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XCVHI
FOREWORD
pleasure and pain are produced by sound in different minds) the Universe having Prasáda, Tápa and Dainya, cannot lead us to infer the Prakrti endowed with the three qualities, as the cause of it. Further, the similarity of cause and effect cannot be proved, because the Primordial Matter-the cause of the Universe-is one and enternal whereas the effects produced by it are many and non-eternal. Therefore, as an effect can be produced by its own cause which has the power to produce such an effect, there is no necessity to infer the Primordial Matter as the cause of the Universe.
II. Îs'varapariksâ.
Examination of God.
The Naiyayikas hold that the Universe cannot be caused only by lifeless matter unless it is handled by one intelligent creator who is eternal.
1. The Universe should be the product of an intelligent God, because it is an Avayavi (whole) and because it has the Avayavas (constituent parts) as the cause. Aviddhakarna.
2. The causes of the body, etc. namely the atoms of elements, are able to produce an effect which has a form only when handled by God. Aviddhakarna.
3. The atoms and the result of acts done in previous births combined together produce the effects, and in so doing they depend on the intelligence of God. Uddyotakara.
4. People in the beginning of creation are dependent on God for instruction on conventionalities because they are the same and fixed everywhere. Prasastamati.
5. The elements being lifeless cannot produce the feelings of pleasure, pain etc. unless they are handled by God. Uddyotakara.
6. God must be omniscient, as the doer always perceives the causes of his actions. The Universe being an object must be perceived by somebody, and that somebody is God. Prasastamati.
