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MAY, 1881.]
Khurjan and the tribe of Jaoli, i. e. Jariat, was destroyed.1
CHINGHIZ KHAN AND HIS ANCESTORS.
Notwithstanding this defection of the Juriat we find Chamukha who was a Juriat chief, acquiring by his skill and knowledge a great ascendancy among the tribes on the Argun. He now comes forward as an important power, while the Taijutand their chief Terkutai Kiriltuk quite fall into the background. Chamukha soon came into conflict with Chinghiz Khân. On the dispersion of the Jelairs1 many of them became the slaves and herdsmen of the Mongols. Among these we are told was Juchi Darmala (written Jokhi by Hyacinthe, Choki by Douglas, Suki by De Mailla, Juji Termileh by Erdmann, and Juchi Termela by Berezine, who lived with his masters in the district of Saali, 15 In another place the Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi refers to this district as Saarikeer.10 Rashid calls it Sarikeher." The Yuan-shi calls it Sali gol, i.e. the river Sali. The Huang-yuan also calls it the river Sali. De Mailla styles it Sa li ho, meaning the same thing. 20 He also calls it Sali hor." Quatremere has given a learned note upon the name in which he quotes a MS. gloss. of Gaubil's who calls the place Salikor or Sali-koure, and adds the Chinese have called the place Sali-chouen. "Kouré," he says, " means a place where there are many lakes and springs, and which is surrounded with water. The word is Mongol; chouen in Chinese denotes generally a watered district." The Koure of the above extract is doubtless the well-known Keher meaning a plain in Mongol, and Sari Keher as the name is correctly recorded by Rashidu'd-din means the Yellow Plains, by which name Chinghiz Khân's special home is frequently apostrophized, and notably in the funeral dirge which we shall quote further on. These yellow plains were apparently watered by a river Sari and were situated near the Onon, and Quatremere suggests that the Saritei, a stream which Pallas met with near the Onon, is the Sari of the above extracts. This seems very probable. The Saritei is a tributary of the
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Aga which falls into the Onon on its western side, and the valley of the Aga like the other early Mongol settlements is described as strewn with ancient tombs, covered with flat roofs, and like them also as affording magnificent pasturage." Dr. Bretschneider says that on the ancient map of Mongolia found in the Yuan-shi-lei-pien Sa-li-k'ie-r is marked south of the river Wa-nan (i.e. the Onon), and close to the name is written the note "Here was the original abode of the Mongols." We may take it therefore as exceedingly probable that the camp of Chinghiz at this time was on the upper waters of the Aga. Chamukha, we are told in the Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi, lived at the mountain Ja-la-ma in the district of Olegaibulakha." The Yuan-shi calls the place Irugil," which D'Ohsson makes Iru-gol, i.e. the river Iru. The Huang-yuan calls it the sources of the river Yilyige. Rashid gives the name as Ulagai bulak. Ulagai in Mongol means red and Bulak a spring, stream or canal. There is according to Pallas a vitriolic stream seventeen versts north-westofthe settlement of New Zurukhaitu on the Argun which is still called Ulan Bulak by the Tunguses and Krasnoi Kiyush by the Russians, which, he adds, both mean the same thing, i. e. the Red Spring." The various allies of Cha mukha chiefly came from the Argun, and we shall find him presently proclaimed Gurkhan on that river, whence it seems probable that the stream here mentioned from Pallas is the one referred to in the Yuan-ch'aopi-shi, and not the Ulengui, a tributary of the lower Ingods as suggested by D'Ohsson." We will now revert to our story. We have seen that the Jelair Juchi Darmala was engaged as one of Chingiz Khân's herdsmen on "the yellow plains of the Onon." One day a younger brother of Chamukha, named Taichar or Taguchar, made a raid upon the cattle in his charge. Juchi's comrades did not dare to pursue, but he himself went after them, and overtook them at nightfall, and shot Taichar in the spine with an arrow, killed him, and drove his horses home again."1 The Huang-yuan says that when the raid was made, Shochi Tarmakha, as he calls him,
13 Op. cit., pp. 154 and 155. 1 Vide ante, vol. IX, p. 240. 1 Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi, p. 64. 16 Id., p. 81. "Erdmann, Temudschin, p. 260; D'Ohsson, vol. I, p. 41. 18 Hyacinthe, loc. cit., 19 Op. cit., p. 153. 30 Tom. IX, pp. 10 and 22. 21 Id., tom. X, p. 174. "Quatremere's Rashidu'd-din, p. 117 note. 23 Op. cit., p. 117 note.
Pallas, Voyages, &c. tom. IV, p. 342.
25 Bretschneider, Notices of Med. Geog., note 389.
20 Yun-ch'ao-pi-shi, p. 64. 37 Hyacinthe, p. 9. ss Id., p. 616. 29 Vol. I, p. 41, note. 30 So the Fun-ch'ao-pi-shi calls him. Rashid styles him a relative, and names him Tegujar.-Erdmann, Temudschin, p. 260. The Yun-shi calls him To-tai-kher-Hyacinthe, p. 9. The Huang-yuin styles him Tataichar, and calls him a subject of Chamukha of the tribe Si-ta-lan, op. cit., p. 153, a tribe I cannot trace. De Mailla calls him Tudaisal, vol. IX, p. 10.
31 Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi, p. 64.
