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MARCH, 1881.)
SANSKRIT AND OLD-CANARESE INSCRIPTIONS.
59
in respect of his actions. The reward desired is, of course, a religious reward. Where a grant is made otherwise than of the original motion of the person who actually makes it, it is always said to be made, either vijñápanayam or bin- napadiin," at the request' of such and such a one, where that person is inferior in authority to the person who makes the grant, or anujnaya," niyámadini,besadini," at the order,' or nir úpadinh, by the appointment,' of such and such a one, when that person is superior in authority to the person who makes the grant. None of these expressions is used here, nor any other to indicate in any way that Mangaliśvara had to obtain the permission of Kirttivarma before making the grant; and the text is simply Sri-Mangalisvarð ... mahá-Vishnu-grihan ... kritvá ... Lahjítváran=náma grámam ... dattaván, Sri-Mangaliśvara, having made an abode of the great (god) Vishņu, granted the village of Lanjiśvara.' Bearing this in mind, and also the fact that the Cave-templo must have taken many years to complete,--and comparing with the expression of this grant the less emphatic but more usual expressions of matapitror=atmanah puny=dváptayê, 'in order that (Our) parents may acquire Our own religious merit,' made use of by Pulikasi II" at a time when his parents were certainly dead, and mátápitrór=átmanas=cha punya-yaśó-bhivriddhayé, 'in order to increase the religious merit and the fame of (Our) parents and of Ourself,' made use of by Vijayaraja," it is plain that, in allotting to Kirttivarmî all the religious merit of the completion of the Cave, the setting up of the image, and the grant of the village, and in reserving for himself only the religious reward due on account of obedience to Kirttivarma, Mangalióvara is claiming his reward for carrying out a project which was originated, and perhaps commenced, by Kirttivarma, but which Kirttivarma did not live to complete in person.
No. LXXXII. On the rock, to the west of the cave, there are several short inscriptions, such as SriVimala, Sri-Rúpasekharah, Sri-Gunapalan, and Sri-Kottalan. And on the rock to the west of the neighbouring Jain Cave, No. IV, there are some similar inscriptions, such as Sri-Vidhi(?): mman, Sri Ru(?)dra()svámi, Sri Dhana(1) déva, and Sri Prasa(pa)nnabuddhi. They appear to be the names of visitors to the caves, and are in characters the age of which may vary from that of the large inscription, No. LXXXI, in Cave III, up to the end of the seventh century A. D.
But the only historical inscription among them is the following undated Old-Canarese inscription" of Mangaliśvara, here called Mangaliśa, in four lines of irregular length, on the rock a little to the west of the west end of the verandah of Cave III. The writing covers a space of l' i} high, by 2' 2 long in line 1 and 3 6%" long in line 4.
The date of this inscription must be somewhat later than that of the large inscription inside the Cave. For it records a grant to the
stone-house of the glorious Mangalisa, i.e. to the Cave-temple,' the completion of which is recorded in the inscription inside the Cave.
It is not stated what is granted; but it would seem to be flowers, to make garlands for the god.
Lañjigêsara' is the Canarese corruption of a name of Vishņu, as a shrine for whom the Cave was made, and to whom, as we are told in 1. 13 of the inscription inside the Cave, the village of Lanjiśvara was allotted. Lanjiśvara' and
Lañjigêsara' are one and the same name, and the village is named after the god. Lanjâ' is a name of Lakshmi, and lunjika must be a second form of lanjá in this sense, as it is of lanjá in the sense of an adulteress, & harlot'; hence we get
Lanjiśvara,' which, however, should be Lañjes. vara, and Lañjigêsara,' for Laõjikėśvara, as names of Vishnu.
10 e. g. Vol. VI, p. 82, 1. 11, and p. 80, 1. 27; and Vol. VII, p. 302, 1. 26, and p 804, 1. 25. Also No. 16 of P., S., and 0..C., Inscriptions, 1. 21. Also compare vijfiaptih chakitan nindya, Vol. IV, p. 830, 1. 14, and tidvijña panassi(sri)tena Brf-Krishnabhapana, Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc. Vol. XII, p. 44, 1. 49.
11. q., Vol. VI, p. 141, 1 28. Also compare binnapangeydu, Vol. IV, p. 209, 1. 28.
11. g., Vol. VII, p. 304, 1. 24.
15 e. g. Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc., Vol. IX, p. 294, 1.5, and Vol. x, p. 268, 1. 66.
1. e. g., Vol. II, p. 142, plate, 1. 18.
15 e. g., Vol. V, p. 20, 1. 13; and 1. 6 of No. LXXXVII, p. 63 below.
10 Not contrasting, as Prof. Bhandarkar would.
19 Vol. VI, p. 73, 1. 13. Perhaps we ought to correct the text and read matapitroradimanasacha puny-dudptry, 'in order to the acquisition of religious merit by (our) parents and by Oureelf.
16 Vol. VII, p. 243, 1.11.
20 No. 40 of P., 8., and 0.-C., Inscriptions; and First Archool. Report, Pl. Ini, No. 18, and Pl. IIIV, Nos. 14 and 15.
30 No. 41 of P., 8., and 0-0., Inscriptions. 11 No. 40 of P., 8., and 0.-C., Inscriptions.
