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APRIL, 1881.]
CHINGHIZ KHAN AND HIS ANCESTORS.
117
etymology is also remarkably confirmed by a the event in 1189, when he was 28 years old." correspondence of Chinghiz Khân with the This variation shews the uncertainty of the Taouist philosopher Ch'ang-ch'an. In a chronology of the early life of Chinghiz. I am phrase in one of the former's letters we read : disposed to accept the dates given by Marco Polo " It seems to me that since the remote time and Ssanang Setzen as approximately fixing the of our Shanya such a vast empire has not been earlier proclamation of the great Khak a n. seen.*' In a note Palladius adds that the ex- Having been made Khakan, Chinghiz, pression proves that Chinghiz considered the according to the Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi, appointancient Hiong Nu as the ancestors of the Mon- ed Ogelai, the younger brother of Boorchu, gols. This view he seems to deprecate on the Khachian, Jedai and Dokholkhu, the four ground that Klaproth shewed the Hiong Na bow bearers. They were styled Khorchi, and to have been Turks, but I believe Klaproth's were attached to his person as his immediate position in this matter is untenable." In bodyguards. Vangara Sueiiketu and Khadasupport of the contention here arged I may add andaldurkhân were appointed superintendents that according to Schmidt the titles Suta of the commissariat. Degai was made chief Bogda given by the author of the Altan Topchi shepherd. Guchagaru was given charge of the and Ssanang Setzen to Chinghiz Khân are the kibitkas or baggage waggons and Dodai of the same in meaning as Tengri Kuba, the title domestics. Khubilai, Chilgutai, Kharkhaito. given to the chiefs of the Hiang Nu,
khuraun and his own brother Khazar were Su, or, with the guttural pronunciation, gu or nominated sword-bearers. His other brother ku, signifies the incarnate emanation of the Belgatai with Kharaldaitokharaun were made Deity which is supposed to dwell in great mon- herdsmen over the horses and stud masters. archs, and bogda means divine."
Daichiudaikhutu, Morichi and Mutkhalkha were Palladius says that Kha bila i gave the Kin made overseers of the pastures. Arkhaikhazar, emperor Tai Tou in the temple of the ancestors Takhai, Sukigha, and Chaurkhan were appoint. the style of Chinghiz," which again confirms | ed adjatants. The brave Sabutai undertook this contention.
to give his services generously to his patron, In regard to the date of the proclamation of he said he would lay up stores for him like an Chinghiz Khân there is apparently great old mouse, fly like a crow, cover like a horsecontradiction among the authorities, and it cloth and shelter like a felt. Boorchu and would seem that he was in fact twice so pro- Jelmi, who had been faithful to him in his claimed, once by his immediate followers, and great distress, he appointed his own deputies. again when he had become master of the greater Chinghiz now addressed the crowd, and told part of the nomades of Mongolia. Rashidu'd- them how he would make fortune shine on din apparently only refers to the second of these them for having left Chamukh a to join him. proclamations, which he dates in 1202 or 1203. He then dismissed them to their houses. He sent The Yuan-shi dates it in 1206," but we there Takhaya and Sukighaya to inform his old friend also find a reference to a previous proclama- the Kirai Tughrul of his elevation, and tion." De la Croix saggests that he became similarly deputed Arkhaikhazar and Chaurkhân emperor or Khakan in 1203 and adopted the title to go and inform Chamakha. The former of Chinghiz in 1205.68
was apparently pleased, and remarked that they Abulfaraj dates the commencement of the could not have got on without a Khakan, and Mongol dynasty in the year 599 of the Hejra, i.e. advised them to be faithful to him. The latter 1202-3. Marco Polo has the words "it came to asked how it was that they had not proclaimed pass in the year of Christ's Incarnation 1187 him when they were together, and bade them that the Tartars made them a king whose name reassure Temujin, who, he suggested, was was Chinghiz Khân."$ Ssanang Setzen dates illdisposed towards him.
p. 121.
· Bretachneider, Notes on Chinese Medieval Travellers, 17 Id., note.
" See article Hun, by Henry H. Howorth, Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. XII.
" Ssapang Setsen, p. 379.
40 Yuan-ch'ao-pi-shi, note 184, 61 Douglas, op. cit. pp. 53-54. 39 P. 37. 53 The History of Genghiscan the Great, pp. 74 and 88. 5* Op. cit. Ed Yule, p. 233. $$ Op. cit. p. 71.
