Indian Antiquary Vol 21

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 27

JANUARY, 1892.]
SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS.
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legendary texts of angas 7-11;21 and tradition has see pp. 373, 416 brought them into connection with these auga texts and especially with 8-12. They share with these not merely the common form of legendary introduction; they are referred back to Sudharman and Jambu; they have the names ukkhêva and nikhêva, usual in the customary introductory and concluding formule; they shew the division of each into ten ajjhayanas, and lastly they have the same form of the citation of a text, i. e. the first ajjh. only is quoted entire, and the catch-words suffice for those that follow. We may well call them an appendix bound to angas 7-11 by a very close tie. Their interconnection is, furthermore, attested by external evidence: Their names are placed together in the enumeration of the anangapavittha texts in the Nandi, though the order of succession varies somewhat, the series there being 20, 22, 21, 23, 24, while between 20 and 22, as a separate text, the kappiyâô are inserted, which in the Vidhiprapa, [420] as in 'Sântichandra on up. 6, see p. 416, appear merely as the name of the first of these 5 upangas. In the scholiast on the Nandi, however, and in the Nandî itself they are regarded as an independent text existing by the side of the other five: narakâvâsâs tadgâminas cha narâ yatra varṇyamtê; kalpikaḥ saudharmadikalpavaktavyatagocharâ gramthapaddhatayal; êvam kalpâvatamsika jnêyâh; yas tu grihavâsamukulana (!) tyâgêna jivâh samyamabhâvapushpitâ bhûshitá bhûyas tattyâgatô duḥkhâvâptimukulêna mukulitâs tattyâgatal pushpitâḥ pratipâdyamtê tâl pushpitâb; tad viseshapratipâdikâh pushpachûdah; Amdhaka-Vrishnidaśânâm siddhigamanadila kshaganim pratipadaki graṁthapaddhatayal.
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In the account of Raj. Lâla Mitra, 1. c. (above, p. 227), there is no mention of the Vanhidasâô, nirayâvali and kappiyâ are enumerated as two separate upângas (8 and 9), and Kappavaḍimsaya, Pupphiya, Pupphachûliyâ as Nos. 10-12. In Kashinath Kunte's report the order is nirayâvalika, Vanhidasa, Kappavaḍimsiyâ, Pupphiyâ, Papphachûliyâ.
It must, furthermore, be noticed that Abhayadê va on anga 3, 10 is of the opinion that several of the 10 ajjh. of the dîhadasâ cited there are especially closely connected with the narakâvaliśrutaskandha see pp. 273, 423". If this is the case, it supports the probability that the contents is of ancient date, which is indeed great on other grounds. The relation of the five extant texts is as follows: -
XX. up. 8, uvaṁganaṁ padhamê vaggê, the nirayavaliyad, or kappiyao, treats of the ultimate fortunes of the ten princes Kâla etc.,22 sons [421] of the Anga king Sêniya of Champa. These princes accompanied their half-brother Kuniya33 in his campaign against his grandfather, Chêdaga of Vêsili, the Vidêha king, who refused to deliver up the own brother of Kûniya who had fled to his court. Kûniya on this account had declared war against Chêdaga, who, in order to meet the impending danger, summoned nine Mallati (Mallaki) and nine Lechhati (Lichchhavi) kings and all 48 Kâsî-Kôsalaya ganarayânô (cf. Bhagav. 7, 9, p. 301), and opposed 57,000 elephants, etc., to the 33,000 of the eleven princes (3,000 for each). The mothers of the ten princes, Kali, etc. (see anga 8, above, p. 321), each ask in turn of Mahâvira whether they are destined to behold their sons alive again. Mahâvîra in reply not only informs Imdabhûti into what hell each must descend after he has fallen in the battle hence the title of the upâmga and his future fate, but also relates the antecedent history of king Kûniya himself, beginning at that point when his mother was three months pregnant. The expulsion of his father Sêniya from the throne at his hands is then related and his father's death in prison. We possess in its complete form the text of the first ajjh. alone, the second being finished off in six, the remaining eight in two lines.
The reader is referred to Jacobi's introduction to the kalpas. p. 2 for Sêniya Bhimbhisâra,25 i. e.
21 As regards anga 10 I have mentioned on page 329 my conjecture that from the inter relation of up. 8-12 and angas 7-11 we have additional testimony for the view that anga 10 too originally possessed a legendary character. See, however, p. 334 n.1
22 Kale, Sukale, Mahakale, Kaphê, Sukanhê, Mahakanhê, Virakanhê, Rimakanhê, Piusépakanhê, Mahfaêpakanhê. 25 Son of Chellana, wife of Paümåvål. Stepmothers, chullamâus, of Kania.
25 See ajjh. 10 of the daááárutaskandha.