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JUNE, 1892.]
this fifth châlâ77, make at least for the conclusion that tradition regards the nisiham ajjhayanam in our chhêdasútra as originally forming a part of anga 1 and separated from it at a later period. This does not, of course, exclude the possibility that the text in question existed originally as it exists to-day in an independent condition, and that it was at a later period joined with anga 1, whence it was again separated.
SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS.
181
In the Nandi see below. [454] the nisiham is mentioned after dasâ kappô vavahârô and before mahânistham. It is, therefore, certain that our text is referred to. The statements, which are found78 in Avasy. 16, 114 (s. p. 255n) in reference to the three-fold division of nisîham into three ajjhayanas, by name ngghâyam, anugghâyam and aruvânâ, are not in harmony with the constitution of our text, which contains no trace of such a three-fold division, but on the other hand is divided into 20 uddêsakas,79 containing hardly anything but prohibitions for the bhikshu.90 The words ugghâtiya and anuggh° are, it is true, made use of, but this does not presuppose a direct division into 3 ajjh.81 All these prohibitions commence with the following words (cf. the formula in the Pratimokshasutra of the Buddhists): je bhikkhu.. karêi and end with karemtam và sâtijjai.83 We have here then a fixed canonical rule, which makes upon us the impression of being very old. At the conclusion of the udd. a penitence of one or, as the case may be, of four months is prescribed: tam sêvamânê âvayyati mâsiyam pariharaṭṭhânam ugghâtiyam (or aụnggh°, or chân°) pisahe.
The 20th udd. treats especially of this penitence and appeals thereby to the first udd. of the vavahara.
[455] At the end there are three âryâs, in which Visâhàgani is stated to be the writer (!): tassa lihiyam nisîham. These âryâs are counted as constituent parts of the text, since they are followed by the words iti nisîhàjjhayanê vîsamo uddêsaü sammattô.
There is a very detailed commentary (bhashya) in Prâkṛit in âryâs, akin to the prose commentary, which Jinaprabhamuni, author83 of the commentary on the paryushanâkalpariryukti, mentions as his source of information under the name nisithachûrņi. The bhâshya offers but little assistance in regard to the explanation of the words of the text, but contains general remarks concerning the contents of each of the uddésakas. It starts with a very lengthy introduction, which at the end is called pedham, i. e. pitham, cf. pithikâ in Malayagiri. Each of the paragraphs of the text is called sûtram in every case. This commentary does not discuss the three concluding verses of the text. The writer of the Berlin MS. (Ahmedâbâd Samv. 1629) belonged to the stock of Ahhayadeva.85
XXXVI. Second chhedasûtram, the mahânisiham. Instruction of Goyama in reference to transgressions (salla) and punishments (pâyachhitta, pachhitta), in 8 ajjhayanas, of which [456] ajjh. 1, 2 have a text composed partly in élôkas or trishtubh, (Nom. in o) and partly in prose (Nom. in e); and in ajjh. 3 ff. many ślôkas are inserted. The single copy which I have by me, and that a very incorrect one, reproduces the text so very imperfectly that even the writer,
77 Silanka, in the introduction to the second érutask. of anga 2 says that the "Acharaprakalpo nisithah" is "nirvyûdha" from purva 9, s, 20. (Leumann); see pages 357, 450n.
78 Haribhadra makes no statement on this head, since he holds the verses to be nigadasiddha. Cf. the five-fold division of the Ayara in añga 3, 5, 3 into: masie ugghâiê, m. apugghfié, châummasiê u., châ. apuggh., châ. anugghaie Arovana. (Leumann.)
79 1 with 48 paragraphs, 2 with 59, 3 with 74, 4 with 62, 5 with 76, 6 with 22, 7 with 37, 8 with 19, 9 with 26, etc. 80 According to Kash. Kunt the nié. treats " of the duties of Sadhus, and the fines and penalties to be imposed on them when they neglect them."
51 The 20 udd. are, however, divided into 3 groups (1-5, 6-19, and 20; Leumann).
82 "Who does this or that and who does not do it." See Leumann, Aup. Glossar, p. 159 s. v. sâjj (PAli sâdiyati) "take," ": ""receive," accept, "permit."
88 A. D. 1307, see Jacobi, Kalpas. p. 35; also author of the Vidhiprapa, above p. 223.
4 Begins: navabambhacheramaio attharasapadasahassio vêtô (vêdaḥ, see p. 457) I havati ya sapamchachûlo bahu bahutara padaggenaṁ II 1 II AyArapakappassa tu.. II 2 II yaro aggamitiyapakappa taha cholia nistham ti..11311 pakappammi chaliye nisîhê ya.. V. 1 is cited in the same form, by Blanka from Bhadr.'s âcharaniryukti according to Leumann. 85 Samvat 1569 under Patasha Mahamada.
