Bharatiya Tattvagyan

Author(s): Nagin J Shah
Publisher: Jagruti Dilip Sheth Dr
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001201/1

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna keTalIka samasyA lekhaka nagIna jI. zAha saMskRta-saMskRti granthamAlA 5 sAmAnya saMpAdaka nagIna jI. zAha

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna keTalIka samasyA lekhaka nagIna jI. zAha saMskRta-saMskRti granthamAlA 5 sAmAnya saMpAdaka nagIna jI. zAha

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Title : BHARATIYA TATTVAJNANA - KETALIKA SAMASYA Author : Nagin J. Shah Subject : Philosophy (Indian Philosophy) Language : Gujarati prakAzaka DaoN. jAgRti dIlIpa zeTha, pIeca.DI. B-14, devadarzana phleTa naherunagara cAra rastA AMbAvADI amadAvAda - 380015 ke. bhIkhAlAla bhAvasAra zrI svAmInArAyaNa mudraNa maMdira 21, puruSottamanagara navA vADaja, amadAvAda - 380013 1998 kiMmata : rUpiyA 99-00 prAptisthAna 1. pArzva prakAzana nIzA poLa, jhagherI vADa rilIpha roDa, amadAvAda - 380001 2. sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra hAthIkhAnA, ratanapoLa amadAvAda-380001.

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prAstAvika saMskRta-saMskRti graMthamALAnA pAMcamA pustaka tarIke bhAratIya tattvajJAna - keTalIka samasyA nAmaka A viziSTa graMthane vidvAno ane jijJAsuo samakSa prastuta karatAM huM atyaMta AnaMda anubhavuM chuM. - keTalIka mahattvanI dArzanika samasyAo paratve bhinna bhinna bhAratIya dArzanika vicAradhArAonAM kevAM mantavyo rahyAM che te darzAvavAno saMniSTha prayAsa prastuta graMthamAM karavAmAM Avyo che. te mantavyonA samarthaka tarkonI rajUAta ane sAthe sAthe te tarkonI samIkSA baMne vidvAnonA cittane saMtarpaka banI raheze ema huM mAnuM chuM. A bAbate IzvaraviSayaka prakaraNa noMdhapAtra jaNAze. mULa saMskRta graMthone AdhAre ucita saMdarbho ApI nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM hoI graMtha pramANabhUta banI zakyo che. AzA che ke prastuta graMtha bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA abhyAsIone ane jijJAsuone avazya lAbhakAraka, vicArapreraka ane rasaprada banaze. saMrakta-saMskRti graMthamAlA nagIna jI. zAha 23, vAlakezvara sosAyaTI sAmAnya saMpAdaka bhudarapurA, AMbAvADI amadAvAda - 380015 jAnyuArI 1, 1998

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prastAvanA prastuta graMthamAM bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI keTalIka samasyAono vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che. prathama prakaraNamAM sat- asat yugalane anulakSI thayela vicAramaMthana ane temAMthI prApta thayelA mahattvanA siddhAntonuM nidarzana karavAmAM AvyuM che. bIjA prakaraNamAM bhAratIya ciMtakonI mokSavibhAvanA samajAvavAmAM AvI che. mokSa eTale mukti mukti konI ane zemAMthI mukti AtmAnI ane duHkhamAMthI. A kAraNe bhinna bhinna vicArakonI AtmA vizenI mAnyatAo rajU karavI jarUrI banI jAya che. eTale te rajUAta karavAmAM AvI che. duHkhamuktine mokSasvarUparUpe sau ciMtako ekamate svIkAre che. paraMtu matabheda e bAbate rahyo che ke mokSAvasthAmAM AtmAne vidhyAtmaka (positive) ane nirbheLa zuddha sukha hoya che ke nahi. uparAMta, e paNa vivAdano muddo rahyo che ke mokSAvasthAmAM AtmAne jJAna hoya che ke nahi. A be praznonA bhinna bhinna darzanoe ApelA uttaro temanI AtmA vizenI mAnyatAthI niyaMtrita hoya e svAbhAvika che. mokSa zakya ja nathI e pakSano pratikAra karI mokSanI zakyatAno svIkAra karavA mATe ApavAmAM AvatA tarkonuM pratipAdana karavAmAM AvyuM che. ane mokSaprApti mATenA upAyonuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. rAgadveSano nAza e ja muktino kharo upAya che kAraNa ke duHkhanuM mULa rAgadveSa ja che. eTale ja rAgadveSakSayane ja mukti gaNavAmAM AvI che. Ane mATe aSTAMgayoganI sAdhanA Avazyaka manAI che. trIjA prakaraNamAM karma ane punarjanmanI vicAraNA karI che. bhAratIya ciMtakone kAryakAraNabhAvamAM aTaLa vizvAsa che. bhautika jagatanI jema naitika jagatamAM paNa teno avyAhata vyApAra teo svIkAre che. jevI pravRtti (kriyA) tevuM phaLa e pAyAnI vAta che. 'vAve tevuM laNe ane kare tevuM pAme A bhAvanA bhAratIya saMskRtimAM vyApta che. A ja karmasiddhAntanuM hArda che. karmathI arthAt pravRttithI AtmAmAM paDatA saMskArone karmasaMskAra ke karma kahevAmAM Ave che. A karmasaMskAra ke karma kartA AtmAne kAlAntare yogya kALe anurUpa phaLa ApI nivRtta thAya che. jagatamAM jaNAtAM viSamya ane vaicitryano khulAso karma (karmasaMskAra) mAnyA vinA thaI zakato nathI. manuSyane vartamAna janmamAM karmane anurUpa phaLa maLatuM jaNAtuM na hoya tyAre eno khulAso pUrvajanma ke punarjanma mAnyA vinA thaI zakto nathI. karmo vartamAna janmamAM ja phaLatAM nathI. karma ane punarjanmanI mAnyatA vedaupaniSadothI mAMDI darzanazAstromAM ekadhArI

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ekasUtrarUpe rahelI che. karmanA prakAro, karmanA raMgo, karmanuM phaladAnasAmarthya, karmabaMdhanAM kAraNo, karmanAzanA upAyo, ItyAdi aneka bAbatonI vicAraNA A prakaraNamAM karavAmAM AvI che. pravRtti karmabaMdhanuM kAraNa tyAre ja bane che jyAre te rAgadveSapUrvaka karavAmAM AvI hoya. AmAM sarvasaMmati pravarte che. eTale pravRtti choDavAnA badale rAgadveSa choDavA upara sau bhAra mUke che. puruSaprayatnathI karmanI asaro haLavI karI zakAya che. karmasiddhAntamAM puruSasvAtaMtryane, svataMtra IcchAzaktine pUrato avakAza che. prAcIna kALathI karmavAdano virodha karanArI eka vicAradhArA hatI. te niyativAda (predeterminism)ne svIkAratI hatI. karmavAdIoe niyativAdano joradAra prativAda kyo che. paraMtu vicitratA to e che ke A ja karmavAdIoe sarvadravyonI sarva vyaktionI saikAlika saghaLI avasthAonA yugapad sAkSAtkArI jJAnarUpa sarvajJatvane svIkArI bIjArUpe niyativAdano ja svIkAra karI lIdho. AvuM sarvajJatva custa jaDa niyati vinA saMbhave ja nahi. Avo sarvAvAda niyativAda vinA saMbhave nahi, teno AdhAra ja niyativAda che. cothuM prakaraNa bhAratIya darzanomAM prApta IzvaravibhAvanAne spaSTapaNe samajAve che. Izvara paratve bhAratIya ciMtako be vargomAM vahecAI jAya che : eka varga nityamukta jagatkartA eka Izvarano svIkAra kare che. nityamuktano artha e che ke je bhUtakALamAM kadI baddha na hato, vartamAnamAM baddha nathI ane bhaviSyamAM baddha thavAno nathI. bIjo varga sAdhanA karI kalezamukta vItarAga thaI jIvone rogamukta thavAno - mokSamArgano upadeza ApanAra jIvanmuktane ja Izvara gaNe che. A bIjo varga nityamukta jagartA Izvarane svIkArato nathI. prathama vargamAM zevapurANothI prabhAvita uttarakAlIna nyAyazaSika ciMtako tema ja bhAgavatapurANa-viSNupurANathI prabhAvita vedAntI vaiSNavAcAryo rAmAnuja vagere samAveza pAme che. bIjA vargamAM jena, bauddha, pataMjali ane prAcIna cAyavaizeSika samAveza pAme che. jaina ane bauddha ciMtakoe prathama varganA ciMtakonI IzvaravibhAvanAnI ka AlocanA karI che. A badhAMnuM vistRta nirUpaNa A prakaraNamAM che. vastunuM yathArtha jJAna kone gaNavuM? yathArtha jJAna karavAnAM sAdhano (pramANo) keTalAM che? A sAdhanonI saMkhyAnAM niyAmaka kAraNo kyAM che? jJAnanuM jJAna kevI rIte thAya che ? jJAnanA yathArthyanuM (prAmAyanuM) jJAna kevI rIte thAya che? eka ja viSayamAM ekthI vadhu pramANo pravRtta thaI zake ? jJAna aMgenI A keTalIka samasyAo che. A samasyAo paratve bhAratIya dArzanikonA uttaronuM saMkSipta nirUpaNa pAMcamA prakaraNamAM ka2vAmAM AvyuM che. chaThThI prakaraNamAM jJAnanA prAmAyanI utpatti ane jJapti vize vistArathI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI che. je kAraNa jJAnane utpanna kare che te ja kAraNa pramANane ,

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(6) (yathArtha jJAnane) utpanna kare che ? je kAraNa jJAnanuM jJAna karAve che te ja kAraNa pramANanuM (yathArtha jJAnanuM) jJAna karAve che ? sAdI saraLa bhASAmAM pahelo prazna thaze ke zuM jJAna ane pramANa (yathArtha jJAna) baMne eka ja vastu che ? sAdI saraLa bhASAmAM bIjo prazna thaze ke zuM jJAnane jANavA sAthe ja jJAna pramANa (yathArtha) che e jaNAI jAya che ? A be praznonA vividha dArzanikoe ApelA rasaprada uttaronI virAda AlocanA ahIM karavAmAM AvI che. sAtamA prakaraNamAM, bhAratIya tArkikoe pratyakSa vize je carcAvicAraNA karI che tenI mahattvanI sArabhUta bAbatone lakSamAM rAkhI AlocanA karavAmAM AvI che. pratyakSalakSaNapraNayanamAM nyAyavairISika, jaina, bauddha ane mImAMsakane je samasyAono sAmano karavo paDyo tenuM rocaka nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. sAmAnyataH badhA bhAratIya tArkiko pratyakSotpattinI prakriyAnAM cAra sopAno svIkAre che - (1) IndriyArthasanniSkarSa, (2) arthaviSayaka IndriyAnubhUti, (3) smRtivizeSa, ane (4) arthaviSayaka savikalpa jJAna. paraMtu temanI vacce vivAda e aMge che ke dvitIya ane caturtha sopAnane kaI saMjJA ApavI. AnuM vizaTha vivaraNa ahIM prastuta karavAmAM AvyuM che. - AzA che ke bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA vidyArthIo, adhyApako, saMzodhako ane jijJAsuone A graMtha upayogI ane vicArapreraka banI raheze. nagIna jI. zAha

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viSayAnukrama 1. satasat 2. bhAratIya darzanomAM mokSavicAra 3. karma ane punarjanma 4. bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 5. jJAnaviSayaka samasyAono sAmAnya paricaya 6. jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ke parataH ? 7. bhAratIya tArkikonI pratyakSaviSayaka carcA Ta u cha 53 137 155 174

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sat-asata bhAratIya darzanakAro satu-asat, nitya-anitya, sAmAnya-vizeSa, abhilASyaanabhilApya A yugalo upara dhyAna kendrita karI tAttvika carcAo kare che. AcArya haribhadra "anekAntajayapatAkA'mAM A yugalonuM ja jaina daSTibiMduthI vizleSaNa karyuM che. ahIM ApaNe sat-asat e yugalane laI teno vividha dArzanika siddhAnto ghaDavAmAM kevo phALo che te kramazaH joIzuM. satu-asanA dvandrano itihAsa rasika che ane cheka RgvadathI te zarU thAya che. RvedamAM indra, agni, pUSanuM, varuNa vagere bahu devo hatA. te devomAM bhale vyaktiA : bheda hoya paraMtu svarUpataH koI bheda nathI evuM keTalAkane sUjhayuM, ane temaNe kahyuM: " sat vipra vahudhA vati.' badhA ja devo satu che ane e samAna dharma badhAmAM hoI e apekSAe badhA eka che, eka jAtinA che. jenonA saMgrahanaya jevuM A che. ahIM sano artha sAmAnya evo ghaTe che. paraMtu A sAmAnya te taiyAyikonI sattA jevuM deza-kAla-vyApI nitya sAmAnya nahi. ahIM dezake kALane gaNatarImAM lIdhA vinA mAtra badhI vyaktio astitva dharAve che - sat che - svarUpa che ane eTalA arthamAM badhI eka che evuM abhipreta lAge che. badhI vyaktio sat che tema chatAM tene judAM judAM nAma ApavAnI vAta karI che. eka ja vastune apAtAM judAM judAM nAma paryAyo che ane te zabdaparyAyo vastuparyAyone- te vastunA vizeSone sUcave chete vizeSone ApaNe ahIM asat nAma ApI zakIe. sAmAnyano artha kAraNa ane vizeSano artha kArya thaI zake che paNa ahIM saane kArya-kAraNanA arthamAM sAmAnyavizeSa tarIke gaNavA te yogya lAgatuM nathI; kAraNa, RgvadamAM ja eka sthaLe sat ane asane ekabIjAnI sAthe janma pAmatAM nirUpyAM che. ane sahotpannanI vacce kArya-kAraNabhAva to saMbhavato nathI. Ama ukta arthamAM ja satasano artha sAmAnya-vizeSa levo ucita lAge che. sAthe sAthe kALane lakSamAM rAkhIneya sa-asat vize vicAra thato rahyo lAge che. RgvadhanA nAsadIyasUta'mAM zarUmAM ja kahyuM che ke sRSTi pUrvena to sat hatuM ke na to asat. ahIM eka bAju sat ke asat ane bIjI bAju sRSTi e benI vaccenA saMbhavita kAryakAraNabhAvano ADakataro nirdeza maLe che, paraMtu haju sudhI svayaM sat ane asat e benI vaccenA kArya-kAraNabhAvanuM sUcana sarakhuMya maLatuM nathI. AvuM sUcana ApaNane chAndogya upaniSad' mAM maLe che. temAM eka evA matano ullekha che jenA anusAra .

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna asamAMthI satnI utpatti thAya che. Ano svAbhAvika artha e thAya ke taddana zUnyamAMthI sRSTi thAya che. 'nyAyadarzana'mAMya abhAvamAMthI bhAvanI utpatti mAnanAra AvA ja eka matano ullekha ane tenuM khaMDana che.' svayaM 'chAndogya upaniSad'mAM A matano prativAda karavAmAM Avyo che. temAM kahyuM che ke sarvathA asatyAMthI satnI utpatti thaI zake ja nahi; AthI mAnavuM rahyuM ke sauprathama sat ekaluM ja hatuM; tene vicAra thayo ke huM ekamAMthI aneka thAuM ane pachI temAMthI kramazaH teja, jaLa, anna vagere utpanna thayAM. TIkAkAroe asahmAMthI satnI utpattine samajAvavA asatno artha avyakta ane satno artha vyakta karyo che, ane kahyuM che ke asatmAMthI sat utpanna thAya che eno artha e che ke avyakta dazAmAMthI vyakta dazA thAya che. 2 dArzanika yugamAM Avo prazna paNa rahyo che ke kArya e utpatti pahelAM kAraNamAM sat che ke asat. sAMkhyoe kahyuM ke kArya kAraNamAM sat che paNa te tirohita - avyakta che. jyAre amuka sAmagrI prApta thAya che tyAre te vyakta thAya che. A che satkAryavAda. A vAda pramANe kArya ane kAraNa vacce TuMcit abheda che ane ene laIne emano kArya-kAraNano siddhAnta kramika AMtarika vikAsano (gradual organic growth) siddhAnta banI jAya che. ane eTale ja emanAM kAryakAraNanAM dRSTAntomAM bIjaaMkura jevAM dRSTAnto ja hoya che. naiyAyikoe mULa praznanA uttaramAM javAba vALyo ke kArya kAraNamAM sat nathI; kAraNamAM kArya zaktirUpe ke avyaktarUpe paNa nathI; paraMtu amuka sAmagrI UbhI thatAM, pUrve kAraNamAM vidyamAna nahi evuM kArya utpanna thAya che. A che asatkAryavAda. A vAda pramANe kArya ane kAraNa vacce atyanta bheTha manAyo che ane ene laIne emano kArya-kAraNano siddhAMta yAMtrika (mechanical) banI jAya che. amuka avayavo amuka rIte goThavAI jAya eTale te avayavothI taddana bhinna eka avayavI utpanna thAya che. ahIM avayavo kAraNa che ane avayavI kArya che. emanI kArya-kAraNabhAvanI AvI yAMtrika kalpanAne laIne emanAM kArya-kAraNanAM daSTAnto paNa tantumAMthI paTa ane kapAlamAMthI ghaTa jevAM hoya che. keTalAka satkAryano artha evo kare che ke kAryamAM kAraNa sat che. kAraNabhUta brahmasat badhAM ja kAryomAM anusyUta che. A che vedAntI mata. bhagavAna buddhe vibhajyavAdane AdhAre nitya dravyanI kalpanAne prajJaptisat kahI phagAvI dIdhI ane mAtra dharmone ja sat kahyA. AgaLa upara prazna Ubho thayo ke bhUta, vartamAna ane bhaviSyat badhA ja dharmone sat mAnavA ke mAtra vartamAna dharmone ja sat mAnavA ? sAMkhyasiddhAntathI prabhAvita vaibhASikoe badhAne ja sat gaNyA ane enA samarthanamAM buddhavacanoya TAMkyAM. Ama teo sarvAstivAdI TharyA ane kahevAyA. sautrAntika bauddho temanA A matanuM khaMDana karI e buddhavacanono anukULa artha ghaTAvI mAtra vartamAna dharmone ja sat tarIke svIkAre che. vaizaSikadarzananA asatkAryavAThanI

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sa-asat chAyA AmAM dekhAya che. vijJAnavAdI bauddho badhI ja kSaNika vastuone sat nahi mAnatAM mAtra kSaNika vijJAnane ja sat mAne che. mAtra vijJAna yA cetanane ja sat mAnavAnI A vAta temane zAMkara vedAntIonI samAna bhUmikAe mUke che paraMtu te banne vacce bheda e che ke vijJAnavAdIonuM vijJAna kSaNika che, uparAMta teo vijJAnanA nAnA santAnomAM mAne che; jyAre zAMkara vedAntIo vijJAnane-brahmane kUTanitya ane eka ja mAne che. vijJAnavAdIo sanI traNa koTio svIkAre che : paramArtha sat, saMvRti sat ane parikalpita sat. ApaNe kahI zakIe ke emane mate kSaNika vijJAna ja paramArtha sat, bAhya kSaNika vastuo saMvRtti sat ane nitya dravya Adi parakalpita sat. saMvRti sat ane parikalpita sane jema satanA prakAro kahyA che tema temane asanA prakAro paNa gaNI zakAya. zUnyavAdIo zUnyane arthAt prazAne ja sat mAne che. teo paNa sanI traNa koTi svIkAre che : pariniSpanna, paratatra ane parikalpita. jeno svabhAva svataMtra che te pariniSpanna, jeno svabhAva paratatra che te paratantra ane jeno svabhAva kalpita che te parikalpita. vijJAnavAdI ane zUnyavAdInI vacce jo koI khAsa bheda hoya to te eTalo ja che ke eka paramArtha sane vijJAna kahe che jyAre bIjo paramArtha satune zUnya - prajJA kahe che; uparAMta, eka mAne che ke dhyAnanI sAdhanA dvArA vijJAnanI prApti thAya che jyAre bIjo mAne che ke buddhi dvArA buddhinI kSudratAnuM bhAna thatAM prajJAno sAkSAtkAra thAya che. prAraMbhika kALamAM ApaNe sanI vyAkhyA bAMdhavAnA prayatnonI apekSA na rAkhI zakIe. te kALe to darzanakAronuM kArya svasammata sat tattvone gaNAvavAnuM ja rahetuM. nyAya-vaizeSiko sat ane asat be tattvomAM mAne che. dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa ane samavAya A cha bhAva padArtho sat tattvanA vibhAgo che. abhAva padArtha e eka asat tattva che. bhAva padArthomAMthIya artha' nAma to teo dravya, guNa ane karmane ja Ape che. sAMkhyakAro phUTasthanitya puruSa ane pariNAmI prakRti bannene sat gaNe che. vedAntIo mAtra puruSane ja sat tarIke svIkAre che. jeno jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma ane AkAza A pAMca dravyone astikAyarUpe varNave che. bauddho mAtra dhamane. sat gaNe che. sanI vyAkhyA ApavAnuM to A pachI zarU thayuM. bauddhoe sanuM lakSaNa kSaNikatva bAMdhyuM. temaNe kahyuM ke, "yat sat tat cham !' ethI taddana UlaTuM zaMkare sanuM lakSaNa trikAlAbAdhitatva ApyuM arthAt emane mate kuTasthanityatA ja sallakSaNa che. Ama bauddhoe mAtra paryAyo ke vikArone ja satu mAnyA jyAre zaMkare amuka khAsa viziSTa arthamAM mAtra dravyane ja satuM gayuM. jainoe dravya ane paryAya bannene vastunA svabhAvabhUta gaNyAM che ane tethI emaNe sanI vyAkhyA utpAda-vyayadhrauvyayogitA karI che. utpAda-vyaya paryAyanA thAya che ane dravya dhruva rahe che. Ama

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna satUpa vastu dravyaparyAyAtmaka hoI te utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayukta siddha thAya che. jenasammata sallakSaNagata dhrauvyano artha sAMkhyanI jema mAtra svabhAvAzruti ja levAya che ane nahi ke kuTasyanityatA. alabatta, e dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM joIe ke sAMkhya sanA be dhoraNo - pariNAminityatA ane phUTasthanityatA - svIkAre che jyAre jana ekadhArI rIte sanuM eka ja dhoraNa - pariNAminityatA - svIkAre che; jainane mate AtmA-puruSa paNa svabhAve pariNAminitya ja che, sAMkhyanI jema phUTasthanitya nahi. nyAyavaizeSikoe sanuM lakSaNa sattAyogitva ApyuM che. temanA kahevAno Azaya e che ke sattA mahAsAmAnya jemAM samavAya saMbaMdhathI rahe te sat che. A sanI vyAkhyAonuM paravAdIoe khaMDana paNa kyuM che. jainonI sanI vyAkhyA upara evo AkSepa karavAmAM Avyo ke parasparavirodhI dharmo eka vastumAM saMbhave ja nahi. "nyAyavaizeSikonI sanI vyAkhyAne lakSI kahevAyuM ke te vyAkhyA pramANe to svasammata ja keTalAka sat - bhAva padArtho asat Thare kAraNa ke sattA temane mate mAtra dravya, guNa, karmamAM ja rahe che. zAMkara vedAntIonI ane bauddhonI vyAkhyAonA virodhamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM ke koI paNa jAtanA pariNamanathI rahita phUTasthanitya vastu ke niranvaya kSaNika vastu e koInAya anubhavanI vAta nathI. Ama dArzaniko aMdaroaMdara ekabIjAnA sanA lakSaNanuM khaMDana karatA hatA evAmAM bauddho taraphathI eka evuM lakSaNa mUkavAmAM AvyuM je lagabhaga badhA ja dArzanikoe mAnya rAkhyuM ane te lakSaNa te arthakriyAkAritva. alabatta, darzanakAroe potapotAne mAnya antima tattva ke tatvomAM tene lAgu karavA bhAre jahemata lIdhI. bauddhoe tarkapura:sara siddha karyuM ke kSaNika vastu ja arthaDhiyAkArI che, vedAntIoe puravAra karavA prayatna karyo ke nitya vastu ja artha kriyAkArI che ane jenoe sAbita karyuM ke nityAnitya vastu ja arthakriyAkArI che. ApaNe joyuM tema AcArya zaMkara trikAlAbAdhita phUTasthanityane sat kahe che. te paNa vijJAnavAdI ane zUnyavAdInI mAphaka satnI traNa koTi svIkAre che : pAramArthika, vyAvahArika ane pratibhAsika, temane mate kuTasthanitya brahma cetana ja paramArtha sat che kAraNa ke te trikAlasthAyI che; ghaTa, paTa Adi vyAvahArika sat che kAraNa ke te vyavahArakAmAtrasthAyI che paraMtu tattvajJAnanAya che; zuktirajatAdi prAtibhAsika sat che kAraNa ke te pratibhAsakAlamAtrasthAyI che paraMtu adhiSThAnajJAnanAzya che. AcArya zaMkara vyAvahArika salUpa jagatanA pariNAmI upAdAnakAraNa tarIke avidyA nAmanA tattvane svIkAre che. tene teo sat-asavilakSaNa kahIne varNave che. te sat nathI kAraNa ke te bAdhita thAya che; te asat nathI kAraNa ke te sadvapa jagatkAryanuM upAdAnabhUta kAraNa che. A satu-asavilakSaNatAsiddhAMtanAM mULa cheka nAsaThIyasUkta'mAM jovA

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sat-asat hoya to joI zakAya. tyAM kahyuM che ke sRSTinI-jagatanI utpatti pahelAM sat paNa na hatuM ke asat paNa na hatuM; arthAt sRSTinuM upAdAnakAraNa sat paNa nahi, asat paNa nahi kiMtu arthapattithI sat-asavilakSaNa TharyuM. sadasadvilakSaNatAvAdanuM bhagavAna buddhanA 'avyAkRto' tathA zUnyavAdanA catuSkoTivinimuktatvasiddhAMta sAthe paNa sAmya che. 'yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha' ( taittirIyopaniSad), 'naiSA tarkeNa matirApaneyA' (jyopaniSad) A upaniSadvAkyone, 'paramArthe hi AryAnAM tULImbhAva:' A candrakIrtivacanane ane 'tA tatva na vighnarU' (AcArAMgasUtra) A AgamavAkyane paNa A saMdarbhamAM dhyAnamAM levA joIe. jaina tarkazAstranI prasiddha sasabhaMgImAMya sadasadvilakSaNatAvAdano caturtha bhaMga 'avaktavya'mAM svIkAra thayo che. vastu svadravyakSetra-kAla-bhAvathI sat che ane paradravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAvathI asat che. paraMtu A be dharmo yugapa vANImAM bolI zakAtA nathI e arthamAM vastu avaktavya che. jo be varNo eka sAthe na bolI rAkAya to be zabdo to kyAMthI eka sAthe kholI zakAya ! paraMtu A artha e kaMI vastusvarUpadyotaka nathI. vastunA sat ane asat dharmone yugapa jANI to zakIe chIe paNa bolI nathI zakatA eTaluM ja-Avo Ano artha thAya. kadAca Ane laIne ja keTalAka Adhunika jaina vidvAnoe avaktavyanI bIjI vyAkhyA evI karI ke vastumAM stUpeya anaMta dharmo che ane asaTrUpeya anaMta dharmo che ane ApaNe na to badhA sadnapadharmo jANI zakIe chIe ke na to badhA asaTrUpa dharmo jANI zakIe chIe. Ama zarUAtamAM sat-asat deza-kAlanA saMbaMdhathI nirapekSapaNe sAmAnyavizeSanA arthamAM vaparAtAM, pachI sRSTi ane sat ke asat vaccenA saMbhavita kAryakAraNabhAvanuM sUcana maLyuM ane vicAramAM kAlatattvanuM paurvAparya dAkhala thayuM, tyAra bAda svayaM sat ane asatnA pArasparika saMbaMdhanI carcA thaI, darzanakALamAM kArya kAraNamAM sat che ke asat e prazna vizeSe carcAyo, sAthe sAthe satnI traNa koTio pADavAmAM AvI, taddanantara sanI vyAkhyAo ghaDAI ane temanuM khaMDanamaMDana cAlyuM, vaLI satasaTnA yugalanA anusaMdhAnamAM ja sAsadvilakSaNatAvAda Ubho thayo. A rIte satasat yugalanI AsapAsa ghaNuM tAttvika maMthana thayuM ane emAMthI aneka vicAravAdo bhAratIya darzanane sAMpaDyA. jema ahIM sat-asat yugalane laI enI paraMparAmAM ApaNane zuM prApta thayuM te joyuM tema koI samAnadharmA bIjA, yugalone laI temanI paraMparAmAMthI ApaNane zuM prApta thayuM che te darzAvaze to AnaMda thaze. 12 TippaNa * A lekhanA sahalekhaka che paMDita sukhalAlajI. asacca sacca parame vyoman dakSasya janmantraditerupasthe / Rgveda, 10.5. 1

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna ka 2 amarevelamagra AsIt tatsavAsIt tatsamamavat / chAnto rU, 21, 2. juo taitti u50 2.7 3 amAvAndrAvotpattinuipamRdgha prAdurbhAvAt / vyAdhAtAvAyona:| nyAyasUtra, 4. 2. 24-~akSata: savrutta te rUtyayaM vakSa:... mAlya, nyA. sU0 4.2.4. 4 kathamasataH sajjAyeteti sattveva somyedamagra AsIdekamevAdvitIyam / tadaikSata bahu syAM prajAyeyeti tattejo'sRjata tatteja aikSata bahu syAM prajAyeyeti tadapo'sRjata... / chAndo0 6.2. asaditi vyAkRtanAmarUpavizeSaviparItamavyAkRtaM brahma ucyate ... tataH asataH vai sat pravibhaktanAmarUpavizeSam ajAyata utpannam / zAMkarabhASya, taitti0 upa0, 2.7. 6 kiM punaHstattvam ? satarthe sakhAvoGatatathAtaMndrAvaH / nyAyamAkhya (jAgI saM. siddhi), pR0 2 7 artha kRti dravyamuLavarmasu / vaizeSisUtra, 8.2.rU. 8 tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam / tattvArthasUtra, 5.30 7 naikasminnasambhavAt / brahmasUtra, 2.2.33 10 satAmapi syAt kacideva sattA / anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA, 8. * 11 vana yavetaEyiAritva sarvajJanaprasiddhamApte... / Six Buddhist Nyaya Tracts, pR. 2. 12 upara sat ane asat e be dArzanika kalpanAonI saMkSepe carcA karI che. e sAthe ahIM umeravuM joIe ke sat ane asatnI kalpanAnA vicAravikAsamAM bIjAM aneka tattvo samAyelAM che. ane te aneka rIte sUkSmatAthI carcAyAM paNa che. dA.ta., nityatva ane anityatvanI dArzanika carcA sat ane asat kalpanAnA kAlika pAsAmAMthI udbhavI che, jyAre ekatva ane pRthaktvanI dArzanika carcA saMkhyAnA pAsAmAMthI UpasI che. e ja rIte abhilApyatva ane anabhilApyatvanI dArzanika vicArasaraNI sat ane asanA zabdagamyatva ane zabdAgamyatva pAsAmAMthI vistarI che. paraMtu sAmAnya ane vizeSa athavA dravya ane paryAyanI carcA kAlika, daizika Adi badhAM pAsAone Avare che. A rIte bhAratIya darzanomAMnI prasiddha sat, asat Adi kalpanAono aitihAsika vikAsanI dRSTie abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave to lagabhaga badhI ja dArzanika mULabhUta kalpanAonI samajaNa vizada bane.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM mokSavicAra prAstAvika mokSa eTale mukti. konI? potAnI-AtmAnI. zemAMthI? duHkhamAMthI. potAnI arthAt AtmAnI duHkhamAMthI mukti eTale mokSa. AmAM nIcenI bAbatono pUrvasvIkAra jarUrI che: (1) potAnuM arthAt AtmAnuM astitva che. (2) potAne arthAt AtmAne duHkha che. (3) duHkhanAM kAraNo che. (4) duHkhanAM kAraNone dUra karavAnA upAyo che. (5) duHkhamukti zakya che. AmAM bhagavAna buddhanAM cAra Aryasatyano ane yogadarzananA caturvyUhano samAveza che. * A duHkhamukti thoDA vakhata pUratI nathI paraMtu sadAne mATe che. eka vAra duHkhamAMthI mukta thayA eTale pharI kadI du:kha paDavAnuM ja nahi. badhA prakAranAM duHkhomAMthI haMmeza mATenI muktine darzanazAstramAM mokSa kahevAmAM Ave che. AtyaMtika duHkhamukti mokSa che. pagamAM kAMTo vAgyo teMdhI pIDA thaI - duHkha thayuM. kAMTo kADhI nAkhavAmAM Avyo, kAMTAnI pIDAmAMthI mukti thaI. paraMtu karI kAMTo vAgavAno saMbhava dUra thayo nathI. vaLI, kAMTAnI pIDA dUra thavA chatAM gumaDA vagerenI bIjI pIDA rahI hovAno saMbhava che ja. eTale kAMTAnI pIDAmAMthI muktine AtyaMtika duHkhamuktina kahevAya.' | duHkha kone che? AtmAne. duHkha zarIra, mana ke indriya anubhavatA nathI paNa temanA dvArA bIjuM koI anubhave che ane te che AtmA."A AtmA zuM che ane tenuM svarUpa kevuM che e ApaNe jANI laIe to mokSanA svarUpane samajavuM saraLa thaI jaze. ahIM cArvAka, prAcIna sAMkhya, jaina, bauddha, uttarakAlIna sAMkhyayoga, nyAyazeSika, zAMkara vedAntaATalAM darzanono AtmA vize zo mata che te saMkSepamAM joI jaIe. AtmA cArvAkaH (acittAta) cArvAko kevaLa acitta tattvane ja mAne che. pRthvI Adi bhUtonA viziSTa saMyojanane pariNAme jJAnadharma saMyojanamAM AvirbhAva pAme che. bhUtonuM A viziSTa saMyojana ja AtmA che. AtmA koI svataMtra tattva nathI. saMyojananuM vighaTana thatAM saMyojanano nAza thAya che, arthAt AtmAno atyaMta uccheda thAya che. Ama ahIM jJAna e acittano ja dharma che. A acitta tattva pariNamanazIla che.

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8 prAcIna sAMkhya, jaina ane bauddha : (citta-acitta dvaita) cArvAka matanI viruddha prAcIna sAMkhya (covIsa tattvamAM mAnanAra sAMkhya), jaina ane bauddhe evuM pratipAdana karyuM ke jJAnadharma e bhautika dharmothI bhinna zreNino che, ane tethI bhautika dharmo dharAvanAra acitta tattvano te dharma hoI zake nahi. tene mATe acitta tattvathI taddana UlaTuM svataMtra citta tattva svIkAravuM joIe. acitta tattvanI jema A citta tattva paNa pariNamanazIla che. tethI citta ane acittano saMyoga-viyoga thAya che. uttarakAlIna sAMkhya (Atma-anAtma dvaita) bhAratIya tattvajJAna * uttarakAlIna sAMkhya citta-acittanA dvaitanA sthAne Atma-anAtmanA dvaitanI sthApanA karI. teNe cittathI uparavaTa puruSa yA AtmA nAmanuM tattva svIkAryuM. tenA svIkArane nyAyya TheravavA 'darzana' nAmanA dharmanuM pratipAdana teNe karyuM. teNe kahyuM ke jJAna e cittano dharma che jyAre darzana e puruSano dharma che. citta jJAtA che jyAre puruSa draSTA che. A navA svIkArelA puruSane teNe pariNamanazIla na mAnatAM phUTasthanitya mAnyo. Ama pariNAmI ane kUTasthanityanuM dvaita UbhuM thayuM. phUTasthanitya AtmAno pariNAmI cittaacitta sAthe sAco saMyoga-viyoga ghaTato na hoI biMba-pratibiMba saMbaMdhanI bhASA bolAvI zarU thaI. jaino ane bauddhoe citta uparavaTa puruSa yA AtmatattvanA svIkArano virodha karyo ane jAhera karyuM ke sAMkhye svIkArela darzanadharmane ame svIkArIe chIe paraMtu te cittano ja dharma che. citta kevaLa jJAtA nathI paNa jJAtA ane drA baMneya che, eTale citta uparavaTa puruSa yA AtmAne svIkAravAnI koI jarUra nathI. nyAya-nairoSika : (Atma-anAtma dvaita) 12 nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanikoe uttarakAlIna sAMkhyanA phUTasthanitya puruSa yA AtmAne svIkAryo paraMtu uttarakAlIna sAMkhya prakRtiaMtargata citta ane acitta baMneno svIkAra karelo jyAre nyAya-vaizeSike cittano taddana asvIkAra karyo. bauddhoe ane jainoe puruSane na svIkArI teno dharma darzana cittamAM mAnyo, jyAre nyAya-vaizeSikoe cittane na svIkArI teno dharma jJAna puruSamAM arthAt AtmAmAM nAkhyo. have A jJAna dharma pariNAmI hoI, phrUTasthanitya AtmAmAM pariNAmIpaNuM AvatuM aTakAvavA koI rasto kADhavAnuM temane mATe atyaMta Avazyaka hatuM. temaNe kahyuM ke jJAna guNa che ane AtmA dravya che, ane dravya ane guNa vacce atyaMta bheda che. jJAna e AtmAno svabhAva nathI te to zarIrAvacchinna Atma-mana:sannikarSarUpa nimittakAraNathI AtmAmAM utpanna thaI samavAyasaMbaMdha dvArA temAM rahe che. 4 have ahIM prazna thAya ke puruSa yA AtmAnA dharma darzana aMge nyAya-vaizeSiko zuM kahe che ? AtmAnA dharma darzana bAbata kyAMya kazI vAta teoe karI nathI. kadAca te ja temane mate AtmAnuM svarUpa hoya ane ema hoya to, jJAna. AtmAno guNa ane darzana AtmAnuM svarUpa gaNAya. pariNAme darzanane AtmA ii na

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9 bhAratIya darzanomAM mokSavicAra choDe. sAMkhyanA cittano dharma ekalo jJAna ja nathI paNa sukha, du:kha, icchA, dveSa vagere bIjA ghaNA dharmo tenA che. A badhA dharmone citta na svIkAranAra nyAya-vaizeSikoe AtmAnA guNo gaNyA che.15 zAMkara vedAnta : (AtmAdvaita) zAMkara vedAnte citta ane acitta baMneno asvIkAra karyo che. nyAya-vaizeSikoe cittane na svIkAravA chatAM cittanA dharmone svIkArI temane puruSanA gaNyA paraMtu zAMkara vedAntIe to te cittanA dharmone paNa svIkAryA nathI. acitta, citta, cittadharmo badhuM ja mithyA che. kevaLa puruSa ja satya che. Ama hoya to cittano dharma jJAna e puruSamAM teo svIkAre ja nahi. kevaLa darzana ja puruSamAM hoya, jJAna nahi. puruSa jJAnasvarUpa nahi paNa darzanasvarUpa manAya. zithilapaNe darzananA arthamAM 'jJAna' rAbdano prayoga bhale thato jovA maLe. Ama jaino ane bauddhone mate pariNamanazIla citta ja AtmA jyAre uttarakAlIna sAMkhya, nyAya-vaizeSika ane vedAntanA mate phUTasthanitya puruSa AtmA che. huMHkha che darekane potAne du:khano anubhava che. duHkha trividha che-AdhyAtmika (mAnasika), Adhibhautika (zarIranI aMdarathI rogane lIdhe udbhavatAM du:kho) ane Ardhidaivika (bIjA jIvo dvArA apAtAM zArIrika du: kho) .7 vijyone bhogavatI vakhate lAgatuM sukha paNa pariNAme du:kha che. sukhabhogakALe viSayanA nArAnA bhaye cittamAM du:kha bIjarUpe hoya che. mArA priya viSayo chInavAI jaze, nAza pAmaze evuM manamAM rahyA kare che. viSayanA bhoganA sukhAnubhavanA saMskAro bhaviSyamAM navA bhoganI spRhA janmAvI du: khanuM viSacakra cAlu rAkhe che. Ama viSayomAM pariNAmadu:khatA, tApaduHkhatA ane saMskAraduHkhatA che." tethI ja bhagavAna buddhe kahyuM ke "sarva duHsvap'. potAnA svabhAva upara AvaraNo AvI javAM e paNa du:kha che. alpatA duHkha che. janmamaraNa paNa duHkha che. duHkhanAM kAraNo 18 potAnI jAtanuM, potAnA kharA svarUpanuM ajJAna e duHkhanuM mULa kAraNa che. A ajJAnane kAraNe ApaNe rAgadveSa karIe chIe ane rAgadveSa duHkha peThA kare che. ajJAna, rAga, dveSa A klezo che. rAga-dveSapUrvaka karAtI pravRttithI AtmA (ke*citta) karma bAMdhe che. sAMkhya-yoga, jaina to A karmane sUkSmAtisUkSma bhautika dravya gaNe che, je AtmAnI (ke cittanI) upara AvaraNa racI tenA jJAna Adi guNane DhAMkI de che. bauddho paNa karmane AvA bhautika dravyarUpa mAnatA hoya evo saMbhava che. A karmonuM AvaraNa 19 20

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna duHkharUpa che. klezone paNa AvaraNa mAnavAmAM AvyAM che. Asakti, kAma, krodha, vagere svabhAvane kevo DhAMkI de che tenI vAta "dhyAyata viSayanuM pusa..." zlokamAM gItAe kyAM nathI karI? - duHkhanAM kAraNone dUra karavAnA upAya duHkhanAM kAraNone dUra karavA mATe sau prathama to potAnA kharA svarUpanuM jJAna meLavavuM joIe. Ane mATe cittazuddhi jarUrI che. cittamAMthI maLo dUra karavA maitrI, karuNA, muditA ane upekSA (mAdhyayya) bhAvanA keLavavI joIe. vaLI, ahiMsA Adi pAMca yamo ane zauca Adi pAMca niyamonuM pAlana karavuM joIe. pachI dhyAnamArganI sAdhanA dvArA cittanI vRttiono virodha karavo joIe. cittavRttiono nirodha thatAM potAnA kharA svarUpano sAkSAtkAra thAya che. jeTalA lezo ochA eTaluM duHkha ochuM kalezapUrvaka karAtI pravRtti ja karmAvaraNo racatI hoI lezo dUra thatAM karmAvaraNo saMpUrNapaNe dUra thAya che ane citta potAnA zuddha svarUpamAM pragaTa thAya che, duHkhamAMthI mukta thAya che. mokSa zakya che? duHkhamukti-mokSa zakya che. keTalAka mokSane azakya mAne che. temanI dalIlo nIce pramANe che : (1) vyakti janme che tyAre lezo sAthe ja janme che ane mare che tyAre paNa lezo sAthe ja mare che. klezasaMtati svAbhAvika che, anAdi che, eTale teno uccheda zakya nathI. lezonI zRMkhalA atyaMta prabaLa ane achagha che." (2) vyakti janmathI mAMDI mRtyu sudhI pravRttio karyA ja kare che. pravRttithI karmabaMdha thAya che. baMdhAyelAM karmo bhogavavA pravRtti thAya che. vaLI te pravRttithI karmabaMdha ane baMdhAyelAM karma bhogavavA vaLI pravRtti. Ama cakra cAlyA ja kare che, eTale mokSa zakya nathI. . (3) mokSanuM sAkSAt kAraNa svasvarUpanuM jJAna arthAtu vidyA che. A vidyAnI utpatti mATeno upAya samAdhi che. paraMtu samAdhi pote ja azakya che kAraNa ke viSayo atyanta prabaLa che;" icchA na karavA chatAM viSayo to vRttio utpanna kare che ane cittane ekAgra thavA detA nathI. vaLI, Adhi, vyAdhi ane upAdhine laIne citta ekAgra thaI zakatuM nathI.' (4) jo mokSa saMbhavato hoya to eka samaya evo Ave jyAre badhA mukta thaI jAya ane saMsArano uccheda thaI jAya. mokSanI saMbhAvanA svIkAratAM saMsArocchedanI Apatti Ave. tethI mokSa saMbhavato nathI uparanI cAreya dalIlonA uttaro nIce pramANe che :

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bhAratIya darzanomAM mokSavicAra 11 (1) lezono ucheda zakya che e suSuptinA daSTAntathI samajAya che. lezopazAntinI avasthA suSumi e phlezakSayanI avasthAnI saMbhavitatA sUcave che. " klezo svAbhAvika nathI paNa temanuM kAraNa che. temanuM kAraNa ajJAna che. rAga vagereno nAza temanI pratipakSa maitrI Adi bhAvanAothI thaI zake che.* (2) klezarahita vyaktinI pravRtti karmabaMdhanuM kAraNa nathI." (3) vikSepo samAdhino bhaMga na karI zake te mATeno upAya che abhyAsa.* * (4) mokSa zakya hovA chatAM saMsAroccheda thavAno nathI kAraNa ke saMsArI jIvo anaMta che. mATe AtyaMtika duHkhamukti zakya che e niHzaMka che." mokSa jainone mate mokSa anAdi kALathI phlezayukta (SAyayukta) pravRttione kAraNe cittane lAgatAM rahelAM karmonAM AvaraNo, lezono saMpUrNa kSaya thatAM jyAre saMpUrNapaNe dUra thAya che tyAre jIvano mokSa thayo kahevAya che. jenone mate citta ja AtmA che, te pariNAmI che. mokSamAM . paNa te pariNAmI ja rahe che ane zuddha pariNAmono pravAha cAlyA kare che. zuddha citta anaMta jJAna ane anaMta darzane dharAve che kAraNa ke jJAnAvaraNIya karmo ane darzanAvaraNIya karmono kSaya thaI gayo hoya che. sukha ane duHkhanA kAraNabhUta vedanIkarmano kSaya thaI gayo hoI sukhadu:khathI para te banI jAya che. Ane parama AnandanI avasyAM gaNavAmAM Ave che. darzanamohanIya karmano kSaya thayo hoI cittane kSAyika samyapha darzana hoya che. cAritryamohanIya karmano kSaya thayo hoI krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha A cAra kaSAyono AvirbhAva paNa temAM zakya nathI. antarAya karmanA kSayanA kAraNe AtmA mokSamAM pUrNa vIrya dharAve che. nAmakarmanA, gotrarmanA ane AyukarmanA kSayane kAraNe vyaktitvano, UMca-nIca gotrano ane AyuSyano abhAva hoya che, arthAt mokSanI sthitimAM te azarIrI hoya che. mokSa thatAM jIva kyAM jAya che? A praznanA uttaramAM jeno jaNAve che ke karmo dUra thatAM jIva Urdhvagati kare che ane sIdho eka kSaNamAM te lokanA agrabhAge pahoMcI tyAM Avela siddhazilA upara sthira thAya che." jo zuddha citto badhAM ja anantajJAnI, anaMtadarzI, anaMtacAritrI ane anaMtavIryavAnuM hoya to temanI vacce bheda zo? kaMI ja nahi. badhAM ekasarakhAM hoya che. paraMtu jainoe ahIM mokSamAM paNa darekanuM juduM vyaktitva sthApavA prayatna karyo che ane jaNAvyuM che ke aMtima janmamAM dehapAta vakhate je zarIrAkAra hoya tevo AkAra mokSAvasthAmAM paNa teno hoya che. A jene mAnyatA kaMIka vicitra lAge che.

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna mokSanA upAyo tarIke jeno saMvara ane nirjarAne gaNAve che. saMvarano artha che karmone AvatAM aTakAvavA ane nirjarAno artha che lAgelAM karmone dUra karavAM. kamane AvatAM aTakAvavA mATe mana, vacana, kAyAnI pravRttino saMyama (gumi), pravRtti karavAmAM viveka rAkhavo (samiti), sahanazIlatA, samatA, kSamA, tyAga, pApavirati, anuprekSA, tapa vagere upAyo jaNAvAyA che. karmone dUra karavA mATe tapa Avazyaka che. bIjI rIte, jeno samyapha darzana, samyapha jJAna ane samyapha cAritrane mokSano upAya gaNe che. mokSa mATe traNeya jarUrI che. samyaka darzana e tattva taraphano pakSapAta che, satya taraphano pakSapAta che. - samyapha darzanane pariNAme, je kaMI jJAna hoya che te samyapha banI jAya che, kAraNa ke have te mokSa prApti mATe upayogI bane che ane kukarmothI pAchA vALe che. jenoe karmonA be bheda ryA che - IryApathika ane sAMparAyika. iryApathika karmo te che je kaSAyarahita pravRttine kAraNe AtmAne lAge che. ane sAMparAyika karmo te che je kaSAyayukta pravRttine kAraNe AtmAne lAge che. iryApathika karmo kharekhara AtmA sAthe baMdhAtA nathI, baMdha nAmano ja hoya che, tenuM koI phaLa nathI. A darzAve che ke pravRtti choDavA karatAM kaSAyo choDavA upara vizeSa bhAra Apavo ucita che. jenAmAM kaSAyo nathI tema chatAM je pravRtti kare che tene jaina paribhASAmAM sayogIvalI kahevAmAM Ave che. tene jIvanmukta gaNI zakAya. je klezo uparAMta karmathI ane pravRttithI paNa mukta bane che tene ayogIkevalI kahevAmAM Ave che. Ane videhamukta gaNI zakAya. bauddhane mate mokSa bauddha mate citta ja AtmA che. citta svabhAvathI prabhAsvara che. jJAna ane darzana teno svabhAva che. rAga-dveSa Adi maLo Agantuka che. A AgaMtuka maLo anAdi kALathI cittapravAha sAthe seLabheLa thaI gayA che. temane dUra karI cittane tenA mULa svabhAvamAM lAvavA buddhano upadeza che. maLo dUra thatAM cittanuM svasvabhAvamAM AvavuM te ja mokSa che." "iinarmanI thiyara bauddho mokSane mATe nirvANa' zabdano prayoga kare che. bauddha mokSane vize kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke pa-venA-saMjJA-saMskAravijJAnapazcaniodhAtu amAvo mokSa. Ama paMcaskadhAbhAva e mokSa che. rUpacchadha dehavAcI che. teno vyApaka artha che bhUta-bhautika zeyapadArtho vijJAna skaMdha e nirvicAra ane pariNAme kevaLa anubhavAtmaka evuM viSayAkAra jJAna che. saMjJAskaMdha e savicAra ane smRtijanya jJAna che. vedanAtkaMdha sukha-duHkhanuM veina che. saMskAraskaMdha e vAsanA che. o pAMca skaMdhono nirodha e mokSa che. Ano artha e thayo ke cittanI vRttirahitatA nirvANa che. nirvANamAM viSayAkAro ke sukhadukhAkAro cittamAM UThatA nathI. nirvANamAM kevaLa zAnti hoya che. tene sukha gaNavuM hoya to gaNo. eka vAra citta AvI avasthAne

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bhAratIya darzanomAM mokSavicAra pAme che pachI te temAMthI Tyuta thatuM nathI. A arthamAM nirvANane ayyata ane nitya gaNavAmAM Ave che. rUpAdi pAMca skaMdho ja saMsArI avasthAmAM eka cittano bIjA cittathI bheda kare che ane vyaktitva bakSe che. A vyaktitvane mATe "pugala' zabdano prayoga karavAmAM Ave che. rUpa Adi pAMca kaMdho ja cittanuM vyaktitva che, mahoruM (mask) che. temanAthI atirikta vyaktitva che ja nahi. A samajAvavA mATe ja nAgasene rathanuM prasiddha daSTAnta ApyuM che. rathanA eka eka avayavane laInAgasena pUche che, "A ratha che"?-dareka vakhate milinda "nA" kahe che. chevaTe koI avayava ke zuM bacatuM nathI tyAre nAgasena pUche che ke to pachI ratha kyAM? cakra Adi avayavothI atirikta ratha nAmanI koI avayavI vastu nathI. avayavothI bhinna avayavI nAmanI koI vastune bauddho svIkAratA nathI e ahIM dhyAnamAM rAkhIe. AMdho pote ja vyaktitva che. A vyaktitvane ja pugala kahevAmAM Ave che. nirvANamAM pAMca skaMdhono abhAva thatAM vyaktitvano arthAt pudgalano abhAva thAya che. paraMtu eno artha e nahi ke cittano abhAva thaI jAya che. vyaktitvavihIna citta to nirvANamAM rahe che ja. arthAt, nirvANamAM badhAM citto taddana ekasarakhAM ja hoya che. temanI vacce koI paNa prakArano bheda hoto nathI. dIpanirvANanuM daSTAnta A pugalanirvANane samajAve che. tela khUTI jatAM ke vATa saLagI jatAM dIvo jema holavAI jAya che, teno uccheda thAya che, tema pAMca dhono abhAva thatAM vyaktitvano (pudgalano) nAza thAya che. 'AtmA' zabda citta ane pudgala baMnene mATe vaparAyo hovAthI nirvANamAM cittano abhAva thaI jAya che evI gerasamaja UbhI thaI che. keTalAkanA mate dIpanirvANanuM daSTAnta, mukta thayeluM citta kyAM jAya che evA praznano potAno uttara samajAvavA bauddhoe Apela che. dIvo bujhAI jatAM kyAM jAya che? pUrvamAM, uttaramAM, upara, nIce, dakSiNamAM, ityAdi? Avo prazna pUchI bauddho sUcavavA mAge che ke mukta thayeluM citta kyAM jAya che e prazna pUchavo yogya nathI. te amuka jagyAe jaIne rahe che ema kahevuM ucita nathI. siddhazilA jevI kalpanAne bauddho yogya gaNatA nathI. bauddhoe nirvANanA be prakAra mAnyA che . sopadhizeSa ane nirupadhizeSa. sopadhiroSamAM rAgAdino nAza thaI jAya che paNa paMcaskaMdho rahe che. ahIM cittanuM pudgala arthAt vyaktitva nirAsrava (rAgAdi doSarahita) hoya che. Ane jIvanmukti gaNI zakAya. nirupadhizeSamAM pAMca dhono paNa abhAva thaI jAya che. ahIM cittanuM pugala arthAt vyaktitva paNa nAza pAme che. kevaLa citta ja rahe che. Ane videhamukti gaNI zakAya.' bauddhonuM citta kSaNika che, to pachI tenA mokSanI vAta karavAno zo artha ? Ano uttara e che ke citta kSaNika hovA chatAM evAM cittonI eka hAramALAne ( = santatine),

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14 bhAratIya tatvajJAna jemAM pUryapUrvanAM kSaNika citto uttarauttaranAM kSaNika cittonAM upAdAnakAraNo hoya che, bauddho mAne che. cittasannatimAM pravAhanityatA che. tethI tenA mokSanI vAta karavAmAM kazuM anucita nathI. je cittasagnati maLo dUra karI zuddha thAya che te ja sannati mukta thAya che, bIjI nahi. cittasaMtati ane cittadravya e bemAM koI khAsa bheda nathI. buddha nirvANanA upAyo tarIke zIla, samAdhi ane prajJAne gaNAvyAM che. vaLI temaNe Arya aSTAMgikamArga, sAta bodhiaMga, cAra mitrI Adi bhAvanA (brahmavihAra) ane samAdhine paNa nirvANanA upAyo gaNAvyA che. "bauddho paNa kahe che ke tRSNA ja duHkhanuM mULa che ane karmabaMdhanuM kAraNa che. je tRSNArahita banI pravRtti kare che, te duHkhI thato nathI ane karma bAMdhato nathI. sAMkhyayoga dRSTie mokSa sAMkhyayoga mate AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika ane Adhibhautika duHkhatrayanI AtyaMtika nivRtti mokSa che. sAMkhya yoga citta uparavaTa puruSa mAne che. tethI prazna UThe che * ke mokSa kono-cittano ke puruSano ? keTalAka baMdha ane mokSa kharekhara cittanA ja mAne che. jyAre bIjA keTalAka baMdha ane mokSa puruSanA mAne che. jeo baMdha ane mokSa cittanA mAne che teo kahe che : cittamAM puruSanuM pratibiMba paDe che. puruSanA prakAzathI prakAzita citta pote ja purUSa chuM evuM abhimAna dharAve che. A cittano aviveka (yA ajJAna) che. citta yogasAdhanA dvArA vRttinirodha kare che ane cittamaLone dUra karI potAnI zuddhi kare che. AvA cittamAM puruSanuM spaSTa ane vizada pratibiMba paDe che. have cittane purUSanA kharA svarUpanuM jJAna thAya che ane pariNAme potAno puruSathI bheda samajAya che. A che vivekajJAna. vivekajJAnathI te jANe che ke puruSa to kUTasthanitya ane nirguNa che, jyAre huM pariNAmI ane guNI chuM. AvuM vivekajJAna thatAM citta puruSanA pratibiMbane jhIlavAnuM baMdha karI de che ane saMpUrNa vRttinirodha karI puruSa AgaLa pote pragaTa thavAnuM baMdha karI de che. tene have puruSa sAthe koI saMbaMdha raheto nathI, kAraNa ke puruSa cittanI vRttiono ja draSTA che. paraMtu vRttiono saMpUrNa nirodha thatAM puruSa pote draSTAsvarUpa hovA chatAM teno citta sAtheno draSTApaNAno saMbaMdha pUro thaI jAya che. citta kevaLa banI jAya che. puruSanuM pratibiMba cittamAM paDatuM nathI. chevaTe cittano potAnI mULa prakRtimAM laya thaI jAya che. A cittalaya ja mokSa che. cittamAM puruSanA pratibiMbano artha samajavAno che cittanuM puruSAkAre pariNamana. citta te te viSayanA AkAre pariNamI tene jANe che. jeo cittano mokSa mAne che teo puruSamAM cittanA pratibiMbanI vAta karatA nathI. jeo puruSano mokSa mAne che teo puruSamAM cittanuM pratibiMba svIkAre che. A pratibiMba durpaNamAM mukhapratibiMba jevuM che, pariNAmarUpa nathI. tema chatAM jeo puruSamAM

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bhAratIya darzanomAM mokSavicAra 15 cittanuM pratibiMba nathI svIkAratA teo mAne che ke AvuM pratibiMba paNa puruSamAM mAnIe to phUTasthanitya puruSanI be avasthAo mAnavI paDe ane pariNAme puruSanA phUTasthanityatvane hAni thAya.. koIne prazna thAya ke cittanA mokSanI vAtamAM du:khamukti kyAM AvI ? eno uttara A pramANe che : du:kha e cittanI vRtti che. du: kharUpa cittavRtti udbhavavAnuM kAraNa rAga Adi klezo che. klezo paNa cittavRttio che. rAga Adi klezorUpa cittavRttiono nirodha thatAM duHkharUpa cittavRttiono nirodha thaI jAya che. vivekAnarUpa cittavRttithI avivekajJAnarUpa cittavRttino nirodha thaI jAya che. avivekajJAnarUpa cittavRttino nirodha thatAM rAga Adi klezarUpa cittavRttiono nirodha thAya che ane klezarUpa cittavRttiono nirodha thatAM duH kharUpa cittavRttiono nirodha thaI jAya che.54 55 vivekI cittane kleza ke du:kha hotAM nathI. vivekI cittane punarbhava nathI. A jIvanmukti che. tenAM prArabdha karmo bhogavAI jatAM vivekI citta karmamukta thAya che ane teno prakRtimAM laya thAya che. A videhamukti che. Ama kramathI ajJAnamukti, klezamukti, du:khamukti ane karmamukti thAya che.50 56 jeo puruSanI muktinI vAta kare che teo A pramANe jaNAve che : pariNAmI cittanI vRttionuM pratibiMba puruSamAM paDe che. puruSagata cittavRttinA pratibiMbano artha puruSanuM cittavRttinA AkAre pariNamana nathI paraMtu kevaLa pratibiMba ja che. tethI puruSanI phrUTasthanityatAne kaMI vAMdho Avato nathI. cittanI sva-puruSanA avivekarUpa cittavRtti, sukhAkAra be duHkhAkAra cittavRtti puruSamAM pratibiMbita thAya che. Ama puruSamAM pratibiMbAtmaka aviveka ane du:kha che. jyAre cittamAM vivekajJAnarUpI vRtti jAge che tyAre kramathI rAgAdi klezorUpa cittavRttio ane duHkharUpa cittavRttio cittamAM UThatI nathI. pariNAme puruSamAM paNa pratibiMbAtmaka vivekajJAna jAge che ane tethI kramarA: pratibiMbAtmaka klezarUpa cittavRttio ane duH kharUpa cittavRttio dUra thAya che. Ama puruSa pratibiMbAtmaka duHkhamAMthI mukta thAya che.pa chevaTe jyAre citta vivekajJAnarUpa vRttinoya nirodha karI sarve vRttiono nirodha sAdhe che tyAre cittanuM pratibiMba puruSamAM paDatuM baMdha thaI jAya che, kAraNa ke vRttirahita cittanuM pratibiMba puruSamAM paDI zakatuM nathI. Ama puruSa sAva kevaLa banI jAya che ane kaivalya pAmyo ema kahevAya che. .. Ama cittano yA guNono potAnA mULa kAraNamAM laya e kaivalya che; athavA svasvarUpamAM pratiSThita citizakti e kaivalya che.61 mokSamAM cittano to laya thaI gayo hoya che. kevaLa puruSa ja hoya che. puruSane sukha hotuM nathI, kAraNa ke have sukharUpa cittavRttinuM puruSamAM pratibiMba asaMbhava che. bIjuM, puruSa draSTA che paraMtu tenA darzananA viSayabhUta cittavRttino abhAva hoI puruSane kazAnuM darzana

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna nathI. Ama ahIM te kazAnuM darzana na karato hovA chatAM draSTA che. sAMkhyayoga puruSabahutvavAdI hoI AvA mukta puruSo aneka che.* mukta puruSone rahevAnuM koI niyata sthAna sAMkhyayoge jaNAvyuM nathI. AnuM kAraNa e hoI zake ke temane mate puruSa vibhu yA sarvagata che. puruSane jJAna hotuM nathI kAraNa ke e to cittano dharma che. nyAya-vaizeSika mate mokSa nyAya-vaizeSika mate paNa Atyantika duHkhanivRtti mokSa che. ApaNe joI gayA ke A dArzaniko cittane mAnatA nathI. paraMtu cittanA jJAna, duHkha vagere dharmo puruSamAM mAne che. Ama du:kha puruSano dharma che, guNa che. jJAna, sukha, duHkha vagere guNo anitya che. teo utpanna thAya che ane nAza pAme che. anitya guNo dharAvanAra puruSa kUTasthanityakema hoI zake? te mATe nyAya-vaizeSikoe anitya guNone puruSathI atyaMta bhinna mAnyA che. chatAM te utpanna thaI puruSamAM samavAya saMbaMdhathI rahe che. tethI duHkha e puruSanuM svarUpa nathI paNa Avo guNa che. duHkhanI utpatti thatI taddana baMdha karI devAmAM Ave to puruSamAM samavAyasaMbaMdhathI rahetA duHkhano abhAva thaI jAya. A ja mokSa che. sAMkhyanA cittanA je dharmo che te vaizeSikanA puruSanA vizeSa guNo che. A guNo nava che - jJAna, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma ane saMskAra. A naveya guNono atyanta uccheda mokSa che. AtmAnA A vizeSa guNono atyanta uccheda thavAthI AtmAno potAno uccheda thato nathI, kAraNa ke dravyarUpa AtmA nirvikAra, kUTanitya che ane teno tenA vizeSaguNothI atyanta bheda che. AtmAnA badhA vizeSaguNono jyAre atyanta uccheda thAya che tyAre tenuM svasvarUpamAM avasthAna thAya che. paraMtu AtmAnuM svarUpa zuM? nyAya-vaizeSikoe kahyuM nathI paNa temanA AtmAnuM svarUpa paNa sAMkhyanA puruSanuM ja svarUpa - darzana - che te hoya. nyAya-vaizeSikono AtmA - cetana che. temane mate jJAnayogyatA ja AtmasvarUpa che, je mokSamAM paNa hoya che ja. - uparanI carcA uparathI phalita thayuM ke mokSamAM AtmAne jJAna paNa nathI ke sukha paNa nathI. (ane darzananI vAta to kyAMya nyAya-vaizeSikoe karI ja nathI.) nyAyavaizeSikonA AvA mokSanI kaTa AlocanA virodhIoe karI che. teo kahe che ke muktimAM AtmA sukha ane saMvedanathI rahita thaI jato hoya to enI ane jaDa paththaranI vacce zuM aMtara rahyuM ? mukta AtmA ane jaDa paththara baMne sukha ane jJAnathI rahita che. jo mukta AtmA jaDa paththara jevo ja hoya to pachI te duHkhamukta che ema kahevAno zo artha ?15 AnA uttaramAM nyAya-vaizeSiko jaNAve che ke koI buddhimAna mANasane enuM kaheto sAMbhaLyo nathI ke paththara duHkhamAMthI mukta thayo. duHkhanivRttino prazna tenI ja bAbatamAM UThe che jenI bAbatamAM duHkhotpatti zakya hoya. paththaramAM duHkhotpatti zakya ja nathI. tethI mukta AtmAne paththara sAthe sarakhAvavo yogya nathI. vaLI, virodhIo For. Private & Personal Use Only

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bhAratIya darzanomAM mokSavicAra AkSepa kare che ke jo mukta puruSane kaMI jJAna na hoya ane tene kaMI sukha na hoya to tenI avasthA mUrchAvasthA jevI gaNAya ane mUchavasthAne koI nathI icchatuM, to tene koNa Icche ? AnA uttaramAM nyAya-vaizeSika jaNAve che ke buddhimAna manuSya kadIya mUchavasthA nathI icchato ema mAnavuM barAbara nathI. asahya vedanAthI kaMTALI buddhimAna manuSya paNa mUchavasthA icche che ane keTalIka vAra to AtmahatyA karavA paNa tatpara thAya che. vaLI, nyAya-vaizeSika ciMtako kahe che ke sukha ane duHkhanivRtti baMneya ISTa che, puruSArtha che, paraMtu buddhimAna vyaktine te bemAMthI duHkhanivRtti ja vadhu priya che kAraNa ke te jANe che ke kevaLa sukha pAmavuM azakya che, sukha duHkhAnuSakta ja hoya che. nyAya-vaizeSikanA A prasthApita siddhAMta viruddha navamI zatAbdInA bhAvasarvajJa nAmanA naiyAyike mokSamAM nitya sukha ane tenA saMvedananI sthApanA karI che.* jo puruSanuM svarUpa darzana hoya to nyAya-vaizeSikoe darzananI vAta kema kyAMya karI nathI? ApaNe jANIe chIe ke puruSanA darzanano viSaya cittavRttio che. cittane na mAnavAthI cittavRttiono abhAva che. tethI nyAya-vaizeSikonA puruSane darzananA viSayano sadaMtara sarvakALe abhAva che. eTale nyAya-vaizeSikoe darzananI vAta karI lAgatI nathI. cittane na mAnavA chatAM vRttio to nyAya-vaizeSikoe mAnI che, alabatta te puruSagata che. puruSamAM samavAyasaMbaMdhathI rahetI vRttionuM darzana puruSa kare che ema mAnavAmAM nyAya-vaizeSikone zI Apatti che? koI Apatti jaNAtI nathI. alabatta, tema mAnatAM temaNe jJAna kadI asaMvidita rahetuM nathI ema mAnavuM paDe, jJAna saMvidita ja utpanna thAya che ema mAnavuM paDe - je emane ISTa nathI. kadAca e kAraNe darzanane temaNe svIkAryuM ja na . hoya ema bane. anAtma deha vageremAM Atmabuddhi mithyAjJAna che." anAtma deha vageremAM anAtmabuddhi ane AtmAmAM Atmabuddhi tattvajJAna che." tattvajJAnathI mithyAjJAna dUra thAya che. mithyAjJAna dUra thatAM anAtma zarIra vagere pratyeno moha - rAga dUra thAya che. arthAt mithyAjJAna dUra thatAM rAga vagere doSo dUra thAya che. rAga vagere doSo dUra thatAM vyaktinI pravRtti nirdoSa banI jAya che. AvI rAgAdidoSarahita pravRtti punarbhavanuM kAraNa nathI. doSarahita pravRtti karanArano punarbhava aTakI jAya che. pravRtti doSarahita hovAthI navAM karmo baMdhAtAM nathI. tethI je rAga vagere doSothI mukta thaI gayo hoya che te viharato hovA chatAM mukta che - jIvanmukta che. A avasthAne aparAmukti kahevAmAM Ave che. je rAga vagere doSothI mukta thayo hoya che teno punarbhava aTakI gayo hovA chatAM ane te navAM karmo bAMdhato na hovA chatAM tenAM pUrvakRta karmonAM badhAM phaLa bhogavAIna jAya tyAM sudhI tene chellA janmamAM jIvavAnuM hoya che.5 ananta janmomAM karelAM karmo eka janmamAM kevI rIte bhogavAI jAya evI zaMkA ahIM koIne thAya. A zaMkAnuM

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18 bhAratIya tattvajJAna se samAdhAna nyAya-vaizeSika ciMtako nIce pramANe kare che. eka, karmakSaya mATe ATalo samaya joIe ja evo koI niyama nathI." bIjuM, pUrvanA ananta janmomAM jema karmono saMcaya thato rahyo tema bhogathI temano kSaya paNa thato rahyo hoya che. trIjuM, chellA janmamAM te te karmano vipAka bhogavavA mATe jarUrI judAM judAM aneka nirmANazarIro yogasiddhinA baLe nirmANa karIne tema ja mukta AtmAoe choDI dIdhelAM manone grahaNa karIne te jIvanmukta badhAM pUrvakRta karmonA vipAkane bhogavI le che. pUrvakarmo chellA janmamAM bhogavAI jatAM nirdoSa pravRtti paNa aTakI jAya che, arthAt zarIra paDe che. paraMtu have bhogavavAnAM koI karmo na hovAthI navuM zarIra te dhAraNa karato nathI. teno janma sAtheno saMparka chUTI jAya che, deha sAtheno saMbaMdha chUTI jAya che. deha sAtheno saMbaMdha nAza pAmatAM sarva duHkhono Atmantika uccheda thaI jAya che. Ane parAmukti yA nirvANamukti kahevAmAM Ave che. 79 8 1 tattvajJAnathI doSa, pravRtti, janma ane duHkha dUra thAya che e kharuM paNa tattvajJAna kevI rIte utpanna thAya che ? tattvajJAnanI utpatti aSTAMga yoganA anuSThAnathI thAya che. vaLI, tattvajJAnanI utpatti mATe adhyAtmavidyAnuM zravaNa-manana-nididhyAsana, adhyAtmavida sAtheno saMvAda ane azubha saMjJAnI bhAvanA paNa jarUrI che. mImAMsaka mate mokSa AtmA vizenI mImAMsaka mAnyatA lagabhaga nyAya-vaizeSikanI mAnyatA jevI ja che. mImAMsaka mate paNa jJAna AtmAnuM svarUpa nathI paNa guNa che, je amuka nimittakAraNane pariNAme AtmAmAM utpanna thAya che. suSupti ane mokSamAM AtmAmAM jJAna hotuM nathI, kAraNa ke jJAnanAM nimitta kAraNo indriyArthasannikarSa vagere suSupti ane mokSamAM hotAM nathI. mImAMsakono vaizeSikothI eTalo bheda che ke mImAMsako mokSamAM AtmAmAM jJAnazakti mAne che jyAre vaizeSiko mokSamAM AtmAmAM jJAnazakti mAnatA nathI. AnuM kAraNa e che ke mImAMsako dravya, guNa, karma vagere uparAMta padArthomAM zaktine eka padArtha tarIke svIkAre che, jyAre nyAya-vaizeSiko zaktipadArthane svIkAratA nathI. AtmAne mokSamAM jema jJAna nathI tema sukha, du:kha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma tathA saMskAra paNa nathI. mImAMsA kAmya karmone arthAt tRSNAprerita pravRttine ja duHkhanuM ane karmabaMdhananuM kAraNa gaNe che. niSkAmabhAve karavAmAM AvatAM vedavihita ane nityanaimittaka karmo du:kha ke karmabaMdhanuM kAraNa nathI. eTale du:khamAMthI mukta thavA kAmya karmone tema ja niSiddha karmone choDavAM joIe. A karmone choDavA tRSNA yA kAmane choDavo joIe, tRSNAne jItavA AtmAne kharAkhara jANavo joIe. AtmAne arthAt brahmane jANavA vedAntano abhyAsa karavo joIe. AtmajJAna mokSAbhigAmI pravRttinuM kAraNa che, AtmajJAna mokSanuM sAkSAt kAraNa nathI. mokSanuM sAkSAt kAraNa AtmajJAnapUrvakanI

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bhAratIya darzanomAM mokSavicAra 19 - pravRtti che - karma che. mokSamAM jJAna nathI. mokSamAM sukha nathI. "niyAnazrva mokSa:'4, mokSamAM du:khAbhAvamAtra che. mokSamAM jJAnarAkti mAnI che.5 zAMkara vedAntIonA mate mokSa : brahmane satya ane jagatane mithyA mAnanAra zAMkara vedAntIne mate jagatanI badhI vastuonI jema citta paNa mithyA che, mAyAjanita che. temanuM astitva vyAvahArika che, pAramArthika nathI. jyAM sudhI jIvane ajJAna che tyAM sudhI tene mATe temanuM astitva che. jJAna thatAM temanuM astitva nathI. paraMtu jIva zuM che ? te che mAyika cittamAM paDatuM brahmanuM (= puruSanuM) pratibiMba. sAMkhyathI viruddha ahIM puruSo aneka nathI paNa eka che. e eka puruSanuM pratibiMba aneka citto jhIle che. cittono bheTha saMskArabhede ane klerAbhede che. AvAM bhinna saMskAra ane bhinna klezo dharAvatAM cittomAM paDatuM pratibiMba cittamAdhyamabhede bhinna bhinna hoya che. A pratibiMbo (jIvo) ema mAne che ke teo badhAM puruSathI bhinna che ane temanuM svataMtra astitva che. pratibiMbanuM astitva kadI biMbanirapekSa svataMtra hoI zake ? nA. paraMtu teo to potAne svataMtra astitva dharAvatA mAne che. A temanuM ajJAna che." "tuM brahma ja che'' e mahAvAkyanuM zravaNa, AcAryopadeza, vagerethI tene jhAMkhI thavA lAge che ke huM brahma chuM, tyAra bAda te ''huM brahma chu'' evI akhaMDAkAra cittavRttinA pravAha dvArA (arthAt dhyAna dvArA) bhedaviSayaka ajJAnarUpa cittavRttino nAza kare che. ajJAnarUpa cittavRttino nArA thatAM ajJAnanA vaizvika rUpa mAyAmAMthI pedA thayeluM citta lopa pAmI jAya che, cittano lopa thatAM cittamAM paDatuM brahmanuM pratibiMba potAnA biMbamAM (=brahmamAM) samAI jAya che. Ama jIva-brahmanuM aikya thAya che. Aja brahmasAkSAtkAra che. A ja vedAntanI mukti che. have prazna thAya che ke AmAM duHkhamuktinI vAta kyAM AvI ? eka jIva potAne bIjA jIvothI ane brahmathI judo mAne che eTale moha, zoka, vagere janme che, je du:khanAM kAraNa che. eTale jIve badhe ektva ja jovuM joIe ane badhAne brahmarUpa ja samajavA joIe, jethI du:khano saMbhava ja na rahe. taMtra jo moha: : co: tvamanupazyataH / ekatva hoya tyAM bhaya paNa kono rahe ? be hoya tyAM eka bIjAthI bhaya pAme. dvitIyAvuM vai mayaM mati / eTale advaitasAkSAtkAra ja duHkhamukti che. brahmane AnaMdasvarUpa varNavyuM che. muktimAM jIva brahmamAM samAI jAya che, brahmarUpa banI jAya che, tenuM alaga astitva ke vyaktitva rahetuM ja nathI. te brahmatva prApta kare che. pariNAme te svayaM AnaMdasvarUpa banI jAya che. te AnaMdano anubhava karanAro ke bhoktA nathI paNa te pote ja AnaMda che. muktimAM cittanuM astitva na hoI, cittanI koI vRtti hotI nathI. nathI hotuM sukha, nathI hotuM du:kha, nathI hotuM jJAna. ahIM prazna thAya ke AnaMda e sukha nathI to zuM che ? te sukha nathI. te sukha, du:kha, zoka, bhaya, kAma vagerenA

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna abhAvane kAraNe vyakta thatI parama zAnti che. adhyAtmazAstromAM A zAnti ja icchavAmAM AvI che. brahmane jJAnarUpa varNavavAmAM AvyuM che paraMtu tyAM jJAnano artha darzana, draSkRtva yA sAkSita che. jJAna to cittanI (antaHkaraNanI) vRtti che. muktimAM aikyazAna paNa nathI. jema sAMkhyamAM muktimAM bhedajJAna (= vivekAna) nathI, tema vedAntamAM muktimAM aikyajJAna paNa nathI. brahma parama sat che. Ama mukta thayela jIva sata, cit ane AnaMdasvarUpa brahmamAM samAI jAya che, tadrupa thaI jAya che. brahmabhAvanI prApti mATe jIve yogasAdhanA karavI jarUrI che. TippaNa 1 juo nyAyasUtra 1.1.1 upara udyotakaranuM vArtika 2 dhammacakkapavattanasutta, saMyuttanikAya. 3 yathA cikitsAzAstraM caturgraha-rogo, rogahetuH, Arogya, bhaiSajyamiti / evamidamapi zAstraM caturmyaham-tad yathA saMsAra: saMsArahetu: mokSo mokSopAya iti / vyAsabhASya 2.15 4 nyAyapAti: 1.1.1 5 prazastapAdabhASya, AtmaprakaraNa F RivevayanalAvya, 3.22 / 7 cittaM cetaNA buddhiH taM jIvatattvameva / agastyasiMhacUrNi, dasakAliyasutta 4.4 / . prAcIna jaina sAhityamA prayuta sathitta', 'yitta', 'puNyatta' kore ho viyAro. 8 cittasya... prakhyArUpam / yogavArtika 1.2 / 'prayA'no artha cha zAna... puruSasya.. draSTatvam / sAMkhyakArikA 19 / yo hi jAnAti... na tasya... arthadarzanam... yasya cArthadarzanaM na sa jAnAti / nyAyamaJjarI (kAzIsaMskRtasirija) pR. 24. . 8 ...puruSasyApariNAmitvAt / yogasUtra 4.18 / purussshcinmaatro'vikaarii| yogavArtika 1.4 / 10 yathA ca citi buddheH pratibimbamevaM buddhAvapi citpratibimbaM svIkAryam / yogavArtika 1.4 / 11 sabbesu dhammesu ca ANadassI / suttanipAta 478 / tamahaM jAnAmi passAmi ti / majjhimanikAya 9.329 / upayogo (jIvasya-cittasya) lakSaNam / sa dvividhaH... / tattvArthasUtra 2.8-9 / sa upayogo dvividhaH... jJAnopayogo darzanopayogazca / sarvArthasiddhi, 2.9 / 12 jnyaanaadhikrnnmaatmaa| tarkasaMgraha 17, dumo vai sUtra 3.2.4. 13 ..guNaguNinau... mithaH sambaddhAvanubhUyete... tasmAd bhinne eva vastunI sambaddhe sAmAnAdhi karaNyena pratIyete / nyAyArtikatAtparyaTIkA 1.1.4 / /

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bhAratIya darzanomAM mokSavicAra 14 buddhisukhaduHkhecchAdveSaprayatnadharmAdharmabhAvanA Atmamana:saMyogajA: / kandalI (gaMgAnAthajhAgraMthamAlA - 1) 1753, 5. 238 15. vaizeSikasUtra 3.2.4 11 tatra duHkhatrayam AdhyAtmikam Adhibhautikam AdhidaivikaJceti / sAMkhyakArikA - gauDapAdabhASya 1. 17 pariNAmatApasaMskAraduHkhairguNavRttivirodhAcca duHkhameva sarvaM vivekinaH / yogasUtra 2.15. jauddhonI parizAbhachuH ma ane saMsArahuH manI mAnyatA bhATe tumo abhidharmakozavyAkhyA (Woghara 1971) pR. 23 18 tasya (duHkhasya) hetuH avidyA / yogasUtra 2.24 / bhumo nyAyasUtra 1.1.2 tathA tattvArtha sUtra 8.1 / 18 klezamUlaH karmAzayaH / yogasUtra 2.12 / nidAnasaMyutta, saMyuttanikAya / mahAnidAnasutta, dIghanikAya. 20. dumo 'Rajas and Karman', Sambodhi, Vol. 6, Nos 1-2. 21. yogasUtra 1.33 / tattvArthasUtra 7.6 / vizudvibhArga, hindI anuvAha, sAranAtha, 1859, lA. 1. pR. 213-287 21 22 na, klezasantateH svAbhAvikatvAt / nyAyasUtra 4.1.65 / anAdirayaM klezasantatiH, na cAnAdiH zakya ucchettumiti / nyAyabhASya 4.1.65 klezAnubandhAnnAstyapavargaH / klezAnubaddha evAyaM mriyate klezAnubaddhazca jAyate nAsya klezAnubandhavicchedo gRhyate / nyAyabhASya 4.1.59 23 pravRttyanubandhAnnAstvapavargaH / nyAyabhASya 4.1.59 24 na, arthavizeSaprAbalyAt / nyAyasUtra 4. 2.39 25. kSudAdibhiH pravartanAcca / nyAyasUtra 4.2.40 25 kandalI, pR. 213 27 suSuptasya svapnAdarzane klezAbhAvAdapavargaH / nyAyasUtra 4.1.63 28 na, saGkalpanimittatvAcca rAgAdInAm / nyAyasUtra 4.1.68 27 ... pratipakSabhAvanAbhyAsena ca samUlamunmUlayituM zakyante doSA iti / nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga 2, pR. 86 (kAzIsaMskRta sirijha) 30 na pravRttiH pratisandhAnAya hInaklezasya / nyAyasUtra 4.1.64 / tato mithyAjJAnasya dagdhabIjabhAvopagamaH punazcAprasavaH... | yogabhASya 2.26 / 31 nyAyasUtra 4.2.42 / 1

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2 bhAratIya tattvajJAna 32 kandalI, pR. 213 33 tattvArthasUtra, 10.2 (sarvArthasiddhisahita) 34 tadanantaramUrdhvaM gacchatyAlokAntAt / tattvArthasUtra 5.5 u5 jaM saMThANaM tu ihaM bhavaM cayaMtassa crmsmysmi| __ AsI ya paesaghaNaM taM saMThANaM tahiM tassa / Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 1228 / 39 tattvArthasUtra 9.1-8 u7 samyagdarzanajJAnacaritrANi mokSamArgaH / tattvArthasUtra 1.1. 38 tattvArthasUtra (paM. sumatAsa- rAtI vyAbhyA sAye) sUtra 1.9 38 sakaSAyAkaSAyayo: sAmparAyikeryApathayoH / tattvArthasUtra 6.5 (paM. sumArAnI rAtI vyAbhyAsAye) 40 prabhAsvaramidaM cittaM prakRtyA''gantavo malA: / pramANavArtika 1.210 41 cittameva hi saMsAro raagaadikleshvaasitm| tadeva tairvinirmuktaM bhavAnta iti kthyte| tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA (pR. 104) mA yoddhAyArya kamalazIle udghata karela prAcIna bauddha zloka. 42 zAntarakSita tatvasaMgrahamAM (pR. 184) spaSTapaNe A pramANe jaNAve che. 43 rena vidvAna 53 potAnA tattvArtharAjavArtika' mA prabhArI polizane. samajAvela che. 44 milindapaNha (V. Trenckner, London 1880) a. 2, pR. 25-28 45. kammassa kArako natthi vipAkassa ca vedako / - suddhadhammA pavattanti evetaM sammadassanaM // visuddhimagga a. 19 46 dIpo yathA nirvRtimabhyupeto naivAvaniM gacchati nAntarikSam / dizaM na kAzcid vidizaM na . kAJcit snehakSayAt kevalameti zAntim / saundarananda, 16.29 47 dvividhaM nirvANamupavarNitam-sopadhizeSa nirupadhizeSaM ca / tatra niravazeSasya - avidyArAgAdikasya klezagaNasya prahANAt sopadhizeSaM nirvaannmissyte| ...upadhizabdena... paJcopAdAnaskandhA ucyante / ... saha upadhizeSeNa vartata iti sopadhizeSam / tacca skandhamAtrakameva kevalam... / yatra tu nirvANe skandhamAtrakamapi nAsti tanirupadhizeSa nirvANam / mAdhyamikavRtti, pR. 519 48 klezakarmAbhisaMskRtasya santAnasyAvicchedena pravartanAt paraloke phalapratilabhbho'midhIyate / bodhicaryAvatArapaJjikA (bibliothekA iMDikA) pR. 473 / gumo. ntarakSitata. A tattvasaMgrahamAM karmaphalasaMbaMdha parIkSA nAmanuM prakaraNa. -

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/ bhAratIya daranomAM mokSavicAra 48 o yauddhadharzana, nagIna 9. us, pR. 12-118. 50 saivuR7, 12 51 sadA jJAtAzcittavRttayastatprabhoH puruSasya... / yogasUtra 4.18 52 tadavasthe cetasi viSayAbhAvAt buddhibodhAtmA puruSaH kiMsvabhAva iti ? tadA draSTaH svarUpe'vasthAnam / yogasUtra 1.3 (bhASyotthAnikAsahita) 53 yathA ca citi buddheH pratibimbamevaM buddhAvapi citpratibimba svIkAryam / yogavArtika, 1.4 54-55 tallAbhAd (=vivekajJAnalAbhAd) avidyAdayaH klezAH samUlakASaM kaSitA bhavanti / kuzalAkuzalAzca karmAzayA: samUlaghAtaM hatA bhavanti / klezakarmanivRttau jIvanneva vidvAn vimukto bhavati / kasmAt ? yasmAd viparyayo bhavasya kAraNam ? nahi kSINaviparyaya: kazcit kenacit kvacit jAto dRzyata iti / yogabhASya 4.60 51 sAMkhyakArikA, 68 57 Adyastu mokSo jJAnena... dvitIyo rAgAdikSayAditi... karmakSayAt tRtIyaM vyAkhyAtaM mokSalakSaNam / yogavArtika, 4.25-4.32 58 yadyapi puruSazcinmAtro'vikArI tathApi buddherviSayAkAravRttInAM puruSe yAni pratibimbAni tAnyeva puruSasya vRttayaH, na ca tAbhi: avastubhUtAmi: pariNAmitvaM sphaTikasyevAtattva to'nyathAbhAvAt / yogavArtika, 1.4 58 sAMkhyapravacanabhASya 1.1 60 paramANoriva vRttyatiriktAnAM pratibimbasamarpaNAsAmarthyasya phalabalena kalpanAt / / yogavArtika, 1.4 . 11 puruSArthazUnyAnAM guNAnAM pratiprasava: kaivalyaya, svarUpapratiSThA vA citizaktiriti / yogasUtra, 4.34 12 kaivalyaM prAptAstarhi santi ca bahavaH kevalinaH / yogabhASya 1.24. 53 navAnAmAtmavizeSaguNAnAmatyantocchittirmokSaH / vyomavatI (caukhambA, 1930), pR. 638 64 samastAtmavizeSaguNocchedopalakSitA svarUpasthitireva / kandalI pR. 692. 15. yadi muktAtmAnaH pASANatulyajaDAstarhi kathaM tatra duHkhanivRttivyapadeza: ? FF na hi 'pASANo duHkhAnivRttaH' iti kenApi prekSAvatA vyapadizyate / duHkhasaMbhava eva hi du:khanivRttirnirdiSTumarhati / 17 na, duHkhArtAnAM tadabhAvavedanamabhisandhAyaiva tajjihAMsAdarzanAt, kathamanyathA dehamapi jaaH| ___Atmatattvaviveka (caukhambA 1140), pR. 438 18 nyAyabhASya 1.1.2

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna 18 nyAyasAra pR. 5.94-18 (pazana zapratiSThAna, vArANasI, 1.818). 70 kiM punastanmithyAjJAnam / anAtmanyAtmagrahaH / nyAyabhASya 4.2.1 . 71 tattvajJAnaM khalu mithyAjJAnaviparyayeNa vyAkhyAtam / nyAyabhASya 1.1.2 72 yadA tu tattvajJAnAd mithyAjJAnamapaiti tadA mithyAjJAnApAye doSA apayAnti / nyAyabhASya 73 na pravRtti: pratisandhAnAya hInaklezasya / nyAyasUtra 4.1.64 74 so'yamadhyAtmaM bahizca viviktacitto viharanmukta ityucyate / nyAyabhASya 4.1.64 75. ...sarvANi pUrvakarmANi hyante janmani vipacyanta iti / nyAyabhASya 4.1.64 . 71 ... anantAnAM kathamekasmin janmani parikSaya iti cet / kandalI, pR. 687 77 na. kAlAniyamAt / kandalI, pR. 687 78 yathaiva tAvat pratijanma karmANi cIyante, tathaiva bhogAt kSIyante ca / kandalI, pR. 687 78 yogI hI yogarddhisiddhayA... nirmAya tadupabhogayogyAni... tAni tAni sendriyANi zarIrANi, anta:karaNAni ca muktAtmabhirupekSitAni gRhItvA sakalakarmaphalamanubhavati prAptaizcarya itItthamupabhogena karmaNAM kSaya: / nyAyamaJjarI, bhA. 2. pR. 88 80 pravRttyapAye janmApaiti / nyAyabhASya 1.1.2 81. samAdhivizeSAbhyAsAt / nyAyasUtra 4.2.38 tadarthaM yamaniyamAbhyAmAtmasaMskAro yogAccAdhyAtmavidhyupAyaiH / nyAyasUtra, 4.2.46 / 82 jJAnagrahaNAbhyAsastadvidyaizca saha saMvAdaH / nyAyasUtra 4.2.47 . 83 nyAyabhASya 4.2.3 84 zAstradIpikA pR. 125-30 . 85. yadasya svaM naijaM rUpaM jJAnazaktisattAdravyatvAdi tasminnavatiSThate / zAstradIpikA, pR. 130 86 buddhibhedAditi / buddhiranta:karaNam / Adye pakSe buddhibhedAt tatsaMskArabhedaH / tadbhedAcca tadavacchinnAjJAnabhedaH / tadbhedAcca tatpratibimbitacaitanyabheda iti jIvanAnAtvam / antye tu buddhibhedAt tatpratibimbitacaitanyabheda iti jIvanAnAtvam / pAramArthikatvAditi / pratibimbaM ca na bimbAdanyat kiJcidityanupadamevoktamiti bimbarUpeNa pAramArthikameva tat / siddhAntabinduTIkA (abhyaMkarakRtA) pR. 47, B.O.R.I. Poona, 1928 87 tadevaM vedAntavAkyajanyAkhaNDAkAravRttyA avidyAnivRttau tatkalpitasakalAnarthanivRttau paramAnandarUpaH san kRtakRtyo bhavati / ' siddhAntabinduTIkA (zaMkarakRtA) pR. 153, B.O.R.I, Poona, 1928.

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3 karma ane punarjanma jema bhautika jagatamAM kAryakAraNano niyama kArya kare che tema naitika jagatamAM paNa kAryakAraNano niyama kArya kare che. tene ApaNe karmano niyama-karmasiddhAnta kahIe chIe. dareka kriyAne tenuM phaLa hoya che. 'jevuM karazo tevuM pAmazo' A bhAvanA bhAratIya saMskRtimAM vyApta che. karmasiddhAntanI pAyAnI vAta A ja che. paraMtu A siddhAnta kevI rIte kAma kare che te samajavuM kaThaNa che. karmanI gati vicitra che ane na kaLI zakAya evI che. ApaNe ghaNI vAra joIe chIe ke sajjana mANasa sukAryo karavA chatAM A janmamAM tenA phaLarUpa sukha pAmato nathI ane durjana mANasa kukarma karavA chatAM A janmamAM bharapUra sukha bhogave che. AvI paristhitine laI ApaNI zraddhA karmasiddhAntamAMthI na Dage ? Ano uttara e che ke sukAryonAM ke kukarmonAM phaLa maLe ja che-A janmamAM nahi to pachInA janmamAM. keTalAMka karmo A janmamAM phaLe che, keTalAMka pachInA janmamAM. paraMtu A mATe to punarjanma sAbita karavo joIe. punarjanma nIce pramANe sAbita thAya che. tAjA janmelA bALakane bhayaMkara padArthanA darzanathI bhaya ane trAsa thAya che. A bhaya ane trAsa duH khanI smRti thavAne pariNAme thAya che. te smRti saMskAra vinA to saMbhave nahi ane saMskAra pUrvAnubhava vinA bane nahi. ane tAjA janmelAmAM pUrve duHkhAnubhava thayo hovAno saMbhava nathI. tethI te pUrvajanmamAM thayelo hovo joIe. Ama tAjA janmelA bALakane bhayaMkara padArtha joI thato bhaya ane trAsa pUrvajanmane sAbita kare che. vaLI, keTalAkane pUrvajanmanuM smaraNa paNa A janmamAM thAya che. A smaraNane jAtismaraNa kahevAmAM Ave che. jAtismaraNa paNa pUrvajanmane siddha kare che. pUrvajanma siddha thatAM punarjanma paNa ApoApa siddha thaI jAya che. kareluM koI paNa karma phaLa ApyA vinA rahetuM nathI. karmano A aTala niyama janmajanmAntara sudhI vistare che. e ja niyama ApaNA bhUta, bhAvi ane vartamAnane samajAve che. Ama karma ane punarjanma e bene ekabIjAthI chUTA pADI zakAya ema nathI. RgvedamAM karma ane punarjanmano aNasAra RgvedamAM AvatI 10.16.3 RcA nodhapAtra che. temAM mRta manuSyanI cakSune sUrya pAse ane AtmAne vAyu pAse javAnuM kahyuM che. vaLI, temAM e AtmAne potAnA dharma (arthAt karma) anusAra pRthvImAM, svargamAM, pANImAM ke vanaspatimAM javAnuM kahevAmAM

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna 26 Avela che. Ama ahIM karma ane punarjanmano sauthI prAcIna aNasAra prApta thAya che. AtmA pANImAM ke vanaspatimAM paNa avatare che e hakIkatamAM jainonA akAya ane vanaspatikAya jIvanA svIkAranuM sUcana che. upaniSadomAM karma ane punarjanma 2 x kaThopaniSadamAM (1.1.5-6) naciketA jaNAve che ke jema anAjanA dANA pAke che ane nArA pAme che ane punaH utpanna thAya che tema manuSya paNa jIve che, mare che ane punaH janme che. bRhadAraNyaka 4.4.1-2mAM spaSTapaNe kahyuM che ke mRtyukALe AtmA cakSu, mUrdhA ke anya zarIradezamAMthI utkramaNa kare che; te AtmAne tenAM vidyA, karma ane pUrvaprajJA anusare che. te ja upaniSadamAM 4.4.3mAM kahyuM che ke jema tRNajalAyukA mULa tRNanA aMte jaI anya tRNane pakaDI lIdhA pachI mULa tRNane choDI de che tema AtmA vartamAna zarIramAM aMte pahoMcyA pachI anya AdhArane (zarIrane) paDI temAM jAya che. ThopaniSada 2.2.6-7 kahe che ke AtmAo potAnAM karma ane zruta anusAra bhinna bhinna yoniomAM janme che. bRhadAraNyaka 4.4.5 karmano saralatama chatAM sArabhUta upadeza Ape che ke AtmA jevuM karma kare che, jevuM AcaraNa kare che tevo te bane che. satkarma kare che to sAro bane che, pApa karma kare che to pApI bane che, puNya karma kare che to puNyazALI bane che. manuSya jevI icchA kare che te anusAra teno saMpa thAya che, jevo saMkalpa kare che te anusAra tenuM karma thAya che ane jevuM karma kare che te anusAra te bane che.* chAMdogya pR. 10.7 kahe che ke jenuM AcaraNa ramaNIya che te zubha yonimAM janme che ane jenuM AcaraNa duSTa che te kUtaro, sUkara, cAMDAla jevI azubha yonimAM janme che." kauSItakI upaniSada 1.2 jaNAve che ke potAnAM karma ane vidyA pramANe AtmA kITa, pataMga, 5 matsya, pakSI, vAgha, siMha, sarpa, mAnava ke anya koI prANI tarIke janme che. gItAmAM karma ane punarjanma pUrvajanma ane punarjanma che ja e hakIkata gItA bhArapUrvaka jaNAve che. janmelAnuM mRtyu thAya che ja ane marelAno janma paNa thAya che ja (2.27). AtmA nitya che paNa enAM zarIro nArAvaMta che (2.18).1deg jema manuSya jUnAM vastro tyajI navAM vastro dhAraNa kare che tema AtmA jUnAM zarIro tyajI navAM zarIro dhAraNa kare che (2.22) 11. kRSNa kahe che, "he arjuna ! mArA ane tArA ghaNA janmo vItI gayA che.' (4.5)kha koI paNa manuSya karma karyA vinA kSaNamAtra paNa rahI zakato nathI (3.5).13 karma na karavAthI to zarIranirvAha paNa nahi thAya (3.8).14 karma baMdhanakAraka nathI ? nA, karma svayaM baMdhanakAraka nathI paNa karmaphalanI Asakti ja baMdhanakAraka che. karmaphaLanI icchA na rAkhanArA jJAnIo janmarUpa baMdhanathI mukta thAya che. (2.51).` tethI gItA phaLanI Asakti choDI, siddhi-asiddhimAM samabhAva dharI karma karavAno Adeza Ape che ja EUR

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karma ane punarjanma (2.48). karmano AraMbha na karavAthI manuSya niSkarmatA pAmato nathI ane karmano tyAgamAtra karavAthI te siddhi pAmato nathI (3.4). karmano anAraMbha ke tyAga nathI karavAno paNa Asaktino tyAga karavAno che. te Asaktino tyAga je kare che te niSkarmatA ane siddhi pAme che. karmaphaLanI Asakti tyajI manuSya karmamAM pravRtta rahe to paNa te kaMI karma karato nathI (4. 20). je dveSa karato nathI ke kaMI Icchato nathI tene sadA karmasaMnyAsI (karmacAgI) jANavo (5.3). kRNa potAne vize kahe che ke, "mane karmo lepatAM nathI kAraNa ke mane karmaphaLamAM spRhA nathI" (4.14). vivekazAnarUpa agni karmaphaLanI spRhAne - Asaktine bALI nAkhe che eTale tene karmane bALIne bhasma karanAra gayo che (4.37)." karma karavAmAM ja manuSyano adhikAra che. arthAt, karma karavAmAM manuSya svataMtra che. kevuM karma karavuM ane te kevI rIte karavuM temAM te svataMtra che (2.47).12 paraMtu phaLanI bAbatamAM teno adhikAra nathI arthAt te parataMtra che. karma kyuM eTale tenuM mukarara phaLa maLavAnuM ja, e bhogavye ja chUTako, emAM tamAruM kaMI na cAle (2.47). karma karatI vakhate karmanA phaLane ja najaramAM rAkhI karma na karavuM joIe paNa phaLanI kAmanA - tenI saphaLatA-niSphaLatAno vicAra - karyA vinA karmane ja kuzaLatAthI karavuM joIe (2.47). taddana karma na karavAmAM - ALasamAM saMga na rAkhavo joIe. karma paNa nathI karavuM ane phaLa paNa nathI joItuM ema vicArI ALasamAM akarmaNya thaI rahevuM tenA jevuM bhUMDuM bIju kaMI nathI (2.47). "tAre phaLa na joItuM hoya to paNa karma kara. parArthe karma kara, lokasaMgraha mATe karma kara (3.13, 3.20)." tyAM paNa phaLanI Asakti na rAkhavI joIe. gItAe karmonA traNa vibhAga pADyA che - karma, akarma ane vikarma (4.17). " karma eTale phaLanI icchAthI karavAmAM AvatuM satkarma. akarma eTale phaLanI icchA vinA karavAmAM AvatuM satkarma. phaLanI IcchAthI rAgadveSapUrvaka karavAmAM AvatuM duSTa karma vikarma che. karma e puNyakarma che, vikarma e pApakarma che ane akarma e puNyakarma paNa nathI ke pApakarma paNa nathI. akarmamAM kriyA (karma) karavAmAM AvatI hovA chatAM kartApaNAnuM abhimAna, rAgadveSa, phalAsakti na hovAthI te akarma banI jAya che. tethI akarma baMdhanakAraka nathI. karma ane vikarma banne anukrame sonAnI beDI ane lokhaMDanI beDI sama che, banne baMdhanakAraka che. karmano niyama bIjA koInA hastakSepa vinA svAbhAvikapaNe ja kArya kare che. Izvara paNa temAM koI hastakSepa karato nathI. Izvara koInI pAse baLajabarIthI karma karAvato nathI, te karmone utpanna karato nathI, te karmane phaLa sAthe joDato nathI ke te karmaphaLane karma karanAra sAthe joDato nathI. vaLI, Izvara koInuM pApa ke puNya leto nathI. ajJAnaprasUta mohane kAraNe loko tene tevo mAne che. (5.14-15).8

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna - bauddha dharmadarzanamAM karma ane punarjanma karmasiddhAnta bhagavAna buddhanA naitika AdarzavAdanI AdhArazilA che. pratItyasamutpAdanuM cakra karmanA niyamane AdhAre ja cAle che. dvAdazAMga bhavacakanI dharI * karmasiddhAnta che. karma ane phaLanA pArasparika saMbaMdhane lIdhe bhavacakra pharyA kare che. 29 punarjanmane svIkAryA vinA cAle nahi. je karmonuM phaLa A janmamAM nathI maLatuM temanuM phaLa pachInA janmomAM maLe che. bodhi prAptaryA pachI buddhane potAnA pUrvajanmonuM smaraNa thayuM hatuM. vaLI, potapotAnAM karmathI prerita prANIone vividha yoniomAM jatAM-AvatAM temaNe pratyakSa joyAM hatAM. amuka prANI tenA karma anusAra kaI yonimAM janmaze enuM jJAna temane hatuM. Ama karmAnusArakone kyo punarjanma prApta thaze enuM jJAna emane mATe svasaMvedya anubhava hato. (juo majhimanikAyanAtevipUjavacchagottasuttatathAbodhirAjakumArasutta, ane aMguttaranikAyanuM veraMjanabrAhmaNasutta). mahAtmA buddhane eka vakhata cAlatAM cAlatAM pagamAM kAMTo vAgyo, tyAre temaNe bhikSuone kahyuM, "he bhikSuo! AbhavathI ekANumA bhavamAM meM eka puruSane zaktithI haNyo hato. ekarmanA vipAke mAro paga vIMdhAyo. bhagavAna buddhanA ziSya-ziSyAone paNa potAnA pUrvajanmonuM jJAna hatuM. bhikSuNI RSidAsIe gherIgAthAmAM (gAthA 400447) potAnA pUrvajanmonuM mArmika varNana karyuM che. jagatamAM manuSyo buddhimAna-maMdabuddhi, garIba-tavaMgara, alpAyu-dIrdhAyu jaNAya che. karmane svIkAryA vinA A viSamatAno khulAso thaI zakato nathI." karma ja prANIone hIna yA uttama banAve che. jevuM karma tevuM phaLa. je manuSya hiMsA kare che, krodha kare che, irSyA kare che, lobha kare che, abhimAna kare che te vartamAna zarIra choDI maryA pachI durgatimAM paDe che ane jo manuSyayonimAM janme che to hIna, daridra ane buddhihIna bane che. je manuSya zubha karma kare che tenI sugati thAya che ane jo manuSyonimAM janme che to uttama, samRddha ane prajJAvAna thAya che. (juo majUjhimanikAyanAM cUlakammavibhaMgasutta, mahAkammavibhaMgasutta, sAleyasutta tathA veraMjakasutta). sArAMza e ke vizvanI vyAvasthAmAM karma ja pradhAna che. satkarmone kulakarmo kahe che, kAraNake emanuM phaLa kurAla (sAruM) che. kulakarmo kAM to thoDA vakhata mATe du:khathI bacAve che kAM to haMmeza mATe. prathama prakAranAM kuzala karmone sAsava kuzala karmo kahevAmAM Ave che ane bIjA prakAranAM kuzala mene nirAsavakuzala karmo kahevAmAM Ave che. pApakarmo akuzala che, kAraNa ke temanuM phaLa aniSTa yAduHkha che. sAcava kurAla karmanuM phaLa sukha, abhyadaya ane sugati che. nirAsrava kuzala karmanuM phaLa ja nathI, te vipAkarahita che, duHkhanI AtyaMtika nivRttine utpanna kare che, A duHkhanivRttine ja nirvANa kahe che, roganA abhAvanI jema nirvANa zAnta avasthA che. (juo bauddhadharmadarzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR. 257-158). gItAnI paribhASAmAM kahevuM hoya to kahI zakIe ke sAcava kuzala karmo karma che, nirAsrava kuzala karmo akarma che ane akuzala karmo vikarma che. \/WW.jainelibrary.org

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karma ane punarjanma abhidharmakoza 4.59mAM karmanA cAra prakAro gaNAvyA che- kRSNa, zukla, zuklakRSNa ane azuklaakRSNa.' kRSNa karmo akuzala karyo che, zukala karmo sAsrava kuzala karyo che ane azuklAkRSNa karmo nirAsrava kuzala karyo che. bIjI rIte karmanA traNa prakAra che - mAnasa, vAcika ane kAyika. A traNamAM mAnasa karma pradhAna che kAraNa ke bAkInAM badhAM karmonuM kAraNa mAnasa karma che. tethI bhagavAne karmane vastuta: cetanAmaya kahyAM che. kAyika ke vAcika karma kuzala che ke akuzala e nakkI karavAnI kasoTI mAnasa karma (Azaya) che. dAkatara tIkSNa dhAravALA sAdhanathI daradInuM peTa cIrI nAkhe che ane eka maNasa potAnA duzmananA peTamAM charo hulAvI de che. bAhya dRSTie banne kAyika karma eka sarakhAM che. paraMtu kAyika karmonAM kAraNarUpa ArAyo (mAnasa karyo) judAM che. ekanuM mAnasa karma daradIne rogamukta karavAnI bhAvanArUpa che ane bIjAnuM mAnasa karma vairabhAvanA rUpa che. tethI dAtaranuM kAyika karma kuzala che, jyAre pelA mANasanuM kAyika karma akuzala che. (juo bauddhadharmadarzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR. 224-225, 256257; dhammapada 1.1). 33 29 ApaNe je pravRtti karIe chIe te karma kahevAya che ane tene pariNAme je saMskAra (vAsanA) cittamAM paDe che te paNa karma kahevAya che. A vAsanArUpa karma punarjanmanuM kAraNa che. karmanA bIjI eka daSTie be varga pADavAmAM AvyA che - kRta ane upacita. je karma karAI gayuM hoya te karma kRta kahevAya che. je kRta karma phaLa ApavA lAge te upacita karma kahevAya che. badhAM ja kRta karmo phaLa ApatAM nathI. je karmo IrAThApUrvaka svecchAe karyAM hoya che te ja phaLa Ape che. IrAdApUrvaka pApakarma karyA pachI jo anutApa thAya to kRta karma potAnuM phaLa ApatAM nathI. pApanI kabUlAta karavAthI pApanI mAtrA ghaTe che yA pApano kSaya thAya che. pApaviratinuM vrata levAthI, zubhano abhyAsa karavAthI, buddha vagere saMtone zaraNe javAthI kRta pApakarma upacita thatAM nathI arthAt potAnAM phaLa ApatAM nathI. keTalAMka kRta karmo potAnAM phaLa avazya Ape che. A kRta karmo niyatavipAkI kahevAya che. keTalAMka kRta karmo potAnAM phaLa Apaze ja evuM nakkI nathI arthAt aniyatavipAkI che.A aniyatavipAkI dhRta karmone manuSya svaprayatnathI phaLa ApatAM rokI zake che. (juo abhidharmakoza 4.120 tathA bauddhadharmadarzana, pR. 250) vaLI, karmanA be vibhAga pADavAmAM Ave che - niyata pharma ane aniyata karma, niyata karmanA traNa bheTha che : (1) dRSTadharmavedanIya arthAt vartamAna janmamAM ja phaLa Ape che te karma. A karma durbaLa che. A karma punarjanmamAM kAraNabhUta nathI. (2) upavadyavedanIya arthAt tarata pachInA janmamAM je phaLa Apa che te karma. Ane Anantarya karma paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. (3) aparaparyAyavedanIya arthAt je bIjA janma pachI game tyAre phaLa Ape che te karma. aniyata karmanA paNa be bheda che - (1) niyatavipAka arthAt je karmano

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna vipAkakALa aniyata che paraMtu vipAka niyata che te karma. je karma potAnuM cokkasa phaLa ApavAnuM ja che paraMtu jyAre te potAnuM phaLa Apaze e niyata nathI te karma. (2) aniyatavipAka arthAt je karma potAnuM phaLa Apaze ja evuM niyata nathI te karma. A karmanA phaLanuM ullaMghana thaI zake che. (juo bauddhadharmadarzana, narendradeva, pR. 267 tathA abhidharmakozabhASya 4.pa0) - bIjanI jema karma potAnA sAmarthyathI ja potAnuM phaLa utpanna kare che. paraMtu bauddha dharma amuka karmonAM phaLanuM ullaMghana zakya che ema svIkAre che. bauddha dharma anusAra karmanI puNyatA-apuNyatAno AdhAra Azaya upara che. karmanA phaLanI kaTutA-mAdhuratAnI mAtrAno AdhAra aneka bAbato para AdhAra rAkhe che. karma potAnuM phaLa kevI rIte Ape che ane te phaLanAM nirNAyaka baLo kyAM che te jANavuM muzkela che. karmavipAka kurviya che. jyAre kALa pAke che ane kAraNasAmagrI upasthita hoya che tyAre karmano vipAka thAya che. karma bIjatulya che. te potAnI jAti pramANe, vahelA ke moDA, alpa yA mahAna phaLa Ape che. IzvaravAdI kahe che ke bIjane phaLadrupa jamInamAM vAvyuM hoya paraMtu varSA vinA temAMthI aMkura phuTatuM nathI; jemavarSAnA sAmarthyathI bIjamAMthI aMkura phuTe che tema IzvaranA sAmarthyathI karmamAMthI tenuM phaLa janme che, karmane vipAkapradhAnanuM sAmarthya Izvara Ape che. bauddho Ano pratiSedha kare che. teo kahe che ke tRSNAthI prerAIne karelAM karmamAM vipAkapradAnanuM sAmarthya hoya che, tRSNA ja karmane vipAkapradAnanuM sAmarthya Ape che. je tRSNArahita banI karma kare che te karmathI lipta thato nathI, tene karmonAM phaLa bhogavavA paDatAM nathI. (juo bauddhadharmadarzana, narendradeva, pR. 272-273) bauddha dharma aparivartiSNu nitya AtmAnena mAnato hovA chatAM karma ane punarjanmane mAne che. tenA anusAra je cittasaMtAna karma kare che te cittasaMtAna ja tenuM phaLa bhogave che. ane teno ja punarjanma thAya che. (juo tattvasaMgrahagata karmaphalasaMbaMdha parIkSA.) IzvaravAdI darzanomAM je sthAna IzvaranuM che te sthAna bauddha dharmamAM karmanuM che. potAnAM karmane anurUpa sukha-duHkha prANI bhogave che. je jevuM kare che te tevuM pAme che. koI koIne sukha ke duHkha detuM nathI. Ama karmasiddhAnta dveSano nArAka che ane puruSArtha tema ja svataMtra saMkalpazaktino poSaka che. karmanuM phaLa bhogavatI vakhate samatA dhAraNa karavI ke vikSita thavuM e bAbate paNa manuSya svataMtra che. zubha saMkalpa karavA ke azubha e bAbate paNa manuSya svataMtra che. manuSya atyAre jevo che tenI saMpUrNa javAbadArI tenI potAnI che ane bhaviSyamAM te jevo thavA icche te thavAno saMpUrNa AdhAra paNa tenA upara che. prANIonA karmothI jaMgatanI jaDa vastuomAM paNa anurUpa parivartana thAya che, kAraNa ke te jaDa jagata prANIonA bhogano viSaya che. prANIonAM karmono prabhAva prANIonA bhogya jaDa jagata para paNa avazya paDe che. prANIonAM pApakarmothI

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31 , karma ane punarjanma auSadhi, bhUmi, vagere alpavIrya banI jAya che, Rtuo viSama bane che, ityAdi (juo bauddhadharmadarzana, narendradeva, pR. 264) pAtaMjala yogadarzanamAM karma ane punarjanma yogadarzana punarjanma svIkAre che. navajAta zizune bhayaMkara padArthane joI thatA bhaya ane trAsa uparathI anumAna dvArA yogabhASkAra vyAsa (4.10 ane 2.9) pUrvajanmane siddha kare che. vaLI, saMskAromAM saMyama ( =dhAraNA, dhyAna ane samAdhi) karavAthI pUrvajanmanuM jJAna thAya che ema sUtrakara pataMjalie sUtra 3.18mAM jaNAvyuM che." Ama pUrvajanma siddha thatAM punarjanma paNa siddha thAya che. jIva je pravRtti kare che tenA saMskAra cittamAM paDe che. Ane karmasaMskAra, karbhAzaya ke mAtra karma kahevAmAM Ave che. A karmo prAkRtika che. te cAra prakAranAM che-kRSNa, zuklakRSNa, zukla ane azuklAkRSNa. durjanonAM karmo kRSNa hoya che kAraNa ke teo kALAM kAmonA karanArA che. sAmAnya janonAM karmo zuklakRSNa hoya che, kAraNa ke teo parapIDArUpa kALAM ane paropakArarUpa dhoLAM kAmonA karanArA hoya che. yajJayAgarUpa bAhya sAdhanonA anuSThAnathI UpajatAM karmoya zuklakRSNa hoya che kAraNa ke A bAhya sAdhananA anuSThAnamAM parapIDA anivAryapaNe rahelI hoya che. tapa, svAdhyAya ane dhyAnarUpa AMtara sAdhanonA anuSThAnathI UpajatAM karmo zukla hoya che, kAraNa ke A AMtara sAdhanonA anuSThAnamAM parapIDA hotI nathI. jemanA rAga Adi klezo kSINa thaI gayA hoya che te caramadeha vivekI puruSanAM karmo azukla-akRSNa hoya che. A vivekI puruSa paropakArarUpa zubha pravRtti karatA hovA chatAM temanAM karmo zukla nathI hotAM kAraNa ke temanI pravRtti niSkAma hoya che. temanAM karmone tethI azukla gaNyAM che. vaLI, teo parapIDArUpa kALI pravRtti paNa karatA nathI. bAhya daSTie temanI pravRtti parapIDAjanaka jaNAya to paNa temano tenI pAchaLano Azaya to paropakArano ane parakalyANano ja hoya che eTale temanAM te karmo kRSNa nahi paNa akRSNa gaNAya. Ama temanAM karmo azuklAkRSNa ja hoya che. vivekI puruSa sivAyanA puruSamAM prathama traNeya prakAranAM karmo saMbhave che. A badhuM vivecana yogabhASya 4.7mAM che. vaLI yogabhASkAra jaNAve che ke keTalIka vAra kRSNa karmono nAza zukla karmothI thaI zake che. (2.13).1 klezapUrvaka pravRtti karIe to ja karmasaMskAro cittamAM paDe che. jo pravRtti klezarahita hoya to karmasaMskAro cittamAM paDatA nathI. Ama kleza ja karmabaMdhanuM kAraNa che.. karmasaMskAro lezamUlaka che (2.12). karmasaMskAro arthAt karmo puNyarUpa ane pAparUpa ema be prakAranA hoya che. puNyarUpa karmo ane pAparUpa karmo baMneya lezamUlaka che. dAkhalA tarIke, rAga klezane laIe. svarga, vagere pratyenA rAgathI prerAI ApaNe dharmarUpa pravRtti karIe chIe ane

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32 bhAratIya tattvajJAna pariNAme puNyarUpa karma bAMdhIe chIe. dhana, vagere pratyenA rAgathI prerAI ApaNe corI vagere duSkRtyo AcarIe chIe ane pariNAme pAparUpa karmo bAMdhIe chIe (yogabhASya 2.12)." karmono bIjI rIte paNa vibhAga thAya che. A rIte vibhAga karatAM karmo be vargomAM vaheMcAI jAya che - daSTajanmavedanIya karmo ane adaSTajanmavedanIya karyo. je karmo potAnuM phaLa vartamAna janmamAM ja ApI che te karmo daSTajanmavedanIya kahevAya. je karmo potAnuM phaLa bhAvi janmomAM Ape te karmo adaSTajanmavedanIya kahevAya. nArakone daSTajanmavedanIya karmo hotAM nathI. kSINaklezavALAne adaSTajanmavedanIya karmo hotAM nathI, kAraNa ke tene punarbhava saMbhavato nathI (yogabhASya 2.12). yogasUtra 2.13 anusAra kama traNa jAtanAM phaLo Ape che - jAti (janma), Ayu ane bhoga (sukha-duHkhavedana). Ane bIjI rIte kahevuM hoya to ema kahI zakAya ke keTalAMka karmo jAtirUpa phaLa Ape che, keTalAMka karmo AyurUpa phaLa Ape che ane keTalAMka kama bhogarUpa phaLa Ape che. Ama karmonA traNa prakAra thayA - jAtivipAkI karma, AyuvipAkI karma ane bhogavipAkI karma. 2.13 sUtra uparanA bhAgamAM vadhumAM jaNAvyuM che ke navo janma, tene anurUpa Ayu ane tene anurUpa bhoga A traNe vipAko ApanAra te te karmo mRtyuthI abhivyakta thAya che. arthAt je prakAranuM Ayu ane je prakArano bhoga amuka ja jAtimAM saMbhave bIjImAM nahi tevA Ayu ane tevA bhogane niyata karanAra karmo ja mRtyuthI abhivyakta thAya che, bIjAM nahi. jAtivipAkI karma adaSTajanmavedanIya ja hoya, jyAre AyuvipAkI ane bhogavipAkI karmo daSTajanmavedanIya ane adaSTajanmavedanIya ema baMne prakAranAM saMbhave. Ama adaSTajanmavedanIya karmo trivipAkI hoya che, jyAre daSTajanmavedanIya karmo ekavipAkI ke bevipAkI hoya che, ekavipAkI hoya tyAre mAtra bhogarUpa vipAkane ja Ape che ane dvivipAkI hoya tyAre bhogarU5 ane AyurUpa e be ja vipAkone Ape che. ja ' daSTajanmavedanIya kamane ekabhavika hovAno arthAt mRtyuthI abhivyakta thaI sAthe maLI eka bhavano (janma) AraMbha karanAra hovAno prazna ja upasthita nathI thato, kAraNa ke te daSTajanmavedanIya hoI vartamAna janmamAM ja potAnuM phaLa ApI nivRtta thAya che. paraMtu adaSTajanmavedanIya karmo badhAM ja ekabhAvika hoya che ke nahi te prazna Ubho thAya che. A praznane jarA vistArathI samajIe. je adaSTajanmavedanIya karmo che temAM ghaNAM jAtivipAkI, ghaNAM AyuvipAkI ane ghaNAM bhogavipAkI hovAnAM ja. AmAMthI keTalAMka jAtivipAkI, keTalAMka AyuvipADI ane keTalAMka bhogavipAkIe pUrvajanmamAM mRtyuthI abhivyakta thaI bhegAM maLI, vartamAna janmano AraMbha karyo che. have vartamAna janmamAM mRtyu vakhate abhivyakta thaI bhegAM maLI bIjAM keTalAMka jAtivipAkI, AyuvipAkI ane bhogavipAkI

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karma ane punarjanma karmo pachInA janmane AraMbhaze ane Ama A ja krame zuM badhAM ja adaSTajanmavedanIya karmo ekabhAvika ja banaze? A praznano uttara yogabhASya 2.13mAM che. te A pramANe che. adaSTajanmavedanIya karmo be prakAranAM hoya che - niyatavipAkI ane aniyatavipAkI. AmAMthI je niyatavipAkI che te eksavika che, jyAre je aniyatavipAkI che te ekabhavika nathI ja. adaSTajanmavedanIya aniyatavipAkI karmonI bAbatamAM traNa vikalpo saMbhave che - (1) apakva dazAmAM ja temanAM virodhIthI nAza, (2) pradhAna karmamAM AvA pagamana ane (3) niyatavipAkavALA pradhAna karmathI abhibhava pAmI cittamAM lAMbA samaya sudhI paDI rahevuM. have A traNa vikalpone jarA vistArathI samajIe. keTalAMka adaSTajanmavedanIya aniyatavipAkI karmono temanAM virodhI karmothI nAza thAya che. dAkhalA tarIke, kRSNa karmono nAza zukla karmothI thAya che. keTalAMka adaSTajanmavedanIya aniyatavipAkI karmonuM pradhAna karma potAnuM phaLa Ape che tyAre ja te pradhAna karmanAM aMgabhUta karmo phaLa Ape che, te pahelAM ke te pachI nahi. keTalAMka adaSTajanmavedanIya aniyatavipAkI karmo asamAna yA virodhI karmo vaDe abhibhUta thaIne mAtra bIjabhAve svataMtrapaNe lAMbA vakhata sudhI cittamAM paDI rahe che ane jyAre temanAM samAna yA avirodhI karmo baLavAna bane che tyAre temanAthI teo abhivyakta thaI potapotAnuM phaLa ApavA lAge che. A abhibhavane pAmelAM karmone abhivyakta karI vipAkonmukha banAvanAra nimittarUpa avirodhI karmo kyAM che eno nizcaya karavo kaThina che. sUtrakAra sUtra 3.22mAM jaNAve che ke karmo be prakAranAM che-sopakrama ane nirupakrama" bhASyakAra spaSTatA kare che ke sUtrakAra ahIM mAtra AyukarmanI vAta kare che. eTale Ayukarma be prakAranAM che- sopakrama ane nirupama. vaLI bhASyakAra spaSTatA kare che ke badhAM Ayukarma nahi paraMtu adaSTajanmavedanIya niyatavipAkI ekabhAvika Ayukarmo ja be prakAranAM hoya che. sopakrama eTale eka vAra phaLa ApavAnuM zarU karyuM eTale jhaDapathI phaLa ApI nivRtta thanAra. nirupama eTale phaLa ApavAnuM zarU karyA pachI dhIme dhIme potAnuM phaLa ApI nivRtta thanAra. anubhavajanya saMskAra vAsanA che ane pravRttijanya karmasaMskAra karma che. vAsanA smRti janmAve che. karma (klezayukta hoya to) jAti, Ayu ane bhogarUpa vipAka janmAve che. yogasUtra 4.8 kahe che ke vAsanA vipAkane anurUpa ja jAge che." A vastune vistArathI samajIe. jIva amuka jAtivipAkI karmane pariNAme amuka jAtimAM janme che. udAharaNArthe, eka evuM jAtivipAkI karma che jene pariNAme jIva vartamAna janmamAM kUtaro bane che. jyAre jIva kUtaro bane che tyAre kUtarAjAtine anurUpa bhogavipAkI karmo vipAkonmukha banyAM hoI te kUtarArUpe janmelo jIva kUtarAjAtine anurUpa bhoga bhogave che. te hADakAM cATe che ne karaDe che, te viSTA khAya che, vagere. A badhuM te karavA mAMDe che kAraNake te jAtimAM janmelA jIvane tema karavAmAM sukha thAya che. paraMtu te

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna 34 kUtarArUpe janmelo jIva prathama vAra hADakuM cATavA-karaDavA jAya tyAre tene te jJAna hovuM joIe ke tema karavAthI tene sukha thaze. AvuM jJAna tene to ja saMbhave jo teNe pahelAM hADakuM cADyuM-karaDyuM hoya ane tethI tene sukhAnubhava thayo hoya. hakIkatamAM, A pahelAM te anaMta vAra kUtarArUpe janmI cUkelo che ne tene evo anubhava thaI cUkelo che. e anubhavanA saMskAro cittamAM paDelA hatA. e saMskAro kUtarAjAtimAM janma karAvanAra jAtivipAkI karmoe jevuM potAnuM phaLa ApavA mAMDyuM tevA ja te jAgRta thaI gayA. te saMskAro jAgRta thavAthI tene smRti thaI ke hADakuM cATavA-karaDavAthI sukha thAya che ane te hADakuM cATavAkaraDavA lAgI sukha bhogavavA lAgyo. jyAre ApaNe pravRtti karIe chIe tyAre karmasaMskAro cittamAM paDe che ane pravRttikALe thayela anubhavanA saMskAro paNa te ja vakhate paDe che. Ama a-pravRtti a-karmasaMskArone ane a-anubhavasaMskArone eka sAthe cittamAM pADe che. eTale a-karmasaMskAro jyAre vipAkonmukha bane che tyAre potAnI sAthe a-anubhavanA saMskArone paNa jagADe che - bIjA anubhavasaMskArone jagADatA nathI. nyAya-vairoSika darzanamAM karma ane punarjanma nyAya-vaizeSika dArzaniko AtmAne nitya gaNe che. nityano artha che anAdi-anaMta. Ano artha e ke AtmA vartamAna dehanI utpatti pahelAM ane tenA pAta pachI paNa astitva dharAve che. bIjA zabdomAM, pUrvajanma ane punarjanma banne che. pUrvajanma puravAra thatAM punarjanma puravAra thaI ja jAya che, eTale nyAya-vaizeSiko pUrvajanmane cIvaTapUrvaka puravAra kare che, temanI mukhya dalIlo nIce pramANe che : navajAta zizunA mukha para hAsya dekhI tene thayela harSanuM anumAna thAya che. iSTa viSayanI prApti thatAM je sukha janme che tene harSa kahevAmAM Ave che. viSayane ApaNe iSTa tyAre ja gaNIe chIe jyAre ApaNane smaraNa thAya ke tajjAtIya viSaye pahelAM ApaNane sukhAnubhava karAvelo. Ama vartamAna viSaya iSTa che evuM bhAna to ja zakya bane jo tajjAtIya viSayano pUrvAnubhava thayo hoya, te anubhavanA saMskAro paDyA hoya, te saMskAro vartamAna viSaya upasthita thatAM jAgRta thayA hoya ane pariNAme smaraNajJAna thayuM hoya ke vartamAna viSayanI jAtinA viSaye mane pahelAM sukhakara anubhava karAvelo. navajAta zizu amuka viSayane iSTa kevI rIte gaNI zake ? A janmamAM tajjAtIya viSayano pahelAM ene kadI anubhava thayo na hoI, te anubhavanA tevA saMskAro paDyA nathI; tethI tevA prakAranI smRti janmI zake nahi. eTale tajjAtIya viSayano anubhava pUrvajanmamAM tene thayelo ane te anubhavanA je saMskAra pUrvajanmamAM paDelA te A janmamAM zizunA AtmAmAM che ema svIkAravuM paDe che. A rIte pUrvajanma siddha thAya che. (juo nyAyasUtra 3.1.19).1 jo janmapravAha anAdi hoya to jIve anaMta vAra manuSya, baLada, vAnara ane kUtarArUpe janma dhAraNa karyo hovo joIe ane te badhA janmonA saMskAra paNa tenAmAM hovA joIe.

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karma ane punarjanma 35 to pachI tene te badhA saMskAro vartamAna eka janmamAM jAgavA joIe ane pariNAme tene eka janmamAM anna tarapha, ghAsa tarapha, lImaDA tarapha ane hADakA tarapha paNa rAga thavo joIe. paraMtu evuM to che nahi. AnA uttaramAM nyAya-vaizeSika jaNAve che ke jIva potAnA pUrva karma anusAra jyAre navo deha dhAraNa kare che tyAre te dehane utpanna karanAra karmono vipAka thayo hoya che ane A dehotpAdaka karmonA vipAkanI sAthe te dehane anurUpa karmo ja vipAkonmukha bane che - arthAt te dehane anurUpa saMskAro ja jAgRta thAya che - jyAre bAkInAM abhibhUta ja rahe che. koI mAnavano AtmA mAnavajanma pachI nija karma anusAra jo vAnara janma prApta kare to anaMta pUrvajanmomAMthI pUrvakAlIna vAnarajanmomAM prApta karelA saMskAro ja jAgrata thAya che. tethI te vakhate tene mAnavocita rAga janmato nathI. Ama kevaLa jAti ja rAganuM kAraNa nathI. rAganuM kAraNa pUrvasaMskAro che ane te saMskAronI jAgRtinuM eka niyAmaka kAraNa jAti che. eTale ja kaNAde kahyuM che ke amuka prakAranI jAti (janma yA deha) amuka prakAranA rAga utpanna kare che. (vaizeSika sUtra 6.2.13)para jIvomAM judI judI jAtanAM zarIro, judI judI jAtanI zaktio ane judI judI jAtanA svabhAvo ApaNane jaNAya che. A vaicitryanuM kAraNa temaNe pUrvajanmomAM karelAM judI judI jAtanAM karmo che. Ama pUrvajanmonAM vicitrakane mAnyA vinA jIvo vacce je bheda jaNAya che teno khulAso thaI zakto nathI. eka ja mAbApanA samAna paristhitimAM ucharelA joDiyA bALakomAM jaNAtA bhedano khulAso pUrvajanmamAM karelAM karmo ane tenI asaro mAnyA vinA thaI zake nahi. (nyAyasUtra 3.2.60).12 jo pUrvajanma hoya to pUrvajanmAnubhUta koI koI viSayanuM ja smaraNa kema thAya che? pUrvajanmAnubhUta badhA viSayonuM smaraNa kema thatuM nathI? pUrvajanmamAM huM koNa hato, kyAM hato, kevo hato, vagerenuM smaraNa kema thatuM nathI? AnA uttaramAM nyAyavaizeSika ciMtako jaNAve che ke Atmagata je pUrvasaMskAro A janmamAM ubuddha thAya che te saMskAro ja skRtine utpanna kare che. uddabuddha saMskAro ja smRtinuM kAraNa che. je saMskAro abhibhUta rahe che te smRti janmAvatA nathI. saMskAra hoya eTale smRti thAya ja evuM nathI. smRti thavA mATe pUrve saMskAranI jAgRti thavI Avazyaka che. A janmamAM je vastuo bALapaNamAM anubhavI hoya che te badhInuM smaraNa zuM ApaNane vRddhAvasthAmAM thAya che? nA, bALapaNamAM anubhavela viSayonA saMskAra vRddhAvasthAmAM hoya che paNa te badhA jAgRta thatA nathI. vaLI, ApaNe jANIe chIe ke duHkhane kAraNe keTalIka vyaktio paricita vyaktine paNa bhUlI jAya che kAraNa ke duHkhe te paricita vyaktinA paDela saMskArone abhibhUta karI dIdhA che. evI ja rIte, jIvanuM mRtyu thatAM te mRtyu tenA aneka sudaDha saMskArone abhibhUta kare che. paraMtu punarjanma yA dehAntaraprApti thatAM tenA aneka pUrvasaMskAro jAgrata thAya che. jeo saMskArone ubuddha kare che temane saMskAranA ubodhaka gaNavAmAM Ave che. A ubodhako

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bhAratIya tattavajJAna aneka jAtanA che ane teo khAsa prakAranA saMskArone ja jAgRta kare che. A uddabodhakomAM eka ubodhaka jAti (janma) che. je prakArano janma jIva prApta kare che tene anurUpa saMskArono uddabodhaka te janma (jAti) che. A vastu ApaNe joI gayA chIe. jAti uparAMta dharma paNa amuka prakAranA saMskArono uddabodhaka che. pUrvajanmanA jAtiviSayaka saMskArono uddabodhaka dharma che. ahIM e noMdhavuM rasaprada thaze ke manusmRtimAM manu pUrvajanmanA jAtiviSayaka saMskAronA uddabodhaka tarIke vedAbhyAsa, zauca, tapa ane ahiMsAne gaNAve che. tethI pUrvajanmanA jAtiviSayaka saMskAronuM uddabodhaka kAraNa je prApta kare che tene ja pUrvajanmamAM pote koNa hato, kevo hato, kyAM hato, vagerenuM smaraNa thAya che. pUrvajanmamAM pote koNa hato, kyAM hato, kevo hato, vagerenA smaraNane jAtismaraNa kahevAmAM Ave che. AvuM jAtismaraNazAna che ja, paraMtu te koIkane ja thAya che kAraNa ke tenA saMskArano ubodhaka dharma koIka ja pAme che. (nyAyabhAga 3.2.41).55 AtmAno pUrvajanma siddha thatAM teno punarjanma ApoApa siddha thaI jAya che. zarIranI utpatti sAthe AtmA utpanna thato nathI tema ja zarIranA nArA sAthe AtmA nAza pAmato nathI. AtmA to eka zarIrane choDI navuM zarIra dhAraNa kare che. pUrvazarIrano tyAga mRtyu che ane nUtana zarIranuM dhAraNa karavuM e janma che. jo zarIranA nArA sAthe AtmAno nAza ane nUtana zarIranI utpatti sAthe nUtana AtmAnI utpatti svIkAravAmAM Ave to kRtahAna ane akRtAbhyAgama doSo Ave. zarIranA nArA sAthe AtmAno nAza thaI jato hoya to teNe karelAM karmonuM phaLa tene bhogavavA nahi maLe. zarIranI utpatti sAthe AtmA paNa utpanna thato hoya to te je bhogavaze te tenAM potAnA karmanuM phaLa nahi gaNAya. Ama zarIranA nArA sAthe AtmAno uccheda ane zarIranI utpatti sAthe AtmAnI utpatti mAnatAM karmasiddhAMta ThAlo Thare ane sAdhanA phogaTa kare. A darzAve che ke pUrvajanmo ane punarjanmo che ja. (nyAyabhASya 4.1.10) janma kema thAya che ? arthAt dehotpattinuM kAraNa zuM che ? A praznanA uttaramAM nyAya-vaizeSika dArzaniko jaNAve che ke pUrva zarIramAM karelAM karmonuM phaLa dharmadharma - je AtmAmAM samavAyasaMbaMdhathI raheluM hoya che te - janmanuM kAraNa che, dehotpattinuM kAraNa che. dharmAdharmarUpa adaSTathI prerita bhUtomAMthI deha utpanna thAya che, bhUto svataH dehane utpanna karatA nathI. (nyAyasUtra 3.2.60) 0 ahIM bhautikavAdI kahI zake ke kevaLa pRthvI, jaLa vagere bhUtonA saMyogathI ja zarIra banI jAya che, to pachI zarIrotpattinA nimittakAraNa tarIke pUrvakarma mAnavAnI zI jarUra che? jema puruSArtha karI vyakti bhUtomAMthI ghaTa vagere banAve che tema puruSArtha karI strIpuruSanuM joDuM bhUtomAMthI dehane pedA kare che. strI-puruSanA yugalanA puruSArthathI zukra ane zoNitano saMyoga thAya che ane pariNAme temAMthI deha utpanna thAya che. eTale

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karma ane punarjanma dehotpattimAM pUrvakarmane nimittakAraNa mAnavAnI AvazyakatA ja kyAM rahe che ? karmanirapekSa bhUtomAMthI jema ghaTa vagere utpanna thAya che tema karmanirapekSa bhUtomAMthI deha utpanna thAya che. (nyAyasUtra 3.2.61 bhASyasahita). 58 nyAya-vaizeSika uttara Ape che ke 'ghaTa vagere karmanirapekSa utpanna thAya che' ema je bhautikavAdIe daSTAntarUpe kahyuM te sAbita thayelI vastu nathI, ane amane svIkArya paNa nathI. vaLI, ghaTa vagerenI utpattimAM bIja ane AhAra nimitta nathI jyAre dehanI utpattimAM te baMne nimitta che; eTale bhautikavAdIe ApeluM daSTAMta viSama hoI amane svIkArya nathI." uparAMta, zukra ane zoNitanA saMyogathI hamezAM zarIrotpatti (=garbhAdhAna) thatI nathI. A uparathI siddha thAya che ke zuzoNitasaMyoga zarIrotpattinuM ekamAtra nirapekSa kAraNa nathI. koI bIjI vastunI paNa emAM apekSA rahe che. te che pUrvakarma. pUrvakarma vinA zuzoNitasaMyoga zarIrotpattimAM samartha banato nathI. tethI, bhautika tattvone zarIrotpattinuM nirapekSa kAraNa na mAnatAM karmasApekSa kAraNa mAnavuM joIe. pUrvakarma anusAra ja zarIranI utpatti thAya che ane pUrvakarmane anurUpa zarIra sAthe ja AtmavizeSano saMyoga thAya che. jIvonAM zarIra ekasarakhAM nathI paNa aneka jAtanAM hoya che. zarIrabhedano khulAso karavA jIvanAM pUrvakarmo mAnavAM ja joIe. pUrvakarma na mAnavAthI amuka AtmAne amuka ja jAtanuM zarIra evI je vyavasthA che tenuM samAdhAna nahi thAya. pUrvakarmane mAnIe to ja A vyavasthAnuM samAdhAna thAya. eTale zarIrotpattimAM karmane nimittakAraNa mAnavuM joIe.' (nyAyasUtra 3.2. 62-67) 61. A badhI carcA uparathI phalita thAya che ke zarIranI utpatti ane nAza karma upara nirbhara che. vipAkonmukha karmonAM phaLa bhogavavA mATe anurUpa zarIra utpanna thAya che ane te phaLa bhogavAI jatAM te zarIra paDe che. 37 icchA-dveSapUrvaka karAtI kriyA (=pravRtti) potAnuM phaLa Ape che ja. icchAdveSapUrvaka karAtI bhalI kriyA dharma kahevAya che ane bUrI kriyA adharma kahevAya che. bhalI kriyAnuM phaLa sukha che ane bUrI kriyAnuM phaLa du: kha che. paraMtu kriyA to kSaNika che ane tenuM mULa to ghaNI vAra janmAntaramAM maLe che. kriyA kSaNika hoI nAza pAmI jAya che to te potAnuM phaLa janmAntaramAM kevI rIte ApI zake ? Ano ukela adaSTanI kalpAnAmAM che. kriyAne kAraNe AtmAmAM adaSTa janme che. te kriyA ane tenA phaLanI vacce kaDI samAna che. kriyAne laI janmeluM adaSTa AtmAmAM rahe che ane potAnuM phaLa sukha yA duHkha AtmAmAM janmAvIne te pUrepUruM bhogavAI jAya pachI ja nivRtta thAya che. bhalI pravRttine dharma kahevAmAM Ave che ane te pravRttijanya adaSTane paNa dharma kahevAmAM Ave che. tevI ja rIte, bUrI pravRttine adharma kahevAmAM Ave che ane te pravRttijanya adaSTane paNa adharma kahevAmAM Ave che. dharmarUpa adaSTa AtmAmAM sukha peThA kare che ane adharmarUpa adaSTa AtmAmAM duHkha peThA kare che.

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna kharekhara kriyAne (pravRttine) adRSTanuM kAraNa gaNavAmAM AvI nathI paraMtu icchAdveSane ja dharmAdharmarUpa adRSTanuM kAraNa gaNavAmAM AvyAM che. kriyA to zarIra ke mana kare che paNa adaSTa ane tenuM phaLa AtmAmAM utpanna thAya che, ema kema ? nyAya-nairoSika uttara Aparo ke dharma ke adharmarUpa adRSTanI utpattimAM ame kriyAne kAraNa gaNatA nathI paNa icchAdveSane kAraNa gaNIe chIe. icchAdveSanirapekSa kriyA adaSTotpAdaka nathI. adaSTanAM utpAdaka icchAdveSano Azraya AtmA che, icchAdveSajanya dharmAdharmarUpa adaSTa paNa AtmAmAM utpanna thAya che ane dharmAdharmarUpa adRSTanuM phaLa sukhaduHkha paNa AtmAmAM ja utpanna thAya che. vaLI, je AtmAmAM icchA-dveSa utpanna thAya che te ja AtmAmAM tajanya adRSTa utpanna thAya che ane te ja AtmAmAM te adRSTajanya sukha ke duHkha utpanna make thAya che. juo prazastapAThabhASya guNasAdharma prakaraNa. 3. 63 rAga Adi doSothI rahita pravRtti punarbhavanuM kAraNa nathI. doSarahita pravRtti karanArano punarbhava aTakI jAya che (nyAyasUtra 4.1.64). pravRtti doSarahita hovAthI navAM karmo ( baMdhAtAM nathI. tethI je rAga vagere doSothI mukta thaI gayo hoya che te viharato hovA chatAM mukta che-jIvanmukta che (nyAyabhASya 4.2.2).4 je rAga vagere doSothI mukta thayo hoya che teno punarbhava aTakI gayo hovA chatAM ane te navAM karmo bAMdhato na hovA chatAM tenAM pUrvakRta karmonAM badhAM phaLo bhogavAI na jAya tyAM sudhI tene chellA janmamAM jIvavAnuM hoya che." ananta janmomAM karelAM karmo eka janmamAM kevI rIte bhogavAI jAya evI zaMkA ahIM koIne thAya.' A zaMkAnuM samAdhAna nyAyavaizeSika ciMtako nIce pramANe kare che. eka, karmakSaya mATe ATalo vakhata joIe ja evo koI niyama nathI. bIjuM, pUrvanA ananta janmomAM jema karmono saMcaya thato rahyo hoya che tema bhogathI temano kSaya paNa thato rahyo hoya che.- trIjuM, potAnA chellA janmamAM te te karmano vipAka bhogavavA mATe jarUrI judAM judAM aneka zarIro yogaRddhinA baLe nirmANa karIne tema ja mukta AtmAoe choDI dIdhelAM manone grahaNa karIne jIvanmukta badhAM pUrvakRta karmonA vipAkane bhogavI le che.69 * gautamanA nyAyasUtramAM Izvara vize traNa sUtro che. A traNa sUtromAM puruSaSkarma ane tenA phaLanI bAbatamAM IzvaranuM zuM kArya che te darzAvyuM che. prathama be sUtromAM virodhIonA be mato ApI trIjA sUtramAM gautame potAno siddhAMta rajU karyo che. sUtra 4.1.19 jaNAve che ke puruSanAM karmonuM vaiphalya jaNAtuM hoI phaLanuM kAraNa Izvara che." A sUtra anusAra karmaphaLanuM kAraNa karma nathI paNa Izvara che. karma ane karmaphaLa vacce niyata saMbaMdha nathI. phaLa karma upara AdhAra rAkhatuM nathI paNa Izvara upara AdhAra rAkhe che. Ama mAnavuM joIe kAraNa ke ghaNI vAra karma karavA chatAM puruSane tenuM phaLa maLatuM dekhAtuM nathI.

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'karma ane punarjanma - sUtra 4.1.20 jaNAve che ke nA, Izvara phaLanuM kAraNa nathI kAraNa ke puruSa karma na kare to phaLa maLatuM nathI." A sUtra anusAra uparanA sUtramAM nirUpavAmAM Avelo siddhAMta khoTo che, kAraNa ke kharekhara karmaphaLanuM kAraNa karmanahi paNa Izvara hoya to karma na karavA chatAM ApaNane Icchita phaLa maLavuM joIe, paraMtu kyAMya karma karyA vinA phaLa maLatuM jaNAtuM nathI. - sUtra 4.1.21 jaNAve che ke karma (tema ja phaLa) IzvarakArita hovAthI uparanA beya siddhAMta tarkahIna che. A sUtramAM gautama potAno siddhAMta rajU kare che. te nIce pramANe che. uparanA banne siddhAMta khoTA che. eka karmaphaLanA niyata saMbaMdhane avagaNe che, bIjo Izvarane avagaNe che. kharekhara to karma ane phaLa vacce niyata saMbaMdha che ja. amuka karma karo eTale te potAnuM phaLa Ape che. kRta karmane phaLavA mATe IzvaranI jarUra nathI e vAta sAcI. paraMtu icchita phaLa meLavavA kyuM karma karavuM te jANavuM joIe. A jJAna laukika bAbatomAM to te te viSayanA jANakAra Ape che. paraMtu rAga Adi doSothI mukta thavA kaI kakSAe kevuM karma karavuM, zI sAdhanA karavI tenuM jJAna to rAga AdithI mukta thayela Izvara ja karAvI zake. Ama karma ane tenA phaLa vacce niyata saMbaMdha che, paraMtu te niyata saMbaMdhane jANavA IzvaranI ApaNane jarUra che. Izvara kevaLa upadeSTA, mArgadarzaka, karma-phaLanA niyata saMbaMdhanuM jJAna karAvanAra che. A arthamAM ja te karmakArayitA che. te baLajabarIthI koInI pAse karma karAvato nathI. vaidya kevaLadavA batAve che tema chatAM ApaNe kahIe chIe ke vaidya roga maTADyo. tevI ja rIte, Izvara paNa rAga Adi rogano IlAja batAve che tema chatAM ApaNe kahIe chIe ke Izvare e roga maTADyo-Izvare phaLa ApyuM-Izvare anugraha karyo. A arthamAM ja Izvara phaLakArayitA yA phaLasaMpAdayitA che. Ama saMbhava che ke gautamane mate doSamAMthI mukta thayelAne, jIvanmukta upadezAne Izvara -- gaNavAmAM Avela che ane te ja karmaphaLanA niyata saMbaMdhanuM jJAna jIvone karAve che. uttarakAlIna nyAya-vaizeSikoe sadAmukta sRSTikartA Izvarane svIkArela che. A Izvara jIvone temanAM karma anusAra phaLo Ape che. ethI enA IzvarapaNAne ke enI svAdhInatAne kaMI bAdha Avato nathI. UlaTuM, te tenuM IzvarapaNuM puravAra kare che. zeTha tenA sevakonI yogyatAne lakSamAM laI anurUpa phaLa Ape to zeTha zeTha maTI jato nathI. Izvara pratyeka jIvanI samakSa tenA karmane anurUpa bhogasAmagrI upasthita kare che, tenA karmanA vipAkakALe te karmanuM yogya phaLa utpanna karI jIva samakSa upasthita kare che. (kanDalI pR. 133). | mImAMsAdarzanamAM karma ane punarjanma mImAMsAdarzana paNa AtmAne nitya mAne che. eTale te paNa pUrvajanma ane punarjanmane svIkAre che. vedapratipAgha karma cAra prakAranAM che-(1) kAmya karma tene kahevAmAM Ave che je koI kAmanAvizeSanI siddhine mATe karavAmAM Ave che. (2) pratiSiddha karma te che je anarthotpAdaka hovAthI niSiddha che. (3) nitya karma te che je phalAkAMkSA vinA karavAmAM

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna * AvatuM karaNIya karma che, jema ke saMdhyAvaMdana Adi. ane (4) naimittika karma te che je avasaravizeSa para karavAmAM Ave che, jema ke zrAddha Adi karma. mImAMsA kAmya karmone tema ja niSiddha karmone ja du: khanuM ane karmabaMdhanuM kAraNa gaNe che. niSkAmabhAve karavAmAM AvatAM vedavihita nityanaimittika karmo du:khanuM ke karmabaMdhanuM kAraNa nathI. eTale duHkhamAMthI ane baMdhanamAMthI mukta thavA mATe kAmya karmone tema ja niSiddha karmone choDavAM joIe. yajJa Adi anuSThAna (karma) karatAM tarata ja phaLanI niSpatti thatI nathI, paraMtu kAlAntaramAM thAya che. have prazna e che ke karmanA abhAvamAM karma phalotpAdaka kevI rIte banI zake ? mImAMsakonuM kahevuM che ke apUrva dvArA. pratyeka karmamAM apUrvane (puNyApuNyane) utpanna karavAnI zakti hoya che. (tantravArtika pR. 395). karmathI utpanna thAya che apUrva ane apUrvathI utpanna thAya che phaLa. Ama apUrva ja karma ane karmaphaLane joDanAra kaDI che, eTale ja zaMkarAcArya apUrvane karmanI sUkSma uttarAvasthA ke phaLanI pUrvAvasthA mAne che (zAMkarabhASya 3.2.40). apUrvanI kalpanAne mImAMsakonI karmaviSayaka eka maulika kalpanA mAnavAmAM Ave che. 4 jainadarzanamAM karma ane punarjanma AcArAMga prathama zrutaskaMdhanA prathama uddezakanA 'appaNo asthittapada' nAmanA prathama padamAM AtmAnA pUrvajanmanuM jJAna jAtismaraNathI thAya che ema kahevAyuM che. vadhumAM tyAM jaNAvyuM che ke AtmA badhI dizAo ane anudizAomAM gati kare che. ahIM janmAntara mATe jatA jIvanI gatino nirdeza che. siddhAnta graMthomAM Ane aMtarAlagati kahevAmAM Avela che. Ama jainadarzana prAcIna kALathI pUrvajanma ane punarjanma mAne che. jainadarzana anusAra karmano eka artha che kriyA, pravRtti; bIjo artha che jIvanI pravRtti dvArA je sUkSma pudgalo (karmavargaNA) jIva tarapha AkarSAIne tene coTe che te pudgalone karma kahevAmAM Ave che. Ama karma paudgalika dravyarUpa che. pudgalano artha meTara (matter) che.5 karmo paudgalika yA bhautika hoya to tene raMgo hovA joIe. jema japAkusumano lAla raMga darpaNamAM pratiphalita thAya che tema karmapudgalonA raMgo potAnA sAnnidhyamAM rahelA AtmAmAM pratiphalita thAya che. Ama karmanI paudgaliktAne kAraNe AtmAnI lezyAonA raMganI jaina mAnyatA ghaTe che. AjIvino abhijAtiono siddhAMta paNa karmarajonuM raMgane AdhAre vargIkaraNa ja che. A kAraNe prophesara jhImara temanA 'phlosophijha opha inDiyA' (pR. 251)mAM jaNAve che ke karmonA raMgono siddhAMta jaina dharmanI ja khAsa viroSatA nathI, paraMtu magadhamAM sacavAyela Arya pUrvenA sAmAnya vArasAno eka bhAga hoya ema jaNAya che." karmanA paudgalitva athavA mUrtatvanI siddhi nIce pramANe karavAmAM AvI che-(1) zarIra vagere mUrta hovAne kAraNe temanA nimittabhUta karma paNa mUrta hovAM joIe. A tarkano svIkAra

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karma ane punarjanma karI jenadarzanamAM karmane mUrti mAnavAmAM AvyAM che. jema paramANuonAM ghaTa vagere kArya mUrti che eTale paramANu mUrta che tema karmanAM zarIra Adi kArya mUrti che eTale karma paNa mUrti che. (2) karma mUrti che kAraNa ke enI sAthe saMbaMdha thatAM sukhAdino anubhava thAya che, udAharaNArtha bhojana je amUrta hoya enI sAthe saMbaMdha thatAM sukhAdino anubhava thato nathI, udAharaNArtha AkAza. (3) karma mUrti che kAraNake enA saMbaMdhathI vedanAno anubhava thAya che, udAharaNArtha agni. je amUrta hoya enA saMbaMdhathI vedanAno anubhava thato nathI, udAharaNArtha AkAza. (4) karma mUrti che kAraNa ke emAM bAhya padArtho vaDe balAdhAna thAya che, udAharaNArtha ghaTa. jevI rIte ghaTavagere mUrta vastuo upara tela vagere bAhya padArthonuM vilepana karavAthI balAdhAna thAya che arthAt snigdhatA AdinI utpatti thAya che tevI rIte karmamAM paNa mAlA, caMdana, vanitA Adi bAhya padArthanA saMsargathI balAdhAna thAya che, arthAtu uddIpana AdinI utpatti thAya che. A badhAM kAraNone AdhAre karma mUrta che e puravAra thAya che. (juo vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 1625-1627). karma mUrta che ane AtmA amUrti che. AvI paristhitimAM karma AtmAnI sAthe saMbaddha kevI rIte thaI zake? mUrta dvArA amUrtano upaghAta ke upakAra kevI rIte thaI zake? jema jJAna vagere amUrta hovA chatAM viSa, madirA Adi mUrta vastuo dvArA temano upaghAta thAya che tathA ghI, dUdha Adi poSTika padArtho dvArA emano upakAra thAya che tema AtmA amUrta hovA chatAM mUrta karma dvArA teno upaghAta ke upakAra thAya che. vaLI, saMsArI AtmA ekAMtapaNe amUrta nathI. jIva ane karmano anAdikAlIna saMbaMdha hovAthI jIva paNa kathaMcit karmapariNAmarUpa che. mATe e e rUpamAM mUrti che. A prakAre kathaMcit mUrta AtmA sAthe mUrta karma saMbaddha thaI zake che tathA karma AtmAno upaghAta ke upakAra karI zake che. (juo vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1637-38). jIva ane karmano saMbaMdha anAdi che. je pugalaparamANuo karmarUpe pariNata thAya che temane karmavargaNA kahe che ane je zarIrarUpe pariNata thAya che temane normavargaNA kahe che. loka A banne prakAranA paramANuthI pUrNa che. jIva potAnI manavacanakAyAnI pravRttithI A paramANuone potAnA bhaNI AkarSato rahe che. manavacanakAyAnI pravRtti tyAre ja thAya che jyAre jIvanI sAthe karma saMbaddha hoya, ane jIvanI sAthe karma tyAre ja saMbaddha thAya che jyAre manavacanakAyAnI pravRtti hoya. A prakAre karmathI pravRtti ane pravRttithI karmanI paraMparA anAdi kALathI che. karma ane pravRttinA kAryakAraNabhAvane najara samakSa rAkhI pagalaparamANuonA piMDarUpa karmane dravyakarma ane rAgadveSa Adi rUpa karmane bhAvakarma kahevAmAM Ave che. dravyakarma ane bhAvakarmano kAryakAraNabhAva maraghI ane iMDAnI mAphaka anAdi che. jyAre rAgAdi bhAvono kSaya thAya che tyAre AtmAno karmayugalo sAtheno saMbaMdha chUTI jAya che. Ama, AtmAno karmayugalo sAtheno saMbaMdha anAdi hovA chatAM sAMta che. (vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA 1639)

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna AtmA svabhAvathI amUrta che paraMtu paudgalikakarma sAthe teno nIrakSIra jevo saMbaMdha anAdi hoIne saMsArI avasthAmAM tene sthaMcit mUrta mAnavAmAM Avela che. AtmAnA karma sAthenA saMbaMdhane laIne AtmAnI cAra prakAranI mukhya avasthA thAya che-aupAmika, kSAyika, kSAyoparAmika ane auyika. karmanA upazamathI utpanna thanAra aupazamika, karmanA kSayathI utpanna thanAra kSAyika, karmanA kSaya ane upazamathI utpanna thanAra kSAyopAmika ane karmanA udayathI pedA thanAra auyika. A uparAMta pAMcamo bhAva pAriNAmika che je AtmAnuM svAbhAvika pariNamana ja che. (tattvArthasUtra 2.1).10 42 ve karmanuM jIva bhaNI AvavAnuM (=AsavanuM) kAraNa che manavacanakAyAnI pravRtti." Ama manavacanakAyAnA vyApAro, jemane jaino yoga kahe che te, karmono AtmAnI sAthe saMbaMdha karAvanAra che. AtmA bhaNI AkarSAyelAM karmono AtmAnA pradezo sAthe nIrakSIra saMbaMdha thavo te baMdha che. umAsvAti mahArAja baMdhanAM kAraNomAM mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya ane yoga e pAMcane gaNAve che. paraMtu khAsa to A pAMcamAMthI kaSAya ja baMdhanuM mukhya kAraNa che. (tattvArthasUtra 6. 1-2 ane 8.1) 19 AtmAne lAgelAM karmo AtmAnI amuka zaktine DhAMke che, te zaktine te amuka vakhata sudhI DhAMke che, judI judI tIvratAvALAM phaLo Ape che ane amuka jaththAmAM AtmAne ~ lAge che. paraMtu ahIM prazna thAya che ke te AtmAnI kaI zaktine DhAMkaro, keTalA vakhata sudhI DhAMkaze, keTalI tIvratAvALAM phaLo Apaze ane keTalA jaththAmAM lAgaze tenAM niyAmaka kAraNo zAM che ? jaina mate te karmone AtmA bhaNI lAvavAmAM kAraNabhUta AtmAnI pravRtti che ane te pravRttinA prakAra AtmAnI kaI zaktine te karmo DhAMkaze te nakkI kare che. jo tenI pravRtti jJAnanAM sAdhanono nAza karanArI, jJAnIno anAdara karanArI haze to tevI pravRttithI AtmAne lAganArAM karmo AtmAnI jJAnarAktine DhAMko. te pravRttinuM pramANa te karmonA jaththAnuM pramANa nakkI kare che. karmo keTalA vakhata sudhI AtmAnI zaktine DhAMkaze eno AdhAra tathA phaLanI tIvratA-maMdatAno AdhAra pravRtti karatI vakhatanI kaSAyanI tIvratAmaMdatA upara che.. kaSAya cAra che - krodha, mAna, mAyA ane lobha. te rAga-dveSano ja vistAra che. jema vadhAre tIvra kayAyapUrvakanI pravRtti tema te pravRttithI lAgatAM karmo vadhAre vakhata sudhI AtmAnI zaktine DhAMko ane vadhAre tIvra phaLa Apaze. Ama, jaino kaSAyone choDavA upara viroSa bhAre mUke che, pravRttine choDavA para teTalo nahi. jainoe sAMparAyika ane iryApathika karmabaMdha svIkAryA che ane jaNAvyuM che ke kaSAyasahita pravRtti karanArane sAMparAyika karmabaMdha thAya che ane kaSAyarahita pravRtti karanArane iryApathika karmabaMdha thAya che." sAMparAyika karmabaMdhane samajAvavA mATe teo bhInA cAmaDA para paDelI rajanA coTavAnuM dRSTAMta Ape che ane iryApathika karmabaMdhane samajAvavA mATe sUkI bhIMta para

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karma ane punarjanma pheMkavAmAM AvelA lAkaDAnA goLAnuM udAharaNa Ape che. arthAt jaino kahevA mAMge che ke , mana-vacana-kAyAnI pravRtti hovA chatAM paNa jo kaSAya na hoya to upArjita karmomAM sthiti tema ja rasano baMdha thato nathI. sthiti ane rasa bannenA baMdhanuM kAraNa kaSAya che. AthI kyAya ja saMsAranI kharI jaDa che. Ama, kharekhara to phaLanI AkAMkSAvALI pravRtti ja baMdhanuM kAraNa che, phaLanI AkAMkSA vinAnI anAsakta pravRtti baMdhanuM kAraNa nathI evuM phalita thAya che. (juo tattvArthasUtra 8.3, sarvArthasiddhi 8.3, tattvArthasUtra 6.4) ahIM nyAyavizArada nyAyatIrtha munizrI nyAyavijayajInA zabdo TAMkavA yogya che. teo temanA jainadarzana pR. 375 upara kahe che ke "karmadalanA ananta vistAramAM mohanuM -rAgadveSamohanuM, kAma, krodha, mada, mAyA, lobha e ToLakInuM - pramukha ane agrima varcas che. bhavacakano mukhya AdhAra emanA upara che. eo samagra doSonA upari che. sakala karmatatra para emanuM agragAmI prabhutva ane netRtva che. emanAthI mukti thaI jAya to samagra karmacathI mukti thayelI ja che. eTalA mATe kahyuM che : kaSAyamurUi ti muriva arthAt kaSAyothI mukta thavAmAM ja mukti che." pravRttityAga saMbaMdhamAM e vicAraka munivare je kahyuM che te vicAraNIya che. teo kahe che, azubha pravRtti choDI ja devAnI che, paNa te kyAre bane? jyAre manane zubha pravRttiomAM rojvAmAM Ave tyAre. jema pagamAM vAgelo kAMTo kADhavAmAM soyano upayoga karIe chIe tema azubha pravRttiothI chUTavA mATe zubha pravRttiono Azraya levAnI jarUra paDe che. kAMTo kAlyA pachI kAMTAne pheMkI daIe chIe, paNa soyane bhaviSyanA upayoga mATe sAcavI rAkhIe chIe, te pramANe jyAM sudhI azubha pravRttio pratyenuM valaNa taddana nAbUdana thayuM hoya tyAM sudhI zubha pravRttio tyAjya banatI nathI. zubha pravRttinA baMdhanathI chUTavA mATe te pravRttino tyAga karavAnI jarUra nathI, paNa te pravRttinA kartAe pravRtti karavAnA Azayane zubhamAMthI zuddha rUpamAM pheravavAnI jarUra che. prastutamAM kahevAnI matalaba e che ke pravRtti choDI chUTatI nathI. jyAre tenI jarUra nathI hotI tyAre te ApoApa svAbhAvikmaNe chUTI jAya che. paNa jyAM sudhI jIvananI dazA svabhAvataH pravRttigAmI che tyAM sudhI mANase asat pravRttine tyAgI saspravRttizIla banavuM joIe. akALe karelA pravRttityAgamAM kartavyapAlananA svAbhAvika ane susaMgata mArgathI gruta thavApaNuM che, emAM vikAsa sAdhAnAnI anukULatA nathI, paNa jIvananI viDaMbanA che." (jainadarzana, pR. 363) jeno svIkAre che ke pUrvajanmamAM karelAM karma A janmamAM phaLe che, tema A janmamAM karelAM karma paNa A janmamAM phaLe che. AnA samarthanamAM nyAyavijayajI bhagavatIsUtrane aMke che. (jainadarzana pU. 355). dasakAliyasattanI agatyasiMhacuNi (prAkRta TesTa sosAyaTI, pR. 57) A be prakAranAM karmo mATe anukrame paralodanIya ane IhalokavedanIya evAM nAmo vApare che.

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna karmanA mULabhUta ATha prakAra che. temane karmanI ATha mULa prakRtio kahevAmAM Ave che. te nIce pramANe che : - (1) jJAnAvaraNIya karma - AtmAnI jJAnazaktine DhAMkanAra karma jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahevAya che. (2) darzanAvaraNIya karma - ahIM darzanano artha nirAkAra upayoga - bodha che. AtmAnI nirAkAra upayogarUpa zaktine DhAMkanAra karmo darzanAvaraNIya karma kahevAya che. (3) vedanIya karma - je karmo sukhadu:khano anubhava karAve che te vedanIya karma kahevAya che. (4) mohanIya karma - mohanIya karmanA be bheda che : darzanamohanIya karma ane cAritramohanIya karma. tattvapakSapAtane rUMdhanAra karma darzanamohanIya karma kahevAya che ane cAritrane rUMdhanAra karma cAritramohanIya karma kahevAya che. " (5) AyuSyakarma - je karma AyuSyanI maryAdAnuM niyamana kare che te AyuSyakarma kahevAya che. (6) nAmakarma - jenAthI ekendriya Adi bhinna jAtio ane manuSya Adi bhinna bhinna gatio tema ja zarIra, rUpa, svara Adi vyaktitvane ghaDatI bAbato nakkI thAya che te nAmakarma che. (7) gotrakarma - je karma ucca-nIca gotra ane sAmAjika mobho, mAnamaratabo nakkI karI Ape che te gotrakarma kahevAya che. (8) antarAyakarma - dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga ane vIryamAM antarAya Ubho karavAnuM kArya kare che te karma antarAyakarma. (tattvArthasUtra 8.4) jenoe karmanI daza avasthAo mAnI che. te nIce pramANe che : (1) baMdha - karmanIbaMdhAvasthAmAM, karmayugalono AtmAnI sAthenIrakSIrasaMbaMdha hoya che. (2) sattA - karmanI sattAvasthAmAM, karmapudgalo potAnuM phaLa na ApatAM kevaLa sattArUpe rahe che. (3) udaya - karmanI uThayAvasthAmAM, karmayuddagalo potAnuM phaLa ApavA tatpara thAya che ane potAnuM phaLa Ape che. (4) udIraNA - karmanI udIraNAvasthAmAM, karmapulone khAsa prayatnavizeSathI AtmA temanA niyata samaya pahelAM phaLa ApavA unmukha banAve che. (5) saMkramaNa - karmanI saMkramaNAvasthAmAM, AtmAnA khAsa prayatnavizeSathI eka karmaprakRtinuM anya sajAtIya karmaprakRtimAM parivartana thAya che. (6)-(7) uddavartanA-apavartanA - karmanI te avasthA che jemAM tenI sthiti ane rasamAM vadhAro thAya te udvartanA ane jemAM ghaTADo thAya te apavartanA. ahIM paNa A vadhAro ke ghaTADo AtmAnA prayatnavizeSathI thAya che.

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karma ane punarjanma 45 (8) upazamanA - karmanI upazamanAvasthAmAM, uThita karmane bhasmacchanna agninI jema dakhAvI zAMta karI devAmAM Ave che. A uparAmana paNa AtmAnA prayatnaviroSathI thAya che. ( 9 ) nidhatti - karmanI nidhatti avasthAmAM, udIraNA ane saMkramaNanI saMbhAvanAno abhAva hoya che. (10) nikAcanA - karmanI nikAcanA avasthAmAM udIraNA ane saMkramaNa uparAMta urtanA ane apavartanAnI saMbhAvanAno paNa bilakula abhAva hoya che. udIraNA, saMkramaNa, urtanA, apavartanA ane uparAmanA karma upara puruSanuM Adhipatya che ema spaSTapaNe darzAve che, puruSa karmano gulAma nathI. jaina karmasiddhAntamAM puruSasvAtaMtrya (freedom of will) ane ughamane ghaNo avakAza che. munizrI nyAyavijayajI temanA jainadarzanamAM (pR. 353) lakhe che, ''karmazAstra paNa karmano udaya thavAmAM samucita udyamano avakAza mAne che, tema ja karmanA udayane durbala banAvavAmAM paNa yogya udyamane AvakAre che.'' upAdhyAya yazovijayajI 26mI dvAtriMzikAmAM zloka 24mAM puruSaprayatnanI ane puruSasvAtaMtryanI sarvoparitA svIkAre che ane spaSTapaNe kahe che ke nikAcita gaNAtA karmane paNa puruSa tapa ane sAdhanAthI kSINa karI zake che. karma udayamAM Ave tyAre tenA phaLane samatAthI bhogavavA ke Asakti-vihvaLatAthI bhogavavA puruSa svataMtra che. ''karma udayamAM Ave tyAre tene samatAthI-samabhAvathI bhogavI levAmAM DahApaNa che. ema bhogavI levAthI e karma khatama thatAM navAM du:khada karyo mUkI jatuM nathI. paNa jyAre karmanAM sukhabhogarUpa phaLa AsaktithI ane du:khabhogarUpa phaLa durdhyAnathI bhogavavAmAM Ave tyAre e prakAre bhogavavAnA pariNAme bIjA navA karmabandho jaDAI jAya che. ataH sukhabhoganA udayakALe sukhabhogamAM nahi raMgAtA eTale ke anAsaktapaNe samabhAvathI e uThita karmane bhogavI levAthI ane duHkhanI hAlatamAM hiMmatathI manane zAntimAM rAkhI duHkhane ( e udita asAtAvedanIya karmane) bhogavI levAthI e udayAgata karma evI rIte kSINa thaI jAya che ke jenA anusaMdhAnamAM navAM azubha karmo baMdhAvA pAmatA nathI. karmayogathI bhogasAmagrI upasthita thaI, paNa emAM mohavikArane vaza thavuM ke na thavuM e AtmAnI potAnI sattAnI vAta che.'' (nyAyavijayajIkRta jainadarzana pR. 348). badhAM ja karmono kSaya te mokSa che. AnA mATe prathama to AvatAM karmone aTakAvI devAM joIe (saMvara) ane lAgelAM karmone kheravI nAkhavAM joIe (nirjarA).pa saMvaranA upAya tarIke jaino vrata, gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya, cAritra ane tapa gaNAve che". hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahma ane parigrahamAMthI virati e vrata che." mana-vacana-kAyAnI pravRttino samyak nigraha e gupti che. vivekzIla pravRtti e samiti che. kSamA, mRdutA, RjutA, zauya, saMyama, satya, tapa, tyAga, Acinya ane brahmacaryarUpa dazavidha dharma che. zAMtabhAve parISahone sahana karavA e parISahajaya che. samabhAva Adi caritra che. vastusthitinuM kalyANapreraka ciMtana e anuprekSA che. nirjarAnA

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bhAratIya taravajJAna upAyomAM upara gaNAvelA upAyo uparAMta tapano svIkAra che. nirjarAno khAsa upAya tapa che." tapanA be prakAra che - bAhya tapa ane AMtara tapa. bAhya tapamAM anazana Adino samAveza thAya che. AMtara tapamAM prAyazcitta (doSazodhanakriyA), vinaya, vaiyAvRtya (sevAbhakti), svAdhyAya, vyutsarga (mamatvano-kASAyika vikArono tyAga) tathA kalyANagAmI ekAgratArUpa dhyAna A chano samAveza thAya che. tapathI saMvara paNa sadhAya che. paraMtu nirjarA mATe to mukhya khAsa upAya tapa ja che. AvatAM karmone taddana aTakAvI detAM ane lAgelAM karmone saMpUrNapaNe kheravI nAkhatAM AtmA saMpUrNapaNe karmarahita banI jAya che. saMpUrNapaNe karmathI mukti e ja mokSa che. karma ane punarjanma-bhAratIya darzanono sarvasAdhAraNa siddhAMta cArvAka darzanane choDI bAkInAM badhAM ja darzano karmavAdane ane punarjanmane svIkAre che. badhAM bhAratIya darzanomAM e vAta upara sarvasaMmati che ke manuSya ke vyakti je karma kare che e karmanuM phaLa tene ja maLe che. zubha karmanuM phaLa sukha che ane azubha karmanuM phaLaduHkha che. je karmanuM phaLa vartamAna janmamAM maLatuM nathI te karmanuM phaLa pachInA janmamAM maLe che. jIva potAnAM karmAnusAra vividha yoniomAM janme che. jyAre jIva tRSNArahita banI jAya che tyAre te phalAsaktirahita karma kare che. niSkAmabhAve karAtAM karmo bandhana nathI banatAM. e sthitimAM jIvane kevaLa pUrvajanmonAM karmonAM ja phaLa bhogavavAM paDe che. tene punarbhava nathI. te dehapAta pachI mukta bane che. aMtima janmamAM badhAM karmonAM phaLo khAsa prakriyAthI te bhogavI le che. karmasiddhAnta parano AkSepa ane teno parihAra karma siddhAnta niyativAda (predeterminism) ane nirAzAvAda bhaNI laI jAya che, temAM puruSa svAtaMtryane (freedom of willne) avakAza ja nathI. pUrva karmone kAraNe prANI atyAre je kaMI che ke kare che te che ane kare che, atyAranAM karmo tenA bhAvi vyaktitvane niyata karaze ane Ama cAlyA karaze. puruSa saMpUrNapaNe pUrvakathI baddha che, eTaluM ja nahi temanAthI teno cehasika ane zArIrika vyavahAra - tenuM saMpUrNa vyaktitva -- niyata che. AmAM puruSasvAtaMtryane avakAza kyAM rahyo? vaLI, AmAM muktino saMbhava paNa kyAM rahyo? A zaMkA barAbara nathI. te karmasiddhAMtanI adhUrI samajamAMthI UbhI thayelI che. karma anusAra puruSane bhinna bhinna zaktivALAM mana, zarIra ane bAhya sAdhano prApta thAya che tema ja te bhinna bhinna vAtAvaraNa ane paristhitimAM mukAya che eTaluM ja, paraMtu prApta sAdhanono upayoga kema karo ane amuka vAtAvaraNa ane paristhitimAM kevo pratyAghAta Apavo te tenA hAthanI vAta che evuM karmasiddhAnta mAne che. vaLI, puruSa potAnA prayatnathI pUrvakarmonI asarone haLavI ke naSTa karI zake che evuM paNa karmasiddhAMtamAM svIkArAyuM che. puruSa upara karmanuM nahi paNa karma upara puruSanuM Adhipatya che-alabatta puruSane tenuM bhAna thavuM joIe, tenuM citta camakavuM joIe.

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karma ane punarjanma - 47 karmasiddhAMta nirAzAvAda ke akarmaNyatA bhaNI laI jato nathI paraMtu AzAvAda ane puruSArthano poSaka che. karma karanArane, sAdhanA karanArane tenuM yogya phaLa maLe ja che evo vizvAsa ApanAra karmasiddhAMta che. eka janmamAM prayatna karavA chatAM paNa paramapada(vItarAgatA)nI prApti na thaI ane adhavacce ja marI gayA tathA je kaMI prApta kyuM hatuM e paNa cAlyuM gayuM, AgalA janmamAM pharI A janmanI jema duHkhI thavuM paDaze, vagere vicArone karmasiddhAMtamAM sthAna nathI. potAnA adhikAra pramANe sAdhanA dvArA je kaMI jJAna jIva eka janmamAM prApta kare che, te jJAnano nAzamaraNathI thato nathI. e jJAna tojIvAtmAnI sAthe eka jarjara zarIra choDI bIjA navA zarIramAM jAya che ane bIjA janmamAM e jIva pUrvajanmanA saMcita jJAnathI AgaLa vadhe che. Ama karmavAda AzA ane puruSArthano preraka che. karmasiddhAntanI mahattA- Do. meksamUlaranuM mantavya karmasiddhAMtanuM mahattva darzAvatAM DaoN. mekasamUlara kahe che, "e to nizcita che ke karmanA siddhAMtano prabhAva mAnavajIvana upara behada paDyo che. jo mAnavI jANe ke vartamAna jIvanamAM koI jAtano aparAdha karyA vagara mAre je kaMI duHkha veThavuM paDe che e mArA pUrvajanmanA karmanuM ja phaLa che, to e, jUnuM devuM cUkavanAra mAnavInI jema, zAMtapaNe e saMkaTane sahana karI leze; ane sAthe sAthe je e mAnavI eTaluM paNa jANato hoya ke sahanazIlatAthI jUnuM devuM cUkate karI zakAya che, tathA ethI ja bhaviSyane mATe dharmanI mUDI bhegI karI zakAya che, to ene bhalAIne mArge cAlavAnI preraNA ApoApa ja maLI javAnI... eTaluM to sunizcita che ke karmano siddhAMta sauthI vadhAre sthAnomAM svIkAravAmAM Avyo che. enAthI lAkho mAnavIonAM kaSTo ochAM thayAM che. ane e ja siddhAMtane lIdhe mAnavIne vartamAna saMkaTa sahana karavAnI zakti pedA karavAnuM ane bhaviSyanuM jIvana sudhAravAnuM uttejana maLatuM rahyuM che."* karmasiddhAnta ane sarvajJatva sAmAnya rIte sarvajJatvano artha evo karavAmAM Ave che ke badhAM ja dravyonI badhI ja vyaktionI saikAlika badhI ja avasthAonuM yugapardU sAkSAtkArI jJAna. sarvajJatvano Avo artha karavAthI dareka jIvanI zaikAlika badhI ja avasthAo custapaNe niyata (predetermined) che evuM avazyapaNe phalita thAya. temAM pheraphArane koI ja avakAza nathI. Ane ja paM. hukamacaMda bhArita kramabaddhaparyAyavAda kahe che. emAM puruSaprayatna, svataMtra icchAzakti, naitika javAbadArI, AtmasudhAraNA, sAdhanA sarva jUThuM Thare che. pariNAme, jemAMthI Avo jaDa niyativAda nitAnta phalita thAya ja evuM A sarvajJatva karmasiddhAntanuM taddana virodhI che. baMnenuM sahAvasthAna asaMbhava che. AvA sarvajJatvane ane karmasiddhAntane baMnene koI eka ciMtaka svIkArI na zake. bemAMthI ekano tyAga karavo ja paDe.

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42 TippaNa 1. sUryaM cakSurgacchatu vAtamAtmA dyAM ca gaccha pRthivIM ca dharmaNA / apo vA gaccha yadi tatra te hitamoSadhISu prati tiSThA zarIraiH / 2. sasyamiva martyaH pacyate sasyamivAjAyate punaH || 6 || 3. .. AtmA niSkrAmati cakSuSTo vA mUrdhno vA'nyebhyo vA zarIradezebhyastamutkrAmantaM prANo'nUtkrAmati prANamanUtkrAmantaM sarve prANA anUtkrAmanti sa vijJAno bhavati savijJAnamevAnvavakrAmati / taM vidyAkarmaNI samanvArabhete pUrvaprajJA ca // 2 // 4. tadyathA tRNajalAyukA tRNasyAntaM gatvA'nyamAkramamAkramyAtmAnamupasaMharatyevamevAyamAtmedaM zarIraM nihatyAvidyAM gamayitvA'nyamAkramamAkramyAtmAnamupasaMharati // 3 // . hanta ta idaM pravakSyAmi guhyaM brahma sanAtanam / yathA ca maraNaM prApya AtmA bhavati gautama ||6|| bhAratIya tattvajJAna yonimanye prapadyante zarIratvAya dehinaH // sthANumanye'nusaMyanti yathAkarma yathAzrutam // 7 // dvitIye adhyAye dvitIyA vallI 9. ... yathAkArI yathAcArI tathA bhavati, sAdhukArI sAdhurbhavati, pApakArI pApI bhavati, puNyaH puNyena karmaNA bhavati pApaH pApena // atho khalvAhuH kAmamaya evAyaM puruSa iti, sa yathAkAmo bhavati tatkraturbhavati, yatkraturbhavati tatkarma kurute, yatkarma kurute tadabhisaMpadyate // 5 // 7. tadya iha ramaNIyacaraNA abhyAzo ha yatte ramaNIyAM yonimApadyeran brAhmaNayoniM vA kSatriyayoniM vA vaizyayoniM vAtha ya iha kapUyacaraNA abhyAzo ha yatte kapUyAM yonimApadyeran zvayoniM vA sUkarayoniM vA cANDAlayoniM vA / 8. ... sa iha kITo vA patu vA zakunirvA zArdUlo vA siMho vA matsyo vA parazvA vA puruSo vAsnyo vaiteSu sthAneSu pratyAjAyate yathAkarma yathAvidyam / 8. jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyurdhruvaM janma mRtasya ca / 10. antavanta ime dehA nityasyoktAH zarIriNaH / 11. vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya navAni gRhNAti naro'parANi / tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehI // 12. bahUni me vyatItAni janmAni tava cArjuna / 13. na hi kazcit kSaNamapi jAtu tiSThatyakarmakRt / 14. zarIrayAtrApi ca na prasiddhayedakarmaNaH /

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karma ane punarjanma 15. karmajaM buddhiyuktA hi phalaM tyaktvA manISiNa: / janmabandhavinirmuktAH padaM gacchantyanAmayam // 15. yogasthaH kuru karmANi saMgaM tyaktvA dhanaJcaya / siddhyasiddhayoH samo bhUtvA samatvaM yoga ucyate // 17. na karmaNAmanArambhAnnaiSkarmyaM puruSo'zrute / na ca saMnyasanAdeva siddhiM samadhigacchati // 18. tyaktvA karmaphalAsaGgaM nityatRpto nirAzrayaH / karmaNyabhipravRtto'pi naiva kiJcit karoti saH // 17. jJeyaH sa nityasaMnyAsI yo na dveSTi na kAGkSati / 20. na mAM karmANi limpanti na me karmaphale spRhA / 21. yathaidhAMsi samiddho'gnirbhasmasAtkurute'rjuna / jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAtkurute tathA // 22. karmaNyevAdhikAraste / 12 3. mA phaleSu kadAcana / 24. mA karmaphalahetubhUH / 25. mA te saGgo'stvakarmaNi / 21. karmaNaiva hi saMsiddhimAsthitA janakAdayaH / lokasaGgrahamevApi saMpazyan kartumarhasi / / 27. karmaNo hyapi boddhavyaM boddhavyaM ca vikarmaNaH / akarmaNazca boddhavyaM gahanA karmaNo gatiH // 28. na kartRtvaM na karmANi lokasya sRjati prabhuH / na karmaphalasaMyogaM svabhAvastu pravartate // nAdatte kasyacit pApaM na caiva sukRtaM vibhuH / ajJAnenAvRtaM jJAnaM tena muhyanti jantavaH // 27. kammA vipAkA vattanti vipAko kammasambhavo / kammA punabbhavo hoti evaM loko pavattati // vibhaMga (visuddhimagga, kaMkhAvitaraNa - visuddhiniddesa gata uddharaNa) 30. ita ekanavati kalpe zaktyA me puruSo hataH / tena karmavipAkena pAde viddho'si bhikSavaH ! // 31. 'kammaM satte vibhajati yadidaM hInapaNItatAyA 'ti / cUlakammavibhaMgasutta, majjhimanikAya 45

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50 bhAratIya tattvajJAna 32. kRSNazuklAdibhedena punaH karma caturvidham / 33. cetanAhaM bhikkhave kammaM ti vadAmi / cetayitvA hi kammaM karoti kAyena vAcA ya manasA vaa| aMguttaranikAya / sattvalokamatha bhAjanolokaM cittameva racayatyaticitram / karmajaM hi jagaduktamazeSaM karma cittamavadhUya ca nAsti / bodhicaryAvatArapaJjikA, pR0 99, 472 34. niyatAniyataM tacca niyataM trividhaM punaH / / dRSTadharmAdivedyatvAt paJcadhA karma kecana // abhidharmakoza 4.50 u5. jAtamAtrasya jantorananubhUtamaraNadharmakasya dveSo duHkhAnusmRtinimitto kathaM bhavet / yogabhASya 4.10 / sarvasya prANina iyamAtmAzInityA bhavati mA na bhUvaM bhUyAsamiti / na cAnanubhUtamaraNadharmakasyaiSA bhavatyAtmAzI: / etayA ca pUrvajanmAnubhava: pratIyate / yogabhASya 2.9 39.saMskArasAkSAtkaraNAt pUrvajAtivijJAnam / u7. "In Sankhya karma is explained materialistically, as consisting in a special collocation of minutest infra-atomic particles or material forces making the action good or bad." 38. catuSpadI khalviyaM karmajAti: / kRSNA zuklakRSNA zuklA azuklA'kRSNA ceti / tatra kRSNA durAtmanAm / zuklakRSNA bahiHsAdhanasAdhyA / tatra parapIDAnugrahadvAreNaiva karmAzayapracayaH / zuklA'tapaHsvAdhyAyadhyAnavatAm / sA hi kevale manasyAyattatvAd bahi:sAdhanAnadhInA na parAn pIDayitvA bhavati / azuklA'kRSNA saMnyAsinAM kSINaklezAnAM caramadehAnAm / tatrA'zuklaM yogina eva, phalasaMnyAsAt / akRSNaM cAnupAdAnAt / itareSAM tu bhUtAnAM pUrvameva trividhmiti|| 38. zuklakarmodayAdihaiva nAza: kRSNasya / 40. klezamUla: karmAzaya:... / yogasUtra 41. tatra puNyApuNyakarmAzaya: kAmalobhamohakrodhaprabhavaH / 42. sa dRSTajanmavedanIyazcAdRSTajanmavedanIyazca / 43. tasmAjanmaprayANAntare kRta: puNyApuNyapracayo vicitraH pradhAnopasarjanIbhAvenAvasthitaH / prayANAbhivyakta ekapraghaTTakena maraNaM prasAdhya sammUrchita ekameva janma karoti / tacca janma tenaiva karmaNA labdhAyuSkaM bhavati / tasminnAyuSi tenaiva karmaNA bhogaH sampadyate iti / asau karmAzayo janmAyurbhogahetutvAt trivipAko'bhidhIyate iti| ata ekakarmAzaya ukta iti / 44. dRSTajanmavedanIyastvekavipAkArammI bhogahetutvAt dvivipAkArambhI vA bhogAyurhetutvAt / 45. yastvasAvekabhavika: karmAzayaH sa niytvipaakshcaaniytvipaakshc| tatrAdRSTajanmavedanIyasya niyatavipAkasyaivAyaM niyamo na tvadRSTajanmavedanIyasyAniyatavipAkasya, kasmAt ? yo

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51 karma ane punarjanma hyadRSTajanmavedanIyo'niyatavipAkastasya trayI gati: - kRtasyAvipakkasya nAza:, pradhAnakarmaNyAvApagamanam vA, niyatavipAkapradhAnakarmaNA'bhibhUtasya ciramavasthAnamiti / 41. sopakramaM nirupakramaM ca karma... / 47.AyurvipAkaM karma dvividhaM - sopakramaM nirupakramaM ca / 48. tadaikabhavikamAyuSkaraM karma dvividhaM - sopakramaM nirupakramaM ca / 49. dvaye khalvamI saMskArAH- smRtiklezahetavo vAsanArUpAH, vipAkahetavo dharmAdharmarUpAH / yogabhASya 3.18 50. tatastadvipAkAnuguNAnAmeva vyaktirvAsanAnAm / 51. pUrvAbhyastasmRtyanubandhAjjAtasya hrssbhyshoksNprtiptteH| 52. jaativishessaacc| 53. pUrvakRtaphalAnubandhAt tadutpattiH / 54. vedAbhyAsena satataM zaucena tapasaiva ca / ___ adroheNa bhUtAnAM jAtiM smarati paurvikIm // manusmRti 4.148 55. dharmAjjAtyantarasmaraNamiha... / 51. pUrvazarIraM hitvA zarIrAntaropAdAnaM pretyabhAvaH / yasya tu sattvotpAdaH sattvanirodhaH pretyabhAvastasya kRtahAnamakRtAbhyAgamazca doSaH / 57. pUrvakRtaphalAnubandhAt tdutpttiH| 58. bhUtebhyo mUryupAdAnavat tadutpattiH / nyA0 sU0 / karmanirapekSebhyo bhUtebhyo nirvRttA mUrtayaH sikatAzarkarApASANagairikAJjanaprabhRtayaH puruSArthakAritvAdupAdIyante tathA karmanirapekSebhyo bhUtebhyaH zarIramutpannaM puruSArthakAritvAdupAdIyate / 58.na, sAdhyasamatvAt / nyAyasUtra 3.2.62 10.na, utpattinimittatvAnmAtApitroH / tathA''hArasya / nyA0 sU0 3.2.63-64 61.prAptau cAniyamAt / nyA0 sU0 3.2.65 ? na ca sarvo dampatyoH saMyogo garbhAdhAnaheturdazyate, tatrAsati karmaNi na bhavati, sati ca bhavati, iti anupapanno niyamAbhAvaH iti / nyA0 bhA0 3.2.65 / zarIrotpattinimittatvAt saMyogotpattinimittaM karma / nyA0 sU0 3.2.66 / / 12. etenAniyamaH pratyuktaH / nyA0 sU0 3.2.67 53.na pravRttiH pratisandhAnAya hInaklezasya / 64. bahizca viviktacitto viharanmukta ityucyate / 5. sarvANi pUrvakarmANi hyante janmani vipacyanta iti / nyAya bhA0 4.1.64

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52 bhAratIya tattvajJAna 1.anantAnAM kathamekasmin janmani parikSaya iti cet / kandalI pR0 687 17.na, kAlAniyamAt / kandalI pR0 687 18. yathaiva tAvat pratijanma karmANi cIyante, tathaiva bhogAt kSIyante ca / kandalI pR0 687 68. yogI hi yogarddhisiddhyA... nirmAya tadupabhogayogyAni ...tAni tAni sendriyANi zarIrANi, anta:karaNAni ca muktAtmabhirupekSitAni gRhItvA sphlkrmphlmnubhvti| . nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga 2, pR0 88 70.Izvara: kAraNaM puruSakarmAphalyadarzanAt / 71.na, puruSakarmAbhAve phlaanissptteH| 72. ttkaarittvaadhetuH| 73.sa hi sarvaprANinAM karmAnurUpaM phalaM prayacchan kathamanIzvaraH syAditi bhAvaH / na hi ___ yogyatAnurUpyeNa bhRtyAn phalavizeSapradaH prabhuraprabhurbhavati / kandalI pR0 133 74. na cApyanutpAdya kimapi apUrva, karma vinazyat kAlAntaritaM phalaM dAtuM zaknoti; ata: karmaNo vA sUkSmA kAciduttarAvasthA, phalasya vA pUrvAvasthA'pUrvanAmAstIti ty'te| 75. pramANanayatattvAloka 7.56 71. "The theory of karmic colours is not peculiar to Jainas, but seems to have been part of the general pre-Aryan inheritance that was preserved in Magadha". Philosophies of India, The __Bollingen Series, XXVI (1953), p. 251 77. aupazamikakSAyikau bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmikau ca / 78. kAyavAGmana:karma yogaH / sa AmravaH / 78. prakRtisthityanubhAvapradezAstadvidhayaH / ta0 sU0 8.3. . 80. tatra yoganimittau prakRtipradezau / kaSAyanimittau sthityanubhAvau / sarvArthasiddhi 8.3 81. sakaSAyAkaSAyayo: sAMparAyikeryApathayoH / ta0 sU0 6.8 82. humo paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyAkRta / AtmamImAMsA pR0 128-131 83. kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH / ta0 sU0 10.2 84. AsravanirodhaH saMvaraH / ta0 sU0 9.2 85. ekadezasaMkSayalakSaNA nirjraa| 81.sa guptisamitidharmAnuprekSAparISahajayacAritraiH / ta0 sU0 9.2 87. hiMsAnRtasteyAbrahmaparigrahebhyo virativratam / ta0 sU0 7.1 88. tapasA nirjarA ca / ta0 sU0 9.3 89. paM. sukhalAlajI kRta jainadharmano prANa pustaka karmasiddhAnta prakaraNamAM uddhata.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara Izvara paratve bhAratIya dArzaniko be vargamAM vaheMcAI jAya che. eka varga nityamukta jagatkartA eka AtmAne Izvara gaNe che. nityamuktano artha e che ke je bhUtakALamAM kadI baddha na hato, vartamAnamAM baddha nathI ane bhaviSyamAM baddha thavAno nathI. bIjo varga sAdhanA karI kalezamukta vItarAga thaI jIvone rogamukta thavAno - mokSamArgano - upadeza ApanAra jIvanmuktane Izvara gaNe che. A bIjo varga nityamukta jagatkartA IzvaranA astitvane svIkArato nathI. tenA mate to jIvanmukta upakeSTA ja Izvara che. have ApaNe eka pachI eka darzanane laI tenI Izvara vizenI mAnyatAne tapAsIzuM. jainadarzanamate Izvara jainadarzana nityamukta jagartA Izvarane mAnatuM nathI. AvA IzvaranI mAnyatAmAM rahelA doSone jaina ciMtakoe darzAvyA che. temanuM nidarzana yathAsthAne karIzuM. jeno tIrthakarane ja Izvara gaNe che. tIrthakara, ahaMta, jina e paryAyazabdo che. gRhavAsano tyAga karI zramaNatva(munimaNuM) svIkArI yogasAdhanA dvArA rAgadveSano AtyaMtika kSaya karI Atmika zaktionuM AvaraNa karanAra badhAM ja karmono dhvaMsa karI kevaLajJAna pAmyA pachI mokSamArgano upadeza ApanAra ane zramaNasaMghanI sthApanA karanAra tIrthaMkara che. mokSamArgopadeza ane zramaNasaMgha saMsArasAgara tarI javA mATe tIrtha che. sAdhanA dvArA vItarAga bananAra A tIrthaMkara ja vItarAgatAnA mArgano-mokSamArgano upadeza ApavA yogya che, samartha che. - Atmika zaktionuM AvaraNa karanAra sarvakarmano kSaya tIrthaMkare karyo hoI tenAmAM anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMtasukha ane anaMtavIrya e svabhAvabhUta anaMta catuSTaya pUrNarUpe pragaTa thayuM che. sAmAnya kevalI paNa sAdhanA karI vItarAga bane che ane Atmika zaktionuM AvaraNa karanAra sarva karmono kSaya kare che, pariNAme te paNa anaMta catuSTayanuM pUrNa prAkaTaya dharAve che. paraMtu te mokSamArgano upadeza ApatA nathI ke zramaNasaMghanI sthApanA karatA nathI. A spaSTa kare che sAmAnya kevalIthI tIrthakarano bheda. jIvonA parama upakAraka hovAthI tIrthaMkara parama ahita che. jeno tIrthakarane Izvara gaNe che. potAnAmAM paNa tIrthaMkaranA guNo vItarAgatA Adi keLavAya e uddezathI ja jeno vItarAga tIrthaMkaranI pUjA kare che. Ama jainonA tIrthakara anya bhAratIya darzanomAM svIkRta jIvanmukta ja

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna che.jIvanmuktanI jema temane paNa punarbhava nathI. je janmamAM te vItarAga banI tIrthaMkara pA prApta kare che te temano chello janma che. A aMtima janmamAM sarva pUrvakRta karmone te bhogavI le che. te svayaMsaMbuddha che. jaina mate utsarpiNI ane avasarpiNI e nAmanA kALacakranA be moTA ardhacakra vibhAga che je vArApharatI AvyA kare che. te dareka kALavibhAgane cha bhAgomAM vibhakta karI dareka bhAgane 'ara' nAma ApyuM che. dareka ardhacakranA trIjA ane cothA aramAM ja tIrthaMkaro thAya che ane temanI saMkhyA 24 ja hoya che. 54 anaMtacatuSTayanA pUrNaprAgaTayanuM dhArakatva' ane mokSamArgopaatva' tIrthaMkarane Izvara gaNavAnuM kAraNa che. bhUtakALamAM kadI baddha na hovuM e lakSaNa Izvarane mATe jarUrI nathI. jainone mate sRSTi anAdi-anaMta che, eTale tene koIe amuka kALe sarjI e mAnyatA emane rucikara nathI.4 IzvaranuM sRSTikartRtva temane tarkadoSothI dUSita lAge che. e doSonuM nirUpaNa yathAsthAne karIzuM. * bauddhamate Izvara 5 bauddhono mata jainamatathI bhinna nathI. bauddhamate paNa pravrajyA laI sAdhanA karI cittanI saghaLI duvRttio rUpa mAra upara vijaya karI saMbodhi prApta karyA pachI dharmacakranuM pravartana karanAra buddha ja Izvara che. bauddho nityamukta jagatkartA Izvarane mAnatA nathI. AvA IzvaranI mAnyatAnuM teo tarkapuraHsara dRDhatApUrvaka khaMDana kare che. emanI AvA IzvaravirodhI dalIlo yathAsthAne joIzuM. Ama bauddhonA Izvara buddha eka mAnava tarIke janmI sAdhanA karI saMbodhi prApta karanAra ane prANIone duHkhamuktino mArga batAvanAra mahApuruSa che. buddha eka nathI. aneka buddho thayA che ane thaze. Ama sthaviravAda anusAra buddha eka mAnava hatA. e koI lokottara vyakti na hatA. sAmAnya mAnavInI jema ja janmyA, ucharyA, paraNyA vagere. temanuM zarIra mAnavInA zarIra jevuM ja hatuM. sAdhanA dvArA temaNe mAravijaya karyo, cittavizuddhi pAmyA, saMbodhi prApta karyuM, dharmacakra pravartana karyuM ane chevaTe nirvANa pAmyA. je Rddhio sAmAnya mANasa paNa sAdhanA dvArA prApta karI zake te Rddhio temaNe prAsa karI hatI. temanI Rddhi-siddhi temane mANasa miTAvI lokottara banAvI detI nathI. Ama anya darzanomAM svIMkRta jIvanmukta upadezA sAthe buddhanuM atyaMta sAmya che. paraMtu mahAyAne buddhane lokottara banAvI dIdhA. mahAyAnIone mate buddhanuM zarIra (rUpakAya, saMbhogakAya) nirAsrava che, tene janma-jarA-mRtyu-roga-Adi doSo nathI. te divya kAyA che, lokottara che. te manuSyalokamAMdI AvatI ja nathI. te divyalokamAM ja nityAvasthita che. tenuM Ayu anaMta che. bodhiprApti pachI kalpo sudhI parinirvANamAM praveza na karIne buddho jIvonuM kalyANa karatA rahe che. eTale emanI rUpakAyA paNa evI

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 55 hovI joIe je kalpo sudhI TakI rahI emanA sarvasattvakalyANanA saMkalpane pAra pADe. AvI rUpakAyA divya rUpakAyA ja hoya, A divya rUpakAyA ja saMbhogakAya che. A kAyA buddhone puNyakarmonA phaLarUpe prApta thAya che. tethI buddhonI saMbhogakAyAo samAna nathI ane puNyalakSaNo dharAve che. saMbhogakAyane yA rUpakAyane nAnArUpavALI kahI che kAraNa ke aneka rUpo (= nirmANakAyo) pragaTa karavAnI vibhUti te dharAve che. A vibhUtine vibhutA tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. saMbhogakAya dvArA vipula dharmasukhano bhoga thAya che. saMbhogakAya vibhutA ane saMbhogano hetu che." buddhone potapotAno divyaloka hoya che. temane buddhakSetro kahevAmAM Ave che. buddhakSetramAM janma lenAra arhato ane bodhisattvone buddha saMbhogakAya dvArA mahAyAnano upadeza Ape che. mahAyAnanA upadeza mATe saMbhogakAya ja yogya che. sthaviravAdane mate buddhanI rUpakAya mAnuSI, sAsava, laukika che, jyAre mahAyAnane mate te divya, nirAsrava ane lokottara che. . mahAyAnane mate buddhakSetra (divya loka) sivAya bIje cAMya buddhanI rUpakAya nathI. tethI manuSyalokamAM je buddha AvyA hatA te nirmitabuddha hatA. manuSyaloka vagere lokamAM rahelA pRthakjanone yA zrAvakone upadeza ApavA mATe buddha nirmANakAyonuM nirmANa karI mokale che. nirmANakAya mAyika rUpakAya che kAraNa ke temAM vAstavika buddhacitta (arthAt buddha) hotuM nathI.'' temAM mAyika citta (nirmANacitta) paNa hotuM nathI kAraNa ke bauddha dharme nirmANacitta mAnyuM ja nathI. vAstavika bucitta ja nirmANakAyanuM niyAmaka che. saMbhogakAyastha (rUpakAyastha) buddhacitta nirmANakAyanuM niyamana kare che. A cittane vazavartI tenA Adeza anusAra sarva kAryo nirmANakAya kare che. eka saMbhogakAya aneka nirmANakAyonuM nirmANa karI zake che. Ama mahAyAnanA buddha lokottara che, divyalokamAM ja nityAvasthita che, divyalokamAM bodhisattvone mahAyAnano upadeza Ape che, temanuM zarIra (rUpakAya, saMbhogakAya) nirAsrava che, te manuSyalokamAM AvyA ja nathI, manuSyalokamAM to buddhe pote potAnI nirmANakAyAne zrAvaka-upAsakone hInayAnano upadeza ApavA mokalI hatI. Ama mahAyAne buddhane lokottara banAvI dIdhA. tema chatAM te jagatkartA nathI. te kevaLa duHkhamuktinA mArganA upadeSTA ja che. te upadeza dvArA prANIono upakAra ane uddhAra kare che. nirmANakAyonuM nirmANa paNa te tenA dvArA upadeza ApavAnuM prayojana siddha karavA ja kare che. upadezakArya temanuM mukhya kArya che. sAMkhyano nirIzvaravAda sAMkhyadarzana nirIzvaravAdI che. arthAt, te nityamukta jagatkartA IzvaranA astitvano svIkAra karatuM nathI. sAMkhyasiddhAntamAM Izvara jagatano sraSTA nathI. prakRtimAMthI jagatanI utpatti thAya che. sRSTinuM upAdAnakAraNa che prakRti ane nimittakAraNa che jIvonA

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56 bhAratIya tattvajJAna dharmAdharma. jIvonA dharmAdharma anusAra temanA bhoga ane apavarga mATe prakRti vicitra jagatanuM sarjana kare che. sRSTinA prAraMbhe karmAdhIne puruSonA saMsparzanA prabhAve prakRtinI sAmyavasthAno bhaMga thAya che ane sRSTikriyAno prAraMbha thAya che. sAMkhyakArikAnA TIkAkAra vAcaspati potAnI sAMkhyatattvakaumudI(kArikA-57)mAM sRSTivyApAramAM IzvaranI apekSA puravAra karanAruM koI pramANa nathI ema jaNAve che. jagatkartA IzvaranA samarthako kahe che ke acetana ane ajJa prakRti vicitra jagatanuM sarjanana karI zake; vaLI, tete dehasthajIvAtmAo prakRtinA preraka banI jagatanuM sarjana karI zake nahi kAraNa ke teo prakRtinA svarUpathI ajJAta che; eTale sarvadarzI nitya Izvara ja prakRtinA sRSTikAryano preraka banI zake. A ApattinA uttaramAM vAcaspati jaNAve che ke vatsapoSaNa mATe gAyanA stanamAMthI jema ajJa dUdha jhare che tevI rIte puruSanA bhoga ane mokSa mATe ajJa prakRti sRSTikAryamAM pravRtta thAya che. Izvarane jo prakRtino preraka mAnIe to sRSTikAryamAM tenI preraNArUpa pravRttinuM prayojana zuM hoI zake? jagatamAM buddhimAna loko svArthathI prerAIne ke karuNAthI prerAIne pravRtti kare che. paraMtu Izvarane to koI svArtha hoI zake nahi, kAraNa ke te to pUrNa che. karuNAvaze paNa tenI pravRtti ghaTatI nathI. sRSTi pahelAM duHkha hotuM nathI, kAraNa ke jIvonAM deha, indriyo ane duHkhadAyaka vastuonI utpatti thaI ja hotI nathI, eTale sRSTi pUrve karUNA ja saMbhavatI nathI. sRSTi pachI duHkha joIne Izvarane karuNA janme che ema paNa na kahI zakAya, kAraNa ke ema mAnatAM ItaretarAzrayadoSa Ave- karuNAvaze sRSTi ane sRSTijanya duHkha joIne karuNA. vaLI, karuNAvaze IzvaranI sRSTikAryamAM pravRtti hoya to te badhAM prANIone sukhI ja kema na sarje? koI sukhI ane koI duHkhI evI vicitra ane viSama sRSTi kema kare ? kharekhara to jIvonA dhamadharmarUpa karmavacitryane pariNAme sRSTivaicitrya che. karmonA adhiSThAtArUpe Izvarane svIkAravAnI koI ja jarUra nathI. kama svayaM potapotAnuM phaLa Ape che. prakRti ajJa che; te svArthe ke karuNAvaro sRSTi karatI nathI. te pote svayaM mahatva vagere rUpe pariName che. jagatanuM upAdAnakAraNa prakRti che, nimittakAraNa jIvonAM dharmAdharmarUpa karyo che. tethI sRSTivyApAramAM IzvaranI koI jarUra yA apekSA nathI. sAMkhyakArikAnI prAcIna vyAkhyA "yuktidIpikA'mAM nityamukta jagatkartA IzvaranA astitvane pUrvapakSanA rUpamAM rajU karI sAMkhyasiddhAnta anusAra enuM khaMDana karavAmAM AvyuM che. yuktidIpakAnA tarkone ahIM rajU karavA ucita jaNAya che. jagatkartA IzvaramAM mAnanAranuM kahevuM che ke pratyeka kArya atizaya buddhisaMpanna vyakti dvArA saMpanna thAya che, jema prAsAda ane vimAna Adi zilpI dvArA nirmita thAya che tema mahAbhUta, indriyo, bhuvana AdinI racanA Izvara kare che. IzvaranI siddhimAM temanI bIjI dalIla e che ke cetana ane acetanano saMbaMdha cetanathI saMpAdita thAya che. jema baLada ane gADAne vAhaka paraspara joDe che tema zarIrI ane zarIrano saMbaMdha cetana vaDe saMpAdita thAya che ane te cetana che Izvara,

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara . * 57 A pUrvapakSanuM yuktidIpikAkAre kareluM khaMDana saMkSepamAM nIce pramANe che. prAsAda AdinI jema kAryavizeSa ApaNA jevA jIvakartaka che ke atizayabuddhizALI Izvaraphleka emAM saMdeha che. tethI ukta anumAnathI IzvaranuM astitva siddha nathI thaI zakatuM. vaLI, prakRtinI pravRtti buddhi vinA thatI nathI, kAraNa ke sAMkhya paraMparA prakRtithI ja buddhino AvirbhAva mAne che. prakRtimAM sauprathama buddhinuM prasturaNa thAya che ane prakRti buddhipUrvaka ja samagra jagavilAsanuM nirmANa kare che. ene IzvaranI apekSA nathI. jo kahevAmAM Ave ke Izvara sarvazaktimAna che eTale prakRti vinA paNa jaganirmANamAM enI buddhi skurita thaze. Izvara svecchAthI ja buddhine Avirbhata karI zake che ema jo kahevAmAM Ave to eno uttara e che ke daSTAntanA abhAvamAM enI upapatti ja nahi thaI zake. buddhi cetanamAM svataH AvirbhAva pAmatI hoya evA daSTAntano sarvathA abhAva che. tethI dArjIntikanI siddhi karI zakAtI nathI. prakRtamAM IzvaranI buddhi ja kAchanika che. tethI tenI upapatti nathI thaI zakatI. . uparAMta, yuktidIpikAkAra kahe che ke Izvara jo sAMsArika badhA padArthono nirmAtA hoya to dharma ane adharma paNa Izvaranirmita ja banI jaze. pariNAme, nIce mujaba Apatti Avaze. Izvara parAnugrahAyeM saMsAranI racanA kare che. tethI te koIne duHkha devA nahi Icche. tethI te adharmanI utpattine rokI kevaLa dharmanI utpatti karaze, adharmane utpanna karavAmAM enuM kaMI prayojana nathI. ane jo dharma-adharmanI utpatti svabhAvataHmAnavAmAM Ave to IzvaranA sarvakartRtvano bhaMga thAya. tethI IzvaranA astitvanuM pramANita hovuM saMbhava nathI.. saMsAranI anAditAmAM yathApUrvamavanvayaityAdi zruti pramANa che. jIvanuM adaSTa pahelethI ja vidyamAna che tathA saMsAra anAdi che. tethI IzvarakartutvanI AvazyakatA ja nathI. IzvaranI siddhimAM ApavAmAM Avela bIjI dalIla paNa ucita nathI, kAraNa ke cetana ane acetanano saMbaMdha jo cetanakRta ja mAnavAmAM Ave to anavasthAdoSa anivArya che. kema? kAraNa ke Izvara tathA kAryavizeSa acetanamAM je kAryakAraNabhAvarUpa saMbaMdha che tene paNa cetanakRta mAnavo paDaze - Izvarano Izvara mAnavo paDaze ane A paraMparAno aMta ja nahi thAya. sAMkhyasUtrakAra Izvarano daDha pratiSedha kare che. Izvarane puravAra karanAra koI pramANa nathI." "prameyasiddhi pramAddhinA niyamane mAnanAra sAMkhyone mate prameyanI asiddhi ane prameyano abhAva be judI vastu rahetI ja nathI kAraNake prameyanuM astitva hoya to koI ne koI pramANathI grAhya yA siddha thAya ja evo sAMkhya mata che. eTale, Izvara koI pramANathI siddha thato nathI eno artha IzvaranuM astitva nathI e ja thAya. sUtrakAra kahe che ke jo Izvara hoya ja to te kAM to baddha hoya kAM to mukta hoya, trIjo koI prakArayA vikalpa saMbhavato nathI. Izvarane baddha (kalezAdiyukta) mAnI zakAya nahi kAraNa ke ema mAnatAM to Izvara sAdhAraNa

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58 bhAratIya tattvajJAna jana jevo banI jAya ane tenAmAM aciMtyaracanAvALuM jagata nirmANa karavAnuM sAmarthya rahe nahi. Izvarane mukta (kalezAdirahita) mAnavAthI tenAmAM abhimAna tema ja rAgAdino abhAva ja thAya ane Avo Izvara paNa jagatano rtA banI na zakejo Izvara na ja hoya to zrutismRtimAM te sarvA che, sarvakartA che evAM je vAkyo Ave che teno zo artha ghaTAvazo? AvAM vAkyo siddhapurUSone uddezIne che, nitya Izvarane uddezIne nathI. A siddhapuruSothI pratilIna jIvo sUcavAya che. pUrvasargamAM prakRtinI upAsanA karavAthI je puruSo prakRtimAM lIna thayelA hoya che te puruSo punaH navA sarganA AdikALamAM sarva vastuone yathAyogya jANanAra ane sarva padArthone karavAnuM sAmarthya dharAvanArA Adi puruSo thAya che, arthAt navA sargamAM mahAsiddha thAya che. AvA anitya Izvarane sAMkhyo mAne che. paraMtu nitya Izvarane sAMkhyo mAnatA nathI. ajJa ane acetana dUdhamAMthI dahIM niyata krame ja thAya che; bIjamAMthI yogya krame ja aMkura, prakAMDa, zAkhA, prazAkhA, patra, puSpa, phaLa uddabhave che. koI paNa puruSanA prayatna vinA te dUdha ane bIjA svabhAvathI ja niyata krame dahIM ane aMkurAdimAM pariName che-mAtra dUdhane azlarasanA saMyoganI ane bIjane pANI vagerenA saMyoganI apekSA che. tevI ja rIte prakRtimAMthI mahatu vagere tattvonI utpatti niyata kramamAM prakRtinA potAnA svabhAvathI ja thAya che-mAtra temanI sRSTinA prAraMbha mATe prakRtine dharmAdharmaviziSTa puruSonI sannidhinI ja mAtra apekSA rahe che. jeo Izvarane sRSTikAryamAM prakRtinA preraka adhiSThAtA mAne che temane paNa kahevuM paDe che ke Izvara rmonI upekSA karI potAnA sAmarthyathI phaLa ApI zakto nathI. eTale, karmo jamAnavAM joIe je potapotAnA svarUpAnusAra ApameLe niyatakame phaLe che. vadhArAno Izvara mAnavAnI jarUra ja nathI. adhiSThAtAnI pravRtti mtamAM svArtha prerita yA rAgaprerita hoya che ane Izvara to pUrNakAma ane vItarAga ja hoI zake eTale tevo Izvara adhiSThAtA che-sRSTirtA che evuM mAnavuM ayogya che." sAMkhyasutra paranA potAnA sAMkhyapravacanabhAgamAM vijJAnabhikSue sAMkhyadarzanamAM nUtana IzvaravicAra dAkhala karavA prayatna karyo che. A IzvaravicAra vedAntadhArAthI prabhAvita che. te kahe che ke vedAntano pratipAdya viSaya che Izvara. vedAntadarzanamAM sAdhakanI daSTine IzvaranA pUrNa, nitya ane zuddha jagatkartutva tarapha AkarSavAmAM AvI che. paraMtu sAMkhyano jhoka sAdhamAM aizvarya prati vairAgya janmAvavAno che, eTale e daSTie Izvarano pratiSedha sAMkhya kare che. sAMkhya paramArthathI Izvarano pratiSedha karatuM nathI. jo sAMkhyadarzana bhagavAnanA nitya ezvaryane pratiSThita kare to te nitya, nirdoSa, paripUrNa IzvaranA darzana karavA sAdhakanuM citta talase ane sAdhakanA vivekajJAnanA abhyAsamAM khalela paDe. eTale vyAvahArika daSTie ja sAMkhyamAM IzvaraniSedha che. IzvaraniSedha e to sAMkhyadarzanano vyAvahArika upAya mAtra che. Ama nirIzvarasAMkhya kharekhara nirIzvara nathI. tema chatAM sAMkhyamAM IzvaranI svarUpanuM yA astitvanuM pratipAdana na hoI bhikSu bahu ja sAvacetIpUrvaka jaNAve che ke

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 59 citsAmAnya ja Izvara che; sAMkhyamAM IzvaranI mAnyatAnA abhAvane kAraNe "kAraNabrahmarUpa nirguNa puruSa sAmAnya ja svIkAravAmAM Ave che; ahIM 'kAraNabrahma zabdamAMnA 'kAraNa zabdano artha che 'potAnI zaktibhUta prakRtinI upAdhivALuM athavA 'nimittakAraNa rU5. A puruSa sAmAnya svazaktibhUtaprakRtirUpa upAdhine dhAraNa karI jagatanuM nimittakAraNa bane che. A citsAmAnya nitya che. enAthI vizvanA rUpamAM sattva vagere zaktio vikase che. aMzarUpa jIva paNa citisAmAnyano aMza hovAne kAraNe citisAmAnyanI zakti che ane prakRti paNa citisAmAnyanI zakti che. A baMne prakAranI zaktionA vikAsanuM nimittakAraNa IzvarasthAnIya sAmAnyaciti ja che." Ama bhikSue sAMkhyamAM vedAnta paraMparAmAM prApta IzvaranI vibhAvanAno praveza karAvavA yatna ryo che. paraMtu sAMkhyadarzana puruSothI ane prakRtithI upara eka parama tattva brahma mAnatuM nathI. citisAmAnyanA rUpamAM brahma ja che. sAMkhya tene kevaLa kalpanA kaheze. ApaNe joyuM tema, sAMkhyadarzana siddhapurUSone Izvara gaNe che paraMtu te anitya Izvara che. teo Izvara che kAraNa temanAmAM sarvajJatva Adi ezvaryA che. jo siddhapuruSone Izvara tarIke svIkArAtA hoya to jIvanmukta upadeSTAne sutarAM Izvara tarIke sthApavAmAM sAMkhyane koI virodha na hoya. jIvanmukta upadekhAne paNa anitya Izvara gaNAya kAraNa ke te paNa sAdhanA dvArA jIvanmukta banyo che, pahelAM baddha hato have mukta banyo che; e arthamAM pahelAM Izvarana hato, haveIzvara banyo che. jIvanmukta upadeNAsarvajJatva AdiaizvaryathIyukta che, temane have punarjanma nathI, temanobhavAnathayo che, temokSamArganA pradarzaka banIbhUtAnugraha kare che. Ama jIvanmukta upadeSTAne Izvara tarIke svIkAravAmAM sAMkhyane koI vAMdho na hoI zake. siddhapuruSa karatAM jIvanmukta upadeSTA aneka rIte aneka gaNA caDiyAtA che. jo siddhapuruSone Izvaro kahevAya to jIvanmukta upadeSTAoneto paramezvaro kahevA joIe. jIvanmukta upadeSTA jagakartA niyamukta nathI. jagatkartA nityamukta IzvaranA astitvano sAMkhyadharamULathI pratiSedha kare che. jIvanmukta upadekhAne ja yogasUtrakAra pataMjali Izvara gaNe che e ame nIce darzAvIzuM. yogadarzanamAM Izvara pataMjalinA yogasUtramAM Izvara vize traNa sUtro che. temane ApaNe samajavAno prayatna karIzuM. uttarakAlIna TIkAkAroe temanA kALanA vicAraprabhAvathI prerAI temanI ApelI samajUtIne bAjue rAkhI pataMjalie pote ja rajU karelI vibhAvanAono ja upayoga karIne temane samajavA prayatna karIzuM. te sutrone eka pachI eka laIe. (1) kleiza-karma-viparirIkRSTa puSavizeSaH phaMthI 2.24 kuleza, karma, vipAka ane AzayathI aspaSTa viziSTa puruSa Izvara che. pataMjalinA anya sUtromAM prApta vibhAvanAone AdhAre ame A sUtrane samajAvIe chIe.

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna pataMjali ApaNane jaNAve che ke saMprajJAta yoganI sAdhanA daramyAna jo sAdhaka kazAnI (koI siddhinI) icchAna kare to te avazya apratipAtI ane pUrNa vivekakhyAti pAme che, ane ene pariNAme dharmameghasamAdhino tene lAbha thAya che. vadhArAmAM te kahe che ke dharmameghasamAdhinI prApti thatAM ja lezo ane karmono nAza thAya che. AmAMthI spaSTapaNe phalita thAya che ke je vivekI dharmameghasamAdhi pAme che te hameza mATe klezo ane karmothI mukta thaI jAya che. (bhASyakAra vyAsa A vyaktine jIvanmukta kahe che.) pataMjalie asaMdigdhapaNe kahyuM che ke karbhAzayanuM mULakAraNa (root-cause) lezo che. vadhumAM te kahe che ke jyAM sudhI mULanuM (eTale ke lezonuM) astitva che tyAM sudhI vipAka che. A be vidhAnomAMthI spaSTa tAraNa e nIkaLe che ke klezonA abhAvamAM karbhAzaya ane vipAka hoI zake nahi. dharmameghasamAdhi prApta thatAM vivekI lezo ane karmomAMthI mukta thAya che, ane lezomAMthI mukta thatAM ja te vipAka ane AzayamAMthI paNa mukta thAya che. A badhAmAMthI svAbhAvikapaNe ja phalita thAya che ke je vivekIe dharmameghasamAdhi prApta karI che te kleza, karma, vipAka ane AzayathI aspaSTa che. ane tethI tene ucitapaNe ja viziSTa puruSa gaNI zakAya, kahI zakAya. 'Izvara' padathI pataMjaline A vivekI abhipreta che. (2) have pachInuM sUtra che - tatra niratizayaM sarvajJabIjam / 1.25 tyAM (= IzvaramAM) sarvazatAnA bIjabhUta (= kAraNabhUta) niratizaya arthAt ananta jJAna che. je vidvAno anantajJAnano sarvajJajJAna sAthe khoTI rIte abheda kare che temanAmAM anantajJAna ane sarvajJAna bAbate ghaNo gUMcavADo ane gerasamaja rahelAM jaNAya che. A gUMcavADAne ane gerasamajane dUra karatuM hovAthI A sUtra mahattvanuM che. te sUcave che ke anantajJAna ane sarvajJAnano abheda nathI, te baMne eka nathI. anantajJAna ane sarvajJAnanA bhedanI spaSTa samajaNa prApta karavA temaja prastuta sUtranI pUrepUrI sAcI samajUtI ApavA ApaNe bIjAM sahAyaka sUtro tarapha dhyAna ApavuM paDaze. pataMjali asaMdigdha zabdomAM jaNAve che ke dharmameghasamAdhinI prApti thatAM kaleza ane karmono nAza thavAnI sAthe ja badhAM AvaraNo ane maLo dUra thaI jAya che ane jJAna Ananya prApta kare che. Ama anantajJAna (ke niratizayajJAna) nirAvaraNa jJAna sivAya bIjuM kazuM nathI. je jJAna tenA pUrNa prAkaTayane rokanAra AvaraNo ane maLothI mukta thaI gayuM che te ja anantajJAna che. anantajJAna e sarvajJajJAna nathI. pataMjali kahe che ke dharmameghasamAdhi siddha karanAra vivekInA jJAnanA AnatyanI sarakhAmaNImAM yugapadda eka sAthe saMgRhIta karavAmAM

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 61. AvelA sarva saikAlika zeyo alpa che." jo paristhiti AvI hoya to viSayabhUta zeyonA AdhAre jJAnanA AnatyanI vAta karavI yogya nathI. sarvayone jANe che mATe anantajJAna ananta che ema kahevuM sadaMtara khoTuM chuM. sarva zeyo to alpa che. jJAnanuM Ananya sarva yonI alpatAne AdhAre kevI rIte sthApI zakAya? jJAnanuM Ananya sarva zeyone viSaya karavAne kAraNe nathI. viSayanirapekSa jJAnanuM Ananya che. ApaNe upara je vicAraNA karI temAMthI svAbhAvikapaNe ja phalita thAya che ke jeo ema kahe che ke jJAna anata che kAraNa ke te sarva yone jANe che teo moTI bhUla kare che. vaLI, ApaNo abhyAsa darzAve che ke pataMjali sarvajJAAnane mahattva ApavA mAgatA ja nathI. ApaNe joIzuM tema, teo anaMtajJAnane prApta karanAra vivekIne AvI maLatI kevaLa eka siddhirUpa ja sarvajJajJAnane gaNe che. ane ApaNe sau siddhio taraphanA pataMjalinA valaNane jANIe ja chIe. - dharmameghasamAdhi vivekajJAnanI pUrNatAnI darzaka che. tethI, pUrNa vivekajJAnane anantajJAnathI abhinna gaNI zakAya. jyAre badhAM AvaraNo ane maLo dUra thaI jAya che tyAre vivekajJAna ApoApa pUrNatA pAme che ane jyAre vijJAna pUrNatAe pahoMcyuM hoya che tyAre badhAM AvaraNo ane maLo dUra thaI gayA hoya che. Ano artha e ke (pUrNa) vivekAna anantajJAna sivAya bIjuM kaMI nathI. Ama sarvajJAnanuM kAraNa (bIja) niratizayajJAna (= anantajJAna) che ema kahevuM e sarvajJAna vivekaja che e kahevA barAbara che. sarvajJAnanuM bIjuM nAma tArakajJAna che. ane pataMjali spaSTapaNe jaNAve che ke tArakajJAna vivekaja che. temaNe tArakajJAnane siddhionA nirUpaNamAM ja sthAna ApyuM hoI e taddana spaSTa thaI jAya che ke te kevaLa eka siddhirUpa ja che. anantajJAnane (vivekajJAnane) sarvajJajJAnanA bIjarUpa (kAraNarU5) kema gaNavAmAM AvyuM che ? e mATe ucita tarka che. pataMjali sUcavavA mAge che ke anantajJAna prApta thatAM ApoApa ja sarvajJajJAna thatuM nathI. anantajJAna prApta thatAM sAdhaka sarvane jANavAnI zakti (labdhi) prApta kare che, paraMtu te vAstavamAM te badhAne jANato nathI. te badhAne jANe che tyAre ane to ja, jyAre ane jo te kSaNa ane kSaNakrama upara saMyama (= dhAraNA, dhyAna ane samAdhi traNe) kare. Ano artha e ke sarvane jANavAnI prApta zakti amuka khAsa zaratane adhIna ja vyApArAnvita bane che. jo jJAna ananta banatAM ja ApoApa sarvajJa banI jatuM hoya to anantajJAnane sarvajJajJAnanuM kAraNa (bIja) na gamyuM hota; e paristhitimAM to tene sarvajJAAnathI abhinna ja gaNavAmAM AvyuM hota. paraMtu jJAna ananta banatAM ApoApa sarvajJa banI jatuM na hoI anantajJAnane sarvazajJAnanuM kAraNa (bIja) gaNavAmAM AvyuM che.

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62 bhAratIya tatvajJAna dharmameghasamAdhi prApta thatAM ja badhAM klezo ane karmo saMpUrNa nAza pAme che, ane klezo ane karmono nAza thatAM ja jJAna ananta bane che kAraNa ke badhAM AvaraNo ane maLono nAza thaI cUkyo che. klezo ane karmo ja AvaraNo ane maLo che. je sAdhake A anantajJAna prApta kyuM che te badhuM jANavAnI zakti pAme che paraMtu A zakti to ja vyApAra kare che jo te sAdhaka eka khAsa prakArano saMyama kare. A samagra carcA sUcave che ke je vivekIne dharmameghasamAdhino lAbha thayo che te Izvara che; ane tene ja prastuta sUtramAM varNavavAmAM Avyo che. Ama Izvara anivAryapaNe sarvajJA nathI. te tyAre ja sarvajJa bane che jyAre te pelo saMyama kare che. bIjA zabdomAM, tene sarva jANavAnI zakti (labdhi) hoya che, paraMtu te zakti amuka zaratonuM pAlana karavAmAM Ave to ja kArya kare che. sarvane jANavAnI zakti e siddhi che je anantajJAnanI prAptinuM pariNAma che. Ama te niyatapaNe anantajJAna dharAve che paNa niyatapaNe sarvajJAna dharAvato nathI. (ahIM e noMdhIe ke sUtrakAra ane bhAgakAra kevalya pUrve sarvajJatvanI prAptine anivArya gaNatA nathI. bhASyakAra spaSTa zabdomAM jaNAve che ke vivekI vivekaja tArakajJAna (sarvajJatva) prApta kare ke na kare to paNa te kevalya pAme ja che.) (3) pachInuM sUtra che - pUrveSAmapi guruH kAlenAnavacchedAt / 1.26 te (= Izvara) potAnAthI uMmaramAM moTI vyaktiono paNa guru che kAraNa ke te kALathI maryAdIkRta nathI, kALanA baMdhanathI mukta thaI gayo che, kALathI para thaI gayo che. (ga) gurupadathI ahIM IzvaranuM upadeSTA tarIkenuM mahattvanuM kArya sUcavAyuM che (4) "pUrveSAmapi gu: e padAvali ApaNane zaMkarAcAryakRta gaNAtA dakSiNAmUrtistotranA pelA zlokanI yAda devaDAve che. vitra vatarmune vRddha ziSyo gurjuvA' ityAdi. A vicAra vaidika, bauddha ane jaina paraMparAmAM sarvasAdhAraNa che. (4) e kyA guNo che je ene vRddhonA AdhyAtmika guru banavA lAyaka banAve che? Ano uttara bAkInA sUtrakhaMDamAMthI maLI rahe che. te sUtrakhaMDa che- vAsnenAnavajIvAtuM. "vAjonAnavajetAtu" dvArA sUcavavAmAM Avela vicArane bIjA sUtranI sahAyathI samajavA yatna karIe. pataMjali jaNAve che ke dharmameghasamAdhi prApta thatAM ja je sAdhakanA lezo ane karmo nAza pAmyAM che ane pariNAme je jJAnanuM Anatya pAmyo che tenI bAbatamAM guNonA pariNAmakramanI samApti thaI jAya che (gunas come to an end of sequence of change). arthAt, sattva Adi guNo citta, indriyo, zarIra, vagere rUpe pariNamavAnuM baMdha karI de che. tenuM punarjanmanuM cakra baMdha thaI jAya che. tenuM saMsAracakra samApta thaI gayuM che. teno bhavAnta thayo che. te kALathI para thaI gayo che. have te kALathI maryAdI kRta nathI, baddha nathI. te kAlAnavacchinna banI gayo che. Ama ApaNe

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 63 'AtenAnavacheva' nuM 'muLAnAM pariNAma masamAptiH' (4.32) sAthe samIkaraNa karIe chIe. te baMne vastu eka ja che.36 have prastuta sUtrano artha Ama thaze-te (-Izvara) (kleza ane karmono nAza karIne) janma-maraNanA cakrathI upara UThaco hoI (jeo haju janma-maraNanA cakramAM phasAyelA che te) vRddhono paNa AdhyAtmika guru banyo che. upara ApeluM samIkaraNa sUcave che ke pataMjaline mATe kAla e pariNAmama sivAya bIjuM kaMI nathI. tethI jene pariNAmakramano sparza nathI tene kAlano paNa sparza nathI ke kAlathI maryAdIkRta nathI. kAlAnavaccheda athavA pariNAmamasamApti e klezarAhityanuM arthAt vItarAgatAnuM phaLa che. klezarAhitya e parama AdhyAtmikatA sivAya bIjuM kaMI nathI. tethI je parama AdhyAtmikatA pAmyo che te ja vRddhono paNa AdhyAtmika guru banI zake che. kAlAnavaccheda athavA pariNAmamasamApti dvArA sUcita parama AdhyAtmikatA ja vRddhonA paNa AdhyAtmika guru banavA tene lAyaka banAve che. jemaNe pote saMsArasAgara pAra karyo che teo ja bIjAone saMsArasAgara kevI rIte pAra karavo e darzAvI zake, upadezI zake. jemaNe janma-maraNanuM cakra aTakAvI dIdhuM che teo ja bIjAone upadezI zake ke te cakrane aTakAvavA zuM karavuM joIe. tenA sivAya bIjo koI upadezA banI zake nahi. amArA arthaghaTana mujaba pataMjaline mate Izvara dharmameghasamAdhi prApta karI anantajJAna ane sarvane jANavAnI zakti saMpAdana karanAra tema ja punarjanmamAMthI mukta thanAra vivekIthI bhinna nathI. ApaNe joyuM tema, pataMjali anusAra A vivekI klezo, karmo, vipAka ane AzayothI aspRSTa che. Ama pataMjali 'Izvara'padathI te vyaktine jaNAvavA mAge che jene vyAsa jIvanmukta kahe che. ame punaH daDhatApUrvaka jaNAvavA mAMgIe chIe ke pataMjalinA yogasUtrone dhAre AthI vizeSa AgaLa javAno ApaNane prAmANika adhikAra nathI. pataMjali anusAra Izvara na to nityamukta che ke na to jagatkartA che. Izvara to sAdhanAthI klezamukta banelo ane jIvonA uddhAra mATe klezamuktino ane te dvArA duHkhamuktino mArga darzAvanAra, upadezanAra jIvanmukta ja che. 30 have ApaNe yogabhASyakArane anusarI IzvaranuM nirUpaNa karIzuM. kleza vagere kharekhara cittamAM hoya che paraMtu puruSa upara temano Aropa karavAmAM Ave che kAraNa ke te temanAM phaLono bhoktA che. (udAharaNArtha, jaya ane parAjaya kharekhara yoddhAnA thAya che paNa temano Aropa rAjAmAM karavAmAM Ave che, kAraNa ke jaya-parAjayanuM phaLa rAjA bhogave che.) jene AvA bhoga sAthe saMbaMdha nathI te Izvara che. Ama baddha puruSothI Izvarano bheda che. 38 For Private & Persortal Use Only

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14 bhAratIya tattvajJAna kevalya pAmelA ghaNA kevalIo (mukto) che. te baMdhano chedI mukta banyA che. Izvarano baMdhano sAthe bhUtakALamAMya saMbaMdha na hato ane bhaviSyamAM paNa thavAno nathI. kevalIne to pahelAM baMdhana hatuM paraMtu IzvaranI bAbatamAM evuM nathI. "Izvara to sadA mukta che, nityamukta che. Ama kevalathI Izvarano bheda che. Izvarano utkarSa zAzvata che, nitya che. te traNeya kALa sarvajJa che. Ano artha e ke te traNeyakALa prakRSTa sattva arthAt zuddha nirAvaraNa citta dhAraNa kare che. te sarvajJa che tenuM pramANa zuM? zAstra. zAstra pramANa che ema zA uparathI kaho cho? kAraNa ke te sarvaze racelAM che. Ama sarvazanI siddhi zAstrathI ane zAstraprAmANyanI siddhi sarvakatRtvathI mAnatAM to paraspara sApekSatA ane anyonyAzrayadoSa nahi Ave? ahIM anyonyAzraya doSarUpa nathI kAraNa ke zAstra ane sarvajJatva vacceno saMbaMdha anAdi che. aMkura ane bIja vacceno anyonyAzraya ke parasparasApekSatA doSarUpa nathI kAraNa ke te anAdi che." - IzvaranuM aizvarya anupama che, tAratamyarahita che. bIjAnuM ezvarya tenAthI caDhiyAtuM nathI. je ezvarya bIjA badhAnA ezvaryathI caDhiyAtuM che te ezvarya ja IzvaranuM che. tethI aizvaryanI parAkASTA jyAM che te Izvara che. tenA aizvarya jevuM bIjuM aizvarya nathI."kema? jo be aizvarya tulya hoya to eka vastunI bAbatamAM eka "A navuM thAo" ane bIjuM A purANuM thAo ema eka sAthe parasparavirodhI vastuo icchatAM ekanI icchA pAra paDe ane bIjAnI pAra paDe nahi; Ane pariNAme bIjA ezvaryane UtaratuM gaNavuM paDe ane to pachI be aizvarya tulya kyAM rahyAM? tethI jenuM aizvarya anupama ane taratamabhAvarahita che te Izvara che. A uparathI phalita thAya che ke Izvara eka ja che. A jagatamAM eka vyaktine amuka jJAna hoya che, bIjIne vadhAre hoya che, trIjIne tethIya vadhu hoya che. Ama, jagatamAM jJAnanuM ochAvadhatApaNuM jaNAya che. AvuM jJAna - taratamabhAvavALuM jJAna - sarvajJatAnuM bIja (=kAraNa= jJApaka kAraNa) che, kAraNa ke jyAM taratamatA hoya tyAM parAkASThA paNa hoya ja, taratamatA parAkASThAne siddha kare che. jJAna vadhatuM vadhatuM je vyaktimAM parAkASThAne pAme che te vyakti sarvajJa kahevAya che. Izvara sarvajJa che. sarvajJa Izvarane potAno koI svArtha sAdhavAno nathI. tenuM prayojana bhUtAnugraha yA jIvono uddhAra che. jJAna ane dharmano upadeza karIne saMsArI puruSono huM uddhAra karIza evo sarvajJa Izvarano saMkalpa hoya che." pahelAMnA guruo kAlaviziSTa che. jenI pAse avacchedaka yA vizeSaka tarIke kAla Avato nathI te Izvara pahelAMnA kAlaviziSTa guruono paNa guru che." Ama bhASyakAre Izvarane nityamukta ane pariNAme lokottara banAvI dIdho. ane prakRSTa aizvaryane AdhAre tene eka ja mAnyo. kevalI (mukta)thI Izvarano bheda karavA Izvarane

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara niyamukta banAvavAnI jarUra nathI, kAraNa ke bIjI rIte teno bheda svIkRta ja che. kevalIne citta ja hotuM nathI, to prakRSTa citta (sattva) kyAMthI hoya ane tadAdhArita prakRSTa aizvarya paNa kyAMthI hoya ? jyAre A badhuM IzvaramAM che. ekathI vadhu vyaktiomAM zuddha nirAvaraNa prakRSTa citta saMbhave che, to pachI ethI vadhu vyaktiomAM prakRSTa ezvarya kema na saMbhave? prAkRSTa aizvarya IzvaranI anekatAnuM virodhI nathI. A badhuM chatAM bhAgyakAre Izvarane jagaphtatva bacyuM nathI. vaLI bhAkhyakArI anusAra tenI pravRtti jJAnadharmano upadeza ApI jIvono uddhAra karavA arthe ja che. Ama bhASyakAranA mate paNa mokSamArgopadeSThatva ja tenuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa che. - yogadarzananA IzvaranA prazna bAbate tattvazAradIkAra vAcaspati ane vArtikakAra vijJAnabhikSu bhASyakAra vyAsathI keTalA AgaLavadhe che teno vicAra have karIe. bhASyAre jaNAvyuM che ke IzvaranA zAzvatika utkarSanuM kAraNa che prakRSTa sattva (citta). Ama hoya to IzvaranI sAthe yukta prakRNa sattvarUpa citta traNeya kALe hovuM joIe. paraMtu Ama mAnavAmAM vAcaspatine muzkelI jaNAya che. eTale te pralayakALe IzvaranA cittane prakRtimAM laya pAmatuM mAne che. to pachI sRSTinI zarUAtamAM te pAchuM Izvara sAthe kevI rIte joDAI jAya che? tene Izvara sAthe joDanAra zuM che? pralayanI zarUAtamAM Izvare karelo saMkalpa ke sRSTinI zarUAtamAM huM te cittayukta banuM. A saMkalpanI vAsanA te cittamAM pralaya daramyAna hoya che. A cittagata vAsanA sRSTinI zarUAtamAM jAge che ane pariNAme te citta Izvara sAthe joDAya che. jo cittane koI paNa vakhata prakRtimAM laya pAmatuM na mAnavAmAM Ave to tene prakRtinuM kArya gaNI zakAya nahi ane pariNAme teno prakRtitattvamAM samAveza na thaI zake. tema ja te puruSatattva to nathI ja. Ama te eka svataMtratattva banI jAya. A to yogadarzanane ISTa nathI."vArtikakAra bhikSu vAcaspatithI UlaTo mata dharAve che tema ja vAcaspatinA matanuM khaMDana kare che. te pralayakALeya IzvaranA cittano prakRtimAM laya svIkAratA nathI. jo pralayakALe cittano prakRtimAM laya mAnIe to sRSTinI zarUAtamAM Izvara sAthe teno saMyoga thato mAnavo paDe. paraMtu puruSa ane prakRtinA saMyoganuM kAraNa to avidyA che. eTale vAcaspatino mata svIkAratAM IzvaramAM avidyAnI Apatti Ave. yogadarzana IzvaramAM avidyA vagere lezo to mAnatuM ja nathI. vaLI, vAcaspati IzvaracittamAM vAsanA(saMskAra) mAnI tenA Izvara sAthenA punaH joDANane samajAve che te paNa barAbara nathI kAraNa ke IzvaracittamAM kleza, karma ane vipAkanI sAthe Azayano(vAsanAno) paNa niSedha yogadarzane ryo che." vAcaspatie to karmaphalavyavasthAnuM kAma paNa yoganA Izvarane soMpyuM hoya tema jaNAya che. te Izvarane karmonA adhiSThAtA tarIke svIkAre che. karmonA adhiSThAtA tarIke Izvara zuM kare che? svakarmanuM yogya phaLa jIvane maLe eTalA mATe te prakriyAmAM je aMtarAyo

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna hoya te dUra karavAnuM ja kAma Izvara kare che. bhikSu paNa A vAta svIkAratA jaNAya che. uparAMta, bhikSu jaNAve che ke Izvarane bIjAnAM duHkho dUra karavAnI utkaTa icchA hovA chatAM tene jIvonI yogyatA yA karmone gaNatarImAM levAM paDe che." vAcaspatie yogadarzananA Izvarane jagatanuM sarjana ane saMhAra karato kapyo che. A bAbatamAM bhikSu vAcaspati sAthe sahamata che. ahIM bhikSu vAcaspatine jaNAve che ke prakRtimAM kSobha (sAmyavasthAbhaMga) IzvarecchAthI thAya che eTale sRSTinI zarUAta pahelAM paNa arthAt pralayamAM paNa Izvara prakRSTa sattvathI (cittathI) yukta hoya che ema mAnavuM ja joIe. ahIM prazna thAya che ke IzvarecchAthI prakRtinuM sarjana mAnatAM prakRtinuM svAta...kema rahe ? Ano uttara vAcaspati ane bhikSu e Ape che ke IzvarecchAthI to prakRtimAMthI jagatanA sarjane ADe je antarAyo hoya che te kevaLa dUra thAya che. A antarAyo dUra thatAM ja prakRtinI sAmyavasthAno bhaMga thAya che arthAt kSobha thAya che. Ama Izvara prakRtimAMthI jagatanI utpattimAM mAtra nimittakAraNa che, prayojakakAraNa nathI. kAryajananazakti (jagatasarjanazakti) prakRtimAM svAbhAvika che, Izvara to te zaktino uddabodhaka che.55 vArtikakAra bhikSue yogadarzananA IzvaranI carcA karatI veLAe Izvara ane jIva vaccenA saMbaMdhanI paNa carcA karI che. temanA mate te baMne vacce aMza-aMzIbhAvano saMbaMdha che. e saMbaMdhane samajAvavA te agni ane tenA taNakhAnuM daSTAnta Ape che. vaLI, te jaNAve che ke aMza ane aMzI vacce bhedAbhedano saMbaMdha hoya che eTale jIva ane Izvara vacce paNa bhedAbhedano saMbaMdha che. vAcaspati ane bhikSue temanA kALanA vicAraprabhAva taLe ane anukrame uttarakAlIna nyAya-vaizeSika vicAradhArA ane vedAnta vicAradhArAnA prabhAva nIce Izvarane jagatkartA, karmaphaLadAtA ane jIvarUpa aMzanA aMzIrUpa banAvI dIdho. IzvaranA A lakSaNo to vyAsanA yogabhASyamAM paNa nathI. - I.sa. AThamI zatAbdImAM bauddhAcAryazAntarakSite racelA tattvasaMgrahamAM sezvara sAMkhya arthAtu yogadarzanane mAnya manAyelA evA prakRti-puruSobhayahetuvAda(jagaphtatvavAda)nuM khaMDana maLe che. tenuM nirUpaNa karavuM yogya jaNAya che. te nIce pramANe che. yogadarzanano jagatano ubhayakAraNatAvAda tarIke oLakhAto siddhAnta Avo che. prakRti ane Izvara baMne jagatanuM kAraNa che. prakRti upAdAnakAraNa che ane Izvara adhiSThAtRkAraNa che. upAdhanAbhUta prakRti acetana che. te ekalI koI cetanathI adhiSThita thayA vinAjagatanuM nirmANa karI zakatI nathI. Izvara paNa ekalo acetana upAdAnanI sahAyatA vinA jagatanuM nirmANa karI nathI zakto. paraMtu baMne paraspara ekabIjAne sahAya karIne jagatanuM nirmANa kare che. zAntarakSita jaNAve che ke paraspara sahakAritA be rIte ja hoI zake che-ekabIjAmAM atizayanuM AdhAna karIne ke sAthe maLI eka kAryanuM saMpAdana karIne. pahelo vikalpa

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara saMbhavato nathI. Izvara ane prakRti baMne nityatattvo che. emanAmAM vikAra kadI paNa utpanna thaI zake ja nahi. tethI baMnemAM paraspara atizayanuM AdhAna asaMbhava che. bIjo vikalpa paNa ghaTato nathI. baMne nitya tattvo che. tethI baMne sAthe maLI eka kAryanuM saMpAdana kare che ema mAnatAM badhAM kAryonI utpatti eka kALamAM ja arthAt yugapatuM thaI jaze, kAraNa ke kAraNa hotAM kArya avazya thAya che. prakRti ane Izvara bane nitya hoI sadA kAraNarUpe upasthita ja che. emAM koI pratibadha kadIdekhAto nathI. paraMtu te baMne sarvakALe vidyamAna ja che. tethI eka ja kALamAM badhAM kAryone teo avazya utpanna karaze. A uparathI e spaSTarUpathI phalita thAya che ke uparyukta baMne vikalpo doSAviSTa hoI Izvara ane prakRtinI paraspara sahakAritA koI rIte saMbhavatI nathI. Ama yogadarzanano prakRti-Izvara ubhayakAraNatAvAda khaMDita thaI jAya che. sezvarasAMkhyavAdI AnI sAme jaNAve che ke upAdAnabhUta prakRtinA svabhAvagata traNa dravyarU5 guNo che - sattva, rajas ane tamas. jyAre rajas ubhUta thAya che tyAre tenI sAthe joDAI Izvara sargano hetu bane che arthAt sRSTi utpanna kare che, kAraNa ke rajas pravRttizIla che. jyAre sattva uddabhUta thAya che tyAre tenI sAthe joDAI Izvara sarganI sthitino hetu bane che arthAt sRSTinI rakSA kare che, kAraNa ke sattva sthitizIla che. ane jyAre tamar udbhUta thAya che tyAre tenI sAthe joDAI Izvara sarvasRSTinA pralayanuM kAraNa bane che arthAt samagra jagatano pralaya kare che, kAraNa ke tamas avarNasmaka che. Ama prakRti ane Izvara kamathI ja sarjana, sthiti ane saMhArarUpa kAryo kare che. prakRti ane Izvara sAthe maLI sarjana kare che, pachI sthiti kare che ane pachI saMhAra kare che. Ama sAthe maLI eka kArya karavA rUpa paraspara sahakAritA emanAmAM ghaTe che.* ahIM zAntarakSita pUche che ke prakRti-IzvaranuM joDuM jyAre eka kArya (sarjana) kare che tyAre tenAmAM bIjAM kAryo( sthitisaMhAra) karavAnuM sAmarthya hoya che ke nahi? jo hoya, to bIjAM be kAryo paNa tyAre ja kare. samartha kAlakSepana kare. Ama eka kArya hotAM bAkInAM bIjAM be kAryo paNa te ja vakhate hovAnI Apatti Ave. A rIte, sRSTinI utpattinA samaye ja tenI sthiti ane saMhAra paNa thaze. tathA sarva jagatanA saMhAra vakhate ja jagatanI utpatti ane sthiti paNa thaze, tema ja sRSTinA sthitikALe ja sRSTinI utpatti sAthe ja sRSTino nAza paNa thaze. AnuM kAraNa e ke samartha kAraNa hotAM kArya avazya thAya che. sRSTino saMhAra karavA samartha evuM prakRti-IzvaranuM joDuM sRSTinA sarjana samaye vidyamAna ja che, to pachI te ja samaye sRSTino saMhAra kema na thAya? sezvarasAMga (yogadarzana) khulAso karatAM kahe che ke prakRti-IzvaranuM joDuM jyAre jagatanuM sarjana kare che tyAre ja tenAM sthiti-nAza karatuM nathI kAraNa ke sthiti-nAza mATe te joDAne rUpAntaranI apekSA che.

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna AnI sAme zAntarakSita be vikalpo upasthita kare che - zuM prakRti-IzvaranuM joDuM jagatanI utpatti, sthiti ane saMhAranuM kAraNa banavAmAM potAnAthI bhinna koI vastunI (= pararUpanI) apekSA rAkhe che ke svarUpathI ja te jagatanAM utpatti, sthiti ane saMhAranuM kAraNa bane che? prathama vikalpa saMbhavato nathI. prakRti-IzvaranA joDAthI bhinna je vastunI apekSA haze te paNa te be prakRti-IzvaranI jema pramukha banI jaze. pariNAme ubhayakAraNatAvAdane badale apekSita anya vastu(pararUpa)ne laIne tritayakAraNavAdarUpa siddhAnta sthApita thaze. phalataH A vikalpamAM siddhAntavyAghAtadoSa che. bIjo vikalpa paNa ghaTato nathI. Izvara ane prakRti svarUpataH nitya che, tathA sadA kArya karavAnA svabhAvavALA ja che. tethI jagatanI utpatti mATeno vyApAra karatA hoya tyAre jagatanAM sthiti ane nAza mATeno vyApAra karavAmAMthI prakRti-Izvara ubhaya kevI rIte viramI zake? - have sezvarasAMkhya (yogadarzana) prakRti-IzvaranuM joDuM eka kArya (sarjana) kare che tyAre tenAmAM bIjAM be kAryo (sthiti-saMhAra) karavAnuM paNa sAmarthya hoya che e vikalpa choDI bIjo vikalpa svIkAre che ke te jovuM eka kArya kare che tyAre tenAmAM bIjAM be kAryo karavAnuM sAmarthya hotuM nathI. te kahe che ke jyAre prakRti-IzvaranuM joDuM sRSTinuM sarjana kare che tyAre tenAmAM sRSTinI sthiti ke saMhAra karavAnuM sAmarthya hotuM nathI. tethI sRSTinI utpattinA samaye ja sRSTinA saMhAranI tathA sRSTinA nAzanA samaye ja sRSTinI utpattinI ApattinuM nirAkaraNa thaI jAya che. zAntarakSita jaNAve che ke sRSTine utpanna karatI vakhate prakRti-IzvaranuM joDuM sRSTinA sthApaka tathA saMhAraka sAmarthyathI rahita hoya to sRSTinI sthiti tathA nAza kadI saMbhavaze nahi, kAraNake nitya svabhAvavALA te jaDAnuM te asAmarthya sadA raheze, jema sAmarthyarahita AkAzakusuma kAryasaMpAdana kadI karatuM nathI tema sthApaka-nAzaka sAmarthyathI rahita prakRtiIzvaranuM joDuM paNa sRSTinAM sthiti ane saMhAra kadIya karI zakaze nahi. sezvarasAMkhya potAnA bacAvamAM kahe che ke prakRti-IzvaranA joDAmAM sarjana karavAnI zakti, sthiti karavAnI zakti ane saMhAra karavAnI zakti sadA hoya che paraMtu prakRtimAM jyAre te te zakti utkaTa rUpa dhAraNa kare che tyAre te te utkaTa zaktinI sAthe joDAI Izvara sarjana, sthiti ane saMhAra te te samaye kamathI kare che. sarvadA traNe zaktinI utkaTatA prakRtimAM hotI nathI. - zAntarakSita sezvarasAMkhyavAdIne prazna kare che ke prakRtinI zaktinuM utkaTa rUpa nitya ane svataMtra che ke Izvara-prakRti enuM kAraNa che ke pachI anya kAraNothI zaktinI utkaTatAno AvirbhAva thAya che. prathama vikalpa ghaTato nathI. jo zaktinuM utkaTa rUpa nitya ane svatantra hoya to tenuM kArya sadA thayA ja kare. vaLI, zaktinuM utkaTa rUpa sezvara sAMkhyamate nitya ane svatanna svIkArAyuM nathI, kAraNa ke sezvarasAMkhyamatamAM paNa koI zaktinuM utkaTa rUpa thavuM

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69 bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara ane koI zaktinuM anuddabhUta rahevuM kyAreka thAya che ane kyAreka thatuM nathI. Ama niyatAdhika ane kadAcika hovAne kAraNe zaktinuM utkaTa rUpa nitya ane svatanahotAM sakAraNa ja thatuM haze. bIjo vikalpa paNa saMbhavato nathI. prakRti ane Izvara baMne nitya che ane te baMnene zaktinA utkaTa rUpanuM kAraNa mAnatAM kAraNa anavarata sadA upasthita rahetuM hovAthI kArya arthAt zaktinuM utkaTa rUpa paNa anavarata sadA thatuM ja rahe. pariNAme pUrvokta traNe zaktionA utkaTa rUponuM yogapadya AvI paDe ane chevaTe jagatanAM sarga-sthitisaMhAranuM paNa yogapadya AvI paDe. prakRti-Izvara ubhayakAraNavAdI sezvarasAMkhya svasiddhAntanI rakSA kAje trIjo vikalpa to svIkArI ja na zake. prakRti ane IzvarathI anya tattvane zaktinI utkaTatA utpanna karanAruM kAraNa mAnatAM prakRti ane Izvara uparAMta trIjuM mULatattva sezvarasAMkhe svIkAravuM paDe, je tene ISTa nathI. uparAMta, zaktinuM utkaTa rUpa pote ja potAne utpanna kare che (svataH utpatti) ema mAnatAM zaktinuM utkaTa rU5 ahetuka banI jAya tema ja tema mAnavAmAM eka ja kriyAmAM kartA ane karma baMne eka hovAnI Apatti Ave (katRkarmavirodhadoSa Ave) game teTalI dhAradAra charI hoya paNa te pote potAne kApI na zake. jo zaktinuM utkaTa rUpa potAnI utpatti mATe bIjAnI apekSA rAkhe che ema mAno to te utkaTa rUpakAdAcika banI jAya ane tenuM kAraNa nitya prakRti-Izvara na ja hoya ane prakRti-IzvarathI anya kAraNa mAnavuM iSTa nathI. nyAyazeSikadarzanamAM IzvaranI vibhAvanA (1) zuM kaNAda Izvara(God)nA astitvamAM mAne che ? kaNAdanAM sUtromAM Izvarano spaSTa ullekha nathI. tethI sAMkhyakArikA paranI yuktidIpikATIkAnA kartA (I.sa.nI chaThThI sAtamI zatAbdI) spaSTapaNe jaNAve che ke sUtrakAra kaNAdanA mate IzvaranuM astitva nathI. vaLI, vaizeSikasUtro Izvarane svIkAratA nathI e hakIkatane vistArathI puravAra karI te jaNAve che ke pAzupata bhaktoe pAchaLathI vizeSikadanamAM IzvaranI vibhAvanAne dAkhala karI che. bhAratIya darzanonA Adhunika vidvAna gALuM mAne che ke vaizeSikasUtro mULe Izvarane svIkAratA nathI. paraMtu uttarakAlIna nyAyavazeSikadarzanamAM IzvaranuM je mahattvanuM sthAna che tene daSTimAM rAkhI saMskRta TIkAkAro vaizeSikasUtromAM IzvaranA astitvano garbhita svIkAra zodhavAno khoTo prayAsa kare che. nIcenAM prAraMbhanAM be sUtro loH yata yuniyasiddhiH sa dha aa tavanAt mAnayistha prAmAkhyam vai.pU. 1..2-3. A be sUtrono sIdho ane spaSTa artha che-"jenA vaDe abhyadaya ane niHzreyasa siddha thAya che te dharma che. veda dharmanuM pratipAdana karato hovAthI pramANa che. paraMtu TIkAkAroe tavanA" no artha ryo che-"mahezvaranuM vacana hovAthI.' paraMtu A arthaghaTana barAbara lAgatuM nathI. A aMge prA. esa. ena. dAsaguptAnuM nirIkSaNa A pramANe che : "The Sutra tadvacanad amnayasya pramanyam' has

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna been explained by Upaskara as meaning 'The Veda being the Word of Isvara (God) must be regarded as valid', but since there is no mention of Isvara anywhere in the text this is simply reading the later Nyaya ideas into the Vaisesika.''9deg prAdhyApaka erica phAuvalgara to upalabdha vizeSikasUtranAM prathama cAra sUtrone prakSisa gaNe che ane prazastapAThanA padArthadharmasaMgrahanA (I.sa. chaThThI zatAbdI) AraMbhane anusarI lakhAyAM ane umerAyAM hoya ema temanuM mAnavuM che. temane sthAne maulika prAraMbhika sUtro judAM hatAM, jemano punaruddhAra udayananI kiraNAvali ane jena haribhadranI nyAyapraverAvRttine AdhAre A prAdhyApake karyo che. A maulika sUtromAM to evuM kazuM ja nathI jene AdhAre jarA paNa IzvaranuM sUcana maLe." bIjuM eka sUtra che jyAM TIkAkAro khoTI rIte Izvara(God)no garbhita nirdeza zodhavAno prayAsa kare che. te sUtra che : saMjJA vakriziSTanAM nim' (2.7.68). A sUtramAM AvelA 'maNinAmu" no artha TIkAkAro maraca' evo kare che. upaskAra anusAra A sUtrano artha che-"nAma ane kArya IzvaranA astitvane puravAra karanAra liMga che." kevI rIte nAma tema ja kArya IzvaranA astitvanAM liMgo bane che te samajAve che. pRthvI vagereno koI kartA hovo joIe kAraNa ke te ghaTanI jema kArya che. upaskAra anusAra A sUtra IzvaranA astitvane puravAra karanAra be hetuo Ape che. upaskAranA A arthaghaTananI TIkA karatA dAsaguptA lakhe che : "Upaskara's interpretation seems to be farfetched. He wants to twist it into an argument for the existence of God," dAsaguptA anusAra sUtrano artha A YHLSTEN : "The existence of others different from us (asmadvisistanam) has to be admitted for accounting for the giving of names to things (sanjnakarma). Because we find that the giving of names is already in usage (and not invented by us)."candrAnanda potAnI vaizeSikasUtranI vRttimAM A sUtrano artha nIce pramANe karyo che - aspatAvInAM satyo bhagavAn vijJAnAdibhirviziSTo mahezvarastadIyaM saMjJApraNayanaM navAnAmeva dravyAnAM bhAve liGgam, rAmaca saMjJaSnamidhAnItA arthAt mahezvara dvArA nava ja saMjJAnuM praNayana e nava ja dravyonA astitvamAM hetu che. A arthaghaTana paNa ayogya che. hakIkatamAM, 'kriziSTInAmuM' padano artha "ApaNAthI judA" ke "ApaNAthI caDiyAtA" evo thAya prazastapAdabhASyamAM A pada eka sthaLe prayojAyuM che ane tene 'yoginA nA vizeSaNa tarIke ApavAmAM AvyuM che. yuktidIpikAkAra paNa kahe che ke A sUtragata 'kriziSTanAspadathI mAhAbhyazAlI mahApuruSonuM grahaNa karavAnuM che. uttarakAlIna nyAya-vaizeSikono eka mahattvano siddhAnta e che ke paramANuonuM Adya karma (gati) IzvarakArita che. paraMtu kaNAda to kahe che ke paramANuonuM Adya karma adaSTakArita che. jUnA manasAda varmAtRchakavitA (6.2.23). vaLI, uttarakAlIna nyAya-vaizeSikono bIjo mahattvano siddhAnta e che ke vedo IzvarakRta

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara che, paraMtu kaNATha to eTaluM ja jaNAve che ke vedavAkyonI racanA buddhipUrvikA che." ELRIHL GLUED : "It is probable that Kanada believed that the Vedas were written by some persons superior to us (2.1.18, 6.1.1-2) vedanA racayitA sAkSAtkRtadharmA RSio hatA e matane kaNAda paNa svIkAratA hoya ema lAge che. uttarakAlIna nyAyavaizeSikono trIjo mahattvano siddhAnta e che ke Izvara sarva prANIone potAnA karma anusAra phaLa Ape che. kaNAdamAM karmaphaladAtA IzvaranI kalpanA ja nathI. tethI prA. dAsaguptA nIcenA nirNaya upara Ave che- "As there is no reference to Isvara and as adrsta proceeding out of the performance of actions in accordance with Vedic injunctions is made the cause of all atomic movements, we can very well assume that Vaisesika was as atheistic or non-theistic as the later Mimamsa philosophers.'5.240 GLST at hugi atyanta rasaprada thaze ke candramatinA dazapadArthazAstramAM paNa Izvarano svIkAra nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa sAtamI zatAbdImAM udyotakara haju paNa potAnA nyAyavArtikamAM Izvara viruddhanA vaizeSikoe ApelA tarkonuM nirUpaNa kare che." (2) "nyAyasUtrakAra gautamane mate "Izvara'no artha zuM che? prAcInakALe nyAyadarzana IzvaravAdI hatuM ke nahi e vize ghaNA vidvAnone zaMkA che. prA. hiriyaNaNA lakhe che: "Gautama makes only a casual mention of God, and some have doubted whether the Nyaya was originally theistic." gautamanA nyAyasUtramAM Izvara vize traNa sUtro che ane te paNa prAvAdukonI carcAnA prakaraNamAM ja che. A traNa sUtromAM puruSakarma ane tenA phaLanI bAbatamAM IzvaranuM zuM kArya che te darzAvyuM che. prathama be sUtromAM virodhIonA be mato ApI trIjA sUtramAM gautame potAno siddhAnta rajU karyo che. te sUtrone kramazaH samajatAM gautamanI Izvara vizenI mAnyatA taddana spaSTa thaI jaze. Izvara: kAraNaM puruSakarmAphalyadarzanAt / 4.1.19 anuvAda: puruSanAM karmonuM vaiphalya jaNAtuM hoI phaLanuM kAraNa Izvara che. samajUtIH phaLanuM kAraNa karma nathI paNa Izvara che. karma ane phaLa vacce niyata saMbaMdha nathI. phaLakarma upara AdhAra rAkhatuM nathI paNa Izvara upara AdhAra rAkhe che. Ama mAnavuM joIe kAraNa ke karma karavA chatAM ghaNI vAra puruSane tenuM phaLa maLatuM nathI. Izvara ja ApaNane judI judI paristhitiomAM mUke che, te ja ApaNane sukha yA duHkha de che, te ja ApaNane baMdhanamAM rAkhe che ke mukta kare che. A badhuM ApaNAM karmonuM pariNAma nathI paraMtu IzvaranI icchAnuM pariNAma che. ApaNAM karmone e badhAMnI sAthe koI saMbaMdha nathI. karmasiddhAnta khoTo che. IzvarecchA ja sAcI che. vanIyarI vanarIzvarecchA na, puruSakarmAbhAve phalAniSpatteH / 4.1.20

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7 2 bhAratIya tatvajJAna anuvAdaH nA, (Izvara phaLanuM kAraNa nathI, kAraNa ke puruSa karmana kare to phaLa maLatuM nathI. samajUtI : upara nirUpavAmAM Avelo siddhAnta khoTo che, kAraNa ke kharekhara phaLanuM kAraNa karmanahi paNa Izvara hoya to karmana karavA chatAM ApaNane icchita phaLa maLavuM joIe, paraMtu kyAMya karma karyA vinA phaLa maLatuM nathI. cAlyA vinA icchita sthAne pahoMcAtuM nathI, bhikSATana vinA bhikSA maLatI nathI, davA lIdhA vinA roga maTato nathI. jo phaLa karma upara AdhAra na rAkhatuM hoya to karma ryA vinA ja phaLa maLavuM joIe. paraMtu tema thatuM nathI. eTale phaLa Izvara upara nahi paNa karma upara ja AdhAra rAkhe che. IzvaranI koI jarUra nathI. karma karyuM eTale enuM phaLa thavAnuM ja. vaTabIja pRthvI AdinA saMsargamAM AvyuM to vaTavRkSa thavAnuM, emAM koI mAdhyamanI jarUra nathI. kAryakAraNano niyama ja evo che. kAraNa hotAM kArya thAya ja. jhera lo eTale maro ja, pachI jherane potAnuM kArya karavA kazA upara AdhAra rAkhavo paDato nathI. karma karo eTale enuM phaLa maLe ja. AmAM IzvaranI jarUra ja kyAM che? ___ tatkAritatvAdahetuH / 4.1.21 anuvAda karma tema ja phaLa IzvarakArita hovAthI (kamathI) uparanA beya siddhAnta tarkahIna che, khoTA che. samajUtIH A sUtramAM gautama potAno siddhAnta rajU kare che. te nIce pramANe che. uparanA baMne siddhAnto khoTA che. eka karmaphaLanA niyata saMbaMdhane avagaNe che, bIjo Izvarane avagaNe che. kharekhara to karma ane phaLa vacce niyata saMbaMdha che ja. amuka karma karo eTale te potAnuM phaLa Ape che. kRta karmane phaLavA mATe IzvaranI jarUra nathI e vAta sAcI, paraMtu icchita phaLa meLavavA kyuM karma karavuM e jANavuM joIe. A karmanuM A phaLa che e jJAna to te phaLa prApta karavAnI icchA rAkhanArane hovuM ja joIe ne? jhera avazya mArI nAkhe che e vAta sAcI paraMtu maravA icchanArane e jJAna hovuM jarUrI che ke amuka padArtha prANaghAtaka che. te jJAna na hoya to te je padArtha le te tenA prANano ghAta na kare. amuka auSadha lo eTale amuka roga maTe che. te auSadhane potAnuM kAma karavA pachI vaidyanI jarUra nathI. vighanI jarUra to rogInA jJAna mATe che ke te roga mATe teNe kaI davA levI. rogI roga maTADavA icche che, paraMtu te mATe kayuM karma yogya che tenuM tene jJAna nathI. te jJAna tene vaidya Ape che. pachI te jJAnapUrvaka jyAre te karma kare che tyAre tene tenuM icchita phaLa maLe che. eTale icchita phaLa meLavavA mATe te phaLane anurUpakarma kyuM che tenuM jJAna karma karanArane hovuM jarUrI che. A jJAna laukika bAbatomAM to te te viSayanA jANakAra niSNAta Ape che paraMtu rAga Adi doSothI mukta thavA kaI kakSAe karyuM karma karavuM, zI sAdhanA karavI tenuM jJAna to sAdhanA karI rAgAdi doSothI mukta thayela Izvara ja karAvI zake. Ama karma ane tenA phaLa vacce niyata saMbaMdha che, paraMtu te niyata saMbaMdhane jANavA IzvaranI ApaNane jarUra che evo mata phalita thAya che. Izvara kevaLa upadekhA che, mArgadarzaka che, karma-phaLanA niyata saMbaMdhanuM

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- bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara jJAna karAvanAra che. A arthamAM ja te karmakArayitA che. te baLajabarIthI koInI pAse karma . karAvatA nathI. vaidya kevaLa davA batAve che tema chatAM ApaNe kahIe chIe ke vaidya roga maTADaDyo. tevI ja rIte, Izvara paNa rAgAdi rogano IlAja batAve che tema chatAM ApaNe kahIe chIe ke Izvare e roga maTADyo, Izvare phaLa ApyuM, Izvare anugraha ryo. A arthamAM ja Izvara phaLakArayitA yA phaLasaMpAdayitA che. Ama Izvara prANIne icchita phaLa (=mokSa)ne anurUpa karma karyuM tenuM jJAna karAvI tenA prayatnane, tenI sAdhanAne saphaLa banAve che. jo tene te jJAna na karAvavAmAM Ave to tene ISTa phaLanI prApti na thAya te jJAna ApanAra Izvara che. udAharaNArtha, dhUma ane agni vacce kAryakAraNabhAvano niyata saMbaMdha che. paraMtu jyAM sudhI A saMbaMdhanuM jJAna vyaktine nahoya tyAM sudhI te dhUma uparathI agninuM anumAna karI zake. dhUma ane agni vaccenA niyata saMbaMdhanuM jJAna thayA pachI ja te dhUma uparathI agninuM anumAna karI zake che. tevI ja rIte, icchita phaLa meLavavA mATe te phaLa ane anurUpa karma vaccenA niyata saMbaMdhanuM jJAna jarUrI che. A jJAna ApanAra Izvara che. darzanomAM parama iSTa phaLa muktine mAnavAmAM AvyuM che. sau mukti (= duHkhamukti) icche che. e icchita phaLa mATe kyuM karma karavuM joIe, zI sAdhanA karavI joIe, kyA krame karavI joIe enuM jJAna sAdhanA karI duHkhamukta thayela jIvanmukta ja Ape che. jIvanmukta ja mokSamArganA upadeSTA banavAne lAyaka che. navazaiva upakRtvamavat | sAMpravacanamANa rU.71. Ama gautame jIvanmuktane mATe ja 'Izvara' zabdano prayoga karyo jaNAya che. jIvanmukta upadeSTA ja temano Izvara che. * uparanA vyAkhyAnanA prakAzamAM, vAraMvAra uddhata karavAmAM Avela nIcenA zlokano artha ekadama spaSTa thaI jAya che.. ___ Izvaraprerito gacchet svarga vA zvabhrameva vaa| __ ajJo janturanIzo'yamAtmanaH sukhaduHkhayoH / / anuvAda: Izvaraprerita jIva svarge jAya che ke narake jAya che. ajJAnI jIva potAnA sukha ke duHkhano prabhu nathI, niyaMtA nathI. samajUtI IzvarecchA sarvazaktimAna che, ApaNAM sukhaduHkha tenA upara AdhAra rAkhe che, ApaNA prayatna, puruSArtha upara AdhAra rAkhatAM nathI-evA matanA samarthanamAM A zlokane sAmAnya rIte TAMkavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu zlokano kharo artha-Azaya A nathI. teno kharo artha-Azaya to nIce pramANe che. jantanuM vizeSaNa ajJa atyanta mahattvanuM che kAraNa ke te ja zlokanA kharA arthaAzayanI cAvI pUrI pADe che. sukha ane duHkha jIve karelAM karmonAM phaLo che. jo tene sukha joItuM hoya to sukhane pedA karanAra karmo kyAM che te teNe jANavuM joIe. jo tene duHkha joItuM hoya to duHkhane peThA

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- bhAratIya tatvajJAna karanAra karmo kyAM che te teNe jANavuM joIe. paraMtu jIva svayaM pote e jJAna dharAvato nathI ke kayAM karmo sukha pedA karanAra che ane kyAM karmo duHkha pedA karanAra che. tethI mAnavAmAM AvyuM che ke jIva pote potAnAM sukhaduHkhano prabhunathI. AvuM jJAna Izvara ja tene Ape che. Izvara upadeza che ke amuka karmo sukhajanaka che ane amuka karmo duHkhajanaka che. A jJAna tene sukhajanaka karmo karavA prere che, jo te sukha icchato hoya che to; ane duHkhajanaka karmo karavA prere che jo te duHkha icchato hoya che to. Ama A jJAna ApIne te dvArA ja Izvara tene svarge javA ke naraka javA prere che. svargano artha sukha ane narakano artha duHkha samajavAno che. (3) nyAyabhASyakAra vAtsyAyanane mate IzvaranuM svarUpa nyAyabhASyano samaya I.sa.nI pAMcamI zatAbdI manAya che. ApaNe joyuM ke karma-phaLanA niyata saMbaMdhanuM jJAna karAvanAra tarIke Izvarano svIkAra gautame karyo che. te IzvaranuM svarUpa kevuM che enI spaSTatA vAtsyAyane potAnA bhASyamAM (4.1.21) karI che. te nIce pramANe che : | (a) "viziSTamAmAntaramI: tayAmavet vAtanupattiH | gadharmamithyaajnyaan-prmaadhaanyaa dharma-jJAna-samAdhisampadA ca viziSTamAtmAntaramIzvaraH / tasya ca smaadhiphlmnnimaadyssttvidhmaishvrym| samajutI Izvara AtmA ja che. AtmAthI atirikta koI navuM ja dravya nathI. Izvara anya AtmAo jevo ja che, paraMtu anya AtmAo ane tenAmAM bheda eTalo ja che ke anya AtmAomAM je guNo hoya che te ja guNo tenAmAM paNa hoya che paraMtu tenA guNomAM vaiziSTaca che. zuM vaiziSTa che? anya AtmAomAM mithyAjJAna, adharma (=adharmapravRtti, klezayukta pravRtti, rAgadveSapUrvakanI pravRtti) ane pramAda hoya che. Izvare temano nAza karyo hoya che. tethI tenAmAM jJAna (=samyapha jJAna, vivekajJAna), dharma (= dharmarUpa pravRtti, akliSTa pravRtti) ane samAdhirUpa saMpatti hoya che, jyAre anya AtmAomAM te hotAM nathI. tenI aMdara dharma ane samAdhinA phaLarUpa aNimA Adi aizvarya hoya che jyAre anya AtmAomAM te hotuM nathI. Ama anya arthAt saMsArI AtmAothI teno bheda che. vAtsyAyane mukta (= videhamukta) AtmAothI teno bheda kahyo na hovA chatAM spaSTa che. mukta AtmAomAM koI AtmavizeSaguNa hoto nathI jyAre IzvaramAM jJAna, dharma, samAdhi ane aizvarya hoya che. Ama Izvara AtmA hoI saMsArI ane mukta AtmAothI teno jAtibheTha nathI. Izvara, saMsArI ane mukta e traNa judI jAtio nathI paNa eka ja jAti che. jema saMsArI ane mukta AtmA che tema Izvara paNa AtmA ja che. Ama je AtmA potAnA mithyAjJAna, adharma ane pramAdano nAza karI jJAna, dharma ane samAdhi saMpAdana kare che te vAtsyAyanane mate Izvara che. AmAMthI spaSTapaNe phalita thAya che ke Izvara nityamukta nathI. A arthamAM dareka jIvamAM Izvara banavAnI zakyatA

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 75 rahelI che ane Izvaro aneka paNa hoI zake che. A darzAve che ke vAtsyAyanano Izvara vivekI ane klezarahita jIvanmukta ja che. vAtsyAyanabhASyanI A kaMDikAnA saMdarbhamAM prA. ingAlsa (Ingalls) lakhe che.....One will grant that Vatsyayana's remarks are confusing. God has won his divinity through good works he has performed. We must, therefore, suppose that there was a time when he was not God.""" vAtsyAyanakRta A IzvaravarNana prA. ingAlsane gUMcavADAbharyuM lAge che kAraNa ke nyAya-vaizeSikadarzananA uttarakAlIna graMthoe rajU karelI IzvaranI vibhAvanAthI temanuM mana gherAyeluM che tema ja vAtsyAyanabhASyanI nIce ApelI (b), (c), (d) ane (e) kaMDikAonA uttarakAlIna TIkAkAroe ApelA arthaghaTanamAM IzvaranAM rajU thayelAM khIjAM pAsAMo sAthe A varNananI saMgati besatI nathI; paraMtu ApaNe joIzuM tema, A TIkAkAroe uttarakAlIna nyAyavaizeSikonI IzvaravibhAvanAnA prakAzamAM A arthaghaTana mArImacaDIne karyuM che. (b) saGkalpAnuvidhAyI cAsya dharmaH pratyAtmavRttIn dharmAdharmasaJcayAn pRthivyAdIni ca bhUtAni pravartayati / evaM ca svakRtAbhyAgamasyAlopena nirmANaprAkAmyamIzvarasya svakRtakarmaphalaM veditavyam / samajUtI : TIkAkAro AmAM IzvaranI uttarakAlIna nyAyavaizeSika vibhAvanAne vAMce che, tethI teo 'pratyAtmavRttInuM'samAsagata 'prati"no artha pratyeka kare che ane 'nirmALaprAAmyam'no artha 'nannimAMLaprAAmyam'( =jagatanuM nirmANa karavAnI avyAhata icchA) kare che. tethI, temanA anusAra A kaMDikAnI samajUtI nIce pramANe che. jagatanuM sarjana karavAnI icchA jevI te kare che tevuM ja jagatanuM sarjana zarU thAya che. jyAre te jagatanuM sarjana karavAnI icchA kare che tyAre tenI icchAne anusaranAro teno dharma pratyeka AtmAmAM rahelA saMcita dharmAdharmane potAnuM phaLa ApavAmAM pravRtta kare che tema ja pRthvI vagere bhUtone (paramANuone) dvacaNukAdikrame kAryo utpanna karavAmAM pravRtta kare che. jagatanuM sarjana karavAnI tenI icchA vyAghAta pAmatI nathI. A tenI avyAhata icchA tenA potAnA pUrvakRta karmanuM phaLa che ema jANavuM kAraNa ke pote karelA karmanA phaLano lopa thato nathI evo niyama che. prA. ingAlsa paNa A arthaghaTana svIkAre che ane tethI nIcenA zabdomAM A kaMDikAne samajAve che : "God acts upon the karmic accumulation of each of us as well as upon the gross elements of the Universe. Accordingly, his omnipotence is limited by the fact that each of us must receive the results of our former action. Furthermore, this omnipotence (if one should really grant it such a title) is the result of the karma

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna (that is, works) which God himself has accumulated. Finally it is said that all God's wishes are fulfilled...."?? paraMtu ingAlsane e samajAtuM nathI ke je Izvara pratyeka AtmAnAM saMcita karmone potAnAM phaLo ApavAmAM pravRtta kare che ane jagatanuM sarjana kare che te pote ja karmasiddhAntanA niyamathI kema baMdhAyelo hoya, tema ja jagatanuM sarjana karavAnI IzvaranI avyAhata icchA IzvaranA potAnA ja pUrvakRta karmanuM phaLakevI rIte hoya! tethI ingAlsane vAtsyAyananI vAto confusing-gUMcavADAbharI lAge che. ingAlsanI mati mUMjhAya che kAraNa ke Izvarane tenuM IzvarapaNuM tenA potAnA pUrvakRta karmonA phaLarUpe prApta thatuM kevI rIte gaNI zakAya e temanI samajamAM AvatuM nathI. A gUMcavADAnuM kAraNa uparinirdiSTa padonuM karavAmAM AveluM khoTuM arthaghaTana che. jo te padonuM nIce mujaba arthaghaTana karavAmAM Ave to gUMcavADo tarata ja dUra thaI jAya. - ahIM prati' padano prayoga pratyakSa gata "pratipadanA prayoganI jema Abhimukhya ke "sannikRSTa'nA arthamAM thayo che. tethI, pratyAtmavRttI' eTale 'mAtmAnuM'. "pratyAtmavRttI' samAsano artha Athaze- "mAmAnuM prati gAmimuyena samavAyasanvajona the vRttiH te, tAnuM pratyAtmavRttI'. Ama pratyAtmavRttInuM dhamadharmasIyAnI samajUtI che-IzvaranA potAnA ja AtmAmAM samavAyasaMbaMdhathI rahelA saMcita dharmAdhamane. niryvI 'thI samajavAnuM che "nirmANa pAmyam' (ane nahi ke ' na LaprAgaku'). " niLayaprakhyaY'no artha che-nirmANakAryane arthAt yogaja zarIrane banAvavAnI vyAghAta na pAmatI icchA. Ama A kaMDikAmAM evI be vibhAvanAono ullekha che je jIvanmuktano spaSTa nirdeza kare che. te be vibhAvanAo A che - (1) jIvanmukta potAnA vartamAna janmamAM-je teno aMtima janma che temAM-potAnAM badhAM saMcita karmone temanAM phaLo ApavAmAM pravRtta kare che, vipAkonukha kare che. evuM manAyuM che ke jIvanmukta tenA chellA janmamAM potAnAM saMcita karmonAM saghaLAM phaLo bhogavI levA ja joIe. vAsyAyana jIvanmuktanuM astitva svIkAre che, te tenA mATe viharamuktapadano prayoga kare che. te lakhe che- variza vivighatto vipharabhu tyute 4.7.64. vaLI te svIkAre che ke jIvanmukta chellA janmamAM badhAM saMcita karmonAM saghaLAM phaLo bhogavI levAM joIe, te lakhe che- sarvAbhi pUrvavarmA dAnta banmani vipazcatte tiA 4.7.64 (2) aMtima janmanA TUMkA samayagALAmAM badhAM saMcita karmonAM saghaLAM phaLo bhogavI levA mATe jIvanmuktane aneka yogaja zarIronuM nirmANa karavAnI jarUra paDe che je aneka yogaja zarIro dvArA eTalAM badhAM phaLone te TUMkA gALAmAM bhogavI zake. vAtsyAyana A mAnyatAne svIkAre che. te lakhe che- thorI vastu trI pradumtAyAM vidhimAM nirNaya sendriyALa

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 77 gItAni tenu yud ri 36namate rU.2.25. jayaMta bhaTTanA nIcenA zabdo A mAnyatAnuM spaSTa nirUpaNa kare che. je di yokrisiddhaca vihitanivininadhadharma nirmAya tadupabhogayogyAni teSu teSUpapattisthAneSu tAni tAni sarvendriyANi zarIrANi, khaNDAntaHkaraNAni ca muktairAtmabhirupekSitAni gRhItvA sakalakarmaphalamanubhavati prAptaizvarya itItthamupabhogena karmaNAM kSayaH / nyAyamaJjarI, kAzI saMskRta sirijha, bhAga 2, pR. 88. havecAyabhASyanI prastuta kaMDikAnI amArI samajUtI ApIe chIe. tenIce pramANe che : IzvaramAM eka viziSTa dharma samavAyasaMbaMdhathI rahelo che. A dharma teNe pUrve karelA sArA kAryanuM pariNAma che. A dharma be phaLo Ape che-(1) te dharma IzvaramAM samavAyasaMbaMdhathI rahelA badhA saMcita dharmAdharmane vipAkomukha kare che. (2) te dharma pRthvI Adi bhUtone yogaja zarIranuM nirmANa karavA pravRtta kare che. paraMtu A be phaLo te dharma kyAre Ape che? A be phaLo te dharma tyAre ja Ape che jyAre Izvara potAnAM badhAM saMcita karmonAM saghaLAM phaLone bhogavI levAnI IcchA kare che ane te mATe yogaja zarIronuM nirmANa karavAnI icchA kare che. A kAraNe kahyuM che ke te dharma IzvaranI potAnI icchAne anusare che. Ama yogaja zarIronuM nirmANa karavAnI IzvaranI icchA vyAghAta pAmatI nathI, AvI vyAghAta na pAmatI icchA Iizvare pUrve karelA koI khAsa sArA kAryanuM phaLa che. A avyAhata icchAne IzvaranA pUrvakRta karmanuM phaLa gaNavI joIe kAraNa ke pUrve karela karmanuM phaLa avazya maLe che ja. (c) AptakalpazcAyam / yathA pitA apatyAnAM tathA pitRbhUta Izvaro bhUtAnAm / samajUtIH Izvara Asa che-jenAmAM vizvAsa, zraddhA rAkhI zakAya evo che, jene pramANa tarIke svIkArI zakAya tevo che. jema pitA putrane mATe A che tema Izvara sarva prANIone mATe Apta che. pitA putrano mArgadarzaka che, Izvara sarva prANIono mArgadarzaka che. pitA putranA hita-sukhane mATe tene upadeza Ape che, Izvara sarva jIvone duHkhamukti mATe upadeza Ape che. vAtsyAyana kevaLa AsatAnI bAbatamAM ja pitAputra ane Izvara-jIva saMbaMdho vacce sAmya darzAvavA mAge che. A daSTAnta (analogy) ethI vizeSa laMbAvavuM vAtsyAyanane ISTa nathI. dAkhalA tarIke, jema putrane pitA pedA kare che tema jIvane Izvara pedA kare che, athavA jema putra pitAno aMza che tema jIva Izvarano aMza che, vagere. AvuM vAtsyAyanane mAnya nathI, abhipreta nathI. vAsyAyanane mate Izvara evI vyakti che jenA upadezamAM niHzaMkapaNe vizvAsa mUkI zakAya-khAsa karIne duHkhamuktinA upAyanI bAbatanA upadezamAM. Izvare ApatA kevI rIte prApta karI? teNe mithyAjJAna, adharma ane pramAdano nAza karI te dvArA samyaka jJAna, dharma ane samAdhi prApta karIne AmatAne prApta karI che. vaLI, A puravAra kare che ke Izvara e jIvanmukta ja che kAraNa ke jIvanmukta ja paramotkRSTa upadeza che.

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78 bhAratIya tattvajJAna ahIM paNa prA. ingAlsa vAtsyAyanano Azaya samajI zakyA nathI. tethI te kharA muddAne pakaDI zaktA nathI ane vAsyAyananA A vidhAnanI khoTI TIkA kare che. temanI TIkA nIce pramANe che- "Again God is said to act like a father. But who ever heard of a father who in dealing with his children could not transcend their merits and demerits?" potapotAnAM karmo anusAra ja sarva jIvone phaLo ApanAra-te vize koI paNa prakAranuM ullaMghana nahi karanAra IzvaranI uttarakAlIna nyAyavaizeSika vibhAvanAnuM bhUta prA. ingAlsanA mana upara evuM to savAra thayeluM lAge che ke te temano pIcho choDatuM ja nathI. karmAnusAra phaLadevAnI vAtano aNasAra paNa A kaMDikAmAM nathI, chatAM tene joDI prA. ingAlsa aprastuta TIkA kare che. (d) na ca AtmakalpAdanyaH kalpaH sNbhvti| na tAvad asya buddhiM vinA kazcid dharmo liGgabhUtaH zakya upapAdayitum / AgamAcca draSTA boddhA sarvajJAtA Izvara iti / buddhyAdibhizcAtmaliGgairnirupAkhyam IzvaraM pratyakSAnumAnAgamaviSayAtItaM kaH zakta upapAdayitum ? samajUtIH Izvara AtmA ja che, tattvAntara nathI, kAraNa ke tenAmAM evo koI khAsa guNa nathI ke tene AtmAthI juduM tattva puravAra kare. IzvaramAM buddhi che ane buddhi AtmAno ja viroSa guNa che. AgamamAM paNa Izvarano A ja guNa jaNAvavAmAM Avyo che. Agama Izvarane draSTA, boddhA ane sarvajJAtA tarIke varNave che. Ama Agame paNa evo. koI khAsa guNa jaNAvyo nathI ke tene AtmAthI juduM tattva sAbita kare. jo Izvara AtmaliMga buddhi vagerethI rahita hoya to te nirupAkhya banI jAya, tenuM vidhyAtmaka varNana ja azakya banI jAya, tene jANI zakAya ja nahi; te pratyakSa, anumAna ke AgamathI agocara rahe. Ama Izvara AtmA ja hoI, te buddhi Adi AtmavizeSaguNothI yukta che. ahIM vAtsyAyane Izvarane sarvajJAtA tarIke svIkArela che. tethI prazna Ubho thAya che ke zuM vAtsyAyana jIvanmuktane sarvajJa gaNe che?"badhAM ja dravyonI badhI ja vyaktionI sarva saikAlika avasthAonuM jJAna dharAvanAra evo 'sarvajJa' zabdano artha sAmAnyapaNe pracalita che. vAsyAyanane 'sarvajJa' zabdano Avo artha ahIM abhipreta che ke kema te cokkasapaNe kahI zakAya nahi. paraMtu eTaluM to spaSTa che ke vAsyAyana saMdarbha pramANe 'sarvajJa'no judo judo artha kare che. indriya potapotAnA niyata viSayane grahaNa kare che jyAre AtmA rUpa, rasa, gabdha, sparza ane zabda e pAMce viSayone arthAt sarvane grahaNa kare che, eTale AtmA sarvA che ane tethI indriyothI bhinna che evuM vAtsyAyane eka sthAne kahyuM che. tenA zabdo che : yasmAtu tu vyavasthitaviSayALIndriyALi tamAta tegozanyataH sarvaH sarvaviSayAdI viSayavyavasthitimatamatoDanunIyate rU.2.3. ahIM saMdarbha karma ane phaLano che. tethI A saMdarbhamAM sarvA' zabdano artha 'karmo ane temanAM phaLo vaccenA niyata saMbaMdhane jANanAra, duHkhamuktirUpa paramaphaLa ane tenA saghaLA .

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara upAyone (karmone) jANanAra' thAya. "sarvajJa zabdanA arthano AthI vadhu vistAra prastuta saMdarbhamAM jarUrI nathI, A arthamAM jIvanmukta sarvajJa che ja. 'sarvadravyonI sarva vyaktionI sarvasaikAlika avasthAone jANanAra' evo "sarvajJa' zabdano artha prastuta saMdarbhamAM baMdha besato nathI kAraNa ke Avo artha karmasiddhAnta ane puruSa svAtaMtrya (freedom of will)no atyanta virodhI che jyAre jaDa niyativAdano poSaka che. (e) svakRtAbhyAgamalopena pravartamAnasya yaduktaM pratiSedhajAtam akarmanimitte zarIrasa tat sarva pracaMte riA jo nirmANakAyo utpanna karavA pravRtta thanAro AtmA potAnA pUrvakRta karmane pariNAme ja temAM pravRtta thaI zake che ema na mAnIe to tenAM nirmANazarIronI utpattimAM tenuM pUrvakRta karma nimitta nathI evo artha thAya, arthAt pUrvakRta karmane potAnuM koI phaLa nathI ema phalita thAya; ane tema svIkAratAM to potapotAnAM sAmAnya prakAranA zarIranI utpattimAM pratyeka jIvanAM potapotAnAM kamone nimittakAraNa na mAnatAM je doSo Ave che te badhA doSo ahIM paNa Ave. Ama vAtsyAyanane mate, jeNe mithyAjJAna, adharma ane pramAdano nAza karI samyakajJAna, dharma ane samAdhi prApta karela che, je spaSTapaNe jANe che ke kayA karmanuM kayuM phaLa che, jeNe pote klezamukti-duHkhamuktinA saMpUrNa mArganI yAtrA karI che ane tethI jene te mArganuM sAkSAt jJAna che, je te mArganI bAbatamAM pramANa che, je te mArgano paramotkRSTa upadeSTA che, jenA bhavano-janmamaraNacakano-anta thayo che, je badhAM saMcita karmonAM saghaLAM phaLone aMtima janmamAM bhogavI levA potAnI avyAhata icchAthI aneka nirmANakAyonuM nirmANa kare che ane je potAnI avyAhata icchAthI saghaLAM saMcita karmone vipAkonukha kare che te jIvanmukta sivAya bIjo koI Izvara nathI. (4) nyAyavaizeSikadarzanamAM nityamukta bhuvanakartA mahezvaranI vibhAvanAno sauprathama praveza prazastapAda dvArA sRSTi ane pralayanI kalpanA sAthe nityamukta jagatkartA mahezvaranI vibhAvanA nyAyavaizeSikadarzananA upalabdha graMthomAM sauprathama ApaNane prazastapAdanA (I.sa.nI chaThThI zatAbdInA uttarArdha) padArthadharmasaMgrahamAM maLe che. jIvo potAnAM karmonAM phaLono bhoga karI zake te mATe mahezvarane sRSTinuM sarjana karavAnI icchA thAya che. tene pariNAme jIvonAM adaSTo potapotAnAM phaLo ApavA unmukha bane che. AvAM adaSTono sauprathama pavanaparamANuo sAthe saMyoga thAya che. A saMyogathI pavanaparamANuomAM kAryAraMbhaka gati utpanna thAya che, pariNAme caNakAdikame pavanamahAbhUtanI utpatti thAya che. A ja rIte apamahAbhUta, pachI tejasUmahAbhUta ane pachI pRthivImahAbhUta utpanna thAya che. cAra mahAbhUtonI utpatti pachI kevaLa mahezvaranI icchAthI pArthiva paramANuothI yukta tejasa paramANuomAMthI moTuM IMDu utpanna thAya che. pachI te IDAmAM sarvalokapitAmaha brahmAne

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna sakala bhuvana (cauda bhuvano) sAthe sarjI mahezvara tene prajAnuM sarjana karavAnuM kAma sope che. brahmA jJAna, vairAgya ane aizvaryathI yukta che. te brahmA jIvonAM karmonAM vipAkone jANIne karmane anurUpa jJAna, bhoga ane AyuvALA prajApatio, manuo, devarSio, pitRo, brAhmaNo, kSatriyo, vaizyo, zo ane nAnAmoTAM prANIone sarje che ane temane potapotAnA karmane anurUpa dharma, jJAna, vairAgya ane aizvaryathI joDe che. brahmAnA mokSano samaya Ave che tyAre saMsArathI-janmamaraNabhramaNathI thAkelAM prANIonA vizrAma mATe mahezvara saMhAranI icchA kare che. saMhArecchA thatAM ja badhAM ja kAryo kramathI paramANuomAM vighaTana pAme che. Ama pralaya thAya che. pralayamAM pravibhakta paramANuo ane dharmAdharmasaMskArathI yukta AtmAo ja hoya che ? Ama prazastapAda anusAra mahezvaranA saMkalpamAtrathI sarga ane pralaya thAya che. mahezvaranI icchA pavanaparamANuomAM utpanna thatI AraMbhaka gatinuM sAkSAt kAraNa nathI. temanI icchA to adone vipAkonukha kare che. Atmagata AvAM ado pavanaparamANuonA saMyogamAM AvI temanAmAM AraMbhaka gati utpanna kare che. vaLI, mahezvara saMkalpathI brahmAne ane cauda bhuvanone utpanna karI jIvasRSTi mATe brahmAne niyukta kare che. brahmA jIvone temanAM karmone anurUpa jJAna, bhoga, Ayu ane yonivALA sarje che. mahezvara saMkalpamAtrathI cAra bhUtone, zarIradhArIone rahevAnA sthAnone (bhavanone) ane brahmAne sarje che. jIvasRSTinuM sarjana brahmA kare che ane brahmA ja jIvone temanAM karma pramANe jJAna, dharma, vairAgya, bhoga ane Ayu bakSe che. tethI brahmAne lokapitAmaha kahyA che. brahmAno mokSa thAya che. brahmA pratisarga bhinna che, jyAre mahezvara eka ane nitya che. mahezvaramAM kevaLa icchA che jyAre brahmAmAM jJAna (karma-phalajJAna), vairAgya ane aizvaryA che. sRSTinI utpattithI tenA vinAza sudhInA gALAmAM tenuM saMcAlana brahmA kare che. pralayamAM to karmane anurUpa phaladAnanI kriyA aTakI jAya che, eTale pralayamAM brahmAnI jarUra nathI. mahezvara ke brahmAne ahIM upadezaka ke vedakartA tarIke varNavavAmAM AvyA nathI. e to spaSTa jaNAya che ke prazastapAda sarga-pralayanI, mahezvaranI, brahmAnI vibhAvanA purANomAMthI khAsa to zeva purANomAMthI nyAyavaizeSikadarzanamAM laI AvyA che. uttarakAlIna nyAyavaizeSika graMthoe brahmAne dUra karIne tenuM kArya paNa Izvarane ja soMpyuM che. Izvara ja karmanA vipAkane jANI karmanuM phaLa jIvone Ape che. vaLI, uttarakAlIna nyAyavaizeSika graMthomAM Izvara jJAna ane IcchA baMne guNo dharAve che ema manAyuM che. ' uparanI carcA uparathI ApaNe tAraNa kADhI zakIe ke prazastapAda pahelAM nyAyavaizeSikadarzana nityamukta jagatkartA eka Izvarane mAnatuM na hatuM ane te 'Izvara' zabdano

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara prayoga jIvanmukta upadekhAnA arthamAM ja karatuM hatuM. sauprathama prazastapAda nyAyazeSikadarzanamAM nityamukta jagatkartA eka IzvaranI vibhAvanA dAkhala kare che. " . have ApaNe prazastapAdyottarakAlIna nyAyavaizeSika mukhya ciMtakone eka pachI eka laI temanI IzvaracarcAno sAra rajU karIzuM. (5) udyotakara ane Izvara prazastapAde jagatanA kartA ( nimittakAraNa) tarIke Izvarano svIkAra karyo che. paraMtu teno vyavasthita vicAra udyotakaranA nyAyavArtikamAM ApaNane sauprathama maLe che. udyotakara kahe che ke jagatanuM upAdAnakAraNa paramANuo che ane jIvonAM karmonI sahAyathI Izvara paramANuomAMthI sarva kAryo utpanna kare che. Izvara ja sRSTi daramiyAna jyAre je jIvanA je karmano vipAkakALa Ave che tyAre te jIvane te karma anusAra phaLa Ape che. A Izvarano anugraha che. IzvaranuM aizvarya nitya che. te dharmanuM (=pUrvakRta karmanuM) phaLa nathI. IzvaramAM dharma che ja nahi." IzvaramAM saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthakatva, saMyoga, vibhAga ane buddhi A cha ja guNo che. eka sthAne udyotakara jaNAve che ke tenAmAM akliSTa ane avyAhata IcchA paNa che. Izvarane zarIra nathI. Izvarane mAnavAnI zI jarUra che? jIvonA dharmAdhama ja paramANuone kAryotpattimAM pravartAve che ema kema mAnatA nathI? AnA uttaramAM udyotakara kahe che ke dharmAdharma acetana che ane acetana svataMtrapaNe koIne kAryotpattimAM pravartAvI na zake. mAnI lo ke dharmAdharma paramANuone kAryotpattimAM pravartAve che-arthAtu paramANuomAM kAryAraMbhaka gati utpanna kare che. dharmAdharma to karaNakAraka che. kevaLa karaNakArakathI kriyA utpanna thatI nathI. tethI, kevaLa dharmAdharmathI paramANuomAM AraMbhaka kriyA utpanna na thaI zake. jo kaho ke paramANuonI sahAyathI dharmAdharma paramANuomAM AraMbhaka kriyA utpanna kare che to te barAbara nathI. paramANuo to karmakAraka che; karmakAraka ane karaNakAraka be ja bhegA maLI AraMbhaka kriyA utpanna na karI zake. mATI (= karma) ane daMDa-cakra (=karaNa) bethI ja ghaTAraMbhaka kriyA utpanna thatI kadI koIe dekhI nathI. Ama AraMbhaka kriyAnI utpatti mATe karmakAraka ane karaNakAraka uparAMta kartikAraka(= kartA)nuM hovuM Avazyaka che. je kaho ke kartA jIva che ane te potAnAM karmo (=dharmAdharma) dvArA paramANuomAM AraMbhaka gati pedA kare che to te barAbara nathI, kAraNa ke jIva ajJAnI hoI paramANuomAMthI je je kArya je je rIte banAvavAnuM che tenuM tene jJAna nathI ane tethI te te kAryane utpanna karavA mATenI AraMbhaka gati paramANuomAM utpanna karavA te zaktimAna nathI. jo kaho ke paramANuomAM AraMbhaka gatinI utpattinuM kaMI kAraNa ja nathI to te anucita che, kAraNa ke ApaNe kadI kAraNa vinA kazAnIya utpatti joI jANI nathI. tethI buddhimAnuM arthAt sarvajJa IzvarathI ja paramANuo ane karmo ( dharmAdharma) kAryonmukha thAya che ema mAnavuM joIe.

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna arthAtu, Izvara ja paramANuomAM Aghakarma utpanna kare che ane Izvara ja adaSTane vipAkonmukha kare che. 14 - koI zaMkA uThAve che ke Izvara jagatano kartA nathI, kAraNa ke te koI paNa rIte jagatano kartA ghaTI zakato nathI. Izvara jagatano kartA hoya to be vikalpo saMbhave che te kAM to bIjAnI sahAyathI jagata utpanna kare kAM to bIjAnI sahAya vinA jagata utpanna kare. jo te bIjAnI sahAyathI jagatano kartA banato hoya to jenI sahAyathI te jagatano kartA thayo teno to te kartA nahi gaNAya. jo kaho ke jenI sahAyathI te jagatano kartA bane che tene te bIjA koInI sahAyathI utpanna kare che to have teNe jenI sahAya lIdhI teno to te akartA raheze. jo kaho ke teno kartA paNa te koI trIjAnI sahAyathI banaze to enI e ja Apatti AvIne UbhI raheze ane emAMthI chUTakAro kyAreya nahi thAya. jo kaho ke te koInI paNa sahAya lIdhA vinA svecchAe ja jagatanAM kAryono kartA che-jagatanAM kAryone te nirapekSapaNe svecchAe ja utpanna kare che to to puruSanAM karmo niSphaLa banI jAya, tenI sAdhanA vyartha thaI paDe ane mokSa puruSArtha na rahe; athavA tenI icchAne anusarI muktone paNa pAchA saMsAramAM pravezavuM paDe. 65 A zaMkAnuM samAdhAna karatAM udyotakara jaNAve che ke IzvaranuM nirapekSakartutva to nyAyavaizeSiko svIkAratA nathI. tethI dharmAdharmanA vaiphalyano doSa Avato nathI. jenI sahAyathI te jagatanAM kAryono kartA bane che teno paNa te kartA saMbhave che, kAraNa ke te jagatanAM badhAM kAryo yugapa karato nathI paNa kramathI kare che. udAharaNArtha, mANasa amuka karaNa(=sAdhana) thI vAMsalo banAve che, pachI vAMsalAthI daMDa banAve che, pachI daMDathI ghaTa banAve che, vagere. tevI ja rIte, Izvara jIvanA dharmAdharmanI sahAyathI jIvanAM zarIra, sukha, duHkha vagereno kartA che. jIvanamAM AtmamanaHsaMyoga ane azuddha abhisandhinI sahAyathI jIvanA adharmano kartA che, jIvanAM AtmamanaHsaMyoga ane zuddha abhisanthinI sahAyathI jIvanA dharmano kartA che, jIvanamAM sukha, duHkha ane smRtinI tema ja temanAM sAdhanonI sahAyathI jIvanI zuddha ke azuddha abhisabdhino kartA che. jyAre te amuka kAryane kare che tyAre te jenI sahAyathI tene kare che teno te akartA raheze evI zaMkA karanArane udyotakara pUche che ke AthI tame zuM ema kahevA mAgo cho ke jyAre te jagatamAM dekhAtuM koI kArya kare che tyAre te jenI sahAyathI te kArya kare che teno te akartA rahe che? udyotakara zaMkAne spaSTa karI have uttara Ape che ke e zaMkA pAyA vinAnI che kAraNake te jagatanAM badhAM kAryone yugapa karato nathI paNa kramathI kare che ane kramathI tene jagatanAM badhAM kAryono kartA mAnI zakAya che eTale nirdiSTa doSa Avato nathI. virodhI pUche che ke sauprathama-arthAt prathama sarganI AdimAM jyAre pahelI ja vAra-Izvare jIvone mATe zarIra Adi banAvyAM haze tyAre to jIvonAM pUrvakRta karmo (=dharmAdharma) hovAnI zakyatA nathI, to pachI te vakhate teNe zenI

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 83 sahAyathI zarIra Adi banAvyAM haze ? A praznanA uttaramAM udyotakara jaNAve che ke saMsAra anAdi che eTale prathama sarganI vAta karavI vAhiyAta che. pralayAntarita sargonI paraMparAne Adi nathI. == Izvarane jagata banAvavAnuM prayojana zuM che ? jagatamAM loko je kArya kare che te koIne koI uddezathI kare che- amuka vastu prApta karavA kare che ke amuka vastu dUra karavA kare che. Izvarane zuM dUra karavAnuM nathI kAraNa ke tenAmAM duHkha nathI. ane jagatamAM sarvane duHkha ja dUra karavAnuM hoya che. tene kaMI prApta karavAnuM paNa nathI kAraNa ke te vazI che, tRSNArahita che, pUrNakAma che. keTalAka dArzaniko mAne che ke Izvara krIDA karavAnA prayojanathI jagatane utpanna kare che. A mata barAbara nathI. krIDA to AnaMda prApta karavA thAya che, ane AnaMda prApta karavA to te prayatna kare che je duHkhI hoya che. paraMtu IzvaramAM to duHkhano abhAva che. eTale te krIDA karavA mATe jagata utpanna kare nahi. keTalAka dArzaniko kahe che ke Izvara potAnI vibhUtinuM pradarzana karavA mATe vicitra ane virATa jagata utpanna kare che. paraMtu A mata paNa barAbara nathI. te zA mATe potAnI vibhUtinuM pradarzana kare ? AvuM vibhUtipradarzana tenA nitya aizvaryamAM kaMI vadhAro kare che ? nA, jarAya nahi. te AvuM pradarzana karavAnuM baMdha kare to tethI tenA nitya aizvaryamAM koI ochapa AvavAnI nathI. to pachI Izvara jagata zA mATe banAve che ? udyotakarano uttara che ke te teno svabhAva che mATe. dharatI vastuone dhAraNa kare che kAraNa ke te teno svabhAva che. tevI ja rIte, Izvara jagatane utpanna kare che kAraNa ke jagatane utpanna karavuM e teno svabhAva che. ahIM udyotakare e uttara nathI Apyo ke jIvo potAnAM karmonAM phaLa bhogavI zake mATe Izvara jagatane utpanna kare che. AnI noMdha levI joIe. jo jagatanAM kAryonI utpatti karavI te teno svabhAva hoya to te satata kAryo utpanna karyA ja kare ane kadIya virame nahi. jo a-kAryane utpanna karavAno teno svabhAva hoya, 6kAryane utpanna karavAno teno svabhAva hoya, kAryane utpanna karavAno teno svabhAva hoya ane Ama...n kAryo utpanna karavAno teno svabhAva hoya to teno te svabhAva dareka kSaNe hovAno ja ane pariNAme teNe a, va, ... n kAryo eka ja kSaNe eka sAthe ja karavAM joIe, arthAt te badhAM kAryono kramathI kartA che e mata ghaTaze nahi.68 uparanI zaMkAnuM samAdhAna karatAM udyotakara jaNAve che ke nirdiSTa doSa Avato nathI kAraNa ke kartA buddhimAna che ane vaLI tenuM kartRtva sApekSa che. te buddhimAna ane sApekSa kartA hoI badhAM kAryone eka sAthe utpanna karato nathI; je kAryanI kAraNasAmagrI upasthita hoya che tene utpanna kare che, jenI kAraNasAmagrI upasthita nathI hotI tene utpanna karato nathI. teno jagatanAM badhAM kAryone utpanna karavAno svabhAva hovA chatAM te te badhAM kAryone eka kALe utpanna nathI karato kAraNa ke te te kAryane tyAre ja utpanna kare che jyAre te kAryarUpa phaLa je jIvane bhogavavAnuM hoya te jIvanA te phaLane anurUpa karmano vipAkakALa Ave. je

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84 bhAratIya tattvajJAna buddhimattA vinA Izvara jagatano ghaTI zake nahi. tethI IzvaramAM buddhiguNa to mAnavo ja joIe. tenI buddhi atIta, anAgata ane vartamAna badhA viSayone (=arthone) pratyakSa jANe che. tenI buddhi parokSajJAnarUpa nathI. tenI buddhi nitya che. tenI buddhi nitya hoI tenAmAM saMskAraguNa saMbhavato nathI. tene saMskAra na hoI smRti nathI. tene duHkha nathI, kAraNa ke duHkhanA kAraNa adharmano tenAmAM abhAva che. tene duHkha na hovAthI tenAmAM vairAgya paNa saMbhavato nathI. tene duHkha na hovAthI tenAmAM TheSa paNa nathI. alabatta, tene akSiNa ane sarva viSayomAM avyAhata (=phaLIbhUta thanArI) icchA che. jema tenI buddhi kliSTa nathI tema tenI IcchA paNa kliSTa nathI. jema tenI buddhi sarva viSayone jANe che tema tenI IcchA badhA padArthone karavA samartha che. jemAM tenI buddhi potAnA kAryamAM avyAhata che-koI paNa viSayane jANavAnA tenA kAryamAM koI bAdhaka banI zakyuM nathI, tema tenI icchA potAnA kAryamAM avyAhata che arthAt icchAne anurUpa phaLa (=kArya) tarata ja utpanna thAya che." Izvara baddha che ke mukta? te baddha nathI kAraNa ke tenAmAM sadA duHkhano abhAva hoI te abaddha ja che. te mukta nathI kAraNa ke je baddha hoya tenI bAbatamAM ja mukta thavuM saMbhave che; Izvarane to kadIya baMdhana hatuM ja nahi. tethI te mukta paNa nathI." koI zaMkA uThAve che ke Izvarano jIvAtmAo sAthe koI saMbaMdha ghaTato nathI eTale Izvarane temanAM adaSTano preraka-adhiSThAtA mAnI zakAya nahi. arthAt jIvAtmAomAM samavAya saMbaMdhathI rahetA dharmAdharmano Izvara sAthe na to sAkSAt saMbaMdha che na to paraMparAthI; ane jenI sAthe Izvarano koI saMbaMdha nathI evA dharmAdharmane Izvara kevI rIte prerI zake, ane aprerita teo acetana hoI potAnuM yogya kArya karavAmAM pravRtta kevI rIte thaI zake? uparanI zaMkAnuM samAdhAna karatAM udyotakara jaNAve che ke Izvara ane jIvAtmA vacce saMbaMdha che. kyo saMbaMdha che? saMyogasaMbaMdha. "vizeSika mate saMyoga guNa che ane te karmajanya hoI anitya hoya che. tethI be vibhu dravyo vacce saMyogasaMbaMdha ghaTe nahi. Izvara ane jIvAtmA vibhu che. eTale temanI vacce saMyogasaMbaMdha ghaTe nahi'-AvI zaMkAnA uttaramAM udyotakara kahe che ke ame (naiyAyiko) to aja (= nitya) saMyogano svIkAra karIe chIe. Izvara ane jIvAtmA vacce aja saMyogasaMbaMdha che. jeo (=vaizeSiko) aja saMyoga nathI mAnatA teo mananA mAdhyamathI Izvara ane jIvAtmA vacce saMbaMdha sthApe che. manano Izvara sAthe saMyogasaMbaMdha che ja ane Izvara sAthe saMyukta manano jIvAtmA sAthe saMbaMdha che. Ama Izvara ane jIvAtmA vacce saMbaMdha teo ghaTAve che. Izvara ane jIvAtmA vacceno aja saMyogasaMbaMdha vyApaka che ke avyApaka arthAt te saMbaMdha tenA pratyeka saMbaMdhIne vyApIne rahe che ke te pratyeka saMbaMdhInA amuka bhAgamAM ja rahe che? A prazna avyAkaraNIya che. arthAta, AtmA ane Izvara vacce aja saMyogasaMbaMdha che eTaluM ja kahI zakAya che, ethI vizeSa kaMI kahI zakAtuM nathI. 15

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara IzvaramAM kriyA che ke nahi? IzvaramAM preraNArUpa kriyA che, ceSTArUpa kriyA nathI. te anya kArakone kAryotpattimAM prere che, te koInAthI prerAto nathI. te svatantra che. eTale tenAmAM parispaMdarUpa yA ceSTArUpa kriyA nathI. tenuM zarIra ja nathI eTale tenAmAM parispaMdarUpa yA ceSTArUpa kriyA saMbhave ja nahi.06 (6) jayaMta bhaTTa ane Izvara udyotakare IzvaranA jagatakartRtvanI sthApanA karI che ane te saMdarbhamAM UThatA mahattvanA praznonI carcA karI che. have ApaNe jayaMta bhaTTane Izvara vize zuM kahevAnuM che te joIe. sauprathama te IzvaranuM astitva nIce pramANe puravAra kare che. pRthvI vagere kAryo che, kAraNake te anitya che ane sannivezavALAM che (=racanAvALAM che, sAvayava che). te kAryo hovAthI temano paNa koI kartA hovo joIe. kAryane kartA hoya che ja. kartA vinA kArya utpanna thatuM nathI. udAharaNArtha, ghaTa kArya che ane teno kartA kuMbhAra che. kartA vinA ghaTa banI zake ja nahi. Ama pRthvI vagere kAryono kartA siddha thAya che. te ja Izvara che." A sAme koI dalIla kare che ke keTalAMka kAryono kartA dekhAto nathI. kheDaDyA vinAnI paDatara jamInamAM choDavAM UgI nIkaLe che. temano koI kartA dekhAto nathI. A dalIlanuM khaMDana karatAM jayaMta kahe che ke dekhAvA yogya hovA chatAM na dekhAya to 'te nathI' ema nizcaya karI zakAya. paraMtu Izvara azarIrI hoI te dekhAvA yogya ja nathI. tethI te dekhAto nathI. Ama te dekhAto nathI mATe tenuM astitva nathI evo nizcaya na karI zakAya. ahIM vaLI koI Apatti uThAve che ke daSTa pRthvI, pANI vagerethI ja akRSTajAta choDavAnI utpatti mAnavI joIe, na dekhAtA Izvarane temano kartA mAnavo anucita che. Ano uttara ApatAM jayaMta kahe che ke A Apatti barAbara nathI. badhA paralokavAdIo na dekhAtAM karmonI kalpanA kema kare che ? karmanI kalpanA eTalA mATe karavAmAM AvI che ke jethI jagatanA vaicitryano khulAso thaI zake. tevI ja rIte, acetana kArako cetanathI prerita na hoya to kAryonI utpattino khulAso thaI zakato nathI, tethI jyAM kartA dekhAto nathI tyAM paNa kartA kalpavAmAM Avyo che. 19 : koI zaMkA kare che ke kArya uparathI to sAmAnyapaNe kartAnuM anumAna thAya paraMtu vizeSa prakAranA kartA-AtmavizeSa IzvaranuM anumAna na thaI zake. A zaMkAnuM samAdhAna karatAM jayaMta kahe che ke AgamathI vizeSa prakAranA kartAnuM jJAna thAya che. jo kaho ke AmathI tenuM jJAna mAnatAM itaretarAzraya doSa Avaze kAraNake Izvara AgamathI siddha thaze ane AgamanuM prAmANya IzvarakartutvathI siddha thaze, to tema kahevuM barAbara nathI kAraNa ke Izvara bIjAM pramANothI paNa puravAra thAya che. vaLI, kAryanI vizeSatA uparathI kartAnI vizeSatAnuM anumAna thaI zake che. dhUmanI vizeSatA pratyakSa karI te uparathI anumAna karI zakAya che ke -

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna tenuM kAraNa caMdanano agni ja che-tRNaparNano agni nathI. tevI ja rIte, aparimita ananta prANIonAM vicitra sukhaduHkhanAM sAdhanarUpa bhuvana vagere ananta kAryo atizayarahita puruSa karI zake nahi, tethI temano atizayavALo viziSTa kartA ja hovo joIe evuM ApaNe anumAnathI jANI zakIe chIe." traNeya lokanA niravadhi prANIonAM sukhaduHkhanAM sAdhanone kevI rIte utpanna karavAM, temAMnA pratyeka sAdhananuM prayojana zuM che, te badhAM sAdhanono nAza kema karavo-A badhuM jANanAro ja te badhAM kAryone utpanna karI zake tevI puravAra thAya che ke Izvara sarvajJa che. jevI rIte niyataviSayane grahaNa karanArI indriyonI apekSAe indriyono preraka jIva sarvajJa che tevI rIte jIvonAM karmone anurUpa phaLa sAthe joDavA zaktimAna Izvara tema karavAne azakta jIvonI apekSAe sarvajJa che.54 asarvajJatAnuM kAraNa rAga Adi doSo che. te doSo IzvaramAM nathI, tethI te sarvajJa che. 15 IzvaranuM jJAna nitya che. sRSTinI sthiti daramyAna jo eka kSaNa paNa te jJAnarahita banI jAya to karmAdhIna vividha prakArano vyavahAra ja jagatamAM aTakI jAya kAraNa ke karmo IzvarapreraNAthI ja kAryamAM pravRtta thAya che. A to iSTa nathI. eTale sRSTinI sthiti daramyAna to teno vinAza nathI, te nitya che. pralaya vakhate tenA nAzanuM koI kAraNa na hoI teno nAza thato nathI. sargakALe tenI utpattinuM koI kAraNa nahoI teno utpAda thato nathI. Ama te nitya che. 16 tenuM jJAna eka ja che. tenA jJAnamAM koI pheraphAra-bheda-Avato nathI kAraNa ke tenuM jJAna atIta, anAgata, sUkSma, vyavahita badhI vastuone jANe che. te badhAM yone-viSayone yugapaE jANe che eTale tenA jJAnamAM bheda paDato nathI. jo kaho ke te badhA viSayone kramathI jANe che eTale tenA jJAnamAM bheda paDavo saMbhave che to te barAbara nathI, kAraNa ke ananta viSayone kamathI jANI zakAya ja nahi. tethI AkramathI jANavAno mata svIkAratAM to tenAmAM ajJAtRtva Ave ane pariNAme karmaphaladAnarUpa vyavahArano lopa thAya.' IzvaranuM jJAna pratyakSa jevuM hoI pratyakSa kahevAya che. te pratyakSanI jema IndriyasannikarSathI utpanna thatuM nathI. artho IzvarajJAnane utpanna karatA nathI. * jeTalA AtmaguNo IzvaramAM che te badhA nitya ja che, kAraNa ke te guNo manaHsaMyogathI utpAdya nathI; temane manaHsaMyoganI apekSA nathI. duHkha ane dveSa tene che ja nahi. saMskAra = bhAvanA)nuM paNa tene koI prayojana nathI, kAraNa ke te sarvadA sarvArthadarzI hoI tene smRti ja nathI. tene AnumAnika yA parokSa jJAna che ja nahi. te , bhUtAnugrahavALo hovAthI tenAmAM dharma svAbhAvika ja che, janya nathI. te dharmanuM phaLa parArtha jagannirmANa che. tenAmAM nitya sukha che, kAraNa ke AgamamAM tenuM tevuM varNana che. je sukhI na hoya te AvAM kAryo karavAnI yogyatA na dharAvI zake. 19

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara " IzvaranI icchA paNa nitya che. ahIM koI zaMkA kare che ke icchAne nitya mAnatAM sarvadA jagatanI utpatti thatI ja raheze ane tene kyAreya anna nahi Ave. sargecchA nitya hoI saMhAra thaze ja nahi, yA saMhArecchA nitya hoI pralayanI dhArA paNa aTakaze nahi. A zaMkA barAbara nathI. IzvaranI icchA nitya che eno artha e ke te svarUpathI nitya che, te AtmamanaHsaMyogathI utpAgha nathI. paraMtu te icchAno viSaya kyAreka sarga hoya che ane kyAreka saMhAra hoya che. sargasaMhAranI madhyamAM arthAt jagatanI sthitinI avasthAmAM A karmanuM A phaLa Ane maLo' evI icchA Izvarane hoya che." teno prayatna e vizeSa prakArano saMkalpa ja che. 21 Ama nava AtmavizeSaguNomAMthI IzvaramAM pAMca che-jJAna, sukha, icchA, prayatna ane dharma. tenAmAM duHkha, dveSa, adharma ane saMskAra A cAra AtmavizeSaguNo nathI. tethI te eka viziSTa prakArano AtmA ja che, AtmAthI juduM dravya nathI. 22 IzvaranA vize eka prazna uThAvavAmAM Ave che. kriyAvAna ja kartA hoya che. Izvara to azarIrI che eTale tenAmAM kriyA saMbhave nahi. tethI azarIrI kartA hoI zake nahi. azarIrI kartA hoya evo eka paNa dAkhalo jagatamAM joyo jAyo nathI. A praznanA uttaramAM jayaMta kahe che ke IzvaranI bAbatamAM kartatvano artha che jJAna, cikIrSA ane prayatna(volitional effort)no yoga(=saMbaMdha). te IzvaramAM che ja. azarIrarUpa jIvAtmA potAnA zarIrane preraNA kare che ja. eTale, preraNA karavArUpa kartRtva mATe zarIrarUpa hovuM Avazyaka nathI. icchAmAtrarUpa teno vyApAra hovAthI ananta kAryo te karI zake che ane vaLI tene koI paNa jAtano kleza thato nathI. icchAmAtrathI ja te paramANuone svakAryotpattimAM prere che ema mAnI zakAya nahi, kAraNa ke jaDa paramANuo tenI icchA jANI zake nahi ane icchA jANyA vinA IcchAnusAra pravRtti kevI rIte karI zake? A praznanA uttaramAM jayaMta jaNAve che ke jIvanuM acetana zarIra jIvanI icchA pramANe vartatuM hoya to pachI acetana paramANuone IzvarecchAnusAra vartavAmAM zo bAdha Ave?"* - Izvara sRSTi kema kare che? evo eno svabhAva ja che ke kyAreka te vizvanuM sarjana kare che ane kyAreka teno saMhAra kare che. paraMtu amuka niyata kALe ja sRSTi karavAno ane amuka niyata kALe ja saMhAra karavAno teno svabhAva kema che ? uttaramAM jayaMta kahe che ke sUryane ja juone, teno niyata kALe UgavAno ane niyata kALe AthamavAno svabhAva nathI ? svabhAvanI bAbatamAM prazna karavo ayogya che.15 athavA, Izvara krIDArthe jagata sarje che. kevaLa duHkhIo ja kIDA kare che evuM nathI. jeo duHkhI nathI hotA teo paNa krIDA kare che. athavA, anukaMpAthI Izvara sarga-saMhAra kare che. ahIM koI zaMkA uThAve che ke pralayamAM jIvo duHkhI na hoI anukaMpAne pAtra nathI ane pariNAme temanA pratyenI

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88 bhAratIya tattvajJAna anukaMpAthI Izvara sRSTi kare che ema mAnavuM bArabara nathI. A zaMkAnuM samAdhAna karatAM jayaMta kahe che ke pralayamAMya jIvo dharmAdharmasaMskArothI anuviddha hoya che. dharmAdharmanI jaMjIramAM jakaDAyelA hovAthI jIvo mokSapuramAM pravezI zakatA nathI. zuM A jIvo anukaMpAne pAtra nathI? che ja. jyAM sudhI karmonAM phaLa na bhogavAya tyAM sudhI karmono kSaya azakya che. sarga vinA karmonAM phaLono bhoga azakya che. tethI dharmanAM zubha phaLonA bhoga mATe dayALu Izvara svarga vagere sarje che ane adharmanAM azubha phaLonA bhoga mATe Izvara naraka vagere sarje che. karmone bhogavI thAkI gayelA jIvonA ArAma mATe bhuvanono saMhAra paNa Izvara kare che. Ama A badhuM IzvaranI kRpAnuM pariNAma che.' Izvara jagatanAM badhAM kAryono saMhAra eka sAthe kare e to gaLe UtaratuM nathI, kAraNa ke avinAzI (=nAzanahi pAmelAM) karmonAM phaLonA upabhogamAM koI pratibaMdha saMbhavato nathI. A zaMkAnA uttaramAM jayaMta kahe che ke kSaya nahi pAmelAM karmonI vipAkazakti IzvarecchAthI kuMThita thaI jAya che. tenI icchAthI prerAyelAM karmo ja phaLo Ape che. tenI icchAthI kuMThita thaI gayelAM kamoM phaLo ApatAM aTakI jAya che. Ama kema? enuM kAraNa e che ke karmo acetana che. eTale, cetanathI prerAIne ja karmo svakAryamAM pravRtta thAya che. 29 jo sarga-pralaya tema ja sRSTinI sthitidazAmAM kAryo paNa IzvarecchAthI thatAM hoya to IzvarecchAne ja mAno, karmo ( =dharmAdharma) zA mATe mAno cho ?-A praznanA uttaramAM jayaMta kahe che ke karma vinA jagatanA vaicitryano khulAso thato nathI eTale karma to mAnavAM ja joIe. vadhArAmAM, te jaNAve che ke karmanirapekSa IzvarecchAne ja sarga AdinuM kAraNa mAnavAmAM Ave to traNa doSo Ave-(1) IzvaramAM nirdayatAno doSa Ave. vinA kAraNa dAruNa sarga utpanna karanAro Izvara nirdaya ja gaNAya, (2) vedanA vidhiniSedho nirarthaka banI javAno doSa Ave. IzvaranI icchAthI ja-karma vinA-zubhAzubha phalajoga saMbhavato hoya to vedanA vidhiniSedho vyartha thaI paDe, ane (3) muktone paNa IzvarecchAthI punaH saMsAramAM pravezavuM paDe, arthAt anirmokSadoSa Ave. eTale ja nyAyavaizeSika karmasApekSa IzvarecchAne sarga AdinuM kAraNa mAne che. 30 vedano kartA Izvara che. nitya jJAna Adi dharAvanAra, nityamukta, jagatkartA eka Izvara vedano kartA che tevo spaSTa ullekha sauprathama, jyAM sudhI huM samaju chuM tyAM sudhI, jayaMtanI nyAyamaMjarImAM maLe che. kaNAde to eTaluM ja kahyuM che ke vedavAkyonI racanA buddhipUrvakanI che. gautama Aptavacanane zabdapramANa gaNe che-Agama gaNe che ane tenuM prAmANya paNa Ayurveda Adi zAstronA prAmANyanI mAphaka ja nirNata thAya che ema jaNAve che.135 prazastapAde mahezvarane vekartA tarIke varNavyA nathI. vAtsayAyana spaSTapaNe sAkSAtkRtadharmA RSione ja vedanA draSTAo ane pravaktAo gaNe che. draSTAo ane

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 'pravaktAo A be zabdo bahuvacanamAM vaparAyelA che e dhyAnamAM levuM mahattvanuM che. vAsyAyanane mane koI eka nitya Izvara vedano kartA nathI kAraNa ke temaNe tevA Izvarane svIkAryo ja nathI. udyotakare eka nitya jagartA IzvaranI kalpanA svIkArI hovA chatAM evo Izvara vedano kartA che evuM temaNe spaSTa kahyuM nathI ane teo paNa sAkSAtkRtadharmA RSione ja vedanA kartA tarIke svIkAratA lAge che. Ama vedone pauruSeya- puruSakRta mAnavAno siddhAnta nyAyazeSikomAM pahelethI arthAt kaNAdasamayathI hovA chatAM te puruSa, jayaMtanA samaya sudhI, eka nitya jagatkartA Izvara nathI paraMtu sAkSAtkRtadharmA aneka puruSo che arthAt RSimunio che. sau prathama jayaMta eka nitya jagatkartA Izvarane vedanA kta jaNAve che. yaMte IzvaramAM AnaMdano spaSTapaNe sauprathamavAra svIkAra karyo che ane tene mate A AnaMda kevaLa duHkhAbhAvarUpa nathI paraMtu vidhyAtmaka (positive) che e tenA pratipAdana uparathI phalita thAya che. (7) zrIdhara ane Izvara - IzvaramAM karuNA che eTale te jIvone mATe sRSTi utpanna kare che. jo IzvaramAM jIvo ' pratye karaNA che to sukhamayI ja sRSTi kema te utpanna nathI karato? AnA uttaramAM zrIdhara kahe che ke te jIvonA dharmAdharmonI sahAyathI sRSTi utpanna kare che eTale te kevaLa sukhamayI sRSTi utpanna kyAMthI kare? paraMtu tethI temanI karuNAne kaMI AMca AvatI nathI, kAraNa ke sRSTigata duHkha jIvomAM vairAgya utpanna karI temanA mokSanuM kAraNa bane che.* jo sRSTinI utpatti karavAmAM Izvarane jIvonA dharmAdharma upara AdhAra rAkhavo paDato hoya to tenuM IzvarapaNuM kyAM rahyuM, tenuM svAtaMtrya kyAM rahyuM ? AnA uttaramAM zrIdhara jaNAve che ke Izvara jIvone temanAM karma anusAra phaLo Ape emAM enA IzvarapaNAne ke enI svAdhInatAne kaMI bAdha Avato nathI. UlaTuM, te tenuM IzvarapaNuM puravAra kare che. zeTha. tenA sevakonI yogyatAne lakSamAM laI anurUpa phaLa Ape to zeTha zeTha maTI jato nathI. Izvara pratyeka jIvanI samakSa tenA karmane anurUpa bhogasAmagrI upasthita kare che; tenA karmanA vipAkakALe te karmanuM yogya phaLa utpanna karI jIva samakSa upasthita kare che. 35 IzvaranI bAbatamAM koI nIce pramANe vAMdho uThAve che. jagatamAM ghaTa, paTa vagere kAryono je kartA ApaNane dekhAya che te zarIrI che. tethI jagatano kartA paNa zarIrI ja mAnavo joIe. ghaTakAryano rtA kuMbhAra sauprathama te kArya utpanna karavA kyAM kAraNo joIe te jANe che, pachI te te kAraNonI madadathI kAryane utpanna karavA Icche che, pachI tene anukULa prayatna (= utsAha, volitional effort) kare che, pachI zarIra pAse anurUpa vyApAra (= ceSTA) karAve che, pachI anya kAraNone kAryotpattimAM pravRtta kare che, pachI kArya utpanna kare che. kAraNone jANyA vinA, yogya icchA vinA, anurUpa prayatna vinA

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna ane anukULa zarIravyApAra vinA koI kartA kArya utpanna karato hoya evuM lokamAM dekhyuM nathI. tethI Izvara paNa jo jagatano kta hoya to te zarIrI ja hovo joIe. jo kaho ke ezvaryanA atizayane kAraNe Izvara zarIra vinA ja jagata utpanna kare che to te barAbara nathI, kAraNa ke e ja tarkane laMbAvI pUchI zakAya ke buddhi vinA ja (arthAtu kevaLa icchAthI ja) potAnA atirAyane kAraNe te kema jagatane utpanna karato nathI? jo kaho ke jagatamAM ghaTa, paTa vagere kAryano kartA buddhimAna che mATe jagatano kartA paNa buddhimAna hovo joIe to to e ja takane AdhAre e paNa svIkAravuM joIe ke jagatano kartA zarIrI che kAraNa ke ghaTa, paTa Adino kartA zarIrI che. - zrIdhara Ano vistRta javAba Ape che. te A che : kartRtva zuM che? zarIra sAthe saMbaMdha hovo te' kartutva che ke "je kAraNomAM kArya utpanna karavAnuM sAmarthya jaNAyuM hoya te kAraNone kAryotpattimAM preravA te' kartutva che? jo "zarIra sAthe saMbaMdha hovo te katRtva hoya to suSupta vyaktimAM ane kArya karavAmAM udAsIna vyaktimAM paNa katRtva mAnavuM paDaze. tethI yogya kAraNone kAryotpattimAM preravA te' ja kartutva che ema svIkAravuM joIe, ane nahi ke zarIra sAthe saMbaMdha hovo te kartutva che ema. A jAtanuM kartRtva zarIrasaMbaMdha vinA paNa zakaya che. udAharaNArtha, jIvAtmAne potAnA zarIrane gheravA mATe koI anya zarIra sAthe saMbaMdha jarUrI nathI - jIva svataH ja potAnA zarIrane prere che. jo kaho ke jIvano pUrvakarmArjita zarIra sAthe je saMbaMdha che te ja tene te zarIranI preraNA karavAmAM sahAyaka kAraNa che to te barAbara nathI, kAraNa ke teno potAnA zarIra sAthe saMbaMdha hovA chatAM te potAnA zarIrathI potAnA zarIrane prere che ema mAnI zakAya nahi; game teTalo kuzaLa na hoya to paNa te pote potAnA khabhA upara caDhI zake nahi ane game teTalI tIkSNa charI hoya to paNa te pote potAne kApI zake nahi; tevI ja rIte, zarIra cetananI sahAyathI paNa pote potAne preraNA karI zake nahi. jo kaho ke jema jIve karelI preraNAno Azraya te zarIra che-arthAt jIva zarIrane preraNA kare che, tema Izvare karelI preraNAno Azraya paNa tenuM zarIra hovuM joIe ne? to teno uttara e che ke Izvare karelI preraNAno Azraya paramANuo che-IzvaranI preraNAthI paramANuo svakAryamAM pravRtta thAya che. vaLI, virodhI zaMkA uThAve che ke svazarIrane jIva icchA ane prayatna dvArA prere che ane icchA-prayatnanuM kAraNa zarIra che eTale icchA-prayatnanA janana dvArA zarIra pote ja potAne prerI zake che ema mAnavuM joIe; Ama jema jIvane svazarIrane gheravA svazarIra sAthe saMbaMdha jarUrI che tema Izvarane paNa paramANuone preravA zarIrasaMbaMdha jarUrI che. A zaMkAnuM samAdhAna e che ke jIvanI bAbatamAM tenAM icchA ane prayatnanuM kAraNa zarIra che paraMtu utpanna thaI gayelAM IchA ane prayatna jyAre zarIrane preraNA kare che tyAre preraNAnuM kAraNa zarIra nathI tyAre to zarIra preraNAnuM karma che

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara arthAt preraNArUpa kriyA zarIra upara thAya che. Ama kArakone kAryotpattimAM preravArUpa kartRtvamAM zarIranI apekSA che ja evo niyama khoTo che, kAraNa ke zarIravyAmAra vinA kevaLa icchA (will) ane prayatna(volitional effort)thI ja cetana(yogI) jaDa vastuone prerato dekhAya che. jo koI pUche ke icchA ane prayatnanI utpatti mATe to zarIranI apekSA che ne ?-to teno javAba eTalo ja che ke utpattizIla ( = anitya) IcchA ane prayatnane mATe zarIranI apekSA bhale hoya paraMtu jyAM icchA ane prayatna nitya ane svAbhAvika hoya tyAM te baMnene zarIranI apekSA che ema mAnavuM anucita che, vyartha che. IzvaramAM buddhi, icchA ane prayatna nitya che, jIvamAM te anitya che. baMneya AtmAo che to ekamAM te nitya ane bIjAmAM te anitya ema kema ? Azrayabhede eka ja guNa nitya ane anitya jagatamAM dekhAya che. udAharaNArtha, jalIya ane tejasa paramANuomAM rU5 nitya =apAkaja) che, jyAre pArthiva paramANuomAM rU5 anitya (= pAkaja) che. jIvo paramANuone kAryotpattimAM prerI na zake kAraNa ke jIvo svakarmopArjita indriyo dvArA ja viSayone jANatA hovAthI temane zarIrotpatti pahelAM viSayonuM jJAna ja hotuM nathI to sarvaviSayonuM jJAna kyAMthI hoya? ane sarva viSayonA jJAna vinA sRSTi jevuM kArya utpanna karavuM azakya che. tethI asarvajJa jIvothI bhinna sarvajJa IzvaranI kalpanA karavAmAM AvI che. Avo Izvara ja sRSTikartA che, ane jaDa paramANuo ane karmono adhiSThAtA che. - Izvara eka che ke aneka? AnA uttaramAM zrIdhara kahe che ke te eka che, kAraNa ke jo Izvara aneka hoya ane asarvajJa hoya to jIvonI jema teo sRSTikArya karavA asamartha ja hoya. jo Izvarane aneka mAnI badhAne sarvajJa mAnavAmAM Ave, to ekathI vadhu Izvara mAnavAnuM koI prayojana rahetuM nathI kAraNake sarvajJa eka IzvarathI sRSTikArya thaI jaze. vaLI, badhA Izvaro sarvajJa hoya to paNa teo samakakSa hoI temanI vacce sadA ekamatya to nahIM ja rahe. eTale aneka sarvajJa Izvaro mAnavA karatAM eka sarvajJa Izvara ja mAnavo joIe. jo aneka sarvajJa Izvaro mAnIne paNa temAMnA ekanA ja abhiprAyane bAkInA badhA sarvajJa Izvaro svIkArI tadanusAra varte che ema mAnavAmAM Ave to pelo eka ja kharekhara Izvara kahevAvAne lAyaka che, bIjA sarvajJo nahi. jo kaho ke sarvajJa IzvaromAM vyaktigata matabheda hovA chatAM temanI pariSade sRSTikArya karavAnA karelA nirNayane anusarI te badhA Izvaro. ekabIjAno virodha karyA vinA sRSTikArya kare che, to eno artha e thaze ke temAMno koI Izvara nathI. A uparathI puravAra thAya che ke Izvara eka ja che." Izvara sarvajJa che. tethI koI paNa viSayano koIpaNa vizeSa tenAthI ajJAta nathI. Ane kAraNe ja AvA ajJAnane laI utpanna thanAruM mithyAjJAna paNa tenAmAM nathI. eTale

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92 bhAratIya tattvajJAna ja mithyAjJAnamUlaka rAga-dveSa paNa tenAmAM nathI. rAga-dveSa na hovAthI pravRtti paNa tenAmAM nathI. pravRtti na hovAthI dharma-adharma paNa tenAmAM nathI kAraNa ke pravRtti ja dharmaadharmanuM kAraNa che. dharma-adharma tenAmAM na hovAthI sukha-duHkha paNa tenAmAM nathI. badhA ja viSayono anubhava tenAmAM sadAya raheto hovAthI tenAmAM smRti nathI, saMskAra paNa nathI. tethI ja keTalAka IzvaramAM saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga, vibhAga, jJAna, icchA ane prayatna A ATha guNo mAne che. bIjAo tenI buddhimAM ja avyAhata kriyAzaktino samAveza karIne icchA ane prayatnano buddhimAM ja antarbhAva kare che; Ama teo icchA ane prayatnane buddhithI alaga gaNAvatA nathI; tethI temanA mate IzvaramAM cha ja guNo che. Izvara banne paNa nathI ke mukta paNa nathI. tene nityamukta kahI zakAya. 141 (8) uddayanAcArya ane Izvara nyAyaveroSika paraMparAmAM IzvaraviSayaka nirUpaNanI parAkASThA udayanAcAryakRta 'nyAyakusumAMjali' ane 'Atmatattvaviveka'mAM jovA maLe che. eTale ja udayanAcArya pote Izvarane uddezIne kahe che ke tAruM astitva mAre adhIna che (mavadhInA tava sthitiH). udayanAcArye IzvaranA astitvane puravAra karavA nIcenI dalIlo rajU karI che. (1) vAryAt42-jagatamAM pRthvI vagere che. te vinAzI, sAvayava ane avAntara parimANavALAM che (arthAt aNuparimANa ane paramamahatparimANa vaccenA parimANo dharAve che). tethI te badhAM kAryo che. temano kartA dekhAto nathI. paraMtu kArya kartA vinA saMbhavatuM na hoI temano paNa koI kartA to hovo ja joIe. ghaTano kartA kuMbhAra che. tevI ja rIte, pRthvI vagereno paNa koI kartA che ja. te kartA e ja Izvara che. (2) AyoganAC`42-pralayamAM paramANuomAM karma (=gati, motion) to hoya che. paraMtu te karmathI paramANuono kAryAraMbhaka saMyoga thato nathI, ane pariNAme paramANuomAMthI dracaNukAdikrame kAryo banatAM nathI. 14 tethI pralayamAM paramANuomAM je karma hoya che tene anAraMbhaka (bereft of causal efficiency) karma kahevAmAM Ave che. paramANuomAMthI kArya banavA mATe paramANuono kAryAraMbhaka saMyoga thavo joIe, ane paramANuono Avo saMyoga thavA mATe paramANuomAM AraMbhaka karma utpanna thavuM joIe; paramANuonA kAryAraMbhaka saMyoganuM kAraNa AraMbhaka karma che. A AraMbhaka karma paramANuomAM utpanna karI te dvArA paramANuonuM saMyojana karanAra koIka hovo joIe. te ja Izvara che, Izvarane mAnyA vinA anAraMbhaka karmane sthAne AraMbhaka karma thavAno koI khulAso maLato nathI. eTale paramANuomAM AraMbhaka karma pedA karanAro ane paramANuonA kAryAraMbhaka saMyogono prayojaka-Ayojaka-koI mAnavo ja joIe. te ja Izvara che. (3) dhRtyAre 1420(a) gurutvavALI vastuo nIce paDe che. gurutvavALI vastuone paDatI rokanAra cetanano prayatna che. ApaNo prayatna ApaNA zarIrane nIce paDatAM roke che.

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* bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 93 UDatA paMkhIno prayatna tenA zarIrane nIce paDatAM roke che. uDatA paMkhIe cAMcamAM paDelI jaDa vastu te paMkhInA prayatnathI nIce paDatI nathI kAraNa ke prayatnavALA paMkhIe tene dhAraNa karelI che. gurutvavALI jaDa vastune koI prayatnavALI cetana vyaktie dhAraNa karelI hoya to te nIce paDatI nathI. graha, upagraha, vagere acetana che tema chatAM te nIce paDatAM nathIpotAnI kakSAmAMthI vyuta thatAM nathI. eTale mAnavuM paDe che ke koI prayatnavALI cetana vyaktie temane dhAraNa karI rAkhyA hovA joIe. A vyakti te ja Izvara che. Ama Izvara samagra brahmAMDano dhAraka che.14 3 (1) 'mRtyAre4-zabdamAM 'Adi' pada che. te 'Adi' padathI nArA abhipreta che. tarka A pramANe che : jema kAryanI utpatti mATe nimittakAraNa (=utpAdakartA) jarUrI che tema kAryanA nAza mATe paNa nimittakAraNa (=nAzartA) jarUrI che.45 nyAyaveroSika mate vastusvabhAvathI ja nArA pAmatI nathI. vastuno vinArA nirdetuka nathI. jo vastuno vinAza nirdetuka mAnavAmAM Ave to vastu kSaNika banI jAya ane sthAyI dravya jevI koI vastu rahe nahi. tethI nyAyaveroSiko vastunA nAzane sahetuka mAne che. ghaDAne lAkaDIthI phaTako mAravAmAM Ave che tyAre ja ghaDo AghAtathI phUTe che. ahIM phaTako mAranAra-AdhAta karanAra ghaTanAzao che. tevI ja rIte, jagatanAM je kAryono nAzakartA jaNAto na hoya teno paNa nAzarto hovo to joIe ja; te che Izvara. vaLI, samagra vizvanA nAzartA tarIke Izvarane mAnavo joIe. IzvaranI icchAthI sargAnte vizvane jabbara AdhAta lAge che ane badhAM kAryo paramANuomAM vighaTana pAmI jAya che. A AghAta paramANuomAM anAraMbhaka gati ane vega pedA kare che. AghAtathI janmelo vega anAraMbhaka karmane pralayAnta sudhI cAlu rAkhe che." vizvanA nAzakartA tarIke cetana vyaktine mAnyA vinA chUTako nathI. te cetana vyakti e ja Izvara che. (4) vAt`4"-(a) amuka artha(=vastu) mATe amuka pada vaparAya che. 'amuka zabdano amuka artha che' evo zabda-arthano saMketa che. A saMtanuM jJAna ApaNane vaDIlo Ape che. paraMtu 'amuka vastu amuka zabdavAcya che' evo saMketa sauprathama ryo koNe ? AvA saMketano pravartaka je che te Izvara che. pralayakALe vizvanA nArA sAthe badhA saMketo nArA pAme che ane sRSTinI utpatti sAthe Izvara navA saMketo utpanna kare che-te mATe te koI pUrvasaMketo upara AdhAra rAkhato nathI. 4 (va) sRSTinI utpatti sAthe te navA saMketo Ape che eTaluM ja nahi paNa klAone paNa te ja zarU kare che. pAtro banAvavAnI kalA, kapaDuM vaNavAnI kalA, lipikalA, lekhanakalA, vagere kalAone sRSTinA AraMbhe sauprathama te ja jIvone zikhavADe che. guruziSya paraMparA dvArA lAo ApaNA samaya sudhI UtarI AvI che. A paraMparA kacAMthI zarU thaI hovI joIe. arthAt, kalAono Adya pravartaka-AviSkAraka-Adi guru-koI hovo ja joIe. te ja Izvara che. 14.

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna * ahIM koI zaMkA uThAve che ke Izvara azarIrI hoI te kevI rIte kalAonuM kauzala jIvone dekhADI kalAo zikhavI zake ? Ano uttara ApatAM udayanAcArya spaSTa zabdomAM kahe che ke Izvara paNa kAryavazAt vacce vacce zarIra dhAraNa kare che ane vibhUti darzAve che.48 - udayanano A uttara sAMbhaLI koI Apatti kare che ke nyAyavaizeSiko zarIrane bhogAyatana gaNe che. jo Izvarane dharma na hoya to tene bhogAyatana paNa na ja hoya ane IzvaramAM dharma mAnavo to ISTa nathI. TIkAkAra vardhamAna A asaMgatine dUra karavA mATe prayatna kare che. te kahe che ke Izvarano dharma tenA zarIranuM kAraNa nathI paraMtu jIvono dharma IzvaranA zarIranuM kAraNa che.49 (5) pratyutara vedamAM viSayavastunuM yathArtha nirUpaNa che. vedamAM kahevAmAM AveluM badhuM satya che. veda pramANa che. vedanuM prAmANya nirdoSa vyaktine sUcave che. rAga ATha doSavALI vyaktinAM vacano apramANa hoya che-ayathArtha hoya che, jyAre rAga Adi doSarahita vyaktinAM vacano yathArtha ja hoya che; rAga Adi doSarahita vyakti ja vastune yathArtha jANI zake che ane jevI teNe te vastune jANI hoya tevI ja nirUpI zake che; rAga Adi doSarahita vyakti sarvajJa hoya che. AvI rAga Adi doSarahita sarvaza vyaktinAM vacanorUpa veda hovAthI vedanuM prAmANya che. Ama vedanuM prAmANya rAga Adi doSarahita sarvajJa vyaktine arthAt Izvarane puravAra kare che. (6) zrakhara-vedanA prAmANya upathI nirdoSa Izvarane upara puravAra karyo che. paraMtu mImAMsaka prazna UThAve che ke vedanA prAmANya uparathI teno koI ja kartA nathI ema kema mAnatA nathI? nyAyavaizeSiko uttara Ape che ke Ayurveda vagere zAstro jema puruSakRta che tema veda paNa puruSakRta ja hovo joIe. vedano je kartA che te ja Izvara che. | (7) vAcAveda vAkyarUpa che. vedavAkyo uparathI puravAra thAya che ke vedano koI kartA hovo ja joIe. mahAbhAratagata vAkyonA kartA jema vyAsa che tema veThagata vAkyonA kartA paNa hovA ja joIe. vedagata vAkyonA je kartA che te ja Izvara che. (8) sa vizeSA-sRSTayAraMbhe be aNuono saMyoga thaI AyaNuka bane che. caNakanuM parimANa aNuparimANajanya nathI kAraNa ke jo tenA parimANane aNuparimANajanya mAnavAmAM Ave to tenuM (= dvacaNakanuM) parimANa aNutara binavAnI Apatti Ave; te mahatparimANajanya paNa nathI kAraNa ke aNu omAM mahatparimANa nathI, vaLI dvacaNukanA parimANane mahatparimANa nyAyavaizeSiko gaNatA nathI. dvacaNakanuM parimANa paNa aNuparimANa ja che, paNa aNunA aNuparimANa ane dvacaNakanA aNuparimANa vacce kaMIka bheda che; dvacaNakanuM aNuparimANa kaMIka ochuM aNuparimANa che arthAt aNunA parimANa karatAM

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara dvacaNakanuM parimANa kaMIka sthaLa che. AvI paristhiti hoI dvacaNakanuM parimANa zenAthI utpanna thAya che e prazna jAge che. A praznanA ukela mATe nyAya-vaizeSikoe evo siddhAnta mAnyo che ke saMkhyAthI paNa parimANa utpanna thaI zake che. dvacaNakanuM aNuparimANa be paramANuomAM rahelI dvitvasaMkhyAthI utpanna thAya che. paraMtu nyAyavaizeSikane mate dhitva, vagere saMkhyAnI utpatti mATe A eka che ane A paNa eka che' evI apekSAbuddhi Avazyaka che. apekSAbuddhi e to cetanano dharma che, ane jIvoe to haju zarIra, indriyo vagere prApta karyo nathI, eTale jIvonI apekSAbuddhi A dvitvasaMkhyAnI utpattimAM kAraNabhUta na ja hoI zake. tethI je cetananI apekSAbuddhi sRSTicAraMbhe paramANuomAM dvitvasaMkhyA utpanna kare che te Izvara che.50 jIvano prayatna jene sAkSAt prere che te tenuM zarIra che, tema Izvara jene sAkSAt prere tene tenuM zarIra gaNAya. Izvaraprayatna paramANuone sAkSAt prere che. eTale e arthamAM paramANuo IzvaranuM zarIra gaNAya. udayanAcArya A arthamAM ja paramANuone IzvaranuM zarIra mAne che. 52 vaLI, udayanAcArye Adya kalApravartaka tarIke Izvarane siddha karatI vakhate jenA vaDe kalAkauzala batAvI zakAya-zikhavADI zakAya evuM zarIra paNa Izvara dhAraNa kare che ema kahyuM che. tema chatAM Izvara azarIrI che e nyAyavaizeSika paraMparAnA sthApita matano te virodha nathI karatA. te IzvaramAM AnandaguNa mAnatA lAge che." temaNe Izvarane vedakartA paNa mAnyo che. A be bAbatomAM teo jayaMtane anusare che. teo buddhi, icchA ane prayatna traNeyane IzvaramAM mAne che. - udayanAcArye eka mahattvanA praznanI carcA karI che. te A che-"zarIra vinA buddhi nathI ane zarIra dUra thatAM buddhi dUra thAya che, AvuM to anitya buddhinI bAbatamAM che, paraMtu nitya buddhine zarIranI koI upayogitA nathI, eTale nitya buddhivALo Izvara azarIrI che AmanyAyavaizeSiko kahe che. paraMtu e ja tane laMbAvIne kahI zakAya ke jo Izvarano prayatna nitya che to tene paNa jJAna-icchAnI koI upayogitA na hovI joIe. zA mATe nitya prayatna uparAMta IzvaramAM buddhi ane IcchA mAno cho? A praznano udayanAcArye Apelo uttara vicAraNIya che. te jaNAve che ke anitya prayatnamAM be dharmo che-(1) te jJAnajanya che, (2) jJAnano je viSaya hoya che te ja teno viSaya hoya che. nitya hoI tene AtmalAbha (=svotpatti) mATe jJAnanI jarUra nathI paraMtu viSayane mATe to tene jJAnanI jarUra che.55 prayatna svarUpathI ja viSayapravaNa nathI. jo tene svarUpathI ja viSayapravaNa mAnavAmAM Ave to prayatna ane jJAnamAM koI bheda rahe ja nahi. prayatna ane jJAna vacce A ja bheda che ke prayatna svarUpathI arthapravaNa nathI jyAre jJAna svarUpathI arthapravaNa che. jo IzvaranA nitya

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna prayatnane nirviSaya mAnavAmAM Ave to evo nirviSaya prayatna viSayono (=paramANuono) preraka kevI rIte banI zake? eTale, prayatnane saviSaya ja mAnavo joIe, ane tene saviSaya mAno eTale jJAna mAnavuM ja paDe kAraNa ke te jJAna dvArA ja saviSaya bane che. ahIM koI zaMkA uThAvI zake ke vAyavezeSikoe suSuptAvasthAmAM mAnelo jIvanapUrvaka prayatna to jJAnecchApUrvaka na hovA chatAM saviSaya che, to pachI teo IzvaranA nitya prayatnane paNa jJAna-icchAnirapekSa saviSaya kema nathI mAnatA? udayana Ano uttara ApatAM kahe che ke jIvanapUrvaka prayatna jJAnecchApUrvaka prayatnathI bhinna jAtino che eTale jIvanapUrvaka prayatnane AdhAre je prayatna jIvanapUrvaka nathI evA nitya IzvaraprayatnanI bAbatamAM evo nizcaya karI zakAya nahi.50 IzvaramAM buddhi, icchA ane prayatna mAnavAnI bAbatamAM nyAyavaizeSika vicArakonA matabhedanuM tArkika mULa prayatnanuM kAraNa icchA che. icchAnuM kAraNa buddhi che. jJAna pachI icchA thAya che, icchA pachI prayatna thAya che. have jo prayatna nitya hoya to buddhi ane icchAne mAnavAnuM koI prayojana nathI. jeo IzvaramAM prayatnane nathI mAnatA paNa buddhi ane icchAne mAne che teo icchAne nitya mAne che, eTale temaNe buddhine mAnavAnI jarUra nathI. jeo icchA ane prayatnanena mAnI kevaLa buddhine ja IzvaramAM mAne che temanI viruddha A daSTie kaMI kahI zakAya nahi, A daSTie teo sAcA lAge che. zrIdhara IzvaramAM kevaLa buddhine ja mAne che. paraMtu Izvara kevaLa jJAna dharAvato hoya to te jaganirmANa kevI rIte karI zake? tethI, icchA to IzvaramAM mAnavI ja joIe. IzvaramAM IcchA mAnIe eTale tene nitya ja mAnavI joIe, ane AvI nitya icchA jJAnane nirarthaka nahi banAvI che? nA, jJAna nirarthaka nahi bane. IzvaranI icchA svarUpathI nitya che-arthAt te manaHsaMyogasApekSa nathI. paraMtu teno viSaya to koI vakhate A hoya che to koI vakhate te hoya che. tenA viSayanuM niyAmaka jJAna che. IzvaranuM jJAna to yugapad sarvaviSayaka che to tenI icchA yugapa sarvaviSayaka kema nathI? jIva paNa je viSayone jANato hoya che te badhAne icchato nathI paNa je bhogayogya hoya che tene ja icche che. tevI ja rIte, Izvara badhA ja viSayone jANe che kharo paNa je viSayo te te vakhate te te jIvanA bhogane yogya hoya che temane ja icche che. A bhogayogyatA Izvara jJAnathI jANe che. jIva paNa amuka vastu tene sukhakara che ke duHkhakara te jJAnathI jANe che. A daSTie IzvaramAM jJAna ane icchA baMne mAnanAra sAcA lAge che. udyotakara IzvaramAM jJAna ane icchA baMne mAne che. paraMtu ahIM koI kahI zake ke icchAmAM ja evo atizaya kema nathI mAnatA ke Izvara je vakhate jene mATe je yogya phaLa hoya te vakhate tene mATe te phaLa ja iche? IzvaranI icchA kadI ayogya hoya ja nahi, svataH yogya ja hoya ema kema na mAnavuM? ane Ane ja tenI E

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara icchAno mahattvano atizaya kema na gaNavo? AvI icchA mAnatAM sarvaviSayaka nitya jJAnanI koI jarUra rahetI nathI. eTale IzvaramAM kevaLa icchA mAnanArano mata paNa ghaTI zake che. prazastapAda mahezvaramAM kevaLa saMkalpa ja mAne che, mahezvaranA saMkalpane jJAnanI koI jAtanI apekSA nathI. uttarakAlIna nyAyavaizeSika IzvasvAdanuM jaina ane bauddha ciMtakoe khaMDana karyuM che. dharmakIrtie pramANavArtikamAM, zAntarakSite tattvasaMgrahamAM, kalyANarakSite IzvarabhaMgakArikAmAM ane jJAnazrImitre IzvarasaMkSepadUSaNamAM A IzvaravAdanuM khaMDana karyuM che. A badhA bauddha ciMtako che. haribhadra padanasamuccayamAM ane zAstravArtAsamuccayamAM, hemacaMdra anyayogavyavacchedaDhAtrizikAmAM, guNaratnasUrie padarzanasamuccayaTIkA tarahasyadIpikAmAM ane malliSeNasUrie syAdvAdamaMjarImAM A vAtanuM khaMDana karyuM che. A jana AcAryo che, A sivAya paNa aneka jaina-bauddha graMthomAM A vAdanuM khaMDana maLI zake che. tadgata mukhya tarkonuM nirUpaNa have karIe chIe. (1) vinA vAvya UgI nIkaLanAra tRNa, jaMgalI vRkSa, pahADI choDa vagere avayavavALA hovAthI kArya to avazya che paraMtu emane koI buddhimAna banAvyA nathI. tethI kArya-hetu anekAtika che. jagatamAM be prakAranAM kAryo hoya che-keTalAMka to buddhimAna vaDe banAvAya che jemake ghaTa vagere, paraMtu keTalAMka evAM paNa hoya che jemane buddhimAne utpanna karyA hotA nathI paNa teo ApoApa kudaratI rIte ja utpanna thAya che ane nAza pAme che jemake vinA vAgye uganAra jaMgalI ghAsa vagere. A jaMgalI ghAsa vagereno paNa pakSamAM samAveza karavo arthAt emane paNa Izvaranirmita kahevAM ucita nathI; kAraNa ke je vastuthI hetuno vyabhicAra batAvavAmAM Avyo hoya te ja vastune pakSamAM dAkhala karI devAno rasto apanAvavAmAM Ave to koI paNa hetu vyabhicArI nahIM banI zake. tethI je padArthathI vyabhicAra devAmAM Ave tene pakSamAM dAkhala karI devAnI parIpATI koI paNa rIte ucita nathI. 58. (2) jema agnine zIta siddha karavA ApavAmAM Avela dravyatvahetu agnine garama jANanArA pratyakSathI bAdhita che tema jaMgalI ghAsa vagerene buddhimatkartaka siddha karavA ApavAmAM Avela kArya-hetu jaMgalI ghAsa vageremAM buddhimAna kartAno abhAva jANanAra pratyakSathI bAdhita che. jaMgalI ghAsa vageremAM kartA adazya hovAne kAraNe tenI anupalabdhi mAnavI to bilakula kapolakalpanA ja che, kAraNa ke tyAM adazya kartAno sadbhAva puravAra karavo ja muzkela che. tame ja batAvo ke jaMgalI ghAsamAM adazya kartA A anumAnathI siddha thAya che ke bIjA koI pramANathI? jo A kAryatvahetuvALA anumAnathI kartAnI siddhino prayatna karazo to cakadoSa Avaze. jyAM traNa ke traNathI adhika padArthonI siddhi ekabIjIne adhIna thaI jAya che tyAM cakadoSa Ave che. jyAre

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98 bhAratIya tatvajJAna kAryatvahetuthI kartAno sadbhAva siddha thAya tyAre vinA vAvyA che te ja ra 1 nIkaLanAra jaMgalI ghAsa vageremAM adazya hovAthI kartAnI anupalabdhi mAnavAmAM Ave, ane jyAre e nizcaya thaI jAya ke "jaMgalI ghAsa vageremAM kartAnI anupalabdhi adazya hovAne kAraNe che, kartAnA abhAvane kAraNe nahi tyAre kArya-hetumAM abAdhita viSayatA Ave, tathA jyAre kArya-hetu abAdhita hovAthI kalAtyayAdiSTa (bAdhita) doSathI rahita banI jAya tyAre te kArya-hetu jaMgalI ghAsa vageremAM kartAno sadbhAva siddha karI zake. A rIte cakraduSaNa Ave che. pelA jaMgalI ghAsa vageremAM kartAno sadbhAva siddha karanAra anya koI pramANa to dekhAtuM nathI. 59 (3) IzvaranuM jagatkartutva siddha karavA ApavAmAM Avela 'kAryatA, sannivezaviziSTatA vagere badhA hetuo vyabhicArI paNa che. juo "vIjaLI camake che, megha garje che. ahIM vIjaLI tathA megha Adi kArya che, amuka sannivezaviziSTa paNa che, temanA upAdAnakAraNa paNa acetana paramANu che, teo pahelAM na hatAM pachI thayAM ane camakavA lAgyAM, garjavA lAgyAM, Ama temanAmAM badhA hetuo to che paNa temane koI buddhimAna banAvyAM nathI-teo to Apa meLe paramANuono saMyoga thavAthI banI gayA che. tethI vIjaLI AdimAM hetu hovA chatAM sAdhya na hovAne kAraNe ukta hetu vyabhicArI che. svapna tathA mUrzita Adi avasthAomAM buddhi vinA paNa aneka kAryo thatAM dekhAya che.* (4) IzvaranuM jagatkartRtva AgamabAdhita paNa che. Agama gItAmAM kahyuM che ke " vartutva vaLi tIvI kRti pramu"- "IzvaramAM jagatanuM kartutva nathI, te karmanI racanA karatA nathI ityAdithI aphtatvarUpamAM IzvaranuM pratipAdana karavAmAM AvyuM che.' (5) jagatane akartaka siddha karanAra aneka pratyenumAna mojuda hovAthI kAryatva vagere hetuo prakaraNasama che. akartakatvasAdhaka anumAna nIce pramANe che-Izvara jagatano kartA hoI na zake, kAraNa ke enI pAse jagatane racavA mATenAM upakaraNo nathI. jema daMDa, cAkaDo Adi upakaraNothI rahita kuMbhAra ghaDo nathI banAvI zakato, tevI ja rIte Izvara paNa vinA upakaraNa jagatanuM sarjana karI na zake. bIjuM, Izvara A jagatano kartA ghaTI zakato nathI kAraNa ke te vyApI hovAthI kriyAzUnya che, jemake AkAza. je pote bilakula niSkriya chehAlIcAlI zakto nathI tenAthI jagatanI utpattikriyA mAnI zakAya nahi. Izvara A vicitra jagatano kartA na hoI zake kAraNa ke te eka che, eka svabhAvavALo che, jemake AkAza. AvAM aneka anumAno upasthita karI zakAya.' (6) zAntarakSita kahe che ke mAnava je kAryane kadI utpanna thatAM dekhe che, jevAM ke maMdira, prAsAda, gopura, vagere tevI jAtanAM prasiddha kAryano kartA niHsaMdeha siddha thAya che. paraMtu je AkRtinI vastuone koIe kadI utpanna thatI dekhI nathI, jevI ke parvata Adi,

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 99 te vastuonA kartArUpe buddhimAnanuM anumAna karavuM asaMgata che. tethI anvaya ane vyatirekanA AdhAra para dRSTa kArya uparathI dRSTa kartAnuM anumAna karavuM yuktiyukta che. paraMtu vinA kaMI vicArye samajyuM koI vastu kArya che mATe enA adazya kartAnI kalpanA karavI yuktisaMgata nathI. e satya paNa nathI, paraMtu korI kalpanA che.- parvata Adi sannivezaviziSTa kAryo koI kartA vaDe utpanna thatAM kadI dekhavAmAM AvyAM nathI, evAM kAryo sAthe kartAno svAbhAvika saMbaMdha sthira karavA mATe anvaya ghaTavA chatAM vyatireka ghaTaze ke nahi e saMdeha rahyA kare che, tethI kevaLa AkRti uparathI parvata AdimAM satkRtva siddha thaI zake nahi. jo kevaLa AkRti uparathI ja, vyatirekanA abhAvamAM kAryatvanI sAthe sakartRtvanI vyAmi mAnavAmAM Ave to kuMbhAranI sAthe vakSmIno paNa kadAcit anvaya ghaTe che tathA mRddhikAra hovAthI ghaTa sAthe valbhIkanuM sAdharmsa paNa che eTale ene kuMbhAranI racanA mAnavI paDaze, je sarvathA lokaviruddha che.62 (7) dalIla khAtara ghaDI bhara mAnI laIe ke jaMgalI ghAsa, parvata, vagereno adazya kartA che. paraMtu te adazya kema che ? nyAyavaizeSika kaheze ke tenuM kAraNa te azarIrI che e che. paraMtu azarIrI kartA hoI ja kevI rIte zake ? jevI rIte mukta jIva azarIrI hoI kartA nathI tema A Izvara paNa azarIrI hoI kartA na hoI zake. nyAyavezeSika kaheze ke jagatakartRtvamAM zarIrano koI upayoga nathI. kartA banavA mATe mAtra jJAna, icchA ane prayatna jarUrI che. paraMtu Izvarane zarIra nathI to enAmAM jJAna, icchA ane prayatna paNa na hoI zake. jJAna AdinI utpattimAM zarIra nimittakAraNa che. jo zarIrarUpa nimittakAraNa vinA ja jJAnAThinuM astitva ghaTatuM hoya to mukta AtmAmAM paNa jJAnAdi mAnavAM joIe. ane to jJAnAdi guNonI atyanta nivRttirUpa mukti raheze nahi. 164 jo Izvara paramAtmAnuM svarUpa jJAna Adi hoI zake to mukta AtmAnuM svarUpa jJAna Adi kema na hoI zake ? Izvara aMgenI nyAyavaizeSikonI mAnyatA AtmA aMgenI tema ja tenA vizeSa guNa aMgenI temanI je mULabhUta pAyAnI mAnyatA che tenA upara kuThArAghAta samAna che. (8) Izvara dazya ke adazya jevo hoya tevo, paraMtu te potAnI hAjarI mAtrathI ja jagatano kartA banI jAya che ke jJAnavALo hovAthI, ke jJAna-icchA-prayatnavALo hovAthI ke pachI jJAnAdipUrvaka vyApAra karavAne kAraNe ? jo Izvara potAnI niSkriya upasthiti mAtrathI ja jagatane utpanna karI de che ema mAnIzuM to eka kuMbhAra paNa kahI zake che ke 'A jagata mArI upasthitine kAraNe utpanna thayuM che'; kuMbhAra ja kema, ApaNe badhAM nitya ane vyApaka hovAthI sarvatra haMmezA upasthita rahevAnA chIe mATe ApaNe badhAM kahI zakIe ke 'amArI upasthitine kAraNe ja jagata utpanna thayuM che.' niSkriya upasthiti mAtrathI jo 'sRSTikartA'nuM moTuM pada maLI jatuM hoya to vahetI gaMgAmAM koNa hAtha na dhue ?

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100 bhAratIya tattvajJAna badhAM Izvara banI jaze. jo samasta viSayonuM parijJAna hovA mAtrathI Izvara jagatane sarjato hoya to sarvajJa yogIo paNa jagatanA kartA banI jaze. azarIrI IzvaramAM jJAna-icchAprayatnanuM hovuM muktAtmAnI jema nitAnta asaMbhava che e pahelAM kahI gayA chIe. eTale jJAna-icchA-prayatnavALo hovAne kAraNe Izvara jagatano kartA che ema paNa nahi kahI zakAya. 'jJAnAdipUrvaka vyApAra karavAne kAraNe Izvara jagatano kartA che e cotho vikalpa paNa asaMgata che, kAraNa ke jyAre Izvarane zarIra ja nathI to enAmAM jJAnAdipUrvaka manavacana-kAyAno vyApAra paNa kyAMthI hoI zake? AtmAno jJAnAdipUrvaka vyApAra to zarIramAM ja ke zarIra dvArA ja hoya che. vaLI, vyApAra vaDe jagatanuM sarjana mAnatAM sarjana karavAmAM anaMta kALa jAya. (9) sRSTinA AraMbhamAM badhA ja padArthonuM nirmANa Izvara kare che-nayAyikanA A kathanane anulakSI dhamakIrti pUche che ke sRSTinA AraMbhamAM Izvara je svabhAvathI jagatanI racanA kare che te svabhAva jagataracanA pUrve enAmAM hato ke nahi? jo hato, to prazna UThe che ke te vakhate teNe jagataracanA kema na karI? jo na hato, to prazna thAya ke zA kAraNe enAmAM te svabhAva na hato ? arthAt phalita thAya che ke sRSTi pUrve pralaya daramyAna jagatanuM sarjana karavAno svabhAva IzvaramAM na hato paNa sRSTinuM sarjana karavAno samaya AvatAM IzvaramAM te svabhAva Ave che. bIjA zabdomAM, pralaya daramyAna IzvaramAM kArakatvazakti na hatI paraMtu sarSAraMbhe IzvaramAM kArakatvazakti AvI jAya che. A darzAve che ke jagatanuM nirmANa karavuM e Izvarano svabhAva nathI. e jo eno svabhAva hoya to sadA sarvadA te jagatanuM nirmANa karyA ja kare, pariNAme pralaya asaMbhava banI jAya. Izvara potAno svabhAva na badale tyAM sudhI e saMbhava nathI ke te koI paNa kAryanuM kAraNa bane. pralayamAM je svabhAva Izvarano hoya che tenAthI sarvathA viparIta svabhAva sRSTinA samaye teno hoya che. ane e to niyama che ke koIno paNa svabhAva parivartita thato nathI. jagatanuM nirmANa karavuM Izvarano svabhAva che ema udyotakare kahevuM sarvathA ayuktipUrNa che. jeno svabhAva eka samaye (pralayamAM) virata rahevAno che, te ja e svabhAvane anukULa rahI sRSTinA AraMbhe nirmANavyApAramAM lAgI jAya e to saMbhava ja nathI." vAyavaizeSika kahe che ke Izvara sahakArI kAraNanA sannidhAnathI jagatarUpa kAryanuM nirmANa kare che; e sahakArI kAraNanA abhAvamAM Izvara jagatarUpa kAryanuM nirmANa karato nathI. ahIM prazna UThe che ke sahakArI kAraNa Izvarane kaMI upakAra kare che ke nahi? arthAt sahakArI kAraNa IzvaramAM kaMI vizeSa utpanna kare che ke nahi? jo nA, to sahakArI kAraNanI sannidhi-asannidhithI kaMI phera paDato nathI. tenI asannidhimAM paNa Izvara jagatarUpa kArya utpanna kare ja. jo kaho ke sahakArI kAraNa IzvaramAM vizeSa utpanna kare che, to Izvara nitya raheze nahi ane tenuM parama sAmarthya naSTa thaI jaze. 8

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 101 (10) nyAyavaizeSika mate AtmA phUTasthanitya che. Izvara paNa Atmadravya ja che. tethI te paNa phUTasthanitya ja che. pariNAme, sAMkhyanA kUTasthanitya puruSa(AtmA)nI jema te paNa koInuM kArya ke kAraNa banI razake nahi. (11) eka sAthe badhA jIvonAM badhAM karmo IzvaranI icchAthI potAnAM phaLo (vipAka) ApavAnuM choDI de tema ja eka sAthe badhA jIvonAM badhAM karmo IzvaranI icchAthI potAnAM phaLo ApavA taiyAra (vipAkonmukha) thaI jAya ema mAnavuM karmasiddhAntanI taddana viruddha che. saMcita karma cAre phaLa Apaze teno AdhAra jene kAraNe karma baMdhAyuM che te pravRtti karatI vakhate te jIvanA lezonI tIvratA-maMdatA kevI hatI tenA upara che-A sarvamAnya siddhAnta che. eTale karme cAre phaLa ApavuM ane kacAre phaLa ApavAnI pravRttithI viramI javuM eno AdhAra IzvarecchA upara nathI. bahu tIvra rAgadveSapUrvaka karAyelI pravRttithI baMdhAyelAM karma vartamAna janmamAM ja phaLe che jyAre ochI mAtrAovALA rAgadveSapUrvaka karAyelI pravRttithI baMdhAyelAM karma mAtrAnusAra judA judA janmomAM phaLe che. A bAbata sarvasvIkRta che. paurANika sarga-pralayanI mAnyatA karmasiddhAnta sAthe meLa khAtI nathI. (12) nyAyavaizeSika kahe che ke karma acetana che ane tethI cetana IzvaranI preraNAthI, icchAthI ja potAnI phaladAnanI pravRtti karI zake, anyathA nahi. ahIM prazna e UThe che ke IzvaranI icchA zuM che e acetana karma kevI rIte samajI zake ? ane jo na samajI zake to IzvaranI icchAne anurUpa pravRtti kevI rIte karI zake ? (13) aneka Izvaro mAnavAthI kAryo karavAmAM vivAda thaI zake che ane kAryo bagaDI zake che e DarathI nyAyavaizeSika eka Izvarane mAne che. paraMtu temano Dara ayogya che. jo aneka madhamAkhIo eka suMdara madhapuDo banAvI zake, aneka kIDIo maLI eka rAphaDo banAvI zake, aneka zilpIo eka suMdara mahela banAvI zake to aneka vItarAgI Izvaro maLI sRSTi kema na banAvI zake ? jo badhA Izvaro vItarAgI ane sarvajJa hoya to vivAda ke jhaghaDAno koI saMbhava ja nathI, 169 (14) je kramazaH utpanna thAya che te nitya Izvara dvArA niSpAdita na thaI zake. sAMsArika kAryakalApa yathAkrame thato dekhAya che. tethI e kAryonuM nimittakAraNa Izvara hoI zake nahi. tema chatAM pratyeka vastu IzvarakArita che ema mAnI laIe to naiyAyikano IzvarasAdhaka hetu paNa IzvarakArita ja hovo joIe ane jyAre IzvaranI siddhino prayAsa zarU karyo che tyAre naiyAyikanI IzvarasAdhaka yukti Izvarajanya hovAne kAraNe IzvaranI siddhi pUrve vikala pramANita banaze. 10. (15) IzvaramAM jagatkartRtva ja pramANita thatuM nathI to jagatkartA hovAne kAraNe kAryasamUhanA upAdAnonuM pratyakSa paNa asiddha raheze. ane e pratyakSanA abhAvamAM

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10 2 bhAratIya tatvajJAna sarvajJatAnI vAta to dUra ja raheze, kAraNa ke Izvarane pratyeka kAryanA kartA mAnavA upara ja enI sarvajJatA nirbhara che.'' (16) nitya tathA sarvaviSayaka jJAnathI saMpanna jagatkartA siddha thato nathI. tenA jJAnanI nityatA siddha thatI ja nathI, kAraNa ke viSaya kramika che; tethI viSayasApekSa jJAna paNa kramika ja thaze ane jJAnanuM kamikatva ja jJAnanI anityatAnuM sAdhana che. IzvaranuM jJAna paNa kramika ja thaze. tethI te nitya na hoI zake. * (17) prayojana vinA to mUrkha paNa kAryamAM pravRtta thato nathI. have prazna e thAya che ke Izvara kayA prayojane jagatanirmANamAM pravRtta thAya che ? ahIM nIce pramANe sAta vikalpo thaI zake che koI bIjAnI preraNAthI pravRtta thAya che? potAnI rucithI arthAt IcchAthI pravRtta thAya che? jIvonAM karmone adhIna pravRtta thAya che? prANIo pratyenI karuNAne kAraNe pravRtta thAya che? kIDA arthAt lIlA karavA mATe pravRtta thAya che? sajjano para anugraha karavA tema ja duSTone daMDa devA mATe pravRtta thAya che? ke jagannirmANa karavuM teno svabhAva che tethI pravRtta thAya che? prathama vikalpa ghaTato nathI. jo te koI bIjAnI preraNAthI, potAnI icchA na hovA chatAM, jaganirmANamAM pravRtta thato hoya to tenA svAtaMtryanI rakSA thaze nahi. ane svAtaMtryanA abhAvamAM sAmAnya puruSa ane A lokottara puruSa (Izvara)mAM zuM bheda raheze? bIjo vikalpa paNa ghaTato nathI. jo Izvara potAnI icchA anusAra jevuM manamAM Ave tema jagatanuM sarjana karato hoya to IzvaranI koI vAra anya prakAranI icchA thatAM vilakSaNa prakAranI paNa sRSTi (jagata) hoI zake che. Izvara svatantra che. enI icchA para koI aMkuza nathI. tethI bIjA prakAranuM jagata banAvavAnI icchA saMbhave che. paraMtu haju sudhI to jagatanuM eka ja rUpa ekasarakhuM ja dekhAya-saMbhaLAya che, anya prakAranuM jagata na to dekhyuM che na to sAMbhaLyuM che. trIjo vikalpa paNa ghaTato nathI. jo Izvara jIvonA karmone adhIna rahI jagatanuM nirmANa karato hoya to enI svataMtratA kyAMthI raheze ? te Izvara zeno ? te to kevaLa jIvonAM karmono hukama pALanAra eka sAdhAraNa menejara jevo banI jaze. cotho vikalpa paNa ghaTato nathI. jo Izvara prANIo pratyenI karuNAthI prerAI jaganirmANa karato hoya to teNe nirmANa karelA jagatamAM duHkha hovuM ja na joIe. nyAyavaizeSika kaheze: "Izvara zuM kare? duHkhI jIva potAnAM pUrvajanmomAM kamAyelAM karmone bhogave che. dayALu Izvara to emanAM pApakarmone bhogavavA mATe duHkhanI sAmagrI pUrI pADI - emanA para upakAra kare che. teo potAnAM duSkarmone bhogavI temanAthI chUTakAro meLave che.'' AnA uttaramAM kahevuM joIe ke jo sukha dukha jIvone temanAM karmo anusAra ja maLatAM hoya to Izvare zuM puruSArtha ryo? Izvara karatAM caDiyAtI to karmanI zakti che e puravAra thayuM. jo Izvare paNa chevaTe kamane vaza thaIne ja nAcavuM paDatuM hoya to vacamAM dalAla

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 103 jevA enI kalpanA karavI nirarthaka che. sAco puruSArthI to e che je karmonI paravA karyA vinA jagatane sukhI ja sarje, vastutaH e ja Izvara gaNAya. enA karatAM to e ja sAruM ke jagata sIdhuM ja karmaparatra rahe, eka nirarthaka parAdhIna IzvaranI kalpanA binajarUrI che. evo Izvara to antargaDunI jema bilakula nirarthaka che. bIjI vAta e ke suSTi pahelAM dayApAtra prANI ja na hatAM to e vakhate konA upara kRpA karavA te jagatanuM nirmANa karavA pravRtta thayo ? pAMcamo vikalpa paNa ghaTato nathI. Izvara potAnA manovinodane khAtara jagannirmANarUpa krIDA (lIlA) kare che ema mAnatAM Izvara ramata ramatA kizoranA jevo rAgadveSavALo banI jaze. manovinodane khAtara lIlAracanA to rAgavRttinuM pariNAma che. vaLI jevI rIte bALako kaMTALo AvatAM pote banAvelAM ramakaDAMne toDI nAkhe che tevI rIte Izvara paNa jagannirmitithI kaMTALI jatAM jagatano nAza paNa jyAre icche tyAre karI de. vaLI, lIlA AnaMda prApta karavA karavAmAM Ave che. zuM IzvaramAM AnaMdanI adhurapa che? zuM te saMpUrNAnanda nathI? jo te saMpUrNananda hoya to tene Ananda prApta karavAno raheto nathI. pariNAme tene Ananda prApta karavA lIlA karavAnI hoya nahi. je Ananda prApta karavA lIlA kare te pUrNAnanda hoya nahi, Izvara hoya nahi. chaThTho vikalpa paNa ghaTato nathI. jo ziSTa upara anugraha karavA ane duSTone daMDa devA Izvara jagannirmANa karato hoya to evo Izvara rAgadveSamukta na hoI zake. vinA rAgadveSa anugraha-nigraha karI zakAtA nathI. vItarAgI vyakti anugraha-nigrahanA prapaMcamAM paDe ja nahi. je rAgadveSayukta hoya te Izvara hoI zake ja nahi. sAtamo chello vikalpa paNa ghaTato nathI. jo jagannirmANa karavuM teno svabhAva hoya to te sadA jagannirmANa karyA ja kare, temAMthI kadI virame ja nahi. vaLI, chevaTe svabhAva ja jo mAnavo paDato hoya to acetana paramANuo yA padArthono ja e svabhAva mAnI lo ke je prakAranAM kAraNono saMyoga maLe che te anusAra potAnI pravRtti teo svabhAvathI kare che.' tAtparya e ke hAIDrojanamAM. jyAre eksijana amuka mAtrAmAM maLe che tyAre svabhAvathI ja jaLa banI jAya che. emanI vacce ejanTa IzvaranI zI AvazyakatA che. udayane IzvarasAdhaka je bAbato jaNAvI che te badhIno khulAso jagatkartA Izvara mAnyA vinA gurutvAkarSaNano niyama vagere jevA prAkRtika niyamone (Natural Laws) AdhAre thaI zake che.* : mImAMsAdarzanamAM Izvara bAbAsArInamAM Izvara mImAMsAdarzananI vicAradhArA ja evI che ke temAM sarvajJa jagatkartA IzvaranuM sthAna saMbhavI zake ja nahi. mImAMsA jagatane anAdi-anA mAne che. te sarga-pralayamAM mAnatuM nathI. tethI sRSTikartA ke pralayakta IzvaranI tene AvazyaktA nathI. bIjuM, te sarva viSayonA sAkSAtkArI jJAnane (sarvajJatvane) ja svIkAratuM nathI. sarvajJatvane to zuM, yogipratyakSano paNa te pratiSedha kare che. 5 Ama tenA matamAM koI sarvane sthAna nathI.

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104 bhAratIya tattvajJAna je dArzaniko Izvara mAne che te badhA ja IzvaramAM utkRSTa atizayarUpa sarvajJatva svIkAre che. vedakartAnA rUpamAM paNa Izvara te svIkAratuM nathI. mImAMsA anusAra veda nitya che, anAdianaMta che. veda apauruSeya che e mImAMsAno mULabhUta siddhAnta che. vaLI, tenA anusAra koIne sAkSAt dharmanuM jJAna thaI zake ja nahi. eTale sAkSAt anubhUta dharmano upadechA paNa koI hoI zake nahi. dharmanuM jJAna veda dvArA ja thaI zake.100 karmaphaladAtAnA ' rUpamAM paNa IzvaranuM sthAna jaimininA mImAMsAdarzanamAM nathI. jaimini anusAra yajJakarma dvArA ja te te phaLanI prApti thAya che, IzvaranI mAdhyamarUpe koI ja jarUra nathI. A prAcIna mImAMsAno nirIzvaravAda uttarakALe paurANika dhArmikatA-khAsa to zaiva dhArmikatAthI achUto rahI zakyo nahi. pariNAme koIne koI rUpamAM tene Izvarano svIkAra karavo ja paDyo. vedamAM bahudevavAda to hato ja. vaLI, te te prasaMge te te devanI stuti karatI veLAe te te devane sarvesarvA sthApavAno vyavahAra paNa hato ja. lokamAM paNa Avo vyavahAra pracalita che. te prAcIna kALamAM sAdA yajJomAM dUdha, ghI, madha, anAja ane pazuone devo mATe homI devone khuza karavAnI mAnyatA hatI ane khuza thayela deva Icchita phaLa Ape che evI mAnyatA hatI. te vakhate yajJa pradhAna na hato, deva pradhAna hato. pachI brAhmaNakALe yajJa ja pradhAna banI gayo ane yajJa ja sAkSAt phaLa Ape che ema manAvA lAgyuM. A brAhmaNakALa pUrvenI vedakALanI je sthiti hatI teno AdhAra laIne uttarakAlIna mImAMsako karmanuM phaLa ApanAra rUpe ane anugraha karanAra rUpe Izvarano svIkAra karI zakyA. ane tenuM ekatva sthApavA mATe "vaM sad viprA nA vati" no AdhAra paNa hato ja. eTale karmaphaLadAtAnA rUpamAM eka Izvarano svIkAra karavAnuM uttarakAlIna mImAMsakone muzkela na ja paDe. pariNAme, teo jagatkartA, sAkSAtkRta dharmanA upadeSTA, vedakartA tarIke IzvaranuM khaMDana karavA chatAM amuka arthamAM arthAt karmaphaladAtAnA rUpamAM, upAsyanA rUpamAM Izvarano svIkAra kare che.Apodeva tathA laugAkSibhAskare gItAnA samarpaNasiddhAntane zrutimUlaka mAnI mokSa prApta karavA badhAM kAryonAM phaLa Izvarane samarpaNa karI devAnI vAta lakhI che. mImAMsaka vedAntadezike A ja uddezyathI sezvara mImAMsA nAmanA graMthanI racanA karI che. prabhAkaravijaya graMthamAM tarkanA AdhAre IzvaraviSayaka anumAnanuM khaMDana karavAmAM AvyuM hovA chatAM Izvarano spaSTataH svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che, paraMtu A svIkRta Izvara anumAnathI nahi paraMtu zabdapramANathI ja puravAra thAya che. mImAMsaka kumArila bhaTTa blovArtikamAM IzvaranuM khaMDana kyuM hovA chatAM maMgalazlokamAM to te zivanI stuti kare che. te zloka nIce pramANe che. vizuddhajJAnadehAya trivedIdivyacakSuSe / zreyaHprAptinimittAya namaH somArdhadhAriNe //

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 105 A zloka darzAve che ke uttarakAlInanyAyazeSikonI jema uttarakAlIna mImAMsako paNa zaiva dhArmiktAthI bahu prabhAvita thayA hatA. paraMtu uttarakAlIna nyAyavazeSikoe Izvarane vedanI upara sthApyo veThane paNa jagatanI jema ja IzvarakRta temaNe gaNyo. ethI UlaTuM, mImAMsakoe vedanuM sthAna IzvarathI caDiyAtuM ja rAkhyuM, Izvarane jagatkartA ke vedaphta mAnya rAkhyo nahi-Izvarane karmaphaLadAtA, upAsya ane bhaktino viSaya mAnavA chatAM. vedAntadarzanamAM Izvara bAdarAyaNaracita vedAntasUtranA aneka bhASyakAro thayA. emAM zaMkara, bhAskara, rAmAnuja, nimbArka, madhva tathA vallabha pradhAna che. prAyaH pratyeka bhASyakAre IzvaranI sthApanA karI che, bhale pachI IzvaranA svarUpa paratve e badhAnI daSTi paraspara bhinna rahI hoya. ahIM e bhASyakAromAM sarva prathama AcArya zaMkarano Izvara saMbaMdhI mata prastuta karavAmAM Ave che. (1) AcArya zaMkara ane Izvara ApaNe jANIe chIe ke AcArya zaMkarane mate ekamAtra brahma ja paramArtha sat che. jIva, jagata ane IzvaranI kevaLa vyAvahArika sattA che. pAramArthika sattA dharAvanAra brahma ja che. A parama brahma nirguNa brahma che. satacit--AnaMda tenuM svarUpa che. te kUTasthanitya che. paraMtu jyAre vyAvahArika bhUmikAe A ja brahmamAyAvacchinna bane che tyAre te Izvara kahevAya che. Ama IzvaranI pAramArthika sattA nathI paNa vyAvahArika sattA che. mAyA IzvaranI zakti che. Avo Izvara jagatanI utpatti, sthiti ane layanuM kAraNa che. Izvara jagatano kartA, dhartA, niyaMtA, saMhartA che. te sarvajJa che, sarvazaktimAna che. Ama Izvara, je mAyAvacchinna brahma che, te saguNa brahma che. IzvaranI sarva icchAo paripUrNa che. Izvara pUrNakAma che. jo Izvarane jagatanuM sarjana karavAnuM koI prayojana mAnIe to tenI pUrNakAmatAne hAni pahoce. tethI kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke Izvarano jagannirmANavyApAra lIlAvilAsa che.' Izvara ja jagatanuM upAdAnakAraNa che ane Izvara ja jagatanuM nimittakAraNa che. Izvara e mAyopahita brahma che. enI upAdhibhUta mAyA jagatanuM upAdAnakAraNa che, jyAre Izvaracaitanya nimittakAraNa che. A daSTie ja Izvarane jagatanuM upAdAna ane nimittakAraNa baMne gaNavAmAM Avela che. IzvaranI upAdhibhUta mAyAmAM be zaktio che-AvaraNazakti ane vikSepazakti.82 . AvaraNazaktithI mAyA prathama brahmanuM AvaraNa kare che. pachI vikSepazaktithI mAyA brahma upara vicatra jagatano Aropa kare che. jAdugara ThIkarIne suvarNamudrArUpe prekSako samakSa

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106 ' bhAratIya tatvajJAna prastuta kare che tyAre te sauprathama ThIkarInA kharA rUpane tirohita karI de che ane pachI ThIkarI upara suvarNamudrAnA rUpano Aropa kare che. tevI ja rIte, Izvara mAyA dvArA brahmanA kharA rUpane DhAMkI de che ane pachI mAyA dvArA brahma upara jagatano Aropa kare che. Ama brahma ja parama sat che. jagata to AbhAsamAtra che. pAramArthika dRSTie jagata AbhAsa che, brAti che. paraMtu A bhAti vaiyaktika nathI paNa vaizvika che-badhAM ja sAmAnya prANIone ekasarakhI che. eTale enI janaka mAyA paNa vaiyaktika nathI paNa vaizvika che. AvI mAyAno dhAraka eka Izvara che. Izvara potAnI upAdhirUpa ke zaktirUpa mAyAthI jagatarUpI mAyAjALa race che. mAyA IzvaranuM nitya lakSaNa nathI, te to tenI svataMtra IcchA che jene te choDI paNa zake che. jeo paramajJAna pAmyA che arthAt jeo vyAvahArika bhUmikAthI upara UkyA che teo bhrAnirUpa jagatathI chetarAtA nathI ane mAyAthI prabhAvita thatA nathI; temane mATe mAyA paNa nathI, Izvara paNa nathI ane jagata paNa nathI. temane mATe kevaLa zuddha nirguNa brahma che. "ttama 355 A vedAntasUtra(3.2.38)nI vyAkhyAmAM zaMkare jIvonAM karmonuM phaLa Izvara dvArA saMpAdita thAya che ke karma dvArA e prazna uThAvI kahyuM che ke e to tarkasiddha che ke Izvara dvArA ja te saMpAdita thAya che. enuM kAraNa e che ke abhAvamAMthI bhAvanI utpatti saMbhavatI nathI. karma anukSaNa vinAzazIla che. kAlAntarabhAvI phaLanuM janaka banavuM ene mATe saMbhavatuM nathI. Izvara sakala carAcarano adhyakSa che. jagatanI sRSTi, sthiti tathA pralaya IzvarathI thAya che. Izvara kAlajJa che, tethI samaya Avye kRtakarmano phaLabhoga jIvone te karAvI de che. Ama Izvara ja karmajanya dharma ane adharmanA phaLano dAtA che. AcArya zaMkara anusAra jIvanI pratyeka pravRttimAM Izvara prayojaka kartA che. tethI jyAre jIva koI karma kare che tyAre e pravRtti karatA jIvane Izvara prere che. 8 "vaiSanaiSe sApekSatvAn tathA ta' A vedAntasUtra(2.1.34)nA bhASyamAM AcArya zaMkare uttarakAlIna nyAyadarzananA adaSTasApekSa IzvarakAraNatAvAdanuM samarthana karyuM che. jIvonAM karmone lakSamAM laI Izvara jagatanuM nirmANa kare che. mAyAjanita sthULa zarIra ane sUkSmazarIra(jenAM ghaTako che indriyo, prANI ane antaHkaraNa)rUpa upAdhithI avacchinna zuddha nirguNa brahma ja jIva kahevAya che. upAdhi sAthe jIvano saMyoga avidyAjanya che. jIve potAne zarIra ane mana AdithI abhinna mAnavo ane potAno brahma sAtheno abheda bhUlI javo, potAnuM brahmasvarUpa vIsarI javuM e ja avidyA che. brahmasAkSAtkArarUpa jJAnathI ja avidyAno nAza thAya che. tethI brahmasvarUpAvasthAnarUpa mokSa A jJAnathI ja thAya che. karma-bhakti to mAtra A jJAnaprApti mATe sahAyaka kAraNo che. tethI IzvarabhaktinuM sthAna gauNa che. 24 .-

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara . jIva ane IzvaramAM samAnarUpe rahenAruM caitanya biMbasthAnIya che. enuM ja pratibiMba bhinnabhinna upAdhiomAM paDavAthI te caitanya bhinna bhinna nAma pAme che. caitanyanuM te pratibiMba je mAyArUpa upAdhimAM paDe che tene 'Izvaracaitanya' kahevAmAM Ave che ane je antaHkaraNarUpa upAdhimAM paDe che tene jIvacetanya' kahevAmAM Ave che. bIjA mata anusAra Izvaracaitanya ja biMbasthAnIya che ane tenuM pratibiMba jIva che. Izvara ane jIvamAM samAnapaNe rahenAruM caitanya jyAre biMbarUpa dhAraNa kare che tyAre te Izvara kahevAya che ane A biMbarUpa IzvaranAM pratibiMbone jIvo kahevAya che. paMcadazImAM mAyopAdhika brahmane Izvara ane avidyopAdhika brahmane jIva kahevAmAM Avela che. paMcadazImAM mAyAnA be bheda karavAmAM Avela che-malinasattvaviziSTa mAyA ane zuddhasattvaviziSTa mAyA. malinasattvaviziSTa mAyAne avidyA kahI che jyAre zuddhasattvaviziSTa mAyAne mAyA athavA to zuddhasattvaviziSTa avidyA kahI che. malisattvaviziSTa mAyAmAM pratibiMbita brahma jIva che jyAre zuddhasattvaviziSTa mAyAmAM pratibiMbita brahma Izvara che. mAyA arthAt zuddhasattvaviziSTa mAyA samaSTigata che ane tethI teno dhAraka Izvara che. avidyA arthAt malinasattvaviziSTa mAyA vyaSTigata che ane tethI teno dhAraka jIva che. biMbapratibiMbanI bhASAmAM doSa jaNAvAthI keTalAka AcAryoe avicchedanI bhASAmAM Izvara ane jIvano bheda kahyo che. | mAyA IzvaranI zakti che. paraMtu mAyA IzvaranuM nitya svarUpa nathI. mAyA to IzvaranI icchAmAtra che, jene Izvara choDI paNa zake che. IzvaranI mAyAzakti brahmanA paramArtha sAcAM pariNAmo pedA karatI nathI paraMtu AbhAso (vivartA) pedA kare che, jemanI mAtra vyAvahArika sattA che. Izvara svayaM paramArtha sat nathI paraMtu vyAvahArika sat che. IzvaranI zaktirUpa mAyA sat e arthamAM nathI ke mAyAjanya jagatanI sAthe mAyAno paNa bAdha pAramArthika bhUmikAe brahmasAkSAtkArarUpa jJAnathI thAya che, mAyA sAthe Izvarano paNa bAdha thAya che. A darzAve che ke mAyAnI ane IzvaranI vyAvahArika sattA che, jagatanI paNa vyAvahArika sattA che. mAyA asat e arthamAM nathI ke mAyAjanya jagatanI jema mAyAnI pratIti vyavahArakAla paryata thayA kare che ane abAdhita paNa rahe che. IzvaranI pratIti paNa vyavahArakAla paryata ja thayA kare che ane abAdhita rahe che. Ama Izvara, mAyA ane jagatanI vyAvahArika sattA che. paraMtu je arthamAM jagatane anAdi kahevAmAM Ave che te arthamAM mAyA paNa anAdi che ane Izvara paNa. Izvara, mAyA ane mAyAjanya jagata AkAzakusuma, zazazRMga, cAra bAjuvALo trikoNa, vagerenI jema taddana asatuM nathI, kAraNake Izvara, mAyA, jagatanI pratIti thAya che jyAre AkAzakusuma vagerenI kadI pratIti ja thatI nathI. vaLI, Izvara, mAyA ane jagatanI sattA zuktirajatanI prAtibhAsika sattAthI ucca koTinI che, kAraNa ke Izvara, mAyA ane jagatanI sattA pratIti upara ja

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108 bhAratIya tattvajJAna nirbhara nathI ane tethI pratibhAsakAlamAtrasthAyI nathI paraMtu pratIti pUrve ane pachI paNa tenuM astitva che jyAre zuktirajatanI sattA pratIti para ja nirbhara che ane tethI pratibhAsakAlamAtrasthAyI che. jagatanuM astitva pratIti (vijJAna) para ja nirbhara nathI paraMtu pratIti pUrve ane pachI paNa tenuM astitva che-tenuM astitva pratItithI svataMtra che, A hakIkatano svIkAra zaMkara kare che jyAre vijJAnavAdI bauddho karatA nathI, eTale zaMkara vijJAnavAdInA vijJAnavAdanuM khaMDana kare che.' zaMkarane mate Izvara, mAyA ane mAyAjanya jagatanI sattA prAtibhAsika nathI paraMtu tethI ucca koTinI vyAvahArika che. brahmasvarUpAvasthAnarUpa mokSa prApta karavA brahmasAkSAtkArarUpa jJAna sAkSAt kAraNa che. paraMtu AvuM jJAna vizuddha cittavALA jIvane ja thAya che. cittavizuddhi mATe lipsArahita karma ane bhakti baMne atyaMta Avazyaka che. bhakti nirguNa-nirvizeSa brahmanI saMbhave nahi, saguNa brahmanI ja saMbhave. tethI saguNa brahmarUpa IzvaranI vyavahAranI bhUmikAe atyaMta jarUra che. tenA vinA upAsanA-bhaktino lopa thaI jAya ane jIvo cittazuddhinA eka parama upAyathI vaMcita thaI jAya. mATe parama upAsya tarIke, bhaktinA parama viSaya tarIke IzvaranI parama AvazyakatA kevalAdvaitIone paNa mAnya che. karma-bhakti vinA cittazuddhi nathI, cittazuddhi vinA brahmasAkSAtkAra nathI ane brahmasAkSAtkAra vinA brI~kacarUpa mokSa nathI. Izvara, jagata, jagatano sarga tathA pralaya-A badhAMno saMbaMdha vizeSe purANo sAthe che. uttarakAlIna nyAyaveroSikoe purANakathita vicArone AdhAre jevo Izvara svIkAryo che tevo ja Izvara temane anusarI zaMkare paNa svIkArI lIdho che. taphAvata eTalo ja che ke razaMkara Izvarane (ane jagatane) pAramArthika sattA bakSatA nathI, kevaLa vyAvahArika sattA ja bakSe che, jyAre nyAyavaizeSiko tenI (ane jagatanI) pAramArthika sattA svIkAre che. (2) rAmAnuja ane Izvara 189 rAmAnuja nirguNa brahmano svIkAra ja karatA nathI. nirguNa vastunI kalpanA ja saMbhavatI nathI. badhAM ja tattvo ke padArtho guNaviziSTa ja hoya che. jyAM zrutimAM brahmane nirguNa tarIke varNavyuM hoya tyAM 'nirguNa' zabdano artha heya guNothI rahita samajavAno che, ane nahi ke sarva guNothI rahita. 190 rAmAnuja anusAra traNa tattvo che-cit (jIva), acit (jaDa tattva ke prakRti) ane Izvara. cit ane acit vastutaH nitya ane svataMtra tattva che tathApi te Izvarane adhIna thaIne rahe che kAraNa ke te baMnemAM antaryAmI rUpe Izvara vidyamAna che. tethI cit ane acitte IzvaranuM zarIra gaNyuM che. jema jIvatA zarIramAM AtmA aMdarathI samagra zarIranuM niyamana kare che tema Izvara cit-acit rUpa tenA zarIranuM aMdarathI niyamana kare che. jema zarIranA doSothI AtmA aspRSTa rahe che tema cit-acitnA doSothI Izvara

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 109 askRSTa rahe che. ghaNIvAra rAmAnuje Izvarane aMzI ane cita-acitne tenA aMzo kahyA che. paraMtu aMzonA doSothI aMzI aspaSTa kevI rIte rahI zake ? evo prazna rAmAnujane karavAmAM AvatAM temAM rahelI muzkelIono khyAla AvavAthI rAmAnuja keTalIka vAra A aMza-aMzInA daSTAntane ApavAnuM TALyuM che. Ama ciTU-acit nitya tathA svatanta padArtha hovA chatAM IzvarathI pRthaka temanuM astitva siddha nathI. tethI temanA Izvara sAthenA saMbaMdhanuM nAma "amRthasiddhi che. parama tattva to eka ja che ane te che ci-acirUpa zarIravALo Izvara. Izvara eka ja che. tenA jevo bIjo koI Izvara nathI ane tenAthI atirikta koI vastu yA tattva nathI. tethI tenI bAbatamAM sajAtIyathI teno bheda ke vijAtIyathI teno bheda saMbhavato nathI. paraMtu tenAmAM svagata bheda che, kAraNa ke tenI aMdara samAviSTa che ekabIjAthI bhinna evA tenA be aMzo cit ane acit. - Izvarano acit aMza prakRti che. prakRti bhautika yA jaDa padArthonuM mULa upAThAnakAraNa che. Izvara teno niyAmaka che, antaryAmI che. pralaya daramyAna prakRti sUkSma ane avibhakta rUpamAM hoya che. Izvara jIvonAM pUrva sargamAM karelAM karmone lakSamAM rAkhIne sUkSma ane avibhakta prakRtimAMthI citravicitra padArthovALuM jagata saraje che. Ama jagata Izvaraprerita IzvarabhUta sUkSma prakRtino vAstavika pariNAma che. paraMtu vAstavika jagatanA vAstavika padArthonI sthiti IzvarathI pRthapha nathI, kAraNa ke jo jagatanA padArthonuM mULa kAraNa prakRti, je Izvarano acit aMza che te, IzvarathI pRthapha astitva dharAvatI na hoya to te prakRtimAMthI utpanna thayelA jagatanA padArtho kevI rIte IzvarathI pRthapha astitva dharAvI zake ? cit (jIva) ane acit (jaDa tattvayA prakRti) baMne nitya padArtha che. tethI sRSTi ane pralayano artha anukrame thaze cULarUpa dhAraNa karavuM te ane sUkSma rUpa dhAraNa karavuM te. pralayakALa daramyAna cit ane acit sUkSma rUpamAM hoya che. eTale te vakhate Izvara sUkSmaciaciviziSTa hoya che, jene kAraNAvastha brahma' kahe che. sRSTi daramyAna cit ane acit sthULa rUpamAM hoya che. eTale te vakhate Izvara pUlaciaciviziSTa hoya che, jene kAryAvastha brahma kahe che. Ama evo koI paNa kALa nathI jyAre brahma ciaciviziSTa na hoya. brahma eka ja che, brahmanuM advaita che, paraMtu te advaita saThAtana ciaciviziSTa brahmanuM che. mATe, A matane viziSTAdvaita' nAma maLyuM che. A citaaciviziSTa brahma ja Izvara che.194 - | rAmAnuja svIkAre che ke Izvara mAyAno dhAraka (mAyina) che. paraMtu ahIM mAyA zabdano artha che vAstavika vicitra padArthone sarjavAnI IzvaranI agamya zakti, athavA acit tattva prakRti, athavA to A prakRtinI adbhuta sarjanazakti.195

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- 110 bhAratIya tattvajJAna Izvara jagatanuM upAdAnakAraNa e arthamAM che ke tenA aMzabhUta apRthasiddha prakRti jagatanuM upAdAnakAraNa che; ane Izvara ja jagatanuM nimittakAraNa che kAraNa ke prakRtino antaryAmI, niyAmaka ane preraka Izvara che. IzvaranuM jagannirmANa mATenuM prayojana kevaLa lIlA che, anya kaMI ja nahi. bALaka jevI rIte ramakaDAMthI rame che, lIlA kare che tevI ja rIte te lIlAdhAma Izvara jagatane utpanna karI rame che, lIlA kare che. saMhAradazAmAM lIlAnI virati thatI nathI, kAraNa ke saMhAra paNa IzvaranI lIlA ja che. jIvanuM niyamana Izvara vaDe thAya che. jIvamAM 'zeSatva guNa che, arthAt jIva potAnA sarva kAryo mATe Izvara upara saMpUrNapaNe sarvatobhAve avalaMbita che. IzvarAnugraha vinA jIva potAnAM kartavyonuM saMpAdana karI zakato nathI. jIvo ananta che ane ekabIjAthI pRthapha che. chatAM te badhA IzvarathI apRthasiddha che. IzvaranA aMzabhUta jIvono sUkSmabhAva sthULabhAva thAya che. jIvonuM sUkSmabhAve avasthAna pralaya che ane temanuM sthULabhAve pariNamana sRSTi che. jIva IzvarathI sarvathA abhinna nathI. jIva duHkhatrayathI pIDita che, ajJa yA alpajJa che, ananta che jyAre Izvara saMpUrNAnanda che, sarvajJa che, eka che. tene IzvarathI sarvathA abhinna kevI rIte gaNAya? Izvara akhaMDa che to jIvane Izvarano aMza (khaMDa) gaNavo kyAM sudhI ucita gaNI zakAya? A praznanA uttaramAM rAmAnuja jaNAve che ke jema cinagArI agnino aMza che, zarIra zarIrIno aMza che tema ja jIva Izvarano aMza che. abheda jaNAvatAM zrutivAkyonuM tAtparya eTaluM ja che ke jIva IzvaravyApya che ane IzvaranuM zarIra che. Ama jIva-IzvaramAM aMzAMzIbhAva yA vizeSaNa-vizeSyabhAva saMbaMdha che. jIva vizeSaNa che, Izvara vizeSya che. jIva-IzvaramAM sarvathA abhedano niSedha karavA chatAM rAmAnuja amuka daSTie temano abheda svIkAre che. Izvara pratyeka jIvamAM vyApta che, ane aMdarathI tenuM niyamana karato te teno antaryAmI che. A daSTie jIva-Izvarano abheda mAnI zakAya. jevI rIte aMzanuM astitva aMzI upara nirbhara che ane guNanuM dravya upara, tevI ja rIte jIvanuM astitva Izvara upara nirbhara che, kAraNa ke jIva che aMza ane Izvara che aMzI, jIva che niyamya ane Izvara che niyAmaka, jIva che Adheya ane Izvara che AdhAra, jIva che vizeSaNa ane Izvara che vizeSya. A daSTie jIva-Izvarano abheda mAnI zakAya. paristhiti AvI hoI arthAt jIva Izvara upara Azrita ane nirbhara hoI, IzvaranA zaraNe gayA vinA jIvano uddhAra nathI, tenuM kalyANa nathI. Izvara azeSa guNono bhaMDAra che, dayAno sAgara che. te jIvanI dIne dazAthI dravita thAya che. jIva-Izvarano Avo saMbaMdha nirNata thatAM spaSTa thAya che ke rAmAnuja anusAra prapatti (zaraNAgati) ja jIvanI AdhyAtmika unnatino sarvazreSTha upAya che. jJAna ane karmathI citta (antaHkaraNa) vizuddha thAya che. vizuddha anta:karaNavALo jIva ja ekAntika ane Atyantika bhakti

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 111 , (jenuM paramarUpa prapatti arthAt zaraNAgati che) dvArA Izvarane prApta kare che. Azaya e che ke bhaktiyogathI Izvara prApta thAya che, paraMtu e bhakti mATe jarUrI che vizuddha citta ane cittavizuddhi vizuddha jJAna tathA karma dvArA sAdhya che. tethI Izvarabhakti mATe jJAna ane karmano sahakAra jarUrI che. bhakta prati IzvaranI anugrahazaktino udaya bhaktonI dInadazAnA nirIkSaNamAtrathI ApoApa ja thAya che. prapatti ane IzvarAnugrahathI jIvano mokSa thAya che. mokSamAM te Izvarasadaza banI jAya che ane IzvarasAyujya pAme che. 99 mukta jIva sarvajJa ane satyasaMkalpa hoya che paraMtu sarvakartRtva guNa dharAvato nathI. "vaikuMThamAM IzvaranA kiMkara banI rahevuM e ja parama mukti che. bhakto upara anugraha karavA mATe tathA jagatanI rakSA karavA mATe Izvara pAMca rUpo dhAraNa kare che-arcA, vibhava, bRha, sUkSma ane antaryAmI. pratimA vagere IzvaranuM arthArUpa che. rAma Adi avatAra IzvaranuM vibhavarUpa che. vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, pradyumna tathA aniruddha A cAra IzvaranuM vyuharUpa che. apahatapAkhatA, hijaratA, mRtyurAhitya, vizotA, apipAsitA tathA satyakAmatA A cha guNothI yukta vAsudeva ja IzvaranuM sUkSmarUpa che. sakala jIvonA niyAmaka hovuM e ja IzvaranuM antaryAmIrUpa che. IzvaranA pAMca rUponI A kalpanA rAmAnuje prAcIna bhAgavata saMpradAya yA sAtvata matamAMthI grahaNa karI che. Izvarane brahma ane puruSottama kahevAmAM Ave che. je bRhatva dharAve che te brahma. bRhatva eTale svarUpamAM ane guNamAM anavadhika atizayavALA hovuM te. AvA atizayavALo Izvara (sarvezvara) che. tethI te brahma che. te asaMkhya mAMgalika guNonuM nidhAna che. te jagatanuM upAdAna tathA nimittakAraNa che. te jagatano kartA che paraMtu jIvakarmasApekSa kartA che-jIvonAM karmone lakSamAM rAkhI Izvara jagatanuM nirmANa kare che. rAmAnujanI Izvara vizenI mAnyatA mahadaMze bhAgavata, vaiSNava purANonI dhArmiktAthI atyanta prabhAvita che. prapatti ane IzvarAnugraha AgaLa karmasiddhAntanuM baLa atyanta kSINa bane che. vaLI, jIvano niyanA, antaryAmI preraka Izvara che. jIvone karmo karavA Izvara prere che. to , pachI karmo mATe jIvane javAbadAra kevI rIte gaNI zakAya ane karmonAM phaLa jIva zA mATe bhogave? jema zarIrastha AtmA zarIrane karmo karavA prere che tevI ja rIte Izvara potAnA zarIrabhUta jIvane karmomAM prere che. eTale jema zarIrakRta karmano kharo kartA AtmA ja gaNAya che tema zarIrabhUta jIve karelA karmano kharo kartA Izvara na gaNAya? ane jema AtmA karmanuM phaLa bhogave che tema Izvare karmanuM phaLa na bhogavavuM paDe? A ApattimAMthI ugaravAno eka mAtra upAya e che ke karmasiddhAntane taddana khoTo gaNI teno tyAga karavo ane tenA sthAne IzvarecchAne ja sthApavI. je phaLa jIvane maLe che tenuM kAraNa teNe kareluM *

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112 bhAratIya tatvajJAna karma che ja nahi, tenuM kAraNa to IzvarecchA che, ema svIkAravuM. Izvara amuka jIvone duHkha icche che tenuM kAraNa zuM? be uttara ApI zakAya-eka to tenuM kAraNa agamya che ane bIjo e ke jIvonA paripAka mATe temanA ja hitArthe duHkhamAM tapavuM jarUrI hoI Izvara temanuM duHkha icche che. Izvara badhA ja jIvonuM kalyANa ja icche che paNa kalyANa karavA mATe te judA judA upAyo yoje che, icche che. (3) madhya ane Izvara - mAdhva mata advaitavAdI nathI. potAnA pustaka "bhAratIya tattvavidyAmAM paMDita sukhalAlajI lakhe che : "enuM (madhvanuM) tattvajJAna jotAM to ema ja lAge che ke tenA upara mukhyapaNe prabhAva nyAyavaizeSika tattvajJAnano che... madhyaparaMparA Izvarane sRSTinA kartA, saMhartA tarIke varNave che ane prANIonA dharmAdharmane anusarI sRSTi nirmANa kare che ema paNa kahe che. A rIte jotAM, jema cAyavaizeSika paraMparA Izvarane prANikarmasApekSA kartA mAne che, tema madhyaparaMparA paNa mAne che.' paMDitajIe IzvaraviSayaka mAdhva matanuM nyAyazeSika (uttarakAlIna) mata sAthe sAmya darzAvyuM, te sAcuM che. have mAdhdha IzvaravAdanI vizeSatAo prati dhyAna ApIe. - madhya anusAra vIsa dravyo che. te vIsamAM paramAtmA (Izvara), jIva ane prakRti e traNa dravyone gaNAvavAmAM AvyAM che. te traNa dravyo ekabIjAthI bhinna ane pRthapha che. nirguNa brahmano svIkAra nathI. brahma saguNa ja che. te Izvara che, paramAtmA che. te viSNu che. te nityamukta ane eka che. te ananta kalyANaguNothI paripUrNa che. tenAmAM rahelA kalyANaguNomAMno pratyeka kalyANaguNa niravadhika ane niratizaya che. te utpatti, sthiti, saMhAra, niyamana, jJAna, AvaraNa, baMdha ane mokSa A AThano kartA che. te jIva ane prakRtithI vilakSaNa che. jJAna, Ananda Adi kalyANaguNo ja tenuM zarIra che. te sarvasvatatra che. te eka hovA chatAM aneka avatAra le che. tenA badhA avatAro paripUrNa che. svarUpa, karacaraNa Adi avayavo tema ja jJAna, Ananda Adi kalyANaguNonI daSTie matsya Adi tenA avatAro tenAthI atyanta abhinna che. tenAmAM aghaTitaghaTanApaTIyasI acinya zakti che. tenA vaDe te vicitra kAryonuM saMpAdana kare che. tenAthI guNamAM kaMIka nyUna, nityamuktA, divyazarIradhAriNI lakSmI tenI bhAryA tenAthI bhinna ane tene adhIna che. 05 jIvo aneka che. Izvara jIvathI bhinna ane pRthaka hovA chatAM te jIvano niyAmaka che. jIvanA baMdha-mokSano kartA che. IzvaranA naisargika anugraha vinA parata- jIva sAdhAraNa kAryonuM saMpAdana paNa karI zakato nathI, to muktinA saMpAdananI to vAta ja kyAM rahI? bhakti mokSanuM sAdhana che. dhyAna paNa bhaktinuM ja rUpa che, kAraNa ke Itara viSayonA tiraskArapUrvaka IzvaraviSayaka akhaMDa smRti pote ja dhyAna che. bhaktinA udaya pachI parama IzvarAnugrahano udaya thAya che ane IzvarAnugrahathI mokSa thAya che. mokSamAM jIvo WWW.jainelibrary.org

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113 bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara Izvara viSNune pAmI tenA dehane saMzrita rahevA chatAM Ananda Adi guNonI anubhUti taratamabhAve kare che. mukta jIvo Izvara sAthe parama sAmya pAmavA chatAM Izvara sAthe eka banI jatA nathI. "mokSamAM jIva sAyujya pAme che arthAt IzvaramAM praveza karI IzvarazarIra vaDe Anandabhoga kare che. prakRti sarva jaDa padArthonuM (jagatanuM) mULa upAdAnakAraNa che. Izvara jagatanuM nimittakAraNa che. jIvonAM pUrvakRta karmone dhyAnamAM rAkhI Izvara prakRtimAMthI jagatanuM sarjana kare che. jagatanAM sarjana-saMhAra IzvaranI lIlA che. 10 mAdhdha IzvaravAdanI samIkSAmAM be zabdo kahevA jarUrI che. jIva atyanta Izvaraparatatra che. Izvara jIvano niyAmaka che. jIvane sarva karmomAM te ja prere che. eTale jIvonAM sarva karmono kartA te ja kare che. tenA anugraha vinA koI paNa kAryanuM saMpAdana jIva karI zakato nathI. jIvanA badha-mokSano kartA paNa te ja che. Ama IzvarecchA ja sarvopari che. tenuM ja ekacakrI zAsana che. IzvaranI icchA vinA eka pAMdaDuM paNa halatuM nathI.' IzvaranI icchA vinA jIva IzvaranI bhakti-upAsanA paNa karI zake nahi. Izvare pote konA upara anugraha karavo te paNa IzvarecchAne ja adhIna che. AvA IzvaravAda AgaLa karmaphalano kAryakAraNabhAva (karmasiddhAnta) atyanta nirvIya ane taddana nirarthaka banI jAya che. phaLanuM kAraNa karma nathI paNa IzvarecchA ja che. Avo IzvaravAda mAnanAre bilakula khaTako rAkhyA vinA kahI devuM joIe ke Izvara jIvakarmanirapekSa ja jagannirmANa kare che. niSpharatA vagere doSone IzvaramAM AvatAM aTakAvavA IzvaranuM jIvakarmasApekSa jagatkartutva mAnavAno vicAra IzvaranI je prakAranI sarvoparitA A IzvaravAda svIkAre che tenI sAthe taddana asaMgata ane virodhI che. jIvagata svataMtra icchAzakti (freedom of choice), svapuruSArtha (efforts), svasudhAraNA (self-reform, self-development), naitika javAbadArI (moral responsibility) jevI koI paNa vastunuM sthAna A IzvaravAdamAM saMbhave ja nahi. temanuM paNa sthAna che ema mAnavuM ajJAnatA che. dArzanika vaicArikatA upara paurANika dhArmikatAnA prabaLa prabhAvanuM ghotaka A badhuM che. (4) nimbArka ane Izvara nimbArka rAmAnujanI jema tritvavAdI che. te paNa brahma (Izvara), cit ane acitra traNa tattvo mAne che. temanI vacce te bhedabhedano saMbaMdha mAne che. temanI vacce sarvathA tAdAmya (abheda) nathI, kAraNa ke evo saMbaMdha mAnavAthI temanA svabhAva ane guNonA bhedano khulAso karavo azakya banI jAya. vaLI, temanI vacce sarvathA bheda mAnIe to Izvarane jIva(citu) ane jaDa jagata(acita)thI taddana bhinna mAnavo paDe ane pariNAme IzvaranuM Ananya jokhamAya. eTale temanI vacce amuka daSTie bheda ane amuka daSTie abheda ema bhedabhedano saMbaMdha che. bhedano artha e che ke jIva ane jaDanI pRthapha sattA to che paraMtu te Izvarane adhIna che, arthAt "parata~ sattAbhAva che. abhedano artha e che ke

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114 - bhAratIya tatvajJAna te baMnenI IzvarathI svataMtra sattA nathI, arthAt "svatannasattAbhAva che. Ama 'bheda ane 'abheda' arthAt dvata' ane 'ata' bane sAcA che. 15 nimbArka anusAra brahma saguNa ja che. ane te ja Izvara che. paMDita sukhalAlajI temanA pustaka bhAratIya tattvavidyAmAM lakhe cheH " nimbArka paNa brahmatattvanI IzvararUpe sthApanA karI tene ja viSNu kahe che. e paNa pAramArthika bhedabheda yAdvaitAdvaitavAdI che. ene mane paNa parama brahma viSNu ja vAstavika carAcara jagatanuM upAdAna ane nimittakAraNa che. e paNa potAnI sthApanAmAM mukhyapaNe AgamapramANano AdhAra le che. ane prANikarmasApekSa ja sRSTi svIkAre che.' A darzAve che ke jIva ane jagata baMne Izvarano pariNAma che ane tethI te baMne IzvarathI bhinnabhinna che. - Izvara sarva zreya guNothI rahita che (nirguNa padano A artha che). te sarva kalyANaguNono bhaMDAra che. 13 A guNo ananta che. pratyeka guNa niratizaya ane ananta che. nimbArka A guNone be zreNImAM vibhakta kare che. eka zreNImAM sarvajJatva, sarvazaktimattva, jagannirmAtRtva, karmaphaladAtRtva, mokSadAtRtva, sarvavyApita, niyaMtRtva, kaThoratva, vagere guNono samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che, je guNo jagatanAM sarjana, sthiti, saMhAra, niyamana mATe jarUrI che. bIjI zreNImAM saurya, Ananda, karaNA, komalatA, vagere guNono samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che, je guNo bhaktone mATe prIti ane Anandano Akara che. jIvo ananta che. jIva niyamya che, Izvara niyantA che. jIva sadA Izvarane adhIna che, muktadazAmAM paNa te Izvarane adhIna ja hoya che. Izvara jIva sAthe jevo icche tevo vyavahAra karI zake che. jIva potAnAM sarvakAryo mATe IzvarAdhIna che - tyAM sudhI ke jIvanuM karmakartRtva paNa jIvanI potAnI ja icchAne adhIna nathI. niyantA Izvara potAnI jA icchA anusAra jIvamAM kartutva utpanna kare che. eTale ja kRti kahe che ke Izvara manuSyonAM hRdayamAM pravezI emanuM zAsana kare che. vimUDha jIva ja potAne kartA mAne che. jIva potAnA jJAna ane bhoganI prApti mATe paNa IzvarAzrita che. jIva Izvarano aMza che. aMzano artha avayava yA bhAga nathI paraMtu zakti che. Izvara sarvazaktimAna che ane jIva tenI eka zakti che. IzvaranI kRpAthI ja jIvane sAcA svarUpanuM jJAna thAya che. 15muktino upAya zaraNAgati (prapatti) che. prapanna thatAM ja jIva upara Izvarano anugraha thAya che. anugraha thatAM ja Izvara prati rAgAtmikA bhakti udaya pAme che. A premA bhaktinuM phaLa che Izvarano sAkSAtkAra. mokSamAM Izvara sAthe maLI jIva ekAkAra banavA chatAM potAnuM alaga vyaktitva jALavI rAkhe che. Izvara ane jIva vacce bheDAbheda saMbaMdha svAbhAvika che ane baddha tema ja mukta baMne jIvadazAomAM A saMbaMdha niyata che. 10

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 115 je darzano Izvarane nityamukta mAne che te badhAM ekamAtra Izvarane ja nityamukta mAne che, jyAre nimbArkadarzana Izvara uparAMta keTalAMka jIvone paNa nityamukta mAne che, jemake Izvara viSNunA pArSada vizvasena tathA garuDa vagere. A nityamukta jIvo sadA Izvara viSNunA darzanamAM lIna ane bhajanAnandamAM masta rahe che.18 A IzvaravAdanI samIkSAmAM eTaluM ja kahevAnuM ke rAmAnuja ane madhvanA IzvaravAdanI samIkSAmAM je kaMI kahyuM che te ahIM paNa lAgu paDe che. (5) bhAskara ane Izvara brahma pariNAmI che. te saguNa ja che. te Izvara che. IzvaramAM vividha rAktio che. potAmAMthI ja eka zakti vaDe bhogya jagatanuM nirmANa kare che to bIjI zaktithI bhoktA jIvonuM sarjana kare che. Izvara ja sraSTA, pAlayitA ane saMhAraka che. Ama Izvara ja sRSTinuM upAdAna ane nimittakAraNa che. sRSTinirmANamAM jIvonAM karmone Izvara lakSamAM le che. jIva ane jagata IzvarathI bhinna paNa che ane abhinna paNa che, kAraNa ke jIva ane jagata Izvarano ja pariNAma che. IzvaranA pariNAmabhUta jIva ane jagata baMne sat che.219 (6) vallabha ane Izvara vallabha anusAra bahma ja Izvara che. te sadA sarvadharmaviziSTa che. tenAmAM viruddha dharmo paNa nitya rahe che. teno mahimA aparaMpAra che. te aNu paNa che ane mahAna paNa che. te eka paNa che ane aneka paNa che. 220 vallabhane mate jIva ane jagata baMne Izvarano ja pariNAma che. IzvaranuM kAraNarUpa ane kAryarUpa baMnemAM koI bheda nathI. baMne zuddha ja che, mAyAno saMparka jarA paNa nathI. zuddha kAraNarUpa ane zuddha kAryarUpanuM adbhuta mAnya hoI AvAda zuddhAdvaitavAda kahevAya che. 21 IzvaramAMthI ja IzvaranI lIlAvaze jIva ane jagatarUpa pariNAmo UpajavA chatAM Izvara pote avikRta ane zuddha ja rahe che. suvarNamAMthI kaTaka, kuMDaLa Adi pariNAmo thavA chatAM suvarNa avikRta ane zuddha ja rahe che. tethI vallabhanA A pariNAmavAdane 'avikRta pariNAmavAda' kahevAmAM Ave che. vallabha utpatti ane vinAzane badale AvirbhAva ane tirobhAvanI bhASA ja pasaMda kare che. AvirbhAva eTale anubhavayogya hovuM ane tirobhAva eTale anubhavayogya na hovuM. 12 jIva-jagata baMnenuM utpAdAnakAraNa Izvara che ema kahevAne badale te baMnenuM samavAyikAraNa Izvara che ema vallabha kahe che. Izvarane samavAyikAraNa kema gaNyuM ? tenuM kAraNa e che ke Izvara te baMnemAM samyapaNe anuvRtta che.", na IzvaramAM sat, cit ane AnaMda e traNa aMzo che. Izvarane jyAre krIDA kaMravAnI icchA thAya che tyAre te potAnA Ananda Adi guNonA aMzone tirohita karI svayaM jIvarUpa grahaNa karI le che. AmAM krIDAnI icchA ja pradhAna kAraNa che. mAyAno saMbaMdha

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna 116 ahIM jarA paNa nathI. aizvaryanA tirodhAnathI jIvamAM dInatA utpanna thAya che, carAnA tirodhAnathI hInatA, zrInA tirodhAnathI vipattipAtratA, jJAnanA tirodhAnathI dehAdimAM Atmabuddhi utpanna thAya che, tathA AnandanA tirodhAnathI duHkha prApta thAya che.114 IzvarathI jIvano AvirbhAva agnicinagArIvat che. A utpatti nathI. tethI jIvanI nityatAno hrAsa thato nathI. IzvaranA potAnA avikRta sat-aMzamAMthI jaDa jagatano AvirbhAva thAya che ane avikRta cit-aMzamAMthI jIvano AvirbhAva thAya che. jaDanA AvirbhAvakALe citta-aMza ane Ananda-aMza baMnenuM tirodhAna hoya che, paraMtu jIvanA AvirbhAvakALe kevaLa Ananda-aMzano tirobhAva hoya che.5 228 IzvaranA avatAro e bhUtala upara IzvaranA AvirbhAvo che. jIvane sAdhananirapekSa mukti devA mATe ja Izvara avatAro le che.6 saccidAnandanI prApti jIvane bhakti dvArA ja thAya che. 227 IzvarAnugrahane puSTi kahevAmAM Ave che. IzvarAnugrahane ja A mArgamAM muktinuM pradhAna kAraNa mAnavAmAM AvatuM hoI A mArgane 'puSTimArga' kahevAmAM Ave che.129 anyathAbhAva choDI AnandarUpamAM sthira thavuM e ja mukti che." prapatti (zaraNAgati) thI bhaktino udaya, bhaktithI IzvarAnugrahaprApti (puSTi) ane IzvarAnugrahathI svarUpApattirUpa mokSa thAya che. potAnA pustaka 'bhAratIya tattvavidyA'mAM paMDita sukhalAlajI lakhe che : ''vallabhAcArya zuddhAdvaitavAdI hoI brahmane (Izvarane) vizvarUpa ane vizvane brahmasvarUpa kahe ane vizvanuM pAramArthikatva sthApe eTaluM ja. emaNe vaLI brahmarUpa Izvarane jagatanuM kAraNa kahetI vakhate bIjA pUrvavartI AcAryo karatAM paribhASA judI vAparI che. te kahe che ke Izvara (brahma) e vizvanuM upAdAnakAraNa nahi paNa samavAyikAraNa che. ane emaNe samavAyikAraNanI vyAkhyA paNa kaMIka aMze nyAyavaizeSikanI vyAkhyA karatAM judI karI che. brahma(Izvara)ne ja mukhyapaNe Agama pramANathI e sthApe che, ane sRSTine paNa prANikarmasApekSa svIkAre che, chatAM IzvaranI icchA yA lIlAnuM pUrNa svAtantya sAcave che.' *231 ahIM prazna eTalo ja thAya che ke IzvaranI icchAnI sarvoparitA sAthe prANikarmasApekSa jagannirmANano meLa kevI rIte khAze ? ahIM e vastu nodhIe ke rAmAnuja, maghna, nimbArka, vallabha e badhA vaiSNavAcAryo che ane tethI bhAgavata purANa, viSNupurANa Adi vaiSNava purANono temanA upara atyanta prabhAva hoya e svAbhAvika che, eTale temano IzvaravAda A purANonI vicAradhArAthI rasAyo ane poSAyo hoya ja e kahevAnuM na hoya. hakIkatamAM, nityamukta, jagatkartA, karmakladAtA, sarvajJa, sarvazaktimAna eka IzvaranI mAnyatA paurANika kSetramAMthI dArzanika kSetramAM pravezI hovAno ghaNo saMbhava che.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 117 ___ . 59 1. jinendro devatA yatra rAgadveSavivarjitaH / hatamohamahAmallaH kevalajJAnadarzanaH / / 45 sUrAsUrendrasaMpUjyaH sadbhUtArthaprakAzakaH / ssdddrshnsmuccy| anantadarzanajJAnavIryAnandamayAtmane / namo'rhate kRpAklRptadharmatIrthAya tAyine // 1 pramANamImAMsA mokSamArgasya netAraM bhettAraM krmbhuubhRtaam| .. jJAtAraM vizvatattvAnAM vande tadguNalabdhaye // 1 sarvArthasiddhi 2. "So these four - infinite power, infinite apprehension, infinite knowledge and infinite joy - are the features, attributed to God in every religion.'' Jaina Moral Doctrine. by H. S. Bhattacharya, Jaina Sahitya Vikas Mandala, Bombay, 1976, p. 3. "haribhadra yaha mAnane ko avazya taiyAra hai ki 'Izvara' nAma una mahAmAnavoM ko diyA jA sakatA hai jinhoMne mokSa kI dehalI para pahuMca cukane kI avasthA meM aise satzAstroM kA praNayana kiyA hai jinakI zikSAoM kA pAlana karane ke phalasvarUpa eka prANI ke mokSa kI prApti hotI hai tathA unakA ullaMghana karane ke phalasvarUpa baMdha kii|" zAstravArtAsamuccaya (hindI anuvAda sahita), prastAvanA, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI graMthamAlA, naM. 22, pR. 9. 4. "As a matter of fact, some of the rational religions maintain that man alone is the Creator of his destiny and dispense with the hypothesis of world-creator." Jaina Moral Doctrine, p. 2. 5. tatra bauddhamate tAvaddevatA sugataH kil| caturNAmAryasatyAnAM duHkhAdinAM prarUpakaH / / 4 SaDdarzanasamuccaya yaH sarvathA sarvahatAndhakAraH ___ sNsaarpngkaajjgdujhaar| tasmai namaskRtya yathArthazAstre zAstraM pravakSyAmyabhidharmakozam // 1 // abhidharmakoza vimuktAvaraNaklezaM dIptAkhilaguNazriyaM / svaikavedyAtmasampattiM namasyAmi mahAmunim / / 1 // manorathanandin, pramANavArtikaTIkA 5. tatra yaH puNyasaMbhAraH sa bhagavatAM samyaksaMbuddhAnAM zatapuNyalakSaNavato'dbhutAcintyasya nAnArUpasya rUpakAyasya hetuH / madhyamakAvatAraTIkA, pR. 62-63 . For Private &Personal Use Only

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118 7. saMbhogavibhutAheturyatheSTaM bhogadarzane // mahAyAnasUtrAlaGkAra 9 / 62 8. lokAtItAmacintyAM sukRtazataphalAtmano yo vibhUtiM parSanmadhye vicitrAM prathayatI mahatIM dhImatI prItihetoH / buddhAnAM sarvalokaprasRtamaviratodArasaddharmaghoSaM vande saMbhogakAyaM tamahamiha mahAdharmarAjyapratiSTham | trikAyastva 7. tena khalu punaH samayena ye te tathAgatA arhantaH samyak saMbuddhAH anyebhyo lokadhAtukoTInayutazatasahasrebhyo'bhyAgatA bhagavataH zAkyamunestathAgatasya nirmitA ye'nyeSu lokadhAtuSu sattvAnAM dharmaM dezayanti sma / saddharmapuNDarIka, pR. 307, bauddhadharmadarzana ( AcArya narendradeva), pR. 118 10. vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi, (Poussin, Paris, 1928-29), pR. 705 . puruSArtha eva heturna kenacit kAryate karaNam / sAM. kA. 31 11. 12. sAM. kA. 56 14. yuktidIpikA (kalakattA, 1938), pR. 85-88 15. IzvarAsiddheH / sAM. sU. 1.92 13. sAM. ta. kau. 57 bhAratIya tattvajJAna 15. .sAM. kA. 4 17. muktabaddhayoranyatarAbhAvAnna tatsiddhiH / ubhayathA'pyasatkaratvam / sAM. sU. 1.93-94 18. sa hi sarvavit sarvakartA / IdRzezvarasiddhiH siddhA / sAM. sU. 3.56-57 prakRtilInasya janyezvarasya siddhiryaH sarvajJaH sarvavid yasya jJAnamayaM tapaH (muNDaka 1.1.9) ityAdi zrutibhyaH sarvasammataiva, nityezvarasyaiva vivAdAspadatvAdityarthaH / sAM. pra. bhA. 18. acetanatve'pi kSIravat ceSTitaM pradhAnasya / karmavat dRSTervA kAlAdeH / sAM. sU. 3. 59-60 20. nezvarAdhiSThite phalaniSpattiH karmaNA tatsiddheH / svopakArAt adhiSThAnaM lokavat / sAM sU. 5.2-3 21. sa. pra. bhA. bhUmikA 22. sAM. pra. bhA. maMgalAcaraNa zlo. 3-4; sAM. pra. bhA. 3.57 23. atra zAstre kAraNabrahma tu puruSasAmAnyaM nirguNameveSyate, IzvarAnabhyupagamAt / ca kAraNazabdaH svazaktiprakRtyupAdhiko vA nimittakAraNatAparo vA puruSArthasya prakRtipravartakatvAditi mantavyam / sAM. pra. bhA. 24. sAMkhyasAra 2.5 25. prasaGkhyAne'pyakusIdasya sarvathA vivekakhyAterdharmameghasamAdhiH / yogasUtra 4. 29 2 5 . tataH klezakarmanivRttiH / yogasUtra 4. 30 27. klezakarmanivRttau jIvanneva vidvAn vimukto bhavati / yogabhASya 4.30

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara . 118 28. klezamUlaH karmAzayaH... / yogasUtra 2.12 28. sati mUle tadvipAkaH... / yogasUtra 2.13 30. tadA sarvAvaraNamalApetasya jJAnasya AnantyAt jJeyamalpam / yogasUtra 4.31 31.752- 4 sUtra mo. 32. tArakaM sarvaviSayaM sarvathAviSayamakramaM ceti vivekajaM jJAnam / yogasUtra 3.54 33. kSaNatatkramayoH saMyamAt vivekajaM jJAnam / yogasUtra 3.52 34. tataH kRtArthAnAM pariNAmakramasamAptirguNAnAm / yogasUtra 4.32 34. kuzalasya (=dharmameghasamAdhisampannasya vivekinaH) saMsAracakrasamAptiH, netarasyeti / / yogabhASya 4.33 / 35. 'guNAnAM pariNAmakramasamAptiH' se 'guNAnAM pratiprasavaH' thI. minache. agono pratiprasava to jyAre vivekIno deha paDe che tyAre thAya che. 37. jIvanmuktasyaiva upadeSTatvasambhavAt / sAM. pra. bhA. 3.79 38. te ca manasi vartamAnAH puruSe vyapadizyante, sa hi tatphalasya bhokteti / yo hi anena bhogenAparAmRSTaH sa puruSavizeSaH IzvaraH / yogabhASya 1.24 : 38. kaivalyaM prAptAstarhi santi ca bahavaH kevalinaH / te hi trINi bandhanAni chittvA kaivalyaM praaptaaH| Izvarasya ca tatsambandho na bhUto na bhAvI / yogabhASya 1.24 40. sa tu sadaiva muktaH sadaivezvaraH / yogabhASya 1.24 41. yo'sau prakRSTasattvopAdAnAdIzvarasya zAzvatika utkarSaH sa kiM sanimitta Ahosvininimitta iti ? tasya zAstraM nimittam / zAstraM punaH kiMnimittam ? prakRSTasattvanimittam / etayoH zAstrotkarSayorIzvarasattve vartamAnayoranAdisambandhaH / yogabhASya 1.24 42. tacca tasyaizvaryaM sAmyAtizayavinirmuktam / na tAvadaizvaryAntareNa tadatizayyate / yadevAtizAyi syAt tadeva tat syAt / tasmAt yatra kASThAprAptiraizvaryasya sa IzvaraH / na, ca ttsmaanmaishvrymsti| yogabhASya 1.24 43. kasmAt ? dvayostulyayorekasmin yugapat kAmite'rthe navamidamastu purANamidamastvityekasya kAmitArthaprAptirnAstyarthasya viruddhatvAt / yogabhASya 1.24 44. yogabhASya 1.25 45. tasyAtmAnugrahAbhAve'pi bhUtAnugrahaH prayojanam / yogabhASya 1.25 46. yogabhASya 1.26 47. na cezvarasya cittasattvaM mahApralaye'pi prakRtisAmyaM nopaitIti vAcyam / tattvavai. 1.24

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120 bhAratIya tatvajJAna 48. sargArantarasamutpannasaMjihIrSAvadhisamaye pUrNe mayA sattvaprakarSa upAdeya iti praNidhAnaM kRtvA bhagavAn jagat saMjahAra / tadA cezvaracittasattvaM praNidhAnavAsitaM pradhAnasAmyamupagatamapi paripUrNe mahApralayAvadhau praNidhAnavAsanAvazAt tathaivezvaracittaM sattvabhAvena pariNamate / tattvavai. 1.24 48. yasya hi na kadAcidapi pradhAnasAmyaM na tat prAdhAnikam, nApi citizaktirajJatvA dityarthAntaramaprAmANikamApadyeta / tattvavai. 1.24 50. taccAyuktam / tasya heturavidyA' ityAgAmisUtreNAvidyAyA buddhipuruSasaMyogahetutvavacanenezvara syApyavidvattvApatteH...IzvaropAdhau saMskArasya pratiSiddhatvAt tadabhyupagamo'pi teSAmapasiddhAnta eva / yogavArtika 1.24 51. IzvarasyApi dharmAdhiSThAnArthaM pratibandhApanaye eva vyApAro veditavyaH / tattvavai. 4.3 52. Izvarasya tu paraduHkhaprahANecchA vidyamAnA'pi bhaktavazatayA kuNThitA svakAryAya vilambata iti sarvaM samaJjasam, yacca sarvezvarasya karmasApekSatayA vaiSamyaM naipuMNyaM ca brahmamImAMsA sUtreNApAkRtaM tatrApyayamevAzayaH / yogavArtika 1.25 53. bhagavAn jagat saMjahAra / tattvavai. 1.24 54. prakRtervaiSamyahetuH kSobho'pIzvarecchAta eva / yogavArtika 1.24 55. nanu prakRtizcet svatantrA kena prakAreNa tarhi dharmezvarayogisaGkalpAdInAM prakRtipariNAmahetutvamiti pRcchati-kathaM tIti / sUtrArdhenottaramAha - varaNabhedastu tataH kSetrikavaditi |...tthaiv prakRtireva jagatkAraNaM kAlakarmezvarAdayastu prakRteH kAryajananazaktyubodhakAH, Izvarastu sAmyapariNAmAdirUpAkhilAvaraNabhaGgenodbodhakaH... / yogavArtika 4.3 / AF.atrocyate-jIvezvarayoraMzAzinostAvat...nyAyAnugraheNa balavadbhiragnisphuliGgAdibhiH sAMzadRSTAntaiH... / yogavArtika 1.24 57. sAhityaM sahakAritvAdetayoH kalpite ca yat / tatsyAdatizayAdhAnAdekArthakriyayApi vA // 15 // 58. na yuktA kalpanA''dyasya nirvikAratayA tyoH| / na dvitIyasya kAryANAM yaugapadyaprasaGgataH // 96 / / 58, athocyate pradhAnasya trirUpatvaM vyavasthitam / tatrAyaM rajasA yuktaH sargaheturmahezvaraH / / 97 / / udbhUtavRttisattvaM tu yadA saMzrayate punaH / tadA sarvasya lokasya sthiteryAti nimittatAm // 98 / /

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara udbhUtazaktirUpeNa tamasA yujyate yadA / pralayaM sarvajagatastadA kila karotyayam // 99 // 'rajaH sattvAdirUpAdi tadevaM sahakAriNaH / krameNaivAsya vartante kAryANAM nAkramastataH // 100 // 10. ihocyate tayorekakriyAkAle samasti kim / tadanyakAryaniSpattisAmarthyaM yadi vA na tat // 101 // yadyasti sargakAle'pi dvayamapyavaraM bhavet / evamanyasya sadbhAve dvayamanyat prasajyate // 102 // 51. na hi tat pararUpeNa punaranyasya kArakam / svarUpaM ca tadevAsya tatkriyAviratiH kutaH // 103 // 12. tatsAmarthyaviyoge tu naiva tajjanakaM bhavet / anyadA zaktizUnyatvAd viyadambhoruhAdivat // 104 // 13. utkaTaM zaktirUpaM ca yadi tanmAtrakAraNam / sarvadA tad bhaveddhetornityarUpasya sannidheH || 105 || na cAparaM parairiSTamato naivAnyato'pi tat / nApi svatantramevedaM kAdAcitkatvasambhavAt // 106 // svatobhAva hyahetutvaM svakriyAyA virodhataH / apekSayA hi bhAvAnAM kAdAcitkatvasambhavaH // 107 // 64. upalabdha vaizeSikasUtrono mULa garbha lagabhaga I.sa. pUrva trIjI zatAbdIno che. vakhata jatAM te garbhamAM ghaNAM parivartano ane navAM umeraNo thayAM che. atyAre upalabdha vaizeSikasUtrono moTo bhAga I.sa. trIjI zatAbdIno che. sAmAnya rIte vaizeSikasUtrone nyAyasUtro karatAM prAcIna mAnavAmAM Ave che. " 121 fu. "There is no reference to it ( idea of God) in the Suutras of Kanada, though commentators profess to find it there." Outlines of Indian Philosophy, M. Hiriyanna, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1951, p. 142 11. AcAryeNa tu noktam, tasmAt sUtrakAramate nAstIzvaraH / yuktidIpikA, kA. 5 57. evaM kANAdAnAmIzvaro'stIti pAzupatopajJametat / yuktidIpikA (kalakattA, 1933) pR. 85-88 18. "The Vaisesika Sutras... originally did not accept God." Philosophy of Ancient India, p. 23

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122 bhAratIya tatvajJAna ge.gaul Riseft( 85.71.9824) - arata uzol elst EUFS12, 9..3 taditi hiraNyagarbhaparAmarzaH, hiraNyaM reto'syeti kRtvA bhagavAn mahezvara evocyate / Eslarara, 8.8.3 10. A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. I, Cambridge, 1957, p. 282 fn. 3 99. Erich Frauwallner's Posthumous Essays, translated from German by Jayandra Soni, Pub. Aditya Prakashan, Delhi, 1994, pp. 37-38 02. A History of Indian Philosophy, Dasgupta, Vol I, p. 288, fn. 1 193. int, . 2619-266 74. buddhipUrvA vaakykRtirvede| vai0 sU0 6.1.1 94. A History of Indian Philosophy, Dasgupta, Vol I, p. 234. 199.278, 4.738 14. "The sutras (=Vaisesikasutras) do not as yet recognise the concept of God, nor even Candramati's Dasapadarthasastram. And in his Nyayavarttikam Uddyotakara still deals with the Vaisesika polemic against Isvara.... That it was still known at that time that this was a later interpolation into the old system, is evident from the polemic in the commentary to the Sarkhyakarika called Yuktidipika, which belongs more or less to the same period. After showing in detail that the author of the Vaisesika Satras does not recognise Isvara, the author concludes with the words : evam kanadanam Isvaro'stiti pasupatopajnam etat. According to him, then, the doctrine of the supreme God was introduced into the system by Siva devotees." Erich Frauwallner's Posthumous Essays, p. 36. 78. nyAyasUtramAM judA judA staro che. sauthI prAcIna starano kALa Azare I.sa. pUrva 300 che ane sauthI chellA starano kALa Azare I.sa. 400 che. atyAre upalabdha nyAyasUtrano moTo bhAga Azare I.sa. 400nA samayano che. ve. Outlines of Indian Philosophy, M. Hiriyanna, p. 242 Co. "Human Effort Versus God's Effort in the early Nyaya (NS 4.1.19-21)' by Prof. Daniel H: H. Ingalls, Dr. S. K. Belvalkar Felicitation Volume, Motilal Banarasidass, Varanasi, 1957, p. 232. (9.248, 4: 239

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123 bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 82. prati' grahaNena cendriyArthasannikarSasUcanAt... / sAGkhyatattvakaumudI, kA. 5 / pratirAbhimukhyena vartate / nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga 1, pR. 103 83. 4.. - sano.GARAME bha5. 232 84. '....and the final systematizer of the school, Prasastapada or Prasastadeva, sporadically also named Prasastakara, who lived about the second half of the sixth century...' A History of Indian Philosophy, Vo. I, E. Frauwallner, p. 4. 85. tataH punaH prANinAM bhogabhUtaye mahezvarasisRkSAnantaraM sarvAtmagatavRttilabdhAdRSTA pekSebhyastatsaMyogebhyaH pavanaparamANuSu karmotpattau teSAM parasparasaMyogebhyo dvayaNukAdiprakrameNa mahAn vAyuH samutpanno nabhasi dodhUyamAnastiSThati / ... evaM samutpanneSu caturSu mahAbhUteSu mahezvarasyAbhidhyAnamAtrAt taijasebhyo'NubhyaH pArthivaparamANusahitebhyo mahadaNDamArabhyate / tasmizcaturvadanakamalaM sarvalokapitAmahaM brahmANaM sakalabhuvanasahitamutpAdya prajAsarge viniyuGkte / sa ca mahezvareNa viniyukto brahmA atizayajJAnavairAgyaizvaryasampannaH prANinAM karmavipAkaM viditvA karmAnurUpajJAnabhogAyuSaH sutAn prajApatIn...sRSTvA .. AzayAnurUpairdharmajJAnavairAgyaizvaryaiH saMyojayatIti / padArthadharmasaM. pR. 127-131 / 81....brahmaNo'pavargakAle saMsArakhinnAnAM sarvaprANinAM nizi vizrAmArtha sakalabhuvanapatermahezvarasya saJjihIrSAsamakAlaM...AparamANvanto vinAzaH |...ttH pravibhaktAH paramANavo'vatiSThante dharmAdharmasaMskArAnuviddhA AtmAnastAvantameva kAlam / padArthadharmasaM. pR. 122-126 / 87. "Just as Prasastapada introduced Isvara into the system..." Erich Frauwallner's Posthumous Essays, p. 40. 88. Izvarazcejagato nimittaM jagataH sAkSAdupAdAnakAraNaM kim ? uktaM pRthivyAdi paramasUkSma paramANusaMjJitaM dravyamiti / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / / 88. na brUmaH karmAdyanapekSa Izvara: kAraNamiti / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 80.ko'nugrahArthaH ? yad yathAbhUtaM yasya ca yadA vipAkAlaH tat tathA tadA viniyukta iti / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 81.atha nityamaizvaryaM dharmavaiyarthyam, na tad dharmAd bhavatIti / nityamiti brUmaH |...n cezvare dharmo'stItyacodyametat / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 82. saGkhyA-parimANa-pRthaktva-saMyoga-vibhAga-buddhaya eva tasya guNAH / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 83. icchA tu vidyate'kliSTA'vyAhatA sarvArtheSu yathA buddhiriti / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / / 64. yadi punardharmAdharmAbhyAmevAdhiSThitAH paramANavaH pravarteran na yuktametadacetanatvAt, na hi kiJcidacetanaM svatantramadhiSThAyakaM dRSTamiti / abhyupagamyApi ca dharmAdharmayoH

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna, paramANupravRttisAmarthyam, na, karaNasya kevalasya kriyAnivRttAvasAmarthyam, na hi karaNaM kevalaM kriyAM nivartayadupalabhyate / atha paramANvapekSAbhyAM dharmAdharmAbhyAM kriyate, tadapi na yuktamadRSTatvAt, na hi karmakaraNAbhyAM kriyAM janyamAnAM kvacidapi pazyAma iti / AtmA kartA bhaviSyatIti, uktmetdjnytvaaditi| akAraNotpattirbhaviSyatIti, na yuktamadRSTatvAditi / na cAnyA gatirasti / tasmAd buddhimatkAraNAdhiSThitAH paramANavaH karmANi ca pravartanta iti / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 85.na kAraNamIzvaraH vikalpAnupapatteH -- kartA cedIzvaraH, kiM sApekSaH karoti uta nirapekSa iti / kiM cAtaH ? yadi sApekSaH yena karoti tasyAkartA, evamanyatrApi prasaGgaH, tadapi sAdhanaM yena karoti tasyAkarteti / athAyaM kiJcidanapekSya karoti tadvadanyatrApi prasaGgaH / athAyaM sarvamanapekSya karoti, evamapi puruSakarmAphalaM bhavet anirmokSazca prasajyeta / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 1. nirapekSakartRtvasyAnabhyupagamAt dharmAdharmaviphalatvAdidoSo nAsti na cAkarmanimitte sarge doSa iti / yena karoti tasyAkarteti cet, nAnekAntAt, nAyamekAnto'sti yo yena karoti sa tanna karotIti, yathA'nekazilpaparyavadAtaH puruSaH karaNAntaropAdAno vAsyAdi karoti, vAsyAdhupAdAno daNDAdi karoti, tadupAdAno ghaTAdi; na ca paryAyakartRtve sati akartRtvam, tathezvaro'pi dharmAdharmopAdAnaHzarIrasukhaduHkhAdi, AtmamanaHsaMyogazuddhAzuddhAbhisandhisAdhanazca dharmAdharmoM, sukhaduHkhasmRtyapekSaH tatsAdhanAdyapekSazca zuddhamazuddhaM cAbhisandhimiti / yadA karoti tadA sAdhanasthAkarteti cet - atha manyase yadA'yaM sAdhyaM kiJcid dRSTaM nivartayati tadA yena sAdhayati tasyAkartA prasajyata iti ? naitadevam na brUmaH sarvAnanayamekasmin kAle karotIti, api tu paryAyeNa, paryAyakartRtve cAyamadoSaH / yadAdau karoti tasyAsAdhanotpattiriti cet - atha manyase yadi zarIrAdikartRtvaM dharmAdharmAdyapekSasya, atha yadAdau karoti kathaM tat ? AderanabhyupagamAdadezyametat - anAdiH saMsAra iti, pratipAditametat, dharmAdharmasAphalyaM caivam - yadi cAnAdiH saMsAraH sApekSazca kartA, evaM prANyantarasamavAyinAM dharmAdharmANAM sAphalyam / nyAyavA. 4.1.21. / / 87.athAyamIzvaraH kuvArNaH kimarthaM karoti ? loke hi ye kartAro bhavanti te kiJciduddizya pravartante idamApsyAmi idaM hAsyAmi ceti, na punarIzvarasya heyamasti duHkhAbhAvAt, nopAdeyaM vazitvAt / krIDArthamityeke - eke tAvad bruvate krIDArthamIzvaraH sRjtiiti| nanvetadayuktam, krIDA hi nAma ratyarthaM bhavati, vinA krIDayA ratimavindatAm, na ca ratyarthI bhagavAn duHkhAbhAvAditi / duHkhinazca sukhopagamArtha krIDanti / vibhUtikhyApanArthamityapare - jagato vaizvarUpyaM khyApanIyamityapare manyante / etadapi tAdRgeva - na hi vibhUtikhyApanena kazcidatizayo labhyate na cAsyAkhyApanena kiJciddhIyata iti / kimartha tarhi karoti ? tatsvAbhAvyAt kurvanti tathezvaro'pi tatsvAbhAvyAt pravartate iti pravRttisvabhAvakaM tattattvamiti / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 /

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara : 125 58. tatsvAbhAvyAt satatapravRttiriti cet - atha manyase yadi pravRttisvabhAvakaM tattvaM pravRttinivRttI na prApnutaH, na hi pravRttisvabhAvake tattve nivRttiyujyata iti krameNotpattirna prApnoti tattvasyaikarUpatvAt / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 56. naiSa doSaH buddhimattvena vizeSaNAt - buddhimattattvamiti pratipAditam / buddhimattayA ca viziSyamANaM sApekSaM ca na sarvadA pravarttate, na sarvamekasmin kAle utpAdayati yasya kAraNasAnnidhyaM tad bhavati yadasannihitakAraNaM tanna bhavati, na ca sarvasya yugapatkAraNasAnnidhyamasti, ataH sarvasya yugapadutpAdo na prasaktaH, sa khalu pravartamAno dharmAdharmayoH paripAkakAlamapekSate / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / / 100.na ca buddhimattayA vinezvarasya jagadutpAdo ghaTata iti / sA ca buddhiH sarvArthA'tItAnA gatavartamAnaviSayA pratyakSA, nAnumAnikI nAgamikI, na tatrAnumAnaM nAgama iti / jJAnanityatvAcca na saMskAra: nityaM vijJAnamIzvarasyeti na tatra saMskAro vidyata iti, saMskArAbhAvAd buddhinityatvAcca na smRtiH, smRtyabhAvAcca nAnumAnam / na duHkhamadharmasyAbhAvAt / ata eva na vairAgyamiti, duHkhAbhAvAnna virajyata iti / ata eva na dveSo duHkhabhAvAditi / icchA tu vidyate'kliSTA'vyAhatA sarvArtheSu yathA buddhiriti / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 101.atha kimayaM baddho mukta iti ? na baddho duHkhAbhAvAdeva, abaddhatvAnna mukta iti -- bandhavAn mucyata iti, na ca bhagavati bandhanamastIti ato na mukta iti / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 102.AtmAntarANAmasambandhAdadhiSThAtRtvamanupapannamiticet - atha manyase arthAntarasamavAyino ye dharmAdharmAH te na sAkSAdIzvareNa sambadhyante na pAramparyeNa na cAsambaddhamanuSThAtuM zakyate, na cAnadhiSThitayordharmAdharmayoH pravRttiryuktA / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / / . 103. tacca na, ajasambandhopapatteH / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / . 104. ye'pyajaM saMyogaM necchanti teSAmapyaNumanaHsaMyogopapatterasti sambandhaH / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 105. sa punarAtmezvarasambandhaH kiM vyApako'vyApako vA iti arthAbhAvAdavyAkaraNIyaH prshnH|| Atmezvarasambandho'stItyetadeva zakyate vaktum / nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 1.01.nyAyavA. 4.1.21 / 1.07....tasmAdvinAzitvenApi kAryatvAnumAnAt...athavA sannivezaviziSTatvameva hetumbhiddhmhe...| nyAyamaM. bhA0 1, pR0 180 / 108. adRzyasya ca kartRranupalabdhito nAstitvanizcayAnupapatteH... nAkRSTajAtavanaspatInAma kartRtvamiti na vipakSatA / nyAyamaM. bhA0 1, pR0 180 /

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna 126 107. paralokavAdibhiradRzyamAnAnAM karmaNAmapi kAraNatvAbhyupagamAt... atha jagadvaicitryaM karmavyatirekeNa na ghaTata iti karmaNAmadRzyamAnAnAmapi kAraNatvaM kalpyate tatra; yadyevamacetanebhyaH kAryotpAdAnupapatteH kartA'pi cetanasteSAmadhiSThAtA kalpyatAm / nyAyamaM0 bhA0 1, pR0 1980 / 110. na cetaretarAzrayam AgamaikazaraNatvAbhAvAdIzvarasiddheH / nyAyamaM0 bhA0 1, pR0 183 / 111. yathA candanadhUmamitaradhUmavisadRzamavalokya cAndana eva vahniranumIyate tathA vilakSaNAt kAryAt vilakSaNa eva kartA'numAsyate / nyAyamaM0 bhA0 1, pR0 183 11.2. na hIdRzaM paridRzyamAnamanekarUpamaparimitamanantaprANigatavicitrasukhaduHkhasAdhanaM bhuvanAdikAryam anatizayena puMsA kartuM zakyamiti / nyAyamaM0 bhA0 1, pR0 183 113. tatheyatastrailokyasya niravadhiprANisukhaduHkhasAdhanasya sRSTisaMhArasaMvidhAnaM saprayojanaM bahuzAkhaM jAnanneva sraSTA bhavitumarhati mahezvaraH / tasmAtsarvajJaH / nyAyamaM0 bhA0 1, pR0 184 / 114. api ca yathA niyataviSayavRttInAM cakSurAdIndriyANAmadhiSThAtA kSetrajJaH tadapekSayA sarvajJaH evaM sakalakSetrajJakarmaviniyogeSu prabhavanIzvaraH tadapekSayA sarvajJaH / nyAyamaM0 bhA0 1, pR0 184 / 115. puMsAmasarvavittvaM hi rAgAdimalanibandhanam / na ca rAgAdibhiH spRSTo bhagavAniti sarvavit / nyAyamaM0 bhA0 1, pR0 184 / 115. nityaM tajjJAnaM kathamiti cet - tasmin kSaNamapyajJAtari sati tadicchApreryamANakarmAdhInanAnAprakAravyavahAraviramaprasaGgAt / pralayavelAyAM tarhi kutastannityatvakalpaneti -- cet - maivam - ApralayAtsiddhe nityatve tadA vinAzakAraNAbhAvAt asya Atmana va tajjJAnasya nityatvaM setsayati / punazca sargakAle tadutpattikAraNAbhAvAdapi nityaM jJAnam / nyAyamaM0 bhA0 1, pR0 184 / " 117. evaM ca tadatItAnAgatasUkSmavyavahitAdisamastavastuviSayaM na bhinnam, kramayogapadyavikalpAnupapatteH / kramAzrayaNe kvacidajJAtRtvaM syAditi vyavahAralopaH / yaugapadyena sarvajJAtRtve kutastyo jJAnabhedaH ? nyAyamaM0 bhA0 1, pR0 184 / 118. pratyakSasAdharmyAcca tajjJAnaM pratyakSamucyate, na punarindriyArthasannikarSotpannatvamasyAsti, ajanakAnAmevArthAnAM savitRprakAzeneva tena grahaNAt / nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 184 / . jJAnavadanye'pyAtmaguNA ye'sya santi, te nityA eva; manassaMyogAnapekSajanmatvAt / duHkhadveSAstasya' tAvanna santyeva / bhAvanAkhyena saMskAreNApi na prayojanam; sarvadA sarvArthadarzitvena smRtyabhAvAt / ata eva na tasyAnumAnikaM jJAnamiSyate / dharmastu bhUtAnugrahavato vastusvAbhAvyAd bhavanna vAryate, tasya ca phalaM parArthaniSpattireva / sukhaM tvasya nityameva, nityAnandatvenAgamAt pratIteH / asukhitasya caivaMvidhakAryArambhayogyatA'bhAvAt / nyAyamaM0 bhA0 1, pR0 185 / 118.

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 127 120. naiSa doSaH - anAtmamanassaMyogajatvAdicchA svarUpamAtreNa nityApi kadAcitsargeNa kadAcitsaMhAreNa vA viSayeNAnurajyate / sargasaMhArayorantarAle tu jagataH sthityavasthAyAM asmAtkarmaNa idamasya saMpadyatAmitIcchA bhavati prjaapteH||nyaaymN0, bhA0 1, pR0 185 / 121. prayatnastasya saMkalpavizeSAtmaka eva / nyAyama0, bhA0 1, pR0 185 / 122. tadevaM navabhya AtmaguNebhyaH paJca jJAnasukhecchAprayatnadharmAH santIzvare / catvArastu duHkhadveSAdharmasaMskArA na santItyAtmavizeSa evezvaro na dravyAntaram / nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 185 / 123. ucyate - jJAnacikIrSAprayatnayogitvaM kartRtvamAcakSate / taccezvare vidyata evetyuktametat / svazarIrapreraNe ca dRSTamazarIrasyApyAtmanaH kartRtvam, icchAmAtreNa ca tasya kartRtvAt anekavyApAranirvartanopAttadurvahaklezakAluSyavikalpo'pi pratyuktaH / nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 185 / 124. yathA hyacetanaH kAyaH AtmecchAmanuvartate / tadicchAmanuvaya'nte tathaiva paramANavaH // nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 185 / / 125. yastu prayojanavikalpaH - kimarthaM sRjati jaganti bhagavAn ? iti - so'pi na pezalaH / svabhAva evaiSa bhagavataH yat kadAcit sRjati, kadAcicca saMharati vizvamiti / kathaM punarniyatakAla eSo'sya svabhAva iti cet AdityaM pazyatu devAnAMpriyaH yo niyatakAlamudetyastameti ca / nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 186 / 126. krIDArthe'pi jagatsarge na hIyate kRtArthatA / pravartamAnA dRzyante na hi krIDAsu duHkhitA / nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 186 / 127. athavA anukampayaiva sargasaMhArAvArabhatAmIzvaraH / nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 186 / 128. zubhAzubhasaMskArAnuviddhA evAtmAnaH / te ca dharmAdharmanigaDasaMyatatvAdapavarga puradvApravezamalabhamAnAH kathaM nAnukampyAH ? anupabhuktaphalAnAM karmaNAM na prakSayaH / sargamantareNa ca tatphalopabhogAsaMbhava iti zubhaphalopabhogAya svargAdisarga, azubhaphalopabhogAya narakAdisRSTimArabhate dayAlureva bhagavAn / upamogaprabandhena parizrAntAnAmantarA'ntarA vizrAntaye jantUnAM bhuvanopasaMhAramapi karotIti sarvametatkRpAnibandhanameva / nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 186 / 128. nanu ca yugapadeva sakalajagatpralayakaraNamanupapannam, avinAzinAM karmaNAM phalopabhoga pratibandhAsaMbhavAditi coditam / na yuktametat, IzvarecchApratibaddhAnAM karmaNAM stimitazaktInAmavasthAnAt / tadicchApreritAni karmANi phalamAdadhati, tadicchApratibaddhAni ca tatrodAsate / kasmAdevamiti cet, acetanAnAM cetanAnadhiSThitAnAM svakAryakaraNAnupalabdheH / nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 186 /

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128 bhAratIya tatvajJAna 130. nanu evaM tarhi Izvarecchaiva bhavatu kI saMhIM ca, kiM karmabhiH ? maivam, karmabhirvinA jagadvaicitryAnupapatteH / karmanairapekSyapakSe'pi trayo doSA darzitA eva - Izvarasya nirdayatvaM, karmacodanAnarthakyam, anirmokSaprasaGgazceti / tasmAt karmaNAmeva niyojane svAtantrya mIzvarasya, na tannirapekSam / nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 187 / 131. vedasya puruSaH kartA...trailokyanirmANanipuNaH paramezvaraH / nyAyamaM0, bhA0 1, pR0 175. / . . 132. AptopadezaH zabdaH / nyAsU0 1.1.8 / mantrAyurvedaprAmANyavacca tatprAmANyamAptaprAmANyAt / nyAyasU0 2.1.68 / 133. ya eva AptA vedArthAnAM draSTAraH pravaktArazca te... / nyAyabhA0 2.1.68 / 134. parArthaM pravRtto'pi na sukhamayImeva karoti, vicitrakarmAzayasahAyasya kartRtvAdityarthaH / na caivaM sati karuNAvirodhaH, duHkhotpAdasya vairAgyajananadvAreNa paramapuruSArthahetutvAt / kandalI pR0 132 / 1.35. sa hi sarvaprANinAM karmAnurUpaM phalaM prayacchan kathamanIzvaraH syAditi bhAvaH / nahi yogyatAnurUpyeNa bhRtyAnAM phalavizeSapradaH prabhuraprabhurbhavati / kandalI pR0 133 / 11.sarvo'pi kartA kArakasvarUpamavadhArayati, tata icchatIdamahamanena nivartayAmIti, tataH prayatate, tadanu kArya vyApArayati, tataH kAraNAnyadhitiSThati, tataH karoti, anavadhArayannamicchannaprayatamAnaH kAyamavyApArayat na karotItyanvayavyatirekAbhyAM 'buddhivaccharIramapi kAryotpattAvupAyabhUtam / kandalI pR0 137 / / 137. prabhAvAtizayAdazarIravadabuddhimAnevAyamIzvaraH kariSyati / upAdAnopakaraNAdisvarUpAnabhijJo na zaknotIti cet / kuta etat ? tathAnupalambhAditi cet ? phalitaM mamApi manoratha drumeNa / kandalI pR0 137 / 138. atra pratisamAdhiH / kiM zarIritvameva kartRtvamuta paridRSTasAmarthyakArakaprayojakatvam ? na tAvaccharIritvameva kartRtvam, suSuptasyodAsInasya ca kartRtvaprasaGgAt, kintu paridRSTasAmarthyakArakaprayojakatvam tasmin sati kaaryotptteH| taccAzarIrasyApi nirvahati yathA svshriirprernnaayaamaatmnH| asti tatrApyasya svakarmopArjitaM tadeva zarIramiti cet satyamasti, paraM preraNopAyo na bhavati, svAtmani kriyAvirodhAt preryatayA'stIti cet IzvarasyApi preyaH paramANurasti / nanu svazarIre preraNAyA icchAprayatnAbhyAmutpattericchAprayatnayozca sati zarIre bhAvAdasatyabhAvAd asti tasya svapreraNAyAmicchAprayatnajananadvAreNopAyatvamiti cenna, tasyecchAprayatnayorupajananaM pratyeva kArakatvAt, labdhAtmakayoricchAprayatnayoH preraNAkaraNakAle tu tadanupAyabhUtameva zarIraM karmatvAditi vyabhicAraH, anapekSitazarIravyApArasyecchAprayatnamAtrasacivasyaiva cetanasya kadAcida

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 128 cetanavyApAra prati sAmarthyadarzanAt, buddhimadavyabhicAri tu kAryatvamitIzvarasiddhiH / icchAprayatnotpattAvapi zarIramapekSaNIyamiti cet apekSatAM yatra tayorAgantukatvam, yatra punarimau svAbhAvikAvAsAte tatrAsyApekSaNaM vyartham / na ca buddhIcchAprayatnAnAM nityatve kazcid virodhaH / dRSTA hi rUpAdinAM guNAnAmAzrayabhedena dvayI gatiH nityatAnityatA ca / tathA buddhayAdInAmapi bhaviSyatIti / seyamIzvaravAde vAdiprativAdinoH parAkASTA / ataH paraM prapaJcaH / kandalI pR0 138-140 / 138.AtmAdhiSThitAH paramANava pravarttiSyanta iti cenna, teSAM svakarmopArjitendriyagaNAdhInasaMvidAM zarIrotpatteH prAk sarvaviSayAvabodhavirahAt / ...tebhyaH paraH sarvArthadarzisahajajJAnamayaH kartRsvabhAvaH ko'pyadhiSThAtA kalpanIyaH, cetanamadhiSThAtAramantareNAcetanAnAM pravRttyabhAvAt / kandalI pR0 140-141 / 140.sa kimeko'neko vA ? eka iti vadAmaH / bahUnAmasarvajJatve'smadAdivadasAmarthyAt, sarvajJatve tvekasyaiva sAmarthyAdapareSAmanupayogAt / na ca samapradhAnAnAM bhUyasAM sarvadaikamatye heturastIti kadAcidanutpattirapi kAryasya syAt, ekAbhiprAyAnurodhena sarveSAM pravRttAvekasyezvaratvaM nApareSAm, maThapariSadAmiva kAryotpattyanurodhena sarveSAmavirodhe pratyekamanIzvaratvam / kandalI pR0 141 / .sarvajJatvAnna kutracidvastuni vizeSAnupalambhaH / ato na tannibandhanaM mithyAjJAnam, mithyAjJAnAbhAve ca na tanmUlau rAgadveSau, tayorabhAvAnna tatpUrvikA pravRttiH, pravRttyabhAve ca na tatsAdhyau dharmAdharmI, tayorabhAvAt tajayorapi sukhaduHkhayorabhAvaH, sarvadaiva cAnubhavasadbhAvAt smRtisaMskArAvapi nAsAte ityaSTaguNAdhikaraNo bhagavAnIzvara iti kecit / anye tu buddhireva tasyAvyAhatA kriyAzaktirityevaM vadanta icchAprayatnAvapyanaGgIkurvANAH ssddgunnaadhikrnno'ymityaahuH| sa kiM baddho mukto vA ? na tAvad baddhaH, bandhanasamAjJAtasya bandhahetoH klezAderasambhavAt / mukto'pi na bhavati, bandhavicchedaparyAyatvAnmukteH / nityamuktastu syAt / kandalI pR0 142 / 142. kAryAyojanadhRtyAdeH padAt pratyayataH zruteH // vAkyAt saMkhyAvizeSAcca sAdhyo vizvavidavyayaH / / nyAyakusumAJjali 5.1 / 1.43. nanu yadi paramANuSu karma syAt tarhi saMyogasyAvarjanIyatvAd dvayaNukAdikrameNa tadAnImeva vizvaM jagadutpadyeta, ata uktaM pracaya iti / pracayAkhyameva saMyogaM tadA karmArabhate na tu kAryArambhakam... / bodhanI, nyAyakusumAJjali 2.3 / 144. dhRteH khalvapi / kSityAdibrahmANDaparyantaM hi jagat sAkSAt paramparayA vA vidhArakaprayatnAdhiSThitaM gurutve satya'patanadharmakatvAd viyati vihaGgamazarIravat tatsaMyuktadravyavacca / nyAyakusumAJjali 5.4 141

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130 bhAratIya tattvajJAna 1.45. saMharaNAt khalvapi / bahmANDAdidvayaNukaparyantaM jagat / prayatnavadvinAzyaM vinAzyatvAt pATyamAnapaTavat / nyAyakusumAJjali 5.4 141. mahAbhUtasaMplavasaMkSobhalabdhasaMskArANAM paramANUnAM... / nyAyakusumAJjali, 2.3 / 147. padazabdenAtra padyate gamyate vyavahArAGgamartho'neneti bRddhavyavahAra evocyate / ato'pIzvarasiddhiH / tathAhi - yadetat paTAdinirmANanaipuNyaH kuvindA''dInAM, vAgvyavahArazca vyaktavAcAM, lipitatkramavyavahArazca bAlAnAM, sa sarvaH svatantrapuruSavizrAnto vyavahAratvAt / nyAyakusumAJjali 5.5 / / 148. gRhNAti hi Izvaro'pi kAryavazAccharIramantarAntarA, darzayati ca vibhUtimiti / ' nyAyakusumAJjali 5.5 / . 148. IzvarasyAdRSTAbhAve'pi taccharIrasAdhyahetukAsmadAdibhogasampAdakA'dRSTAdevezvarasya zarIro tpattiriti bhAvaH / prakAza, nyAyakusumAJjali 5.5 / 150. sA apekSAbuddhijanyA, anekasaMkhyAtvAt / na cAsmadAdInAmapekSAbuddhiH paramANuSu sambhavati / tad yasyAsau sarvajJaH / anyathA apekSAbuddherabhAvAt saMkhyA'nutpattau tadgataparimANAnutpAde'parimitasya dravyasyAnArambhakatvAt tryaNukAnutpattau vizvAnutpattiprasaGgaH / nyAyakusumAJjali 5.5 / 151. kimidaM zarIratvaM yat prasajyate ? yadi sAkSAt prayatnavadadhiSTheyatvaM tadiSyata eva / nyAyakusumAJjali 5.2 / / 152....prmaannunaaN...krmsntaansyeshvrniHshvsitsy...nyaaykusumaanyjli2.3|prmaannvo hIzvarazarIraM sAkSAt prayatnAdhiSTheyatvAt, tena tadAzrayaM karma IzvaraniHzvasitaM bhavati / bodhanI ttiikaa| 153. asmAkaM tu nisargasundara ! cirAcceto nimagnaM tvayItyaddhA''nandanidhau tathApi taralaM nAdyApi santRpyate / nyAyakusumAJjali 5.19 / 154. prayatnasya dvidharmakatvAt / sa hi jJAnakAryo jJAnaikakaviSayazca / Atmatattvaviveka pR0 381 / 155. tatra kAryatvanivRttau kAraNatayA jJAnaM mA'pekSiSTha viSayArthaM tu tadapekSA kena vAryate ? Atmatattvaviveka pR0 381 / / 15. na ca tasya svarUpeNaiva viSayapravaNatvam, jJAnatvaprasaGgAt / ayameva hi jJAnAt prayatnasya bhedo yadayamApravaNa iti / na ca nirviSaya evAstviti vAcyam, akAraNatvaprasaGgAt / Atmatattvaviveka pR0 381 / / 157. jIvanapUrvakaprayatnavad viSayavyavasthA bhaviSyatIti cet, na, tasya jAtyantaratvAt / Atmatattvaviveka pR0 381 /

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 158. tathA'kRSTaprabhavaistarutRNAdibhirvyabhicAryayaM hetuH| dvividhAni kAryANyupalabhyante, kAnicid buddhimatpUrvakAni yathA ghaTAdIni, kAnicittu tadviparItAni yathA'kRSTaprabhavatRNAdIni / teSAM pakSIkaraNAdavyabhicAre,...na kazcid heturvyabhicArI syAt, vyabhicAraviSayasya sarvatrApi pakSIkartuM zakyatvAt / SaDdarzanasamuccaya-tarkarahasyadIpikA, saM. mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1969, pR0 178-9 158. tathA kAlAtyayApadiSTazcAyaM, akRSTaprabhavAGkarAdau kaJabhAvasyAdhyakSeNAdhyavasAyAt / agneranuSNatve sAdhye dravyatvavat / nanu tatrApyadRzya Izvara eva karteti cet, tanna / yatastatra tatsadbhAvo'smAdevAnyato vA pramANAt sidhyet / prathamapakSe cakrakam / ato hi tatsadbhAve siddhe'syAdRzyatvenAnupalambhasiddhiH, tatsiddhau ca kAlAtyayApadiSTatvAbhAvaH, tatazcAsmAt tatsadbhAvasiddhiriti / dvitIyapakSo'pyayuktaH, tatsadbhAvAvedakasya pramANAntarasyaivAbhAvAt / tarkarahasyadIpikA, pR0 179-180 1.10.vyabhicAriNazcAmI buddhimantamantareNApi vidyudAdInAM prAdurbhAvavibhAvanAt, svapnAdyavasthA yAmabuddhimatpUrvasyApi kAryasya darzanAcceti / tarkarahasyadIpikA, pR0 184 161. tarkarahasyadIpikA, pR0 184 1.12. tarkarahasyadIpikA, pR0 185 11 3. sannivezaviziSTatvaM yAdRgdevakulAdiSu / kartaryanupalabdhe'pi yadRSTau buddhimadgatiH / / 61|| . tAdRgeva yadIkSyeta tanvagAdiSu dharmiSu / yuktaM tatsAdhanAdasmAd yathA'bhISTasya sAdhanam // 62 / / anvayavyatirekAbhyAM yatkAryaM yasya nizcitam / nizcayastasya tadRSTAviti nyAyo vyavasthitaH // 63 / / sannivezavizeSastu naivAmISu tathAvidhaH / na tu tanvAdibhedeSu zabda eva tu kevalam 64 // tAdRzaH procyamAnastu saMdigdhavyatirekatAm / AsAdayati valmIke kumbhakArakRtAdiSu // 65 // tattvasaGgraha sarakhAvo dhamakIrtinI nIcenI kArikA anyathA kumbhakAreNa mRdvikArasya kasyacit / / ghaTAdeH kAraNAt siddhyet valmIkasyApi tatkRtiH // pra0 vA0 1.15 1.14. zarIrAbhAve ca jJAnAdyAzrayatvamapyasaMbhAvyaM, tadutpattAvasya nimittakAraNatvAt, anyathA muktAtmano'pi tadutpattiprasakteH / tarkarahasyadIpikA, pR0 180

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna 1.15. astu vA dRzyo'dRzyo vAsau, tathApi kiM sattAmAtreNa 1, jJAnavattvena 2, jJAnecchA prayatnavattvena 3, tatpUrvakavyApAreNa 4, vA kSityAdeH kAraNaM syAt / tatrAdyapakSe kulAlAdInAmapi jagatkartRtvamanuSajyate, sattvAvizeSAt / dvitIye tu yoginAmapi krttvaapttiH| tRtIyo'pyasAMprataH, azarIrasya pUrvameva jJAnAdyAzrayatvapratiSedhAt / caturtho'pyasaMbhAvyaH, azarIrasya kAyavAkRtavyApAravattvAsaMbhavAt / tarkarahasyadIpikA, pR0 181 1.11.yathA tatkAraNaM vastu tathaiva tadakAraNam / yadA tatkAraNaM kena mataM neSTamakAraNam // pra0 vA0 1.22 1.17. svabhAvabhedena vinA vyApAro'pi na yujyte| . nityasyAvyatirekitvAt sAmarthyaM ca duranvayam // pra0 vA0 1.24 1.1 8. pRthak pRthagazaktAnAM svbhaavaatishye'sti| . saMhatAvapyasAmarthyaM syAt siddho'tishysttH||1.29|| tasmAt pRthagazakteSu yeSu saMbhAvyate gunnH| saMhatau hetutA teSAM nezvarAderabhedataH // 1.30 // pra0 vA0 169. tarkarahasyadIpikA, pR0 187 1.70.ye vA krameNa jAyante te nezvarahetukAH / yathoktasAdhanodbhUtA jaDAnAM pratyayA iva / / 88 // teSAmapi tadudbhUtau viphalA sAdhanAbhidhA / nityatvAdacikitsyasya naiva sA sahakAriNI / / 89 // tattvasaGgraha 1.71. kartRtvapratiSedhAcca sarvajJatvaM nirAkRtam / boddhavyaM tadbalenaiva sarvajJatvopapAdanam / / 11 / / tattvasaGgraha 172. viSayANAM kramikatvena tajjJAneSvapi ca kramaH // 76 / / tattvasaMgraha 173. sumo tatvasari 156-170, 26syahIpi, pR0 182-83, syAdvAdamaMjarI, zloka 6 upara. 1.74. "The law of karma is thought sufficient to guide the formation of objects...There is neither creation nor total destruction. The world is etermally there." An Introduction to Indian Philosophy, S. C. Chatterjee & D. M. Datta, 1954, p. 339. 175. na hi atIndriyArthe vacanamantareNa avagatiH sambhavati, tadidamuktam - azakyaM hi tat puruSeNa jJAtumRte vacanAt / zAbarabhASya 1.1.2 1.71.mImAMsAsUtra 1.1.27-32 (zAbarabhASya sahita)

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 1 33 177. iSama pramANe cAt sarvajJa nI vArtA ekena tu pramANena sarvajJo yena kalpyate // nUnaM sa cakSuSA sarvAn rasAdIn prtipdyte| zlokavArtika codanAsUtra zloka 110-112 arthAt sarvajJatAnA niSedhano artha che sAkSAt dharmazatvano niSedha. eTale ke koI paNa puruSa dharmane pratyakSathI jANIne sarvazana banI zake. dharma sivAya anya badhA padArthonuM jJAna jo te karavA mAgato hoya to bhale kare, amane koI vAMdho nathI. A rIte dharmane to veTha dvArA ja ane anya padArthone pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, arthopatti ane abhAva Adi pramANothI yathAyogya jANIne koI ja ADakatarI rIte sarvajJa banavA icchato hoya to paNa eka pratyakSa pramANa dvArA ja je sarvajJa banI dharmane paNa jANavA icche che te to enA jevo che je kevaLa AMkha vaDe ja rasa, gaMdha, sparza, zabda badhAne jANavA Icche che. 178.i iinata thavA draDhAsUtra rU.2.40 179. vivekapUDAmaNi, kSo 220 180.todju sItAraivatyam vekAntasUtra ra3.33 zaramALa sahita 181. bhAratIya rana, mAvArtha nava upAdhyAya, 2284, pR. 360 182. zaktidvayaM hi mAyAyA vikSepAvRtirUpakam / dRgdRzyaviveka, zloka 13 183. parIyaDa di kartutve royeva nIvaH purvanta di takIzvaraH pati velU 2.rU.42-42 zaramAgya 9C8. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy, S. C. Chatterjee & D. M. Datta, 1954, p. 404 405 185. bhAratIya Tana, mAvAI tava upAdhyAya, pR. 63, 647-648, 965. "Sankara also speaks of Maya as the power of God, but this creative power, according to him, is not a permanent character of God, as Ramanuja thinks, but only a free will which can, therefore, be given up at will." An Introduction to Indian Philosophy, S. C. Chatterjee & D. M. Datta, p. 378. qCU. "It will be quite clear now that Sankara does not deny the world in the second or practical aspect, like a subjective idealist who reduces it to a mere idea of the perceiving individual, and who does not allow it an extra-mental existence. This will be further evident from the way in which he refutes the subjectivism of the Vijnanavadin." ejana, pR. 393

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134 bhAratIya tattvajJAna , 188. "There are two problems that appear in the human mind as to the world. One of them is : What is the ultimate ground, substance, or reality logically presupposed by the world ? The other is : Why or how the world originates from what is accepted as the ultimate ? The solution of the first is the primary business of philosophy. ... The soultion of the second problem is the business of mythology which starts with God (or some other ultimate) and gives an imaginary account of why and how the world is created. Imagination is the chief instrument here, and no logical rigour can be expected in its work." mena, pR0 402 188. sarvapramANasya savizeSaviSayatayA nirvizeSavastuni na kimapi pramANaM samasti / nirvikalpakapratyakSe'pi savizeSameva vastu pratIyate / sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 43 1.80. nirguNavAdAzca parasya brahmaNo heyaguNasambandhAdupapadyate / zrIbhASya, pR0 83 181.bhAratIya darzana, AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 392, 394-395 962. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy, S. C. Chatterjee & D. M. Datta, p. 419-420 183. sthUlasUkSmacidacitprakArakaM brahmaiva kAraNaM ceti brahmopAdAnaM jagat / sUkSmacidacitoH sarvAvasthAsthitayoH paramapuruSazarIratvena tatprakAratayA padArthatvAt tatprakAraH paramapuruSaH sarvadA sarvazabdavAcya iti vizeSaH / zrIbhASya, 1.1.1 (pR. 82). bhAratIya darzana, A0 baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 393-394 184. vastvantaraviziSTasyaiva advitIyatvaM zrutyubhaprAyaH / sUkSmacidacidviziSTasya brahmaNaH tadAnIM siddhatvAt viziSTasyaiva advitIyatvaM siddham / vedAntatattvasAra 185.zrIbhASya 1.1.1 (pR.88) 18. bhAratIya darzana, A0 baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 393 197. ejana, pR. 396-397. 198. ubhayaparikarmitasvAntasyaikAntikAtyantikabhaktiyogalabhyaH / yAmunAcArya rAmAnu4 'zAna' 20-6no martha upAsanA (mata) 3 cha. zubho : "ato...dhyAnopAsanAdivAcyaM jJAnam"; "vedanam upAsanaM syAt"; "upAsanA paryAyatvAt 'bhakti'zabdasya" zrIbhASya 1.1.1. 188. zrIvaikuNThamupetya nityamajaDaM tasmin prbrhmnnH| sAyujyaM samavApya nandati samaM tenaiva dhanyaH pumAn // varadaguru

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bhAratIya darzanomAM Izvara 200. evaM guNAH samAnAH syurmuktAnAmIzvarasya ca / sarvakartRtvamevaikaM tebhyo deve viziSyate // sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 47 201. svalIlAvazAdarcAvibhavavyUhasUkSmAntaryAmibhedena paJcadhAvatiSThate / tatra arcA nAma pratimAdayaH / rAmAdyavatAro vibhavaH / vyUhazcaturvidho vAsudevasaMkarSaNapradyumnAniruddhasaMjJakaH / sUkSmaM saMpUrNa SaDguNaM vAsudevAkhyaM paraM brahma / antaryAmI sakalajIvaniyAmakaH / sarvadarzanasaMgraha, rAmAnujadarzana, pR0 223-225 202. 'brahma' zabdena ca svabhAvato nirastanikhiladoSaH anavadhikAtizayAsaMkhyeyakalyANaguNagaNaH puruSottama abhidhIyate / sarvatra bRhatvaguNayogena hi 'brahma' zabdaH / bRhatvaM ca svarUpeNa guNaizca yatrAnavAdhikAtizayaM so'sya mukhyArthaH / sa ca sarvezvara eva / ato 'brahma'zabdaH tatraiva mukhyavRttaH / zrIbhASya 1.1.1. 203. bhAratIya tattvavidyA, 1958, pR0 75 204. avatArAdayo viSNoH sarve pUrNAH prakIrtitAH / mAdhvabRhadbhASya 205. paramAtmabhinnA tanmAtrAdhInA lakSmI / madhvasiddhAntasAra pR0 26 2 0 1 . dhyAnaM ca itaratiraskArapUrvakabhagavadviSayakAkhaNDasmRtiH / 048, 0 117 207. muktAH prApya paraM viSNuM taddehaM saMzritA api / tAratamyena tiSThanti guNairAdanandapUrvakaiH / / gItAmadhvabhASya 208. jIvasya tAdRzatvaM ca cittvamAtraM na cAparam / madhvasiddhAntasAra, pR0 30 niraJjanaH paramaM sAmyamupaiti / muNDaka 3.1.3. bhuMDanAsA vA'yane khAnA samarthanamAM uSkRta karavAmAM Ave che. 207. sAyujyaM nAma bhagavantaM pravizya taccharIreNa bhogaH / madhvasiddhAntasAra 210. bhAratIya darzana, A. baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 403 - 409; tathA madhvasiddhAntasAra 211. dazazlokI / vedAntapArijAtasaurabha / 212. bhAratIya tattvavidhA, pR. 84. 213. 214. aMzo hi zaktirUpoM grAhyaH / kaustubha, 2.3.42 svabhAvato'pAstasamastadoSamazeSakalyANaguNaikarAzim / dazazlokI, 4 215. dazazlokI, 2 21.5. dazazlokI navama padya para vedAntaratnamaJjUSA 21.7. bhAratIya darzana, A0 baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 409-412 218. ejana, pR0 410 219. bhAratIya tattvavidyA, pR0 69, 82 220. bhAratIya darzana, A0 baladeva upAdhyAya, pR0 414 135

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136 bhAratIya tatvajJAna 221.. zuddhAdvaitapade jJeyaH samAsaH karmadhArayaH / advaitaM zuddhayoH prAhuH SaSThItatpuruSa budhaH // mAyAsambandharahitaM zuddhamityucyate budhaiH / kAryakAraNarUpaM hi brahma na mAyikam / / zuddhAdvaitamArtaNDa, 27-28 222. anubhavaviSayatvayogyatA AvirbhAvaH, tadaviSayatvayogyatA tirobhaavH| vidvanmaNDana, pR07 223. tad brahmaiva...samavAyikAraNam / kutaH ? samanvayAt samyaganuvRttatvAt / , astibhAtipriyatvena saccidAnandarUpeNAnvayAt / aNubhASya 1.1.3 224. aNubhASya 3.2.5 (parAbhidhyAnAttu). 225. prameyaratnArNava, pR07-9 221. nRNAM niHzreyasArthAya vyaktirbhagavato nRp| bhAgavata, 10.29.14 ataH svaparaprayojanAbhAvAd ___yadisAdhananirapekSAMmuktiMnaprayacchet, tdaavyktiHpraadurbhaavHpryojnrhitaivsyaat|subodhinii 227. puruSaH sa paraH pArtha bhaktyA labhyastvananyayA / gItA 8.22 / tena jJAnamArgIyANAM na puruSottamaprAptiriti siddham / aNubhASya 3.3.33 228. poSaNaM tadanugrahaH / bhAgavata 2.10 226. prameyaratnAvarNava, pR0 19 / aNubhASya, 3.3.29 tathA 4.4.9. 230. muktirhitvA'nyathAbhAvaM svarUpeNa vyavasthitiH / bhAgavata 231. bhAratIya tatvavighA, pR0 85

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAono sAmAnya paricaya sane, vastune (Realityne) ApaNe kevI rIte jANI zakIe chIe e prazna atyanta mahattvano che. jenA vaDe ApaNe vastune jANI zakIe evAM koI sAdhano che? jo hoya to keTalAM che ane zA AdhAre ApaNe temane yathArtha jJAnanAM pramAnAM) sAdhano gaNI zakIe? jJAnanA yathArthanI (prAmANyanI) kasoTI zI che? jJAnane ane jJAnanA yathArmene ApaNe kevI rIte jANIe chIe? jJAna aMgenI A keTalIka samasyAo che. A samasyAono uttara bhAratIya darzanoe zo Apyo che te ApaNe saMkSepamAM ahIM nirUpIzuM. pramA(pramANa yathArtha jJAna)nuM lakSaNa kaNAdane mate je jJAna doSarahita che te jJAna ja yathArtha che, pramANa* che, vidyA che.' temano kahevAno Azaya e che ke je jJAnanuM kAraNa doSarahita che te jJAna ja yathArtha che. vAtsyAyana sarva upalabdhine yathArtha jJAna kahe che. paraMtu e hakIkta emanA dhyAna bahAra nathI ke badhAM jJAno yathArtha (pramA=pramANa) nathI paraMtu te phAno ja yathArtha che je vastune jevI che tevI rajU kare che (arthavat pramANama). vAcaspati 'arthavatu' zabdano artha kare che arthavyabhicAri. 'arthAvyabhicAri thI pote zuM kahevA mAge che te vAcaspati vizada rIte samajAve che. A dharmane pramAlakSaNamAM te akSarazaH mUke che."Ama jJAnano artha svabhAva sAthe avisaMvAda ja jJAnanuM bhAthArtha ke prAmANya che. uttarakAlIna taiyAyiko vAcaspatinuM anusaraNa kare che ane kahe che ke arthamAM je dharma kharekhara hoya te dharmasahita arthane rajU karanAruM jJAna pramANa (yathArtha) che. tethI tarkasaMgrahamAM yathArtha anubhavanuM lakSaNa A. pramANe che- tati tAroDanumavo yathArtha vaLI, jJAnanA tajajanya pravRtti sAthenA saMvAdane pramANanA eka lakSaNa tarIke rajU karatAM paNa taiyAyiko khacakAtA nathI. je jJAna arthakriyAkArI che, arthAt je jJAna pravRttine saphaLa banAve che te jJAna yathArtha (arthavatu = pramANa) che. A che jJAnano svajanya pravRtti sAtheno avisaMvAda." prabhAkare anubhUtine ja pramANanA lakSaNarUpe prastuta karI che. bauddha prabhAva heThaLa bhAda mImAMsakoe agRhItagrAhityane pramANanA eka anivArya dharma tarIke svIkAryuM che. teo evA matanA che ke te ja jJAnane pramANa gaNI zakAya je yathArtha hovA uparAMta agRhItagrAhI hoya. je jJAna kaMI navuM jJAna na karAve ane piSTapeSaNarUpa hoya te jJAna yathArtha hovA chatAM vyartha

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138 bhAratIya tattvajJAna che, nirarthaka che. tethI yathArtha jJAna jo agRhItagrAhI hoya to ja tene pramApaDhe sthApavuM joIe, anyathA nahi. A mImAMsaka matano naiyAyiko sakhata virodha kare che. teo kahe che ke gRhIta viSayane grahaNa karanAro yathArtha anubhava viphaLa yA nirarthaka nathI. sApa, kAMTo, rIMcha, magara, viSadhara, vagere heya viSayo pharI pharI dekhAya che tyAre dareka vakhate temane dUra karavA satvara pravRtti thAya che. caMdana, kapUra, hAra, ramaNI, vagere upAdeya viSayo pharI pharI daSTigocara thAya che tyAre dareka vakhate atyaMta sukha thAya che, A sukha darekane anubhavagamya che. Ama tyAjya vastunuM punaH punaH darzana ke grAhya vastunuM punaH punaH darzana akiMcitkara nathI. tethI jJAnane pramA banavA agRhItagrAhI hovuM jarUrI nathI. agRhItagrAhitva uparAMta aDuTakAraNajanyatvane paNa bhATTa mImAMsakoe pramANalakSaNamAM sthAna ApyuM che. Ama karIne temaNe kaNAdanuM anusaraNa karyuM che. - 1. 11 3 bauddha dharmakIrti avisaMvAditAne pramANanA lakSaNa tarIke rajU kare che. te avisaMvAditAne jJAna ane tajanya pravRttino saMvAda samaje che. je viSayanuM jJAna thayuM hoya te ja viSayane prApta karavA karAyelI te jJAnajanya pravRtti te viSayane prApta kare to te jJAna avisaMvAdI gaNAya. virodhIoe jaNAvyuM ke bauddha mate vastu kSaNika hoI jJAne darzAvela viSaya ane te jJAnajanya pravRtti vaDe prAsa viSaya kadI eka hoI zake ja nahi; pariNAme, kSaNikavAThamAM jJAna ane pravRtti vacceno avisaMvAda ja asaMbhava hoI koI jJAnane pramANa gaNI zakAya nahi. A muzkelIno ukela dharmottara ema sUcavIne kare che ke pramANanuM lakSaNa bAMdhatI vakhate dharmakIrtie viSayasantatine daSTi samakSa rAkhI che, te santatinI kSaNone daSTi samakSa rAkhI nathI.12 dharmakIrtie pramANanI samasyAne vyAvahArika daSTie vicArI che, je daSTi vastune sthAyI svIkAre che. uparAMta, dharmakIrtine mATe pramANe ajJAta arthane grahaNa karavuM Avazyaka che. pramANa e kaMIka navuM jJAna che, te agRhItagrAhI che, ajJAta arthano prakAza karanAruM che. dharmakIrtine koI Apatti Ape che ke pramANanuM AvuM lakSaNa mAnatAM to svalakSaNarUpa vizeSane grahaNa karanAra jJAna pachI tarata utpanna thanAruM sAmAnyagrAhI jJAna pramANa banI jaze kAraNa ke svalakSaNagrAhI pUrva jJAne na jANelA viSayane (sAmAnyane) te jJAnathI janma uttara jJAna jANe che." paraMtu dharmakIrti jaNAve che ke temano Azaya ema kahevAno che ke ajJAta svalakSaNane jANanAruM jJAna pramANa che;' pramANa dvArA loko svalakSaNarUpa vizeSane meLavavA icche che, kAraNa ke svalakSaNarUpa vizeSa ja snAna, pAna, vagere abhimata arthakriyA pAra pADavAnuM sAdhana che.' bauddha mate vastu kSaNika hoI koI eka vastune grahaNa karanArAM be jJAno saMbhavI ja na zake. tethI kSaNikavAdanA mULabhUta siddhAntanI sAthe saMvAda jALavavA mATe pramANanA viziSTa lakSaNa tarIke agRhItagrAhitvane rajU karavAnuM dharmakIrti yogya samaje che. 14

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 139 jaina paraMparAmAM siddhasena divAkara pramANane sva-paraprakAzarUpe prastuta kare che. akalaMka paNa A lakSaNane pramANanA eka lAkSaNika dharma tarIke svIkAre che, paraMtu te avisaMvAdane ja pramANanA kharA lakSaNa tarIke svIkAre che. avisaMvAdano temane abhipreta artha che bIjA pramANa vaDe bAdha na pAmavo te tema ja potAnI aMdara ja pUrvApara avirodha." uparAMta, avisaMvAdathI jJAna ane viSayasvabhAva vacceno meLa (saMvAda) paNa te samaje che. keTalIka vAra avisaMvAdano artha jJAna ane tajajanya pravRtti vacceno saMvAda te kare che. avisaMvAda uparAMta vyavasAyAtmakatAne paNa te pramANano eka Avazyaka dharma gaNe che. temanuM nirIkSaNa che ke pramANanI avisaMvAditA vyavasAyAtmakatA vinA saMbhavatI nathI. avisaMvAditA nirNayAtmaktAyatta che. vaLI, te 'anadhigatArthAdhigamna (= "agRhItagrAhI) vizeSaNane pramANalakSaNamAM dAkhala kare che." ahIM dharmakIrtino prabhAva jaNAya che. kSaNikavAdI bauddha badhAM pramANarUpa jJAnone navIna arthane grahaNa karanArAM gaNI zake. paraMtu jenone mate to vastu kathaMcit sthAyI che. tethI pramANanI vyAkhyAmAM akaleke "anadhigatAryAdiganta pada dAkhala karavuM yogya nathI. uttaramAM akalaMka jaNAve che ke vastu kathaMcit sthAyI hoI asaMkhya (anaMta) paryAyo, dharmo dharAve che. tethI be ke vadhu pramANarUpa jJAna eka ja viSayavastune jANatAM hovA chatAM te jJAno bIjA koI paNa phAne nirNAta na karelA dharma yA paryAyane nirNata kare che. tethI akalaMkane mate 'anadhigatAryAdhigamna' padano artha che "anirNatArthanirNatikaA." akalaMka smRtinI bAbatamAM A zaratamAM chUTa mUke che. Ama A zarata bAbate te custa nathI. tethI, chevaTe akalaMka anusAra pramANajJAnanA Avazyaka prANabhUta dharmo che jJAnano viSaya sAthe saMvAda, abhimata arthakriyA sAdhI ApanAra viSayane prApta karAvI ApavAnuM te jJAnanuM sAmarthya ane te jJAnano vyavasAyAtmaka svabhAva. e noMdhavuM rasaprada banaze ke akalaMka anekAntavAdanA siddhAnta sAthe saMvAditA jALavavA badhAM ja vyAvahArika jJAnone pramANa ane apramANa banerUpa gaNe che. koI paNa vyAvahArika jJAna ekAntapaNe pramANa ke apramANa nathI. paraMtu ApaNe te jJAnane pramANa gaNIe chIe jo te jJAnano prastuta viSaya sAthe mahadaMze saMvAda hoya, ane te jJAnane apramANa gaNIe chIe jo te jJAnano prastuta viSaya sAthe mahadaMze visaMvAda hoya. indriyo ane mananI zaktio maryAdita che e hakIktanuM bhAna akalaMkane Avo mata ghaDavA tarapha dorI gayuM lAge che. paraMtu indriyo ane mananI apekSA na rAkhanAra kevalajJAna nAmanA utkRSTa mukhya parama pratyakSajJAnanI ekAntika Acantika (absolute) pramANatAno niSedha akalaMka karaze nahi. A sUcave che ke anekAntasiddhAntane je te bAbatane lAgu pADavAmAM viveka jarUrI che. jo vinA viveka tene badhe ekasarakho lAgu pADavAmAM Ave to kevalajJAnane paNa kathaMcit pramANa ane kathaMcit apramANa gaNavuM paDe. paraMtu ahIM kevalajJAnanA kSetramAM anekAntavAdano vyApAra

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140 bhAratIya tatvajJAna aTakI jAya che. tethI kahyuM che ke anekAnta paNa anekAnta che, arthAt amuka kSetromAM te vyApAra kare che ane amuka kSetromAM teno vyApAra aTakI jAya che. - sAMkhyamatamAM citta (buddhi) jJAtA che. cittacittavRtti dvArA vastune jANe che. cittavRtti eTale cittano viSayAkAra pariNAma. cittavRtti ja sAMkhyamate jJAna che, je cittavRtti (jJAna) asaMdigdha hoya, avyabhicArI hoya ane anadhigataviSayaka hoya te ja pramANa che." pramAnuM sAdhakatama kAraNa (karaNa pramANa) ApaNe pramAnI ( yathArtha jJAnanI) vyAkhyAonI carcA karI. paraMtu pramAnuM sAdhatama kAraNa (=karaNa) zuM che? nyAyabhASyakAra vAtsyAyana pramAnA (upalabdhinA) hetune pramAkaraNa (= pramANa) mAne che. paraMtu zuM AvA jJAnanA koI paNa kAraNane pramAkaraNa (=pramANa) gaNI zakAya? koI paNa kAraNane nahi paNa je sAdhakatama kAraNa hoya tene ja pramAkaraNa (= pramANa) gaNAya. paraMtu ahIM prazna UThe che ke pramAjJAnanAM janaka kAraNo to prameya, pramAtA, vagere aneka hoya che, to te aneka kAraNomAMthI kyA kAraNane sAdhaktama gaNavuM? A prazna paratve naiyAyikomAM be mata che. keTalAka naiyAyiko mAne che ke pramArUpa kArya je vyApArathI avyavahitapaNe sAkSAt utpanna thAya te vyApAra ja pramAnuM sAdhaktama kAraNa che. keTalAka naiyAyikonA mate Avo vyApAra je kAraka dharAvatuM hoya te sAdhakatama kAraNa (karaNa) che. AthI sAkSAtkArI (=pratyakSa) pramAzAnanI bAbatamAM prathama mata dharAvatA niyAyiko IdriyanA vyApArane (=sannikarSane) sAdhatama kAraNa (karaNa) arthAt pramANa gaNe che jyAre bIjo mata dharAvatA niyAyiko te sannikarSarUpa vyApAravALI indriyane sAdhakatama kAraNa arthAt pramANa gaNe che. naiyAyika jayaMta bhaTTa to je kAraNothI pramAAna utpanna thAya che te badhAM kAraNonI sAmagrIne ja sAdhakatama kAraNa gaNI pramANapade sthApe che. A kAraNasAmagrInI aMdara pramAtA, prameya ane yathAsaMbhava indriya, mana, prakAza vagereno samAveza thato hoI tene bodhAbodhasvabhAvavALI temaNe varNavI che. sAmagrI tadantargata kArakonI apekSAe sAdhatama che. sAmagrI vyApArarahita che. e nodhavuM rasaprada banaze ke kumArile potAnA zlokvArtikamAM pramANa aMgenA vividha zakyA matone gaNAvatAM A matano sauprathama nirdeza kya che." pramANa e pramAnuM sAdhakatama kAraNa che. tethI pramA e pramANanuM phaLa che. pramANa ane phaLa (= pramA) vacce bheda che ke abheda e prazna paratvenyAyavaizeSikono spaSTa mata che ke te baMne vacce bheda che. A mata temanA mULabhUta siddhAnta AraMbhavAdanuM phalita che. AraMbhavAda utpatti pUrve kAryane asat mAne che tema ja kAraNa ane kArya vacce AtyaMtika bheda mAne che, kArya utpanna thaI samavAyasaMbaMdhathI kAraNamAM rahe che. eka vastu noMdhavI joIe ke hAnapAdAnAdibuddhi sudhInI lAMbI jJAnaprakriyAmAM eka ja jJAnAvasthA pUrva phAnAvasthAnI apekSAe phaLa ane uttara jJAnAvasthAnI apekSAe pramANa che.

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 141 naiyAyikoe indriyavyApArathI hAnapAdAnAdibuddhi sudhI kramika phaLonI paraMparAne phaLa gaNavA chatAM te paraMparAmAM pUrva pUrva phaLane uttara uttara phaLanI apekSAe pramANa gayuM che. arthAt indriya to pramANa ja che, phaLa nathI; ane hAnopAdAnAdibuddhi phaLa ja che, pramANa nathI. paraMtu madhyagata satrikarSa, nirvikalpa ane savikalpa A traNa pUrva pramANanI apekSAe phaLa che jyAre uttara phaLanI apekSAe pramANa paNa che. Ama phaLa pramANa kahevAya che paraMtu svabhinna uttaraphaLanI apekSAe, kAraNa ke taiyAyikone mate pramANa ane tenuM phaLa abhinna nathI, naiyAyikone pramANa ane phaLano abheda ISTa nathI. dharmakIrti mAne che ke jJAna sivAya bIjuM koI pramAkaraNarUpa pramANa kahevAvAne lAyaka nathI kAraNa ke te ja pramAnuM sAdhaktama kAraNa che. AnAM be kAraNo che: (1) indriyo, satrikarSa, vagere ajJAnarUpa hoI jJAnane utpanna karavuM temanA mATe asaMbhava che. (2) jJAna ja upAdeya vastunI prApti ane heya vastuno parihAra karAvavA samartha che. AmAMthI e tAraNa nIkaLe che ke cAra pratyayomAMthI ( kAraNomAMthI) avyavahita pUrvavartI jJAnakSaNane (samanantarapratyayane) dharmakIrti pramAnuM sAdhakatama kAraNa gaNe che. ahIM pramANa zabdathI dharmakIrti prabhArUpa phaLanuM sAdhakatama kAraNa samaje che. paraMtu anya sthaLe te eka DagaluM AgaLa vadhI pramAzAnagata viSayasArUpyane pramANa gaNe che. te jaNAve che ke amuka pramAzAnane nIlajJAna ke pItajJAnarUpe nirNAta te pramAjJAnagata arthasArUpyane AdhAre karavAmAM AvatuM hoI A arthasArUpyane pramANa gaNavuM joIe. ahIM temaNe pramAzAnanA sAdhakatama kAraNane pramANa gaNavAnuM choDI dIdhuM jaNAya che. tene badale jene AdhAre pramAjJAnane nIlajJAna ke pItajJAna tarIke nirNAta karavAmAM Ave che te jJAnagata viSayAkArane (arthasArUpyane) pramANa kahevuM te yogya gaNe che. Ama pramA ane pramANa vacce kAryakAraNabhAva nathI paNa vyavasthApyavyavasthApakabhAva che.* vaLI, amuka pramAjJAna ane taddagata arthakAra vacce abheda hoI, dharmakIrti pramANa ane phaLano abheda mAne che. A vAta te sautrAnika daSTibiMdue kare che. paraMtu vijJAnavAdI tarIke te jaNAve che ke jJAnanI potAne jANavAnI yogyatA e pramANa che ane jJAnane potAne thatuM potAnuM jJAna (svasaMvedana) pramANaphaLa che." jaina tArkika akalaMka paNa dhamakIrti sAthe eTale sudhI sahamata che ke jJAnane ja pramAnA ' sAdhakatama kAraNarUpa pramANa tarIke svIkAravuM joIe. jJAnane ja pramANa tarIke svIkAravAnAM je kAraNo dharmakIrtie ApyAM che te ja kAraNo akalaMka paNa Ape che." paraMtu temanA A matano artha e che ke (Atmadravyano) jJAna nAmano guNa potAnA amuka paryAyanuM (arthAt yathArtha ghaTajJAna, paTajJAna jevA koI paryAyanuM) sAdhakatama kAraNa che. jJAnaguNa pote pramANa che ane teno yathArtha ghaTAna AdirUpa paryAya pramA che. tethI te be vacce bhedabhedano saMbaMdha che. Ama akalaMkanA mate pramANa ane phaLa vacce bhedabheda che.?

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142 bhAratIya tattvajJAna e hakIkta noMdhapAtra che ke jJAnaprakriyAnI kAryakAraNanI zRMkhalAnI madhyavartI kaDIone sApekSabhAvathI pramANa ane phaLa baMne gaNavAnI cAyavaizeSika zailIne paNa jaina paraMparAmAM akalaMka ja sauprathama svIkAre che. uttaravartI kALamAM AcArya hemacaMdra akalake kahelI vAtane ja judI rIte rajU kare che. te kahe che ke kartastha jJAnaguNa pramANa che ane te jJAnaguNa karmonmukha banI ghaTajJAna vagerarUpa je paryAya dhAraNa kare che te phaLa che. jJAnaguNa ane tenA ghaTajJAna vagere paryAya vacce bhedabheda che, ane temanI vacce vyavasthApya-vyavasthApakabhAva che. eka ja jJAnamAM gAnaguNa ane jJAnaguNaparyAya baMne hoI pramANa ane phaLavacce abheda che paraMtu te baMne vacce vyavasthApyavyavasthApaka bhAva hoI bheda che." jJAnanuM jJAna kevI rIte thAya che? bAhyArthavAdIke vijJAnavAdI badhA ja bauddhone mate phAna svayaM potAne jANe che, jJAna svaprakAza che, svasaMvedI che. jeno, prAbhAkaramImAMsako ane vedAntIo A mudde bauddho sAthe sahamata che. paraMtu bhAka mImAMsako ane naiyAyiko viziSTa mato dharAve che. bhATTo anusAra jJAna svasavedI to nathI ja paNa sAthe sAthe pratyakSagrAhya paNa nathI. jJAnanA pariNAma (kArya) uparathI jJAnanuM anumAna thAya che. jJAnanuM pariNAma che jJAnane kAraNe viSayamAM AvelI jJAtatA (prAkaTaca). udAharaNArtha, jyAre ApaNe ghaTane jANIe chIe tyAre ghaTamAM jJAtatA nAmano dharma pedA thAya che. te jJAtatA uparathI ghaTajJAnanuM anumAna ApaNe karIe chIe."Ama jJAna svabhAvathI ja kumArilamate parokSa che. zAnajanya zAtatArUpa liMga dvArA jJAnanuM anumAna thAya che. naiyAyika anusAra jJAna pratyakSagrAhya hovA chatAM te potAnA sivAya bIjA jJAnathI pratyakSa thAya che. jJAna anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSathI grAhya che. naiyAyikamate 'A ghaTa che" evuM cAkSuSa jJAna thAya che tyAre te jJAnamAM to te jJAnanuM jJAna bhAsatuM nathI. paraMtu A cAkSuSa jJAna thayA pachI, jo jJAtA icche to, chaThThI indriya mana dvArA cAkSuSa jJAnanuM mAnasa pratyakSa thAya che. A mAnasa pratyakSane anuvyavasAya kahevAmAM Ave che. Ama jJAna joke utpanna thatAMnI sAthe ja svayaM prakAzamAna nathI-svayaM jJAta nathI to paNa pachInI kSaNe tenuM mana dvArA pratyakSa thaI zake che. bhale bAhyArthanuM jJAna pratyakSarUpa hoya, anumitirUpa hoya, upamitirUpa hoya ke zAbdarUpa hoya paNa te jJAnanuM jJAna to anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSathI ja thaI zake. are, smRti vagere jJAnonuM jJAna paNa anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSathI ja thaI zake. koI paNa prakAranuM jJAna kema na hoya te pote potAne jANatuM ja nathI; tenuM jJAna to tenI avyavahita uttara kSaNe, jJAtA icche to, anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSathI thAya che. bAhyArthanuM jJAna (pramAjJAna) thavA mATe te jJAnanuM jJAna jarUrI nathI. bAhyArthazAna pote ajJAta rahIne ja potAnA viSayanuM jJAna karAve che. bAhyarthanuM jJAna jyAre thAya che tyAre te jJAnanuM jJAna thatuM ja nathI. je potAne na jANe te bIjAne kevI rIte jANI zake? A prazna

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 143 ja khoTo che. jJAnano svabhAva viSayane ja jANavAno che, potAne jANavAno che ja nahi.' mAnasa pratyakSa jyAre pUrvavartI jJAnane jANe che tyAre te pUrvavartI jJAna teno viSaya che; mAnasa pratyakSa pote potAne jANatuM nathI. mAnasa pratyakSarUpa anubhava (anuvyavasAya)no ya anubhava uttarakAlIna mAnasa pratyakSathI saMbhave che. anuvyavasAyano anuvyavasAya mAnatAM naiyAyikone koI bAdhA AvatI nathI. anuvyavasAyanA anuvyavasAyanI dhArA pramAtA jyAM sudhI icche tyAM sudhI, pramAtA jyAM sudhI thAke nahi tyAM sudhI ke anya viSayanuM jJAna utpanna na thAya tyAM sudhI cAlI zake. bauddha dharmakIrti ane jene akalaMka baMne niyAyikanA A viziSTa matanuM khaMDana kare che. teo jaNAve che ke jo jJAna svasaMvedI na hoya paNa potAnA jJAna mATe bIjA jJAna upara AdhAra rAkhatuM hoya to AnatyadoSa Ave. bhAdR mata paNa AnanyadoSathI dUSita che. akalake tenuM paNa khaMDana karyuM che.para sAMkhya mate paNa jJAna saMvedI nathI. ApaNe agAu noMdhyuM che ke sAMkhyamatamAM cittavRtti ja jJAna che. cittavRtti pote potAne jANatI nathI ke eka cittavRtti bIjI cittavRttine jANatI nathI. cittavRttinA jJAnane darzana kahevAmAM Ave che. jJAnanuM jJAna darzana che, jJAnanuM jJAna arthAt darzana puruSa ja kare che. puruSa ja daSTA che. cittano viSayAkAra pariNAma (= cittavRtti) jJAna che. ane A cittavRttine puruSa pratibiMbarUpe dhAraNa karavI e darzane che. sAMkhya-yoga anusAra cittavRttio puruSane sadA jJAta(daSTa) ja hoya che. koI paNa cittavRtti kyAreya puruSane ajJAta (adaSTa) rahetI nathI. Ano artha e ke jJAna kyAreya puruSathI ajJAta rahetuM nathI. utpanna thatAM ja jJAna jJAta thaI jAya che. jJAna svasaMvedya nathI paNa puruSasaMvedya che. puruSanA darzanano viSaya jJAna (cittavRtti) ja che. ane citavRttino viSaya bAhyavastu (ane puruSa paNa) che. sAMkhya, bhAdamImAMsaka ane nyAyavaizeSika sivAyanA badhA dArzaniko "ekamata che ke jJAnamAtra svapratyakSa che arthAt jJAna pratyakSa ho yA anumiti, zabda, smRti Adi rUpa ho chatAM paNa te svasvarUpanA viSayamAM sAkSAtkArarUpa ja che, tenuM anumititva, zAbdatva, smRtitva Adi anya grAhyanI apekSAe samajavuM joIe arthAt bhinna bhinna sAmagrIthI pratyakSa, anumeya, smartavya Adi vibhinna viSayomAM utpanna thanArAM pratyakSa, anumiti, smRti Adi jJAna paNa svasvarUpanA viSayamAM pratyakSa ja che.'50 jJAnagata prAmANya(yathArthatA) ke aprAmANya(ayathArthatA)nuM jJAna kevI rIte thAya che? bhAdR mImAMsakonA mate jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH jJAta thAya che (arthAt selfevident che);"tenuM aprAmANya tyAre ja jJAta thAya che jyAre bIjA koI vadhu baLavAna yathArtha jJAnathI te bAdhita thAya che, arthAt tenuM aprAmANya parataH jJAta thAya che. 59 niyAyika mate jJAnanuM prAmANya ke aprAmAya svataH jJAta thatuM nathI paraMtu jJAnajanya pravRttinI saphaLatA ke niSphaLatA uparathI anumita thAya che." upalabdha sAMkhya graMtho e - w

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144 'bhAratIya tatvajJAna bAbate koI nirdeza ApatA nathI ke sAMkhyo prastuta prazna paratve zuM valaNa apanAve che paraMtu tenA khaMDanakAronA vidhAno sUcave che ke sAMkhyo prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMnene svataH jJAta samaje che. dharmakIrti anusAra jJAna ja svataH jJAta thAya che jyAre tenuM prAmANya saphaLa pravRtti parathI anumita thAya che. tenA vRttikAra manoratha AnI samajUtImAM kahe che ke jo viSaya abhyasta hoya to prAmANya svataH jJAta thAya che paraMtu jo viSaya anabhyasta hoya (arthAt praNava vAra ja gRhIta thato hoya) to prAmANya saphaLa pravRtti parathI anumita thAya che. dharmakIrtinA pramANavArtikamAM ke tenA paranI vRttimAM ke nyAyabiMdumAM aprAmANya kevI rIte jJAta thAya che tenI vAta karavAmAM AvI nathI. zAntarakSita temanA tattvasaMgraha graMthamAM jaNAve che ke jo viSaya abhyasta hoya to jJAnanuM prAmANya ane aprAmANya bane svataH jJAta thAya che ja paraMtu jo viSaya anavyasta hoya to jJAnanuM prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne pravRttinI saphaLatA ke niSphaLatA uparathI anumita thAya che. bauddhadharmadarzananA Adhunika prakhara vidvAna zerakhAstrI ane prophesara esa.sI. ceTarajI evA bauddha matanI noMdha le che je zAntarakSite ApelA bauddha matathI sAva judo che. A mata anusAra jJAnanuM aprAmANya svataH jJAta thAya che jyAre tenuM prAmANya saphaLa pravRtti parathI anumita thAya che. A baMne vidvAno samakSa sarvadarzanasaMgraha jaNAya che jemAM A mata boddhonA nAme caDAvAyo che. kadAca A mata bauddha ciMtakonA eka vargano hoI zake. athavA, sarvadarzanakAre bauddha matane khoTI rIte rajU karyo hoya. jaina tArkika akaleke ardhapaMkti- pramANaM caMdAraddhi- jarA amathA pheraphAra sAthe pramANavArtikamAMthI uThAvI che. dharmakIrti sAthe akalaMka paNa mAne che ke jJAnanuM pramAya saphaLa pravRtti parathI anumita thAya che. dharmakIrtinI jema te paNa jJAnanuM aprAmANya kevI rIte jJAta thAya che e prazna bAbata kaMI ja jaNAvatA nathI. uttarakAlIna jaina tArkiko evo mata dharAve che ke viSaya abhyasta hoya to jJAnanuM prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne svataH jJAta thAya che jayAre viSaya anabhyasta hoya to jJAnanuM prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne pravRttinI saphaLatA ane niSphaLatA uparathI anumita thAya che.* Ama jaina mata zAMtarakSite nodhelA bauddha mata sAthe taddana ekarUpa che. pramANonI saMkhyA ApaNe joI gayA ke pramAnuM (yathArtha jJAnanuM) je sAdhakatama kAraNa che tene pramANa kahevAmAM Ave che. pAzcAtya tArkiko sAmAnyataH be ja pramANo mAne che-pratyakSa ane anumAna. paraMtu bhAratIya dArzanikomAM pramANanI saMkhyA paratve vividha mantavyo che. cArvAko eka ja pramANa mAne che. te che pratyakSa. bauddho ane vaizeSiko be ja pramANa svIkAre che-pratyakSa ane anumAna. sAMkhyo A bemAM trIjA pramANa zabdano umero kare che. niyAyiko A traNa uparAMta cothuM upamAna pramANa svIkAre che. prAbhAkara mImAMsako

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', jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 145 A cAra sAthe pAMcamuM arthapattipramANa svIkAre che. bhATTa mImAMsako ane vedAntIo A pAMca uparAMta chaThThuM abhAvapramANa (anupalabdhipramANa) mAne che. paurANiko A cha pramANomAM saMbhavapramANa (probability) ane aitihmapramANa (tradition) e be umere che.". maNimekhalAImAM kahyuM che ke vedavyAsa, mRtakoTi ane jaimini anusAra kula dasa pramANo che. ahIM ApaNane be navAM pramANonAM nAma maLe che-svAbhAvapramANa ane parizeSapramANa. A graMthakAroe svIkArelAM be navAM pramANo e bIjAoe svIkArelA be anumAnaprakAro che-svabhAvAnumAna ane roSavat anumAna. zerakhAvskI nodhe che ke carakanA anuyAyIo pramANasaMkhyA agIAra sudhI vadhAre che. jaina tArkiko e ja pramANo svIkAre che-pratyakSa ane parokSa. 3 ka .. pramANonI saMkhyAnuM niyAmaka * ahIM e prazna svAbhAvikapaNe upasthita thAya che ke pramANonI bhinna bhinna saMkhyAnA niyAmaka bhinna bhinna niyamo kyA che ? bIjA zabdomAM, amuka darzana pramANonI amuka ja saMkhyA mAnavA mATe zuM kAraNa Ape che. digvAga, dharmakIrti ane temanA anuyAyI bauddha tArkiko kahe che ke jeTalA prameyonA prakAro che teTalA ja pramANonA prakAro che. bauddha mate prameyo be ja prakAranAM che - sajAtIyavijAtIyavyAvRtta viroSa (svalakSaNa) ane ataThyAvRttirUpa sAmAnya (sAmAnyalakSaNa). svalakSaNagrAhI pratyakSa che. jyAre sAmAnyalakSaNagrAhI anumAna che. mImAMsako prameyaprakArabheda uparAMta kAraNasAmagrIprakArabhedane paNa pramANasaMkhyAnuM niyAmaka kAraNa gaNe che.naiyAyiko premayaprakArabheda ane . kAraNasAmagrIprakArabheda uparAMta phaLaprakArabhedane paNa pramANaprakArabheThanuM kAraNa mAne che. jaina tArkiko jaNAve che ke pramAAnaprakArabheda (arthAt phaLaprakArabheda) ja pramANaprakArabheThanuM niyAmaka kAraNa che. pramAjJAnane be svabhAvomAMthI koI eka svabhAva hoya che-vaizaghasvabhAva yA vaizaghasvabhAva. tethI pramAjJAnanA sAdhakatama kAraNarUpa pramANo paNa be ja che-pratyakSa ane parokSa. pratyakSapramArUpa jJAna vizada che ane tenuM janaka pramANa pratyakSapramANa che, jyAre parokSapramArUpa jJAna avizada che ane tenuM janaka pramANa parokSapramANa che." pramANAntarbhAva jeo bIjAoe svIkArelAM pramANo karatAM ochAM pramANo svIkAre che teone e praznono javAba Apavo paDe che-(1) zuM teoe na svIkArelAM pramANo pramANo ja nathI ? (2) jo teo pramANa hovA chatAM svataMtra pramANo na hoya to temano antarbhAva teo svIkRta kyA pramANamAM kare che ? cArvAkone mate pratyakSa eka ja pramANa che, bIjAoe svIkArelAM anya pramANo pramANo ja nathI. bauddho zabdapramANano samAveza anumAnapramANamAM kare che. upamAnane teo smRtirUpa ja mAne che ane smRti temane mate apramANa hoI upamAnane teo pramANa ja mAnatA nathI.8 uparAMta, arthA5ttine ane

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146 bhAratIya tatvajJAna anupalabdhine paNa teo anumAnarUpa ja gaNe che. vaizeSiko paNa be ja svataMtra pramANo mAne che-pratyakSa ane anumAna. teo upamAna, arthapatti, zabda ane anupalabdhine anumAnanA ja bheda gaNe che. sAMkhyayoga ciMtako traNa ja pramANo mAne che-pratyakSa, anumAna ane zabda. teo upamAnano yathAsaMbhava pratyakSa ke zabda pramANamAM antarbhAva kare che, tema ja arthapattino anumAnamAM "antarbhAva kare che. anupalabdhine teo pratyakSapramANarUpa ja mAne che. anaiyAyiko cAra ja pramANo svIkAre che-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAne ane zabda. temanA mate arthapattino samAveza anumAnamAM thAya che ane anupalabdhino samAveza pratyakSamAM thAya che. prabhAkara mImAMsako paNa anupalabdhine pratyakSano ja bheda gaNe che. jena tArkika anumAna ane zabdane parokSapramANanA bheda gaNe che. vaLI, teo parokSapramANanA eka bheda pratyabhijJAmAM upamAnano antarbhAva kare che. " tevI ja rIte temane mane smRti ane tarka paNa parokSapramANanA bhedo che. anupalabdhi ane arthapatti baMnene teo anumAnamAM ja samAviSTa kare che. pramANasaMplava-pramANavyavasthA ekathI vadhu pramANo mAnanAra badhA ja dArzaniko samakSa eka prazna upasthita thAya chezuM ekanA eka viSayamAM ekathI vadhu pramANo pravRtta thaI zake? arthAt pramANono eka samAna viSaya hoI zake? ke dareka pramANane potAno niyata viSaya ja hoya? ekaja viSayamAM aneka pramANonuM pravRtta thavuM te pramANasaMplava kahevAya che. eka ja viSayamAM aneka pramANonuM pravRtta na thavuM paraMtu potAnA niyata viSayamAM ja te te pramANanuM pravRtta thavuM tene pramANavyavasthA (pramANaviplava) kahevAmAM Ave che. bauddha tArkiko kSaNikavAdI hoI ane tethI sthAyI dravyane asat gaNatA hoI, temanA matamAM be pratyakSonuM paNa eka viSayamAM pravRtta thavuM saMbhavatuM nathI. eka ja viSayane grahaNa karanAra pratyakSonI dhArArUpa dhArAvAhI pratyakSa paNa temanA manamAM asaMbhava che. Ama hoI, be taddana bhinna pramANonA-pratyakSa ane anumAnanA-eka ja viSayamAM pravRtta thavAno prazna ja upasthita thato nathI. vaLI, teono siddhAnta che ke pratyakSa ane anumAnane potAnA vyApAranA khAsa bhinna kSetro che kAraNa ke pratyakSa kevaLa vizeSane (svalakSaNane) ja grahaNa kare che jyAre anumAna kevaLa sAmAnyane ja grahaNa kare che. ane trIjA prakArano koI viSaya saMbhavato nathI ke je pratyakSa ane anumAna baMneno viSaya banI zake. tethI jenuM grahaNa pratyakSe karyuM hoya tenuM grahaNa anumAna karI zakatuM nathI ke jenuM grahaNa anumAne karyuM hoya tenuM grahaNa pratyakSa karI zakatuM nathI. niSkarSa e ke bauddha . matamAM eka ja viSayamAM bhinna bhinna pramANonuM pravRtta thavuM asaMbhava che. " - AnI sAme jeokSaNikavAdanuM khaMDana kare che ane sthAyIdravyano svIkAra kare che teo badhA eka ja viSayanuM jJAna karavAmAM aneka pramANonI pravRttino svIkAra kare che. niyAyiko pramANasaMplava ane pramANaviplava baMnene svIkAre che. temanA mate keTalAka viSayo evA che .

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 147 jemanAmAM badhAM ja pramANe pravRtta thaI zake che, jyAre keTalAka viSayo evA che jemanAmAM eka eka niyata pramANa ja pravRtta thaI zake che. prathama prakAranA viSayonAM udAharaNo AtmA ane agni che. 'tyAM agni che evA vizvAsu vyaktinA vacana (zabdapramANa) dvArA agninuM jJAna thAya che, dhUma joI anumAna dvArA paNa agninuM jJAna thAya che ane tyAM jaI AMkhathI dekhIne (cAkSuSapratyakSa dvArA) paNa agninuM jJAna thAya che. bIjA prakAranA viSayonAM udAharaNosvarga, vIjaLInA kaDAkAno-hetu, svahasta, vagere che. svarganuM jJAna zabdapramANathI ja thAya che. vIjaLIno kaDAko sAMbhaLatAM tenA hetunuM jJAna anumAnathI ja thAya che; jyAre vIjaLInA kaDAkAno avAja kAne pahoMce che tyAre vIjaLI hotI nathI. svahasta pratyakSano ja viSaya che. udyotakara paNa A siddhAntanuM samarthana kare che. te kahe che ke kevaLa AMkhaja rUpane jANe che, kevaLakAna ja zabda sAMbhaLe che, vagere vagere temachatAM badhIja indriyo sattA sAmAnya ane guNatvasAmAnyane jANe che. vaLI, te jaNAve che ke kevaLacakSu rUpane ja grahaNa kare che ane kevaLacAmaDI sparzane ja grahaNa kare che tema chatAM baMne pRthvI Adi sthULa dravyone grahaNa kare che. 5 ahIM koI zaMkA uThAve che ke eka ja viSayane eka karatAM vadhu pramANo grahaNa karI zake che ema mAnIe to eka karatAM vadhu pramANo mAnavAM ja vyartha che. eka pramANe grahaNa karelA viSayane ja bIjuM pramANa grahaNa karatuM hoya to te bIjA pramANano upayoga zo?96 AnA uttaramAM udyotakara jaNAve che ke jyAre eka pramANe grahaNa karelA viSayane bIjuM pramANa grahaNa kare che tyAre te te ja viSayane grahaNa karatuM hovA chatAM te tenuM viziSTa rIte grahaNa kare che. pratyakSa je viSayane indriyasambaddha jANe che te ja viSayane anumAna indriyAsabuddha jANe che. vadhumAM te jaNAve che ke naiyAyiko kevaLa saMplava mAnatA nathI arthAt badhAM ja pramANo badhA ja viSayomAM pravRtta thaI zake che evuM svIkAratA nathI. temane mate keTalAka viSayo evA che je amuka ja pramANathI gRhIta thaI zake che, bIjA pramANathI nahi. "tethI ekathI vadhu pramANo mAnavAM jarUrI che. mImAMsako pramANane agRhItagrAhI mAne che. tethI teo pramANasaMplava mAnatA nathI. jo ke temaNe eka ja dharmImAM ekathI vadhu pramANonI pravRtti mAnI che tema chatAM temaNe pramANasaMplava mAnyo nathI, tenuM kAraNa che dharmanI viSaya tarIke mukhyatA. jeno pramANasaMplava ane pramANaviplava baMneno svIkAra kare che. jenA mate vastu dravyaparyAyAtmaka che. dravya dhruva che, sthira che. tenA paryAyo, AkAro, parivartano pratikSaNa badalAyA kare che. ane dravya tathA AkAra vacce bheThAbhedano saMbaMdha che. jeno paryAyadaSTie kSaNikavAda svIkAre che. A daSTie koI paNa pramANa gRhItagrAhI nathI. Ama paryAyadaSTie pramANaviplava svataH siddha che. paraMtu jaino ekAntavAdI nathI, teo paryAyadaSTinI jema ja dravyadaSTine paNa sarakhuM mahattva Ape che. tethI teo pramANasaMplavano paNa svIkAra kare che. divyadaSTie vastuo sthAyI che. tethI eka ja vastumAM aneka pramANonI pravRtti saMbhave che.*

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148 bhAratIya tatvajJAna anya keTalIka mahatvanI samasyAo indriyajanya phAnamAM indriyArthasannikarSathI zarU thaI nizcayAtmaka jJAna sudhInI bhUmikAo Ave che. temAM mukhyatve jJAnanI baeNbhUmikAo che. prathama bhUmikA e che ke jemAM pUrvAparAnusaMdhAna, smRti, vicAra(vikalpa, thought)no sparza paNa nathI. eTaluM ja nahi, tenAmAM zabdasaMsarganI yogyatA paNa nathI. Ane nirvikalpaka jJAna kahevAmAM Ave che. bIjI bhUmikA e che ke jemAM pUrvAparAnusaMdhAna, smRti ane vicArano praveza che. tethI te zabdasaMsRSTa che yA zabdasaMsarganI yogyatA dharAve che. Ane savikalpaka jJAna kahevAmAM Ave che. bauddha tArkiko nirvikalpaka jJAnane ja pratyakSapramA tarIke svIkAre che, savikalpaka jJAnane pratyakSapramA tarIke svIkAratA ja nathI. ethI UlaTuM jene tArkiko savikalpaka jJAnane ja pratyakSapramA tarIke svIkAre che, nirvikalpaka jJAnane pratyakSapramA tarIke svIkAratA nathI. bAkInA nyAyavaizeSika vagere darzanonI chevaTe sthira thayelI mAnyatA anusAra nirvikalpaka ane savikalpaka baMne jJAno pratyakSapramA che. A traNa vargoe potAnA matanA samarthanamAM ane anya pakSonA khaMDanamAM karelI dalIlo rasaprada che. vaLI, nirvikalpaka jJAnanI bAbatamAM prAmANya-aprAmANyano prazna UThI zake kharo? bIjA zabdomAM, nirvikalpaka jJAnamAM bhrAnti saMbhave ? A praznanI carcA paNa bhAratIya dArzanikoe karI che. ahIM e noMdhavuM rasaprada thaze ke kevaLa nirvikalpaka jJAnane ja pratyakSapramA tarIke svIkAranAra digrAge pote Apela pratyakSalakSaNamAM 'abhrAnta'padane sthAna ApyuM na hatuM, paraMtu uttarakALe bauddha tArkika dhamakIrtie tene pratyakSalakSaNamAM dAkhala karyuM ane pratyakSabrAntionAM dRSTAnto paNa ApyAM. bhAratIya tArkikoe anumAnavicAraNAmAM vyAtigrahaNanI samasyAno vistArathI vicAra karyo che. keTalAMka sthAne ane keTalAka kALe amuka vastunuM amuka vastu sAthenuM sAhacarya joI sarva sthaLe ane sarva kALe te vastunuM te vastu sAthe niyata sAhacarya che evuM jJAna ApaNane kevI rIte thAya che ? vyAtigrahaNanI samasyA e ja Agamana(induction)nI samasyA che. A samasyAnI carcA dareka bhAratIya darzanamAM UMDANathI thayelI che. 11 zabdanI bAbatamAM aneka samasyAono vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che-zabda nitya che ke anitya, zabdano artha zuM che, sAmAnya satu che ke asatu, zabda ane arthano saMbaMdha nitya (svAbhAvika che ke satakRta, zabdanA akSaro (dhvanio) kSaNika hoI AkhA zabdanuM jJAna kevI rIte thAya che, vAkya sAmAnyataH aneka padonuM baneluM hoI vAkyagata pado vAkyarthanuM jJAna karAve che ke te padonA artho vAkyarthanuM jJAna karAve che, ItyAdi. kumArilano mata che ke padanA artho vASArthanuM jJAna karAve che. naiyAyiko kahe che ke pado ja vAkyarthanuM jJAna karAve che kAraNa ke padomAM abhidhAzakti uparAMta tAtparyazakti paNa che. vAkya ane vAkyartha vacce zo saMbaMdha che e bAbate prabhAkara jaNAve che ke abhidhAtu-abhidheya (denoter-denoted) saMbaMdha AkhA vAkya ane vAkyartha vacce che. A avitAbhidhAnavAdanuM svArasya che. WWW.jainelibrary.org

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 149 vAkyabAhya padano koI artha nathI. eTale evA pada ane tenA artha vacce abhidhAtuabhidheyasaMbaMdha nathI. kumArikanA mate pada ane tenA artha vacce abhidhAtu-abhidheya saMbaMdha cha, nyAre vayAta honA arthono manvaya (combining) 72vAya. pAdhyArtha prApta thAya che. A che abhihitAnvayavAda. naiyAyika anusAra vAkyagata pado prathama abhidhAtrIzakti dvArA potAnA arthonuM jJAna karAve che ane pachI pado ja tAtparyazakti dvArA vAkyArthanuM jJAna karAve che. vaLI, Aptavacanane zabdapramANa gaNavAmAM AvatuM hoI Ata kone gaNavA e praznanI paNa carcA badhA bhAratIya tArkikoe karI che. bauddho ane vaizeSiko zabdapramANane anumAnathI svataMtra pramANa gaNatA kema nathI tenI vistRta rasaprada carcA temaNe karI che. temanI viruddha bIjA dArzanikoe tene svataMtra pramANa tarIke sthApavA samadIdo. mAcI.cha.102 TippaNa * 'prbhaae|' 206 prabhA bhane prabhA 298 ( = prabhAnu, sAitama 29.) ne arthamA prayojAya che. ahIM te pramAnA arthamAM ja prayojAyo che. 1. aduSTaM vidyA / vaizeSikasUtra 9.2.12 2. upalabdhisAdhanAni pramANAni / nyAyabhASya 1.3 3. tathAhi pramANamarthavaditi nityayoge matup / nityatA ca avybhicaaritaa| tena avyabhicArI tyarthaH / iyameva cArthAvyabhicAritA dezakAlAntarAvasthAntarAvisaMvAdo'rthasvarUpa prakArayostadupadarzitayoH / nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA (kAzI saMskRta sirijha) pR.5 4. upalabdhimAtrasyArthAvyabhicAriNaH...pramANazabdenAbhidhAnAt / nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA pR0 21 5. pramANato'rthapratipattau pravRttisAmarthyAd arthavat pramANam / nyAyabhASya pR0 1 5. anubhUtizca naH pramANam / 7. sarvasyAnupalabdhe'rthe praamaannym...| zlokavArtika (madrAsa yuni. saMskaraNa) pR0 185 ____ anadhigatArthAdhigantR pramANamiti bhATTamImAMsakAH prAhuH / siddhAntacandrodaya pR0 20 8. na ca sarvAtmanA vaiphalyaM, heye ahikaNTakavRkamakaraviSadharAdau viSaye punaH punarupalabhyamAne manassantApAt satvaraM tadapahAnAya pravRttiH, upAdeye'pi candanaghanasArahAramahilAdau paridRzyamAne prItyatizayaH svasaMvedya eva bhavati / nyAyamaJjarI (kAzI saMskRta sirijha) bhAga 1 pR020 8. yadapi pramANavizeSamanadhigatArthagrAhitvamabhidhIyate paraiH tadapi na sAmpratam, pramANasya gRhItataditaraviSayapravRttasya prAmANye vizeSAbhAvAt / nyAyamaJjarI bhAga 1 pR0 20 10. etacca vizeSaNatrayamupAdadAnena sUtrakAreNa kAraNadoSabAdhakajJAnarahitamagRhItagrAhi jJAnaM pramANamiti pramANalakSaNaM sUcitam / zAstradIpikA (nirNayasAgara), pR0 45

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150 bhAratIya tatvajJAna 1.1.. pramANamavisaMvAdi jnyaanmrthkriyaasthitiH| avisaMvAdanam... // pramANavArtika 1.3 1.2. kintu kSaNApekSayA na pramANalakSaNamucyate api tu santAnApekSayA / nyAyabinduTippaNI, pR0 11 13. prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa... / pramANavArtika 1.7 sAMvyavahArikasyedaM pramANasya lakSaNam / manorathavRtti 1.7 1.4. ajJAtArthaprakAzo vA... / pramANavArtika 1.7 15. prAptaM sAmAnyavijJAnaM (pramANamiti zeSaH) / pramANavArtika 1.8 / sAntargata manorathavRtti che. 11. ...avijJAte svalakSaNe / yajjJAnamityabhiprAyAt / / pramANavArtika 1.8 17. svalakSaNavicArataH... // pramANavArtika 1.8 arthakriyArthibhiH svalakSaNameva pramANena anviSyate tasyaiva arthakriyAsAdhanatvAt / manorathavRtti 1.8 18. pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnam... / nyAyAvatAra 1 16. tadubhayAtmArthajJAnaM pramANam / akalaGkagranthatraya (=akatraya), siMghI jaina sirijha, kramAMka 12, pR0 17 20. avisaMvAdakaM pramANam... / akatraya pR0 4 21. pramANAntarAbAdhanaM pUrvAparAvirodhazca avisNvaadH| akatraya pR0 14 22. timirAdyupaplavajJAnaM candrAdAvavisaMvAdakaM pramANaM tathA tatsaGkhyAdau visaMvAdakatvAda pramANam... / akatraya pR08 23. vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnamAtmArthagrAhakaM matam / : grahaNaM nirNayastena mukhyaM prAmANyamaznute // akatraya pR0 20 24. avisaMvAdakatvaM ca nirNayAyattam / akatraya pR0 20 tato vyavasAya evAvisaMvAdaniyamo'dhigamazca nizcetavyaH tatraiva tadbhAvAt tadvazAdeva tatpratiSThAnAt / siddhivinizcayavRtti pR0 114 25. pramANamavisaMvAdi jJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / aSTazatI (nirNayasAgara) pR0 175 21. anadhigatArthAdhigantR vijJAnaM pramANamityapi kevalamanirNItArthanirNItirabhidhIyate... / siddhivinizcayavRtti pR0 13 27. siddhivinizcayavRtti, pR0 175 ... 28. mo. 859 // 22 yenAkAreNa tattvaparicchedastadapekSayA prAmANyamiti / tena pratyakSatadAbhAsayorapi prAyazaH saGkIrNaprAmANye tarasthitirunetavyA, prasiddhAnupahatendriyadRSTerapi candrArkAdiSu

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jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo dezapratyAsattyAdyabhUtAkArAvabhAsanAt, tathopahatAkSAderapi saGkhyAdivisaMvAde'pi candrAdisvabhAvatattvopalambhAt / tatprakarSApekSayA vyapadezavyavasthA gandhadravyAdivat / aSTazatI pR0 276 27. anekAnto'pyanekAntaH... / svayaMbhUstotra 103 30. taccAsaMdigdhAviparItAnadhigataviSayA cittavRttiH / sAMkhyatattvakaumudI 4 31. upalabdhisAdhanAni pramANAni / nyAyabhASya 1.1.3 T "arthopalabdhihetuH pramANam" iti naiyAyikAH / prAmANamImAMsAsvopajJavRtti 1.8 32. .. bodhAbodhasvabhAvA sAmagrI pramANam / nyAyamaJjarI bhAga 1 pR0 21 33. yat tu kimapekSaM sAmagracAH karaNatvamiti tadantargatakArakApekSamiti brUmaH / nyAyamaJjarI bhAga 1 pR0 13 34. nyAyamaMnarI (jaMgAjI) 50 115 35. yadvendriyaM pramANaM syAt tasya vArthena saGgatiH / manaso vendriyairyoga AtmanA sarva eva vA // zlokavArtika 39. yadA sannikarSastadA jJAnaM pramitiH, yadA jJAnaM tadA hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhayaH phalam / nyAyabhASya 1.1.3 37. ...dhIpramANatA / pravRttestatpradhAnatvAt heyopAdeyavastuni // pramAvArtika 1.5 kasmAt punardhiyaH pramANateSyate, nendriyAdeH ? heyopAdeyavastuviSayAyAH pravRttestatpradhAnatvAt dhiya eva prAmANyam / na hIndriyamastItyeva pravRttiH / kiM tarhi ? jJAnasadbhAvAt / sAdhakatamaM ca pramANam, tasyAvyavahitavyApAratvAt / manorathavRtti 1.5 jJAnaM pramANaM nAjJAnamindriyArthasannikarSAdi / manorathavRtti 1.3 38. arthasArUpyamasya pramANam / tadvazAdarthapratItisiddheriti / nyAyabindu 1.20 - 21 37. ekasya vastunaH kiJcidrUpaM pramANaM kiJcit pramANaphalaM na virudhyate / vyavasthApanaheturhi sArUpyaM tasya jJAnasya / vyavasthApyaM ca nIlasaMvedanarUpam / nyAyabindu- dharmottaraTIkA 1.21 40 iti sA yogyatA mAnam... phalaM svavit / pramANavArtika 2.366 41. sannikarSAderajJAnasya pramANyamanupapannam. | akatraya, pR0 1 / hitAhitAptinirmuktikSamam... / akatraya, pR0 29 42. tadA hi karaNasya kriyAyAzca kathaJcit ekatvaM pradIpatamovigamavat, nAnAtvaM parazvAdivat / aSTazatI, pR0 284 43. pUrvapUrvapramANatvaM phalaM syAduttarottaram / akatraya, pR0 3 44. kartRsthA pramANam / pramANamImAMsA 1.1.36 kartRvyApAramullikhan bodhaH pramANam / svopajJavRtti 1.1.36 45. karmonmukho jJAnavyApAraH phalam / pramANamImAMsAsvopajJavRtti 1.1.35 151

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152 bhAratIya tattvajJAna 45. ekajJAnagatatvena pramANaphalayorabhedo, vyavasthApyavyavasthApakabhAvAttu bheda iti bhedAbhedarUpaH... / pramANamImAMsAsvopajJavRtti 1.1.37 47. sarvacittacaittAnAmAtmavedanaM svavedanam / nyAyabindu 1.11 48. sarvavijJAnahetUtthA mitau mAtari ca pramA / sAkSAtkartRtvasAmAnyAt pratyakSatvena sammatA // prakaraNapaJcikA (caukhambA saM. si. ) pR0 56 49. zAstradIpikA (kAzI vi0 saM0 1964), pR0 202 50. tasmAt jJAnAntarasaMvedyaM saMvedanaM vedyatvAt ghaTAdivat / vyomavatI (caukhambA saM. si. ) pR0 529 57 manogrAhyaM sukhaM duHkhamicchA dveSo matiH kRtiH / kArikAvalI, 51. kathaM punarviSayagrahaNakAle tatpratibhAsasyApratibhAsa: ? naiva yugapadAkAradvitayaM pratibhAsate, idaM jJAnamayaM cArthaH iti bhedAnupagrahAt / ekazcAyamAkAraH pratibhAsyamAnaH grAhyasyaiva bhavitumarhati na grAhakasyeti ... / [ apratyakSopalambhasyaivArthadRSTiH prasiddhyati] pratyakSopalambhasya tu nArthadRSTiH / nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga 1, pR0 29 52. akatraya, pR0 32; pramANavArtika 2.437-441 43. akatraya, pR0 32 54. vRttisArUpyamitaratra / yogasUtra 1.4 / ... sA ca vRttirarthoparaktA pratibimbarUpeNa puruSArUDhA bhaaste...| yogavArtika 1.4 55. sadA jJAtAzcittavRttayastatprabhoH puruSasya... / yogasUtra 4. 18 49. draSTRdRzyoparaktaM cittaM sarvArtham / yogasUtra 4. 23 57. pramANamImAMsA, saM. paM0 sukhalAlajI, bhASATippaNa pR0 131 58. svataH sarvapramANAnAM prAmANyamiti gRhyatAm / zlokavArtika pR0 48 58. doSatazcApramANatve svataH prAmANyavAdinAm / zlokavArtika pR0 49 50. ' pramANato'rthapratipattau pravRttisAmarthyAdarthavat pramANam' iti tasmAdaprAmANyamapi parokSamityato dvayamapi parata ityeSa eva pakSaH zreyAn / nyAyamaJjarI bhAga 1 pR0 160 11. pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAGkhyAH samAzritAH / sarvadarzanasaGgraha pR. 279 52. .. svarUpaMsya svato gatiH / prAmANyaM vyavahAreNa... | pramANavArtika 1.6-7 53. yadi svarUpamAtraM svato gamyate na prAmANyaM kathaM tarhi tadavagamyamiti Aha - 'prAmANyaM 1 vyavahAreNa' arthakriyAjJAnena / yasya sAdhanajJAnasya tAdAtmyAt anubhUte'pi prAmANye sAzaGkA vyavahartAro'nabhyAsavazAt anutpannAnurUpanizcayAstatra arthakriyAjJAnena prAmANyanizcayaH, anyatra tu vibhramazaGkAsaGkocAt utpattAveva svarUpasya prAmANyasya svato `gatirityuktam / manorathavRtti 1.7 14. tattvasaGgaha kA0 3123 ( paJjikA sahita) 55. Buddhist Logic, Vol. I, p.66

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153 jJAnaviSayaka samasyAo 16. The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge, 1950, p. 91. 17. pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAGkhyAH smaashritaaH| naiyAyikAste parataH saugatAzcaramaM svataH / / sarvadarzanasaGgraha pR0 279 18. akatraya, pR0 14 / 16. tadubhayam...jJaptau tu svataH paratazceti / pramANanayatattvAloka, 1.21 70. pratyakSamekaM cArvAkAH kaNAdasugatau punaH / anumAnaM ca taM cApi sAGkhyAH zabdaM ca te ubhe // nyAyaikadezino'pyevamupamAnaM ca kevalam / arthApattyA sahaitAni catvAryAhuH prAbhAkarAH / / abhAvaSaSThAnyetAni bhATTA vedaantinstthaa| saMbhavaitihyayuktAni iti paurANikA jaguH / / vedAntakArikA 71. dumo lAratIya tattvavidhA (paM. subhA), pR0 26 72. Buddhist Logic, Vol I, p. 72 73. pramANaM dvidhA / pratyakSa parokSaM ca / pramANamImAMsA 1.9-10 74. mAnaM dvividha viSayadvaividhyAt / pramANavArtika 2.1 75. tasmAdananumAnatvaM zabde pratyakSavat bhvet| trairUpyarahitatvena tAdRgviSayavarjanAt / / zlokavArtika, pR0 370 71. athavA satyapi viSayadvaividhye sAmagrIbhedAt phalabhedAcca pramANabhedo bhavan kathamapA kriyate / nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga 1, pR0 30 77. yadekalakSaNalakSitaM tad vyaktibhede'pi ekameva yathA vaizabaikalakSaNalakSitaM cakSurAdipratyakSam, avaizadyalakSaNalakSitaM zabdAdi iti / cakSurAdisAmagrIbhede'pi hi tajjJAnAnAM vaizabaikalakSaNalakSitatvenaivAbhedaH prasiddhaH pratyakSarUpatA'natikramAt, tadvat zabdAdisAmagrIbhede'pi avaizabaikalakSaNalakSitatvena eva abhedaH zabdAdInAM parokSarUpatvAvizeSAt / prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 192 78. tattvasaGgraha; 1648-1649 . 79. arthApattiriyaM tasmAdanumAnAnna bhidyte| tattvasaGgraha, 1647 80. tattvasaGgraha, 1648-1649 81. padArthadharmasaGgraha pR0 512-556 (kandalIsahita) 82-84. sAGkhyatattvakaumudI, kArikA 5 85. nyAyamaJjarI, bhAga 1, pR0 36 86. abhAvapratyakSasyAnubhavikatvAdanupalambho'pi na pramANAntaram / nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI, kArikA 144 87. prakaraNapaJcikA (caukhambA saM. si. No 17) 118-124 . The Six Ways of Knowing (D. M. Dutt), p. 164

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154 88. akatraya, pR0 7-8 88. nyAyavinizcaya, bhAga 2, saM. mahendrakumAra jaina, prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prastAvanA pR0 11-12 80. mezana, prastAvanA pR0 13 bhAratIya tattvajJAna - 91. ejana, prastAvanA pR0 18-19 72. arthApattiH. anumAnameva, pramANAntarAvagatasAdhyasambandhAd hetorupajAyamAnatvAt... / nyAyakumudacandra bhAga 2, mANikacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA, pR0 513 83. vijAnAti na vijJAnamekamarthadvayaM yathA / kamarthaM vijAnAti na vijJAnadvayaM tathA // sarvArthasiddhi bhAM. uddhRta 1.12 74. kiM punaH pramANAni prameyamabhisamplavante atha pramayaM vyavatiSThante iti ? ubhayathA darzanam - ... agnirAptopadezAt pratIyate 'atrA'miH' iti, pratyAsIdatA dhUmadarzanenAnumIyate, pratyAsannena ca pratyakSata upalabhyate / vyavasthA punaH - 'agnihotraM juhuyAt svargakAmaH' iti laukikasya na liGgadarzanaM na pratyakSam / stanayitnuzabde zrUyamANe zabdahetoranumAnam, tatra na pratyakSaM nAgamaH / pANau pratyakSata upalabhyamAne nAnumAnaM nAgama iti / nyAyabhASya, 1.1.3 85. indriyaM khalu arthaprakAzakatvAt pramANaM tasya vyavasthA saGkarazca, vyavasthA gandhAdiSu, saGkaraH pRthivyAdiSu dvIndriyagrAhyatvAt / sattAyAM guNatve ca sArvendriyaM jJAnamiti / nyAyavArtika, pR05 71. syAnmataM yadi saGkIryeran pramANAni nanvekena pramANenAdhigate'rthe dvitIyaM pramANaM vyarthamApadyate / adhigataM cArthamadhigamayatA pramANena piSTaM piSTaM syAt / nyAyavArtika, pR0 2 77. na, anyathAdhigateH / na brUmo yathA pratyakSeNa artho'dhigamyate tathA'numAnAdibhirapi iti / anyathA / pratyakSeNendriyasamabaddhaH, indriyAsambaddho'numAnena / nyAyavArtika, pR0 5 78. viSayAntare vyavasthAdarzanAcca / nyAyavArtika, pR0 5 78. nyAyAvatAravArtikavRtti, saM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, TippaNa pR0 215 100. Akalanka's Criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy, Nagin J. Shah, 1967, pp. 200-247. nyAya-vaizeSiGa, nagIna . zAha, 1874, 5. 412-473 101. Akalarika's Criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy,' pp. 255-266. nyAya-vaizeSika, nagIna . zAha, 50 510 -514 102. A Study of Jayanta Bhatta's Nyayamanjari, a Mature Sanskrit Work on Indian Logic. Nagin J. Shah, Pt. II pp. 102109, 145-164, Pt. III. 34-65, 74--89. Akalanka's Criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy, pp. 284-299.

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jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ke parataH ?. 1. jJAnanA prAmANyanI kasoTI paratve mImAMsako ane bAkInA badhA bhAratIya tArkiko vacceno matabheda ApaNuM khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. amuka kAraNosara mImAMsakone badhAM ja jJAno pramANa (yathArtha) che ema mAnavAnuM yogya lAgyuM. prAbhAkaroe to koI paNa khacakATa vinA jAhera karI dIdhuM ane sAthe sAthe puravAra karavA prayatna karyo ke apramANa jJAna asaMbhava che. bhAddo kaMIka daraje A vAtane thoDI haLavI karI puravAra karavA mathyA ke jyAM sudhI apramANa puravAra na thAya tyAM sudhI badhAM jJAno pramANa che. 2. badhAM ja jJAnone smRti ane smRtibhinna ema be vargomAM vaheMcavAnI bAbatamAM prAbhAkara nyAyavizeSika tArkikone anusare che. paraMtu nyAyavaizeSika tAkikothI judA paDI teo smRtibhinna jJAnono pramANa jJAno ane apramANa jJAnomAM peTAvibhAga karavAno inakAra karI de che ane pratipAdana kare che ke A badhAM ja smRtibhinna jJAno pramANa che. Ama prAbhAkaro anusAra pramANanI sIdhI sAdI vyAkhyA che: "smRtibhinna jJAna pramANa che.'ahIM svAbhAvikapaNe ja prazna uThe che ke prabhAkaro doDAmAM sApanuM jJAna jevAM dhyAna jJAnanAM udAharaNone kevI rIte samajAvaze? Ano prAmANika uttara e che ke teo A udAharaNone siphatathI samajAvI de che paNa temanI samajUtI jacatI nathI. teo kahe che ke kahevAtuM bhrAnta jJAna eka jJAna nathI paNa be jJAno che jemAMnuM eka smRtibhinna che (je avazyapaNe pramANa ja hoya) ane bIjuM smRtirUpa che. A be jJAnonA ane temanA viSayonA bhedanA agrahaNamAMthI bhrAnta jJAna janme che. Ama prAbhAkaronA mate doraDAmAM sApanI kahevAtI bhrAntimAM sauprathama ApaNane (avazyapaNe pramANa evuM 'A' - viSayaka jJAna tema ja pUrve anubhUta sApa vizenI smRti thAya che ane pachI te be jJAno vacceno ane temanA viSayo vacceno bheda (viveka) karavAmAM niSphaLa jatAM ApaNe kahevA lAgIe chIe ke "A sApa che." A samajUtI gaLe Utare evI nathI. 3. tethI jJAna svataH pramANa che e prAbhAkaronA vicAramAM thoDoka pheraphAra karI bhAko pratipAdana kare che ke badhAM ja jJAno pramANa che e sAcuM, paraMtu jyAM sudhI teo apramANa mA bhrAnta puravAra na thAya tyAM sudhI ja. Ama bhAddo ApaNane manAvavA mAMge che ke jyAM sudhI ApaNane puravAra karI dekhADavAmAM na Ave ke ApaNe doraDAne sApa samajI rahyA chIe tyAM sudhI doraDAmAM sApanuM ApaNane thayeluM jJAna pramANa ja rahe che. ane koI paNa jJAnane apramANa ApaNe be rIte ja puravAra karI zakIe - prastuta jJAnane prApta karavA upayogamAM lIdhelI indriya khAmI bharelI che e darzAvIne ke pachInA

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152 bhAratIya tattvajJAna jJAna vaDe prastuta jJAna bAdhita thayuM che e darzAvIne. udAharaNArtha, indriya AMkhane jhAMkhapa che, sthaLa apUratA ujAsavALuM che, vagere darzAvIne ke joyela padArthane ekAeka hAthamAM letAM karaDato nathI e darzAvIne doraDAmAM sApanuM jJAna bhrAnta che e puravAra karAya che. paraMtu ApaNe bhAdrone dhAradAra prazna pUchavo joIe : zuM doraDAmAM sApanuM ApaNane thatuM jJAna jyAM sudhI bhrAnta puravAra na thAya tyAM sudhI sAce ja pramANa che ke ApaNane pramANa lAge che? jo te sAce ja pramANa hoya to pachInI koI ghaTanA tene apramANa yA brAnDa banAvI na zake. ane jo te mAtra pramANa lAgatuM hoya to tene 'pramANa" kahevAno ke "haMgAmI pramANa" kahevAno koI artha nathI. A saMdarbhamAM haMgAmI pramANa kevaLa vAvyabhicAra che. 4. e sabhAgya che ke koI bhAratIya tArkika mImAMsakonI - kumArila jevAnI - tacAturIthI doravAyo nahi. vaLI, prabhAkarane vaLoTIne kumArila je cAla cAlyA te sAcI dizAmAM hatI. jo prayukta indriya doSavALI che e darzAvavAmAM Ave ke prastuta jJAna pachInA jJAnathI bAdha pAme che e darzAvavAmAM Ave to bhrAnta yA apramANa jJAna tevuM (arthAt brAna, apramANa) puravAra thAya che - A mata bhATTonA upara jaNAvelA matanuM jarAka parivartita rUpa che. bhAdrone bhaya hato ke pachInA pramANa jJAna vaDe bAdhita thavAno bhaya jene na hoya te ja jJAnane pramANa gaNavAmAM Ave to pramANa jJAnanI prApti asaMbhava banI jAya, kAraNa ke temaNe vicAryuM ke evI koI khAtarI na hoI zake ke pachI thanAruM jJAna vartamAnamAM thayela ApaNA koI paNa jJAnane bAdhita karaze nahi. tethI temane batAvI ApavuM joIe ke keTalAMka jJAno evAM che jemane bodhita thavAno bhaya nathI ja. TUMkamAM, temane ThasAvavuM joIe ke jAgatA sAmAnya mANasanI viSayane anulakSI thatI pravRtti ja te viSayanA jJAnanA pramANyanI aMtima kasoTI che. A ja vastu nyAyavaizeSika tArkikoe mImAMsakane tattvataH kahI che. nyAyavaizeSika tArkiko sarva jJAno svataH pramANa che e mImAMsaka matanI viruddha che. AthI jayaMta bhaTTa dalIla kare che : 'tame amane taiyAyikone pUcho cho ke saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanI mULa pahelA jJAnathI (amArA niyAyikonA mate je jJAnanA prAmANyanI parIkSA saphaLa pravRttinA jJAna dvArA karavAmAM AvI che te jJAnathI) zI vizeSatA che? ane tamArI mImAMsakonI dalIla che ke saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanA prAmANyanA nizcaya mATe bIjA jJAnanI apekSA mAnatAM to anavasthA thAya ja. amAro naiyAyikonAM * uttara che ke A tamArI mImAMsakonI vAta kevaLa asaMbaddha pralApa che kAraNa ke te sakaLa prANIonA anubhavanI sAkSIe cAlatA vyavahAranI virodhI che. enuM kAraNa e che ke saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanA prAmANyanI parIkSAnI AvazyaktA jarA paNa nathI.. athavA to ame maiyAyiko e paNa svIkArI laIe chIe ke saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnamAM vizeSatAnuM darzana thavAthI tenA prAmANyano nizcaya thAya che. mImAMsaka amane pUchaze ke A vaLI kaI vizeSatA che? amAro naiyAyikono javAba che ke jaLa vizenI saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnamAM je vizeSatA che te che zarIrazoca, Acamana, nimajjana, deva-pitRtarpaNa, vastraprakSAlana,

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jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ke parataH ? 157 zrama-tApaharaNa, jalakrIDA, vagere aneka prakAranAM jalakAryonI hAramALA. ATalAM badhAM kAryo jaLanA mithyAzAnathI pravRtta thayela vyakti karatI hoya e kadI dekhyuM nathI. tame mImAMsako kadAca kahezo ke svapnamAM paNa kAryonI A hAramALAnuM darzana thAya che. paraMtu enA uttaramAM ame taiyAyiko kahIe chIe ke svapnadazAthI bhinna ane spaSTa jAgrata avasthAno anubhava darekane che. "A huM chuM, jANuM , UMghato nathI A pramANe svapnathI bhinna jAgrata avasthAne jAgrata mAnasa dharAvatA badhA jano pratyakSa anubhave che; ane te vakhate (= jAgrata avasthAmAM) pANI vinA A kriyAo thatI dekhAtI nathI, eTale te vizeSatAnA darzanane kAraNe saphaLa pravRttinuM prAmANya sahelAIthI jaNAI jAya che." bauddha ciMtaka prajJAkagupta paNa kahe che: "amane bauddhone kadAca pUchavAmAM Avaze ke tamArA mate pahelAM thayeluM jJAna tenA pachI thanArA saphaLa pravRttinA jJAna vaDe pramANa puravAra thAya che, paraMtu saphaLa pravRttinuM A jJAna pote pramANa che e zenA vaDe nizcita thaze? jo kaho ke te jJAna potAnA prAmANyanA nizcaya mATe bIjA saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanI apekSA rAkhe che to anavasthA thaze. AnA uttaramAM ame boddho kahIe chIe ke Ama kahevuM barAbara nathI. tenuM kAraNa e ke jo uttaravartI saphaLa pravRtti pUrvavartI jJAnanuM prAmANya sthApita karatI hoya to te ja saphaLa pravRtti pelA pUrvavartI jJAna pachI thanArA paNa potAnA ja samakAlIna jJAnanuM (je jJAnano viSaya saphaLa pravRtti pote ja che tenuM) prAmANya zA mATe na sthApe? jo koI paNa jJAna tyAre ja pramANa puravAra thatuM hoya jyAre tenA uttaravartI jJAnano viSaya saphaLa pravRtti hoya, to A uttaravartI jJAna pote ja tyAM ane tyAre ja saphaLa pravRttinA anubhavarUpa hovAthI sutarAM pramANa hoya ja." 5. saphaLa pravRtti jJAnanA prAmAyanI aMtima kasoTI che e pakSa sauthI vadhu svAbhAvika che jene tArkiko svIkAre (ane mImAMsakoe paNa potAnI keTalIka pUrvagRhIta mAnyatAo ADe na AvatI hota to A pakSa ja svIkAryo hota). tethI emAM kaMI Azcarya pAmavA jevuM nathI ke nyAyavazeSika tArkiko ane bauddha tArkikonA paraspara virodhI evAM A be jUtho A pakSane parizramapUrvaka rahyuM che - jo ke keTalIka vAra evI chApa upasAvavAmAM AvI che ke A prazna paratve A be jUthoe svIkArelI mAnyatAo paraspara bhinna che. agAu nodhyuM tema, bhAratIya tArkikoe pramANanAM sAdhana ane svarUpa vizenI vicAraNA e vyakta ke avyakta dhAraNAne AdhAre zarU karI ke badhI saphaLa pravRtti kevaLa pramANamAMthI udbhave che, ane pachI to A dhAraNAmAMthI anivAryapaNe ApoApa phalita thatuM tArkika tathya e che ke jJAnanA prAmANyanI aMtima cokkasa kasoTI che saphaLa pravRtti. jJAtAne jJAta artha prApta karAvI ApavAmAM je jJAna niSphaLa jatuM nathI te pramANa che evuM pramANanuM lakSaNa jyAre bauddha tArkiko Ape che tyAre A ja tathyane teo pragaTa kare che. jo ke nyAyavaizeSikoe ghaNIvAra bauddhoe ApelA pramANanA lakSaNa sAme vAMdho uThAvyo che, chatAM teo paNa A ja tathyane pragaTa kare che jyAre teo

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158 bhAratIya tattvajJAna mImAMsakanA upara ThasAve che ke jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH nathI paNa pravRttine AdhAre tenI kasoTI karavI paDe che. ane nyAyavazeSika viruddha mImAMsakanA svataH prAmANya parataH prAmANyanA vivAda saMbaMdhamAM bauddha tArkika dekhItI rIte nirlepa rahe che. 6. Ama nyAyavaizeSika tArkika ane bauddha tArkiko anusAra je jJAna saphaLa pravRtti bhaNI laI jAya te pramANa puravAra thAya ane je jJAna saphaLa pravRtti bhaNI laI javAmAM niSphaLa jAya te apramANa puravAra thAya. ane A mata mImAMsako sAme takAyelo che jeo pratipAdana kare che ke jyAM sudhI jJAna apramANa puravAra na thAya tyAM sudhI pramANa ja che. saMskRtamAM kahevAnI rItano upayoga karI kahIe to bhAdra mImAMsako mAne che ke jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH che paNa enuM aprAmANya parataH che, jyAre nyAyavaizeSika tArkiko ane bauddha tArkiko prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMnene parataH mAne che. tethI ApaNe na chUTake e nirNaya upara AvavuM paDe che ke jyAre sarvadarzanasaMgrahakAra mAdhavAcArya e matalabano zloka Take che ke mImAMsaka anusAra prAmANya svataH che ane aprAmANya parata che, bauddha tArkika anusAra aprAmANya svataH che ane prAmANya parataH che, ane nyAyavaizeSika anusAra prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne parataH che tyAre teo (jyAM sudhI boddha tArkikane lAge vaLage che tyAM sudhI) apramANabhUta vacanane sAcuM mAnIne cAle che. hakIkatamAM, jenuM eka mAtra kAma pramANanAM svarUpa, kAraNo ane sAdhanonI vicAraNA karavAnuM che te tArkika mATe badhAM ja jJAno svataH apramANa che e mata svIkAravo zakya nathI. A mata kharekhara to marmIoe ane jagatamithyAvAdIoe pravartAvyo che ane bauddha paraMparAmAM paNa marmIo ane jagatamithyAvAdIo avazya hatA ja, paraMtu temane tarkazAstranuM pratinidhitva karanAra bauddha tArkiko na gaNI zakAya (jyAre mAdhavAcAryano saMdarbha mAdhavAcAryane bauddha tArkikano nirdeza karavAnuM dabANa kare che). e hakIkata che ke svataH prAmANya parataH prAmANyano vivAda moTe bhAge mImAMsA ane nyAyavaizeSika vartuLomAM sImita hato jethI bIjA tattvaciMtako temAM pakSakAra banavAnI potAnI pharaja che ema mAnatA na hatA, ane mAdhavAcAryanI zaratacUka mATe ke pote Takala vacanane sAcuM mAnI levAnI bhUla mATe kaMIka aMze A hakIkata javAbadAra che. (hakIkatamAM, varNavela paristhitine pariNAme mAdhavAcArye Takela vacana bauddha matanI kevaLa kalpanA kare che. sAMkhya anusAra prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne svataH che evA vidhAnathI A vAtane samarthana maLe che. sAMkhya upara caDhAvAyelo mata sAva azakya nahi to paNa vicitra che ane koI sAMkhya graMthamAM jovA maLato nathI.) alabatta, A praznane sparza karatA bauddha graMtho sAva ja nathI evuM nathI, ane te graMthomAMthI spaSTa thAya che ke nyAyazeSika tArkikonI jema ja bauddha tArkiko paNa svIkAre che ke jJAnanuM prAmANya ke aprAmANya te jJAna saphaLa pravRttimAM pariName che ke nahi tenA upara AdhAra rAkhe che.

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- jJAnanuM prAmANya svataHke parataH ? 159 che. paraMtu kumArila ahIM vAMdho uThAve che (jeno achaDato nirdeza ApaNe karI gayA chIe) : zuM saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanuM potAnuM prAmANya svataH che ke nahi? jo tenuM prAmANya svataH hoya to pachI badhAM jJAnonuM prAmANya svataH che e siddhAntane kema niSedho cho ? jo tenuM prAmANya svataH na hoya to anavasthAdoSa AvI paDaze; tenA prAmANya mATe bIjA para AdhAra rAkhavo paDaze ane ema cAlyA ja karaze. AnA uttaramAM nyAyavaizeSika tArkika ane bauddha tArkiko e matalabanuM kahe che ke saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH che. teno sIdho sAdo artha e che ke svAbhAvika avikRta jAgatA mANasanI viSayane anulakSI thatI pravRtti pachI tenA pariNAme thatA indriyAnubhavane AgaLa upara bAdhita thavAno koI ja bhaya nathI ane e kAraNe ja A viSaya vizenuM te mANasanuM jJAna pramANa che ke apramANa teno nizcaya A indriyAnubhava karaze. jo svAbhAvika avikRta jAgato mANasa viSayane sparze ane te dAjhe to A viSaya agni che evuM tene thayeluM jJAna samarthana pAme che ane bhaviSyamAM bAdhita thavAnI tenI ' saMbhAvanA TaLI jAya che. jo te mANasa viSayane moDhe mATe ane jANe ke te tenI tarasa maTADe che to A viSaya pANI che evuM tene thayeluM jJAna tevI ja rIte samarthana pAme che ane bhaviSyamAM tenI bAdhita thavAnI saMbhAvanA TaLI jAya che. A siddhAnta jagatamithyAvAdIonA matane arthAt samagra vyAvahArika jagata bhrAnta ane svapnavat anubhava che e matane asarakAraka rIte toDI pADe che. e dayanIya sthiti che ane kamanasIbI che ke jagatamithyAvAdanA kaTTara virodhI bhAdR mImAMsako jJAnanA prAmANyanI aMtima kasoTI saphaLa pravRtti che e siddhAntamAMthI baLa meLavatA nathI. Ama eka bAju teo jagatamithyAvAdIo sAme dalIla kare che ke jAgratAvasthAmAM thato anubhava e svapnAvasthAmAM thatA anubhava jevo nathI kAraNa ke svapnAvasthAmAM thato anubhava jAgratAvasthAmAM thatA anubhavathI bAdhita thAya che paNa jAgratAvasthAmAM thato anubhava kazAthI bAdhita thato nathI - jagatamithyAvAdanA virodhInI A mAnItI dalIla che, jyAre bIjI bAju teo tArkikonI sAme dalIla kare che ke saphaLa pravRtti e jJAnanA prAmANyanI geranTI nathI kAraNa ke saphaLa pravRtti to svapnAvasthA ane jAgratAvasthA baMnemAM thatI jovA maLe che - mithyAjagatavAdIonI A mAnItI dalIla che. vAha bhAdR mImAMsaka! 8. jJAnanA svataH prAmANya ke parataH prAmANyanA vivAda paratve jainonA matamAM kaMI noMdhapAtra ke gaMbhIra nathI. mAtra eTaluM nodhI zakAya ke jene tArkiko evI rIte vAta kare che ke jANe vivAdanA baMne pakSomAM temane evuM kaMIka jaDayuM che jenAM bacAva karI zakAya. Ama teo bhArapUrvaka jaNAve che ke jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH che jo te jJAna vAraMvAra banatI ghaTanA hoya, jyAre jJAnanA prAmANyane kasoTInI jarUra che jo te jJAna prathama vAra ja thayuM hoya. kahevAnuM tAtparya e ke jo je paristhiti atyAre tamArI samakSa che te barAbara tevI ja che jevI pahelAM eka vAra tamArI samakSa upasthita thaI hatI, to je jJAna pUrva prasaMge yogya kasoTI pachI pramANa puravAra thayuM hatuM tene A prasaMge :

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160 bhAratIya tattvajJAna koI kasoTI karyA vinA pramANa gaNI levAya. ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke jJAnanA prAmANya ke aprAmANyano nirNaya karavA mATe kasoTI karavAnI AvazyakatAmAMthI ahIM chUTa nathI ApavAmAM AvI; ApaNane mAtra salAha ApavAmAM AvI che ke ekanA eka jJAnanI ekathI vadhu vAra ekanI eka kasoTI karavI nahi- A bahu buddhithI dIpatI salAha nathI. tema chatAM e noMdhavuM joIe ke jaino paNa nyAyazeSika ane bauddhatArkikoe apanAvelA valaNathI viruddha nathI tema ja nyAyavazeSika ane bauddha tArkiko paNa jenoe apanAvelA valaNathI viruddha nathI.' 9. prAcIna graMthonI vAta karIe te pahelAM evI eka bAbatanI nodha laIe je vicAraNAmAM gUMcavADo pedA karavAnuM valaNa dharAve che. nyAyavaizeSiko ane mImAMsakono dAvo che ke svataH prAmANya viruddha parataH prAmANyano vivAda be muddAo para calAvAyo che - eka jJAnanI utpattino ane bIjo jJAnanA jJAnano. pahelA muddAnI AsapAsa cAlatA vivAdamAM prazna Ubho karavAmAM Ave che ke zuM che kAraNa jJAnane utpanna kare che te ja pramANane (yathArtha jJAnane) utpanna kare che ? bIjA muddAnI AsapAsa cAlatA vivAdamAM e prazna UThAvavAmAM Ave che ke zuM che kAraNa jJAnanuM jJAna karAve che te ja kAraNa pramANanuM (yathArtha jJAnanuM) jJAna karAve che? sAdI bhASAmAM pahelo prazna thaze ke zuM dAna ane pramANa (yathArtha jJAna) baMne eka ja vastu che? bIjA zabdomAM zuM badhAM ja jJAno pramANa che? kAraNa ke ekanI eka vastu ma ane tane utpanna karatI hoya to ga ane eka ja vastu hoya. tevI ja rIte, sAdI bhASAmAM bIjo prazna thaze ke zuM jJAnane jANavA sAthe ja te jJAna pramANa (yathArtha) che e jaNAI jAya che? paraMtu ApaNA tArkikoe bhAgye ja A praznone - khAsa to prathama praznane - ATalI spaSTa rIte mUkyA che. 10. pahelo prazna pahelo laIe. ekalA prAbhAkaro ja jo ke khaTake evo khoTo chatAM tArkika mata svIkAre che, kAraNa ke teo sIdhe sIdhA spaSTapaNe jJAna ane pramANano abheda kare che, baMnenuM lakSaNa smRtibhinna jJAna evuM Ape che ane te baMnene pAribhASika nAma "anubhava" Ape che. nyAyavaizeSika tArkikoe paNa smRtibhinna jJAnone pAribhASika nAma 'anubhava' ApyuM che paraMtu teoe prAbhAkaronuM samIkaraNa anubhava = pramANa svIkAryuM nahi ane te temaNe yogya ja karyuM. ApaNe kahI zakIe ke amuka jJAna kAM to pramANa hoya kAM to apramANa (ane bIjA koI prakAranuM nahi ke ubhayaprakAranuM nahi). tethI ApaNe vadhumAM pratipAdana karI zakIe ke jo pramANane utpanna karanArAM yogya kAraNo upalabdha na hoya to utpanna thanAruM jJAna apramANa hoya; ane A ja vAtanuM pratipAdana nyAyavaizeSika tArkikoe (hakIkatamAM badhA tArkikoe) karyuM che, kAraNa ke pramANanuM lakSaNa bAMdhavA pAchaLa, pramANanuM aneka ' prakAromAM vargIkaraNa karavA pAchaLa ane A dareka prakArane utpanna karanAra karaNane (sAdhakatama kAraNane) nakkI karavA pAchaLa A ja Akho muddo rahelo che. Ama prastuta

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jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ke parataH ? 161 vivAThamAM nyAyavaizeSika tArkike e mata apanAvavo joIe ke pramANa tyAre ja utpanna thAya che jyAre pramANanuM karaNa barAbara rIte yojAyuM hoya, paraMtu hakIktamAM teNe vicitra mArga apanAvyo che, kAraNa ke te kahe che ke jyAre jJAnane utpanna karanAra kAraNamAM guNa hoya che tyAre pramANa (yathArtha jJAna) utpanna thAya che ane jyAre jJAnane utpanna karanAra kAraNamAM hoSa hoya che tyAre apramANa utpanna thAya che. AnI sAme bhATTa mImAMsako evo mata pratipAdita kare che ke jyAre jJAnane utpanna karanAra kAraNamAM doSa hoya che tyAre apramANa utpanna thAya che ane jyAre jJAnane utpanna karanAra kAraNamAM doSAbhAva hoya che tyAre pramANa utpanna thAya che. matabhedanI A rItanI abhivyaktie prastuta vivAdane vicitra vaLAMka Apyo ane te nIce mujaba che. bhATTa mImAMsako jaNAve che ke doSAbhAva bhAvarUpa vastu na hoI amAro mata ema kahevA barAbara che ke je kAraNa jJAnane utpanna kare che te ja pramANane utpanna kare che jyAre doSa e bhAvarUpa vastu hoI jJAnanuM kAraNa jyAre doSayukta hoya tyAre te apramANane utpanna kare che. jemane mate jJAnanuM kAraNa guNayukta hoya tyAre pramANane ane doSayukta hoya tyAre apramANane utpanna kare che te nyAyavaizeSika tArkiko temane ToNo mAre che ke tame tattvataH amArA jevo ja mata dharAvo cho. ane nyAyavaizeSika tArkiko Ama kahevAmAM eka rIte sAcA che kAraNa ke nyAyavaizeSika tArkiko ane bhATTa mImAMsako banne jUthanA ciMtako abhAvane svataMtra padArtha tarIke svIkAre che jethI vadhArAnuM kaMIka je jJAnanA kAraNane pramANa utpanna karavA samartha banAve che te bhAva padArtha nathI paNa abhAva padArtha che ema kahevA mAtrathI bhATTa mImAMsako potAnA matane nyAyavaizeSikonA matathI spaSTapaNe bhinna karI rAtA nathI. vadhAre gaMbhIra muzkelI to bhATTa mImAMsako mATe e che ke teo sAce ja ema kahevA mAgatA nathI ke jJAnanuM doSAbhAvathI yukta kAraNa pramANane utpanna kare che; kAraNa ke temano sAco mata to e che ke jJAnanuM kAraNa - jenuM doSayukta hovuM jJAta nathI - pramANane utpanna kare che. temano A mata nyAyavaizeSika tArkikonA matathI ghaNo ja judo paDe che ane bamaNo doSayukta Thare che. hakIktamAM, bhATTa mImAMsakonI pUrI mahenata badhAM jJAno pramANa che e prAbhAkara matanI UDIne AMkhe vaLage evI khoTAIne DhAMkavA mATenI rahI che. je ho te, A matabhedane kAraNe nyAyavaizeSika mata 'prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne parataH che' evA siddhAnta tarIke oLakhAvA lAgyo, jyAre bhATTa mImAMsakono mata 'prAmANya svataH che paNa aprAmANya parataH che' evA siddhAnta tarIke oLakhAvA lAgyo (kAraNa ke temanA mate prAmANyanI utpatti mATe jJAnanA utpAdaka kAraNa sAthe kaMI vadhArAnuM hovuM jarUrI nathI jyAre aprAmANyanI utpatti mATe jJAnanA utpAdaka kAraNa sAthe kaMIka vadhArAnuM - doSa - hovuM jarUrI che). - 11, A pazcAdbhUmikAmAM udayanAcArye bhATTa mImAMsako sAme karelI nIcenI dalIla samajavI joIe : "jo mImAMsaka e svIkAravA taiyAra hoya ke 'jJAnasAmAnyanI utpAdaka

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162 bhAratIya tattvajJAna kAraNasAmagrI vattA doSa" apramANane utpanna kare che to teNe e ja pramANe svIkAravuM joIe ke "jJAnasAmAnyanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI vattA doSAbhAvarUpa guNa pramANane utpanna kare che, kAraNa ke jJAnasAmAnyanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI doSAbhAvayukta hovI ja joIe jo teNe pramANane utpanna karavuM hoya to. mImAMsaka kadAca kaheze ke doSAbhAvane guNa na gaNI zakAya kAraNa ke guNa e bhAvarUpa ja hovo joIe (jyAre doSAbhAva e bhAvarUpa padArtha nathI), paraMtu tenI A vAta Take evI nathI. tenuM kAraNa e ke evAM daTAno paNa che jyAM je doSa potAnI hAjarIthI apramANa utpanna kare che te pote ja "abhAva che ane pariNAme A daSTAntomAM doSAbhAva pote bhAva padArtha banI raheze. (tAtparya e ke bhAdra mImAMsakone e svIkAravAnI pharaja pADavAmAM Ave che ke evAM daSTAnto saMbhave che jyAM jJAnasAmAnyanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrImAtra pramANane utpanna karatI nathI paraMtu jJAnasAmAnyanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI vattA bhAvarUpa guNa pramANane utpanna kare che.) udAharaNanI madadathI A vastune vizada karIe. je vastu pratye ApaNane rAga hoya che te ja vastu pratye ApaNane dveSAbhAva paNa hoya che ane je vastu pratye ApaNane dveSa hoya che te ja vastu pratye ApaNane rAgAbhAva paNa hoya che. chatAM koI ema nathI kahetuM ke vastune prApta karavAnA prayatnanuM kAraNa dveSAbhAva che ane vastuthI dUra rahevAnA prayatnanuM kAraNa rAgAbhAva che. enuM kAraNa e ke sAcI vastusthiti e che ke vastune prApta karavAnA ApaNA prayatnanuM kAraNa te vastu pratyeno rAga che ane vastuthI dUra rahevAnA ApaNA prayatnanuM kAraNa te vastu pratyeno dveSa che. tevI ja rIte pramANanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrImAM guNa sAthe doSAbhAvano paNa samAveza thAya che ane apramANanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrImAM doSa sAthe guNAbhAvano paNa samAveza thAya che. chatAM koIe ema na kahevuM joIe ke pramANanA - kAraNamAM doSAbhAva samAveza pAme che (paNa kahevuM joIe ke pramANanA kAraNamAM guNa samAveza pAme che) tema ja koIe ema paNa na kahevuM joIe ke apramANanA kAraNamAM guNAbhAva samAveza pAme che. enuM kAraNa e ke sAcI vastusthiti e che ke pramANanA kAraNamAM guNa samAviSTa che ane apramANanA kAraNamAM doSa samAviSTa che.' 12. udayanAcArye ApeluM udAharaNa temanA matanI nabaLAI khullI karavA pUratuM che. koI paNa vastunA saMbaMdhamAM mANasa be ja rIte vartI zake. jo tene amuka pratye rAga hoya che to te te vastune prApta karavA pravRtti kare che ane jo tene te vastu pratye dveSa hoya che to te te vastuthI dUra rahe che (nivRtti). paraMtu jo te na to te vastune prApta karavA pravRtti kare ke na to te vastuthI te dUra rahe to tene te vastunA saMbaMdhamAM kriyAzIla ja na gaNI zakAya. tevI ja rIte, mANasa vastune mAtra be ja rIte jANI zake. jo vastu jevI che tevI ja tene te varNave to tene te yathArtha rIte jANe ane jo vastu jevI nathI tevI te varNave to tene te ayathArtha rIte jANe. paraMtu jo vastune jevI che tevI te na varNave ke vastune jevI nathI tevI te na varNave to te tene jANe che ema na kahevAya. vaLI, jo vastunA saMbaMdhamAM

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jJAnanuM prAmANya svataHke parataH ? mANasa dvArA karAtI kviA vastune prApta karavAnA hetuthI thatI na hoya ke vastune TALavA - dUra rAkhavAnA hetuthI thatI na hoya to evI kriyA mUrkhAIbharI kahevAya. tevI ja rIte, vastunuM varNana vastune jevI che tevI varNavatuM na hoya ke vastune jevI nathI tevI varNavatuM na hoya to te varNana paNa mUrkhAIbharyuM che. kahevAno Azaya e che ke vastune varNavavAnI sAcI rIta che (je rItane yathArtha jJAnanuM - pramANanuM kAraNa kahI zakAya) ane vastune varNavavAnI khoTI rIta che (je rItane ayathArtha jJAnanuM - apramANanuM - kAraNa kahI zakAya), paraMtu ema sUcavavuM arthahIna che ke vastune varNavavAnI na-sAcI-na-khoTI rIta paNa che ane uparathI guNano umero tene vastune varNavavAnI sAcI rIta banAve che jyAre uparathI doSano umero tene vastune varNavavAnI khoTI rIte banAve che. 13. jayate paNa A ja rIte dalIla karI che. te kahe che ke jyAre kAraNasAmagrImAM guNa hoya che tyAre yogya rIte kArya utpanna thAya che ane jyAre kAraNasAmagrImAM doSa hoya che tyAre ayogya rIte kArya utpanna thAya che. AnA uparathI te nirNaya kare che ke evuM kArya ja saMbhavatuM nathI je na to guNayukta kAraNasAmagrIthI utpanna thayuM che ke na to doSayukta kAraNasAmagrIthI utpanna thayuM che. AnI sAthe eka phalitArtha e joDe che ke jJAnanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI vattA guNa thI pramANa utpanna thAya che ane jJAnanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI vattA doSathI apramANa utpanna thAya che. A AkhI dalIla atyaMta zramasAdhya che ane jayaMta je puravAra karavAmAM saphaLa thAya che te eTaluM ja che ke jyAre prastuta kAraNasAmagrI upasthita hoya che tyAre kArya utpanna thAya che ane jyAre te anupasthita hoya che tyAre te kArya utpanna thatuM nathI. 14. Ano artha e nathI ke A prazna paratve mImAMsakono mata nyAyavaizeSikonA matathI vadhu khAmIbharyo nathI. kumArila bhaTTa potAnA matanA bacAvamAM nIce mujaba jaNAve che. . ' badhAM ja zAno svAbhAvikapaNe ja pramANa che, kAraNa ke vastunI je zakti svAbhAvika na hoya tene te vastumAM bIjuM koI pedA karI zake nahi. potAnI utpatti mATe vastune kAraNanI apekSA che, paraMtu eka vAra te utpanna thaI jAya pachI potAne yogya kriyA te pote ja potAnI meLe kare che, te mATe te koInI apekSA rAkhatI nathI. (ahIM potAnI TIkAmAM pArthasArathi mizra kahe che : ghaTa potAnI utpatti mATe mATI vagerenI apekSA rAkhe che paraMtu pANIne dhAraNa karavA mATe koInI apekSA rAkhato nathI. tevI ja rIte, jJAna potAnI utpatti mATe kAraNanI - kadAca guNathI yukta ke tamane game te vastuthI yukta kAraNanI - apekSA rAkhe che paraMtu 'viSayano nizcaya' nAmanuM potAnuM kArya karavA mATe te koInI apekSA rAkhatuM nathI, paraMtu tamArA (cAyavaizeSikanA) darzAvyA mujaba to jyAM sudhI jJAnanuM utpAdaka kAraNa doSarahita zuddha che e jJAna na thAya tyAM sudhI jJAna pote utpanna thayA pachI paNa potAnuM kArya viSayano nizcaya' karatuM nathI. tethI tamAre pahelA jJAnanA utpAdaka kAraNane doSarahita zuddha jaNAvanAra bIjA jJAnanuM kAraNa

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164 bhAratIya tattvajJAna doSarahita zuddha che evI khAtarI karAvI ApanAra trIjuM jJAna koIka kAraNathI utpanna thAya te mATe rAha jovI paDaze, kAraNa ke jyAM sudhI doSarahita zuddha kAraNa doSarahita zuddha che e jJAta na thAya tyAM sudhI te doSarahita zuddha kAraNa astitva dharAvatuM hovA chatAM astitva na dharAvatuM hovA barAbara che. vaLI A trIjA jJAnanA kAraNane doSarahita zuddha hovAnI khAtarI karAvI ApavAmAM Ave pachI ja te pramANa gaNAya. A ja samasyA cothA jJAnanI bAbatamAM khaDI thaze ane A prakriyAno aMta ja nahi Ave - anavasthA thaze. bIjI bAju kumArilanuM kahevuM che ke jo jJAnanuM prAmANya teno svabhAva ja hoya to tene potAnuM kArya 'viSayano nizcaya' karavA mATe vadhArAnA kzAnI apekSA ja rahetI nathI ane doSanA ajJAnathI (anupalabdhithI) anAyAse ja tenuM aprAmANya dUra thaI jAya che. (potAnI TIkAmAM pArthasArathi mizra kahe che : doSo jyAre jJAta thAya che tyAre ja prAmANyane haNe che. te doSonuM ajJAna ja prAmANyanA virodhI aprAmANyane dUra kare che ane doSonuM ajJAna vinA AyAse siddha che, eTale ahIM anavasthAne koI avakAza nathI.) Ama jJAna pote jJAnasvarUpa che eTalA mAtrathI ja te pramANa puravAra thAya che. ane jyAre ApaNane jaNAya ke teno viSaya te jevo varNave che tevo nathI ke tenuM kAraNa doSayukta che tyAre ja A tenI pramANatA dUra thaI jAya che. * ahIM e sahelAIthI ApaNe pakaDI pADIe chIe ke kumArilanI AkhI dalIla doSajJAnAbhAvane (doSAjJAnane) doSAbhAva sAthe khoTI rIte eka gaNI levA upara ja TakI rahI che. kumArilane yogya rIte ja evuM lAge che ke pramANa paNa na hoya ane apramANa paNa na hoya evuM jJAna saMbhavatuM ja nathI. paraMtu vadhArAmAM tenuM sUcana ke jo ane jyAM sudhI jJAna apramANa puravAra na thAya to ane tyAM sudhI te pramANa ja che, kharekhara buddhivirodhI ane vicitra che. jJAnane AdhAre pravRtta thavA mATe jJAnanA prAmANyano nizcaya hovo jarUrI nathI e kumArilanI vAta sAcI che. paraMtu temAMthI teNe e tAravavuM khoTuM che ke badhAM ja jJAno pramANa che athavA jo ane jyAM sudhI teo apramANa puravAra na thAya to ane tyAM sudhI teo pramANa che. 15. ane A rahI prabhAkaranI potAnA pakSanI rajUAta H "jyAre jJAnano viSaya bIjI vastu sAthe samAnatA dharAvato hoya ane te jJAna potAnA viSayamAM rahelA pelI vastuthI tene judA pADatA dharmone dhyAnamAM levAmAM niSphaLa jAya tyAre te jJAna jJAtAmAM pelI vastunuM smaraNa janmAve che paraMtu jJAtA pote e hakIkatathI ajJAta che ke potAne smaraNarUpa jJAna thaI rahyuM che. Ama chIpamAM rajatanuM jJAna jevA jJAnone samajAvavAmAM Ave che. (AnA uparanI potAnI TIkAmAM zAlinAtha kahe che : kadAca koI ema kahe ke viSayane lagatA jJAnamAM pragaTa thato svabhAva ja viSayano svabhAva hovo joIe, evuM ja hoya to bhrAnta jJAno saMbhave nahi, ane jo bhrAnta jJAno saMbhavatA hoya to viSayane lagatA jJAnamAM pragaTa thato svabhAva te viSayano ja hovo joIe evuM na bane. AnA utaramAM

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165 jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ke parataH ? prabhAkara nIce pramANe jaNAve che.) jyAre indriyanA doSane kAraNe rajatatulya chIpane vize utpanna thatuM jJAna chIpanA evA dharmone lakSamAM levAmAM niSphaLa jAya che je niHzaMkapaNe chIpamAM che tema ja chIpane rajatathI judI pADe che paraMtu mAtra evA dharmone ja dhyAnamAM le che je chIpa ane rajatamAM samAna che, tyAre A jJAna smaraNane janmAve che. doSane kAraNe mane chIpano anubhava thayo che evo avamarza (introspection) na thavAne lIdhe mane rajatanuM smaraNa thayuM che evuM jJAna tene thatuM nathI. pariNAme daSTa vastu ane smRta vastu vacceno bheda te karI zakto nathI. Ama ahIM be jJAno thAya che-'A'nuM pratyakSa ane rajatanuM smaraNa, kAraNa ke anyathA A prasaMge rajatanuM jJAna kevI rIte thAya e samajAvavuM mukela che. rajatanuM jJAna indriyajanya nathI ja, kAraNa ke rajata indriyanA saMyogamAM AvI nathI. e niyama che ke indriyo potAnA viSayanuM jJAna tenA saMyogamAM AvyA vinA utpanna karatI nathI, udAharaNArtha AMdhaLA mANasane cakSu dvArA jJAna thatuM nathI. tethI rajatanuM prastuta jJAna smRti che. A rIte chIpamAM rajatanuM jJAna jevAM zAnone samajAvavAmAM Ave che." kumArinI bhUla karatAM prabhAkaranI bhUla vadhu pragaTa che. prabhAkara sAcI rIte ja darzAve che ke chIpamAM rajatanuM jJAna thavAmAM indriyano vyApAra ane smRtino vyApAra baMne kAma kare che. paraMtu e to badhAM ja pratyakSa jJAnonI bAbatamAM sAcuM che. yathArtha pratyakSane ayathArtha pratyakSathI juduM pADanAra je che te to e che ke yathArtha pratyakSa dekhelA viSayanuM sAcI rIte pUrvAnubhUta vastu sAthe anusaMdhAna kare che jyAre ayathArtha pratyakSa dekhelA viSayanuM khoTI rIte pUrvAnubhUta vastu sAthe anusaMdhAna kare che. A mahattvanA bhedane miTAvavAno prabhAkarano prayatna avazyapaNe hAnikAraka che. * 12. have ApaNe cAyavaizeSiko ane mImAMsakone je bIjA muddA paratve vivAda che teno vicAra karIe. A bIjo muddo e prazna aMge che ke zuM je kAraNa jJAnanA jJAnane utpanna kare che te ja pramANanA jJAnane utpanna kare che ? ahIM nyAyavaizeSika tArkiko evo mata dharAve che - je tattvataH sAco che - ke ApaNe jJAnane anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSa dvArA jANIe chIe jyAre te jJAnanA prAmAyane anumAna - 'A jJAna pramANa che kAraNa ke te saphaLa pravRtti bhaNI laI jAya che evA anumAna -- dvArA ApaNe jANIe chIe. bIjI bAju bhAdR mImAMsako evo mata dharAve che ke je jJAnanA jJAnane utpanna kare che te ja pramANanA jJAnane utpanna kare che, jJAnanuM jJAna ane pramANanuM jJAna baMne eka ja vastu che, eTale jJAnanuM jJAna thatAM ja tenA prAmANyanuM jJAna paNa avazya thAya che ja. paraMtu aprAmANyanA jJAnanI bAbatamAM niSphaLa pravRtti uparathI jJAnanuM aprAmANya jJAta thAya che; ApaNe kahIe chIe ke prastuta jJAna apramANa che kAraNa ke te saphaLa pravRtti bhaNI laI javAmAM niSphaLa rahyuM che. bhAdR mImAMsakono A mata dekhItI rIte khoTo che kAraNa ke jJAna prApta karIne jarUrI pravRtti ryA pachI ApaNe A pramANe dalIla karavAnI sthitimAM hoIe chIe: "A

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna jJAna pramANa che kAraNa ke te saphaLa pravRtti bhaNI laI gayuM che tema ja 'A jJAAna apramANa che kAraNa ke te saphaLa pravRtti tarapha laI javAmAM niSphaLa gayuM che. hakIkatamAM jJAnane jANatAM ja tenuM prAmANya jJAta thaI jAya che e mata dharAvavAmAM kharekhara teo gaMbhIra hoya to aprAmANyanA jJAnanI bAbatamAM je dalIla karavAnuM teo jaNAve che te dalIlano Azaro temaNe levAnI jarUra nathI; bIjI bAju jo temane sAce ja aprAmANyanA jJAnanI bAbatamAM te dalIlano Azaro levAnI jarUra lAgatI hoya to teo gaMbhIrapaNe e mata dharAvI na zake ke jJAnane jANatAM ja tenuM prAmANya jaNAI jAya che. Ama ahIM paNa bhAdamImAMsakono prayatna badhAM jJAna pramANa che e tema ja teo pramANa che evuM jJAna ApaNane anAyAse ja thAya che e prAbhAkaronA khAmIbharyA matonI khAmI DhAMkavAno che. je ho te, evA matabhedane kAraNe cAyavaizeSika mata 'jJAnanuM prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne parataH' evA siddhAMta tarIke oLakhAyo (kAraNa ke jJAnanA prAmANya tema ja aprAmAyane jANavA mATe ApaNe anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSathI AgaLa javuM paDe che ane pravRttinA riporTa upara AdhArita anumAnanodalIlano Azaro levo paDe che), jyAre bhAdR mImAMsakono mata 'jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH paNa aprAmANya parataH' evA siddhAnta tarIke oLakhAyo (kAraNa ke prAmANyanA jJAna mATe jJAnanA astitvanA anumAnathI AgaLa javAnI jarUra nathI jyAre aprAmANyanA jJAna mATe tenAthI AgaLa jaI pravRttinA riporTa upara AdhArita anumAna-dalIlano Azaro levo paDe che.) 17. A pazcAdbhUmAM bhAdamImAMsako viruddha udayanAcArye karelA nIcenA tarkane ApaNe samajavo paDaze. te lakhe che : tethI ApaNe A matalabanuM anumAna karIe chIe: "jJAnanuM prAmANya parataH - jJAta thAya che kAraNa ke jo A jAtanuM jJAna ApaNane pahelI ja vAra thatuM hoya to jema tenA aprAmANya aMge zaMkA uddabhave che tema tenA prAmANya aMge zaMkA ubhave che. jo jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH jJAta thatuM hoya to jema jJAna hovA aMge zaMkA ubhavatI nathI tema tenA prAmANya aMge zaMkA udbhave nahi, kAraNa ke je vastu nizcitapaNe jJAta thaI hoya tene aMge zaMkA uddabhavavAne mATe koI avakAza ja nathI.' kadAca kahevAmAM Ave ke ApaNe (jJAnanA pramANa hovA ke na hovAnI) tarapheNamAM ke viruddhamAM purAvA che ke kema e vicAravA thobhatA nathI paNa pramANa ane apramANa baMnenA samAna dharmo grahaNa karavAne kAraNe ja zaMkAmAM paDI jaIe chIe. ame kahIzuM ke jo kharekhara ema ja hoya to A zaMkAno kadI aMta na Ave (kAraNa ke A dharmo to hamezA rahevAnA ja.) kadAca koI kahe ke jJAna pramANa hoya to tema ja apramANa hoya to paNa tenAmAM prAmANya hovAnI lAgaNI thAya che, tethI ahIM ApaNane zaMkA janme che ke A lAgaNI pramANa vize thAya che ke apramANa vize. ame tene pUchIzuM ke ahIM zuM tame pramANajJAnane grahaNa

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* jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ke parataH? 167 karo cho paNa tenA prAmANyane grahaNa karatA nathI ke pachI pramANajJAnane potAne ja grahaNa karavAmAM tame niSphaLa jAva cho? je prathama pakSa svIkAro to tame kevI rIte kahI zako ke jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ja gRhIta thaI jAya che ? kAraNa ke ahIM jJAnanuM prAmANya hovAnI lAgaNI thatI hovA chatAM tame prAmANyane grahaNa to karatA nathI (nizcitapaNe jANatA nathI). je bIjo pakSa svIkAro to zaMkA thAya ja kevI rIte ? kAraNa ke tame jenA vize zaMkA UbhI thavAnI vAta karo cho e viSayane potAne ja tame grahaNa karyo nathI. tame kadAca kahezo ke jhaTa thatI pracuratara samartha (saphaLa) pravRttino khulAso anyathA thaI zakato na hovAthI ame mAnIe chIe ke jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH che. AnI sAme amAruM kahevuM che ke evuM nathI, jhaTa thatI pracuratara saphaLapravRttino khulAso bIjI rIte paNa thaI zake che. jhaTa pravRtti thAya che kAraNa ke te pravRttinuM kAraNa jhaTa upasthita thAya che, ane pracura pravRtti thavAnuM kAraNa che tenA kAraNanuM prAcurya. pravRttinuM kAraNa che icchA, icchAnuM kAraNa e jJAne che ke icchita vastu amuka prayojana sAdhavAnuM sAdhana che, A (anumitirUpa) jJAnanuM kAraNa che "pahelAM anubhavela ane prastuta prayojana sAdhavAnuM sAdhana jaNAyelI koI vastunA jevA ja AkAranI A vastu hovAthI" evA hetunuM darzana, A hetudarzananuM kAraNa che Indriya ane vastuno saMyoga; A badhAMmAM kyAMya ApaNane prastuta jJAnanA) prAmANyanA jJAnano koI ja upayoga nathI. ane mAnI lo ke prAmANyanA jJAnano koI upayoga che to paNa te jJAnane svataH zA mATe mAnavuM? pracuratara saphaLapravRtti pracuratara prAmANyane kAraNe ke pracuratara prAmANyajJAnane kAraNe che ema mAnatAM ApaNe vadhArAmAM e svIkAravAnI koI jarUra nathI ke prAmANyanuM jJAna svataH thAya che. pANIne anulakSI tarasyA mANasanI pravRtti jhaTa thAya che ane te pracuratara saphaLapravRtti hoya che e hakIkatamAMthI e phalita na thAya ke je pratyakSano viSaya pANI che te ja pratyakSano viSaya pANInI tarasa maTADavAnI zakti paNa che." - udayanano muddo spaSTa che. jema pANI tarasa maTADe che ke nahi e tame mAtra pANIne jANIne ja kadI na jANI zako paraMtu pANIne pIdhA pachI ane e tarasa maTADe che e anubhavyA pachI ja tame jANI zako ke pANI tarasa maTADe che tema jJAna pramANa che ke apramANa e tame mAtra jJAnane jANIne ja na jANI zako (svataH na jANI zako) paraMtu pravRttino Azaro lIdhA pachI ja ane pravRttinA riporTa uparathI yogya anumAna karIne pachI ja jANI zako ke te jJAna pramANa che ke apramANa. jJAnane pravRttimAM mUkyA pahelAM tamAre tamAruM e jJAna pramANa che e jANavAnI jarUra nathI. jJAnane AdhAre thatI uttaravartI pravRtti ja puravAra karaze ke tamAruM e jJAna pramANa che ke apramANa. (uparanI carcAmAM jJAnanuM aprAmANya saphaLa pravRtti utpanna karavAnI tenI niSphaLatA uparathI anumati thAya che evo mata ApaNe bhAdR mImAMsakono gayo che. eka rIte A temanA tarapha kaMIka udAratA batAvI gaNAya, kAraNa ke sAcuM kahIe to teo jJAnane dUSita karatA

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna doSo zodhI kADhavAnI rIta bAbata aspaSTa rahevAmAM AnaMda mANe che. ApaNe agAu noMdhyuM che ke kumArila bhaTTa ane pArthasArathi mizra baMne mAne che ke jJAnagata doSanuM ajJAna (anupalabdhi) mAtra ApaNane e jJAna pramANa che evI khAtarI karAvavA mATe pUratuM che. paraMtu prabhAkarathI judA paDI game tema paNa kumArila apramANa (bhrAnta) jJAnanI zakyatAno svIkAra kare che, tethI Tharela bhAratIya tArkiko dvArA sarvasvIkRta pravRttirUpa kasoTI jJAnane saMbhavitapaNe dUSita karanAra doSane zodhI kADhavAmAM ApaNane sahAya kare che evo mata kumArilano gaNIe to temAM bahu khoTuM nahi gaNAya. kumArikanI mUjhavaNa eTaluM ja puravAra kare che ke A prazna paratve prabhAkaranA mata ane bAkInA bhAratIya tArkikoe svIkArela mata vacce koI vacalo mata zakya nathI.) A prazna paratve jaina tArkikanA matano khyAla Ave e khAtara AcArya hemacandra potAnI pramANamImAMsAmAM je kahyuM che tene ahIM rajU karIe chIe.5 lAkSaNika jaina anekAntavAdI valaNanI chApa dharAvato A jaina mata mahadaMze cAyavaizeSika ane bauddha tArkika baMnene svIkArya banaze. koI zaMkA kare che - Ape pramANanuM je lakSaNa kahevuM hoya te kaho, paraMtu tenI pramANatAno nizcaya svataH thAya che ke parataH ? arthAt te ja pramANa potAnI pramANatAno nizcaya karI le che ke bIjA koI pramANathI teno nizcaya thAya che ? pratyeka jJAna svasaMvedI che, arthAt dareka jJAna pote potAne jANe che. tethI pramANabhUta jJAna potAnA jJAnatya svarUpane to svayaM jANI leze, paraMtu potAnA samyakapaNAne-prAmANyane svataH nahi jANI zake, kAraNa ke jJAnatva to pramANa jJAna ane apramANa jJAna baMnemAM samAnapaNe rahe che. uparAMta, jo jJAnanA pramANyanuM jJAna svataH ja thaI jatuM hoya to koIne jJAnanA prAmANya bAbata zaMkA ja na thAya. jo jJAnanI pramANatA bIjA jJAnathI jJAta thatI hoya to A bIjuM jJAna kayuM che ? zuM te (jenI pramANatAno nizcaya karavAno che te) prathama jJAnanA viSayane grahaNa karanAruM jJAna che ke (te prathama jJAnane AdhAre karavAmAM AvelI) saphaLa pravRttine grahaNa karanAruM jJAna che ke prathama jJAnanA viSaya sAthe avinAbhAva saMbaMdha dharAvatA viSayane grahaNa karanAruM jJAna che? A traNeya jJAnonI pramANatAno nizcaya jyAM sudhI na thAya tyAM sudhI te jJAno prathama jJAnanI pramANitAno nizcaya na karAvI zake. jo te traNa jJAnonI pramANitAno nizcaya svataH thaI jato hoya to prathama jJAne zo aparAdha karyo che ke jethI te potAnI pramANatAno nizcaya pote ja na karI zake? jo kahevAmAM Ave ke te traNa jJAnonI pramANatA paNa parataH (arthAtu bIjA jJAnathI) nizcita thAya che, to anavasthAdoSanI Apatti AvI paDaze, arthAt prathama jJAnanI pramANatAno nizcaya karavA mATe bIjA jJAnanI jarUra paDI, tema bIjA jJAnanI pramANatAno nizcaya karavA mATe trIjA jJAnanI jarUra paDavAnI, ane A rIte AgaLa paNa acAnya jJAnonI kalpanA karatA karatA kyAMya anna nahi Ave.

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zAnanuM prAmAya svataH ke parataH? 169 A AzaMkAnA uttaramAM ame jena tArkiko kahIe chIe - jJAnanI pramANatAno nizcaya kyAreka svataH ane kyAreka parataH thAya che. A vastune vistArathI samajAvIe chIe. keTalAMka phAnonI bAbatamAM, jJAnanA prAmAyano nizcaya svataH thAya che. je jJAna vAraMvAra thatuM hoya, jemake ApaNA potAnA hAthanuM jJAna, te jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH nizcita thAya che. tevI ja rIte, snAna, pAna, avagAhana, pipAsAnI upazAnti vagere saphaLa pravRttinA pratyakSanI (anubhavanI) pramANatAno nizcaya paNa svataH thAya che; saphaLa pravRttinA pratyakSanI pramANatAnI parIkSA karavAnI icchA koI buddhimAna manuSya karato nathI. dAha ke tRSAthI pIDita manuSyane jyAre jalanuM jJAna thAya che tyAre te peluM pANI che evuM jJAna thatAM te jala prApta karavA mATe pravRtti kare che, jalane prApta kare che, jala prApta thatAM temAM snAna kare che, tarasyo hoya to tene pIe che, ane eno dAha ke tRSA zAMta thaI jAya che. jyAre Ama bane che tyAre jJAtA saMtoSa pAme che, kRtArtha thaI jAya che ane potAnA dAhazamana ke tRSAzamananA pratyakSa jJAnanI pramANatAnI parIkSA karato nathI. arthAt jJAtA dAha ke tRSAnA zamanano anubhava kare che ane e anubhavanI saccAIno nizcaya karavA mATe bIjA pramANanI khoja karato nathI, ene te anubhavanuM prAmANya svataH ja pratIta thAya che. anumAnajJAnanI bAbatamAM, badhAM ja anumAnajJAnonI pramANitAno nizcaya svataH thAya che kAraNa ke anumAnajJAno potAnA prAmANyanI zaMkAne koI avakAza ApatA nathI. teo AvI zaMkAne avakAza ApatA nathI kAraNa ke sAdhya sAthe avinAbhAvasaMbaMdha dharAvatA sAdhanathI teo utpanna thAya che. e cokkasa che ke sAdhananuM jJAna sAdhananA hovA vinA utpanna thaI zakatuM nathI ane sAdhyanA hovA vinA sAdhananuM hovuM zakya nathI. alabatta, keTalAMka jJAnonI bAbatamAM, jJAnanA prAmANyano nizcaya parataH thAya che. je pratyakSa jJAna vAraMvAra utpanna thayeluM nathI te pratyakSajJAnanA pramAyano nizcaya parataH thAya che. A jJAnanI yathArthatA (pramANatA) pahelA jANelI na hoI, tenI pramANutAno nizcaya bIjA jJAnathI karavo paDe che. A bIjuM jJAna kAM to prathama jJAnanA viSayane jANanAruM tenuM poSaka jJAna hoya che kAM to saphaLa pravRttinuM jJAna hoya che kAM to prathama jJAne darzAvela padArtha sAthe avinAbhAvI padArthanuM jJAna hoya che. A traNe jJAnanA prAmAyano nizcaya svataH ja thAya che, tethI anavasthA vagere doSone koI avakAza nathI. TippaNa 1. pramANa = yathArtha jJAna; apramANa = ayathArtha jJAna, prAmANya = yathArthatA 2. prabhAkara mizranA anuyAyIo 3. kumArila bhaTTanA anuyAyIo 4. anubhUtiH pramANaM sA smRteranyA / prakaraNapaJcikA 6.2

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170 bhAratIya tattvajJAna 5. yatpunararthakriyAjJAnasyApi pUrvasmAt ko vizeSaH ? tasyApi cAnyataH prAmANyanizcayApekSA yAmanavasthetyuktaM tadapi sakalaprANabhRtpratItisAkSikavyavahAravirodhitvAdasambaddhAbhidhAnam, aparIkSaNIyaprAmANyatvAdarthakriyAjJAnasya |...vishessdrshnaad vA phalajJAne prAmANyanizcayaH / kaH punarvizeSa iti cet, yo'yaM zaucAcamanamajjanAmarapitRtarpaNapaTakSAlanazramatApanodanavinodanAdyanekaprakAranIraparyAlocanaprabandhaH / na hyayamiyAn kAryakalApo mithyAjJAnAt pravRttasya kvacidapi dRSTaH / svapne'pyasya prabandhasya darzanamastIti cet, na, svapnadazAvisadRzavispaSTajAgradavasthApratyayasya saMvedyatvAt / eSo'smi jAgarmi na svapimIti svapnavilakSaNamanidrAyamANamAnasaH pratyakSameva jAgratsamayaM sakalo janazcetayate / na ca tasminnavasare salilamantareNaitAH kriyAH pravartamAnA dRzyante iti tadvizeSadarzanAt sujJAnamarthakriyAjJAnaprAmANyam / nyAyamaJjarI (tRtIyamAhnikam), L. D. Series 97, pR. 45-50 tatastato'pyarthakriyAdhigamaH paro'nveSaNIya ityanavasthA / nedaM sAdhIyaH / uttarArthakriyAbhAvAt pUrvasya yadi mAnatA / tadaivArthakriyAbhAvAduttarasya kathaM na sA // yatrArthakriyAsthitiraparopakalpitA tad yAvat pramANam, yatra tu svatastadaivArtha kriyAnubhavastatsutarAmeva pramANam / pramANavArtikAlaMkAra, pR. 4 7. pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAMkhyAH samAzritAH / naiyAyikAste parataH saugatAzcaramaM svataH / / prathamaM parataH prAhuH prAmANyaM vedavAdinaH / pramANatvaM svataH prAhuH paratazcApramANatAm / / (sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR. 104) 8. tema chatAM A valaNa jainonuM che eno nirdeza karyA vinA jayaMta enI ThekaDI uDAve cha. nyAyarI (tRtIya mAhni), L. D. Series No 97, p. 53 8. jJAnatve'pyatiriktadoSAnupravezAdaprameti cet / evaM tarhi doSAbhAvamadhikamAsAdya pramA'pi jAyeta, niyamena tadapekSaNAt / astu doSAbhAvo'pyadhiko bhAvastu neSyate iti cet / bhavedapyevaM yadi niyamena doSairbhAvarUpaireva bhavitavyam, na tvevam / ... tasmAdyathA dveSarAgAbhAvAvinAbhAve'pi rAgadveSayoranuvidhAnaniyamAt pravRttinivRttiprayatnayo rAgadveSakAraNakatvam, na tu nivRttiprayatno dveSahetukaH pravRttiprayatnastu satyapi rAgAnuvidhAne dveSAbhAvahetuka iti vibhAgo yujyate, vizeSAbhAvAt, tathA prakRte'pi / - nyAyakusumAMjali, pR. 213-218 (kAzI saMskRta sirija 1957) 10. ahIM koI sUcave ke mAtra rAga ke dveSathI ja mANasa kriyA karavA prerAya che evuM nathI paraMtu keTalIka vAra upekSAbhAvathI paNa te kriyA karavA prerAya che. Ama traNa prakAranI kriyA saMbhave che - rAgaprerita pravRtti (vastune prApta karavAnI kriyA),

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jJAnanuM pramANa svataH ke parataH ? 171 dveSaprerita nivRtti (vastune TALavAnI ke tenAthI dUra rahevAnI kriyA) ane upekSAbhAvaprerita na-pravRtti-na-nivRtti kriyA. AnI sAme kahevuM joIe ke hakIkatamAM sAco upekSAbhAva tenA viSayathI dUra rahevAmAM (nivRttimAM) pariNamavo joIe. game tema paNa udayanAcAryanA udAharaNe je rAgathI paNa prerAtI na hoya ke dveSathI paNa prerAtI na hoya evI na-pravRtti-na-nivRtti kriyAnI zakyatAno niSedha karavo ja joIe - je kriyAnI sAthe samAnatA na-pramANa-naapramANa prakAranA jJAnanI thAya. yathA pravRttau doSAbhAvahetukatve nivRttau rAgAbhAvahetukatve satyapi upekSAjJAnAdapi pravRttinivRttI syAtAmiti rAgadveSayoH pravRttinivRttihetutvamityekaikAbhAvo'nyathAsiddhaH, tathA pramA'pramayorapi guNadoSau na tu doSAbhAvaguNAbhAvau / kusumAMjaliprakAza, pR0 217 11. dvividhaM kAryaM bhavati samyagasamyagvA, tatra guNavatA kAraNena samyak kAryamutpadyate doSavatA tvasamyak iti / nirdoSaM nirguNaM vA'pi na samastyeva kAraNam / aMta eva na tRtIyasya kAryasyAsti saMbhavaH / / samyagjJAnotpAdakaM kArakarmi svarUpAtiriktasvagatadharmasApekSaM kAryanirvartakamiti sAdhyo dharmaH, kArakatvAt, mithyAjJAnotpAdakakArakavat / nyAyamaMjarI (tRtIyamAhnikam), pR0 45-46 12. svataH sarvapramANAnAM prAmANyamiti gamyatAm / na hi svato'satI zaktiH kartumanyena zakyate // 47 // AtmalAbhe ca bhAvAnAM kAraNApekSatA bhavet / labdhAtmanAM svakAryeSu pravRttiH svayameva tu // 48 // (TIkA - ghaTo hi mRtpiNDAdikaM svajanmanyevApekSate nodakAharaNe'pi / tathA jJAnamapi svotpattau guNavaditaradvA kAraNamapekSatAM nAma, svakArye tu viSayanizcaye'napekSameveti / ) jAte'pi yadi vijJAne tava naartho'vdhaaryte| yAvatkAraNazuddhatvaM na pramANAntarAd bhavet // 49 // tatra jJAnAntaropAdaH pratIkSyaH kAraNAntarAt / yAvaddhi na paricchinnA zuddhistAvadasatsamA // 50 // tasyApi kAraNe zuddhe tajjJAne syAt pramANatA / tasyApyevamitIcchaMzca na kvacid vyavatiSThate // 5 // yadA svataH pramANatvaM tadAnyanaiva gRhyate / nivartate hi mithyAtvaM doSAjJAnAdayatnataH // 52 //

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna ( TIkA - jJAyamAnA hi doSAH prAmANyaM vighnantIti tadajJAnAdeva tadapavAdakaM mithyAtvaM nivartate, tadajJAnaM cAyatnasiddhamiti na kAcidanavastheti / ) 172 tasmAd bodhAtmakatvena prAptA buddheH pramANatA / arthAnyathAtvahetUtthadoSajJAnAdapodyate // 53 // zlokavArtika, codanAsUtra 1. 3. viSayAntarasadRzamAlambya agRhItavivekaM yat jJAnamutpannaM tatsadRzaviSayAntare smRtihetutAM pratipadyate smarAmIti jJAnazUnyasya / upapannAni tAvat zuktikAdiSu rajatAdijJAnAni.... / (TIkA-tatra yadi yathAjJAnameva vastu na tarhi viparItatvam / atha viparItatvaM na tarhi yathAjJAnamevAlambanam / uttrm...| viSayAntaraM rajatAt zuktikAM rajatasadRzImAlambyedamityagRhItavizeSaM rajatAt bhedAvagamahetavo ye zuktikAyAM vizeSAstAnindriyadoSeNa sato'pyagRhItvA sAdhAraNAneva zuktikAyA dharmAn gRhNato yat jJAnamutpannaM tatsadRzAntare smRtijJAnahetutAM pratipadyate / doSavazAt khaNDitazukti manasyanubhUtAvamarzAbhAvena smarAmIti jJAnazUnyasya / tena gRhyamANasmaryamANayorbhedo nAvasIyate / vijJAnadvayaM caitat idamiti pratyakSaM rajatamiti smaraNam, anyathA rajatAvagatyasaMbhavAt / na hi tadindriyajam, tena samprayogAbhAvAt / asaMyukte cendriyaM vijJAnaM na janayati / andhasyAnutpAdAt / smaraNamevedam / upapannAni tAvacchuktikAdiSu * rajatAdijJAnAni smRtirUpatayA .... 1) - bRhatI pR0 50-51 I 14. evaM prAmANyaM parato jJAyate, anabhyAsadazAyAM sAMzayikatvAt, aprAmANyavat / yadi tu svato jJAyeta kadAcidapi prAmANyasaMzayo na syAt, jJAnatvasaMzayavat / nizci tadanavakAzAt / na hi sAdhakabAdhakapramANamavadhUya samAnadharmAdidarzanAdevAsau, tathA sa tadanucchedaprasaMgAt / atha pramANavadapramANe'pi tatpratyayadarzanAd vizeSAdarzanAd bhavati zaMketyabhiprAyaH, tatkiM pramANajJAnopalambhe'pi na prAmANyamupalabdhaM pramANajJAnameva vA nopalabdham ? Adye kathaM svataH prAmANyagrahaH, pratyayapratItAvapi tadapratIteH, dvitIye kathaM tatra zaMkA, dharmiNa evAnupalabdheriti / yadapi jhaTiti pracuratarasamarthapravRttyanyathAnupapattyA svataH prAmANyamucyate, tadapi nAsti / anyathaivopapatteH / jhaTiti pravRttistarhi jhaTiti tatkAraNopanipAtamantareNAnupapadyamAnA tamAkSipet, pracurapravRttirapi svakAraNaprAcuryAt, icchA ca pravRtteH kAraNam / tatkAraNamapISTAbhyupAyatAjJAnam, tadapi tajjAtIyatvaliMgAnubhavaprabhavam, so'pIndriyasannikarSAdijanmA, na tu prAmANyagrahasya kvacidupayogaH / upayoge vA svata eveti kuta etat / tataH samarthapravRttiprAcuryamapi prAmANyaprAcuryAt tadgrahaNaprAcuryAd vA / svatastvaM tu tasya kopayujyate ? na hi pipAsUnAM jhaTiti pracurA samarthA ca pravRttirambhasIti pipAsopazamazaktistasya pratyakSA syAt / - nyAyakusumAMjali, pR. 220 - 230 1.5. nanu astUktalakSaNaM pramANam, tatprAmANyaM tu svataH parato vA nizcIyeta ? na tAvat svataH, taddhi svasaMviditatvAt jJAnamityeva gRhNIyAt na punaH samyaktvalakSaNaM prAmANyam www.jajnelibrary.org

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jJAnanuM prAmANya svataHke parataH? 173 jJAnatvamAtraM tu pramANAbhAsasAdhAraNam / api ca svataH prAmANye sarveSAmavipratipatti.... prasaGgaH / nApi parataH, paraM hi tagocaragocaraM vA jJAnam abhyupeyeta, arthakriyAni saM vA, taMgocaranAntarIyakArthadarzanaM vA ? tacca sarvaM svato'navadhRtaprAmANyamavyavasthitaM sat kathaM pUrva pravartakaM jJAnaM vyavasthApayet ? svato vA'sya prAmANye ko'parAdhaH pravartakajJAnasya yena tasyApi tanna syAt ? na ca prAmANyaM jJAyate svata ityuktameva, paratastvanavasthetyAzaGyAha - prAmANyanizcayaH svataH parato vaa| prAmANyanizcayaH kvacit svataH yathAbhyAsadazApanne svakaratalAdijJAne, snAnapAnAvagAhanodanyopazamAdAvarthakriyAni se vA pratyakSajJAne; na hi tatra parIkSAkAGgAsti prekSAvatAm, tathAhi - jalajJAnam, tato dAhapipAsAtasya tatra pravRttiH, tatastatprAptiH, tataH snAnapAnAdIni, tato dAhodanyopazama ityetAvataiva bhavati kRtI pramAtA, na punardAhodanyopazamajJAnamapi parIkSate ityasya svataH eva prAmANyam / anumAne tu sarvasminnapi sarvathA nirastasamastavyabhicArAzake svata eva prAmANyam, avyabhicAriligasamutthatvAt; na ligAkAraM jJAnaM likaM vinA, na ca liga liginaM vineti / kacit parataH prAmANyanizcayaH, yathA anabhyAsadazApanne pratyakSe / na hi tat arthena gRhItAvyabhicAramiti tadekaviSayAta saMvAdakAt jJAnAntarAdvA, arthakriyAnirbhAsAdvA, nAntarIyArthadarzanAdvA tasya prAmANyaM nizcIyate / teSAM ca svataH prAmANyanizcayAt nAnavasthAdidausthyAvakAzaH / pramANamImAMsAvRtti, 1.1.8 16. hemacaMdra rajU karelo parataH prAmANya viruddhano pUrvapakSa nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA (sata saMskRta sirija, 1831, pR.3)mAMcI akSaraza: 68vesa che. 15 sUcaka to e che ke pUrvapakSa viruddhano tarka paNa - ati saMkSipta hovA chatAM - tattvataH nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkAnA tarka jevo ja che, keTaleka sthaLe to zabdasAmya 59 / che. (tumo nyAyapAti tAtparyaTast, pR. 8-8). dharmatanA nyAya graMthanI dharmottarakRta TIkA upara TIkA lakhanAra durvekamie paNa evo ja tarka Apyo cha, seleo rI cha. zubho nIthenuM uddharaNa : prApaNazaktireva jJAnasya prAmANyam |...shktinishcystvrthkriyaani sasya sarvasyAnumAnasya ca svataH eva / pravartakAdhyakSasya ca kasyacit svataH eva yadabhyAsena parito nirastavibhramAzaGkam... / kasyacit tu parato'kriyAnirbhAsAtmakAt svataH prAmANyAdanyato vA yataH kutazcinnAntarIyakArthadarzanAt madhyakAlavartibhrAntizaGkApanodena nizcayita iti / dharmottarapradIpa, (PNALE OmyasvAla risartha rITayUTa, 1885), pR. 19

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bhAratIya tArkikonI pratyakSa viSayaka carcA (1) gautama Adi prAcIna naiyAyikoe pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna ane zabda e cAra ja pramANo svIkAryA hatAM, ane e emanI sAmAnya samaja hatI ke vastuviSayaka avyabhicArI jJAnane pramANa kahevAya. paraMtu e taiyAyikone eka evA yogijJAna (ane teya avyabhicArI)nI saMbhAvanAmAM vizvAsa hato je na to indriyasannikRSTa vastuviSayaka hoya ke na to anumAna, upamAna athavA zabdanI koTinuM hoya. zUnyavAda tathA vijJAnavAdI mahAyAnI dArzanikoe e matanI sthApanA karI ke yogijJAna pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna tathA zabda AmAMthI koI paNa koTimAM nathI AvI zakatuM pratyakSakoTamAM eTalA mATe nahi ke te indriyArthasannikarSajanya nathI; tathA anumAna, upamAna, zabdanI koTimAM eTalA mATe nahi ke te jJAnAntaranipekSa (=nirvikalpaka) che (jyAre anumAna, upamAna, tathA zabda jJAnAntarasApekSa che). potAnA A matanI sahAyatAthI e mahAyAnI dArzanikoe potAnA e mULa maMtavyanuM samarthana karavAne icchayuM ke satya be koTinuM hoya che : eka pAramArthika, bIjuM vyAvahArika; kAraNa ke ene AdhAre teo kahI zake ke pAramArthika satyano bodha (avagati) karAvanAruM yogijJAna pAramArthika pramANa che tathA vyAvahArika satyano bodha karAvanArAM pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna tema ja zabdapramANa vyAvahArika pramANa che. A rIte satyane tikoTika na mAnanArA taiyAyikonI sAme e samasyA AvIne UbhI ke yogizAnane eka sunizcita pramANanuM pada kaI rIte ApavuM. have e to spaSTa hatuM ke yogijJAna jJAnAntarasApekSa (=savikalpa) nathI, ethI anumAna, upamAna athavA zabdamAM eno antarbhAva karavo nitAnta asaMbhava hato; paraMtu sAthe sAthe yogijJAna indriyasannikarSajanya na hovAne kAraNe eno antarbhAva pratyakSamAM karavAnuM paNa saraLa na hatuM. hA, pratyakSanuM eka evuM lakSaNapraNayana saMbhavita hatuM je indriyapratyakSa ane yogizAna banneya upara lAgu thaI zake, ane naiyAyikoe e karyuM paNa kharuM. A rIte teo kahI zakyA ke satya ekakoTika che ane yogijJAnasahita badhAM ja pramANo e satyanI avagati karAvanArAM che. (A prastuta carcAmAM saraLatA khAtara ame IzvarajJAnane yogiphAnano eka

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bhAratIya tArkikonI pratyakSaviSayaka carcA 175 prakAravizeSa mAnIne cAlyA chIe, kAraNa ke IzvarajJAnanI kalpanA paNa yogijJAnanI jema IndriyAjanya, nirvikalpaka tathA avyabhicArInA rUpamAM karavAmAM AvI che.) kaMIka AvI jAtanI samasyA - joke taddana bhinna kAraNone laIne - jena dArzanikonI samakSa paNa upasthita thaI. jenonI Agamika mAnyatA anusAra te ja jJAna pratyakSa kahevAya jene prApta karavAmAM AtmAne koI paNa upakaraNanI jarUra na paDe. anumAna, upamAna, tathA zabda jevAM savikalpa jJAnonA viSayamAM kahevAyuM che ke temane prApta karavA AtmAne mananI sahAyatAnI AvazyakatA rahe che, tathA indriyapratyakSane vize kahyuM che ke 'tene arjita karavA AtmAne indriyonI madada levI paDe che. A rIte jaina dArzanikone mate avadhi, mana:paryAya ane kevala A traNa prakAranAM jJAna ja (jemane saraLatA khAtara ame yogijJAnanA traNa prakAra mAnIne cAlIe chIe) pratyakSa kahevAvAne adhikArI che. paraMtu indriyArthasagnikarSajanya jJAnane pratyakSAntarbhata na mAnavuM e kaMI saraLa kAma na hatuM. eTale jene dArzanikonI sAme paNa samasyA AvI ke pratyakSanuM eka evuM lakSaNa banAvavuM je yogijJAna tathA indriyapratyakSa banneyane lAgu pADI zake. Ama ApaNe joIe chIe ke naiyAyika (ane emanA samAnatatrIya vaizeSika) dArzaniko sAme tema ja jaina dArzaniko sAme bhale judAM judAM kAraNone laIne ho paNa eka ja samasyA AvIne khaDI thaI ane te e ke pratyakSanuM eka evuM lakSaNa banAvavuM je yogijJAna tathA indriyapratyakSa bannene lAgu paDe. mImAMsA dArzanikonI samakSa A samasyA eTalA mATe upasthita na thaI kema ke temane yogijJAnanI saMbhAvanAmAM ja vizvAsa na hato (ane IzvaranA astitvamAMya na hato). nyAya-vaizeSika tathA jena tArkikoe pratyakSalakSaNapraNayananI samasyAno ukela lAvavA aneka rIte prayAsa karyo che. keTalAka tArkikoe to pratyakSanA paryAyavAcI koI zabdavizeSane ja pratyakSanuM lakSaNa gaNI lIdhuM. udAharaNArtha, siddhasena divAkare tema ja bhAsarvaze "aparokSa jJAnane ane udayanAcArye "sAkSAtkAri jJAna ne pratyakSanA lakSaNarUpe prastuta karyuM. keTalAka jaina tArkikoe (udAharaNa tarIke akalaMka, hemacaMdra ane yazovijayajIe) vizada athavA skuTa jJAnane pratyakSanA lakSaNarUpe ApyuM, paraMtu A kaMI samasyAnuM samAdhAna na hatuM kAraNa ke tyAre prazna UThe che ke "vizadatA athavA phuTatAnI zAstrIya paribhASA zI hoI zake? akaleke 'anumAnAdinI apekSAe eka viziSTa koTinI arthapratIti'ne vizadatAnuM lakSaNa gayuM, paraMtu A mAnavuM 'aparokSa jJAna'ne pratyakSanuM lakSaNa mAnIe enA jevuM ja che. gaMgeze "jJAnAkaraNaka jJAnane tathA hemacaMdra pramANAntaranirapekSa jJAna ne pratyakSanA lakSaNarUpe ApyuM che, A banne lakSaNa tattvataH samAna che paraMtu emane savikalpa pratyakSa para lAgu pADavAmAM muzkelI paDe che. (jo ke gaMgeza ane hemacaMdra banneya savikalpakoTinA pratyakSanI saMbhAvanA svIkAre che).

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176 bhAratIya tattvajJAna indriyArthasannikarSajanya jJAna te te smRtivizeSanuM uddabodhaka banIne ukta arthanA te te svarUpavizeSanA nizcAyaka jJAnanuM nimitta bane che. A mAnyatA nyAya-vaizeSika tathA jaina tArkikonI ja nathI balka bauddha tathA mImAMsaka tArkikonI paNa che. A indriyArthasatrikarSajanya jJAnane nirvikalpaka tathA A svarUpaviroSanizcAyaka jJAnane savikalpaka mAnavAnI bAbatamAM paNa A badhA tArkiko ekamata che. hA, eTaluM avazya che ke bauddha tArkika A nirvikalpaka jJAnane ja "pratyakSa saMjJA Ape che ane A savikalpaka jJAnane pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpa" athavA "sAMvRta" mAtra kahe che, jyAre jena tArkika A savikalpaka jJAnane ja pratyakSa saMjJA Ape che ane nirvikalpaka jJAnane 'darzana' mAtra kahe che. A banneyathI UlaTuM, nyAya-vaizeSika tathA mImAMsaka tArkika A nirvikalpaka jJAnane nirvikalpaka pratyakSa ane savikalpaka jJAnane 'savikalpaka pratyakSa saMjJA Ape che. AvI dazAmAM savikalpaka pratyakSane, je anivAryarUpe smRtisApekSa che, jJAnAntaranirapekSa na kahI zakAya. tethI savikalpaka pratyakSane ja ekamAtra pratyakSa mAnanAra ane smRtine pramANAntara gaNanAra hemacaMdra pramANAntaranirapekSa jJAnane pratyakSanA lakSaNarUpe na ApI zake. A rIte gaMgeza paNa "jJAnAkaraNaka jJAna' A pratyakSalakSaNane savikalpaka pratyakSa upara lAgu nahi karI zake. gaMgeze A prakAranI muzkelIne dhyAnamAM rAkhIne ja pratyakSajananamAM smRtinI bhUmikAnA prazna para mauna dhAraNa karyuM che tathA jJAnAntaranirapekSa padane sthAne "jJAnAkaraNaka' padane potAnA pratyakSalakSaNamAM dAkhala karyuM che. gaMgeza evI rIte vAta kare che jANe nirvikalpaka pratyakSa svataH (arthAt smRtinI sahAyatA vinA ja) savikalpaka pratyakSane janma detuM na hoya! jo ema kaho ke savikalpaka pratyakSajananopayogI smRtine gaMgeza "nirvikalpaka pratyakSa'mAM antabhUrti mAne che to e prazna Ubho thAya ke smRtisApekSa savikalpaka pratyakSa pramANa tathA smRtisApekSa anumAna, upamAna tema ja zabda pramANonI vacce tAttvika antara zuM rahyuM? ema kahI zakAya ke savikalpaka pratyakSanI kAraNabhUta smRtinuM kAraNa koI jJAnaviroSa na hoI indriyArthasannikarSa mAtra che (arthAt emake savikalpaka pratyakSanuM kAraNa bhale smRtirUpa jJAnavizeSa ho paraMtu enuM karaNa koI jJAnavizeSa nathI) jyAre anumAna, upamAna, tathA zabdapramANone vize Ama na kahI zakAya; paraMtu A kahevuM eTalA mATe saMgata nahi thAya kema ke indriyArthasasirSa smRtinuM janana sAkSAt na karatAM ukata arthaviSayaka anubhUtinA janana dvArA kare che. vastutaH indriyArthasannikarSajanya A arthaviSayaka anubhUti ja prAcIna bhAratIya tArkikonuM nirvikalpaka jJAna che, ane A nirvikalpaka jJAna ja smRtivizeSanA uddabodha dvArA savikalpaka jJAnane janma de che. kahevAno Azaya eTalo ja che ke indriyAsanikarSa tathA savikalpaka jJAnanI vacce be kaDIonA sthAne eka kaDInI kalpanA karavAno gaMgezano prayatna saphaLa nathI, yogya nathI. eTale, saraLatA pratyakSotpattinI prakriyAmAM nimna

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177 bhAratIya tArkikonI pratyakSaviSayaka carcA likhita cAra kramika sopAna mAnavAmAM raheze : 1. IndriyArthasatrikarSa 3. smRtivizeSa 2. arthaviSayaka indriyAnubhUti 4. arthaviSayaka savikalpaka jJAna. bhAratIya tArkikono pArasparika matabheda e praznane laIne nathI ke pratyakSotpattinI prakriyAnAM uparyukta cAra sopAna mAnavAke nahi, paraMtu e praznane laIne che ke dvitIya tathA caturtha sopAnane kaI saMjJA ApavI? upara kahyA pramANe, bauddha tArkika dvitIya sopAnane pratyakSa tathA cothAne pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpa" athavA "sAMvRta" kaheze, jena tArkika dvitIya sopAnane darzana' tathA caturthane pratyakSa kahero, jyAre nyAyavaizeSika tema ja mImAMsA tArkika dvitIya sopAnane nirvikalpaka pratyakSa tathA caturthane 'savikalpaka pratyakSa kaheze. A rItano saMjJAsaMbaMdhI matabheda to Adhunika mAnasazAstrIomAM paNa virala nathI. udAharaNArtha, keTalAka mAnasazAstrIo dvitIya sopAnane perception tathA caturthane understanding kahevAnuM pasaMda karaze (A mata boddha jevo thaze). keTalAka dvitIyane sensation tathA caturyane perception kahevAnuM pasaMda karaze (A mata jaina jevo thaze). ane keTalAka dvitIyane indeterminate perception tathA caturthane determinate perception kahevAnuM pasaMda karaze (A mata nyAyazeSika tathA mImAMsA jevo thaze). vastutaH eka IndriyasagnikRSTa arthanA svarUpaviSayaka (=svarUpanizcAyaka) yAvat jJAnane (ukta arthaviSayaka indriyAnubhUtine nahi) pratyakSa pramANa saMjJA ApavI ucita thaze. ukta arthaviSayaka indriyAnubhUtine pratyakSa pramANa saMjJA devI eTalA mATe ucita nahi gaNAya kema ke jJAnanA prAmANyanuM niyAmaka e jJAnano svaviSayabhUta arthanI sAthe avyabhicAra che, jyAre arthaviSayaka indriyAnubhUtinA saMbaMdhamAM e prazna ja UThato nathI ke teno viSayabhUta arthanI sAthe AvyabhicAra che ke vyabhicAra? . daMtayA pratibhAsazAlI samyaguru jJAna pratyakSa pramANa che? A hemacaMdrIya lakSaNano e arthamAM ja svIkAra karavo joIe, arthAt A lakSaNamAM AvelA IdaMtayA padano artha 'indriyasannikRSTatayA" karavo joIe pachI bhalene e artha svayaM hemacaMdrane svIkRta na hoya. hemacandra dvArA A arthano asvIkAra thavAnuM kAraNa haze temano (anya jaina, bauddha, tathA nyAyavaizeSika tArkikonI jema) ikriyArthasatrikaijanya pratyakSanI saMbhAvanAmAM vizvAsa; paraMtu e kahevAnI jarUra nathI ke Adhunika tArkikane mate e vizvAsa asvIkArya ja gaNAze. (2). jJAnaprAptinAM be mULabhUta upakaraNa che IndriyAnubhUti tathA tadAdhArita vicArazRMkhalA( = vikalpazRMkhalA). ahIM e nirvivAdarUpe svIkAravuM paDaze ke arthaviSayaka indriyAnubhUtivizeSanuM kAraNa hoya che te arthano koI indriyavizeSanI

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178 bhAratIya tattvajJAna sAthe sannikarSa." prazna thAya che ke indriyAnubhUtino vAdhArita vicArazRMkhalAnI sAthe saMbaMdha kaI jAtano hoya che. TUMkamAM A praznano uttara e che ke indriyAnubhUti para AdhArita ( tatkRSThabhAvI) vicArazRMkhalA sAkSAt e arthavizeSano svarUpanizcaya karAve che, je arthavizeSano indriyanI sAthe sannikarSa thatAM pariNAme A indriyAnubhUtino janma thayo hoya che. paraMtu paraMparAthI te vicArazRMkhalA e badhA ja arthono svarUpanizcaya paNa karAvI zake che, je arthonI sAthe A arthavizeSano kAryakAraNasaMbaMdha ukta indriyAnubhUtinA kartAne nizcitarUpe jJAta hoya. A samagra prakriyA para kaMIka vistArathI vicAra karIe. pratyeka indriyAnubhUti te anubhUtinA kartAne svasadaza pUrvAnubhUtionuM tathA temanA dvArA te anubhUtionA janakabhUta '(= viSayabhUta) arthanuM smaraNa karAvavAmAM ochevatte aMze samartha bane che. anubhUtirtA jANe che ke sadaza anubhUtionuM kAraNa hoya che sadaza arthono indriyanI sAthe sannikarSa, ane AvI vastusthiti hoIne vartamAna IndriyAnubhUtinA samaye thanAruM tatsadazapUrvAnubhUtionuM smaraNa anubhUtikartAne e nizcaya para laI jAya che ke A vartamAna indriyAnubhUtino janakabhUta (= viSayabhUta) artha paNa evA svarUpavALo ja hovo joIe jevA svarUpavALo pelI pUrvAnubhUtiono janakabhUta = viSayabhUta) artha hato. A rIte sadazasvarUpavALA arthanA viSayamAM pharI pharIne thanArI indriyAnubhUti anubhUtikartAne e arthonA svarUpano adhikAdhika nizcaya karAvavAne samartha bane che. Ama to A prakriyA prANImAtrane sAmAnya che, paraMtu manuSyajAtimAM te prauDhatAnI parAkASThAe pahoMcI gaI che; enuM mULabhUta kAraNa che manuSyajAti dvArA bhASAno AviSkAra. bhASAnI sahAyatAne kAraNe manuSyane mATe e saMbhavita bane che ke te arthanA svarUpa vizenI e bAbatone paNa jANI le je enA vyaktigata anubhavano viSaya kadApi banI na hatI. A kAraNe ja koI vartamAna anubhUta arthanA vize enI saMjJA zI che eno nizcaya jyAre manuSya kare che tyAre tene e arthanA svarUpano adhikAdhika nizcaya karavA mATe e vastunI AvazyaktA nathI rahetI ke teNe e arthanA vize potAne thayelI vyaktigata pUrvAnubhUtionuM ja smaraNa karavuM; kAraNa ke have te te saMjJAvALA arthanA viSayamAM potAne thayelI yAvatuM prAmANika jANakArIno - jeno moTo bhAga tene prAmANika puruSavacanomAMthI prApta thayo che - upayoga e arthanA svarUpano adhikAdhika nizcaya karavA mATe karI zake che. koI arthavizeSanA svarUpano nizcaya karavAne 1. jo ke evAya dArzaniko thayA che jemaNe bAhyarthanI vAstaviktAno InakAra karIneya indriyAnubhUtionI vAstaviktAno svIkAra karyo che, paraMtu vastutaH indriyAnubhUtionuM kadAcitva bAhyarthanI vAstaviktAne mAnyA vinA koI paNa rIte upapanna nahi thAya. A ja be mata kramazaH vijJAnavAda tathA bAhyArthavAdanA mUla mantavyarUpa che, ane vijJAnavAdane nirupapattika tathA bAhyArthavAdane sopapattika mAnIne ahIM vivecana karavAmAM Ave che.

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bhAratIya tArkikonI pratyakSaviSayaka carcA 179 mATe be bAbata jANavI Avazyaka che : (1) arthavizeSanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI zI che, (2) arthavizeSa dvArA saMpAdita kAryo kyAM kyAM che. vastutaH aneka arthavizeSone eka sAmAnya saMjJA ApIe chIe teno AdhAra ja e hoya che ke temanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI tathA emanA dvArA saMpAdita kAryo ekasarakhAM che. ane jyAM sudhI jJAnaprAptinI prakriyAne lAgevaLage che tyAM sudhI ApaNe kahI zakIe ke artha dvArA janita indriyAnubhUtio te artha dvArA janita kAryomAM pramukha sthAne rahe che, kAraNa ke amuka eka artha dvArA janita keTalIka indriyAnubhUtionA AdhAre ja anubhUtikartA e arthanI saMjJA nizcita karI le che, pachI bhalene e saMjJAnizcaya bAda ene e jANavAnI vizeSa AvazyakatA na rahe ke e artha bIjI kaI kaI indriyAnubhUtiono janaka che. A rIte vicAravAthI ApaNane khyAla Ave che ke amuka indriyasannikRSTa arthanA svarUpa vizenA nizcayAtmaka jJAna tathA e arthanI sAthe kAryakAraNabhAva dharAvatA arthonA svarUpa vizenA nizcayAtmaka jJAnanI vacce koI bahu UMDI vibhAjanarekhA nathI. bauddha tArkikonI bhASAmAM kahIe to, amuka arthanA viSayamAM pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpanI sahAyatAthI thanAra svarUpanizcaya ane e arthanA kAryakAraNanA viSayamAM kAryakAraNabhAvamUlaka anumAnanI sahAyatAthI thanAra svarUpanizcaya banneya tattvataH eka ja koTinI prakriyAo che. paraMtu, to pachI prazna UThe che ke bauddha tArkikoe (kAryakAraNabhAvamUlaka) anumAnane pramANa tathA pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpane apramANa kema mAnyuM? "pramANa' zabdano sIdho artha hovo joIe vastuviSayaka AvyabhicArI jJAna" tathA "apramANa" zabdano "vastuviSayaka vyabhicArI jJAnaAvuM hoIne pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpane apramANa kahevAno Azaya e thAya ke pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vivakalpanI sahAyatAthI thanAruM vastuviSayaka jJAna vyabhicArI che. paraMtu bauddha tArkikono Avo Azaya hoI zake nahi, kAraNa ke temaNe 'vastusvarUpanA nizcAyaka pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpa' ane 'vastusvarUpanA anizcAyaka pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpa' vacce bheda pADaDyo che ane te A prakAre che : "je kAryakAraNabhAvane AdhAre aneka arthavizeSone eka saMjJAvizeSa apAya che te kAryakAraNabhAvathI sampanna arthane saMjJA ApanAra pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpa vastusvarUpano nizcAyaka che ane e kAryakAraNabhAvazUnya arthane te saMjJA denAra pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpa vastusvarUpano anizcAyaka che. AthI e spaSTa thAya che ke bauddha tArkikoe pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vivakalpane koI bIjA ja arthamAM apramANa kahyo che; e artha upara thoDoka vicAra karI laIe. ApaNe joyuM ke bauddha tArkikoe indriyArthasannikarSajanya arthaviSayaka indriyAnubhUtine ja "pratyakSapramANa' saMjJA ApI che, paraMtu vastutaH pramANa-apramANano bheda nizciyakArI zAnonI vacce ja karI zakAya jyAre indriyAnubhUti e koI nizcayakArI jJAna nathI. prakArAntarathI bauddha tArkikoe A hakIkatano svIkAra paNa karyo che, kAraNa ke emanI evI mAnyatA che ke artha pratyakSano

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna 180 viSaya sarvatovyAvRttarUpathI ane zabdasaMketano viSaya amutovyAvRtta rUpathI bane che; paraMtu Ano artha e thayo ke arthanA vize pratyakSa vadhumAM vadhu eTaluM jJAna karAvI zake ke amuka deza-kAlamAM e arthanuM astitva che jyAre e arthanA amuka dharma( =prakAra)nA vizenuM jJAna karavAne mATe ApaNe amuka zabdasaMketano Azaro levo paDaze. bauddha tArkike mAnI lIdhuM ke jema amuka zabdasaMketa arthanA amuka dharmanuM jJApana karAve che ane te dvArA e arthanI e dharmazUnya badhA ja arthothI je vyAvRtti tenuM jJApana karAve che, tevI ja rIte pratyakSa e arthanI snetara samasta arthothI je vyAvRtti tenuM jJApana karAve che ane te dvArA e arthanA svagata samasta dharmonuM jJApana karAve che. A samaja spaSTatAH bhrAnta che ane enuM kaMIka bhAna svayaM bauddha tArkikone hatuM; eTale ja to emaNe pratyakSa dvArA thanAra e arthanA sarvadharmaviSayaka jJAnane e dharmonuM darzana kahyuM tathA amuka zabdasaMketa dvArA thanAra e arthanA amuka dharmaviSayaka jJAnane e dharmano nizcaya kahyo. paraMtu e to niHzaMka che ke potAnI A bhrAnta samajane laIne bauddha tArkikoe pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpane apramANa jAhera karyo che; kAraNa ke emaNe ema vicAryuM ke jyAre arthanA samasta dharmonuM jJAna ( = darzanAtmaka jJAna) pratyakSa karAvI ja de che to pachI pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpa dvArA thanAruM e arthanA amuka dharmonuM jJAna ( = nizcayAtmaka jJAna) piSTapeSaNa hoIne pramANa kema lekhI zakAya ? paraMtu hamaNAM ja ApaNe joyuM tema, pramANa-apramANano bheda nizcayakArI jJAnonI vacce ja karI zakAya, jyAre indriyAnubhUti e koI nizcayakArI jJAna nathI; AvI paristhitimAM bauddha tArkikoe indriyAnubhUtine pratyakSa pramANa kahevI ane pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpane apramANa kahevo e to vastusthitine sAva UlaTI jovA barAbara che. jJAnaprAptinI prakriyAmAM indriyAnubhUti eka vikalpapUrvabhAvI sopAna hoIne ene nirvikalpaka kahevI e to ThIka ja che, paraMtu enI e nirvikalpakatAne kAraNe ene 'pramANa' saMjJAthI ja nahi paNa e saMjJAnI yogyatAthI paNa vaMcita rahevuM paDaze. jaina tArkikoe nirvikalpaka jJAnane koI paNa rIte pramANa nahi mAnIne yogya ja karyuM che, tathA sArataH A ja dRSTikoNa nyAyavaizeSika ane mImAMsaka tArkikono hoya ema lAge che. hA, gaMgero 'jJAnAkaraNaka jJAna'ne ane hemacaMdre 'pramANAntaranirapekSa jJAnane pratyakSanA lakSaNarUpe prastuta karyuM temAM nirvikalpaka jJAna ja pratyakSa pramANa che e bauddha siddhAMtano prabhAva varatAya che; paraMtu ApaNe joyuM tema, gaMgeza ane hemacandranAM A lakSaNo 2. zabdasaMta dvArA thanArA arthaviSayaka jJAnane pramANakoTimAM (kaho ke pramANakoTinI samIpa) lAvavAnA uddezyathI enI gRhItagrAhitAne dUra karavAno prayatna paNa boddha tArkikoe karyo che. udAharaNArthe, emaNe kahyuM ke pratyakSa ane zabdasaMta banneya artha vize ja jJAna karAve che, phera mAtra eTalo ja ke pratyakSa tenuM jJAna vidhirUpathI karAve che jyAre zabdasaMketa tenuM jJAna atavyAvRttirUpe karAve che. paraMtu jyAre bauddha tArkikone mate vibhinna arthone eka zabdathI abhihita karavAnuM kAraNa te arthono sadaza kAryakAraNabhAva che to pachI zabdasaMta dvArA thanAruM arthaviSayaka jJAna vidhirUpa nahi paNa mAtra atavyAvRttirUpa e kaI rIte bane ?

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181 bhAratIya tArkikonI pratyakSaviSayaka carcA savikalpaka pratyakSane lAgu paDatAM na hoIne pratyakSa pramANamAM e nirdoSa lakSaNo na banI zake. A rIte akalaMka Adi jaina tArkikoe 'phuTa athavA vizada jJAna ne pratyakSanA lakSaNarUpe ApyuM temAMya bauddha paraMparAno prabhAva che; paraMtu inDiyAnubhUtine ja pramANa mAnanAra ema kahI zake ke pratyakSa (= nirvikalpaka) jJAna skuTa athavA vizada koTinuM ane pratyakSetara (=savikalpaka) jJAna akhuTa athavA avizada koTinuM hoya che, jyAre pratyakSa tathA pratyakSetara banneya prakAranA jJAna(pramANabhUta jJAna)ne savikalpaka mAnanAra akalaMka vagere jena tArkiko emanA kahI zake ke pratyakSa jJAna skuTa athavA vizada koTinuM hoya che ane pratyakSetra jJAna akhuTa athavA avizada koTinuM. A kAraNe ja skuTa athavA vizada jJAna ne pratyakSanA lakSaNarUpe prastuta karyA pachI jena tArkikonI samakSa juTatA athavA vizadatA'nuM lakSaNa karavAnI samasyA UbhI thAya che; udAharaNArtha, hemacaMdra dvArA upasthApita uparyukta be pratyakSa lakSaNo vastutaH vaizadya'nAM lakSaNa che, jyAre pratyakSanuM lakSaNa to hemacaMdra "vizada jJAna ja kyuM che. ahIM e prazna thavo svAbhAvika che ke bauddha tArkikoe arthaviSayaka nirvikalpaka pratyakSane e arthanA samasta dharmonuM sAkSAt jJAna karAvanAruM kema jAhera karyuM ?-bhalene eno artha game te kema na hoya. A praznano nirvivAda uttara Apavo mukela che. ema lAge che ke e tArkikoe koI paNa savikalpaka pramANamAM evI yogyatA na joI - ane barAbara rIte ja -- je arthavizeSanA samasta dharmonuM jJAna karAvI zake (joke emaNe anumAna tathA prAmANika puruSavacanamAM evI yogyatA avazya joI ke jene laIne te arthavizeSanA adhikAdhika dharmonuM jJAna karAvatuM rahe. ane A temanI vAta ThIka paNa che); paraMtu sAthe sAthe e tArkikoe ema vicAryuM - ane khoTI rIte - ke evuM koI pramANa avazya hovuM joIe je eka arthavizeSanA samasta dharmonuM jJAna karAvI zake. bIjI bAju, jaina tathA nyAyavaizeSika tArkikonI jema e bauddha tArkikone evo paNa vizvAsa hato ke yogijJAna dvArA arthavizeSanA evA dharmonI avagatiya saMbhave che, je indriyAtIta ja nahi anumAnAtIta paNa che. eTaluM ja nahi, pote mahAyAnI bauddha hoIne e tArkikone evo paNa vizvAsa rahyo haze ke yogijJAna dvArA ane yogijJAna dvArA ja paramArthasanI avagati saMbhave che, jeno artha pramANazAstropayogI bhASAmAM ema thAya ke yogijJAna dvArA- tathA yogijJAna dvArA ja - saghaLA arthonA saghaLA dharmonI avagati saMbhave che. kadAca A samasta pRSThabhUmimAM bauddha tArkikoe ghoSaNA karI ke arthaviSayaka indriyaja nirvikalpaka jJAna te arthanA saghaLA dharmonuM jJApaka che, jevI rIte yogazaktijanya nirvikalpaka jJAna saghaLA arthonA saghaLA dharmonuM jJApaka che. ApaNA sukhaduHkhAdi manobhAvonuM bhAna ApaNane anAyAse paraMtu asaMdigdhapaNe thaI jAya che e hakIkate paNa bauddha tArkikone ema vicAravA preryA haze ke arthaviSayaka indriyaja nirvikalpaka jJAna te arthanA svarUpa(samagra svarUpa)nuM niH saMdigdhabhAve jJApaka che, jevI

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna 182 rIte ApaNA potAnA sukhaduHkhAdi manobhAvanA viSayamAM ApaNane thanAruM nirvikalpaka (=anAyAsasiddha) jJAna e manobhAvonA svarUpanuM niHsaMdigdhabhAve jJApaka che. Ama yogijJAnane tathA manobhAvaviSayaka svasaMvedanane nirvikalpaka, niHsaMdigdha tema ja samagrasvarUpaviSayaka koTinAM jJAno mAnI bauddha tArkikoe klpanA karI ke amuka arthanA viSayamAM thanAruM indriyaja nirvikalpaka jJAna paNa e arthanA samagrasvarUpane viSaya karatuM pramANabhUta jJAna che. Adhunika tArkika kaheze ke A samasta tarkaNAne mATe bauddha tArkikonA yogijJAnanI saMbhAvanAmAM rahelA vizvAsane ane manobhAvonA viSayamAM temanI adhUrI samajane javAbadAra gaNavA joIe. bauddha tArkikoe 'kalpanApoDha ( = nirvikalpaka)jJAna'ne pratyakSanuM lakSaNa gaNyuM che tathA temaNe pratyakSanA cAra prakAra mAnyA che : (1) indriyaja, (2) svasaMvedana, (3) yogaja, (4) mAnasa. mAnasapratyakSanI kalpanA Adhunika mAnasazAstra dvArA kalpita after-cognition jevI che, ane je kAraNone laIne after-cognitionne perceptionno prakAraviroSa nathI gaNavAmAM Avato te ja kAraNone laIne A mAnasapratyakSane pratyakSano prakAravizeSa na mAnavo joIe. jaina tArkiko pratyakSanA be prakAra mAne che : (1) mukhya, (2) sAMvyavahArika. mukhya pratyakSamAM avadhi, manaH paryAya ane kevala( = trividha yogijJAna)no samAveza thAya che, tathA sAMvyavavahArika pratyakSamAM indriyaja jJAna Ave che. gaMgero pratyakSanA be prakAra svIkAryA che : (1) laukika, (2) alaukika, laukika pratyakSamAM indriyajaM jJAna Ave che ane alaukika pratyakSanA traNa bheda paDe che (a) sAmAnyalakSaNa, (ba) jJAnalakSaNa, (6) yogaja. sAmAnyalakSaNa tathA jJAnalakSaNa pratyakSonI gaMgezanI kalpanA nirALI che. amuka eka vastuvizeSaviSayaka laukika pratyakSane pariNAme utpanna thanAruM tajjAtIya saghaLI vastuone viSaya karanAruM alaukika pratyakSa sAmAnyalakSaNapratyakSa che, tathA amuka indriyaviroSathI sanniSkRSTa vastunA te indriya dvArA grahaNayogya nahi evA dharmavizeSanuM thanAruM alaukika pratyakSa te jJAnalakSaNapratyakSa che (kAraNa ke A pratyakSanuM nimitta che e vastunA e dharmavizeSanA viSayanuM thanAruM iSTa pramAtAnuM pUrvAnubhUta jJAna). jene Adhunika mAnasazAstramAM apperceptionnI ghaTanA kahevAmAM Ave che te ghaTanAnI upapatti karavA gaMgeze jJAnalakSaNapratyakSanI kalpanA karI che. kahevAnI jarUra nathI ke A banne prakAronA alaukika pratyakSanI kalpanA tarkasaMgata nathI. 3. bIjAM keTalAMka evAM jJAnone paNa jJAnalakSaNapratyakSanAM udAharaNa mAnavAmAM AvyAM che jemAM indriyArthasatrikarSa vinA ja iSTa pramAtAnA koI pUrvAnubhUta jJAnanoya upayoga thAya che. 'jJAnAkaraNaka jJAna'' A pratyakSalakSaNane jJAnalakSaNapratyakSa para lAgu karavuM keTaluM kaThaNa che te to spaSTa che.

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183 bhAratIya tArkikonI pratyakSaviSayaka carcA pariziSTa upara nyAyavaizeSika, jaina tathA mImAMsA tArkikonAM maMtavyonA vize je kaMI samIkSA karavAmAM AvI che tenA samarthanamAM mULa graMthonA uddharaNanI koI khAsa AvatA nathI. paraMtu bauddha tArkikonAM maMtavyone vize Ama na kahI zakAya, kema ke e tArkikonuM e durbhAgya hatuM ke teo mahAyAnI ane tArkika banneya hatA jene laIne mahAyAnIoe emane saMdehanI najare eTalA mATe joyA ke teo tArkika hatA ane tArkikoe eTalA mATe ke teo mahAyAnI (eTale ke vijJAnavAdI athavA zUnyavAdI) hatA. eTale ja nIce dharmakIrtinA svapajJavRttivALA pramANavArtikamAMthI keTalAMka (tathA manorathanandita pramANavArtika TIkAmAMthI eka) evAM uddharaNo ApIe chIe, jemanAthI ahIM karavAmAM Avela samIkSAne samarthana maLI zake ? (1) zabdasaketane adhoM upara lAgu karavAnI prakriyA __(1) tasmAdime bhAvAH svajAtIyAbhimatAd anyasmAcca vyatiriktAH, svabhAvenaikarUpatvAt / yato yato bhinnAstadbhedapratyAyanAya kRtasaMnivezaiH zabdaiH tatastato bhedamupAdAya svabhAvAbhede'pyanekadharmANaH pratIyante |...tsmaadeksy . bhAvasya yAvanti pararUpANi tAvatyastadapekSayA vyAvRttayaH, tadasaMbhavikAryakAraNasya tadbhedAt / yAvatyazca tadvyAvRttayaH tAvatyazca zrutayo'tatkAryakAraNaparihAreNa vyavahArArthAH |...tsmaat svabhAvAbhede'pi yena dharmeNa nAmnA yo vizeSo bhedaH pratIyate na sa zakyo'nyena pratyAyayitumiti naikArthAH srvshbdaaH| (pR. 16)* (II) ye samastAH kiJcidekaM kAryaM kurvanti teSAM tatra vizeSAbhAvAd apArthikA vizeSacodaneti sakRt sarveSAM niyojanArthamekamayaM lokaH zabdaM teSu niyukte ghaTa iti te'pi sajAtIyAdanyatazca bhedAvizeSe'pi tatprayojanAGgatayA tadanyebhyo bhidyante iti abhedAt . tato'vizeSeNa pratIyante / (pR0 44) (III) tasmAt siddhametat - sarve zabdAH vivekaviSayAH vikalpAzca / ete ekavastupratizaraNA api yathAsvamavadhibhedopakalpitairbhedaiH bhinneSvivaM pratibhAtsu buddhau vivekeSUpasthApanAd bhinnaviSayA eva / (pR0 61). (2) zabdasakatajanya jJAna paNa amuka arthamAM gRhItagrAhI nathI (jema anumAnajanya jJAna gRhItagrAhI nathI tema). kathaM punaretad gamyate - vyavacchedaH zabdaliGgAbhyAM pratipAdyate vidhinA na vasturUpameveti ? pramANAntarasya zabdAntarasya ca pravRtteH / tathAhi - ekasyArthasvabhAvasya pratyakSasya sataH svayam / ko'nyo na dRSTo bhAgaH syAdyaH pramANaiH parIkSyate // 45 / / maha pRein vizvavidyAlaya dvArA prazita sN2729|| (saMbha paM. sasuma bhAlapaliyA) che.

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lAra 184 bhAratIya tattvajJAna tasmAd dRSTasya bhAvasya dRSTa evAkhilo guNaH / bhrAnternizcIyate neti sAdhanaM saMpravartate // 47 // (pR. 17) (3) pratyakSa jJAna sarvadarzI hovA chatAMya sarvanizcAyaka nathI tathA koI paNa nizzAya zana sanizzAya nathI. (bhA saMdhamA (2) 59omjnaa .) yadyapyaMzarahitaH sarvato bhinnasvabhAvo'nubhUtaH tathApi na sarvabhedeSu tAvatA nizcayo bhavati kAraNAntarApekSatvAt / anubhavo hi yathAvikalpAbhyAsaM nizcayapratyayAn janayati / yathA rUpadarzanAvizeSe'pi kuNapa-kAminI-bhakSyavikalpAH....so'pi bhavannizcayo'sati bhrAntikAraNe bhavati |...n pratyakSaM kasyacinizcAyakam / tad yamapi gRhNAti tanna nizcayena / kiM tarhi ? tatpratibhAsena / tanna nizcayAnizcayavazAt pratyakSasya grahaNAgrahaNe / naivaM nizcayAnAM, kiJcinizcinvanto'pyanyatrAnizcayena pravRttibhedAd grahaNAgrahaNam / (pR0 20) . (4) pratyakSanI jema anumAna sAkSAt arthajanya na hovA chatAM pratyakSanI jema ja pramANa kaI rIte ? ete kAryasvabhAvAnupalabdhilakSaNAstrayo hetavaH |...ttr dvau vastusAdhanAvekaH pratiSedhahetuH / ...etau dvAvanumeyapratyayau sAkSAdanutpatteratatpratibhAsitve'pi tadutpattestadavyabhicAriNAviti pramANaM pratyakSavat / pratyakSasyApi hyAvyabhicAra eva prAmANyam, tadabhAve bhAvinastadvipralambhAt / avyabhicArazcAnyasya ko'nyastadutpatteH / anAyattarUpANAM sahabhAvaniyamAbhAvAt / (pR0 2) (5) pratyakSaY4ua aaser sabhA sa-prabhAe ? gRhItagrahaNAnneSTaM sAMvRtam... (pra. vA. 1/5) gRhItagrahaNAnneSTaM sAMvRtaM darzanottarakAlaM sAMvRtaM vikalpajJAnaM pramANaM neSTaM darzanagRhItasyaiva grahaNAt tenaiva ca prApayituM zakyatvAt sAMvRtamakiJcitkarameva / manoratha (6) puruSavacanonuM prAmANya keTalI hada sudhI tathA dhArmika AgamonuM svataMtra prAmANya kayA viSayomAM? .. na hi zabdA yathAbhAvaM vartante yatastebhyo'rthaprakRtirnizcIyeta / te hi vakturvivakSAvRttaya iti tannAntarIyakAstAmeva gamayeyuH / na ca puruSecchAH sarvA yathArthabhAvinyaH / na ca tadapratibaddhasvabhAvo bhAvo'nyaM gamayati / / ___ yattahIdam- . . .. "AptavAdA'visaMvAdasAmAnyAdanumAnatA' (kA0 219) ityAgamasyAnumAnatvamuktaM tatkatham . ? nAyaM puruSo'nAzrityAgamaprAmANyamAsituM samartho'tyakSaphalAnAM keSAJcit pravRttinivRttyormahAnuzaMsA'pAyazravaNAt, tadbhAve virodhAdarzanAcca / tatsati pravartitavye varamevaM pravRtta iti parIkSayA prAmANyamAha / (pR0 71-72)

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