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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[MARCH, 1883.
Nanda era. But since the passage quoted above from Mr. Fleet's inscription is beyond suspicion, I must venture to maintain my belief, until further inquiries confirm this.view which is forced upon me, or refute it. Oxford.
DR. E. LEUMANN.
used burial-grounds of Aden, and commemorates "a virtuous free woman the mother of Abdallah the emancipated slave of the glorious Sultan Yehia bin Abi-s-sadâd al Muwaffak al Thagari al Islami. Died at Awan on the last day of Ramadhân in the year 563." It is "inscribed by Muhammad bin Barakat bin Ali Harami."
Awan is perhaps the old name of Aden itself; at any rate it was almost certainly in the immediate vicinity. The Harami tribe still exists in Hadhramaut.
AN ADEN EPITAPH. An epitaph has been discovered in a mosque at Aden, dated A.H. 563 (A.D. 1168). It is supposed to have been brought from one of the dis
ASIATIC SOCIETIES. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal is Bhikshus were fed and religious ceremonies gone rather falling into arrears, No. 2 of the volume through, and even then he would die in his for 1882 having only been published in September
seventh year. Avalokitês vara-Khasharpana, howlast. It is mostly occupied with a continuation of ever, appeared to him and advised him to go to Babu Sarat Chandradas's contributions on the NAlendra, where he would escape death. There Religion, History, &c. of Tibet. These papers are he was ordained a Bhikshu by the high priest Sriinteresting, and it is only to be regretted that the Saraha-Bhadra, whom he afterwards succeeded. author does not prepare his work with more atten. Vajrisana or Buddha-Gaya was then the headtion to details of uniformity of spelling, clearness quarters of the Sråvakas-as the decaying Hinayana of statement, &c., or that the papers are not more sect was then called, and Nålendra of the Mahacarefully edited. The contributions here present- yana school. He surrounded the great temple of ed contain: (1) The rise and progress of Jiñ or Mahagandhóla or the mansion of fragrance,' Buddhism in China, translated from the Dub-thah with a stone railing, which he furnished with belkyi Maloñ, prefaced by short accounts of the Vajragavaksha or precious riches,' and outside Mô-tee, Li-ye-tee, Chwân-tse secte, and that of Yu. of which he erected 108 smaller chapels. He also su, which preceded Buddhism in China and some surrounded the great shrine of Sri Dhányawhat resembled it; then comes the usual account kata ka with railings. At this period, " Mañja, of the introduction of Buddhism from India: the king of Otisha (Orissa). with thousand of his contributions to its literature, &c. which it received subjects embraced Buddhism." In Málva, " in from Tibet; the five Buddhist schools in China, the city of Dhara, king Bhôjadeva with many viz:-1. The Vinaya or Hinayana; 2. The Mantra hundreds of his subjects embraced Buddhism." or Tántrika; 3. The Vaipulya-Darsana or Maha- He erected "many vihậras in Pratâpesa, Oțisha, yana; 4. The Gabhira-Darśana or Sunyata; and, Bangala, and the country of Ikshuvardhana. 5. The Sarartha-Darsana schools. (2) The sacred In the latter part of his life Nagarjuna visited literature and philosophy of ancient China, trans- Dakshina, where he did many things for the lated from the same source; the Bon (Pon) religion preservation of the Southern congregation." In in China; and the Ho-u-se or Hoi-hoi, appa- Dravida he overcame in a disputation two famous rently a Muhammadan sect, of which the Tibetan Brahmans-Madhu and Supramadhu-who became author seems to have had but a low opinion :- converts. He is said to have been a great friend he says, "they send the spirits of all animals of king De-chye (Sarkara), of Southern India, killed by them to The-pan, who takes charge with whom he entered into a compact to live and of them. The spirits of those that are killed die. The king's life was thus secured by the saint's; by others, who are not Hoi-hoi, are damned. but in this king's old age the mother of the A Hoi-hoi will not eat the flesh of an animalheir-apparent advised her son to ask Nagarjuna that has been slain by outsiders;" and, he adds, for his head. This he did, and the saint showed " these wicked people certainly turn into pigs
him he could only be killed with a blade of after their death, for which reason they do not Kuba grass. This is followed by (4) Detached touch pork, the touch of which brings defilement, notices of different Buddhist schools in Tibet. and the eating of which destroys their intellect The other paper is the first part of one by Mr. and understanding." (3) The life and legend of Grierson on Manbodh's Haribans, containing the Nagarjuna, the founder of the Madhyamika school. text of a Maithili poem, by a poet named Manbodh According to this account he was the only son or Bholan Jha, who died about A.D. 1788. The of a Brahman of Vidarbha, whose death the interest of this is purely philological. astrologers predicted in a week unless a hundred The Proceedings of the same Society also is in
