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204
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
(JULY, 1881.
formed Tayang Khân of the Naimans how he had been treacherously treated by Altun-Ashuk, and asked permission to enter his service." After this Wang Khân wintered at Khubakha and Chinghiz Khân in the mountains Checher or Chagachar. The latter soon after attacked the Merkit Olan Udur, the Taijat Khirkhan-Taishi, and the Tartars Jakur and Kelbek, as Rashidn'd-dîn calls them. The Huang-yuan speaks of them as the Tartars Alandurkha-taishi and Chakhugintimur, while the Yuan-shi only mentions one of them called Ola Undur by Hyacinthe. We are told they were attacked and defeated at Dalan or TalanNimurges, i.e. the plain of Nimurges. One section of them scattered and the rest collected again for another fight." Much to the chagrin of Chinghiz Khân the Kongurut who had set out to submit to him were attacked while on their way by his brother Juchi Khasar who was living apart from him, and at the instigation of Gebe, and they accordingly went and joined Chamukha." It must be remembered that the arrangement of the events of the early life of Chinghiz which I have followed, namely, that related in the Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi, is different in its order to that of the other authorities which now, and not at an earlier stage as we have done, describe the struggle with Chamukha on the river Argun. Rashidu'd-din at this point also mentions the submission of the aged Bayant chief Surkhan. He makes him relate how Sachabiki, of the race Kiat Yurkin, had endeavoured to become overchief but without success. Chamukha had fared the same, although rich in warriors, horses and craft. Juchi Khasar with similar in- tentions, though he was endowed with strength, courage and prudence, had equally failed. Temujin alone united in his person all the necessary attributes, and in his surroundings all the requisites needed for supremacy," and accordingly submitted to him as his suzerain.
Some time after this we find Ja khan bo, Wang Khân's brother, joining Chin ghiz
* Huang-yuan, p. 163; Berezine, vol. II, pp. 121 and 122: Erdmann, pp. 277 and 278.
45 Op. cit., p. 20.
16 Erdmann rends it Timurges, and D'Ohnson Temour. kin, but Berenino's rending is confirmed by the Huang yuan which has Talan-niamur.
* Huang-yuan, p. 103; Berezine, vol. II, pp. 122 and 123; Erdmann, pp. 278, 279; D'Ohsson, vol. I, p. 62.
49 Huang-yuan, p. 163; Berezine, vol. II, p. 123; Erdmann, p. 279.
Khân while the latter was encamped at Tersu.* This alliance became very important and led to some curions historical results. Jakhanbo was a Kirait and a Christian. Three of his daughters were married to three powerful Mongol chiefs and became very influential historical characters. We can hardly overrate the influence which they exercised upon the religious side of the later Mongol polity. One of these daughters named A baka or A bika Bigi married Chinghiz Khin himself; a second named Bigtute mish or Biktomish Fujin, married Chinghiz Khan's eldest son Jachi, while the third and most important, Siurkuteni or Siukukiti-bigi, was married to his youngest son Tulni and became the mother of the Kha kans Mangu and Khu bila i and of the Il-khan Khulago.81
Let us now revert again to Wang Khân. In the year of the dog, i.e. 1202, when Chinghiz Khân marched against the Tartars, as we described, Wang Khân had an expedition against the Merkit and purgued their chief Tokhta to Barguchin Tokum. He killed Tokhtu's eldest son, Togusi-beki, captured his wife, two daughters, two infant sons and many of his people. On this occasion we are told Wang Khản did not reciprocate Chinghiz Khan's former generosity, nor did he send his friend any portion of the plunder." The same events are told, but in less detail, in the Yuan-shi, and the Kang-mu." The Huang-yuan says that Wang Khân pursued the Merkit as far as the river Ula," that he killed Toto's son Tungyusibigi, captured his two Khatus, Khudu tai and Chalikhun, and also made his two other sons Khuda and Chilaun surrender with their tribes." In this account the Huang-yuan as in several other places approaches very nearly to the story as told by Rashidu'd-dîn. The latter says that the Merkit were defeated at a place called Bokir Keger. Erdmann calls it Bukher Gereh and D'Ohsson Tukar Kehré, while Klaproth reads it Nuker kehreh. Berezine reads the name of the son who was killed Tukusi bika, while Erdmann reads it Tugun
" Berezine, vol. II, pp. 122 and 123; Erdmann, pp. 278 and 279.
30 Y an-ch'ao-pi-shi, p. 75. 31 See Qantremere's Hist. des Mongols de la Perse, pp. 85-91, and notes.
3? Palladius suggests that by Tokum, a wide fissure on the lower Selinga is meant, vide his note to the Yuan-ch'aopi-shi, p. 269.
3 Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi, p. 80. 3. Douglas, pp. 21 and 22; Hyacinthe, p. 16; De Mailla, tom. IX, p. 20.
* () The Uda. > Op. cit., p. 160.
