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SEPTEMBER, 1881.]
CHINGHIZ KHAN AND HIS ANCESTORS.
267
History by Chin Yun-Seih. According to this account, Chinghiz Khân having suffered a very severe defeat at the hands of Wang Khân, had to fly with but 19 followers, and escaped to the river Panchune. His provisions being exhausted, and being in distress, a crow passed by, whereupon a flight of arrows was shot, which killed it. A difficulty arose as to how it was to be cooked, upon which Chapar or the Ghebr, a tall, squareeyed, broad-foreheaded western worshipper of fire said, 'Give me the bird.' He took it, and skinned it, and having pat as much of the flesh us would make a meal for Chinghiz Khan into the skin, and having added water from the river, he boiled the flesh in the skin over the fire." Mr. Douglas says that the Chinese editor adds a marginal note of exclamation, "A wonderful pot, indeed!" I would remark that Chapar is mentioned in the Yuan-shi-lei-pen as one of Chinghiz Khan's companions at this time. In that work we are told he belonged to a royal family of the west called Sai-i." He was well skilled in war, and was a worshipper of fire, and the Chinese text adds as a gloss to his name Chapa-ul, the character ho meaning fire, and the text explains that this is added to shew what the religion of Chapar was." The Yuan-shi-leipen also refers to the distress of Chinghiz at Pan-chu-ni, tells us that Khasar killed a horse for him there, and that he and his companions swore a solemn oath of fidelity to each other, drinking meanwhile from the muddy water of the Pan-chu-ni. It adds that the officers with their families who thus drank together were always highly regarded and piqued themselves on their special fidelity. 86
Rashidu'd-dîn says that after the battle of Khalaljin Alat, Chinghiz Khân was obliged to withdraw, and retired to Baljuna, where both men and cattle had to drink from turbid water, inasmuch as there was only an insignificant and scanty supply. On his way the greater part of his army left him under the pretext that he had altered the existing laws and regu. lations, and that he had grown too weak to
Douglas, p. 38. 3 Descendant of the Sassanian princes. 3. The Chinese way of writing Chapar.
35 Ganbil, pp. 6 and 9. Chapar or Jabar is mentioned in chapter 120, in the biographical section of the Yuan-Shi. Bretschneider reads Dja-ba-r huo-dio. He says that he was reported to belong to Sai-yi in the Si-yü (i.e. the Western land, meaning here Persia). He was the chief of his tribe, whence the title of Hun-djo, which we are told, in their language was the name of an office (doubtless the Persian Khöjah). He was tall, with a long beard, large eyes, and broad forehead, brave, and a skilful rider and archer.-
make a stand. He thereupon insisted that those who were faithful to him should swear with their eyes raised to heaven and their hands clasped, to remain true, through bitter and through gweet, and that if they broke their word that they might become like the muddy water of the Baljuna. Having drunk from the bowl, he gave it to his companions, who also drank. These faithful companions, we are told, were afterwards known as Baljuntu, and were magnificently rewarded. Von Hammer compares the name with that of Mohajirin, i.e. outcasts, borne by the companions of Muhammed's early misfortunes. The Yuan-shi says that Chinghiz Khân, while in his weak condition at Banchu-ni, was joined by a section of the Kongurut and by Putu, the chief of the Ekhilasze or Inkirasses, who had been driven away by the Khurulas." The Yuan-shi-lei-pen says he was joined by his brothers-in-law Wa-chen, chief of the Hongila, i.e. the Kongurut, and Pu-tu of the Ikiliesse, by Kueli, brother of Toli," by Chupar and several other chiefs. The Huang-Yuan and Rashidu'd-dîn also mention that the Inkirasses, who were being pressed by the Khuralas, joined Chinghiz Khân at this time. All the authorities mention that he was also joined by his brother Khasar. The Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi tells us that Khasar, who had been with Wang Khân, left his wife and his three sons Yegu, Yesungi, and Tukhu in the latter's hands, and escaped without anything, and with some of his companions went to search for his brother. He got as far as the Kharaun, i.e. the Khing-gam, but could not see him from its summit. His provisions were exhausted, and he was reduced to feed on the raw hide and the sinews of a cow. In this condition he reached lake Baljuna, where he had an interview with Chinghiz."
In the Yuan--shi we read that Chinghiz was joined by Khasar (called Khojar by Hyacinthe, and Hochar by Douglas) with his little son To-kan or Tokwan, who came from the Kalagun-ol." He had been routed by Wang Khân, who had captured his wives and his other Bretschneider, Notices, &c. p. 49. 30 Op. cit., p. 9.
37 Berezine, vol. II, pp. 132 and 133; Erdmann, p. 288; D'Oheson, vol. I, pp. 71 and 72; Von Hammer, Golden Horde, p. 65.
> Hyacinthe, pp. 28 and 29; Douglas, pp. 38 and 39. 30 i. e. of Wang Khan.
" Gaubil, p. 9. • Huang-Yuan, p. 175; Erdmann, p. 288. 11 Op. cit., p. 96. *3 Douglas reads it Holakwan, but Hyacinthe's is doubtless the correct reading, the name being the Chinese transcript of Karaun.
