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JANUARY, 1892.]
SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS.
19
closes in treating of the sun: ichchêsa Jambuddivapannatti súrapannattivatthusamasêņam samattâ bhavati. Then, in close conjunction with the above, it, in like manner, treats of the moon, and concludes : ichch esa Jaotti chandapannattivatthúsamásêņam s. bh. The expression vatthu, which occurs here twice, belongs to the puvva sections — see page 361. It does not occur in the existing texts of upangas 5 and 7, which are divided into påbudas, a term which, it must be confessed, is similar to the purvas. Next follows a discussion in reference to the five different kinds of year (see above p. 409), viz. : -1. The nakk hatta year and by this is meant the revolution of Jupiter through the 28 nakshatras ;18 in up. 5 (see Ind. Stud, 10, 290), this is cited merely as a pakshamtaram. 2. The lunar yuga year. 3. The pamåņa year with its five groups as in ap. 5. 4. The lakkhaņa year in five groups. The scholiast says that in the first of the five, the nakshatra year, the commencement is made with Krittika and not with Abhijit! The scholiast on up. 5 at least makes mention of Uttarishadhâs - cf. Ind. Stud. 10, 301, note 7. 5. The year of Satorn or its revolution through the 28 nakshatras. Then follow the months, days, hours and the karaņa, which last was omitted in up. 5. The fourth karanam is here called thivilôana, strivilôchana, or tbilôaņa (80 also in the Ganiviyyâ v. 42) and not taitila. The names are as usual: - Bavam bâlavê kõlavam thîvilôaņam (415) garai vaộijam viţthi (these 7 are chara) saüņi chauppaya ņå gam kimtthuggham (these 4 are thira). The beginning with Bava is the one which usually occurs elsewhere; but in the quinquennial yugam, contrary to other statements, everything has been changed. Of the two ayaņas the summer solstice is in the first place, the rainy season is first among the seasons, Savana (Sravana) first among the months, the bahulap. among the pakkha, the day among the ahôratta, and Abhijit among the nakshatras. Then follows a special discussion of the nakshatras, – their position as regards the moon, their divinities, the number of their stars, their gotta, their form, etc., just as in the Nakshatrakalpa or in upanga 5; and partly in the form of gaha. The names of the nakshatras appear here in their secondary form as in up. 5, in anga 3 — see Ind. Stud. 10, 296, and above p. 268:- Savana (instead of 'Srôņa), Dharitha (instead of 'Sravishtha), Bhaddavaya (instead of Proshthapada), Pussa (instead of Tisbya). The conclusion is formed by all sorts of remarkable statements in reference to sun, moon, stars, the extent of their vimana, etc.; Mars (ingålaê viyalaê lôhitamke) and Saturn (saņichhard) are regarded as belonging to the court of the moon; cf. Bhagavati 1, 401. 2, 225. Jupiter was referred to above; but there is no mention of Mercury, Venus, and the zodiac.
The commentary is by Santichandra, scholar of Sakalachandra, who lived at the time of the 58th patriarch of the Tapagachha, Hîravijayasuri (+ Samvat 1652), recognized by śrt-Akabbarasuratrana (Sultan). This commentaryle is very verbose, but in the introduction it contains numerous matters of interest in reference to the relations of each of the [416] 12 upangas to that one of the angas which had a corresponding position among the series of twelve, and in reference to the commentaries thereupon - Silamkâchürya (on angas 1. 2), Abhayadêva (on angas 3-11 and up. 1), Malayagiri (on up. 2 - 7), Chandrasûri (on up. 8 - 12), and finally - see above p. 224 — in reference to the period of advancement suitable for the study of each of the angas. The full statement in reference to the mutual relation of the angas and upangas is: - tatrâ 'rgâni dvídaśa, upamgâny api amgaikadeśaprapamcharûpåņi prîyah pratyamgam ékaikabhà vât tâvamty êva, tatra 'ringa ny acharamgådîni pratîtani, tesham upamgåni kramêņa 'muni: acharangasyau "papatikam i, sutrakpidamgasya râjapraśniyam 2 sthanamgasya jîvábhigamaḥ 3, samavayangasya prajnapani 4, bhagavatyâh suryaprajnaptiḥ 6, jnátadharmakathâm. gasya jambūdvipaprajnaptih 6, upasakadaśamgasya chandraprajnaptih 7, .amtakřiddasamgadikanam drishtivadaparyamtânam pamchanam apy amgånin nirayâvalikäsrutaskamdhagatakalpikadipamchavargâh pamcho 'påmgâni, tathâ hi: aritaksiddaśaingasya kalpikâ 8, anuttaropapatika
15 janvi vahassat mahaggahê duvalasahin sarvachharihim savvanakkhattama dalam satchArci se tam nakkhattasamvacbbare.
19 The date of its composition is Sathyat 1661 (A. D. 1595); the work was, however, revised for Vijayasena nine years later
