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JULY, 1892.
MISCELLANEA.
215
both in Avi, and V., together with a jfakappa. According to the Vicbärämritasamgraha, the pañchakappa is a work of Samghadasavâchaka, while the jîtakalpa belongs to the Jinabhadragaộiksbama [478]śramaņa.12 We find in it citations from both texts. The jita kaipa is also enumerated in the Ratnasågara, p. 507, as the sixth chhedasútram. Raj. L. Mitra, however (800 p. 227 above), mentions it as the last of his "five Kalpasūtras."
In lieu of commenting upon a text of the name of pañchakalpa I will at least remark on the jîtakalpa, which is mentioned together with it, that a sraddhajîtakalpa in 141 Prakṣitgâthas actually exists. It treats of the prâFaschitta, which suits the character of the cbhéasútras exactly, but is referred to a definite author, Dharmaghôsha, scholar of Dêvêndramuniśvara. In the anonymous commentary on it it is designated as composed upanishatkalpa(!)kalpa-vyavahara-niśîthayatijitakalpânusårêņa. In the commentary reference is paid to the pravachanam as samayikâdibimdusaraparyamtam, and in v. 58 erroneous doctrines and pashandin are treated of in detail. Then the giatthâs (see above, pp. 437, 450, 464). to which the text refers in v. 141, are expressly explained as érînišithâdichhêdagrarthârthasútradharah.13 From all this we may draw the conclusion that the text is closely, [479] if not directly connected with the chhêdasůtras.
We have already mentioned in reference to the mahakappa, Avasy. 8, 55, above pp. 446, 447, that the Nandi in its anangapavittha list recognizes the existence of a mahakappasuam, a chullakappasuam, and a kappiyakappiam. In the scholiast ibid. we find the following explanation : kalpakalpapratipadakam adhyayanam kalpakalpam ; tathå kalpah stbavirakalpâdih, tat pratipâdakam śrutar kalpaárutam, tach cha dvidhâ: kshullakakalpo mahakalpo cha, tatrai 'kam alpagrantham alpârtham, dyitiyam mahậgrantham mahârtham cha. There is, therefore, no doubt but that texts of this class existed.14
MISCELLANEA. NOTES ON THE CHINBOKS, CHINBONS, AND I bounded on the south by the Chinbông, the other YINDUS OF THE CHIN FRONTIER OF BURMA.1 boundaries being the same as those of the
Geography.-The Welaung Chins inhabit the Chinbôks. villages on the head waters of the Myitha river. The Chinbôns inhabit the southern end of the They are bounded on the north and west by Mônchaung and stretch across the Arakan Yomia Baungah8 Chins, on the south by Chinbôks, and
into the valley of the Pichaung. They are on the east by Taungås of the villages round bounded on the south by the Chinbông of the Wébet, which is distant four days' journey. Minbu frontier, on the east by the Burmans, on
The Chinboks live in the hills from the Mol the west by the Arakaneae. River down to the Sochaung. They are bounded History.--The Wêlaung Chins are stated to be on the north by Wêlaung and Baungehê Chins,
of Baungshe origin. The Chinbôks claim a similar on the east by the Burmans, on the west by the
origin. The Yindus state that their origin is Arakan Yomàs, on the south by the Yindu Chins.
similar to that of the Taung Pås, an industrious The Yindus inhabit the valleys of the Salin race, who inhabit the Yo and Myith& Valleys chaung and the northern end of the Môn Valley, I in Burmese territory, and who claim to have come
12 See above, pp. 427, 430, where both texts are counted in with the painnas. There are there several other texts ascribed to Jinabhadra. The passage reads : Jinsbhao Gramapa krito jitakalpah, kshetrasamleah, samgrabant vibeshanavati cha.
13 In the scholiast on Vich Ar Amritasaragraha the following explanation for Jlyakappa is found in citation from the Panchakappa : jar jassa cha pachchhittam &yariyaparampardyaïviruddham joga ya bahuvihi ya leo khalu jiyakappo all; - and the word jiyam is ibid. explained as follows:- jam bahdhim giyatthehim Aiņņain tarin jyam uchitam Achittam ity anaithAntaram vyavahårachårpipithe, jftam nêms prabhatåndkagitarthakita mary&da, tatpratipAdano grantho 'py upaoh ArAt.
14 Compare, also, the title of upanga 9.
1 Notes, dated the 20th April 1890, by Lieutenant E. M. Rainey, Commandant, Chin Frontier Lovy, regard. ing the Chin tribes bordering on the Yd Country in the Pakokku District, and printed originally as a Government paper by the Chief Commissioner, Burma. [The original paper is very difficult reading owing to want of care in composition. -è as aw in 'awful' throughout.-ED.)
· [The word clyaung in such compounds means 'stresm' or ' river.' -ED.)
