Arddhmagadhi Aagama che Vividh Aayam Part 01

Author(s): Nalini Joshi
Publisher: Firodaya Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009489/1

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ardhamAgadhI AgamAMce vividha AyAma (khaMDa 1) (AcArAMga - sUtrakRtAMga) seTha hirAcaMda nemacaMda jaina adhyAsana phirodiyA prakAzana tattvajJAna vibhAga puNe vidyApITha puNe 411007 2014 nalinI jozI

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ardhamAgadhI AgamAMce vividha AyAma (hiMdI - marAThI -saMyukta) saMpAdana DaoN. nalinI jozI saMpAdana sahAyya DaoN. anItA botharA, jaina adhyAsana DaoN. kaumudI baladoTA, jaina adhyAsana prakAzaka phirodiyA prakAzana, seTha hirAcaMda nemacaMda jaina adhyAsana, tattvajJAna vibhAga, puNe vidyApITha, gaNezakhiMDa, puNe 411007 prAptisthAna sanmati-tIrtha (prAkRta va jainavidyA saMzodhana saMsthA ) 844, zivAjInagara, bI.ema.sI.sI. roDa, phirodiyA hosTela, puNe. 411004 dUradhvanI : (020) 25671088 sarva hakka surakSita : kevaLa khAjagI vitaraNAsAThI prakAzana : jAnevArI 2014 prathama AvRttI mUlya : ru.300/ akSara saMyojana : zrI. ajaya jozI mudraka : kalyANI kaoNrporezana, 1464, sadAziva peTha, puNe. 411030 phona : (020) 24471405

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* saMpAdakIya * puNe vidyApIThAtIla jaina adhyAsanAcyA mAdhyamAtUna gelI pAca varSe, kramAkramAne ardhamAgadhI bhASetIla 'aMga-graMtha' 'sanmati-tIrtha' saMsthecyA sakriya sahayogAne, 'phirodiyA sabhAgRhAta' zikaviNyAce kArya mana:pUrvaka karIta Ahe. jaina vidyecyA kSetrAta 10-12 varSe sanmatIcyA mAdhyamAtUna pragata adhyayana kelelyA sumAre 80 prauDha strI-puruSAMnI yA abhyAsavargAlA abhUtapUrva pratisAda dilA. ajUnahI deta Aheta. 15 jUna 2009 te 15 eprila 2013 yA kAlAvadhIta AcArAMga (khaMDa 1-2) ANi sUtrakRtAMga (khaMDa 1 - 2) yA graMthAMtIla vecaka bhAgAMcA bhASika, dArzanika ANi taulanika dRSTIne samIkSAtmaka abhyAsa kelA. prativarSI, tyA abhyAsakramAvara AdhArita azI nibaMdha-vAcanAcI satre Ayojita karaNyAta AlI. pratyeka vidyArthyAne vegaLA viSaya gheUna, tyA Agama-graMthAcA vegaLA pailU najaresamora ANalA. tyAvara yogya te saMpAdakIya saMskAra karUna prastuta pustaka tayAra kele Ahe. sva. navalamalajI phirodiyA yAMnI jaina adhyAsanAsa prakAzanAsAThI upalabdha karUna dilelyA nidhItUna he pustaka prakAzita karIta Ahota. tyAMcyA sphUrtiprada smRtIlA vinamra praNAma ! ApalyA pityAce kArya puDhe surU ThevaNAr2yA mA. abhayajI phirodiyA yAMnA, tyAMcyA amUlya sahakAryAbaddala zatazaH dhanyavAda ! DaoN. nalinI jozI prAdhyApikA, jaina adhyAsana

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AcArAMga vividha AyAma ( zrutaskaMdha 1 ANi 2 ) --

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AcArAMga - vividha AyAma (zrutaskandha 1, 2) anukramaNikA lekhaka kra. zIrSaka pRSTha kra. 3 30 (1) AcArAMga - prastAvanA (2)AcArAMgasUtra (1-2) ke vividha AyAma DaoN. nalinI jozI 12 (3)AcArAMga : vidyArthiyoM ke vicAra-unmeSa 1) mahAvIrAMcyA dRSTIne vIra koNa ? DaoN. nalinI jozI 17 2) aizvaryAtIla dAridrya sImA surANA 21 3) AcArAMga : manovaijJAnika dRSTI saMgItA kaTAriyA 4) malamUtravisarjanAcI khabaradArI madanabAI loDhA 5) IryeSaNA : zrAvakAMcI kAMtA gAMdhI 6) bhASeSaNA adhyayana meM nArIvicAra arjuna nirvANa 7) AcArAMgakAlIna khAdyasaMskRti savitA munota 8) ahiMsA paramo dharmaH maMju copaDA 9) bhASAjAta adhyayana : kAhI vicAra sumatilAla bhaMDArI 10) IryeSaNA ANi pradUSaNa latA bAgamAra 11) AcArAMga : upodghAta ANi upasaMhAra jyotsnA muthA 12) AtmajijJAsepAsUna AtmadarzanAparyaMta pAramitA khaNase 13) AcArAMga meM sAmAjika utsava saMgItA munota 14) jaina bauddha AcAra vicAra : sAmya-bheda zakuMtalA kemakara 46 15) AcArAMgAta vanaspatI ANi paryAvaraNa sAdhanA desaDalA 49 3 33 37 40 42 44

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kra. zIrSaka lekhaka pRSTha kra. 16) sAdhu AcArAsa zrAvaka kasA pUraka Tharela? zobhA loDhA 51 17) sAdhUMcI rogacikitsA kamala botharA 18) mahAvIrAMnI nirIkSaNAlA dilele mahattva kalpanA muthA 19) karmapravRtti evaM hiMsA arjuna nirvANa 20) AcArAMgAcA maulyavAna saMdeza zakuMtalA coraDiyA 59 21) AcArAMga : eka ciMtana kamalA khiMvasarA 61 * AcArAMga - kAvyakuMja 1) AcArAMga - kAvyAtUna 2) AcArAMga bodha 3) kAvyAtUna bhASAjAta 4) Natthi kAlassa NAgamo 5) malA umagalele bhASAjAta DaoN. nalinI jozI 63 mRNAlinI chAjeDa lalitA osavAla 69 zakuMtalA coraDiyA 71 AzA kAMkariyA 74

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AcArAMga prastAvanA ardhamAgadhI Agama grantha jaina sAhitya kA prAcInatama bhAga mAnA jAtA hai / ardhamAgadhI meM Aja jo Agama upalabdha haiM ve zvetAmbara paramparA meM mahAvIravANI nAma se jAne jAte haiM / Adhunika kAla meM AgamoM kI saMkhyA ke bAre meM do mAnyatAe~ haiM / eka mAnyatA ke anusAra ardhamAgadhI Agama 32 haiM to dUsarI mAnyatA ke anusAra 45 haiM / prakIrNakoM kI amAnyatA tathA mAnyatA ke kAraNa yaha saMkhyA-bheda hai / 45 AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai / 1) 11 aMga (12 vA~ dRSTivAda) 2) 12 upAMga 4) 6 chedasUtra 6) 2 cUlikAsUtra 3) 4 mUlasUtra 5) 10 prakIrNaka kramAMka ardhamAgadhI AyAraMga sUyagaDaMga ThANaga samavAyaMga viyAhapaNNatti nAyAdhammakahA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. .9. uvAsagadasA aMtagaDadasA aNuttarovavAiyadasA paNhAvAgaraNa vivAgasu diTThivAya 1 (nandI tathA anuyogadvAra) saMskRta AcArAGga sUtrakRtAGga sthAnAGga samavAyAGga vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatI ) jJAtAdharmakathA upAsakadazA aMtakRddazA anuttaraupapAtikadazA praznavyAkaraNa vipAkasUtra (zruta) dRSTivAda

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nadIsUtra ke anusAra zruta ke do bheda batAe gaye haiM / aMgabAhya aura aMgapraviSTa / aMgapraviSTa ke AcArAMga Adi bAraha bheda haiM jo dvAdazAMgI nAma se prasiddha hai / aMga-Agama choDakara bAkI ke jo upAMga vagairaha haiM unako aMgabAhya I kahA jAtA hai / 1 jaina paramparA ke anusAra 'pUrva' nAmaka grantha zrutajJAna kA akSayakoSa hai / pUrvoM kI saMkhyA 14 batAyI gaI hai / jJAnI muniyoM ke vizeSaNa pUrvoM ke adhyayana se sambandhita dikhAI dete haiM / jaise caturdazapUrvadhArI, dazapUrvadhArI i. / bha. mahAvIra kI zrutarAzi 14 pUrva yA dRSTivAda nAma se jAnI jAtI thI / lekina bha. mahAvIra ke samaya hI 14 pUrvoM ke atirikta dRSTivAda kA jo bhAga thA vaha lupta huA thaa| bha. mahAvIra ne jo upadeza diye vaha 14 pUrvoM ke AdhArapara hI diye / gyAraha gaNadharoM ne unake upadeza ke AdhAra se AcArAMga Adi 11 aMgoM kI racanA kI / yadyapi dRSTivAda anupalabdha thA tathApi paramparA kI dRSTi se unhoMne dRSTivAda ko bArahaveM krama para rakhA / isa prakAra dvAdazAMgI gaNipiTaka bana gayA / dvAdazAMgI meM AcArAMga kA sthAna pahalA hai / isake bAre meM do mata haiM / eka mata ke anusAra AcArAMga sthApanA krama kI dRSTi se pahalA hai lekina racanAkrama kI dRSTi se antima hai / niryuktikAra bhadrabAhu ke anusAra racanA aura krama donoM kI dRSTi se AcArAMga hI prathama hai / niryukti tathA bhASya meM AcArAMga ke bAre meM jo jAnakArI milatI hai, usake AdhArapara hama kaha sakate haiM ki A. bhadrabAhu ne AcArAMga ke dUsare zrutaskandha kI ('AyAracUlA' kI) racanA kI aura usake pazcAt do zrutaskandhoM kI vyavasthA kI / mUlabhUta prathama aMga kA nAma AcArAMga athavA brahmacarya adhyayana hai / niryukti meM ise nava-brahmacaryAdhyayanAtmaka kahA 2

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hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke bhI do nAma haiM - AyAragga (AcArAgra) aura AyAracUlA (AcAracUlA) / niyukti meM AcArAMga ke dasa paryAyavAcI nAma isa prakAra batAye haiN| 1. AyAra - yaha AcaraNIya kA pratipAdaka hai, isalie 'AcAra' hai / 2. AcAla - yaha nibiDa bandhana ko kampita karatA hai, isalie 'AcAla' AgAla - yaha cetanA ko samabhAva meM avasthita karatA hai, isalie 'AgAla' hai| Agara - yaha Atmika-zuddhi ke ratnoM kA utpAdaka hai, isalie 'Agara' 4. 5. 6. 7. AsAsa - yaha santrasta cetanA ko AzvAsana dene meM kSama hai, isalie 'AzvAsa' hai| Ayarisa - isameM 'iti-kartavyatA' dekhI jA sakatI hai, isalie yaha 'Adarza' hai| aMga - yaha antastala meM sthita ahiMsA Adi ko vyakta karatA hai. isalie 'aGga' hai / AiNNa - isameM Acarita-dharma kA bhI pratipAdana hai, isalie yaha 'AcIrNa' hai| AjAi - isase jJAna Adi AcAroM kI prasUti hotI hai, isalie AjAti 10. Amokkha - yaha bandhana-mukti kA sAdhana hai, isalie 'AmokSa' hai /

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AcArapaMcaka AcArAMga ke vyAkhyAkAroM ne batAyA hai ki AcArAMga meM 1) jJAnAcAra 2) darzanAcAra 3) cAritrAcAra 4) tapAcAra aura 5) vIryAcAra varNita hai / isakA matalaba yaha nahIM hai ki hamAre sAmane jo AcArAMga upalabdha hai usameM kramase AcAra Aye haiM / phira bhI jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya ye saba mudde AcArAMga ke sabhI adhyayanoM meM nihita haiM / isa paMcavidha AcAra kA mUla srota AcArAMga hI hai / jaise ki satthapariNNA Adi adhyayanoM meM pramukhatA se jJAnAcAra; sammatta Adi adhyayanoM meM pramukhatA se darzanAcAra; logasAra, dhuya Adi adhyayanoM meM pramukhatA se cAritrAcAra; sIosaNijja, vimokkha Adi adhyayanoM meM tapAcAra aura uvahANa-suya Adi adhyayanoM meM pramukhatA se vIryAcAra varNita hai / 'AcAra' zabda kA eka viziSTa artha uttaravartI AcAryoM ne spaSTa kiyA hai / pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, pariSaha Adi svarUpa jo muniAcAra hai, una sabakA mUla srota AcArAMga hI hai / lekina AcArAMga ke sUtroM kA agara hama artha-dRSTi se avalokana kareM to yaha mAlUma paDatA hai ki sabhI jIvoM ke prati saMvedanazIlatA tathA vicAracetanA kI jAgRti karanA hI AcArAMga kA prayojana hai| uttaravartI kAla meM jisa prakAra karmakANDAtmaka AcAra sthApita huA usakA pAribhASika aura kramabaddha svarUpa AcArAMga meM nahIM dikhAI detA / isI vicAra se zAyada uttaravartI AcAryoM ne (prAyaH bhadrabAhu ne) eSaNAsvarUpa dvitIya zrutaskandha kI racanA kI hogii|

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AcArAMga : bAhya racanA I AcArAMga sUtra kA dvAdaza aMgoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai, isalie ise aMgoM kA sAra kahA hai / 'sAmAyika' nAma se bhI isakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / nirgrantha aura nirgranthiniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA yahA~ vistAra se varNana hai / isameM do zrutaskandha haiM / prathama zrutaskandha meM 9 adhyayana haiM jo 'baMbhacera' (brahmacarya) kahalAte haiM / inameM 44 uddezaka haiM / dvitIya zrutaskandha meM 16 adhyayana haiM jo tIna cUlikAoM meM vibhakta haiM / donoM ke viSaya aura varNanazailI dekhakara jAna paDatA hai ki pahalA zrutaskandha dUsare kI apekSA adhika maulika aura prAcIna hai / yaha gadya aura padya donoM meM hai, kucha gAthAe~ anuSTup chanda meM haiM / isakI bhASA prAcIna prAkRta kA namUnA hai / 'evaM me suyaM' (aisA maiMne sunA hai), 'tti bemi' (aisA maiM kahatA hU~) Adi vAkya prAcInatA ke dyotaka haiM / 1 isa grantha sUtra para A. bhadrabAhu ne niryukti, jinadAsagaNi ne cUrNi aura zIlAMka (i.sa. 8) ne vRtti likhI hai / AcArAMga ( prathama zrutaskandha) kI viSayavastu uddezaka viSaya kra. nAma 1. zastra-parijJA 2. loka-vijaya 3. 4. zItoSNIya samyaktva 7 6 4 4 jIvasaMyama, SaDjIvakAya - yatanA / bandha aura mukti kA prabodha, laukika santAna kA gaurava - tyAga / - uSNa sukha-duHkha titikSA, zIta - u Adi pariSahoM para vijaya / samyak-dRSTikoNa, aprakampanIya samyaktva /

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5. lokasAra 6 asAra kA parityAga aura loka meM sArabhUta ratnatrayI kI ArAdhanA, saMsAra se udvega / 6. dhuta anAsakti, karmoM ko kSINa karane kA upAya / 7. mahAparijJA (lupta) moha se utpanna pariSahoM aura upasargoM kA samyak sahana, vaiyAvRtya / 8. vimokSa 8 niryANa (antakriyA) kI samyak sAdhanA, tapasyA kI vidhi / 9. upadhAna-zruta bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA Acarita AcAra kA pratipAdana, strI-saMga-tyAga / adhyayanoM ke zIrSakoM kA artha 1. prathama adhyayana : prathama adhyayana kA nAma zastraparijJA (satthapariNNA) hai| 'zastra' kA matalaba hai hiMsA kA upakaraNa / isa adhyayana meM dravyazastroM kI tanika bhI carcA nahIM hai / mana, vacana aura kAyA se jo-jo bhI anucita vyavahAra hama khuda se, dUsaroM se karate haiM use hI yahA~ 'zastra' kahA hai / parijJA (pariNNA) zabda kA artha hai - hamAre AsapAsa meM jina jina cIjoM kA astitva hai una sabakA svarUpa ThIka taraha se jAnanA / ii) unake prati Atmyaupamya buddhi se vivekapUrNa bartAva karanA tathA iii) isake phalasvarUpa hiMsArUpI zastra se virata yAne nivRtta honA /

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iv) itanA sArA garbhita artha isa 'parijJA' zabda meM abhipreta hai / prastuta adhyayana kA pratipAdya viSaya jIvanasaMyama aura ahiMsA hai / prastuta adhyayana kA Arambha khuda ke astitva kI jijJAsA se hotA hai / dvitIya adhyayana : dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma lokavijaya (logavijaya) hai / 'loka' zabda ke aneka artha haiM lekina yahA~ loka kA matalaba hai 'parigraha' aura 'aaskti'| aparigraha kI vRtti aura anAsakta jIvana jIne kA upadeza isameM hai / svajana meM Asakti na karanA, viSaya aura kaSAyoM ko DhIla nahIM denA, jAti Adi kA mada nahIM karanA, bhogoM meM Asakta na honA, ekalavihAra na karanA tathA mamatva kA varjana karanA, ye saba lokavijaya ke sAdhana haiM / isa adhyayana kA paryAyI nAma 'lokavicaya' bhI diyA gayA hai| vicaya kA eka artha 'parigraha' hai (vi + ci dhAtu ke anusAra) / kucha abhyAsakoM ke anusAra prAkRta zabda ' vicaya' kA saMskRta rUpa 'vijaya' bana jAtA hai| 'mamAyamANa' (mamatva rakhanevAlA) tathA 'parigijjha' (Asakta hokara) ina do padoM se to 'lobhavijaya' yaha aparanAma bhI isa adhyayana ke lie arthapUrNa hai / 3. tRtIya adhyayana : tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma zItoSNIya (sIosaNijja) hai / sAdhanAkAla meM AnevAlI zIta aura uSNa sthitiyoM ko sahane kA vidhAna isameM kiyA gayA hai / isalie isakA nAma 'zItoSNIya' rakhA gayA hai / zIta pada se anukUla aura uSNa pada se pratikUla kA grahaNa kiyA gayA I hai / prastuta adhyayana kA Arambha zayana aura jAgaraNa kI avasthA ke 7

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4. viSaya se hotA hai / zIta aura uSNa yAne anukUla aura pratikUla pariSaha sahana karate samaya muni sadA jAgRta rahakara ve samabhAva se sahana karatA hai / isa samatAbuddhi kA pAlana isa adhyayana kA aura pUre AcArAMga kA hI pratipAdana hai / isI vajaha se aneka granthoM meM AcArAMga kA paryAyavAcI nAma 'sAmAyika' bhI diyA hai / caturtha adhyayana : caturtha adhyayana kA nAma samyaktva ( sammatta ) hai / kaSAyoM kA vamana karanA hI dharma hai aura samyaktva hI kaSAyoM kA vamana karane kA pradhAna kAraNa hai / isalie AcArAMga meM prastuta adhyayana kA atyanta gauravapUrNa sthAna hai / cUrNikAra ne likhA hai - 'catuHzAlA ke madhya meM rakhA huA dIpaka usa sampUrNa catuHzAlA ko prakAzita kara detA hai, vaise hI AcArAMga sUtra kA yaha madhyagata adhyayana sampUrNa AcAra ( AcArAMga ) ko Alokita karatA hai / ' isa adhyayana ke cAra uddezakoM meM krama se samyagvAda, anya dharmamatoM kI parIkSA, samyak tapa kA varNana aura bAla-tapa kA niSedha, niyamana yA saMyamana kA saMkSipta kathana nirdiSTa hai / tAtparya kI bhASA meM pahale uddezaka meM samyagdarzana, dUsare meM samyagjJAna, tIsare meM samyaktapa aura cauthe meM samyakcAritra kA nirUpaNa hai / isa adhyayana kA Arambha 'savve pANA na haMtavvA' isa pratipAdana se hotA hai / isa ahiMsAbhAva ko hI tathya, vAstavikatA aura samyagdarzana kahA hai / paMcama adhyayana : paMcama adhyayana kA nAma lokasAra (logasAra ) hai / adhyayana kA Arambha 'AvaMtI' zabda se hone ke kAraNa isakA dUsarA nAma 8

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6. 7. 'AvaMtI' bhI hai / isake chaha uddezakoM meM isa prazna kA vicAra kiyA hai ki, 'isa asAra saMsAra meM sAra kyA hai ?' sAmAnyataH logoM ko striyA~, I dhana tathA vividha parigraha sArabhUta lagate haiM / lekina ahiMsA, virati, aparigraha, svAdhyAya, gupti tathA unmArga kA varjana ye cIjeM bha. mahAvIra ne 'sArarUpa' batAI haiM / chaThA adhyayana : chaTheM adhyayana kA nAma dhuta (dhuya) hai / 'dhu' ('dhU') isa kriyA kA mUlagAmI artha hai - hilAnA, jhaTakanA, prakampita karanA / sAdhu ko cAhie ki vaha pA~ca mahattvapUrNa cIjeM dUra kareM, prakampita kareM / svajanoM ke prati Asakti, AtmA meM praviSTa karmapudgala, zarIra aura upakaraNoM ke prati mamatva, tIna gArava tathA anukUla-pratikUla pariSaha ye saba cIjeM jhaTakane, dUra karane tathA tyAgane yogya haiM / 'dhutavAda' karmanirjarA kA siddhAnta hai / jina-jina hetuoM se karmanirjarA hotI hai una sabakI I 'dhuta' saMjJA hai / saptama adhyayana : saptama adhyayana kA nAma mahAparijJA (mahApariNNA) hai| mahApariNNA yAne viziSTa jJAna ke dvArA mohajanya doSoM ko jAnakara viveka se (pratyAkhyAna parijJA se ) usakA tyAga karanA / prastuta adhyayana meM vibhinna mohajanya sthiti ke upasthita hone para vaha kisI camatkAra evaM yantra-mantra kA prayoga karake moha ke pravAha meM na baheM kintu una pariSahoM para vijaya prApta kareM / isa adhyayana meM mohajanya aneka doSoM kA ullekha thA / ataH isase sAmAnya sAdhakoM ke jIvana meM zithilatA Ane kI sambhAvanA thI / 9

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8. camatkAroM kA durupayoga bhI ho sakatA thA / isI dRSTi ko sAmane rakhakara sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie usake paDhane kA niSedha kiyA gayA thA / isa kAraNa usakA paThana-pAThana kama ho gayA aura bAda meM vaha lupta ho gayA hogA / aSTama adhyayana : aSTama adhyayana kA nAma 'vimokSa' (vimokkha) hai| vimokSa kA mUlabhUta artha hai - chuTakArA pAnA / kina-kina cIjoM se hameM chuTakArA pAnA hai inakA vistArapUrvaka varNana isa adhyayana meM hai / anya tIrthikoM ke matoM kA parihAra, akalpanIya AhAra kA tyAga, AzaMkAdi doSoM kA varjana, upakaraNa tathA zarIra ke Asakti se chuTakArA tathA antima avasthA meM saMlekhanApUrvaka anazana ye saba viSaya krama se isa adhyayana meM pratipAdita haiM / navama adhyayana : navama adhyayana kA nAma 'upadhAnazruta' ( uvahANasuya) hai / 'upadhAna' kA mUlagAmI artha hai ' takiyA' / zarIra ke uttamAMga kA ( mastaka kA) AdhAra jisa prakAra takiyA hai usI prakAra mAnavI jIvana ke sarvazreSTha uddiSTa sAdhya karane kA AdhAra 'tapa' hai / vividha Agama-granthoM meM upadhAna (uvahANa)zabda kA prayoga tapa ke sAtha (tavovahANa) athavA tapa kA paryAyavAcI zabda ke rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai / spaSTa hai ki isa adhyayana meM tapasyA kA varNana hai / isa adhyayana ke sUtra do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiye jA sakate haiN| bha. mahAvIra dvArA Acarita (AcIrNa) tapasyA kA varNana eka vibhAga meM hai / dUsare vibhAga meM medhAvI, saMyamI sAdhu ne kisa prakAra kI taposAdhanA karanI cAhie isakA sAmAnya upadezAtmaka varNana hai / sAdhu kI caryA, zayyA, 10

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pariSaha tathA rogoM kI acikitsA ye viSaya sAmAnyataH varNita haiM / 'ahAsuyaM vadissAmi' ina zabdoM se adhyayana kA Arambha hotA hai / isameM bha. mahAvIra kI kaThora tapazcaryA kA vistRta aura yathArtha varNana atyanta prabhAvI zabdoM meM diyA gayA hai / anya saba adhyayanoM se bhASA zailI alaga hai / varNana se spaSTa dikhAI detA hai ki isa adhyayana kA pratipAdana anya AgamoM kI taraha 'sudharmA ne jambU ko' kiyA hai / sampUrNa adhyayana padyabaddha hai / bhASika dRSTi se yaha spaSTataH uttaravartI racanA hai / 11

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AcArAMgasUna ke vividha AyAma (jaina adhyAsana dvArA sanmati-tIrtha ke sahayoga se Ayojita dvi-divasIya carcAsatra pharavarI 2011) prastAvanA : phirodiyA hosTela meM lagabhaga 70 vidyArthI-vidyArthinI do sAla se AcArAMga khaMDa 1 tathA 2 kA adhyayana kara rahe the / DaoN. nalinI jozI ne, pharavarI meM unake lie AcArAMga ke carcAsatra kA Ayojana kiyA / prAya: sabhI yAne 65 vidyArthI usameM zAmila the / / viSaya kA cunAva hareka vidyArthI ne apane ruci ke anusAra kiyA / 'bhASeSaNA', 'I]SaNA', 'zastraparijJA' evaM 'vimukti' ye adhyayana kAphI lokapriya rahe / AcArAMga kI sadya:kAlIna prastutatA kA jikra bhI 3-4 nibaMdhoM meM kiyA gyaa| cAra-pA~ca lekhakoM ne kavitA meM DhAlakara apane vicAra vyakta kiye| nibaMdha-lekhana kI maryAdA phulaskepa thI / unakA prakaTa vAcana evaM abhiprAya pradarzana bahuta hI udbodhaka rahA / viSayoM kI vividhatA itanI anUThI thI ki unheM aMkita karanA hamane hamArA kartavya mAnA / prastuta lekha meM AraMbha meM viSaya-sUci dI hai / usake anantara namUne ke taurapara kucha lekha diye haiM / vAcakagaNa unakA Ananda uThAe~ aura hameM apane apane abhiprAya avazya bhejeM /

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* AcArAMga para AdhArita laghunibandhoM kI viSayasUci * 1) savitA munota : AcArAMgakAlIna khAdyasaMskRti 2) AzA kAMkariyA : malA umagalele bhASAjAta 3) latA bAgamAra : I]SaNA ANi pradUSaNa 4) saMgItA kaTAriyA : AcArAMgAcI manovaijJAnika dRSTi 5) kAMtA gAMdhI : I]SaNA zrAvakAMcI sumatilAla bhaMDArI : bhASAjAta adhyayana : kAhI vicAra 7) kamalA khiMvasarA : AcArAMga eka ciMtana 8) rAjazrI zeTiyA : AcArAMgAtUna upamA va dRSTAMtAMce sUcana 9) zobhA loDhA : AcArAMgAcI vyAvahArika upayuktatA 10) kalpanA muthA : mahAvIrAMnI nirIkSaNAlA dilele mahattva 11) sImA surANA : aizvaryAtIla dAridraya 12) saMgItA munota : AcArAMgakAlIna sAmAjika utsava 13) chAyA osavAla : AcArAMgAcyA dona zrutaskaMdhAtIla pharaka 14) DaoN.maMju copaDA : ahiMsA paramo dharmaH 15) arjuna nirvANa : bhASeSaNA adhyayana meM nArI vicAra 16) zakuMtalA kemakara : jaina va bauddha AcAravicAra 17) jyotsnA muthA : AcArAMga : upodghAta va upasaMhAra 18) pAramitA khaNase : AtmajijJAsepAsUna AtmadarzanAparyaMta 19) saMgItA nahATA : bhASAsamiti : AcArAMga ANi dhammapada 20) sAdhanA desaDalA : AcArAMgAta vanaspatI ANi paryAvaraNa 13

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21) caMdA samadaDiyA : paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA 22) zakuMtalA coraDiyA : Natthi kAlassa NAgamo 23) mRNAlinI chAjeDa : AcArAMga - bodha 24) kamala botharA : sAdhUMcI rogacikitsA 25) lalitA osavAla : kAvyAtUna bhASAjAta 26) nirmalA kAMkariyA : jIvanAta yatanece mahattva 27) suvitA bhansALI : 'vimukti' adhyayana 28) prakAza bAgamAra : bhASaiSaNA' adhyayanAce rasagrahaNa 29) caMdrakalA bAgamAra : lokasArAtIla subhASite 30) caMcalA koThArI : 'vimukti' adhyayanAcA sArAMza 31) puSpA ziMgavI : AcArAMga : jIo aura jIne do 32) raMjanA ziMgavI : sAdhUne gRhasthAMcyA vasatisthAnAta kA rAhU naye? 33) sunaMdA bhaTevarA : AcArAMga eka vizleSaNa 34) kamalA luMkaDa : dharmakathA 35) brijabAlA zrIzrImALa : dAtA kI zuddhi 36) maniSA bhaTevarA : AhAra bhogane kI vidhi 37) uSA tAtheDa : hameM kyA bananA hai ? 38) vimala sU. bhaTevarA : mukti ke sAdhana 39) jayabAlA zahA : upadhAnazruta 40) haMsA nahAra : AcArAMga : mokSa kA meDisina 41) nirmalA bokariyA : 'lokavijaya' adhyayana kI sArthakatA 14

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42) punItA coraDiyA : zastraparijJA 43) vidyA khiMvasarA : ekeMdriya jIva 44) AratI navalAkhA : IryeSaNA 45) premA dhumAvata : lokavijaya 46) puSpA borA : AraMbha-samAraMbha 47) bAlacaMda mAlu : zastraparijJA 48) vimala vi. bhaTevarA : samitIMce pAlana 49) lInA saMcetI : sAdhu kI rogacikitsA 50) latA DAgaliyA : saMkhaDI 51) smitA bAgamAra : AcArAMgAtIla nivaDaka vicAra 52) saralA bhaMDArI : vanaspatikAyika jIva va paryAvaraNa 53) saMtoSa bhansALI : malA umajalele AcArAMga 54) prakAza loDhA : apkAyika jIva 55) madanabAI loDhA : malamUtravisarjana 56) anItA muthA : vimukti 57) anItA dhokA : AcArAMga ke paryAyavAcI nAma 58) zailA loDhA : AcArAMgAcI sadya:kAlIna prastutatA 59) manISA kulakarNI : ahiMsA : gItetIla ANi AcArAMgAtIla 60) kumudinI bhaMDArI : AcArAMga se hama kyA sIkhe ? 61) rekhA chAjeDa : mahAvIrAMcI sAdhanA

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62) lIlAvatI pokaraNA : bhASeSaNA 63) pratibhA lalavANI : IryeSaNA 64) saMgItA baladoTA : AcAra : jaina, bauddha evaM vaidika 65) madhubAlA coraDiyA : AcArAMga kA zramaNAcAra aura vartamAna paristhiti 16

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AcArAMga : vidyArthiyoM ke vicAra-unmeSa (1) mahAvIrAMcyA dRSTIne 'vIra' koNa ? (dai. prabhAtacyA mahAvIra vizeSAMkAta prasidhda jhAlelA lekha, 2011) - DaoN. nalinI jozI jaina dharmAce 24 ve tIrthaMkara 'bha. mahAvIra' yAMcI aitihAsikatA nirvivAdapaNe dRDhamUla jhAlI Ahe. isavI sana pUrva 599 madhye 'magadha' (athavA matAMtarAne 'videha') janapadAtIla 'kSatriyakuMDa' gaNarAjyAta 'jJAta' kuLAtIla rAjA siddhArtha va 'trizalAdevI' yAMcyA poTI 'caitra zuddha trayodazIcyA' madhyarAtrI bha. mahAvIrAMcA janma jhAlA. yA tejasvI bAlakAce nAva 'vardhamAna' ase Thevale. tyAMnA 'mahAvIra' he vizeSaNa kA lAvale gele yAviSayI tyAMcyA bAlapaNAtIla zaurya va dhADasAcyA kathA paraMparene noMdavilelyA Aheta. vardhamAna bAlapaNApAsUnaca jJAna-pratibhAsaMpanna, ekAMtapriya va ciMtanazIla hote. vayAcyA 28 vyA varSI, mAtApityAMcyA mRtyUnaMtara Apale jeSTha baMdhU naMdivardhana yAMcyA anumatIne tyAMnI sAdhujIvanAcI tayArI surU kelI. tyAnaMtara tyAMnI eka varSabhara dIna-du:khI-garajU lokAMnA vipula dAne dilI. __vayAcyA tisAvyA varSI 'mArgazIrSa kRSNa dazamIlA' tyAMnI 'dIkSA' ghetalI. tyAnaMtara sADe bArA varSe tyAMnI kaThora tapasyA kelI. 'vaizAkha zuddha dazamIlA' tyAMnA kevalajJAna' prApta jhAle. bodhIcI caramAvasthA prApta kelyAvara tyAMnI vihAra karata dharmopadeza deNyAsa AraMbha kelA. tyAMcyA vayAcyA 72 vyA varSAparyaMta arthAt 'azvina kRSNa amAvasyecyA' madhyarAtrIparyaMta tyAMnI prANimAtrAMcyA kalyANAsAThI niraMtara upadeza kelA. jaina loka divALIcyA rAtrI dIpa prajjvalana karUna tyAMcA nirvANotsava sAjarA karatAta. 17

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bha. mahAvIrAMnI 'ardhamAgadhI' yA lokabhASeta kelele upadeza tyAMcyA ziSyAMnI saMkalita kele. te sumAre 1000 varSe maukhika paraMparene jatana kele gele. tyAnaMtara mhaNaje isavI sanAcyA pAcavyA zatakAta te gujarAtamadhIla 'valabhI' yethe jhAlelyA zvetAMbara sAdhu pariSadeta graMthArUDha karaNyAta Ale. Aja ApalyAsamora asalele akarA 'aMga' graMtha 'mahAvIravANI' yA nAvAne oLakhale jAtAta. pahilA aMgagraMtha 'AcArAMga' nAvAne suprasiddha Ahe. prAkRta bhASAtajjJAMnI yA graMthAcA pahilA vibhAga 'ardhamAgadhI' bhASecA sarvAta prAcIna namunA mhaNUna svIkArArha mAnalA Ahe. yA graMthAcA abhyAsa karIta asatAnA tyAtIla 'vIra' ANi 'mahAvIra' yA zabdAMkaDe mAjhe lakSa vedhale gele. bha. mahAvIra svata: 'vIra' zabda koNakoNatyA saMdarbhAta vAparatAta yAcI utsukatA lAgUna rAhilI. tyAMce tadviSayaka vicAra yA lekhAta mAMDale Aheta. AcArAMgAcI bhASAzailI upaniSadAMzI atizaya miLatIjuLatI Ahe. mahAvIrAMcyA upadezAcA kALa hA vaidika paraMparetIla upaniSatkALAzI nikaTatA rAkhaNArA asalyAne, hI goSTa naisargikaca Ahe. 'vIra' hA zabda vAcyArthAne raNAMgaNAvara parAkrama gAjaviNAr2yA yoddhyAcA vAcaka Ahe. AcArAMgAta mAtra to medhAvI, vivekI munIsAThI upayojita karaNyAta AlA Ahe. 'zastraparijJA' ANi 'lokavijaya' yA zIrSakAMcyA adhyayanAMmadhye tyAMnI yA zabdAcA jAstIta jAsta upayoga kelA Ahe. arthAtaca hA 'AdhyAtmika vijaya' Ahe, raNAMgaNAvarIla vijaya navhe. 'atyucca AtmakalyANa' he dhyeya, uddiSTa Ahe. 'ahiMsece pAlana' hA tyAcA mArga Ahe. te mhaNatAta, 'paNayA vIrA mahAvIhiM'-arthAt vIrapuruSa yA mahApathAlA samarpita Aheta ( jasA yoddhA dhyeyapUrtIsAThI samarpita asato tase). ase vIra 'parAkramI' Aheta. te sAdhanetIla aDathaLe, vighne yAvara mAta karatAta. 18

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bAhya, dRSya zatrUvara hallA karUna tyAMnA nestanAbUda karaNArA hA parAkrama navhe. hA tara 'saMyamAcA parAkrama' Ahe. AjUbAjUcyA trasa (hAlacAla karU zakaNAr2yA) jIvAMnA tara hA vIra japatoca paNa pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu va vanaspatI yA ekeMdriya jIvasRSTIviSayIhI hA jAgRta, apramatta asato. paryAvaraNAcyA sarva ghaTakAMce hA prANapaNAne rakSaNa karato. bhojana karatAnA, vastre paridhAna karatAnA, mArgakramaNa karatAnA taseca mala-mUtra visarjana karatAnA hA AjUbAjUcyA koNatyAhI sthUla-sUkSma jIvAlA ijA pohocaNAra nAhI yAcI dakSatA gheto. hIca 'zastraparijJA' arthAt 'viveka' Ahe. ____sAmAnya vIra he zatrUnA baMdI banavitAta, tyAta bhUSaNa mAnatAta. he AdhyAtmika 'vIra' ApalyA upadezAne aneka prANimAtrAMnA baMdhanAMpAsUna mukta karatAta. bha. mahAvIra mhaNatAta, 'NAratiM sahate vIre, vIre No sahate ratiM' - arthAt he vIrapuruSa saMyama sAdhanetIla svata:cI 'arati' ANi asaMyamAtIla 'rati' donhIhI sahana karata nAhIta. mAdhyasthavRtti dhAraNa karatAta. ___ atyaMta mojakA, nIrasa ANi rukSa AhAra te svIkAratAta. svataH anna zijavIta nAhIta. itarAMnI tyAMcyAsAThI banavalelyA AhArAtIla agadI mojakI bhikSA jIvananirvAhApuratI grahaNa karatAta. vIrAce lakSaNa sAMgatAnA bha. mahAvIra mhaNatAta, 'jAgara-verovarae vIre' arthAt hA vIra sadaiva ahiMseviSayI jAgRta ANi vairabhAvApAsUna dUra asato. ___ medhAvI, nizcayI va vivekI sAdhaka 'Atmagupta' asato mhaNajeca kuzala senApatIpramANe svata:lA zAbUta TheUna dhyeya gAThaNyAcA prayatna karato. svata:cyA manAta DokAvaNAr2yA krodha, ahaMkAra, kapaTa, lobha yA bhAvanAMvara mAta karato. hA vIra 'kSetrajJa' asato mhaNajeca raNAMgaNAcA jANakAra ANi raNanItIta kuzala 12

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asato. bhagavadgItetahI kSetrakSetrajJa' adhyAyAta zarIrAlA kSetra' ANi AtmyAlA 'kSetrajJa' mhaTale Ahe. ___AcArAMgAta 'vIrya' ANi 'parAkrama' he zabda vAraMvAra upayojile Aheta. hA parAkrama arthAtaca saMyamAta ANi AtmavijayAta daDalelA Ahe. 'mahAvIrA vipparakkamaMti' azI zabdayojanAhI ADhaLUna yete. sAdhanecA mArga kitIhI khaDatara asalA tarI te vIra manAcI prasannatA ghAlavIta nAhIta. khinna, vimanaska hota nAhIta. atyaMta mahattvAcI goSTa mhaNaje AdhyAtmika sAdhakAcI vATacAla 'ekaTyAne karAvayAcI mArgakramaNA' Ahe. yethIla anubhUtI pratyekAcI svataMtra svataMtra Ahe. hA sAmudAyika mArga nAhI. bha. mahAvIra mhaNatAta 'duraNucaro maggo vIrANaM aNiyaTTAmINaM' - arthAt yethe koNI sobatI nAhI ANi kharA vIra mArgAvarUna punhA phirata nAhI. __ AcArAMga graMthAtIla zevaTace adhyayana 'upadhAnazruta' mhaNUna prasiddha Ahe. bha. mahAvIrAMcyA upadezAMcA saMgraha karaNAr2yA prabhAvI AcAryAMnI te lihile asAve. tyAMnI sAMgitalelI 'vIrAcI lakSaNe' tyAMcyA caritrAtUna kazI disatAta te sAMgUna akherIsa mhaTale Ahe - sUro saMgAmasIse vA, saMvuDe tattha se mahAvIre / paDisevamANe pharusAiM, acale bhagavaM rIitthA / / pratikSaNI ahiMsece pAlana karaNyAta dakSa asalele he tIrthaMkara gelI 2600 varSe mahAvIra' mhaNUna prasiddha Aheta. tyAMnI sAMgitalelI AdhyAtmika parAkramAcI lakSaNe tyAMnI svataH taMtotaMta pALalI mhaNUna tara tyAMcyAca zabdAta sAMgAyace tara, 'esa vIre pasaMsie' arthAt yA vIrAcI evaDhI prazaMsA jhAlI !!! 20

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(2) aizvaryAtIla dAridrya sImA surANA iSTa-aniSTa guNAMnI bharalelA hA saMsAra sarva jIvAMce pravAsasthAna Ahe. mAnava mAtra ApalyA buddhicAturyAne nyAya, nItI, satya, zAMtI yA kalyANakArI catu:sUtrIcI kAsa soDUna, dharmAcyA marmAlA visarUna, artha-kAma-bhoga yA daladalIta rutalA Ahe. svasukhAsAThI mAnavatelA kALimA phAsU lAgalA Ahe. laukikatecyA havyAsApoTI mamatva va pramAdAlA kavaTALUna, paMcamahAvratAMcI maryAdA olAMDUna, paMcamahAbhUtAMcA yatheccha vApara marjIpramANe karU lAgalA Ahe. gairamArgAne, kALAveLAce bhAna na ThevatA sarva citta arthArjanAtaca lAvUna, rAtraMdivasa mAyecyA jALyAta aDakalA Ahe. azA aizvaryAcyA dAridryAta Atmika mana:zAMtI, samAdhAna haravUna bhayagrasta jhAlA Ahe. mAyA-lobhAcyA AsaktIne vaira vADhale. tyAmuLe vairI nirmANa jhAle. bhayAmuLe saMrakSaNAcI garaja bhAsU lAgalI. mhaNUna prathama to svata:lA baLakaTa karato. nAtevAIka, mitraparivAra joDato. kAmanApUrtIsAThI homahavana karUna devabala vADhavato. sattecA lobhI hoto va bhraSTAcArIyAMzI saMbaMdha joDaNyAta bhUSaNa mAnU lAgato. gora-garibAMnA dAna deUna RNI banavito. pratiSThesAThI, dekhAvyAsAThI sAdhusaMtAMcA Azraya gheUna pavitra va dhArmika asalyAcA Ava ANato. paraMtu varavara kitIhI vAghAce kAtaDe pAMgharale tarI AtUna mAtra zeLIpramANe dhAstAvalelAca asato. kAraNa kelelyA karmAMcI phaLe ApalyAlAca bhogAvI lAgaNAra, he satya to jANUna asato. tarIhI cukIcyA kramAne lihilelI garajAMcI yAdI vADhataca jAte. cukAMgaNita pazcAttApAce ropa ugavUna haLUhaLU sagaLe AyuSya mAtra pazcAttApAcI ropavATikA tayAra hote. yA 21 --

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vATiketa tyAlA svAsthya lAbhata nAhI va AMtarika bhoga tyAlA upabhogUhI deta nAhIta. nisargataH guNI asaNAr2yA mAnavAne avaguNAMmuLe svata:cA -hAsa karUna ghetalA. ase he citraNa samAjAta ghaData hote, ghaData Ahe va puDhe ghaData rAhaNAra, he bha. mahAvIrAMnI ApalyA jJAnAne nirIkSaNa karUna sAMgitale Ahe. AjamitIsa samAjAtalA mAnava ekaTA paDalA Ahe, nirAza, udvigna jhAlA Ahe. mAnasopacArAMcI garaja bhAsU lAgalI Ahe. lobhAcyA aizvaryAce dAridraya tyAlA zAMtI lAbhU deta nAhI. paraMtu yA tApAlA suddhA utArA Ahe. veLa jANyApUrvIca jAge hoNyAcA, vivekI banaNyAcA ! ___sarva samasyAMce uttara phakta paisA nAhI. hI viSArI zetI nAMgaraNyAce soDUna, svata:palikaDe asaNAr2yA samAdhAnAcyA iyatteta jAvUna basAve. 'saMsAra asAra Ahe', hA nakArArthI dRSTikoNa manAtUna haddapAra hoIla. suMdara azA yA bhavAtUnaca mahApuruSAMnI Apale Atmahita sAdhale. tasAca puruSArtha ApaNahI karU yA va ApalyA kRtIne va pravRttIne mAyAvI banavalelyA yA saMsArAta sagaLyAMnA eka 'spesa' deUna - 'jagA ANi jagU dyA' yA uktIpramANe jIvanAcA kharA artha zodhU yA.

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(3) AcArAMga : manovaijJAnika dRSTI - saMgItA kaTAriyA AcArAMgasUtrAlA dvAdaza aMgAMmadhye mahattvapUrNa sthAna Ahe. mhaNUnaca sarva aMgAMce sAra mhaTale Ahe. ApalA jasA AcAra tasAca vicAra asato. zuddha AcArAne vicArAMcI zuddhI hote va donhImuLeca karmAcA kSaya hoUna mokSaprAptI hote. adhyAtmasAdhanecA mukhya pAyA AcAra Ahe. bha. mahAvIrAMnI jagAlA eka navIna ciMtanAcI dizA dilI Ahe kI jyAnusAra vAgUna manuSya ApalyA svata:madhye parivartanAcyA prakriyecA anubhava karato. bhagavaMtAMnI ekIkaDe hiMsepAsUna mukta azA vizvAcI kalpanA kelI ANi dusarIkaDe manuSyAcyA manAta manuSyatva jAgavaNyAcA samartha prayatna kelA. sagaLyA jIvasRSTIbaddalacI saMvedanazIlatA, vicAracetanA jAgRta karaNe he AcArAMgAce khare prayojana Ahe. bhagavaMtAMnI joparyaMta svataHlA AdhyAtmika unnatIcA sAkSAtkAra jhAlA nAhI toparyaMta koNatAca upadeza kelA nAhI. AtmyApAsUna paramAtmA banavaNyAcA mArga tara dAkhavilA paraMtu tyAcabarobara manuSyAlA vartamAna jIvana jagaNyAcI kalA zikavalI. satata jJAtA, draSTA banUna pahA, jANA va ciMtana karA he sAMgitale. ApalyA sAdhanAkALAta tyAMnI AjUbAjUcyA vizvAce atyaMta bArakAIne nirIkSaNa, ciMtana kele va tyAnaMtara svaanubhavAcyA jorAvara upadeza kelA. bhagavaMtAMce hRdaya prema, karuNA, ahiMsene bharalele hote. mhaNUna jagAlA sAMgitale kI hyA adRzya azA SaTkAyika jIvAMzI vAgatAnA satata jAgRtI, viveka ThevAvA. ahiMsecA itakA sUkSma vicAra kI je AjacyA paryAvaraNaviSayaka samasyAMnA lAgU paDatAta. paryAvaraNAzI vAgatAnA jaNU eka durbiNa ApalyAsamora ThevalI Ahe. 23

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bhagavaMta he sarvajJa, sarvadarzI hote. tyAMnI mAnavI manAcA atyaMta bArakAIne zodha ghetalA Ahe. AcArAMgAtalyA aneka prasaMgAMvarUna ApalyA lakSAta yete kI tyAMcI maulika zikavaNa, siddhAMta he sarvakALAta sarvasAmAnya lokAMnAhI lAgU paDatAta. hA jaNU kAhI mAnavI manAcA ArasA Ahe. AcAra ANi siddhAMtAMce, niyamAMce pratipAdana he kAhI arthI manovaijJAnika dRSTIcA paricaya detAta. AcArAMgAcI manovaijJAnika dRSTI puDhIla mudyAMvarUna disUna yete. 1) vyaktIce mUlabhUta ANi sArabhUta tattva tyAce Apale astitva Ahe. AcArAMgAta AtmajJAnAcyA lakSaNAvara jora dilA Ahe. 2) manuSya hiMsA koNakoNatyA kAraNAMsAThI karato hyAce atyaMta suMdara vizleSaNa kele. jIvana nirvAha, vaMdanA, guNAnuvAda, mAnasanmAna, janmamaraNApAsUna muktI, duHkha nivAraNAsAThI va sukha prAptIsAThI ApaNahI ciMtana kele tara lakSAta yete kI hyAkherIja dusarI koNatIhI kAraNe hiMsemAge nAhIta. 3) baMdha va muktIce tattva bAhera nAhI tara Ataca Ahe. kAmabhogAcyA prati AsaktIneca baMdha hoto ANi tIca duHkhAlA kAraNa Ahe. baMdha va muktI hA sAdhakAcyA aMtaraMga bhAvanAMcA kheLa Ahe. 4) jo apramatta Ahe to kAmanAMnI ANi pApakarmAMnI uparata Ahe. pramattAlAca viSayavikArAmadhye AsaktI rAhilyAmuLe bhItI asate. apramattAlA nAhI. 5) ' AyaMkadaMsI na karei pAvaM', jo ApalI pIDA ANi vedanelA baghato, jANato to pApakarmAmadhye phasata nAhI. jevhA du:khAcA svata: AtmaniSTharUpAne anubhava karato tevhA to hiMsepAsUna parAvRtta hoto. 24

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6) ahiMselA arihaMta pravacanAce sAra ANi zuddha zAzvata dharma sAMgitale Ahe. kAraNa sagaLyA prANyAMnA jagaNyAcI icchA, astitva ANi sukhAcI icchA hA svabhAva Ahe. sagaLyAMnA sukha priya va du:kha apriya asate. iMdriya saMyamAvara jora dilA Ahe paraMtu hehI sAMgitale Ahe kI iMdriyAMce viSaya samora asatAnA te nAkAraNe zakya nAhI. tara tyA ThikANI iMdriyAMcyA vyApArAcA nirodha karaNyAsa sAMgitalA. viSaya sevanAcyA muLAzI asalelyA rAga, dveSarUpI vRttIcA tyAga karaNyAsa sAMgitalA Ahe. sArAMza : bha. mahAvIrAMnI mAnavI manAcA sUkSma vedha ghetalelA disato. aneka bArIka goSTIMce ciMtana disate. manuSya ekekA kaSAyAta kasA aDakata jAto te varNile Ahe. paisA, saMpattI vADhalI kI tyAcyA AsaktIne aneka goSTI AtmasAta karaNyAcI dhaDapaDa karato. sAdhUMnAhI ApalA AhAra, zayyA, vastra, vihArakALAta anekaveLA sAvadhAnatecA izArA dilA Ahe. yeNAr2yA prasaMgAce hoNAre pariNAma lakSAta ANUna dile Aheta. dharmAcyA viruddha vAgaNAr2yAkaDe lakSa deU naye. upekSA karA. mohAcI jAgRtI jhAlI tara aneka upAya sAMgitale. sAdhUne zrAvakAMcyA saMparkAta kA rAhU naye yAcA izArA, AdhyAtmika sAdhaneta bAdhA ityAdIMcI jANIva karUna dilI Ahe.

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(4) malamUtravisarjanAcI khabaradArI - madanabAI loDhA jaina dharmAne atiprAcIna kALI pradUSaNa-rakSaNAsAThI kelelA vicAra AcArAMgAcyA dusar2yA zrutaskaMdhAta AlelA Ahe. malamUtravisarjana calajIvAcA naisargika vidhI Ahe. tarIsuddhA yA kAraNAne adhikatara sthAvara jIvAMcI hiMsA hote. nakaLata tyAMnA pIDA, vedanA hotAta. karmabaMdhAsa kAraNa hote. yAsAThI sAdhUMnI Avazyaka niyamAMce pAlana karAvayAce Ahe. te sarva mAnavajAtIsa upayogI va AvazyakahI Ahe. 1) visarjanAce sthAna nirjaMtuka asAve. 2) te koNI muddAma banavilele athavA nUtanIkaraNa kelele nasAve. 3) koNI kharedI kelele nasAve. paNa pUrvI vAparalele asAve. 4) moThyA bhojanasamAraMbhAsAThI moThyA culI, bhaTTyAMcA vApara jhAlele nasAve. 5) dhAnya, bhAjI, phaLe, cArA Thevalele sthAna naMtara rikAme kelele nasAve. 6) gurAMce moThe moThe khurADe, pazUce caraNyAce sthAna nasAve. 7) maMdira, devAlaye, smAraka, samAdhisthAna, smazAna, vadhasthAna, kabarasthAna nasAve. 8) cauka, trika, cabutarA, moThyA vardaLIce sthAna, bAgabagIce, phiraNyAce, manoraMjanAce sthAna nasAve. 9) koLazAcyA, khanija padArthAMcyA khANI, amarAyA, ketakI, bAMbUce vana, zetI pikalelI nasAvI. 10) nadI, talAva, kinArA, pANapoI, daladalIce ThikANa, ta-heta-hecI pUjAsthAne nasAvIta. 11) atyaMta zAMta ADozAcI prAzuka bhUmI nITa avalokana karUna visarjana karAve.

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malamUtrAbarobara, thuMkI, okArI, nAka ziMkaraNe, piMka TAkaNe, cULa bharaNe he visarjita hoNAre padArtha jithe-tithe ghANa, durgaMdhI, asvacchatesa kAraNa va ArogyAsa ghAtaka Aheta. yAtUna sammUrcchima jIvAMcI utpattI zIghratene hote. tyAMcyA hiMsesa ApaNa kAraNa hoto. gharAgharAtUna bAhera TAkalyA jANAr2yA kacar2yAnehI durgaMdha, saDaNyAcyA kriyA hoUna pradUSaNa hote. haoNTela, haoNspiTalamadhUna nighaNArA kacarA moThyA pramANAta bAhera paData Ahe. Dispojebal plaeNsTika Diza, glAsa, vAparalelyA kaeNrIbaeNga, paeNkiMgasAThI vAparalele tharmAkola i. mAnavanirmita kacarA punhA mAnavAcyAca hAtAMnA ucalaNe avaghaDa jhAlele Ahe. vAhanAMce vAyUta hoNAre pradUSaNa tara vAyumaMDalaca dUSita karIta Ahe. he sarva bhUmi, vAyu, agni, jala yAMcyAbarobaraca sarvaca jIvAMnA pIDAdAyaka hotAta. nakaLata karmabaMdha hoto va janmamaraNarUpI cAra gatIta akhaMDa bhramaNa hota rahAte. sukhApekSA duHkheca adhika sahana karAvI lAgatAta. yAvara upAya mhaNUna jinendrAMnI varIla niyama DhobaLarUpAne sAMgitalele Aheta. manAsa kaDaka zista lAvalyAne, parigrahAMcA saMkoca kelyAne va maryAdece mahattva jANalyAne kAhIse svarUpa badalela ase vATate. "Atmavat sarvabhUteSu" yA tIna zabdAta sarva kAhI Ale. zaMkA azI yete kI nirjaMtuka sthAna kase zodhAyace ? jIvajaMtU tara sarva loka bharUna Aheta. tAtparya : zista bolaNyAta, cAlaNyAta, uThaNyA - basaNyAta, khANyA-piNyAta, jhopaNyAta, vastU ThevaNyA-gheNyAta, svata:cyA garajetahI asalI pAhije. jyAmuLe mana, vacana, kAya va bhAvahI sAvadha asale pAhijeta. mhaNaje jIvahiMsA atyalpa hoIla hA jineMdra-upadezAcA hetU Ahe. 27

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(5) iiyessnnaa : zrAvakAMcI - kAMtA gAMdhI zrAvakAMcyA bAbatIta mhaNAyace jhAle tara tyAMce jIvana atyaMta dhAvapaLIce. ghaDyALyAcyA kATyAMvara dinakrama. vegavAn jIvanazailImuLe pAyI cAlaNe, sAyakaliMga i. cI jAgA peTrola, DijhelacyA vAhanAMnI ghetalI. tyAmuLe arthAtaca pradUSaNa va paryAyAne paryAvaraNAcA hAsa. pariNAmata: jIvagheNyA AjArAMnA AmaMtraNa. ojhonacyA tharAlA chidra paDaNyAcI bhItI. bahutAMzI lokAMnI jara zakya tethe IryeSaNecA arthAt pAyI cAlaNyAcA vasA ghetalA tara kitItarI phAyade hotIla. * javaLacyA jAgI pAyI jANe. anavANI gele tara tulanene jIvahiMsA kamI. pAyAMnA aeNkyuprezara kriyA miLUna Arogya uttama rAhaNyAsa madata. cAlatA-cAlatA prabhUce nAmasmaraNa, japa i. kelyAsa svArtha-paramArtha donhI sAdhela. vArakarI saMpradAya yAce uttama udAharaNa. AjahI pA~DecarI, mAtherAna, Aya.Aya.TIcA kaeNmpasa i. madhye vAhane jAta nAhIta, hI atyaMta prazaMsanIya bAba Ahe. vAstuzAstrajJa mhaNatAta kI, pradUSaNa kamI jhAlyAsa tAjamahAlasArakhyA purAtana vAstUMce sauMdarya abAdhita rAhaNyAsa madata hoIla. sAmAjika bAMdhilakI mhaNUna oLakhIcyA, vizvAsAtalyA lokAMnA liphTa dyAvI. yAdI karUna grupane kharedIlA jAve. ApalyA kAmAMbarobaraca vayovRddha, vikalAMga, aMdha i. lokAMcIhI kAme karAvIta. tyAne premahI vADhela. * basa, relve, es.TI. i.ne pravAsa kelyAsa iMdhana bacata hoIla. anAyAseca rASTravikAsAlA hAtabhAra lAgela. 28

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vaiziSTyapUrNa cAlI * pAya ghAsUna, dhapadhapa, veDevAkaDe cAlaNyAne jIvahiMsA tara hoteca paNa ApalI imejahI kharAba hote. parsanaeNliTImadhIla to eka doSa gaNalA jAto. gAMdhIjIMcA 'dAMDImArca' ANi iMdirA gAMdhIMce impresivha cAlaNe manAlA bhAvate. rAjakapUra, cArlIcaeNplIna, bhagavAn i. sinenaTAMnI ApalyA vaiziSTyapUrNa cAlIne lokAMcI mane jiMkalI. duHkhI lokAMnA hasavile. * saMrakSaka dalAtIla javAna pareDamadhye saMcalana karatAnA rUbAbadAra vATatAta. DokyAvara ghAgarI gheUna pANyAsAThI dAhIdizA phiraNAr2yA striyA mohaka cAlIbarobaraca, dAhaka vAstavAvara prakAza TAkatAta. * sattvaparIkSA mhaNUna nikhAr2yAMvarUna cAlaNAr2yA vyaktI ApalyA dezAta kamI nAhIta. poTAsAThI dhyAnayogAcA upayoga lAvUna dorIvarUna DaulAta cAlaNArI DoMbArINa aneka goSTI sAMgUna jAte. 'bole taisA cAle tyAcI vaMdAvI pAule' - he sarvazrutaca Ahe.

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(6) bhASaiSaNA adhyayana meM nArIvicAra - arjuna nirvANa bIsavI sadIM ke prathama aura dUsare dazaka meM amarIkA jaise prAgatika rASTra meM striyA~ rAste para utara AyI / unhoMne baDA AMdolana cheDA, isalie ki unheM bhI "matadAna kA adhikAra" mileM / jo baDI muzkiloM ke bAda unheM milA / I ikkIsavI sadI kI zurUAta meM bhAratIya saMsada meM mahilAoM ko 33 phIsadI ArakSaNa milane kA prastAva rakhA gayA / jo abhI taka khaTAI meM par3A hai| usake lie saMsadoM kI Ama sahamati nahIM bana pAyI / yaha do ghaTanAe~ kevala sau varSa ke aMdara ghaTita huI / inase Aja ke samAja meM, 'nArI kA kyA sthAna hai', yaha dikhAI detA hai / aisI sthiti meM 2500 varSa pahale bha. mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA ke anusAra nArI kA usa samAja meM jainoM ke anusAra kyA sthAna thA ? yaha dekhanA atyaMta rocaka hai / sAdhu ko apanI jarUratoM ke lie zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se samparka karanA paDatA hai / vizeSakara bhojana kI, vastra, pAtra kI yAcanA ke lie gRhiNI se bolanA paDatA hai / taba ve unheM kaise saMbodhita karate haiM, isakA varNana AtA hai / yaha saMbodhana nimna hai - he AyuSyamatI, he bhaginI, he bhAgyavatI, he zrAvike, he upAsike, he dhArmike, he dharmapriye / ina sAre saMbodhanoM se jaina sAdhu nArI ko kitanA sammAna dete the, yaha dikhatA hai / unakA mahilAoM ke prati Adara vyakta hotA hai / I vaha kaisI bhAgoMvAlI hai, yaha kahane se usakI vajaha se gRha kA sammAna hai, yaha dikhalAyA hai / 'dhArmika', 'dharmapriya' aura 'zrAvikA' ina vacanoM se usakI dharmapravaNatA dRgocara hotI hai / 'bhaginI' kahane se usake prati AtmIyatA jatAyI hai / 'AyuSmatI' bolakara usake dIrghAyu kI kAmanA bhI kI gayI hai / 30

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ina sabase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki unakI dRSTi meM nArI kA sthAna zreSTha rahA hai / aura honA bhI cAhie kyoM ki bha. mahAvIra samatA ke puraskartA the / unake vicAra se sAdhu aura sAdhvI donoM mokSa ke adhikArI hai / (yahA~ yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA hai ki taba taka zvetAmbara-digambara aise bheda nahIM the / ) usa samaya ke jaina samAja meM mahilAe~ dharmasabhA, pravacana, samavazaraNa meM bhI jAne ke saMketa milate haiM / vaha carcA-saMgoSThI meM bhI bhAga letI rahI thI / yaha usa samAja kI udAratA kA lakSaNa thA / paraMtu vaidika paraMparA meM sabhAoM meM Adi, nArI jAne ke ullekha nahIM milte| hiMduoM meM strI-zikSaNa ko mAnyatA nahIM thI / usake lie vivAha kA sabase baDA mahattva patiparamezvara aura pAtivratya pAlana hI usakA dharma / aisI paristhiti meM jainoM ne nArI ko jo svataMtratA dI vaha sabase baDI bAta hai / lekha ke zurUAta meM jina ghaTanAoM kA ullekha haiM, unase Aja bhI nArI ke viSaya meM samAja ke kyA vicAra hai, yaha to spaSTa hotA hI hai, vahI para bha. mahAvIra aura unake pUrva tIrthaMkaroM ke vicAra meM nArI kA sthAna dekhakara, jaina samAja ke isa krAMtikArI vicAroM ko praNAma karanA cAhie / 31

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(7) AcArAMgakAlIna khAdyasaMskRti - savitA munota AcArAMgasUtra ke dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM 'sAdhuAcAra' ke bAre meM batAyA gayA hai| 'piNDaiSaNA' adhyayanadvArA, 'sAdhu ko kisa prakAra kA AhAra lenA cAhie ?' yaha kahA gayA hai / isakA varNana karate samaya aneka khAdyapadArthoM ke nAma Aye haiM / unheM paDhakara hameM, '2600 sAla pahale kI 'khAdyasaMskRti' kaisI thI ?' isakA patA calatA hai / sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika paristhiti bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai / Aja hama resipI buka, dUradarzana Adi ke mAdhyama se, mAyakrovevha, phUDa-prosesara Adi kI sahAyatA se deza-videza ke padArtha AsAnI se banA sakate haiM / AcArAMgasUtra jisa kAla meM likhA gayA thA, usa samaya logoM kA janasaMparka nahIM thA / phira bhI ve kitane padArtha banAte the, inase unake khavaiyegiri kI kalpanA AtI hai / aba dhovana-pAnI ko hI dekho / 17-18 prakAra ke dhovana haiM / unameM Ama, kapittha, bijaurA, dADima, bera Adi ke dhovana ko hama jyUsa yA zarabata bhI kaha sakate haiM / inakI resipI bhI batAyI hai / vividha prakAra ke phala, jinake Aja hama nAma bhI nahIM jAnate - jaise aMbADa, tADa, jhijjhirI, surabhi, sallakI Adi haiM / peDoM ke komala patte bhI loga khAne meM istemAla karate the - jaise pIpala, baDa, pilaMkhu, nandIvRkSa, sallakI, vallI inake koMpala ve khAte the / khAne meM dUdha, dahI, makkhana, ghI ke varNana se, 'bhArata bhUmi kisa prakAra sujalAm-suphalAm thI', yaha jAna paDatA hai / sUryavikAsI, caMdravikAsI, puSkara Adi kamala, unakI DaMDiyA~ aura TukaDe Adi khAne meM istemAla karate the / ye Adhunika 'saeNlaDas' haiM / sAlukakanda, birAlI nAma sthalakanda, sarasoM kA kanda bhI khAye jAte the / 32

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(8) ahiMsA paramo dharmaH / - maMju copaDA AcArAMga meM mukhya rUpa se mUlyAtmaka cetanA kI sabala abhivyakti huI hai / isakA pramukha uddezya ahiMsAtmaka samAja kA nirmANa karane ke lie vyakti ko prerita karanA hai, jisase samAja meM samatA ke AdhAra para sukha, zAnti aura samRddhi ke bIja aMkurita ho sakeM / ajJAna ke kAraNa manuSya hiMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM ke dvArA zreSTha uddezyoM kI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla hotA hai / vaha hiMsA ke dUragAmI kuprabhAvoM ko, jo usake aura samAja ke jIvana ko vikRta karate haiM, nahIM dekha pAtA / kisI bhI kAraNa se kI gaI hiMsA AcArAMga ko mAnya nahIM hai / hiMsA ke sAtha tAlamela AcArAMga kI dRSTi meM heya hai / vaha vyAvahArika jIvana kI vivazatA ho sakatI hai, para vaha upAdeya nahIM ho sakatI / hiMsA kA artha kevala kisI ko prANavihIna karanA hI nahIM hai, kiMtu kisI bhI prANI kI svatantratA kA kisI bhI rUpa meM hanana, hiMsA ke artha meM hI simaTa jAtA hai / isilie AcArAMga meM kahA hai ki, "kisI bhI prANI ko mata mAro, usa para zAsana mata karo, usako gulAma mata banAo, usako mata satAo aura use azAnta mata karo / dharma to prANiyoM ke prati samatA-bhAva meM hI hotA hai / " merA vizvAsa hai ki hiMsA kA itanA sUkSma vivecana vizvasAhitya meM kaThinAI se hI milegA / samatA kI bhUmikA para hiMsA-ahiMsA ke itane vizleSaNa evaM vivecana ke kAraNa hI AcArAMga ko vizvasAhitya meM sarvopari sthAna diyA jA sakatA hai / AcArAMga kI ghoSaNA hai ki prANiyoM ke vikAsa meM aMtara hone ke kAraNa kisI bhI prakAra ke prANI ke astitva ko nakAranA apane hI astitva ko nakAranA hai / 33

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AcArAMga manuSyoM kI saMvedanazIlatA ko gaharI karanA cAhatA hai, jisase manuSya eka aise samAja kA nirmANa kara sake jisameM zoSaNa, arAjakatA, niyamahInatA, azAMti aura ApasI sambandho meM tanAva vidyamAna na rahe / manuSya apane du:khoM ko to anubhava kara hI letA hai, para dUsaroM ke du:khoM ke prati vaha prAyaH saMvedanazIla nahIM ho pAtA / yahI hiMsA kA mUla hai / jaba dUsaroM ke duHkha hameM apane jaise lagane lage to hI ahiMsA kA prAraMbha ho sakatA hai / ___'jIo aura jIne do' arthAt "saha-astitva' ahiMsAvAda kA mUlamaMtra hai, jisa para samagra jaina AcAra kI dhurI ghUmatI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki caritra kI zuddhatA se Atma-kalyANa evaM para-kalyANa donoM hote haiM / mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM kisI prANI kI mAtra hatyA hI hiMsA nahIM hai, yaha to usakA bhautika aura sthUla rUpa hai / ahiMsA ko kevala choTe jIvoM kI hatyA na hone taka hI sImita mAna lenA usakI ekAMgI vyAkhyA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zoSaNa, utpIDana, tiraskAra ko bhI hiMsA mAnA hai / ve tana kI hiMsA ke sAtha sAtha mana kI hiMsA ko adhika bhayaMkara mAnate haiM / mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM pramattayoga arthAt kaSAyAtmaka vRtti tathA kaluSita bhAvanA hI hiMsA hai / / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saba taraha kI hiMsAoM ke unmAda se bace rahane kI mAnava ko ahiMsA kI vizuddha dharmadRSTi dI / unakI vANI kI AdhArazilA 'ahiMsA' ke mAdhyama se hI mAnavatA, vizva-prema, vizva-bandhutva aura vasudhaiva kuTumbakam kA sarvavyApI pracAra-prasAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / 34

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( 9 ) bhASAjAta adhyayana : kAhI vicAra sumatilAla bhaMDArI sakALI uThalyApAsUna te rAtrI jhopeparyaMta bhASecA vApara ApaNa satata karIta asato. bar2yAca veLA bolUna gelyAvara ApalyAlA cuTapuTa lAgate. ApaNa dusar2yAlA dukhAvale, ase bolAyalA nako hote asehI vicAra manAta yetAta. tyAmuLe bhASecA vApara kALajIpUrvaka karaNe Avazyaka Tharate. sAdhUMcyA bAbatIta gocarI, vihAra, pravacana, carcA yA mAdhyamAtUna bhASecA vApara satata hota asato. he lakSAta gheUnaca 2600 varSAMpUrvI ApalyA AcAryAMnI bhASAjAta he adhyayana AcArAMga zrutaskaMdha -2 yAta deUna sAdhUMnA bhASecA vApara karaNyAviSayIcI mArgadarzaka tattve sAMgitalI Aheta. bhASecA vApara kasA karAvA evaDheca na sAMgatA to kasA karU naye hehI udAharaNAdvAre spaSTa kele Ahe. yAce dusarehI kAraNa mhaNaje jaina saMpradAyAta sAdhU hA tyAcyA kaDaka va saMyamI AcaraNAne nehamIca AdaraNIya TharalA Ahe. tyAcyA zabdAlA vajana Ahe. loka tyAMnA ApalA mArgadarzaka mAnatAta. azA sAdhUcI janamAnasAtIla pratimA tazIca rahAvI hAhI yA adhyayanAcA hetU asAvA. sAhajikaca bhASA vAparAce sUtra sAMgatAnA sAdhUne satya bolAve, kaTU satya sAMgU naye, itarAMviSayI AdarAne bolAve, bolaNyAta bocarepaNA, AkramakatA nasAvI. hiMselA pravRtta karaNArI vidhAne karU naye, aMdhazraddhA pasaravaNArI vidhAne karU nayeta, azI 30 mArgadarzaka tattve sAMgitalI Aheta. yA tattvAMcA vicAra karatAnA, hI tattve AjacyA kALAta kazI pALalI jAta Aheta hA vicAra manAta AlA. udAharaNAdAkhala dona tattvAMcA vicAra karU. 35

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pahile mhaNaje kaTU satya bolU naye. he sAdhUMnA kharokharIca zakya Ahe kA? kAraNa kaTU bolalyAzivAya satya pratipAdana karatA yeta nAhI. kaTU bolalyAzivAya tathya umagata nAhI. taseca satya vadavUna gheNyAkaritA kaThora mArgAcA avalaMba karAvAca lAgato. yA saMdarbhAta 2500 varSAMpUrvI hoUna gelelyA zayyaMbhavAcAryAMce udAharaNa DoLyAsamora Ahe nA ! satya jANUna gheNyAkaritA tyAMnA ApalyA gurUMvara talavAra ugArAvI lAgalI hotI. taseca samAjAtIla apapravRttI dAkhaviNyAkaritA, tyAtIla bhayAvahatecI jANIva karUna deNyAkaritA kaThora bolaNyAlA paryAya nAhI. an tase sAMgaNArA sAdhU apriya Tharato ase nAhI. mahAvIra ApalyA pravacanAtUna 'lajjamANA puDho pAsa' ase zabda vAparIta. taruNasAgarajI mahArAjAMcyA pravacanAcyA pustakAlA 'kaDave pravacana' ase nAva Ahe. an doghehI janamAnasAta AdaraNIya Aheta. dusarI goSTa guNagrAhakatecI. buddhimAna, guNI mANasAMcA sAdhUne guNagaurava karAvA. cAMgalyAlA cAMgaleca mhaNAve ase namUda kele Ahe. paNa hallI disate kAya! paisevAlyA dhanikAMcA gaurava tevaDhA hoto Ahe. udoudo hoto Ahe. maga bhalehI tyAMce dhaMde samAjavighAtaka kA asenAta ! samAjopayogI kAmAkaritA paisA lAgato. to ase dhanikaca deU zakatAta. he jarI khare asale tarI sAdhUne kitI vAhavUna jAve he pahAveca lAgela. kAraNa azA goSTIMmuLe taruNa varga jaina dharmApAsUna dUra jAtAnA disato Ahe. tevhA sAdhUne vivekAce bhAna ThevUna kaTU satya sAMgAve, te sAMgaNyAta prAmANikatA asAvI, sAMgatAnA kathAmAdhyama nivaDale tara te pariNAmakAraka Tharate he AgamAMtIla kathAMtUna disale Aheca. taseca guNagrAhakatA jarUra dAkhavAvI paraMtu tI karatAnA tAratamya bhAva ThevUna nirapekSa ritIne, ni:pakSapAtIpaNAne karAvI evaDheca vATate.

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(10) IyaiSaNA ANi pradUSaNa / - latA bAgamAra AcArAMgAta pAca samitIMcA ullekha AlA Ahe. tyAtIlaca eka IryeSaNA mhaNajeca IryAsamitI. ekA ThikANAhUna dusar2yA ThikANI jANyAcI AvazyakatA paDalyAvara viveka ANi yatanApUrvaka gamanAgamana karaNe mhaNajeca IryAsamitI. dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvAne tI cAra prakAracI Ahe. samAjAmadhye satata badalAcI prakriyA cAlU asate. gatizIlatA he jivaMta samAjAce eka lakSaNa Ahe. gatimAnatecA aparihArya pariNAma mhaNajeca pradUSaNa, paryAvaraNAcyA samasyA. jainadharmIya sAdhUMnA satata vihAra karAvA lAgato. vihAra hA zabda sAdhuAcaraNAcA phAra nikaTacA mhaNUna rahANyAcyA pradezAlA vihAra mhaNU lAgale. vihAra karatAnA sAdhUMnA bar2yAca niyamAMce pAlana karAve lAgate. rastyAtIla prANImAtrAMnA abhaya deta, nisargAtIla vRkSavelIMnA trAsa na detA, 'sacitta-paNagadaga' TALUna maryAdita veLeta yatanApUrvaka, vivekasahita vihAra karAvA lAgato. hIca goSTa ApalyAlA suddhA lAgU paDate. mANUsa hA pUrvIpekSA jAsta gatimAna jhAlA Ahe. pratyekAcyA gharAsamora donacAkI, cAracAkI garajecI jhAlI Ahe. paNa hyA garajepAyI kadhIhI na saMpaNArI garaja mhaNaje 'havA' hyA prAthamika garajece ApaNa nukasAna kele Ahe. havece pradUSaNa, vAyU nadIta soDUna jalapradUSaNa, sArakhe haoNrna vAjavUna dhvanipradUSaNa ApaNa karato. garajepuratAca gADIcA vApara karUna, ekAca ThikANI jAyace asela tara ekaTyAne na jAtA barAbara cAracaughAMnA gheUna gelo tara cAra aivajI ekaca gADI dhAvUna pradUSaNAlA ALA basela va TraeNphika jaeNmacI samasyA thoDyA pramANAta suTela. 37

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tyAkALI sAdhUMnA maryAdita naukAvihArAsa paravAnagI hotI. caDhatAnA, utaratAnA sAdhUne kALajI ghyAvI. saMkaTakAlIna paristhitIta na ghAbaratA manAvara saMyama ThevUna AtmasvarUpAta lIna hoNyAsa sAMgitale. AtAcA ApalA naukAvihAra mhaNaje jalakAyika jIvAMzI kheLUna tyAMcA ghAta karaNe hoya. Dijhelayukta boTI cAlavUna jalakAyika jIvAMcI hiMsA karaNe hoya. Aja ThikaThikANI ubhe rAhilele vaoNTarapArka ! tyAta ApaNa vATela tazA uDyA mArato va jalakAyika jIvAMnA bhaya utpanna karato. azA ThikANI ApaNa ApalyA manAvara saMyama ThevUna ApalyA itakeca jalakAyika jIvAMce astitva mahattvAce Ahe he bhAna ThevAve. vimAnAne jaga javaLa Ale Ahe. AtA yethe asaNArA mANUsa dusar2yAtisar2yA tAsAlA paradezAta asato. paraMtu rAtrI-aparAtrI vimAnAce uDDANa mhaNaje AkAzAtalyA kArabhArAta kelelI DhavaLADhavaLaca hoya. vihAra karatAnA sAdhUMnA koNatyAhI auSadhI vanaspatIMviSayI itarAMnA mAhitI deNyAsa manAI hotI. kitI dUra dRSTikoNa Ahe ! Aja pracaMDa kArakhAne ubhAraNyAsAThI jaMgale jALUna TAkalI jAta Aheta. moThamoThyA yaMtrAne moTha-moThI jhADe bhuIsapATa hota Aheta. zekaDo jhADe toDUna pharnicara banavile jAta Ahe. zaharAjavaLa baMgalA havA mhaNUna cAMgalyA zetajaminIvara simeMTace jaMgala ubhe rahAta Ahe. kitI hI nisargAcI mAnavAne kelelI durdazA ! bAgeta banavile vUDana hAUsa, dahA pAvalAvara asaNAr2yA sthAnakAta jAyalA skUTara, vegAne jANAr2yA gADyA yAlA ApaNa vikAsa mhaNato. ulaTa he vegavAna jIvana jagUna ApaNa pradUSaNa vADhavito. pradUSaNAcI samasyA hI samAjAcI samasyA Ahe ANi vyaktI-vyaktI miLUna samAja banato. pratyeka vyaktIneca jara Tharavile tara tyAvara toDagA nighela. 38 -

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AThavaDyAtUna eka divasa tarI svayaMcalita vAhanAMcA svayaMsphUrtapaNe baMda pALale tara nakkIca phAyadA hoIla. IryeSaNA upasaMhAra :- tyAga hA jIvanAcA AdhAra asAvA. bhoga hI preraNA phAra prabaLa nasAvI. nisargAce ApaNa kAhI deNe lAgato hyAce dhyAna ThevAve. tyAcA asaMyamI vApara karU naye. vijJAnAne jIvanAta suvidhA nirmANa kelyA paraMtu AnaMdAsAThI mAtra nisargaca havA. cAlatAnA, vAgatAnA tyAce rakSaNa karaNe heca Apale kartavya. zakya tethe pAyI jAvUna, liphTa aivajI jinyAcA vApara karUna Apale ArogyahI sAMbhALAve. cAlatAnA yatanA ANi vivekapUrNa cAlUna abhayadAnahI karAve. zarIrAlA jAsta sukhasoyIMcI savaya na lAvatA ApalyA jIvanAta AcArAMgAlA utaravAve taraca AcArAMga zikaNyAcA uddeza saphala hoIla. dazavaikAlikAta suddhA sAMgitale Ahe kI, jayaM care jayaM cir3he, jayamAse jayaM sae / jayaM bhuMjato bhAsaMto, pAvaM kammaM Na baMdhai / /

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(11) AcArAMga : upodghAta ANi upasaMhAra jyotsnA muthA bhagavAn mahAvIrAMnI svAnubhavAne jo upadeza dilA tyAce sAra mhaNaje AcArAMga. AcArAMgAcI surUvAta 'zastraparijJA'ne karUna 'vimukti' ne upasaMhAra kelA Ahe. 'suyaM' zrutajJAnAne maMgalAcaraNa karUna prathama abodha, bhavI jIvAMnA AtmyAce astitva taseca pUrvabhava - pUrvajanmAcI jANIva karUna dilI. zastraparijJA : jIvahiMselA kAraNIbhUta sAdhanAlA 'zastra' mhaNatAta. tI dona prakAracI. talavAra, baMdUka i. 'dravyazastre' tara hiMsA karaNyAsa pravRtta karaNAre AtmyAce kASAyika bhAva hI 'bhAvazastre'. dravya ANi bhAva zastrAne jIva manavAcA-kAyA yogAdvAre, kRtakArita - anumodita kriyAdvAre SaTkAyika jIvAMcI hiMsA karato. tyAmuLe karmabaMdha hoto. jIvana nirvAhAvyatirikta jIva vaMdana, pUjA, pratiSThA, janma, mRtyU, duHkhAcA pratikAra karaNyAsAThI ajJAnAne karmabaMdha karato, saMsArabhramaNa karata rAhato. hiMsepAsUna hoNArI hI bhayaMkaratA jANUna tyApAsUna nivRtta hoNe mhaNaje zastraparijJA arthAt vivekapUrNa jJAna hoya. ase jJAna jIvAlA jAtismaraNAne, tIrthaMkara upadezAne, jJAnI puruSAMkaDUna hote. naMtara 'NANassa phalaM viraI' yA nyAyAne to saMyamI banato. karma va karmabaMdhAce svarUpa jANaNArA 'parijJAtakarmA muni' hoya. asA munI kasA asato yAce varNana padyarUpAne vividha upamAMdvAre 'vimukti' adhyayanAta kele Ahe. vimukti : tIrthaMkarAMcA upadeza aikUna tyAvara nitAMta zraddhA asalelA munI anitya saMsArAce svarUpa jANUna gharaparivArAcA, sAvadyakriyAMcA tyAga karato. 'savvesiM jIviyaM piyaM' azI SaTkAyika jIvAMbaddalacI saMvedanazIlatA jAgRta 40

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hote. sAdhanAkALAta duSTajanAMkaDUna hoNAre upasarga, saMgrAmI agrabhAgI rAhUna zatrupIDA sahana karaNAr2yA hattIpramANe to sahana karato. pariSaha sahana karatAnA parvatApramANe akaMpa rAhato. duSkara azA paMcamahAvratAMce pAlana karUna sApAne ApalI kAta TAkAvI tyApramANe ihaloka - paraloka saMbaMdhIcI AsaktI sahaja soDato. tapatejAne dAhI dizA Alokita karUna ajJAna timira dUra karato. puruSArthAne karmamalAcA nAza karUna dhairyAne duSkara asA bhavasAgara pAra karato. kSamAdi dazavidha dharmAne yukta azA munIMce tapa, buddhi, yaza vRddhiMgata hote, to karmAcA 'aMtakRd' hoto, mukta hoto. yAvarUna prathama adhyayanAta 'mI koNa ? koThUna Alo ? koThe jAvayAce?' hI jijJAsA, tyAnaMtarace vivekapUrva jJAna aMtima dhyeyAparyaMta nete. vastUcA yathArtha bodha jJAnAne hoUna heya - upAdeyAce svarUpa jANUna kelelI kriyA sAdhyAparyaMta pohocavate. hI adhyayane 'samyak darzana - jJAna - cAritrANi mokSamArga: / ' yA sUtrAcI ugamasthAne Aheta. prathama adhyayana gadyarUpAta tara aMtima padyarUpAta Ahe. jaina darzanAce aMtima uddiSTa mokSa yAdvAre spaSTarUpAne samora yete. - 41

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(12) AtmajijJAsepAsUna AtmadarzanAparyaMta pAramitA khaNase AtmajijJAsA he jainadarzanAce mUlasUtra Ahe. AcArAMgasUtra AtmajijJAsepAsUnaca surU hote. 'ke ahaM AsI ?' yA praznAce uttara deta asatAnA saMpUrNa AcArAMgAta veLoveLI AtmyAsaMbaMdhI carcA yete. AtmA iMdriyAMnI jANatA yeta nAhI, tara tyAdvAre hoNAr2yA kriyAMnI AtmyAce astitva samajate. yA kriyAMmuLeca karmabaMdha va bhavabhramaNa hote. zarIra - AkRtI, varNa, nAma, gotra, sukhaduHkhAMce anubhava va vividha yonIMmadhye janma yA sarvAMmuLe pratyeka jIvAcI svataMtratA nidarzanAsa yete. - 'egamappAe saMpehAe' yA padAta AtmA hA ekaTA asUna, ekaTAca karma karato va ekaTAca karma bhogato. dusare dArzanika mhaNatAta kI, bhUtamAtrAMnA (paMcamahAbhUtAMnA) dAsa banavAve, tyAMcyAvara zAsana karAve i., tyAmadhye kAhIhI doSa nAhI. paraMtu bha. mahAvIrAMnI AcArAMgAta mhaTale Ahe kI, hI paMcamahAbhUtesuddhA pRthak-pRthak ekeMdriya Atmeca ( jIvaca ) Aheta. ApalyAlA jazA vedanA hotAta, tazAca vedanA tyAMnAhI hotAta. tyAMcI gaNanA ekeMdriya jIvAta karaNe, itakeca navhe tara vikala manuSyAlA chedana - bhedana - AghAta i. kelyAne jevaDhe duHkha hote tevaDheca duHkha ekeMdriya jIvAMnA suddhA hote - itakyA sUkSma aMgAMnI pratyeka jIvAMcA vicAra kelA Ahe. 'paMcamahAbhUtAMcyA AdhAre mhaNajeca jainadarzanAnusAra ekeMdriyAMcyA AdhAreca sarva jIva jagatAt rAhatAta' ase javaLajavaLa sarva dArzanika mAnata asatIla tarI tyAMnA jIva saMjJA deNe, he phakta jainadarzanAceca vaiziSTya Ahe. 42

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AjacyA kALAta dusar2yAMbaddala mANUsa kitI vicAra karato ? padopadI to dusar2yAMnA dukhAvata asato. azA paristhitIta, ekeMdriya jIva ApalyAvara upakAra karata Aheta, tyAMcyAzivAya Apale jagaNeca azakya Ahe ANi mhaNUnaca nidAna tyAMcA vApara tarI ApaNa kamI va sAvadhAnIpUrvaka karAvA, ase mArgadarzana AcArAMgAtUna nakkIca ApalyA aMtarAtmyAparyaMta pohocate. AtmasAkSAtkAra karAyacA tara kAmanA-vAsanA-icchA-AsaktI i.zI yuddha karAyalA pAhije. yA karmazarIrAcyA vRttI asUna tyA tyAgAvyAta. veLoveLI AtmatulA karAvI. bha. mahAvIra AtmaupamyabhAvAce prarUpaka hote. AhAra, zayyA, bhASA, IryA i. kriyA karatAnA ekeMdriyAMpAsUna paMceMdriya jIvAMcI yatanA karAvI, viveka bALagAvA. pUrNa AcArAMgAta karmakSayAce je upadeza dile Aheta, tyAceca aMtima phaLa mhaNaje 'mokSa' hoya. ___zarIra anitya, azAzvata, adhruva, vikArI, vidhvaMsa hoNAre, cayApacayAne kamI-adhika hoNAre ase Ahe. badalatA paryAya hA zarIrAcA dharma asUna rogavyAdhI zarIrAlAca hotAta, AtmyAlA nAhI. 2600 varSAMpUrvI sAMgitalele he AtmaciMtana, Atmatattva AjahI tevaDheca satya Ahe. karmanirjarece sAMgitalele upAya AjahI tevaDheca khare Aheta. paraMtu graMthAtUna dilelyA mArgadarzanAnusAra pratyakSa AcaraNa titakeca Avazyaka Ahe. taraca to AtmA parAkramI va pAragAmI hoU zakato. kharokharaca AtmajijJAsepAsUna Atmadarzana yetheca miLU zakate. 43

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(13) AcArAMga meM sAmAjika utsava - saMgItA munota mAnava mUlarUpa se hI utsavapriya hai / apane hara eka kArya ko apanoM ke sAtha milakara manAnA use acchA lagatA hai / utsavapriyatA evaM samAjapriyatA eka sikke ke do pahalU haiM / AcArAMga meM kucha isa prakAra ke varNana pAye jAte haiM jisase hameM mAlUma hotA hai ki usa prAcIna kAla meM utsava manAne kA kaunasA tarIkA thaa| AcArAMga ke 'piNDaiSaNA' adhyayana meM varNita utsava usa samaya kI sAmAjika paristhiti darzAte haiM / aThAI, pandraha, mAsakhamaNa Adi tapa ke tathA usake pAraNe ke upalakSya meM loga utsava manAte the / Rtu-saMbaMdhI tyauhAroM kI bharamAra thI / zaradotsava, vasaMtotsava Adi samAroha Rtu-AraMbha evaM RtusamApti para hote the / pitaroM ke zrAddha meM bhoja kA Ayojana hotA thA / ___ kaumudImahotsava, madanamahotsava evaM indramahotsava baDe paimAne para manAyA jAtA thA / indra, rudra, baladeva, bhUta, yakSa, nAga Adi kI pUjA-upAsanA kI jAtI thI / caitya, stUpa Adi nirmANa ke samaya bhI kAphI baDe samAraMbha hote the / prAkRtika cIjoM kI pUjA kI jAtI thI - jaise - vRkSa, parvata, guphA, talAva, sarovara, nadI, sAgara Adi / manuSyoM ke vividha saMskAra jaise janma (vardhApanaka), nAmakaraNa, vivAha Adi ke upalakSya meM utsava hote the / mRtyu ke uparAnta bhI mahAbhoja kA Ayojana hotA thA / ina donoM kA ullekha AcArAMga meM pUrva-saMkhaDI' aura 'pazcAtasaMkhaDI' ke rUpa meM nidarzita hai / saMkhaDI meM mAMsAhAra, madyapAna kA bhI pracalana thaa| 44

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AcArAMga ke dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai ki, 'sAdhusAdhvI kisI bhI prakAra ke sAmAjika utsavoM meM zAmila na hoveM / 'saMkhaDI' arthAt sAmUhika bhoja meM bhikSA-yAcanA ke lie na jAe~ / ' sAmUhika bhoja meM nihita vividha prakAra kI azuddhi evaM hiMsA kA TIkAkAroM ne acchI taraha vistAra kiyA hai / yadyapi sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie niSedha dvArA vividha utsavoM kA jikra AcArAMga meM kiyA hai, tathApi usa kAla ke sAmAjika tathA sAMskRtika pariveza kA paricaya isake dvArA hameM prApta hotA hai / usa kAla ke ullAsa-umaMgautsAhapUrNa sAmAjika jIvana kI jhalaka isameM pratibiMbita hai / 45

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(14) jaina-bauddha AcAravicAra : sAmya-bheda - zakuMtalA kemakara mahAvIrAMcA kALa i.sa.pU.523 tara gautama buddhAMcA i.sa.pU.563. doghAMcA kALa javaLajavaLa ekaca. tyAveLI samAjAta yajJa-yAga, pazubaLI yAMce stoma hote. doghAMnIhI ahiMsesAThI athaka prayatna kele. donhI dharma zrAmaNyapara asalyAne jaina va bauddha sAhityAta aneka saMkalpanA, padAvalI, upamA, dRSTAMta yAMmadhye khUpaca sAmya ADhaLate. tyAMce prAraMbhika vihArakSetrahI prAya: ekaca hote. mhaNUna tethIla pracalita lokabhASA arthAt 'ardhamAgadhI' va 'pAlI' tyAMnI upadezAsAThI svIkAralyA. doghAMnIhI aina yauvanAta gRhatyAga kelA. dIrghakALa khaDatara tapasyA, dhyAna va ciMtana kele. mahAvIrAMcyA AtmasAkSAtkArAsa kevala-jJAna-prAptI' mhaNatAta tara gautama buddhAMcyA AtmasAkSAtkArAsa 'bodhi' mhaNatAta. jJAnaprAptInaMtara doghAMnIhI dIrghakALa vihAra karUna dharmopadeza dilA. ___mahAvIrAMcI vANI tyAMcyA gaNadharAMnI sUtrarUpAne saMkalita kelI. tIna vAcanAMcyA naMtara tI akarA ardhamAgadhI aMga-graMthAMcyA rUpAne graMthArUDha jhAlI. gautama buddhAMcyA mukhAtUna utsphUrtapaNe gAthArUpAne bAhera paDalelA upadeza, tyAMcyA ziSyAMnI saMkalita kelA. tyAMcyAhI tIna 'saMgIti' (vAcanA) jhAlyA. Aja 'tripiTakA'cyA rUpAne to upadeza upalabdha Ahe. arthAt doghAMcyAhI sAhityAta veLoveLI bhara paDalelI disate. ___ mahAvIrAMnI sarva jIvAMcyA samAnatevara adhika bhara dilA. ekeMdriyAMcI hiMsA karatAnA sadaiva apramattatA ThevaNyAcA upadeza dilA. buddhAMcI hiMsA itakI sUkSma nasUna barIca vyAvahArika Ahe. 46

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mahAvIrAMnI 'sat'ce svarUpa utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta mAnale. buddhAMnI kSaNikatevara adhika bhara dilA. du:khamuktIce upAya sAMgitale. mahAvIrAMnI pUrvakarmAMcyA saMpUrNa nirjarene nirvANaprAptI sAMgitalI. buddhAMcA mArga madhyama-mArga hotA. tyAMnI svataH kaSTa karaNyAvara, karuNevara bhara dilA. pApa na karaNe, cAMgalyA saMgatIta rAhaNe, citta zuddha ThevaNe - yAvara mhaNaje zIlapAlanAlA mahattva dile. AcArAMgAcyA pahilyA zrutaskaMdhAta AbhyaMtara saMvedanazIlatelA prAdhAnya dile. bAhya AcArAce prAmukhyAne nirUpaNa dusar2yA zrutaskaMdhAta kele. bauddhAMcyA 'vinayapiTakA'ta bhikSUbhikSuNIMcyA AcAra-vyavahArAMcI niyamAvalI dilI Ahe. mahAvIrAMnI tapasyece 12 prakAra sAMgUna zarIra kRza karaNyAvara bhara dilA tara tathAgatAMnI kaDaka tapAlA va oDhavUna ghetalelyA zArIrika klezAMnA kaDavA virodha kelA. tathAgata mhaNatAta, "tapAne zarIrAsa pIDA hote. bAkI kAhI sAdhya hota nAhI, prathama svataHsa surakSita ThevA.' doghAMnIhI brahmacarya-vratAsa mahattva dile. mahAvIrAMcyA saMghAta pUrvaparaMparenusAra strI-dIkSA dilyA jAta hotyA. ___ zvetAMbara mAnyatenusAra puruSaca kAya paNa striyA va napuMsakahI 'siddhapada' prApta karU zakatAta. buddhAMcA AraMbhI strI-dIkSesa virodha hotA. AnaMda va mAtA gautamI yAMcyA AgrahAstava tyAMnI strI-dIkSesa anumatI dilI. jaina dharmAnusAra sAdhUMsAThI pAca vrate mahattvAcI tara buddhAMnI dahA niyamAMce pAlana Avazyaka mAnale. jainAta jase 'pauSadhavrata' tase bauddhAMmadhye 'uposathavrata' Ahe. jaina zramaNAMsAThI AhAra, vastra, pAtra, sthAna, vastU - sarva kAhI 'prAzuka' va 'eSaNIya' asaNe mahattvAce Ahe. pAyI vihArAce kaDaka niyama AjahI pALale jAtAta. bauddha dharmAta maTha-vihAra bAMdhUna rAhaNyAcI mubhA Ahe. AhAra-eSaNece 47

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prastha nAhI. jI bhikSA miLela tI sAmAnyataH grahaNa karatAta. vihArAsAThI va dharmaprasArAsAThI vAhana vAparaNyAcI mubhA Ahe. jaina dharmAta ahiMsA - anekAnta va karmasiddhAMtAsa prAdhAnya Ahe. bauddha dharmAta maitrI, karuNA, svAvalaMbana, sevA va dhyAna yAMnA mahattva Ahe. kaDaka AcArapaddhatI va sUkSma tattvajJAna yAmuLe jaina dharmAcA pracAra kamI jhAlA. madhyama AcAra ANi sope tattvajJAna yAmuLe bauddha dharma jagabhara pasaralA. Aja ghaDIlA bhAratAta pALalA jANArA jaina dharma ANi tattvajJAnAcA abhyAsa, Aja ghaDIlA bhAratAta astitvAta asalelyA bauddha dharmApekSA nizcitaca mUlagAmI, vyApaka va samAjaniSTha Ahe. sAdhuvarga va zrAvakavargAcI ghaTTa vINa he tyAce kAraNa Ahe. 48

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(15) AcArAMgAta vanaspatI ANi paryAvaraNa - sAdhanA desaDalA 'muThA nadIce pANI piNyAjoge, vAparaNyAjoge nAhI', he vAcale, an manAta vicAra AlA, 'yAlA kAraNIbhUta sarva mAnava samAja Ahe.' nirmAlya, sAMDapANI, kAgada-kacarA, plaeNsTika i. aneka goSTI rojaca nadIta TAkalyA jAtAta. vanaspatikAya, jalakAya sarvAMcI hatyA hote. bha. mahAvIrAMnI 2600 varSAMpUrvI vanaspatIMcI tulanA sajIvAMbarobara kelI. pRthvIkAya, apkAya i. SaTjIvanikAya he sarva sajIva ekeMdriya jIva Aheta. mAnava zarIrAvara je guNa-paryAya ApalyAlA disatAta taseca te vanaspatIMcyA zarIrAvarahI disatAta. vijJAnAne suddhA he mAnya kele Ahe. jainadarzana he ekameva ase darzana Ahe jyAne yA sarvAMbaddala AsthA darzavilI Ahe, tyAMcA bArakAIne vicArahI kelA Ahe. 'jo egaM jANai se savvaM jANai' - jo ekA AtmyAlA jANato, to sagaLe jANato. heca dusar2yA zabdAta mhaNAyace jhAle tara, 'jo ekA SaTjIvanikAyAlA jANUna vAcavela, tyAkaDUna bAkIcyA jIvAMce ApoApaca rakSaNa hoIla.' sadhyAcyA paryAvaraNa asaMtulanAlA jara ALA basavAyacA asela tara sagaLIkaDe 'jhADe lAvA, jhADe vAcavA', ase nusateca lihiNyApekSA kAhItarI kRtI karAyalA havI. dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva yAnusAra sarva kAhI badalata Ahe. pUrvApAra cAlata AlelyA kitItarI cAlIritI ApaNa ApalyA va itarAMcyA soyIsAThI badalata Ahota. tara maga devAMcI pUjA karaNyAcI paddhata kA badalU naye ? pAne, phule, tAMdULa, zeMgadANe i. vAhaNyAneca kA deva prasanna hoto ? ApaNa he sarva toDUna 49

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jIvAMcI hatyA karato, pANyAta TAkUna tyAtIla jIvAMcI hatyA karato. zanivArI jAgojAgI liMbU-miracI lAvaNe, phoToMnA roja nave hAra ghAlaNe, kAhI ThikANI tara divasAtUna 4-5 veLesa devAMce hAra badalaNe, devAlA tela vAhaNe i. yApekSA to paisA sAThavUna ekhAdyA garajUlA zikSaNa, auSadha, bhukelelyAlA jevaNa detA yeIla. rAjakIya netyAMnA evaDhe moThe hAra ghAtale jAtAta. paisA vAyA jAto va phulAMcI hatyA hote. __'sUraja kI garamI se jalate hue tana ko mila jAe taravara kI chAyA', he gANe aikalyAvara vATate kI - 'jhADAMcI sAvalI miLAyalA jhADe tara zillaka havIta nA!' rastyAMce ruMdIkaraNa, kAgada banavaNe, caMdana taskarI, pharnicara i. aneka kAraNAMnI vRkSatoDa hote. dasar2yAlA tara ApaTyAcI pAne khUpa toDalI jAtAta va barIca vAyAhI jAtAta. dasarA, divALI, pADavA i. aneka utsavAta kitItarI phule toDalI jAtAta va jAsta jhAlI mhaNUna rastyAvara phekalI jAtAta. kAhI varSAMnaMtara ApalyA puDhacyA piDhIlA hI jhADe iMTaraneTavara pAhAyalA miLatIla. eke ThikANI vAcale - 'paDatA paDatA jhADa mhaNAle AmacI koThehI zAkhA nAhI', an mana sunna jhAle. upasaMhAra : sakala jaina samAjAne ekatra yeUna ase TharavAve kI - yApuDhe lagna, itara samAraMbha, utsava i. hiravaLIvara karU naye. phulAMce Dekorezana karU naye. puSpaguccha deU nayeta. yA sarva junyA-navyA prathA dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAvAcA vicAra karUna baMda karAvyAta. nidAna bha. mahAvIrAMce anuyAyI Ahota tara eka cAMgale pAUla ahiMsekaDe ucalU yA. AcArAMga jIvanAta utaravU yA. 8 .

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(16) sAdhu-AcArAsa zrAvaka kasA pUraka Tharela ? - zobhA loDhA AcArAMgAta bha. mahAvIrAMnI satata AjUbAjUce nirIkSaNa karAyacA sallA dilA Ahe. AcArAMgAtIla SaTjIvanikAyAMcyA upadezAce nITa manana kele taraca ApaNa jamIna, pANI, UrjA, vAyU va vanaspatIMnA nITa japU zakU. sacittaacittAce nITa jJAna jhAle kI sAdhu-sAdhvIMcyA AhArapANyAcI yogya vyavasthA karatA yeIla. sAdhusaMta thAMbaNyAcyA jAgecI ApaNa soya karIta asU tara varSabharaca tI jAgA ApalyAlA jhADUna-pusUna svaccha ThevalI pAhije. vihAra karatAnA tyAMnA cAMgalI va javaLacI vATa dAkhavilI pAhije. sobata kelI pAhije. ADamArgAne jANyAta je dhoke Aheta te yAmuLe TaLU zakatIla. bha. mahAvIra kharokharaca draSTe hote. vAhanAMcyA ati-vAparAmuLe hoNAre dhoke ANi pradUSaNa jaNU tyAMnA kaLale hote. mhaNUnaca tyAMnI sAdhUMnA pAyI vihAra sAMgitalA. AcArAMgAne sAdhUMcyA bhASika vyavahArAsAThI ghAlUna dilele niyama ApaNa vAcale. tyA niyamAMce yathAzaktI pAlana zrAvakAsahI phAyadezIra Tharela. sAdhUMcI bhASaiSaNA jANUna zrAvakAne TharavAve kI ApaNa tyAMcyAzI jAdA javaLIka ThevU naye. kuTuMbakathA karU nayeta.tyAMcyAkaDUna sAMsArika goSTItale salle-mArgadarzana gheU naye. sAdhu-saMta he samAjAce dhArmika va AdhyAtmika sallAgAra Aheta. kauTuMbika, bhAvanika samupadezanAcI apekSA ThevU naye. AcArAMgAtIla vastraiSaNA jANUna tyAMnA jAdA va cAMgalI vastre vAparaNe va sAThavaNe yAcyA mohAta pADU naye. tIca goSTa pAtraiSaNecI. tyAMnA atyaMta sAdhI,

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lAkaDI pAtre kalpatAta. plaeNsTika i. pAsUna banalelyA AkarSaka, raMgIta pAtrAMcI tyAMnA savaya lAvU naye. AgamAmadhye zrAvakAMnA 'ammA-piyA' ase saMbodhana vAparale Ahe. ApaNa AI-vaDIla asU tara sAdhu-saMtAMcyA AdhyAtmika pragatIcyA ADa yeIla azI koNatIhI goSTa ApaNa karU naye. ApalI hI jabAbadArI Ahe kI tyAMcyA AcaraNAtIla kAhI cUka ApalyA lakSAta AlI tara namratApUrvaka tI tyAMcyA nidarzanAsa ANUna dyAvI. sAdhU-AcArAce niyama ApalyAlA nITa mAhIta asatIla taraca ApaNa sAdhUMcyA saMyama-pAlanAlA sahAyaka azA goSTI karU zakU. mhaNUnaca pratyeka jaina vyaktIlA ApaNa AcArAMga zikaNyAsa protsAhita karU yA.

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(17) sAdhUMcI rogacikitsA - kamala botharA AcArAMga hA sAdhuAcArAce niyama sAMgaNArA graMtha Ahe. 'ahiMsece pUrNAMzAne pAlana karaNAr2yA sAdhUne svazarIrAta roga utpanna jhAlA tarI cikitsA karavUna gheU naye' ase AcArAMgAta sAMgitale Ahe. ___ kAraNa pUrvI jIvAMce chedana-bhedana-hanana karUna, tyAMcI carabI, hADe, ziMge, majjA, mAMsa i.cA upayoga karUna auSadhe banavilI jAta hotI. azA auSadhAMnI jyAMcI cikitsA kelI jAIla, tyAMcAhI tyA hiMseta sahabhAga hoto. te karmabaMdhAce kAraNa Tharate. ase vidhAna svata: mahAvIrAMnI kele Ahe. (saMdarbha :- AcArAMga 1-lokavijaya-sUtra kra.147) prAraMbhI mahAvIrAMnI sAdhUMsAThI rogacikitsecA pUrNa niSedha kelA Ahe. aparigrahavratadhArI sAdhUlA zarIrAce mamatva ThevUna cAlaNAra nAhI. tyAne vicAra karAvA, 'zarIra he nAzavaMta Ahe. asAtA vedanIya karmAcyA udayAne mAjhyA zarIrAta roga utpanna jhAlA Ahe. kAyakleza parISaha samabhAvAne sahana kelyAne mAjhI karmanirjarA hoIla.' rogacikitsA kelyAne rogApAsUna mukta hoUna malA dIrghAyuSya lAbhela, asA vicAra sAdhUne karU naye. kAraNa Ayurvardhana saMkalpanA jaina karmasiddhAMtAta basata nAhI. pratyekAcI AyumaryAdA AdhIca TharalelI asate. taila, mardana, abhyaMga, vamana, virecana, basti hI AyurvedAtIla paMcakarmehI sAdhUMsAThI niSiddha mAnalI gelI. yAvarUna te niyama kATekora asAveta. 53

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ase he kATekora asalele niyama puDhe chedasUtra kALAparyaMta zithila hota gele. 'vanaspatijanya prAsuka eSaNIya dravyAMcyA AdhAre sAdhUne rogacikitsA karavUna ghyAvI', asA niyama rUDha jhAlA. kalpa, vyavahAra, nizIthasUtre yAMmadhye sAdhUMnI karAvayAcyA cikitsece varNana yete. rogAne pIDita jhAlelyA sAdhUMcyA AcaraNAta zithilatA yeIla va svAdhyAyadhyAnadhAraNa-tapa-japa-sAdhane yAkaDe tyAce lakSa lAgaNAra nAhI. mhaNUnaca zarIramAdyaM khalu dharmasAdhanam' yA uktInusAra zarIra svastha ThevaNe garajece Ahe. kAraNa sAdhakAce aMtima dhyeya mokSa va te miLaviNyAsAThI karAvA lAgaNArA puruSArtha yAsAThI zarIra heca sAdhana Ahe. AcArAMgAta AlelI rogAMcI nAve, rogacikitsece prakAra yAvarUna tyAveLace vaidyakazAstra kitI pragata hote te kaLate. AjahI abhyAsakAsa te mArgadarzaka Tharate. dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAvAnusAra paristhitI badalalI Ahe. Aja mAtra samAjAta sAdhusAdhvIMsAThI sarva prakAracyA rogacikitsA va tyAvara karAve lAgaNAre upacAra mhaNaje zastrakriyeparyaMta vikAsa jhAlA Ahe. yAvara karmanirjaresAThI te gurUMkaDUna prAyazcittahI ghetAnA disatAta. sarvasaMgaparityAga kelelA asalA tarI tehI manuSyaca Aheta. 54

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(18) mahAvIrAMnI nirIkSaNAlA dilele mahattva - kalpanA muthA 'pAsa', 'pAsaha', 'pAsejjA' he zabda AcArAMgAta bar2yAca ThikANI disatAta. 'AjUbAjUlA asalelyA ghaTakAMce nITa nirIkSaNa karUna tyAce svarUpa samajAvUna ghyA va pratyekAzI kase vAgAve yAcA sakhola vicAra karA', hIca AcArAMgAcI pramukha suruvAta hoya. pUrvaparaMparene mahAvIrAMnI je aikale, anubhavale tyAvara svata:ce nirIkSaNa, ciMtana karUna pahA, vicAra karA ase sAMgUna sAdhUlA va zrAvakAlA sAvadha kele. sRSTIce dAra ughaDale. sarva ekeMdriyAMpAsUna sthUlAparyaMta sarvAMnA manApAsUna jANale tara tyAMcyAta suddhA prANacetanA, saMvedanA Ahe hA sUkSma ANi vyApaka vicAra mahAvIrAMnI kelA. ekeMdriyAMcyA vedanelA AvAja dilA. tyA vedanA ApalyAparyaMta pohocavalyA. jarI yA jIvAMnA ApalyA vedanA vyakta karatA AlyA nAhIta ANi ApalyAlA suddhA tyA kadhI kaLalyAca nAhIta, tyAMcyAta jIvatva Ahe hyA dRSTIne ApaNa kadhI tyAMcyAkaDe pAhilehI nAhI. hIca sUkSma dRSTI mahAvIrAMnI ApalyAlA dilI. hyA sthAvarakAyika jIvAMcyA sahabhAgAmuLeca ApaNa jagata asato. he jIva suddhA manAta premabhAva dharUnaca asatAta. he nirIkSaNAne kaLalyAmuLe kriyA-pratikriyA karatAnA udArabhAva ThevatA AlA. sAvadhAnatebarobara jAgarUkatAhI AlI. pratyeka viSama paristhitIkaDe samabhAvAne pahA, he tyAMce vaktavya AjacyA dhAvapaLIcyA, anitya azA jIvanAta samupadezanAce kAma karate. jIvanAtIla maragaLa dUra hovUna pratyeka goSTIkaDe 'paoNjhiTivha a~gala'neca pAhile jAte. 'NAlaM pAsa' azA choTyA sUtrAdvAre bhogopabhoga va parigraha yAmuLe avizvAsa va bhaya kase vADhIlA lAgatAta yAce mAnavI vicArAMcyA anuSaMgAne kalele nirIkSaNa kaLate ANi saMsArAta maryAdebarobaraca sahanazIlatA vADhavaNyAcI dRSTI yete.

Page #64
ahiMsA hyA saMkalpanecA prAraMbhaca hyA sthAvara jIvAMcyA rakSaNAne jhAlelA disato. tyAmuLe 'pAsa loe mahabbhayaM' yA sUtrAmuLe paMcakarma, sauMdarya cikitsA, spA therapIj yAkaDe pahANyAcI cikitsakavRttI AlI. sauMdarya vADhavaNAr2yA vastUMmadhye tyA jIvAMviSayI karuNAbhAva disU lAgalA. mahAvIrAMcI dUradRSTI aphATa hotI. te 'Ayatacakkhu' hote. jyA samasyA ApaNAsa AttA bheDasAvata Aheta tyAMcA vicAra tyAMnI tyAkALIca kelA. anna, pANI, vastra yAcA garajepuratAca vApara kelyAsa paryAvaraNa saMtulanAbarobara mAnasika saMtulanahI rahAte he jANavale va tyAdRSTIne vicAra karaNyAsa cAlanA miLAlI. sAdhUMcI AcArasaMhitA sUkSma nirIkSaNAtUnaca banavalI. sAdhUne na pahAtA, kALajI na ghetA koNatIhI goSTa karU naye. tyAMnI AhAra, vihAra, bhikSA, rahANyAsaMbaMdhI samitIyuktaca jIvana jagAve. mahAvIrAMce sUkSma nirIkSaNa samAjAtIla aneka bhiDUMnA yogya mArgadarzanaca Tharale. tyAkALacI khAna-pAna vyavasthA, utsava, vastre, ghare, bhojanasamAraMbha yAtUna bhAratAcyA samRddhIce, bharabharATIce darzana hote. ApaNa kitI maoNDarna, Adhunika, sudhArita, raoNyala rAhaNImAna jagato hA vyartha abhimAna he sarva pAhUna gaLUna paDato. ApaNa phakta kRtrimatA va bhapakebAja yAta guraphaTata Ahota, he samajate. upasaMhAra : AcArAMga he khar2yA arthAne vicArAMga Ahe. 'pAsa, pAsaha, pAsejjA' he sAMgUna ciMtana karAyalA lAvate. koNatIhI sAdhanasAmagrI upalabdha nasatAnA kevaLa nirIkSaNAtUna ApalyAlA ithaparyaMta ANUna soDale kI, ApaNa pratyeka goSTa karatAnA nirIkSaNa karAyalA zikalo tara ApalyA hAtUna paNa hiMsA kamI hoIla.

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(19) karmapravRtti evaM hiMsA - arjuna nirvANa AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke 'zastraparijJA' isa pahale adhyayana meM mahAvIra kahate haiM ki, janma lenevAle hara jIva ko jIne ke lie karma karanA paDatA hai / isameM manuSya kA vicAra karate hue batAyA hai ki, vaha kina kAraNoM se kriyAoM meM pravRtta hotA hai, ve nimnaprakAra haiM - dUsaroM se 1) prazaMsA, kIrti ke lie - apane ko zreSTha batAne ke lie -sAhasika pratiyogitAoM meM bhAga lenA / 2) sammAna pAne ke lie adhika dhanopArjana aura bAhya evaM AMtarika balavardhana / 3) pUjA, dravyapUjA, iSTadeva kI pUjA ke lie bhAgadauDa / hara koI apane guNa gAe isake lie prayatna / 4) janma - apatyaprApti aura agale janma ke lie anekoM karma / 5) maraNa - pitaroM ke lie aura vairazamana ke lie aneka kriyAkalApa / 6) mokSa - aneka prakAra kI upAsanA meM magna hokara mukti ke lie prytn| duHkha pratikAra - roganivAraNa ke lie auSadhi rasapAna prayoga aura usake lie hiMsA karma / yaha vargIkaraNa itanA paripUrNa hai ki badalAva kI koI guMjAiza nhiiN| mahAvIra hara mudde ke jaDa taka jAkara socate haiM / unakI painI najara se koI bAta chUTatI nahIM / yaha kAraNa isalie ginAe gae haiM tAki karma karane se honevAlI hiMsA nyUnatama ho / jIvikA ke lie paryApta hiMsA hI ho / usakA aticAra na ho / 57

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yaha kAraNa zrAvakoM ke lie adhikatara lAgU hai / paraMtu sAdhu ko bhI inase bacanA cAhie / mahAvIra apanI bAta sUtra rUpa meM saMkSepa meM kahate haiM / use samajhane ke lie gurujanoM kA sahArA lenA paDatA hai / aise bahuta se sUtra AcArAMga meM hama pAte haiN|

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(20) AcArAMgAcA maulyavAn saMdeza zakuMtalA coraDiyA AcArAMga hyA prAcInatama jaina graMthAtIla prathama zrutaskaMdhAta aneka choTI choTI sUtravajA vAkye Aheta. tyA choTyA arthapUrNa maulika vAkyAtUna sajaga jIvana jagaNyAcA jaNU dhAgAca sApaDato. 'Natthi kAlassa NAgamo' hyA hRdayasparzI vAkyAne kevaDhA moThA saMdeza dilA Ahe. kALAcA kAhI bharavasA nAhI. to kevhAhI yeIla ANi yethIla jIvanayAtrA saMpUna jAIla. tevhA pratikSaNI AyuSyAce anamola kSaNa saMpata Aheta hyAcA visara paDalelyA ajJAnI bhoLyA jIvAce sadyasthitIce citraNa DoLyAsamora taraLate. - 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' mhaNavaNAre pUjA, sanmAna, satkAra, pratiSThesAThI sthAvara jIvAMcI vAremApa hiMsA karata Aheta. viSayavAsanecyA AdhIna jhAlelyA mANasAcI iMdriyAMce lADa puravaNyAsAThI nako tevaDhI dhaDapaDa cAlalI Ahe. Apta, svakIya, priyajanAMcyA mohAne premAne veDAvalelA mANUsa sukhasamRddhI prApta karaNyAsAThI rAtraMdivasa dhAvata Ahe. jasajase paisA, aizvarya, mAnamarAtaba vADhata cAlale, tasatase vivekAce DoLe baMda jhAle ANi anItIce mArga khule jhAle. durAcArI lokAMcI saMgata vADhalI. paisA miLaviNyAsAThI kitI khAlacyA tharAparyaMta to pohocalA ! 'mAjhe hAta koThaparyaMta pohocale Aheta' he dAkhaviNyAsAThI puDhAr2yAMcI manamAnI kelI. moThamoThyA pAryAMce Ayojana kele. moThamoThyA deNagyA deUna nAvAcyA pATyA lAvalyA. nAvalaukika, pratiSThA miLavUna sukhAcI prAptI kelI. paNa tIhI kSaNikaca TharalI. 59

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hyA ATyApiTyAta dhAvatA dhAvatA iMdriyAMnI sAtha soDalI. tI ziNalI. asAdhya vyAdhIMnI zarIrAta ThANa mAMDale. vedanAMnI gherAva ghAtalA. hAyatrAya surU jhAlI. sarvAMnA havAhavAsA vATaNArA toca AtA nakosA jhAlA. anItIne ANalelyA lakSmInehI pATha phiravalI. jyAMcyAsAThI evaDhI mehanata kelI tyAMnIhI toMDa phiravale. tevhA bhagavaMtAce zabda AThavale - 'NAlaM te tava tANAe vA saraNAe vA / ' svajana Adi zaraNa deNyAta asamartha Aheta. sAMsArika sukha he sAre kSaNika Ahe, asthira Ahe, svapnavat Ahe. ajJAnI avastheta sAMsArika bhoga-upabhogAta durlabha jIvanAcI itizrI kelI. ANi janma maraNAcyA cakrAta punhA aDakalA. hI jIvAcI ajJAnI avasthA pAhUnaca AcArAMgAcyA dusar2yA zrutaskaMdhAtIla vimuktI adhyayanAta AcAryAMnI tattvadarzI vidhAne kelI Aheta ase vATate. saMsArAta manuSyAce zarIra, sukhasamRddhI, nAtIgotI sAre anitya Ahe. tevhA nirbhayatene rAga, dveSa, moha, AraMbha, parigrahAcA tyAga kara. sarvAMnAca Apale jIvana priya Ahe. mhaNUna koNatyAhI jIvAcI hiMsA karU nakosa. koNIhI niMdA kelI, tiraskAra kelA, durvyavahAra kelA tarI samabhAvanene sahana kara. uttama kSamA AdIMcA svIkAra karUna tRSNecA tyAga kara. tapobala vADhava. karmAcA nAza karaNyAsAThI paMcamahAvratAMce pAlana kara. sarva parISaha anAsakta bhAvanene sahana karUna karmabaMdhanAtUna mukta hoUna akSaya, avyaya, nirAbAdha arthAt mokSAcA svAmI ho. 60

Page #69
(21) AcArAMga : eka cintana - kamalA khiMvasarA zrI AcArAMgasUtra jaina vAGmaya kA pradhAna aMgasUtra hai / isa AgamasUtra meM jaina zramaNa ke AbhyaMtara aura bAhya AcAravyavahAra kA vyAkhyAna kiyA hai / bauddhagraMtha ke vinayapiTaka meM tathA vaidika paraMparA ke dharmasUtra aura smRtigraMthoM meM bhI isI prakAra ke AcAra vidhAna haiM - jo tatkAlIna gRhatyAgI bhikSuvarga ke lie AcAra spaSTa karate haiM / AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana kA mahattva anokhA hai / paryAvaraNa, bijalIbacata, vRkSabacAva, prANisaMrakSaNa, vAtAvaraNa saMtulana, Rtucakra Adi aneka viSaya usameM nihita haiM / bha. mahAvIra ke tattvajJAna kA upayoga Aja bhI kiyA jAya to ukta samasyAoM para sahajatA se mAta kI jA sakatI hai / bha. mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita yogasAdhanA, bAraha prakAra kI tapasyA yaha bahuta baDI dena hai jo jagat ke lie upakArI hai / inase mAnasika tathA zArIrika Arogya acchA rahatA hai / ___ sAMkhyadarzana meM prakRti-puruSa viveka' ina zabdoM kA upayoga hai to jainadarzana 'jar3a-cetana viveka' ke sAtha vinaya kI pradhAnatA detA hai / sAMkhya matAnusAra paMcamahAbhUta jaDa haiM (arthAt pRthvI, pAnI, vAyu, agnI, AkAza) to jainadarzanAnusAra cetana haiM / sadyasthiti meM padayAtrA kA upayoga rAjakIya kSetra meM apane svArtha ke lie kiyA jAtA hai to jainadarzana meM prAcIna kAla se grAmAnugrAma paidala vihAra karane kA vidhAna hai / jisase sAdhu-sAdhvI dharmapracAra evaM AcAra kA pAlana acchI taraha se kara ske| __ AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM sAdhu-cikitsA kA viSaya pratipAdita hai| atiprAcIna kAla meM sAdhu-sAdhvI cikitsA nahIM karate the / usa vedanA ko

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samabhAva se sahana kareM, aisA niyama thA / paraMtu kAlAnusArI isameM parivartana najara AtA hai, jo ki jarUrI bhI hai / sAdhusaMtoM kI eSaNIya, ahiMsAyukta cikitsA kI jAtI hai / __ AcArazuddhi AcAra kA prathama aMga hai / isameM bhI kAlAnurUpa hama parivartana dekha rahe haiM / jaise - sAdhu-sAdhvI ke lie eka hI samaya AhAragrahaNa kA vidhAna hai / vAhanaprayoga, vihAravidhAna, vhilaceara, nihAra paddhati, cikitsA tapasyA kA ADaMbara, vastraparidhAna, AvAsanivAsa vyavasthA, pAtroM kI saMkhyA, bhASAviveka, saMsArapakSa ke prati dRSTikoNa, zikSaNa, sAhitya, patrikA, sIDI, kaeNseTa, mobAIla i. - isa prakAra parivartana huA hai aura Age bhI hotA rahegA / inameM se kaI bAteM Avazyaka bhI haiM / lekina hamArA kartavya banatA hai ki DhIla dete dete kahI sArasUtra na kho jAe / 6

Page #71
AcArAMga kAvyakuMja (1) AcArAMga : kAvyAtUna - DaoN. nalinI jozI 26 zatakaM ulaTUna gelI, eka dazakahI puDhacaM saralaM AcArAMgAtalaM vicArasaMcita AjahI titakaMca tAjaM vATalaM 1) AtmazodhApAsUnacA pravAsa saMthAr2yAparyaMta yeUna ThepalA tujhyA pAulakhuNA zodhata AmhIhI thoDA karUna pAhilA vATalaM hotaM AcArAMgAta asela sAraM sAdhUMsAThI visAvyAcyA chAyA disalyA tumhA AmhA sarvAMsAThI pahA- - baghA- vicAra karA taLamaLUna tU sAMgitalaMsa DoLe miTUna jagaNAr2yAMsAThI jhaNajhaNIta zabdAta aMjana ghAtalaMsa vedanAgrasta iMdriyAMnA tU tujhA AvAja dilAsa AvAjAtUna tyAMcA Akroza, AmacyAparyaMta pohocavalAsa (an jANIva jhAlI) jagaNyAsAThI, kIrtIsAThI, du:khApAsUna suTakesAThI dharmAsAThI, mokSAsAThI kitI ojhaM bAMdhalaM pAThI ! 'parijJe'cA kharA artha, thoDA jarI samajalA, ugAralelI 'zastraM' AmacI myAna hotIla baghatA baghatA 2) koNatA 'loka' ? kasalA 'vijaya' ? tU vicArAlA lAvalaMsa ekA kSaNAvara tujhI sattA, kasalaM karatosa niyojana ? pikAvaracyA pAkharAMsArakhA, gotAvaLA hA tujhA sArA 63

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baghatA baghatA uDUna jAIla, iMdriyasukhAMcA tarala pArA aina veLI kuThUna ANazIla, tyA duHkhAMzI laDhaNyAcaM baLa phAra puDhe jANyAAdhIca veLevaratI mAge vaLa 3) 'sahana karaNaM mhaNaje dubaLepaNA' - ThAma samaja hotA AmacA 'zItoSNIyAMcyA ' rUpAnaM dilAsa navA vasA kAyamacA S hasUna mhaNAlAsa, 'jarUra bharA cALaNI pANyAnaM kAThokATha ' baghA dhAvUna icchAMmAge, dusar2yA hajara pAThopATha. vijoDAMce joDa joData, cAlato puDhe lAvata ThigaLa saMdhIMcaM svarUpa samajAvUna, neTakaM kelaMsa jIvana DhagaLa. zItoSNIyAMcA upasaMhAra vegaLAca vicAra mAMDUna kelAsa 'satyadraSTyAlA kasalI upAdhI ?' rokhaThoka sallA dilAsa 4) 'samyaktvAcA' prAsAda ubhA ahiMsecyA pAyAvara saMyama-mArga nAhI sopA, dhairyAcI tI kasoTI khaDatara lokaiSaNA soDUna de, zarIra-manAce damana kara AgApIchA ThevU nako, bodhIcA mArga duranucara tyAga, saMnyAsa nAhI sopA, yA adhyayanAta biMbavalaMsa AmhAlA purataM kaLUna cukalaM, he tara kuzalAMcaM darzana. pahilaM mhaNaje AcArAMgaca, sarva AgamAMcaM sAra tyAtalaM pAcavaM adhyayana, zIrSaka tyAcaM 'lokasAra'. AmacaM icchApUrtIcaM vizva, pholapaTAMnAca mhaNato sattva tumacI bhUmikA, dRSTI vegaLI, tumhI zodhalI tyAtUna tattva. 64

Page #73
'dRSTa' 'zruta' 'mata' zabdAtUna jANavalA purepUra AtmavizvAsa paramAtmapadAcyA varNanAta disale tumacyA anubhUtIMce nizvAsa 'dhuta' adhyayanAtUna dilesa avadhUtatattvAce nikaSa kUrma ANi vRkSAce dilesa dRSTAMta AmacyAsAThI sakasa nirliptapaNe jagaNAr2yAMsAThI 'mahAvIra' zabda vAparalAsa bhayagrastAMnA abhaya deNArA tUca kharA mahAvIra TharalAsa kuTuMba-svajana-parityAga sAdhUMsAThI pahilaM 'dhuta' karma-parityAga, bhAva-muMDana tU sAMgitalaMsa dusaraM dhuta AdhIca mojakI upakaraNaM, tyAMcAhI kramAkramAnaM tyAga zarIrAcyA laghutelAhI mahattva dilaMsa tU khAsa titikSA, kaSAyAMcaM sthAna pratyeka adhyayanAta sAMgitalaMsa AcArapatita sAdhU-munIMnA kaThora zabdAta phaTakAralaMsa zarIra-jIvAMcyA alagatecA vicAra, 'vimokSa' adhyayanAcaM sAra mokSAcaM varNana asela mhaNUna, vAcAyalA ghetalaM utsukatenaM phAra ATha uddezAta punhA ekadA AraMbha te upasaMhAra vimokSa adhyayanAta disalA, paMDitamaraNAcA gaMbhIra vicAra AdarabhAva-upekSAbhAva, kevhA kuThaM ThevAvA vAdAcA mukAbalA vAdAnaM, koNatyA veLI karAvA dhArmikatA nasate gAvAta, araNyAta, tI tara asate manAta maunAcaM mahattva veLoveLI sAMgitalaMsa ThevAyalA dhyAnAta zarIra-kaSAyAMcI kRzatA ANi pRthaktvAcI bhAvanA tInahI prakAracyA maraNAMnI hote AyuSyAcI sArthakatA.

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'upadhAna-zrutAcaM' sthAna, AmacyA lekhI TharalaM AgaLaM 'jase bolale tase vAgale' purepUra dhyAnI AlaM tujhyA ziSyavarAMnI lihilI tujhyA tapasyecI kahANI tujhyA upadezAcI akhera yApekSA koNatI cAMgalI TharatI zastraparijetUna umago AjUbAjUce tIvra bhAna 'jitaM mayA'cA ahaM dUra karo lokavijayAce tujhe gAna zItoSNIyAmadhUna vADho thoDI tarI sahanazaktI samyaktvAtUna sAdho AmhA madhyasthatecI thoDI yuktI tuccha kAya, sAra kAya, lokasArAtUna ghyAvA bodha kAya jhaTakaNaM jarUra Ahe, yAcA dhutavAdAtUna zodha maraNaM kasaM svIkArAvaM ? ThAUka asU de vimokSAtUna upadhAnAtIla tujhA Adarza kadhI na jAvo smaraNAtUna sAra dhyAnI ThevU ANi visarUna jAU sAraM kaTU navIna-navIna zikaNyAsAThI puDhacyA varSI nakkI bheTU. 66

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(2) AcArAMgabodha - mRNAlinI chAjeDa AcAra aura vicAra zuddhi se, hotA karmoM kA kSaya, DhAloM apane vyavahAra meM, na sirpha Adarza hoya / / 1 / / sAdhanA kA mArga kaThina hai, duHkha aura parISaha se bharapUra, siddhAMtoM kA pAlana karanA, na honA kabhI majabUra / / 2 / / sAdhanA kI chainI aura siddhAMta ke hathoDe se bana jAo svayaM ke zilpakAra, mitabhASI bano tuma aura ho jAo alipta aura nirvikAra / / 3 / / svAdhyAya ke lie nikAlo samaya jarAsA, hai ye aisI jalatI mazAla, naSTa karegI jo bhautikatA kA ghuppa aMdherA, aura karegI dRSTi vizAla / / 4 / / tapa se tuma rasanA ko jIto aura karo parimita AhAra pAnI, jisane isa bAta ko jAnA, kahalAtA vo jJAnI / / 5 / / pA~ca mahAvrata aura paccIsa bhAvanA hI hai jIvana kA mUlAdhAra, ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha se hI hogA jIvana kA sudhAra / / 6 / / sirpha baToranA hI Aja ke iMsAna kI hai phitarata, lekina dene kA AnaMda kyA hai, dAna deke jAnoge, jo badalegI tumhArI kismata // 7 // na ho jAta pAta kA aMtara aura vargoM meM koI bheda, kaSAyoM ko tuma dUra hI rakho, nahIM to hogA mana ko kheda / / 8 / / jAne kitanI rAha mokSa kI jAne kitane baMdhana, paMthavAda kI paDI beDiyA~, kaise ho nirbaMdhana / / 9 / / 67

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dayA, prema ke divya tattva kaba jagabhara meM pasareMge, mana kI gahana guphAoM meM kaba AtmadIpa prakaTeMge / / 10 / / pApa karma se kara lo virati aura puNya ko apanAo, apanAkara samabhAva hRdaya meM bhava pAra ho jAo / / 11 / / saMyama, sahanazIlatA aura samabhAva ko dhAraNa kiyA thA bha. mahAvIra ne, aura AtmArUpI anagaDha patthara meM chipI paramAtmA kI mUrata ko pragaTAyA thA mahAvIra ne / / 12 / / kyoM na hama bhI kareM anukaraNa usa patha kA, jisako apanAyA thA mahAvIra ne, hogI unake jaise caryA aura hogA sArthaka sIkhanA, jo batalAyA AcArAMga meM / / 13 / / 68

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(3) kAvyAtUna bhASAjAta - lalitA osavAla zabda saMbhAla ke bola re, zabda ko hAtha nA pAva re / eka zabda auSadha kare, eka zabda kare ghAva re / / janamAnasAta Apale vicAra, dharma, saMskAra pohocaviNyAce mukhya sAdhana Ahe bhASA. tI saMyamita, maryAdita va vivekapUrNa asAvI ase AcArAMgAsa apekSita Ahe. krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha hyAne mukta asAve vacana nizcayakArI va vinayAce asAve prayojana / / ekavacana-bahuvacana parokSa pratyakSAce TharavAve sthAna satya-asatya bhASece visarU naye bhAna / / karkaza niSThura bhASece karU naye uccAraNa he kAmavAlI, e nokara, e jhADuvAlA, e veTara azA halakyA zabdAMcA nakA karU vApara bighaDatAta sAre vyavahAra, manAta hoto anAdara / / striyAMnA karAve AdarAne saMbodhana 'laMgaDA', 'kALA', 'AMdhaLA' ase mhaNUna hoU naye krodhAce kAraNa / / jJAnAvaraNIya karmAcA kSaya mhaNUna miLAle bhASece varadAna mhaNUna zabda vAparA ahiMsece kiMvA maga pALAve mauna / / bagIcAtahI vRkSavelIMpratI asU dyAvA dayAbhAva nusatyA zabdAMnI suddhA jANavatAta tyA niSpApAMnA ghAva / /

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kharaMca, bhASA hA manAmanAMnA joDaNArA duvA Ahe. sAdhU va zrAvaka doghAMnIhI ApasAta va samAjAta saMyamita, Adarayukta bhASA manApAsUna bolAvI. zevaTI mhaNAvese vATate kI, 'miTTI miTTo bola thAro kAI bigaDe, kAI bigaDe thAro kAI bigaDe / ' 70

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(4) Natthi kAlassa NAgamo - zakuMtalA coraDiyA 1) AcArAMgAce dAra ughaDale, pratipAdita tattvAMce ciMtana kele, 'Natthi kAlassa NAgamo' evaDhe bhiDale, satata jAgRta rahANyAce dhaDe giravile. kALAcA bharavasA nAhI, taruNa, mhAtArA pahANAra nAhI, jasA jethe asela tasA ucalUna gheIla, hotyAce navhate karUna jAIla. tarIhI 3) pUjA, sanmAna, satkAra, pratiSThacA caTakA lAgalA, vAremApa sthAvara jIvAMcA ghAta kelA, paNa sarvAMcyA jayajayakArAne khuza jhAlA, 'Natthi kAlassa NAgamo' visaralA. svajana parivArAcyA mohAne veDA jhAlA, rAtraMdivasa mehanata karUna paisA miLavilA, mAnamarAtaba aizvaryAne sukhAvalA, 'Natthi kAlassa NAgamo' visaralA.

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iMdriyaviSayAcyA AdhIna jhAlA, artha, anarthAcA rahADA kelA, AtmasvarUpAce bhAna harapalA, 'Natthi kAlassa NAgamo' visaralA. pauSTika mAlamasAle khAUna dhaSTapuSTa banalA iMdriyAMcyA tAlAvara vATela tasA nAcalA, prabhu-bhajanAta kadhI nAhI ramalA, 'Natthi kAlassa NAgamo' visaralA. AtA mAtra 7) daiva phirale, hAtAtale Alele nisaTUna gele, devAne dile daivAne nele mhaNUna zoka kele, jyAMcyAsAThI dhaDapaDa kelI tyAMnI mAtra toMDa phiravile, tevhA AThavale 'Natthi kAlassa NAgamo'. AdhivyAdhIMnI ThANa mAMDale, dhaSTapuSTa iMdriyAMce bala ghaTale, asahAyya sthitIta svakIya dUra jhAle, tevhA AThavale 'Natthi kAlassa NAgamo'. 72

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'bhagavaMtAMnI kAnamaMtra dilA 9) mohamAyecyA pasAr2yAta ramU nakosa iMdriyasukhAta haravU nakosa, anamola jIvanAce mAtere karUna, suvarNasaMdhI davaDU nakosa. 10) AsaktIcI zrRMkhalA bhagna kara, nirAsaktIcI kAsa dhara, jinabhagavaMtAMnI dAkhavilelyA, mArgAcI vATa dhara. aMtarIcI ughaDalI dvAre, tALyAvara Ale mana, je hote kAvarebAvare / 73

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(5) malA umagalele bhASAjAta - AzA kAMkariyA (patthAvaNA) aMgANaM sAro AyAro / tassa do suyakkhaMdhA / AyArassa addhamAgahI bhAsA mahurA evaM paramaaThThajuttA / bIe suyakkhaMdhe samaNAyAro pahANo / assiM suyakkhaMdhe piMDesaNAi solasa ajjhayaNA saMti / imaMmi ajjhayaNammi piMDesaNA, iriyA, sejjA taheva bhAsAsaMbaMdhiNo viyArA viseseNa hvNti| samaNAyAro pahANo hoUNa vi sAvayANaM kae paidiNaM abhikkhaNaM abhikkhaNaM vavahArammi uvajuttA bhAsAsaMbaMdhiNo niddesA mayA viseseNa uvlkkhiyaa| 74

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bhASecyA mAdhyamAtUnaca vyakta karatA yetAta aMta:karaNAtIla bhAva, yA viSayIceca mArgadarzana, 'bhASAjAta' tyAce nAva... marmAghAtI, kaThora, karkaza, sAvadyAnumodI, kaSAyayukta kitItarI bhASececa prakAra dainaMdina jIvanAtahI bolaNyAce prasaMga yetAta vAraMvAra paNa prayatnapUrvaka azA bhASecA, karAyalAca havA tyAga teca tara sAMgate bhASAjAta / / 1 / / zabda he zastra Ahe, japUnaca vApara karAyalA havA dhanuSyAtUna suTalelyA bANApramANe te mAge ghetA yeta nAhIta punhA bharUnahI yetAta talavArIce ghAva durvacanAce kATe mAtra karatAta saraLa manAvaraca ghAva madhura, parimita, parahitakArI asAvI azI vANI vivekayukta vANIcI bhASelA joDa havI / / 2 / / "jaM uppalassa patteNa chijjae kiM satthamaggeNa mahurammi bhANiyavve kiM te kaDueNa bhaNieNa' zArIrika vyaMga, jAtivAcaka, prANivAcaka ekerI saMbodhanAne nako bolAvaNyAcI pravRtti AMdhaLyAlAhI sUradAsa mhaNaNe hI tara ApalI saMskRti / / 3 / / prabhAvI vaktavyAsAThI zuddha bhASA yAyalAca havI liMga, vacana, vibhakti vyAkaraNAsaha zikAyalAca havI 75

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eka-bahu-aneka-vacanAvarUna saMskRtahI yAyalA have pravacana prabhAvanene hoIla samyak darzanAcIca ArAdhanA yApekSA dusare kAya have // 4 // naisargika ghaTanAMce daivatIkaraNa mhaNajeca lokamUDhatA 'he zubha', 'he azubha', havI kazAlA mAnyatA ? jinezvarAMcA Adarza samora ThevUnaca kele Ahe bhASeviSayIce mArgadarzana niravadya vANIviSayIce teca malA umagalele bhAsAjAyajjhayaNa / / 5 / / zuddha saMskArita, madhuravANI, prayatnapUrvaka bolata rAhilyAne saMskAraca hotAta ase priya ANi hitakAraka aseca zabda bAhera paDatAta jase azA prakAracyA bhASAzuddhIce saMskAra hRdayAta dRDha hovota goDa bolaNyAcA saMdeza gheUna yeNArI saMkrAMta ANakhIca goDa hovo || 6 || 76

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sUtrakRtAMga - vividha AyAma (zrutaskandha 1 ANi 2) sUtrakRtAMga - prathama zrutaskandha - pR. 79-142 sUtrakRtAMga - dvitIya zrutaskandha - pR. 145-232

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sUtrakRtAMga - vividha AyAma (zrutaskandha 1) anukramaNikA kra. zIrSaka pRSTha kra. 1) sUtrakRtAMga prastAvanA 2) sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI viSayavastu 81 3) sUtrakRtAMga (1) : vidyArthiyoM ke vicAra-unmeSa (prastAvanA aura nibandhasUci) 1) andhaviSayaka dRSTAnta kumudinI bhaMDArI 88 2) sUraM maNNai appANaM sumatilAla bhaMDArI 91 3) vAdavivAdasaMgama zakuMtalA coraDiyA 94 4) AdAnIya (kAvya) AzA kAMkariyA 98 jalasambandhI vicAra manISA kulakarNI 101 Adarza adhyApaka bAlacanda mAlu 103 naraka : vAstava yA saMkalpanA saMgItA munota 105 kyA bhagavan Apa bhI ! jyotsnA muthA 107 sUtrakRtAMga kA dArzanika vizleSaNa haMsA nahAra 110 (zrImad rAjacandra ke anusAra) 10) upasargaparijJA meM strIsaMgaviSayaka dRSTikoNa arjuna nirvANa 115 11) pAnI kI eka bUMda (kAvya) caMdA samadaDiyA 117 12) sUtrakRtAMgAtIla tIna zabdAMce mULa artha (kAvya) caMdA samadaDiyA 120 13) vIratthuI ke antaraMga meM DaoN. nalinI jozI 124 14) samavasaraNa : eka parizIlana DaoN. nalinI jozI 128 15) sUtrakRtAMga meM zruta-dharma DaoN. nalinI jozI 134 16) gurukulavAsa eka Adarza zikSA-praNAlI DaoN. nalinI jozI 138 78

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.9. sUtrakRtAMga prastAvanA AcArAMga ke bAre meM pahale hI hama kaha cuke haiM ki dRSTivAda ke aMtargata honevAle caudaha pUrvoM ke AdhArapara bha. mahAvIra ne upadeza diye the / gyAraha gaNadharoM ne una upadezoM ke AdhAra se AcArAMga Adi gyAraha aMgoM kI racanA kI / dvAdazAMgI meM sUtrakRtAMga (sUyagaDa) kA sthAna dUsarA hai / isa Agama meM jaina zAstrasammata mata tathA anya tattvavettAoM ke mata die hue haiM / sAtha meM hI sAdhusAdhviyoM ke samucita AcAra bhI die haiM / jainavidyA ke prAyaH sabhI paurvAtya- pAzcAtya abhyAsakoM ne sUtrakRtAMga ke pahale zrutaskaMdha ko ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA 'prAcIna namUnA' kahA hai / sUtrakRtAMga para bhadrabAhu kI niyukti tathA jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI cUrNi upalabdha hai / zIlAMkAcArya ne isa para vivaraNa yAne TIkA likhI hai / zUbriMga ne sUtrakRtAMga ke katipaya cune hue adhyayanoM kA jarmana anuvAda kiyA hai / harmana yAkobI ne bhI isakA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai / sUtrakRtAMga ke paryAyavAcI nAma niryuktikAra bhadrabAhusvAmI ne 'sUtrakRtAMga' ke tIna nAma batAe~ haiM / 1) sUtagaDa - sUtakRta yaha graMtha maulika dRSTi se bha. mahAvIra se 'sUta' (utpanna) hai tathA yaha graMtharUpa meM gaNadhara ke dvArA 'kRta' hai, isalie isakA nAma 'sUtakRta' hai / 2) suttakaDa sUtrakRta isameM sUtra ke anusAra tattvabodha kiyA jAtA hai, isalie isakA nAma 'sUtrakRta' hai / - - 79

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3) sUyagaDa sUcAkRta isameM svasamaya aura parasamaya kI sUcanA 'kRta' hai isalie isakA nAma 'sUcAkRta' hai / vastutaH 'sUta', 'sutta' aura 'sUrya' ye tInoM sUtra ke hI prAkRta rUpa hai / sUtrakRtAMga aura bauddhoM ke suttanipAta meM nAmasAmya hai / bha. mahAvIra ke samaya jina jina vicAravaMtoM ne vizva ke svarUpa ko jAnane kA prayatna kiyA thA, unake matoM kA nirdeza yahA~ kiyA I hai / yahA~ unako sAMkhya, vedAnta, cArvAka Adi nAmoM se nirdiSTa nahIM kiyA hai kyoMki yaha saba nAma unheM bha. mahAvIra ke pazcAt hI mile / ina saba matoM ko 'dArzanika' kahA hai / - sUtrakRtAMga kI bAhya racanA prastuta Agama ke do zrutaskaMdha haiM / prathama zrutaskaMdha ke solaha aura dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke sAta adhyayana haiM / prathama zrutaskaMdha kI racanA sudharmAsvAmI kI hai / ataH isakA kAlamAna isavIpUrva pA~cavI zatAbdI honA cAhie / dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke racanAkAra ke viSaya meM koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / isakI racanA IsApUrva dUsarI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa honI cAhie / prathama zrutaskaMdha meM kula solaha adhyayana haiM / eka se pA~ca adhyayanoM ke anukrama se cAra, tIna, cAra, do aura do uddezaka haiM / Age ke chaha se solaha taka ke adhyayanoM ke uddezaka nahIM haiM / sabhI adhyayanoM kI racanA padya meM haiM / dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM kula sAta adhyayana haiM / sabhI adhyayana gadya meM haiM / 80

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.2. sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha kI viSayavastu adhyayana uddezaka gAthA viSaya 1) 4 samaya (samaya) 3 2) veyAliya (vaitAlIya) 88 svasamaya - parasamaya kA niruupnn| arthAt jaina tathA jainetara siddhAMtoM kA pratipAdana / 76 sambodhi kA upadeza / vaitAlIya chandavizeSa meM racita gaathaaeN| 82 upasarga sahana karane kA upadeza / 4 2 3) uvasaggapariNNA (upasargaparijJA) 4) itthipariNNA (strIparijJA) 5) narayavibhatti _ (narakavibhakti) 6) vIratthuI 2 53 strIdoSa kA varjana / brahmacarya sAdhanA kA upadeza / 52 narakavarNana, narakagati ke kAraNa tathA nirasana ke upAya / 26 pradhAnatA se bha. mahAvIra kI stuti tathA pratIka (vIrastuti) rUpa se sabhI zalAkApuruSoM kI stuti / 30 vividha prakAra ke zIlabhraSTa muni tathA gRhasthoM kA varNana / 7) kusIlaparibhAsita - (kuzIlaparibhASita)

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- 27 bAla kA sakarmavIrya aura paNDita kA akarmavIrya inakA prtipaadn| 36 Rju aura satya dharma kA kathana / - 8) vIriya (vIrya) 9) dhamma (dharma) 10) samAhI (samAdhi) - 11) magga (mArga) - 12) samosaraNa (samavasaraNa) 24 samAdhi kA artha hai samAdhAna, tuSTi, avirodha / dravya, kSetra, kAla tathA bhAva kI dRSTi se prasannatA tathA samAdhAna kA varNana / 38 zreSTha mArga kI gaveSaNA tathA ahiMsA evaM samatA kA zreSThatva / eSaNA viSayaka pApapuNya vicAra evaM sudhyAna / 22 kriyA-akriyA Adi cAra vAda tathA kucha avAMtara mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA tathA yathArtha nishcy| 23 sAdhu ke lie yathArtha dharma tathA asAdhu ke lie ayathArtha dharma kA pratipAdana / 27 gathaM vihAya'pada se AraMbha tathA brahmacarya yAne gurukulavAsa kA samagra varNana / - 13) AhattahIya (yAthAtathya) 14) gaMtha (grantha)

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15) jamaIya (yamakIya) - 25 prathama gAthA kA aMtima caraNa tathA dvitIya gAthA kA prathama caraNa, inameM yamaka alaMkAra kI yojanA tathA AdAnIya cAritra kA prtipaadn| gAthA yA gAthASoDazaka nAma se prasiddha / tathApi chaha paricchedoM meM mAhaNa, samaNa, bhikkhu tathA niggaMtha zabdoM kI paribhASA / 16) gAhA (gAthA)

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.3. sUtrakRtAMga (1) : vidyArthiyoM ke vicAra unmeSa prastAvanA ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA zaikSaNika stara para adhyayana yaha sanmatitIrtha saMsthA kI vizeSatA hai / jaina tattvajJAna evaM prAkRta ke adhyayana se jinakI bauddhika kSamatA tarAzI gayI hai aise lagabhaga 70 jijJAsu vyakti sanmati ke isa pAThyakrama kA lAbha uThAte haiM / pUre sAla bhara sUtrAnusArI evaM zabdAnusArI adhyayana karake kakSA meM kaI sambandhita viSayoMpara samIkSA evaM carcA bhI hotI rahatI hai / vArSika parIkSA meM usa carcA meM se koI eka viSaya cunakara hara eka vidyArthI ko eka eka zodhaparaka laghunibandha likhane ke lie protsAhita kiyA jAtA hai / I I Arambha meM nibandhalekhakoM ke nAma evaM unake viSaya diye haiM / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki strI-parijJA evaM grantha ina do adhyayanoM para AdhArita nibandhoM kI saMkhyA jyAdA hai / 'dharma' aura 'AdAnIya' ye adhyayana bhI kAphI vidyArthIpriya haiN| narakavibhakti adhyayanapara AdhArita parasparavirodha darzAnevAle do nibandha likhe gye| eka vidyArthinI ne ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM adhyayana kA sAra dene kA prayAsa kiyaa| tIna - cAra vidyArthiyoM ne kavitA ke mAdhyama se apane cintana kA anUThA prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai / eka vidyArthinIne svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko hI patradvArA Amantrita kiyA hai / cayana kiye hue nibandhoM meM se khAsa ullekhanIya nibandha hama yahA~ sampAdakIya saMskAra ke sAtha prastuta kara rahe haiN| hama cAhate haiM ki hara eka jainI ise paDheM aura isa para gaura kareM !!! 84

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sUtrakRtAMgapara AdhArita laghunibandhoM kI viSayasUci 1) strIparijJA : eka samIkSA bAgamAra caMdrakalA 2) sUtrakRtAMga meM karmasiddhAnta kA svarUpa bAgamAra latA 3) jalazuddhI ANi dharma bAgamAra smitA 4) sUtrakRtAMgAtIla aMdhaviSayaka dRSTAMta bhaMDArI kumudinI 5) sUraM maNNai appANaM-eka anokhI gAthA bhaMDArI sumatilAla 6) sUtrakRtAMgAtIla SaTjIvanikAyarakSA bhaMDArI saralA 7) sUtrakRtAMga meM AyuSya aura bodhi kA durlabhatva bhaMDArI suvitA 8) 'dharma' adhyayanAtIla paMcamahAvrate bhaTevarA ujjvalA di. 9) AdAnIya : eka samIkSA bhaTevarA vimala sU. 10) 'mArga' adhyayanAtIla mArgadarza bhaTevarA vimala vi. 11) naraka : vAstava kI saMkalpanA borA puSpA 12) 'dharma' adhyayanAce aMtaraMga botharA kamala 13) strIparijJA : eka nUtana samIkSA chAjeDa bhagavAnadAsa 14) samavasaraNa chAjeDa mRNAlinI 15) samavasaraNa : khar2yA arthAne svasamaya-parasamaya chAjeDa rekhA 16) AdhunikatA kA artha : apanI pahacAna DaoN. maMju copaDA 17) vAdavivAdasaMgama : eka samIkSA coraDiyA zakuMtalA 18) 'graMtha' adhyayanAtIla Adarza zikSaka DAgaliyA latA 19) kuzIla paribhASA - gAthAsamIkSA desaDalA sAdhanA 20) strIparijJA ANi sadya:sthitI dhokA anItA

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21) strIparijJA : eka samIkSA dhumAvata premA 22) AdAnIya adhyayana : prAkRta sArAMza kAMkariyA AzA 23) sUtrakRtAMgAcI paryAyavAcI nAve kAMkariyA nirmalA 24) sUtrakRtAMgAtIla subhASite karnAvaTa kamala 25) sUtrakRtAMgAtIla SaTjIvanikAyarakSA kaTAriyA saMgItA 26) sUtrakRtAMga : darzanapradhAna yA AcArapradhAna khaNase pAramitA 27) udageNa je siddhiM udAharaMti : taulanika samIkSA kulakarNI manISA 28) 'vIrya' adhyayana se honevAlA sAmAnya bodha lalavANI pratibhA 29) 'vaitAlIya' adhyayanAtIla munIMcI sahiSNutA loDhA madana 30) sUtrakRtAMga kA sAra loDhA zobhA 31) sUtrakRtAMga kI SaDdravya-navatattva dRSTi se samIkSA luMkaDa kamala 32) 'graMtha' adhyayana meM Adarza adhyApaka mAlu bAlacaMda 33) naraka : eka vAstava athavA saMkalpanA munota saMgItA 34) sUraM maNNai appANaM : gAthAsamIkSA munota savitA 34) Ideal Teacher according to 'Grantha' muthA anItA 36) strIparijJA : eka pratikriyA-kyA bhagavan Apa bhI ! muthA jyotsnA 37) kuzIla adhyayanAtIla pArzvastha muthA kalpanA 38) sUtrakRtAMga kA dArzanika vizleSaNa - zrImad rAjacaMdra ke anusAra nahAra haMsA 39) 'dharma' adhyayanAtIla paMcamahAvrate - __gItA, dhammapada va pAtaJjalayogAcyA tulaneta nahATA saMgItA

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40) 'graMtha' adhyayanAtIla gurumahimA 41) upasargaparijJA meM pArzvasthoM kA strIsaMgaviSayaka dRSTikoNa 42) 'graMtha' adhyayanAtIla Adarza zikSaka 43) sUtrakRtAMgAcyA nimittAne bhagavAna mahAvIrAMnA patrarUpAne AmaMtraNa osavAla lalitA 44) 'AdAna' adhyayana ke pA~ca saMkSipta subhASita pArakha surekhA 45) 'vaitAlIya' adhyayana meM varNita muni kI sahiSNutA pArakha vijaya 46) udageNa je siddhiM udAharaMtiH kAvyadvArA sAdarIkaraNa samadaDiyA caMdA 47) 'graMtha' adhyayanAtIla vibhajyavAda saMcetI lInA 48) 'vIrya' adhyayana : eka samIkSA zahA jayabAlA 49) sUtrakRtAMga meM prayukta upamAe~ zeThiyA rAjazrI ziMgavI puSpA 50) kA~ToM meM gulAba 51) upasargaparijJA ziMgavI raMjanA 52) saMbujjhaha ! kiM na bujjhaha ? ziMgavI vinodinI 53) Adarza zikSaka kaise baneM ? zrIzrImALa brijabAlA 54) 'graMtha' adhyayana ANi Adarza zikSaka 55) 'AdAna' adhyayanAtIla pAca subhASite 87 navalAkhA AratI nirvANa arjuna osavAla chAyA surANA sImA bhansALI saMtoSa

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(1) sUtrakRtAMga meM andhaviSayaka dRSTAnta - kumudinI bhaMDArI 3) sUtrakRtAMga meM hameM cAra jagahoM para andha ke dRSTAnta dikhAyI dete haiM / jaise andhavyakti dUsare andha ko mArga meM le jAtA huA unmArga meM pahu~ca jAtA hai vaise ajJAnavAdI asaMyama kA aMgIkAra karake mokSamArga se bhaTaka jAte haiN| jaise koI andhavyakti chedavAlI naukA para ArUDha hokara, nadI pAra karanA cAhatA hai parantu bIca meM hI DUba jAtA hai vaise mithyAtvI anArya zramaNa saMsAra pAra karanA cAhatA hai parantu pAra nahIM karatA / andhe ke samAna hai jJAnacakSuhIna ajJAnI jIva ! tU, sarvajJa ke vacanoM para zraddhA rakha ! jaisA netrahIna vyakti hAtha meM dIpaka hote hue bhI, idhara-udhara kI cIjoM kA raMga-rUpa nahIM dekha pAtA vaise akriyAvAdI loga, karma ke pariNAma dekhate hue bhI, unheM dekhate nahIM / ___ina sabhI dRSTAntoM meM andhavyakti kI tulanA mithyAdRSTi, ajJAnI aura jJAnacakSuhIna logoM ke sAtha kI gayI hai / jJAnaprApti meM A~khoM kA sahabhAga jarUrI hai, isameM koI zaka nahIM hai| lekina kyA sabhI andha mithyAdRSTi yA ajJAnI hote haiM ? jaina dharmetihAsa meM andhavyakti ke dIkSita hone kA eka bhI udAharaNa nahIM pAyA jAtA / kisI bhI taraha kI indriya-vikalatA, vyakti ko dIkSA ke ayogya hI mAnI gayI hai / dIkSA ke bAda agara aisA kucha prasaMga AtA hai, to unheM 88

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dIkSA choDanI nahIM paDatI / lekina avyaMgavyakti hI dIkSA kA adhikArI hotA hai / isa sambandha meM yaha vicAra ubharakara AtA hai ki andhavyakti agara pUrI taraha vairAgya-sampanna ho, to usakA lihAja jainadharma ne kyoM nahIM kiyA hai ? andhavyakti ke vairAgya kA koI bhI mAyane nahIM hai ? vaise bhI sAdhu-sAdhvI saMgha meM hI rahate haiN| saMgha ke AcAra meM vaiyAvRtya kA prAvadhAna bhI hai / agara ekhAda vyakti andha ho to usakI saMgha meM sahajatA se sevA bhI kI jA sakatI hai / ina praznoM para jaba vicAramanthana zurU hotA hai to sAmane AtA hai, samAja kA prabhAva / Aja bhI aura sUtrakRtAMga ke samaya bhI andhalogoM ke prati samAja kA dRSTikoNa anudAra hI rahA hai / unheM gauNa samajhate haiM aura samajhate the / kisI bhI dharma-sampradAya kI pUjanIya vyakti hameM andha yA apaMga nahIM dikhAyI detI / isakI kAraNamImAMsA hama isa prakAra kara sakate haiM - 1) apaMga vyakti sAmAnya gatividhiyA~ sucAru rUpa se nahIM kara sakatI / usakA ahiMsApAlana ThIka se nahIM ho pAtA / ahiMsA to dharma kA mUla hai| usapara AghAta ho sakatA hai / 2) sAdhusAdhvI AdarzabhUta haiM / kisI vikalAMga ko hama Adarza rUpa meM soca bhI nahIM sakate / 3) agara eka virAgI andha ko dIkSA dI to zAyada itara andhavyakti vairAgya na hote hue bhI kevala caritArtha ke lie dIkSA le sakate haiM / 4) andhavyakti ke bAre meM loga kaha sakate haiM ki, 'yaha to khuda andhA hai / yaha hameM kyA rAstA dikhAyegA ?' 89

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5) vihAra yA gocarI ke samaya bahuta se logoM kA vaha upahAsapAtra yA dayApAtra ho sakatA hai| jaba devatAprItyartha balividhAna kiyA jAtA hai taba bali kA pazu bhI sulakSaNI aura avyaMga hotA hai / sAdhu to AdarzabhUta hai / vaha sabhI dRSTi se avyaMga hone kI hI apekSA kI jAtI hai / jaina siddhAntoM kI agara bAta kareM to anekAntavAda samajhAne ke lie bhI hAthI aura sAta andhoM kA dRSTAnta kiyA jAtA hai / 20

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(2) sUraM maNNai appANaM -- eka anokhI gAthA - sumatilAla bhaMDArI 'nAmadeva mhaNe zreSTha graMtha jJAnezvarI, eka tarI ovI anubhavAvI', hA abhaMga aikalA va malA tazAca ekA zreSTha graMthAcI - sUtrakRtAMgAcI AThavaNa jhAlI. tyAtalI eka tarI gAthA svata: anubhavAvI ase prakarSAne vATU lAgale. vicAra karatA karatA, 'sUraM maNNai appANaM, jAva jeyaM na passati / ' hI gAthA DoLyAsamora AlI. mI tI guNaguNU lAgalo, an thoDyAca veLAta ekA vegaLyAca bhAvavizvAta pohocalo. vicAra karatA karatA, malA tyA gAtheta, arthAMcI aneka valaye disU lAgalI. saMtavacanAtIla tejAcA sAkSAtkAra hoU lAgalA va mAjhI samAdhI lAgalI. tyA avastheta mI pAhile kI, mI bhagavAna mahAvIrAMcyA dharmasabheta jAUna basalo Ahe. tethe aneka navadIkSita sAdhU basale Aheta. pravacana cAlU Ahe. viSaya arthAtaca 'sUraM maNNai appANaM' hAca hotA. mahAvIra sAMgata hote kI, 'joparyaMta aDacaNI yeta nAhIta, toparyaMta bhitrI mANase svata:lA zUra samajatAta. sarva jaga ApalyA muThIta Ahe, yA saMbhramAta vAvaratAta. itarAMnA tuccha lekhatAta. paNa tase nasate. mANasAcI kharI kasoTI lAgate tI aDacaNI samora ubhyA ThAkalyAvaraca. he zramaNAMno, tumhI dIkSA ghetalIta, sAdhu - jIvanAlA AraMbha kelAta, AtA tumhAlA aneka parISaha, aneka upasarga sahana karAve lAgatIla. aneka aDacaNIMnA toMDa dyAve lAgela. tyAcI tayArI ThevA. svata:lA AtAca AtmasaMyamI mAnUna gAphIla rAhU nakA. ' malA mAhIta hote kI mahAvIra, samorace zrote pAhUna, tyAMcyA tyAMcyA bauddhika kSamatenusAra pravacana detAta. tyAMcyA bhASeta bolatAta, manAta vicAra 91

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AlA, pAhU yA, itarAMnA kAya sAMgatAta te. mI maga mahAvIrAMcyA dusar2yA dharmasabheta pohocalo. tethe zAstre paThaNa kelelI vidvAna, paMDita maMDaLI upasthita hotI. pravacanAcA viSaya 'sUraM maNNai appANaM' hAca hotA. mahAvIra sAMgata hote, 'he vidvAna janaho, hI gAthA lakSapUrvaka aikA. tumhI zAstrAce jANakAra AhAta. tumhI sarvAMnI bharapUra adhyayana kele Ahe. paNa tumhI kelelyA yA adhyayanAne huraLUna jAU nakA. itarAMnA tuccha lekhU nakA. kAraNa tumhI kelele adhyayana mhaNaje samudrAtIla eka theMba Ahe. tumhAlA ajUna bareca adhyayana karAyace Ahe. aneka zaMkAMce nirasana karUna ghyAyace Ahe. he lakSAta asU dyA. ' mahAvIrAMcyA tisar2yA dharmasabheta, lohAra, kuMbhAra, ziMpI, zrImaMta zreSThI i. sAmAnya lokAMnA mahAvIra sAMgata hote kI, 'he sajjanAMno, tumace sagaLe AyuSya sukhAce va samAdhAnAce cAlale Ahe. kAhI loka tara sonyAcA camacA toMDAta gheUna janmAlA Ale Aheta. he tumacyA pUrvasaMcitAce phaLa Ahe. yAta tumacA puruSArtha to kasalA ? tevhA baDhAyA mArU nakA. dusar2yAlA kamI lekhU nakA ANi kasoTIce kSaNa Ale tara tyAlA toMDa dyA. ' hI pravacane aikalI va eka vegaLIca zaMkA manAta AlI. vAstavika pAhatA, svata:lA zUra samajaNe he AtmavizvAsAce pratIka Ahe. taseca to puruSArthAcA pAyAhI Ahe. ase asatAnA, bhitrI mANaseca phakta svata:lA zUra samajatAta, he kase ? ANi sarvAMnI kAya sadaiva svataHlA kamIca lekhata rahAve ? mahAvIra ase kase sAMgU zakatAta ? malA jJAnezvarItIla eka ovI AThavalI, rAjahaMsAce cAlaNe / bhUtaLI jAliyA zAhANeM / ANi kAya koNeM / cAlAveMci nA / / 18-1714 92

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samasta bhUtalAvara rAjahaMsAce cAlaNe DauladAra ANi suMdara Ahe. mhaNUna kAya itarAMnI cAlUca naye ? manAta hA vicAra AlA ANi asvastha jhAlo. tasAca taDaka mahAvIrAMcyA dharmasabheta jAUna basalo. sabhA saMpalyAvara mahAvIrAMnA manAtalI zaMkA vicAralI. mahAvIra hasale va mhaNAle, 'he bhadra, tujhyA manAtalI zaMkA rAsta Ahe. paNa mAjhyA gAthecA va mAjhyA mhaNaNyAcA to anvayArtha navhatA. malA sarvAMnA evaDheca sAMgAyace hote kI, suraLIta AyuSya jagaNArI Darapoka mANaseca svata:lA zUra samajatAta va zekhI miravitAta. paNa ekadA kA aDacaNI AlyA kI tI vicalita hotAta. ApalyA dhyeyApAsUna, kartavyApAsUna paLa kADhAyacA prayatna karatAta. tevhA tase karU nakA. yA gAthetalA 'sUraM' hA zabda 'ahaM' bhAvanece pratIka Ahe. tyAlA aMgikArU nakA. itarAMnA tuccha lekhU nakA. mohAvara vijaya miLaviNe he eka AvhAna asate. te svIkArA. aDacaNIMcA sAmanA karA. tyAta tumace zUratva Ahe. tyAta tumacA puruSArtha Ahe. dhyeyAcyA zikharAkaDe lakSa asU dyA. choTyA-moThyA yazAvara samAdhAna mAnU nakA ANi he sarva karatA karatA, paramAtmyAzI ekarUpa hoNyAcA prayatna karA. te tAdAtmyaca tumacyA pragatIlA pUraka Tharela.' __ mahAvIrAMce he bolaNe aikale va manAtalI khaLabaLa nAhIzI jhAlI. tyAMcyA zabdAzabdAMtUna vyakta hoNArI taLamaLa, lokAMcyA kalyANAcI kALajI pAhUna tyAMcyAviSayIcA Adara duNAvalA. zAMta va tRpta manAne mI gharAkaDe vaLalo.

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(3) vAdavivAda - saMgama : eka samIkSA - zakuMtalA coraDiyA svasamaya-parasamaya yA jIvanAcyA dona mukhya siddhAMtAMvara sUtrakRtAMgAcI racanA jhAlI. lokAMcI matI, nItI, pravRttI baghUna bhagavaMtAMnI tattvAMcI vikhuraNI kelI. vicArAMcyA jhar2yAta pravAhita hoUna ciMtanAcyA khaLakhaLATAne manAcI dAre ughaDalI. samavasaraNAcyA navyA arthAcI gavasaNI jhAlI ANi 363 pAkhaMDIMcI mate noMdavilI gelI. vAdavivAda sabhA raMgata gelI. vegavegaLyA vAdIMce vicAra aikaNyAcI saMdhI miLAlI. vAdavivAda saMgamAcyA sabhecI samAlocanA karUna yathArthAcI mAtra dRSTI miLAlI. ihaloka, paraloka koNI pAhile, prApta vartamAna sthitIta manasokta ramale, puNya-pApa, zubha-azubha, sadAcAra- durAcArAcyA vyAkhyAca visarale, paMcamahAbhUtAMnI veSTita azI cetanA gelyAvara, AtmArAma mAtItaca virale, azI bhrAMtI ThevaNAre bRhaspatImatAnuyAyI cArvAka ajJAnavAdIta gaNale gele. ekAca AtmyAne bhinna-bhinna rUpa dhAraNa kele, matI sudhAralI tyAne puNya kele, matI bighaDalI tyAne pApa kele, sukha-du:khAce mUlyamApana tumacyA kartRtvAvara gele, kevaLa AtmA heca aMtima satya mAnale ANi pudgalAMnA gauNa kele, AtmadvaitavAdI ekAtmavAdI Tharale. paMca mahAbhUtAMcA samudAya mhaNaje zarIra tyAta AtmyAce avataraNa jhAle, pratyeka zarIrAcA AtmA vegaLA, mhaNUna jJAna ajJAnAce gaTa jhAle, 94

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zarIrAbarobara AtmyAce vighaTana jhAle, nitya ase kAhIca nAhI urale, zarIra ANi AtmA vegavegaLe Ahe, he na samajalyAmuLe tajjIvataccharIravAdI banale. AtmyAce astitva svIkArale, paNa AtmyAce kartRtva-bhoktRtva nAkArale, ajJAnAcyA vATene nighAle an, asatyAcyA aMdhArAta phasale, kAya karAve, kAya karU naye, he na sucalyAmuLe sAre IzvarIsattevara soDale, karmabaMdhAcyA bhayAne kriyAMceca niSedha kele, te akAraka-akriyAvAdI Tharale. rUpa, vedanA, vijJAna, saMjJA, saMskArAlA kSaNamAtra sthira rahANAre skaMdha mAnale, pRthvI, pANI, teja, vAyu Adi dhAtUMnI, zarIrAta pariNata hoNAr2yAlA jIva samajale, duHkhAtUna mukta karaNAr2yA yatidharmAlA kadhI na jANale, janma-maraNAcyA cakrAta phirataca rAhile, AtmyAcI sattA nAhIca ase mAnaNAre, aphalavAdI, dhAtuvAdI, kSaNikavAdI Tharale. pAca mahAbhUtAMbarobara sahAvA AtmA ANi loka mAnale, IzvarI sattA nAhI, sukha-duHkha na svayaMkRta, na anyakRta, je ghaDale te sAre niyatIneca ghaDale, je asat te kadhIca utpanna na jhAle, je sat Ahe teca nitya rAhile,

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AtmA sahetuka-ahetuka donhI prakArAne nAza pAvata nAhI, ase sAMgaNAre nityavAdI, niyativAdI Tharale. karma pariNAmAcI cikitsA na karatA karmakAMDa anuSThAnAlA mahattva dile, karma baMdhanAcI tIna kAraNe, kRta-kArita anumodana mAnale, bhAvAcyA vizuddhIne karma tuTale, karmabaMdha nasalyAne mokSagAmI jhAle, jJAnAcA niSedha karUna kriyeneca svarga-mokSa mAnaNAre kriyAvAdI banale. samIkSA sAr2yA vAdIMce mata jANUna bhagavaMtAMnI sUkSma samIkSA kelI ANi saraLa, sopyA bhASeta dRSTAMta deUna gahana arthAcI zidorI dilI. 1) aMdhAcyA hAtAta divA dilA tara to aMdhArAzivAya kAya pahANAra ? taseca ajJAnAcyA aMdhArAne gheralelyAlA jJAnAcI vATa kazI disaNAra ? baMdhana ANi muktIce jJAna nasalelA mUrkha harINa jethe nako tethe aDakato ANi duHkhAlA AmaMtraNa deto. taseca dahA prakAracyA dharmAlA na jANaNArA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ANi kaSAyAcyA phAphaTa pasAr2yAta aDakUna duHkhAlA oDhUna gheto. AMdhaLyAcyA mAge AMdhaLA cAlata rAhilA tara icchita sthAnAvara kadhI pohocaNAra taseca adharmAcyA rastyAne jANArA mokSAlA kadhI gAThaNAra ? 4) piMjar2yAtalA pakSI piMjarAca soData nAhI tase ajJAnI ApalyA mithyAmAnyatecI ___ kAsaca soData nAhI ANi saMsArAtUna mukta hoNyAcA mArgahI pahAta nAhI. janmAMdha manuSya chidra paDalelyA nauketa basUna nadI para karaNyAcI icchA karato paraMtu madhyeca nauketa pANI bharalyAne Dubato taseca mithyAdRSTI anArya

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zramaNa mithyA kriyAkAMDAta aDakato. saMsArasAgarAtUna pAra hoNyAaivajI saMsArAtaca Dubato. bhagavaMta mhaNatAta - he sAdhakA ! pAca samitIMce pAlana kara. tIna guptIMce rakSaNa kara. sarva padArthAMcI AsaktI soDUna karIta asalelyA kriyAkAMDAcA vicAra kara. jJAna, darzana, cAritrAcA ArAdhaka hoUna grahaNa kelelyA saMyamAta samyakprakAre pravRttI kara ANi puruSArthAne karmabaMdhanAce pAza toDUna siddhazrIcI mALA dhAraNa kara. 97

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(4) AdAnIya adhyayana - AzA kAMkariyA trAyin , trikAlavid , tinnaM ANi tArayANaM, he tara ghAtI karmAMcA kSaya karaNAr2yA, arihaMtAMce vizeSaNa / / citta viplutIcyAhI palikaDale, ase Ahe jyAMce kevalajJAna, anubhUta siddha anupama tattvAMce, karatAta je AkhyAna / / satyAne saMpanna, yathArtha azA, jJAnAce hote prakaTIkaraNa, adhyAtma va AtmamayatA, heca tyAce khare kAraNa / / ithe tithe kuThehI bheTaNAra nAhIta ase mahAna udAharaNa, mhaNUna tara tyAMce, karAyalAca have anusaraNa / / sarva bhUtamAtrAMzI maitrIbhAvanA, hA tara RSIMcA dharma, yA jIvita bhAvanetaca, daDale Ahe satya (maitrI) dharmAce marma / /

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bhAvanA yogAneca samasta karmAMcA, aMta yeto sAdhatA, anukUla vAr2yAcyA saMyogAne nAvelAhI, sahajapaNe tIra yeto gAThatA / / pUrvasaMcita karmAMcA kSaya, ANi navIna karmAMce nAhI baMdhana, azA medhAvI lokAMnA, punhA nAhI janma ANi maraNa / / siddhasvarUpa astitvAlA, kadhIca dhokA nAhI saMbhavata, AjahI akhaMDapaNe vAhata Ahe, tyAMcI jJAnadhArA avirata / / ase draSTA lokaca hotAta, kAmavAsanece pAragAmI, sUkSma jALe olAMDUna jANAr2yA vAr2yApekSA, koNatI bare upamA dyAvI ! anAvila, chinnasrota damanazIla sAdhu, annAmadhye gRddha nasato, mhaNUna tara to mokSAzI, saMdhAna joDU zakato / /

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mana-vacana-kAyecA yoga, jyAlA sAdhatA yeto, toca jJAnArAdhanemuLe sarvAMcA, cakSuSmAna Tharato / / pratipUrNa dharmAcI prarUpaNA, va AcaraNAneca hotAta karmAMce akartA, azA vItarAgI mahApuruSAMnA, punhA kasalI ho janmakathA / / paMDitavIryAne yukta ase puruSa, 'mahAvIra'ca asatAta, pUrvasaMcita karmakSayAne, zuddha AtmasvarUpa prApta karatAta / / ekAhUna eka suMdara, upAdeya, vicArAMcI Ahe yAta guMphaNa, kAvyAlaMkArAne yukta yamakabaddha, ase he AdAnIya adhyayana / / 100

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(5) jalasambandhI vicAra (vaidika aura jaina saMdarbha meM) manISA kulakarNI vaidikoM ke vaiSNava aura zaiva ina panthoM meM yaha dRDha mAnyatA hai ki pAnI se bAhya parisara, zarIra evaM mana kI zuddhi hotI hai / gaNapati- -pUjana ke pahale pUjAsthala, pUjAsAdhana Adi kI zuddhi pAnI - prokSaNa ke dvArA karate haiM / usake lie yaha mantra prayukta hotA hai - apavitraH pavitro vA sarvAvasthAMgato'pi vA / yad smaret puMDarikAkSaM sabAhyAbhyaMtaraH zuciH / isake bAda varuNapUjA evaM kalazapUjA karate haiM / isameM vaidikAdi kahate haiM ki / / varuNAya namaH / / kalazAya namaH / / gaMge ca yamune caiva godAvari sarasvati / narmade siMdhu kAveri jale'smin sannidhiM kuru / / varuNapUjA lagabhaga sabhI dhArmika vidhiyoM meM karane kA vidhAna hai / vedoM ke anusAra varuNadevatA RtasambandhI evaM jalasambandhI devatA hai / varuNa ke AdhAra se saba jagat TikA hai / vaiSNava loga vihAra karate samaya hamezA kamaMDalu kA pAnI bhUmizuddhi karate haiM / vaiSNava loga sIdhA pAnI DAlate haiM to zaiva loga I samAMtara pAnI DAlate haiM / astu ! jainazAstra ke anusAra pAnI yaha jaDa paMcamahAbhUta nahIM hai / pAnI ke zarIravAle jIvoM ko ve apakAyika jIva kahate haiM / uparokta rUDhiyoM kA kaThora khaMDana jainagranthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / 'udageNa je siddhiM udAharaMti' - yaha gAthA 101

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sUtrakRtAMga (1) ke sAtaveM adhyayana kI caudahavIM gAthA hai / usameM kahA hai ki, 'pAnI chiDakane se agara siddhi yA labdhi prApta hotI to machaliyA~ Adi jalacara jIva pUrI umrabhara pAnI meM hone ke kAraNa kaba ke mokSagAmI hue hote / ' jaina kahate haiM ki rUDha mAnyatAoM ko choDakara tarkAdhiSThita raho / buddhi se saba kI jA~ca, viveka karoM aura siddhazilAtaka pahu~coM / vaidika, vaiSNava Adi saba Acamana, saMkalpa, snAna, trikAlasandhyA Adi meM pAnI kA upayoga kAphI mAtrA meM karate haiM / pUjA samApti meM ve kahate haiM kiakAlamRtyuharaNam sarvavyAdhivinAzanam viSNu/ziva pAdodakaM tIrthaM jaThare dhArayAmyaham / / nadIsnAna yA samudrasnAna kI bAta to dUra hI hai, jainiyoM ke sAdhuAcAra meM asnAnavrata ko hI sarvAdhika sthAna diyA hai / tAlAba, sarovara, nadI, samudra Adi se sambandhita sAmAjika utsavoM kA bhI jainiyoM meM pracalana nahIM hai / sUtrakRtAMga Agama meM snAnadvArA zuddhi kI mAnyatA ko karArA javAba diyA hai / zarIra zuddhi ke badale cittazuddhi kA mahattva khAsa taurapara batAyA hai / jala kA apavyaya karane ko prANAtipAta yAne hiMsA hI samajhA hai / 102

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(6) 'grantha' adhyayana meM Adarza adhyApaka bAlacanda mAlu 'sUtrakRtAMga' isa Agama ke prathama zrutaskandha ke solaha adhyayana haiM / usakA caudahavA~ adhyayana 'grantha' hai / prAcIna samaya meM navadIkSita sAdhu ko sabhI parigrahoM ko toDakara 'gurukula' meM rakhA jAtA thA / use AcAryadvArA sabhI zikSAe~ milatI thI / vaha svAvalambana se, saMyama se anuzAsana meM rahakara brahmacarya pAlana karatA thA / aisA ziSya 'granthI' kahalAtA hai / dharma aura AgamajJAna paripakva honetaka AcArya usakA duSpravRtti se saMrakSaNa karate the / guru ke sAnnidhya se ziSya kA AcaraNa ojasvI aura samyaktvI banatA thA / I pratibhAsampanna ziSya banavAne ke lie guru ko bhI anuzAsana pAlanA paDatA thA / 'grantha' adhyayana ke mArgadarzana se 'Adarza adhyApaka' banavAne ke lie nIce batAye hue kucha vizeSa guNoM kI jarUrata hotI hai / sabase pahale adhyApaka ko mUlata: prajJAvAna aura samajhadAra honA jarUrI hai| apane viSaya meM pravINa hone ke kAraNa hI vaha sUraja ke samAna cAroM ora se prakAzita karane jaisA jJAna de sakatA hai / adhyayana-adhyApana prakriyA sajIva hotI hai / isalie adhyApaka ko dveSabhAva TAlakara parasparoM meM premabhAva kA saMvardhana karanA hogA / kisI bhI choTI sI zaMkA kA pUrNatA se samAdhAna karane kI kalA yAne 1 I zikSaka kA zaikSaNika mAnasazAstra aura zikSaNazAstra uttama honA jarUrI hai / sabhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karate samaya kisI bhI artha kA anartha na kare yA honevAle ahaMkAra se hamezA dUra raheM / 103

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zaMkA-samAdhAna mRdubhAva se hogA to kisI kA bhI tiraskAra nahIM hogaa| akhaNDa jharane jaisA nirmala jJAna madhura vANI se mArgadarzana dene ke lie adhyApaka nirantara abhyAsa karanevAlAhI honA cAhie / pratyeka vastu 'aneka dharmI' hotI hai / isalie koI bhI artha spaSTa karate samaya 'syAdvAda' se pratyeka vidhAna kI satyatA sAmane lAe / satya hamezA kaDavA aura kaThora hotA hai / isalie samajhadArI se svayaM kI prazaMsA TAlakara, kaSAya na baDhAte satya vidhAna kareM / bolate samaya saMdigdha yA adhUrA na bole lekina vibhajjavAda se satya aura tathya spaSTa kareM / anekAntavAda se kisI bhI sUtra kI samIkSA kareM aura nindA TAleM / kisI bhI prazna kA uttara maryAdita ho, use anAvazyaka baDhAnA ThIka nahIM anyathA svayaM ke aura dUsaroM ke pApavikAroM kI ora dhyAna denA hogA / nayA saMzodhita jJAna nirantara prApta karake, cintana karane se samaya kA sadupayoga hogA aura dUsare kI maryAdA sambhAlI jAegI / vaktRtva kA samyak vyavasthApana karanevAlA kabhI bhI saMkucita vicAra prastuta nahIM karatA aura dUSita dRSTi nahIM rakhatA / isI kAraNa sUtra aura artha meM susaMgati lAnA jarUrI hai / adhyApaka ke vANI meM sAgara ke saMtha lahara jaisI saralatA aura pramANabaddhatA Avazyaka hai| sadya:sthiti meM agara koI adhyApaka isa adhyayana meM nihita tathyoMpara vicAra evaM amala karegA to vaha jarUra Adarza adhyApaka banegA / 104

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(7) naraka : eka vAstava athavA saMkalpanA ? - saMgItA munota jitanA gahana timira amAvasa meM hogA, utanI subaha ujAlI hogI, jitanI sandeha meM virAnI, utanI vizvAsa meM hariyAlI hogI / svarga-naraka hai satya, nahIM isameM sandeha kahIM, prabhuvANI to trikAla meM, satya satya satyahI hogI / vizva ke sabhI dharma jisa viSayapara ekamata haiM, vaha hai naraka kI satyatA / naraka viSaya saMkalpanAtmaka nahIM hai / jainadharma ne bhaugolika AdhAroM para batAyI huI yaha eka vAstavikatA hai / yaha satya hai ki vijJAna Ajataka naraka ko khoja nahIM pAyA hai / mAtra isake AdhAra para hama naraka ke astitva para praznacihna nahIM lagA sakateM / vijJAna kI apanI maryAdAe~ siddha hai / jaise mUlatattvoM kI saMkhyA dhIre-dhIre baDhatI huI vijJAna kI dRSTi se 111 ho gayI hai / jaina AgamAnusAra mUlatattvoM kI saMkhyA pahale hI 168 batAyI jA cukI hai / vaise hI zAyada naraka kI bhI khoja kI jaayegii| sUtrakRtAMga meM pAcaveM narakavibhakti' nAmaka adhyayana meM, naraka kA varNana dikhAyI detA hai / TIkAkAroM ne isI ke AdhAra se naraka zabda kI vyutpatti do prakAra se dI hai - 1) nIyante tasmin pApakarmANA iti narakAH / 2) na ramante tasmin iti narakAH / arthAt pApakarma karanevAle prANI jahA~ para vedanA, pIDA aura duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai, sukha nahIM pAtA, vaha sthAna naraka hai / 105

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sthAnAMgasUtra, tattvArthasUtra aura sUtrakRtAMga ke isa adhyayana meM sArAMzarUpeNa narakagamana ke mukhya cAra kAraNa yA hetu batalAe haiM / nArakI jIva tIna prakAra se yAtanAe~ bhogatA hai / isakA vistRta varNana jaina mUlagranthoM meM vistAra se pAyA jAtA sUtrakRtAMga meM naraka kA varNana kramazaH prApta nahIM hotA parantu bAkI jagaha sAta naraka kI bhUmiyA~, unake sthAna, nAma, racanA, lambAI-cauDAI, gati-sthiti Adi kA itanA vistRta varNana milatA hai ki sandeha ke lie koI sthAna hI nahIM hai / bauddha aura brAhmaNa paramparAe~ bhI isakA samarthana karatI hai / yaha bAta bAra-bAra pUchI jAtI hai ki naraka ke zArIrika duHkhoM kA varNana hI bAra-bAra kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki AtmA sukha-duHkha se pare hai, ajara-amara-avinAzI hai / AtmA ko koI mAra-kATa yA jalA nahIM sakatA / to phira jo bhI duHkha hai vaha zArIrika hI hogA / dUsarI eka bAta kahI jAtI hai ki isI pRthvItala para hama jo bhI narakasadRza roga, duHkha, pIDA, pradUSaNa, AtaMkavAda, yuddha Adi bhoga rahe haiM - yahI naraka hai / isake prativAda meM kahatI hU~ ki yaha to isa avasarpiNIkAla ke paMcama Are kA prabhAva hai / isa kAla meM pAye jAnevAle sukha-duHkha, sukhAbhAsa aura duHkhAbhAsa hai / isalie ve naraka ke duHkha nahIM ho sakate / manuSya apane sabhI kRta pApakarmoM ko yahA~ nahIM bhoga pAtA hai / isake lie hamAre pAsa zreNika rAjA, zrIkRSNa Adi kaI udAharaNa hai / isalie merA mAnanA hai ki bhagavAna kI vANI trikAla satya hai / naraka eka saMkalpanA na hokara satya hI satya hai, vAstavikatA hai / 106

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(8) strIparijJA : eka pratikriyA : kyA bhagavan Apa bhI ! - jyotsnA muthA sUtrakRtAMga meM vividha dArzanika aura dhArmika mAnyatAoM kA ullekha haiM / jaina darzana kI rUparekhA vyavasthita rUpa se bhale na batAI ho para parigraha ko sabase kaThora bandhana kahA hai / use jAnakara toDane ke lie - bujjhijjatti tiuTTijjA baMdhaNaM parijANiyA / kimAha baMdhaNaM vIro, kiM vA jANaM tiuTTaI / / isa gAthA se hI isa zrutaskaMdha kI zuruAta kI hai / upasarga, dharma, samAdhi, vaitAlIya, kuzIla, vIrya adhyayana meM isI bAta para jora diyA hai / para bIca meM hI 'strI parijJA' nAmaka adhyayana meM vizeSata: dUsare uddezaka meM strIvRttiyoM kA jo varNana kiyA hai use paDhakara ekAeka mu~ha se nikalA, 'kyA bhagavan Apa bhI !' kyA Apa vahI bhagavan ho jinhoMne strIdAsyatva dUra kiyA / apane saMgha meM sAdhu ke sAtha sAdhvI ko tathA zrAvakoM ke sAtha zrAvikAoM ko tIrtha ke rUpa meM sthAna diyA / caMdanA ko saMghapramukhA banAyA / Apa to trikAladarzI ho / Apa bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna acchI taraha se jAnate the / to Apako ye saba patA hai nA ? prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha bhagavAna ke samaya bAhubalI ko jagAnevAlI brAhmI suMdarI jaisI bahaneM thI / bharata cakravartI apane se dUra raheM isalie sATha hajAra AyaMbila karanevAlI suMdarI hI thI / 'aMkuseNa jahA nAgo' isa prakAra rathanemi ko sAdhutva se bhraSTa hote hue bacAnevAlI rAjImatI eka strI hI thI / apane zIlarakSaNa ke lie apanI jihvA khIMcakara maranevAlI caMdanA kI mA~ dhAriNI Apako patA thii| prakANDa paMDita A. haribhadra ko jJAna denevAlI yAkinI 107

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mahattarA eka strI hI thI / jahA~ taka ApakA svayaM kA anubhava hai jaba Apane dIkSA lI to mu~ha se Uph taka na nikAlA vaha yazodA kauna thI ? vaha to Apake sAdhanAmArga meM rukAvaTa banI aisA hamane kahIM bhI nahIM paDhA / bhagavan ! Apake samaya sAdhuoM se jAdA sAdhviyA~ aura zrAvakoM se jAdA zrAvikAe~ thI / Aja bhI koI alaga sthiti nahIM hai / vartamAna meM japa-tapa karane meM mahilAe~ hI Age hotI haiM / svAdhyAya maMDaLa nAriyoMse hI suzobhita haiM / itanA hI nahIM, jaina adhyayana aura adhyApana karane meM strIvarga hI Age hai aura unheM mArgadarzana karanevAlI eka prajJAvAna strI hI hai / ye to Apane apane jJAna se dekhA hI hogaa| phira hamapara itanA avizvAsa kyoM ? itanI zaMkAe~ kyoM ? T bhagavan isa samAja ko bhI Apa bhalIbhA~ti jAnate ho / jise koI zAstra kA jJAna bhI nahIM hai, para unheM kisIne zAstra kI bAta batAyI, to vaha samAja binA samIkSA kiye A~kheM mU~dakara usapara vizvAsa karatA hai / to Apane strIsaMga ko TAlane ko (parityAga) kahA, vaha samAja to strIjanma ko hI TAlane lagA aura strIbhrUNa hatyA taka usakI soca jA pahu~cI hai / kyA dInadayAlu bhagavan ko ye pasaMda hai ? maMjUra hai ? bhagavan mohanIya karma kA udaya to sabhI jIvoM kA hotA hai, to sirpha strI ko hI doSI kyoM ThaharAyA gayA ? Apane to mokSa avedI ko batAyA hai, to strIveda, puruSaveda kI bAta hI kahA~ ? anekAnta ke puraskartA bhagavan Apane aisI ekAnta kI bAta kaise kI ? strIsvabhAva kA itanA raMjaka varNana ! upasaMhAra : nahIM, nahIM aisA kadApi nahIM ho sakatA ! anantajJAnI, anantadarzI, karuNA ke avatAra, jinakI ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke sabhI jIvoM ke prati 108

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saMvedanazIlatA, maitrIbhAva, samadarzitA thI, ve aisI ekAnta mithyAbAta kaha hI nahIM sakate / jinakA puruSArtha para itanA vizvAsa ve hama para avizvAsa kaise dikhA sakate haiM ? yaha to kisI strIdveSI vyakti kA kAma hai, jisane yaha adhyayana isameM joDA hai ! ghaTa ghaTa ke antaryAmI ye bAta Apa hI acchI taraha se jAna sakate ho yA dekha sakate ho / hama to chamastha haiM, paraMtu Apa para aura Apane batAye mArgapara hameM pUrA vizvAsa hai / 109

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(9) sUtrakRtAMga kA dArzanika vizleSaNa : zrImad rAjacandra ke anusAra - sau. haMsA nahAra dvitIya aMga Agama, sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama adhyayana 'samaya' meM svasamaya yAne jaina siddhAnta tathA parasamaya yAne anya dharmoM ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana hai / una darzanoM kA nirUpaNa karanevAle kucha tattvazAstrajJoM ke nAma - 1) SaDdarzanasamuccaya - A. haribhadrasUrijI, 8 vI zatAbdI 2) anyayoga-vyavaccheda-dvAtriMzikA - A. hemacandrasUrijI 12 vI zatAbdI syAdvAda maMjarI-TIkA - A. malliSeNasUrijI, 12 vI zatAbdI (jo Age calakara jaina darzana kA eka suMdara grantha aura svatantra maulika racanA ke rUpa meM prasiddha huA / ) samyaktva SaTsthAna - upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI, 18 vI zatAbdI AtmasiddhizAstra (gAthA 43 se 100 taka) - zrImad rAjacandra 20 vI zatAbdI. sUtrakRtAMga ke samAna zrImadjI ne bhI kisI vAdoM kA nAmanirdeza kiye binA guru-ziSya ke zaMkA-samAdhAna rUpa se tarkayukta dvArA satya siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| 1) paMcamahAbhUtavAda (bRhaspatimatAnuyAyI cArvAka, jaDavAdI darzana, lokAyatika): pRthvI, ap, teja, vAyu tathA AkAza ina pA~ca mahAbhUtoM ke saMyoga se jIvAtmA kI utpatti aura vinAza se jIva kA nAza / 110

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2) tajjIva-taccharIravAda : zarIrAkAra meM pariNata mahAbhUtoM se AtmA kI utptti| zrImadjI kA mata : 1) mRta zarIra meM pA~coM mahAbhUta vidyamAna hone para bhI zarIrI mara gayA aisA vyavahAra kyoM ? yaha siddha karatA hai paMcamahAbhUtoM se bhinna AtmA kI sattA hai, jisa kAraNa zarIra ke vibhinna avayavarUpa yantra apanA alaga-alaga kArya karate haiM / 2) jaDa kisI bhI kAla meM cetana nahIM hotA aura cetana jaDa nahIM hotA / donoM sarvathA bhinna svabhAva ke padArtha haiM / paraspara guNoM kA saMkramaNa kara ke donoM kabhI samAna nahIM hote / AtmA koI bhI saMyoga se utpanna nahIM hotA / indriyoM ko apane-apane viSaya kA jJAna haiM parantu dUsarI indriyoM ke viSaya kA jJAna nahIM hai / pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya ko jAnanevAlA aura indriyoM I ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI smRti meM rakhanevAlA indriyoM se bhinna AtmA hai / 5) jagat meM jo vicitratA dikhAI detI hai, yaha zubhAzubha karma ke binA saMbhava nahIM / dUsarA zrImadjI ko 8 varSa kI umra meM jAtismaraNa jJAna huA / yaha donoM bAteM punarjanma siddha karatI hai / 3) 4) (3) cArvAk se viparIta AtmadvaitavAda (ekAtmavAda) naiyAyika : a) AtmA ke atirikta jaDa tattva koI nahIM hai / ba) jaise eka hI pRthvIpiNDa (samudra, parvata, nagara i. ) nAnA rUpoM meM dikhAI detA hai, usI prakAra eka hI AtmA nAnA rUpoM meM dikhAI detA hai / 111

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ka) 'vedAntI' brahma ke atirikta samasta padArthoM ko asatya mAnate haiM / zrImadjI 1) zarIravyApI hone se rAga-dveSa meM (parabhAva meM) karma kA kartA hone se nAnA gatiyoM meM gamana karatA hai / 1) ekAtmavAda AtmA sarvavyApI hone se gamana nahIM kara sakatA / 2) dhrauvyAtmaka 3) ekAnta kUTastha nitya (4) AtmaSaSThavAda 1 ) pA~ca mahAbhUta aura chaTThA AtmA hai / 2) AtmA - loka donoM nitya haiM / dhrauvya yukta 112 2) utpAda, vyaya, 3) pariNAmI nitya zrImadajI 1) pRthvI, ap, teja, vAyu cetanAyukta (AtmA) AkAza jaDa (ajIva) hai / 2) " AtmA dravye nitya che, paryAye palaTAya" (gAthA 68) 3) sabhI padArtha sarvathA nitya haiM / asat kI utpatti nahIM, sat kA nAza nahIM / (5) kSaNikavAda - bauddhoM kA mata (do rUpoM meM) a) aphalavAda (paJcaskandhavAda ) : kSaNamAtra sthita rahanevAle rUpa, vedanA, vijJAna, saMjJA aura saMskAra ye pA~ca hI skandha haiM, AtmA nAmaka pRthak padArtha nahIM / 3) ekAnta - nitya mAnane para kartRtva pariNAma nahIM aura karma kA sarvathA abhAva hogA /

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ba) caturdhAtuvAdI zrImadjI a) AtmA ko kSaNika yA AtmA hI nahIM mAnA to sukha-duHkha rUpa phala kA vedana kise hogA ? jAnA aura naSTa ho gayA to kahegA kauna ? kSaNikatA kA siddhAnta prakaTa karanevAlA kabhI kSaNika nahIM ho sakatA / jAgRtasvapna-nidrA vaise hI bAla - yuvA - vRddha isameM jo avasthA kA nAza huA usako jAnanevAlA va smRti meM rakhanevAlA AtmA hai / ba) kSaNika hai to mokSa kisakA ? ka) sirpha avasthA kA nAza hotA hai / yadi sat kA sarvathA nAza ho to saMsAra vyavasthA na rahe / (6) karmopacaya niSedhavAda (kriyAvAda) bauddhoM kA mata : mAnasika saMkalpa ko hI hiMsA kA kAraNa batAyA / rAga mAMsabhakSaNa kare to karmabandha nahIM / zrImadjI -dveSa rahita viSa-amRta svayaM nahIM jAnate ki hameM isa jIva ko phala denA hai, to bhI unheM grahaNa karanevAlA jIva viSa- amRta ke pariNAma kI taraha phala pAtA hai| (7) akArakavAda (akriyAvAda) sAMkhya mata : AtmA amUrta, akartA, nitya tathA niSkriya svarUpa hai / zrImadajI a) kartRtva-bhoktRtva nahIM to paraloka nahIM / ba) apariNAmI kUTastha nitya AtmA ho to bandha - mokSa kI vyavasthA nahIM / 113

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ka) guNa aura guNI hamezA sAtha hI hote haiM / pratyeka avasthA 'maiM hU~' aisA anubhava / (8) jagat-kartRtvavAda - IzvarakRta loka zrImadjI kartA Izvara koI nahIM, Izvara zuddha svabhAva / athavA preraka te gaNye, Izvara doSa prabhAva / / (77) upasaMhAra : AtmA ekAnta nitya yA ekAnta anitya nahIM, para pariNAmI nitya hai / isa prakAra zrImadjI ne niSpakSapAta buddhi se ekAntika mAnyatA kA samAdhAna kara syAvAda zailI se samanvaya sAdhA hai / unakA prayojana, khaNDana-maNDana na kara ke Atmahita ko mukhya rakha ke paramArtha samajhAne ke lie kiyA hai / 114

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(10) upasargaparijJA meM pArzvasthoM kA strIsaMgaviSayaka dRSTikoNa arjuna nirvANa upasargaparijJA meM strI ko upasarga ke rUpa meM dikhAyA gayA hai / isake caturtha uddezaka meM strI ko pariSaha - upasarga kahate hue isa pariSaha ko jItane meM asamartha sAdhuoM ko pArzvastha aura anyatIrthI kahA hai / aise sAdhu pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the / parantu unake AcaraNa meM zithilatA A gaI thI / isakA kAraNa thA AjIvaka evaM anyapanthIya sAdhuoM kA strIsaMgaviSayaka dRSTikoNa | inhI vicAroM ko darzAne ke lie yahA~ nimna udAharaNa die gae haiN| - hu phoDe ko dabAkara mavAda nikAla dene se turanta ArAma milatA hai vaise hI kAmasukha kI icchA karanevAlI strI se samAgama karane para hotA hai| 2) bheDa evaM piMga pakSiNI kA binA hilAe jala pinA bhI uparokta strI samAgama ke barAbara hai / 1) pake 3) pUtanA rAkSasI kA baccoM ke prati lolupa vyavahAra usI prakAra strIsaMga bhI doSarahita / ina udAharaNoM se yahI pratIta hotA hai ki ina sAdhuoM kA strIsaMga kA vicAra acchA nahIM hai / isake samarthana meM ve yaha kahate haiM ki hama kahA~ kAyama rUpa se strIparigraha kara rahe haiM ? jahA~ hama rAtrinivAsa karate haiM vahI para samAgama sukha kI icchA karanevAlI nArI se, hama yaha sukha prApta karate haiM / usameM lipta nahIM hote kyoM ki kAmavAsanA sampUrNata: prAkRtika hai / parantu yaha vicAra pUrNa rUpa se svIkArya nahIM hotA / yahA~ para strI ko hI kAmasukha kI yAcikA batAyA gayA hai| 115

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strI ko hI doSI ThaharAyA gayA hai / jabaki tAlI eka hAtha se nahIM bajatI / sAdhu isa yAcanA ko asvIkAra bhI kara sakatA hai / parantu use mAnyatA dekara vaha apane skhalanazIla hone kA pramANa hI detA hai / strI ko pariSaha mAnanA yaha Agama vicAra isalie sahIM nahIM lagatA / isako upasarga mAnane kA aura aise udAharaNa dene kA kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki sAdhu ko aise vicAroM se ghRNA nirmANa ho aura vaha inase dUra raheM / nizcaya hI aise udAharaNa nimnastaravAle aura ekAMgI dRSTikoNavAle bhii| yahI para niyuktikAra aura cUrNikAra strI ko puruSa ke samAna batAte haiM / varAhamihira yaha kahate haiM ki svabhAva se strI-puruSa samAna hai / unake guNa-durguNa eka jaise hI hai / parantu nArI jIvana aura kAryakSetra aisA hai ki durguNa sAmane Ate haiM aura guNa pIche raha jAte haiM / parantu nArI apanI burAIyoM para vijaya prApta karane kA hamezA prayatna karatI hai jabaki puruSa aisA karate nahIM dikhAI dete /

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(11) pAnI kI eka bU~da kaha rahI thI, pAnI kI eka bU~da mujhase eka dina / hAla e darda, kisa ko sunAU~, aba to bahanA tU hI suna / caturgati kI mArI maiM bhI, caturgati kI mArI tuma / bas avyakta cetanA hU~ maiM, aura vyakta cetanA ho tuma / Aja tumhAre hAtha meM bAjI, kala palaTa bhI sakatI / Aja kara lo, tuma manamAnI, maiM nahIM kara sakatI / koI banakara hitaciMtaka, kara rahe haiM janajAgaraNa / kahate haiM pAnI ko, eka ghaTaka paryAvaraNa / Dara hai inheM, kahIM dhokhe meM na A jAya unakA jIvana / isalie karate haiM, 'pAnI bacAo' AMdolana / -- koI kahatA hai mujhe jIvana, to koI kahatA hai nIra / hameM 'sthAvara jIva' kI upAdhi denevAle akele mahAvIra / koI kahatA hai, mujhe mahAbhUta, to koI kahatA hai HO vidvAnoM ke isa mele meM, merA satya svarUpa kahanevAlA koI to ho / koI kahatA hai, jalasparza se hotI hai Atmazuddhi | karatA hai snAna bAra bAra, mAnakara pAnI se mukti / hajAroM bAra, tIrthasnAna se bhI milatI nahIM siddhi / are nAdAnoM ! ye to bhrAnta dhAraNA hai, viparIta buddhi / 117 caMdA samadaDiyA

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saca batAU~ ? kisI kI Atmazuddhi maiM nahIM kara sakatI / varanA kyA prathama pAdAnapara, apane Apa ko na rakhatI ? aura to aura mukta ho jAte aba taka, mere sukhaduHkha ke sAthI / sAre ke sAre jalacara, aura unakI jAti prajAti / aura bilakula sIdhI sI bAta hai, kaise nahIM samajhAnI / agara maiM pApa dho sakatI hU~, to kyA puNya bhI nahIM dhotI ? udageNa je siddhimudAharaMti, yA huteNa je siddhimudAharaMti / patA nahIM unheM siddhi milatI hai yA nahIM / para hamArI to nAhaka hI jAna jAtI / yaha maiM kevala apane hI bAre meM nahIM kahatI / yahI hai mere svajanoM kI bhI ApabItI / homa, havana, anuSThAna ke lie kaTatI kitanI vanaspati / naSTa kI jAtI hai unakI, bIja, vRddhi aura utpatti / sthAvara ke sAtha sAtha, kitane trasa kI bhI bali caDhatI / 'anArya dharmA' aise logoM kI akAla meM hI mRtyu hotI / mujhe jIvana mAnakara, jo merA hI jIvana haratA hai / bhagavAn kyA daNDa de use, vaha to svayaM kartA, bhoktA hai / merI to samajha meM nahIM AtA, yaha kaisI tArkikatA hai / mukti hetu khuda snAna karatA hai, mukti prApta prabhu ko bhI snAna karavAtA hai / usa ahiMsA ke devatA ko bhI, phUloM se sajAyA jAtA hai / 118

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'ahiMsA paramo dharma kI jaya' julUsa meM nAre lagAtA hai / aura kevala jJAna se prakAzita, prabhu ke sAmane saikaDoM dIpa jalAtA hai / sahI kahA tumane, ahiMsA kA svarUpa koI viralA hI samajha pAtA hai / sunA hai Ajakala puNe meM bhI, ho rahI hai 'pAnI kaTautI' / calo isa bahAne, ve bhI bacAyeMge thoDIsI prAkRtika sampatti / jinhoMne samajha rakhI hai ise, apane bApa kI bapautI / isalie merI mAno, hama sabakA hai, sukha duHkha samAna saMvedana | binatI hai merI, mata karanA prANa - viyojana / aba to tuma natIjA bhI jAnatI ho, bAra bAra janma maraNa / kahate haiM mahAvIra, isakA to hai karmasiddhAnta hI kAraNa / maiMne kahA -- are ! yahI batAte haiM sUtrakRtAMga meM 'matimAna mAhaNa' / 119

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(12) sUtrakRtAMgAtIla tIna zabdAMce mULa artha __ - caMdA samadaDiyA (a) samavasaraNa jambUsvAmIMnI kele prazna kase hote mahAvIra bhagavAna kase tyAMce jJAna, darzana kase saMyama, tapa ANi dhyAna / / 1 / / kele sudharmA svAmIMnI varNana jyAMnI pAhile mahAvIra javaLUna pratyakSa guNAMce he mahAvIra stavana jhAlyA upamAhI ajarAmara / / 2 / / azA mahAvIrAMnA vaMdana karUna vIratthuIne maMgalAcaraNa gelo pahAvayA samavasaraNa ANi pahAto to kAya ? tethe tara vegaLeca dRzya / / 3 / / aho navhatyA sonyA cAMdIcyA bhiMtI navhate sonyAce parakoTa, navhate mahAprAtihArya vaibhava kiMvA sphaTikAce siMhAsana hote vidvAnAMce saMmelana eka surekha vAdasaMgama / / 4 / / 120

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mate hotI tInaze tresaSTha kele cArAMtaca vibhAjana kriyA, akriyA, vinaya, ajJAna karUna matamatAMce samAlocana / / 5 / / svamatAce kele nirUpaNa ase hote divya samavasaraNa Thevale sUtrakRtAMgAne japUna dhanya mahAvIra matimAna / / 6 / / (ba) brahmacarya-gurukulavAsa brahmacarya gurukulavAsAce saMbodhana brahmacaryAce artha hotI tIna cAritra, gurukulavAsa va virata maithuna kaLale sUtrakRtAMgAtUna / / 1 / / eka Adarza zikSaNavyavasthApana 'dIkSA', zikSA ase gurukulavAsa dona dIkSA gurukulavAsa AjIvana Adarza gurU ziSyAcI karato jaDaNa ghaDaNa / / 2 / / graMtha te nigraMtha mArgakramaNa Avazyaka brahmacaryapAlana jJAnaprApti gurukulavAsAce prayojana brahmacaryAzivAya azakya jJAnArAdhana / / 3 / / 121

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Adarza zikSaNapraNAlIcI hI bhAratIya ThevaNa kAlaughAta gele sAre badalUna zikSaNAce jhAle pAzcAtyIkaraNa zikSaNa phakta arthakAraNa ||4|| dIkSA gurukulavAsAta jevhA hote brahmacaryAce zithilIkaraNa aho ! kuzIla Tharale pArzvastha zramaNa mahAvIrAMnI munIsa kele satata sAvadhAna saMpUrNa graMthAta sAMgitale punhA punhA strIvarjana brahmacarya va jJAnagrahaNa yAtIla saMbaMdhAce vijJAna jANatI mahAvIra bhagavAna / / 5 / / (ka) sAmAyika trasa sthAvara jIvanikAya rAhile vizva vyApUna sukhaduHkha samAna cetana sarva Atmavat mAnUna karato SaTjIvAMce yatana ANi samatece pAlana ||1|| sarvAMnA deto abhayadAna rAhato nirbhaya hoUna 122

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upasargAdi karato sahana hote kaSAyAMce upazamana / / 2 / / gheto acitta jalapAna ANi samabhAvAne bhojana nAhI gRhastha pAtragrahaNa nase AsaktI pralobhana / / 3 / / sAvadyayoga paccakkhANa kRta kArita anumodana ase sAmAyika yAvat jIvana jo karito paripAlana tyAce uttama sAmAyika jANa tyAce nizcita devaloka gamana / / 4 / / doghAMnAhI dile mokSasAdhana aso to zrAvaka vA zramaNa samyak sAmAyikAce udAharaNa Ahe itihAsa pramANa / / 5 / / kele pratyakSa mahAvIrAMnI varNana jhAle puNiyAce dhanya jIvana ANi dhanya mahAvIra darzana / / 6 / / 123

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(13) 'vIratthuI' ke antaraMga meM sUtrakRtAMga - lekhamAlA ( lekhAMka 1 ) : jaina jAgRti mAsikapatrikA vyAkhyAna : DaoN. nalinI jozI zabdAMkana : sau. caMdA samadaDiyA jaina darzana meM pratyakSa mahAvIra vANI 'dvAdazAMgI' meM sUtrakRtAMga dUsare sthAnapara hai / do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhAjita isa aMga - Agama kA prathama zrutaskandha I prAcIna ardhamAgadhI kA durlabha namunA mAnA jAtA hai / mahAvIra ke samakAlIna vividha dArzanika matoM kA arthAt sva-para-siddhAntoM kA ullekha evaM vivecana sUtrakRtAMga meM kiyA gayA hai / isalie aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI yaha aMga-Agama bahuta mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai / sUtrakRtAMga kA chaThA adhyayana 'vIrastuti' hai / bhaktAmara stotra, kalyANa mandira-stotra kI taraha yaha stuti kAvya bhI Adya zabda se arthAt 'pucchisu NaM' nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / hara sAhitya - vidhA kI taraha stuti, stotra isa vidhA kA janmasthAna bhI Agama meM, AcArya sudharmA dvArA sarvaprathama viracita 'vIratthuI' meM milatA hai / 'vIra' zabda yahA~ pradhAnatayA bhagavAna mahAvIra vAcaka hai / jaba brAhmaNa yA vaidika paramparA meM mahAhiMsAtmaka yajJAdi kA pracura mAtrA meM pravacana thA, brAhmaNa varNa kI manamAnI, dharma ke nAmapara logoM ko sare Ama lUTanA, ina saba bAtoM se mAnava-samAja pIDita thA / aisI paristhiti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sabhI prANImAtroM ko zAnti evaM sukUna denevAle ahiMsA evaM anekAnta dharma kI prarUpaNA kI / sadaiva satya - prajJA se samIkSA karake jo dharma kahA, jo vaicArika krAnti kI, usakI gaharI chApa jana-mAnasa para paDI / ina vicAroM ne zramaNa, 124

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mAhaNa, anyatIrthI Adi sabhI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ora AkRSTa kiyA / anAyAsa aisA kalyANakArI satyadharma samajhAnevAle isa mahAmAnava ko jAnane kI icchA ina sabako huI / jambUsvAmI mahAvIra ke dvitIya paTTadhara the / jinhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ko dekhA yA sunA nahIM thA / unheM bhI aise yugapuruSa ko jAnane kI jijJAsA thI hI, to unhoMne ina sabhI jijJAsuoM kI ora se apane guru AcArya sudharmA se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAre meM pUchA / AcArya sudharmA hI eka aise adhikArI vyakti the ki jo mahAvIra ko yathAtathya jAnate the / AcArya sudharmA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pA~caveM gaNadhara evaM ziSya ki jinhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hokara lagAtAra tIsa varSataka unake pAdamUloM meM baiThakara vividha anubhavoM ko saMjoyA, jJAnakaNoM kA arjana kiyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI adhyAtma sAdhanA ko najadIkI se dekhA thA / kevalajJAnI prabhu mahAvIra kI hara sA~sa se vAkipha the AcArya sudharmA / isalie sampUrNa mahAvIra-vyakti- darzana kevala sudharmA hI yathAzruta aura yathAtathya karA sakate the / yaha saba dhyAna meM lekara prakhara prajJA ke dhanI jambUsvAmI AcArya sudharmA se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Atmika, Antarika guNa - jJAna, darzana, zIla Adi ke bAre meM pUchate haiM / mahAvIra ke zarIrAMgopAMga, mAtA-pitA, nagarI yA pArivArika sambandhoM ke bAre meM nahIM / yahA~ vIra-stuti meM mahAvIra ko NAyasuya, NAyaputra, kAsava, vaddhamANa Adi kula evaM gotra nirdezaka nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA hai / 'mahAvIra' nAmollekha eka bAra bhI nahIM hai / sambhava hai 'mahAvIra' kA yaha nAmAbhidhAna uttaravartI AcAryoM ne kiyA ho / 125

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jJAna, darzana Adi ananta guNoM ko jagat ke hara uttamottama, sarvazreSTha vastu yA padArtha kI upamA se upamita karane kA prayAsa sudharmAjI ne kiyA hai / jisakI eka pradIrgha nAmAvalI yahA~ milatI hai / jo Aja bhI kaviyoM dvArA upamAoM ke lie prayukta hotI haiM / jaise apanI apanI jAtiyoM meM sarvazreSTha - airAvata hAthI, aravinda, gaMgAnadI, zAlmalI vRkSa, nandanavana, ikSurasa, abhayadAna, brahmacarya, tapa Adi / AcArya sudharmA kI kAvya pratibhA se kabhI eka eka guNa ke lie eka eka upamA dI gaI hai, jaise AndhI-tUphAna meM avicala, aneka devatAoM ko bhI pramudita karanevAle sumeru parvata kI upamA / jisase jaina darzana ke bhUgola evaM khagola kI bhI jAnakArI milatI hai / ina sArI upamAoM se upamita karanepara bhI ananta guNoM ke dhAraka, bhagavAna mahAvIra anupameya hI hai kyoM ki mahAvIra zabdAtIta hai / saha sAnnidhya se brAhmaNa aura zramaNa paramparA ekadUsare se kama jyAdA prabhAvita hotI rahI hai / isakA udAharaNa yahA~ milatA hai / tatkAlIna vaidika samAja meM indra devatA jyAdA pUjI jAtI thI / indra mahotsava Adi tyauhAra bhI manAye jAte the / zAyada isI ke prabhAva se vIra-stuti meM indra devatA kA jikra aneka bAra huA hai / vaise hI tatkAlIna samAja meM pracalita yajJa sambandhita vairocana agni kA bhI jikra isameM huA haiN| _ 'vIrastuti' kI antima gAthA atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / kyoMki usameM aneka bAtoM kA nirdeza hai / AcArya sudharmAjI antima gAthA meM kahate haiM, "arihanta dvArA bhAkita, yukti saMgata, zabda aura artha se zuddha dharma ko sunakara zraddhA karanevAle ko zIghra hI mokSaprApti yA ucca vaimAnika devagati prApta hotI hai / " isameM soccA 126

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arthAt zrutvA zabda se jaina darzana kI zrutajJAna kI maukhika paramparA sUcita hotI hai, jo santa satiyoMdvArA Agama jJAnapara AdhArita pravacanoM ke jarie Aja bhI jIvita haiN| yaha stuti stotroM kI racanA kA pravAha 2600 varSa bAda Aja bhI pravAhita ho rahA hai / bhakti-mArga meM bhakti, yA ArAdhanA karane kA stuti-kAvya eka pramukha mAdhyama hai / bhaktimArga pUrA hAvI ho cukA hai / isalie aise stavanoM kI paThana, raTana hotA hai / jaba ki AvazyakatA hai usake, AgamoM ke cintana, manana kii| __ cAhe jo bhI ho, para itanA nizcita hai ki isa vIrastuti ke mAdhyama se AnevAlI pIDhiyA~ bhagavAna mahAvIra se jarUra paricita hoMgI / AcArya sudharmA kI yaha anamola dena hai| 127

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(14) samavasaraNa : eka parizIlana sUtrakRtAMga - lekhamAlA (lekhAMka 2) : jaina jAgRti mAsikapatrikA vyAkhyAna : DaoN. nalinI jozI zabdAMkana : sau. caMdA samadaDiyA Agama yuga kA pratinidhitva karanevAle 'sUtrakRtAMga' aMga Agama meM svapara siddhAntoM kA ullekha evaM vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se 'sUtrakRtAMga' kA aitihAsika mahattva hai / binA kisI kalaha yA vitaMDavAda ke sva-siddhAnta maMDana tathA anya siddhAntoM kA tarkayukta khaMDana isameM milatA hai / 'samavasaraNa' kI rUDha mAnyatA isa prakAra hai - tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza dene kA indrAdi devakRta ativaibhavapUrNa maMca, yA sthAna / yaha svarNa - rajata dhAtuoM se banA, maulyavAna maNiratnoM se suzobhita, sphaTika siMhAsanAdi aSTa mahAprAtihAryoM se yukta, bAraha pariSada jaise zrotRvarga se maNDita hotA hai / jahA~ sabhI zrotA ApasI vairabhAva bhUlakara tIrthaMkaroM kI amRtavANI kA rasapAna karate haiM / aisA adbhuta ramya najArA 'samavasaraNa' kahalAtA hai / 'sUtrakRtAMga' ke 'samavasaraNa' adhyayana meM 'samavasaraNa' zabda kA mahAvIrakAlIna pracalita mUla artha isa prakAra milatA hai / jahA~ vAdasaMgama hotA thA, yA vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna ke lie ikaTThA Aye hue logoM kI sabhA ko 'samavasaraNa' kahate the / aneka vibhinna dArzanika pravaktA ekatrita hokara apane apane dRSTiyoM kI tattvacarcA yA dharmacarcA jahA~ karate the vaha sthAna 'samavasaraNa ' kahalAtA thA / itihAsa ke panne kholakara agara hama dekhate haiM to bhagavatI - sUtra yA kalpasUtra meM varNita mahAvIra - jIvana caritra meM indrabhUti, agnibhUti Adi gyAraha 128

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vedavid brAhmaNa jo anya kitane hI zAstroM ke jAnakAra, evaM prakANDa paNDita the, ve 'samavasaraNa' meM apanI apanI dArzanika jijJAsAe~, AzaMkAe~ lekara mahAvIra ke pAsa gaye aura mahAvIra se una jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna pAyA, aisA varNana milatA hai / isa taraha 'samavasaraNa' kA 'dArzanika carcAsthAna' yahI artha jyAdA saMyuktika lagatA hai jo kAlaugha meM badala gayA hai / isa taraha mahAvIrakAlIna 'dArzanika carcA'oM ke lie surakSita evaM sudRDha samAjavyavasthA kA paricaya yahA~ milatA hai / isa 'samavasaraNa' adhyayana meM mahAvIra ke samakAlIna sabhI dArzanika matoM kA lekhAjokhA milatA hai, jo prAcIna bhAratIya dArzanika itihAsa ko prakAzita karatA hai / AtmA, vizvasvarUpa, jIvasRSTi, mokSakalpanA, AcaraNa paddhati, pUrvajanma, punarjanma Adi aneka muddoM para thoDI thoDI matabhinnatAvAle kitane hI 'vAda' taba pracalita the / 'sUtrakRtAMga' ke prathama 'samaya' adhyayana meM aise aneka vAdoM kA ullekha milatA hai / udA. - cArvAka, AjIvaka - niyativAda, bauddha - kSaNikavAda, zUnyavAda, akArakavAda, AtmaSaSThavAda, nityavAda, sAMkhya, zaiva Adi / 'sUtrakRtAMga' ke TIkAgrantha niryukti evaM cUrNi meM ina saba vAdoM ke puraskartAoM ke nAma bhI milate haiM, jo ina sabakA aitihAsikatA kA pramANa hai / 'samavasaraNa' adhyayana meM ina sAre vAdoM ko mukhya cAra hI vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai / kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda yaha cAra siddhAnta haiM, jinheM anyatIrthika pRthak-pRthak nirUpaNa karate haiM prathama hama 'ajJAnavAda' kyA kahatA hai yaha dekhate haiM / 1) ajJAnavAda : ajJAnavAdI 'ajJAna' ko hI zreyaskara, kalyANakArI mAnate haiM / unakA kahanA hai, "ativizAla isa sRSTi kA pUrA jJAna to hama prApta 129

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nahIM kara sakate / acchA, burA samajhakara bhI pUrI taraha acchA bhI nahIM bana sakateM, to phira usa jJAna kA kyA phAyadA ? isalie ajJAna hI acchA hai / " aisA kahanevAle ajJAnavAdI vAstava meM mithyAvAdI hai, kyoMki ve svayaM tattva se anabhijJa hote hue bhI, apane Apako jJAnI mAnakara dUsaroM ko upadeza dete haiM / ve yaha nahIM jAnate ki 'ajJAnavAda' kA paricaya karAnA, yA 'ajJAnavAda' kI zreSThatA batAnA, ajJAnavAda kA DhA~cA banAnA, yaha saba 'jJAna' se hI sambhava hai / isalie 'ajJAna' ko kalyANa kA kAraNa mAnanA kevala asambaddha hai aura saMyuktika, yA tarkazuddha bhI nahIM lgtaa| 2) vinayavAda : vinayavAdI, vastusvarUpa na samajhate hue, satya, asatya, acchA, burA inakI parIkSA kiye binA hI kevala vinaya se mokSaprApti hotI hai' aisA mAnate haiM / 'vinayavAda' se kucha milatA julatA saMdarbha, dAnAmA aura prANAmA pravrajyA ke varNana meM bhagavatIsUtra meM milatA hai / 'dAnAmA pravrajyA' arthAt devatA, rAjA, mAtA, pitA Adi sabhI kA mana, vacana, kAyA se dAna dekara vinaya karanA hotA hai / 'prANAmA pravrajyA' arthAt sAmane jo bhI dikhe, cAhe vaha manuSya ho yA pazu sabhI ko vinayapUrvaka praNAma karanA hotA hai / / jaina darzana meM vinaya ko 'dharma kA mUla' evaM 'AbhyaMtara tapa' kahA hai| koI saiddhAntika AdhAra yA tattvAdhAra na dekhate hue kevala vinaya karanA yaha yA to kevala mUDhatA hai, yA phira aise vinaya meM zaraNAgati kA bhAva hai jise jaina darzana meM koI sthAna nahIM hai / jaina darzana kA kahanA hai ki zaraNAgati 130

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se karmabandha kSINa nahIM hote, karmabandha se mukti pAne ke lie puruSArtha karane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / apane sukhaduHkhoM kA kartA bhI AtmA svayaM hai aura bhoktA bhI svayaM hI hai / isalie kevala vinayavAda se mokSaprApti mAnanA, mithyA hai| akriyAvAda : akriyAvAda ke bAre meM cUrNikAra kahate haiM ki, lokAyatika- cArvAka, bauddha, sAMkhya Adi anAtmavAdIhI akriyAvAdI hai / akriyAvAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki "AtmA kA astitva hI nahIM hai, to koI kriyA bhI nahIM ho sakatI aura kriyAjanita karmabandha bhI nahIM ho sakate / " isa taraha akriyAvAdI karmabandha ke bhaya se kriyA kA hI niSedha karate haiM / AkSepa lene para eka pakSa kahatA hai 'kriyA hai para caya saMcaya nahIM hai / ' jabakI dUsarA pakSa kahatA hai 'kriyA hai, karmabandha bhI hai aura caya bhI hai / ' isa taraha donoM pakSa meM ekavAkyatA bhI nahIM hai, parasparavirodhI vAkya bolakara ve logoM ko Thagate haiM / sAMkhya darzana AtmA yAne puruSa ko akriya mAnatA hai aura prakRti ko kriyAzIla mAnatA hai / bauddha darzana meM AtmA ko 'kSaNika' mAnate hue bhI gautama buddha kI pUrvajanmadhArita jAtakakathAe~ satya mAnate haiM / 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM akriyAvAdiyoM ko andhe manuSya kI upamA dI hai, jo hAtha meM dIpaka hote hue bhI netravihIna hone se padArthoM ko nahIM dekha sakatA / vaise akriyAvAdI prajJAvihIna hone ke kAraNa vidyamAna padArthoM ko bhI nahIM dekha sakate / jaina darzana meM AtmA ko guNa aura paryAya se yukta dravya mAnA hai / isalie guNa kI apekSA se AtmA kA traikAlika astitva mAnA hai aura paryAya

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kI apekSA se samayavartI yA kSaNika bhI mAnA hai / jIva aura pudgala donoM ko jaina darzana kriyAzIla mAnatA hai / isalie karmasiddhAnta jaina darzana kI rIDha kI haDDI hai, merudaNDa hai / 4) kriyAvAda : jo Atmatattva, gati, Agati, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, karmasiddhAnta, lokasvarUpa Adi sabhI jAnate haiM / lekina jJAna kA niSedha karake kevala kriyA se hI svarga yA mokSaprApti mAnate haiM unheM zAstrakAra ne I I I 'kriyAvAdI' kahA hai / jaina darzana kA 'prANa' jo 'ahiMsA siddhAnta' hai, isa siddhAnta ke paripAlanArtha jo mana-vacana-kAyA ina yogoM kA arthAt kriyA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, isalie jaina yA zramaNa paramparA nivRttipradhAna hai aisA kahA jAtA hai / lekina yahA~ sUtrakRtAMga meM 'ahiMsaka cAritrapAlana' ko bhI 'kriyA' kahA hai / cAritrapAlana ke antargata jo bhI japa, tapa, svAdhyAya, sAmAyika Adi kiyA jAtA hai una sabako 'kriyA' hI kahA gayA hai / isa dRSTi se jaina darzana ko hI yahA~ 'kriyAvAdI' mAnA hai / jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra jJAna aura kriyA donoM ke samanvaya se hI svarga yA mokSaprApti mAnI gayI hai / 'saMyama' Adi mokSaprada kriyAoM ko jaina darzana meM kriyAvAdiyoM ke 180, akriyAvAdiyoM ke 84, ajJAnavAdiyoM ke 67 aura vinayavAdiyoM ke 32 bheda batAye gaye haiM / ye saba milakara 363 mata hote haiM / ina sabakA 'samavasaraNa' adhyayana meM nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / mahAvIra ke prabala pratispardhiyoM meM pramukha the bauddha aura AjIvaka / akriyAvAdI bauddhoM ke 'kSaNikavAda' aura 'zUnyavAda' tathA 'sarvaM dukkha' ina matoM kA nirAkaraNa karate hue mahAvIra kahate haiM, "sayaMkaDaM NannakaDaM ca 132

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dukkhaM, AhaMsu vijjAcaraNaM pamokkhaM / " arthAt haraeka ko sukhaduHkha prApti sva-karmakRta hotI hai / anya ke karmoM kA phala nahIM bhoganA paDatA hai / bha. mahAvIra kahate haiM ki "mokSaprApti jJAna aura kriyA donoM se hotI hai, akelI kriyA se yA akele jJAna se mokSaprApti nahIM ho sakatI / " 'samavasaraNa' kA 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM pratibimbita artha jo 'vAda-saMgama' hai usakA pUrA citraNa hI hamAre sAmane AtA hai / isameM tatkAlIna karIba karIba sabhI vAdoM kA yA matoM kA yahA~ jikra kiyA gayA hai / mahAvIra ke bAda bhI kaI naye darzanoM kA nirmANa huA hai jaise IsAI, IslAma, sikkha Adi / phira bhI Aja ke vijJAnayuga meM bhI jaina darzana kA sthAna akSuNNa, abAdhita hai / apanI tarkazuddhatA, saiddhAntikIkaraNa aura samanvayatA ina guNoM ke kAraNa jaina darzana ne pUre vizva meM apanA alaga sthAna prApta kara liyA hai| 'samavasaraNa' kA mUla artha 'tattvacarcA' yA 'dharmacarcA' hai / isase 'samavasaraNa'sambandhI kAlpanika, adbhuta, ramya, bhrAnta dhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa hotA hai aura vAstavavAdI, tattvAdhAra kI majabUta nIMvapara khaDA, tarkazuddha jaina darzana ko aise adbhutaramyatA kI jarUrata hI nahIM hai / 133

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(15) sUtrakRtAMga meM zrutadharma sUtrakRtAMga - lekhamAlA (lekhAMka 3 ) : jaina jAgRti mAsikapatrikA vyAkhyAna : DaoN. nalinI jozI zabdAMkana : sau. caMdA samadaDiyA bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAt AcArya sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa Arya jambU svAmI ne 'saMyama' grahaNa kiyA / tatkAlIna samAja meM bha. mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM kI taraha bauddha, sAMkhya, AjIvaka Adi zramaNa paramparAnuyAyI aura brAhmaNa paramparAnuyAyI kaI bhikSu kAphI tAdAta meM yatra-tatra najara Ate the / hiMsApradhAna vaidika dharma kI janamAnasa para gaharI chApa thI / phira bhI sUkSma ahiMsA I siddhAnta para AdhArita sabase alaga jIvanazailI, vezabhUSA, khAnapAna, rahanasahana Adi ke kAraNa jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI apanI alaga pahacAna thI / anAyAsa Ama samAja ko tathA anya tIrthiyoM ko yaha jijJAsA hotI thI ki 'kezaluMcana, paidala vihAra, ugra tapasyA Adi atyanta kaThora AcaraNavAlA aisA kaunasA dharma aura mArga inake dharmanetA ne batAyA hai ?' yahI jijJAsA 'sUtrakRtAMga' ke 'dharma aura mArga' adhyayana meM jambU svAmI ne A. sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa prakaTa kI hai / A. sudharmA svAmI ne yogya ziSya aura yogya avasara dekhakara bha. mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita cakSurvaisatyam dharma kA svarUpa samajhAyA / sudharmA svAmI kahate haiM, "kevalajJAnI, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, vItarAgI puruSa sampUrNa vastu svarUpa ko yathAtathya dekhate haiM, jAnate haiM aura usI satyasvarUpa kI prarUpaNA karate haiM / aisA satya pratIti para AdhArita, sarvottama, zuddha dharma bahuta durlabha hai / vaha yatra tatra nahIM milatA / " isase spaSTa hotA hai ki anyamatAvalambI loga kevalajJAna yA sarvajJatA ko nahIM 134

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mAnate the / RjutA kI ora le jAnevAlA, mAyA prapaMca se rahita atyanta sarala Rju dharma yahA~ bha. mahAvIra ne batAyA hai / 'dharma' kA svarUpa samajhane ke lie pratyakSadarzI mahAvIra kA batAyA huA vastusvarUpa samajhanA jarUrI hai / 'mArga' adhyayana kI gAthA kra. 7/8 ke anusAra jIva svarUpa saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai - sRSTi meM pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya yaha pA~ca ' sthAvara' yA ekendriya jIva hai aura dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturendriya, paMcendriya yaha cAra 'trasa' aise SaTjIvanikAya sampUrNa lokAkAza meM vyApta haiM / inake atirikta saMsAra meM anya jIva - nikAya yA jIva nahIM hai / yaha 'sthAvara jIva' saMkalpanA kevala jaina darzana kI hI dena hai / anya darzanoM ne pRthvI, ap Adi pA~ca ko jaDa, prakRti - rUpa paMcamahAbhUta mAnA haiM / Age sudharmAsvAmI mahAvIra prarUpita pRthvIkAyika ityAdi kA svarUpa batalAte haiM / pRthvI jinakI kAyA hai, aise pRthaka pRthaka astitvavAle asaMkhyAta jIvoM kA piNDa pRthvIkAyika jIva kahalAte haiM / isake alAvA pRthvI ke Azrita asaMkhyAta trasAdi jIva bhI hote haiN| aisA hI anya cAra sthAvara, ekendriya ke bAre meM jAnanA cAhie / " parasparopagraho jIvAnAm" ukti ke anusAra sabhI jIvoM kA jIvana ekadUsare para nirbhara hotA hai / sabhI jIvoM kI cetanA evaM sukhaduHkhAnubhUti samAna hotI hai / sabhI ko sukha priya aura duHkha apriya hai / sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA / I aba karmabandha kA svarUpa batAte hue sudharmA svAmI kahate haiM ki 'koI kisI bhI jAti yA kula meM utpanna huA ho, jaba taka vaha Arambha (hiMsA), parigraha kA tyAga nahIM karatA taba taka use karmAzrava hotA hai aura jaba taka karmAzrava hotA hai taba taka vaha apane duHkhoM kA anta nahIM karatA / ' isalie 135

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buddhimAna puruSa ko ina SaTjIvanikAya jIvoM ko hara prakAra se, saba yuktiyoM se jAnakara kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie / yahI samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra hai / 'mArga' adhyayana meM gAthA kra. 10, 11 meM 'dharma' kA sAra isa prakAra batAyA hai - "kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA mana-vacana-kAyA se nahIM karanA yaha 'ahiMsA-siddhAnta' jisane jAna liyA usane sampUrNa zrutajJAna kA sAra pA liyA / " aura yahI mokSa prApti hai, yahI 'puruSArthasiddhyupAya' hai / isa taraha bha. mahAvIra ne akhila mAnava jAti ke Atma kalyANa kA mArga evaM dharma batAyA / ___ isa dharmapAlana kA adhikArI sirpha garbhaja, karmabhUmija manuSya hI hai / 'AdAnIya' adhyayana meM gAthA kra. 17, 18 ke anusAra cAroM gatiyoM meM manuSyagati prApta honA durlabha hai / manuSyabhava milakara bhI samyaktvaprApti, usake yogya aMta:karaNa-pariNati, dharmaprApti ke anukUla lezyAprApti, ye sArI bAteM uttarottara durlabha haiM / yaha saba jAnakara kaI jJAnI puruSa, samyak darzana evaM samyak jJAnapUrvaka cAritrapAlana yA saMyamapAlana karake pUrva saMcita karmoM kA sAmanA karake unheM parAjita karate haiM aura navIna karmabandha nahIM karate, taba AtmA sarvathA niSkarma hokara apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta karatA hai / 'AdAnIya' adhyayana meM gAthA kra. 20-22 ke anusAra parama vizuddha avasthA ko prApta, sva-svarUpa prApta AtmA mokSaprApti ke bAda phira se janma nahIM letI / kyoMki janma lene kA yA saMsAra kA karmarUpa kAraNa hI pUrNata: naSTa hone se janma-maraNarUpa saMsAra bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / jaba ki 'AdAnIya' adhyayana meM gAthA kra. 7 meM batAyA hai ki, vaidika, AjIvaka Adi anya matAvalaMbiyoM 136

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kA mAnanA hai, ki "kucha kAraNa vizeSa se yA apane dharma meM hAni hotI dekha 'dharmasaMsthApanArthAya' aisI mukta AtmA phira se janma letI haiM / unheM avatAra kahate haiN|" isa taraha "dhuNe puvvakaDaM kammaM, NavaM vA'vi Na kuvvati / " aise pUrvasaMcita dravya karma se puna: bhAvakarma aura bhAva karma se puna: dravyakarma yaha cakra ruka jAtA hai / yahI 'mokSaprApti' hai| isa prakAra ke saMyamapAlana ko mahAvIra ne 'zalyakartana' kahA hai / bhavaroga se grasita sabhI prANiyoM ko rogamukti ke lie mahAvIra jaise kuzala vaidya ne yaha 'zalyakartana' arthAt saMyama mArga kA upadeza diyA hai / yahI zruta-cAritra dharma hai, jisameM kaSAya, viSayasevana, kAmabhogAsakti, sukhAbhilASA, pramAda ityAdi kA pUrA paraheja karanA paDatA hai / ___sUtrakRtAMga' meM cAritra dharma-pAlana kA bhI pUrA byaurevAra varNana milatA hai, jisake AdhAra se uttaravarti AcAryoM ne dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana jaise sAdhusAdhviyoM ke AcAra-pradhAna granthoM kI racanA kI hogI aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| bha. mahAvIra ne apanI satyaprajJA se samIkSA karake hameM jo sva-para kalyANakArI ahiMsAmUlaka dharma evaM mArgarUpI ratna sauMpe haiM, ve Aja bhI sUtrakRtAMgAdi prAcIna AgamoM ke ratna karaMDakoM meM surakSita haiM / isa hamArI anamola dharohara ko hameM hRdayaMgama karanA cAhie / yathAzakti hameM yaha janamAnasa taka pahu~cAne kA prayAsa karanA cAhie / tabhI hama mahAvIra prarUpita dharma evaM mArga ke prati saccA nyAya kara pAyeMge / 137

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(16) sUtrakRtAMga meM 'gurukulavAsa' eka Adarza zikSA-praNAlI sUtrakRtAMga-lekhamAlA (lekhAMka 4) : jaina jAgRti mAsikapatrikA vyAkhyAna : DaoN. nalinI jozI zabdAMkana : sau. candA samadaDiyA prAyaH sabhI jaina darzanagranthoM meM zrutadharma para AdhArita ahiMsAtmaka AcArapraNAlI kA vizada varNana milatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai / isake alAvA sUtrakRtAMga kA 'grantha' adhyayana, Adarza zikSApraNAlI kA uttama namUnA hai / isa dRSTi se sUtrakRtAMga kA vizeSa mahattva hai / ___ adhyayana kA zIrSaka 'grantha', yaha jaina pAribhASika zabda, mamatva yA parigraha isI artha se prayukta kiyA gayA hai / vidyA prApti kI icchA rakhanevAle hara vidyArthI ko grantha se nirgrantha yA granthI banAne kI prakriyA kA vizada varNana yahA~ kiyA gayA gAthA kra. 1 meM 'gurukulavAsa' ke lie 'brahmacarya' zabda prayukta kiyA hai / 'brahmacarya' zabda ke tIna artha hote hai / bhAratIya sabhI darzanoM meM jJAna prApti ke lie 'brahmacarya pAlana' atyanta anivArya mAnA gayA hai / vaidika paramparA meM 'gurukulavAsa' kI avasthA ko hI 'brahmacaryAzrama' kahA hai / 'sUtrakRtAMga' ke anusAra gurukulavAsa do prakAra kA hai - 1) dIkSA arthAt 'AjIvana gurukulavAsa' / 2) zikSAprApti hetu kucha samaya ke lie gurukulavAsa / isalie guru yA AcArya bhI do prakAra ke kahe haiM-1) dIkSA dAtA 2) zikSA dAtA arthAt zAstra pATha kI vAcanA dekara sAmAcArI evaM paramparAoM kA jJAna 138

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sikhAnevAle guru / aise zruta pAragAmI AcArya jJAna paramparAvAhaka bhAvI ziSya ko bAhyAbhyantara 'grantha' kA svarUpa samajhAkara granthiyoM ko kSINa karane kA abhyAsa karAte haiM / jisase ziSya ko pUrI taraha se granthamukta hokara nirgrantha avasthA taka pahu~cAyA jAtA hai / isa taraha ziSya ko mokSAdhikArI banAyA jAtA hai / aise kuzala AcArya ojasvI, tejasvI, gItArtha, pAragAmI i. guNoM ke dhAraka hote haiM / gurukulavAsa meM rahanevAle ziSya ke lie kaunase Avazyaka guNa yA yogyatAe~ honA jarUrI haiM unakA bhI yahA~ vistRta varNana hai / 'gurukulavAsa' meM jAti varNa kI uccanIcatA bhedabhAva se rahita aneka vidyArthiyoM kA eka saMgha hotA hai aura saMgha anuzAsana se hI calatA hai / isalie ( gAthA kra. 7 se 12 taka) kaThora anuzAsanapAlana ke lie Avazyaka hotI hai 'sahanazIlatA', isalie sahanazIlatA baDhAne kA upadeza diyA hai / isake alAvA ziSya ko vinayazIla, icchArahita, catura evaM apramatta honA jarUrI hai / sAtha meM ziSya ko AjJAkArI bhI honA caahie| sahanazIlatA ke abhAva meM yA vRthA AtmavizvAsa ke kAraNa aparipakva avasthA meM gurukulavAsa ko choDanevAle ziSya kI hAlata 'navajAta, zaktihIna pakSI zizu ke jaisI, jise DhaMka Adi prabala pakSI mAra DAlate haiM ?' vaisI hI hotI hai / gAthA kra. 13 se 18 meM gurukulavAsa meM rahane kA phala batAyA hai, ziSya ko jJAnaprAptI, dharma, kartavya kA bodha hotA hai, sahanazIlatA, apramattatA Adi guNoM kA vaha abhyAsI hotA hai / moharahita, saMyamita jIvana jIne kI kalA sikhatA hai / AcaraNa meM nipuNatA ke sAtha sAtha navazAlinI pratibhA kA pUrA vikAsa hotA hai aura isa taraha ziSya sampUrNa paripakva avasthA ko prApta hotA 139

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hai aura isI meM 'guru' apane jIvana kI ' iti kartavyatA mAnate haiM / ' 'grantha' adhyayana meM antima 10 gAthAoM meM guru kI jJAnaparamparA ko agresara karanevAlA ziSya kaise taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai isakA atyanta spaSTa zabdoM meM vivecana kiyA hai / Adarza pravaktA ke lakSaNa evaM Adarza guru ke nikaSa bhI yahA~ batAye haiM, jo sArvakAlika, mArgadarzaka evaM anukaraNIya haiM / jIvanopayogI sabhI viSayoM meM evaM AdhyAtmika, sAMskRtika, sAmAjika i. sabhI viSayoM meM niSNAta 'guru' hI ziSya ke lie eka Adarza zikSA-saMsthA hotI hai / isalie guru ke lie bhI eka kasauTI hI hotI hai / guru ko harapala sAvadhAna rahakara siddhAMtocita vyavahAra hI karanA hotA hai / isake alAvA guru pAradarzI ho, kathanI-karanI meM samAna ho / tathA ziSya ke hara zaMkA kA samAdhAna, saMzodhana karake, soca-vicAra karake hI denA cAhie / kAlAnurUpa hara viSaya kI jAnakArI guru ko honI cAhie / guru bahuzruta honA cAhie / isa taraha guru kaisA honA cAhie yaha batAkara aba pravaktA kI bhASA kaisI ho yaha bhI yahA~ batAyA hai| jJAnadAna kA mAdhyama hai bhASA / isalie guru ko bhASA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA cAhie / uccAraNa zuddha ho, zAstrArtha ko chipAnA nahIM cAhie / zAstra se adhika yA viparIta prarUpaNA nahIM karanI cAhie / guru ko ahaMkAra yA dUsaroM kA parihAsa nahIM karanA cAhie / dravya, kSetra, bhAva ke anusAra syAdvAda se hI bolanA cAhie / satya evaM vyavahAra bhASA kA prayoga kareM / vidyArthiyoM kI kSamatA, pAtratA i. dhyAna meM lekara unakI mati ke anusAra dRSTAMta dekara samajhAnA cAhie / vaktRtva ke daurAna viSaya ke saMkSepa, vistAra kA bhI viveka rakhanA cAhie / guru saMtuSTa hokara kisI kI bhautika unnati hetu AzIrvAda na de yA krodha meM Akara kisI ke lie apazabda bhI na kaheM / vaise bhI jaina darzanAnusAra 140

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karmasiddhAnta ke phalavipAka meM koI hastakSepa nahIM kara sakatA / ina saba nikaSoM se vidyAdAna karate karate guru yA AcArya ko svayaM bhI AtmavikAsa kI sAdhanA karanI cAhie / Adarza guru yA zikSaka ke nikaSa jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ne Aja se 2600 varSa pUrva batAye haiM, ye sAre nikaSa Aja bhI Adarza zikSaka yA utkRSTa pravaktA ke lie jyoM ki tyoM lAgU hote haiM / bhASA ke mAdhyama se calanevAle hara kSetra meM jaise skUla yA mahAvidyAlaya, miDiyA, dUradarzana, reDio Adi sabake lie ye upayukta bAteM bahuta mAyane rakhatI haiM / agara 'grantha' adhyayana meM batAye hue ina adhyayanakSetra ke nikaSoM para aMmala kiyA jAya to, 'Adarza zikSA vyavasthA' kA yaha uttama udAharaNa pUre vizva ke lie varadAna sAbita hogA jisakI Aja nihAyata jarUrata hai / 141 :

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142

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sUtrakRtAMga - vividha AyAma ( zrutaskandha 2 ) anukramaNikA kra. zIrSaka lekhaka 1) sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kI prastAvanA 2) sUtrakRtAMga : vidyArthiyoM ke vicAra unmeSa ( prAstAvika aura nibandhasUci) 1) gunhegArI jagat ANi kriyAsthAna 2) sUtrakRtAMgAta nirdiSTa 'pApazruta' (arthAt maMtra, taMtra, adbhutavidyA ) 10) sUtrakRtAMgAcyA dvitIya zrutaskaMdhAce sAra 11) hastitApasAMnA yathocita uttara -- 3) AjacI jaina jIvanapaddhatI va vanaspatisRSTI anItA botharA 4) sUtrakRtAMgAtIla vanaspatisRSTI va sadya:sthitI anItA botharA anItA botharA 5) sUtrakRtAMgAtIla pratyAkhyAnAce svarUpa 6) 'lepa' gRhapati : eka Adarza zrAvaka 7) sUtrakRtAMga meM pratibimbita sAmAjika aMza 8) AcArazruta adhyayana - eka cintana 9) sUtrakRtAMgAce dona zrutaskaMdha : taulanika vicAra 143 anItA botharA anItA botharA pRSTha kra. 145 147 151 160 166 173 181 saMgItA botharA 188 kumudinI bhaMDArI 191 sumatilAla bhaMDArI 195 rekhA chAjeDa 199 zakuMtalA coraDiyA 202 sAdhanA desaDalA 206

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12) sadya:kAlIna pariprekSya meM sUtrakRtAMga maMgalA goThI 209 13) addagassa kahANayaM AzA kAMkariyA 211 14) hastitApasa ke mata kA sambhAvya khaNDana saMgItA munota 213 15) apratyAkhyAna ANi pratyAkhyAna : kalpanA muthA 216 eka ciMtana 16) sUtrakRtAMga (2) : kAhI vizeSa vyaktirekhA jyotsnA muthA 220 17) sUtrakRtAMga (2) : eka saMpUrNa Agama haMsA nahAra 223 18) sUtrakRtAMga (2) : eka ciMtanasaptaka arjuna nirvANa 227 19) malA bhAvalele AcArazruta lInA saMcetI 230 144

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.1. sUnakRtAMga - dvitIya zrutaskandha - prastAvanA ardhamAgadhI Agama graMthoM ke gyAraha aMga maulika rUpa meM bha. mahAvIra dvArA prastuta aura gaNadhara dvArA saMkalita haiM / svasamaya aura parasamaya kA vivecana karanevAlA AgamagraMtha 'sUtrakRtAMga' hai / __dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM kula sAta adhyayana haiM / pA~cavA aura chaThA adhyayana choDakara saba gadyasUtroM meM zabdabaddha haiM / isa dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke adhyayana uddezakoM meM vibhakta nahIM hai / bhASA, zabdaprayoga aura racanAzailI kI dRSTi se sUtrakRtAMga kA prathama zrutaskaMdha prAcIna pratIta hotA hai / usakI tulanA meM dvitIya zrutaskaMdha arvAcIna hai / prathama zrutaskaMdha kI racanA sudharmA svAmI kI hai / ataH usakA kAla IsavIpUrva 5 vI zatAbdI honA cAhie / dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke racanAkAra ke viSaya meM koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hai / AcArya mahAprajJa ke matAnusAra dvitIya zrutaskaMdha kI racanA IsavIpUrva 2 rI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa honI cAhie / gadya sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha kI viSayavastu adhyayana svarUpa sUtrasaMkhyA viSaya 1) poMDarIya gadya 31 puNDarIka kamala kA dRssttaant| (puNDarIka) sadAcArI saMyamI puruSa kA uddhAraka honA / 2) kiriyAThANa gadya 48 karmabandha aura mokSa ke (kriyAsthAna) kAraNabhUta kriyAoM kA pratipAdana / 145

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3) AhArapariNNA gadya (AhAraparijJA) 4) paccakkhANakiriyA gadya 11 (pratyAkhyAnakriyA) 5) AyArasuya (AcArazruta) 6) addaijja (ArdrakIya) 7) nAlaMdaijja ( nAlandIya) padya padya 29 gadya 33 55 40 146 ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM ke AhAra kA vivecana / aThAraha pApoM ke pratyAkhyAna karane yA na karane se lAbha aura hAni / AcAra aura anAcAra kA pratipAdana / ArdrakakumAra kA vividha matAvalaMbiyoM se saMvAda tathA zuddha saMyamamArga meM dIkSita honA / nAlandA upanagara meM pArzvApatyIya zramaNa udaka tathA gautama gaNadhara meM vArtAlApa /

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sUnakRtAMga-vidyArthiyoM ke vicAra - unmeSa prAstAvika sAmprata kAla meM kisI bhI jJAnazAkhA kI padavI yA padavyuttara padavI prApta karane kA tarIkA badala gayA hai / hara eka vidyArthI ko sAlabhara kiye hue adhyayana para AdhArita 'prejheMTezana' denA paDatA hai / hamane socA ki, jaba hama AgamoM kA adhyayana pUre zaikSaNika stara para kara rahe haiM taba hara eka vidyArthI ko cAhie, ki vaha lagabhaga dasa miniToM kA eka prejheMTezana sabake sAmane kareM / sanmati-tIrtha saMsthA meM Akara, sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kA adhyayana karanevAle vidyArthiyoM ne 13 eprila 2013 ko apane laghunibandha paDhe / eka grantha kI ora dekhane ke kitane sAre dRSTikoNa ho sakate haiM yaha tathya nimnalikhita sUci se ujAgara hogA - sUtrakRtAMgapara (2) para AdhArita laghunibandhoM kI viSayasUci 1) pratyAkhyAnakriyA va 'nAlaMdIya' madhIla pratyAkhyAna bAgamAra caMdrakalA 2) mitradoSapratyayika kriyAsthAna bAgamAra latA 3) mitradoSapratyayika kriyAsthAna (sadya:kAlIna dRSTikoNAtUna) bAgamAra prakAza 4) AyA apaccakkhANI-vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa bAgamAra smitA 5) 'AcArazruta' adhyayana kA mukhya Azaya bedamuthA zyAmala 6) mitradoSapratyayika kriyAsthAna botharA kamala 7) 'lepa' gRhapati : eka Adarza zrAvaka botharA saMgItA 147

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8) pratyAkhyAna kA, kazAce va koNa karU zakato ? borA puSpA 9) AyA apaccakkhANI : bhAvArtha bhaMDArI anila 10) sUtrakRtAMga meM pratibimbita sAmAjika aMza bhaMDArI kumudinI 11) lepa' nAmaka gRhapati : eka Adarza zrAvaka bhaMDArI saralA 12) AcArazruta adhyayana : eka ciMtana bhaMDArI sumatilAla 13) hiMsAdaNDapratyayika kriyAsthAna bhaMDArI sunItA 14) AcArazruta adhyayanAcA mukhya viSaya bhansALI saMtoSa 15) sUtrakRtAMga (2) meM pratibimbita sAmAjika aMza bhansALI suvitA 16) 'AcArazruta' adhyayanAcA sArAMza bhaTevarA vimala 17) mitradoSapratyayika kriyAsthAna bhaTevarA kamalA 18) 'AyA apaccakkhANI' sUtra kA bhAvArtha bhaTevarA puSpA 19) adhyAtmapratyayika kriyAsthAna bhaTevarA ujjvalA 20) gozAlaka ke AkSepa-Ardraka ke javAba bhaTevarA vimala 21) gozAlaka ke AkSepa-Ardraka ke javAba bhuraTa zazikalA 22) Ardraka-gozAlaka : savAla-javAba chAjeDa bhagavAnadAsa 23) AhAraparijJA aura piNDaiSaNA chAjeDa rekhA 24) sApekSatAvAda : sUtrakRtAMga kI dRSTi se copaDA maMju 25) 'puNDarIka' adhyayana meM khaNDana-maNDana coraDiyA madhubAlA 26) sUtrakRtAMgAcyA dvitIya zrutaskaMdhAce sAra coraDiyA zakuMtalA 27) Ardraka-gozAlaka : AkSepa va samAdhAna DAgaliyA latA 28) hastitApasAMnA yathocita uttara desaDalA sAdhanA 148

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29) mitradoSapratyayika kriyAsthAna dhokA anItA 30) 'AcArazruta' adhyayanAcA viSaya guMdecA zobhA 31) sadya:kAlIna pariprekSya meM sUtrakRtAMga goThI maMgalA 32) pratyAkhyAnakriyA' adhyayana kA mahattva karnAvaTa kamala 33) pratyAkhyAna kA mahattva karnAvaTa savitA 34) sUtrakRtAMga (2) madhye pratibiMbita sAmAjika aMza kaTAriyA saMgItA 35) addagassa kahANayaM kAMkariyA AzA 36) AyA apaccakkhANI' sUtra kA bhAvArtha kAMkariyA nirmalA 37) pratyAkhyAna kyoM karanA cAhie ? kemakara zakuMtalA 38) sUtrakRtAMga aura muNDakopaniSada : eka tulanA kulakarNI manISA 39) anekAntavAda : AkSepa, maryAdA va samAdhAna koThArI caMcalA 40) pratyAkhyAnakriyA ANi nAlaMdIya'madhIla pratyAkhyAna khaNase pAramitA 41) sUtrakRtAMga (2) ke adhyayanoM kA viSayAnusArI mahattva khiMvasarA aruNA 42) 'AyA apaccakkhANI' sUtra kA bhAvArtha khiMvasarA mInala 43) Adarza zrAvaka lalavANI pratibhA 44) sUtrakRtAMga (2) : eka anuciMtana luMkaDa kamalA 45) pratyAkhyAnakriyA loDhA madana 46) sUtrakRtAMga (2) adhyayanAMce viSayAnusArI mahattva loDhA zobhA 47) gAthApati-cora-vimokSaNa nyAya mAlu bAlacaMda 48) Ardraka aura zAkyabhikSu kA vArtAlApa munota savitA 49) hastitApasa ke mata kA saMbhAvya khaNDana munota saMgItA 149

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50) sUtrakRtAMga (2) ke adhyayanoM kA viSayAnusArI mahattva 51) apratyAkhyAna ANi pratyAkhyAna : eka ciMtana 52) sUtrakRtAMga (2) : kAhI vizeSa vyaktirekhA 53) Ardraka-gozAlaka ke AkSepa aura samAdhAna ( savAla-javAba ke rUpa meM) 54) sUtrakRtAMga : eka saMpUrNa Agama 55) sUtrakRtAMga (2) : eka ciMtanasaptaka 56) ArdrakAce gozAlakAlA uttara 57) vanaspativicAra : jaina darzanAcyA saMdarbhAta 58) pratyAkhyAnakriyA 59) 'AcArazruta' adhyayana kA mahattva 60) pratyAkhyAna : eka Avazyaka 61) 'puNDarIka' adhyayanAta svamatAce maMDana 62) 'AcArazruta' kA mukhya Azaya 63) 'AcArazruta' adhyayana kA mahattva 64) padyamaya 'ArdrakIya' adhyayana 65) malA bhAvalele AcArazruta 66) AyA apaccakkhANI : bhAvArtha 67) Ardraka - gozAlaka saMvAda 150 muthA anItA muthA kalpanA muthA jyotsnA nahATA saMgItA nahAra saMgItA nirvANa arjuna osavAla lalitA pArakha surekhA pokaraNA lIlAvatI zahA jayabAlA ziMgavI puSpA ziMgavI raMjanA zeTiyA rAjazrI zrIzrImALa brijabAlA samadaDiyA caMdA saMcetI lInA surANA sImA solaMkI vaibhavI

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(1) gunhegArI jagat ANi kriyAsthAna vyAkhyAna : DaoN. sau. nalinI jozI zabdAMkana : DaoN. sau. anItA botharA dUradarzanavara 'krAima peTrola', 'sAvadhAna iMDiyA', 'lakSya' i. kAryakrama baghatAnA mana agadI khinna hotaM, becaina hotaM, duHkhI hotaM ANi khola manAta eka vicAra taraMgato kI, 'kharaMcaca ! hA avasarpiNI kAlacakrAcA 'dukhamA ArA' Ahe'. kiDanaeNpiMga, repa, khUna, cAilDa a~byUjameMTa, bAbA bhoMdUgirI, hyumana TraeNphika, sAyabara kaeNphe-krAima, khaMDaNI i. aneka gunhyAMcyA darzanAnaM mana hAdarUna jAte. vicAra yeto - arere ! aneka prakAracyA duHkhAMnI he jaga gacca bharalaM Ahe. lahAna bAlakApAsUna te vRddha vyaktIMparyaMta pratyekajaNa koNatyA nA koNatyA prakArAne zoSita hota Ahe, pIDita hota Ahe ANi ciMtana surU hote kI - ApaNa bha. mahAvIrAMcyA samayIca janmAlA Alo asato tara kitI bare jhAle asate ! azA prakArace krAima nA pahAvayAsa miLAle asate, nA loka tyA krAimace baLI jhAle asate. 'satyaM, zivaM, suMdaraM' azA jagAcA ApaNahI AsvAda ghetalA asatA. paNa vAstavikatA azI nAhI - sUtrakRtAMgAtIla (sUtrakRtAMga zrutaskaMdha 2, adhyayana 2) 13 kriyAsthAnAMce varNana vAcatAnA, 'vartamAnAta cAlU asalelI gunhegArIcI jhaLa kamI Ahe kI kAya ?' ase vATU lAgate. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (31.12), AvazyakasUtra (tehatIsa bola), tattvArthasUtra (6.6) i. graMthAtahI azA prakAracyA kriyAsthAnAMce varNana Ahe. tyA sarvAMce mULa sUtrakRtAMga AgamAta sApaDate. yAcAca artha asA kI bha. mahAvIrAMcyA veLI suddhA suSTa-duSTa, sajjanadurjana, cAMgalyA-vAITa pravRttI hotyA. tyAMnI yathAzakya lokAMnA sadupadeza 151

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deNyAcA prayatna kelA. hiMsecyA jagAta bha. mahAvIrAMnI prakAzAcA jhota TAkUna, samAjApAsUna te vaiyaktika manAtalyA dvaMdvAparyaMta darzana karavile. ApaNa ApalyA kalpanAzaktInehI jitakyA hiMsaka viSayAMnA sparza karU zakalo nasato tyAhUna adhika-sAmAjika, rAjakIya, kauTuMbika, Arthika, dhArmika, vaiyaktika azA aneka prakAracyA gunhyAMce, tyA kALI bha. mahAvIrAMnI ApalyA upadezAcyA mAdhyamAtUna, kriyAsthAnAMcyA rUpAne, pratyakSa svarUpaca ApalyAsamora varNile. hiMsemAgIla preraNA, tyAsAThI kelI gelelI pravRttI va tyAce hota asalele pariNAma azA tIna mudyAMnA sparza karaNArA upadeza tyAMnI dilA. abhyAsAtUna ase lakSAta Ale kI tyAveLace gunhe ANi AttA hota asalele gunhe, yAta kAhI moThA pharaka nAhI. vaiyaktika dRSTyA mANUsa nirAzeta jAUna kazI AtmahatyA karato ithapAsUna te theTa samAjAta rAhUna nAtI - parivArAsAThI itarAMcIhI kazI piLavaNUka karato yethaparyaMta - azA sarva prakAracyA vicArAMnI bharalelI hI kriyAsthAne Aheta. dUradarzanavara suddhA jitakI viSayAMcI vividhatA nasela titakI vividhatA bha. mahAvIrAMnI kriyAsthAnAMcyA dvAre nidarzanAsa ANUna dilI Ahe. svata:ca adhika sukhAta asAve, mI sarvAMvara sattA cAlavAvI, mAjhyA kAmavAsanecI pUrtI vhAvI, khUpa paise miLavAveta hI tyA sarva kriyAsthAnAMmAgacI preraNA Ahe va tyAsAThI avalaMbilele khAlIla vegavegaLe hiMsaka mArga Aheta. * pArivArika kuzalatesAThI, nAtI-gotI- parivAra - mitramaMDaLI yAMcyA bhalyAsAThI, bharabharATIsAThI, devIdevatAMsAThI - aneka prakAracyA jIvAMcI hiMsA mhaNaje 'arthadaMDa' va pariNAmasvarUpa pApakarmAMcA baMdha. svata:sAThI va dusar2yAsAThI, koNatehI prayojana nasatAnA vinAkAraNa mhaNaje nA hI zarIrAsAThI, nA hI upajIvikA mhaNUna, nA hI putra - patnI152

Page #161
pazu i. cyA poSaNAsAThI, nA gharAcyA saMrakSaNAsAThI, nA prANyAcyA rakSaNAsAThI. paNa tarIhI vanaspatIMce chedana-bhedana karaNe, Aga lAvaNe, prANyAMcI cAmaDI kADhaNe, DoLe ukhaDaNe, upadrava karaNe i. dvArA jIvAMnA vinA prayojana zikSA deNe mhaNaje 'anarthadaMDa' va pariNAmasvarUpa vairAcA baMdha. ApaNa mArale jAU kiMvA Apale saMbaMdhI mArale jAtIla yA bhItIne viSArI sarpa, vyAghra, siMha, viMcU i. prANyAMnA taseca krUra, hiMsaka vRttIcyA mANasAMnAhI, tyAMcI kAhIhI cUka nasatAnA 'to hiMsaka Ahe', ase samajUna va svata:lA bhItI vATate' mhaNUna tyAMnA daMDa deNe, mAraNe mhaNaje 'hiMsAdaMDa' va pariNAmasvarUpa pApakarmAcA baMdha. ApalyA upajIvikesAThI jara koNI zikAra karata asela va to mRgAcyA zikArIsAThI gelA asatAnA, jAtA-jAtA vATeta disaNAre kabUtara, cimaNI, mAkaDa i. prANyAMnA vinAkAraNa mArata asela kiMvA jara zetI karata asela tara zetI karatAnA itara vanaspatIMce acAnaka chedana-bhedana hoNe mhaNaje 'akasmAtdaMDa' va pariNAmasvarUpa pApakarmAMcA baMdha. yA akasmAtdaMDAce vartamAnasvarUpa ase Ahe kI ekhAdyA gunhegArAlA gunhA karatAnA koNI pAhilyAsa, to sAkSa deU naye mhaNUna tyAlA mAraNe kiMvA ekhAdyAlA mAratAnA tyAcyA vATeta je-je yetIla tyAMnA uDaviNe. AI-vaDIla, bhAU-bahINa, patnI-putra-kanyA ase sarvAMnI miLUna ekatra kuTuMbAta rAhaNe va ApalyAca kuTuMbAtIla lokAMnA zatrU samajUna mAraNe. ___ athavA gAvAta, nagarAta, zaharAta lUTa, corI hota asatAnA jo luTArU athavA cora nasato tyAlA tase samajUna mAraNe mhaNajeca saMzayita 153

Page #162
hAca gunhegAra kiMvA eka saMpUrNa jAtaca gunhegArIsAThI badanAma (jazI pAradhI jamAta-cora jamAta mhaNUna badanAma) hA 'dRSTiviparyAsa daMDa' va pariNAmasvarUpa pApakarmAMcA baMdha svata:cyA sukhasuvidhesAThI va sarva kAhI svata:lA prApta vhAve yA vRttIne - dusar2yAcyA jaminI, ghare baLakAvaNe, sarakAracyA paizAvara DallA mAraNe, janatecyA hitAsAThI jamA kelele paise svataH lubADaNe, paravAnagIzivAya jAstakhANI khodaNe, moThamoThyA zikSaNasaMsthA ubhArUna moThamoThAle Donezansa gheNe, minarala vaoNTara banaviNyAsAThI pANI upasaNe azA aneka prakAre sarvaca dezAta, vegavegaLyA starAvara kRtrima va naisargika donhI prakAracyA cor2yA va khoTAraDepaNA cAlU asato. adattAdAna va mRSApratyayAcI he navyAne surU jhAlele sarva prakAra tethe sahaja joDatA yetIla. hukUmazAhI va rAjezAhI soDUna sarvAMcyA hitAsAThI lokazAhI ANalI tarI pApAcaraNAlA lagAma nAhI. karjamAphI, zikSaNa, bacatagaTa i. cAMgalyA soyItahI cor2yAmAr2yA cAlUca. AjacyA pariprekSyeta cAlU asalele he sarva gunhegArIce prakAra 'mRSApratyayika' (jhUTha) va 'adattAdAnapratyayika' (corI) Aheta va pariNAma svarUpa pApakarmAMcA baMdha. bha. mahAvIrAMcI dRSTI mhaNaje prakAzajhota. jikaDe vaLavU tikaDe prakAza. hA prakAzAcA jhota tyAMnI sAmAjikatekaDUna vaiyaktika AyuSyAkaDe phiravilA. baeNTarI svata:vara ANalI. ApalyA aMtarAtmyAta DokAvUna pAhile. manAtIla saMkleza, khinnatA, nakArAtmaka vicAra, cAMgalyA-vAITa goSTI, sarva khaLabaLI i. muLe Apale citta vinAkAraNa hIna-dIna-durmanaska hote. he 'adhyAtmapratyayika' (AtmyAsaMbaMdhI) kriyAsthAna Ahe. tyAcA pariNAma 154

Page #163
krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha vADhata jAtAta, vAITa-duSTa vicAra vADhatAta, nirAzA yete va majala AtmahatyeparyaMta pohocate. abhimAnAne, madAne, ahaMgaMDa bALagalyAne dusar2yAMnA kamI lekhaNe, niMdA karaNe, avahelanA karaNe i. vRttI baLAvatAta. kAhIhI asatAnA kiMvA kAhIhI nasatAnA suddhA ApaNa kazAkazAcA mAja karata asato - zrImaMtIcA, rAjakAraNAcA, sattecA, gharANezAhIcA, rUpAcA, zaktIcA, tyAtUna guMDagirIcA, uccanIcatecA, he sarva 'mAnapratyayika' Aheta. ahaMgaMDAce Ajace svarUpa ApalyAlA puDhIla zabdAta vyakta karatA yeIla. thoDA-adhika jJAnAcA svAda jarI ghetalA tarI sAhitya saMmelanAta, zAstrajJAMcyA samAjAta kiMbahunA nobala pAritoSika miLaviNyAsAThI aneka 'pula' lAvale jAtAta va ekamekAMce pAya oDhale jAtAta. kSetra koNatehI aso, pratyeka ThikANI mIca puDhe asAve. krIDA aso kI sAhitya aso kI kalA aso - 'ahaM seTTha' (mI zreSTha) 'duiyaM kaNiTuM' (dusarA kaniSTha) hI vRttI va pariNAmasvarUpa janma-maraNa cakrAta bhramaNa va vizeSataH narakagamana. Apale prabhutva va Apale svAmitva sthApana karaNyAsAThI choTyAtalyA choTyA aparAdhAsAThI moThyAta moThI zikSA. kuTuMbAta sarvAMnI mAjhe aikAve, saMpUrNa gharAdArAvara mAjhAca hukUma asAvA, pratyekAne mAjhyAca AjJeta rahAve-asA dhAka, azI hiTalarazAhI va tazI pratyekAcyA manAta dahazata nirmANa karaNe hA bha. mahAvIrAMcyA zabdAta 'mitradoSapratyaya'hoya. 155

Page #164
kauTuMbika hiMsAcArAce Ajace svarUpa puDhIla zabdAta vyakta karatA yeIla. navarA kitIhI dArUDyA asalA va ajibAta kartRtvavAna nasalA, bAyakoca cAra gharacI kAme karUna poTa bharata asalI tarI navar2yAne bAyakolA baDaviNe va 'mIca tujhA svAmI' hI bhAvanA nirmANa karaNe. sAsUne-naNaMdane sunezI bhAMDaNa karaNe, raoNkela otaNe, kADyA TAkaNe, vAMjha mhaNUna ekhAdIcA apamAna karaNe, vidhavA mhaNUna tilA hiNaviNe, tI samora AlyAsa apazakuna mAnaNe, ghaTasphoTa, huMDAbaLI, strIbhrUNahatyA he sarva kauTuMbika doSa Aheta. azA prakAre striyAMnA cukIcyA zikSA deNyAta striyAMcAca puDhAkAra asato. AIvaDilAMnA jIva nakosA vATaNe ithapAsUna te sunecyA chaLAparyaMta. pariNAmasvarUpa pArivArika kleza, daurmanasya va durbhAvanA nirmANa hotAta. adhyAtmAcyA nAvAkhAlI buvAbAjI, gaMDe-dore-tAIta, hipnaoNTijhama, hAtacalAkhI i. dvAre bhaktAcyA khar2yA-khoTyA zraddhecA phAyadA gheUna svata:cI gairamArgAne AjIvikA karaNe, paise kamAvaNe va tyAsAThI dusar2yAMcI phasavaNUka, lUTa, labADI, gaLA kApaNe, Arthika va laiMgika piLavaNUka karaNe, hA 'mAyApratyayikadaMDa' Ahe. ase vAgatAnA tyAMnA tyAcA kadhIhI pazcAttApa hota nAhI. pApabhIrU mANUsa thoDA tarI ghAbarato paNa azI phasavegirI karaNArI mANase dusar2yAlA cukIce paTavUna deNyAta yazasvI hotAta. koDage, nigaragaTTa, nirdAvalele, hAtAbAhera gelele asatAta. je karatAta tyAta tyAMnA cUka vATataca nAhI. nA pazcAttApAcI bhAvanA, nA sudhAra, nA zalyarahitatA. azAhI mAnasazAstrIya bhAvanAMcA AviSkAra 156

Page #165
yethe dAkhavilA Ahe. pariNAmasvarUpa azI mANase kapaTAkaDUna adhikAdhika kapaTAkaDe vaLUna durgatigamana karatAta. prabaLa lobhAcyA AhArI jAUna maMtra-taMtra, jAraNa - mAraNa vidyA, vividha prayogAMcA vApara, karaNI, putraprAptIsAThI baLI, liMgapUjA, jAdUToNA, bhAnAmatI, kALIjAdU azA aneka devIdevatAMcyA va dharmAcyA nAvAkhAlI aghorI sAdhanA karaNe va ApaNa gairakRtya karata Ahota ase manAtahI yeU na deNe. kAhIhI karUna putra havA, dhanAcA haMDA havA, zatrUce vAToLe vhAyalAca have va azA cukIcyA goSTI sAdhya karaNyAsAThI kitIhI jIvahiMsA karAvI lAgalI tarI cAlela, koNatyAhI rahasyamaya sAdhanAMcA Azraya ghyAvA lAgalA tarI cAlela, laiMgika kAmavAsanA bhogaNyAsAThI kitIhI niMdanIya kAma karAve lAgale tarI cAlela. hA 'lobhapratyayika' Ahe. azA vRttIMnI vAraMvAra AMdhaLe, muke, bahire hoNyAcI saMbhAvanA. AtA bha. mahAvIrAMnI kaeNmerAcA phokasa ekadama badalalA. are baMdhUMno ! ghAbarU nakA. sarva jaga phakta gunhegArIneca bharalele nAhI. yA jagAta cAMgale loka suddhA Aheta. AtmakalyANa karaNArehI Aheta. AtmajJAnAne cAMgale AcaraNa karaNAre lokahI Aheta. azI mANase ajibAta bephikirIne vAgata nAhIta. durlakSa karata nAhIta. apramAdAne rAhatAta. niSpApa kriyA karatAta. kALajIpUrvaka karatAta. kazAtahI tyAMcA atireka nasato. khANyAtapiNyAta-bolaNyAta- jhopaNyAta uThaNyAta- basaNyAta sAvadhAnatA asate. maryAdA asate. pApaNyAMcI sUkSma ughaDajhApa suddhA agadI hozapUrvaka karatAta. hI 'IryApathika' kriyA hoya va pariNAmasvarUpa tyAMcyA pApakarmAMcA baMdha hota nAhI. 157

Page #166
bha. mahAvIrAMnI tyA kALacyA samAjAcyA pArzvabhUmIvara rekhATalele he citra, tinhI kALAta lAgU hoIla ase Ahe. yAta vADhatyA gunhegArIce 12 AyAma asUna pratyeka apapravRttIcA phokasa hA vegaLA Ahe. jaNUkAhI he 'satyameva jayate'ceca 13 episoDa Aheta. sAmAjika vAtAvaraNAta jA, rAjakAraNAta jA, asaMskRta samAjAta jA, gharAta jA, mitramaMDaLI jA kiMvA adhyAtmAta jA - niSpApa sUkSma kriyepAsUna te janmajanmAMtarIcyA tIvra baMdhAparyaMta, varapAsUna te khAlaparyaMta, sarva starAce cAMgale-vAITa darzana karavile. AdarzavAda kasA asAvA he mahAvIrAMnA mAhIta Ahe paNa 'pUrNa AdarzavAda' jagAta asaNAra nAhI, hehI tyAMnA mAhIta Ahe. 'sarva jagat Arya, susaMskRta asAve', azA bhoLyA bhAbaDyA AdarzavAdAta kiMvA cukIcyA dhAraNeta bha. mahAvIra muLIca nAhIta. jainAMce koNatehI tIrthaMkara azA bhramAta muLIca nAhIta kI AmhI upadeza dilA kI jagAta jAdUcyA kAMDIsArakhe sarvatra sukhada, zAMtatAmaya vAtAvaraNa nirmANa hoIla va tase asateca tara deva-manuSya yA donaca gatI asatyA. naraka-tiryaMca yA durgati astitvAtaca nasatyA. anAdikALApAsUna mokSa jevaDhA satya Ahe tevaDhIca gunhegArIce he 12 AyAmahI AdhI, AtA va naMtarasuddhA satyaca rAhaNAra Aheta. sadvicAra jevaDhe khare tevaDheca durvicArasuddhA. gautama buddhAsArakhe 'sarvaM duHkhaM' azA dRSTIne jagAkaDe pAhaNe ThIka nAhI. cArvAkAsArakhe 'RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pivet' asehI jagAkaDe pAhaNe yogya nAhI, vaidikAMpramANe, 'duSTa khUpa jhAle mhaNUna avatAra gheUna tyAMce nivAraNa karaNehI zakya nAhI.' jaina paraMparenusAra jaga he sukha-duHkhAMce saMmizraNa Ahe va rAhaNAra. cAMgalyA-vAITa pravRttI AdhI hotyA va naMtarahI 158

Page #167
rAhaNAra. azA jagAce jase Ahe tase vAstavika svarUpa tIrthaMkara prakaTa karatAta, he tyAMce 'sarvajJatva' Ahe. sarvAMnA upadeza deNyAce kAmahI tIrthaMkara karatAta. paNa tarIhI kAhI jIva svata:madhye kAhIhI badala karata nAhIta. azA vyaktIMnA lagAma ghAlaNehI zakya nAhI. tyAMnAca jaina paribhASeta 'abhavI jIva' mhaTale Ahe. gunhyAMcI ekApekSA eka varacaDha rUpe sUtrakRtAMgAtIla yA adhyayanAta noMdavalI Aheta. satpravRttIMce mArgadarzanahI kele Ahe. koNatA mArga cokhALAyacA te vyaktIcyA vivekazaktIvara sopavale Ahe. tyAMcyA trikAladarzI prajJelA praNAma !!!

Page #168
(2) sUtrakRtAMgAta nirdiSTa 'pApazruta' arthAt maMtra, taMtra, adbhutavidyA vyAkhyAna : DaoN. sau. nalinI jozI zabdAMkana : DaoN. sau. anItA botharA 'insTaMTa'ce yuga Ahe. vicAra-vinimaya karAyalA veLa nAhI. saburI nAhI. svata:vara vizvAsa nAhI. adhika puruSArthahI karAyacA nAhI. yeNAr2yA pratikUla paristhitIzI ThAmapaNe laDhA deNyAce manobalahI nAhI. pariNAmasvarUpa mANUsa koNAcyA nA koNAcyA AhArI jAto va Apale AyuSya kIrtisaMpanna, ArogyasaMpanna, dhanasaMpanna va buddhisaMpanna banaviNyAce 'insTaMTa' upAya zodhato. __ jase - AjArI paDalo tara 'chU maMtara' kelyApramANe, koNA ekAcA maMtra, aMgArA, dhUpArA miLAlA kI tvarita taMdurusta hoNyAcI AzA ; garibI dUra karaNyAsAThI koNA ekA buvAkaDe jAto, ANi to mhaNato - thAMba re bAbA ! tujhyAvara koNItarI cAMgalIca karaNI kelI Ahe, tara mI tulA upAya deto ; kitIhI prayatna karUna dhaMdyAta yazaca miLata nasela tara dusar2yAMvaratI jAdU-ToNyAcA Aropa va to dUra karaNyAsAThI paLApaLa ; mUlabALa hota nasela tara devAlA sAkaDaM ghAlaNe va navasa mAgaNe ; gAya, baila i. prANI kharedI karAyace asatIla tara tyAMcyA zarIrAcyA lakSaNAvarUna va cihnAMvarUna tyAMnA tapAsUna gheNe, he ANi ase aneka upAya ApaNa AyuSyAta sukhI hoNyAsAThI karata asato va heca AjacyA samAjAce vAstava citra Ahe. ___ tyAceca paDasAda dUradarzanavarahI ApalyAlA disUna yetAta. burI najaroM se bacane ke lie, ghara-dukAna-kArakhAnoM ke vAstudoSa samApta karane ke lie, parIkSA meM acche guNa prApta ho isalie, nokarI tathA saMtAna kI unnati ke lie, vivAha meM Aye vighna dUra hone ke lie, patrikA meM rahe doSoM ko dUra karane ke lie, 160

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svAsthya meM AnevAle saMkaToM ko dUra karane ke lie, durghaTanA kA yoga Tala jAya isalie, Adi Adi sabhI saMkaToM ko bhagAne ke tathA saubhAgya ke rAste khojane I ke upAya hamAre pAsa haiM / to Ao ! - mahAlakSmI yaMtra, ziva-hanumAna mahAyoga yaMtra, navagraha yaMtra, najarasurakSA kavaca, kAlacakra, rAzibhaviSya i. dvArA Apake jIvana meM Aye sabhI vighna turaMta Tala jAyeMge / azA prakAre satata, vinAvyatyaya dUradarzanavara jAhirAtIMcA bhaDimAra hota asato. ApaNahI koNatyA nA koNatyA saMkaTAta aDakaleloca asato. tyAmuLe azA prakAracyA aneka taMtra, maMtra, vidyA ANi camatkArAMnI ApalaMhI DokaM bhAMbAvUna jAte. aihika sukhAsAThI ApaNahI AkarSita hoUna tyAcyA AhArI jAto va tyAcA Azraya gheto. sUtrakRtAMgAtIla 'kriyAsthAna' adhyayanAta azA prakAracyA vidyAMnA 'pApazruta' mhaTale Ahe. tethe 'pApazruta' kazAkazAlA mhaNAve yAcI barIca moThI yAdI dilI Ahe. jase strI-puruSa, pazu-pakSI yAMcI zubhAzubha lakSaNe sAMgaNAre zAstra; aSTamahAnimittazAstra; graha-nakSatra - tAre yAMce zAstra ; bhUzAstra; zakunazAstra; mohinIvidyA; tatkALa anartha karaNArI vidyA; roga nirmANa va roga dUra karaNyAce zAstra; bhUtabAdhA karaNyAce zAstra; dhULa, kesa, mAMsa, rakta i.cyA vRSTIce phaLa sAMgaNAre zAstra mhaNajeca 'kALyA jAdU'ce zAstra; zAbarI, drAviDI, gAMdhArI i. bhaugolika pradezAcyA nAvAvara AdhArita, pradezAnusArI vidyA; adRzya hoNyAcI vidyA. yA ANi yAsArakhyA aneka vidyA va zAstrAMce vivecana tethe dile Ahe. hA tyAkALacyA samAjAcA jaNU ArasAca Ahe. jyAarthI azA aneka vidyAMce va zAstrAMce varNana tethe Ale Ahe 161 --

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tyAarthI manAta prazna nirmANa hoto kI tyAkALI suddhA azA prakAracyA vidyA sAmAjika vAtAvaraNAta astitvAta hotyA kA ? pratyakSAta tyAcA vApara hota hotA kA ? tara uttara hokArAkaDeca jAte. phakta jainaca navheta tara bauddha va vaidika azA tinhI paraMparetIla aneka graMthAta vegavegaLyA vidyAMce varNana ADhaLate. atharvavedAta maMtra, taMtra vazIkaraNa, jAdUToNA, aMdhazraddhA yAMcA prabhAva asalelyA samAjAce citraNa ADhaLate. mhaNUnaca AraMbhI vaidikAMnI tIna vedAMnAca pavitra mAnale. atharvavedAlA 'lokaveda' ase saMbodhale. bauddha paraMparece kAlaparatve je cAra saMpradAya jhAle tyApaikI eka saMpradAya taMtra va maMtrAMcyA upAsanevaraca AdhArita hotA. jaina sAdhuAcAraviSayaka graMthAta Adarza tara asA Ahe kI, azA vidyAMcA upajIvikesAThI yA anya koNatyAhI kAraNAsAThI vApara karU naye. jara kelA tara pariNAmasvarUpa paralokAta ahita hoIla. mRtyunaMtara asurasaMbaMdhI kilviSa deva vhAla. tyAnaMtara puDhIla janmAta AMdhaLe, muke vhAla. ekaMdarItaca yA vidyA pApazruta Aheta va tyA tumhAlA pApI yonImadhye DhakalaNAr2yA vidyA Aheta. pAtaMjalayogasUtrAtIla 'vibhUtipAdA'ta siddhIMce varNana karatAnA tethe spaSTataH mhaTale Ahe kI - te samAdhAvupasargA vyutthAne siddhayaH / (pA.yoga 3.37) yAcAca artha asA kI azA siddhI, samAdhI prApta karaNyAta athavA jJAna prApta karaNyAta vighne Aheta, aDathaLA Aheta. yogasUtrAtIla varNilelyA yA siddhI yA aghorI nasUna kalyANakAraka Aheta tarIhI tyA tumacyA unnattIta bAdhA ANaNAra asalyAmuLe tyAMcyA niSedhAcAca sUra Ahe. mhaNajeca yA vidyA tumacyA AdhyAtmika pragatIta aDathaLA Aheta athavA tyAmuLe tumace adha:patana hoNAra Ahe ase spaSTa ullekha asatAnAhI vAstava kAhI vegaLeca Ahe. 162

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sAkSAt jaina AgamAMmadhye DokAvale asatA ase disate kI - bhagavatIsUtrAta tejolezyA va zItalezyecA vApara, aMtagaDasUtrAta yakSAne arjunAcyA zarIrAta kelelA praveza, chedasUtrAtIla sAdhUMcI aMtardhAna pAvaNyAcI athavA adRzya hoNyAcI vidyA, gautama gaNadharAMcyA aNimA, garimA i. aneka siddhI tathA kSIra i. labdhI, sanatkumAra cakravartIce svata:cyA thukIne aneka roga dUra hoNyAcA ullekha, sthUlibhadrAMnI ApalyA bahiNIMnA jJAnAcA camatkAra dAkhaviNyAsAThI ghetalele siMhAce rUpa, acalArANIne dRSTI phiravilI va mahAmArI roga dUra jhAlA ityAdI ityAdI --- itakeca navhe tara sarvaca kathAgraMtha vidyA-siddhI, adbhutatA va camatkArAMnI bharalele Aheta. bhaktAmarastotrAcI adbhutatA tara sarvajJAtaca Ahe. kuMdakuMdAcArya, kAlakAcArya, pAdaliptAcArya, khapuTAcArya, nAgArjunAcArya i. AcAryAMcyA caritrAta aneka adbhuta vidyAMcA nirdeza va itakeca navhe tara tyAMnI tyAcA pratyakSa upayogahI kelelA disUna yeto. 'kumArapAlapratibodha'sArakhyA graMthAta 'iMdrajAla' prayoga, aMtardhAna pAvaNyAcI vidyA, cAraNavidyA azA aneka vidyA ADhaLatAta. pratyakSa AgamAta va tyAnaMtaracyA aneka graMthAta pApazrutAtIla yA vidyAMcA va camatkArAMcA pratyakSAta kelelA vApara paNa, tyAcabarobara sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, AvazyakasUtra tathA AvazyakacUrNi i. graMthAta yAca vidyAMnA 'pApazruta' mhaNaNe ase duherI parasparavirUddha varNana kA ADhaLate ? Adarza tara dAkhavUna dilA Ahe kI yA vidyA zikUhI nayeta va pratyakSa tyAcA vAparahI karU naye. paraMtu vastusthitI yAcyA barobara viruddhaca disate. tara tyAcI kAraNamImAMsA deNyAcA prayatna kelA Ahe - 163

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* jaina paraMparetIla Akara graMtha mhaNUna oLakhalyA jANAr2yA 'dRSTivAda' yA graMthAtaca azA aneka vidyAMcA samAveza hotA. camatkArI vidyA itara paraMpareta Aheta tara jaina paraMparetahI Aheta, he dAkhaviNyAsAThI. samAjAta Apale astitva TikavUna ThevaNyAsAThI. rAjadarabArAta ApalA prabhAva pADaNyAsAThI. sAmAjika dabAvAmuLe Apale zreSThatva siddha karaNyAsAThI. ____ aniSTa dUra karaNyAsAThI. prasaMgI janahitAsAThI. dharmaprabhAvanesAThI. kAhIhI aso, kAraNa koNatehI aso, yA vidyAMcA vApara Ama samAjAta cAlUca hotA. pApazrutAtIla yA vidyA samAjAta astitvAta hotyA. pratyakSa prasArAta hotyA, pracalita hotyA, tyAMcA abhyAsa hota hotA va pratyakSa upayogahI cAlU hotA. paNa tarIhI jaina AgamAta tyA zikAyalA va tyAcA pratyakSa vApara karAyalA virodha Ahe ANi mhaNUnaca - * dRSTivAda' nAvAcyA aMga AgamAta aneka prakAracyA vidyA, tyAce pratyakSa prayoga, tyAce vidhividhAna, te siddha karaNyAcI paddhatI i.ce jJAna hote va tyAmuLeca tyAcA lopa jhAlA asAvA kiMvA kelA asAvA. * jyA AcAryAMnI azA vidyAMcA vApara kelA tyAMce nAva 'naMdIsUtrA'tIla sthavirAvalImadhye nasUna 'prabhAvaka AcArya' mhaNUna tyAMnA noMdavile Ahe. 'ati tethe mAtI' yA uktInusAra ekadA kA yA vidyAMcA vApara surU jhAlA kI tyAcA atireka vhAyalA veLa lAgata nAhI. mhaNUna pApazruta vidyAMcA vApara karU naye ase nirdeza dilele disatAta. 164

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* laukika va tAtkAlika sukhAta na aDakatA, pAralaukika va AdhyAtmika pragatIta vighne na yeNyAsAThI yA pApazrutAcA niSedha asAvA. arthAtaca jainAMnI tattvajJAnAcI viziSTa baiThaka va zuddha AcArAcyA upadezAtUna vAmAcArAkaDe jhukaNyAcyA pravRttIlA yazasvIpaNe Avara ghAtalA. bauddhAMmadhye vAmAcAra va zithilAcAra yAMce pramANa jasajase vADhata gele tasatasA dahAvyA zatakAcyA AsapAsa bhAratAtUna bauddhadharma javaLajavaLa haddapAra jhAlA. hiMdUMcyA bAbatIta kAhI vegaLeca ghaDale. jaina ANi bauddha dharmAmadhye jAU pAhaNAr2yA striyAMnA va zUdrAMnA vratavaikalyAce va bhaktIce mArgadarzana karUna tyAMnA hiMdudharmAta rokhUna Thevale. sarva dharmAMnI ApApalyA parIne prayatna kele tarI azA vidyAMcA pagaDA kAyama Ahe. AjacyA ghaDIlA saMpUrNa samAjAcyA pariprekSyeta asAca duherIpaNA cAlU Ahe. pragatazIla vijJAnayugAta ekIkaDe ApaNa vijJAnAdvAre grahAMvara pohacata Ahota. vegavegaLyA jJAnazAkhA udayAlA yeta Aheta. nisargAcA taseca manuSyavastIcA zodha lAvaNyAcA prayatna cAlU Ahe. aMdhazraddhA nirmUlanAce kAma cAlU Ahe. paNa tarIhI aMdhazraddhecyA AhArI jANArA phAra moThA varga AjahI disato Ahe. mhaNajeca jainagraMthAtaca azI duherI va paraspavirodhI vacane nAhIta tara pratyakSa samAjAtahI teca cAlU Ahe kiMbahunA vADhata Ahe. manuSyaprANyAcA 'mAnasika kamakuvatapaNA' va 'dusar2yAcyA AhArI jANyAcI vRttI' yA dona goSTIMcA phAyadA sarva prasAramAdhyame gheta Aheta. tyAlA yatheccha khatapANI ghAlUna, aMdhazraddhecA vRkSa adhikAdhika phophAvaNyAsAThI prayatna karata Aheta. paNa tarIhI kALIjAdU, vyabhicAra, hiMsA yAvara AdhArita jyA vidyA Aheta tyAMcyA atirekAvara lagAma lAgela, asA AzAvAda nakkIca ThevU yA !!! 165

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(3) AjacI jaina jIvanapaddhatI va vanaspatisRSTI vyAkhyAna : DaoN. nalinI jozI zabdAMkana : DaoN. anItA botharA sUtrakRtAMgAcyA dusar2yA zrutaskaMdhAtIla tisar2yA adhyayanAce nAva Ahe 'AhAraparijJA'. vizvAtIla sarva jIvajAtI koNakoNatyA prakAracA AhAra ghetAta te yA adhyayanAta vistArAne sAMgitale Ahe. ekeMdriyAMpAsUna suravAta kelI asalI tarI vanaspatisRSTIcA vicAra sarvAta prathama kelA Ahe. adhyayanAce ekaMdara pratipAdya pahAta asatAnA, adhyayanAcyA prastAvanecyA nimittAne je vicAramaMthana jhAle, tyAcA sArAMza yA lekhAta prastuta kelA Ahe. AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama i. ardhamAgadhI prAkRta graMthAta va mUlAcAra, gommaTasAra ( jIvakAMDa) i. zaurasenI graMthAta vanaspatIMce vivecana sUkSmatene va vistArAne ADhaLate. vanaspatIMnA ekeMdriya jIva mAnalyAmuLe, vanaspatIMkaDe pAhaNyAcI dRSTIca atizaya bhAvanAtmaka Ahe. vanaspatIMcA gati, jAti, yoni, liMga, janma, iMdriya, zarIra i. aneka dRSTIMnI, kholavara vicAra kelA Ahe ANi mhaNUnaca vanaspatIMkaDe pAhatAnA hiMsA-ahiMsecI dRSTI keMdrasthAnI ThevalI Ahe. 'sarvajIvasamAnatAvAda' yA tattvAnusAra, 'vanaspatI kaniSTha va manuSya zreSTha' asehI pAhaNyAcI jainAMcI dRSTI nAhI. pariNAmI AcArAMgAta vanaspatI va manuSyAMcI tulanA karUna doghAMnA samAna pAtaLIvara ANUna Thevale Ahe. 'jIvo jIvasya jIvanam' va 'parasparopagraho jIvanAm' yA sUtrAMnusAra nisargAtIla pratyeka jIva dusar2yA jIvAcyA AdhArAvara jagata asato. jagaNyAsAThI pratyeka jIvAlA koNatA nA koNatA AhAra ghyAvAca lAgato. jaina paraMpareta mAMsAhAra tara 166

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sarvathA niSiddhaca mAnalA Ahe va zAkAhArAtahI aneka niyama taseca maryAdA sAMgitalyA Aheta. zAkAhAra mhaNaje vanaspatisRSTIcA AhAra. dainaMdina vyavahArAta va svayaMpAkagharAta vanaspatIMcyA chedana - bhedanAzivAya Apale koNatehI kAma hota nAhI. tarIhI kAMde, baTATe i. kaMdamuLAMcA tyAga, moDa AlelyA kaDadhAnyAMcA tyAga, bahujIvI vanaspatIMcA tyAga, pAlebhAjyAMcA tyAga azAprakAre dhArmika dRSTIne tyAga karaNyAce jaina samAjAta pracalanahI Ahe. mhaNajeca vanaspatIMcA upayoga karatAnA atizaya sAvadhAnatecA izArA tara Aheca zivAya maryAdAhI karaNyAsa sAMgitalyA Aheta. 'vanaspatIMmadhIla caitanya' yA dRSTIne maryAdecyA rUpAne tyAMcyA rakSaNAcI asalelI dRSTI, hI eka bAjU jhAlI. paraMtu phakta rakSaNaca karUna cAlela kAya ? hA vicAraNIya muddA Ahe. kAraNa rakSaNa karAyace mhaTale tara kitIhI kamI khAyace Tharavile tarI AhArAzivAya ApaNa jivaMta rAhU zakata nAhI. vanaspatIMcA upayoga tara pratidina cAlUca Ahe ANi mhaNUnaca vanaspatIMcyA sarva jAtI-prajAtI TikavUna ThevaNyAsAThI saMrakSaNAbarobara saMvardhanahI titakeca mahattvAce Tharate. bha. RSabhadevAMcA jIvanakALa cAlU hotA. avasarpiNI kALAtIla tisarA 'suSamA-duSamA' ArA surU hotA. hAsakALa surU jhAlA hotA. kalpavRkSAce vaibhava kSINa jhAle hote. mhaNajeca sAmAnya bhASeta ApaNa ase mhaNU zakato kI, ApalyA garajA nisargAtUna, jyA agadI sahaja pUrNa hota hotyA tyA AtA hoInAzA jhAlyA. tyAmuLe Ahe tyA nisargAvara kAma bhAgavaNyAce divasa saMpale. mhaNajeca navanirmitIce divasa Ale. mhaNUna RSabhadevAMnI vRkSAMcI lAgavaDa kazI karAvI, zetI kazI karAvI, anna kase banavAve, vyApAra kasA karAvA, vastre kazI 167

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banavAvIta i. aneka jIvanopayogI sAdhanAMcA kriyAtmaka upadeza dilA. mhaNajeca RSabhadevAMcyA caritrAtUna ApalyAlA asAca saMdeza miLato kI jara nisargAce vaibhava kSINa hota asela tara ApaNa te prayatnapUrvaka vADhavile pAhije. 'jJAtAdharmakathA' yA ardhamAgadhI AgamAtIla 'rohiNI' adhyayanAta, rohiNIsArakhyA ekA kartavyadakSa strIne, sAsar2yAne dilelyA pAca tAMdaLAcyA akSadA mAherI pAThavilyA. pAcaca tAMdaLAMcI zetI karaNyAsa sAMgitalI. puna:punhA peraNI karavilI. pAca varSAMnI tyA pAca akSadAMce aneka gADyA bharUna tAMdULa nirmANa jhAle. tyAThikANI bhAtazetIce suMdara varNanahI ADhaLate. mhaNajeca yA katheta bha. mahAvIrAMcA saMdeza kevaLa saMrakSaNAcA nasUna saMvardhanAcAhI Ahe. puDhe yAca graMthAta pravAsAdaramyAna jAtA-yetA vizrAMtI gheNyAsAThI 'naMdamaNikArA'ne eka ramya vanakhaMDa va puSkariNIhI nirmANa kelyAce ullekha ADhaLatAta. 'upAsakadazA' AgamAta 'AnaMda' nAvAcA vaizya zrAvaka rahAta hotA. tyAcyAkaDe 40,000 gAyIMce gokuLa va 500 nAMgarAMnI hoNArI zetI hotI. khar2yA arthAne to zetI, pazupAlana va vyApAra karaNArA vaizya hotA. bha. mahAvIra svataH aneka udyAnAta utarata asata. azA prakAracyA sarva ullekhAMvarUna nisarga samRddha karaNyAceca saMketa ADhaLatAta. arthAtaca jasajase nisargAce vaibhava kamI kamI hota jAIla tasatase mANasAne tyAce rakSaNa va saMvardhana prayatnapUrvaka va vicArapUrvaka kele pAhije asA bodha bha. RSabhadevAMcyA caritrAtUna va mahAvIravANItUna ApalyAlA miLato. paNa pratyakSa jainAMcA AcAra kAhI vegaLAca Ahe. jainagraMthAta vanaspatIMce varNana kitIhI acUka asale tarI mahAbhAratAtIla (zAMtiparva) varNanApramANe - 'vRkSa he Amace mitra Aheta, putra Aheta. te vAtAvaraNa zuddha ThevatAta. tyAMnA ApaNa vADhavile pAhije', ase spaSTa AdezAtmaka saMketa 168

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jainavAGmayAta miLata nAhIta. pratyakSAta jainAMcI ekaMdara dRSTIca azI disate kI vRkSAMcyA javaLa jAU nakA, tyAMnA toDU nakA, tyAMnA hAta lAvU nakA, tyAMcA vApara karU nakA - jainAMcA vanaspatIMkaDe pAhaNyAcA dRSTikoNa asA kA asAvA yAcI kAraNamImAMsA zodhaNyAcA prayatna karU. jaina paraMparA eka 'zramaNa paraMparA' mhaNUna prasiddha Ahe. saMnyAsa ANi nivRttIlA prAdhAnya deNArA sAdhudharma tyAta mukhyatve karUna sAMgitalA Ahe. AjUbAjUcA sarva nisarga, caitanyamaya jIvAMnI bharalelA asalyAmuLe tyAtIla ghaTakAMcA kamIta kamI vApara kelA pAhije, he ahiMsAmaya sAdhudharmAce mukhya maMtavya Ahe. sAdhudharmAcyA joDIjoDIneca zrAvakadharmAcIhI vADha jhAlI. tI mukhyataH sAdhuvargAneca kelyAmuLe sAhajikaca sAdhudharmAtIla nakArAtmakatA tyAta pratibiMbita hota rAhilI. zrAvakAMnIsuddhA tyAceca grahaNa karUna, ApalyA adhika vicArAMnI vartaNukIce navanavIna niyama zodhale. nakArAtmakatA, bacAvAcI dRSTI va kamIta kamI vApara he sAdhuAcArAzI susaMgata asale tarI, zrAvakAcyA jIvanadhyeyAzI te titakese susaMgata Tharata nAhI. samajA eka cAMgale vADhalele zAkAhArI jevaNa ekhAdyA jainetarAsamora Thevale tara to namaskAra karUna mhaNela, 'anna he pUrNabrahma'. AnaMdAne tyA annAce bhakSaNahI karela. yAulaTa jaina mANasAsamora Thevale tara pratyeka padArthAviSayI zaMkA, saMzaya va cikitsA yAMnI tyAcyA manAta kAhUra mAjela. khAve kI khAU naye yA saMbhramAta to paDela. ekAca annAkaDe pAhaNyAce kitI parasparavirodhI dRSTikoNa Aheta he ! pariNAmasvarUpa piDhyAnpiDhyA jaina samAjAlA vanaspatI va prANisRSTIcI sAdhI mAhitI suddhA nAhI. koNatehI jhADa, pAna, phUla, phaLa, pazu, pakSI sahajI te oLakhU zakata nAhIta. kAraNa jhADe lAvaNe, jhADAMcyA javaLa jANe, pakSInirIkSaNa 169

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karaNe he tyAMcyA gAvIca nAhI. pariNAmI jAgarUka rahANyAaivajI nakArAtmaka dRSTIca vADhIsa lAgalI. AcArAMgAsArakhyA ardhamAgadhI AgamAta dara kSaNAlA sajIvasRSTIkaDe pAhaNyAsa sAMgitale Ahe. saMvedanazIla rAhaNyAsa sAMgitale Ahe. AjUbAjUcyA nisargAtIla pRthvI, ap, teja, vAyU, vanaspatI i. ekeMdriya jIvaca navhe tara saMpUrNa jIvAMcyA prANirakSeviSayI jAgarUka va apramatta rAhaNyAcA saMdeza dilA Ahe. jara ApaNa tyAMcyAkaDe sArakhe pApAtmaka dRSTIne pAhU tara tyAMcyA javaLa jANe, tyAMce ApalyA mulAbALAMpramANe saMgopana karaNe, tyAMcyAvara prema karaNe, yA bhAvanA kazA vADhIsa lAgatIla ? ___ vanaspatIMnA ijA hoIla, tyAMnA dukhApata hoIla mhaNUna ApalA vApara tara thAMbata nAhI nA ? japA mhaNaje kAya ? kamI vAparA mhaNaje kAya ? aparigrahAcA kharA artha kAya ? - jara ApaNa upayoga karato tara azAprakArace kAtaDI bacAvU' dhoraNa kAya kAmAce ? ulaTa vaMzasAtatya TikavUna ThevaNyAcI icchA asalelyA pratyeka manuSyAne vanaspatIMce saMrakSaNa va saMvardhana ApalyA mulAbALAMpramANe keleca pAhije. pratyeka jainAce kartavya Ahe kI - ApalyA gharAsamora eka choTIzI kA hoInA 'bAga' asAvI jyAmuLe ApalyA gharAtIla sarva olA kacarA mAtIta TAkUna tyAce khata nirmANa hoIla. (hI jainadRSTIne 'pariSThApanA samiti' Ahe.) pANyAlAhI apkAyika jIva mAnaNAr2yA jainAMnI, nisargataH pAvasAcyA rUpAne miLaNAre pANI "rainwater harvesting" cyA rUpAne upayogAta ANale pAhije. 170

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3) sUryApAsUna miLaNAr2yA uSNatecA 'solara' basavUna upayoga kelA pAhije jyAmuLe vijecI bacata arthAtaca agnikAyika jIvAMce ANi paryAyAne apkAyika jIvAMcehI saMrakSaNa hoIla. 4) zakyato naisargika va kRtrima donhI phulAMcA vApara karU naye. TALatA ye asela tara TALA. kRtrima phulAMcA vApara tara muLIca karU nakA. kAraNa tyAMnA nisargAta punhA jiravatA yeNAra nAhI. rAsAyanika prakriyedvArA tyAMcI nirmitI hota asalyAmuLe paryAvaraNAlA te adhikaca ghAtaka Aheta. 5) dAnAMmadhye agresara asaNAr2yA va saMpUrNa prANirakSeviSayI jAgarUka asaNAr2yA jainAMnI phakta maMdira, mUrti, tIrthayAtrA, gorakSaNa i. dAnAMbarobaraca, sarva dAnAta zreSTha 'abhayadAna', tyAce mahattva lakSAta gheUna 'abhayAraNyA'sArakhyA prakalpAMnA nidhI puravilA pAhije. navyA piDhImadhye hI jAgRtI nirmANa jhAlI Ahe. tyA piDhIcI nIrasa jagaNyAcI vRttI nAhI. jyAcA ApaNa upayoga karato, tyAcyA nirmitIpAsUna palAyana karaNyAcA tyAMcA svabhAva nAhI. tara ApaNahI ApalyA niSedhAtmaka dRSTIlA dUra karUna sakArAtmaka dRSTIce nave vaLaNa deU yA. 'paryAvaraNarakSaNAlA anukUla dharma', ApaNa khar2yA arthAne pratyakSAta ANU yA. jainadharmAcyA hRdayAzI susaMgata vAgU yA. atireka tara nakkIca TALU yA. "ecofriendly', "biodiversity' ase phakta zAbdika upayoga na karatA, khar2yA arthAne nisargAcyA javaLa jAU yA. nisargAcA AnaMda gheU yA. kartavyadakSa rAhU yA. jhADAMcyA javaLa ApaNa jANe yAcA artha phakta jhADAMcA AnaMda va oNksijana gheNe evaDhAca navhe tara mI je ni:zvAsa 171

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TAkate te kharokharaca jhADAMnAhI titakeca jIvanadAyI Aheta, azIhI dRSTI ThevU yA. ApalyA saMrakSaNarUpI jamecyA bhakkama bAjUbarobaraca, saMvardhanAcI durbala bAjU lakSAta gheUna, tilA sakSama banaviNyAsAThI bha. RSabhadevAMcA kriyAtmaka Adarza samora ThevU yA va 'AdhI-adhUrI' bAjUhI paripUrNa karU yA. eka sAmAjika caLavaLa yA svarUpAta AtA 'RSabha bhagavAna vRkSa lAgavaDa yojanA' khar2yA arthAne ApalIzI karUna pratyakSAta ANU yA. 172

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(4) sUtrakRtAMgAtIla vanaspatisRSTI va sadya:sthitI vyAkhyAna : DaoN. nalinI jozI zabdAMkana : DaoN. anItA botharA sUtrakRtAMgAtIla 'AhAraparijJA' adhyayanAta ekeMdriyAMpAsUna te paMceMdriya jIvAMcyA AhArAsaMbaMdhIcI carcA Ahe. tyAtahI itara cAra ekeMdriyAMcyA tulanene vanaspatI yA bar2yAca pramANAta dRzya va mUrta svarUpAta asalyAne va mAnavAMcyA dRSTIne tyA atizaya upayukta asalyAne, vanaspatIMcA vicAra sarvAta prathama va adhika vistArAne kelA Ahe. vanaspatIMcI utpattI, vADha va sajIvatA nirIkSaNa karaNyAjogI Ahe. mAnavI zarIrApramANe tyAMcyAtIla badalahI ApalyA pratyayAsa yetAta va mhaNUnaca jainagraMthAta vanaspativicAra adhika sakholapaNe va sUkSmapaNe kelelA disato. sUtrakRtAMgAta vanaspatIMcyA tIna 'yoni' sAMgitalyA Aheta. yoni mhaNaje vanaspatIMce utpattIsthAna. 1) pRthvIyonika vanaspatI : kAhI vanaspatIMcA AdhAra kiMvA yoni pRthvI asate. pRthvIcyA AdhArAne vanaspatIMcI utpattI hote. sarva prakAracI phaLajhADe, sUkSma azA kuza gavatApAsUna te bAMbUsArakhyA sthUla gavatAce sarva prakAra, Ayurvedika sarva auSadhI vanaspatI va dhAnye, jaminIlagata vADhaNAre zevALa i. choTyA prajAtI va gulma, guccha i. jhuDapAMce sarva prakAra 'pRthvIyonika vanaspatI' Aheta. 2) udakayonika vanaspatI : pANyAta rAhaNAr2yA, pANyAtUnaca AhAra gheNAr2yA va pANyAtaca vADhaNAr2yA vanaspatI 'udakayonika vanaspatI' hota. avaka, 173

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panaka, zaivAla, kalambUka, haDa, kaseruka i. udakayonika vanaspatI Aheta. DisakavharImadhye athavA pANyAkhAlIla saphArIta, azA prakAracyA vanaspatIMce eka adbhuta vizvaca pahAvayAsa miLate. jitakI vividhatA pRthvIvara nAhI tyAhUna adhika vividhatA pANyAkhAlI pahAvayAsa miLate. jevaDhe raMgAMce vaividhya dRzya jagAta Ahe tyAhUna anekavidha prakAracyA khaDakAMce raMga va vanaspatIMce raMga pANyAkhAlI pahAvayAsa miLatAta. jainagraMthAta noMdavilelyA tAMduLAcyA AkArAcyA choTyA mAzyApAsUna mahAkAya matsyAparyaMtacyA sarva jAtI pANyAkhAlIca pahAvayAsa miLatAta. itake vaicitrya samudrAcyA poTAta Ahe. vanaspatIMcI vividhatAhI Ahe va tyAMcyA AhArAce varNanahI sUtrakRtAMgAta kele Ahe. pANyAkhAlIla vizva kAhI gUDhaca Ahe. 3) vanaspatiyonika vanaspatI : vanaspatiyonika vanaspatI mhaNaje, 'eka vanaspatI dusar2yA vanaspatIce utpattisthAna asaNe.' khoDa, phAMdyA, pAne, phule, pravALa, kATe, ture i. sarva ekA mukhya vanaspatI jIvAce adhyAroha Aheta. mhaNaje tyA vanaspatIcyA AdhArAne vADhaNAre Aheta. mukhya jhADAcA jIva eka asalA tarI tI vanaspatI jevhA svataHlA vegavegaLyA rUpAta rUpAMtarita karate tevhA khoDa, phAMdyA i. suddhA vegavegaLe svataMtra - svataMtra jIva hotAta. mANUsa ekaca asalA tarI tyAcyA kesa, tvacA, hADe, mAMsa, rakta i. sarva avayavAMcyA pezIMcI mULa racanA vegavegaLI asate. tyAcapramANe vanaspatizAstrAcyA dRSTInehI khoDa, pAna i. cyA pezI vegavegaLyA asatAta. yAca arthAne pratyeka pAnA-phulAcA jIva vegaLA asato ase jainazAstra mhaNate. bAgakAma karatAnA lakSAta Alele vizeSa nirIkSaNa yethe noMdavAvese 174

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vATate. jAsvaMdIcyA phulAMce divasa hote. nirIkSaNAnaMtara ase lakSAta Ale kI, phAMdIlA 1-2 phule yeNAra asatIla tara 10-12 pAne gaLUnaca paDatAta. phule yeNyAsAThI pAnAMnA ApalA prANa tyAga karAvA lAgato. 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' yA jainagraMthAta namUda kelelyA sUtrApramANe pratyeka jIva dusar2yA jIvAlA koNatyA nA koNatyA prakAre upayogI paDataca asato. vizeSa mhaNaje phAMdIlA jyA kramAne pAne yetAta, tyA kramAne gaLata nAhIta. anubhava asA Ahe kI, kityekadA jUna pAna taseca rAhate va navIna, choTe, kovaLe pAna gaLUna jAte. tyAarthI jainagraMthAta sAMgitalyApramANe pratyeka pAnAta svataMtra jIva Ahe va tyAmuLe pratyeka pAnAcA jIvanakALahI tyAcyA tyAcyA AyuSyakarmAnusAra vegavegaLA Ahe. mhaNUnaca pratyeka pAnA-phulAlA vegavegaLyA prakAre karmasiddhAMta lAgU hoto. pratyeka jhADAce jIvanacakra vegaLe asate. pratyeka jhADAcI pAnagaLatI vegaLI asate. paddhata vegaLI, veLa vegaLI, krama vegaLA va gaLaNAr2yA pAnAMcI saMkhyAhI vegaLI. ciMca, AvaLA i. saMyukta pAne asaNAr2yA jhADAMcI pAne saMpUrNapaNe gaLatAta. jhADa agadI kharATyAsArakhe hote. kAhIMcI pAnagaLa varSabhara cAlU asate tara kAhIMcI RtunusAra. bAMbUcyA jhADAlA 10-12 varSAtUna eka phUla yete va phUla Ale tara bAMbUce jhADa haLUhaLU naSTa hote. sRSTi nirIkSaNAvara AdhArita asalelyA jainagraMthAta (dazavaikAlikAta) avinayI ziSya, gurukaDe aneka varSa zikUnahI svata:cyA durguNAmuLe, svata:cyAca vinAzAsa kasA kAraNIbhUta hoto he bAMbUcyA udAharaNAdvAre sAMgitale Ahe. 175

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pratyeka mANasAcA svabhAva jasA bhinna-bhinna asato, tasA pratyeka jhADAcA svabhAvahI vegavegaLA asato. jAtInusAra pratyeka jhADAce vegaLepaNa tara asateca paNa tyAtahI ekA jhADAce eka phUla, tyAca jhADAcyA dusar2yA phulApramANe nasate. vaMzasAtatya TikavUna ThevaNyAsAThI jazI mANase dhaDapaDa karata asatAta, vegavegaLyA pragata vijJAnAcA Azraya ghetAta, tazyA vanaspatIsuddhA he sarva nisargata: karata asatAta. keLIcyA jhADAcyA bAbatIta keLyAMcA ghaDa ekadA kA yeUna gelA kI puna:punhA yeta nAhI. paNa tyAca jhADAlA 'ApalI prajAtI TikavUna ThevaNe' yA svayaMpreraNene, khAlUna navIna koMba phuTalyAvaraca AdhIce jhADa haLUhaLU saMpate va navIna vADhIsa lAgate. vanaspatizAstrAcyA dRSTIne velIMnIsuddhA koTyavadhI varSAta ApalyAta aneka badala kele Aheta. svasaMrakSaNAsAThI va svaastitvAsAThI aneka bAhyaparivartane kelI Aheta. jaina dRSTIne yA badalAMnA paryAyabadala ase mhaNatA yeIla. 'baTATA, ratALe i. vanaspatI jaminIkhAlI kA yetAta ?' yAcI carcA vanaspatizAstrAcyA jANakArAMzI kelI asatA, tyAMce mhaNaNe puDhIlapramANe Ale. te mhaNatAta kI, baTATyAsArakhyA kaMdAMnA Apale vaMzasAtatya TikavUna ThevaNyAsAThI, tyAmadhye asalelA adhika annAcA sAThA kityeka divasa jaminIkhAlI tasAca surakSita ThevatA yeto. tyAMnI svata:sAThI tayAra kelele anna jaminIkhAlI surakSita rAhate ANi mhaNUnaca tyAMnI svata:sAThI banavilele anna ApaNa gheU naye, ghetalyAsa tI corI hoIla, azAhI ekA vegaLyA nirIkSaNazaktIcyA AdhAre bha. mahAvIrAMnI 176

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tyA vanaspatIMkaDe pAhile asAve. dusarA dRSTikoNa asA asAvA kI, tyA kALI tApasavarga jaMgalAta rahAta hotA va kaMdamuLe khAUnaca tyAMcA jIvananirvAha hota hotA. atirikta vAparAmuLehI tyA prajAtI naSTa na hoNyAcyA dRSTIne, tyAMcyA vAparAcA niSedha kelA asAvA. mhaNajeca 'kaMdamuLe anaMtakAyika vanaspatI Aheta mhaNUna tyA khAU nayeta' yA dRSTikonAbarobaraca bha. mahAvIrAMcyA anekAMtavAdI dRSTikonAmuLe, pratyeka goSTIkaDe pAhaNyAce, vicAra karaNyAce aneka pailU, vividha AyAma ApalyAlA sahajI upalabdha jhAle Aheta. vanaspatiyonika vanaspatI athavA adhyAroha vanaspatI yAMcA AtAcyA pariprekSyAta ApaNa vegaLA artha lAvU zakato. jase bAMDagULa - ekhAdyA jhADAcyA moThyA khoDAta khaLagA tayAra hoUna tyAta sUkSma bIje paDatAta. jase vaDAcyA jhADAta piMpaLAcI AlelI phAMdI athavA piMpaLAcyA jhADAta vaDAcI AlelI phAMdI. azA prakAre naisargikarityA tayAra jhAlelyA azA vanaspatIMnA pAhUnaca bAgakAma zAstrajJAMnI kalamI vanaspatI vikasita kelyA asAvyAta. sajAtIya vanaspatI athavA samAna guNadharma asalelyA vanaspatI gheUna, jeneTika saMyoga ghaDavUna 'kalama'paddhatI nirmANa kelI. paraMtu duSpariNAma asA Ahe kI kalamI vanaspatI yA parata phAMdI lAvUna yeta nAhIta. lAvaleca tara jhADa yeIla, aphATa vegAne vADhelahI paNa punhA phule, phaLe i. kAhIhI yeNAra nAhIta. AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, dazavaikAlika i. jainagraMthAta vanaspatIMce agrabIja (jase agrabhAgI yeNAr2yA kaNasAtUna tayAra hoNArI dhAnye), mUlabIja (mULa heca jyAMce bIja arthAt sarva prakAracI kaMdamuLe), parvabIja (peravAlyA 177

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vanaspatI jase Usa i.), skaMdhabIja (phAMdI lAvUna yeNAr2yA vanaspatI) azAhI prakAre vargIkaraNa kelele disate. agrabIjAta gahU, jvArI, bAjarI, tAMdULa, makA i. sarva prakAracyA dhAnyAMcA samAveza hoto. jhADAvara pikUna, pUrNavADha hoUna, khAlI paDaNAr2yA avastheta tyAMcI toDaNI hote. paripakva avastheta tayAra jhAlele asalyAmuLe jaina va jainetara, hyAMcA mukhya anna mhaNUna svIkAra karatAta. tarIhI 'pratyekAta jIva Ahe', he gRhIta tathya taseca kAyama rAhate. ekaMdarIta kAya, kAhIMce bI lAvUna, kAhIMce khoDa lAvUna, kAhIMcyA phAMdyA lAvUna tara kAhIMcI muLe lAvUna jainazAstrAta varNilyApramANe AjahI pratyakSAta, azA vividha mArgAMnI jhADAMcI pratirUpe tayAra kelI jAtAta. zetIviSayaka sadyaparisthitI azI Ahe kI 'bI.TI.biyANe' hA bAjArAta yeNArA atizaya bhayaMkara prakAra Ahe. te bI ANUna lAvale tara ekadAca ugavate. tyApAsUna tayAra jhAlele bI punhA lAvale tara jhADe yetIla paNa phule, phaLe yeNAra nAhIta. tyA bImadhye evaDheca jins Thevalele asatAta kI tyApAsUna ekadAca utpAdana hoU zakela. alIkaDacyA 10-15 varSAta yAcI jhApATyAne vADha hota Ahe. vyApArI vargAcI maktedArI jhAlI Ahe. pUrvI zetakarI svata:ce eka pote, bI-biyANe mhaNUna, puDhIla peraNIsAThI japUna ThevAyace, te sarva AtA saMpuSTAta Ale Ahe. tumace tumhAlA utpannaca karatA yeNAra nAhI azI paristhitI nirmANa jhAlI Ahe. parAvalaMbana vADhata cAlale Ahe. 'gAvarAna bI' punhA peraNI kelyAnaMtara ugavata hote paNa te AkArAne lahAna va pramANahI kamI hote. jase ApaNa gharacyA gharI dhane gheUna, thoDe 178

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ragaDUna, jaminIta TAkAyaco tara kothiMbIra sahajI yeta hotI. paNa AtA te divasa saMpale. pragata zAstrajJa sarva prayoga biyAMvara karaNyAta vyasta Aheta. pragata jAta tayAra karaNyAsAThI, AkAra vADhaviNyAsAThI va pramANa vADhaviNyAsAThI vegavegaLyA rasAyanAMcA va auSadhAMcA vApara cAlU Ahe. hA badala jhapATyAne hota cAlalA Ahe. prayogAdvAre azI kAhI bI-biyANe banavitAta kI tyAMcyAkaDUna vikata gheNyAzivAya paryAyaca urata nAhI. naisargika paddhatIcA laya hoUna kRtrimatA AlI Ahe. TizyUkalcarane tayAra kelelI jhADehI prayogazALeta kRtrima paddhatIne vADhavitAta. ekhAdI bArIkazI pezI lAvUna, tApamAna niyaMtrita karUna, saMrakSita azA avastheta tyAMnA ThevAve lAgate. jazI ApalI nAjUka mule havAmAnAtIla badala sahana karU zakata nAhIta, agadI tazIca hI kalamI jhADe suddhA nAjUka asatAta. Una, vArA, pAUsa tyAMnA sahana hota nAhI. te alpAyuSI asatAta. AtA tisare sahasraka ujADale Ahe. vijJAnAce vAre jorajorAta sarva kSetrAta vahAta Aheta. navanavIna prayogAMnI praveza kelA Ahe. 'gharacyA gharI' hI saMkalpanA bhUtakALAta gelI Ahe. Adhunika saMzodhanAce duSpariNAma vanaspatisRSTIvarahI jhAle Aheta. jeneTik iMjiniara navanavIna saMzodhana karata Aheta. paraMtu zetakarI samAjAce zoSaNa hota cAlale Ahe. zetI hI saMpUrNata: nisargAvara avalaMbUna Ahe. pAUsa veLevara AlA nAhI tara pANI nAhI. pANI ghAlAyace mhaTale tara vIja nAhI. kRtrimarItIne tayAra kelelyA vanaspatI lavakara kiDatAta mhaNUna tyAMcyAsAThI jaMtunAzake vikata ANAvI lAgatAta. khatAMcA vApara karUna jaminI ujADa hota cAlalyA Aheta. jara 179

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pAUsa veLevara AlA nAhI tara eka pIka vAyA jAte. bAjArAta jAUna punhA mahAgaDI biyANe ANAvI lAgatAta. ThIka Ahe, bI ekaveLa vikata ANU paNa pANyAce kAya ? pANyAcyA aneka yojanA rAbavilyA jAta Aheta. paNa eka theMbahI zetakar2yAMparyaMta pohacata nAhI. azA cakravyUhAta zetakarI aDakale Aheta. pAraMparika paddhatIne zetI karaNe soDalyAmuLe zetakarI AtmahatyeparyaMta pohocale Aheta. tyAtUna suTakecA mArga nAhI. annadAtyA zetakar2yAcI hI bhISaNa va dayanIya avasthA Ahe. vanaspatIMcyA saMzodhanAce jhAlele he duSpariNAma Aheta. khAdya saMskRtIta ziralele he vijJAna, upayoga tara dUraca paNa nukasAna mAtra adhikAdhika hota Ahe. jaina darzanAta bArA bhAvanAMpaikI ' azaraNabhAvanA' aneka prakAre vyakta kelI jAte. Adhunika yugAtIla azaraNatecA hA eka navA prakAra AlA Ahe. annadAtyA zetakar2yAlA va anna khANAr2yA azA doghAMnAhI ekekALI te sukhAvaha hota hote. tyAtIla sarva satye kaLUna suddhA nAilAjAne khAve lAgata Ahe. mAjhyA hAtAta te sudhAraNyAcA kAhIhI upAya nAhI. hI tI navI 'asahAyatA' kiMvA 'azaraNatA'. 180

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(5) sUtrakRtAMgAtIla pratyAkhyAnAce svarUpa vyAkhyAna : DaoN. nalinI jozI zabdAMkana : DaoN. anItA botharA vaibhavalakSmIvrata, saMkaSTIvrata, maMgaLavAra, zukravAra i. aneka vrate jainetara samAjAta cAlU asatAta va tyAce paDasAda jaina samAjAvarahI paData asatAta. samAjAta ekamekAMcA ekamekAMvara prabhAva paData asato, he jarI satya asale tarI, vAstavikatA azI Ahe kI jainetara samAjAkaDUna jaina samAjAcI AdAnAcI arthAt grahaNAcI kriyA jitakyA pramANAta Ahe, titakyA pramANAta jainAMkaDUna gheNyAcI jainetarAMcI pratikriyA mAtra disUna yeta nAhI. jaina samAjAta jainetaravrate karaNyAce pramANa divaseMdivasa tara vADhata cAlale Ahe paNa tyAcabarobara upavAsa, pratyAkhyAna, niyama i. jainavrate karaNyAcI paraMparAhI cAlU Ahe. mahattvAcA prazna asA Ahe kI, koNatehI choTe-moThe vrata - niyama - pratyAkhyAna aso, te ApaNa kA karato ?, kazAsAThI karato ? va kase karato ? yAce jJAna asaNe mahattvAce Ahe. 'saMpUrNa karmabaMdhApAsUna muktatA', he jainadharmAce mukhya dhyeya Ahe. mhaNUnaca bhUtakALAtIla karmabaMdhApAsUna mukta hoNyAsAThI 'pratikramaNa' va bhaviSyakALAta karmabaMdha hoU naye mhaNUna 'pratyAkhyAna' he dona upAya jainadharmAta vAraMvAra nirdiSTa kele jAtAta. pratyAkhyAnAcA hA rAmabANa upAya jainadharmAzivAya vizvAtIla koNatyAhI dharmAne sAMgitalelA nAhI. bauddhadharmAta AtmA 'anAdi va nitya' mAnataca nAhIta. AtmA hA saMskAramaya va kSaNika asA mAnatAta. sAMkhya darzanAne 'prakRti' mhaNaje jaDa va 'puruSa' mhaNaje cetana azI dona tattve tara mAnalI Aheta paraMtu puruSa hA taTastha va sAkSI asUna 181

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tyAcyA adhyakSatekhAlI prakRtIca sadaiva kAryarata asate, ase sAMkhyadarzana mAnate. paraMtu jainadarzanAta mAtra AtmAca kartA arthAt karaNArA va bhoktA arthAt bhogaNArA Ahe. mhaNUna pratyAkhyAnAcA saMbaMdhahI AtmyAzIca Ahe... vyavahArAta ApaNa sahajI mhaNUna jAto kI - yAcA mAnasika nizcaya athavA manobala itake jabaradasta Ahe kI, ATha divasa, paMdharA divasa athavA mahinAbhara hA annapANyAcA tyAga karUna ArAmAta rAhU zakato. paraMtu bha. mahAvIrAMnI 'pratyAkhyAnakriyA' adhyayanAcA AraMbhaca asA kelA Ahe kI, 'AyA apaccakkhANI yAvi bhavati / ' saMsArI AtmA hA apratyAkhyAnI Ahe. mhaNaje pratyAkhyAnAcA va AtmyAcA saMbaMdha spaSTa zabdAta joDalA Ahe, manAcA nAhI. kAraNa jainadharmAne AtmyAta anaMtazaktI mAnalI Ahe. mhaNUna koNatAhI tyAga athavA pratyAkhyAna he Atmika baLAcyA AdhAre karAvayAce Ahe, manaHzaktIne nAhI. mana:zaktIpekSA AtmikazaktI hI anaMtapaTIne adhika Ahe. kiMbahunA AtmyAkaDUna manAkaDe va iMdriyAMkaDe zaktIcA srota puravilA jAto ANi mhaNUnaca jainadharma hA "AtmakeMdrI' Ahe. __ Aja pracalita jaina samAjAta 'pratyAkhyAna = AhArAcI niyamAvalI' azI dRDha dhAraNA prasthApita jhAlI Ahe. sUtrakRtAMgAcyA pratyAkhyAnakriyA yA adhyayanAta bha. mahAvIrAMnI AhArAceca pratyAkhyAna sAMgitale Ahe kA ? kI pratyAkhyAnakriyA ajUna vegaLyA dRSTIne prastuta kelI Ahe, tyAcA UhApoha ApaNa yA lekhAta karU. jainadharma hA bhAvazuddhIlA mahattva deNArA Ahe. tyAmuLe sAhajikaca pratyAkhyAna he kevaLa AhArAceca nasUna jIvAce krodha, abhimAna, chala, kapaTa, tRSNA i. je AMtarika doSa athavA durguNa Aheta, tyAMcyA pratyAkhyAnAlA yA adhyayanAta 182

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adhika mahattva dile Ahe. AMtarika doSAMcI, durguNAMcI athavA pApAMcI sthAne hI aTharA Aheta. yA aTharA pApasthAnAMnI sadaiva karmabaMdha hota asato mhaNUna pratyAkhyAna, 'aTharA pApasthAnAM'ce karaNyAsa sAMgitale Ahe. _ 'aTharA pApasthAna' hI zabdAvalI jaina tattvajJAnAta anekadA yete. arthAtaca aTharA pApasthAnAMnA prAcIna kALApAsUna atizaya mahattva Ahe. mhaNUnaca yA adhyayanAtahI saMpUrNa aTharA nAve na detA 'prANAtipAtApAsUna te mithyAdarzanazalyAparyaMta' azI zabdAvalI upayojita kelI Ahe. sarva pApasthAnAMcA tyAga karatAnA eka goSTa mAtra samAna Ahe, tI azI kI - hiMsA aso, asatya vacana aso kI corI aso, koNatIhI pApakriyA hI manAne, vacanAne va kAyene svataH karU naye, dusar2yAMkaDUna karavUna gheU naye va anumodanahI deU naye. aTharA pApasthAnAMvara ekaMdarItaca dRSTI TAkalI tara ase disUna yete kI, yA mAnavI svabhAvAta daDalelyA vegavegaLyA bhAvanA Aheta, aMta:pravRttI Aheta. prasaMgAnusAra tyA veLoveLI prakaTa hotAta. guNAMbarobara mANasAta avaguNahI aneka Aheta. jase - sahaja jAtA jAtA koNAlA dagaDa mAraNe (hiMsA), khoTe bolaNe (asatya), svata:cyA mAlakIcI vastU nasatAnA ucalaNe (corI), durAcAra (kuzIla), saMgrahavRttI (parigraha), krodha, abhimAna, kapaTa, lobha, manAsArakhe kAhI ghaDale kI AnaMdAcI bhAvanA (rati), ghaDale nAhI tara becainI (arati), saraLa saraLa toMDAvara bolaNyAce dhADasa nasela tara tyAMcyA aparokSa niMdA (paraparivAda), ekamekAta bhAMDaNe lAvaNyAcI va cugalI karaNyAcI vRttI (kalaha, paizunya), vyaktI kiMvA vastUcyA prati AsaktI (rAga) kiMvA ghRNA (dveSa), khoTA doSAropa (abhyAkhyAna), 'mI tyAtalA nAhIca' asA bhAsa nirmANa karaNyAsAThI kapaTapUrvaka khoTe bolaNe (mAyAmRSAvAda) i.i. paNa sarvAta ghAtaka ase pApasthAna mhaNaje 'mithyAdarzanazalya'. arthAt cukIcyA 183

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dhAraNA manAta sthira karaNe. yA bhrAMta dhAraNA vyAvahArika pAtaLIvara asota kI sAmAjika athavA kauTuMbika pAtaLIvara asota kI dhArmika athavA AdhyAtmika pAtaLIvara asota ; aneka bAbatIta, vividha kSetrAta azA cukIcyA dhAraNA ApaNa pasaravata asato. paraMtu pasaravaNAr2yA vyaktIlA ApaNa cukIce karata Ahota hI jANIvaca nasate. jANIva karUna dilI tara to mAnya karata nAhI. tAtparya ase kI, koNatyAhI cukIcyA dhAraNA kazA vADhaNAra nAhIta yAcI khabaradArI pratyekAne ghetalI pAhije. itakeca navhe tara itarAMcA dharma athavA darzana mhaNaje 'mithyAdarzana' asA dharmAne lAvalelA sAMpradAyikI va abhinivezI arthahI ApaNa lAvAyalA nako. cukIcyA mAnyatA svata: jopAsAyacyA nAhIta va dusar2yAlAhI khatapANI ghAlUna to viSavRkSa pasaravU dyAyacA nAhI. veLevArIca susaMvAdAdvAre tyA saMpavUna TAkAyacyA. ekaMdarItaca hI aTharA pApasthAne mhaNaje sarva saMsArI jIvAMcyA svAbhAvika pravRttIca Aheta. aMtarmanAta je je dRSTa vicAra ApaNa sAThavIta asato te aTharA pApasthAnAMcyA rUpAne prakaTa hota asatAta. mhaNUnaca ekaca vyaktI sabhA-saMmelanAta, kuTuMbAta va ekAMtAta vegavegaLI disate. khar2yA urmI, aMta:preraNA, durguNa prasaMgAnusAra bAhera paData asatAta. manuSyAcyA vyaktimatvAce dona stara ApalyAlA disatAta. 1) mana-vacana-kAyecyA sarva vaiziSTyAMsaha asalele tyAce bAhya vyaktimatva, AzravacittAne yukta ase AMtarika vyaktimatva. hI aTharA pApasthAne tyAcyA aMtarmanAta kitI saumya, madhyama va tIvra Aheta yAvarUna tyAcyA AMtarika vyaktimatvAcI oLakha hote. azA prakArace mAnasazAstrIya vizleSaNahI yA adhyayanAta pApasthAnAMcyA rUpAne Ale Ahe. AjacyA Adhunika jagAta Personality Development cyA AdhAre Apale 184 2)

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bAhya vyaktimatva sudhAraNyAsa madata hoIla paraMtu bha. mahAvIrAMnI aTharA pApasthAnAMcyA tyAgarUpAne AMtarika vyaktimatva sudhAraNyAcI gurukillI dilI Ahe. pratyeka saMsArI AtmA hA asat anuSThAnAta magna, cukIcyA dhAraNAMnI yukta, pakSapAtI, ajJAnAta guMga va besAvadha asato. azA paristhitIta ApalyA manAta zaMkA nirmANa hoIla kI azA prakAracA AtmA phakta manuSyAcAca asato kA ? tara tyAarthAne pApabaMdha phakta manuSyaca karatAta. itara apragata jIva, jyAMnA mana nAhI, bhASAjJAna nAhI, jhopa nAhI, svapna nAhI ase nigodI jIva pApabaMdha karataca nasAveta ! tyAce samAdhAna ase Ahe kI - sarva saMsArI jIva he SaTjIvanikAyAMcyA (arthAt pRthvI, pANI, agnI, vAyu, vanaspatI va trasajIva) saMparkAtaca asatAta. ekaTA jIva sarvAMpAsUna dUra, vegaLA rAhUca zakata nAhI. AhArAsAThI ekamekAMvara avalaMbUna asatAta. koNatyAhI jIvAce saMsArAta rAhaNe heca avratAce mhaNaje apratyAkhyAnAce kAraNa Ahe va toca baMdhAcA hetU Ahe. mhaNUna koNatIhI jANIva nasalelA nigodI jIva aso kiMvA paMceMdriya saMjJI (manasahita) manuSya aso, sarvAMnA pApabaMdha hotoca. apratyAkhyAnAne hoNAr2yA pApabaMdhApAsUna dUra rAhaNyAcA upAya mhaNaje pratyAkhyAna'. itara yonIMpekSA vicArazIla mAnavI yonIta pratyAkhyAnAcI sarvAdhika zakyatA va kSamatAhI Ahe va mhaNUnaca 'aTharA pApasthAnAMpAsUna virata rAhaNyAcA saMkalpa' yethe sAMgitalA Ahe. pratyakSa AcaraNAta pratyAkhyAnAce pAlana karaNyAsAThI sAdhUMcyA dRSTIne atyaMta prabhAvI upAya mhaNaje 'AtmatulA' arthAt 'AtmaupamyabhAva' sAMgitalA Ahe. ApalyA AtmyAsamAna dusar2yAcA AtmA Ahe, hI jANIva ThevUna hiMsA, zAsana, daMDa, kaSTa, paritApa koNAsahI karU nakA, deU nakA. mhaNUna mahAvrata, samiti, gupti i.cyA rUpAne sAdhudharmAta taseca choTe-moThe niyama gheUna, zapatha va zubha saMkalpAMcyA rUpAne gRhasthadharmAta pratyAkhyAnAzI joDalA Ahe. 185

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paNa pratyakSa jaina AcArAta mAtra pratyAkhyAna he prAyaH AhArAzIca saMbaMdhita ase disUna yete. paraMtu AhAra he tyAce phakta AMzika rUpa Ahe. pApasthAnAce je mULa kaSAya te dUra karaNe sarvAta mahattvAce Ahe. kAraNa cittAta ziralele kaSAya athavA vairabhAva dIrghakALa va kholavara rAhatAta. tyAMnA sahajI dUra karatA yeta nAhI. jase 'vALA' nAvAcyA gavatAcI sugaMdhita muLe ekamekAMta guMtalyAmuLe, sahajAsahajI pUrNa upaTalI jAta nAhIta. upaTatAnA sUkSma mULa jarI rAhile tarI punhA navanirmitI hote. tase kaSAya asatAta. nighUna gelyAvarahI sUkSmarUpAne jarI rAhile tarI nimitta miLatAca vADhIsa lAgatAta. mhaNUna kaSAyAMvara niyaMtraNa ThevatA Aleca pAhije. ApalyA cittavRttI azA pAtaLIvara asAvyAta kI kAhI aso kiMvA naso, ApalyA AtmyAcA Alekha hA ekasArakhA disalA pAhije. bAhya vastUMcI vyavasthApana paddhatI tara ApaNa zikataca asato paNa bha. mahAvIrAMnI aTharA pApasthAnAMcyA tyAgAcyA rUpAne AMtarika cittavRttIMcI vyavasthApana (management) paddhatI sAMgitalI Ahe. paristhitI, kALa, veLa, saMdhI, dRSTI i. pAhUna mhaNajeca pAribhASika bhASeta dravya-kSetra - kAla- la-bhAvAnusAra koNatyA veLI kazAlA mahattva dyAyace, te tumhIca TharavA. 'havA' hA jasA 'durAgraha' Ahe tasA 'nako' hAhI 'haThAgraha'ca Ahe. niyamAtale guMtavalepaNa va tyAne hoNAre anarthahI TALU yA. jIvana prasaMgAprasaMgAne sAdhepaNAne jagU yA. AjacyA vyavahArAta, tyA tyA avastheta, tyA tyA bhUmiketa, arthAt mulAMviSayI aso, kuTuMbAviSayI aso, svataH viSayI aso athavA dhArmikateviSayI aso, nemake kuThe thAMbale pAhije - yAce bhAna, yAcI jANIva mhaNaje pratyAkhyAna. jasA kariyaracA utkarSabiMdU asato, tasA thAMbaNyAcAhI utkarSabiMdU asAvA 986

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ANi mhaNUnaca saMlekhanA arthAt samAdhimaraNAcyA prasaMgIhI pratyAkhyAna dhAraNa karatAnA sarvaprathama aTharA pApasthAnAMcAca tyAga karaNyAcA nirdeza Ahe. kAraNa aTharA pApasthAnAMcyA tyAgAneca naitika va AdhyAtmika unnatI hoNAra Ahe, jI kevaLa AhAratyAgAne hoNAra nAhI. ___ ApaNa sarva jIvAMcyA saMparkAta rAhato va jagato. tyAmuLe sarva jIva arthAt SaDjIvanikAya, he apratyAkhyAnI jIvAlA jarI saMsArabhramaNAce hetU Tharata asatIla tarI pratyAkhyAnI jIvAlA teca SaDjIvanikAya mokSAce kAraNahI TharatAta. sUtrakRtAMgasUtrAcyA TIkAkArAMnI azA bhakkama AzAvAdAne pratyAkhyAnAsaMbaMdhIcyA vicArAMcA upasaMhAra kelA Ahe. 187

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(6) lepa gRhapati : eka Adarza zrAvaka -- saMgItA botharA sUtrakRtAMga yA dvitIya AgamagraMthAtIla dvitIya zrutaskaMdhAtIla 'nAlaMdIya' nAmaka 7 vyA adhyAyAta 'lepa' zrAvakAce varNana Ale Ahe. yA adhyayanAta gautama gaNadhara ANi pArzvApatyIya peDhAlaputra udaka yAMcyAtIla supratyAkhyAna ANi duSpratyAkhyAna yAcyA saMdarbhAtIla carcAsatrAce vistArapUrvaka varNana Ale Ahe. he carcAsatra 'lepa' gRhasthAcyA 'zeSadravyA' nAmaka udakazAleta jhAle. sUtrakRtAMgAcyA donhIhI zrutaskaMdhAta ekamAtra 'lepa' zrAvakAceca varNana ADhaLate. 'lepa' hA Adarza zramaNopAsaka hotA. rAjagRhAcyA 'nAlaMdA' nAmaka upanagarAtIla samRddhazAlI, tejasvI, vikhyAta asA hA 'lepa' zrAvaka. 12 vratAMcA dhAraka ANi tyAMce pAlana karaNArA ! AjadekhIla ApalyAsArakhyA zrAvakazrAvikAMcA Adarza Ahe. 'lepa' zrAvakAkaDe vipula pramANAta dhana, dhAnya, saMpattI tara hotIca zivAya vizAla ANi bahusaMkhya pramANAta bhavana, zayana, Asana, yAna, vAhana taseca dAsa, dAsI, gAyI, mhazI Adi hote. aneka loka miLUna dekhIla tyAcA parAbhava karU zakata navhate. to dhanopArjanAsa upayukta azA sarva upAyAMcA jJAtA ANi tyAMcA prayoga karaNyAta kuzala hotA. yAvarUna lakSAta yete kI, 'lepa' zrAvaka garbhazrImaMta, vyavahArakuzala, parAkramI, rojagAra upalabdha karUna deNArA, catura nAgarika hotA. yAcabarobara to jijJAsU ANi jJAnI dekhIla hotA. tyAlA jIva, ajIva yA tattvAMce paripUrNa jJAna hote. vastusvarUpAce yathArtha jJAna hote. nirgrathAMcyA pratI tyAcI atUTa zraddhA, vizvAsa 188

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hotA. dharma tyAcyA hADAmAsAta bhinalelA hotA. to samoracyA prativAdIsa dekhIla 'nirgratha dharma satya Ahe', he vyavasthitarityA paTavUna deta hotA ANi tyAta sthira karIta hotA. vItarAga bhagavaMtAMcyA viSayI tyAcI zraddhA tyAcyA dharmadalAlItUna ANi jijJAsUvRttItUna disUna yete. tyAce yaza sarvatra pasaralele hote. tyAce hRdaya sphaTikAsamAna nirmala hote. rAjAcyA aMta:purAta dekhIla tyAlA pratibaMdha navhatA. yAvarUna to kitI zuddha cAritryAcA hotA he pratibiMbita hote. sarva sukhasoyIMnI yukta asalelI tyAcI 'zeSadravyA' nAvAcI udakazAlA, yAcakAMsAThI sadaiva ughaDe asalele tyAcyA gharAce dvAra, nirgratha zramaNAMsAThI kelelI zuddha ANi eSaNIya azana, pAna, khAdya ANi svAdimacI vyavasthA, 'lepa' zrAvakAcA dAnI svabhAva, anukaMpAbhAva, dayAvRttI, kartavyapAlanatA darzavIta Ahe. 'lepa' zrAvaka phakta vyavahArAta kiMvA kartavyapAlanAta magna hotA ase navhe tara to AtmonnatIta dekhIla ramamANa hotA. caturdazI, aSTamI, paurNimA yAsArakhyA tithIMnA to paripUrNa pauSadhavratAce pAlana karI. icchAMcA nirodha karUna upavAsa Adi tapAne tapta hovUna AtmyAsa nirmala karIta hotA. nirAsakta bhAvAta yukta hovUna AnaMdAne jIvanayApana karIta hotA. upasaMhAra : azA yA Adarza zrAvakApAsUna pratyekAne puDhIla preraNA ghyAvyAta. 1) mI mAjhyAkaDIla dhanasaMpattIta arthAt parigrahAta na aDakatA nirAsakta bhAvanene kartavyapAlanAta tatpara asAve. 2) lepa jara atyaMta moThA vyApAra kuzalatene sAMbhALUna, pauSadhAdIvratAMce pAlana karU zakato tara malA dekhIla veLa miLata nAhI, koNAcI sAtha nAhI azI kAraNe na detA yathAzakya 12 vratAMce pAlana karaNyAsa prerita jhAle pAhije. 189

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Aja dekhIla vartamAnAta bAbA AmaTe, nArAyaNa mUrtI, ajhIjha premajI sArakhI mANase 'lepa' sArakheca Adarza zrAvaka Aheta, nAgarika Aheta. mI dekhIla jaina darzana jAstIta jAsta lokAMparyaMta pohacaviNyAsa prayatnazIla rAhIna. 12 vratAMce pAlana karUna paryAvaraNa samatola ThevaNyAsa sahakArya karena. uttarAdhyayana, aMtagaDa, vipAkasUtra yAsArakhyA AgamagraMthAMcA thoDAphAra paricaya hotA paNa sUtrakRtAMgAne AmacA vaicArika kSetrAcA paTa ulagaDalA. buddhI vizAla jhAlI. samAjAce bhAna Ale. vANIviveka samajalA. sarva bhAratIya darzanAMcA mUlasrota sUtrakRtAMga Ahe he samajale. navIna mudde, navIna viSaya, vAdasaMvAda, praznottara, junyA zabdAMce navIna artha disale. dRSTI vistAralI. ekAMgIpaNAce toTe kaLale. 190

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(7) sUtrakRtAMga meM pratibimbita sAmAjika aMza -- kumudinI bhaMDArI jaba hama kisI bhI grantha kA, sAhitya kA adhyayana karate haiM, taba anAyAsa hI hameM usameM aneka AyAmoM kA darzana hotA hai| saiddhAntika, tAttvika, varNanazailI, kathAsAhitya, chaMdobaddhatA, tatkAlIna sAmAjika paristhiti ityAdi aneka pahalUoM para prakAza paDatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga (2) bhI ise apavAda nahIM hai / isameM bhI aneka AyAmoM kA darzana hotA hai / maiMne sAmAjika paristhiti kA AyAma cunA hai / tatkAlIna samAja isameM kaise jhalakatA hai isakA zodha lene kA prayatna kiyA hai / sUtrakRtAMga (2) ke prathama puNDarIka adhyayana meM puSkariNI kA atyanta manamohaka varNana hai / yaha varNana tatkAlIna samAja ke sauMdaryadRSTi kA digdarzana karAtA hai / jagaha-jagaha sundara puSkariNiyA~ hotI thI / kamala ke phUla kA sAmAjika jIvana para baDA hI prabhAva thA / pAnI meM raha kara bhI alipta rahane ke usake svabhAva kI upamA, sAdhuoM ko dI jAtI thI / 'kamala' hAsila karane Aye hue sabhI dizAoM ke puruSa krama se tajjIvataccharIravAdI, paMcamahAbhautikavAdI, IzvarakAraNikavAdI aura niyativAdI haiM / tatkAlIna samAja meM aisI bhinna-bhinna paramparA, vicAradhArAe~ thI / unakI ekadUsare ke sAtha carcAe~ calatI thI, vAda-prativAda hotA thA, Aropa-pratyAropa, usakA samAdhAna hotA rahatA thA / hAlA~ki usako khaNDana - maNDana kA kaThora tArkika svarUpa nahIM thA / hara eka paramparA kI mAnyatA aura AcaraNa alaga-alaga thA / jaina zramaNa 191

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1 kA AcaraNa bahuta kaThora thA / ve AjIvana nirantara brahmacarya pAlana karate the / bhikSA mA~gakara nirdoSa AhAra grahaNa karate the / ve atyanta saMyamI, yatanAvAna hote the / paMcayAma-dharma kA calana thA / sAtha hI sAtha pArzvapatya jaise pArzvaparamparA ke zramaNoM kA cAturyAma dharma bhI, kahIM kahIM maujUda thA / cAturyAma se paMcayAma meM parAvartita hone kI prakriyA cala rahI thI / anya paramparA ke sAdhuoM kA, muniyoM kA, yatiyoM kA AcaraNa itanA kaThora nahIM thA / ve Ayurvedika davAe~, maithuna, parigraha, prANAtipAta se nivRtta nahIM the / jalasnAna, agnitapa, kandamUlabhakSaNa karate the / daNDa- kamaNDalu dhAraNa karate the / tApasa gA~va meM, gA~va ke bAhara, jaMgaloM meM rahate the / kaI bhikSu mAMsAhAra bhI karate the / kaI jaina tathA ajaina sAdhu nagna rahate the / kaI tApasa guptacara kA kAma bhI karate the / samAja meM kaI loga ina sabakA upahAsa bhI karate the lekina adhika pramANa meM gRhastha inako bhikSA dete the, AdarasammAna karate the / 1 samAja meM 'gotra' saMkalpanA kA baDA hI prabhAva thA / Arya-anArya, ucca gotra - nIca gotra, loga mAnate the / inakI bhASAe~ bhI alaga-alaga thI / samAja meM saMyukta kuTumbapaddhati kA pracalana thA / kuTumba meM kuTumbapramukha kI sattA calatI thI / samAja meM dAsa-dAsI jaisI kaThora vyavasthA bhI thI / khAne rahane ke badale, - 1 ye AjIvana sevA karake gujArA karate the / inheM kisI bhI taraha kA svAtantrya nahIM thA / inakA ullekha hamezA pazuoM ke sAtha AtA hai / inako pazuoM se bhI gayAgujarA samajhA jAtA thA / samAja meM cAra varNoM kA pracalana thA / brAhmaNoM ke lie baDe-baDe bhojoM kA Ayojana hotA thA / vaNika vyApAra karate the / I samAja meM mantra-tantra, gaNDA - dorA karanevAle logoM kI bharamAra thI / ve logoM kI asahAyatA kA phAyadA lekara unheM lUTate the / nAgakumAra, yakSa, bhUta 192

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ityAdi kA pUjana hotA thA / unake lie bali caDhAyA jAtA thA / devoM ke sAmane pazubali dene kA rivAja thA / samAja meM andhazraddhA, pUjAarcA, karmakANDa kI bharamAra thii| alaga-alaga 40 prakAra ke vidyAoM kA adhyayana loga karate the / ina vidyAoM kA nirdeza isa grantha meM hai / loga aneka prakAra ke vyavasAya karate the, jaise khetI, macchimArI, bheDe-bakarI carAnA, gopAlana ityAdi / masUra, cAvala, tila, uDada, mUMga, vAla ityAdi taraha-taraha ke dhAna khetI meM ugAye jAte the / mukhya phasala-antara phasala aisI vyavasthA hotI thI / tila kA tela nikAlA jAtA thaa| khetI ke lie U~Ta, gAya, bakarI, gadhe pAle jAte the / unako rakhane ke lie baDIbaDI zAlAe~ banAyI jAtI thii| logoM ke ghara, cAroM ora se khule aura baDe-baDe rahate the / atithi ke lie ghara ke daravAje hamezA khule rakhe jAte the / manoraMjana ke lie prANiyoM kI zikAra hotI thI / loga bar3e paimAne meM mAMsAhArI the| kaI loga udAra kAmabhoga bhogate the / nAca-gAnA, gahane pahananA, candana jaise sugandhI lepa lagAnA, mAlAe~ pahananA, maNi-suvarNa dhAraNa karanA - unakI vilAsI rahanasahana tathA samRddhi kA darzana karAtI thii| lepa' zrAvaka ke varNana meM hameM tatkAlIna samRddhi kA darzana hotA hai / vizAla-bahusaMkhya bhavana, cAMdI-sonA, gAya-bhaiMsa, nokara-cAkara ina sabhI ko 'dhanasvarUpa' mAnA jAtA thA / loga ghUmane ke lie gADI, ratha, ghoDAgADI, pAlakI Adi vAhanoM kA vApara karate the / vyApAra ke lie videza bhI jAte the / yAtriyoM ke lie rAste meM 'udakazAlA' (pyAU) tathA rahane ke lie 'dharmazAlA' kI vyavasthA hotI thI / isa 193

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udakazAlA ke varNana se hameM tatkAlIna vAstukalA kA utkarSa najara AtA hai / puNDarIka adhyayana meM 'rAjA' kA varNana hai / usase tatkAlIna rAjyavyavasthA para prakAza paDatA hai / rAjA atyanta kartavyapriya hote the / zUravIratA unake aMga meM kUTakUTa ke bharI huI thI / rAjA aura dharma kA sambandha bahuta gaharA thA / rAjA dhArmika huA karate the / rAjAzraya pAne se dharmaprasAra AsAna hotA hai isalie hara koI rAjA ko prabhAvita karake apane-apane dharma kI prabhAvanA karane kA prayatna karatA thA / isake viparIta 'kriyAsthAna' adhyayana meM vividha sAmAjika duSpravRttiyoM kA citraNa hai / aise sAmAjika gunAha taba bhI the, Aja bhI hai / sirpha svarUpa kA badalAva AyA hai / ye to eka-hI sikke ke do pahalU haiM / 194

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(8) AcArazruta adhyayana : eka ciMtana sumatilAla bhaMDArI sUtrakRtAMga (2) madhIla 'AcArazruta' adhyayana he aneka dRSTIne vaiziSTyapUrNa Ahe. yA adhyayanAta sAdhUMcyA AcArAce athavA durAcArAce vyAvahArika varNana nAhI, tara saiddhAMtika anAcArAce varNana Ahe. dRSTI va vacanAcA anAcAra mhaNajeca saiddhAMtika anAcAra mhaNajeca ekAntavAda. yA adhyayanAta ekAntavAdAce khaMDana karUna, tyAcA avyavahArIpaNA dAkhavilA Ahe. tyAcabarobara anekAntavAdAcA vyavahArIpaNA sAMgUna tyAcAca vApara sAdhUMnI karAvA asA parAmarza dilA Ahe. vANIsaMyamAce mahattva sAMgUna syAdvAda hAca vANIcA AcAra Ahe, ase sAMgitale Ahe. anekAntavAda va vANIsaMyama yA goSTI sAdhUMkaritA tyAcyA dainaMdina vyavahArAta, AcArAta va janasaMparkAta kazA mahattvapUrNa Aheta he sAMgitale Ahe. taseca yA goSTI kevaLa dharmAta zikAvayAcI tattve nasUna, jIvana jagAvayAcI tattve Aheta, he paTavUna dile Ahe. tyAmuLe he adhyayana sAdhUMkaritA tara Aheca Ahe, paNa he janasAmAnyAMkaritAhI Ahe, he jANavate va heca yA adhyayanAce phalita Ahe. anekAntAviSayI sAMgatAnA mahAvIrAMnI mhaTale Ahe kI, saMpUrNa satya jANUna ghyAyace asela tara koNatyAhI goSTIcA vicAra ekAca dRSTikoNAtUna karUna cAlaNAra nAhI. tyA goSTIlA aneka bAjU asU zakatAta. tyA dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva yAMcyAzI nigaDita asatAta. tyAmuLe koNatIhI goSTa ekAMgI nitya athavA ekAMgI anitya asUca zakata nAhI. yAca dRSTIne sAMkhyAMce 'ekAntanitya' tattvajJAna athavA bauddhAMcI 'ekAnta - duHkhamaya' saMkalpanA yA ayogya vATatAta. mahAvIrAMnI yA donhI saMkalpanAMcA niSedha kelA Ahe va mhaTale Ahe kI 195 -

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anekAntavAdAnusAra koNatyAhI vyavahArAlA sarva paryAya asatAta. mhaNUna tara kAhI dArzanika jarI karmasiddhAMta, pUrvajanma- punarjanma, svarga-naraka Adi saMkalpanAMnA mAnIta nasale, tarI jaina dharma yAMnA mAnato. tyAMce astitva svIkArato. yAvarUna eka goSTa nizcita Ahe kI, pratyeka veLI Apaleca mhaNaNe barobara Ahe asA durAgraha bALagatA kAmA naye. dusar2yAcehI mhaNaNe sayuktika asU zakate yAcA vicAra karAvayAsa havA. anekAntavAdAcyA yA vaicArika udAratecA upayoga, gairasamajutI, dUSita durAgraha, ahaMbhAva, svArthI vicAra, vivekazUnyatA azA kitItarI goSTI dUra karAvayAsa hoto. yA vaicArika udAratecA striyAMkaritA upayoga karaNAr2yAMmadhye mahAvIra agraNI hote. tyAMnI striyAMnA puruSAMcyA barobarIne samAnatecI vAgaNUka dilI. tyAMnA saMghAta dIkSA dilI. tyAMnA saMghapramukha karUna tyAMcyAvara jabAbadAr2yA TAkalyA. vyavahArAtahI anekAntavAda aneka ThikANI vAparalelA disato. striyAMkaritA ArakSaNa, vidhavA punarvivAha, saMsada va virodhI pakSa, bhAratAcI sarvaMkaSa rAjyaghaTanA hI kAhI tyAcI udAharaNe Aheta. mAtra tyAcabarobara saMpa, jALapoLa, mArAmAr2yA, dagaDapheka Adi ekAntavAdAcA Azraya gheNAr2yA ghaTanA, anekAntavAdAcA puraskAra karaNAr2yAMcI zokAMtikA darzavitAta. arthAt anekAntavAdAlAhI maryAdA Aheta. dhArmika bAbatIta jinAMnI sAMgitalelI SaDddravye, naU tattve, mokSa, siddhazilA Adi saMkalpanAMvara zraddhA ThevAvayAsaca havI. taseca vyavahArI jagatAtIla khUna, balAtkAra, bhraSTAcAra, dezadroha yA goSTI niMdanIyaca Aheta. yA donhI prakArAta anekAntavAda vAparatAca yeta nAhI. kiMbahunA, mahAvIrAMnI tyA kALI vaidika karmakAMDAlA kelelA virodha hA anekAntavAdAcI maryAdA oLakhUnaca kelA asAvA, asAhI vicAra manAta yeto. 196

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vara ullekhilelA anekAntavAda koNI va kasA AcaraNAta ANAyacA hA AjacyA kALAtIla moThA yakSaprazna Ahe. dona vyaktI athavA dona pakSa samorAsamora AlyAvara, vaicArika udAratA prathama koNI dAkhavAyacI va koNa koNAce aikUna gheNAra Ahe hA praznaca Ahe. ulaTapakSI jo koNI prathama namate gheIla, tyAlA bhitrA, buLA asehI saMbodhale jAIla. tyAmuLe anekAntavAda sAmAnya vyaktIcyA ATokyAbAheracA Ahe ase vATate. yAulaTa jyAMcyAmadhye tAttvika vicArAMcI baiThaka Ahe, Atmaupamya buddhI Ahe va sahanazIlatA Ahe, azI vivekI maMDaLIca tyAce AcaraNa karU zakatIla, tyAcA vicAra karU zakatIla asehI vATU lAgate. vANIsaMyamAce mahattva tara mahAvIrAMnI aneka upadezAtUna paTavUna dile Ahe. jibhevara tAbA asela taraca sAdhUce astitva TikUna rAhate. tyAcI janamAnasAtIla pratimA uMcAvate. nAhItara tI rasAtaLAlA jAvayAsa veLa lAgata nAhI. tyAcabarobara vANIcA saMbaMdha hiMsezI asalyAne pApamaya pravRttIMnA uttejana deNAr2yA bhASecA vApara TALAvA lAgato. taseca nizcayAtmaka, hekekhora, Akramaka, ekAMgI bolaNe TALAve lAgate. he jarI sagaLe khare asale tarI samAjAtIla vAITa pravRttIMnA ALA ghAlaNyAsAThI, sAdhUMnA, veLaprasaMgI pravacanAtUna dona khaDe bolahI sunavAve lAgatAta, navhe te tyAMce kartavya Tharate, he ApaNa pAhato. sarvasAmAnyAMcyA bAbatItahI vANIsaMyamAce mahattva padopadI jANavate. vartamAnapatrAtUna yeNArI uccapadasthAMcI bejabAbadAra vaktavye dezAcI pratimA malina karatAnA disatAta. taseca aneka tathAkathita lokamAnya saMtAMce azobhanIya AcaraNa zaramene mAna khAlI ghAlAvayAsa lAvate. thoDakyAta, sAdhUMcI samAjAkaDe pAhaNyAcI dRSTI kazI asAvI, tyAMcA vANIsaMyama kasA mahattvAcA Ahe, tyAcabarobara tyAMcI vidhAne dravya, kSetra, kAla, 197

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bhAva lakSAta ThevUna anekAntavAdAne kelelI asAvIta, tyAlA nizcayanayAbarobara vyavahAranayAcIhI joDa asAvI yA goSTI yA adhyayanAta adhorekhita kelelyA disatAta. taseca hA upadeza janasAmAnyAMkaritAhI tevaDhAca mahattvapUrNa Ahe, yAcIhI prakarSAne jANIva hote. arthAt sarvaca goSTIMnA maryAdA asatAta, hehI visarUna cAlaNAra nAhI. tarIsuddhA 'anekAntavAda' he mahAvIrAMce jaina dharmAlA dilele moThe yogadAna Tharate, yAta zaMkAca nAhI. 198

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(9) sUtrakRtAMgAce dona zrutaskaMdha : taulanika vicAra 1) samaya 2) 3) -- prastAvanA : bha. mahAvIrAMcyA pUrvIce taseca bha. mahAvIrakAlIna bhAratAtIla sarva darzanAMcA vicAra jara koNatyA ekAca graMthAtUna jANUna ghyAyacA asela tara to 'sUtrakRtAMgA'tUna ghetA yeIla. jaina paraMparene mAMDalelA vicAra ANi AcArAcA suMdara samanvaya yethe Ahe. hA vaicArika graMtha Ahe. yAcI bhASA prAkRta asUna sarvajanahitakArI Ahe. ardhamAgadhI bhASecA hA prAcIna namunA Ahe. aMgasUtrAta yAce dusare sthAna Ahe. tulanA : prathama zrutaskaMdhAcA barAcasA bhAga padyamaya Ahe. yAmadhye 16 adhyayane asUna kAhIMnA uddezaka Aheta. 16 paikI 7 adhyayanAMcI suravAta praznottarAne hote. phakta 16 ve adhyayana gadyamaya Ahe. tara dusarAzrutaskaMdha mukhyataH gadyamaya Ahe. yAta 7 adhyayane asUna, uddezaka nAhIta. donhI zrutaskaMdhAta tattvajJAnAlA AcAradharmAcI suMdara joDa dilelI Ahe. svamata - paramatAcyA rUpAta jaina ANi jainetara (dArzanika) azA donhI paraMparAMcyA matAMcA ullekha Ahe. donhIta tyA kALacyA darzanAMcI carcA; jainAMcI jIva - ajIva i. 9 tattve; taseca aneka paramatAMce vivecana asUna svamatAce mAhAtmya varNana kele Ahe. jIvana vyavahArAcA ucca Adarza sAMgitalA Ahe. zrutaskaMdha 1 : vaitAlIya upasarga rekhA chAjeDa ahiMsA siddhAMta vairAgyAcA upadeza saMyamI jIvanAta yeNAr2yA vighnAMce varNana 199

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4) strI-parijJA - brahmacaryaghAtaka vighnAMce varNana naraka ___ - narakAtIla duHkhAMce varNana vIrastutI mahAvIrAMcI stutI varNana 7) kuzIla cAritrahIna vyaktIce varNana 8) vIrya zubhAzubha prayatnAMce varNana 9) dharma dharmAce varNana 10) samAdhi dharmAtIla sthiratece varNana 11) mArga saMsAra-baMdhanAtUna mukta hoNyAcA mArga 12) samavasaraNa kriyA-akriyA-vinaya-ajJAnAce varNana 13) yAthAtathya mAnavI manAce suMdara varNana 14) graMtha jJAnaprAptIcyA mArgAce varNana 15) AdAnIya - mahAvIrAMcyA upadezAce sAra 16) gAthA - gadyamaya asUna bhikSUce varNana. azA prakAre pratyeka adhyayanAce zIrSaka jarI vegaLe asale tarI tyAta vicArAMcI sAkhaLI guMphalI Ahe. viSaya najaretUna suTU nayeta mhaNUna viSayAMcI punarAvRttI phAra Ahe. anekadA vyApaka vicAra mAMDale Aheta. yAta eka prakAre 'mAnasazAstra'hI Ahe. kase vAgA, kase vAgU nakA yAcA bharapUra vicAra mAMDalA Ahe. uttama zrAvakAce udAharaNAtmaka varNana nAhI. paNa tyAcyA aMgI koNate guNa asAveta yAce vistRta varNana Ahe. zrutaskaMdha 2 : pratyeka adhyayana vegaLe paNa pUrNa svataMtra Ahe. viSayAMcI vividhatA aneka pailUtUna mAMDalI Ahe. sarva viSaya arthapUrNa, pariNAmakAraka Aheta. sarva adhyayanAta kALAcyA puDhace vivecana Ahe. 200

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1) pauNDarika : gadyamaya - vibhinna saMpradAyAMcyA bhikSUMce varNana. sadAcArI, susaMyamI puruSaca saphala hoto ase pratipAdana. 2) kriyAsthAna : pratikSaNI kelelyA vartanAlA jaina darzanAta kitI mahattva Ahe te 12 kriyAMtUna va 18 pApasthAnAMtUna disate. 3) AhAraparijJA : vAcakAcA prathamadarzanI apekSAbhaMga hoto. kAraNa jainaAcArAta avAjavI mahattvAcA asalelA 'AhArAcA tyAga' koThehI sAMgitalA nAhI. pratyAkhyAna zabdaca nAhI. saMthArA nAhI. AdhyAtmika upadeza deNe nAhI. jIva ekamekAMvara upakAra karatAta asehI nAhI. 'jIvo jIvasya jIvanam' he brIdavAkya. tyAMnA vidita asalele je je jIvazAstrIya ANi vanaspatizAstrIya jJAna tyAveLI hote te ApalyAparyaMta pohocavale. 'pahA' va 'jANA' heca sAMgitale. 4) pratyAkhyAnakriyA : tyAgAce, niyamAMce svarUpa va varNana. hA pUrNa adhyAya asalA tarI tyAce pariziSTa puDhe 'nAlaMdA' madhUnahI kele Ahe. anukUlatA asate tyAveLI saMyamAce mahattva. aMta:preraNelA lagAma ghAlA. 18 pApasthAnAMce pratyAkhyAna karA. 5) AcArazruta : khAsa sAMgitalelA jo sAdhuviSayaka rUDhAcAra Ahe, tyAcyAbaddala ekahI vAkya nAhI. jase - paMcamahAvrata, guptI, samitI, dazavidhadharma i. hA adhyAya vAksamitIvara AdhArita Ahe. 6) ArdrakIya : mahAvIra kitI vyavahAravAdI hote tyAcA hA adhyAya dyotaka Ahe. to praznottarAtUna ulagaData jAto. zaMkA va tyAlA dilele uttara yAta Ahe. zaMkA-samAdhAna jarI asale tarI kAhI ThikANI dilelI uttare paTata nAhIta. 201

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(10) sUtrakRtAMgAcyA dvitIya zrutaskaMdhAce sAra -- zakuMtalA coraDiyA sUtrakRtAMgacyA athAMga jJAnasAgarAta DubakI mAralI sAta adhyayanAtUna sAta vicArAMcI pAne ulagaDalI puNDarIka 1) saMsArarUpI puSkaraNI kaSAyayukta karmarUpI pANyAne bharalI kAmabhogAcyA daladalIta AryarUpI kamaLe umalalI cAra vAdIMcI bheTa jhAlI, puSkaraNItIla zreSTha puNDarIka-kamala gheNyAsAThI dhaDapaDa cAlalI. ajJAnAcI kAsa dharalI ANi ekamekAMnA kamI lekhata lekhata tyAMcI icchitApAsUna bhaTakaMtI jhAlI siddha mArga jANaNAr2yA sAdhakAne mAtra AdhyAtmika unnatIcyA baLAvara iSTAcI prAptI kelI // 202 kriyAsthAna 2) bhaTakaMtI jhAlele ajJAnI AzA, AkAMkSA, havyAsa, atyAcAra, anAcArAMcyA bArA kriyAsthAnAta aDakale ANi adharmasthAnAta ramata gele. vivekAcA tyAga karUna niSprayojanAne hiMsA karaNyAta magna jhAle. cALIsa prakAracyA pApazrutAta svataHlA jhokata rAhile. pArivArika mohAcyA pasAr2yAne arthadaMDAta haravale. anarthadaMDAcyA pApAne janmamaraNAcyA paraMpareta phirata rAhile. terAvyA iyApathikI kriyAsthAnAtale dharmasthAnAta jAgRta jhAle. AtmArthI, puruSArthI, mokSArthI banUna nivRttIcyA mArgAvara cAlU lAgale /

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mahAparijJA 3) janmamaraNAcyA paraMpareta aDakalele AhAraparijJece abhyAsU jhAle. AhArAzI saMbaMdhita sAr2yA sAvadya kriyeta pravRtta jhAle. 'jasA AhAra, jazA bhAvanA tase gatItIla paribhramaNa', hA karmasiddhAMta mAtra te visarale. trasa - sthAvara ekamekAMcA AdhAra mhaNUna mitra jhAle ANi ekamekAMnA khAUnaca jIvana jagU lAgale. ojaAhAra, prakSepaAhAra, kavalaAhAra ase AhArAce vibhAjana kele. sabala mhaNavaNAr2yA mANasAne nirbala azA prANyAMce prANa ghetale. AhArAcA viveka karaNAre hiMsepAsUna dUra hoU lAgale. tyAga, virati, pratijJA, saMkalpa karUna yatanAvAna hoUna vicaraNa karU lAgale / / pratyAkhyAnakriyA -- AcArazruta 5) - 4) karmasiddhAMta na jANaNAr2yAne mAnavI manAta daDalelyA aTharA pApasthAnAMcyA aMtaHpravRttIce veLoveLI prasaMgAprasaMgAlA pradarzana kele. tyAtUna mukta vhAyaceca nAhI mhaNUna apratyAkhyAnI banUna pApakarmAcyA baMdhanAce jALe viNale. jIvana jagaNyAcyA mukhya garajA, 'anna, pANI, nivAr2yA'sAThI hiMsece thaimAna ghAtale. mana-vacana-kAyecyA vakratene AtmyAce bhAna visarUna janma - ma-mRtyUcyA cakrAta guraphaTale. sadAcArI, sadvicArI anicchene TALatA yetaca nAhI azA hiMsece bhAgIdAra jarI banale, tarI pazcAttApa karUna, kSamAbhAva dharUna, prAyazcitta gheUna pratyAkhyAnI banale ANi ucca gatIkaDe mArgakramaNA karU lAgale // mana-vacana-kAyecyA vakratene mithyA dhAraNecyA AhArI gele. satyAcI oLakha na jhAlyAne artharahita tattvAne mokSamArgAce virAdhaka banale. jaga 203

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ekAMta nitya-ekAMta anitya, bhavIjIva mokSagAmI, bAkI sAre saMsArI. sUkSmAcI hiMsA kiMvA trasAMcI hiMsA pApa sArakheca, uddiSTa AhAra karaNAre sAdhU AdhAkarmIca, azI aneka prakAracI vidhAne karUna anAcArAlA gAThale, vANIce baMdhana soDale. ekAMtavAdI banUna vAdavivAdAlA pAcAraNa kele. AzuprajJa buddhimAnAMnI, sAdhakAMnI vacanaguptI sAdhUna anekAMta dRSTIne ciMtana kele. ANi zruta cAritryarUpI dharmAlA, sadbhAvAcyA sattelA mAnale. karmAne bAMdhalelyA, karmAtUna karmAneca suTakA hote he jANUna, sarva prANimAtrAMvara maitrIbhAva ThevUna guNagrAhakatene mAdhyasthabhAvAne utkRSTa saMyamAce anuSThAna kele / / ArdrakIya - 6) vacanaguptI sAdhalelyA mahAvIrAMcyA paramabhakta ArdrakA'ne, 'gozAlakA'cyA upahAsAne gurUMcyA vyApArI, Darapoka mhaNUna kelelyA TIkelA, mArmika uttara dile. jIvAtmyAlA ekAMta sarvavyApaka, nitya mAnaNAre, jJAnAneca muktI hote ase tattva pratipAdana karaNAr2yA sAMkhyAMnA kriyArahita jJAnAne muktI miLata nAhI he paTavUna dile. dona hajAra brAhmaNAMnA bhojana karavaNAre, mANasAlA khaLIcA piMDa, bAlakAlA bhopaLA mhaNUna zijaviNAre 'zAkya', ekA moThyA hattIcI hatyA karUna varSabhara tyAcA AhAra karaNAre 'hastitApasa' kase mithyAdhAraNeta guMgale ANi devagatIce vArasa hoNAra yA bhramAta rAhile. tyAMnA AdrarkAne samarpaka uttara deUna sAvadya-kriyA ANi uddiSTa-AhArAcA tyAga karUna niSkapaTa bhAvAne utkRSTa sAdhaka kase vhAve, he paTavUna dile|| 204

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nAlaMdIya 7) vizAla sarovarAta rahANAr2yA 'nAla' nAgAcyA nAvAne 'nAlaMdA' prasiddha jhAlI ANi manamohaka naisargika vanazrIne baharalI. mahAvIrAMcyA caudA cAturmAsika kALAcyA vAstavyAne hI dharatI pAvana jhAlI. jJAnI, dhyAnI, tyAgI lokAMcI karmabhUmI banalI. hastiyAma vanakhaMDAta vAstavya karaNAr2yA peDhAlaputrAcyA manAta pratyAkhAnAbaddala zaMkA udbhavalI pratyAkhyAna deNAre gheNAre pApAce bhAgIdAra asalyAcI TocaNI manAlA lAgalI. gautamAMnI zaMkA nirasana karUna 9 bhaMgAne pratyAkhyAna-pAlanAcI dizA dAkhavilI. ' pratyAkhyAna kase supratyAkhyAna', he sAMgUna gurudarabArI tyAMcI hajerI lAvalI / / - 205

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(11) hastitApasAMnA yathocita uttara - sAdhanA desaDalA ArdrakakumAra jAtismaraNAmuLe dIkSA gheUna bha. mahAvIrAMcyA darzanAsAThI Arya dezAta yetAta. vATeta tyAMnA gozAlaka va anya matAvalaMbI loka bheTatAta. pratyekajaNa svata:cyA dharmAta yeNyAsAThI ApalA dharma kasA zreSTha va aMgIkAra karaNyAsa sopA Ahe, he siddha karU pAhatAta. zevaTI hastitApasa bheTatAta. te mhaNatAta, 'AmhI varSAtUna ekadAca eka hattI mArato va tyAcAca varSabhara AhArAsAThI upayoga karato. azAne ekAca jIvAcI hatyA hote va puSkaLa jIvAMcI hatyA vAcate.' ArdrakIya adhyayanAta 53 vyA gAtheta yA AkSepAlA atyaMta saMkSipta uttara dile Ahe. te ase - "varSabhara ekAca prANyAcA ghAta karaNArehI jIva hiMsepAsUna nivRtta hoU zakata nAhIta. tumacyA yA vicArAnusAra gRhasthahI anya kSetrakAlavartI jIvAMcI hiMsA karIta nAhIta. mhaNUna tyAMnAhI nirdoSa, ahiMsaka mAnAve lAgela." vastutaH he uttara kAhI samAdhAnakAraka nAhI. yAcI thoDI tarI vistRta mImAMsA Avazyaka hotI. puDhe vikasita jhAlelA sAdhuAcAra ANi zAkAhAraviSayaka mAnyatA jaina dhAraNAMcyA sahAyyAne puDhIla mudyAta detA yetIla. ArdrakamunIMcyA uttarAta puDhIla mudde adhyAhRta hote - 1) hiMsA-ahiMsece mApadaMDa mRta jIvAMcI saMkhyA nasUna, prANyAMcI cetanA, iMdriye, mana va zarIrAcA vikAsa va mAraNAr2yAce tIvra-maMdabhAva yAvara avalaMbUna asate. 206

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hattIsArakhyA vizAlakAya, vikasita, cetanazIla prANyAlA mAraNArA, hiMsA doSAMpAsUna nivRtta hoU zakata nAhI. tyAMcyA Azrita rAhaNAr2yA prANyAMcA taseca mAMsa, rakta, carabI yAta rAhaNAr2yA, utpanna hoNAr2yA aneka trasa-sthAvara jIvAMcA ghAta hoto. thoDyA jIvAMnA mAraNAre ahiMsaka mhaTale tara maryAdita hiMsA karaNAre gRhastha tara hiMsA doSarahita mAnale jAtIla. gRhastha trasa soDUna (gAthApaticora-grahaNa-vimokSaNa-nyAya) sthAvarAMcI maryAdA gheUna, bAkIcyA sthAvarAMce pratyAkhyAna gheUna hiMsA doSAce pramANa kamI karatAta. sapta kuvyasanAta paNa mAMsa niSiddha mAnale jAte. 5) jaina sAdhU tara IryAsamitIne yukta, bhikSecyA 42 doSAMpAsUna rahita, yathAlAbha saMtuSTa hoUna AhAra ghetAta. 6) 'sarva jIva samAna', ase mhaNUna sannI paMceMdriya mAraNe mhaNaje dahA balaprANa mAraNe hoya. ekeMdriyAta cAra balaprANa Aheta. zivAya ApaNa, vanaspatI zaMbhara paTIne vADhavU zakato paNa eka hattI mAralA tara eka vaMzaca nAza pAvato. 8) paMceMdriyAMcI hatyA karaNAr2yA narakagAmI hastitApasAjavaLa jAsta veLa na ghAlavatA ApaNa ahiMsA pALaNAr2yA, mokSagAmI bha. mahAvIrAMcyA darzanAlA lavakara jAve, yA uddezAne ArdrakamunI tethUna thoDakyAta uttara deUna nighatAta. jaina sAdhU tara bhramaravRttIpramANe gocarI ghetAta (dazavaikAlika-dumaphapphiyAadhyayana 1) uddiSTa AhAra gheta nAhIta. hastitApasAMpramANe varSabharAcI taratUda va annAbaddalacI AsaktI na ThevatA, rojacI roja gocarI ghetAta. 207

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10) mAMsa kacce aso, zijavile jAta aso kiMvA zijavilele aso, tinhI avasthAMmadhye anaMta nigodiyA jIvAMcI utpattI hota asate, azI mAnyatA aneka jaina AcArya noMdavitAta. khare tara koNatyAhI annAta, thoDyA kALAnaMtara trasajIvAMcI utpattI hota asate. jyAta trasajIva jAsta te anna niSiddha Ahe. mAMsAta niraMtara jIvotpattI hotaca asate. nusatA sparza kelA tarI jIvahatyA hote. 11) manusmRtIsArakhyA brAhmaNadharmIya graMthAta mhaTale Ahe - anumantA vizasitA, nihantA krayavikrayI / saMskartA copahartA ca, khAdakazceti ghAtakAH / / arthAt, prANyAMcyA vadhAcI AjJA deNArA, zarIrAvara ghAva karaNArA, mAraNArA, kharedI karaNArA, vikaNArA, zijavaNArA, vADhaNArA, khANArA hyA sarva AThahI vyaktI ghAtaka Aheta. 12) mAMsa khANAr2yAlA paramadhAmI deva mhaNatAta - ___tuhaM piyAI maMsAiM khaNDAiM sollagANi ya / khAvio mi samaMsAiM aggivaNNAI Negaso / / uttarAdhyayana 19.70 13) zreNika rAjA dekhIla paMceMdriya hatyemuLe narakAta gele - azI jaina paurANika mAnyatA Ahe. 14) savve jIvA suhasAyA duhapaDikUlA / savvesiM jIviyaM piyaM / / AcArAMga yA sahaastitvAcyA jIvanasUtrAMcA sarvAMnIca vicAra karUna jo prAkRtika AhAra Ahe, sahaja upalabdha Ahe, tyAcAca svIkAra karAvA. hastitApasa manAlA paTata nAhIta. ekAca prakArace anna rojaca varSabhara khANe he rucata nAhI. nusatAca mAMsAhAra paNa karatIla ase vATata nAhI. saMyamapathAvara jANAre niravadya AhAraca ghetAta. 208

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(12) sadya:kAlIna pariprekSya meM sUtrakRtAMga maMgalA goThI adhyAtmapratyayika kriyAsthAna kA varNana 'kriyAsthAna' nAmaka dUsare adhyayana meM AyA hai / jo teraha kriyAsthAna batAye gaye haiM, unameM se ye AThavA~ kriyAsthAna haiM / saMkSepa meM isakA artha yaha hai ki kisI ne hameM kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAyA, phira bhI mana viSAda aura nirAzA se bharA huA hai / isakA kAraNa hai krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ye citta meM samAye hue cAra kaSAya / makar3I ke jAla ke samAna, hama khuda ko hI nakArAtmaka soca ke jAla meM bandI banAkara usameM jakar3ate cale jAte haiN| maiM to samajhatI hU~ ki, Aja kA manuSya sabase jyAdA adhyAtmapratyayika kA hI zikAra banA huA hai / dahazatavAda, guNDAgardI, atyAcAra aura khUna kI holI khelanevAle ye saba muThThIbhara loga spaSTa rUpa se dikhAI dete haiM / lekina khuda ko hI khokhalA banAnevAlA adhyAtmapratyayika roga (nAsUra) kI taraha baDhatA hI jA rahA hai / ye nakArAtmaka soca slo paoNijhana kA kAma kara rahI hai / I isake mahAbhayaMkara pariNAma aba hamAre sAmane vAstavika rUpa se ubharakara A rahe haiM / blaDaprezara, Diprezana, aljAyamara, skrijhopheniyA ye saba isI soca ke pariNAma haiM / Ajakala to bacapana meM hI isakA bIja boyA jAtA hai / zikSA, khela, kalA jaisI hunara meM baDhatI huI spardhArUpI kaSAya ne, baccoM kI nirAgasatA chIna lI hai / pariNAma - bAtabAta pe ciDaciDApana, jiddI svabhAva, dUsaroM ko kama lekhanA, bar3oM kA Adara na karanA, ye aba 'ghara ghara kI kahAnI' bana gayI hai / bAta ghara kI hI A gayI hai, to hama usI pe thoDA prakAza DAle / pahale kI taraha nA to hama pArataMtrya meM jI rahe haiM, nA baDI baDI naisargika Apatti kA | 209

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zikAra bane haiM, nA to plega yA (baDI mAtA) jaise mahAbhayaMkara prakopa se ghara ke ghara beghara ho rahe haiM / parantu hama apane hI ghara meM beghara ho rahe haiM, vo hamAre hI khuda ke cAra kaSAya ke kAraNa / mana kA sukha pAne ke prayAsa meM hama Atmika sukha kho baiThe haiM / ye bAta vistRta karane ke lie kavi kI eka paMkti hI kAphI 1 66 hai " amRta ghaTa bharale tujhiyA dArI, kA vaNavaNa phirasI bAjArI / " hamAre cAra kaSAya hI cAra vAdiyoM ke samAna AtmarUpI 'padmavarapuNDarIka' 1 ko Upara uThAne ke bajAya, karmarUpI kIcaDa meM pha~sAte jA rahe haiN| khuda kI hI dizAbhUla kara rahe haiM / nirAzA se bharA huA mana kyA 'AhAra-parijJA' kA pAlana karegA ? use bhUlAne ke lie jyAdA AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, yA use chipAne ke lie upavAsa kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai / jaba hama nijI jiMdagI se hI ubhara nahIM pAte, to sampUrNa jagat ke sajIvatA kA kyA anubhava kareMge ? 'pratyAkhyAna' to bahuta dUra kI bAta hai / viSAdabharA ekAMgI dRSTikoNa khuda ke alaga-alaga AyAmoM ko samajhane meM asamartha hai, to anekAntavAda jaisA paripUrNa siddhAnta kyA hama jAneM ? lekina hA~ ! 'Ardraka' ne 'gozAlaka' ko diyA huA javAba mujhe yahA~ sarvathA ucita aura yogya dikhAI detA hai / aise loga aneka logoM se ghire hone ke bAvajUda bhI, unakA ekAntavAsa cAlU rahatA hai / ve hamezA alipta rahate haiM / 'sthiti' ekasamAna hai, lekina Antarika bhAva DorI ke do chora / bha. mahAvIra kI ekAntavAsa kI tAra, AtmA se juDI huI thI aura adhyAtmapratyayika kA doSa laganevAle kI tAra, mana jaise pudgala paramANu se juDI huI hai / eka chora mokSa kI tarapha jAtA hai, to dUsarA chora saMsAracakra meM girA detA hai / - 210

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(13) agassa kahANayaM AzA kAMkariyA teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM aNajja - visae addagapuraM nAma nayaraM hotthA tattha addaga-rAyA rajjaM karei / tassa putto vi ' addagakumAra' nAmeNa pasiddho / tamhi samae AriyakhettaThiyassa rAyagihassa rAyA seNio AsI / tassa putto cauvvihabuddhIhiM saMjutto abhayakumaro / -- egayA addagarAiNA seNiyassa kae dUyahattheNa bahumollaM pAhuDaM pesiyaM / addagakumAreNa vi abhayassa kae kAI vatthUNi pAhuDarUveNa pesiyANi / duve pAhuDANi gheUNa addagarAiNo dUo seNiyassa atthANamaMDave paviTTho / seNieNa tassa jahociyaM bahumANo kao / pAhuDANi aMgIkayANi / jayA seNieNa addagarAiNo kae paDipAhuDaM sajjIkayaM tathA abhayakumareNa vi addagakumarassa kae visiTThe paDipAhuDaM sajjIkayaM / abhayakumareNa nANassa uvaogeNa jANiyaM, 'addagakumAro paramadveNa bhavijIvo atthi / ' tassa paDibohatthaM abhayakumareNa egAe maMjUsiyAe egA appaDimA jiNapaDimA tahA muhapattI ThaviyA / sA maMjUsA dUyahattheNa tassa kae pesiyA maMjUsiyaM pAsiUNa addagakumAreNa koUhalavaseNa turiyaM turiyaM sA ugghaaddiyaa| jiNapaDimaM, muhapattiM ca daTThUNa so maNammi ciMtiuNa laggo, 'eyANi vatthUNi ma puvviM katto vi pAsiyANi / ' eyAvasare tassa jAisaraNaM samuppannaM / so sarai jahA"vasaMtapurammi nayare ahaM ego uvAsago hotthA / saMsArassa asArattaM muNiUNa ahaM bhajjAe saha pavvaio / sAmaNNe vi egayA bhajjaM pAsiUNa tammi aNuratto jaao| mae tassa aicArassa AloyaNA na kayA / aNAloiya - apaDikkaMta 211

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avatthAe kAlamAse kAlaM kiccA devalogammi uvavanno / devalogAo caiUNa ahaM addagaputto tti jAo / " eyAriso appaNo puvvabhavavuttaMtaM jANiUNa addago saMsArAo viratto jaao| Ariyadese AgaMtUNa so jiNasAsaNe pavvaio / bhagavaM vaddhamANassa daMsaNaTuM teNa vihArajattA AraddhA / maggammi tassa gosAlao, hatthitAvaso, parivvAyago, buddhabhikkhu iccejhyAI paradasaNavAiNo miliyA / te savve appaNo daMsaNAiM paramaThurUveNa kaheMti / niggaMthadhammaM uvalakkhiUNa uvahAsaparaM bhAsaMti / addageNa egegassa kahaNaM suNiyaM / tesiM nirAkaraNaM kayaM / niggaMthadhammassa mahattaNaM teNa aNujuttIhiM sAhiyaM / evaMpayAreNa addageNa savve parasamayavAiNo parAiyA / magge tesiM savvesiM saha addagassa jo vAyapaDivAyaM hoi tassa saMkalaNaM sUyagaDassa bIyaMsuyakkhaMdhassa 'addaijja' ajjhayaNe dIsai / sUyagaDassa sasamaya-parasamaya-rUveNa jA pasiddhI sA addaijja-ajjhayaNe savisesaM dIsai / 212

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(14) hastitApasa ke mata kA saMbhAvya khaNDana - saMgItA munota vadha to basa vadha hai, hastitApasa kA hai yaha kahanA bhAvoM ke pariNAmoM ko, lekina usane kahA~ pahacAnA / bhogarUpa AmiSarata prANI, sthUlarUpa hiMsA kara jAnA sUkSmatA meM isakI chipA hai, jIvana kA satya khajAnA / / sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM 'ArdrakIya' nAmaka chaThA~ adhyayana hai| usameM Ardrakamuni, gozAlaka Adi anyamatAvalambiyoM ko praznoM kA uttara dete haiM / usI zrRMkhalA meM nitya vanaspati chedana kI apekSA, eka bAra hastivadha karanA - kama pApamaya hai, isa mithyAdhAraNA ko hastitApasa ucita mAnate haiM / Ardrakamuni usake isa bhrama ko satya kathanoM se dUra karate haiM / 'paMcendriya vadha meM jyAdA pApa hai', isI viSaya ko lekara kucha aura tathyoM ko Apake samakSa rakhanA cAhatI huuN| yadi hama eka hI satya mAne ki, 'saba AtmA samAna haiM aura sabako mArane meM eka samAna pApa hai', to phira 'zAkAhAra-mAMsAhAra' meM bheda hI nahIM rahatA / bhakSya-abhakSya kA bheda nahIM hotA / kyoM loga khetI karate ? kyoM bha. RSabhadeva logoM ko asi-masi-kRSi sikhAte ? basa ! eka hI prANI mAro aura sAla bhara taka khAte raho / jainadarzana meM jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa bahuta sUkSmatApUrvaka kiyA gayA hai / ekendriya jIva se usakA vikAsa hote-hote, ananta puNya kA saMcaya hone para usako pA~ca paripUrNa indriyA~ milatI haiM / dasa prANa aura chaha paryAptiyA~ milatI haiM / punarjanma ko mAnanevAle anyadharma bhI isa bAta ko svIkAra karate haiM ki jIva 213

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84 lAkha yoni se bhaTakakara jaba puNya kA saMcaya aura bure karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai taba use pA~coM indriyoM se paripUrNa zarIra tathA mana kI prApti hotI hai / usameM bhI jJAna, darzana, yoga, upayoga Adi guNoM kA prakaTIkaraNa bhI paMcendriya meM jyAdA hotA hai / jisase vaha vrata-pratyAkhyAna karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai, karma kATane kA sAmarthya rakhatA hai / isIlie to Agama meM, naraka meM jAne ke cAra kAraNoM meM eka kAraNa, 'paMcendriya kA vadha' spaSTa rUpa se diyA hai na ki 'ekendriya' / ekendriya jIva kI hiMsA hama prAyaH arthadaNDa ke lie karate haiM, apanI jIvanacaryA calAne ke lie karate haiM / parantu paMcendriya jIva kI hiMsA prAya: jihvA kI lolupatA ke lie, nirdayatA se, krUra bhAvoM se kI jAtI hai / isase 'jIvanacakra' bigaDatA hai / yaha 'anarthadaNDa' hai, isameM jyAdA pApa hai / yaha samajhAne ke lie hama Aja ke pariveza se anekoM udAharaNa de sakate haiM / jaise - eka pradhAnamaMtrI kI AtmA aura eka bhikhArI kI AtmA samAna hai phira bhI yadi pradhAnamaMtrI maratA hai to rASTrIya zoka aura bhikhArI mare to kisI ko patA bhI nahIM calatA / ___eka nakalI hAra hai aura dUsarA sone meM bhI hire-panne se jur3A huA hai / donoM meM se kisake guma hone para jyAdA dukha hogA ? arthAt, jisakA mola, sundaratA, upayogitA adhika, usakA guma honA adhika duHkhadAyaka hogA / aise anekoM tathya aura udAharaNa haiM phira bhI usase bhI kahIM jyAdA mAyane rakhatI hai, 'hamArI khAne ke prati Asakti', jo ina bhakSya-abhakSya kA viveka na rakhane ke kAraNa pApa ko baDhAvA detI hai / mAnA ki hareka AtmA samAna hai / isako nakArA bhI nahIM jA sakatA / 214

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phira bhI unakI vizeSatAoM meM to pharka hai / isalie bha. mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki, 'naya' aura 'karmasiddhAnta' kA AdhAra lekara, kisI tathya kI satyatA kA nirNaya liyA jAtA hai / isakI puSTi ke lie 'AcArAMga' aura 'uttarAdhyayana' meM anekoM udAharaNa milate haiN| ___ Akhira meM, maiM kahanA cAhatI hU~ ki - 'kyA hamArA peTa maraghaTa hai jo jIvoM ko mAroM, usameM DAlate raho ?' 215

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(15) apratyAkhyAna ANi pratyAkhyAna : eka ciMtana ___ - kalpanA muthA sarva saMsArI AtmyAMcI svAbhAvika sthitI hI apratyAkhyAnI Ahe. mhaNajeca karmabaMdhAne yukta Ahe. mANasAlA jagAyalA aneka AvazyakatA lAgatAta. parivArapAlana, upajIvikA, kSudhAnivRttI yAsAThI SaTkAyika jIvAMcA saDhaLa hAtAne vApara karaNe, tyAMnA trAsa deNe, tyAMcyAvara adhikAra gAjavaNe, jarA kuThe anukUlatA miLAlI kI tyAMcyA sahavAsAta yeUna tyAMcI hiMsA karaNe ! arthAt hiMsA karaNe he jarI lakSya nasale, tyAMcyAviSayI anukaMpA, saMvedanazIlatA asalI tarI udaranirvAhAsAThI nAilAjAne hiMsA hota rahAte ANi tyAMcA hA pravAha akhaMDapaNe cAlU rahAto ANi tarI suddhA vrata na ghetA saMsArAta nivAsa karaNe ANi SaTjIvAMcA sahavAsa heca sarva jIvAMcyA aviratIce kAraNa hoya. AsravAce kAraNa hoya. apratyAkhyAna hA svabhAva Ahe. to sRSTIcA niyama Ahe. mAnavI manAtalyA sagaLyA vikRtI, duSpravRttI koNatyA nA koNatyA rUpAta pApAcyA zreNIta yetAta. yAmuLe tyAMce pApakarmabaMdha he cAlU asatAta. tyApAsUna parAvRtta hoNyAsAThI tyAce nirAkaraNa karaNyAsAThI jaina paraMpareta pratyAkhyAna (pratikramaNa) hI eka mahAauSadhI sAMgitalI Ahe. pratyAkhyAna - prati + A + khyAna = nizcitapaNe tyAviSayI sAMgaNe. arthAt pratyAkhyAna mhaNaje viratI, tyAga, pratijJA, saMkalpa. pratyAkhyAna hI atizaya prAcIna paraMparA Ahe. 13 kriyAsthAnAMcyA palIkaDe jAUna hI kriyA Ahe. pratyAkhyAna he AtmyAzI nigaDita Ahe. taseca te karmasiddhAMta va punarjanmAzIhI nigaDita Ahe. tyAmuLe vivekapUrvaka sAvadhakriyAMcA 216

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tyAga karAvA. pApa he nehamI ApalyA marjIne hota asate ANi tyAlA cAlanA deta rAhilo tara vinAzAtaca tyAce pariNAma hotAta. mhaNUna pratyAkhyAna he 18 pApasthAnAMce karAyace, vizeSataH kaSAyAMce karAyace. bhUtakAlIna jIvanAce prAmANikapaNAne nirIkSaNa karUna jo kAhI pAparUpI kacarA Ata paDalA Ahe, tyAcA sadgurU, aMtarAtmyAcyA sAkSIne pazcAttApa karAvA (pratikramaNAdvAre) va bhaviSyAta punhA yA duSpravRttImuLe hoNAr2yA pApabaMdhApAsUna mukta hoNyAsAThI saMkalpa karAvA. saMsArAta Ahota toparyaMta rAga, dveSarUpI kaSAya he (karmAcyA udayAmuLe) rAhaNAraca. paNa tyAcI tIvratA, ugratA rAhatA kAmA naye. hIca sAvadhAnatA, jAgarUkatA yAyalA havI. manAta satata kelelyA pApAce smaraNa he glAnIlA janma dete ANi hIca glAnI hIna bhAvanA nirmANa karate. yA pApAmuLe paraloka va ihaloka donhIkaDe niMdAnAlastI, duHkha bhogAve lAgate. durvicAra, kusaMskAra yApAsUna dUra rahANyAkaritA 'pratyAkhyAna' hI eka AdhyAtmika sAdhanA Ahe. yAne AtmA halakA ( bhArahIna) hoto, zuddha hoto. mhaNUna pApAce, parigrahAce, guptIce, samitIce, pariSahAce pratyAkhyAna gheNe yAlA jaina sAdhaneta khUpa mahattva Ahe. yA paMcamakALAta moThamoThI vrata gheU zakata nAhI, paNa choTe moThe khAnapAnaviSayaka niyama taseca itarahI niyama jase, 'Aja rAgavAyace nAhI', 'koNAcIhI niMdA karAyacI nAhI', 'mauna dhAraNa karAyace', 'ekeMdriya hiMsA TALatA yeNAra nAhI paNa saMkalpapUrvaka trasahiMsA karAyacI nAhI'. azA ApalyA ATokyAtalyA niyamAMnI tyA pratyAkhyAnAce ojhe vATaNAra nAhI. paNa pratyAkhyAna ghetaleca nAhI tara karmabaMdhahI cukaNAra nAhIta. 217

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pratyAkhyAnAlA prayatnapUrvaka ANi tIvra AtmazaktIcI joDa lAgate. vicAra karaNAr2yA manuSyayonItaca hI sarva kSamatA Ahe. pratyAkhyAna he cetanaca gheU zakatAta, ajIva te gheU zakata nAhIta. paMceMdriya manuSya icchA asalyAsa bar2yAca pramANAta ANi paMceMdriya tiryaMca he alpa pramANAta pratyAkhyAna gheU zakatAta. kSetrAcyA prabhAvAmuLe nArakI va devagatItale jIva pratyAkhyAna gheU zakata nAhIta. upasaMhAra : jaina dharmAta sarvAta mahattvAcA siddhAMta. mahAvIrAMnI pratyAkhyAna va pratikramaNAlA nitya AcArAta sthAna dile Ahe. AhArAcyA maryAdA ghyA, asA saMketa miLAlA nasUna 18 pApasthAne va kaSAya yAMcI jANIva karUna dilI Ahe. ___ sarva sAdhuAcAra pratyAkhyAnAzI joDalelA Ahe. ___ zubhasaMkalpa heca pratyAkhyAnAce sAra hoya. pratyAkhyAna he phakta AhArAceca nasUna bhAvazuddhIlA mahattva Ahe. sukhAsamAdhAnAta asalelyA vyaktIne, 'kuThe thAMbAyace' he TharavAve ANi heca pratyAkhyAna zikavite. ApalyAta asalelI pramAdatA, avivekatA naSTa karaNe ANi jAgarUkatA nirmANa karaNe hAca pratyAkhyAna gheNyAmAgIla hetU hoya. pratyAkhyAna gheNe, saMyama pALaNe he mokSaprAptIce sAdhana hoya. ____ hI 18 pApasthAne asalI tarI tyA aMta:pravRttI Aheta. mAnavI svabhAvAta daDalelyA bhAvabhAvanA Aheta. tyA nAkArUna cAlata nAhIta. tyAMcA nAza 218

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karatA yeta nAhI. tyA yogya, ucita, saMyata ThevAvyAta. yA bhAvanAMnA thoDIhI uttejanA dilI, thArA dilA tara to pratyAkhyAnAcA bhaMga hoIla. he sarva jANUna SaTjIvAMviSayI Atmyaupamya bhAva ThevAveta. tyAMce bhaya vADhIlA lAgaNAra nAhI yAsAThI vilAsitatA, phaeNzana, hausa, koNatyAhI cikitsA he sarva karatAnA tyA jIvAMviSayI karuNA ThevAvI. 219

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(16) sUtrakRtAMga (2) : kAhI vizeSa vyaktirekhA - jyotsnA muthA sUtrakRtAMgAcA mukhya viSaya 'svasamaya' va 'parasamaya' Ahe. ahiMsA, aparigraha, AhAra, sAdhucaryA, 18 pApasthAne, kriyAsthAne, pratyAkhyAnAce mahattva, guru-ziSya saMbaMdha, tyAga-virati, samAdhimaraNa yAMdvAre svasiddhAMta' sAMgitalA Ahe. tara bauddha, sAMkhya, vaidika, cArvAka i. darzane va paMcamahAbhUtavAda, tajjIvatccharIravAda, IzvarakAraNikavAda va niyativAda i. vAdAMce ThikaThikANI ullekha karUna 'parasiddhAMta' darzavilA Ahe. yA sarvAMcA ekatrita paricaya hoto to 'puNDarIka', 'ArdrakIya' va 'nAlaMdIya' yA adhyayanAta AlelyA saMvAdAMdvAre. tyAta uThUna disaNAr2yA vyaktirekhA mhaNaje 'gozAlaka', 'Ardraka', 'gautama' va 'pArkhApatya peDhAlaputra'. 1) gozAlaka : sUtrAMta pratyakSa nAmollekha nAhI. cUrNikAra, TIkAkArAcyA AdhAre taseca bhagavatIsUtrAtIla 15 vyA zatakAcyA AdhAre, gozAlaka svataHlA mahAvIrAMcA ziSya samajato. satata tyAMcyA mAgomAga phirata va tapa karata maMkhalIputra gozAlaka aneka praznAMnI mahAvIrAMnA bhaMDAvUna soDato. puDhe jAUna svata:cAca svataMtra 'AjIvaka' saMpradAya sthApana karUna, mahAvIrAMpekSA jAsta ziSyasamudAya jamavaNArA, svata:lAca tIrthaMkara mhaNavaNArA, AtmaprauDhI asA gozAlaka mahAvIrAMcyA darzanAlA nighAlelyA ArdrakAlA madhyeca aDavUna - 'mahAvIra kase duTappI AcaraNa karaNAre, Darapoka, vaNika, caMcalavRttIce, lokasamUhAta vAvaraNAre', azI bharapeTa niMdA karato. to dhADasI va matsarI asUna svata:cyAca sAdhUMce sacittajala, bIjakAya, AdhAkarmI AhAra, strIsevana i. AcArAce chAtIThokapaNe samarthanahI karato. asA hA 'spaSTavaktA' gozAlaka. 220

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2) Ardraka : gozAlakAcyA agadI ulaTa kI jyAne mahAvIrAMnA ajUna pratyakSa pAhilehI nAhI. anArya dezAtalA, kevaLa jAtismaraNAmuLe pravrajyA dhAraNa kelelA, mahAvIrAMcyA darzanAcyA atIva oDhIne nighAlelA, paraMtu tarIhI rastyAta bheTalelyA gozAlakAcyA pratyeka AkSepAlA mArmikapaNe khoDUna kADhaNArA asA Ardraka. yAvarUnaca tyAcA nirgrathadharmAvara dRDha vizvAsa disUna yeto. 'vaNikAcI upamA ekadezIya kazI satya Ahe, kAraNa te sarvAMcA Atmika lAbha pAhUna upadeza detAta, paNa sarvathA vyApArI nAhIta' hehI paTavUna deto. yAvarUna raMgUnI raMgAta sAr2yA, raMga mAjhA vegaLA' yA padyAcI AThavaNa karUna deNAre ase mahAvIra hote, he ArdrakAcyA vivecanAtUna spaSTa hote. Ardraka buddhimAna va vAkpaTU hotA. to buddhAcyA AhArAcI upahAsAtmaka TIkA karato tara salagI dAkhavaNAr2yA sAMkhyAMnA jhaTakUna TAkato. asA hA vyavahArI' Ardraka. gautama, 4) pArkhApatya peDhAlaputra : he doghe dona vegavegaLyA tIrthaMkarAMcyA paraMparetale. tarI sahaja zaMkA vicAraNArA pArzvanAthAMcyA paraMparetIla peDhAlaputra. tyAcyA manAta pratyAkhyAnAviSayI gairasamaja Ahe, ajJAna Ahe, anabhijJatA Ahe. tarIhI saMkoca na karatA pRcchA karato. 'gautama' pUrvAzramIce prakAMDa paMDita tara AtA bha. mahAvIrAMce prathama gaNadhara tarIhI nirabhimAnI. gautamAne peDhAlaputrAlA trasa va trasabhUta zabdAtIla sAdharmya dAkhavUna supratyAkhyAnAce digdarzana, vividha udAharaNAdvAre karavile. AbhAra na mAnatA, jANAr2yA peDhAlaputrAlA ApalyA vakilI buddhIne, kRtajJatA vyakta karaNyAsa bhAga pADale. peDhAlaputrAnehI ApaNa AdhIcyA paraMparetIla asUnahI ApalI cUka mAnya karUna, cAturyAmadharma soDUna, sapratikramaNa paMcamahAvratAtmakadharmAcA 221

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aMgIkAra kelA. gautamAne vinayapUrvaka mahAvIrAMkaDUna tyAlA paMcamahAvratAtmaka dharma deUna, zramaNasaMghAta sammIlita kele. yAvarUna udakapeDhAlaputrAcI satya jANaNyAcI va pacaviNyAcI vRttI tara gautama he 'vidyA vinayena zobhate' ce pratIka. upasaMhAra : varIla vyaktirekhAMmuLe sUtrakRtAMgAtIla mukhya viSayAlA puSTI miLate. jase ekhAdyA citrapaTAta jara khalanAyaka nasela tara nAyakAce kartRtva disUna yeta nAhI, tyApramANe gozAlakAsArakhA kRtaghna ziSya nasatA tara mahAvIrAMcI AdhyAtmika uMcI disalI nasatI. tyAMcyA vicArAMce maMthana karaviNyAsa va paMcamahAvratAMce navanIta kADhaNyAta gozAlakAcyA AropAMcA khUpa moThA vATA Ahe. evaDhe asUnahI gozAlakAcyA 'niyativAdA'lA SaDdarzanAta sthAna miLAle nAhI hehI Azcaryaca ! svata:ce mata svaccha va spaSTa asela tara virodhIhI ApalAsA karatA yeto, he gautama-peDhAlaputrAcyA saMvAdAvarUna spaSTa hote je AjacyA rAjakAraNyAsa upayogI Ahe. aneka matapravAha asale tarI vAdavivAda na karatA susaMvAda sAdhatA yeto, yAvarahI yethe prakAza paDato. samanvayavRttI, kRtajJatA, parasparAMmadhIla Adara i. guNAMcI jopAsanAhI disUna yete. gautama - mahAvIra mhaNaje 'graMtha' adhyayanAtIla guru-ziSya nAtyAcA Adarza paripAka hoya, je AjacyA zikSaNa vyavasthesAThI atizaya mArgadarzaka Ahe. thoDyA phAra truTI vagaLatA 'svasamaya-parasamaya' yA keMdrasthAnI asalelyA viSayAlA, varIla vyaktirekhAMmuLe rocakatA AlI Ahe. pakSAMtara, dharmAMtara karaNAr2yAMsAThI hA jaNU Adarza vastupAThaca Ahe. 222

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1) eka gAthA meM sAra (17) sUtrakRtAMga : eka sampUrNa Agama ------ - bujjhijjatti tiuTTijjA baMdhaNaM parijANiyA / kimAha baMdhaNaM vIro, kiM vA jANaM tiuTTaI ? / / -- - sampUrNa Agama kA sAra, sUtrakRtAMga kA sampUrNa tattvacintana isa gAthA meM samAviSTa ho gayA hai / dekhane meM AtA hai ki kucha loga jJAnI haiM, para kriyA meM udAsIna haiM / kucha logoM meM kriyA hai, para ve jJAna meM udAsIna haiM / donoM prakAra ke manuSya bandhana yAnI aSTakarmabandhana aura Arambha - parigraha se dUra nahIM ho sakate / kriyAjaDa ke udAharaNa - merA to tapa hamezA cAlU rahatA kyA tapa ko samajhA ? rasanendriya para saMyama AyA ? maiM to mandira gaye binA pAnI bhI nahIM kyA bhagavAna ko samajhA ? maiM to roja kI cAra sAmAyika karatI hU~ pItI kyA samatAbhAva AyA ? haMsA nahAra maiM to jainaoNlaoNjI kI parIkSA meM hamezA prathama kucha AyA ? zuSkajJAnI kA udAharaNa AtI hU~ - AcAra meM jainadarzana kA eka mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta 'jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokSaH / ' 2) tIna adhyAya jisameM anya matoM, darzana evaM unakI mAnyatAoM kI carcA - a) svasamaya aura parasamaya kA pratipAdana hai aisA prathama zrutaskandha kA prathama 'samaya' adhyayana / ba) jahA~ aneka darzanoM yA dRSTiyoM kA saMgama hotA hai aisA prathama zrutaskandha kA bArahavA~ 'samavasaraNa' adhyayana / 223

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ka) zveta kamala kI upamA ke mAdhyama se dharma, dharmatIrtha tathA nirvANa ke mahattva ko samajhAnevAlA, eka lalita kAvya / kalpanA kA rasAsvAda karAnevAlA dvitIya zrutaskandha kA prathama puNDarIka' adhyayana / AdhArastambha, tIna tattva haiM - jIva, jagat, AtmA / parantu bhAratIya saMskRti mukhya rUpa se AtmA ke irdagIrda ghUmatI hai / AtmA ke bandhana evaM mukti hI pratyeka dharmadarzana kA lakSya hai / AtmavAda, karmavAda, paralokavAda, mokSavAda ina cAra vicAroM meM bhAratIya darzanoM ke sAmAnya siddhAnta samAviSTa hote haiM / usa samaya kitanI dhAraNAe~ aura matamatAntara calate the ? 363 mata the / bha. mahAvIra ne sabhI mAnyatAoM ko, syAdvAda kI sthApanA kara, samanvaya karate hue usa yuga ko prabhAvita kiyA / unakI mAnyatAe~ mAtra bauddhika hI nahIM, vyAvahArika bhI haiM / yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga jainadarzana kA grantha hai, phira bhI usameM jainetara mAnyatAoM kA vivecana isalie prAsaMgika hai ki sAdhaka vibhinna dhAraNAoMmAnyatAoM ko samajhakara, yathArtha ko sampUrNa AsthA aura zraddhA ke sAtha svIkAra kare / kyoMki mithyAtva kI beDI sabase bhayAnaka hai / 3) dArzanika saMvAda - yaha eka dArzanika saMvAda hai jo upaniSadoM ke zailI kI yAda dilAtA hai / dvitIya zrutaskandha kA chaThA~ 'ArdrakIya' adhyayana pA~coM matAvalambiyoM (gozAlaka, bauddhabhikSu, brAhmaNa, ekadaNDI, parivrAjaka (sAMkhya), hastitApasa) ke sAtha ArdrakakumAra kA jo vAda-prativAda huA, usakA isameM saMkalana hai / isameM Ardrakamuni sarasa-kathA zailI meM, saMvAdoM ke rUpa 224

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meM, bhrAnta mAnyatAoM kA nirAkaraNa karake, svamAnyatA kI prasthApanA, baDI sahajatA ke sAtha karate haiM / 'AikkhamANo vi sahassamajjhe egaMtayaM sArayatI tahacce / ' (2.6.4) adhyAtmayoga kI yaha mahAna anubhUti Ardraka ne sirpha do zabdoM meM hI vyakta karake gozAlaka kI bAhya dRSTi-parakatA ko lalakAra diyA hai / kyoMki ve abhI taka unase mile nahIM the / saMvAdoM meM isa prakAra kI AdhyAtmika anubhUtiyoM se ArdrakIya adhyayana baDA hI rocaka va zikSAprada bana gayA hai / upasaMhAra : dvitIya aMga Agama kI tulanA bauddha paramparA mAnya 'abhidhammapiTaka' se kI jAtI hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM jahA~ jainadarzana kI pramukha mAnyatAoM kA varNana-vizleSaNa hai, vahIM bhAratIya saMskRti meM upajI samasta mAnyatAoM kA bhI vistArapUrvaka prAmANikatA se vivecana hai / agara koI yaha kahe ki eka sampUrNa Agama kA nAma batAie, jise paDhane para sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana tathA jaina AcArasaMhitA kA adhyayana ho sake, to ni:saMdeha sUtrakRtAMga kA nAma sarvaprathama ubhara AtA hai / darzana ke sAtha jIvana vyavahAra ke ucca Adarza bhI yahA~ upasthita haiM / kapaTa, ahaMkAra, jAtimada, jJAnamada Adi para bhI kaThora prahAra kiye haiM / sarala, sAtvika, sAmAjika jIvana dRSTi ko vikasita karane kI preraNA sUtrakRtAMga se milatI hai / 7) nAlaMdIya adhyayana yAta prathama gaNadhara iMdrabhUti gautamAMcA upadeza Ahe. yAmadhye prathamaca 'zrAvakAcAra' mAMDalA Ahe. 225

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sarva aMgAMce sAra mhaNaje 'AcArAMga' yAta ahiMsA, samatA, vairAgya, pramAda i. mudde Aheta. kaThINa, kliSTa lahAna sUtrAtUna gahana artha sAMgitalA Ahe. bhadrabAhUMnA hA apurA vATalA. mhaNUna tyAMnI bhAga dona joDalA asAvA, ase eka mata Ahe. dusar2yA zrutaskaMdhAta tyAMnI sAdhUMsAThI vastra, pAtra, bhikSA, cAturmAsa he sarva niyama sAMgitale Aheta. samajAyalA sope Ahe. prathama bhAgAta saMkSipta sUtre tara dusar2yA bhAgAta moThamoThI vAkye Aheta. AcArAMgAce zrutaskaMdha vegaLe Aheta. tara sUtrakRtAMgAce donhI bhAga ekamekAlA pUraka asUna va padyamaya bhAga ekAca nANyAcyA dona bAjU Aheta, ase vATate. moThamoThI vAkye asalI tarI sarva arthapUrNa Aheta. upasaMhAra : vaidika paraMpareta upaniSadAMce je sthAna Ahe te jaina paraMpareta sUtrakRtAMgAce Ahe. itarAMce vicAra detAnA tyAMce jainIkaraNa kele nAhI. yAta jainAMcyA manAcA prAMjaLapaNA disato. sUtrakRtAMgAcyA carcA jevaDhyA jJAnAcyA bAjUne jAtAta tevaDhyAca vyavahArAcyA bAjUnehI jAtAta. pustakIjJAna heca kevaLa jJAna nasUna, vyavahArajJAna hehI jJAna asalyAmuLe nAgarikazAstrAce vegaLe dhaDe deNyAcI garaja jainAMnA ekA arthAne nAhIca. 226

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(18) sUtrakRtAMga ( 2 ) : eka ciMtanasaptaka arjuna nirvANa sUtrakRtAMgAcyA dusar2yA zrutaskaMdhAta ekUNa sAta adhyayane Aheta. yAtIla kAhIzA vegaLyA vATaNAr2yA goSTIMcA adhyayanakramAne kelelA hA vicAra - -- 1) puMDarIka adhyayana ekA sarovarAcyA madhyabhAgI asaNAr2yA suMdara kamaLAcyA prAptIsAThI cArahI dizAMnI AlelyA puruSAMnI kelele prayatna va tyAMnA tyAta Alele apayaza. tara ekA bhikSUne kevaLa tIrAvara ubhe rAhUna AvAhana karatAca, tyA kamaLAce svata:hUna tyAkaDe jANe asA hA dRSTAMta. yA dRSTAMtAta AjacyA Adhunika 'vyavasthApana zAstrAtIla' kAhI rahasye daDalelI Aheta, ase malA jANavale. 'jo utkRSTatecA dhyAsa gheto, tyAce dhyeya ApaNahUna tyAkaDe yete', asA saMdeza yAta dilelA disato. paraMtu tyAsAThI 'na thakatA avirata parizrama karaNyAcA maMtrahI japAyalA havA, yAce digdarzanahI yAta ADhaLate. vyavasthApana zAstrAtalyA vidvAnAMnI yA bhUmiketUna he adhyayana abhyAsAyalA have. ' 2) kriyAsthAna adhyayana pahilyA adhyayanAtIla dhyeyaprAptIcyA dRSTIne kelele prayatna mhaNaje 'kriyAsthAna' adhyayanAtIla 'karmAMce prakAra'. yAtahI bhara dilelA Ahe to vAITa kriyAsthAnAMvara. ase kA asAve ? koNAhI vyaktIlA bhuraLa paDate tI azA itarAMce apriya hoNAr2yA goSTIMcI. tyAtUna kadAcita AsurI samAdhAna miLata asAve. udA. dUradarzanavarIla sarva mahilApriya mAlikA, gunhegArIviSayaka bAtamyA i. yAcA dUsarA pailU asAhI asU zakato kI mANasAlA tyAcyA vATevarIla 227 - -- -

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aDacaNI, aDathaLe, khAcakhaLage yAMcI kalpanA dyAvI, jeNekarUna mArgakramaNa karaNe sulabha vhAve. AhAraparijJA - sarva jIva koNatA AhAra karatAta he sAMgatAnA yethe vanaspatikAyikAMce savistara vargIkaraNa dile Ahe. kevaLa nirIkSaNAtUna hI zAstrIya mAhitI ApalyApuDhe tyAMnI ThevalI Ahe. AjacyAsArakhI upakaraNe tyAkALI upalabdha asatI tara tyAMcehI ajUna adhika savistara vargIkaraNa kele gele asate. paNa Ahe tIhI mAhitI atyaMta maulika va abhyAsapUrNa vATate. AjacyA vanaspatizAstrajJAMnI, jIvazAstrIya jANakArAMnI, bhUgarbhazAstrajJAMnI yAcA abhyAsa karUna tyAtIla zAstra puDhe ANale pAhije. taseca sarva jIva he sacittaca AhAra karatAta hehI ThAmapaNe sAMgUna, ApalyA bhrAmaka samajutIMnA eka nizcita dhakkA deUna, vicArapravRtta kele Ahe he nakkI . va 5) pratyAkhyAnakriyA adhyayana va nAlaMdIya adhyayana - 'pratyAkhyAna' hI mahAvIrAMcI jainadarzanAlA dilelI moThI deNagIca mhaNAvI lAgela. prAyaH 'sarvaca jIva apratyAkhyAnI asatAta', ase sAMgUna doSAMsakaTa sarva saMsArI jIvAMcA svIkAra kelAta, heca Apale moThepaNa. paNa jIvAMcI sArvayonikatA asalyAmuLe pApityAMnA pratyAkhyAna virodhAce hatyAra miLAle. hA aMtargata saMgharSadekhIla samarthapaNe hAtALalA. zrAvakAcArAtahI pratyAkhyAnAce mahattva tarkadRSTyA paTavUna deUna tyAce susthApana kele va te itake dRDha jhAle kI Aja te dainaMdina jIvanAta ruLUna gele. 228

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6 ) AcArazruta adhyayana sAdhUMcyA vAksaMyamAcA ullekha karatAnA to kevaLa tyAMcA na rAhatA, sarva mAnavAMnA lAgU paDato. kAraNa AjacyA atisaMvedanazIla yugAta bolaNyAvara lagAma ghAtalA nAhI tara kAya ghaDate, he padopadI ApaNa anubhavata Ahota. sAmAjika zAMtatA va salokhyAsAThI vacanaguptIce mahattva ananyasAdhAraNa Ahe. 7 ) ArdrakIya adhyayana - samavazaraNamadhIla vegavegaLyA matapravAhAtIla kAhI saMpradAyAMcyA vicAradhArAMnI, jainAMnA dilele AvAhana yAta disUna yete. mahAvIrAMnA kadhIhI na pAhilelyA ArdrakAlA, ApalyA saMpradAyAta sAmIla karaNyAsAThI gozAlaka, bauddha, vaidika brAhmaNa, sAMkhyazramaNa va hastitApasa yAMce prayatna. tyAtahI mahAvIrAMcA sahavAsa lAbhalelA gozAlaka mahAvIrAMvara jAsta prakAza TAkato. itara anyamatI mAtra AhAracarcetaca aDakUna rAhatAta, hI yAtIla moThI uNIva disate. paNa anyamatAvalaMbiyAMcyA matAMcA jasAcyA tasA ullekha karaNe, yAta jainadarzanAcA 'udAramatavAdI' dRSTikoNa disUna yeto, jo ApalyA vAgaNyAta ANalA pAhije. -- AcArAMgAcI suravAta 'SaDjIvanikAya va tyAMcyA rakSene' jhAlI tara sUtrakRtAMgAcA zevaTa 'SaDjIvanikAyAMcyA rakSeneca' jhAlA Ahe. azA prakAre AcArAMga va sUtrakRtAMgAcyA sarva adhyayanAtUna samatA va ahiMsecA aMta:pravAha jhuLajhuLata Ahe. tyAlA pratyAkhyAnAcI joDa deUna dainaMdina jIvanAcA eka bhAga banaviNyAce moThe kArya kele Ahe. hAca Azaya bAkIbAba (kavivarya bA. bha. borakara) ApalyA suMdara kavitetUna vyakta to asA kI 'jIvana tyAMnA kaLale ho, mIpaNa jyAMce pakva karatAta. phaLApari, sahajapaNAne gaLale ho. ' 229 -

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(19) malA bhAvalele AcArazruta lInA saMcetI parivartana hA nisargAcA niyama Ahe va Ajace yuga he vyAvahArika va vaijJAnika yuga Ahe. vijJAnAta kArya-kAraNa- bhAva (cause-effect-relation) asalyAne Apale mhaNaNe paTavUna deNyAta to yazasvI jhAlA Ahe. tarIsuddhA satkAryavAda va asatkAryavAda hyA dona dRSTikonAMmuLe kAhI goSTI vijJAnAlA suddhA gRhItaca mAnUna cAlAvyA lAgatAta. dArzanika jagAta jethe jethe jJAna va samyaktvAce varNana yete tethe tethe AcArAcehI varNana yeteca. sUtrakRtAMgAcyA dusar2yA zrutaskaMdhAtIla 'AcArazruta' adhyayanAta AcAra-anAcAra, navatattva, SaTdravya yAviSayI carcA tara Aheca paNa tyAcabarobara anekAMtavAdI dRSTikoNAcI sImAreSA va vANIcA viveka hehI yA adhyayanAce vaiziSTya Ahe. AcArazruta adhyayana AvaDaNyAce kAraNa ase kI, yAta vijJAnAsArakhI aneka kRtye, Theory of Relativity sArakhyA aneka saMjJA Aheta. paribhASA jarI vegaLI asalI tarI sAmyahI Ahe. 'zUnyavAda', 'mAyAvAda' yA goSTI jainAMnA mAnya nAhIta. sUtrakArAne yAta astitvAtIla AdhArabhUta tattvAMvara, 'sAdhUMnIca kAya tara koNatyAhI sAmAnya vyaktinehI ekAMgI vicAra karU naye', azA goSTIMcI yAdI joDIrUpAne dilI Ahe. bha. mahAvIrAMnI 'ii diTThi na dhArae', 'iti vAyaM na nIsare' - azA prakAre koNatI dRSTI dhAraNa karAvI va kazAprakAre vANIcA saMyama ThevAvA, yAvara dilelA bhara disUna yeto. jagAtIla sagaLyA bhUmitI yA mAnavI manAcyA saMjJA Aheta. 'lokaaloka'madhIla koNAcyAhI najareta na basalele 'aloka' astitvAta Ahe va hI 230

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saMkalpanA jainAMnIhI mAnalI Ahe. kevaLa 'jIvA'lAca zreSThatva na detA 'ajIvA'lAhI tevaDheca mahattva deNAre jainaca hota. 'dharma-adharmA'lA gatI-sthitIzIla mAnUna AjacyA bhautikazAstrAtalA javaLacA siddhAMta mAMDalelA ADhaLato. vyAvahArika jIvanAta 'mokSAevaDheca' 'baMdhanAlAhI' mahattva dile Ahe. AyuSyabhara baMdhanAta rAhaNArI mAnasikatAhI kharIca Ahe va tyApalIkaDacA 'mokSa' mhaNaje suTakA, hIhI tevaDhIca mahattvAcI Ahe. naitika dRSTikonAcyA saMkalpanetUna jainAMcI aTharA 'pApasthAne' va naU 'puNyAMcI' saMkalpanA jagAta sarvamAnya Ahe, he mAtra disata nAhI. ulaTa je ApalyA vATyAlA Ale Ahe, te prAmANikapaNe pAra pADaNe, hA moThA naitika sadguNaca sarvamAnya Ahe. hI nItimUlye AcaraNAta ANatAnA vyAvahArika garajA vADhaviNe mhaNaje 'Asrava' va tyA kamI karaNe mhaNaje 'saMvara'ca hoya. AcArazruta adhyayanAta 'vAk - saMyamA'lAhI khUpa mahattva dile Ahe. yethe 'sApekSatAvAda' khUpa lAgU paDato. zaMkA utpanna karaNAr2yA kAhI goSTIMcI vidhAne karU nayeta, tara kAhI vidhAne dravya-kSetra - kAla - bhAvApramANe na lAvatA, dainaMdina vyavahArApramANe lokakathana karaNyAkaDe mahAvIrAMcA oDhA disato. taseca kAhI aMtarmukha karaNAr2yA goSTI sAmUhika nasUna vaiyaktika asatAta. jase - muktI, mokSa, kevalajJAna, agadI ekaTepaNAsuddhA. sUtrakRtAMgAtIla vaicArika udAramatavAda, sarva jagAkaDe pAhaNyAcI dRSTI yA zrutaskaMdhAta ADhaLate. sAmudAyika pravacanAtUna disalelA bhAvanika pAvitryAcA mULa gAbhA kAyama ThevUna, 'kALAnusAra parivartana', hA jainadharmAcA svabhAva jANavato. 'ApaNa uccAralele pratyeka vAkya he ekAMgI satya asU zakate', hA sApekSatAvAda manAta ghara karUna gelA. 231

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satyAlA pAhaNyAcyA dRSTikoNAce aneka aMza disUna Ale. vyakta karaNAr2yA zabdAlA maryAdA Aheta hA sApekSatAvAda, dusar2yA arthAne anekAMtavAda mhaNaje khule mana. satya he atyaMta vyAmizra Ahe. kAhI goSTI tAtkAlika asatAta tara kAhI traikAlika satya asatAta. vacanaguptIce pAlana kase mahattvAce va jAhIra pratikriyA kazI ghAtaka asU zakate, hIdekhIla yA adhyayanAtUna miLAlelI jANIva hoya. 'asela', 'asU zakela' kiMvA 'aselahI kadAcit'-azI svata:lA samajavaNyAcI tAkada miLAlI. anekAMtavAda he kevaLa dharmatattva nasUna te AyuSyAta pratyakSa vyavahArAta utaravaNyAce tattva Ahe. hAca sApekSatAvAda, hAca anekAMtavAda, hIca bauddhika udAratA va sahanazIlatA mAjhyAtahI yAvI hIca bhAvanA !!! 232