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JULY, 1892.)
SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS.
213
ten kalpas and the Vyavanâra," but (see p. 357, 450) to the three chhêdasútras 3–5: the dasâu, the vavahâra and the kappa.
Personally I am inclined on the strength of $ 148 to hold Devarddhigani as the editor, and and even as the [473] "author" of the chief part of the Kalpasútra. I will even go a stepfarther and assert that in reality the Kalpasůtram, or its present essential part, has no claim to this title, which is at complete variance with its contents. It has received this name after its junction with the paryushaņakalpa, the eighth chapter of the dasan. This ancient title (see p. 468) is cited in the beginning of the sandêhavishaushadhi as a collective title of the work. See Jacobi, p. 99.
The Panchanamaskara, placed " keshuchid adaráeshu" at the commencement of the text, is known to us from anga 3 and upanga 4. It is followed here as in up. 4 by the passage in its praise, which is supposed to date back to Vajra (see Kup. 811), and is designed to glorify this commencement. This passage of the pamchanam. contains the form havai - and not hoi as in up. 4 - which in more modern times is regarded as the only well attested form. See p. 393, $$ 1, 2, which contain the recital so obnoxious to the Digambara (see Jacobi, p. 22) --- sce p. 261 – that Mahâvira first "entered the womb of (the mîhani) Dêvinanda before ho was placed ($ 21) in that of (the kbattiyâņi) Trišala "7), are borrowed outright from nugn 1. Jacobi, p. 23, considers the portion containing the 14 dreams (S$ 33-46), with their long, complex compounds, as a secondary addition, since it is not in harmony with the prevailing "archaic style" of the text. I shoald prefer to regard the solemnity of the subject as the cause of these stylistic differences. [474] Upon such occasions the aigas contain numerous stylistic excrescences, which, it should be remarked, occur not infrequently in other parts of the Kalpasútra. The differences of this kind in $$ 3-46 (or does J. extend the description of the dreams further than 16 ?) may therefore, I should think, be reduced to a minimum.
The historical kernel of the recital is exceedingly small. Up to $ 96 (incl.) the events before the birth of Mahavira alone are treated of. The following S8 to 111 discuss the birth, naming, childhood of M. and his life as gihattha. It is noteworthy that there is no mention of foreign nurses, as is usual in the angas and upangas on such occasions, nor are the 72 kalas etc. referred to. The enumeration of the Brahminical sciences in § 10 is the usual one, which we have already met with in auga 5. The recital as to how Mahavira : anagariyam païrrae (8 116), and of his farther development up to the time of his death ( 132) is devoid of every particle of life. There is no trace of the many legends concerning him which we find scattered here and there in the angas, etc. They have not been made use of at all; hence the whole makes a most unsavoury impression as regards any biographical information. In 147 the mention of the 55 ajjhayaņas of the pâvaphalavivâyáim (see p. 271) is of interest, as also that of the 36 aputthavayarañain, which, according to Jacobi, p. 114, are to be referred to the uttarajjhayanam,
We have in the work entitled Kalpantarváchyani, a production partly in Prakṣit, partly in Sanskrit, and in a mixture of the two (475). After a self-evident introduction in reference to the ten forms of the kalpa : achêlukka (achêlatvam), uddesia (auddesika pinda), sijjáyara (sijjátarô (sayy&o] vasatisvâmi), rîyapinda (presents from the king), kiikamme (kritio), vaya (vrata), jittha (jyeshțhatvam), padikkamaņe, mâsam (masakalpab), pajjövasaņakappe (varshasu chaturmâsâvasthanarûpah), in reference to the purvas, out of the ninth of which the srikalpa of Bhadrabahu, "uddhrita," etc., is the Kalpântar., in loose connection with the text of the Kalpasūtra, makes the text of the latter the point of departure for the insertion of a large number of legends and other statements in prose and verse. The freqnent mention of Hêmachandrasûri and of Manatungasûri, Malayagiri, of the Vamanam, Sarasvatîkaņthâbharaṇam (as vyâkara
. Wo find, however, mention made of a ten-fold division of the kalpa, e. 9. in the introduction to the Kalpântarychyani. See p. 475.
6 Wife of Usabhadatta, cf. Wilson Sel. W. 1, 203 (see Bhagav. 9, 33. Leum.). 1 Wifo of Siddhattha of the Ndys race.
