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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
gifts exposed for seven days on pieces of felt, which, says the history of Yeliu-Liuko, was to propitiate the sky. After this ceremony he accepted the presents, and honoured Sietu greatly. Liuko sent a census of the families subject to him, which numbered 600,000. Towards the end of 1215 he went in person to do homage."1
It may be that it was the dubious allegiance of his subjects which enabled his rival to set up authority in Liau-tung,-at all events we do not read of the latter being at once displaced, but the following year, we are told, he sent his son, Terge, with his allegiance to Chinghiz, but shortly after rebelled and usurped authority over Eastern Hia, (called Eastern Sia by Hyacinthe). This is stated in the Huang-yuan and also by Rashidu'd-din. The former says that when the Kin emperor moved to his southern capital he appointed Chao-tao and Yenu Suanfus, i.e., commissaries of Sian-pin and other districts. He afterwards transferred the administration to Khabi-alan, who presently submitted to the Mongols, and sent his son Tienge as a hostage, but he soon matinied and styled himself Tun-sia-van. Rashidu'd-din calls him Nujiu Taishi, and says he was privy counsellor of the Kin emperor, and had been entrusted with the administration of the empire when he went to Nan-king. He calls his son Tegeh, and gives his title as Ton-ging-wang.
50
Disorder was now supreme in various parts of the empire, and suspicion was everywhere rife. "At one time," we read, "a ory was raised against the Buddhist priests as traitors to their country, and this was followed by a fearful massacre which was carried out under the authority of She-gau-tun, who, however, was destined shortly to pay the penalty of his misdeeds, for on entering the Tung pass he was murdered by the hand of an assassin."
We now read how Chinghiz Khân, to reward his great general, Mu-khu-li, for his eminent services, in the last month of the year 1217, nominated him head of all the princes of his empire and generalissimo of his armies in the newly conquered countries. He sent him written patents
51 Gaubil, pp. 26 and 27.
ss Douglas, p. 82; Hyacinthe, p. 84.
sei.e. king of Eastern Sia; op. cit., p. 187.
80 Erdmann, pp. 327 and 328.
es De Mailla, vol. IX, p. 80.
Douglas, p. 88.
es Op. cit., p. 32.
Erdmann, op. cit., p. 334; D'Ohsson, vol. I, p. 161.
[OCTOBER, 1883.
63
of office and also a golden seal, i.e., probably a golden tablet cr paizah, and gave him charge of the countries south of Tai-hang-shan, and ordered that the same deference was to be paid to him as to himself, and that his cortège should be equal to his own. Gaubil tells us Chinghiz made a public eulogy in favour of Mu-khu-li, gave him the title of king, and desired that it might be hereditary in his family." The title actually conferred on Mu-khu-li was that of Kuê-wang or Ki-wang, explained by Rashidn'd-din as meaning púdishah of the country; it had been already given to him by the Chinese, and he therefore deemed it of good augury. This we learn from Rashidn'd-din.**
We will leave him and his further proceedings for the present, and turn once more to Chinghiz Khân and his doings. Whilst his generals were overrunning Northern China, he was apparently engaged in subduing the tribes of Manchuria, and in enjoying himself there. We have no details of this campaign, save a saga to which I shall revert presently, and only a bald notice of it in one authority, namely, the Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi. We there read that when Chinghiz returned back from Bei-piu by the Tsuin-kuan pass, he ordered his brother, Khasar, to go along the coast through Danin, (?) and to pass through Niujinin, i. e., to subdue the Niuchis or Jarchis, the people of Manchuria, with the division of the right hand. If they should submit he was to travel along the frontier provinces, cross the rivers Ula and Nau, and return to the camp along the river Taour." If the Jurchis should not submit he was to devastate their country. Khasar with Jurchidai and Tolun reached Danin. This town surrendered, and when they came to the Niuchis or Jurchis, their ruler, named Fu-khen, submitted, and all the other towns also surrendered. Thereupon Khasar followed up the river Taour, and returned to the chief camp." Palladius says in a note that the Mongol campaign in Manchuria is described in the Dun-go-shi-mo, where it is said apparently, that they were on the frontiers of Korea, and
i.e., probably the Sungari-Ula, and the Nonni-Ula in the direction of the Khin-gan chain.
The Taoerr, called Dalu by the Chinese, is a western tributary of the Nonni. See Palladius, note 561 to the Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi.
67 Op. cit., pp. 142 and 143, and notes. es History of Corea, and notes.
