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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[JULY, 1892.
But, as I have already said, from this time the harvest of monuments again becomes sufficiently ample for it to be useless to undertake enumerations which would necessarily be incomplete. I lay stress neither on the plates of the earlier Kadambas, nor on those of the first Gurjaras, Dadda,49 or Jayabhata.50 They bring us down to a period too modern to affect the questions of formation and origin which alone interest us at the present moment.
These are the known dates of the monuments which enable us to put forward precise conclusions for the chronology of the linguistic history of India. The preceding summary has therefore, been indispensable. By language, or more exactly by grammar and spelling, the epigraphical types divided themselves, in the period under consideration, into two series. The two currents continually intermingle and become confused, but we are, nevertheless, compelled to follow them separately. Of the two sections which follow, the first will be devoted to Mixed Sanskrit and to classical Sanskrit, and the second to monumental Prakrit and to the literary Prakrit. I shall commence in each case by detailing the characteristic facts which are furnished by a study of the inscriptions, and shall then examine the general questions which connect themselves with it.
WEBER'S SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS. TRANSLATED BY DR. HERBERT WEIR SMYTH.
(Continued from page 185.) XXXVII. Third chhedasatram, the vavahara. We have already seen above, pp. 447, 449, that the three texts dasa, kappa and vavahara, according to the Avašy. 16, 109, are connected as one group. In the arrangement found in the Avasy, and in that handed down in the Nandi, vavahara is placed in the last place after dasâ and kappa. This position after the kappa is also allotted to the vavahâra [466] in the penultimate verse of the bhåshya85 belonging to it, and consequently in Malayagiri's comm., where there are two statements to this effect - in the introduction and at the conclusion of the seventh udd.97 The same conclusion may be drawn from the compound kalpavyavahârau in schol. on Oghaniry. (see p. 449), though there may be here nothing more than a mere reference to the greater brevity of the word kalpa. In the Rutnasdgara (see p. 449), however, the vavahara stands at the head of the chhêdasútra.
We have already seen (ibid.) that kalpa as vavahira is attributed-especially tu Bhadrabahu and considered as an extract from půrva 9, 3, 20 According to Avašy. 2, 6, Bhadrabibu (sapposing that he is here the speaker) composed at least a niyyutti on it. And we have also seen (p. 446) that the text is divided into ten uddesasoa in agreement with the statements in Avasy. 16, 109. The contents consists of general regulations in reference to the penances etc., of the clergy and of disciplinary statutes concerning right and wrong - kappati, no kappati.
Each of the uddesas closes, after the fashion of angas 1-3, with ti bêmi. The text is in prose and well preserved. The Prakrit bhâshya in dryâ, is found entire in Malayagiri's very detailed commentary, which is in reality rather a commentary on the bhåshya than on the text itself. [467] In the commencement of the very lengthy introduction we find the relation of the text to the kalpa stated as follows:- kalpadhyayanê abhavat prêyabchittam uktam, na ta dânaprayaschittar dânam; vyavahîrê tu dinaprayaschittam âlôchaniividhis cha 'bhidhásyatê.
49 Ind. Ant. 1877, p. 22; 1878, p. 34. 19 Dowson, J. R. A. S., N. 8., 1, 2 18; Bhandarkar, J. R. A. S., Bo. X. p. 19. 50 Inscriptions of Kåvi, Bühler, Ind. Ant. 1876, p. 109; of Uinêtà, ibid. 1878, p. 61. 5 kappavvavahirkņam bhásain muttuna vittharam savyam.
uktnin kalpadhyayanan, idanin vyavahäradhyayanam uchyate. 7 parvam kalpidhyayane bhanitá. 98 Or according to its own schol., also in 3 khandas (udd. 1, 2; 3-6; 7-10).
99 pîthika (see p. 455), in 2356 gr., corresponding to 182 verses of the bhåshya. The entire commentary embraces 35122 gr.! The MS. which I have before me is dated Samvat 1565 A.D. 1509.
