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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[OCTOBER, 1883.
Arghassun began:-“It is said that the seventy- was drunk and I took thy Khoton lute, but I tuned bird, Tsaktsagai, becomes hushed when had no evil intention." On this Chinghiz the hawk with outspread wings directs its said :-" Thou art forgiven on account of thy flight towards it. I must also declare that clever speech, my Arghassun Khorchin, mercy I cannot say what is appropriate in the presence | is shown thee because of thy eloquence."100 of our heavenly appointed ruler. For ten He thereupon had him released, and withdrew years," I have looked after the golden lute and his sentence.1% have learnt thy wisdom and thy policy. Never This saga, however wanting in actual hiswas I known to behave ill. It is true I was torical basis, and however incongruous in some drunk and used thy golden lute, but for twenty of its statements, is assuredly not wanting in years I guarded thy Khoton lute. I listened dramatic force and local colour, and is a good to thy wisdom and humour, but I was never example of the tales current in the yurts of the noticed doing anything wrong. It is true I Mongols in early times.
MISCELLANEA. BUDDHA AND ST. JOSAPHAT.
been recognised nearly three centuries ago by Prof. Max Müller, in his interesting essay on the
Couto. After telling the story of Buddha's youth, Migration of Fables, has pointed out (also quot
the latter proceeds :ing Reinaud) that 'Ivárad, the name by which
"This prince is called in the histories of him by Buddhạ found a saint's place in the Greek inany different names. His proper name was Church calendar-transformed in the Latin Drama (Dharma) Rajo; that by which he has been legend into Josaphat-is a corruption, through known since he came to be held for a saint is the the uncertainties of Persian transcription, of
Bad & o, as much as to say, The Wise.... Bodhisattva. I have never seen it noticed how
"To this name the Gentiles throughout all strongly this suggestion is confirmed by a pas- India have dedicated great and superb pagodas. sage in the Chronology of Ancient Nations, by With reference to this story we have been diligent Albtrünt, of which the English translation by in enquiring if the ancient Gentiles of those Prof. Sachau was published in 1879. Here we parts had in their writings any knowledge of St. have mentioned (p. 186), among the "peeudo- Josaphat, who was converted by Barlam, who in his prophets," "Bad h&saf, who came forward in legend is represented as the son of a great king India." This brings us a long step nearer to of India, and who had just the same up bringing, Bodhisattva.
with all the same particulars, that we have reHaving touched on this most curious subject, counted of the life of the Budko. And as the let me say a few words on another branch of it. story of Josaphat must have been written by the I had pointed out briefly in 1875 (Marco Polo, natives ... it would seem that in the lapse of 2nd ed., vol. II, p. 308) that the identity of St. time there grew round it many fables such as they Josaphat and Buddha had been recognised by the have in the life of Budao, and these we pass by, famous Portuguese historian Diogo de Couto.
for not in two whole chapters could we rehearse This had not been observed by Mr. Rhys Davids, the stories as they have them. who, some years later, in the Introduction to
"And as a thing seems much to the purpose his translation of the Jataka Tales, observes :- which was told us about St. Josaphat by a very " It was Prof. Max Müller, who has done so much old man of the Salsete territory in Bacaim, I to infrise the glow of life into the dry bones of think it well to cite it. As I was travelling in Oriental scholarship, who first pointed out the that island of Salsete, I went to see that rare strange fact-almost incredible, were it not for and admirable pagoda which we call the Canara the completeness of the proof-that Gotama the Pagoda [i.e., the well-known Kênhari Caves] Buddha, under the name of St. Josaphat, is now made in a mountain, and with many halls cut out officially recognised and honoured and worshipped
of the solid rock-one of them as big as the throughout the whole of Catholic Christendom as larger of the mansions on the Ribeira at Lisbon a Christian saint !" (p. xli.) 4
and more than 300 chambers rising like a stairThere is nothing to correct in the spirit of this case in the mountain, each with its cistern at the passage; but, as a matter of fact, the identity had door, cut in the same solid rock, containing water ** Seadang Setzen says twenty.
and as then pardoning him. 100 Ssanang Setzen reports him as merely exclaiming : 101 Altan Topchi, pp. 134 and 138 ; Seanang Setzen, PP, "My loquacions Arghaseun, my chattering Arghaseun," | 77 and 81.
