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MAY, 1883.)
CHINGHIZ KHÂN AND HIS ANCESTORS.
135
vitriol, mushrooms, and a great quantity of out. He therefore pretended to lead his army musk, while small leopards, bears, chamois, and back. The Kin troops noticing this retreat led another kind of wild goats are found there."" their forces out and pursued Chepe, who drew The Mongols next captured the city named them after him as far as Suian-de-fu into a Tsin-ngan-hien in one place and Te-hing-fu in mountain hollow, where he turned upon them another by De Mailla, who has made two places and defeated them, after which the main body out of the two names. It is called Te-sing-fu of Chinghiz' army arrived and obtained a vicby Hyacinthe and Tih-hing by Douglas. It tory over the strongest regiments of the Kin, is now called Pao-ngan-chau, and is situated namely, the Khitans and Churchit. When north-west of the bifurcation of the rivers | Chinghiz reached Tsui-yun-kaan the roads were San-kang and Yang-ho. Timkofski tells us covered with heaps of the bodies of the slain as this town is surrounded with an excellent with rotten trees. Chepe took Tsui-yun-kuan, stone wall, and that it is pretty well built and Chinghiz traversing the pass encamped on according to the rules of Chinese architecture. the Lunkhutai." The Kiu-yung or Tsui-yunIt has in the centre a large triumphal gate withkuan or pass here named is the famous pase four entrances. The principal occupation of the leading into the plain of Peking, called the inhabitants is carpenters and joiners' work." Nan-kau pass by Europeans. It is situated Here Chinghiz seems to have been joined by about 40 miles from Peking, and is remarkable, Chepe, who had overrun Northern Shan-si as we inter alia, for a famous Mongol archway figured have described. At all events we find the latter by Colonel Yule," containing an inscription mentioned in the next operations. The Kang- in six languages, which has been illustrated in mu tells us the Mongols laid siege to the more than one paper by my learned friend Mr. town. They met with a more serious resis- Wylie. Timkofski passed through the place, tance than they expected, and were defeated at and describes it as commanding the defiles the first assault. Chinghiz Khan's fourth son, between two branches or lines of the great wall. Tului, and Chiku-fuma, called the Khân's He has a graphic description of it: "After Chiki by Hyacinthe, piqued at the resistance, having passed an arched gate," he says, " which led the way on to the ramparts covered by their is under the principal tower, we entered a shields, and cut a way for their soldiers, who large court. I felt a degree of pleasure in poured a volley of arrows on the defenders, and climbing upon the wall, the ascent to the top the place was at length taken. Its capture was of which is by steps made for the use of the followed by that of several other towns of the soldiers on duty." "Notwithstanding the department, but eventually the Mongols with many centuries which have elapsed since the drew, and these places once more fell into the erection of this wall" it was built with so much hands of the Kin. After reaching Tsin-ngan- skill and care that, far from falling to ruin, hien the Mongols advanced as far as the fortress it looks like a stone rampart produced by of Kiu-yung-kuan whose governor, Wanian Fu- nature itself to defend the northern provinces chau, frightened by the fugitives who arrived of China, Pe'chihli, Shan-si, and Shim-si, from there, fled.Douglas adds to the other accounts the invasion of the Mongols, who have not that Chepe purgued the fugitives southwards entirely lost their warlike character." through the wall and advanced on the capital. "The wall is properly composed of two thin The Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi, in describing these walls the tops of which are crenated; the interval events, tells us that Chepe and Guigunika is filled up with earth and gravel. The founwere sent forward. Chepe arrived at Tsui- dations consist of large unlewn stones; the yun-kuan. Noticing that the garrison had rest is of brick ; its height is 26 feet, and fortified itself, he said they must be enticed its breadth at the top 14 feet. Towers, in
45 ? Saigas. + Id. 293 note. ** Id. vol. II, pp. 800 and 301. " De Mailla, pp. 49 and 50; Hyacinthe, pp. 54 and 55.
* Hyacinthe, p. 51; Douglas, p. 62; Do Mailla, tome IX, pp. 47 and 48.
50 Id. pp. 62 and 63. "Churchi, often corrupted into Nuichi, is the name by
which the Kin Tartars were known when living in Manchuria. Palladius tells us the Khitans formed whole corps in the service of the Kin, and were quartered on the frontiers of China and Mongolia.
53 This name means a dragon and a god. Yuan-ch'ao. pi-shi, pp. 138 and 139 notes.
3 Marco Polo, vol. I, page 444. " It was built about 200 B.C.
