMgalAnuM guru-peDhInAmuM ('akSayavRkSa') maLe che je te parathI traNaso jeTalAM varasamAM sAta-ATha guruo gAdI upara AvyAnuM Thare che, je pratItikara nathI. lohInI sagAInI-saMtatinI peDhIo paNa eTalA gALAmAM vadhu thAya, jyAre guru vRddhAvasthAmAM gAdI para Ave, thoDA varasamAM sadUgata thAya, bIjA guru paNa prauDha hoya, vaLI thoDAM varasomAM gAdIdhara badalAya, e jotAM putrapeDhIo karatAM ziSyapeDhIo to ghaNI vadhAre thAya. A "gAdI eTaluM batAve che ke akhAnAM lakhANoe ThIkaThIka rasa upajAvyo hovo joIe. mane mahAdevabhAI desAI pAsethI jANavA maLyuM hatuM ke teoe umareThaDAkora bAju akhAnAM bhajano gavAtAM sAMbhaLI tapAsa karI to jANavA maLyuM hatuM ke tyAM rItasaranI eka 'akhAmaMDaLI" cAlatI hatI, jenI pAsethI teone akhAnAM aprasiddha evAM keTalAMka suMdara pada sAMbhaLavA maLyAM hatAM.14 3. kRtiopa 1. paMcIkaraNa' Adi gauNa kRtio paMcIkaraNa' ane 'guruziSyasaMvAda saM. 1701mAM ane 'akhegItA' saM.1705mAM racAyAnA te te kRtionI hastapratomAM ullekho maLe che. pariNataprajJAnI kRtiomAM anubhavabiMdu e "akhegItA' lakhAyAnA arasAnI, saMbhavataH tenI pachInI kRti che ane chappA', koI koI hastapratamAM maLatuM enuM eka paMcIkaraNa aMga' prathama prabaMdha-racanA paMcIkaraNa"no bhAga banyuM che e jotAM, saM. 1701 pahelAM racAvA zarU thayA che ane 'akhegItA' pachInA samaya sudhI racAtA rahyA hovA saMbhava che. chUTaka maLatAM pada' ane "sakhI-dUhA' vagere paNa chUTaka chUTaka lAMbA samayamAM ekaThAM thatAM gayAM hoya. bAkInI kRtio 'cittavicArasaMvAda', kaivalyagItA', "akhAjIno

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394 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 kakko', "sAtavAra' ane 'mahinA', "akhAjInA kaMDaLiyA, "saMtanAM lakSaNa' athavA kRSNauddhavano saMvAda, avasthAnirUpaNa' ane hiMdImAM "saMtapriyA', "brahmalIlA' 'ekalakSaramaNI', "akhAjInI jakaDI' ane 'akhAjInA jhUlaNA' e kRtio sAmAnya rIte saM. 1701nI be kRtio ane saM.1705nI eka kRti enA vacalA gALAmAM racAI lekhI zakAya. kRSNalAla mo. jhaverIe "paMcadazItAtparya ane paramapadaprApti nAme be graMtha akhAnA hovAno nirdeza karyo che paNa te hajI jovAmAM AvyA nathI.19 paMcIkaraNa'18 102 cAracaraNI copAInI saLaMga kRti che. kacaraNI copAInI 23 kaDIonuM "paMcIkaraNa aMga' e chappAnI dhATIe thayeluM enuM prathama DoLiyuM hoya. emAM ene paMcabhUtanI kaDIo TUMkAvavI paDI che, cAracaraNI karavI paDI che. kadAca ene pachIthI ema lAgyuM hoya ke lAMbI racanA cAracaraNI copAImAM ja relAvavI sukara raheze. pachI be saMvAdakAvyomAM paNa e prayoga ane khapa lAgyo che. paMcIkaraNa jevI zAstrIya mAhitInI racanAmAM paNa akhAnAM samaja, daSTi, vyApa ane abhivyaktilAghavano tema ja kavacit camatkRtino anubhava thAya che. zUnyamAM kArano dhvani UThatAM traNa guNo janme che. parAvANI avyakta che, payaMtI sattvaguNa (viSNu) kakSAe, madhyamAM rajoguNa (brahmA) kakSAe ane vaikharI tamoguNa rudraya kakSAe che : vastu viSe svabhAvuM zUnya, te mAMhAM praNava uThe dhUnya, te oMkAra jANe trivarga, tattva te teheno upasarga. 4 te oaMkAra avIta aMkora, te trIdhA thAI avAcyani jorya, parA e avakata Ii mAI, pasaMtI varNo samo gaeNNa thAI. 92 madhyamAM brahmA rajoguNarUpa, vaikharI rudra saMghAraNa bhUpa...93 cauda lokamAM virATa phelAyo che te uMbarAnA phaLavAnA surekha dRSTAnnathI e varNave che : jyama uMbara vakSa thaDathI phali, mUla Tocya sUdhAM phala nIkali, tyama cauda loka sUdhA sarva jaMta, e vairATa phalo $i mAMhino taMtuM96 hastapratonI bhASA-lakhAvaTa kevI hoya che teno ane akhAnA samayanI bhASAno kAMIka khyAla paNa uparanAM avataraNothI Avaze. chiM, nIkali e jUnI gujarAtI"mArugurjara-nAM rUpo hajI cAlu che, kAMI nahIM to lakhAvaTamAM, lahiyAo jUnI bhASAnI nakalo kare eTale bhASAnI thoDIka agAunI kakSAne jALavavA prerAvAnA. upara baMne ThekANe uccAraNa che: "nIkale eTale ke "e') che.

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akho 395 'guruziSyasaMvAda'19 ane cittavicArasaMvAda' svarUpa paratve ApaNe tyAMnI saMvAdakAvyo lakhavAnI paraMparAne anusare che. prathama kRti saM.1781nI che ("savaMta 1701 satara prayaMma havo graMthano utpanna, jayeSTha mAse kRSNapakSe navamI somavAsara dIna'). gurune dehadhArI tarIke jovAmAM rahelA khatarA aMge akho enI lAkSaNika rIte Takora kare che: joze eMdhANa jo deha taNAM, to tuM bhaTakIza hajI ghara ghaNAM. (3.71) saMvAda guru-ziSyanI ekamayatA prabodhI sArthanAma thAya che. kRtinA aMtabhAgamAM 'ema kahI ziSya laya thato prema kare praNAma, huM hune praNamI kahuM, namo namo nijadhAma - e zabdomAM baMnenI ekatAno bhAva je sacoTatAthI vyakta thAya che tevo bhAgye ja bIje kyAMya thayo hoya. | 'anubhavabiMdunA zaradaRtuvarNana dvArA thayelA brahmAnubhavanA samullAsano Acho IzAro ahIM maLe che : jyAre pragaTya anubhavaaMga, tyAre pheriyA saghaLA raMga. (4.25) zaradaRtuno havo prakAza, tyAre nirmaLa jaLa AkAza. (4.26) akhegItAnA "navanItasarakhuM hade komala' Adi lakSaNo dharAvatA bhaktanA varNananI yAda Ape evI mumukSulakSaNonI paMktiomAM akhAnI kalamanI lAkSaNika prasAdI maLe che: matapaNuM nahIM, atidInatA udadhikerI gaMbhIratA, marALa kerI mana cAturI, paya grahI nIra diye paraharI. (3.105) nija Atma dekhe sahumAMya, kalpadrumanA jevI chAMya. (3.106) 'cittavicArasaMvAdamAM akhAno vicAraminAra ane kAvyAbhivyakti baMne jhaLake che. "akhegItA'nuM guru-goviMda samIkaraNa ahIM aMtabhAgamAM cAlatI guru vizenI vistRta carcAmAM taiyAra thaI gayuM che. guru kaivalya, kaivalya te guru (369). 'anubhavabiMdu(10)mAM svapnasaMsAranuM hUbahU varNana che te ahIM (16 7-8) prAthamika rUpamAM jovA maLe che, vani-dIpaka ane arka-kiraNanAM dRSTAMto paNa (anu.16, citta.141). "chappA sAthe ghaNAM sAmyo dekhAze. keTalIka 'cittavicArasaMvAdanI uktio karatAM chappAnI vadhu sArI-vadhu surekha maLaze. te chappA" karatAM pahelI lakhAyelI hovI joIe :

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396 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 suNa mana e moTuM vAMkaDuM. rUdhyuM te te kema rahe mAMkaDuM? citta. 144) akho moTuM che vAMkaDuM. jyama karavuM vIMchIe mAMkaDuM. | (chappA 39). jANe paDachaMdAnI paThe, tuM jANI bole che haThe. (317) jyama paDachaMdo nara mAnyo nare, jyama bole tema uttara kare. (59) 'cittavicArasaMvAda' e 'akhegItA', "anubhavabiMdu ane chappA'nA mahattvanA bhAga pahelAM racAyelI kRti che. ane akhAnI racanAomAM guNavattAnI dRSTie enuM sthAna A traNa kRtio pachI Ave che. brahmalIlA'21mAM darpaNanI ane dAminInI paricita upamAo jovA maLe che. saMtapriyAmAM be vAra "guMsAIno ullekha che, je uparathI narmadAzaMkara de. mahetA aTakaLa kare che ke eNe "pUrvAvasthAmAM zrI gusAMIjIno vaibhava paNa pratyakSa joyo jaNAya che. bIjI kRtiomAM carcAyelA keTalAka viSayo A kRtimAM spardhAyA che. khalajJAnI karma aru brahma donoauM kyuM ryo e varNana ane guru goviMda, goviMda so hi guru' e samIkaraNa tarata dhyAna kheMce che. bIjI paracuraNa racanAomAM saMtalakSaNa3 sAmAnya koTinuM che, to sAtavAra 24 guruvArathI AraMbhAya che e nAnakaDI vigatamAM akhAnI khAsiyata chatI thaI jAya sAkhIo25 - duhA' e madhyakAlIna sAhityano eka mahattvano prakAra che. AkhA uttara hiMdamAM keTalIka sAkhIo lokajIbhe caDhI gaI hovA saMbhava che. ane keTalAka bhAvo, vicAro, upamA, daSTAMto ekathI bIjI bhASAmAM, eka ja bhASAmAM paNa ekathI bIjA bhaktasaMtanA uddagAromAM ane vizALa lokasAhityamAM paDaghAyAM karyA hoya. chappAnAM keTalAMka vicArabiMduo A duhA-prakAramAM paNa cheDAyAM che. 'akhegItAnA dehavairAgano mahimA ahIM binaagni jala jAye' (48.9). akhA jAne birahayuM ke jAne kiratA' (48.13) jevI paMktiomAM thayelo jovA maLe che. sAcI premabhaktimAM vacce oTa(ADaza)-ahaMoTa rahevA na pAme e vaDaprayoganI vAta akhAI mudrAvALI mArmika uktiomAM (3).1-3) thaI che. piyA piyA kara saba gAta hai, aMga nacAya nacAya; akhA na bujhe koI piyA, bIca koI baDI balAya.

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akho 397 premarasa nainana milana nitya navala raMga bhoga, dekhI cAkhI kahe akhA, so koI baDA prayoga. piyA piyA saba kahe, oTa Tarata nahIM bIca, akhA bhoga tahAM kAyakA, bIca bina-pANI kIca. vagara pANIe vacce kIcaDa thayo che, kAraNa ke vacce "akhA oTa hai ApakI - 'ahaM-oTa mahArAja',-ahaMtAno paDado che. jIvana ane mRtyune akho caitanyasAgaranA taraMgo-rUpe jue che. akhA, maraNa kA bhe nahIM, aura jIvaNa kA bhI nAMhe. maraNa-jIvana do moja hai cetanasAgara mAMhe. (6 8.19) A sAkhIo ke duhA (hastapratomAM parajIA duhA tarIke paNa te oLakhAvAya che, keTalAka gujarAtImAM che, keTalAka sadhukkaDI hiMdImAM che. satyane e lIlayA pakaDe che. tenI pAchaLa yogya daSTAnnapasaMdagI kAraNabhUta che. "AzA vaguve vizvane e batAvavA kahe che : "jyama daDo doTAve nara akhA kSaNekSaNe harSa zoka' (86.17). ane icchA karavI e ja brahmadazAno svAda bagADavA jevuM che e batAvavA e kahe che ke "amRtamAM sAkara bhaLe, akhA te dUSaNa sAra' (87.7). akho enI atimitAkSarI mArmika zailImAM kahI de che : "jAgyA vinA jAye nahIM- eka sapana ne saMsAra' (92.15). padaka AkhA kavanakALa daramayAna racAyAM karyA hoya to navAI nahIM. paNa pramANamAM padomAM kaTAkSa ocho jovA maLato hoI ane caritArthatAnA udgAra AgaLa paDatA hoI, saMbhava che ke maLe che te padomAMno moTo bhAga uttarakALano hoya. "saMto re vanaspati phUlI', 'vArI jAuM raMgabajANiyA, "sAMtIDuM joDIne samajAvIe, rAma rame juga sArA, saMto bhAI', 'Alama phUla AsamAnakA', 'jJAnaghaTA caDha AI acAnaka', "akala kalA khele nara jJAnI', "brahmarasa te pIye re je koI brahmavaMzI hoya" (jeno paDagho garabI-padaniSNAta dayArAmanA premarasa tenA uramAM Thare je koI premaaMza avatare'mAM saMbhaLAya che. jevI racanAo akhAne acchA padakAra tarIke sthApe che. brahmakhumArInA jevAM ja premakhumArInAM pado paNa akhA pAsethI maLe che. enA vaiSNavI saMskAranuM e eka uttama phaLa gaNI zakAya. ane emAM "kIca' nathI. 'hari kuM heratAM, sakhI, meM re herANI rasika mUMjhavaNa vyakta kare che. gujarAta vidyAsabhAnI hastaprata 1218nAM vraja bhASAnAM aprasiddha pado 27 premalakSaNAnA utkaTa ugAro che : "lAjU lAja na rahIe, sahI e, jAgaNa terA nIMda sarIkhA, jo

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398 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 tuM sAthIkaMTha na lAgI re, 'AlI saba sakhiyanameM kavana zyAma sabanameM hari rahyo lukAI, rasabasa khelata nitya phAgu, suratasAgara ko nAMhI tAga, kaheta akhA bhayo raMgarola, sadA nIraMtara hai kola.' 'akhegItA'nA aMtima pada "abhinavo AnaMda Aja agocara gocara havuM e'-mAM ane khAsa to "Aja AnaMda mArA aMgamAM Upanyo' e padamAM anubhUtinA AnaMdano spaSTa raNako che. Aja AnaMda mArA aMgamAM Upajo, paribrahmanI ane bhALa lAgI. te re vahAlo muja pAsathI pragaTiyo, sadguru zabdanI coTa lAgI. koI kahe jIva che, koI kahe ziva che, thApauthApamAM koI na sIdho, . Apa te Apano amIrasa ghUMTavA ziva te jIvano veza lIdho. hAthathI nAkhIne dUra levA gayo, jANe zuM vastu nava hoya AvI? AvI ajJAnanI ADa Ubho rahyo, tAre mATe tuM to jone jAgI. huM TaLyo, tuM Tharyo, karatAra karuNA karI, sukhaduHkha vRkSanI mULa dAjhI, supana samAI gayuM, jayama hatuM tyama thayuM, akhe nijapada lahyuM sukhanI gAdI. narasiMhanA "jAgIne jouM tone jANe ahIM akho AMbavA karato na hoya! aMtanA 'supana samAI gayuM mAM ane jIva-zivanA ullekhamAM, chaMdanI pasaMdagImAM, AMtaRAsamAM tema ja AkhI kRtinA sUramAM e pratIta thAya che. mAnabhera narasiMhanA padanI paDakhe UbhuM rahI zake evuM pada akho ApI zakyo che, je jevItevI vAta nathI. 2. "akhegItA 8 AtmavidyA-brahmavidyA e "akhegItAno viSaya che. hastapratamAM AraMbhamAM kyAreka atha sarItA mahAmokSayinI tiradhyate - have pachI mahAmokSa ApanArI akhegItA lakhavAmAM Ave che evA zabdo maLe che. akhAe ja kahyuM che ke "jIva brahma mAMhe bhaLyAno akhegItAmAM bheda che' 35.9) ane emAM 'caraNe caraNe AtmavidyA (40.8) che. 'akhegItAmAM 40 kaDavAM ane 10 padamAM kartAe karelA viSayanirUpaNano Alekha A pramANe joI zakAya : 1. prAstAvika, advaita-anubhavanI iSTatA kaDavAM 1 thI 3 2. mAyAno prabhAva kaDavAM 4 thI 8

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akho 399 3. parabrahma-ArAdhanAnI agatya, bhaktimahimA, jIvanmukatanuM varNana pada 2 kaDavAM 9 thI 16 pada 4 4. parabrahmapadaprAptiviSayaka kaDavAM 24 thI 28, pada 7 anya matonI UNapo kaDavAM 29 thI 31 7. gurusevanano mahimA kaDavAM 3ra thI 35 8. advaitAnubhava kaDavAM 36 thI 39 9. upasaMhAra, advaitAnubhavano AnaMdodgAra kaDavuM 40, pada 10 'akhegItA'mAM nirUpAyelI vastuono ullekha chellA kaDavAmAM che: emAM jJAna bhakti vairAgya che, mAMhe mAyA nirIkSaNa daSTaya, jIvanmukta ne mahAmuktanAM cihna ne vaLI puNya. (405) e bAbato 'akhegItAmAM carcAI che e vAta kharI, paNa e krame te nirUpAI nathI. akhAno tattvavicAra balake anubhavavicAra sAyaeNta samajAya e rIte 'akhegItA'mAM nirUpAyelI bAbatono paricaya A krame thaI zake - 1. (a) mAyAnirIkSaNadRSTi kaDavAM 4-8 (A) jIvabhAva nAbUda thaI brahmabhAvanuM UghaDavuM brahmanuM svarUpa 17-23, 37-38; jagatanuM svarUpa 7, 19-23; jIvanuM svarUpa 19-20, pada 5 brahmabhAva pAmavAnA upAya vairAgya 9; bhakti 10-11; jJAna 12, pada 3 kaDavuM 36, pada 9; khoTAMsAdhana 15-27, 29-31 brahmabhAva pAmelI vyaktio jIvanmukata 13-16, pada 4; videhI mahAtmA 28, pada 7, saddagurusaMta pada2, pada 3, kaDavAM 32-35, 39; puSTi 34 1. (a) ajJAnanA paDaLane kAraNe jIva AtmAthI 'otaLIne "mAyAvato' vicare che, jANe ke jAgrata svapnamAM. mAyA paMcapa che - e jIvamAM avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa ane abhiniveza nipajAve che. pariNAme mANasa potAnuM Atmatva, svarUpa gumAvI bese che,-"ema ApopuM nara khuve'. mAyA khATakInI peThe jIvane ghaNA ghaNA bhakSyabhoga Ape che paNa te aMte vadha karavA mATe ja. bhikSuka pAchaLa raDavaDato markaTa mAgato phare che tevI mAyAthI doravAtA jIvanI sthiti che. eno dorIsaMcAro 2.

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40) gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 bahu sUkSma hoya cheH "cAlya cAturI coda vidyA avidyA sarva sAdhanA, paMDita jANa kavi guNI dAtA, -e mAyA kerI ArAdhanA'. mAyA moTI nadI che. "samajI na jAya evI che, dekhAtI nathI, vastutaH che paNa nahIM ane te chatAM bhAre sAmarthyavALI che. 1. cituzakti 2. zUnyasvAminI ane 3. prakRti rUpe A sacarAcara sRSTinI e Adya jananI che. caude lokane eNe janma Apyo che. omkAranI paNa pahelAM e hatI. paMcIkaraNa'mAM akhAe darzAvyuM che ema - vastu viSe svabhAvuM zUnya, te mAMhAM praNava uThe dhUnya, te oMkAra jANe trivarga, tattva te teheno upasarga. 4 -brahmavastu to svabhAve zUnya che, temAM praNavanI-mUkAranI dhUna UThatAM traNa guNo (munA a, u ane muM, anukrame sattva, rajas ane tamasa) ane temAMthI mahAbhUto AdinI sRSTi sarjAya che. brahma "nAyAsamalita'-mAyAzaktithI zabalita (ke saMmilita?) - thatAM A nAma-rUpavALI sRSTirUpe vikase che. jema ThaMDIne lIdhe pANImAM jaDatA pragaTe ane e barapharUpe pratIta thAya tema brahma ja mAyA-zabalita thatAM sRSTirUpe pratIta thAya che. jAgrata svapna jevuM, citte prakalpeluM, nAmarUpanI sRSTivALuM, mAyAzavalita brahmanuM rUpa sAcA jJAnanA prabhAvathI zamI jatAM, e badhAthI para chavIsamo paramAtamA' (parabrahma) jevo hato tevo, yathAsthita, jemano tema anubhava-gocara thAya che. nathI emAMthI kAMI janmatuM, nathI emAM kazuM parivartana thatuM. A rIte akho gauDapAdAcAryanA ajAtivAda pramANenuM ane omkAra athavA praNava athavA zabdabrahma vaDe jagatanAM sarjana-sthiti-laya nirdezatA praNavAnusaMdhAnanA vicAra pramANenuM potAnuM darzana nirUpe che. gauDapAdAcArye nirUpyuM che : ne zat vastu nAte gauDapAdakArikA 4.22) - kazI vastu janmatI nathI. tattattamaM satya yatra vina nIyate (3.48) - kazAno janma thato nathI e ja UMcAmAM UMcuM satya che. manAtacaiva sarvasya vidzya hiM tadyata: (4.77)- jeno janma thayo nathI te sarva cittane bhAse che. mAyAjagata citta prakalpeluM che, vastutaH nathI. mAyAmAtramiTuM vaita mate paramArthata: (1.17) - A TaeNta je bhAse che te to mAyAmAtra che, vastutaH to ekaluM brahmatattva ja che. akhAnA zabdomAM : phUTastha AtmA brahma kevala, tehano sarva saMsAra; jehane vizeSaNa eke na lAge, te vilasI rahyo saMsAra. (18.8)

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akho 401 1 (A). mAyAnirIkSaNadRSTi lAdhatAM brahma, Izvara, jagata ane jIvanuM sAcuM svarUpa samajAI jAya che. cho kaivalyasvAmI tamo, dIso Izvara mAyA jIva, e traNa prakAre thAo tadravatu paNa svabhAve tamo ziva. (1985) kAcanA maMdira(19)nI upamAthI akho kaivalya, mAyA, Izavara ane jIvano khyAla Ape che : jyama kAcanuM maMdira racyuM nIla pIta zubhra zyAmanuM, te Upare tapiyo sUra jyAre, tyAre vicitra rUpa thayuM dhAmanu. 8 kaivalyasUra tame sadA ane mAyA te maMdira kAca, Izvara nAma te tehanuM, jIva thaI mAnyuM sAca. 9 -raMgaraMgI kAcanA maMdira samA mAyAmaMdiranI aMdara jIva thaIne sUryanuM je raMgAyeluM svarUpa anubhavyuM te Izvara che, paNa upara je raMgarahita sUrya tape che te che kaivalyabrahma A badhI saMskRtimAM "aNachato jIva huM huM kare'(19.10). akho 'darapaNa mUkIe sAmasAmAM'- e dRSTAnta dvArA paNa parabrahmarUpI arIsAmAM "ajA AvI aNachatI AvI bhAsI' (22.6-9) e darzAve che. AkAzamAM vividha raMganAM vAdaLo Upaje che ne vilIna thAya che, paNa vyoma yamanuM tyama kapUranuM dRSyata ApI kahe che: 'e to arUpa keruM rU5 baMdhAyela, pAchuM rUpa arUpa thaI jAya'. ane mULa vAta e daDhAve che : "bhAI, je che te to e ja che. bIjo vicAra manano ghaDyo' (manAtacaiva sarvasya vittaddazya hi tata:). parabrahma ane narane akho anukrame nara ane pratibiMba sAthe sarakhAve che : "aNachato jIva thAye Ubho... narane uchAMIyo kayama kaLe te hIMDe buddhimAMhAM ANavA (20.2). mana azeSa thaI jAya eTale pachI kevaLa parabrahma rahe : "mana mUA taba hai saba rAmA' pada 5). 2. brahma pAmavAnA upAyamAM virahavyAkulatAnuM akho mahattva kare che - AturatA mana ati ghaNI, jyama mIna vicharyuM nIrathI, ajJAna-sIMcANo leI UDyo, teNe dUra nAMkhyuM tIrathI. te taDaphaDe talape ghaNuM behano sUra upara tape, saMsAra rUpI bhUmi tAtI, nIranIra aharniza jape.

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402 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 kAla-sIMcANo zira bhame te tenI daSTa paDe, nIravihoNuM vadhu dAjhe, phALa bhare ne phaDaphaDe. nayaNe nIra dekhe nahIM, kaLakaLe kALaja baLe. peTe pUThe ke pasUADe yama paDe tyAM dAjhe jhaLe. kAmadhenunA paya viSe jo koI mUke tehane, to-ve ApanyA nohe makarane, vAri vahAluM jehane. jaLa jhaMkhatA matyanI yAtanAnA hUbahU citraNamAM gujarAtI bhASAnI zaktinuM -khAsa karIne kriyApadonI zaktinuM (taDaphaDe talape, phALa bhare... phaDaphaDe, kaLakaLe, dAjhe jhaLa) suMdara darzana thAya che. jaLAzayathI cuta thayelA matsyane kAmadudhAnA payamAM nAkhatAM paNa zAtA vaLavAnI nathI. Avo greha virAga' jene vyApyo hoya te jIvapaNe jIve nahIM." akhAe samakAlInomAM bhaktine nAme cAlatI vevalAI ane vilAsitA joyAM haze. e to jJAna ane vairAgya jenI sAthe aMgAMgabhAvathI joDAyelAM hoya ene ja bhakti tarIke svIkAravA taiyAra che. eka adbhuta upamAthI e saMbaMdha e nirdeze che: bhAI, bhakita jeThavI paMkhiNI jene jJAnavairAgya be pAMkha che. jJAna eTale zuM? jJAnI che, jene pragaTe paramAtmA." hRda-guhAmAM rAma pragaTyo, teNe pAlaTo manano thayo. mAyAne ThAma brahma bhAsyo, saMsArano saMbhava gayo. (12.2) khoTAM sAdhananI akho khabara laI nAkhe che. SaDradarzana AdinI maryAdAo traNa kaDavAM (29-10) bharIne eNe AlekhI che. khAsa to zUnyavAdIo upara ene dAjha caDe che, kema ke te parapaMca mithyA kahe, paNa rude jagata sAcuM sahI' (26.2) ane 'de' sudhI tenI dazya che' (27.10). Atmaudyota vinAnI citrAmaNanI jyotathI zuM vaLe? evA "adhama zUnyavAdI' "te zUnyavAdIe pUrA nahIM ema kahI akho umere che ke sAcA zUnyavAdI advaitamAM rame che. "kharA zUnyavAdI tehane kahIe je vastu vizva be na kare sahI' (26.10). 3. brahmabhAva pAmelI vyaktionuM varNana akho ullasita citte kare che. adhyAtmasAdhanAno khyAla chevaTe to adhyAtma jIvatI vyakti kevI hoya tenA varNana

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akho 403 dvArA vadhu sacoTa rIte ApI zakAya. gItAe sthitaprajJa, bhakta ane guNAtItanAM surekha citro ApyAM che. akho ghaNuMkharuM kaDavAne aMte sevo hari-guru-saMtane e zabdo mUke che. e traNano nirdeza karavA karatAM vadhu to e hariguru=saMta e samIkaraNa sUcave che. nitya rAsa nArAyaNano jotA bhaktajananuM akhAnuM citraNa (11.3-10) gujarAtI kavitAsAhityanuM eka ratna che : bhakta te je ema jANe, jANIne hRdayA dhare : 'svAmI mAro rahyo saghaLe', aharniza ciMtana e kare. bhuvana traNamAM rahyo pUrI pUraNa sTaeN paramAtamAM, pote te piujI niraMtara, bheda dekhuM, huM bhAtamAM. mAro rAma rame che sarva viSe,'--ema hete hIse maMna, hari kahe, hari sAMbhaLe, harine soMpe tena. nitya rAsa nArAyaNano dekhe te anaMta apAra, jyAM jevo tyAM tevo nArAyaNa nara-nAra. gadagada kaMTha gAte thake romAMcita hoye gAtra, harSa su heta hRde, prema keruM te pAtra. navanIta sarakhuM hrade komala, kahyuM na jAye heta, AMkhamAM amRta bharyuM, bhakti keruM te kSetra. khAto pIto bolato dekhe te saghaLe rAma, vadhuM mana rahe tehanuM zithila saMsArI kAma. jyama jAra-lubadhI juvatI, tenuM mana rahe prItama pAsa, aharniza rahe AlocatI, bhAI, evuM mana haridAsa. jIvanmukta bAhya upAdhiomAM "bhaLyA sarakhA bhAva dekhADe che paNa aLagA rahevAnI "akala kalA mahaMtane' che e aneka mArmika dRSTAMtothI akho darzAve che. mahAmatyanuM dRSTAMta gatizIla ane Urjita che : jyama mahAjala mAMheno makara moTo te aMbudha madhya Agho rahe, UMco AvIne alpa varate, vaLI mahAnidha jAto rahe. (13.6) nirguNa brahma e ja saguNa saMtarUpe vicarI rahe che : "pratyakSa rAma te tattvavettA

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404 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 viSe' (pa6 8.4). agnithI dIvo pragaTAvavA karatAM dIve dIvo peTAvavo sahelo paDe che e rIte saMtanI madadathI bhagavAna bheTe ja vahelo'. guru brahmabhAva daDhAvavAmAM sahAyabhUta kevI rIte thAya che te eka uttama dRSTAMtathI akho samajAve che. kuMjalaDI iMDAM mUkyA pachI dUra dUra cAro caravA vicare che paNa tehanI surata rahe sarakhI mAMhomAMhAM, to apatya tAMhAM Uchare. vaNasevye sevAye bALaka, tyama kRpA Ave guru taNI' (34.9-10). eka moTuM AzvAsana-vAkya akho Ape che : jyama bhaktane bhagavAna vahAlA, tyama bhakta vahAlA bhagavAnane' (35.3). 'akhegItA' mAM puchya'nI - anugrahanI vAta paNa karavA dhArelI che. eno aNasAro jUnA sAhityamAM che ja, paNa zrImad vallabhAcArye, jemaNe to puSTimArga ja calAvyo, temanI pachI AvanAra samanvayadarzI akhAmAM puSTi pradhAnatA na pAme tenI ja navAI. paNa akho puruSArthanI kiMmata jarIke ochI AMkavA mAgato nathI. e aMgenI akhAI mudrAvALI be paMktio juo : : jyama chIpane ratya kharI Upaje to upa2 Ave jaLa mAMhethI, tehanI sUratano tANyo te parajanya AvI varase kyAMhethI. (34.3) gujarAtI jJAnAzrayI kavitAdhArAnA saMdarbhamAM akhegItA'ne jovI rahe che. akhAnA purogAmIomAM eka gaNanApAtra kavi narahira che, balake e jyeSTha samakAlIna che. enI jJAnagItA' saM. 1672mAM, 'vasiSThasAragItA' saM. 1674mAM ane 'bhagavadgItA' saM. 1677mAM racAI che. naraharinI prabodhamaMjarI'ne aMte AvatI paMkti, 'nimittamAtra te naraharidAsa, kartA puruSottama avinAza' ane 'jJAnagItA'nI mune hirae kahevarAvyuM, te kahyuM... naraharine te nimitta dIdhuM' te 'akhegItA'nI aMtanI paMkti akhAne zira nimitta devuM icchA hatI anaMtane'nI ane 'saMtanAM lakSaNa'(jJA.9)nI te hira bola harI sAMbhala' 'akhegItA'nI 'hira kahe hari sAMbhaLe'nI pUrvavartI che. saMbhava che ke jJAnAzrayI kavitAmAM A jAtanI zabdAvali rUDha hoya. prabodhamaMjarI'mAM saMtanAM lakSaNa Ave che, paNa narahirae tera kaDInuM svataMtra saMtanAM lakSaNa' kAvya paNa ApyuM che - (jema akhAe paNa 32 kaDInuM ApyuM che.) 'jJAnagItA'nuM kAThuM zloka, kaDavAM, padanuM baneluM che. akhAnA 'guruziSyasaMvAda'nI eka pratamAM base cAlIza che cope, madha saMvItanA zloka cauda' ema vacce saMmatinA cauda saMskRta zloka hovAno ullekha che. A rIte zloka ApavAnI paNa paraMparA hoya. noMdhavAnuM e che ke akho A jAtanI paraMparAno jANakAra che ane lAbha lenAro che. jJAnagItA' satata 'akhegItA'-kAranI najara AgaLa che.

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akho 405 jJAnagItAmAM sAmAnya rIte dareka kaDavAne aMte gurubhakti karatAM saMtasaMge virale jayogendra kahyuM Ave che tema dareka kaDavAno aMta akho "sevo harigurusaMtane' evA ugArathI lAve che. naraharinA aMtima padamAM paNa 'harigurusaMte kRpA karI e' mAM e tripuTI ekasAthe nirdezAI che. akhAmAM maLatA gauDapAdAcAryanA jAtivAdane agAu naraharie jJAnagItA" mAM jyAM che tyama' (12.8,15.19), "Ima yathArtha jyamayama thayuM (14.2) Adi dvArA puraskArelo che. pANImAMthI barapha jAmavAnuM ne pharI baraphanuM pANI thavAnuM akhAnuM dRSTAMta paNa enI agAu naraharimAM paNa jovA maLe che? "jyama pANIthI pAlo hove, pAlo te pANIrUpa' (16.9). zabdo, vAkyakhaMDo, upamA dRSTAnto, bAnInI AkhI ibArata ane kaDavAM-padanuM racanAkAThuM e badhAM upara vaDerA naraharinI mudrA "akhegItA'mAM jovI muzkela nathI. tema chatAM, koI gujarAtI kRti anubhavanI utkaTatA ane spaSTatA-ane ene lIdhe pratIta thatI maulikatA-vaDe maMDita hoI bhagavadgItAnA kuLanI eka svataMtra gItAracanA tarIke svIkAravAne pAtra hoya to te niHsaMzaya "akhegItA' che. bhagavadgItAnI peThe "akhegItA-mAM kAvya ane tattvajJAnanuM AsvAdya saMmizraNa thayeluM che. "akhegItA' e gujarAtI tattvajJAna-kavitAnuM eka uccazaMga che. h 3. "anubhavabiMdu29 chUTaka chUTaka, lAMbA samaya daramyAna, racAyelA chappAmAM akhAnI je samajaNa sacoTa chatAM verAyelI paDI che, ane akhegItA prakaraNagraMthamAM je kramabaddharUpe vigate nirUpAI che te kaho ke AcamanarUpe "anubhavabiMdumAM sAMpaDe che. enI cALIsa kaDIomAM nIce pramANe viSayano Alekha jovA maLe che. : 1. graMthAraMbha-prArthanA kaDI 1-2 viSayAnukramanirdeza AtmajJAna mATe anurodha, gurusevana brahma 5-6 mAyA-Izvara-jagata 7-10 jIva 11-13 brahmabhAvadazA : jIvanmukta 14-19 sAdhanAne nAme ALapaMpALa : karmakAMDa, kIrtana, paMDitAI, siddhio, vagere 20-23 9. brahmasvarUpanI sUjha, samaja sAcuM sAdhana 24-31 h h ` m

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406 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 10. brahmAnubhavano mahimA 11. 'phalazruti' 32-36 37-40 akho potAnI uttarAvasthAnI be mukhya racanAo-akhegItA'ane 'anubhavabiMdu'- nAM maMgalAcaraNa anokhI rIte kare che te agAu brahmAnaMda' aMgenI carcAmAM joyuM che. prapaMcathI je pAra che te 'tattvamasipada'nI vAta pote kaivalya, Izvara, jIvanA bheda nirUpIne 'anukrame' kahevA mAge che ema akho prastAva kare che. pANImAMnA caMdra karatAM AkAzano caMdra alaga akaLa jhaLakyAM kare che tema parabrahma alaga vilase che. mAyAmAM paDeluM brahmanuM pratibiMba te Izvara. pRthvI upara vRkSa, dhAtu, prANIo ema bahoLI sRSTi che paNa aMte to sau pRthvInAM ja che, pRthvI te pRthvI ja che, ema caude brahmAMDa AtmAno ApavistAra mAtra che. svapnamAM mANasa saMsAra mAMDe ne jAge tyAre kazuM hotuM nathI, eka pote ja hoya che, ema sarvAtIta eka AtmA ja je A badhuM dekhAI rahyuM che temAM sabho bharelo che. jIvano khyAla ApatAM, rUpakathI akho kahe che ke samudranuM pANI UDI, vAdaLarUpe dUra dUra varasI, nadIrUpe vahI, samudrane pAchuM AvI maLe che, ema ja zrIharirUpI sAgarane jIva-nadI' AvI maLe che. AtmA jIva-bhAva dhAraNa karatAM jaMjALamAM paDelo che. brahma sAthe sAyujya pAme che tyAre jIva saghaLe mAtra hirane dekhe che. zaradaRtunA rUpakathI brahmAnubhavanI mahAdazAnuM atyaMta kAvyamaya varNana akho Ape che. adhyAtmajJAna vagarano karmakAMDa to AkAzapuSpa vecavAnA udhAmA che. kIrtana, varNAzrama-abhimAna, haThayoga, mUrtipUjA e badhuM chAza pIne peTa bharavA jevuM che. SadarzanajJAna, dAnavIrapaNuM, kIrti, trikAlavettApaNuM, vagere siddhio dvArA paNa mAyA mANasone markaTa banAve che. tethI brahma-svarUpanI sAcI sUjha prApta karavA akho anurodha kare che. AtmAthI juduM bIjuM kAMI paNa jovuM e ja vighna che. mAyAno pasAro saMkelavo,-ema enuM kahevuM che. traNa suMdara upamAcitrothI akho brahma ja eka che e vAta ThasAve che: (1) kAcanuM ghara hoya, temAM rahelAne aneka raMgo dekhAya, paNa kharekhara to sUrya (ke caMdra) sivAya kAMI nathI. (2) vanamAM gopIo hAthI rUpe goThavAI kanaiyAne besADIne lAve che tevI bhAtavALA 'nArIkuMjaracIra'mAM pUtaLIonI bahulatA dekhAya che, paNa bIjI rIte juo to hAthI ja dekhAya che. pUtaLIonI bahulatA pramANe saMsAramAM jIvonI bahulatA che. hAthInI jema Izvara che. paNa vastranuM pota jema badhe eka ja che tema saMsArane jotAM temAM eka kailyatA ja dekhAze. (3) jema koI koI moTo

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akho 407 parvata dasavIsa kosa dUra hoya chatAM nikaTa lAge che ane eno prauDha mahoro dekhAya che, nAnI nAnI vIgato (zilAo, jhADI, vRkSa-pAMdaDAM, jharaNAM, khINa vagere) AgaLa tarI AvatI nathI, balake bhaLIne ekAkAra thayelI hoya che, tema brahma ja eka badhe, sahajajJAna thatAM, bhAyamAna thaze. AvI brahmabuddhi Upaje te mATe sAdhana vicAravuM joIe. AraMbhanI kaDIomAM sadguruno mahimA karanAro ane "sagaro jANe saMca' ema sagarA sAdhakanuM mahatva karanAro akho ahIM guru aMge spaSTa doravaNI Ape che : "guru thA tAro tuM ja.' gauDapAdanA ajAtivAdanI samaja akho A kRtimAM paNa prastuta kare che. niraMtara badhe brahma ja brahma che, kazuM emAMthI jatuM nathI, nIpajatuM nathI. jema che temanuM tema che, akhA thayuM gayuM kaMIe nathI." AnaMdaghana AtmA ja mAtra che, e mAnavInuM sva-rUpa che. - brahmAnubhavanI vAta prAcIna kALamAM aneka bIjAone kahI che. e "mahAnubhava maLe to tenI AgaLa bIjAM badhAM kRtya kazA lekhAmAM nathI te raviratha upara beThelA badhuM ja joI zake che e dRSTAMtathI akho darzAve che. chellI kaDIomAM 17 vAra "anubhava" zabda Ave che. (15 paMktio "e anubhava' thI zarU thAya che ane be vAra "mahAanubhava' zabda vaparAyo che, eTale A laghukRtine 'anabhavabiMdu nAma maLyuM lAge che. akhAe pote e nAma ApyuM lAgatuM nathI, hastapratomAM evuM nAma maLatuM nathI. "atha aSAjInA cAlIsa chappA prAraMbha', 'itizrI aSAjI kRta chapA saMpUrNa ema saM. 187ranI prata kahe che. "cAlIsa chapA" athavA mAtra "chapA' nAmathI kRti pracalita hovA saMbhava che. atyAre chappA' nAmathI jANItI akhAnI lokapriya kRti hastapratomAM chape' nAmathI ullekhAtI hoI enAthI judI pADavA A racanAne "anubhavabiMdu' nAma apAyuM hoya. paNa "anubhava" zabda upara najara rAkhI kRtine jeNe paNa "anubhavabiMdu' nAma ApyuM hoya teNe bhAre aucitya dAkhavyuM che. "biMdu' nAma dhAraNa karanArI kRtio vize narmadAzaMkara de. mahetA kahe che : "atharvavedanAM keTalAMka upaniSadomAM amuka viSayanuM ekI'raNa karI gaMbhIra artha TUMkAmAM jaNAve che tevAM upaniSadone biMdu eTale kendrabhAvane pAmelo vicAra evuM nAma ApavAmAM Ave che, jema ke dhyAnabiMdu, amRtabiMdu, nAdabiMdu. pAchaLathI vedanA zAstranuM tAtparya jemAM ekatra thayuM che evA prakaraNane biMdu nAma ApavAmAM Ave che, jema ke zaMkarAcAryanI "dazazlokI' uparanI madhusUdana sarasvatInI TIkAne siddhAMtabiMdu' kahe che... biMdu eTale TapakuM nahIM, paraMtu gaMbhIra vicAranuM jyAM ekIkaraNa che evA graMtha samajavAnuM che."30

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408 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa - 1 kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruva yogya ja kahe che, 'prAkRta upaniSada jovAnI icchA hoya teNe anubhavabiMdu vAMcavuM. temAM gurumukhe ziSya pratye svarUpAnusaMdhAnano bodha che. "satya satya paramAtmA, huM nahi e teno pradhAna viSaya che. jeno anubhava karAvavA vedAMtI lekhaka- "guru thA tAro tuM ja' ema zrImukhe bhAkhe che. ane anubhavabiMdu- mAM tema ja "akhegItA'mAM ukta kathananA anvaye zrotA paNa akho che ane vaktA paNa akho che. baMne kRti carama bhUmikAe pahoMcyA pachInA aMtima lekha che. ane teo umere che ke upaniSadarUpa nirdezela 'anubhavabiMdu eka arthagaMbhIra ramaNIya khaMDakAvya paNa che. 31 anubhavabiMdumAM paNa akhAnI paddhati 'akhegItAne maLatI ja che, maMgalAcaraNa ane phalazruti pUratI ja nahIM, paNa viSayanirUpaNa aMge paNa. advaita-anubhavanI iSTatA, mAyAno prabhAva, brahma (ane Izvara, jagata, jIva) nuM svarUpa, brahmabhAva pAmelA jIvanmuktono mahimA, anya sAdhanAonI UNapo, "mahA-anubhava'noadvaitAnubhavano AnaMda, -viSayanirUpaNano Avo taMtu baMnemAM lagabhaga ekasarakho jovA maLe che. alabatta, anubhavabiMdumAM saMkSepa hoya e svabhAvika che. AtamasUjha karAvavAmAM akhAne kavitvazakti khUba khapa lAge che. anubhavabiMdumAM chappAnI pahelI cAra lITIomAM vacce prAsa-sAMkaLI yojavAthI nIpajato layahillola racanAmAM eka sAthe saMyama ane skUrtino anubhava karAve che. jyama vRSAkAla hoya gaya. ratva, yama rUDI dIse, dhinuM Dohola palAya vAyu maMda haluA hIse; cAsana camake caMda baMdha sarva manano bhAge. tyama bhAge bhavabhrAMti kAMti hatI jyama Age. vAyu vimala hoya vege catura liMga lekhe lahe, cidAkAza cidamaya akhA be-dhyatA samarasa rahe. 15 zaradaRtunA samullAsanA Alekha dvArA akho brahmAnubhavanA samullAsanuM sUcana hRdayaMgama rIte karI zake che. vAyu maMda haluA hIro mAM Akho AnaMda pragaTa thaI jAya che. "cAsana (ughADo) camake caMdamAM niravarodha AtmapratItinA ullAsano uddagAra che. bolacAlano sacoTa zabda racanAmAM Avatokane saheje yathAsthAne goThavAI jato hoya che, akhAne AyAsa karavo paDato nathI. varNasagAI jevA alaMkAro paNa potAno phALo ApI chUTe che. mukhyatve to upamAo. rUpako, dRSTAMto dvArA akho kAma kADhI le che. zaradaRtunA

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akho 409 dRSTAMta jevuM ja hRdayaMgama 'vacce jIva-nadI thaI vahI' (11) e rUpaka che. kAcanA maMdiranuM rUpaka akhAnI maulika pratibhAnI mudrAvALuM che - jyamAM moTA maMdira mAMhe tyAMhe che kAca ja DhALyA, nIla pIta bahu raMgaraMganA bheda ja bhALyA; tyAM Ugyo zazI ke sUra, dUrathI aMtara jhaLake, te bahu dekhADe rUpa, dhUpa vividha pere caLake. akhA upara avilokatAM te tyAM che temanuM tema che, tyama trilokI jANaje vastu vaDe e ema che. 27 nArIkuMjarIranuM dRSTAMta viSayane spaSTa karavAmAM upakAraka nIvaDe che. dasavIsa kosa dUranA, paNa nikaTa bhAsatA, parvatanuM dRSTAMta bhavyatAno IzAro kare che ane akhAnI maulika kavitvazaktino suMdara paricaya karAve che. viSayanI UrjitatA AvA Alekhana vagara kadAca chatI thaI zakI na hota. ' upara sUcavyuM che tema 'anubhavabiMdumAM kavitvazaktino mukhya unmeSa che layAndola. chevaTanI kaDIomAM "e anubhavathI aneka paMktio zarU thAya che temAM utsAhano eka prabaLa dhabakAro che. layadvArA eka prakAranuM saMmohana jAme che. anubhavabiMdumAM akhAnI AtamasUjha tema ja kavitvazakti ghUMTAyelA svarUpe pratIta thAya che. anubhavabiMdu e "akhegItA' prakaraNagraMthamAM maLelI saphaLatA pachI Akho viSaya hastAmalaka karI ApavA mATeno akhAnI pariNataprajJAno prayatna hoya. akhAne koIe kahyuM hoya, tamArI gItA kharI, paNa amane UMDA pANImAM utAryA vagara jhaTa samajAI jAya evuM bane to kaMThastha karI pATha karI zakIe evuM, kAMIka kAM na Apo? pUrvAzramanA ghATarasiyA akhAe "anubhavabiMdumAM AtamasUjhanA kuMdanane surekha ghATamAM rajU karyuM che. anubhavabiMdu e khare ja ciMtanarasanuM ghaMTeluM eka mauktikabiMdu che. tema chatAM hastapratomAMnAM prAsasAMkaLIne ane chaMdane vicchinna kare evAM pAThAMtaro, koI koI mahattvanA zabdo aMge acokkasatA,-ene kAraNe 'anubhavabiMdunI chApa kAMIka durUha racanAnI paDI che. viSaya nirUpaNanI pratijJAne kAraNe jema 'akhegItA' tema "anubhavabiMdu paNa niSNAto-viziSTa sAdhako mATenI kRti banI rahe che. "akhegItA' ane anubhavabiMdunA vAcanane aMte-te zabdasRSTi AtmasAt karavAne pariNAme - chevaTane palle vAcakane maLe che anubhava karatAM vadhu to anubhavano Alekha. pahelImAM nityarAsa nArAyaNano jevA keTalAka khaMDakomAM

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410 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ane bIjImAM zaradaRtuvarNana jevA prasaMgoe anubhavasparza thAya che, paNa ekaMdare A baMne kRtionI rasAvahatAmAM kAMIka UNapa rahI jatI lAge che. gujarAtI bhASAnI tattvajJAna kavitAmAM advaitAnubhavanA surekha sabaLa nirUpaNa tarIke akhegItA'nI joDAjoDa 'anubhavabiMdu' paNa lAMbA samaya sudhI vaMcAze. 32 4 chappA akhAno anubhavaspaMda ApaNA kAvyAnubhavaspaMda rUpe pratIta thavAmAM ochAmAM ochI muzkelI hoya to te chappA'mAM. 'akhegItA'mAM ane 'anubhavabiMdu'mAM kramabaddha je vicAro maLe che te chUTaka chUTaka chappA'mAM akho verato rahyo che, jo ke e badhA vicAro pAchaLa rahelI dArzanika bhUmikA lagabhaga ekasarakhI che. 'lagabhaga' eTalA mATe ke chappA' vadhAre lAMbA gALAmAM racAyA hoI akhAnA manamAM vikasatI jatI vicArabhUmikAomAMthI te te bhUmikAnuM prAdhAnya te te vakhate racAyelA 'aMga'mAM hoI zake. ekaMdare 'chappA'nuM tAttvika pota ekasarakhuM che. brahmabhAva aMgenuM chappA'mAM pota juduM ane tenI uparanI bhAta judI evuM rahevA pAmatuM nathI, darzana ane kavitA ekarUpa thaIne, moTAbhAge, pragaTe che. chappA' lokapriya che te enA darzanane kA2Ne ke kavitAne kA2Ne? manuSyamAM dharmatRSA, tattvatRSA toSanArI kRtiomAMthI sauthI vadhu saundaryatRSA paNa hoya che. gujarAtI lokasamAje, koI vivecaka 52 prazna choDavAne badale chappA'ne potAnI chAtI sarasA rAkhIne akhAnI tattvatRSA toSanArI kRtiomAM sauthI vadhu sauMdaryatRSA chipavanArI kRti e che e jAhera karI dIdhuM che. enI e tattvanI vAto chappA'mAM ugArAya che, paNa tyAM eno raNako ja judo che. brahma eka che e vAta akhAe eka sAdA praznathI sUcavI che : ghaNA paramezvara e kyAMnI vAta?" (385) vaLI kahe che : "anubhava kare tyAre eka AtamAM' (265). kharuM jotAM 'eka' evI saMkhyA paNa ghaTatI nathI. e vAta mArmika rIte e mUke cheH eka nahIM tyAM bIjuM kazuM" (8) uktivaicitryathI akho bAjI jItI jAya che. brahma yathAvat, nirvikAra, che : "zAthI laIne zAmAM bharuM? kacama akhaMDa brahmanI khaMDaNA karuM? akhA, e tAM che adabada' (269). gauDapAdAcAryanA ajAtivAdanA prabhAva nIce caitanya tyamanuM tyama' nirvikAra rahe che e kahetAM e thAkato nathI. arUpI rUpe bahu thayo, svasvarUpe jyamano tyama rahyo' (156). [uparAMta juo 663, 1473, 2579, 3099, 3403, 3467, 3486, 518u. (chappAnI paMktione anukrame aAiIuU- thI nirdezI che.)]

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akho 411 brahmavastu varNanakSama nathI, anubhavakSama che: kAMI samajyA sarakho che mahArAja. (343) jagata mithyA che, kAraNabrahmanuM kArya cheH sata caitanya, ne mithyA mAya, akhA ema dITho parabhAya. (504) loka cauda caitanyano ThATha, nIpajatA jAye ghATaghATa. (389) jIva brahma che, brahmathI judo nathI. huM pUraNa brahma caitanyadhana eka' (59), akhA, akSara tuM kSaravastu nohe' (406). suMdara rUpakathI akho ThasAve che: "tana tIratha, tuM Atamadeva' (405). jIva aNachato, achato ("chUpo', na dekhAtoe arthamAM nahIM paNa mULa asat -je che ja nahi evo -nA arthamAM) che ema vAraMvAra akho kahe che : aNachato jIva tuM kAM thAye chato?" (229) e vAta suMdara samajAvaTathI eNe pharIpharI mULa che: je muja pahelo hato kiratAra. muja jAte rahe che hari, vace huM rahyo mAthe karI. akhA ema vicArI rahe, zIza-poTalo nAkhI de. (30) madhye vyasana lAgyuM karI jIva, akhA Adi aMte ziva. (236) brahma te pota ane jIvo vagere te bhAta. 'thAya bhAta paNa sAmarthya pota (155). jarIka zabdaramata karI akho samajAve che: "pota na lahyuM, te pote thayA' (253). potApaNuM TaLe to potapaNe lAdhe. "oM thAya akhA, jo pote TaLe (233). potApaNethI je nara TaLe, te aNaAyAse harisAgara maLe' (6). advaitabhAva-abhedabhAvano staMbha ropI aDIkhama UbhavA e anurodha kare che : ahaMbrahma ropI rahe thaMbha... e sadA sarvadA cAlyuM jAya, tuM aNachato Ubho zAne thAya? (376) kAma sakaLa muja pUraNa thayAM, brahmasAgara mAMhe gaLI gayAM. huM harimAM ane mujamAM hari, ema akhA nakhazikha rahyo bharI. (239). kaivalya, Izvara, jagata, jIva e badhAnA paraspara saMbaMdhanuM varNana zvetAzvetara upaniSadanA samayathI cAlI AvatI ane zaMkarAcArye upayogamAM lIdhelI mAyA ane

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412 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 mAyinnI upamAthI "vizvarUpa aMgamAM akhAe karyuM che. cAmaDAnA TukaDAnI AkRtio dIvA AgaLa dharIne batAvato naTa te Izvara, dIvo te brahma. ALA carma kerAM bahu rUpa, naTa dekhADe bhAta anupa. chAmakheDAmAM beTho chapI, ramI rUpa pAchAM vaLe khapI. khela cAle je dIpaka vaDe, tene akhA kAMI nava aDe. (151). lakSacorAzI khANe jaMta, paDamAM naTa te Izvara anaMta. dIpaka te parama caitanyabrahma, je vaDe cAle Izvarakarma, (15) jagata ane brahmanuM aita zamatAM akhaMDAkAra brahmabhAvanI bharatI anubhavAya tenAM varNano ullAsa-UchaLatAM che : cidaarNava sadA bharapUra, akhA utpatyasthitizaya laherI pUra. (443) cidaarNava kerA budabudA, Upaja khape svabhAve sadA. (465) caitanyabrahma sadodita sadA, saheja kallola kare che cidA. (127) AvI AtamasUjha pAmyA pachI mukti ane enAM sAdhana-jJAna, karma, bhakti, vairAgya e badhA vizenI najara ja badalAI jAya che. "mukita vAMchavI e baMdhana nAma' (66), kemake emAM kaita-adhyAsa pragaTa thAya che. "jIva thaI thApe bhinna bhagavaMta, jIva thaI mukti mana mAne jaMta (309). dhyeya ane dhyAtA judA na hoya tyAM jANaNahAra-jJAnI banavAthI ta ja vadhe: "akhA aNaliMgI pada anupa, jyAM dhyeyadhyAtAnuM na rahe rUpa' (160). jANapaNuM melIne jANa, jANa thaye jANyuM nahi jAya. jANaNahAro bIjo thAya' (233). "samajaNahAra vinA samajavuM, kahe akho huM evuM kavuM, (17). AtmAmAM jJAnakartutva evo dharma AropAya che eTaluM ja, akho enI marmALI rItathI pUche che: "koNa kaLe kene kaLe? (51) tuM kalpadruma, kAM kI mare?" (404) zaMkarane anusarI jaDa karmakAMDane utArI pADavAmAM akho ALasyo nathI. tIrthATana, dehadamana Adi anivArya nathI : "goLe mare kAM zodhe vakha, tapI bhamI kAM pAme da:kha? (31) harimaNi kaMThe che tene zodhavA rastAnI dhULa cALe tyAM karmakAcanI kaNikA jaDe che, e 'alpa prApti ne ati AyAsa' (111) no mArga che. karmakaMDuthI saMsAra vadhe che. eka sacoTa rUpakathI phaLalipsA aMge sAvadha kare che : "karma kare ne phaLanI Aza, e to harimAragamAM mevAsa' (178). akhAne mate "sAcuM sAdhana

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akho 413 zuddha vicAra' (195) eTale ke jJAna che. "savicAra vinA kare je ghaNuM, paNa dhULa upara akhA lIMpaNuM (423). prabhunI jema ja, aMtarathI akartA rahI karma karavAno gItAbodhyo niSkAma karmano mArga e cIMdhe che : aMtare rahe arjA thaI, to karma karatAM lAge nahIM, jyama bAje ghaDe saheje saMsAra, paNa akhA akartA rahe kiratAra. (180). akhAne mana bhakti paNa jJAna-aMtargata che. "savicAra te sAcI bhakti' (417), "jJAna vinA bhakti nava thAya, jyama cakSuhINo jyAM tyAM athaDAya" (322). vAraMvAra e kahe che ke pahelAM prIcho, pachI bhajo : "bhakta che, je prIchI bhaje (189); ane pachI narmokitathI umere che, "rAmanAma pratye guNa ghaNo... vaNasamaye sUDo nitya kahe, sAmuM kaThapiMjaramAM rahe' (329). abhedAnubhavIne bhakti karavA jevuM ja rahetuM nathI. pote je kAMI vastu samarpavA jAya che te prabhunI ja nIvaDe che. bRhaspatiputra kaca dhyAnamAMthI bahAra AvIne, ji roma 4 'chama? mAtmanA pUrita vizvam - huM zuM karuM, kyAM jAuM? cArekora brahma bhareluM che,' evI virATa mUMjhavaNane vAcA Ape che. akho to avAka thaI jAya che : "akho je je karavA gayo, e to ema aNabolyo rahyo' (208). be upamAo e yoje che. priyatamane pAmyA pahelAM enI raTaNA samajI zakAya, paNa sohAgaNane to niraMtara svAmI sAthamAM ja che. vaLI DhaMta ja nathI to mANasa potAne sAda kare e kevuM lAge?-- kuMvArI le varanuM nAma, paNa sadA sohAgaNa saMge svAma. pote potAne karavo sAda, e to akhA ghelAno vAda (289). ane pachI akho mArmika rIte pUche che : "harimAM rahe te guNa zuM gAya?' (289) "aLago jANe to levA jAya... toya kaMI tarasya kahetuM phare?" (29O) - pANI kaMI kahetuM pharatuM nathI ke huM tarasya chuM. Ama, akhAnI bhakti saguNanI na rahetAM nirguNopAsanAmAM aMtargata thaI jAya che : vicAre bhakti thAye vaNa karI (422). navadhA bhaktithI para javA e sUcave che : jenI bhakti ekyAsI pUraNa thaI, bAsIe budhdha AvI rahI (79). navadhAnI pAra premalakSaNA che ane jJAnadazA che. akho nirguNopAsanAne premalakSaNArUpe jue che. hastaprato bahAranA, aMtanA, chappAomAM eka bahu suMdara chappo maLe che : jJAnI vihArI gopI jazA, te ja jJAnI jene gopInI dazA. gopI bhUlI ghara ne bAra, gopI bhUlI kuTuMba parivAra; potAnI deha paNa bhUlI gaI, akhA kAminI kuLavaMta thaI. (695).

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414 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 vairAgya akhAne mana jJAnabhaktithI bhinna nathI : bhakti, jJAna ane vairAgya, padAratha eka, traNa nAma vibhAga' (453). 'akhegItA'nI jJAnavairAgya- pAMkhALI bhaktipaMkhiNInuM varNana kadAca A paMkti pahelAM ja thaI gayuM haze. akho 'jJAna' zabda karatAM bhakti-jJAna-vairAgyane samAvI letA anubhavanuM sUcana karavA mATe 'zuddha vicAra', 'sadvicAra' vadhu pasaMda karato lAge che. paNa eno sauthI priya zabda che 'sUjha', 'samaja' : 'jJAtAne sAdhana te sUjha' (287), 'paNa jJAna to che AtamasUjha' (308), 'akhA samaja te sAdhanarAja'. AvA sUjhasamajavALA mANasa mATe akhAe chappA'mAM sUjhALo, anubhavI, jJAnI, hirajana, saMta, mahApuruSa, sadguru, aNarliMgI, amana nara, brahmavettA, jIvanmukta jIvanRta, tattvadarzI evA zabdo yojyA che. 'aNuliMgI' (aliMgI, aliMga, naliMga) nI sthiti eTale je vaDe koI paNa prANI-padArthanI phuTa thAya athavA judA rUpamAM UgI nIkaLe athavA janme'33 evAM pharI pharI janmonI navI phUTa karAvanAra bhogaliMga (iSTarliMga), yogaliMga (prANaliMga) ane jJAnaliMga (bhAvaliMga) cothA mokSaliMgamAM zame evI nArAyaNanA sarvAvAsavALA cinmaya zarIrarUpe mahAmuktanI sthiti. 'amana na2'nI dazA manAtItane jANanAranI che. 'caudalokarUpe mana thayuM, akhA manAtIta jayamanuM tyama rahyuM' (326), tethI 'akhA pheravavuM che mana' (131). 'mana Ubhe, Ubho saMsAra' (411). manathI brahmavastu atidUra che, aMte temAM lIna thaI 'amana' thavAnuM che : ati ghaNo Agho parameza, mana taNo tyAM nohe praveza. amana na2 Aghero jAya. (334) vastu asta pAmyuM mana jadA. (520) mRtyu nAma parapoTo mare'-evA niraMtara ciraMtana jIvanane -parama jIvanane pAmyAno AnaMda akhA jeTalA ullAsathI ane te paNa saraLa soMsarI vANImAM ochAe gAyo haze : chIMDuM khoLatAM, lAdhI poLa, have akhA kara jhAkamajhoLa. (242) mAre moTo hunara jaDaco, je IzvararUpI jahAje caDhyo. paMca sahita Utariyo pAra, paga na boLuM jaLasaMsAra. huM hasato ramato hiramAM bhaLyo. (244)

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akho 415 zarIra chesto, paNa 'te rAmarasa bharavAnuM pAtra' (401) che. zarIradhArI paMcasahita) chatAM mukta, jIvanmukata, anubhavI, jJAnI, tenI sarakhAmaNI akho UMce UDace jatA paMkhI sAthe kare che. paMkhIno paDachAyo jALamAM sapaDAya paNa paMkhI ethI baMdhanamAM AvatuM nathI, ema jIvanmukta mAyAnA baMdhanathI nirALo varte che : vAta alaukika anubhava taNI, prapaMca pAre raheNI ApaNI, jyama paMkhI ochAyo paDiyo jALa, paNa pote UDe nilaga nirALa; akhA jJAnInI evI dazA, varyA jAya te uparachalA. (148) maulika darzana maulika upamA rUpe-ekAkAre ahIM pragaTa thAya che. A prakAranI kavitvasiddhi akhAne "chappA'mAM gujarAtI bhASAnA eka amara gAyaka tarIke rajU kare che. chappAnI kavitAnI UDIne AMkhe vaLage evI eka lAkSaNikatA te emAMnI aneka paMktio lokajIbhe caDhI jAya evI che -caDhI gaI che e hakIkata che. akhAnI keTalIka ghUMTelI kAvyoktio lokoktio banI gaI che, to keTalIka lokoktio kAvyaracanAmAM vaNAI eno bhAga banI che. paNa akhAthI doDheka saikA pahelAM thaI gayelA zirohInA mAMDaNa baMdhArAnI kahevatakoza jevI prabodhabatrIsI'no ene sArI rIte paricaya lAge che ane lokokitao UMcakavA aMge ja nahIM paNa chaMda ane kaDInI paMktisaMkhyA jevI vastuo aMge paNa mAMDaNanI e kRtinI akhAnA chappA' upara spaSTa chApa paDelI joI zakAya che.* avanI rahI ukhANA bharI, te kima sakAI pUrI karI? Ima karatAM je je sAMbharyA, te te graMthamAMhi vistarA' (142)- ema kahI mAMDaNa asaMkhya kahevatonI veraNacheraNa sAmagrIne batrIsa viSayamAM vaheMcI, sAMbhaLatAM karNarasa upajaI e rIte, pratyeka mathALA nIce vIsa kaDIo ApI, "prabodhabatrIsI'nI racanA kare che. vaLI prabodhabatrIsI' jovAthI e paNa dekhAze ke copAInI cha paMktino ghaTaka-chappo'e akhAnI sarajata nathI, mAMDaNanI batrIsa-batrIsa vIzI evA vasavasa chappAnI banelI che. kahevatonI aneka paMktio mAMDaNanI racanAmAMthI svIkArIne akhAe potAnA chappA'mAM vaNI dIdhI lAge che. chappo 656 (jenI pachI be paMkti AgaLa chappA'nI hastaprato aTakI jAya che, te be traNa zabdanA phera sAthe Akho ja mAMDaNano chappo 103 che. bIjAM paNa chUTaka sAmyo jovA maLaze :

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416 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 AgaI kavi gyA moTA kavi. (mAMDaNakRta prabodhabatrIsI' : 1) kavitA ghaNA kavi kavI gayA. (akhAkRta chappA:21) jANe tila kodravamAM bhalyA, jema talamAM kodarA bhaLyA tehanI ghayasi na ghANI hoI.(ba. 3) gheMsa na thAya, na thAya ghANI.(cha. 625) sasaro aMdha naI vahu saraghaTu. (pra.14) AMdhaLo sasaro ne saraMgaTa vahu. (7.6 37) tAharI mAyA tUha ja lahaI. (20) tenI vAta to teha ja lahe. (605) bAMdhI pahANa jANa kima taraI? (137) kaMThe pahANa zake kyama tarI? (12) kamari kaTArI DhIka upari kizI? (189) vaDhe DhIke ne kaTArI kace. (296) koI ne kaMI utAraI bhAra. (229) ene skaMdha laI utAruM sakhA. (244) khaTadarzana jUjUA dhaNI. (36 7), khaTadarzananA jujavA matA. (3) viNa ukhadha gaI virAdhi. (56 6) auSadhavaNI jAya tyAdhyA (5) havaI ma pUchIza e valavalI (570) akhA rakhe ko pUcho pharI. (80) guDi mari tu viSa kAM dI?i (16) goLe mare kAM zodhe vakha? (31) kIdhI vAta gaLI copaDI (396) gaLI copaDI saghaLI vAta. (580) kAdI pharaI hakama na pharaI. (540) phare kAjI paNa na phare kajA. (306) deharI dehasuM Atama laMga. (214) tana tIratha, tuM Atama deva (304) pUju giri girigaNa pASANa. (264) paththara eTalA pUje deva. (6 28). badhAM ja sAmyo utAravAM jarUrI nathI. ATalA namUnAothI e paNa pratIta thaze ke akhAe cheDelA viSayo mAMDaNamAM paNa che. tIrtha, kathAvArtA, bhUkha, UMcanIcabheda, guru, vaiSNava, mUrtipUjA-e badhA bAhyAcAranA viSayo paranI pracalita lokoktio mAMDaNe vIzIvAra goThavI che. e sArI evI TIkAtmaka paNa che. akhAnI TIkA taddana navI ja phUTI nIkaLatI vastu nathI. akhAnA chappA'nI pIThikAmAM mAMDaNanI prabodhabatrIsI'ne jotAM akhAnI maulikatAnI nidarzaka traNa vastuo-1. kahevata jevI uktio, 2. chacaraNI copAInA chappA" chaMdano upayoga ane 3. samAjanI ugra TIkA-aMge e mAMDaNano RNI jaNAya che. sAhityanA itihAsomAM kAlidAsa pUrve bhAsaazvaghoSa, zeksapiyara pUrve mArlo, tulasIdAsa pUrve jAyasI, premAnaMda pUrve nAkaraviSNudAsa evo krama sAmAnyataH maLI Avato hoya che. mAMDaNanI eka asara akhA upara paDI hoya to sAruM. apUrva sthApatyabuddhithI mAMDaNe kahevatonA astavyasta vanamAMthI jANe ke batrIsakhaMDIya eka manorama artha

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akho 417 susaMgatiyukta sAhityopavananuM nirmANa karyuM che. akhAne enI pAsethI keTaluM badhuM AyatuM maLe che, chatAM viSayanirUpaNanI dRSTie ekasUtra racanA ApavA upara enI najara ja nathI. mAMDaNane paDache enuM racanAzaithilya tarata ughADuM paDe che. aMgonI laMbAI viSaya balake kavinA mijAja upara avalaMbatI lAge che. be kaDInuM aMga paNa che ane 91nuM paNa che. aMgonAM nAma paNa aMdaranA nizcita viSayane sUcave che evuM haMmezAM nathI. ghaNIvAra pahelA zabda uparathI paNa nAma paDelAM che, ane pachI AgaLa saMgati na hoya evuM jovA maLe che. prapaMca aMgamAM che tevI AkhA aMgamAM saMgati hoya evuM haMmezAM banatuM nathI. aMgono krama paNa kavacit ja eka DALImAMthI bIjI phUTatI hoya e rItano jovA maLaze. Ama, chappA'nuM chelluM phuTakaLa aMga' ja nahIM, AkhI kRti phuTakaLa - prakIrNa racanA che. amadAvAda jenuM janmasthAna manAya che te dadu dayAla (1544-1603)nI sAkhIone emanA ziSya rajjabe aMgomAM vibhAjita karI tyArathI sAkhIone aMgomAM goThavavAnI prathA zarU thaI lekhAya che.5 kabIranI sAkhIo graMthasAhebamAM saloka athavA zloka tarIke oLakhAI che, bIjakamAM koI vibhAjana thayuM nathI paNa pAchaLathI guru ko aMga', 'nihakaramI pativratA ko aMga -evAM aMgomAM bhAga pADavAmAM AvyA che. e uparathI kabIranI sAkhIonuM aMgavibhAjana paNa rajjaba prathA zarU karyA pachI thayuM hovAnI saMbhAvanA lekhAya che. * akho lakhato thayo tyAM sudhImAM e prathA lokapriya thaI cUkI hovI joIe. akhAe pote "aMgo' pADyAM haze ke pAchaLathI koIe, e nakkI karavuM muzkela che. phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnI be hastaprato (ra67 ane 336) aMgonA vibhAgo ane nAmo judI rItanAM Ape che. kula 45 aMgonI katimAM be "doSa aMga che. keTalIka chApelI prato pramANe be 'vicAra aMga' ane be 'sUjha aMga' maLe che. A badhA uparathI eTaluM spaSTa thaze ke chappAmAM ekasUtra racanA ApavAno akhAno upakrama nathI. saM.1781nA cAracaraNI paMcIkaraNamAM niHzaMka chappA'nA paMcIkaraNaaMganI dhATInI akhAnI nAmamudrAvALI chacaraNI kaDIo maLe che. khAsa karIne "phuTakaLa aMganA kaTAkSanA uddagAro to tethI paNa pahelAMnA hoya, ane keTalAka chappA vaLI pariNataprajJAnA kAlanA, koIka to "akhegItA'-'anubhava biMdu pachInA paNa, hoI zake. Ama akhAne hAthe lAMbA samayapaTamAM kheDAyeluM A kAvyasvarUpa saMcayarUpe ja jovAnuM rahe che. chappA' e prakaraNaracanA banI zakI nathI, chatAM emAM ekAI hoya to te che kavinA vaiyaktika avAjane kAraNe.

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418 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 akhAe nibaMdhapaNe chappA' racyA e ja kadAca ThIka hatuM. to ja enA avAjanI vaiyaktikatA nirbheLa jaLavAI zakI. mAMDaNa taMtrabaddha na thAya to AkhI sAmagrI enI pakaDamAM AvavI muzkela hatI. akhAne evuM koI avakuMThana nathI. e muktapaNe cAlyo emAM enA avAjanI maulikatAne madada maLI che. mAMDaNanuM RNa hovA chatAM, balake e hovAne kAraNe, akhAnI maulikatA vaLI vadhu khIlI zakI che. lokavANInI pAchaLa mAMDaNanI vANI chupAI gaI che, jyAre akhAno maulika avAja chappAmAM satata chato thAya che. paraMparAnI madada svIkAravAmAM je "cavyuM na cAve akho' te anukaraNa karato bhale bhAse, vAstavamAM enI je pratijJA che ke bIjA pAsethI AyatuM meLaveluM pharI rajU karavuM nahIM, paNa potAnI rago upara anubhaveluM, potAnI pratItino viSaya baneluM, pote sAkSAtkAreluM ja zabdabaddha karavuM, te kharekhara kyAreya naMdavAtI nathI. sAmAjika ane dhArmika saMsthAonA daMbho para hallo karavAmAM akhAe dAkhavelI nirbhIkatA apUrva che eTaluM ja nahIM paNa AjanA yugamAM paNa e vAraMvAra TheraThera jovA maLatI nathI,-emAM ja akhAnI AgavI pratibhAno purAvo che. kahevato paNa mAMDaNanI jema, athavA kaDIne aMte kahevata gUMthatA zrIdhara, zAmaLa, dayArAmanI jema, kahevata khAtara nahIM, paNa kathayitavyanA eka anivArya bhAga tarIke ja akhAnI kRtimAM sthAna pAmI che. loko mATe lakhato hoI cAlatI kalame vANI evI saMkSiptatA, saraLatA ane sacoTatA dhAraNa kare che ke je zakti lokoktinI jananI che tenAM temAM darzana thAya che. sajIva kalpakatA, asAdhAraNa zabdaprabhutva ane vizeSa to nikhAlasa sahRdayatAe badhAnuM adbhuta rasAyaNa thatAM kathya vastu lokajIbhe vasavA yogya bane che. palake palake palaTe DhaMga', 'UMcamAM rAma bamaNo nathI bhaya, mRtyu nAma parapoTo mare , - AvA to akhAmAM koDIbaMdha nahIM paNa seMkaDo uddagAro maLaze. lokoktinI TaMkazALa akhAnA jevA gaMjAvara pAyA para bhAgye ja koI sarjaka kavie gujarAtamAM kholI hoya. - upamA, narmamarma kaTAkSa hAsya, bhASAnuM aMtargata baLa, layalahekAo, e badhAno phALo paNa chappA' ne gujarAtI bhASAnA eka praziSTa graMtha "kalAsika) nA pade sthApavAmAM nAnosUno nathI. 4. tattvajJa kavi 1. "jJAnIne kavitA na gaNeza38 akho kaviaMgamAM chappA (22) mAM kahe che ke jJAnIne kavayitA (kavana karanAro, kavi)

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akho 419 na gaNavo. e uparathI ApaNA samartha kavivivecaka narasiMharAve kahyuM : Well we take him at his word 39 -bhale eno bola ApaNe svIkArI laIe chIe. mAno ke koI kavi pote moTo kavi hovAnuM kahe to? ema eno bola svIkArI levAya nahIM. kavinI kephiyata upara mulavaNIno prazna choDI daI vivecaka potAnI pharajamAMthI mukta thaI zakato nathI. akhAno "kaviaMgamAM viSaya e che ke agAu ghaNA kavi thaI gayA che, atyAre che ne bhAvimAM ghaNA thaze, paNa "manAtIta tyamanuM tyama' manAtIta che te to zabdAtIta rahI jatuM lAge che, "acaluM sarakhuM dIze Apa'-AtmA to acarvita jevo rahI jAya che. akho taddana 'acarvita' nathI kaheto, "acavyA-sarakhokahe che. enI to pratijJA che ke "cavyuM na Ave akho ajANa' - pote carvitacarvaNa karavA cAhato nathI, bIjA kaviothI je acarvita rahyuM che tenI sAthekharekhara to je acarvita tattva che tenI sAthe zabda dvArA kAma pADavA potAno niradhAra che. akhAnI muzkelI samajI zakAya evI che, e pote to samaje ja che. eka bAju e pote sArI peThe jANe che tema zabda dvArA e tattva acarvita jevuM rahI jAya che ane pote pratijJA laI beTho che ke zabda yojuM to te acarvitane mATe ja. ravIndranAtha je pote paNa moTA sAdhaka hatA te AyuSyanA sitteramA varase potAno paricaya ApatAM kahe che : "Ami kavimAtra... Ami tattvajJAnI... naI... Ami niraMjanera dUta naI... Ami vicitrera dUta. vicitrera lIlAke attare grahaNa kare tAke bAIre.. lIlAyita karA- eI AmAra kAja. huM mAtra kavi chuM. huM tattvajJAnI nathI. huM niraMjanano dUta nathI. huM suMdarano dUta chuM ...suMdaranI lIlAne hRdayamAM grahaNa karIne ene bahAra lIlAyita karavI - e che mAruM kAma. Ama, jJAnI ane kalAkAra kavinAM mukhya valaNomAM phera che. akho sUcavavA mAge che te e che ke potAne mukhyatve 'niraMjanamAM rasa che. "akhegItAne aMte kahe che, "nAtha niraMjana graMthakaratA'. e ghaTaghaTa bolaNahAra, teNe Ape ApanuM varNana kIdhuM' che, eTale ke pratyeka jIvAtmA bhASAno upayoga kare che temAM pAchaLa je zvAsa pUranAro ne tethI bolanAro che te pote potAne kyAreka zabda dvArA vyakta karI rahe che. advaitAnubhava-abhedAnubhava e akhAnI kavitAno ekamAtra viSaya che emAM zaMkA nathI. suMdarano dUta e to saheje kavi tarIkenI vikhyAti pAme, niraMjanano dUta jJAnI e kavithI jUdero che ema ravIndranAtha kahe che ane akhAe paNa e ja vAta "jJAnIne kavitA na gaNeza"mAM sUcavelI che. kabIre paNa kahyuM che: 'tuma jini jAto gIta, hai yaha nija brahmavicAra, kevala kahi samajhAIyA Atama sAdhana sAra re.'

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420 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ApaNe mATe savAla e che ke sacarAcara jagatanI vividhatAmAM eka ja tattva sabhara bhareluM che ane e tattva zabdAtIta rahI jAya evuM che ema anubhavato akho potAnI anubhUti gAI bese che tyAre e abhivyakti kavitA bane che ke kema? bIjI koI anubhUtinI jema A anubhUti paNa kAvyaviSaya banavAnI adhikAriNI che. suMdaranI lIlAne zabdAkAro dvArA lIlAyita karanAra kavinI jema niraMjanano dUta sAdhanAnI bhinnatAne kAraNe kavithI judo che, paNa je kSaNe e zabda dvArA niraMjanano aNasAro ApavA prayatna kare tyAre tenI zabdazakti, enA zabdakAro, ene kavi Therave e koTinAM hoya paNa kharAM. kharuM jotAM niraMjananuM krUtatva karavAnuM paNa hoya ke kema e prazna che. 'akhegItA'nA chevaTanA kaDavAnI chevaTanI kaDImAM akho khasI jAya che, -'kahe akho' have rahetuM nathI, have chAtI ThokIne e kahe che ke kahe niraMjana akhegItA,'mAtra'akhAne zira nimitta devuM icchA hatI anaMtane.' A jJAnIne potAne mATe svabhAvokti che, ApaNe mATe vakrokti bane che. paramAtmA to 'bAvana bAhero', 'trepanamo' hoI akho mUMjhavaNa anubhave che: je boluM te thAya saMsAra.' 'akhe 2Ama evo oLakhyo, je kAgaLamaze na jAye lakhyo,' ane tema chatAM keTalAM badhAM kAgaLazAhI eNe vAparyAM che! kAoNIla viSe kahe che ke maunano mahimA darzAvavA eNe cALIsa jeTalA graMtho racyA. 52mAtmA e vANIno viSaya nathI. e vAta akhAe potAnA ATheka jeTalA mukhya graMthomAM ane pado-sAkhIomAM zabdabaddha karI che. paramAtmA vANIviSaya nathI e aMgenAM akhAnAM udbodhano, zabda yojavA jatAM mULa vastu cUkI na javAya e aMge enI mUMjhavaNa, enAM anekavidha naitivacano, badhI ALapaMpALa choDI brahmavastune ja pakaDavA mathavA aMgenI enI jikara, bAdhArUpa ALapaMpALone khullI pADavAmAM enI niralasa utkaTatA ane phAvaTa ane anubhavanA AnaMdano spaMda, A badhuM ojasvatI oghavatI vANI ane aucityabharI layasUjha rUpe, asaMkhya upamAo-rUpako, dRSTAMto, ramaNIya citrAMkanokalpano rUpe, vedhaka svabhAvokti-vakrokita, narmamarmokti, hAsyakaTAkSarUpe, balavaMtarAya jene nyArA peMDA' kahe che e jAtanA upaniSadanI yAda Ape evA pragalbhaprAMjala udgAro rUpe, TUMkAmAM zabdazakti ane zabdAkAronA vaibhavarUpe pratIta thAya che ane ene jJAnIkavi, tattvajJakavi tarIke sthApe che. 2. ojasvatI oghavatI bhASA, layasUjha lahiyAone hAthe ane pachI chApanArAone hAthe thayelA pAThabhedo, pAchaLathI game

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akho 421 tema vedAntAbhAsI artha ghaTAvIne svIkArAye gayA, ethI akhAe bhASA upara dhyAna nathI ApyuM, enI bhASA kUTa che, evI chApa chappA' mATe paNa paDavA pAmI che. jyama vAyu hIMDa vinA parAga (6 15)no sugaMdha vagara vAyu jema cAle che, evo goTALiyo artha karIne calAvI levAyuM, vAyu che eTale parAga sAthe ja eno saMbaMdha hoyane ema mAnI levAyuM. paNa zuddha pATha che "vinA para-pAga'. vAyu jema pIMchAM pAMkho ke paga vagara cAle che -e akhAne uddiSTa che. phArasI zabda para anuprAsabaLe Avatokane goThavAI gayo che. (AnI madhyakALamAM navAI nathI. premAnaMda to dazamaskaMdhamAM gope para mastaka para kIdhAM' e varNanamAM pIMchAM mATe para' yojIne e zabda para ramata kare che.) bIjI eka paMkti "mAyAnA guNa jyAM nava chabe, tene akhA te koNa AlaMbe?(57) - no zuddha pATha teha akhAne AvyuM labe' che. phArasI zabdalaba hoTha)nA aparicayane kAraNe paMkti badalAI gaI. saMskRtamAM kavayitA' (vayitR uparathI, atyAre ApaNe kavayitrI' zabda vAparIe chIe). eTale kavana karanAra, kavi. tenuM gujarAtImAM taddabhava rUpa "kabitA" "kavitA"- thayuM. e zabda anya kaviomAM tema ja akhAmAM (juo 22 uparAMta 166, 26 6). yojAyo che. mArugurjara bhASAnI chAyA nIcenA mULa pATha "jJAnIni kavitA na gaNeza" (22)mAM ni' pratyaya te atyArano bane che e paNa na samajAtAM pheraphAra thayoH jJAnInI kavitA na gaNIza." pachInI pratomAM "jJAnIne maLatAM "kavitA" zabda na samajAtAM pheraphAra thayo : "jJAnIne kavimAM na gaNIza'. taddana sAdA zabdo hoya tyAM paNa akhAnA Azaya aMge vedAntAbhAsI artha karI saMtoSa levAne badale enuM citrAMkana samajIne e nakkI karavo e jarUrI che. "jyama sakala tejanuM Ale bhAna" (380)mAM "bhAna karAve' evo artha tarata sUjhe, paNa pachI AvatA "ravi ratha beTho je nara phare e citra para najara pheravatAM badhA tejanuM "Alaya' bhAna (bhANa-bhAnu) che e artha spaSTa thaI jAya evo che. akho vaktavyanI cokasAI mATe jhINI najarathI mathanAro kavi che. jema tema e zabda yojato nathI. 'bhASAne zuM vaLage, bhUrA (varNasagAI ene yogya saMbodhana bhUra' sujhADe che ane paMktine ciraMjIvI banAvavAmAM upakAraka nIvaDe che) - e vacana bhASA game tema vAparavAno paravAno ApavAnA arthamAM nahIM, paNa pachInI paMktio (saMskRtamAM ja AtmajJAna hoya ema zA sAru vicAre che, gujarAtI Adi janasAmAnyanI bhASAomAM to e na ja hoya ema zA mATe mAnI beTho che? - e) jotAM koI bhASAne UMcInIcI na gaNavAnA arthamAM che. arthagoTALo akhAne pAlave nahIM. akhAno zabda eTale bharI baMdUka, ghA thavo ja joIe, khAlI bAra

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422 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ene na posAya. yogya zabda enI pAse Avatoka khaDo thAya che. bhASA akhAnI AgaLa nAce che. boDe toDe joDe vALa' emAM zabdo kevA kahyAgarA thaIne akhAne vaza varte che ane saMnyAsI, jaina sAdhu ane nAthapaMthI e traNeyanuM surekha citra AMkI de che! cAmakheDAnA pUtaLIkhela mATe dIvAtimirataNuM dekhaNuM' varNana hRdayaMgama che. racanAnA oghamAM e khaTapaTane khaTapaTavA de' jevAmAM navuM nAma-kriyApada banAvI kAma kADhI leto jaNAya che. akhAnAM kriyApado ekalAM ja koI jhINavaTathI jue to enI vAkzaktino sarasa paricaya maLe. (akhegItA'-9mAM mIna viryuM nIrathI' aneka kriyApado vaDe varNavyuM che temAM teno eka suMdara namUno che.) gujarAtI bhASAnuM aMtargata baLa samajavA mATe akhAnI kAvyakRtiono abhyAsa anivArya che. e baLa akhAe racelo citrasaMdarbha-Akho kAvyasaMdarbha pUrepUro pAmavAthI saheje samajAya evuM che. akhAnI bhASAnA mukhya guNo tarI Ave che te che ojasa ane ogha. AtmapuruSArtha mATe Akho vAsaMdarbha yojAyo hoI emAM eka sAttvika utsAha, taravarATa, sphUrti, Urmino dhabakAro varatAya che. ane enuM bhASAbhaMDoLa samRddha hoI, ene kalpanAcitro aparaMpAra sUjhatAM hoI, bhASAno ogha-pravAhavega varatAya che. 'akhegItA'mAM kavionI kRtaka namratAnuM, bhaktanuM, taraphaDatA matsyanuM ke kAcanA maMdiranuM varNana, 'anubhavabiMdu'mAM jIvanadI aMgenuM ke zaradaRtunuM varNana ane 'chappA'nI 'ahaMbrahmaropI rahe thaMbha', 'rivaratha beTho je na phare', chIMDuM khoLatAM lAdhI poLa', gopI bhUlI ghara ne bAra, gopI bhUlI kuTuMbaparavAra, potAnI jAta paNa bhUlI gaI'Adi e guNonI sAkSI pUre che. akhAnI vANImAM bolacAlanI chaTA che. e chaTA eNe chaMdolayamAM sAdhelA vaividhyamAM purabahAramAM pragaTa thAya che. paMktionA AraMbha, madhya ke aMtamAM chaMdamApa uparAMtanA bolacAlanI chaTA umeratA keTalAka zabdo hoya che. (bhAI) ehavuM mana haridAsa', '(tene) skaMdha vahI utAruM (jyama) sakhA', '(jJAna) pIdhuM sAdhake (je) dIdhuM sidhe', '(tyama) prAkRta vinA saMskRta (te) vyartha-vageremAMnA zabdo evA che. 'tuM kalpadruma, kAM kalpI mare" 'zabarI saMskRta zuM bhaNI hatI, bhAI, kyA veda vAMcyA karamAbAI?" -jevI paMktiomAM enI sAme beThelI koI vyakti hUbahU thAya che. huM to chuM toro AbhAsa' akhAne haTAvI jANe ke prabhune AgaLa kare che. to' pachI Avato 'toro' prayoga rucikara che. kRtaka namratA dAkhavatA kavionuM varNana karatAM tevA kavionA mukhamAM amo magaNajagaNa nathI jANatA, tukacoja ne jhaDajhamaka amo lahyA vinA nathI ANatA'

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akho 423 e zabdo eNe mUkyA che. potAnuM varNana to bhagavAnathI calAvAtI pUtaLI, enI phaMkathI vAgatuM vAjiMtra-e rIte karyuM che. kAvya e preraNAnA pariNAme vinAkartutve ("pesIva'-paNe) thaI AvatI kRti na hoI akhAnuM A vAkya paNa ApaNe svIkArI laIzuM nahIM. eTaluM ja ke e pote potAnA kavana aMge mAna levA taiyAra nathI (athavA brAuniMge ekavAra kahyuM hatuM tema bhagavAna ane pote banne sahasarjako hatA, akhA jevA advaitI mATe to potAmAM rahelA bhagavAna racayitA hatA). pote pelAo peThe galitapaNe garuo thato nathI, paNa ene magajagaNa (chaMdamA5) ane tuka, jhaDajhamaka AdinI sArI hathoTI che. akho banatAM sudhI prAsa meLave ja che. eka ThekANe "saheja sAthe eNe "rahe ja prAsa chappA (287)mAM meLavyo che. kokavAra aparicita zabda goThavAI jAya che, jemake paMthasAthe jaMtha'. 'abhuta-bhUpa' jevA UNapavALA prAsa koIkavAra hoya che. prAsamAM zabda keTalIka vAra maraDAya paNa che. paNa ekaMdara prAsa-sAmarthya dhyAna kheMce evuM che. paMktimAM vacce prAsa meLavavAno prayatna "mukti baMdha, pUche atimaMda' vaktavyane tarata uThAva Ape che. bIjA guru te lAgyAM varu mAM tadbhava 'guru-e "varu AMtara prAsane kheMcI Apyo lAge che. "anubhavabiMdunI paMktimadhyanI prAsasAMkaLI saMvedanano eka viziSTa AMdola race che. e nAnakaDI kRtimAM akhAnI layasUjha keTalIka kaDIonA oghamAM ane aMte anubhava" zabdanA punarAvartanathI thatA saMmohanamAM paNa pragaTa thAya che. eka anubhavadakSa mANasa mAnavabaMdhuone be vAta premapUrvaka kahI rahyo na hoya evo raNako vAraMvAra akhAnI chaMdovANImAMthI UThe che. eno hAtha chaMdolaya sAthe kevo UchaLyo athavA AMkhamAM kevI camaka taravarI gaI e jANe ApaNe joI zakatA na hoIe tevuM kyAreka lAge che. 3. akho upamAkavi 43 upamA rUpaka dRSTAntanI akhAmAM kaho ke AtazabAjI che. ekathI adhika bIjI ema anokhI upamAo e yojye jAya che. eka ja upamA ajavALI de evI hoya tyAM e bIjI, trIjI, ApatAM saMkocAto nathI. kathA sAMbhaLavA nIkaLyAM che e kevAM lAge che? 'AMdhaLo sasaro ne saraMgaTa vahu jevAM. kathA-gaTagaTa pIdhI. pariNAma? "AMkhanuM kAjaLa gAle ghasyuM. ghera pAchAM vaLyAM. kAMI pAmyAM kharAM ke? are, "UMDo kUvo ne phATI boka," -evo khela thayo! muktaka keTaluM samRddha hoI zake eno A chappo eka suMdara namUno che. 'akhegItA'nI, kAcanA maMdiranI upamA je "anubhavabiMdumAM paNa yojAI che,

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424 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa-1 uparathI narasiMharAve zelInI Life like a dome of many-coloured glass, Stains the white radiance of Eternity." anekaraMgI kAcanA guMbajanI jema jindagI zAzvatInA prakAzanI zubhratAne chAMdI nAkhe che' - e upamA yAda karI hatI. akhAnAM upamA-daSTAMta vaktavyane taMtotaMta vyakta kare che : unmatta manane yoga sAdhavo, je karmaogha kare nahi navo; jyama chUTI dhanuM mAratI phare, tene aMdhAre bAMdhye Teva nIsare, akhA te jANI karyo upAya, tyAM siddhirUpI lAgI bagAI. (chappA 141) unmatta manane harAI gAya sAthe sarakhAvyuM. ene gharamAM koDhamAM bAMdhI e dvArA yogasAdhanAno nirdeza karyo. ene mAratI pharatI rokI e phAyado thayo, paNa navI Aphata UbhI thaI. bagAIo caTakA bharavA lAgI. yoganA sAdhakane, potAne siddhio maLI che, e vastu vaLagI. Ama, sAdAM upamArUpaka dvArA kavi lIlayA surekha citrAMkana karI zake che. akhAnI eka khAsiyata e che ke e jevuM, jemane badale "eka A ane bIjuM te ema kahI athavA ane' ke ne' thI kAma kADhI le che. eka aphINa, bIjo saMsArIrasa, adhika kare tyama Ape kasa. (chappA 116) aNasamajyo jIva, bIjuM jhAMkharuM, jyAM dekhe tyAM vaLage kharuM. (197) kabuddhi jIva ane kapAsa, te pallAvo'NA nAve rAsa. (213) ajJAnI ne UMTabacakuM jhAlyu mUke nahi mukha thayuM. (296). koI vAra vaLI samAsa dvArA dRSTAMtanuM sUcana karI de che : "vyAsa-vezyAnI eka ja pera, vidyA-beTI ucherI ghera' (638). daSTAnto keTalIkavAra praznarUpe mUkyAM che : "kahyuM kApaDa sodo thAya?' pratibiMba kema biMbane lahe?" "pUtaLIne kema jue cakSa?" "sAgara AgaLa zuM kUde kUpa?" akho bahu ja saraLatAthI sAmAnA manamAM ThasI jAya e rIte dAkhalo goThavI deto hoya cheH "akhA mAyA kare phajeta, khAtAM khAMDa ne cAvatAM reta', jema lUNa AvI AMdhaNamAM UkaLe, to arNava tethI zene baLe?" citra upajAvavAnI akhAnI zaktino uttama paricaya kadAca chappA-(148)mAM prapaMcapAra jenI raheNI che evA anubhavI jJAnInI alaukika kalAno khyAla ApavA

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akho 425 yojelA jyama paMkhI ochAyo paDiyo jALa, paNa pote UDe nilaga nirALa' nA jevAM dRSTAMtomAM maLe che. narasiMharAva akhAmAM kavacit zabda-bhAMgaphoDa hoya che tene lakSya karI hAthamAM hathoDAvALA sarjakane tAdaza karavA prerAyA, paNa e vakhate anekavidha upamA-rUpakadRSTAMta Adi alaMkAro-ane keTalAka to haMmeza manamAM ramI rahe evA-vaDe gujarAtI girAno zaNagAra nirbhI janAra suvarNakAra emanI dRSTi bahAra rahI gayo lAge che. 4. hasato kavi " akho ApaNo hasato kavi che. akhAnuM khaDakhaDATa hAsya e gujarAtI sAhityanuM mahAmUluM dhana che. saraLa sacoTa vANImAM hAsyajanaka citro dorIne eNe jevo hAsyarasa jamAvyo che tevo gujarAtI sAhityamAM bahu ochA lekhakoe siddha karyo che. koI vAra akho aTTahAsa kare che, to koIvAra TADho Tamako mUkIne khasI jAya che. hamaNAM ene dAMta kacakacAvIne bolato ApaNe sAMbhaLIe chIe, to ghaDIka vAra pachI mUchamAM AchuM AchuM hasato ThekaDI karato ene joIe chIe. eka vakhate hAthamAM caNAnA khAramAM pAyelo karaDo koraDo laIne UbhelI enI rudramUrti najare paDe che, bIjI vakhate jIvananI be paraspara kazA saMbaMdha vagaranI cIjone joDAjoDa mUkIne aNadhArI rIte ApaNane hasavAnI pharaja pADatA TIkhaLI jevo e lAge che. jAdugaranI peThe AsAnIthI game tyAMthI e hAsya bahAra lAve che. kaDhaMgApaNA (the ludirous) no eno khyAla "sAgara AgaLa zuM kUde kUpa' jevAM dRSTAMto dvArA pragaTa thAya che. akhAnA pUrvajIvananI racanAo ekalI dhArmika ja nahIM paNa samagra sAmAjika saMsthAonA daMbho sAme prahArAtmaka TIkArUpe yojAI lAge che. eTale evI kRtiomAM upahAsa ane kaTAkSa rUpe ja hAsya ApaNane maLe che. AtmAnubhavanI sabharatA anubhavyA pachI enA hAsyanuM rUpa paNa kudaratI rIte badalAI jAya che. akho lokapriya che te prathama prakAranA hAsyane lIdhe, paNa enI moTAI to bIjA prakArane lIdhe che ema kahevuM joIe. prathama prakAra kaTAkSano, marmaprahArano, aTTahAsyapUrvakanA upahAsano che. enA'tilaka karatAM trepana thayAM', "eka mUrakhane evI Teva' Adi namUnA kayA gujarAtI bALakane kaMThe nathI? eka hastapratamAM jovA maLelI (upara ADo lITo karIne chekelI) kaDInI paMktio "karavo bheravajApa tAhAre na kariye ghasatI ane kahe akho e be na

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426 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 bane - seMtho ke tAla' naktinA suMdara namUnA che. sAMbhaLavA maLelI eka kaDImAM khAra pAyelo cAbakho che : sajIvAe najIvAne ghaDyo ne sajIvo kahe che ke mane kAMka de! A akho bhagata ema pUche che ke tArI te eka phUTI che ke be? chappAnAM phuTakaLa aMga AdimAM kathAkIrtana tIrthATana pagalAM pUjana saMnyAsagrahaNa zAstrapAMDitya guruprApti ane sAMpradAyika saMkucitatAo para tIkhA kaTAkSo maLaze. paralokAbhimukhatA to dUra rahI, A lokone sarakho karavA mATenI enI sUkSma avalokanazakti ane jadojehAdanAM aneka dRSTAMto sAMpaDe che temAMnuM eka viziSTa akhAchApa daSTAMta joIe vAM joIe tyAM kUDekUDa, sAmAsAmI beThI gheDa, ko AvI vAta sUryanI kare, te AgaLa laI cAMca ja dhareH amAre hajAra varSa aMdhAre gayAM, tame AvA DAhyA bALaka kyAMthI thayA? (654) akhAnA kaTAkSane balavaMtarAya ThAkora "trIjA netranI prasAdI' tarIke oLakhAve che. "narasiMha ane mIrAMnAM koI koI UrmikAvyo vize ApaNe gujarAtIo eka avAje svIkArIzuM ke e ispAyarDa, trIjA netranI prasAdI' che. akhAnI TIkAnI dhagadhagatI zikhAo vize paNa ApaNe keTaleka ThekANe saMmata thaIzuM ke e agni alaukika. (Avo propheTika seTAyara' bAIbalamAM che, kurAnamAM che, bhAgavatamAM paNa AraMbhe kaliyuganAM lakSaNonA varNanamAM che.)*dhAmadhUma te dhanano dhA', 'UMcamAM rAma bamaNo nathI bharyo," "zabarI saMskRta zuM bhaNI hatI, bhAI?" "kAMI bhaNyagaNya mANo Apharo" -jevI paMktiomAM keTaleka ThekANe' jarUra akhAno kaTAkSa propheTika seTAyara'-'payagaMbarI kaTAkSa -nI koTino che. koIvAra e payagaMbarI puNyaprakopa maTI jaI anabhijAta zApoktinuM ke gALAgALInuM paNa rUpa dhAraNa kare che : "khAI pIne thayA khUMTaDA', "kAla vAgaze DhIlA Dhola', jenA ziSya gardabha ne guru kuMbhAra', koI vAra bIjAnI badanasIbIbharI sthiti, (DiskomphIcara) para paNa evuM khaDakhaDATa hAsya pragaTatuM hoya che : 'akhA, bALakanI pere thayuM, borAM sATe ghareNuM gayuM. mANasa jenI upara hasyA ja kare evuM citra to pragaTe che jyAre akho koIne kahe che : alyA, "tAre gophaNa sahita goLo gayo" koIvAra zabdanA cALA pADIne asara upajAve che : 'unmatta manane yoga sAdhavo, karmaogha kare nahi navo' mAM yoga' pAchaLa "gha' zabda kevo saheje taNAto

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akho 427 Ave che ane chaMdolayamAM upahAsano dhIro ghora Ubho kare che. akhAno payagaMbarI sivAyano kaTAkSa abhijAta nathI paNa raheto, chatAM enI dvArA paNa jarUra,kavi yeTsa mahAna kaTAkSakAra sviphTanI bAbatamAM kahe che tema, "mAnavanI svataMtratAnI e sevA karI gayo che." breDalI kahe che ke puNyaprakopa, nirAzA ane manoruNatA dvArA mahattA siddha karanArA bAyarana ke zopanahAvara mAnavIya zakyatAone mAtra nakArAtmaka rIte vyakta kare che, jyAre zelIno payagaMbarI samullAsa temane vidheyAtmaka rIte vyakta kare che. akhAmAM hAsyano eka prakAra che je vAtsalyathI dhabake che : "hAthathI nAkhIne dUra levA gayo, jANe zuM vastu nava hoya AghI." payagaMbarI samullAsanA, eno zabda vAparIe to "brahmakhumArI'nA dAkhalA paNa akhAmAM ghaNA maLaze, "chIDuM khoLatAM lAdhI poLa,'"IzvararUpI jahAje caDhayo; paMcasahita Utariyo pAra, paga na boLuM jaLasaMsAra,' 'te nohe khUNekhAMcare A pratyakSa mukhemukha vAto kare." "pAMca indriyane vaza karI, pachI chogAM melIne pharIe re', 'jJAnaghaTA caDha AI, he ciddaarNava agAdha! huM cIDI caMca bharI ke kahyuM, "akhA, brahmacaitanya ghanameM bhaI acAnaka dAminI' (brahmalIlA), cita camakyuM, tuM te TaLyuM' (akhegItA). 5. akSayarasa akhAnA hAsyavArA kharA, AtmAnI sabhara bharI muditAno udraka te to enA zAMtamAM anubhavAya che. padomAM chappAmAM, "anubhavabiMdumAM ane 'akhegItA'nA bhaktanA varNana jevA dAkhalAomAM e zAMta acUka varatAya evo che. zAnta te nizALamAMthI nIsarI" jevAM sastAM bodhavacanono nahIM paNa badhA raso jenA vivartI che evo sthAyI rasa. narmada bhale kahe ke "enI kavitAmAM hAsya sivAya bIjo rasa ja nathI", akhAne mukhyatve hAsya abhipreta nathI, akhAnI manaHsRSTimAM zAMtanA eka vivartarUpe ja hAsyanuM paNa sthAna che. kavi, tattvajJa kavi to savizeSa, anya rasono AsvAda karAvatI vakhate paNa A zAMtano anubhava karavAnI ApaNI zaktine ja saMskAra Apato hoya che. rasanuM svarUpa ja evuM che ke jyAM bhAvakanI svIkAraparihAra-upekSAbuddhinuM zamana thayuM che evA zAntanI chAyA heThaLa ja eno udaya thAya che. kadAca tethI "sarvarasana zAntaprAya avAsvA:'- badhA rasono AsvAda zAnta jevo ja thAya che - ema AcArya abhinavaguptapAda kahe che. e zAMta eTale sau laukika ke alaukika cittavRttionuM unmelana nahIM, UlaTuM e sthAyI zAntanA vyabhicArI bhAvarUpe te vRttionI lIlA pragaTa rahe che ema e noMdhe che:

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428 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 tattvajJAnalakSaNasya sthAyinaH samasto'yaM lokikAlaukika cittavRttikalApo vyafkhavAritAtiA ane tethI zvAse zvAse brahmarasa jhaMkhanAra jJAnIkavi akhAmAM ApaNe joIe chIe ke jagatane anekAneka biMdue e sparze che (cAmakheDAnA khela, naukAnA mUSaka, analapaMkhI, dumAsa-damAskasa-nuM kApaDa). kaho ke saMsAravRkSane pAMdaDe pAMdaDe eno jIva pharI vaLe che, ane e badhethI e je kAMI laI Ave che, te akSayarasamAM parivartita thaIne enI tattvajJakavitAne AsvAdya banAve che. akhAmAM pragaTa thatuM gujarAtI bhASAnuM baLa ane adhyAtmaviSayane mUrtatA Apato kalpana-upamA-rUpaka Adino vaibhava ene gujarAtI bhASAnA eka pramukha kavi tarIke sthApe che. enI kRtiomAMthI 'anubhavabiMdu, akhegItAnA keTalAka bhAga ane thoDAMka pada lAMbA samaya sudhI AkarSaNano viSaya raheze. akhAnA chappA' vize bedhaDaka kahI zakAya ke e gujarAtI bhASAnA sAhityamAM ciraMjIva rahevA sarjAyA che. saMdarbhanoMdha : 1. jozI, umAzaMkara. samasaMvedana' 1965 ('garavo jJAnano vaDalo'), pR. 52-57 ane "akho eka adhyayana', 1973 2. jozI, umAzaMkara, 'akho-eka adhyayana' 1973, pR. 332 ane "samasaMvedana' 1965 ('garavo jJAnano vaDalo'), pR. 65-6 8. 3. munazI, kanaiyAlAla, gujarAta enDa iTsa liTarecara' 1934, pR. 245. 4. jozI, umAzaMkara, 'akho-eka adhyayana' 1973, pR. 12. janazruti mATe juo 'jUnuM narmagadya' (kavijIvana) pR. 457-460, bRhat kAvyadohana' bhAga3nI prastAvanA, sastu, sAhitya vardhaka kAryAlaya prakAzita "akhAnI vANImAM svAmI svayaMjyotinI prastAvanA. janazrutimAMthI sAMpaDelI vigatonI tapAsa mATe juo "akhoeka adhyayana' 1973nuM prathama prakaraNa "jIvanacarcA.' mahetA, narmadAzaMkara de, "akhAkRta kAvyo'-1, pR.3. jAnI, aMbAlAla bu, 'trIjI sAhitya pariSada (saM.1965)no ahevAlamAM "akhA bhakta ane temanI kavitA.' pR.pa. 8. mahetA, narmadAzaMkara de, 'akhAkRta kAvyo'-1, pR. 4 9, jozI, umAzaMkara, 'akho-eka adhyayana', 1973, pR. 24-43. 10. jozI, umAzaMkara, "akho eka adhyayana', 1973, pR. 49-68 ane saMskRti' sapTembara 196pamAM brahmAnaMda-nI nahIM, paNa brahma-naMdanI' e lekha pR. 346-348.

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akho 429 11. mahetA, narmadAzaMkara de, 'akhAkRta kAvyo'-1, pR. 46. 12. jozI, umAzaMkara, "akho-eka adhyayana', 1973, pR. 65. 13. e ja, pR. 61-6 2. 14. e ja, pR. 63. 15. akhAnI kRtio mATe juo "bRhat kAvyadohana' nA bhAgo; "akhAnI vANI', pra. satuM sAhityavardhaka kAryAlaya, amadAvAda; 'akhAkRta kAvyo-1' saM. narmadAzaMkara devazaMkara mahetA, pra.gujarAta vidyAsabhA; "aprasiddha akSayavANI saMgrahakAra bhagavAnajI mahArAja, kahAnavA, saMzodhaka tathA TIkAkAra "sAgara'-jagannAtha dAmodaradAsa tripAThI. pra. gujarAta vidyAsabhA. 1932; "zrI akhAjInI sAkhIo', saMgrAhaka ane prakAzaka bhagavAnajI mahArAja, kahAnavA, saMzodhaka, thakAkAratathI prakAzaka kezavalAla aMbAlAla ThAkara, bharUca, 1952. 'akhegItA'nI, hastaprato uparathI zAstrIya rIte saMzodhita karelI, vivaraNa ane mahattvanA zabdonA koza sAthenI vAcanA gujarAta yunivarsiTIe 196 7mAM pragaTa karI che. saM. umAzaMkara jozI, ramaNalAla jozI. "akhAkRta kAvyo-1' mAMnA na. ke. mahetAnA pAThamAM ane bhUpendra trivedI saMpAdita pAThamAM hastapratonI madada levAI che. "anubhavabiMdunI vAcanA hastapratonA AdhAre kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruve taiyAra karI che. paNa teo hastapratono AdhAra choDI prAsasAMkaLI sAcavavA ane anya kAraNe kalpita pATha mUkatAM khacakAyA nathI. evA pATha ApavAnI emanI pAtratA atyaMta ucca koTinI hovA chatAM bIjI ja kaDImAM hastapratanA "guNanuM Ale' ne badale "guNane Ale' evo pATha e kahyuM che tyAM 'A' ne e kriyApada tarIke jovAne mArge vaLI gayA lAge che. hakIkatamAM e che nAma'guNano Alaya.' bhUpendra trivedI emanI 'akhegItA'nI AvRttinI jema AnI AvRttimAM paNa kevaLa hastaprato laI zAstrIya rIte pAThAntaro noMdhatA nathI. paNa emanA pAThamAM hastapratonI sAmagrI vadhu hoI e jovI ghaTe. harivallabha bhAyANIe "graMtha'- me 1965)mAM avalokanamAM kahyuM che tema 'anubhavabiMduno pramANabhUta pATha nirmIta karavA mATe pharI koIe vyavasthita prayatna karavAno raheze. chappAnI jUnA samayanI chapAyelI pratonA ullekha mATe juo "akho-eka adhyayana' 1973. ATha hastaprato uparathI zAstrIya saMzodhanapUrvakanI vAcanA meM 19535aaN ApI hatI tenI sudhArelI AvRtti 196 mAM pragaTa thaI che. temAM aMte zabdasUci ApavA uparAMta chappAmAM AvatA viSayonI ThIkaThIka vigatavAra viSayasUci AraMbhamAM ApI che. aMgomAM sAmAnya rIte viSayanuM daDha baMdhana na hoI kaI paMkti kayAM haze e zodhavuM mArA jevA jeNe akSaraza: seMkaDovAra chappA uthalAvyA che tene mATe paNa haMmezAM saheluM nathI. kyAreka paMkitasUci sAthenI eka evI AvRtti ApavAno khyAla che, jemAM cAlu AvRttimAM dareka chappAnI ati TUMkI zabdArthaTIkA ApI che tene badale, dareka chappAno akhAnA kula vicAraThAThanA saMdarbhamAM saraLa gadyArtha paNa ApavAmAM Avyo hoya. bIjI kRtionI paNa hastapratonI madadathI zAstrIya saMzodhanapUrvaka vAcanAo vahelAmAM vahelI take pragaTa thavI joIe. sAkhIduhAnI evI vAcanA taiyAra thAya to teno vicArasaMdarbha

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430 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 keTaleka ThekANe chakhAnA vicArasaMdarbhanI ThIkaThIka samAMtara cAlato hoI pUraka nIvaDato jaNAze ane tethI bane aMgenI samaja vadhu vizada banaze. padonI paNa zAstrIya vAcanA thavI joIe. 16. jozI, umAzaMkara, "akho-eka adhyayana'-1973. pR. 181. 17. jhaverI, kRSNalAla mogujarAtI sAhityanA vadhu mArgasUcaka staMbho" 1958, pR.6 5-76. 18. jozI, umAzaMkara, 'akho-eka adhyayana 1973, pR. 181-193. 19. e ja, pR. 173-181. 20. e ja, pR. 16 7-173. 21. e ja, pR. 164-165. 22. e ja, pR. 16 5-167. 23. e ja. pR. 91-92. 24. sAgara, 'aprasiddha akSayavANI', 1932, pR. 12-14. 25. ThAkara, kezavalAla e, 'akhAjInI sAkhIo' 1952. 26. akhAnI vANI' pra. sastuM sAhitya vardhaka kAryAlaya, aprasiddha akSayavANI' saMzodhaka, sAgara, pra. gujarAta vidyAsabhA, 193ra ane anya saMgrahomAM. 27. jozI, umAzaMkara, akho-eka adhyayana' 1973, pR. 214. 308-11, 340-1. 28. e ja, pR. 281-2 (naraharita "jJAnagItAAdi graMtho ane anya jJAnamArgI kavionA akhA uparanA RNano surekha khyAla meLavavAmAM sureza ha. joSIno pI.eca.DI.no jJAnagItA' uparano bRhanibaMdha prakAzita thAya to ghaNI madada maLe.) 29. e ja, pR. 290295. meM ahIM badhe hastapratono khAsa karIne "sAgaraputra' yogendra tripAThI pAsenI teo kahetA hatA tema sAgare kahAnavAbaMgalAmAMthI meLavelI akhAnI hastapratomAMnI eka) hastapratano AdhAra lIdho che. 30. "akhAkRta kAvyo-'1 pR.125; uparAMta juo 5. sukhalAlajI saMpAdita 'jJAnabiMdunI prastAvanA. 31. dhruva, kezavalAla harSadarAya, vedAntI kavi akhAkRta anubhavabiMdu, pra. ena. ema. tripAThI li. muMbaI, bIjI AvRtti, 1953, pR-1. 32. jozI, umAzaMkara, chappA' 1962, pR.22 thI 71, akho-eka adhyayana' 1973, pR. 295-306.

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akho 431 33. mahetA, narmadAzaMkara de, 'akhAkRta kAvyo-1. 1931, pR. 53-54. 34. jozI umAzaMkara, 'akho-eka adhyayana', 1973 pR. 79. 35. dvivedI, hajArIprasAda, 'hindI sAhitya', 1955, pR 142. 36. e ja, pR. ra01-206, 37. jozI, umAzaMkara, 'akho-eka adhyayana', 1973, pR. 205. 38. vistRta carcA mATe juo akho-eka adhyayana', 1973, nAM chellAM be prakaraNa tattvanuM TUMpaNu' ane "akSayarasa' 39. diveTiyA, narasiMharAva, gujarAtI lengaveja eNnDa liTarecara', 1932, pR. 109. 40. ravIndraracanAvali (baMgALI graMtha 19) 41. kabIra graMthAvali' nAgarIpracAriNI sabhA kAzI, pR. 89. 42. juo akhAnA chappA', 196 2, nI umAzaMkara jozInI AvRttino prAstAvika lekha. 43. juo "akho-eka adhyayana', 1973, pR. 347. 44. gujarAtI lengaveja eNnDa liTarecara', 1932, pR. 120. 45. juo akho - eka adhyayana', 1973, pR. 353. 46. ThAkora, balavaMtarAya kalyANarAya, lirika', pR. 124.

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432 12 akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA bhUpendra trivedI pAMca jJAnAzrayI kavio gujarAtI jJAnAzrayI kavitAnAM kSetramAM akhA bhagatanuM pradAna sauthI vadhAre ane sauthI vadhu mahattvanuM che e suvidita hakIkata che. vedAMtanA gahana tattvajJAnane vaikharImAM mUkatAM eNe UMcA prakAranuM kavitva, zabdasUjha ane bhASAprabhutva pragaTa karela che te kAraNe ene gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna kaviomAM premAnaMdathIya vadhu zaktizALI kavi gaNavA enA abhyAsIo ane prazaMsako prerAya to navAI nahi. gujarAtI jJAnAzrayI kavitAnA pravAhane eNe je adAthI ane sAmarthyathI supuSTa karI dIdho te jotAM e pravAha ekadhAro AgaLa vadhato rahe ane nAnAmoTA anya pravAhothI e vakhatovakhata poSAto rahe evI zakayatA te jamAnAnI tAsIra jotAM jaNAI Ave che. e samaye avAranavAra thatI rAjakIya UthalapAthalone kAraNe rAjakIya kSetre aMdhAdhUMdhI moTA pramANamAM rahetI. jyAre jehanuM rAja ja jANa, tyAre tehanI mAnavI ANa' jevo vahevAru upadeza lokamAnasane anukULa hato. jIvananI sthiratA ja jyAM na hoya tyAM jIvanamAM saMgInatA hovAnI zakyatA paNa na hoya. corI, lUMTa, dhADanA banAvo sAmAnya banatAM jAnamAlanI salAmatIne satata jokhama rahetuM. Aja kadAca zAMtimAM vItI to ya kAla kevI jaze teno vicAra mANasane satata phaphaDato rAkhe. zAMti ne Azraya zodhavA eve samaye mANasa dharmanuM zaraNuM zodhe. e dharmane kSetre paNa pAchuM DhoMgIo, dhUtArA ane pAkhaMDIonuM prAbalya pravarte. bhalIbhoLI AmajanatAne dharmane nAme bhoLavI janArA takavAdIo eve TANe AgaLa AvavAnA ja, eTale khoTA DoLa damAma ane jhAjho ADaMbara dAkhavI ajJAna ane garIbaDI prajA upara prabhAva pADI dharmopadezane bahAne lokone AkarSI potAnI kaMcanakAminInI lAlasA tRpta karavA mathatA dharmaguruo jyAM tyAM jaDI AvatA. zAstrajJAnano dAvo karatA brAhmaNo, gora, joSIo, purANIo, TeliyAbhaTa, potapotAnI rIte lokone -

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akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA 433 karma-dharmano upadeza ApI, jJAtibhedane AgaLa karatA rahI, potAnI zreSThatA ane anivAryatA sAbita karavA aMge Agraha sevatA. jemanI pAse sattA hatI teo potAnI sattAnA baLe prajAne kanaDavAmAM AnaMda mANatA. jemanI pAse lakSmI hatI teo ezaArAmI banI jaIne jAtajAtanAM vyasanomAM racyApacyA rahetA. gujarAtanI prajAne "dharmaprANa' kahevAmAM kazuM khoTuM nathI. anya prakAre je vAta prajAne samajAvI na zakAtI hoya te vAtane dharmanuM nAmarUpa ApI samajAvI ja zakAya eTalI hade lokonI dharmamAM aMdhazraddhA hatI. samAjamAM rUDhionuM prAbalya hatuM. aneka devadevIomAM loko mAnatA. saMpradAyo, paMtho, mata vagere dharmane kSetre vipula pramANamAM gujarAtamAM dekhAya che. ane tene pariNAme temanI vacce zreSThatAnI sAbitI aMge, satata jhagaDAo paNa cAlu rahetA. rAmAnaMdI ne nImAnaMdI, vallabhapaMthI ne sahajAnaMdI, kabIrapaMthI ne dAdupaMthI jevA jAtajAtanA paMtho jyAM pracalita hoya tyAM sAmAnya mANasanI buddhi kikartavyamUDha banI jAya ane teve TANe sAcI sUjha ApI tene madadarUpa banavA tatpara evA nirabhimAnI, nirAMDabarI, jJAnI, paraduHkhabhaMjaka saMtabhaktone zaraNe jaI, temane caraNe besI, temanAM vacanAmRtanuM pAna karI te zAtA meLavI zake. e jamAnAne AvA nisvArthI ane jJAnI guruonI jhAjhI jarUra hatI, ane akhA pachI je aneka saMta-bhakto thaI gayA temaNe prajAne jJAna-bhakti-vairAgyano bodha karI samAjamAM sadAcAra ANavAnuM ne samAjane tenI aneka badIo dUra karavAmAM sahAyarUpa thavAnuM ati mahattvanuM kArya karyuM che. jemane cokkasa dRSTie bhegA vicArI zakAya tema che te bhakta kavio prItama, nirAMta, dhIro, bhojo ane bApusAheba gAyakavADanuM kAvyakSetre pradAna have vicArIe. prItamadAsa jJAnAzrayI kavitAno vicAra karatAM jene 'akhA pachIno gaNanApAtra jJAnIkavi' kahI zakIe te prItamadAsa (I.sa.1720 thI 1789) no janma bAvaLA gAmamAM thayo hato. jJAtie bAroTa, janmathI cakSuhIna, rAmAnaMdI sAdhuonI jamAtanA mahaMta bhAIdAsajI pAsethI gurumaMtra ane upadeza lIdhA pachI emaNe jJAnabhaktino paMtha apanAvyo. AmaraNa sAdhujIvana gALanAra A vedAMtI kavi yogamArganA paNa abhyAsI hatI ane sAruM evuM zAstrajJAna emaNe saMprApta karyuM hatuM. I.sa. 176 1mAM saMdesara AvyA pachI emaNe kavana zarU karyuM kahevAya che. kakkA, vAra, mahinA, tithi, jJAna-bhaktivairAgyanAM pado, dhoLa, chappA, sAkhIo, gurumahimA, nAmamahimA, jJAnaprakAza, jJAnagItA jevI aneka racanAo emaNe karI che. mukhya viSaya vedAMtane :

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434 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 anulakSI thatI jJAnanI vAto, vairAgyano upadeza, bhaktino bodha, brahmAnubhava karavA mATe yogamArga kaI rIte sAdhanarUpa bane che te paNa emaNe darzAvyuM che. emaNe racelI 'jJAnagItA' guruziSyasaMvAda rUpe rajU thaI che ane temAM 'jIva te zuM?" "Izvara te zuM?" jagamAM mAyA te zuM?" jevA praznonI vicAraNA maLe che. nAmamAhAtmya, saMtamAhAtmya, vicAra, yoga, jJAna, bhakti, vairAgya, prema, viraha, tRSNA, vairAgya mana, mAyA, brahmasvarUpa, jIvanmukta, sajjananAM lakSaNa jevA vidhavidha viSayo judAM judAM aMgomAM vibhAjita karI A kavie chaso uparAMta sAkhIo lakhI che jemAMnI keTalIka hiMdImAM che. jIbhalaDI re tane hariguNa gAtAM, AvaDuM ALasa kyAMthI?" hira hira raTaNa kara kaThaNa kaLikALamAM', 'hirano mAraga che zUrAno nahi kAyaranuM kAma jone', sAcI te konI sagAI, saMsAramAM sAcI te konI saMgAI?", "saMta samAgama je jana ka2ze, tene pragaTe prema jone', 'guru game ghaTa joyo re, saMze sarve TaLyo', 'bhUlavaNI bhAgI re, brahmAnaMda bhAsyo', jevAM aneka pado bhaktahRdayane sAcI samaja ApI hirano mAraga dekhADe che. prItamanI bhASA sAdI che, sa2La che, vahevAru che, chatAM lAlityabharI ane alaMkRta paNa ghaNe sthaLe che. u.ta., kAyA kusuma che kAramuM, vege vaNasI re jAya, amara thAya jema AtamA, evo karaje upAya'. 'sadguru zabda vicAratAM, pragaTe jJAnaprakAza, ravi Uge rajanI TaLe, hoya avidyA nAza.' paTataMtu nyAro nahi, jyama hATakanA hAra, jaDacetana jagadIzamAM, tejapuMja eka tAra.' mahAmugata jANe jugata, je Ape aDhIta, agaliMgI AkAzavata, svepada zabdAtIta.' jema amAse AkAza, caMdra kahevAno re, ema nizce jagatano nAza, nathI rahevAno re'. AnaMdano lavaleza maLe nahi, zoka ghaNo saMsArIne; kahIM mAta mare kahIM tAta mare, kahIM bhrAta rue suta nAhIne': "mana nirlajane lajjA na maLe, pILuM bhALe potAne kamaLe, laI nAkhe mAyAne vamaLe.'

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akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA 435 bhakti che re khAMDAnI dhAra, ene sAdhe koI sAdhanahAra' 'zvAna samAna A jIva che, vahe zakaTano bhAra'. sarovara phasuM nIra gayuM pachI, prANI pALa baMdhAve re, AMkho AgaLa ghara lAge ne, kumati kUpa khaNAve re.' je je karazo te bhogavazo, bhavasAgaramAM bhamazo re, baMTInuM bI vAvIne bhAI, kamoda kyAMthI jamazo ?" kahe prItama kRpamAM kyAMthI barAsa, hiMgamAM na hoya caMdananI vAsa.' ajJAnatimirane TALavA, guruvacana te ravirUpa" ema kaheto A kavi bhajana upara bhAva' rAkhI, "saMtasamAgamano lahAva' laI "rAmanAmano raMga lagADI, sadA satsaMga karI, sukhI thavAno mArga cIMdhe che. kahe che ke tattvamasi jevA mahAvAcakanuM jJAna jene jaDiyuM re, tene jIva IzvaranuM bhAna, pAchuM paDiyuM re eka bahma bharyA bharapUra, sacarAcaramAM re, tenuM nIrakhI jojo mUra, nArI naramAM re.. 'tene rUpa raMga nahi koya, nirAlaMba bhariyo re; kahe prItama e unamAna, akhaMDa brahmadariyo re.' te jIvanmuktA jeha gatathI nyArA re 'tene tape na trividha tApa, zItaLa aMga sArA re." -TUMkamAM kahIe to, huM mAruM te saMsAranuM che mULa re. mAruM-tAruM maTatAM bhavano aMta re." -ane tethI ja kuzaLa iccho ApaNe to mUko mAna ahaMkAra; UMca-nIcanuM nathI aMtara, prIche pAme sAra." nirAMta prItamadAsa pachI Ave che nirAMtabhakta (I.sa. 1747 thI 1825.) karajaNa tAlukAnA

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436 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa- 1 dethANa gAme rajapUta kuTuMbamAM eo janmyA hatA. nAnapaNathI ja dharmaviSayaka kathAvArtAnA premI hoI purANIonI kathAmAM tathA gAmanA occhavamaMDaLamAM eo niyamita jatA. pote sAruM gAI paNa zakatA. be vAra paraNyA hatA ane ATha putro ane cAra dIkarIonI prajA emane hatI. gokaLadAsa nAmanA rAmAnaMdI sAdhu pAsethI emaNe 'nAmano upadeza meLavyo ane sAcA jJAnI banyA. pote bhajano gAtA paNa gurunI hayAtI daramyAna pote upadeza ApatA na hatA. guru videha thayA bAda emaNe upadeza ApavAnuM zarU karyuM ane nAtajAtanuM abhimAna choDI ghaNA mANasoe emanI pAsethI upadeza lIdho. eo pote saMpradAya sthApavA icchatA na hatA, paNa emanA ansAna bAda emanA ziSyoe jJAnagAdI sthApI ane emano saMpradAya cAlyo che. jemAM bhakti ane jJAna jaLavAI rahe evA nivRttimArgano upadeza emaNe karyo che. emaNe tithio, mahinA, sAkhIo, saguNabhaktinA upadezanAM bhajano, nirguNabhaktinA, jJAnopadezanA bhajano, nAmamahimA, brahmadarzana, paramAtmAsthiti, viSayathI upazama pAmavA aMge bodha, satsaMga, saMtalakSaNa, AtmanirUpaNa, puruSaprakRtiparicaya, AtmajJAna, dehotpatti ane manuSyajIvana vagere aMge bhajano, cetAvanI, patro, savaiyA, jhUlaNAnAM pada, kavita, kuMDaLiyA jevI racanAo karI che. emanI bhASA sAdI, saraLa, taLapadI che. ghaNAM bhajano hiMdI-gujarAtI mizra bhASAmAM che. sAdhuvANInI bAbatamAM bhASAnI saphAI aMgeno Agraha na ja hoya, bhASA sugrAhya ane coTadAra hoya eTale basa. nAma vinA koI nava tare, bhavasAgaranI mAMhya' ema kahetA nirAMta mahArAja rAmanAma bhaja bhAva dharIne mUkI mana baDAI reevo upadeza ApI e rAmanAmano mahimA bhalI bhAte gAya che. rAma nAma to pada niravANa re, "nAma niraMjanase adhika', 'sAdhana bIjAM aneka bhAtanAM, uttama nAma samovaDa nAhi, nAma pratApa varNavyo nava jAye,' paramadhAma pada rAmako,' 'rAmanAma ridhanuM gADuM,' 'rAma samara sukha pAve' vagere vacano nAmaraTaNane nAmasmaraNa upara khUba ja bhAra mUke che. mahAmUlo manuSyadeha prApta thayo che to tene eLe veDaphI na nAkhatAM "haribhajana karo', "haratAM pharatAM dhaMdho karatA, dhyAna harinuM dharavuM, kemake "Are kAyAno pAyo che kAco, suta vita dArA aMte raheze aLagAM, ane sAcuM sagapaNa zAmaLiyAnuM che. aneka mananI vRtti mUkIne eka jhAlane dInAnAtha,' "mahAmaMtra moTo re nArAyaNa taNo', "rAma bhajo ne rAma bhajo,' ema vAraMvAra saniSTha bhaktino upadeza ApanAra A kavie narasiMha mIrAMnI yAda Ape evAM kRSNabhaktinAM aneka pado gopIbhAve racyAM che. bAra mahinAmAM virahiNInA aMtarano talasATa vedhaka zabdomAM rajU thAya

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akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA 437 che. mathurAgamana aMgenAM pado vacce kubajAnA ullekhavALAM pada tathA dhanya bhAga vAMsalaDI tAhyarA re, prabhunA mukha padavIne pAmI jo', moha upagArI re mohanajInI moralI vAgI vagaDAnI mAMhya, sAda anupama zravaNa sAMbhaLI mana aTakyuM che tyAMya.' jevAM moralIviSayaka pado paNa ahIM che. jananI te jenI jazomatI' evo "naMdano nAMdhalIyo' "lakSaNa batarI bIrAjato "pAtaLIo' viThThalavara sumati nArIno sAhyabo" kahevAyo che. jeNe pILAM pItAMbara paheryA che, jenI keDe temano kaMdoro che, jenI bAMhe bAjubaMdha berakhAM che, kAne kuMDaLa zobhe che, mastaka parano mugaTa hIre jaDyo che, "zAladozAlA' jevA vAghAthI je zobhe che, pagamAM jene mojaDIo che, kapALe kesaranI ADa che, mukhamAM mukhavAsa che, aNiyALI pAMkhaDIvALo je nakhazikha sohe che, jene aneka nArI chatAM je bhavobhavano brahmacArI che, evo nivRtta nArIno nAvalo' ko puNyavaMtI ne satyavaMtI ja pAme che. evA jIvaNajIne jamavA teDI tene bhAvatAM bhAtabhAtanAM bhojanane anulakSIne racAyelAM pado paNa A kavie racyAM che, ane vinA phaLanI bhakti karavAno Adeza Apyo che. nirguNabhaktinA jJAnapradezamAM gurunuM mahattva kavie vAraMvAra gAyuM che. guru goviMda te bhinna nA jANuM eka jANuM mana bhAvyA che,' "gurujJAne Atama oLakhAze.' satsaMga vinA kabue na kalyANa hoe', 'nugarAnuM niSphaLa sau jANo' vagere gAnAra A jJAnIkavie sRSTinA bIjarUpa mananI mahAmAyAne varNavI karmakATane TALavA sUcave che. "bhaNIne tuM thayo re bhikhArI jevAM padomAM kaMcana lAlasAvALA daMbhI guruone e khullA pADe che. lakhe che : 'vyAsano veza dharI, samajaNa zI karI? Aza nA paraharI DhoMgadhArI; mAna moya kare, eTale anusare, manamAM phUlyo phare bhUla bhArI. Apa oLakhAya nahi, alakha lakha thAya nahi, vANIe kahevAya nahi zuM re kaheze? puNya bhAgavatataNuM, paMDite ema bhaNya, bhAravahA gaNuM bhAra vaheze 'Apo tyAre e bolAve, nA Apo tyAre thAya mUgoH evA gurune dhakke mAro, enA gharanI vATa nA sUMgho.' jIvazivanI ekatA, brahmanuM svarUpa, mAyAnuM prAbalya vagere vedAMtanI daSTie varNavato A kavi anubhaviyAno upadeza Ape che. sIdho Thoka pADIne upadeza ApanAra nirAMta mahArAjanuM bhASAsAmarthya ane

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438 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 bhASAprabhutva emanAM aneka bhajanomAM dekhAya che : phUlyo zuM kare che chakamAM chAyA joto na cAla: varaNAgImAM vATa UThaze, lUMTIleze kALa. dhana jobananA madamAM mAto, viSayabhogamAM vArU: e cAMdaraNuM cAra divasanuM, aMte che aMdhArUM mATe mana vicArI jone, mAne kahyuM tuM sAcuM; vaNasI jAtAM vAra na lAge, kAyApAtra che kAcuM; jIvanmukta to jene kahevAya che, evA puruSa paramANuM. vANI jAo to vikAra nahi, jemAM UghaDavuM hIrAnuM zANuM. apAna AvaNa UDI gayuM che, vAyu akhaMDita vahANuM. rahe che saMsAramAM ne bhinna che saMsArathI, samajyAmAM sAra samANuM marIne jIve teno deza evo jANajo, nAma samAna nahi nANuM. nirAMta sadguru kAmadhenu kahIe, dAsane te joIe dujhANuM, dhIro nirAMta mahArAjanI sAthe jene savizeSa paricaya hato evA dhIrA bhagata (I.sa.1753 thI 1825) goThaDAnA bAroTa hatA. sAdhusaMnyAsIonI sevA dvArA te bahuzruta banyA hatA ane zAstrIo pAse emaNe zAstrAbhyAsa paNa karyo kahevAya che. sAMkhya vedAMtanA jJAna uparAMta dhIrA bhagatane haThayoga ane rAjayoga paNa AvaDatA hatA. emanI patnI kaTubhASiNI hatI. nirAMta mahArAje kahyuM che : maLe kubhArajA jo nArI, jJAnI mAne tene sArI. ziSyo jAko nArI hUMDI, vAkI dazA jAno rUDI. harinAma kadI samarAve, vAke prasAdase hari pAve; sArI te to jANo balA, nirAMta satya kahe che bhalA'. game te ho, paNa dhIrA bhagate samartha vANImAM jJAnabhaktino upadeza vipula pramANamAM Apyo che. harijananI AvazyakatA aMge eo kahe che : "haribhajana jene bhovana nahi, maMdira tenuM masANa, smaraNa puNya samaNe nava samaje, te pApI pAkhaMDI pazupANa;

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akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA 439 dhikkAra tenI janunI re, evAM saMtAna je jivADe." pAkhaMDapUjaka dIvAnI duniyAne potA pAse rahelA kartAnI jANa nathI. te jIva nahi tene ziva karI mAne, pUje kASTha pASANa, caitanya puruSane pAchaLa mUke, evI gaMdha jagata ajANa arkane ajavALe re, prasiddha maNi nava sUjhe." saguNa bhaktinAM gAna gAtAM kavi kahe che: bhAre bharoso vizvAsa vizvabhara, AzA pUro anAthanA nAtha, duHkha vilApa saMkaTa kaSTa yaLo, hari heta karIne jhAlo hAtha. dhIrAne vAre dhAjo re, tAre ne mAre prIta baNI.' zraddhApUrvaka e kahe che : jene rAma rAkhe re, tene kuNa mArI zake? dhIrA bhagata khAsa vakhaNAya che emanI kAphIo mATe, tathA emanI avaLavANI mATe. "taraNA othe DuMgara re, DuMgara koI dekhe nahi," "mana tuMhI tuMhI bole re, A supanA jevuM tana tAruM,' "khabaradAra! mana sUbAjI, khAMDAnI dhAre caDhavuM che' jevI keTalIka racanAo lokajIbhe ramI rahI che. enI avaLavANInAM dRSTAMto savizeSa noMdhapAtra che : "jJAna meDaka kALamaNidhara mAryo, mana mohadadhino kIdho AhAra. aja anubhave Abha zodhyo, bagabuddhie mAryo ahaMkAra tRSNAsiMha nATho re, saMtoSazvAna caDhiyo kaDiye." potAnA banAvyA pote pragaTyA, sonAe ghaDyo sonAra; kIDI kuMjarane nAca nacAve, ema kAdava kIdho kuMbhAra." 'tetaraDe siMcANo pakaDyo, sase sapaDAvyo siMha kAyara khaDaga kADhIne doDyo, tyAre zUre pADI cIsa, maMjArI cUhe mArI re, reyata zuM rAjA re. aMbADIe gajarAjane gaLiyo, ghoDAne gaLI gayuM jIna, vastranI upara vADa sukANI, ema samudrane gaLI gayuM phINa. sasaluM zANuM thaIne re, siMhane nAkhyo paTamAM'. aMbaphaLIe zrIphaLa lAgyAM, kadaLIe kerIonI lUma,

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440 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa- 1 nAgaravele drAkSa bIjorAM, evI zobhA banI che khUba. dhIrAnA dhaNI Avo re, goviMda rahyA A ghaTamAM. nIcenI paMktiomAM kavinA yogamArgano savizeSa paricaya pragaTa thato jaNAya zUnya zikhara para amara ajara nara, viyaMbhara rAja birAje; sahastradala kamala para kare lIlA tyAM, anahada chaMde vAjAMvAje gaDeDe siMdhu gAjI re, phUle jaLa pALa pharI malacakrathI Aghe caDhiyA, gInacakre AvI aDiyA; vaikuMThanI pAra paDiyA, viSNu teNe paLiyA re. kailAsa mAMhe kallola, AtmArAma jhAkamajhoLa, triveNI mAMhe jo kola, pherA mArA phaLiyA re, khaTarse ekavIsa hajAra, Urdhvamukhe saMdhAdhAra, akhaMDa IMTanI pALa, baLavaMtA baLiyA re. dhIrA bhagate racelI svarUpanI kAphIo'mAM guru, mAyA, mana tRSNA, lakSmI, yauvana tathA kAyAnAM svarUpa AlekhAyAM che. eNe 27 padanI 'Atmabodha jJAnakakko', chUTaka pada, garabIo, dhoLa vagere paNa lakhyAM kahevAya che. ' dhIrA bhagatanI bhASAmAM taLapadApaNuM che te sAthe temAM Agavo jusso paNa che. mAdhurya, prasAda ane oja e traNe guNo enI kavitAmAM che. lAlitya ane kalpanAnI paNa emAM khoTa nathI. harinA nAma vinA khela saghaLo khoTo che,' "mAthe maraNano bhAra moTo che, jAyuM te to sarva jAvAnuM." "kAcano kUpo kAyA tArI,vaNasatAM na lAge vAra,' 'eraNanI corI, soyanuM dAna, ema kema Ave vemAna" jevI taLapadI paMktio sAthe nIcenI paMktio sarakhAvatAM kavinuM zailIvaividhya dhyAnamAM Avaze. premapalANa dharI, jJAnaghoDe caDhI, sadguru zabda lagAma; zIla saMtoSa ne kSamA khaDaga dharI bhajana bhaDako rAma; dharmaDhAla jhAlI re, nitye nizAne caDhavuM che.' vAva, taLAva, kUpa, saritA, siMdhu, pragaTa udaka eka pekha; kumamAM bIja, bIjamAM druma-latA sUtra tANAvANo eka dekhe; vizva vizvabhara re, jANaMdA madhye mANaMdA.'

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akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA 441 'hastAmaLa ravi prakaTyo ghaTamAM, jaLabiMba jayoti prakAza; seja samAdhi anahada dhUna lAgI, asipada AnaMdaujAsa advaita magna UgyuM re, lalutA premapAMkhaDIe." jJAnaghUgharA ghaNaNaNa ghamake, raNaNaNa roma raNakAra; saNaNaNa sUra jhaNajhaNe, bhaNaNaNa bhAna bhaNakAra; gaDaDa mRdaMga jhaDa re, lAge ne loTa coTADo. bhAvabhUMgaLo bhalI pera bole, Dole zabda suNI dezAMta; tananana tAna tAla taMbUrA, surata surata thAya zAMta. nija nAma naraghAM re, mAnamaMjIrA vajADo." bApusAheba gAyakavADa nirAMta bhakta ane dhIrA bhakta baMnene gurupade sthApanAra marAThA rajapUta bApusAheba gAyakavADa (I.sa.1777-1843) nAnapaNathI dharmasaMbaMdhI praznottaranA zokhIna hoI sAdhusaMtomAM pharatA hatA. dhIrA bhaktanA samAgamamAM AvatAM bhajanakIrtana emane priya banyAM, ane pote paNa kIrtano joDavA lAgyA. te pachI nirAMta bhaktane jJAnanAM pada gAtA sAMbhaLatAM ne potAnA praznonA yogya khulAsA temanI pAse sAMpaDatAM eo temanA paNa ziSya thayA. potAnA guruone cIle cAlI bApusAhebe paNa jJAnapradezanAM pada, dharmaveza aMgenAM pada, brahmajJAnanA paripunA rAjIA, garabIo ane kAphIo jevI racanAo karI che. kavi, saMtasamAgama ane sadagurunI AvazyakatA tathA brahmajJAnanI mahattA darzAvatAM, mUrkha ane DhoMgI guruone khullA pADI, karmakAMDanuM mithyAtva ane dharmane nAme pravartatA daMbhanI vAto karI, brAhmaNone pote zreSTha che e jAtanuM mithyAbhimAna tajavAno upadeza Ape che. kAmAdi cha ripuonA emaNe racelA rAjIA, jIvananI kSaNabhaMguratA tathA jJAnabhaktivairAgyanI AvazyakatA darzAve che. Aje naSTaprAya thaI gayelo paNa madhyakALamAM Thera Thera pracalita A kAvyaprakAra enA mULa rUpamAM paNa AgavI chaTAthI upadeza mATe bApusAhebe kAme lagADyo che. mana, strI, vizvAsa, dhana, putra, guru, vairAgya, deha, tRSNA, vacana jevAM aMgo pADI dareka para emaNe cAracAra garabIo lakhI che. emanI jJAnopadezanI kAphIo guruonI racanAone cIle racAI che. yogavidyAnA sAdhakane je aDhAra siddhio prApta thaI zake te badhI yogI mATe baMdhananuM kAraNa thaI paDe tevI hoIne heya che ema emanuM kahevuM che. jJAnIne, sAdhune, sAcA, saMtane oLakhavA mATe tenAM lakSaNa emaNe batAvyAM che.

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442 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 ema to upadeza hindu ane musalamAna bannene mATe che. hindu jIvanavyahAranuM UMDuM jJAna emaNe dAkhavyuM che; tenI sAthe islAmano paNa sAro evo emano paricaya emanA padomAM prakaTa thAya che. bApusAhebanI bhASA taLapadI jarU2 che. paNa e barachaTa, che, karkaza paNa che. je janatA samakSa emane potAnuM kavana 2jU ka2vAnuM che e janatAne sAcI paristhitino khyAla ApI enI ajJAnadazA dUra karavA bhASAnA ko2DA vIMjhavAnuM kArya A kavie karyuM che. --kANAne kANuM kahiye, to lAge kaDavuM; ene sAcuM kahiye to sUjhe vaDhavuM.' -rAMDe karyo che jIva gAMDo, juonI bhAI rAMDe karyo che jIva gAMDo'. -jo2 javAnImAM bhUlI gaI che mALA, sArI bhUMDI kAyAnA thaze lALA.' -caLelI nArI te nava rahe DhAMkI, tenI cAla, bolI ne AMkha pAkI.' -suNo suNo tame brAhmaNa lukhA khAkha; rakhaDI rakhaDI luvo zuM kAkha!' --je kare lAgA tethI vAlo gayA AghA, sUdhuM samajyA nahi to baLyA enA vAghA.' --hirane pASANa kahe te ja gAMDo, e to sadA che akhaMDa ne nA thAya khADo; samajyA vinA gAya te rAMDIrAMDo, tema samajIne pagalAM mAMDo.' -bheda brahmano batAve te ja guru dAtA, bIjA samajyA vinA bahu dhAtA.' -chApa tilaka ne mALA rAkhe, phUDa kapaTa ne asatya ghaNuM bhAkhe, hAthamAM mALA krodhabharyAM kALA e to nizce DUbADyAnA cALA: mALAno marma nava jANo, AMkho mIMcIne maNakA tANo.' AvI ja sIdhI ne saraLa bhASAmAM kavi jJAnanI vAto paNa rocaka zabdomAM rajU karI zake che : akhaMDa eka AtamA re, bIjuM bAkI sarave dhULa. bApu kahe bhaja nAmane re, kAyA AkaDAnuM nUra.' phUla khIlIne kharI paDe, evuM kAyAnuM che kAma re, mATe cetIne cupa cAlavuM, mUkI mamatA tamAma re.' prathama saddagurano satsaMga sAco, mATe tamo caMdgurune nizadina jAco.' 'guru kRpA karI re, vA'lo mArA dIM bharapUra ajJAna rAtri maTI gaI re, jJAnano Ugyo tyAM sUraH jyAM dekhuM tyAM hari re, codaza jhaLakI rahyuM che nUra.'

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akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA 443 bApu sAhebanI kavitAmAM camatkRtinI apekSA na rAkhI zakAya, paNa tatkAlIna paristhitino citAra joIto hoya to te bharapeTe maLI zake che. samAjanuM baMdhAraNa, lokamAnasa, dharmane nAme pravartatAM dhatiMga, badIo, vyasano, khANIpINI, paheraveza, zokhanAM sAdhano vagere nAnI moTI aneka vigato samAjazAstrIne khAsa mahattvanI banI rahe che. Aje mAnyAmAM na Ave evI cIjavastuonA bhAvatAlanI vigato ya noMdhapAtra che. dUdha moTA paisAnuM zera maLe che." "sAkara rUpiyAnI cAra zera maLe che, "aphINa rUpiyAnuM cAra bhAra vecAya che', "sUtara cAra zera eka pAMca rUpIe zera che', eka sonuM to daza bAre vecAya che, kuMdana to bAvIsano tolo re', "kasturIno alyA viveka batAvuM, vIsa rUpiyAnI tolo AMkI re, "haLadara rUpiyAnI ATha zera maLe che, kesara tolAnA be vasu re," jevAM vidhAno te bApusAhebanI kavitAnI paMktio ja che. bhojo samAjamAM pravartatI asamAnatA, paMtho ne saMpradAyonI saMkucitatA, DhoMgI guruonAM dhatiMga, khaTadarzananI khaTapaTo, vahema rUDhi ane aMdhazraddhAmAM gaLADUba samAja tatkAlIna gujarAtane A badhI bAbato aMge saceta karavA sAcA vedAMtIonI, jJAnI maramI sudhArakonI savizeSa AvazyakatA hatI ane e kArya ApaNA jJAnAzrayI je kavioe, yathAzakti yathAmati karyuM che te saumAM, jemane 'akhAnI nAnI AvRtti' gaNavAmAM Ave che te bhojA bhakta (I.sa.1785-1850) kadAca sauthI vadhAre dhyAna kheMce tema che. saurASTramAM jetapura pAsenA devakIgAloLa gAmamAM emano janma. jAte leuA kaNabI. janmathI bAra varSanI vaya sudhI mAtra dUdha upara rahyA. temane rAmetavana nAmanA eka yogI pAsethI kevaLa dRSTi dvArA ja dIkSA maLI kahevAya che. eo anubhavI siddha saMta hatA ane amarelInA dIvAna viThThalarAve temanI siddhino camatkAra tapAsavA emane jelamAM pUryA tyAre divasamAM cAra cAra vakhata miSTAnna khAvA chatAM, potAnI yogazaktithI emaNe maLamUtra baMdha karI paMdara divasa sudhI dhyAnamagna dazA bhogavI hatI. dIvAne mAphI yAcI upadeza mAgyo tyAre "cAbakhA" nAme prasiddha thayela aneka pado dvArA emaNe upadeza Apyo hato. tIkhI marmavedhaka vANImAM ahaMkArI jIvone emaNe jJAna-cAbakhAno mAra mAryo che. -mUrakhAnI dADhI thaI dhoLI re, hRdayamAM joyuM na khoLI re. -mUrakhA! janama gayo tAro re bAMdhyo pApa taNo bhAro re." -mUrakhA! mohI rahyo mAruM re, AmAM kAMI nathI tAruM re,'

Page #461
444 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 - sagA kuTuMbI koI kenA nathI, bahena ne bhAyA re; karyuM na thAya koInuM, paNa durmati kAyA re; dharAnuM dhoMsaruM kAMdha dharyuM, dhanya go taNA jAyA re." -"ratna amUlya tane mAMDa maLyuM che, te khUTalI nAMkhyuM hoya A janama to eLe gayo, te smaraNa na karyuM soya.' saMtasevA ane haribhaktino sIdho upadeza A cAbakhAomAM maLe che: - prANiyA! bhajI lene kiratAra, A to svanuM che saMsAra'. -"manavA re'nI bhajanamAM bhaLI, A to veLA jAya che vaLI." -dekho deha dharI devA re, karI liyo saMtunI sevA re. - bhajana karo to bhava maTe, saMtazabda dharajo kAna'; -amaradevane ArAdhI lejo samaja sadgurunI zAna'. -premapadane pAmavA tuM melI de mananI tANa, bhojo bhagata kahe gurupratApe bhakti che nirvANa." Ajanma naiSThika brahmacArI rahela bhojA bhagate cAbakhA uparAMta bAvanAkSarI, kakko, mahinA, prabhAtiyAM, saravaDAM kAphI, horI vagere lakhyAM che. gurusevA, kRSNakIrtana, ajJAnI jIvanI mUDhatA, saMsAranI kSaNabhaMguratA, mAyAnuM prAbalya, brahmanI ekatA ne sarvavyApakatA, AtmAnubhava jevI aneka bAbato bhojA bhagate potAnI lAkSaNika bAnImAM rajU karI che. kavinAM prabhAtiyAMnI nIcenI paMktionuM kavinuM vANIsAmarthya jJAnopadezanA kSetramAM paNa keTaluM badhuM che teno khyAla Ape che: "harijana hoya teNe heta ghaNuM rAkhavuM, nija nAma grahone nimana rahevuM; trividhanA tApane jApa jaraNA karI, paraharI pApa, rAmanAma levuM? kRSNa kRpA vinA karma chUTe nahi, kSudhA na lAge jaLapAna kIdhuM, pUraNa prIti vinA prabhujI nahi maLe mukti nA pAmIe mAna lIdhe.' kAmanuM mULa te jANavI kalpanA, krodhathI karmanI gAMTha bAMdhe. zIla saMtoSanA cokhA dIdhA vinA, janma ne marNanA roga vAdhe.' prapaMcane pArathI samajIne cAlavuM, DahApaNa ne bhoLapaNa nAkhI devuM; jema che tema jANI, joI revuM jagatamAM, vera ne prIti nahi ema revuM.

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akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA 445 jIva ne zivano jene saMzaya chUTI gayo, siMha ne bakarI tene eka Are: ApopuM arpIne ehane oLakho, to trividhanA tApane tarta ThAre.' jyAM lagI kalpanA tyAM lagI jIva che, saMzaya chUTe tyAre ziva kA've; dhyeya ne dhyAtA vinA dhyAna jo pragaTe to, sohaM svarUpamAM jaIne samAve.' jyAM lagI jIvanI jAta, jANI nathI, tyAM lagI tANamatANa rahe che; Adyane vicAratAM aMta madhye eka che, vastu sAcI te vedAMta kahe che.' 52mAtmAmAM ananya zraddhA ne bhaktibhAva rAkhavA preratuM kAcabA-kAcabInuM kavie raceluM bhajana gAMdhIjIne atyaMta priya hatuM. hiMdI-gujarAtInA mizraNavALI bhASAmAM racAyela horIomAM rAdhAkRSNanI lIlA ne hira ne haranI hoLI khelavatAM varNano che, te sAthe yogamArganI vAto paNa che. nIcenI paMktio tenA udAharaNa rUpa che. koI haradama horI macAve, macAve koI haradama horI, nAbhi kamaLathI sUra calata hai, zabdaneM surati milAve, prayarsu hoya tene pAchuM saMkele, roma roma raMga lAve; eNI pere piyukuM rijhava. takhata bhaI jeNe dekhyA tamAsA, trikUTimeM tAna milAve, gagana guphAmeM gAna karAve, tAku avigati najare Ave; poMce vAku kALa na khAve. naina dekhyAM tAku vena nahi hai, ko kahI zuM samajAve, zikhara cacA karI sAna batAve, jAku nigama neti neti gAveH soya ghara se'je pAve.' bhojA bhakta 'gAI lenI hari, manuSya deha nahi Ave pharI' e vAta ThasAvavA mATe sArA pramANamAM rUDhiprayogo ne kahevatono Azraya le che. pUra pahelI tuM bAMdhe pALa', 'peTa coLI upajAvyuM zULa', 'nIra khAre nhAze', "mati pharI tArI, A che paMkhIono meLo', 'bhakti zIza taNuM sATuM', 'guru gama vinA ghaNAM gothAM khUTala jAva khAze re', 'pittaLamAM zuM tAvuM?" bAMdhI hoya te lakSa liye, bhAI UghADI kAM nAkho re" 'popAnuM rAja", 'hastinA dAMta to cAvavAnA che kharA aNa dekhADavA jagatane bahAra bIjA,' 'saMsAranAM sukhaDAM re kaDavo lImaDo', 'jJAnagaMgAjImAM ahoniza nA'vuM' vagerethI bharIbharI ane coTadAra banatI A bhaktanI vANI, jeno artha sahelAIthI na samajAya enA keTalAka zabdo-maDeskA, ukAsaNA, khalA, AMu karaNI, ANuM vegaDa, pesu, pAyu vagerethI kyAreka kilaSTa paNa bane che. vapu, sakRta, aghaogha, taraNi jevA saMskRta zabdono upayoga bhojA bhakta kare che to baMdA, nUra, takhata, sAheba, khAviMda jevA urdU zabdo paNa vApare che. AkhAbolA A kavinI vANI Ama zabdaSTie ane arthadRSTie sArA pramANamAM samRddha che. uparanA pAMce mahattvanA bhaktakavio samAjanA evA tharamAMthI pragaTyA hatA

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446 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 ke jyAM zAstra-jJAna, vidvattA ke pAMDityano dAvo karavAmAM Avato nathI. AmAMnA ekane paNa kavi thavAnI ke kavi tarIke oLakhavAnI lezamAtra IcchA na hatI. emanA uddagAro e emanA haiyAmAMthI pragaTatI sIdhI dhAradAra vANI che. vedAMta te kevaLa pothImAMnuM tattvajJAna nathI paNa yathArtha rIte jIvana jIvavAno sarvathA vahevAru mArga che e A saunA upadezathI spaSTa thaI jAya che. A saMtono upadeza moTe bhAge prAkRta abudha janatAne thayo che. chatAM mAnavamAtrane e lAgu paDe che. te kAraNe e upadezapradhAna kavanamAM rahela baLa kevA prakAranuM che te upara ApelAM aneka avataraNothI samajAze. kalpanAnI cArutAno abhAva emAM moTe bhAge che, chatAM paricita dagaMto, upamA, rUpaka, nidarzanA, prAsAnuprAsa, varNasagAI vagerethI tema ja kahevato ane rUDhiprayogonA aucityapuraHsaranA upayogathI e kavana rasALa ane coTadAra banI rahe che. akSarameLa chaMdo ahIM bhAgye ja maLe. duhA, copAI, soraThA, chappA, kuMDaLiyA kavita, savaiyA, jhUlaNA, manahara jevA mAtrAmeLa chaMdomAM mAtrAonI vadhaghaTa ane yatinA niyamono bhaMga avAranavAra dekhAto hovAnuM kAraNa vajanane joIne ja thatuM lakhAya che. Ama to saMgItAtmaka pado ja moTe bhAge A kavioe racyAM che. ahIM lokagItanA judA judA DhALa tAla tathA dhUnano vaparAza paNa che. kIrtanobhajano sugeya hoya ane jANItA DhALomAM hoya tyAre ja lokakaMThe ramI rahI zake. kAphI ne horInAM padomAM zAstrIya saMgItano AnaMda sAMpaDI zake. - 5 eka vAta atyaMta spaSTa che ke A bhaktone mana bhASA sAdhya nathI, kevaLa sAdhana che. e kAraNe ja teo rUDha taLapadI ane saraLa tathA pravAhI bAnImAM potAno ciMtanabhAra rajU kare che. vedAMtanA atigahana siddhAnto, khaMDanamaMDananI lapamAM paDyA sivAya, A kavioe je vANImAM rajU karyA che te vANI aNaghaDa grAmya, karkaza, ane kaThora paNa haze, chatAM sAMbhaLanArAnAM haiyAM zabdabANe vIMdhI nAkhavAnI AgavI zakti emAM che. A bhaktonI bhASAmAM bhASAonuM Aje hasavA jevuM lAge tevuM saMmizraNa che enI nA nahi, paNa satsaMga ne paryaTana dvArA emaNe je jJAna meLavyuM, je mAhitI meLavI, je anubhavo meLavyA, e sauno samanvaya emaNe sAcA dharmabodha ne jJAnopadeza mATe karyo che, ane ema karI, lokakalyANanuM atyaMta mahatvanuM kArya emaNe karyuM che. UMcanIcanA, rAya-raMkanA, paMDita-prAkRtajananA bhedone emaNe hasI kADhyA che, samAjanI kurUDhio ane badIo dUra karavA mATe emaNe AkarAM veNa uccAya che. ajJAnI jIvone temanI mohadazAmAMthI bahAra lAvavA jJAnopadezano mahApuruSArtha Adaryo che. aMdhabhakti ane zuSkajJAnano upahAsa karatA A saMtoe vedAMta jevA darzanane bhaktinA sadupadeza mATe apanAvyuM che, bhaktine darzananA siddhAMto

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akhA pachInI zAnamArgI kavitA 447. mATe AgaLa nathI ANI ane tethI prasaMgavazAta, brahma, jIva, jagata, mAyA, mokSa jevA paraMparAgata viSayo emanA kavanamAM sahajabhAve Ameja thayA che. saguNa ane nirguNa bane bhaktine upAsanA, jIva-brahmanA abhedanA upadeza sAthe ja emaNe upadezI che. jagata jUThuM che. mAyA jAtajAtanAM AkarSaka rUpo dhArI ajJAnI jIvane chetare che. kALanA paMjAmAMthI koI chaTakI zakatuM nathI. tethI sadgurune zaraNe jaI tenA upadezane AcaraNamAM mUkI, haribhajanane pratApe jagatanI jaMjALamAMthI chUTI AtmasvarUpane pAmo evo ekadhAro upadeza, vaividhyanI jemAM khAmI varatAtI nathI evI preraka vANImAM, ApaNA A kavioe karyo che ane muktino sIdho mArga cIMdhyo che. vasto vivaMbhara jJAnamArgI kavitAnI paraMparAmAM vastI vizvabhara brahmAnubhavanA AlekhanamAM tathA premalakSaNA bhaktinI rIte kavitA lakhanAra eka viziSTa kavi hato. khaMbhAta pAsenA sakarapurA gAmano e vatanI hato ne Aje paNa tyAMnA khAravAo enI samAdhinuM pUjana kare che. e audicya ToLakiyo brAhmaNa hato ema paNa kahevAyuM che. rAmAnaMdI saMpradAyanA eka mahaMta vizvabharadAsajIno ene samAgama thayo ne emanI pAse eNe dIkSA lIdhI. potAnA nAma sAthe gurunuM nAma joDIne e vasto vizvabhara thayo. enA bIjA eka guru (saMbhavataH vizvabharadAsajInA paNa guru) amaradAsajInuM nAma eNe potAnI eka kRti "amarapurI gItA' sAthe joDyuM che. kavinI ThIkaThIka kRtiomAM mAsa-tithi sAthenA varSanirdezo maLe che. paraMtu lAMbI kahI zakAya evI traNa kRtiomAM be-traNa mAsanuM ja aMtara darzAvatA mAsa-varSa ullekho hovAthI e enAM racanA karyAnAM varSa nahIM paNa lahiyAoe nakala karyAnAM varSa haze evo vidvAnono mata che. e matane svIkArIe to AthI judAM varSo darzAvatI enI kRtiomAM paNa racyAsaMvata nahIM paNa lekhana-saMvata che ema svIkAravuM paDe. jJAnamArgI-paraMparAnAM gItAkAvyo, sAkhIo, kakko, pado uparAMta dANalIlA, tithi, mAsa, thALa garabI rUpe maLatAM premalakSaNAbhaktinAM pado eNe racyAM che. 427 kaDInI 8 adhyAyanI vastugItA', 700 uparAMta sAkhIonI 'amarapurI-gItA (I. 1775/saM. 1831, jeTha vada-6, guruvAra),guruziSyasaMvAdarUpe racAyelI copAInI 507 kaDIonI vastuvilAsa (I. 1775/saM. 1831, adhika vaizAkha vada-11) - e kRtiomAM advaitavicAranuM saraLa paNa asarakAraka nirUpaNa che. "AtmajJAna ko' 'guruvaMdana ko' vagere jevAM 88 aMgomAM vaheMcAyelI, vrajanI chAMTavALI gujarAtImAM

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448 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 : racAyelI 2641 jeTalI 'sAkhIo'(I. 1775/saM. 1831, phAgaNa vada-2, zanivA2) mAM brahmabhAvanA anubhavavAno bodha, vividha dRSTAMtothI kavie Apyo che. A uparAMta, jIva ane brahmanA abhedane nirUpato 'kakko' (I. 1786/saM. 1842, Aso suda6 guruvAra), manuSyanI bhaMguratA ane IzvarasmaraNano bodha ApatAM 'cetavaNI' nAmanAM 19 pado, bahmAnubhava AlekhatAM nava-nava kaDInA 10 'maMgalla' tathA nirguNopAsanA viSayanAM ne premabhaktinA sparzavALAM ghaNAM pado A kavie racyAM che. kavinI A kRtiomAM 'vastugItA' ane pado vizeSa noMdhapAtra che. gujarAtI jJAnamArgI dhArAnAM gItAkAvyonI paraMparAmAM mahattvanI Thare evI vastugItA'mAM kavie pahelA 7 adhyAyomAM advaitavicArane lAkSaNika rIte nirUpyo che ne chellA adhyAyamAM agAunA sAte adhyAyanI carcAno sAra Apato upasaMhAra karyo che. jarUra lAgI tyAM dRSTAMto AlekhIne paNa bahudhA sIdho ja tattvavicArane lakSya karIne kavie jIva-ziva-bheda, mAyAnI lIlA, paMcIkaraNa-prakriyA, jIva-brahmanI ekatA, AtmAsvarUpanI prAptinA mArga, jIva ane parabrahmanuM svarUpa, jJAna ane bhakti dvArA izvara sAthe sAyujyano anubhava, AdinuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. vastA vithaMbharanAM padomAM paraMparA-mujaba sAcA saMta ne gurunAM varNana ne lakSaNo, brahmanuM Alekhana Adi jovA maLe che paNa e sAthe ja, akhAnI yAda apAve evI, mithyAcArI, daMbhI, vitaMDAvAdIonI AkarI TIkA paNa nirUpaNa pAmI che. premalakSaNAbhaktine nirUpatAM enAM padomAM prema-bhaktino mahimA che paraMtu kavinuM vedAMtIpaNuM emAM satata eka tAranI jema joDAyeluM rahyuM che. jemake vArI jAuM re tAharA nAmane mAhArA jyuganA jIvanaprAMNa agocarya IMdrI thako su jAMNe jAMNa sujAMNa tyAre tane ollakhe jAAre hoe anubhavabhAMNa' A kavinAM padomAM vividha lokoktio paNa gUMthAI che. eNe emanAM padone jIvaMta ne rasaprada karyAM che. 2 akhA bhakta pachInI jJAnamArgI paraMparAno jyAre ApaNe vicAra karIe tyAre sauthI pahelAM to akhA bhaktanA ziSyonI paraMparA ja ApaNI sAme khaDI thAya che. akhAnA gurubhAIo tarIke gopAladAsa, narahira ane buTAjInAM nAma suprasiddha che. gopAle (I. 1649) 'gopAlagItA'mAM vedAMtanI saraLa samajUtI ApI che ane jJAnasAkhIo, rAsalIlA tathA kRSNabhaktinAM pado paNa lakhyAM che. buTiyo paNa A paraMparAno kavi

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akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA 449 che ane padomAM enI advaita siddhAMtanI samaja pragaTa thAya che. bhagavAnadAsa (I.16 25-90) ane dhanadAse paNa gItA-paraMparAnAM kAvyo ApyAM che. paNa akhAnI paraMparAnA saMtonAM nAma eTalAM jANItAM nathI. akhAnA ziSyomAM sauthI vadhu jANItA che saMta lAladAsa (I.1644 AsapAsa). emanAM bhajano 'sAga2' mahArAje saMpAdita karela 'saMtonI vANI'mAM maLe che. 'jJAnaraveNI' 1-2, 'vanaramaNI' 1-2-3, ane sAkhIo maLIne lAladAsajInI kula 42 kRtio 'saMtonI vANI'mAM prasiddha thaI che. saMta lAladAsajInA ziSya harikRSNajIe paNa vedAMtanAM pado sArI saMkhyAmAM lakhyAM che. 'bRhat kAvyadohana'nA pahelA bhAgamAM gaurIbAInAM agiyAra pado prasiddha thayelAM, paNa te pachI gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAyaTI taraphthI prasiddha thayela 'gaurIkIrtanamALA'mAM je moTI saMkhyAmAM pado prasiddha thayAM te uparathI jaNAya che ke gaurIbAI (I.1744 AsapAsa) samartha vedAntI strI-kavi hatAM ane emane akhAnI praNAlikA sAthe sAMkaLavAmAM Ave che. A gaurIbAI harikRSNajInA ziSya jitA muni nArAyaNanAM ziSya jaNAya che. A jitA muni nArAyaNe paNa Atmatattva' vicAranAM pado ane sAkhIo racI che. emanA ziSya kalyANadAsajIe (I.1764 AsapAsa) sAkhIo, pado, 'ajagarabodha' (pu.) 51kaDInI racanA jevI kRtio racI AtmAnubhavanI dazAnuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. saMta lAladAsajInA eka bIjA ziSya hatA jIvaNadAsa (I.1744 AsapAsa), emaNe 'naMdikazoranA mahinA', 'navacAturI', 'vedAMtanAM pado', jJAnakakko, vagere jJAnamUlaka kRtio racI che. vaLI 'kevaLapurIkRta kavitA' nAme prAcIna kAvyamALA'mAM graMthastha thayela kAvyonA racanAra kevaLapurI (I.1759-1848) harikRSNajInA ziSya hatA ane eka samartha vedAMtIkavi tarIke ApaNe emane gaNI zakIe tema chIe. emanI bhASAmAM cAraNI, mAravADI temaja hindI zabdono Thera Thera upayoga jovAmAM Ave che. naDiyAdanA suprasiddha saMtarAma mahArAja paNa akhAnI paraMparAmAM ja sthAna pAme che. bIjA aneka saMtoe jJAnamArgI kavitA lakhI che. gujarAtI bhajanonA saMgraho upara najara nAkhatAM A vAtanI pratIti thaze. soraThI saMta mULadAsa (I.16551779) emanAM marmIlAM bhajano mATe prakhyAta che. jJAnavairAgya, yoga ane kRSNapremanI triveNIno saMgama emanAM bhajanomAM maLe che. akhAnA samakAlIna bhANadAsa (I.1659 AsapAsa) emanI vedAMtI kRti hastAmalaka' (I.1651)mATe jANItA che ane emanI bIjI jANItI kRti 'ajagara avadhUta saMvAda' 52 kaDInI kRti te emanI aprasiddha kRti, prahlAda AkhyAna'no eka bhAga che. jemaNe akhAnA

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450 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 jeTalI ja prabaLa ane prahAraka vANImAM karma-kAMDa, mUrtipUjana, tapa-tIratha vagere sAdhano dvArA thatI laukika bhaktine cAbakhA lagAvI vairAgyabodhaka, jJAnopadezanAM saMkhyAbaMdha gujarAtI ane hindI pado racyAM che te svAmI saccidAnaMda, pUrvAzramanA manohara (I.16 76 --1733) kevalAdvaita vedAMtanA samartha puraskartAomAMnA eka che. anya jJAnAzrayI kaviomAM "jJAnagItA' ane "jJAnamULa'nA kartA jagajIvana, 'hastAmalaka' narabodha' jevI kRtio racanAra zrIdeva, zivagItA' "zrI harigItA', "viSNupada' cAturIo' vagere kRtiono prasiddha lekhaka nAtha bhavAna urphe anubhavAnaMda temaja cetavaNI 'adhyAtma rAmAyaNa' pado vagere lakhanAra prAgajIne gaNAvI zakAya. saMtavANIno bIjo eka pravAha kabIrapaMthI saMto pAsethI Avyo che. temAM bhANasAheba, ravisAheba, dAsI-jIvaNa, khImasAheba, morArasAheba, hothI vagere saMtonAM nAmo savizeSa ullekhapAtra che. nirAMtanI ziSyaparaMparAmAM dayALadAse, kahAnadAsa, maMchArAma, dolatarAma, goviMdarAma, gaNapatarAma, zyAmadAsa, dharamagiri, nArAyaNagiri, vagerenAM nAmo ApaNane maLe che. jemaNe brahmajJAnanAM ane vairAgyabodhanAM thoDAMka pado paNa lakhyAM hoya evA kavionI saMkhyA ghaNI moTI thavA jAya che. bhinna bhinna sthaLethI prasiddha thayela bhajanasaMgrahomAMthI A badhAM nAmo bhegAM thaI zake. A badhA saMto aMge keTalIka noMdhapAtra vigato lakSamAM levA jevI che, emAMnA moTA bhAganA saMto jIvananA AraMbhakALamAM sAmAnya saMsArAsakta mAnavIo hatA. gurukRpA, satsaMga ane AtmAnubhUtine kAraNe emanI Asakti dUra thaI ane teo anAsakta banyA. sAdhanAnA muzkela mArga dvArA emaNe AtmakalyANa prApta karyuM ane lokakalyANa mATe prayAso AdaryA ema jaNAya che ke jIvananA keTalAka sAmAnya prasaMgo parathI ja temane jagata pratye virAga pedA thayo hato ane teo adhyAtmamArge vaLyA hatA. emAMnA ghaNA ramatA rAmoe gujarAtane gAmaDe gAmaDe ghUmI samAjanA nIcalA tharanA lokonI sevA karI che. A saMtone nirguNamArgI tarIke oLakhAvavAnI jarUra nathI, kema ke temaNe ekAntika bhAve nirguNanI zodha, manana ne ciMtana nathI karyA. saguNa sAthe teo asaMmata nathI thayA. jJAnano Azraya levA chatAM kevaLa zuSka jJAnanI emaNe vAto nathI karI. jJAna ane bhaktimAM emaNe bheda pADyo nathI, teo hatA svAnubhavI ane samanvayavAdI eTale emane oLakhAvavA hoya to anubhavArthI, jJAnI, svarUpAnusaMdhAnI ke marmI tarIke oLakhavA vadhu yogya che. teo sau pravAsI che adhyAtma mArganA, kavitA racIne kavi tarIke oLakhAvAnuM emanuM dhyeya nathI, paNa premabhakti ane jJAnanI vAtothI alakha jagAvI, nyAtajAta

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akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA 451 temaja dharmanA bhedabhAvone miTAvI daI, ekezvaravAda ane virATa manuSyadharmanI sthAnA karavI e ja emanuM dhyeya hatuM ane tethI ja emane ApaNe prAMtavAdanA kocalAmAM pUrI nahIM zakIe. A badhA saMto bAhyAcAronA khaMDanamAM tathA zIla, saMyama ane sadAcAra jevA guNonA samarthanamAM rAcatA jaNAya che, samAjadRSTie joIe to emane ApaNe ucca koTinA sudhAraka gaNavA paDe evI sthiti che. saMsAranI ane dehanI kSaNabhaMguratAnAM gANAM emaNe bhale gAyAM hoya paNa te badhA pAchaLano temano uddeza lokone IzvarAbhimukha karI sadAcArano pATha zIkhavavAno che ane tethI ja bhASAsAhityanI dRSTie nahIM paNa lokakalyANanI dRSTie A sau saMtonI vANInuM gaurava karavA jevuM che. bhAratIya saMskRtinA A sau sAcA saMrakSako che ema je kahevAmAM AvyuM che eno virodha thaI zake tevuM nathI. makaraMda dave kahe che tema saMtakavinI aMtardaSTi pahelI khUle che ane emanI vANI pachIthI pragaTe che. emanI sRSTimAM jeTalo Agraha koI paNa bhoge maulAneparamAtmAne maLavAno che teTalo Agraha maulikatAno nathI. kaLA ane kasaba tarIke kAvyanI temane kazI ja visAta nathI. anubhavanA UMDANamAMthI ApameLe emanI vANI phUTe che ane e ja dRSTie e vANIne vadhAvavI ghaTe che. * vastA vizvabhara vizenuM lakhANa ramaNa sonInuM che. saM. 000

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saMdarbhagraMthasUci (1) sAmAnya kAMTAvALA, haragoviMdadAsa, ane nAthAlAla zAstrI, prAcIna kAvyamALA. koThArI, jayaMta ane jayaMta gADIta(saMpA.), gujarAtI sAhityakoza khaMDa-1, 1989 jhaverI : Jhaveri K. M, Milestones in Gujarati Literature, 1914 tripAThI : Tripathi G. M., Classical Poets of Gujarat, 1916 desAI, icchArAma sU. (saMpA.), bRhat kAvyadohana bhAga 1 thI 8, 1903-1913 desAI, ramaNika zrIpatarAya, prAcIna kavio ane temanI kRtio, 1949 majamudAra, maMjulAla, gujarAtI sAhityanAM svarUpo padyavibhAga), 1954 mahetA, candrakAnta, madhyakALanA sAhityaprakAro, (saMvardhita A.)2000 mAMkaDa, Dola22Aya, gujarAtI kAvyaprakAro 1964. munazI, kanaiyAlAla (saMpA.) madhyakAlano sAhityapravAha', 1929. munazI : Munshi K. M., Gujarat and Its Literature, 1934 rAvaLa, anaMtarAya, gujarAtI sAhitya(madhyakAlIna), 1954, 1963. vaidya, vijayarAya, gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA, 1949. zAstrI, kezavarAma kA.., ApaNA kavio, 1942; kavicarita 1-2, 1952; gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhAdarzana, 1951; hastalikhita pratonI saMkalita yAdI. prakaraNa 2 : madhyakALanA sAhityaprakAro 453 kAlelakara da. bA., kAkAsAheba, jIvanabhAratI, 1931. jozI, umAzaMkara, akho-eka adhyayana, 1941, 1974. jozI, umAzaMkara ane harivallabha bhAyANI, premAnaMdakRta dazamaskaMdha, 1966. ThAkora, baLavaMtarAya, lirika, 1928. trivedI, cimanalAla, nAkara-eka adhyayana, 1966. diveTiyA, narasiMharAva, manomukura-1, 1924

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454 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 gujarAtI lengaveja enDa liTarecara, 1929, dhruva, kezavalAla ha, sAhitya ane vivecana-1, 1941. paramAra, jayamala, ApaNI lokasaMskRti, 1950. parIkha, rasikalAla, (saMpA.) kAvyAnuzAsana hemacandra), 1917. pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa, arvAcIna kAvyasAhityanAM vaheNo, 1947, arvAcIna gujarAtI kAvyasAhitya, 1935 kAvyanI zakti 1939, nabhovihAra, 196 1, bRhatapiMgala, 1961. pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa ane govardhana paMcAla, rAsa garabI, 1954. majamudAra, maMjulAla, (saMpA.) "sAhityakAra akho'1949, (saMpA.) sAhityakAra premAnaMda', 1938 vallabha bhaTTa' 1964, (saMpA.) "sAhityakAra zAmaLa', 1940. mahetA, candravadana lirika ane lagarIka 1965. munazI, kanaiyAlAla, narasaiyo bhakta harino' 1935. meghANI, jhaveracaMda, 'loka sAhityanAM vaheNo' 1946, dharatInuM dhAvaNa' 1937, "cAraNo ane cAraNI sAhitya' 1936. vaidya, vijayarAya, jUI ane ketakI 1939 vyAsa, kAntilAla, (saMpA.)'kAnhaDadeprabandha' (padmanAbha), 1959, zAstrI, vrajalAla, gujarAtI bhASAno ItihAsa' 1988. prakaraNa 3: jainasAhitya (1) ojhA, dazaratha, 'rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya" (hiMdI) 1960. kApaDiyA, hI. 2, phArbasa traimAsika 1971-72 mAMnI lekhamALA | gujarAtI jaina sAhitya : rAsa saMdoha. jesalapurA, zivalAla, (saMpA.) nemiraMgaratnAkara chaMda 1965, lAvaNya samayanI laghu kAvyakRtio' 1969. jhaverI, jIvaNacaMdra, sA. (saMpA.)AnaMda kAvyamahodadhi mauktika 1-8, 1927. ThAkora, ba. ka. ema. DI. desAI, ema. sI, modI, gurjara rAsAvali' 1956 . desAI, mohanalAla dalIcaMda, 'jena sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa' 1933. (saMpA.) jaina gUrjara kavio' 1-3 jaina rAsamALA' puravaNI.)

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mahetA, ma. bI. ki., jaina rAsamAlA' 1909, vijayadharmasUri, aitihAsika rAsasaMgraha' 1-2, 1972- 1973. vaidya, bhAratI, madhyakAlIna rAsasAhitya' 1966. vyAsa, maNilAla ba.,(saMpA.) 'vimalaprabaMdha' 1913, zAha, dhIrajalAla dha.,(saMpA.) 'vimalaprabaMdha' 1965. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla(saMpA.) mahIrAjakRta 'nala-davadaMtIrAsa' vividha pUjAsaMgraha (zrI jaina prakAzana maMdira). saMdarbhagraMthasUci 455 prakaraNa 4 : narasiMha griyarsana, jaoNrja e., 'moDarna hinduijhama eNnDa ITsa DeTa Tu dha naeNsToriyansa', jarnala oNpha dhI royala eNziyATika sosAyaTI' 1907, tripAThI, govardhanarAma, pariSada pramukhonAM bhASaNo' 1941, 1974, diveTiyA, caitanyabALA, (saMpA.) 'narasiMha mahetAkRta cAturI' 1949. diveTiyA, narasiMharAva, gujarAtI laeNngveja eNnDa liTarecara' 1932. desAI, icchArAma sU, narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha' 1913. dhruva, AnaMdazaMkara, 'kAvyatattvavicAra' 1947, munazI, kanaiyAlAla, 'narasaiyo bhakta harino' 1952. zAstrI, ke. kA.,(saMpA.) 'na2sa mahetAnAM pada' 1965 'narasiMha mahetA' 1972, (saMpA) 'narasiMha mahetAkRta 'AtmacaritanAM kAvyo' 1969 narasiMha maheto-eka adhyayana' 1971, hastaprato : gujarAta vidyAsabhA : hA. naM. 1730 ane phArbasasabhA : hapra. naM. 149, prakaraNa - 5 : AdibhaktiyuganA kavio; prakaraNa 6: bhAlaNa AcArya, harinArAyaNa, (saMpA.) 'aMgadaviSTi' (bhAlaNa) 'buddhiprakAza'. kavi, narmadAzaMkara, 'narmakoza', 1873 kAMTAvALA, ma. ha., 'sAhitya' (mAsika) varSa -11. kAMTAvALA, ha. dvA., (saMpA.) 'caMDI AkhyAna' (bhAlaNakRta 'saptazatI', prAcIna-kAvya- traimAsika), 'nalAkhyAna' (bIjuM) (bhAlaNakRta, prAcIna kAvya graMtha-11) 'dazamaskaMdha' (bhAlaNa), 'rAmAyaNa' (uddhava). kRSNamizra, (saMpA.) 'prabodha-candrodaya'

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456 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 jAnI, aMbAlAla bu. (saMpA.) harilIlASoDazakalA (bhIma) 1928, jesalapurA zivalAla, (saMpA.) "abhivana Ujhar (dehala) 1962 diveTiyA caitanyabALA (saMpA) narasiMha mahetAkRta cAturI' 1949 derAsarI DAhyAbhAI, (saMpA.) 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha' (padmanAbha), 1913 desAI IcchArAma, narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha 1913 bRhata kAvyadohana' graMtha 1, 6. dhruva kezavalAla ha, paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvya' 1927. pArekha, hI. tri. (saMpA.)gujarAtavidyAsabhA hali.pustakasaMgraha | (dalapatarAmanA nAmano), majamudAra maMjulAla, (saMpA.) "abhimanyu AkhyAna', 1926 munazI, kanaiyAlAla, (saMpA.) "narasiMha yuganA kavio' modI, rAmalAla, bhAlaNakRta be naLAkhyAna' 1924, bhAlaNa, uddhava ane bhIma, 1945 rAvaLa, zacha. (saMpA.) prabodhabatrIsI' (bhIma), 1930 rAvaNa-maMdodarI saMvAda (zrIdhara), varmA, dhIrendra, vrajabhASA vyAkaraNa vaidya, vijayarAya, kaumudI' (mAsika, 1921). zAstrI, ke. kA. (saMpA.) "kAdaMbarI' pUrvArdha-uttarArdha bhAlaNa) 1969, kAdaMbarI-adhyayana' 1968, narasiMha maheto : eka adhyayana' 1971, (saMpA.) "nalAkhyAna' (bhAlaNa) 1957, (saMpA.) prabodhaprakAza' (bhIma) 1936, (saMpA.). 'virATaparva(nAkara) 1936, zrI vallabhAcArya mahAprabhujI' 1954, (saMpA.) "hArasamenAM pada ane hAramALA' (bIjI AvRtti) 1950. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla, (saMpA.) "uSAharaNa' (vIrasiMha) 1938 prakaraNa 7 : prabaMdha sAhitya ane padmanAbha jinavijayajI, (saMpA.) purAtana prabandhasaMgraha jinabhadra), 1936. derAsarI, DAhyAbhAI (saMpA.)'kAnhaDade prabandha', 1913 dhruva, kezavalAla (saMpA.) paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvya' 1927. majamudAra, maMjulAla (saMpA.) "mAdhavAnalakAmakandalaprabandha' gaNapati 1942. vyAsa, kAntilAla (saMpA.), 'kAnhaDaprabandha padmanAbha)-aMgrejI prastAvanA sAthe, 1953

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saMdarbhagraMthasUci 457 'kama.' khaMDa1-2.-guja.prastA. ane TippaNa sAthe, 1959 'kAnhaDade prabandha - eka vizeSa adhyayana' "saMskRti 1960. vyAsa, maNilAla (saMpA.), "vimalaprabandha lAvaNamAsamaya) 1913, zAha, dharajalAla (saMpA.), "vimalaprabandha' (adhyayana sAthe) sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla, amRtakalazakRta hamIabadhU eka saMkSipta paricaya-noMdha svAdhyAya' dIpotsavI 2020. prakaraNa 8: phagusAhitya - jaina ane jainetara jAnI, aMbAlAla bu.(saMpA.)kAyasthakavi kezavadAsakRta 'kRSNalIlAkAvya' (emAM enuM vasantavilAsa' kAvya aMtargata che), 1933. jinavijayajI, (saMpA.)*zrI devaratnasUriphAga', 1926. ThAkora, ba. ka.,madhusUdana modI, mohanalAla da. desAI (saMpA.), neminAtha phAgu, 1956 dalAla, caMdulAla (sI.DI. dalAla), 'sirithUlibhadrasAgu jinapadmasUri, prAgukAvyasaMgraha 1920. desAI, mohanalAla,(saMpA.) mANikyasuMdarasUrikRta nemIzvaracarita phagabaMdha', zrI AtmAnaMda zatAbdI smArakagraMtha 1936, dharmavijaya, muni (saMpA.) "zamAmRtama tathA raMgasAgara nemiphAga" 1923. dhruva, ke. ha, prAcIna gurjara kAvya' (saM.) 1927. bhAyANI, harivallabha, (saMpA.) harivilAsa - madhyakAlIna jainetara phAga-kAvya, "svAdhyAya', saM.2021. munazI, kanaiyAlAla, (saMpA.) "nArAyaNaphAgu', phArbasa traimAsika graMtha-1, aMka 4, 1937 MEL : Modi Madhusudan, (ed.) Vasant Vilas, Rajasthan Oriental Series rAvaLa, ravizaMkara, (saMpA.) "sva. hAjI mahammada smAraka graMtha' 1992 vyAsa, kAntilAla, (saMpA.) vasantavilAsa - prAcIna gujarAtI phaga kAvya,1957, (ed.) Vasant Vilas of Soniram, Pub. in Appendix III of V. V. saMpA.) paMdaramA zatakanAM cAra phAgukAvyo 1955. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla, ane somAlAla pU.pArekha, saMpA.) "prAcIna phAgu saMgraha', 1955. W. Norman Brown,(ed.) The Vasant Vilas - With an Introduction, American Oriental Society, 1962 prakaraNa 9 : mIrAM kavi, narmadAzaMkara lAlazaMkara, jUnuM narmagadya' 186 5. kavi, nhAnAlAla dalapatarAma, "sAhityamanthana' 1924.

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458 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 jaMbusariyA, naTavaralAla 2, "mIrAMbAIno kAlanirNaya' (gu.sA.pa.no ahevAla) 1928. ThAkora, balavantarAya ka., lirika' 1928. tArAporavAlA, IrAka je. esa. (saMpA.) Selections from Classical Gujarati Literature, Vol. I, 1924 tripAThI, IcchArAma sU. (saMpA.), bRhat kAvyadohana' graMtha 1,2,5,6,7; 1887-1911 tripAThI, govardhanarAma mA, pariSada pramukhonAM bhASaNo' 1941 tripAThI, tanasukharAma ma "mIrAMbAInuM saMpUrNa jIvanavRtta' ('bRhat kAvyadohana-7) 1911 trivedI, bhUpendra bA, (saMpA.) "mIrAMbAInAM vadhu gujarAtI pado' 1969, diveTiyA, harasiddhabhAI va. (saMpA.) mIrAMbAInAM bhajano' 1960. dhruva, AnaMdazaMkara bA. (1) "ApaNo dharma' 1916. (2) "kAvyatattvavicAra' 1939, paMcolI, manubhAI ('darzaka') "mIrAMnI sAdhanA' ('saMskRti' 1955), | 'virahanI zaraNAI (saMskRti 1958). pAThaka, rAmanArAyaNa vi. nabhovihAra' 196 1, kAvyaparizIlana, 1965 majamudAra, maMjulAla 2, "mIrAMbAI-eka manana' 1961. mahetA, bhAnusukharAma ni, mIrAMbAI 1918. " munazI, kanaiyAlAla mA, keTalAka lekho-1' 1926, madhyakAlano sAhityapravAha khaMDa -5 1929, thoDAMka rasadarzano' 1933.2 Goetz, Hermann, Mirabai, Journal of Gujarat Research society, April 1956 Ranade, Rambhau D., Tlie Conception of Spiritual Life in Mahatma Gandhi and Hindi Saints, 1956 prakaraNa 10: akhAnA purogAmI jJAnamArgI kavio jozI, umAzaMkara, 'akho-eka adhyayana', 1973. jozI, sureza, naraharinI jJAnagItA', jJAnamArgI paraMparAnA abhyAsasahita), 1978 trivedI, bhUpendra (saMpA.) "mIrAMnAM pado', 196 2. desAI, icchArAma, (saMpA) narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha', 1913, bR. kA. dohana,' bhAga 1 thI 8. purANI, aMbubhAI, mA poMDecarI prakAzana), 1970. majamudAra, maMjulAla, 'sAhityakAra akho', 1949. vyAsa, maNibhAI, (saMpA.), mAMDaNakRta prabodhabatrIzI 1930. sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla, (saMpA), 'sattaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvyo'. 1948.

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prakaraNa 11 : akho kavi, narmadAzaMkara, jUnuM narmagadya' : kavijIvana, 1965 kuMvara, caMdraprakAzasiMha, (saMpA.), akSaya2sa,1963 jAnI, aMbAlAla bu.,'akhAbhakta ane temanI kavitA' (trIjI sAhitya pariSadano riporTa),1909 jozI, umAzaMkara, (saMpA.), 'akhAnA chappA', 1953, saMdarbhagraMthasUci 459 'akho-eka adhyayana' (saMzodhita-saMvardhita bIjI AvRtti) 1973, 'gujarAta sAhityasabhAnI kAryavAhI' 1942-43, 'akho- eka praznottarI', juo, 'nirIkSA', 1960, 'samasaMvedana' 1965. jozI, umAzaMkara ane ramaNalAla jozI,(saMpA.) 'akhegItA', 1967. jozI, ravizaMkara ma., (saMpA.) akhAkRta 'anubhavabindu', 1944. Thakkara, kezavalAla aMbAlAla, 'philaoNsaoNphI oNpha akhAjI' (apragaTa mahAnibaMdha), 1935 zrI akhAjInI sAkhIo, (saM. pra. bhagavAnajI mahArAja, kahAnavA) 1952. tripAThI, jagannAtha dA., (sAgara), aprasiddha akSayavANI, 1932. tripAThI, yogendra ja., akho ane madhyakAlIna saMtaparaMparA', 1972. trivedI, anasUyA bhUpendra, ane bhUpendra trivedI,(saMpA.), vedAMtI kavi akhAkRta cALIsa chappA aparanAma anubhavabindu, 1964. trivedI, bhUpendra (saMpA.), 'akhegItA', 1958, 'kiva na2hirakRta jJAnagItA' 1964. trivedI, viSNuprasAda, vrajarAya, desAI, (saMpA.), 'akhegItA' 1957. diveTiyA, narasiMharAva bho., 'gujarAtI lengveja eNnDa liTarecara' 1932. desAI, icchArAma sU., (saMpA.), 'bRhatakAvyadohana' bhA.3 prastAvanA. dhruva, kezavalAla ha., (saMpA.),'anubhavabindu' 1953. mahetA, narmadAzaMkara de, 'akho' (rA. ba. kamaLAzaMkara smAraka vyAkhyAnamALA) 1927, akhAkRta kAvyo bhAga-1, 1931, jayantI vyAkhyAno, 1940, mahetA, zaMbhuprasAda, 'akho, eno upadeza tathA eno samaya' 'vasanta' varSa3, aMka6,8,10. rAvaLa, zaMkaprasAda che. (saMpA.) mADaNa badhArAkRta prabodhabatrIzI vyAsa, kAntilAla, 'akhAnA samakAlIna samAjanuM rekhAdarzana' (gujarAta saMzodhana maMDaLa traimAsika, eprila 1942) svAmI, svayaMjyoti, 'akhAnI vANI' 1944.

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460 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 prakaraNa 12 : akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitA cAvaDA, kisanasiMha go., 'kabIra saMpradAya' 1937 tripAThI, yogendra ja., akho ane madhyakAlIna saMtaparaMparA' 1972. dave, makaranda, (saMpA.) 'sata kerI vANI' 1970, nAgara, aMbAzaMkara, pAThaka, ramaNalAla, 'gujarAta ke saMto kI hindI vANI' 1966. mahArAjazrI gopAlarAma, 'zrI nirAMtakAvya', vaDodarA. mahArAjazrI manasukharAma, 'zrI gurumukhavANI' sAvaliyA, manasukhalAla, bhojA bhaktano kAvyaprasAda' sastuM sAhityanAM prakAzano : (1) 'dhIrA bhagatanAM pado', (2) 'prItamadAsanI vANI' (3) bhajanasAga2', (4) 'bhojA bhagatanA cAbakhA', (5) manaharapada'. ooo

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46 1 zabdasUci [madhyakAlIna kartA-kRtione temaja arvAcIna vidvAno ane emanA graMthone samAvatI A sUcimAM kRtio ane graMthone avataraNacihnothI darzAvyAM che. - rAjeza paMDyA akhAkRta kAvyo' 428 - 431 agaDadattarAsa' (kalyANasAgara,88 akhAjInA kuMDaLiyA' 394 agaDadattarAsa' (kuzaLalAbha) 93 akhAnA chappA' 388 agaDadattarAsa' (guNavijaya) "akhAjInA jhUlaNA' 394 (bhIma) 89 'akhAjInI jakaDI" 394 (sumatimuni) 102 'akhAjInI sAkhIo' 386, 429, 430, agiyAra-bola-sajhAya' 85 akhAjIno kakko' 393 'agnipurANa' 16 'akhAnA chappA' 379, 385, 323, 396, 'agnirathacopAI 101 405, 410- 418, 421,422, "ajagara avadhUta saMvAda 449 423, 420, 428, 431 "ajagarabodha' 449 akhAnI vANI' 388, 428, 430 "ajAputra copAI 89 akhegItA' 4, 58, 19, 383, 385, "ajAputra rAsa' (dharmadeva) 89 387, 390 391, 392, 393, 395, (vijayadevasUri) 87 36. 398 - 405, 406, 408, 409, "arjunegItA' 11 410, 414, 417, 419, 420, 420, "aDhAra nAtarAMnI sajhAya' 94 428, 429 aDhAra pApasthAnanI sajhAya' 32, 34 akho 4, 10, 11, 13, 18, 24, 58, 6 1, "aDhAra-pApasthAna-parihAra-bhASA' 87 108, 109, 173, 178, 211, 212, "aticAra-copAI' 85 365 366, 36 7, 371, 375, 376, "atharvaveda 407 381-431, 422, 423, 432, 433, "advaitasiddhi 383 443, 448, 449 'adhyAtma rAmAyaNa' (prAgajI) akho : eka adhyayana' 63, 428, 429, "adhyAtma sAramAlA' 450 43), 431 'anavarakAvya' 14

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46 2 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa- 1 'anavaramiyAM kAjI'- 14 'anubhavabiMdu' 387, 390 391, 392, 393, 395, 396, 40pa-410, 417, 422, 423, 427, 429 ('a. bi. ke. 2. dhU. saMpA.') 429, 430 anubhavAnanda (nAtha bhavAna)450 'aprasiddha akSayavANI' 429, 430 abhinavaguptapAda427 abhimanyuAkhyAna' (tApIdAsa) 11 premAnaMda) 51 (janatApI) 220, 227 'abhivana UjhaNuM 220, 227, 228 amadvAra 85 'amarapurIgItA' 447 amarabAI 12 'amaramitrAnaMda rAsa" 102 'amararatnasUriphAgu' 293 'amarasena-vayaramena-copAI89 'amarasenavayarasena-rAsa (kamalaharSa) 103 'amaruzataka' 257, 279, 280 amIpAla 89 'amRtakacolAM' 9 amRtakalaza 257, 259 aravinda maharSi 379 'adghavirAranAmuM (rustama) 10, 13 avasthAnirUpaNa' 394 azokarohiNIrAsa' 17, 46 azvaghoSa 416 'aSADhabhUti-rAsa' 89 'aSTakarmavicAra' 87 aSTapadI (jayadeva) 7 asAIta 9 "ahanizirAsa'375 aMgadaviSTi' (kIku vasahI) 219 (zAmaLa) 220 aMcalamatasvarUpavarNana 102 aMjanAsuMdarIprabandha' 102 'aMtakAla-ArAdhanA-phala' 87 'aMtarika-pArzvanAtha chanda 78 'abaDakathAnakacopAI 98 (bhAva) 89 aMbadevasUri 253, 274 aMbAlAla sAkaralAla 354 'aMbikAchanda' (kIrtimarU) 62 aMbikAno chanda' 62 AgamamANikya 293 AcArya harinArAyaNa gi. 226 AjJAsuMdara 88 'AThakarma-copAI 88 ANaMdameru 88 ANaMdasoma 90, 103 'AtmacaritanAM pado' (narasiMha) 111, 197 'Atmapratibodha' 95 "Atmaprabodha' 78 Atmabodha' 440 'AtmarAjarAsa'79

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zabdasUci 463 'AtmazikSA' 85 'AdinAtha devarAsa' 89 AdinAtharAsa (brahmajinadAsa) 70 'AdinAtha zatruMjayastavana' 79 AdhArabhaTTa papa AnaMdaghanajI4, 23, 72 'AnaMdano garabo' 41 AnaMdamuni 88 'ApaNA kavio' 226 'ArAdhanAcopAI 94 ArAdhanA' (nAnI) 85 'ArAdhanA' (moTI) 85 ArAmazobhAcopAI' 89 'ArAsurano garabo' 39 'ArdrakumAra copAI 103 ArdrakumAradhavala' 68 'ArdrakumAra rAsa (RSabhadAsa) 9 'ArdrakumAravivAhala' 89 'AloyaNavinatI 78 ASADhabhutiprabaMdha' 103 'AMkhakAna saMvAda' 79 'AMkha mIcAmaNIno garabo' 37, 38 'AMbA chaThThA' 12 ikhakArI rAjAcopAI 88 InAmadAra hemanta viSNu" 146 IndrAvatI prANanAtha) 32 ilAtIputrasajjhAya" 79 IlAyacI putranI sajjhAya 28 ilAputracaritra 88 iliyaDa' 168 ImAmavALAnA prachA' 13 "IzAnacandaravijayacopAI 101 irivavAha para IzvarasUri 89 IzvarIchanda 62 ujjavalanIlamaNi' 119 'uttamacaritracopAI' 89 'utarAdhyayana-chatrIza-adhyayana gIta' 87 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' 9, 81 udayacaMda-2 88 udayadharma 88 udayaratna' (17-18muM zataka) 34, 47 uddhava" 54, 234, 250 'uddhavagItA' 32 'udyamakarmasaMvAda'56 upadezaprasAda 81 'upadezamAlA' 81 'upadezamAlAkathAnaka' 88 'upadezarahasyagIta' 85 'uSAharaNa' (janArdana)205, 206, 229 (mAdhava) 51 | (vIrasiMha) 5, 207, 208, 228 'uSAharaNa' " (bho.sAM. saMpA.) 225 'Rgvada 112 'RtusaMhAra' 257 RSabhadAsa 11, 43, 68, 100

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464 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 kathAsaritsAgara' 6, 58, 303 kanaka 89 kanakasoma 103, 292, 302, 303 kanakAvatI-AkhyAna' 15, 95, 100 kabIra 12, 13, 108, 109, 110, 116, 182, 3pa1, 354, 359, 381, 382, 383, 417, 419 kabIragranthAvalI' 431 RSabhadeva 42 RSabhadeva vivAhalu 89 RSabha-samatA-saralatA-stavana 99 | (devakalaza) 89 'RSidattArAsa' (ajJAta) 88 RSidattArAsa' (jayavaMtasUri) 91 'RSidattArAsa' (sahajasundara) 79, 84 RSivardhana 69 'ekalakSaramaNI' 394 (sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya) 99 'ekAdazavacanadvAtrizikA' 86 elijhAbetha brAuniMga 345 * eliyaTa TI. esa. 192, 329 eSaNAzataka' 85 (nAkara) 51, para, 54 premAnaMda 55 'ogaNatrIsa bhAvanA 78 oDena 168 autika sAhityaprakAra) 8 (prItama) 433 (bhojo) 444 (vasto) 447, 448 kaccha garabAvaLI' 63 kajoDAno garabo' 36, 37, 38 kaThopaniSada' 384 kaDuA 89 'kathAcUDacopAI' 101 kathAbatrIzI' 88 kamalameru 89 kamalazekhara 103 kamalaharSa 103 kAvanAcopaI' (padmasAgara) 89 (jayaraMga, 101 (sAdhuratna) 89 karakaMDurAsa' 70 karasaMvAda' 74 karNaparva karNasiMha 11 karTUramaMjarI' 279 kamalAvatIrAsa' 84 karmacaMdravaMzAvalI prabaMdha' 10ra karmaNa maMtrI 5, 201, 204, 205, 210, 236 kaladdhajakumArarAsa" 103 kalAmo (ratanabhAInI) 15 kalAvatIcaritra' 89 kalAvatIcopAI' (kamalameru) 89 (guNavinaya) 102

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zabdasUci 465 'kalAvatIrAsa'(lAvaNyaratna) 84 (bApusAheba gAyakavADa) 441 'kalekTaDa rAITIMgsa opha dha pArasIjha - 15 (bhojo) 444 kalpasUtra' 9 kAmakaMdalAcopAI' 19 kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha' 90 kAmadevano rAsa' 88 kalyANa 89, 292, 302, 303 kAmAvatI' vIrajI) 56 kalyANadAsajI 449 kAmIjana vizrAmataraMgagIta' 278, 291 kalyANadeva 103 "kAmuddIna ciztI 15 kalyANasAgara 88 kArlAila 420 kaLikALano garabo 36, 37 kAlakasUribhAsa' 88 "kavicarita (bhAga 1-2) 225, 226, 250, kAlakAcAryakathA' 8, 9 380. kAlidAsa 183, 189, 252, 416, 'kAkarata' 9 kAlidAsa (prahalAdAkhyAnano kata) pa3, papa kAjI mahamadazAha 12 kAvyatattvavicAra' 193, 195 kAdambarI' 6, 9, 45, 26, 233, 241, kAvyaprakAza' 91 243 "kAvyAdarza 18, 63 kAdambarI : adhyayana' 251 kAvyAnuzAsana' 16 kAdambarIkathAnaka' 8 kAMyavALA haragoviMdadAsa ra30, 250 kAdambarI' (bhAlaNa) 145, 229, 230, kIkANI maNizaMkara jayazaMkara 120 236, 241, 243, 248, 250, 251 kIku vasahI (kIko vazI) 11, 21220, kAnhaDadeprabaMdha' 5, 9, 10, 58, 19, 73, 228 76, 204, 208, 209, 210, 230, "kIrtidharasukosalaprabaMdha' 103 236, 250, 255, 257, 258, 259, kIrtimeru 62, 280 26 1-275 "kIrtiratnasUriphAga' 292 kAnhaDade prabaMdha' (saMpA. derAsarI DAhyAbhAI kIrtiharSa 89 225, 275 kubuddInanI vAratA 10 (saMpA. vyAsa kAntilAla)-274 kumatidoSavijJaptikA' 99 kApaDiyA hI. 2. 60 kumatividhvaMsanacopAI 94 kAphI dhIro) 6 2, 440 kumAragirimaMDaLa' 0

Page #483
466 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 'kumArapAlaprabaMdha' 253 'kumArapAlarAsa' 5, 11 'kumArapAlAsa' (RSabhadAsa) 68 (devaprabhagaNi)88 (hIrakuzala) 103 'kumA2saMbhava' 279 'kuragaDu-maharSi-rAsa' 88 'kurAna' 426 'kuladhvajakumAra rAsa'(dharmasamudra) 89 kulamaMDanagaNi 8 kuzalalAbha 19, 42, 93, 94 kuzaLasaMyama 89 'kusumazrIrAsa' 48 kuMbhanadAsa 231, 232 'kuMvarabAInuM mAmeruM'premAnaMda) 10, 49, 52 (viSNudAsa) 117 'kRtakarmarAjAdhikAra-rAsa' 89 'kRSNa-uddhavano saMvAda' 394 'kRSNakarNAmRta' 200 kRSNajI 13, 365, 36 6, 375, 376 kRSNadAsa 231, 232 kRSNamizra 202, 224, 370 'kRSNalIlA' 278 kRSNAbAI 14 kedArabhaTTa 253 kevaLapurI 449 'kevaLapurIkRta kavitA' 449 kezarAja 46 kezavadAsa 119, 277, 278, 290, 307 'kezi-pradezi-baMdha' 85 kaivalyagItA' 393 kokazAstracatuSpadI 8 kSamAkalaza 89 'kSullakakumAra-rAsa' 90 khaMdhakaciratra'85 "baMdhakasUrinI sajjhAya' 66, 102 khImadAsa khImasAheba) 12, 450 khImo 11 khemarAja 88 'khyAta' 265 'gajasiMhakumAra copAI' 89 'gajasukamAlarAsa' 102 'gaNadharavAdastavana' 99 gaNapatarAma 450 gaNapati 94, 256 'gaNitasAra' 9 'ganImano pavADo' 61 garabI(dhIro) 440 (bApusAheba) 441 (vasto) 447 'garbhavelI' 78 gavarIbAI 448 gaMgAdAsa 60 gaMgAbAI (gaMgAsatI) 12 gAMdhIjI 169, 328, 357, 362, 364, 445

Page #484
zabdasUci 46 7 giradhara 10, 6 1, 381 gopAladAsa ("rasabinduno kartA) -11 'giranAra-uddhAra-rAsa 95 ("vallabhAkhyAnano kartA)-11 'gItagovinda' 9, 107, 110, 111, 117, gopALa -4, 365, 376, 393, 448 137, 182, 232, 248, 36 2 'gopALagItA'-11, 393, 448 gujarAta enDa iTsa liTarecara' 193,275, gopALabhaTTa-57 428 'gopIuddhavasaMvAda-376, 37 gujarAta vidyAsabhA hastalikhita pustakasaMgraha' gorAbAdalakathA-92 225, 226, 249, 250, 374 "goviMdagamana (narasiMha)-119, 122, 185 'gujarAtI kAvyaprakAro 6 2, 63 goviMda morAsuta-11 gujarAtI bhASAno itihAsa'230 goviMdarAma-450 gujarAtI leMgvaja enDa liTarecara'195, "gauDapAdakArikA -800 431 gauDapAdAcArya-178, 381, 400, 405, gujarAtI sAhitya' (a.ma.rAvaLa) 15, 379 407, 410 gujarAtI sAhityanA vadhu mArgasUcaka staMbho - gautama-chanda'-78 430 gautama-pRcchA'-99 gujarAtI sAhityanA svarUpo' 274, 306, gautama-pRcchA copAI78 307, 308 "gautamarAsa'78 gujarAtI sAhityanuM rekhAdarzana' 379 gaurIkIrtanamALA'449 gujarAtI hAthapratonI saMkalita yAdI 225, gaurIcaritra'216, 217, 232 226 'gaurIsAMvalIgItavivAda 78 'guNaratnAkara chanda 62, 79-84, 103 granthasAheba' 182, 183, 417 guNavinaya 102 griyarsana 106, 193 guNasAgarasUri 165 cakradharasvAmI 108, 'gurupaTTAvalI -102 caturavadana rAsa' 374 'gurumahimA"433 caturbhuja 119, 278, 285 guruziSyasaMvAda' (akho-385, 393, 395 "caturvizatijinastavana' 78 gurjara rAsAvali'-300, 308 caturvizatiprabandha' 2 'goDI-pArzvanAtha-stavana' (kuzaLalAbha)-93 "caritramanorathamAlA' 85

Page #485
468 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 casimAM zabdanA ekaso eka arthanI sajhAya' (vinayasAgara) 102 90 "cupaiphAgu' 7, 278, 291 caMDI-AkhyAna' (bhAlaNa) 51, 23, 249, cetavaNI nirAMta) 436 250 (prAgajI)450 caMDIdAsa 109, 110, 111, 126, 182, (vasto)448 325, 354 caitanya mahAprabhu 106, 107, 119322, caMDIpATha" (raNachoDa) 38, 39, 40 325, 350, 351, 323, 362, 383 . caMda baradAI 253 chappA (akhAnA) juo akhAnA chappA caMdarAjAno rAsa 9 prItamanA) 433 (lalitaprabha) 103 chaMdonuzAsana' 284 caMdrahAsAkhyAna premAnaMda) 49, 50, 39 "chAndogya-upaniSada 115 caMdrAvaNorAsa' 102 jaitaveli'79 caMdrAvalino garabo' 37 jagajIvana 450 caMpakamAlAcaritra' 8 ganIka 253 caMpakazreSThIrAsa90 jagARSi102 'caMpakasanarAsa bhatisAgara) 103 janatApI 220 cAturIo (narasiMhanI) 111, 11, 125, janArdana travADI ra05, 207, 236 138, 156, 185, 190, 205, 216, janIbAI15 217, 228, 229, 232, 249 jayacaMdra103 (nAtha bhavAnanI) 4 jayacaMdraprakAza'253 cAturI-chatrIzI' (narasiMha) 122, 138 jayadeva 7, 107, 109, 110 111, 115, cAturI-SoDazI (narasiMha) 122, 13 117, 126, 138, 150 182, 10, cAbakhA (bhojo) 11, 443, 444 247, 325, 354, 362 cAra pratyeka buddha copAI vinayadevasUri) 87 jayanidhAna89 cArudattacaritra' 15, 89 jayaraMga (18muM zataka 101 'cittavicArasaMvAda 393, 395, 396 jayarAja89 'citrasenapadmAvatIrAsa' (bhaktivijaya) 88 jayavallabha 88 vinayasamudra) 89 jayavaMtasUri 91, 292, 295

Page #486
zabdasUci 469 jayavijayacopAI' 103 jayazekharasUri 255, 292, 300 jayasiMhasUri 297, 30, 305,306 jayAnaMdakevalIrAsa' 45, 46, 48 jarathostanAmaha 13, 62 jazavijayajI 34 jaMbusariyA naTavaralAla raNachoDalAla 363 jabU-aMtaraMga-rAsa' 9 bUkumArarAsa' (rAjapALa) 102 jabUcopAI (hIrakalaza) 94 jabUrAsa 102 jabUsvAmIphAgura92, 31, 302 jaMbUsvAmIno rAsa (vinayacaMdra) 88 jabUsvAmI-paMcabhavavarNana-copAI 68 jaMbUsvAmI-rAsa bhalidAsa)103 (ratnasiMhaziSya,88, 89 jinapratibhA' 85 jinapratimAsthApanA prabaMdha' 87 jinapratimA sthApanArAsa' 84 jinaprabhasUri 275 jinarakSita-jinapAlita-saMdhi' 93 jinaratnasUri 88 jinarAjanAmastavana87 jinavardhana 88 jinavijayajI muni (AcArya) 26 2, 263, 274, 306 jinasAdhusUri 89 jinaharSa 72 jinahaMsaguru-navaraMga-phAga" 293 jinodayasUrivivAhaluM 46 "jIbhadAMtasaMvAda 94 jIrAulA-pArzvanAtha-phAga' 292 jIrAulA-pArzvanAtha-vinatI 78 jIrApallI-pArzvanAtha-phAga' 293 jIva gosvAmI 117 jIvaNadAsa 1, 449 jIvaNadAsa (dAsI jIvaNa) 12, 450 jIvabhavasthitirAsa' 70, 71 jIvarAja zeThanI musApharI 61 jIvarAma bhaTTa 61 jIvarUpacopAI 10ra jIvA goMsAI 322 jUnuM narmagadya' 428 jesalapurA zivalAla 227 jAtaka6, 45 jAnI aMbAlAla bu. 210, 223, 225, 307, 387, 428, jAyasI 416 jAlaMdhara-AkhyAna' (bhAlaNa)234, 236, 237, 239, 251 jAvaDa - 11 jAvaDabhAvaDarAsa'68 jitAmuni nArAyaNa 449 jinakuzalasUripaTTabhiSekarAsa' 46 jinacaMdasUriphAgu' 30ra jinapaddhasUri 292, 294,296, 297,305

Page #487
470 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 430 430 jaina gurjara kavio bhAga trIjo 60 'jhArInAMpada' (narasiMha) 135, 228 jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa 60 Tomasa ikempisa 106 jozI umAzaMkara 58, 104, 36 6, 381, Thakkara kezavalAla aMbAlAla 429, 430 428, 429, 430, 431 ThAkora baLavaMtarAya ka. 308, 360, 36 3, jozI ramaNalAla 429 420, 406, 431, jozI sureza ha.36 5, 375, 376, 379, DAga hemarazolDa 36 1 DivAIna komeDI' 192, 329 jayotiSasAra' 94. DrAIvara zrImatI perInabahena dArA 13 jayorja harbarTa 36 1 tapA-ekAvana-bola-copAI 102 jJAnakakko' (jIvaNadAsa) 449 tApIdAsa 11 (dhIro)440 tAraMgAstavana' jJAnagItA' (jagajIvana) 450 tithinirAMta) 436 (narahari) 376, 378, 404, 405, (prItama) 433 (vasto) 447 (prItama) 433, 434 tukArAma109, 184, 194, 382 jJAnacaMdra (16muM zataka) 78 tulasIdAsa 109, 325, 326, 328, 354, jJAnadeva ANi nAmadeva' 194 416 jJAnanI tithi' 34 tulasI (mAdhavasuta) 55 jJAnaprakAza' (gopALa)393 'tulasIvivAha premasakhIkRta) 30, 31, 32 prItama)433 tuLapuLe rDA.146 jJAnabiMdu 430 tejasAparAsa' 93 jJAnamAsa prItama) 61 tetalI maMtrIno rAsa 79 jJAnamULa (jagajIvana) 450 tesmitArI 183 jJAnaraveNI'449 trikamadAsa trikamasAheba) 12 jJAnasAgara (15-16muM zataka) 88 tripAThI govardhanarAma 14, 106, 36 2, 388 jJAnezvara 109, 110, 115, 184, 354, tripAThI jagannAtha dAmodaradAsa sAgara'429, jJAnezvarI" 115 430, 449 jhaverI kRSNalAla mo. 394,430 tripAThI tanasukharAma manasukharAma 363

Page #488
zabdasUci 471 tripAThI yogendra 391, 430 dazAvatAra' 13 'tribhuvanadIpakaprabaMdha' 61, 255, 300 daMDI 16, 18 trivedI bhUpendra 380, 420, 432 'dANalIlA' (narasiMha) 122, 146, 'triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 69, 92 190, 193 'trIjI sAhitya pariSadano ahevAla 428 (vasto) 447 dhUlibhadrasAgu 292 dAdu dayALa 417 dayAkuzala 103 dAne 192, 329 dayArAma 4, 10, 13, 14, 17, 20, 23, "dAmanakarAsa 103 28, 30, 37, 40, 42, 58, 6 1, 10pa, dAmodaradAmodarAzrama) 34 123, 158, 191, 248, 322, 36 5, dAsI jIvaNa - juo : jIvaNadAsa 381, 389, 397,418 divALIbAI 14, 6 1 dayALadAsa 450 diveTiyA caitanyabALA ja. 122, 195, 197, darzana kavi 102 249 darzanavijaya 44 diveTiyA narasiMharAva bho. 119, 158, 195, dalapatarAma 36, 63, 16 8 275, 419, 424, 425, 431 dalAla cimanalAla 2, 274 dumuha-pratyeka-buddha-copAI' 102 dave makaraMda 451 durgAsaptazatI 9 dave ratilAla 196 durvAsA-AkhyAna236, 237 dave subhASa36 5 duhAzataka 85 dazakumAracarita' 56 dudha(akhAnA) 396 'daza duSyantanA gIto' 90 daDhaprahArI sajhAya 6 6 'dazamaskaMdha' 4, 50 depALa 11, 6 6, 68 premAnaMda) 163. 421 derAsarI DAhyAbhAI pI.225, 275 (bhAlaNa) 10, 145, 16 3, 230, devakalaza89 231, 233, 236, 237, 238, 241, devakumAracaritra' 103 243, 244, 249, 250, 251 devaguptasUriziSya 102 'dazazlokI' 407 devacaMdra 72 'dazasamAdhisthAna-kula 85 devadattacopAI 101

Page #489
472 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 devaprabhagaNi 88 dhannAaNagArano rAsa'89 devaprabhasUri 92 dhannA jATa 12 devaratnasUri-phAgu 292, 302 dhanArAsa' (jinavardhana)-88 devaratnasUriziSya ra92 bhatizekharaF88 "devarAja-vaccharAja-copAI' (kalyANadeva)103 (hemarAjI-102 (lAvaNyasamaya)78 dhanAzAlibhadracopAI 102 devazIla 103 dhanAzAlibhadrarAsa'-9 devIdAsa 12 dhanuSadhArIno garabo.39 devIdAsa gAMdharva 11 dhAmilarAsa (somavimalasUri-90 'dezInAmamAlA' 305 dharamagiri-450 desAI IcchArAma sU.120, 122, dharmadAsa gaNi-81 : 138,143, 149, 185, 195, 197 dharmadeva 89 desAI maNilAla I. 122 dharmadhyAna rAsa'-103 desAI mahAdevabhAI382, 393 dharmapacIzI-70 desAI mohanalAla dalIcaMdara87, 308 "dharmaparIkSA-103 dehala ra20-223, 228 dharmaratna-103 dolatarAma 450 dharmaruci-89 dolatavijaya 87 dharmalakSI mahattarAbhAsa'-88 draupadIcaritra' 103 dharmasamudra-89 driaupadIvastrAharaNa' (bhAlaNa) 236, 237 dharatInuM dhAvaNa bhAga-2-63 dvArako -32 dhIro-25,61, 62, 431, 433, 438 'dvArikAvilAsa' dhUryAkhyAna-6 dvivedI hajArIprasAda-431 dhoLa (dhIrAnAM-440 dhanadAsa 11,449 prItamanAM-433 dhanadevagaNi-292,298 dhruva AnandazaMkara'-106, 119, 193, dhanapatirAsa-89 195, 362 dhanarAja-4, 374, 375, 376, dhruva kezava ha. 31, 18, 225, 374, 279, dhanArAsa'-103 281, 3,6,307, 420, 430

Page #490
zabdasUci 473 dhruvacaritra'-9 narasiMha mahetAkRta kAvyasaMgraha (saMpA. I. sU. dhruva hari harSada-230 desAI)122, 138, 143, 149, 166, dhruvAkhyAna' (tulasI-mAdhavasuta-55 185, 193, 195, 197, 379, 380 (bhAlaNa-234, 235, 237, 250 narasiMha mahetAkRta cAturI" 122,195 (bhAni.mahetA,saMpA-250 narasiMha mahetAnAM apragaTa pado 196 (haridAsa vALaMda-11, 51 -nI AkhyAnakalpa kRtio 138-149 dhvajabhujaMgakumArarAsa' 89 -nI AtmakathanAtmaka kRtio 123-138 natarSi-281 -nI kAvyasiddhi 186-193 navaratnaziSya-103 -nAM kRSNaprItinAM UrmigIto 149-166 nayasundara -45, 95, 98 -nAM bhaktijJAnanAM kAvyo 166-182 narapati-17 -no samaya 117 narabodha'-450 narasiMha mahetAnA pitAnuM zrAddha motIrAmakRta) narabherAma 18 31, 34 narasiMhakA (rA) mAhyarA'-117,358 narasiMha mahetAnI hUMDI 28 narasiMha mahetA-1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 13, 20, narasiMha mahetA (eka adhyayana'194, 15, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 196, 197, 250 34, 35, 61, 104-197, 203, 204, "narasai mahetAnAM pada (saMpA.ke. kA. zAstrI) 205, 206, 208, 213, 214, 216, 117, 122, 149, 193, 194, 195, 217, 28, 229, 230, 232, 236, 197 244, 248, 249, 250, 323, 324, "narasaiyo bhakta harino' 194 355, 358, 363, 36 5, 36 7-370, narahari 211, 36 5, 36 7, 375, 376371, 372, 374, 377, 379, 381, 378, 379, 381, 404, 405, 448 383, 384, 398, 426, 436 narahari (rAmAnaMdaziSya) 12 narasiMha mahetA' (ke. kA. zAstrI) 195, 196, "naraharinI jJAnagItA : jJAnamArgI paraMparAnA 197 abhyAsa-sahita' 379, 380 narasiMha mahetAkta AtmacaritanAM kAvyo narbadAcArya 8 122 narmakoza' ra30, 249 narasiMha mahetAkRta cAturI" 122,195 narmada 105, 230, 388, 427

Page #491
474 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 'narmadAsundarI prabandha' 103 nalacaMpU' 240, 243 'naladamayaMtI-rAsa' 46 'naladavadaMtI-copAI' 9 'naladavadaMtI-rAsa' (nayasundara) 95 (mahIrAja) 92 'nalarAja-cupaI'69 navilAsa'70 'nalAyana' 95 nalopAkhyAna (mahAbhArata)' 53, 229, 240, 243 'navakAramaMtrano chanda' 93 'navacAturI' 449 'navatattvacopAI' (kamalazekhara) 103 'navapallava-pArzvanAthakalaza' 71 navapallava-pArzvanAtha-stava' 77 'naLadamayaMtIprabaMdha' 102 'naLAkhyAna' (nAkara) 4, 52, 249 (premAnaMda)49, 51, 54, 168 'nAganAgamade' 57 'nAgila-sumati-copAI' 87 nAthabhavAna (anubhavAnaMda) 450 nAnaka 13, 108, 351, 354 nAnAlAla kavi 105, 158 nAnIbAI 15 nAmadeva 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 121, 146, 182, 184, 194, 214, 354, 381 'nAmadevagAthA' 113, 126, 183, 185, 193 'nAmadevAcI gAthA' 146 'nAmamahimA' (prItama) 433 (nirAMta) 436 nArada 363 nArAyaNigira 450 'nArAyaNaphAgu' 277, 278, 281, 283 nArAyaNa bhAratI 230 'nArInirAsa-kSaga' 284, 292, 293, 303 304 (bhAlaNa) 54, 145, 233, 236, 237, 240, 243, 248, 250, 251 naMdakizoranA mahinA' 449 naMdabatrIzInI vArtA 57 'naMdabatrIzI' (narapati) 17 (siMhakula) 89 nAkara 4, 11, 51, 54, 55, 61, 201, nivRttinAtha 110, 115 217, 230, 232, 249, 416 niSkuLAnaMda 11 'nAgadattano rAsa'103 niMbArka 325, 353 'nAsiketAkhyAna' (raNachoDa) 11 nAhaTA agaracaMda 60 'niyatAniyata' 85 nirAMta 11, 15, 433, 435-438, 441, 450

Page #492
'nItizAstra' 103 'nema-rAjula-bAramAsa' (jayavaMtasUri) 91 (lAvaNyasamaya) 78 nemi-kuMja2 89 nemicaMdra(sUri) 81 naimidAsa 11 'neminAtha-catuSpadikA' 26, 61 'neminAtha-dhavala' 87 neminAtha-nava2sa-phAga' 292 'neminAtha-phAgu' (jayazekharasUri) 292, 300 (jayasiMhasUri) 297, 305, 306 (rAjazekha2)292, 296, 305 neminAtha-rAjimatI-bAramAsa' 61 neminAtha-hamacaDI' 75-77 'nemiraMgaratnAkara-chaMda' 74-77, 103 'nemi-rAjula-bAramAsI' 78 'nemirAsa' 89 naimIzvararita - phAgabaMdha' 292, 299 naiSadhIyacarita' 238, 240, 243, 279 noze2vAna jamazeda13 'paTTAvalI-sajhAya' 90 pada (akho)397 (kalyANadAsajI)449 (jitAmuni nArAyaNa) 449 (dhIro) 439, 440 (nirAMta)436-437 (prItama)433 (prAgajI) 450 (bApusAheba)441 (bhANadAsa) 450 (bhojo) 444 (vasto) 447 (harikRSNajI) 449 zabdasUci 475 padma 301 'padmacaritra' (hemaratnasUri) 92 padmacaritra rohiNeya rAsa'89 padmanAbha 58, 204, 210, 230, 236, 252, 259, 261-275 padmavijaya 45, 46, 72 padmazrI sAdhvI 15, 89 padmasuMdara 101 padmAvatI' 57 paradezI rAjAno rAsa' (sahajasuMda2) 79 parabata 11 paramapadaprApti' 394 paramAnanda 11 paramAnaMdadAsa 231 pariSada pramukhonAM bhASaNo' 193 'paMcataMtra' 6, 9, 56 paMcatIrthastavana' 78 'paMcadazItAtparya'394 paMcadaMDa' (gadyamAM)57 paMcAkhyAna' 9 (vaccharAja) 103 paMcIkaraNa' 385, 386, 387, 394, 400, 417

Page #493
476 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2, khaMDa - 1 paMcopAkhyAna-catuSpadI 103 paMDayA rAjeza 103 paMdaramA zatakanAM prAcIna gurjara kAvya' 224 paMdaramA zatakanAM cAra phAgukAvyo' 307, 308 pAkSika chatrIzI' 85 pAkhI sUtravRtti 87 pArthacaMdrasUri 84, 85 pArzvanAtha-jinastavana -prabhAtI 78 pArzvanAtha-jirAulArAsa 68 pArzvanAtha dazabhava-vivAhalo' 88 pArzvanAtha-vivAhalo 9 pArzvanAtha - stavana 99 pAso paTela 11 pAMca pAMDavanI sajhAya' 66 pAMca saMtakavi' 146 pAMDavacaritra' 92 pAMDavaviSTi (phUDha) 11 (mAMDaNa) 211, 213 pIpAjI 12 puNyanaMdi 88 puNyaratna (16muM zataka) 89 puNyasAgara (16muM zataka) 102 puNyasAgararAsa (sAdhumeru) 88 puraMdarakumAra copAI 101 purAtana jyota' 13 purIbAI 14 puruSottama-pAMca pAMDava-phAga' 292 pUjArA kAnajI bhImajI 388 pRthurAjarAso' 253 pRthvIcaMdracaritra' 8, 67, 210, 299 pethaDa rAsa 5, 119, 214 petho11, 88 paiDase zaMkara dAmodara 194 paurANika kathAnakaeN 146 prakAzasiMha 11 prajJaptisUtra' 87 pratibodharAsa' 103 pratiSThAkalpa 100 "prathama-Astravadhara-kulaka' 87 pradyumnakumAra copAI 103 prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi 17, 253, 300 prabodhacaMdrodaya' 198, 202, 224, 370 prabodhaprakAza' 9, 118, 198, 199, 23, 212, 233, 249, 370, 380, (saMpA. ke. kA. zAstrI) 223, 224 prabodhabatrIzI 11, 211, 214, 215, 371, 389, 415, 316, (saMpA. ma. ba. vyAsa) 380, saMpA. za. rA.)225-226 prabodhamaMjarI" 376, 4/4 prabhAkara -guNAkara-copAI 89 prabhAtiyAM (narasiMha) 120 (bhojo) 444 prabhAvatIrAsa' 95 prabhurAma kavi 60 'pramodazIla' 102

Page #494
zabdasUci 477 praznotaadIpikA' 85 praznottaramAlikA 102 prasannacaMdrasUri 293 "prasenajita rAsa' 88 palAdAkhyAna' (kALidAsa) pa3, 55 (bhANadAsa) 449 prAgajI 450 prAcIna kAvyamALA' 119, 230, 249, 449 'prAcInakAvyavaimAsika 230, 249 prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpaparaMparA 60 "prAcIna gUrjarakAvya' 63, 279, 306, 307 prAcIna gUrjara kAvyasaMgraha'62, 248, 274 prAcIna gusaMgraha 278, 287, 291, 300, 307, 308 priyamelakarAsa' 9 prItama 10, 20, 25, 27, 30, 33, 58, 61, 433-435 prItivijaya 10ra pItivimala 66, 103 premalAlAcchI rAsa 44 premAnaMda 8, 10, 13, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 49, 50 51, para, pa3, 54, 55, 61, 119, 123, 131, 132, 133, 139, 143, 145, 163, 168, 219, 237, 148, 248, 289, 381, 391, 416, 421, 432 premAnaMda premasakhI' 4, 20, 30, 31 pleTo 384 pharbasa guja. sabhA hastalikhita pustaka 226, 388 phUDha 11 phUlAcaritra' (ajJAta) 8 (gopAla bhaTTa) 57 zansisa thompasana 332 babruvAhana-AkhyAna' uddhava) 234 barajora pharaduna 13 balibhadrayazobhadra-rAsa' 78 ballALa 253 baravezvara108 bAIbala'426 bANabhaTTa 45, 96, 241, 243 bApusAheba gAyakavADa 11, 433, 441 443 bAbara DaoN. sarojinI 146, 193 bAyarana 427 bAra bhAvanA' 99 bAra mAsa' (raNachoDa) 36 . (ratnezvara) 36 bAramAsI' premAnaMda) 36 bAsvata-joDI 102 bAra-vrata-rasa pItivijaya) bAra-vrata-sakjhAya'102 bAlagopAlastuti' 9 bAlacarita' (kIku vasahI) 11, 217, 218, 228

Page #495
478 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 (bhAsa) 105 beDalI 427 bAlazikSA' 8 behadeva 33, 58 bAvanAkSarI' (bhojo) 444 bhaktaciMtAmaNi bALalIlA' (narasiMha) 122, 149, 163, bhaktamAla 123 197 "bhaktavela 61 'bilDaNakathA 6 bhaktijJAnanAM pado (narasiMha) 122, 191, ' bilDaNapaMcAzikA' 8, 9 197 bIjaka' 417 bhaktimaMjarI? 376, 377 buTiyo-buTo 4, 376, 448 bhaktivijaya 88 buddhirAsa' 44, 103 bhaktividhAna buddhiprakAza' 196, 249, 250 bhaktisUtro 105, 363 bRhatkathA' 6, 56, 303 bhagata, niraMjana 309 bRhatkathAmaMjarI" 6 bhagavAnajI mahArAja 386, 429 bRhatkAvyadohana' 8 bhagavAnadAsa 499 bhAga pahelo 250, 388, 449 bhaDaLIvAkya 62 bhAga bIjo ra31, 237 bharata-bAhubali-rAsa' (jinasAdhusuri) 89 bhAga trIjo 428 (vinayadevasUri) 87 bhAga chaThTho 226 bharatezvara-cakravartI-phaga' 292 be naLAkhyAna' 249 bharatezvara-bAhubali-rAsa' 42, 43, 44, bopadeva 199 47, 205, 210, 217, 229 brahmacarya'85 bharatezvara bAhubali vRtti/kathAkoza 81 brahmajinadAsa 70 bharUcA esa.DI. 15 brahmajJAnanA SaDaripunA rAjiyA' 441 bhartuhari 293 brahmalIlA' 394, 427 bhavAna 103 "brahmavinoda bhavAnIno chaMda' (nAkara) 62 "brahmasvAmI akhAbhaktanA chappA' 388 "bhaviSyottarapurANa" 106, 119 brahmAnaMda 10, 25, 428 bhAIzaMkara 35 bAuniMga 423 'bhAgavata' (juo "zrImadbhAgavata')

Page #496
zabdasUci 479 bhANadAsa 40, 58, 449 bhramaragItA' (caturbhuja) 119, 28, 285 bhANadAsa (bhANasAheba) 12, 450 premAnaMda) 32 bhANanA saloko' 60 (behadeva) 33, 58 bhAnumaMdiraziSya 103 'bhramarapacIzI' (premAnaMda) 30, 31, 32, bhAyANI harivallabha 60, 283, 284, 33, 35 306, 429 majamudAra naM. 2. 227, 252, 274, 306, bhAratIchaMda' 6 2 307, 308 bhAlaNa 10, 13. 23, 27. 51, 23, 54. matizekhara 88 55, 61, 96, 119, 145, 163 mahisAgara 89, 103 199, 207, 214, 216, 228-248, "masyodararAsa" (jayarAjI 89 249, 250, 251, 381 (lAvaNyaratna) 84 bhAlaNa, uddhava ane bhIma' 250 madanamohanA' pa6, 57 bhAlaNa : eka adhyayana' 249, 251 madhurASTakam 231 bhAva 89 madhusUdana sarasvatI 383, 407 bhAsa 105, 416 madhdha 325, 353 bhIma (prabodhaprakAzakAra) 18, 118, 119, "madhyakALano sAhityapravAha 63 198-204, 212, 230, 233, 236, manajI RSi 86 249, 370, 370 mammaTa 91 bhIma ("rasikagItAkAra) 33 mayaNachaMda 9, 62 bhIma bhAvasAra 11, 103 maNarehArAsa' (harasevaka) 67 bhIma (rAsa kavi) 89 mayaNarehAsatI-rAsa' 88 bhIma ("sadayavatsacarita' kAra) 254 mayArAma bhojaka 11 bhuvanakIrti (15-16muM zataka) 89 malayacaMdra 88 bhoja 48 malayasuMdarI rAsa' 88 'bhojaprabaMdha' 101, 253 mallidAsa 103 bhojala 28 mahAkALIno garabo' 38, 40 bhojo 11, 25, 33, 6 2, 433, 443- mahAdevajInA sAta vAra' 27 447 mahAbhArata 3, 48, 50, 53, 208, 221

Page #497
480 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa - 1 257 223, 229, 232, 240, 323, 328, mANikyavijaya 32 352, 353 mANikayasuMdarasUri 32, 67, 292, 299 mahAvIra-hIMca-stavana' 99 mAdhava 8, 51, 57 mahinA (akho) 394 mAdhavAnala-kAmakaMdalA" 9 (nirAMta) 436 'mAdhavAnala-kAmakaMDalA-caupaI) / copAI 42, (prItama) 433 (bhojo) 444 mAdhavAnala-kAmakaMdalA-dogdhaka' 94 (ratno) 11, 61 mAdhavAnala-kAmakaMdalA-prabaMdha' 61, 256, mahIcaMda 89 mahIpAlacopAI 92 mAdhavAnala-copAI' 93 mahIpAlarAsa' 89 mAna 103 mahIrAja 92, 93 mAnatuMgamAnavatInI vArtA (rAsa) 8 mahetA caMdrakAnta 16 mAnasiMha12 mahetA tanasukharAma 118 - mAmakIAkhyAna 234, 236, 237 mahetA narmadAzaMkara de. 35, 387, 390, "mAmeruM' (narasiMha) 123, 127, 128, 131, 396, 407, 468, 429, 431 133, 149, 197, 228 mahetA bhAnusukharAma ni. 250 mAruDholAnI copAI' 93 maMgalakalazacopAI' (kanakasoma) 103 mAryo 416 (ratnavimala-2) mAladeva 100 101, 292, 295 maMgalakalazaphAga ra92, 30, 303 mAladevazikSAcopAI' 100 maMgalakalazarAsa' (janaratnasUri) 88 mAlavikAgnimitra' 2para maMgaladharma) 88 mAsa' (vasto) 447 maMgaladharma 88 mAsTara pharAmajI bahamanajI 16, 18, 20, maMgalamANijya 98 36,48, 56 maMchArAma 450 mAMgalabAI 12 mATe zrI. ma. 115, 194 mAMDaNa baMdhAro , 11, 18, 119, 210 mANijyacaMdrasUri 210 214, 215, 216, 236, 370, 371, mANikyadevasUri 95 389, 415, 416, 417, 418

Page #498
zabdasUci 481 mIThu mahArAja 15 meghakumArarAsa' (kanaka) 89 mITho DhADhI 12 meghadUta' 9 mIrAM 3, 4, 13, 20, 21, 22, 61, megharAja 103 109, 117, 123, 153, 158, meghANI jhaveracaMda 12, 36, 39 232, 309-363, 36 5, 372, merUtuMga 253, 275 373, 374, 375, 377, merunaMdana 292, 293 379, 381, 406, 436 mehaUjaLI' pa7 mIrAMnAM pado' (bhU. tri. saMpA.) 380 motIrAma 31, 34 muktAnaMda 33 modI madhusUdana 2 mugdhAvabodhauktika' 8 modI rAmalAla 231, 235, 237, 249, munazI kanaiyAlAla mA. 108, 118, 119, 250, 308 168, 193, 194, 226, mobeda rustama pezotana 13 267, 275, 281, 383, 428 momaNa-cetAvaNa' 13 munipaticaritra' 89 moradhvajAkhyAna morArasAheba 12, 450 munipaticaritracopAI 94 moropaMta 194 munipaticopAI' 89 mosALacaritra' vizvanAtha) 133 munizikSAsAya' 99 " maoNDarna hindu Ijhama enDa iTsa DeTa Tu dha murAri para neToriyansa - 193 muhaNota naiNasIkI khyAta' bhAga-1 265, thazodhacaritra' 84 275 thazodhanRpacopAI 95 mUrkha lakSaNAvali 102 yazodhararAsa (brahmajinadAsa) 70 mRgAputra copAI' 88 yazobhadracopAI' (vijayazekhara) 103 mRgAvatI-AkhyAna' 99 (vinayazekhara) 103 "mRgAvatI-copAI' (vinayasamudra) 89 yazobhadrasUrirAsa 72 "mRgI-AkhyAna' 237 yazovijayajI 4, 13, 65, 72 "mRgIsaMvAda 11 yAdavarAsa' 89 mRgAMkakumAra-padmAvatI-copAI 103 yeTsa 427 mRgAMkaleArAsa' (vacchabhaMDArI) 71

Page #499
482 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha:2, khaMDa - 1 yogazAstra' 81 yauvana-jarA-saMvAda' 79 raghunAtha (dAsa) 35 rajjaba 417 raDhiyALI rAta' bhAga bIjo 63 raNachoDa 11,20,35,36,38,39,40, 61 raNachoDajIno zaloko' 60 'raNajaMga' 51 raNamalachaMda' 9, 10, 58, 19, 62 raNayajJa' premAnaMda) 51, para, 54 'ratirahasya' 9 ratnAkumAracopAI 79 "ratnakumArarAsa' 103 ratnacUDarAsa' 88 ratnaparIkSA 9 ratnamaMDanagaNi 284, 292, 293, 303, 304 ratnamAlArAsa' 101 ratnavimala (16muM zataka) 103 ratnazekhara 88 ratnasiMhasUriziSya 88, 89 ratnasuMdara 103 ratnezvara 32, 36 ratno 11, 61 ravi-bhANa-saMpradAyanI vANI 12 ravirAma-ravidAsa (ravisAheba) 12, 450 ravIndranAtha 419 ravIndraracanAvalI' 431 'rasamaMjarI" 18 rasara-rAsa' 103 rasasAgaraphAga' 292 rasasiMdhu 11 rasikagItA' 33 rahanemi-rAjamatIcoka 58 'raMgajinastavana' 102 raMgaratnAkara-neminAtha-chaMda62 raMgavimala 103 raMgasAgara-neminAtha-phAga' 284, 292, 298 rAjatilakagaNi 88 rAjapALa 102 rAjaratnasUri 89 rAjazIla 89 rAjazekharasUri 253, 292, 296, 297, 307, 305 rAjasiMharAsa 102 rAjAdhikArarAsa' 89 rAjimatI gIta 78 barAjula-neminAtha-dhamAla 101 rAje4, 11, 13, 32, 33, 37, 61, 158 barANapuramaMDana-caturmukha-AdinAtha-phAga' ra93 'rAtribhojana rAsa' 89 'rAdhAkRSNasaMvAda 216 rAdhAbAI 14, 6.1 rAmakathA' 204 rAmakRSNacopAI 102 'rAmacarita' 70

Page #500
'rAmacaritamAnasa' 126 rAmacaMdrasUri 70 rAmadAsa 382 rAmadepIra 12 rAmabAI saMta 12 'rAmabAlacirata' 237, 244, 251 rAmayazorasAyana rAsa' 46 'rAmavivAha' (bhAlaNa) 237 rAmavivAhanA zalokA' 60 rAmAnaMda svAmI 12, 107, 322, 325, 353, 36 2 rAmAnuja 106, 107, 325, 353 'rAmAyaNa' 3,48, 50, 208, 221, 235 353 'rAmAyaNa' (uddhava) 250 (karmaNa) 204 (giradha2) 10 (bhAlaNa) 229 (mAMDaNa) 211, 212, 228, 372 rAmaiyo 32 rAya dilIpakumAra 364 rAva jetasIro chaMda' 62 'rAvaNamaMdodarIsaMvAda' (lAvaNyasamaya) 78 (raNachoDa) 35 (zrIdhara aDAlajo)214, 215 'rAvaNi-pArzvanAtha-phAgu' 293 rAvaLa anaMtarAya ma.15, 379 rAvaLa zaMkaprasAda cha. 225, 226 rAsano garabo' 36 'rAsakuMja' 63 zabdasUci 483 'rAsasahastrapadI' (narasiMha) 122, 149, 159, 166, 186, 193 rAMma kAnhakSa -13 'rukmAMgadakathA'-5, 211, 213, 228, 372 'rukmAMgadapurI'-4, 249 'rukmiNIharaNa' (devIdAsa) -11 'rUpakamAlA'-85, 88 rUpa gosvAmI-119 'rUpacaMdakuMvarAsa'-42, 45, 48, 95, 97, 98 'rUpasundhakarathA'-8 'rUstamajIno zaloko'-60 rUstama pezotana 10 'revaMtagirarAsu' 46, 229 raidAsa 311, 350, 372 lakSmIpArvatIno saMvAda'35 lakSmIratnasUri 88 lakSmIsAgara 88 'laghukSetrasamAsacopAI' 89 'laghuyogavAsiSTha' 376 labdhivijaya 28 labdhisAgara 89 'lalitAMgakumA2Asa'-89 'lalitAMgarata'-89 lallubhAI dhobIdAsa 385 'lAbhodayarAsa'-103

Page #501
484 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 lA komeTIA - 329 vallabha bhaTTa-36, 37, 38, 39,40,41,42 lAvaNyakIrti -102 vallabhavela'-61 lAvaNyaratna -84 "vallabhAkhyAna'-11 lAvaNyasamaya-42, 43, 44,47, 6-2, 71, vallabhAcArya-3, 106, 107, 110, 112, 72, 74, 77, 78, 103, 255, 256 118, 214, 231, 322, 325, 351, lAvayasiMha -89 353, 382, 404 'lirika'-431 'vasaMtanAM pada' (narasiMha-122, 149, 159, lIlAvatI-92 185, 197 lIlAvatI-rAsa' (udayaratna)-47 'vasaMtavilAsa'-7, 8,9, 206, 277, 278, lIlAvatI-sumati vilAsa-rAsa' (kaDuAF89 279, 280, 281, 283, 284, 285, lIlAzuka-200 288, 297, 298, 299, 303, lIMbo-11 304,305 luMTavadana capeTa-copAI - 78 (kezavadAsa kAyastha -ra77, 278, 290 "luMpakamata-tamodinakara-copAI - 102 "vasaMtavilAsa prAcIna gumAvya'-59, 306, locanakAjalasaMvAda-91 307 "vacanAmRto'-8 vasaMtavilAsa' (sonIrAma-ra77, 278,288 vaccha bhaMDArI-11, 70, 71 vasudevacopAI'-89 vaccharAja-18, 103 vasudevahiMDI-6 vajiyo-51 " vastugItA'-447, 448 vaNajAro'-15 pArzvacandrasUri-84 vaNArazIbAI-15 (lakSmIsAgaraF88 vatsarAja-59 vastupAla-rAsa' 11 vatsarAja-devarAja-rAsa' 84 vastuvilAsa'-447 vanaramaNI' (1-2-3-449 vasto DoDiyo-4, 11,13,168 "varasvAmIno rAsa-89 vastIvilaMbara-447, 448, 451 vayarasvAmI-sajhAya'-99 vaMkacUlano pavADI rAsa' 78 varNakasamuccaya'-60 (bhavAna) 103 varmA dhIrendra-249 'vaMdanadoSa'-85

Page #502
'vAgbhaTAlaMkAra'-9 'vANI' (dhanarAja)-375 'vA2' (prItama)-433 'vAsavadattA'-252 'vAsiSThasAragItA'-376,404 vAsu kavi-50, 207, 228 'vAsupUjaya-jinapuNyaprakAza-rAsa'-99 'vAsupUjaya-manorama-phAga'- 292, 302, 303 'vAsupUjayasvAmI-dhavala'-87 (maMgala mANikya) 98 vikrama-khAparacarita copaI'89 vikramacaritra-paMcadaMDa-kathA'-101 vikramanI kathAo'-57 'vikramorvazIya'-183 vicAramaMjarI'-102 vicArazreNI'-275 vijayalakSmIsUri-81 vijayazekhara-103 'vijayasiMhasUrirAsa'-103 vidyApati-109, 110, 111, 121, 126, 182, 325, 354 vidyAvilAsa-copAI'-88 vidyAvilAsanI kathA'-57 'vidyAvilAsa-pavADo'-11, 42 'vidhivicAra'-85 vinayacaMdra -44 vinayacaMdra (13muM zataka)-26 zabdasUci 485 vinayacaMdra (15-16muM zataka)-88 'vinayaphUlAgaNinI'-292 vinayadevasUri-86, 87 'vinayadevasUriAsa'-86 vinayavijaya(sUri) 42 vinayazekha2 103 vinayasamudra-89 vinayasAga2-102 vibudhavijaya(2) 'vibudhavimala-rAsa' vimalacaritra(16muM)-102 'vimalacaritra'-256 'vimalaprabaMdha'-5, 72, 73, 74, 76, 225 274 (zAha dhI. dha. saMpA.) (saubhAgyAnaMdasUri)-256 - 274 'virahagItA' (prItama)-33 (rAje)-33 viraha-daisAuri-phAgu'-7, 278, 287 virahabAramAsI' 32 virATaparva'(nAka2)-249 (zAlisUri)-67 'vividhatIrthaMkalpa'-275 viveka-vaNajAro'-61 'vivekazataka'-85 vivekaharSa-103 vizvanAtha jAnI-61, 123, 133 viSNudAsa - 4, 55, 117, 123, 230,

Page #503
486 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 349,416 (bhAlaNasuta) 235 viSNudAsa nAmA-146 'viSNupada'-450 'viSNupurANa'-283 viharamAna-stavana'-102 'vItarAgasvatana'-85 'vInati'-375 'vIrajinastavana' (sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya)-99 vIrajI-56 'vIra-vardhamAna-jina-veli'-99 vIravijaya 72 vIrasiMha (varasaMga)-5, 204, 207 210,228, 236 'vIrasena-sAya'-66, 102 'vIrAMgada-copAI'-101 vetAlapaMcavIsI-rAsa'-78, 103 'vedAntanAM pado'(jIvaNadAsa)-449 (harikRSNajI)-449 vairAgyavinatI'-78, 102 'vairAgyazataka'-293 'vairAgyopadeza'-78 vyAsa kAntilAla ba.-252, 274, 276, 306, 307, 308 vyAsa maNilAla ba.-380 'vrajabhASAvyAkaraNa'-249 'zakuntalArAsa'-89 'zatruMjyacaityaparipATI-ttvana'-68, 102 'zatruMjayamaMDanatIrthodvA2Asa'-95 zarmA akSayacaMdra-305* 'zazikalA-copAI'-9 'zaMkarastuti'-41 zaMkarAcArya -106, 107, 329, 382, 407, 411, 412 'zAkuntala'-279 zArdULa bhagata (zAdala pI2)-12 zAmaLa -9, 10, 13, 18, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 220, 254, 255, 257, 303, 418 zAmaLazAhano vivAha'-55 'zAmaLazAno vivAha' premAnaMda) (narasiMha) -31, 32, 34 zAradALuM'-62 'zAlibhadrarAsa' (rAjatilakagaNi)-88 (haMsakRta)-43 'zAlibhadra-sajjhAya'-79 zAlibhadrasUri-42, 44 zAlisUri -67, 68 zAlihotra'-9 zAstrI ke. kA.-117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 149, 162, 168, 183, 184185, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 223, 224, 225, 228, 249, 250, 251, 374, 379, 380 zAstrI durgAzaMkara -31 zAstrI nAthAzaMkara -230

Page #504
zabdasUci 487 zAstrI vrajalAla kA-230 zAha dhIrajalAla dha.-274 zAha ramaNalAla cI.64 zAMtijinastavana'-85 zAMtinAthacaritra'-103 zAMtinAthavivAhalo'-87 zAMtinAthastavana'-95 zAMtisUri -89 ziyaLanI nava tADa-32, 34 zivagItA'-450 zivadattarAsa'-103 zivadAsa-56 zivabhIlaDIsaMvAda'-216, 229, 236, 237, 250 zizupAlavadha-279 zIlabatrIzI' -101 zIlarakSAprakAzarAsa' (nayasuMdara 5 zIlarAsa'-89 zIlavatI-kathA-92 zIlAvatIno rAsa'-48 zIlopadezamAlA' 81 "zukarAja-sAhelI' 79 zubhavardhanaziSya 89 zubhazIlagaNi88 zubhazIla muni - 81 zRMgAprakAza' - 48 "zRMgAramaMjarI' 91 zRMgAramALA'(narasiMha) 122, 149, 155 159, 161, 197 zeksapiyara 416 zeNI-vijANaMda 57 zedhajI kAzIsuta 11 zelI 424, 427 zopanahovara' 427 yAmadAsa 450 zyAvakSanAmeha' 13 zrAvaka-bAravrata-rAsa' 88 zrAvaka-manorathamAlA' 85 zrAvakacAra-copAI' 88 zrI kRSNajanmavadhAInAM pada (narasiMha) 122, 149, 163, 197 zrIkRSNajanma samAnAM pada' 122,149, 16 2, 197, 228 zrI kRSNalIlA' (kAvya) 307 zrIdatta-copAI 101 zrIdeva 450 zrIdhara 58, 62, 418 zrIdhara aDAlajo 214-217, 228, 229, 232, 236 zrIdharANI kRSNalAla 158 zrIneminAthAgu 292, 30, 305 zrIneminAphAgubaMdhana stutiH 300, 30pa 'zrIpAlacopAI (IzvarasUri) 89 zrIpAlarAsa' 9, 42, 48 (jJAnasAgara) 88 (labdhisAgara) 89

Page #505
488 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha : 2, khaMDa - 1 zrImadbhagavadgItA' 105, 106, 107, (mIrAM) 358 168, 343, 323, 376, 403, 404, "satabhAmAno garabo' - 37 405 satAra zAha- 14 (narahari )376 sattarabhedI pUjA' (sakalacaMdra) 99 zrImad bhAgavata 3,48, 50, 100, 110, (sAdhukIrti)103 112, 114, 115, 148, 143, 149, sadanA khATakI 12 150, 155, 163, 172, 199, 207, "sadayavatsavaprabaMdha 254 208, 231, 241, 281, 285, 290, sanatakumAra copaI 89 3para, 426 saptapadI rAsa'-44 zrImad rAjacaMdra 155 saptazatI' 233, 237, 243, 250 zrIvallabhAcArya mahAprabhujI ra49 * samaktisArArAsa - 70 zrI zAMtinAthastavana' 90 samayadhvaja103 zrIsAra copAI' 101 samara 301 zrI sImaMdharajinastotra 102 samaracaMdraziSya 89 zrI sImaMdharastavana' 99 'samarorAsu 5, 47, 253, 254, 274 zrIsUryadIvA-vAda-chaMda 62 "samasaMvedana' 428 zrIharigItA' 450 samudhara 292, 30, 30pa zreNika-rAsa' (brahmajinadAsa) 70 samyakta-kaumudI-copAI (bhIma bhAvasAra) 103 samyakta-kaumudI-rAsa' 94, 103 (samaracaMdraziSya) 89 samyaktasAra-rAsa' 88, 90 (somavimalasUri) 90 saravaDAM' (bhojo) 444 zreNika abhayakumAracarita' 68 sarasagItA 58 cetAzvatara-upaniSada'411 sarasvatIjInda' 79 paRtuvirahavarNana' 7 salokAno saMcaya' 60 sakalacaMdra upAdhyAya 66, 99, 10) sahajaratna 102 sagALazA AkhyAna' (vAsu) 51, 206,228 sahajasuMdara79, 103 "sajajhAya' (sakalaMcadra) 99 sahajAnaMda svAmI 3 'satabhAmAnuM rUsaNuM (mAMDaNa) 213 'saMgrahaNI 8

Page #506
zabdasUci 489 saMgrahaNI-rAsa' 89 saMgrAmasiMha - 8 saMghakalaza 88 saMghadAsagaNi 6 saMghavijaya 6 2 saMghavimala 88 "saMtacaritra 146 saMta nAmadeva" 146 saMtanAMlakSaNa' (akho) 394, 396 saMtanAM lakSaNa' (narahari) 376 saMtapriyA' 394, 396 saMta lAladAsa - 449 saMtarAma mahArAja 449 saMtonI vANI" 386, 449 saMvarakulaka' 85 saMta, paMta va taMta' 194 saMvegadhrumamaMjarI 89 saMvegabatrIzI 85 saMvegasuMdara 88 saMskRti (sAmA)196, 428 sAImona veila 343 sAkhI (akho) 396 (kalyANadAsajI)449 jitAmuninArAyaNa) 449 nirAMta) 436 (prItama) 443 (lAladAsa)449 sAkhI (vasto) 447 sAgara' (jagannAtha dA. tripATha) 430, 449 sAgaradatta-rAsa' 89 sAta vAra' (akho) 394, 396 sAdhukalpalatA 99 sAdhu kIrti6 6, 103 sAdhu meru 88 sAdhuratnasUri 89 sAdhuvaMdanA' pArjacaMdrasUri) 85 (vinayadevasUri) 87 (sakalacaMdra) 99 sAdhu haMsa - 43 sApho - 362 sAmaLadAsano vivAha' (narasiMha) 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 131, 133, 143, 186, 190, 228 (juo pR. 50) sArazikhAmaNarAsa' 88 sAsaravAsonorAsa' 70 sAhitya ane vivecana' 63. sAhitya (sAma)'-250 sAMDesarA bho. je. 1, 225, 257, 274, 278, 287, 291, 3%, 307, 308 siddhacakra-copAI' 89 siddhacakra-rAsa' 88 "siddhahema' 16, 17 'siddhAMta-copAI 78 'siddhAMtabiMdu 407 'siddhAMtavAsa'71 'sidhdhicakrarA. -88

Page #507
10 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMtha 2,khaMDa-1 siddhisUri 103 sudhanvAkhyAna (govida morAsuta) 11 siyAvakSanAmaha-6 2 'sudharmagacchaparIkSA 87 sirithUlibhadrasAgu 292 supana-sajhAya' 94 siriyUlibhad paryAlocana 305 'supArzvajina vivAhalo' 87 siMhakula 89 subaMdhu 2para siMhakula 89 subAhusaMdhi 102 siMhAsanabatrIzI' (jJAnacaMdra) 78 subbalakSmI - 357, 363 'siMhAsanabatrIzI' (malayacaMdra) 88 subhASitaratnAbhAMDAgAra' 2 siddhisUri) 103 sumatikIrtisUri 103 sItAcaritra' (hemaratnasUri92 sumati muni 102 sItAcopAI samAdhvaja 103 sumatisAdhu vivAhalo' 78 'sItAvivAha 237 sumatisuMdarasUriphAgu 292, 23, 302 'sItAvela' 61 sumitrakumArarAsa89 sItAsvayaMvara 55 suratasaMgrAma' (narasiMha) 119, 122, 250 "sItAharaNa' 5, 204, 228 suradAsa109, 110, 114, 165, 182, sImaMdharanA caMdrakalA 91 sImaMdhara-stavana (jayavaMtasUri) 91 surapriyakumArarAsa' 88 sImaMdhara svAmI-zobhAtaraMga' 89 surapriyakevalIrAsa' 78 sukhabodhAvRtti-81 surapriyacarita rAsa' 89 'sugaMdhadazamI vratakathA' 70 surasAgara' 165, 182 'suDAbahoterI' (ratnasuMdara) surasuMdarIcopAI 101 sudarzana-rAsa' 88 surasuMdarI-rAsa' (nayasuMdara) 45, 95 sudarzana zeTha copAI 87 surasena-rAsa'102 sudarzana zreSThino rAsa' (sAdhumeru) 88 "suraMgAbhidhanemi-phAga' 292 'sudAmAcaritra (narasiMha) 30,31,34,35, "surekhAharaNa' kuMvara)ra98 122, 148, 143, 145, 146, 189, susaDha-copAI 86 10, 197, 228 suMdararAjA-rAsa' 89 sudAmAcaritra' premAnaMda,51, para, 14ra vadIpavAda-chaMda' 78 231

Page #508
senA vALaMda 12 serisA-pArzvanAtha-stavana' 77, 78 sevaka89 senTa jahona oNpha dha kraoNsa 340, 341, 344, 362 senTa teresA - 106, 340, 36 2 senTe barnADa -106, 112 'saiddhAMtika vicAra' 87 'soDhI anedevaDAnuM gIta' 220 'sona-halAmaNa' 19 sonI ramaNa - 451 sonI2Ama 277, 278, 288 'saoNneTsa phroma dha porTugIjha' 345 somacaMda rAjAnI copAI' 102 somacaMdra sUri 88, 284 somavimalasUri 89--90, 103 'somavimalasUrirAsa' 90 somasuMdarasUri (phAgu-kavi) 292, 298 'soraThI saMtavANI' 12, 13 soLa satInIsajjhAya' 66 saubhAgyanaMdasUri 256 'starabhedIpUjA' 85 'staMbhana-pArzvanAtha-stuti'/stavana 93 'sthApanA-vijJapti' 85 'sthUlabhadra premavilAsa phLA'-91 'sthUlabhadra' bAsaThIo - 89 'sthUlibhadra-ekavIso' - 77 'sthUlibhadra-kozA-premavilAsa-kSaga' - zabdasUci 491 'sthUlibhadra-phAgu' 289 'sthUlibhadra-phAga' (mAladeva) 101, 292, 295 292,295 (jinapadmasUri) 294, 296, 305 (somasundarasUri) 292 'sthUlibhadra-mohanaveli' 91 'svapnavicAra-copAI' 89 svAmI saccidAnaMda 450 harakhajI - 11 harajI bhATI -12 haragovana - 28 haramAna gyotsa 363 harasaMvAda' 216 harasevaka 67 harikRSNajI 449 'haricaMdraprabaMdha' 89 'svAdhyAya' (sAma.) - 257, 274, 306 sviphrUTa 427 'hanumaMtarAsa' 70 'hanumaMtAkhyAna' 210, 211 hamIrasaMtakavi 13 hammIprabaMdha' 5, 257, 259 'hammI2Aso' 253 hiradAsa 55 haridAsa kva hiradAsa vALaMda 11 51

Page #509
492 gujarAtI sAhityano ItihAsa graMthaH 2, khaMDa-1, haribala-copAI 9 122, 204, 228 haribala-mAchI-copAI 89 'hArasamenAM pada 120, 123, 130, 132, 'haribaLano rAsa' 89 159, 190, 197, 203, 204, 224 harirasa11 'hitazikSA 62 harirAma 55 'hiMdI sAhitya' 431 "harilIlAmRta' (narahari) 376 'hiMdI sAhityano bRhad itihAsa' - 186 harilIlAviveka' 199 hIrakalaza 94 harilIlASoDazakalA 9, 198, 199, 202, hIrakuzala 103 203, 228, 230 233, 249, 370 "hIravijayasUri-dezanA-suraveli' 99 (e. bu. jAnI, saMpA.)-223, 324, 225 hIravijayasUri-rAsa' (RSabhadAsa) 43 harivaMza 105, 207, 208 (vivekaharSa) 103 harivaMzarAsa' (brahmajinadAsa) 70 hIrANaMda 11, 42 'harivilAsAgu 277, 278, 283-285 "hIMDoLAnAM pada 122, 149, 160, 197 haricaMndra rAjAno rAsa 89 hUMDI' (narasiMha) 123, 127, 129, 133, harizcaMdrAkhyAna' (nAkara) papa 189, 197, 228 harSakalaza 89 hUMDI' premAnaMdI para harSamuni 89 hemacaMdrAcArya 2, 3, 13, 16, 17, 18, 69, harSarAja 102 81, 92, 235, 305 harSavimala 102 hemaratnasUri 92 halarAja 292 pahemaratnasUri-phagu 23, 302 'hastAmalaka' (narahari) 376 "hemaratnasUriguru-phugu 292 'hastAmalaka' (bhANadAsa) 446 hemarAja 102 'hastAmalaka' (zrIdeva) 450 hemavimalasUri 88 "haMsavilAsa' 15 hemazrI sAdhvI 15, 95, 100 hiMsAulI' (zivadAsa) pa6 hothI sumaro hothIsAheba) 12, 450 "haMsAvatI vikramacaritra'56 homara 168 "hAjImahaMmadasmArakagraMtha 279, 306 horI bhojAnI) 444, 445 hArAmALA' 30, 31,34, 35, 117,

Page #510
kheDa : 1 graMtha : 2 gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa 'gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsanA pUrvaprakAzita cAra graMtho paikIno A bIjo graMtha (khaMDa 1) I.1450thI I.16 50 sudhInA sAhityanuM pravAhadarzana karAve che. madhyakALanAM sAhityasvarUponI gatividhino Alekha Apato, e samayagALAnA jaina sAhityane avalokato tathA narasiMhamIrAM-akho jevAM pramukha ane anya sarjakonAM kArya-pradAnanI vistRta mulavaNI. karato A khaMDa akhA pachInI jJAnamArgI kavitAnI carcA AgaLa pUro thAya che. ApaNA prathitayaza vidvAnonI kalamano lAbha maLyo hovAthI A itihAsaAlekha zAstrIya eTalo ja samRddha paNa banyo che. A zodhita-vardhita AvRttinA saMpAdanamAM DaoN. ramaNa sonInI vidvAna abhyAsI tarIkenI sUjha ane cokasAI prayojAyAM che. 'gujarAtI sAhityakoza'mAMnI ema pI kAmagIrIno lAbha paNa A za' - - thI A saMpAdana vizada ane che. A graMthamAMnI sAmagrI prama, jarAtI sAhityaitihAsanA banI raheze. - ilAla trivedI parAmarzaka