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170
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[JUNE, 1883.
misunderstood the descriptive title of Kong chu, and made a proper name of it. He tells us che princess was called Kuchu Khatun, and adds although Chinghiz had no children by her he held her in high honour. She lived until the time of his grandson Arikbuka. This campaign added immensely, no doubt, to the prestige of Chinghiz. To break down the frontier de- fences of the renowned Kin empire, to capture so many of its towns and to butcher so many of its people ; finally, to secure a princess of its Imperial family as his bride, was assuredly, to a leader of Asiatic nomades, drinking deep from the cup of glory and success, and we may well believe that the loads of treasure which his people carried off wrought a strange social revolution among the unsophisticated shepherds and herdismen of the desert.
The condition of the Kin empire on the other hand was most critical. It is true the Mongols had withdrawn, but they had only done so after ruining the land and squeezing it of its wealth and resources, whilo Liau-tung, that frontier province which lay between China and the ancient home of the Churchis or Kin Tartars, was in the hands of a rebel prince, who was sustained by the Mongols, and to whom his territory formed an easy gateway into China. We are not surprised that the Kin Emperor, who had seen the various vaunted defences of the empire crumble at the assault of the Mongols, should have felt that his capital city of Yen-king was no longer a safe residence; and should have suggested a migration of the court to Pien-leang or Pien-king, now called Kai-fung-fu, situated on the southern bank of the Yellow River in Honan, and which was the Nan-king or southern capital of the Kin dynasty.
Tuk-tan-i urged upon the Emperor that by this policy he would lose the northern provinces
of the empire, while the Nan-king to which he proposed to retire was surrounded by enemies on all sides; having the Sung on the south, the empire of Hia on the west, the Mongols on the north, while Liau-tung which was the cradle of the Kin empire was strong by situation, being protected by the sea and by inaccessible mountains. He urged that advantage should be taken of the peace to make new levies to reinforce the troops and train them well, and to replenish the magazines and arsenals. This advice was seconded by that of the other chief ministers, but the Emperor would not be convinced, and shortly after Tu-shani, whose fidelity, sagacity and uprightness made him universally respected, died. He now nominated Wanianfu-hing or Fu-sing, generalissimo of the troops. With him was nominated as a colleague, Monian Tsin-Chong, and the Tszosyan, i.e. second minister, called Tsin-juna in the Huang-yuan and Muyen-tsin-chung by Douglas. They were to defend Yen-king, and to assist by their counsel the heir to the throne, Shen-shun (called Shochung by Douglas), who was to remain behind and encourage the citizens. Having made all his preparations, the Emperor set out in the sixth month of 1214 for Pien-leang, with the people of his household and those officers who were not disposed to run the risk of an. other encounter with the Mongols. When he arrived at Leang-hiang, a town sitnated five leagues to the south-west of the modern Peking, he demanded from his troops the return of the horses and cuirasses which had been supplied to them for the defence of the capital, and which inasmuch as he had no more enemies to conquer he deemed would not be wanted. This caused a mutiny. The cavalry which was escorting him put to death their general Soowen, and chose three others
10 Huan-yuan, p. 186: Erdmann, Temudachin, p. 446.
Si The Yuan-chao-pi-shi makes Chinghiz after retiring from Chins on this occasion march against His, btat it would seem that it hn transferred to this year the campaign which with n .ch greater probability is assigned by the other authorities to the year 1209 or 1910. I have already given their accounts, but having over looked this one in the Yuan-chao-pi-shi will now incorporate it. This authority calls the ruler of Hia, Burkhan, and says he submitted to Chinghiz and presented his daughter, Chakhadi, to him, saying :-"Having heard of your glory, O King, we have even before this been afraid. Now we shall become your right hand and serve you diligently. We are really a settled people, living in towns, therefore in case of a hurried campaign we cannot reach you quickly. But if your favour will
extend to us, we will always pay you the products of our country as tribute, camels, woollen stuffs and falcons." Having collected from his people so many camels that they could not be driven straight he presented them to Chinghia, who now returned to Saari-keer(1.e. the Yellow Plains, by the Onon), and encamped there. All this, as I have said, must be understood to be a parenthesis introduced here by accident, and properly referring to the years 1209 and 1210. 59 De Mailla, tome IX, p. 62.
- He is called Fusin by Hyacinthe, and in the Huang. yum, Rashidu'd-din styles him Fu-king Ching Sang, (i.e. the minister Fu-sing) by De Mailla and Gaubil he is called Wanian Chinhoei.
Hyacinthe, p. 68; Douglas, p. 74; DeMailla, tome IX. p. 63 Gaubil, pp. 23 and 24: Huang yuan, p. 186.
