Mahavira Jayanti Smarika 1977

Author(s): Bhanvarlal Polyaka
Publisher: Rajasthan Jain Sabha Jaipur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/014023/1

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mAlAmA mAmAmA Lilan mahAvIra jayantI - smArikA 1977 prakAzaka rAjasthAna jaina sabhA jayapura POEROIN TILLULAIT tecntiar For Private & Personal use only www.astoral

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aGka : 14 2575vIM jayantI mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 1977 pradhAna sampAdaka: bhaMvaralAla polyAkA jainadarzanAcArya, sA0 zAstrI sampAdaka maNDala: DA0 narendra bhAnAvata zrI padamacanda sAha ema. e., sampAdanakalA vizArada prabaMdha sampAdaka : zrI ramezacandra gaMgavAla vijJApana samiti: zrI kapUracanda pATanI zrI dezabhUSaNa saugAnI zrI sumeramAra jaina zrI munnIlAna jaina zrI kailAzacandra baida zrI narezakumAra seThI zrI rAjakumAra kAlA ema. e., elaela. bI. prakAzaka : bAbUlAla seThI maMtrI rAjasthAna jaima sabhA, nayapura

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rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura padAdhikArIgaNa evaM kAryakAriNI ke sadasya adhyakSa upAdhyakSa upAdhyakSa mantrI sa0 mantrI saM0 mantrI koSAdhyakSa sadasya 1. zrI rAjakumAra kAlA 2. zrI tArAcandra sAha 3. zrI pUnamacandra sAha __ zrI bAbUlAla seThI 5. zrI prakAzacanda TholiyA zrI bhAgacanda chAbar3A zrI surajJAnIcanda luhAr3iyA 8. zrI kapUracanda pATanI 6. zrI pravINacanda chAbaDA zrI sUrajamala saugANI 11. zrI ratanalAla chAbar3A 12. zrI lallUlAla jaina 13. zrI kailAzacanda godhA zrI trilokacanda kAlA zrI ramezacanda gaMgavAla zrI aruNa kumAra sonI zrI subhASa kAlA zrI rAjamala jaina begasyA zrI mahezacanda kAlA zrI jJAnaprakAza bakSI kumArI prIti jaina 22. zrI bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 23. zrI rAdhAkizana jaina 24. zrI ratanalAla jaina 25. zrI javAharalAla jaina

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janma : caitra vizva Aja jinakI 2575vIM jayantI manA rahA hai mey zuklA trayodazI } "ydoo" XXXX janma caita sita terasa ke dina, bidra nAdAna kuNDalapura kana varanA / suragira suraguru pUja racAyo, maiM pUjoM bhaya haranA // 28 J.102 4 tana, mokSa : kArtika kRSNA zramAvasthA

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bhAzIrvacana upAdhyAya vidyAnanda muni 2662, kAjI vAr3A dariyAgaMja, dillI 16-3-77 rAjasthAna jaina sabhA mahAvIra jayantI ke punIta parva para eka smArikA kA prakAzana kara rahI hai samayAnukUla kArya hai| smArikA meM prakAzita sAmagrI paThanIya evaM pramANita ho yahI smArikA kI vizeSatA hai| smArikA pAThakoM ke lie upayogI ho yahI merI zubhAzIrvAda zubhAzIrvAda sandeza rAja bhavana baigalora mArca 5, 1977 mujhe yaha jAnakara bahuta khuzI huI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jayantI-samAroha ke avasara para rAjasthAna jaina sabhA eka jayantI smArikA prakAzita karane jA rahI hai| smArikA meM jaina darzana, itihAsa, saMskRti tathA sAhitya para pratiSThita vidvAnoM ke gaveSaNApUrNa lekhoM ke prakAzana se usakI upayogitA bahuta bar3ha jaaygii| aisI smArikA ko saba hI prabuddha pAThaka prApta karanA tathA dhyAna se adhyayana karanA cAheMge / rAjasthAna jaina samAja ke isa prAyojana kA meM svAgata karatA hU~ aura yaha hArdika kAmanA karatA hU~ ki smArikA sarvAGga sundara tathA sarvopayogI siddha ho / -umAzaMkara dIkSita rAjyapAla, karNATaka

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seTha mUlacanda sonI mArga anopa cauka, ajamera 3-3-77 zrIyut bAbUlAlajI seThI ___maMtrI, rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura sAdara jayajinendra ! ApakA kRpA patra milaa| Apa prAgAmI zrI mahAvIra jayantI ke puNya parva para jayantI smArikA kA prakAzana kara rahe haiM, yaha prabagata kara hArdika prasannatA huii| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke vizva hitaiSI upadezoM ke prasArArtha smArikA prakAzana kA prayAsa zlAghanIya hai / vIra prabhu kI dezanA kA puNya lAbha janasAdhAraNa ko adhikAdhika mile, yaha smArikA kA lakSya honA cAhiye / satya, ahiMsA, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kI puNya salilA meM jana-mana nimagna ho, yaha prathamataH prAvazyaka hai| kyoMki samagna hitaiSI ukta siddhAnta sArvajanIna dRSTi se vizva maMca para svIkAre jA cuke haiN| vizvAsa hai Apake saprayAsa meM ukta bhAvanA kA samAbeza hogA / suSThu prakAzana ke liye hArdika zubhakAmanAeM / pApakA -bhAgacanda sonI

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anukramaNikA apanI bAta pradhyakSIya sampAdakIya VII prakAzakIya XIII XV grAbhAra jaina sabhA kA paricaya XVI prathama khaNDa 1. vIra stavanam DA. pAlAla sAhityAcArya 2. bhagavAn mahAvIra : jIvana jhalaka zrI nandakizora jaina 3. eka pada (kajarI banArasI) vyathita hRdaya 4. ahiMsA ke pratIka mahAvIra paM0 subhASacandra darzanAcArya 5. bhautika jagat aura mokSa kumArI prIti jaina 6. jaina bauddha sAdhanA paddhati zrI udayacandra prabhAkara 7. arpita kara meM akSata candana (gadya kAvya) zrI ghAsIrAma jaina candra' 8. paMca kalyANakoM kA svarUpa aura bha. mahAvIra zrI mAditya pracaNDiyA 9. paramapUjya zrI varddhamAna ko (kavitA) zrI hajArIlAla jaina 'kAkA' 10. bhagavAna mahAvIra zrImatI suzIlA bAkalIvAla 11. bhagavAn mahAbIra, vItarAgatA aura nirvANa DA. devendrakumAra zAstrI

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12. jainadharma aura karmasiddhAnta 13. yugoM yugoM taka amara rahegA mahAvIra sandeza tumhArA ( kavitA 14. mAnava jIvana aura bha0 mahAvIra 15. saptabhaMgI, pratIkAtmaka aura trimUlyAtmaka 16. zAbdika satya usakA sthUla saMskaraNa hotA hai 17. tIrthaMkara kauna hai ? 18. ye jIvana eka raina kA sapanA 19. aparigraha vrata 20. jaina dharma zraura vaidika dharma 21. saca aura jhUTha 22. vyavahAra naya kI upayogita 23. janma maMgala gIta ( kavitA ) 24 tIrthaMkara varddha mAna 25. vizva ke kalyANa (kavitA) 26. zUnyavAda samIkSA 27. kASTha nahIM kapAsa bano 28. mahAvIra kI prajAtAMtrika dRSTi 29. jaina darzana kI eka divyadRSTi 30. samaya na cUkata catura nara 31. jJAna kA khajAnA ( kavitA ) 32. anekAnta aura jIvana vyApAra 33. zuddha bhAvanA, mahAvIra uvAca ( kavitA ) 34. jaina darzana kA tAvika pakSa : vastusvAtantrya 35. matabheda nahIM aba raha pAye ( kavitA ) 36. jaina tarka vAGmaya meM strI mukti kA tArkika vivecana 37. aut ? ( lekha pratiyogitA meM puraskRta lekha ) 38. janahita meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ( prathama ) (dvitIya) 13 71 39. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana ) zrAyikA jJAnamatI mAtAjI paM. anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha mahanta parvatapurI gosvAmI DA. sAgaramala jaina DA. mahendrasAgara pracaNDiyA vyohAra rAjendra siMha zrI bhagavAn svarUpa jaina DA. kachedIlAla jaina pro. zrIraMjana sUrideva zrI motIlAla surAnA paM. gulAbacanda jainadarzanAcArya DA. bar3akula 'dhavala' upAdhyAya muni zrI vidyAnaMdajI zrI zarmanalAla jaina 'sarasa' DA. ramezacanda jaina zrI maMgala jaina 'pra emI' DA. nijAmauddIna prA. ramezacandra zAstrI DA. narendra bhAnAvata vaidya ramezacandra jaina zrI jamanAlAla jaina zrI motIlAla surANA DA. hukamacaMda bhArilla munizrI nathamala DA. lAlacaMda jaina zrI prakAza zrameya zrI hemantakumAra jaina zrI jinendra kumAra seThI suzrI kanakalatA baMda dharmAlaMkAra 29 32 33 39 53 55 58 59 63 66 67 70 71 74 75 82 83 87 89 92 93 98 99 104 105 108 109 112 113

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37 47 dvitIya khaNDa kalA, saMskRti aura sAhitya 1. tamila bhAratI ko jaina manISiyoM kA yogadAna zrI ramAkAnta jaina 2. jaisalamera kA jaina zilpa pri. zrI kundanalAla jaina 3. prAcIna jaina rAma sAhitya meM sItA DA. lakSmInArAyaNa dube 4. zveta zrI (gadya kAvya) zrI sureza sarala 5. paMca muktaka paM. premacaMda divAkara 6. rayaNasAra ke racayitA kauna ? paM. baMzIdharajI zAstrI 7. prAkRta sAhitya meM zrI devI kI loka paramparA zrI rameza jaina 8. yaha mAnava jIvana (gadya kAvya) ku. USAkiraNa 9. zrama sAdhanA aura zramaNa saMskRti DA. kRpAzaMkara vyAsa 10. kaba se dina dikheMge (gadya kAvya) zrI maMgala jaina 'premI' 11. bha. mahAvIra : mUrtilekhoM va zilAlekhoM meM DA. zobhanAtha pAThaka 12. eka satya kA dvAra (kavitA) zrI bhavAnIzaMkara 13. khAravela kI tithi zrI nIraja tathA DA kanhaiyAlAla 14. bha. mahAvIra aura buddha kI paramparAoM meM DA. premasumana jaina jana bhASAoM kA vikAsa 15. jaba hama tumako dekha sakeMge (kavitA) zrI anokhIlAla ajamerA 16. kyA vimalasUri yApanIya the ? DA. kusuma paToriyA 17. asampRkta lagAva (gadya kAvya) DA. narendra bhAnAvata 18. saMgIta lahara (gadya kAvya) zrI udayacandra prabhAkara zAstrI 19. priMsa Apha velsa saMgrahAlaya meM kAMsya mUrtiyAM DA. brajendranAtha zarmA 20. mahAvIra kI vANI (kavitA) zrI jJAnacaMdra jaina 21. eka vicitra jina bimba zrI zailendrakumAra rastaugI 22 ahiMsA (gadya kAvya) zrI seThiyA 23. zramaNa saMskRti kI prAcInatA zrImatI candrakalA jaina 24. jainapura jayapura DA. kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla 25. amRta vacana pra. bhU. lADalIprasAda jaina 26. maMgala gIta (kavitA) DA. bar3akula 27. bAhara kA vijJAna bar3hAyA kitanA (kavitA) zrI nihAlacaMda jaina 28. citrita jaina pANDulipiyoM kA kramika vikAsa ku. kamalA jaina 29. jaina dharma kA bhAratIya kalA aura zrI sudarzana jaina saMskRti ko yogadAna | 63 66 67 77 81 82 83 85 94

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tRtIya khaNDa vividha 1. vizvAsa kI rakSA (nATaka) 2. usakI kahAnI : na maraNa na mokSa 3. nara nArAyaNa banA tor3a kara karmoM ko jaMjIra (kavitA) 4. dRSTAnta kI lar3AI lar3AI kA dRSTAnta : 5. vicAra bindu 6. samaya kI mAMga 7. eka prazna 8. nirvANa zatI varSa kI mahAn upalabdhi 9. mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI.... 10. nava sAhitya : kasauTI para 1. Tri-ratna in Jain Philosophy 2. Jainism and Linguistic Analysis 3. India of Mahavira's Time 4. Premediaeval Jain Novels zrImatI rUpavatI kiraNa zrI sureza sarala zrI kalyANakumAra jaina 'zazi' zrI nIraja jaina paM. pra emacaMda divAkara DA. jayakizanaprasAda khaNDelavAla zrI gulAbacaMda vaidya zrI pratApacaMda jaina zrI hajArIlAla jaina kAkA caturtha khaMDa prAMgla bhASA (English Section ) Dr. Prem Chand Jain Dr. Harendra Prasad Verma Dr. S. M. Pabadiya Dr. Jyoti Prasad Jain 19 2 1 1 1 2 2 13 16 17 18 19 1 9 21 27

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a no bAta

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on mahAvIra-vAraNI 1. kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na karanA hI jJAnI hone kA sAra hai| 2. jIva mare yA jIye isase hiMsA kA sambandha nahIM hai| yatnAcAra-hIna . pramAdI puruSa nizcita rUpa se hiMsaka hai| yatnAcArapUrvaka pramAdahIna pravRtti karane vAle ko jIva kI hiMsA ho jAne mAtra se baMdha nahIM hotaa| 3. samyakjJAna kA phala zuddha cAritra hai / 4. ahiMsA, saMyama aura taparUpa dharma hI utkRSTa maMgala arthAt kalyANakArI hai / 5. apramatta aura sAvadhAna rahate hue sadA hitakArI, mita aura priya vacana bolanA caahie| 6. paropakArI loga apanI ApattiyoM kA vicAra nahIM krte| 7. jIva ke acche aura bure bhAva hI puNya tathA pApa kramazaH haiN| . 8. bAMdhe hue zubha aura azubha karmoM kA phala avazya hI bhoganA par3atA hai| 6. sana ke vikalpoM ko roka dene para yaha prAtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai / 10. tU hI karma karane vAlA hai, tU hI unakA acchA burA phala bhogane vAlA hai tathA tU hI mukta hone vAlA hai phira karmabaMdhana se mukta hokara svAdhIna hone kA prayatna kyoM nahIM karatA / / 11. tU svayaM hI terA guru hai / A pharma-gulAbacaMda kAsalIvAla 35 III bhoIvAr3A, kAsalIvAla bhavana bambaI dvArA pracArita

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adhyakSIya zrAja se 2575 varSa pUrva bhAratavarSa kI hI nahIM sampUrNa vizva kI bar3I hI cintAjanaka sthiti thii| sAMsArika viSaya bhogoM meM mAnava isa prakAra phaMsa gayA thA ki use hevAheya, kartavya - kartavya prAdi kA kataI jJAna nahIM rahA thA / vaha bhulA baiThA thA ki jisa taraha merI AtmA hai usI prakAra dUsaroM kI bhI hai, jisa prakAra maiM sugbI honA cAhatA hUM usI prakAra dUsare prANI bhI sukhI honA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA / jihvAlolupatA kI to usane hada hI karadI thii| pazu yajJa se bhI Age bar3ha kara vaha manuSya yajJa para AgayA thaa| yaha hI nahIM apane ina kukRtyoM ke samarthana hetu usane na kevala nae nae granthoM kA nirmANa hI kiyA thA apitu purAne cale Ae granthoM meM bhI ghaTAbar3hI kI thI / veda bhI isase achUte nahIM rahe the / unameM bhI narabali taka sammilita hogaI thI jihvAlolupa yaha kaha kara bali kA samarthana kara rahe the ki devoM ke lie kI gaI bali hiMsA nahIM hai / prANiyoM ke cItkAra se prakAza gUMja rahA thA cAroM mora hAhAkAra macA thA / saba cAhate the ki koI aisA zaktisampanna mAnava isa dharA para avatAra le jo unake kaSToM kA anta kara sake duniyA ko satya kI zrora mor3a sake, prANiyoM ko duHkha se chuDA unheM sukha aura zAMti pradAna kara sake / 1 trayodazI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa the jisa para cala kara duHkhI prANiyoM kA ataH unhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kii| bAraha phalasvarUpa prAja se 2575 varSa pUrva caitra zuklA dharA para janma liyaa| ve janma se hI aise mArga kI khoja meM duHkha dUra ho sake / ghara meM rahakara aisA saMbhava nahIM thA / varSaM taka kI kaThora sAdhanA ke pazcAt jo mArga unheM sUjhA thA jIvana meM ahiMsA kA avataraNa tathA vicAroM me anekAnta tathA vANI meM syAdvAda kA mArga | unhoMne kahA tuma svayaM jIo magara dUsaroM ko bhI jIne do / prAgraha mata karo, saba kI suno, vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se cintana kara satya kA nirNaya karo / jisa dRSTikoNa se tumhArI bAta saca hai dUsare dRSTikoNa se vaha asatya bhI ho sakatI hai / eka dRSTikoNa kevala prAMzika satya kA darzana karAtA hai / bha0 mahAvIra kA batAyA mArga kevala eka kAla ke lie nahIM thA / vaha kAlAtIta thA / usa para calane kI jitanI AvazyakatA taba thI prAja bhI hai| unakA sandeza jana jana taka pahuMce isa pavitra bhAvanA ke vazIbhUta ho sva0 paM0 cainasukhadAsajI kI preraNA se rAjasthAna jaina sabhA ne san 1962 se jayantI para eka aisI smArikA ke prakAzana kA nirNaya liyA jo saba kI sammilita ho usameM nibandha zrAdi samanvaya paraka hoM, sAmpradAyikatA ko ubhArane vAle na hokara ekatA tathA saMgaThana para bala dene vAle hoM sAtha hI jaina itihAsa tathA saMskRti kA paricaya karAne vAle hoM / smArikA ke aba taka 13 aMka pAThakoM ke hAtha meM pahuMca cuke haiN| 14 vAM zraMka unake hAtha meM hai / yaha nirNaya karanA unakA kAma hai hama kahAM taka apane uddezya kI pUrti meM saphala hue haiM / sva0 paM0 cainasukhadAsajI ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt san 1969 se smArikA kA sampAdana paM0 bhaMvaralAlajI polyAkA jaina darzanAcArya karate bhArahe haiN| isa varSa bhI unhoMne hI hamArA anurodha svIkAra kara asvastha hote hue bhI kAphI alpa samaya meM isa kArya ke sampAdana meM jisa karttavyaniSThA aura lagana kA paricaya diyA hai usake liye mere pAsa zrI polyAkAjI ko dhanyavAda arpita karane ko zabda nahIM hai / maiM zrI polyAkAjI evaM unake sahayogI zrI padamacandajI kA atyanta AbhArI hUM /

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rAjasthAna jaina sabhA ke kAryakramoM meM kAryakAriNI samiti ke sabhI sAthiyoM kA samaya samaya para mujhe sampUrNa sahayoga milatA rahA hai, vizeSa rUpa se sabhA kI kAryakAriNI samiti ke variSTha sAthI zrI kapUracandajI pATanI ne kaThina se kaThina paristhitiyoM meM bhI apanI kuzalatA se kArya ko saphala banAne meM merI madada kI hai| ve saMsthA ke to prANa hI haiM / saMsthA ke anya variSTha sAthI zrI pravINacandrajI chAbar3A bhI mujhe mArga darzana dete rahe hai / maiM una saba kA bhI atyanta AbhArI huuN| maiM saMsthA ke upAdhyakSa zrI tArAcandajI zAha evaM zrI pUnamacandajI zAha kA bhI prAbhArI hUM jinhoMne samaya samaya para apanI rAya dekara sabhA ko lAbhAnvita kiyA hai / saMsthA ke maMtrI zrI bAbUlAla jI seThI sampUrNa varSa bhara sAmAjika sevA kI bhAvanA se kArya karate rahe haiM, yadi yaha kahA jAve ki seThI jI kI lagnazIlatA evaM kartavya niSThA hI sabhA ko gati de sakI to isameM koI atizayokti nahIM hai| zrI seThI ke sAtha zrI prakAzacandajI TholiyA evaM zrI bhAgacandajI chAbar3A ne bhI pUrNa tana mana se kArya kiyA hai| maiM unakA bhI prAbhArI huuN| zrI vIra sevaka maNDala kA bhI samaya samaya para sahayoga milatA rahA hai unake prati prAbhAra prakaTa kiye binA bhI merA kArya adhUrA hai| mujhe zrI jJAnaprakAza bakSI, zrI rAjendrakumAra bilTIvAlA, zrI hemakumAra caudharI. zrI mahezacanda kAlA, kailAzacanda godhA, zrI aruNakumAra sonI, kumArI prIti jaina Adi kA bhI vizeSa sahayoga milatA rahA hai / maiM unakA bhI bhAbhArI huuN| smArikA ke prakAzana meM pratyakSa evaM apratyakSa rUpa se jinakA sahayoga rahA hai unakA varNana kiye binA bhI nahIM rahA jaataa| zrI ramezacandra jI gaMgavAla ne vijJApana samiti ke saMyojana kA bhAra vahana kara merI kAphI madada kI hai unake sAtha sarva zrI dezabhUSaNajI sogAnI, sumerakumAra jaina munnIlAla jaina, mahezacanda kAlA, kailAzacanda vaida prAdi ke sahayoga ko bhI nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA hai artha-vyavasthA meM sarvazrI surajJAnIcanda luhADiyA. tArAcanda sAha. devakumAra zAha, kailAzacanda sogAnI triloka canda kAlA, tejakaraNa sogAnI prAdi kA bhI kAphI sahayoga rahA hai / maiM vijJApanadAtAmoM kA bhI prAbhArI hUM jinhoMne smArikA ke mahatva ko samajha kara vijJApana dekara isa smArikA ko mUrta rUpa dene meM madada kI hai| maiM samAja ke una sabhI logoM ko jinhoMne vibhinna samitiyoM ke saMyojaka ke rUpa meM bhAra vahana kara kArya ko saphala banAyA dhanyavAda diye binA nahIM raha sakatA huuN| ___ smArikA kA mudraNa kArya mUnalAiTa prinTarsa ne kiyA hai| isake mAlika zrI mahAvIra prasAda jaina evaM presa ke anya karmacAriyoM ke parizrama ke phalasvarUpa yaha smArikA samaya para hI pAThakoM ke hAtha meM hai ve bhI dhanyavAda ke pAtra hai| ___ smArikA meM rahI truTiyoM ke lie maiM apanA uttaradAyitva svIkara karatA huuN| bhaviSya meM isase bhI sundara rUpa meM smArikA prakAzita ho sake etadartha pAThakoM ke sujhAvoM kA svAgata hai| mujhe prAzA paura vizvAsa hai ki pAThakagaNa pUrva kI bhAMti prastuta smArikA se lAbhAnvita hoNge| smArikA meM koI bhI kamI hai to isakA doSI maiM hI ho sakatA hUM bhaviSya meM aura sundara banAI jAne hetu pAThakoM ke sujhAva mAmantrita haiN| rAjakumAra kAlA pradhyakSa

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Me sampAdakIya rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura dvArA prativarSa prakAzita hone vAlI smArikA zrRMkhalA meM aba taka piroI gaI 13 kar3iyoM ke sAtha yaha 14 vIM kar3I pirote hue hameM varabasa kI svanAmadhanya zraddhaya guruvarya paM0 cainasukhadAsajI nyAyatIrthaM kA nAma smaraNa ho AtA hai jinake satparAmarza evaM AzIrvAda se sabhA ne smArikA prakAzana dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA pAvana sandeza tathA jainadharma, darzana, kalA, itihAsa, sAhitya Adi se sambandhita sAMdarbhika sAmagrI jana jana taka pahuMcAne kA mahatvapUrNa sunirNaya liyA aura jIvana paryanta jinhoMne usake sampAdana kA bhAra vahana kiyA / ve 'ziSyAdicchet parAjayam' isa vedavAkya ke anusarttA the / apane ziSyoM ko apane se Age bar3hate dekha unakA hRdaya prasannatA se pulakita ho uThatA thA / zrAja bhI saiMkar3oM upAdhidhArI tathA anupAdhidhArI unake ziSya zrapane DhaMga se unake adhUre chor3e kArya ko Age bar3hAne meM lage hue haiN| zraddhAnata hai hamArA mastaka unake punIta caraNoM meM / abhI abhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA 2500 vAM nirvANa varSa hama bar3I dhUmadhAma se manA cuke haiM maura netA tathA vidvadvRnda unakI upalabdhiyoM aura anupalabdhiyoM kA lekhA jokhA lagAne meM saMlagna haiM / jaina ke vibhinna sampradAyoM meM aikya sthApana bhI nirvAraNa varSa ke uddezyoM meM se eka thA aura ekatA kA vaha udghoSa jaba taba jaina patroM tathA pleTaphArmoM para sunAI bhI par3A kintu isa prora vAstavika rUpa se hama kitanA Age bar3he haiM yaha prazna vicAraNIya evaM samIkSaNIya hai| jaina ekatA meM mukhya bAdhaka hamAre bAhya kriyAkANDa, pUjAsthala, tIrthakSetra prAdi haiN| inako lekara digambara zvetAmbara hI nahIM lar3ate digambara digambara bhI lar3ate haiM, mukadame bAjI karate haiM, eka dUsare ko nIcA dikhAne kA, chIchAledAra karane kA prayatna karate haiM / jainoM kI jo zakti kucha Thosa upalabdhiyoM ke lie laganA cAhiye vaha aise kAryoM meM lage kyA yaha hama mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie zobhA kI bAta hai ? saMskRta ke eka kavi ne kahA hai na vaM bhinnA jAtu varannIha dharma na vai sukhaM prAptuvantIha bhinnAH / na vai bhinnA gauravaM prApnuvaMti na vai bhinnA prazamaM rocate // jina logoM meM phUTa hai, jo saMgaThana zIla nahIM haiM unheM na to isa loka meM dharma kI prApti ho sakatI hai, na ve sukhI hI ho sakate haiM; na unheM gaurava kI prApti ho sakatI hai auaura na unheM kabhI jIvana meM zAMti mila sakatI hai / ( vii )

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saMsAra meM saiMkar3oM udAharaNa hameM aise saralatA se sulabha ho jAveMge jo hameM saMgaThana kA mahattva batA sakeM / saMgaThita tinake buhArI kA rUpa lekara ghara ke kUr3e karkaTa ko bAhara pheMkane meM saphala hotI hai kintu asaMgaThita avasthA meM svayaM bhI kUr3e ke Dhera ke atirikta anya kucha nahIM hotii| yahI hAla rassI kA hai| choTe choTe tantu jaba saMgaThita hokara rassI kA rUpa le lete haiM to bar3e bar3e masta hAthI bhI usase bAMdhe jA sakate haiM / alaga-alaga hone kI avasthA meM una tantunoM ko eka bAlaka bhI prAsAnI se tor3a sakatA hai / alaga alaga lakaDiyAM AsAnI se tor3I jA sakatI haiM kintu jaba ve bhAre ke rUpa meM ho unheM bhukAyA bhI nahIM jA sakatA / jo saMgaThina ITeM makAna kA nirmANa karatI haiM ve hI asaMgaThita avasthA meM malabA kahalAtA hai / mahAsAgara kA nirmANa ananta choTI-choTI binduoM se hI hotA hai / vaidika mAnyatAnusAra hama jisa yuga meM raha rahe haiM vaha kalikAla hai| jaina mAnyata nusAra yaha paMcama dukhamA nAmaka kAla hai / nAma bheda ke atirikta inake svarUpa meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| mahAbhAratakAra ne isa yuga meM saMgaThana kI zakti kA vizeSa mahatva batAyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai'saMghe zaktirkalIyuge' kaliyuga meM saMgaThana ke atirikta aura koI zakti nahIM hai / saMgaThana ke isa mahatva ko hamane nahIM samajhA isalie kisI bhI kSetra meM bhAja hamArI koI AvAja nahIM hai / hamAre se kama saMkhyA vAle sikha sampradAya kI jo sthiti hai kyA hama usakI tulanA kara sakate haiN| sarakAra bhI unakI AvAja ko anasunA karane kA sAhasa nahIM kara sakatI kyoMki unakI AvAja ke pIche sagaThana kI zakti hotI hai / muslima sampradAya kI bhI yahI bAta hai| prasannatA kI bAta yaha hai ki hamArI samAja ke netAoM ne isa kamI ko anubhava kara sampUrNa disambara samAja kA eka saMgaThana banAne kA nirNaya kiyA kintu kheda hai vighnasaMtoSI jIvoM ko vaha priya nahIM havA / abhI to usakA vidhAna bana kara bhI taiyAra nahIM havA aura usane vidhivata kArya karanA bhI prAraMbha nahIM kiyA ki prathamaiva grAse makSikApAta havA / pUjya kAnajI svAmI tathA unake bhaktoM dvArA prakAzita sAhitya ko lekara jo bhI kucha aAja samAja meM nATaka khelA jA rahA hai kyA vaha hamArA sira lajjA se jhukAne ke lie paryApta nahIM hai| isake pIche ve loga haiM jinakI rojI roTI hI aise jhagar3oM ko bar3hAvA dene ke pIche calatI hai / kheda kI bAta to yaha hai ki isa jhagar3e meM upAdhikArI vidvAnoM aura kucha sAdhu santoM kA bhI hAtha hai| ye ve hI loga haiM jo samAja meM pratyeka acchI bAta kA virodha karate pAe haiN| pU. varNI jI ko jinhoMne pIchI kamaNDalu losane kI dhamakI dI thii| brahmacArI zItalaprasAdajI kA bhI jinhoMne virodha kiyA thaa| ye koI na koI jhagar3A hamezA hI samAja meM khar3A rakhanA cAhate haiM jisase ki unakA jIvana yApana hotA rhe| kheda hai ki kucha muni loga bhI isa jhagar3e meM sammilita hogae haiN| ve kabhI idhara yA udhara vaktavya dete rahate haiN| unheM bhI bhrama hai ki kahIM bhaktagaNa unakA AhAradAna baMda na krdeN| muniyoM ko isa jhagar3e se kyA lenaa| ve to jJAna dhyAna tapa meM hI lavalIna rahane vAle hote haiM / ye loga bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI aura jainadharma tathA darzana ke talasparzI adhyetA kahe jAte haiN| kyA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyI aisA hI kArya karate haiM ? kyA jaina zAstroM kA adhyayana hameM yaha hI sikhAtA hai ? jaina zAstroM kA svAdhyAya karane se pUrva hameM nikSepoM aura nayoM ko bhale prakAra samajhanA cAhiye, syAdvAda tatva jo ki jainAgama kA prANa hai, hadayaMgama karanA cAhiye / nikSepa hameM batAtA hai ki zabdoM kA prayoga kaise hotA hai / nAma nikSepa se kisI kA bhI nAma ( viii )

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mahAvIra ho sakatA hai kintu bhAva nikSepa se mahAvIra kevala vaha hI kahalA sakatA hai jisameM mahAvIratva kA guNa ho| dravya nikSepa se bhU. pU. mahAvIra aura honevAle mahAvIra bhI mahAvIra kahalA sakate haiN| janma ke samaya mahAvIra tIrthaMkara nahIM the| bhAva nikSepa se to ve tIrthaMkara taba hue the jaba unhoMne kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt dharma tIrtha kI pravartanA kI thI magara dravya nikSepa se ve bhaviSya meM dharmatIrtha kI pravartanA karane vAle hone ke kAraNa janma se hI tIrthaMkara kahalAte the| sthApanA nikSepa se mahAvIra kI mUrti bhI mahAvIra kahalAtI hai aura tadanurUpa hI unakI pUjA, upAsanA, stuti, sammAna prAdi hotA hai| zabdoM ke isa prayogaparipATI ke na samajhane vAloM ke lie isameM lar3AI kA kAphI masAlA mila sakatA hai| yaha hI bAta pAlakArika bhASA ke sambandha meM bhI lAgU hotI hai| kisI bhI moTe AdamI ko dekha kara use prAyaH hAthI kaha diyA jAtA hai isakA artha yaha kadApi nahIM hai ki vaha vAstava meM hI hAthI hai / nadI para rahane kA artha yaha nahIM hotA ki amuka manuSya nadI ke bIca pAnI para rahatA hai apitu yaha hai ki vaha nadI ke kinAre rahatA hai| zahara meM AkAza ko chUne vAle makAnoM kA artha yaha nahIM ki ve vAstava meM hI prAkAza ko chUte haiM apitu yaha hai ki zahara meM bahuta Uce UMce makAna haiM / kevala vAkya meM prayukta zabdoM kA jyoM kA tyoM artha karane vAloM ke lie yahAM bhI lar3AI kA kAphI masAlA mila sakatA hai magara hai vaha prajJAna kI parAkASThA hii| isI prakAra zabdoM kA artha karate samaya prasaMga kA bhI dhyAna rakhanA par3atA hai| roTI khAte samaya saidhava kA artha namaka hogA aura lar3AI ke maidAna meM yaha hI zabda ghor3e kA vAcaka hogaa| saiMdhava kA artha karate samaya yadi prasaMga kA dhyAna na rakhA jAya aura roTI khAte samaya khAne vAle dvArA saindhava mAMgane para use namaka na parosa usake sAmane ghor3A khar3A kara diyA jAya to sociye kaisI vicitra sthiti hogii| jaina zAstroM ke anusAra bali prathA kA prArambha 'aja' zabda kA artha 'nahIM kAma meM yA puna: utpAdana meM azakya anAja' na karake bakarA artha karane ke kAraNa huvaa| Apako eka satya kintu majedAra ghaTanA batAtA huuN| maiM jaba sarakArI sarvisa meM thA hamAre baoNsa kheloM ke bar3e zaukIna the| ve nitya klaba meM Tenisa khelane jAyA karate the| sAtha meM unakA capar3AsI bhI jAtA thaa| klaba meM bar3e-bar3e aphasara, jAgIradAra Adi Ate the| eka bAra smRti doSa se ve apanI kAra kI cAbI kAra meM hI lagI chor3a paae| unhoMne capar3AsI se moTara meM se moTara kI cAbI lAne ko kahA to vaha daur3A daur3A gayA aura moTara meM cAbI dene kA haiNDila uThA le gayA kyoMki vaha use bhI cAbI hI kahatA thA / daur3A daur3A jAkara jaba usane usa bar3e haiNDila ko sammAna pUrvakahamAre baoNsa ko anya samupasthita sajjanoM ke sAmane donoM hAthoM meM lekara prastuta kiyA to saba cauMke ki kyA bAta hai / phira asala bAta jJAta hone para vaha kahakahA lagA ki pApa anumAna kara sakate haiN| saca hai prasaMgAnusAra artha na karane vAle isI prakAra haMsI ke pAtra hote haiM / ghar3A nizcaya naya se miTTI kA hai kintu ghI ke saMyoga se ghI kA ghar3A, dUdha ke saMyoga se dUdha kA ghar3A, mircI ke saMyoga se mircI kA ghar3A vyavahAra naya ke dvArA kahA jAtA hai / nizcaya naya se ghar3e kA astitva utane hI pradezoM meM hai jitane ki usa miTTI meM hai kintu vyavahAra naya se ghar3A kamare meM hai aisA bhI kahA jAtA hai| ye paraspara virodhI dikhane vAlI bAteM eka naya se ThIka haiM to dUsarI naya se ThIka nahIM bhI haiM / zAstrakAro ne naya kA eka lakSaNa 'vakturabhiprAyo nayaH' aisA bhI kiyA hai /

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ataH zAstroM kA paThana karate samaya yaha jAnanA bhI prAvazyaka hai ki amuka bAta se graMthakAra kA vAsta vika abhiprAya kyA hai ? kaunasI naya kA zrAzraya lekara unhoMne vaha bAta kahI hai| sAtha meM yaha bhI jAnane kI bAta hai ki zAstrakAra jisa naya kA Azraya lekara koI bAta kahate haiM to isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki dUsarI naya kI apekSA jo bAta ThIka hai vaha usakA khaNDana karate haiN| hA~ ve use gauNa avazya kara jAte haiM / yahI jaina zAstrakAroM ke kathana kI vizeSatA hai ki jahAM eka koNa se ve kisI bAta kA khaNDana karate haiM to dUsare dRSTikoNa se use svIkAra bhI kara lete haiM / aisA karane para hI sarvadharmasamabhAva athavA saba dharmoM kA samanvaya saMbhava hai / zrAcArya amRtacandra sUri ne apane puruSArthasiddhyupAya nAmaka graMtha meM kyA hI acchI bAta kahI hai-- ekenAkarSantI ilathayantI vastutatvamitareNa / antena jayati jainI nItirmanthAnanetramiva gopI // arthAt jaba jaina zAstrakAra kisI eka naya se padArtha yA vastu tatva kA dahI mathane vAlI gopI ke hAthoM kI taraha vaha naya pradhAna ho jAtI hai zrIra dUsarI skhaNDita nahIM hotI usakA astitva banA rahatA hai / Aja samAja meM jo nimitta upAdAna athavA nizvaya vyavahAra ke jhagar3e samAja kA vAtAvaraNa gaMdA kara rahe haiM usake pIche kAraNa yahI hai ki hama naya vivakSA ko bhUla kara zAstroM kA artha karane lage haiM / dharmatIrtha kA pravartana nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM nayoM ko jAnane vAle hI kara sakate haiM / kevala eka naya kA Azraya lekara mokSamArga kA pravartana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / unahI prAcArya ne spaSTa kahA hai ki 'vyayahAra nizcayajJAH pravartayante jagati tIrtham / paM0 prAzAdharajI ne bhI apane managAradharmAmRta meM yahI bAta kahI hai - - jaI jiraNamayaM pavajjaha tA mA vyavahAra Nicchae munaha / ekeraNa binA hijjai, titthaM pra rA purA taccaM // varNana karate haiM to naya gauNa / vaha yadi tU jinamata meM apanI pravRtti karanA cAhatA hai to vyavahAra aura nizcaya ko mata chor3a kyoMki eka ke bhI prabhAva meM dharmatIrthaM kA prabhAva ha jAyagA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'bhI' ke prayoga ke sAtha sAtha 'hI' ke prayoga kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai / sApekSa vAkyoM meM 'hI' uccarita nahIM hone para bhI vaktA ke abhiprAya meM chupI rahatI hai / hamAre kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki hama vaktA ke kathana kA apane manonukUla artha karanA choDeM / hama usa prapekSA ko samajhane kA prayatna kareM jisa apekSA se vaktA ne vaha bAta kahI hai / ise samajha lene para adhikAMza jhagar3e svataH hI samApta ho jAveMge / maura taba dharmatatva hamArI prAtmA meM utaregA | jainatva kA aMza hamAre meM prAvegA / taba hama nAma nikSepa ke jainI na raha kara bhAva nikSepa se jainI baneMge / yadi hamane pUrvAgraha chor3akara niSpakSa dRSTi se zAstra svAdhyAya kiyA to sahaja hI hamArI samajha meM yaha bAta bhAjAyagI ki kisa dRSTi ne puNya heya bhaura kisa dRSTi se upAdeya hai / upAdAna kA kyA kArya hai aura nimitta kA kyA ? apane apane sthAna para donoM kA hI mahatva hai / dharmAtmAnoM ke bagaira dharma kI sattA nahIM raha sakatI / dharma kA eka lakSaNa yaha bhI hai ki ( x )

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dUsaroM kI mAnyatAoM ko prAghAta na phuNcaayeN| 'majahaba nahIM sikhAtA Apasa meM baira karanA' / dharma dUsaroM kI nindA karanA nahIM sikhAtA, virodhiyoM ko naSTa karanA nahIM sikhAtA, vaha to sabake prati samabhAva kI zikSA detA hai / samatA kA pradAtA hI saccA sampradAya kahalAtA hai / lekina hamArA mArga ulaTA hai | hama dharma ke sammukha na hokara usase vimukha ho rahe haiN| paM0 zrazAdharajI ne ThIka hI kahA thA - 'paNDitaM bhraSTacAritraH jaTharaizca tapodhanaiH / zAsanaM jinacandrasya nirmalaM malinIkRtam || ' kAnajI svAmI vartamAna kAla kI una vibhUtiyoM meM se haiM jinhoMne hajAroM vipathaga miyoM ko satpatha ke mArga para lagAyA hai| jo kArya hamAre nagna digambara sAdhu nahIM kara pAye usa kArya ko unhoMne kara dikhAyA / samAja para unakA yaha upakAra kama nahIM hai| unakI kucha mAnyatAnoM se kimI kA bhI matabheda honA saMbhava hai, yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ve svayaM bhI kahIM galatI para hoM to bhI samaya kA takAjA hai ki ve matabheda manobheda kI hada taka na phuNce| saMgaThita samAja Aja kI mahatI zrAvazyakatA hai | hamArA donoM hI pakSoM se namra nivedana hai ki ve koI aisA kArya apanI ora se na kareM jisase samAja ke saMgaThita hone meM bAdhA upasthita ho / pahale hI saMgaThana ke kArya meM kaI kaThinAiyAM haiM / unameM vRddhi kara 'hama karelA aura nIma car3hA' vAlI ukti caritArthaM na kareM / smArikA ke prakAzana tathA sampAdana ke sambandha meM rAjasthAna jaina sabhA prativarSa nae sire se nizcaya karatI hai / vaha nizcaya itanA vilamba se hotA hai ki vidvAn lekhakoM se naI kRtiyAM prApta karanA bar3A kaSTasAdhya kArya hotA hai / yaha to hamAre lekhakoM aura kaviyoM kA saujanya hai ki ve hamArA eka patra pAne para hI hameM apanI racanAeM bhijavA dete haiM / hameM unheM bAra bAra smRti patra nahIM bhejanA par3atA / yadi yaha sahayoga lekhakoM aura kaviyoM kI ora se hameM nahIM mile to nizcaya hI smArikA samaya para prakAzita hokara pAThakoM ke hAthoM na pahu~ce / etadartha hama hamAre lekhakoM aura kaviyoM ke hRdaya ke antartama se AbhArI haiM / yadi prakAzana evaM sampAdana ke sambandha meM sthAyI rUpa se na sahI jayantI se kama se kama 6 mAsa pUrva bhI nirNaya le liyA jAya to isase bhI acche rUpa meM smArikA kA prakAzana ho sakatA hai / prAzA hai bhaviSya meM sabhA isa sambandha meM kucha bhI nizcaya karegI / isa varSa prasiddha gAMdhIvAdI vicAraka praura lekhaka zrI yazapAlajI jaina kA svargavAsa samAja ke lie bar3I duHkhada ghaTanA hai / ve prantarrASTrIya khyAti ke vyakti the aura deza tathA videzoM meM apanI racanAoM para kaI sammAna tathA puraskAra unhoMne prApta kiye the / smArikA ke bhI ve niyamita lekhaka the / racanA ke sAtha sAtha unake utsAhaprada patra bhI prativarSa hameM prApta hote the / jaina samAja meM ekatA sthApita karane hetu ve mana vaca karma se rata the / aisI mahAn prAtmA kA prayoga samAja kI hI nahIM rASTra kI kSati hai / dUsare vayovRddha lekhaka zrI daulatarAma 'mitra' bhAnapurA the jo hama se bichur3a gaye / hama donoM zrAtmAnoM ke zAMti evaM sadgatilAbha hetu kAmanA karate haiM / smArikA kA yaha 14 vAM aMka jaisA bhI hama se bana saMvara sakA Apake hAthoM meM hai / isa para ApakI niSpakSa sammati kA sarvadA svAgata hai / jaisA ki prativarSa hotA hai isa varSa bhI bahuta sI racanAeM isa yA usa kAraNa se smArikA meM apanA sthAna grahaNa nahIM kara pAI haiN| ve khedapUrvaka unake lekhakoM ko lauTAI jA rahI hai| prasiddha itihAsa vettA zrI digambaradAsajI eDavokeTa kI eka vRhatkAya racanA bhI inameM hai jisameM unhoMne 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI aitihAsikatA ko siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| racanA itanI adhika lambI thI ( xi )

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ki smArikA ke kama se kama 60 pRSThoM meM prAtI / hama usake kucha aMzoM kA prakAzana karanA cAhate the magara AdaraNIya lekhaka ko yaha svIkAra nahIM thaa| ve isa sambandha meM sabhA ko apanI ora se kucha prArthika sahayoga dene ko bhI prastuta the / kintu hamArI aura sabhA kI kucha majabUriyAM, kucha kaThinAiyAM thiiN| hameM vAstava meM kheda hai ki unakA zrAgraha svIkAra karane meM asamartha rahe / vinamratA pUrvaka hama unase kSamAyAcanA karate haiN| smArikA kA kalevara bhI paristhitiyoM vaza choTA karanA par3A hai| smArikA sampAdana meM mere sahayogI zrI padamacaMda sAhU kA jo sahayoga aura parAmarza samayasamaya para mujhe milA usake lie maiM unakA dhanyavAda karatA hU~ / patrakAritA para unhoMne upAdhi prApta kI hai tathA isa kSetra meM unakA sakriya pranubhava bhI hai| mere anya sampAdana sahayogiyoM kA bhI mujhe pUrA-pUrA sahayoga prApta huvA hai una sabakA bhI maiM grAbhArI hU~ / rAjasthAna jaina sabhA prativarSa mujhe smArikA ke sampAdana kA bhAra pradAna kara janatA ke sammukha Ane kA jo avasara pradAna karatI hai etadartha maiM kAryakAriNI kA prAbhAra mAnatA hUM / vizeSa rUpa se zrI rAjakumArajI kAlA adhyakSa, zrI bAbUlAlajI seThI maMtrI evaM anya bandhunoM ne jo sahayoga mujhe isa varSa pradAna kiyA usakA dhanyavAda karane hetu maiM apane pAsa zabdoM kA prabhAva pAtA hU~ / maM0 mUna lAiTa priMTarsa ke mAlika tathA vyavasthApaka zrI mahAvIraprasAdajI jaina tathA vahAM ke karmacAriyoM ne bhI smArikA samaya para nikAlane hetu jo zrama kiyA usase maiM paricita hU~ / use anadekhA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / se sava hI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / smArikA ke saMbaMdha meM eka bAta aura hamAre kucha samIkSaka ise zodha graMtha ke rUpa meM hI dekhanA cAhate haiM ataH usase nIce stara kI racanAeM unheM pasanda nahIM prAtoM / smArikA prakAzana kA uddezya jainadharma, darzana, sAhitya, itihAsa, purAtatva zrAdi kA pracAra prasAra karanA hai kevala zodha khoja taka apane ko sImita rakhanA nahIM / samIkSaka hamAre isa uddezya ko avazya hI dhyAna meM rakheM kyoMki unheM aisI racanAeM bhI isameM mila sakatI haiM jo usa stara kI na hokara bhI smArikA ke uddezya kI pUrti meM sakSama haiM / sampAdana meM bana par3I, truTiyoM, bhUloM tathA zrasAvadhAniyoM ke lie sabhI sambandhita sajjanoM se kSamAyAcanA pUrvaka - (xii) bhaMvaralAla polyAkA pradhAna sampAdaka

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smArikA ke pradhAna sampAdaka paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA samAroha ke adhyakSa zrI gulAbacanda kAsalIvAla ko smArikA kI prati bheMTa karate hue mahAvIra jayantI samAroha 1976 munIzrI ajIta sAgarajI mahArAja ke karakamaloM meM sabhA dvArA prakAzita mahAvIra jayantI smArikA kI prati bheMTa karate hue sabhA ke zradhyakSa zrI rAjakumAra kAlA

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NEEDEDEDDED - prakAzakIya KEDDEDEEDED yadi jayapura kI sakriya sAmAjika saMsthAoM kI gaNanA kI jAya to usameM sarvaprathama jo nAma AvegA vaha hai-rAjasthAna jaina sabhA / yaha apane jIvana ke 25 varSa pUrNa kara rahI hai / isa sudIrgha kAla meM usane samAja hita ke jo kArya aba taka kiye haiM unakA lekhA-jokhA Apako smArikA ke ina hI pRSThoM meM anyatra par3hane ko milegaa| jaina sAhitya kA pracAra-prasAra bhI sabhA kI pramukha gatividhiyoM meM se eka hai / anya TrekToM aura pustikAoM ke prakAzana ke atirikta bha0 mahAvIra ke upadezoM ke pracAra-prasAra tathA jaina darzana, sAhitya, itihAsa, saMskRti, kalA mAdi se sambandhita mahatvapUrNa jAnakArI jainAjaina janatA ko upalabdha karAne hetu san 1962 meM sva. paM. cainasukhadAsajI kI satpreraNA aura parAmarza se bha0 mahAvIra kI jayantI ke puNyAvasara para eka smArikA ke prakAzana kA nirNaya liyA thA jisane niyamita prakAzana kA rUpa le liyA hai| aba taka smArikA ke 13 aMka prakAzita ho cuke haiN| 14 vAM aka pAThakoM ke hAtha meM hai / paM0 cainasukhadAsajI ke svarga prayANa ke pazcAt isakA sampAdana paM bhaMvaralAlajI polyAkA jaina darzanAcArya karate prArahe haiM / Apa ina dinoM gata kucha varSoM se asvastha rahate haiM phira bhI binA kisI vyavadhAna ke gata varSa taka pATha aMka prApane pAThakoM taka pahuMcAe haiM aura unake sampAdana kAla kA yaha 9 vAM praka pAThakoM ke hAtha meM hai| prativarSa jo saiMkar3oM patra vidvAn pAThakoM ke hameM prApta hote hai unase spaSTa hai ki unake sampAdana kAla meM smArikA kA pUrva stara na kevala kAyama rahA hai apitu usameM kucha vRddhi hI huI hai| etadartha maiM sabhA kI pora se zrI polyAkAjI kA atyanta prAbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| isake atirikta ve lekhakagaNa bhI hamAre pratyadhika sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiM jinhoMne apanI racanAeM smArikA meM prakAzanArtha bhejiiN| sthAnAbhAva se kucha racanAeM smArikA meM sthAna nahIM pA sakIM isakA kheda hai| binA artha ke kisI bhI prakAra kA prakAzana kArya sambhava nahIM hai| smArikA kI artha vyavasthA sabhA dvArA vijJApanoM ke mAdhyama se kI jAtI hai| etadartha eka samiti kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai / isa samiti ke sadasya samAja ke anya pramukha karmaTha kAryakartAoM ke sahayoga se sthAna sthAna para samparka kara vijJApana prApta karate hai / isa varSa isa kArya kA saMyojana zrI ramezacandajI gaMgavAla evaM ( xiii )

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zrI sudezabhUSaNajI saugANI, munnIlAlajI jaina, kailAzacandajI vaida, kapUracaMdajI pATanI, mahezajI kAlA, prakAzajI TholiyA, sumerakumArajI sonI ne kiyA hai / artha saMgraha hetu sarvazrI surajJAnIcaMdajI nyAyatIrtha, tArAcandajI zAha, prakAzacaMdajI TholiyA, jJAnacaMdajI jhAMjharI, balabhadrajI jaina, mahezajI kAlA, subhASajI caudharI, pravINacandajI jaina, devakumArajI sAha kailAzacaMdajI saugAnI, ciraMjIlAlajI luhAr3iyA, sumeracandajI jaina, sUrajamalajI dalAla Adi ne athaka parizrama karake jo sahayoga diyA unake prati bhI prAbhAra prakaTa kiye binA nahIM raha sktaa| vijJApanadAtAoM ke sahayoga kA hI yaha phala hai ki lAgata se bhI bahuta kama mUlya para smArikA pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM pahuMcatI hai / yaha puNya kArya vijJApanadAtAoM ke sahayoga ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai.| isa varSa jina-jina saMsthAnoM ne apane vijJApana pradAna kara hameM sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai unakA hama hRdaya se AbhAra mAnate haiM tathA bhaviSya meM bhI unase isI prakAra ke sahayoga kI prAzA karate haiN| __ smArikA kA prastuta aMka kaisA hai yaha nirNaya karanA hamArA kAma nahIM hai| pAThakoM se hamArA anurodha hai ki isameM rahane vAlI zruTiyoM kI ora hamArA dhyAna prAkarSita karate raheM jisase ki tadnurUpa unameM sudhAra hotA rahe / isa varSa kI smArikA para ApakA abhimata sAgraha AmaMtrita hai| smArikA kA mudraNa kArya mUnalAiTa priMTarsa jayapura ne kiyA hai| smArikA samaya para unake sahayoga ke binA pahuMcanA saMbhava nahIM thA / etadartha saMsthAna ke mAlika zrI mahAvIra prasAda jaina tathA unake sabhI sahayogI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| bAbUlAla seThI __ maMtrI rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura , balabhadra jaina Nm mahAvIra jayaMtI samAroha 1677 saMyojaka saha saMyojaka 1. nibandha pratiyogitA zrI prakAzacanda jaina zrI buddhiprakAza bhAskara 2. saMgIta saMdhyA ,, javAharalAla jaina 3. bhASaNa pratiyogitA , prakAzacanda jaina ,, kailAzacanda godhA prabhAta pherI , prakAzacanda TholiyA ,, kailAzacanda sogAnI 5. mahilA sammelana kumArI prIti jaina zrImatI mohanA devI jaina 6. julUsa zrI hIrAcanda vaida zrI prakAzacanda TholiyA 7. sAMskRtika samAroha ,, tilakarAja jaina ,, kailAzacanda godhA 8. artha saMgraha , surajJAnIcaMda jaina tArAcanda sAha 9. pracAra ,, maheza kAlA jJAna prakAza bakSI 10. paMDAla vyavasthA ,, rAmacaraNa jaina , lallUlAla jaina ( xiv )

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grA bhA ra pra da seog, i rza na bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAvana saMdeza tathA jaina saMskRti, sAhitya, kalA Adi se sambandhita mahatvapUrNa jAnakArI jaina tathA jainetara janatA taka pahuMcAne meM rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura dvArA mahAvIra jayantI ke pAvana parva para prativarSa prakAzita hone vAlI isa smArikA kA sthAnIya hI nahIM apitu sAre bhArata meM apanA viziSTa sthAna hai / smArikA kI jo garimA prAja hamAre sAmane haiM, isakA vartamAna meM zra eya paM0 bhaMvaralAlajI polyAkA jainadarzanAcArya ko hai / yadyapi asvastha hai aura kar3I mahanata grApake svAsthya para viparIta prabhAva DAlatI hai phira bhI jinavANI kI sevA kI lagna hone ke nAte Apa isa smArikA ke lie athaka bauddhika evaM zArIrika zrama kara rahe haiM / isa kArya ke lie samAja ApakA sadaiva RNI rahegA / kisI bhI prakAra ke prakAzana kArya ke lie vitta' eka anivArya sabhA yaha kArya vijJAsaMgraha kA kArya isa varSa bhI nibhAne kA zaktibhara prayatna sAdhana hai / isake binA yaha kArya sambhava nahIM lagatA panoM ke mAdhyama se karatI hai / sabhA ne vijJApana mere kaMdhoM para DAlA / maine isa uttaradAyitva ko kiyA hai aura usakA phala Apake sAmane hai / vijJApana samiti ke sadasyoM ke atirikta una sabhI vijJApanadAtAoM kA vyaktizaH AbhArI hUM jinhoMne mujhe utsAhita kara isa prakAzana ko saphala banAne meM sahayoga diyA hai| isake sAtha hI maiM sabhA ke adhyakSa zrI rAjakumArajI kAlA evaM sabhA ke maMtrI zrI bAbUlAlajI seThI va mere anya sAthiyoM jinake nAma kA yahA~ ullekha nahIM hai -kA bhI atyanta zrAbhArI hUM jinake athaka prayAsa aura sahayoga se maiM yaha kArya kara skaa| mere isa kArya meM mujha se yadi koI bhUla ho gaI ho to Apa udAra hRdaya se mujhe kSamAkara zranugRhIta kareMge / anta meM sabhA ke isa kArya ko bhaviSya meM bhI Apake uttama sahayoga kI kAmanA rakhate hue sabhI kA hRdaya se dhanyavAda arpita karatA hU~ / abhivAdana sahita, rameza gaMgavAla saMyojaka vijJApana samiti

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rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura eka saMkSipta paricaya samAja ko kurItiyoM va kurUDhiyoM se mukta karAne, samAja ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhane, samAja kI sAhityika, sAMskRtika va Arthika unnati karane evaM svastha dhArmika vAtAvaraNa banAne ke lakSya se 25 varSa pUrva vibhinna saMsthAoM ke ekIkaraNa dvArA rAjasthAna jaina sabhA kI sthApanA kI gii| sabhA kA svayaM kA eka saMvidhAna hai evaM yaha "rAjasthAna sosAyaTIja ekTa" ke antargata paMjIkRta hai| vizuddha dhArmika evaM saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM ko pradhAnatA dekara vAstavika dharma kA marma samajhAte hue jaina samAja kI sAhityika, sAMskRtika, cAritrika, sAmAjika evaM Arthika unnati hetu mAvazyaka kArya karanA hI sabhA kA eka mAtra lakSya hai / janamAnasa ko dharma evaM kartavya kI ora AkRSTa karane kI dRSTi se dazalakSaNa parva, kSamApanasamAroha, mahAvIra jayantI samAroha tathA nirvANotsava para vizeSa samAroha evaM samaya-samaya para vyAkhyAnoM-pravacanoM ke prAyojana evaM sAhitya prakAzana sabhA kI mukhya gatividhiyAM rahI haiM / smArikA kA niyamita prakAzana- sAhitya prakAzana kA eka mukhya aMga rahA hai / gata varSa meM kiye gaye kAryoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai| mahAvIra jayantI samAroha : samasta jaina samAja ke sahayoga se yaha samAroha 9 apraila 1976 se 12 apraila 1976 taka caturdivasIya kAryakrama ke rUpa meM manAyA gyaa| 9 aprela 76 ko prAta: mahAvIra skUla ke prAMgaNa meM eka nibandha pratiyogitA "janahita meM bhagavAn mahAvIra" viSaya para Ayojita kI gii| rAtri ke 730 baje zrI digambara jaina mandira baDA dIvAna jI meM jaina darzana kA karmasiddhAnta manuSya ko puruSArthI banAtA hai" viSaya para vAdavivAda pratiyogitA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisakI adhyakSatA zrI zrIrAmajI goTevAlA, sadasya rAjasthAna vidhAna sabhA ne kii| 10 aprela 76 ko prAtmAnanda sabhA bhavana meM pro0 pravINacandajI jaina kI adhyakSatA meM eka vicAragoSThI "prAdarza samAja racanA meM jaina (xvi )

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siddhAnta kI upayuktatA" viSaya para mAyojita kI gaI jisameM sarvazrI navInakumArajI baja, paM0 milApa candajI zAstrI, paM0 bhaMvaralAlajI nyAyatIrtha, zrImatI snehalatA baja, paM0 bhaMvaralAlajI polyAkA jainadarzanAcArya, zrI anUpacandajI myAyatIrtha, paM0 baMzIdharajI zAstrI ne apane-apane sAragarmita vicAra prakaTa kiye||1 aprela 1976 ko prAtaH prabhAta pherI nikAlI gaI jisameM vibhinna bhajana maMDaligoM ne pUrNa sahayoga diyaa| rAtri ke 8 baje lAla bhavana meM rAnI lakSmIkumArI cUDAvata sAMsadA kI adhyakSatA meM eka mahilA sammelana kA prAyojana kiyA jisameM sAdhvIzrI sirahakuMvarajI va sAdhvIzrI kAnakaMvarajI kA bhI sAnnidhya prApta hanA / zrImatI kamalA benIvAla janasamparka mantrI ne viziSTa atithi ke rUpa meM sammelana ko sambodhita kiyaa| dinAMka 12 aprela 1976 ko prAtaH 6.30 baje mahAvIra pArka se eka vizAla julUsa prArambha hokara nagara ke pramukha bAjAroM meM hotA huA rAmalIlA maidAna meM pahuMca kara eka sArvajanika sabhA meM parivartita ho gyaa| mahAvIra skUla dvArA prastuta "solaha svapnoM kI jhAMkI" evaM prAdarza jaina mizana dvArA prastuta "janma kalyANa-mahotsava kI jhAMkI' julUsa ke vizeSa prAkarSaNa rahe / eka hI pozAka meM mahilAmoM ke maNDala bhI vizeSa prAkarSaka the| julUsa meM lagabhaga paccIsa hajAra se adhika nara-nAriyoM ne bhAga liyaa| jauharI bAjAra meM zrI buddhiprakAzajI bhAskara ne bar3e rocaka DhaMga se jalUsa ke dRzya kA prAMkhoM dekhA hAla prasArita kiyaa| rAjasthAna ke vittamantrI zrI jI vaida ne samasta jaina samAja dvArA mAnya pacaraMgA jhaNDA phaharA kara jhaNDArohaNa kiyaa| vizAla janasamudAya ko sambodhita karate huye zrI vaida ne kahA ki nirvANa varSa evaM jayantI ke avasara para kiye gaye kAryoM kA siMhAvalokana kiyA jAnA caahiye| zrI bhaMvaralAlajI polyAkA ne sabhI atithiyoM ko smArikA kI prati bheMTa kii| isI avasara para bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala evaM vIra nirvANa bhAratI dvArA sammAnita mahAnubhAvoM kA bhI abhinandana kiyA gyaa| sarvazrI muni jayAnandajI va sohanalAlajI ke pravacana hue / munizrI ajItasAgarajI ne apane pravacana meM kahA ki rAgadveSa ko tyAga kara vItarAgatA kI ora agrasara hove yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA pramukha upadeza hai aura tabhI hamArA jayantI manAnA sArthaka hogA / sAMsada zrI navalakizora zarmA, prasiddha sarvodayI sAhityakAra zrI yazapAla jaina eva samAroha ke adhyakSa zrI gulAbacandajI kAsalIvAla ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM para prakAza ddaalaa| rAtri ke 8 baje zrI nihAlacandajI jaina prazAsaka, nagara pariSada kI adhyakSatA meM eka sAMskRtika kAryakrama rAmalIlA maidAna meM prAyojita kiyA gayA jisameM vibhinna zikSaNa saMsthAna va bhajana maNDaliyoM ne bar3e AkarSaka kAryakrama prastuta kiye / zrI hIrAbhAI ema0 caudharI, mukhya atithi ne isa avasara para vijetAoM ko puraskAra vitarita kiye / daza lakSaNa parva samAroha : bhautikatA meM lipta mAnatra ko prAdhyAtmikatA kA rasAsvAdana karAne hetu isa varSa bhI 29 agasta 76 se 7 sitambara 76 taka dazalakSaNa parva samAroha zrI digambara jaina mandira baDA dIvAnajI meM manAyA gayA jisameM paM0 javAharalAlajI jaina vidizA kA dazadharmoM para mArmika pravacana tathA sarvazrI paM0 rAjakizorajI jaina, ciraMjIlAlajI jaina, DA0 kastUracandajI kAsalIvAla, jasavanta siMhajI sAMghI, DA0 ena0 ke0 siMdhI tejakaraNajI DaMDiyA, pravINacandajI chAbaDA, nihAlacandajI jaina, tArAcandajI sAha, kapUra canda jI pATanI, rAmacandra jI kAsalIvAla, zrImatI candrakAntA DaMDiyA tathA kumArI prIti jaina ne vibhinna viSayoM para apane vicAra prakaTa kiye| jaina darzana vidyAlaya, mahilA ( xvii )

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jAgRti saMgha evaM mahAvIra digambara jaina ucca mAdhyamika vidyAlaya ne isa samAroha ke avasara para saMvAda va bhajana prastuta kiye| zrI harirAma prAcArya dvArA prastuta kAvya pATha vizeSa pAkarSaka rahA / kSamApana parva samAroha : sadA kI bhAMti isa varSa bhI dazalakSaNa parva samAroha kI samApti para Asoja budi 2 dinAMka 10 sitambara 1976 ko prAtaH kAla kI belA meM prApasI matabheda bhulAne evaM vizva prema kI bhAvanA ko jAgRta karane ke lie sAmUhika kSamApana parva samAroha rAmalIlA maidAna meM manAyA gayA jisameM munizrI suvratasAgarajI mahArAja, zrI mohana chaMgANI, zikSA evaM kRSi mantrI, rAjasthAna sarakAra ne viziSTa atithi ke rUpa meM paM0 milApacandajI zAstrI, vidhAyaka zrI phUlacandajI jaina evaM zrI zrIrAmajI goTevAlA, zrImatI candrakAntA DaMDiyA, ne kSamA ke vAstavika svarUpa va mahattA para apane vicAra prakaTa kiye| mahAvIra nirvANotsava : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM ke pracAra va prasAra ke uddezya se isa samAroha kA Ayojana nirvANa divasa kI sAMdhya belA meM 23-10- 6 ko bar3e dIvAna jI ke mandira meM zrI subhadra kumArajI pATanI kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna huprA / sarvazrI DA0 kastUracandajI kAsalIvAla, anUpacandajI nyAyatIrtha, mohanalAlajI rAvakA, kapUracandajI pATanI, jJAnacandajI bilTI vAle, paM0 hukamacandajI bhArilla prAdi ne mahAvIra bhagavAn ke upadezoM va siddhAntoM para apane vicAra prakaTa kiye| zrI rAjamalajI baigasyA dvArA kAvyapATha va mahilA jAgRti saMgha dvArA saMvAda prastuta kiye gaye / 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava samApana samAroha : Ala iNDiyA digambara jaina bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava sosAiTI dvArA Ayojita samApana samAroha meM sammelana ke atithiyoM ke sammAna meM svalpAhAra kA Ayojana kiyA gayA evaM sabhI kAryoM meM kaMdhe se kaMdhA milAkara sahayoga diyA gyaa| jaina melA : gata varSa ke sAmUhika sneha milana samAroha kI saphalatA se prabhAvita hokara isa varSa ise aura vRhad "jaina mele' ke rUpa meM 14 navambara 1976 ko zrI mahAvIra digambara jaina ucca mAdhyamika vidyAlaya, sI-skIma ke prAMgaNa meM manAyA gayA / isa avasara para kalA pradarzinI prAyojita kI gaI jisakA udghATana zrI sUrajamalajI vaida dvArA kiyA gyaa| samAja ke sabhI prAyu ke sadasyoM ke lie vibhinna khelakUda pratiyogitAoM kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM prauDha. mahilAeM va puruSoM kI saMgIta kursI daur3a, evaM baccoM kI phensI Dresa zo kA kAryakrama vizeSa AkarSaka rahe / sabhI vijetAoM ko zrI mANakacandajI saugANI, vidhAyaka dvArA pAritoSika pradAna kiye gye| isa avasara para samAja kI vibhinna sahayogI saMsthAnoM ne bhI apanI-apanI sTAloM dvArA lAgata mUlya para peya va bhojya sAmagrI upalabdha karAI / hAthI, ghor3e evaM jhUle prAdi manoraMjana ke sAdhana bhI lAgata mUlya para upalabdha karAye gye| zAma ko sabhI ne apane-apane miThAI rahita bhojana se sahabhoja kiyA / ( xviii )

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purAvazeSa tathA bahamUlya kalAkRti adhiniyama : bhArata sarakAra dvArA 5 aprela 76 se purAvazeSa tathA bahumUlya kalAkRti adhiniyama ko lAgU karane ke phalasvarUpa yaha prAvazyaka ho gayA ki jina vyaktiyoM ke adhikAra va kabje meM mUrtiyA~, penTigsa, ennavigsa adhiniyama meM ullekhita sAmagrI ho ve unakA paMjIyana karAveM / rAjasthAna ke vibhinna grAmoM va kasboM ke mandiroM ke sambandhita mahAnubhAvoM ko isakI jAnakArI hetu sabhA dvArA patra bhijavAye gaye tathA unase nivedana kiyA gayA ki ve sambandhita adhikAriyoM ko ukta niyamoM ke prAva. dhAnoM ko mandira para lAgU na karane ke liye tAra bhejeM / sabhA ne isa sambandha meM bhArata sarakAra se prAvazyaka patra vyavahAra kiyaa| Avedana patroM ke phArma bhI mudrita karA kara upalabdha karAye gaye va vAMchita jAnakArI samAja ko samaya-samaya para dI gii| amerikI jaina atithiyoM kA abhinandana : amerikI jaina atithiyoM ke 14 disambara 76 ko jayapura Agamana para unakA abhinandana kiyA gayA tathA unheM smRti ke rUpa meM eka 'vijaya stambha' tathA smArikA kI pratiyA~ bheMTa kI gii| sAhitya prasAra : sva. paM0 cainasukhadAsajI nyAyatIrtha kI preraNA se sabhA ne san 1962 se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pAvana jayantI ke avasara para eka smArikA kA prakAzana prArambha kiyA aura vaha sabhA kA eka niyamita prakAzana bana gyaa| isameM jaina darzana, itihAsa, saMskRti aura sAhitya para adhikRta vidvAnoM ke gaveSaNApUrNa lekha va kavitAeM rahatI hai / prArambha meM smArikA kA sampAdana sva. paMDita sAhaba ne svayaM kiyA aura paM0 zrI ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt isa gurutara kArya kA dAyitva zrI bhaMvaralAlajI polyAkA dvArA uThAyA jA rahA hai / isake atirikta samaya samaya para laghu pustakoM ke prakAzana kA kArya bhI sabhA ne kiyA jisameM 108 muni zrI vidyAnandajI evaM DA0 hukmacandajI bhArilla dvArA likhita pustakoM kA evaM bhajanAvAlI prAdi kA prakAzana vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| sAmAjika gatividhiyAM : jaina sabhA kI gatividhiyA~ kevala samAroha prAyojana evaM sAhitya pracAra taka hI sImita nahIM hai apitu jaba bhI sAmAjika kSetra meM koI samasyA utpanna huI sabhA ne Age prAkara yathAsambhava samAdhAna karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| rAjasthAna vidhAnasabhA meM prastata nagna virodhI bila ko vApisa karAne tathA rAjasthAna TrasTa ekTa meM prAvazyaka sazodhana karAne rAjya sarakAra se ananta saMvatsarI kA aicchika avakAza svIkRta karAne sAMgAnera meM jamIna se prApta jaina mUrtiyoM ko samAja ke supurda karAne tathA prAyakara meM huye saMzodhana se samAja ko avagata karAne jaise mahatvapUrNa kArya kiye hai| evaM samAja meM vyApta kurur3hiyoM aura kurItiyoM ke viruddha bhI yaha sabhA sadaiva jAgarUka rahI hai / ( xix )

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samAja meM sagAI evaM vivAha prAdi ke avasara para daheja kI mAMga, ThaharAva prAdi ko sadaiva burI rASTi se dekhatI rahI haiM aura ina burAidhoM ko dUra karane meM sadaiva prayatnazIla hai| sabhA kI prArthika sthiti sudRr3ha nahIM hai isa kAraNa cAhate huye bhI sabhA apane lakSyoM ko pUrNa karane meM asamartha rahI hai| sabhA dvArA sampanna kiye jAne vAle vibhinna prAyojanoM va kAryakramoM meM jahAM kAryakAriNI samiti ke sabhI sadasyoM kA sakriya sahayoga rahA hai vahAM sarvazrI hIrAcanda vaida, tilakarAja jaina, nihAlacaMda jaina, rAjarUpa TAMka, hIrAbhAI ema0 caudharI, paM0 milApacandajI zAstrI, kevalacandajI TholiyA, jasavantasiMha sAMghI, DA0 hukamacanda bhArilla, pannAlAla bAMThiyA, mUlacanda pATanI, ramezacanda pApaDIvAla, prakAzacanda jaina, tejakaraNa DaMDiyA, mANikyacanda jaina, sUrajamala vaida, navInakumAra baja, saubhAgyamala rAMvakA, DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, vinayakumAra pApaDIvAla, dezabhUSaNa saugANI, rAmacaraNa jaina, azoka luhADiyA, devakumAra sAha, kailAzacanda saugAnI, balabhadra jaina Adi ke sahayoga ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA / zrI vIra sevaka maNDala aura anya sabhI zikSaNa saMsthAnoM, bhajana maNDaliyoM Adi kA bhI sabhI kAryakramoM meM pUrNa racanAtmaka sahayoga rahA hai / sabhA sabhI vyaktiyoM evaM saMsthAnoM ke prati aAbhAra prakaTa karatI hai / samAja ke pratyeka sadasya se sabhA ko tana, mana evaM dhana dvArA sahayoga evaM sujhAva kI apekSA ke namra nivedana ke sAtha bAbUlAla seThI mantrI rAjasthAna jaina sabhA jayapura na zvetAmbaratve na digambaratve na tarkavAde na ca tattvavAde / na pakSasevA''zrayaNega muktiH kaSAyamuktiH kila muktireva / /

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prathama DANCE WECTED khaNDa R DEDEDIA bhagavAna mahAvIra : jIvana, jaina tathA jainetara varzana, upaveza

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vIra stavanam * DA. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, sAgara agAdhe bhavAbdhau patantaM janaM yaH samuddizya tattvaM sukhADhyaM cakAra / dayAndhiH sukhAbdhiH sadA saumyarUpaH sa vIraH pravIraH pramodaM pradadyAt / / 1 / / vidagdho'pi lokaH kRto yena mugdhaH sa kAmaH prakAmaM ratajcAtmarUpe / na zakto babhUva prajet manAGa yaM sa vIraH pravIraH pramoda pradadyAt / / 2 / / yadIyaM pravIrya hi bAlye'pi devo dhRtAhIndra rUpo na kiJcid viveda / pramodasvarUpastrilokIprabhUpaH sa vIraH pravIra pramodaM pradadyAt // 3 // jagajjIvaghAtIni ghAtIni hatvA hatAnyeva lebhe paraM jJAnatattvam / alokaM ca lokaM vyalokIdatho yaH sa vIraH pravIraH pramodaM pradadyAt / / 4 / / sa ziSyaH sa vipro gururgotamo yaM samAsInabhArAd vilokyaiva nUnam / madaM bhUrimAnaM mumoca svakIyaM sa vIraH pravIraH pramodaM pradadyAt / / 5 / / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77. 11

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surendrAnugenA lakAnAyakena kRtAsthAnabhUmi samAsthAya divy|| vacobhirya Izo didezArthasArtha sa vIraH pravIraH pramodaM pradadyAt / / 6 / / vihRtyAryakhaNDe sudharmAmRtasya pravRSTyA samastAn jagajjIvasasyAn / pravRddhAn cakArAbhrarUpo'dhipo ya! sa vIraH pravIraH pramodaM pradadyAta // 7 // anekAntadaNDaiH pracaNDarakhaNDa; samuddaNDa vAdipravetaNDagaNDAn / vibhedAzu yazca prakaSTapramANaH sa bora: pravIraH pramodaM pradadyAt / / 8 / / tato dhyAnarUpaM nizAtaM visAtaM kRpANaM svapANI ya mAdAya sadyaH / adhAtIni hatvA babhUva pramuktaH sa vIraH pravIraH pramodaM pradadyAt / / 1 / / athAmandamAnandamAdyantahInaM nijAtmaprajAtaM hyanakSaM samakSam / ciraM yazca bheje nije najarUpaM sa vIraH pravIraH pramodaM pradadyAt / / 100 1-2 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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bhagavAna mahAvIra : jIvana-jhalaka * zrI nandakizora jaina ema0 e0 , lakhanaU vIra garbhAvataraNa tathA janmotsava hue lagabhaga chabbisa so sAla, bItane ko thA cauthA kAla, hamArI bhArata bhUmi rasAla, dukhoM se pIr3ita thI behAla / / sajAe mohaka sundara sAja, sapta saNDoM se yuta gajarAja, indra dhanuSI nabha patha se prAya, zveta airAvata prati mana bhAya / ( 7 ) dikhA phira pati sundara vRSameSa / siMha-the jisake svarNima keza // kamala rAjita lakSmI manuhAra / Dhorate the gaja dvaya jaladhAra // svArthaparatA chala-chidra apAra, jhUTha, hiMsA aru mAyAcAra, prApti bhogoM kI kisI prakAra, bane the jIvana ke prAdhAra // ( 3 ) pApa se pUrita the saba karma / yajJa meM pazu-bali hI thA dharma / kisI vidhi Dhote jIvana bhAra, dAsa bikate the bIca bajAra // dikhIM do pratisundara banamAla / candra-jyotirmaya pUrNa vizAla // miTAtA pandhakAra kA jAla, sUrya prAbhAmaya nikalA lAla // samajha kara nija ko kevala kAya, tanika se dukha meM prati prakulAya, kudevAdika ko bhajate jAya, bhramita jana karate vyartha upAya / / ( 5 ) dukhoM se vikala huI prati sRSTi, huI tara jaga para maMgala vRSTi / svapna solaha sundara manuhAra, hue trizalA mAM ko sukhakAra / / kalaza do svarNima zobhAyukta / tairatA mIna-yugala ho mukta // sarovara paMkaja yukta lalAma / taraMgAyita sAgara pabhirAma // ( 10 ) svapna-paMkhoM para kramazaH citra / badala kara pAte rahe vicitra // svarNa siMhasana zobhAvAna / paura phira anupama deva vimAna / / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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bhavana nAgendra divya manuhAra / camakatI ratna rAzi sukhakAra / / solahavAM svapna agni-nirdhUma / bhAtu kI mayA cetanA cUma / / ( 12 ) anta ika utarA svapna vizeSa / dikhA nija mukha meM hasti praveza / / prAtaH uTha ati uMchAha mana laay| svapna phala pUchA prabhu Dhiga jAya / / ( 13 ) svapna suna mudita hue siddhArtha / prApta jyoM huA sakala paramArtha / / svapna phala alaga alaga batalAya / kahA priya trizalA se samajhAya / zveta hastI se bala yukta kAya / puSpa mAlA se--dharma calAya // svapna phala lakSmI sunie nekameru para kareM deva abhiSeka / / ( 15 ) candra phala - sabako ho sukhadAya / sUyaM se-tatsama bhAbhA pAya / kalaza dvaya se-nidhiyoM kI khAna / machaliyoM se - aneka sukha jAna / ( 16 ) svapna phala sAgara-kevala jJAna / 'svarga se caya'-phala deva vimAna / 'janma se pravadhijJAna yuta soya' bhavana nAmendra svapna phala hoy|| ( 17 ) ratna kI rAzi kahe - guraNakhAna / agni-nirdhUma suphala yaha jAna'kama IMdhana tapa-agni jalAe, jIva ati bhavya mokSa sukha pAe / ' ( 18 ) anta mukha hastI kiyA praveza svapna phala isakA puNya vizeSa'vIra prabhu garbha Apake prAya jagata ko saba prakAra sukhadAya // ' ( 19 ) sudI SaSTI asAr3ha zuci mAsa, garbha meM pAyA puNya prakAza / hue atizaya prati dina bejor3a, ratna bhI barase lAkha karor3a / / ( 20 ) praphullita huI bahuta taba mAta / dera lagatI nahiM dina ke jAta / / caitra zuklA terasa sukhadAya / vIra prabhu jagatI tala para prAya // ( 21 ) bajAe binA baja uThe sAja / siMhAsana kaMpa huprA surarAja // jAna kara janma vIra bhagavAna, indra ne kiyA nRtya aru gAna // ( 22 ) bhaktivaza prati uchAha umagAe / meru para le jA prati harSAya / / kiyA kSIrodadhi jala abhiSeka / darza hita nayanA kie aneka / / ( 23 ) buddhi, bala yukta dhIra, gambhIra / bAlapana se hI the ativIra / / deva saMgama bana pAyA sarpa / vIra ne toDA usakA darpa // ( 24 ) vijaya, saMjaya muni zaMkA dUra / huI to hue bhakti bharapUra // diyA taba prabhu ko 'sanmati' nAma / jayatu jaya vardhamAna sukhadhAma / / 1 - 4 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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(1) hue jaba pUrNa yuvA zrI vIra, kAMti se jagamaga huA zarIra / hRdaya prati komala, vatsala, dhIra miSTa bolI mRdu, guru, gambhIra // (2) yazodA rAjakuvari sukumAra, kaliMgAdhipa beTI manuhAra / rAva jitazatruhiM kiyA vicAra"yogya haiM isake vIra kumAra " vIra prabhu kI dIkSA ( 3 ) vIra ke mAta-pitA ke pAsa | saMdezA de kara bhejA dAsa // mAtu trizalA ko huA hulAsa / pitA siddhArtha mudita mana-hAsa || (4 ) vIra the ina bhAvoM se dUra | vinaya bhara vANI meM bharapUra kahA - "dhana- kaMcana - kAmini dhUra | cita kI cAha karU cakacUra // ( 5 ) bahuta durlabha hai mAnava deha chor3akara sakala jagata se neha sahUM sardI garmI, meha khoja patha jAUM zAzvata geha // " ( 6) saba nahIM thA yadyapi prakaTa nimitta, khilA vairAgya vIra ke citta, viSamayI jvAlA ke sama bhoga, jagata ke lage bhayAnaka roga | ( 7 ) prabhu ne mana meM kiyA vicAra, nahIM hai jaga meM koI sAra, mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 cAMdanI dikhatI dina do cAra, sabhI nazvara hai ghara parivAra // 8 ) ( rAva- rAjA, haya - gaja - zrasavAra mareM saba apanI-apanI bAra sahodara, mAta-pitA, parivAra nahIM hai koI bacAvanahAra // (9 > dravya bina nirdhana mana ko mAra, dhanI - tRSNA meM vividha prakAra, vikala saba phireM bIca saMsAra, kareM mAnava jIvana bekAra || ( 10 ) akelA jIva jagata meM pAe / maraNa para punaH prakelA jAe || na sAthI sagA baMdhu yA bhAe / karma-phala jIva akelA pAe / ( 11 > deha chuTane nahiM apanA koya, dravya, ghara, baMdhu cAra dina carcA parAyA hoya, karate roya, bhUlate phira bhogoM meM khoya || ( 12 > camakatI cAma car3hI yaha deha UparI sajjA vaza saba neha mahA durgaMdha bharI ghina geha rAga taja tana se raheM videha | ( 13 > moha vaza rule jIva saMsAra, lie karmoM kA gurutara bhAra, sarala zuci nirmala ho vyavahAra, baMda ho taba karmoM kA dvAra // 1-5

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( 14 ) ( 18 ) pUrva-kRta-karma aneka prakAra, "dukhoM se pIr3ita hai saMsAra jIva ko kase kuDalI mAra, mApako karanA jIvoddhAra baddha-karmoM kA tapa se kSAra, kareM tapa nija-para hita sUkhakAra siddha bana kareM bhavodadhi pAra // " kare jaba, taba ho jIvoddhAra / ( 19 ) ( 15 ) sakala icchAnoM ko taba mAra, prabhU ne tyAga diyA gharabAra, loka hai caudaha rAju pramAna, tajA parijana, purajana kA pyAra, usI meM jIva phire bina jJAna, mAta trizalA kA lAr3a-dulAra // sulabha haiM yadyapi jana-dhana-mAna, ( 20 ) bahuta durlabha hai samyakjJAna // pAlakI candraprabhA manuhAra, tabhI le Aye asura kumAra, ( 16 ) dhyAna, tapa karake vividha prakAra, nikalane kA nahiM dUjA dvAra, jJAtRvana-khaNDa gaye sukumAra / / dharma hI kare bhavodadhi pAra, ( 21 ) bhAvanA bAraha ukta prakAra, mahAmAnI-manmatha ko mAra, karoM se kAle keza upAra, prabhU mana upajI bArambAra // kRSNa dasamI magasira zazivAra, ( 17 ) digambara muni dIkSA lI dhAra / / ( 22 ) eka dina baiThe vIra kumAra adhikatara kara ekAMta vihAra, karahiM jaba mana meM soca vicAra parISaha sahakara vividha prakAra, deva lokAMtika prabhu ke dvAra tire bhava-siMdhu anekoM tAra pAe taba bodha diyA sukhakAra jayatu-jaya-jaya vIra kumAra vIra kaivalya ( 3 ) jaga kI pIr3A se hue vikala, patha kI bAdhAeM sakIM na chala to chor3a sabhI kucha par3e nikala, tapa kiyA ghora aru rahe acala jisa bhAMti mile jaga-dukha kA hala, sardI, garmI, varSA kA jala khojUgA, nizcaya kiyA aTala / / saba jhelA, tadapi rahe nizcala ( 2 ) ( 4 ) vaya tIsa varSa hI thI kevala, thA prAtma-teja kA atulita bala jaba hotI hai kAmanA prabala, bina mArga mile thI tanika na kala prati karatA hai manmatha vihvala, lagatA thA jina jIvana niSphala aise meM chor3e bhoga sakala / / paru prAyu ghaTa rahI thI pratipala 1-6 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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RtuoM ne cakkara bAraha cala jaba pUrNa kie, tapa huA saphala saba saMcita karma gaye khira-gala aru jJAna prakAzita huA sakala ( 11 ) saravara meM pramudita hue kamala guna-guna gUje bhore caMcala madhubana meM kuhuka uThI koyala aru zAMta huA jagatI kA tala ( 12 ) janatA taba umaDI dala kI dala nara-nArI, bacce, sabala-nibala karane ko apanA janma saphala prabhu darzana ke hita par3e nikala sArI bAdhAeM jAtIM Tala, nizcaya jaba apanA hI avicala prabhu kA nizcaya thA aDiga aTala kaivalya jJAna kA khilA kamala thira huI damaka dAminI capala juganU camake jhalamala-jhalamala tAre jhAMke Talamala-Talamala aru huprA pUrva kA aruNAcala ( 13 ) saba digpAlAdika gae saMbhala nija-nija yAnoM para deva sakala daur3e, lakhane prabhu suchavi vimala raha gaye agara-jIvana niSphala ( 14 ) duSToM ne hAtha ghise mala-mala nahiM zoSaNa pIr3ana sakatA cala Azcarya ! kaI khala gae badala unake bhI bhAva hue nirmala uDa calI khabara yoM zIghra macala bana meM jyoM phaile dAvAnala ravi udaya hue jyoM khileM kamala tyoM prANI hue mudita, vihvala (1 ) pAlokita hue sabhI jala-thala saba kUpa-bAvar3I hue sajala surabhita malayAnila calI macala vana-upavana bhI ho gae saphala . ( 15 ) jaya-jaya kahate giri vipulAcala saba pahuMca gae taba pAyI kala udgrIva, ujhaka paMjoM ke bala kula nirakha rahe prabhu suchavi vimala ( 10 ) saritAeM umaMga bahIM kala-kAla khaga-kula ne gAe gAna vimala jala-thala-cara nAce uchala-uchala prANI nirbhaya ho gae sakala / / ( 16 ) nayanoM meM Daba-Daba bhakti tarala thA dhana-dhanya kA kolAhala vacanAmRta prAzA DorI se basa baMdhe the hRdaya sakala 1-7 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17

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( 17 ) vANI prabhu khirI macI halacala mithyAmata-vAdI gaye dahala gira gaye sabhI bAlukA mahala pazu-bali prAdika nahiM sakatI cala ( 18 ) duSToM ko lagate sujana garala viha~se jinake the hRdaya sarala bhavijana ko prApta hunA saMbala prabhu vANI suna bhava kiyA saphala ( 19 ) jaga meM nahiM koI vastu praTala paryAyeM kSaNa-kSaNa rahIM badala phira kaisA mada, kAhe kA bala bhava-bana meM phiratA jIva vikala ( 20 ) jaga-bhoga bhayAnaka hai daladala jitanA khIMco, dhasatA paga tala tapa, jJAna-dhyAna se jAte jala jaba karma, mile taba mokSa mahala ( 21 ) daza dharma, vinaya, sata, saMyama se vyavahAra loka kA sakatA cala yoM mile bahuta praznoM ke hala jinamata kI phailI kIrti dhavala ( 22 ) prabhu tIna dazAndI paidala cala jana-jana ko bodha diyA nirmala saMsRti azoka jaba huI sakala prabhu bhI jA tiSThe mokSa mahala eka pada kajarI banArasI-tAla tritAla hamArI arja suno mahAvIra / nizi vAsara prabhu dhyAna tumhAro, caraNana meM cita lAgyo hmaaro| jaba te marata nenA nirakhI, dUra bhaI saba pIra hmaarii0|| hAtha jor3a maiM zIsa namAU, puni puni prabhu ye avasara paauu| araja prabhu isa vyathita hRdaya kI kaTe karama jaMjIra hmaarii|| 1-8 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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prabhAta pherI mahAvIra jayantI samAroha 1976 vizAla julUsa kI eka jhAMkI

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Ai bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kevala eka pApa batAyA thA aura vaha thA hiMsA / zeSa 4 pApa to hiMsA ke hI bheda haiN| ve taba taka pApa nahIM jaba taka ki unameM hiMsA sammilita nahIM ho / isalie prAtmotthAna ke lie hiMsA se bacanA praura kaSAyoM ko kSaya karanA zrAvazyaka hai / yaha hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA, jinAgama kA saMkSepa hai / ahiMsA ke pratIka mahAvIra vartamAna jaina saMskRti ke saMsthApaka tIrthaMGkara RSabhadeva kI paramparA meM tIrthaGkara bha0 mahAvIra pratima kar3I haiM / prAcIna licchavi gaNataMtra kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI meM rAjA siddhArtha aura rAjamahiSI trizalA devI ke yahAM unakA janma huA / rAjagharAne kI vipula vaibhava sAmagriyoM se sampanna hone para bhI unhoMne 30 varSa kI pUrNa yauvanAvasthA meM saMsAra aura zarIra bhogoM se virakta ho digambarI dIkSA dhAraNa kii| 28 mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karate hue kaThora - jina zramaraNa mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA / ekAnta durgama aura bIhar3a vanoM meM jAkara unhoMne zrAtmasAdhanA kI / anArya aura zrAtatAiyoM dvArA kiye gaye vibhinna prakAra ke upasargoM ko samabhAva pUrvaka sahana kiyA / dvAdaza varSa kI anavarata mahAsAdhanA ke pazcAt unhoMne kaivalya kI prApti kI / * paM0 subhASacandra darzanAcArya, zrImahAvIrajI dUsaroM para karanA hai use pahale svayaM para hI karake dikhAyA jAya dUsaroM ko kalyANa kA upadeza dene se pUrva apanA hI kalyANa kiyA jAya / unhoMne kiyA bhI aisA hI / zrAtma-kalyANa ke sAre prayoga pahale unhoMne svayaM para kiye bAda meM jAkara dUsaroM ko unakA upadeza diyA / kevalajJAna prApta ho jAne ke anantara bhagavAn mahAvIra 30 varSa taka bhAratavarSa ke vibhinna pradezoM meM vizeSakara bihAra pradeza meM vihAra karate hue jIvoM ko upadeza dete rhe| unhoMne dUsaroM ko upadeza dene se pUrva svayaM ko hI jJAnapuJjoM se Alokita karanA ThIka samajhA / unhoMne socA ki jo prayoga mujhe mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 pra0 sampAdaka trizatRvarSIya sudIrgha dezanAvadhi meM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne lokodaya kI bhAvanA se anuprANita vahI upadeza diye jinakoM unhoMne apane Apa meM pUrNarUpa se AtmasAt kiyA thaa| unake upadeza lokodaya se kalyANodaya paryanta sAmaJjasyapUrNa the / moTe taura para ahiMsA, samAnatA, zranekAnta, zrAtmasvAtaMtrya, kaSAyamukti Adi mahAvIra ke mukhyopadeza kahe jA sakate haiM / vizAla bhArata ke vistRta vasudhA khaNDa para tIrthaGkara mahAvIra dvArA purnasthApita zrahiMsA hI eka aisA tatva hai jisakI sudRr3ha nIMba para mahAvIra ke mahAvIratva yA jainatva kA pracala mahAprAsAda lar3A huA hai / yadi mahAvIra ke jIvana meM se zrahiMsAtatva ko nikAla diyA jAye to usameM kucha bhI avazeSa nahIM bacegA / mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM sarvAdhika 1-9

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pratiSThA zrahiMsopadeza kI hI hai / mahAvIra zrIra ahiMsA eka dUsare ke pratIka haiM- eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI haiM / vizvavaMdya bApU ne eka bAra kahA thA-'yadi prAja koI mahAvIra ko jAnatA hai to basa unakI hiMsA ke hI kAraNa / " zrahiMsA tatva kI yadyapi sabhI dharmoM meM pratiSThA ke sAtha vyAkhyA kI gaI hai to bhI isakI atula gaharAiyoM meM mahAvIra hI jA pAye, talasparza to mahAvIra ne hI kiyA, bAkI sabhI uthale (kama gahare ) se hI lauTa aaye| tabhI to jaina darzana meM isake rUpoM kI vivecanA prApya hai / mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki sabhI jIvoM kI prAtmA samAna hai / sabhI jIva jInA pasanda karate haiM marane kI koI bhI icchA nahIM karatA, sAtha hI sabhI jIvoM ko jIne kA adhikAra hai| yadi koI jIva kisI zranya jIva kI hiMsA karatA hai to sabase pahale vaha usakI apanI hI hiMsA karatA hai ataH kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA mata karo, vadha mata karo, pIr3A mata pahuMcAzro sabhI jIvoM ke sAtha maitrI bhAva rakho isI meM kalyANa hai / asamAnatA ke virodha meM mahAvIra ne samAnatA kI AvAja uThAI / mAnavavAda kA abhiyAna claayaa| unhoMne kahA sabhI manuSya samAna haiM / koI bhI mAnava kisI varga jAti-pAMti yA rUpa-raMga ke AdhAra para UMcA nIcA nahIM hai ye sAre bheda mAnava ke svayaM nirmita haiM ataH kisI ko bhI apane se hIna mata samajho | sabhI barAbara haiM / satya anekAntAtmaka hai / koI eka kathana kisI eka dRSTi se satya hai to usase viparIta kathana bhI kisI dUsarI dRSTi se satya hotA hai / isIliye paraspara virodhI do dRSTikoNoM ke bIca bhI sAmaJjasya kA dvAra khulA rahatA hai / etadarthaM unhoMne aikAntika dRSTi kA parityAga kara sabhI ke sAtha zAMtipUrNa saha astitva kI bhAvanA banAye rakhane para jora diyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra jisa samaya hue usa samaya 1-10 hue deza meM vibhinna prakAra ke mata-matAntaroM kA pracAra prasAra cala rahA thA / zrAtmA ke sambandha meM bhI logoM meM kaI taraha kI bhrAnta dRSTiyAM vyApta thIM / zrataH isa sambandha meM bhI unhoMne zrapanA spaSTa zraura sulajhA huA vicAra- vAstavika mAnyatA tatkAlIna samAja ke sAmane peza kI / unhoMne kahA zrAtmA kI svatantra sattA hai - prAtmA eka vAstavikatA hai / usakA nirmANa kisI anya dravya se nahIM huA hai aura na hI vaha kisI anya dravya ke utpAdana meM sakSama hai / zarIra ke sAtha prAtmA kA saMyoga hote bhI vaha zarIra se ekadama bhinna hai jo anAdikAla se janmamRtyu ke prAvarta meM cakkara lagA rahI hai aura unase klezita hotI rahatI hai / saMsAra kA cakra prAtmA ke liye bar3A duHkhadAyI hai / jo zrAtmA saMsAra ke cakra se nikala jAtI hai vaha pUrNa rUpeNa svatantra ho jAtI hai aura usakA duHkhoM kA anAdi anavarata silasilA sadA ke liye samApta ho jAtA hai / zrataH he prANI ! tuma svayaM apane bhAgya ke vidhAtA aura ananta zakti ke puJja ho apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke dvArA hI tuma apanA acchA aura burA kara sakate ho / apane karmoM ke bhoktA svayaM tuma hI ho / ataH prapane puruSArtha ke dvArA apanI zrAtmA ko svatantra karo - anantakAla se saMsArAvartana meM cakkara lagA rahI zrAtmA kA uddhAra kro| use bandhana se nikAlo aura svatantra karo - prAtmAnanda kI anubhUti ko prApta karo / kaSAya mukti ke bAre meM logoM kI zrantazcetanA ko ubuddha karate hue unhoMne kahArAga aura dveSa zrAtmA ke ye donoM aise zatru haiM jo use sadA saMsAra meM bAMdhe haiM kabhI bhI chUTane nahIM dete / ina donoM kA bandha hI saMsAra kA bar3A kAraNa hai / ataH usase chUTane ke liye krodha, mAna, mAyAdi rUpa kaSAyoM ko choDo aura sukhI hopro kyoMki kaSAyoM ko chor3ane vAlA hI saMsAra chedakara paramasukha aura ananta zAMti kI prApti karatA hai / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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isa vizva meM paraspara virodhI guNoM vAle do padArtha milate haiM1. cetana, 2. jdd'| jainadarzana meM cetanA guNa vAle dravya ko jIva nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / pudgala, dharma, adharma, prAkAza aura kAla ye pAMca dravya cetanA vihIna haiN| inameM se kevala pudgala hI kriyAzIla hai / sAMsArika avasthA meM jIva kA pudgala ke sAtha sayoga rahatA hai| jIva kA aura pudgala kA saMbaMdha viccheda hone para joba ko jo zUddha avasthA hotI hai vaha hI mokSa hai / vidarI lekhikA ne jIva kI donoM pravasthAnoM kA kiJcit varNana ina paMktiyoM meM kiyA hai| pra0 sampAdaka bhautika jagat aura mokSa (jaina-darzana meM mAnya 'prAtmA' ke sandarbha meM) * kumArI prIti jaina, zodha chAtrA, jayapura isa vizAla vizva ke kisI bhI praza para jaina-darzana ke anusAra saMkSepa meM jIva-dravya kA dRSTipAta karane para hameM kevala do hI prakAra kI svarUpa haiN| sattAyeM dRSTigocara hotI haiM-1. cetana aura dUsarI __"jIva: upayogamayaH pramUrti kartA svadehaparimANaH 2. jar3a / sAdhAraNa bhASA meM cetana sattA' kA tAtparya prAtmA prathavA jIva se aura 'jar3a' kA acetana se, bhoktA saMsArasthaH siddhaH saH visrasA UrdhvagatiH / " prajIva se; aura dArzanika sandarbha meM 'cetana' kA (dravya saMgraha gA. 2) tAtparya prAdhyAtmikatA se va 'jar3a' kA tAtparya arthAt jo (cAra prANoM se) jItA hai, upayogabhautikatA se hai| maya hai, pramUrtika hai, kartA-bhoktA hai, svadeha pariNAma vAlA hai, saMsArastha hai (saMsAra meM sthiti rakhane vAlA jaina-darzana ke anusAra 'cetanasattA' kevala hai), siddha hone kI zakti yukta hai, svabhAva se urdhvaprAtmA yA jIva hai, isake koI bheda nahIM haiM, kintu gati ko jAnevAlA hai, sAtha hI jisameM jJAna, darzana, acetana (jar3a) sattA ke pAMca bheda haiM-pudgala, dharma, vIrya sukha prAdi guNa haiM vahIM jIva hai, cetana hai pradharma, aAkAza aura kaal| jainAgama meM inheM dravya aura jisameM rUpa, rasa, gandha tathA sparza guNa kahA jAtA hai, isa prakAra kula chaH dravya haiM / ina hoM vaha pudgala hai; rUpa, rasa, gaMdha tathA sparza guNa chahoM dravyoM meM kriyAzIla dravya jIva va pudgala hI haiM, yukta hone ke kAraNa pudgala mUrtika (jo prAMkhoM dvArA zeSa cAroM dravya niSkriya haiM, gatihIna haiM / ataH dekhA jA sake) dravya hai| mUla rUpa se pudgala paramANu cetanA kA prasAra jIva dravya se aura jar3atA kA rUpa hai, kintu aneka pudgala paramANunoM kA saMghAta prasAra pudgala dravya se hI hai| bhI hotA hai, paramANuoM kA saMghAta skandha kahalAtA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-11

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hai| zabda, bandha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, saMsthAna, bheda, bandhanoM se mukta honA / prAtmA kA apane zuddharUpa aMdhakAra, chAyA, prakAza, pAtapa (garmI) Adi meM nija rUpa meM, svabhAva meM apanI svatantra sattA pudgala dravya kI paryAyeM haiM, (ta. sU-5/24; dravya lie hue sthita rahanA hI mokSa hai, mukti hai| yaha saMgraha-16 / prAtmA kI pUrNatA kI sthiti hai| muktAvasthA meM jaba isa vizva meM phailI hui vastuoM para dRSTi prAtmA ke jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya prAdi svAbhAvika pAta karate haiM taba pratyeka vastU rUpa, rasa, gaMdha tathA guNa vikasita ho jAte haiN| mukta ho jAne ke bAda sparza se yukta aura zabda, baMdha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, jamma-maraNa, roga zoka, du.kha bhaya Adi bAdhAyeM samApta ho jAtI haiN| kyoMki ye saba bAdhAyeM karmasaMsthAna, bheda, andhakAra, chAyA, prakAza, pAtapa sthitiyoM meM hI prApta hotI hai| ataH yaha jJAta janita bAdhAyeM haiM, deha ke sAtha utpanna hone vAlI hotA hai ki yaha samasta dRzya-jagata pudgala kA hI bAdhAyeM haiM, muktAvasthA meM jaba karma hI naSTa ho jAyeMge taba karma janita avasthAyeM kaise raha vistAra hai| sakatI haiM ? Adhunika vijJAna kI pustakoM ke anusAra dhvani, USmA, prakAza Adi UrjAyeM bhautikatA kI pratIka ___isa prakAra bhautika jagat aura mokSa mAtmA haiM, ina UrjAoM ke kAraNa hI yaha jagat bhautika kI do avasthAyeM huI', kintu donoM eka dUsare se jagat kahalAtA hai / zabda, prAtapa, prakAza prAdi ye nitAnta virodhI haiM / bhautika jagat nazvaratA arthAt bhautika UrjAyeM pudgala kI paryAyeM prathavA sthitiyAM janma aura mRtyu kA pratinidhi hai to mokSa isake ho to PHAT faarg marA mata viparIta zAzvatatA kA pratIka hai| bhautika jagat paudgalika hai; arthAt yaha dRzya jagat bhautika jagat dRSTa hai aura mokSa adRSTa, ataH ananta pudgala paramANuSoM ke skandhoM kA banAva hai| inake astitva va satyatA ke bAre meM jijJAsA hotI motikatA kA kSetra samasta bhautika-jagat hai kintu hai| isa sambandha meM bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM mataprAdhyAtmikatA kevala prAtmA taka hI sImita hai, vaibhinya hai / eka mora cArvAka dArzanika dRSTa-bhautika kyoMki prAdhyatmikatA kI prAdhArabhitti prAtmA hI jagata ko hI satya athavA astitvazIla mAnate haiM, hai, jisakI carama pariNati mokSa hai| unake anusAra mokSAvasthA korI kalpanA hai| isake ___ 'mokSa' prAtmA kI svAbhAvika aura sAMsArika viparIta advaitavedAnta dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki avasthA usakI vaibhAvika sthiti hai| svAbhAvika 'brahma satyaM jaganmithyA' arthAt mokSa hI satya hai, sthiti meM prAtmA zuddha rUpa meM hotI hai, usakA gaTa pa meM hotI hai, usakA astitvazIla hai, yaha bhautika jagat mithyA hai, bhrama kisI anya dravya arthAta pUgala ke sAtha saMyoga hai satyatA kA prAbhAsa hai| nahIM rahatA jabaki vaibhAvika sthiti meM prAtmA kA uparokta donoM sthitiyAM eka dUsare se nitAnta pudgala ke sAtha saMyoga rahatA hai| jaba taka AtmA kA viruddha sthitiyAM haiM. do chora hai, rutiyAM pudagala ke sAtha saMyoga rahatA hai taba taka vaha bhautika (extremes) haiN| kintu jaina-darzana ina donoM pratiyoM jagata kI sImA meM rahatI hai, kintu jaba AtmA kA (extremes) ko apane andara sameTe hue hai| pudgala se viyoga ho jAtA hai taba hI vaha zuddha usake anusAra yaha bhautika jagat aura mokSa donoM avasthA meM sthita hotI hai aura prAtmA kI yaha zuddha hI satya haiM, astitvazIla haiN| kyoMki yaha jagata avasthA hI to mokSa hai; kyoMki mokSa kA artha hai podgalika hai, pudgala kA vistAra hai| pudgala chUTanA, mukta honA arthAt prAtmA kA samasta karma dravya hai, jaina-darzana ke anusAra dravya sat hai, asti 1-12 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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tvazIla hai (sat dravyalakSaNam, ta0 sU0 5/29) ananta, sukha cAheM dukha te bhayavanta" / pratyeka prANA ataH yaha paudgalika jagat bhI satya hai astitvazIla iSTa viyoga, aniSTa-saMyoga, rAga dveSa se pIr3ita hai, hai; aura mokSa jo prAtmA kI zuddhAvasthA hai, carama- dukhI hai, ataH vaha sukha prApti va duHkha nivRti kI pariNati hai, vaha bhI satya hai, astitvazIla hai, ceSTA karatA hai / isake liye vaha naye-naye sAdhanoM kyoMki prAtmA bhI dravya hai, jaba dravya astitvazIla kI khoja karatA hai unakI prApti ke liye er3I-coTI hai to AtmA bhI astitvazIla hai va prAtmA kI kA pasInA bahA detA hai, adhika se adhika sAdhana zuddhAvasthA mokSa bhI sat hai / juTAnA cAhatA hai, usake sAre prayatna yena-kenajaba donoM sthitiyAM mana to prazna uThatA prakAreNa sukha prApti ke liye hI hote haiM / isI ki prAtmA ke lie zreyasa kyA hai. zreSTha kyA hai ? bhAvanA se vazIbhUta prAja prANI ne eka se eka kyoMki kevala prAtmadravya hI cetanadravya hai, kartA- prAzcarya janaka vastuoM kA nirmANa kara jIvana ke bhoktA hai prataH samasta bhautikatA va prAdhyAtmikatA pratyeka kSetra meM sukha-suvidhAoM kA sambAra lagA diyA kI upAdeyatA kevala prAtmadravya ke sandarbha meM hI hai| hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zAyada usane apane ataH yahA~ mUlyAtmaka dRSTikoNa se vicAra karanA lakSya, sukha-prApti meM pUrNatA karalI ho| kintu hogA ki prAtmA ke lie mUlyavAn kyA hai ? sukha-zAnti ke bhautika sAdhanoM kI bar3hotarI ke bAvajUda bhI vaha sukhI nahIM hai / sukha prApti kI __ mUlya ke pratyeka nirNaya meM prAtmA kI santuSTi- dizA meM prAja bhI vaha vahIM hai jahAM se vaha calA asantuSTi antanihita hotI hai / mUlya-nirNaya meM heya thA, athavA zAyada Aja vaha pUrvApekSA adhika duHkhI pora upAdeya kA nirNaya prAvazyaka hai| mUlya, lakSya hai, saMtrasta hai, bhayabhIta hai, kyoMki usakI khojeM, prApti meM sahAyaka hai, kyoMki jIva usI ko mUlya usake prayAsa aura usake dvArA prApta sAdhana, sabhI pradAna karatA hai jise vaha prApta karanA cAhatA hai, bhautikatA kI pora jhuke huye haiM, sabhI sAdhana bhautika jo usakA prAptavya hai| prAtmA ke lie vahI hai| bhautika samRddhi nazvara haiM, sImita haiM, asthAyI mUlyavAn hai, zreyas hai jo usake lakSya me sAdhaka haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki jo vastu prAja sukha pradAna ho, usake abhISTa kI pUrti kare aura paramazre yas karatI hai, vahI kala duHkha utpanna karane lagatI hai / vaha hai jo sarva prakAra upAdeya hai / sAmAnyataH jabaki vaha cAhatA hai ki usakA sukha aparimita pratyeka jIvakA lakSya pRthak-pRthak hai, ho, kabhI na samApta hone vAlA ho; aura sukha kI meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki koI zikSA-prApti ko paribhASA bhI to yahI hai ki jo prAkulatA rahita apanA lakSya mAna use mUlyavAn samajhatA hai to ho. sthAyI ho. jisake bAda phira kisI prakAra kA koI dhana-prApti mUlyavAn samajhatA hai aura koI du kha zeSa na rahe (paMcAdhyAyI uttarArdha-224), mAna-pratiSThA ko hI mUlyavAn samajhatA hai, kintu saba prakAra kI bAdhAyeM dUra ho jAyeM kintu bhautikatA ina sabhI mUlyoM meM eka bAta samAna rUpa se anta _itanI samartha nahIM hai| prAja pAzcAtya dezavAsI nihita hai sukha prApti kI icchA, sukha prApti kA bhautika-sAdhanoM se sampanna hote haye bhI vikalatA lakSya; kyoMki zikSA prApti, dhana-prApti, pada kA anubhava kara rahe haiM, jIvana kI bar3hatI asurakSA pratiSThA pAne kI icchA antatogatvA sukha prApti kI ke kAraNa bhayabhIta haiM, palAyana kI ora unmukha haiN| icchA para hI prAdhArita hai, arthAta pratyeka jIva sukha isase jJAta hotA hai ki prANI ko jisa santoSa, kA abhilASI hai. dukha se bhayabhIta hai / paM0 sukha va zAnti kI kAmanA hai, khoja hai vaha bhautikatA daulatarAmajI ne kahA bhI hai-"je tribhuvana meM jIva se prApta nahIM hai / vastutaH bhautikatA nirAkula sukha mahAvIra jayantI smArikA " 1-13

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pradAna karane meM sarvathA asamartha hai, balki vaha to duHkha ke janaka rAga aura dveSa ko aura bar3hAvA detI hai / isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki bhautika jagat mUlya rahita hai yA bhautikatA mUlya prApti meM sAdhaka nahIM hai; kitane hI mUlya bhautikatA ke mAdhyama se hI prApta hote haiM kintu phira bhI vaha (bhautikatA) parama zreyas (ult mate good ) kI prApti meM bAdhaka hai ataH heya hai / prazna uThatA hai ki taba zrAtmA ke liye, prANI ke liye upAdeya kyA hai ? use sukha kI prApti, paramazreyasa kI prApti vahAM se ho sakatI hai ? kaise ho sakatI hai ? AtmA eka svatantra dravya hai kintu sAMsArika prAraNI pudgala karmoM se jakar3A huA hai, pudgala dravya zrAtmadravya se sarvathA bhinna eka pRthak dravya hai; zrIra do nitAnta virodhI dravyoM kA saMyoga kadApi sukhakArI nahIM ho sakatA / isa saMyoga se zrAtmA svabhAva bhUla gaI hai, usake jJAna, darzana Adi guNa malina par3a gaye hai, vaha azuddhAvasthA meM hai / pratyeka vastu jaba apane zuddha rUpa meM hotI hai tabhI vaha mUlyavAna hotI hai, upAdeya hotI hai aura apane lakSya ko bhI tabhI prApta kara sakatI hai| dUdha ko hI leM jaba vaha yuddha hotA hai, jalamizrita nahIM hotA tabhI vaha upAdeya guNakArI va mUlyavAna hotA hai aura tabhI vaha apane lakSya meM bhI saphala hotA hai | ataH zrAtmA bhI jaba apane zuddha rUpa meM sthita hogI tabhI parama Ananda kA anubhava kara sakegI, isake liye use svarUpa jAnanA hogA, apanI AtmA meM hI lIna ho 'para' se mamatva tyAganA hogA 'sva-para' bheda vijJAna ko jAnanA hogA tabhI vaha naisargika sukha ko prApta kara sakatI hai / vastutaH bhautikatA nirAkula sukha kI prApti meM bAdhaka hai, kyoMki sukha to AtmA kA apanA guraNa hai, kintu vaha paudgalika karmoM se prAvRta hone ke kAraNa malina ho rahA hai, zrataH jaba taka zrAtmA ke sAtha bhautikatA athavA paugalika karmoM kA kiMcit zraMza bhI rahegA taba taka mAtmA sukha prApta nahIM kara sakatI / jisa kSaNa 1-14 zrAtmA kA bhautikatA se sAtha chUTa jAyegA usI kSaNa sukha kA ajasra srota phUTa par3egA zrIra zAnti kI avirala dhArA baha nikalegI / zrAtmA apane sahaja rUpa meM, nija rUpa meM, svabhAva meM sthita ho jAyegI; vahI sthiti to mokSa hai, mukti hai| vahAM AkulatA kA, rAga-dveSa kA praveza nahIM hai / vahAM zrAtmA ke saba baMdhana nibaMndha ho jAte haiM, vahAM na tarka kI gati hai, na use hamArI bhautikatA se pagI huI buddhi hI grahaNa kara sakatI | arthAt paramazra eyas kI prApti 'prAdhyAtmikatA' se hI ho sakatI hai, bhautikatA se nahIM / isIliye bhAratIya manISA hajAroM varSoM se bhautikatA ke prati asantoSa prakaTa karatI prA rahI hai. isI kAraNavaza use (bhAratIya manISA ko) ghora nirAzAvAdI kahA jAtA rahA hai; kintu aisA kahanA nitAnta ekAMgI dRSTikoNa kA paricAyaka hai kyoMki dUsarI ora ve zAzvata satya va pUrNa sukha ke rAjya meM jAne kA mArga bhI to prazasta karate haiM, jo parama zrAzA kA pratIka hai / sAdhAraNataH pratyeka prANI ke prantas meM aise aparimita sukha kI prApti ke prati sandeha utpanna hotA hai kintu jaina dArzanika to AtmA kI naisargika ananta sAmarthya meM gambhIra vizvAsa rakhate haiM, ataH ve prANI mAtra ko zrAzA kA sandeza va svAvalambana kI prazasanIya zikSA dete haiM aura sukha prApti kA patha bhI udghATita karate haiN| zrAvazyakatA hai usa patha ke pathika banane kI, eka bAra patha para bar3ha kara dekheM to, sandeza svameva vizvAsa meM, anubhava meM pariNata ho jAyegA / kevala prayatna kI AvazyakatA hai, prAdhyAtmikatA kI zaraNa jAne ke bAda sukha kI prApti nizcita hai / ataH yadi hama vAstava sukha cAhate haiM to hameM zrAdhyAtmikatA hI kI zaraNa meM jAnA hogA, isI se hamAre gantavya, hamArI maMjila 'mokSa' kI prApti ho sakegI anyathA yaha vizAla bhautika jagat hI hamArI niyati bana kara raha jAyegA, jahAM hama bahurupiye kI bhA~ti eka ke bAda eka bheSa dhAraNa karate raheMge, janma-dhAraNa karate raheMge aura mRtyu kI goda meM jAte rheNge| 2 meM mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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jitane bhI prAstika darzana haiM ve mAnava kA lakSya nirvANa prApti svIkAra karate haiN| mAnava ke cAra puruSArthoM meM vaha antima hai| puruSArtha dharma se prAraMbha hote haiN| nirvANa prApti ke lie dharma kI sAdhanA anivArya hai| jaina aura bauddha darzana isa dRSTi se samAna haiM ki donoM hI Izvara ko kartA dhartA nahIM mAnate / phalataH donoM ko hI mAnyatA hai ki mAnava apane prayatnoM, apanI sAdhanA se nirvANa kI prApti kara sakatA hai| donoM darzanoM kI vaha sAdhanApaddhati kyA hai ? isakI jAnakArI saMkSepa meM vidvAn lekhaka ko ina paMktiyoM se prApta kiijie| pra0 sampAdaka jaina-bauddha sAdhanA paddhati : * zrI udayacandra 'prabhAkara' zAstrI, indaura bhAratIya darzana kI vicAradhArA AdhyAtmikatA jJAnarUpa hai| jIva eka hI tatva hai| jo jJAna hai se motaprota hai, jisake patha kA anusaraNa kara vahI jIva hai, jo jIva hai, vahI jJAna hai| jIva se mAnava ne apane kAluSya ko dhokara nirvANa yA mokSa pRthak jJAna nahIM hai| jJAna jIva kA vizeSaNa nahIM, yA kaMvalya ko prApta kara liyaa| kaivalya yA mokSa apitu svarUpa hai| kI dazA meM mAnava ko prAtma-svarUpa kA bodha ho AcAra mImAMsA :-bhAratIya darzana kA mUla jAtA hai aura prAtmA hI paramAtmA kA rUpa dhAraNa __ lakSya hai mukti yA mokSa / sabhI ne karmabaMdhanoM se kara letA hai| usakA janma-janmAtara kA bhava-bhramaNa mukti yA duHkha se vimukti hone ko mokSa kahA hai| miTa jAtA hai| yahAM isa bAta kA nirdeza karanA hai jaina darzana meM ratnatraya -samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna ki jaina-bauddha dharma ne kauna se sAdhana mukti ke lie mora samyaka cAritra kI yogyatA prApta hone para prayoga kiye, jisase saMsAra cakra kI avasthA samApta mokSa prApta ho jAtA hai| ata: mokSa ke sAdhana haiM ho jAya / donoM hI darzana apane-apane kSetra meM prasiddha karmoM kI nirjarA ke lie 1. paJcamahAvrata, haiN| jahAM jainoM ne ratnatraya ko pradhAna kahA, vahAM 2. samiti, 3. gupti, 4. dharma, 5. anuprekSA, bauddhoM ne nirvANa prApti ke lie aSTAMgamArga kA 6. pariSahajaya aura 7. cAritra / ye upAya haiN| nirdeza kiyaa| donoM ne ahiMsA ko mahatva diyA yA mahAvIra kI AdhAra mImAMsA isI AdhAra para aura brahmacayaM para vizeSa jora diyA hai| TikI huI hai| hiMsAdi kAryoM ko donoM ne heya maanaa| karma- Adhunika saMdarbha meM ahiMsA kahAM taka saphala vAda aura punarjanma kA siddhAnta bhI svIkAra kiyaa| hai, yaha to isI bAta se pratyakSa ho jAtA hai ki parantu kucha mAnyatAoM ko jo janoM ne svIkAra sabhI prANI abhaya cAhate haiM, cAhe corI karane kI use bauddhoM ne nhiiN| jainadarzana kI prAdhArabhUta vAlA ho yA anya avaidhAnika kArya ko karane zilA prAtma-tatva yA jIvatatva hai| yaha jIva vaalaa| jahAM hiMsaka pravRtti mAnava ko patana kI mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-15

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ora le jAtI hai vahAM grahisaka aisA sAdhana prastuta karatA hai ki jisase mAnava meM karuNA kA pravAha baha nikale kyA hama aisA vyavahAra kara rahe haiM ? isakA uttara dUsare ke pAsa khojane kI bajAya svayaM ke pAsa khojanA hoMge / "jaNeNa saddhi hokkhAmi " 'jo dUsaroM kA hAla hogA vaha merA bhI hogA / ' vaha prajJAnI aisA socane vAlA hiMsA, jhUTha, kapaTa, cugalI, dhUrtatA Adi ke svabhAva ko chor3a sakegA / parantu jo : samuddagaMbhIrasamA durAsayA, zracakkiyA keraNai duppahaMsayA / suyassa puNNA viulassa tAiNo, vitta kammaM gaimuktamaM gayA // zrarthAt samudra ke samAna gaMbhIra vicAra vAlA, durjaya, nirbhaya kisI se nahIM dabane vAle vipula zrutajJAna se pUrNa cha: kAya ke rakSaka hokara karmoM ko kSaya karake mokSa ko prApta hote haiM / ahiMsA vaha hai, jo satyAnveSaNa ke mArga kI ora le jA sake / vaha Atma-tatva hI satya hai, jo hiMsaka vAtAvaraNa se rahita hai| uttarA0 meM AtmA ke viSaya meM likhA hai 'appA naI veyaraNI, appA me kUDasAmalI / appA kAmaduhA gheNU, appA me naMdarAMvaraNaM // arthAt prAtmA hI saMsAra sAgara se pAra karAne vAlI vaitaraNI nadI ke samAna hai, AtmA hI kUTa zAlmalI vRkSa hai, zrAtmA hI kAmadhenu hai aura yahI nandana bana haiN| 'tumeva mitta' tumeva satta' zreSTha prAcAra vAlI zrAtmA mitra rUpa hai aura durAcAra vAlI prAtmA zatru hai / isa gaharAI kA sparza karane vAlA zrahiMsaka vicAra zrIra kyA ho sakatA / aisI bAta mahAvIra ne kahI aisA socakara usako jIvana meM bhI to utArakara dekheM / zraura jIvana ko isa dizA kI prora mor3a deM / pratAnaM upamaM karavA na 1-16 haneyya na ghAtaye / zrarthAt prapane samAna saba jIvoM ko jAnakara manuSya na kisI ko mAre aura na mArane kI ora prerita kre| aura gItA kA yaha kathana jIvana meM caritArtha kare to nizcaya hI sukhazAMti kI prApti saMbhava ho sakatI : "niyataM karma tvaM karma jyAyo hyakarmaNaH / kuru zarIrayAtrApi ca te na prasiddhayedakarmaNaH // arthAt niyata kiye hue svadharmaM kara, kyoMki na karane kI apekSA karma karanA zreSTha hai tathA karma na karane se terA zarIra- nirvAha bhI nahIM ho sakatA / syAdvAda anekAMta kI dRSTi prAcAra-vicAra se prataprota hai, hiMsaka bhAva kA kiMcit bhI sthAna nahIM / atyAcAra anAcAra kI bhAvanA mAnava ko marusthalI TIle para khar3A kara detI hai, jo havA ke vega se Dhaha jAne vAlI haiM / prataH aisI vaicArika dRSTi ko kyoM na apanAyA jAya, jisase hamArI bhAdhAra zilA majabUta rahe / jIvana nirAzA se pUrNa hai isameM harSa, Ananda aura ullAsa kiJcit bhI nahIM hai / nirAzA evaM duHkha kI zAnti ke lie buddha ne cAra Arya satyoM kI pratiSThA kI / janma, jarA, vyAdhi evaM mRtyu duHkha ke kAraNa haiM / ina duHkhoM kI samApti se parama sukha kI prApti ho sakatI / duHkha aura duHkhoM ke kAraNoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie buddha ne grASTAMgika mArga kA anusaraNa karane ko kahA / 1. samyak dRSTi, 2. samyak saMkalpa, 3. samyak vacana, 4. samyak karmAnta, 5. samyak prajIva, 6. samyak vyAyAma, 7. samyak sasmRti zrIra 8. samyak samAdhi ina prASTAMga mArga kA anusaraNa kara manuSya svAvalambI bana sakatA hai aura ye hI sAdhanA paddhati ke sAdhana haiM / parantu manuSya apane kiye gaye pApoM se apane mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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mApako malina karatA rahatA hai| para yaha nahIM pratanA saMkilissati / attanA prakataM pApaM attanA mAlUma : hi visujjhati / ' arthAt apane svayaM ke kiye hae attA hi bhattano nAtho ko hi nAtho paro siyaa| duHkharUpa pApa se svayaM hI zuddha ho sakatA hai| prattanA hi sudantena nAthaM labhati dullabhaM // donoM hI sAdhanA paddhati duHkharUpI saMsAra ke dhammapada-160 kAraNoM se chuTakArA prApta karane ko kahatI haiM / (prAtmaiva hyAtmano bandhurAtmaiva ripurAtmanaH / ) aura isa bAta para vizeSa jora detI haiM ki jo gItA-6-5 saMsAra ke bhava bhramaNa se chUTanA cAhatA hai, use bAhya se haTakara apanI prAntarika gaharAI taka parthAt pApa hI apane svAmI haiM, dUsarA kauna pahuMcanA avazya hai| svayaM ke dvArA khoje hue mArga svAmI ho sakatA hai| apane svayaM ko bhalI prakAra kA nirdeza dUsaroM ko sahaja hI dikhalA sakate haiM / se damana kara lene para manuSya durlabha svAmI ko mahAvIra-buddha ne apane mArga ko pahale khojA, bAda prApta kara letA hai| 'saca to yaha hai ki jitane meM dUsaroM ko batalAyA, tabhI to DhAI hajAra varSa bhI duHkha ke kAraNa haiM ve sabhI svayaM ke dvArA bAda bhI unakI sAdhanA paddhati kA mArga mAja bhI utpanna kiye gaye haiM / isalie 'prattanA hi kataM pApaM smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / apanI prAtmA ke sAtha hI yuddha karanA caahiye| bAharI zatruoM ke sAtha yuddha karane se kyA lAbha ? svayaM ke dvArA svayaM ko jItane vAlA hI yathArtha meM pUrNa sukhI hotA hai| -bha. mahAbIra pratyeka sAdhaka nitya prati yaha cintadhana kare--maiMne kyA kara liyA hai aura aba kyA karanA bAkI hai / kona sA aisA kArya hai jise maiM kara sakatA hU~ kintu kara nahIM pA rahA huuN| -bha0 mahAvIra mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-17

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samarpita karaneM akSata-caMvana * bhI ghAsIrAma jaina 'candra', zivapurI yuga yuga bIta gae tuma Aye dharatI para pAdapa laharAye DAra DAra ne phUla car3hAye bajI dudubhI svarga loka meM tyu loka ne harSa mnaaye| kaMcana barase, jana-mana hararSe kisI bhUpa ke rAjakuvara kA janma huA thaa| prajA khuzI meM nAca rahI thI kise jJAta thA taba triloka se pUjya babhegA yaha pAlaka prajJAna-timira ko haraNa karegA varaNa karegA mukti-ramA ko| bar3e prema se bar3e bhAva se bulA rahe hama bhagavan prAvo ! hameM jJAna ke pATha par3hAvo kintu virAjita hai ghaTa-ghaTa meM vardhamAna usako hamane kaba pahicAnA hai ? jo cira-nidrita moha nizA ke aMdhakAra meM bhaTaka rahA hai aTaka rahA bhava bhramaNa jAla meM use na milatI trizalA mAtA siddhAratha-sA tAta na pAyA jama bharamAyA use jgaayo| bahI vIra hai. vardhamAna hai, sanmati hai matidhIra vahI hai mahAvIra yadi hama usako pahicAneMge vardhamAna mila jAyaM miTeMge bhava-bhava ke anAdi ke baMdhana karma nikaMdana tihu'jaga vandana trizalAnandana ghaTa-ghaTa vyApaka ghaTa meM baiThA prAvo use samarpita karadeM akSata-candana / 1-18 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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1 jainadharma meM arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye pAMca parameSThI mAne gaye haiM / ve jainoM ke upAsanIya deva haiN| zrAtmasAdhanA dvArA jo jJAnAvararaNI, darzanAvaraNI, mohanIya aura antarAya ina ghAtiyA karmoM kA kSaya kara dete haiM ve prarihanta kahalAte haiN| ina prarihantoM meM jo saMsAra ke kalyANa ko utkaTa bhAvanA ke kAraNa solahakAraraNa bhAvanAoM kA cintavana kara pUrva janma meM sAtizaya puNya prakRti tIrthaMkara prakRti kA baMdha karate haiM ve tIrthaMkara banate haiN| aise tIrthaMkara pratyeka kAlacakra meM kevala 24 ho ho sakate haiM / inake hI paMca kalyANaka hote haiM / zeSa ke kisI ke tIna, kisI ke do kalyANaka hote haiM / dharma tIrtha kI pravRtti ina 24 tIrthaMkaroM dvArA hI hotI hai| ina kalyANakoM ke svarUpa aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paMca kalyANakoM ke sambandha meM isa racanA meM jAnakArI dI gaI hai / pra0 sampAdaka paMca kalyANakoM kA svarUpa aura bhagavAna mahAvIra * zrI prAditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' ema. e., risarca skaoNlara, alIgar3ha jaina vAGmaya meM pratyeka tIrthaGkara ke jIvanakAla kI pAMca prasiddha evaM mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAyeM parilakSita hotI haiN| inheM 'paMca kalyANaka' nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai / ye kalyANaka jagata ke lie pratyanta kalyANaprada evaM maMgalakArI hote haiM / jo janma se hI tIrthaGkara prakRti ke sAtha anusyUta huye haiM unake to pAMca hI kalyANaka hote haiM, parantu jisane antima bhava hI tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandha kiyA hai usake yathA saMbhava cAra, tIna yA do kalyANaka hI hote haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki tIrthaGkara svabhAva ke prabhAva meM sAdhAraNa sAdhakoM ko ye kalyANaka nahIM hote haiM / jaina saMskRti meM avatAravAda ke lie koI avasara nahIM hai / jIva kA sva karmAnusAra uttarottara vikAsa huA karatA hai / kalyANaka jIva kI zreSTha pariNati kA dyotaka hai| nava nirmita jina bimba kI zuddhi hetu jo paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA pATha kiye jAte haiM vaha usI mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 pradhAna paMca kalyANaka kI kalpanA mAtra hai / jisake pratiSThApana se prabhu pratimA meM vAstavika tIthaM kI sthApanA hotI hai / aba yahA~ ina kalyANakoM kA saMkSepa meM vivecana kareMge / garbha kalyANaka : prabhu ke garbha meM Ane se chaH mAha pUrva se lekara janma paryanta pandraha mAha taka usake janma sthAna para indra ke koSAdhyakSa kubera dvArA pratidina tIna bAra sAr3he tIna karor3a ratnoM kA varSaraNa hotA hai| devAMganAyeM mAtA kI paricaryA evaM garbhazodhana karatI haiM / garbhavAle divasa se pUrva rAtri ko mAtA ko solaha utkRSTa svapnoM ke prabhidarzana hote haiM / ina svapnoM para prabhu kA avataraNa nizcaya kara mAtA-pitA mudita hote haiM / janma kalyANaka : prabhu kA janma hotA hai / devabhavanoM va svargoM meM apane zrA ghaNTe bajane lagate haiM / indroM ke prAsana 1-19

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kampAyamAna ho jAte haiM jisase prabhu ke janma kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai / indra va deva sabhI kA prabhu janga- mahotsava manAne hetu bar3I dhUmadhAma se isa bhUloka para zrAgamana hotA hai / devagaNa apane-apane sthAna para hI sAta paga Age jAkara prabhu ko parokSa namaskAra karate haiM / devAMganAyeM prabhu ke jAtakarma karatI haiM / kubera nagara kI adbhuta sAjasajjA va zobhA meM nimagna hotA hai / indrANI prasUtigRha meM praveza karatI hai| mAtA ko mAyA nidrA meM sulAkara unake nikaTa eka mAyAmayI putalA liTA detI hai / zizu prabhu ko indra kI goda meM de detI hai / prabhu ke sauMdarya kA avalokana karane hetu indra eka sahasra netra banAkara bhI santuSTa nahIM hotA apitu airAvata hAthI para prabhu ko lekara sumeru parvata kI ora calatA hai / vahA~ pahuMca kara pANDuka zilA para zizu prabhu kA kSIrasAgara se devoM dvArA lAye gaye jala ke eka hajAra ATha kalazoM dvArA abhiSeka karatA hai / tadanantara indra zizu prabhu ko vastrAbhUSaNa se alaMkRta kara nagara meM devoM sahita mahAna utsava ke sAtha praveza karatA hai| zizu ke prAMgUThe meM amRta bharatA hai aura tANDava nRtyAdi aneka mAyAmayI adbhuta lIlAyeM pragaTa kara devaloka ko prasthAna kara jAtA hai / tapa kalyANaka : rAjya ke vaibhava ko bhogane ke uparAnta eka divasa kisI kAraNavaza prabhu ko vairAgya udaya hotA | brahma svarga se laukAntika deva grAkara prabhu ko vairAgyavarddhaka upadeza dete haiM / indra vastrAbhUSaraNa se alaMkRta karatA hai / kubera dvArA nirmita zivikA meM prabhu svayaM virAjate haiN| zivikA pahale kucha dUra taka bhUloka para manuSyoM dvArA saMcAlita hotI hai phira devagaNa prakAza mArga se prabhu-pAlakI le calate haiM / tapovana meM pahuMcakara prabhu vastrAlaMkAra kA parihArya kara kezoM kA luMcana karate haiM aura digambara mudrA dhAraNa karate haiM / prabhu ke sAtha aneka rAjA dIkSA lete haiM / indra prabhu kezoM ko eka maNi 1-20 yukta piTAre meM rakhakara kSIrasAgara meM kSepaNa karatA hai / dIkSAsthalI tIthaM sthalI meM pariNata ho jAtI hai / prabhu belA, telA Adi ke niyamapUrvaka 'U' namaH siddha ebhyaH' kA uccAraNa kara svayaM dIkSA lete haiM / niyama pUrNa hone para AhArArtha nagara meM praviSTa hote haiM aura yathAvidhi zrAhAra grahaNa karate haiM / dAtAra ke nivAsa meM paMcAzcaryaM zranusyUta hote haiM / jJAna kalyANaka : yathAkrama meM dhyAna kI sIr3hiyoM para zrArUr3ha hote hue cAra ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza ho jAne para prabhu ko kevala jJAna Adi ananta catuSTaya lakSmI prApta hotI hai / taba puSpavRSTi, dundubhI zabda, azoka vRkSa, camara, bhAmaNDala, chatratraya, svargasiMhAsana aura divya dhvani ye ATha pratihArya udita hote haiM / indra kI prAjJA se kubera samavazaraNa kI sarjanA karatA hai / isa vicitra sarjanA se jagata acambhita hotA hai / / bAraha sabhAtroM meM yathAsthAna deva, manuSya, muni, AryikA zrAvaka-zrAvikA Adi sabhI prabhu ke upadezAmRta kA pAnakara jIvana saphalIbhUta karate haiM / prabhu kA vihAra bar3I dhUmadhAma se hotA hai / yAcakoM ko kimicchaka dAna diyA jAtA hai / prabhu ke caraNa kamala meM devagaraNa sahasradala svarNa kamaloM kI racanA karate haiM aura prabhu inako sparza na karake adhara prakAza meM hI gamana karate haiN| Age-Age dharmacakra calatA | bAje -nagAr3e bajate haiM / pRthvI iti-bhIti unmukta ho jAtI hai / indra rAjAoM ke sAtha Age mAge jaya-jayakAra karate calate haiM / mArga meM manohArI krIr3Asthala nirmita kiye jAte haiM / mArga aSTamaMgala dravyoM se suzobhita hotA hai / bhAmaNDala, chatra, camara svataH sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| RSigaNa anugamana karate haiM / indra pratihArI banatA hai / aneka nidhiyA~ sAtha ho letI haiM / virodhI anurodhI ho jAte haiM / andhe, baharoM ko dikhane, sunane laga jAtA hai / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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nirdhAraNa kalyANaka : antima samaya prabhu yoga-nirodha dvArA dhyAna meM nizcalatA kara cAra zraghAtiyA karmoM kA bhI nAza kara dete haiM aura nirvANa ko prApta hote haiM / devagaNa nirvANa kalyANaka kI pUjA arcanA karate haiM / prabhu kA zarIra kapUra kI nAIM ur3a jAtA hai / indra usa sthAna para prabhu ke lakSaNoM se yukta siddhazilA kA nirmANa karatA hai | una jainadharma ke caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bhI paca kalyANaka prasiddha haiM / sabhI kalyANakoM meM uparyaGkita vizeSatAyeM parilakSita haiN| jaina bhaktyAtmaka loka meM mahAvIra pUjana meM ina kalyANakoM ko nitya gAyA duharAyA jAtA hai | hindI kavi vRndAvanadAsa viracita mahAvIra pUjana ke AdhAra para unake kalyANakoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kareMge / TappArAga meM kavi ne garbhakalyANaka meM spaSTa likhA hai ki bhaSAr3ha zuklA SaSThI ko mahArAnI trizalA ke ura meM prabhu ne garbha dhAraNa kiyA jisakI surapatiyoM dvArA sarva prakAra se sevA suzrUSA sampanna huI / yathA : "garama sADha sita chaTTa liyo tithi, trizalA ura magha haranA / sura-surapati titaseva karI nita, maiM pUjoM bhava taranA / / " caitra zuklA trayodazI ko prabhu varddhamAna ne kuNDalapura nagara meM janma liyA / janmotsava ko devI-devatAoM ke atirikta manISI munijanoM dvArA pUjA-arcanA kI gayI / yathA : mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17 "janama caita sita terasa ke dina, kuNDalapura kana varanA / suragira suraguru pUja racAyo, maiM pUjoM bhaya haranA // " mArgazIrSa kRSNAdazamI ko prabhu ne tapazcaraNa sampanna kiyA maura rAjA ke yahAM pAraNA prApta kI / isa ghaTanA ko loka meM pUjA jAne lagA / yathA : "ma~sira prasita manohara dazamI, tA dina tapa zrAcaranA / nRpa kumAra ghara pAraNa kInoM, maiM pUjoM tuma caranA ||" vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ko prabhu dvArA cAra ghAtiyA karmoM kA kSaya karake jJAna kalyANaka prApta karanA ullekhita hai / kevala jJAna ke balabUte para bhava-bhava ke saMkaToM kA samApana ho jAtA hai / yathA : " zukala darza vaizAkha divasa prari, ghAta casuka chya karanA / kevala lahi bhavi bhavasara tAre, jajoM carana sukha bharanA // " paMcama kalyANaka kArtika kRSNA zramAvasyA ko sampanna huA jisameM prabhu mahAvIra ne apane pUrNa karmoM kA kSaya karake AvAgamana se mukti pAvApura meM prApta kI hai / yathA : "kAtika zyAma zramAvasa zivatiya pAvApurateM varanA | -8x8 ganaphani vRda maiM pUjo bhaya haranA / " jajetita bahuvidha ye paMca kalyANaka hamArI jIvana caryA ko prakSAlana karane ke lie mahanIya kAma karate haiM / isIlie inakA nitya cintavana bhaktajanoM dvArA jina maMdiroM meM sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| 1-21

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SOUDAHHAHHAAGABOO BAAHHAHAAAAA parama pUjya zrI vardhamAna ko * hAsya kavi zrI hajArIlAla jaina "kAkA", po. sakarAra svayaM pratIka bana mahAvIra ne jaga ko sad upadeza diyA thA, kevala parigraha tyAga karAne nagna digambara veSa kiyA thA, bharatA nahIM ghAva vANI kA vANI para anuzAsana rakkho, bAraha varSa mauna vrata rakha kara yahI mUka saMdeza diyA thA, UMYVAVUSWWWWWYCHVUCHOMWMXQOWMANUM khuda hI duHkha saha kara jIvoM ko jIne kA vizvAsa diyA thA, yA yoM samajho patajhara banakara isa jaga madhumAsa diyA thA, jo hiMsA ko dharma mAna kara adhikAra meM bhaTaka rahe theusako satya ahiMsA vAlA prabala, prakhara, prakAza diyA thA, SUSAHHHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHAA jinheM achUta kahA karate the mAne jAte azuci apAvana, jinakI A~khoM meM rahatA thA atyAcAroM se nita sAvana, dharma nAma para jinheM yajJa meM pazuoM ke saMga homA jAtAabhayadAna dekara khuziyoM kA bhora utArA unake prAMgana, jinake caraNoM meM RSi munigaNa sadA lagAte rahe dhyAna ko,' jinake pada cinhoM para cala kara pAte rahate pUrNa jJAna ko, jinakI sadvANI ke dvArA jJAnAmRta kI dhAra bahI thI'kAkA' kavi kA koTi namana hai parama pUjya zrI vardhamAna ko, 2290CMWMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-22

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mahApuruSa kisI kAla vizeSa prathavA vyakti yA sampradAya vizeSa ke nahIM hote| vo sabako samAna bhAva se dekhate haiN| unake lie koI choTA bar3A nahIM hotA / ko kisI ko kaSTa denA nahIM cAhate / bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI aise mahApuruSoM meM se eka the / yaha smArikA una hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janma jayantI para prakAzita ho rahI hai / bar3e bar3e utsava bhI isa samaya ho rahe hoMge / lekhikA kI dRSTi meM, jo ki saca hai jayantI manAnA taba hI sArthaka ho sakatA hai jaba ki hama unake batAye mArga para caleM, dharma ko jIvana meM utaareN| pra0 sampAdaka bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn mahAvIra hamAre 24veM evaM antima tIrthaGkara the / ve tapa pradhAna saMskRti ke ujjvala pratIka haiM / bhogoM se bhare huye isa saMsAra meM eka aisI sthiti bhI sambhava hai jisameM manuSya kA mana nirantara saMyama aura prakAza ke sAnnidhya meM rahatA ho / isa satya kI vizvasanIya prayogazAlA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana hai / * zrImatI suzIlA bAkalIvAla, ema. e., jayapura hai aura janatA ko satpatha dikhAtA hai / aise hI the hamAre bhagavAn mahAvIra / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga vizva ke dhArmika jagat meM eka pradbhuta krAnti, tatva-ciMtana evaM dArzanika vicAra bAhulya kA yuga thA / jaba svArtha kI grADa meM durAcAra, pratyAcAra saMsAra meM phaila jAtA hai, dIna-hIna nizakta prANI nirdayatA kI cakkI meM pisane lagate haiM rakSaka jana hI usake bhakSaka bana jAte haiM | svArthI dayAhIna mAnava dharma kI dhArA dharma kI prora moDa detA hai / dInaasahAya prANiyoM kI karuNa pukAra jaba koI nahIM sunatA, taba prakRti kA karuNa srota bahane lagatA hai / vaha aisA parAkramI sAhasI vIra lA khar3A karatI hai jo pratyAcAriyoM ke atyAcAra ko miTA detA hai, dIna duHkhI prANiyoM kA saMkaTa dUra karatA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1 meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kSatriya rAjA siddhArtha ke putra the / vaizAlI janapada ke mukhya nagara kuNDagrAma unakA janma huA thA / prApakI mAtA kA nAma trizalA devI thA / eka sarvasAdhana sampanna rAjakula meM sAMsArika vaibhava ke madhya janma grahaNa karane ke uparAnta bhI bAlaka mahAvIra kA mana bhautikatA ke prati nitAnta virakta rahA / zrApa bAla brahmacArI the aura tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM hI zrApane saMnyAsa dhAraNa kara bAraha varSa taka kaThora tapasyA kara jaMgaloM meM bhaTakate hue apane karmoM kA kSaya kiyA, indriyoM ko vaza meM kiyA aura 42 varSa kI zravasthA meM kevalajJAna prApta kara sacce sukha kI prApti kii| tatpazcAt janatA ko apane upadeza | mRta se plAvita karate huye logoM ko sahI rAha dikhAte huye tatkAlIna kurItiyoM kA evaM brAhmaNavAda kA ghora virodha karate hue vihAra karate rhe| mahAvIra ke hiMsAvAdI upadezoM ne prANimAtra ko amAnuSika atyAcAroM se sAntvanA hI nahIM dI, barana unake 1-23

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liye vikAsa kA navamArga bhI prazasta kiyaa| kA dyotaka hai / samavazaraNa meM puruSa ke barAbara unhoMne prANI mAtra ko karuNA va samAnatA kA mUla nArI ko bhI bhagavAn kI vANI sunane kA samAna mantra diyA / unakA jIvo aura jIne do" kA sthAna thaa| puruSa kI bhAMti strI bhI mahAvana aMgImahAn sandeza isI dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai / unakI kAra kara apane karmoM kA prAva rokane kI adhiahiMsA kA artha kAyaratA nahIM hai / atyAcArI ko kArI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane upadezoM ke daNDa denA hiMsA nahIM hai unakI ahiMsA kSamA meM dvArA "nArI samAnatA' para bala diyA hai| nihita hai / isI ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ne tatkAlIna bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vyaktitva kevala jainiyoM mAnava samudAya kA saphalatApUrvaka mArga prazasta kiyA thA aura isI siddhAnta kI Aja ke mAnava ke liye hI nahIM, apitu samUce vizva ke liye eka ko bhI pratyadhika AvazyakatA hai kyoMki Aja eka prAdarza hai / prApake vyaktitva meM candra kI zItalatA, vana kI udAsInatA, sAgara kI gambhIratA, himAlaya rASTra dUsare rASTra ko haDapanA cAhatA hai / eka mAnava dUsare mAnava ko avizvAsa kI dRSTi se dekhatA kI uccatA tathA prAdhyAtmikatA ko vIratA hai / kSaNa mAtra meM mAnava sabhyatA ko hI naSTa kara virAjamAna hai / prema unake caraNoM meM aThakheliyAM sakane meM samartha anekAneka hathiyAroM kA prAviSkAra karatA hai / dayA muskarAtI hai, karuNA dravIbhUta ho cukA hai / yuddha tathA hiMsA dvArA zakti prApti hotI hai evaM zraddhA svayaM natamastaka hotI hai| Apake vyaktitva para chAye huye prakhaNDa teja ko dekha kA parIkSaNa asaphala ho cukA hai| saMsAra ke baddhi kara prAMkheM svataH cakAcauMdha ho jAtI haiM / mastaka jIvI sthAyI zAnti kI khoja meM prayatnazIla haiN| bhuka jAtA hai. zraddhA umar3a par3atI hai / A~kha banda aise samaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 'ahiMsA paramo kara prApakA dhyAna karane para asImita mAnanda kI dharmaH" kA siddhAnta hI vizva meM zAnti sthApita kara prApti hotI hai / aisA lagatA hai mAno ahiMsA kA sakatA hai| astra liye huye satya kA tapa karate huye ar3iga bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dUsarA siddhAnta "apari - mauna tapasvI sammohana kI vaMzI kA svara gujArita grahavAda" hamArI samAjavAda kI bhAvanA ko bala karane ke liye samasta saMsAra kI hRdayatantrI kI detA hai| prAvazyakatA se adhika vasta kA pari vINA ke tAra jhaMkArane ke liye sannaddha ekAgracita tyAga hI aparigraha hai| "anekAnta' bhI bhagavAn evaM pratijJAbaddha prAsIna haiN| mahAvIra ke mukhya siddhAntoM meM eka hai / "nArI puruSa samAnatA" ke siddhAnta ke bhI prApa hAmI the| hamArA jayantI manAnA tabhI sArthaka hogA eka bAra bhagavAna mahAvIra bhramaNa karate-karate jaba hama bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ahiMsA ko apane kauzAmbI nagarI meM prAhAra ke liye nikale / candanA antaraMga meM DhAleM, tathA "jIvo aura jIne do" ke usI nagara meM eka seTha ke yahA~ bandI thii| usako sandeza ko yathArtha rUpa pradAna kareM, mahiMsA ke mArga bhAvanA bhagavAn ko mAhAra dene ke liye huI aura para caleM, jisase vizva ko eka nayA rUpa mile evaM usa bhAvanA ke phalasvarUpa usakI ber3iyAM TUTa par3I mahAvIra ke sandezoM ko jana-jana taka phuNcaaveN| paura usane bhagavAna ko prAhAra dekara puNya baMdha tabhI hamArA jIvana sArthaka hogA tathA samAja evaM kiyA / bhagavAn kA samavazaraNa bhI nArI samAnatA rASTra unnata hogaa| 1-24 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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vizAla janasamUha zrI candanamala baMda, vitta maMtrI, rAjasthAna jhaNDArohaNa karate hue mahAvIra jayantI samAroha 1976 janasamUha sAMskRtika samAroha dekhate hue

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bhagavAn mahAvIra nAma nikSepa se hI nahIM bhAva nikSepa se bhI mahAvIra the / nirmANa prApti kA parama puruSArtha unhoMne kiyA thaa| isIlie me vIra hI nahIM mahAvIra the kyoMki aisA puruSArtha vaha hI kara sakatA hai jisameM adbhuta atulya zakti ho / mAnava jIvana kA carama lakSya nirvANa arthAta prAtmA kI paramAnandamayI sthiti ko unhoMne rAga dveSa se rahita ho, vItarAga bana prApta kiyA thaa| binA rAga ke naSTa hue koI bhI mukta nahIM ho sakatA / isIlie jainadharma meM sarAgatA tathA bAhaya meza, prArambara prAdi kI pUjA nahIM hai| pra. sampAdaka bhagavAn mahAvIra, vItarAgatA aura nirvANa DA0 devendrakumAra zAstrI, nImaca yaha saca hai ki mAja se lagabhaga 2600 varSa vaNita kiyA jAtA hai / una meM tathya kI apekSA pUrNa caitra zuklA prayodazI ke dina mahAvIra yA varddha- bhakti kA adhika yoga hotA hai / phira ghaTanAe to mAna kA janma huA thA, kintu isase adhika satya sabake jIvana meM bhinna bhinna hotI haiN| kinhIM ghaTayaha hai ki hama jisa mahAvIra kI upAsanA, parcanA nAmoM ke ghaTane ke kAraNa koI mahAn banatA ho, karate haiM, vaha kSatriyakumAra na hokara vItarAgatA kA to kevala ghaTanAeM hI raha jAyeMgI, vyaktitva niHzeSa prAdarza thaa| isa liye. unake jIvana aura vyakti ho jaaygaa| camatkAra-pradarzana karanA to bahuta tva ko hama kinhIM ghaTanAmoM meM bAMdha kara vAstavika prAsAna hai, yukti mAtra se camatkAra dikhalAyA jA rUpa meM prastuta nahIM kara skte| ghaTanAmoM meM bhI sakatA hai / kintu prAdarza prApta karanA sacamuca kaThina kahA jAyagA, vaha bAhara se samajhA huA sthUla hotA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki hajAroM varSoM ke hogaa| usa bAhya jIvana kI nakala kara hama prasala pazcAt bhI hama mahAvIra ko isalie nahIM mAnate mahAvIra ko nahIM khoja sakate / yahI kAraNa pratIta ki ve camatkArI the, una meM koI alaukika siddhi hotA hai ki jaina purANa-sAhitya meM mahAvIra ke thI, devatA loga pAkara unakI stuti-vandanA karate jIvana se sambandhita sampUrNa ghaTanAeM nahIM miltii| the yA ve svayaM AkAza meM gamana karate the| ye bAteM ghaTanAoM se hama kevala itanA hI jAna pAte haiM to endrajAlika meM bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiN| isIki 'kyA humA', kyoM aura kaise humA--yaha una liye ina camatkAroM, atizaryo, pAzcaryo yA gaibhava rekhAoM ke citraNa se pare kI bAta hai| prataeva pUrNa RddhiyoM ke kAraNa ve mahAn nahIM haiN| unakI mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kI jo bhI ghaTanAeM batAI mahattA ke do hI pramukha lakSaNa haiM-vItarAgatA aura jAtI haiM, ve kevala unake mahattva pradarzana ke lie sjnytaa| vItarAgatA hI unakA parama prAdarza thA, hotI haiM athavA unako hI pratizayokti pUrvaka jise ve upalabdha hokara svayaM vItarAga bane aura mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-25

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isIliye hamAre pUjya haiN| vAstava meM ghaTanAmoM ke prakAzana meM kathya tirohita ho jAtA hai / sUrya jaise mahAn vyaktitva ke satya ko jainadharma meM sarAgatA kI pUjA nahIM hai, bAharI kyA hama kisI ghaTanA se adhika prakAzita kara veza prora ADambara kI pUjA nahIM hai, pUjA hai sacce sakate hai ? jaise sUrya apane Apa meM satya hai, usI nirgrantha digambara guru-deva kI jo vItarAgatA ke prakAza ko batAne ke lie koI rozanI nahIM pheMkanI parama zikhara the, tyAga aura tapasyA ke himAlaya the paDatI haiM. usI prakAra mahAvIra arhanta kevalajJAna aura jinhoMne saba prakAra se akiMcana ho apane divAkara svayaM jJAna-sUrya the, svayaM satya the, usa caitanya bhAskara kA alaukika prakAza prakaTa kara apratima prakAza ko hama prAne tuccha jJAna se kyA jhAna-cetanA kA udyotana kiyA thaa| jo svaya prakAzita kara sakate haiN| samayasAra the aura jinhoMne pAtmajJAna kI pUrNa upalabdhi kara binA kisI apekSA ke saMsAra ko sukha vItarAgatA nitAnta naiyaktika hai| adhyAtma va kalyANa kA mArga batAyA thaa| jisa bImArI ke kI zuddha dRSTi ke binA Atma tattva va vItarAgatA kAraNa saMsAra ke saba loga dukhI hai, use unhoMne samajha meM mAtI nahIM hai| Aja ke bhautika jagata meM samajhA thA, usakA svayaM nidAna kiyA thA aura janma jayantiyAM yA nirvANa tithiyAM manAnA eka apane puruSArtha se mahAmoha nAma kI bImArI ko phaizana-sA ho gayA hai / isa pradarzana mAtra se hamArA miTA kara vItarAgatA ke mahAn vaidya bane the| ve bhalA nahIM ho sakatA hai / sambhava hai ki Apa vyAaAjakala ke DAkTara aura naidya ke samAna nahIM the, jo pArI hoM, aura isameM bhI vyApAra kA koI upAya svayaM bImAra rahate haiM aura paise ke khAtira dUsaroM nikAla kara yaha kaheM ki lAbha kaise nahIM hai ? ThIka kA ilAja karate haiN| vAstava meM svasthatA prApta hai, lAbha lene vAlA cAhiye, hareka kAma se lAbha karAnA hI dharma va ArogyazAstra kA uddezya hai| mila sakatA hai| kintu pradarzana mAtra se prAtmA kA mAtmA svayaM dharmasvarUpa hai / dharma kisI prakriyA meM, koI bhalA nahIM hone vAlA hai| pUjA-pATha meM, pAlocanA-stuti meM, jAti-kula meM, prazaMsA-pradarzana meM na hokara mAtma-svabhAva kI ujjva- bhagavAn mahAvIra ke do hI upadeza mukhya haiM, latA ko vyakta karane meM hai| jinakI vilakSaNatA ko dekhakara hama anya bhAratIya dharma va darzanoM se jainadharma ko bhinna nirUpita kara yadi eka zabda meM kahanA ho to isameM koI sakate haiM / ye vizeSatAe haiM -svatantratA aura vItasandeha nahIM ki mahAvIra vyakti the / hama aura pApa rAgatA / jainadharma kI svatantratA adbhuta hai| nAma ke hI vyakti haiM, kintu mahAvIra sacamuca vyakti praNu mAtra se lekara per3a-paudhe, kIr3e-makor3e, khAnathe, pUrNa vyakti the / zakti rUpa se to hama aura prApa caTTAneM-parvata Adi pratyeka vastu kI svataMtratA kA sabhI mahAvIra haiM / kyoMki sabhI prANiyoM kI prAtmA divya gAna jaina Agama-graMthoM meM bharA par3A hai / svameM ananta zaktiyAM haiM, ananta guNa haiM, ananta sukha hai, taMtratA bhI aisI ki aNu mAtra bhI koI padArtha kintu ve sabhI supta haiM / mahAvIra ne unako apane kisI anya padArtha ko pariNamA nahIM sakatA hai| jJAna-puruSArtha se vyakta kara liyA thaa| pUrNa rUpa sabhI vastu proM kA pariNamana svAdhIna hai| koI se prakaTa kara usa parama jyoti ko prakAzita kara kisI ke prAdhIna nahIM haiM yaha aisA krAMtimUlaka diyA thaa| isaliye unakA vyaktitva pUrNa kahA jA vicAra hai ki koI satyArthadraSTA hI ise nirUpita sakatA hai, vaha kinhIM ghaTanAmoM kI vastu nahIM hai| kara sakatA hai| ananta varSoM kI kAla-kasauTI para 1-26 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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yaha acchI taraha se kasA jA cukA hai, parakhA jA cukA hai| aura Aja bhI vijJAna jagat ke lie yaha cunautI hai / isa vicAra - darzana ko bhalIbhAMti samajha lene para loka - racanA, vizva kA nirmANa zrIra vastu ke svarUpa ko samajhAne meM bar3I saralatA ho jAtI hai aura andhavizvAsa tathA rUr3hivAditA ke sthAna para tarkapUrNa eka vaijJAnika vijJAna sAmane grA jAtA hai / isaliye yaha kahane meM koI saMkoca nahIM hotA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA adhyAtma vijJAnoM kA bhI vijJAna thA / tIrthaMkaroM kA yaha upadeza sacamuca vizuddha satya hai | jaba taka hameM pUjate rahoge, taba taka hama jaise nahIM bana sakate / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhI yahI dezanA dI thI ki sacce devoM kI pUjA karane se svarga mila sakatA hai, kintu sAkSAt nirvANa kI prApti to zrAtmA kI anubhUti se hogii| jahAM jJAnAnanda kI anubhUti hai, vahAM saMsAra ke saba prakAra ke sukha samaya mAtra meM niHsAra pratIta hone lagate haiM / zrAtmA kA anubhava saca meM vilakSaNa hai / zrAtmAnubhUti ke dvArA hI vItarAgatA kI prApti hotI hai, zuddhopayoga kI dazA banatI hai zrora caitanya zrAtmA apanI jJAnacetanA meM nizcala ho jAtI hai / yaha anubhUti para ke prAzraya se prApta nahIM ho sakatI, svAzrayI pravRtti se hI upalabdha hotI hai / isaliye zradhyAtma mArga meM svAdhInatA ko pravAzyaka hI nahIM, anivArya mAnA jAtA hai / prAcAryadeva samajhAte hue kahate haiM isa zrAtmA meM rAga-dveSa rUpa doSoM kI jo utpatti hotI hai, usameM anya kisI kA koI doSa nahIM hai / yaha aparAdha to svayaM isa jIva ke prajJAna kA hai, zrAtmA svayaM aparAdhI hai / kintu yaha jJAna hote hI ki maiM to jJAna haiM, prajJAna asta ho jAtA hai / jo ajJAnI jIva rAga kI utpatti meM para dravya ko hI kAraNa mAnate haiM, apanA kAraNapanA svIkAra nahIM karate, unakI buddhi zuddha jJAna se rahita mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 andha hai aura ve moha-nadI ko pAra nahIM kara sakate / isa prakAra vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi meM zuddhajJAna bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai / kintu yaha zuddha jJAna zuddhadRSTi se mila sakatA hai| zuddha dRSTi ko hI zAstra kI bhASA meM nizcaya naya kahA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke isa tatva-upadeza meM hI unakI vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA kI jhalaka mila jAtI hai / kyoMki unhoMne saba ejensiyoM ko nakAra kara eka mAnava ko hI nahIM, prANI mAtra ko apane zrApa kI ejensI batAyA aura kahA ki "jo zrappA so paramappA" jo zrAtmA hai, vahI paramAtmA hai / vastu se donoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA darzana koI ulajhana meM DAlane vAlI zAbdika lakIra yA prazna nahIM hai / yaha to sahaja anubhava kA svArasya hai jo akhaNDa cidAnanda caitanya tatva kA darzana karAtA hai aura jisake upalabdha ho jAne para anya koI upalabdhi avaziSTa nahIM rahatI / yadyapi vastu ko kharIdate samaya mana meM aneka vikalpa uThate haiM, kintu kharIda kara upayoga karate samaya koI vikalpa nahIM raha jaataa| isI prakAra tatva ke anveSaNa ke samaya meM anekAneka vikalpa utpanna hote haiM, kintu tattra- nirNayapUrvaka prAtmA meM tanmaya ho jAne para koI vikalpa nahIM raha jAtA, isaliye pratmAnubhava-kAla meM vaha anubhava parokSa na hokara pratyakSa hI hotA hai / isa prakAra nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM dRSTiyoM ko lekara pranekAnta siddhAnta ko prastuta kiyA aura batAyA ki jainadharma zranekAntamayI hai / vastu meM aneka dharma hote haiM una dharmoM kA udyotana karane vAlA zranekAnta siddhAMta hai | kintu yaha siddhAMta vastu ke satya ko prakaTa karane vAlA hai, jo vastu nahIM hai, use zranekAnta siddhAMta se variMgata nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / saMkSepa meM aneka yuktiyoM, tarka aura pramANa ke prAdhAra para jainadharma kA jo vivecana 1-27

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kiyA gayA hai, sacamuca adbhuta hai, Azcarya hai / aisA vibhAva paryAyoM kA bodha hue binA hamArI raSTi bAharI kathana kevala sarvajJa hI kara sakate haiM, yaha vizvAsa dharAtala para hI aTakI rahatI hai| kintu paryAya kI apane Apa hI paidA ho jAtA hai aura yahI isa dharma nirmalatA ko jAnakara dravya kI zuddha dazA se ekatva kI saba se bar3I mahattA hai| karane ke lie use tyAga denA par3atA hai / kyoMki jinakI dRSTi vyavahAra meM hI mohita ho rahI hai, svAdhInatA kA upAya ve puruSa saca meM paramArtha ko nahIM jAnate haiM / jo dhAna ke chilakoM para hI mohita ho jAte haiM. ve jainadarzana va adhyAtma kA uddezya hai-sarvatantra-sva. bAstavika cAvaloM ko nahIM jAna pAte haiN| kintu tantra svAdhIna honA / svAdhInatA kahIM se lAne kI jo puruSa kisI bhI prakAra se moha ke dUra hone para AvazyakatA nahIM hai| svatantratA kahIM bAhara se nahIM zuddha caitanya mAtra jJAna-cetanA kA mAzraya le kara mila sakatI hai| para padArthoM ke saMyoga se milane sAdhakapane ko prApta hote haiM, ve nirvANa ko prApta vAlI svatantratA prasthAyI hotI hai| kyoMki usa kara siddha ho jAte haiM / parantu jo mohI, ajJAnI, svatantratA kA sambandha para-padArthoM ke Tikane taka viparIta zraddhAnI mithyAdRSTi haiM, ve isa bhamikA ko rahatA hai aura para-padArthoM kA saMyoga sambandha kabhI prApta na kara saMsAra meM hI paribhramaNa karate rahate zAzvata nahIM hotaa| isaliye una se milane vAlI svatantratA bhI nitya nahIM hotI hai / hAM AdhyAtmika svatantratA hI vAstavika hai / isa prakAra kI nizcaya hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jJAnanaya ke sampUrNa svAdhInatA nirvANa kI sthiti meM upalabdha dvArA paramatatva ko pahacAna kara svasaMvedanamayI parama hotI hai / nirvANa kisI sthAna yA bhAva vizeSa kA sthiti ko prApta kiyA thA, jise yogI jana "nirvinAma nahIM hai| yaha to vastu kI vaha svAbhAvika kalpa samAdhi" kahate haiM, jo paramAnandamayI sthiti sthiti hai, jisakI zuddhatA va svatantratA ke kAraNa hai, jise eka bAra upalabdha ho jAne para phira se usakA apanA astitva hai aura anya vastuoM se use sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kI bAdhA nahIM par3atI hai, apane pRthaka kara dekhA jA sakatA hai / isa svAdhInatA ko hI prakSaya, avinAzI, parama sukha meM sadA prAtmA lIna pAne ke lie vastu svabhAva taka pahuMcanA hotA hai| rahatI hai aura usa paramAnanda kA hI satata bhoga vastu-svabhAva taka pahuMcane ke lie vastu kI dravya- karatI rahatI hai| yahI nirvANa kI sthiti kahI dRSTi apanAnI hotI hai| dravya kI zuddha dRSTi ke jAtI hai, jisameM prAtmA saba prakAra ke karma-maloM binA dravya ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai / hAlAMki se mukta ho ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta sukha dravya ko samajhanA jitanA prAvazyaka hai, usase kahIM aura ananta zakti ke prakaTa ho jAne para sacce sukha adhika Avazyaka paryAya ko samajhanA hai / svabhAva- ko upalabdha ho jAtI hai / muktaka tetA prArambha ThAnie, jetA tana meM jora / tetA pAMva pasAriye, jetI lAMbI sora // 1-28 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71

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jainadharmAnusAra koI bhI mAnava tadanurUpa prAcAra dvArA karma bandhana se mukta ho siddha bana sakatA hai| vaha AtmA kI sarvocca zuddha avasthA hai / kintu pratyeka mokSagAmI tIrthaGkara nahIM ho sakatA 148 karmaprakRtiyoM meM tIrthaGkara prakRti kA baMdha karmabhUmi ke manuSya ke kevalI yA zrutakevalI ke pAbamUla meM hotA hai / saMsAra ke uddhAra tathA du.khI jIvoM ko sanmArga batA kara unake kalyANa karane kI uskaTa bhAvanA hI atizaya puNyazAlI tIrthaGkara prakRti ke baMdha kA kAraNa hai| sevaka hI svAmI bana sakatA hai| darzana vizuddha Adi solaha bhAvanAoM ke cintavana karane tathA apAyavicaya nAmaka dharmadhyAna hone para mahAn puNyazAlI tIrthaGkara prakRti kA mAnava hokara baMdha hotA hai / prataH apanA kalyANa cAhane vAle meM para kalyANa kI tIva bhAvanA honA Avazyaka hai| pra0 sampAvaka jaina dharma aura karma siddhAMta : tIrthaMkara kI prakRti kA mahatva * paramapUjya prAyikAratnazrI jJAnamatI mAtAjI zarIrI pratyekaM bhavati bhuvi vedhAH svkRtitH| upArjita karatA hai taba yaha samyaktva rUpI vidhi ko vidhatte nAnAbhUpavanajalabanhidra matanum / bhedAbheda rUpa ratnatraya ko prApta karake svayaM hI svayaM meM sthita ho jAtA hai tabhI kRtakRtyapUrNa svastha traso bhUtvA bhUtvA kathamapi vidhAyAtra kuzalam / hotA huA zivamaya ho jAtA hai / svayaM svasminnAste bhavati kRtakRtya: zivamayaH / / jaina siddhAMta ke anusAra vizva ke netA parama. isa saMsAra meM pratyeka zarIradhArI prANI svayaM tIrthaMkara banane ke upAyoM ko samajhane vAlA aura hI brahmA hai kyoMki pratyeka jIva apane-apane zubha- tadanurUpa pravRtti karane vAlA koI bhI vyakti apane azubha kAryoM ke dvArA svayaM apanI-apanI sRSTi kA pApa ko usa mahAn pada kA adhikArI banA sakatA nirmANa karatA rahatA hai| kabhI yaha jIva aneka hai| jo bhavyajIva saccI karuNAmayI bhAvanA se prakAra kI pRthvI ke zarIra-mANikya, hIrA, marakata jagata ke uddhAra kI ciMtA karate haiM sacamuca meM ve hI vaiDUrya prAdi ratnarUpa ko dhAraNa kara letA hai. kabhI mahApuruSa pranaMta prANiyoM ke udAra meM samartha aise yaha jIva pavana ke zarIra ko, kabhI jala ke zarIra tIkara bana jAte haiN| ko, kabhI agni ke zarIra ko aura kabhI nAnA zreyomArgAnabhijJAniha bhavagahane jAjvaladuHkhadAvaprakAra ke phala puSpa, latA, vRkSAdi rUpa vanaspati / ke zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai| yahI jIva skaMdhe caMkramyamANAnati cakitamimAnuddhareyaM varAkAn / kabhI trasa hokara dvIndriya, trIMdriya caturiMdriya athavA ityArohatparAnugraharasavilasadbhAvanopAttapuNyapaMceMdriya paryAya ko dhAraNa karatA hai| kadAcit prakrAMtareva vAkyaH zivapathamUcitAna zAsti yo'hana bar3I muzkila ye kabhI yaha kuzala-puNya karma ko sa no'vyAt // mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-29

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jahAM para duHkha rUpI dAvAnala agni atizaya guNoM sahita vizuddha samyagdarzana ko dhAraNa karanA rUpa prajjvalita ho rahI hai-dhadhaka rahI hai aise isa hI darzana vizuddhi bhAvanA hai / saMsArarUpI gahana vana meM becAre saMsArI prANI jo 2. vinayasampannatA-jJAna, darzana cAritra aura ki mokSamArga se anabhijJa haiM ve atizaya rUpa se tapa tathA inake dhArakoM meM satat vinaya karanA ghabarAye huye hai aura isa du kharUpI pagni meM jhulasa vinaya sampannatA bhAvanA hai| rahe haiM, maiM 'ina becAroM kA uddhAra karU" isa prakAra 3. zIlavateSvanaticAra-pAMca mahAvrata yA se para ke Upara anugraha karane kI utkaTa bhAvanA se utpanna hunA jo puNya hai usa puNya ke mahAtmya aNuvratoM meM tathA inake rakSaka guNavata prAdi zIloM se hI kAlAMtara meM apane vacanoM ke dvArA jo bhavya meM atIcAra nahIM lgtaa| jIvoM ko mokSamArga kA upadeza dete haiM ve prahaMta 4. prabhIkSNajJAnopayoga-hamezA jineMdra bhagavAna. bhagavAn hamArI rakSA kreN| ke vacana rUpa parama rasAyana kA pAna karate rahanA / yahAM tIrthaMkara prakRti ke liye kAraNabhUta 5. saMvega saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM ko apAyavicaya dhaya'dhyAna kA bar3A hI sundara vivecana duHkhadAyI jAnakara inase virakta honA / kiyA hai / vAstava meM jinake hRdaya meM saccI karuNA 6. zaktitastyAga- apakI zakti ke anusAra umar3atI hai ve hI bhavya jIvoM ke apAya arthAt kaSTa AhAra, auSadhi abhaya aura jJAna kA dAna denA / ko dUra karane kI bhAvanA kara sakate haiM anya nhiiN| 7. zaktitastapa - zakti ke anusAra bAraha vizva meM aise bhI prANI haiM jo satat paropakAra hI , prakAra ke tapoM kA anuSThAna karanA / karanA cAhate haiM kiMtu satyamArga kI yA apane hita kI jinheM kucha jAnakArI hI nahIM haiN| aise loga 8. sAdhu samAdhi--roga yA zrama prAdi ke isa apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI nahIM ho nimitta se asamAdhi ko prApta huye sAdhunoM ke sakate haiN| anukUla pravRtti, sevA upadeza prAdi ke dvArA unake cAritra kI rakSA krnaa| dharma ke sacce netA banane ke liye solaha 9. vaiyAvRtyakaraNa-prAcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, kAraNa bhAvanAyeM batalAI gaI haiN| unake nAma aura rugNa Adi sAdhuoM kI prAsuka auSadhi prAdi se lakSaNa saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM sevA zuzrUSA krnaa| 1. darzanavizuddhi-zaMkA, kAMkSA vicikitsA, 10. arhata bhakti--chayAlIsa guNa viziSTa mUr3haSTitva, anupagRhana, prasthitIkaraNa. avAtsalya, ahaMta deva kI stuti, vaMdanA Adi ke dvArA bhakti aprabhAvanA ye pAThadoSa, jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, krnaa| aizvarya, rUpa, bala aura tapazcaryA ina pAThoM ke 11. prAcArya bhakti--saMgha ke adhipati prAzraya se ATha prakAra kA mada, kudeva, kRzAstra digambara prAcAryoM kI bhakti krnaa| paura kuguru tathA inake sevaka aise chaha anaaytn| aura devamUr3hatA gurumUr3hatA tathA lokamUr3hatA ye tIna 12. bahuzrutabhakti--bahuzra tavaMta muniyoM kI mUr3hatAyeM aise 8 + 8+6+3=25 doSa samyaktva bhakti karanA / ke mAne gaye haiN| ina maladoSoM se rahita nizaMkita 13. pravacana bhakti--jinavANI kI bhakti, prAdi mATha aMgasahita mora prazama, saMvega Adi pATha pUjA prAdi karanA / 1-30 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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14. zrAvazyaka aparihAriNa - sAmayika, stuti, baMdanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura kAyotsarga ina chaha Avazyaka kriyAoM ko yathAsamaya aura yathAvidhi karanA / 15. mArga prabhAvanA - jJAna, pUjA, tapa prAdi ke mahAtmya se sadaiva jaina zAsana kI prabhAvanA karate rahanA / 16. pravacanavatsalatva -- jineMdra deva ke pravacana ke prAdhArabhUta catuvidha saMgha meM govatsa ke samAna prakRtrima sneha rakhanA / ina bhAvanAoM meM prathama darzana vizuddhi bhAvanA pradhAna hai usake binA anya bhAvanAyeM tIrthaMkara prakRti ke liye kAraNa nahIM ho sakatI haiM aura usa eka bhAvanA ke hone para pranya bhAvanAyeM svayaM hI prA jAtI haiN| prathavA darzana vizuddhi sahita katipaya bhAvanAyeM bhI tIrthaMkara prakRti ke baMdha karAne meM samartha haiM / tIrthaMkara prakRti aisI pratizayazAlI prakRti hai jisake sattA meM hI rahane para tInoM lokoM meM kSobha karane vAlA mahAn camatkAra prakaTa hone lagatA hai| garbha meM Ane ke chaha mahIne pahale se hI mAtA ke prAMgana meM ratnoM kI varSA, devoM dvArA garbha mahotsava aura janma mahotsava tathA dIkSA mahotsava kA kiyA jAnA prAdi kArya hote haiM / tIrthaMkara prakRti kA udaya to terahaveM guraNAsthAna meM mahaMta zravasthA hone para hotA hai / punaH hI tIrthaMkara prakRti ke udaya Ane para ve bhagavAn prapanI divyadhvani ke dvArA sAta sau aThAraha bhASAoM meM prathavA saMkhyAtoM bhASAtroM meM bhavyajIvoM ko hita kA upadeza dete mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17 haiM / ye bhagavAn hI mokSamArga ke sacce netA kahalAte haiM / ye akhila tatva ke jJAtA hote haiM prora karmarUpI parvata ko cUrNa karane vAle hote hue bhI parama vItarAgI hote haiM / isIliye ye tIna vizeSaraNoM ke dvArA namaskAra kiye jAte haiM - mokSamArgasya netAraM bhettAraM karmabhUbhRtAm / jJAtAraM vizvatattvAnAM vaMde tadguNalabdhaye || jo mokSamArga ke netA haiM, karmarUpI parvata ke bhedana karane vAle haiM bhora vizvatattva ke jJAtA hai maiM unake guNoM kI prApti ke liye unakI vaMdanA karatA hUM / chatrapura ke mahArAjA naMda eka samaya proSThila munirAja kI vaMdanA ke liye gaye / unake dharmopadeza zravaNa kara jainezvarI dIkSA grahaNa karalI punaH ghorAghora tapazcaraNa karate huye ina solaha kAraNa bhAvanAoM ko bhAke tIrthaMkara prakRti kA baMdha kara liyaa| ye gyAraha aMga jJAna ke dhAraka the aMta meM prAyopagamana saMnyAsa se maraNa karake solahaveM acyutasvarga meM devoM se pUjita pracyutendra ho gye| vahAM kI bAIsasAgara pramANa prAyu ko pUrNa kara isa bharata kSetra ke videha nAmaka deza ke aMtargata kuDapura grAma ke adhipati mahArAjA siddhArtha kI mahArAnI priyakAriNI ke garbha se tIrthaMkara ke avatAra meM avatarita huye zrIra antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kahalAye / isa prakAra se isa karma siddhAMta para vizvAsa karane vAlA koI bhI vyakti prapane ko uttama se bhI uttama aise sarvottama tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM banA sakatA hai / mmmm 1-31

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yugoM yugoM taka amara rahegA mahAvIra saMdeza tumhArA * paM0 anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha, jayapura tumane jaga kI asthiratA ko dekhA, usa para dhyAna diyaa| jhA~ka jhAMka apane antara meM usakA gaharA manana kiyA hai / phira vANI meM huI prasphuTita vaha ciMtana kI anupama dhaaraa|| kauna kisI kA karane vAlA harane vAlA kabhI banA hai kartA hartA svayaM pApa hI svAmI svayaM Apa apanA hai / / pUrNa svatantratA, parAzrita hokara kyoM phiratA hai mArA maaraa| mAtA pitA aura jana parijana bAMdhava mitra sutA suta nArI inake liye pApa kyA karatA nahIM kisI ke sagai anArI karmoM kA phala tumheM akele are ! bhoganA hogA sArA / / hiMsAdika pApoM se bacakara satya ahiMsA ko apanAyo syAdvAda aura anekAMta kA kitanA bar3A mahatva, smjhaao| sarvadharma samabhAva samanvaya, sIkho yaha unnati kA naaraa|| prAgraha aura parigraha donoM jIvana ko ati dukhI banAte ghRNA IrSA dveSa kaluSatA mAnavatA kA patana karAte inase baco bacAo sabako, isa hI meM hI utthAna tumhArA yugoM yugoM taka amara rahegA mahAvIra saMdeza tumhArA / 1-32 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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mahAvIra jayantI samAroha 1976 (mahilA sammelana) mukhya atithi zrImatI kamalA rAjya mantrI, jana-samparka rAjasthAna, sabhA ke adhyakSa zrI rAjakumAra kAlA ke sAtha samAroha sthala kI ora jAte hue rANI lakSmIkumArI cUr3Avata sammelana ko sambodhita karate hue

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jo svayaM isa saMsAra sAgara ke du.khoM se chuTakArA pA paramAnanda avasthA ko prApta kara cuke haiM jo anyoM ko bhI usa mArga kA pathika banAne meM samartha haiM arthAt jo svaya tara gae haiM aura dUsaroM ko tArane meM sakSama haiM ve tIrtha kara kahalAte haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra isa zRMkhalA meM antima the ata: prAja kA samaya unakA tIrthakAla kahalAtA hai| anaginata mAnava unake upadeza ko jIvana meM utAra saphala hue haiM aura Aja bhI mAnava una upadezoM para prAcaraNa kara apanA jIvana saphala kA sakatA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI kara skegaa| kAlika satya dharma kI yahI vizeSatA hai jo jainadharma meM hai| pra0 sampAdaka mAnava jIvana aura bhagavAna mahAvIra * mahaMta parvatapurI gosvAmI, ujjaina mAnava jIvana meM tIrtha ke artha kA atyanta hI ko saMcarita kara agrasara karatA hai, use tIrthakara mahatva mAnA gayA hai| pranAdi kAla se hI bhArata mAnA jAtA hai / kI dhArmika pravRti evam prAsthA kA samAveza bhAratIya saMskRti meM pravalokita hai| mahAvIra svAmI ne bhI apane sampUrNa rAja-pATa tIrtha ke artha kA agara vizleSaNa kara eka satya ke bhavya vipula prAnanda, aizvarya, sampadA ko dhUlikaraNa samajhakara tathA saMsAra ko eka musAphirakhojeM to mUlataH yahI spaSTa hotA hai ki mAnava khAnA, kSaNabhaMgura smjhaa| unake citta meM viSayaapanA uddhAra isa kSaNabhaMgura saMsAra se, jo ki eka vAsanA kA rasa sUkha gayA thaa| zanaiH zanaiH jJAna pAnI ke bulabule ke samAna hai, eka dvandva hai, saMgharSa aura vairAgya zakti kA udaya hone lagA thaa| unake aura tanAva hai, se pAra utara kara apane mokSa ke lie saMsAra meM kevala saMyama aura tapa hI sAravAna lie Izvara kI bhakti kI ora mur3atA hai aura isa raha gaye the| dhana, kana, kaMcana, rAja-sakha aura yahAM bhakti ke lie vaha apane jIbana meM samyakjJAna, taka ki apsarAmoM ko bhI lajjita karane vAlI samyakdarzana, samyakcaritra, satya, ahiMsA, brahmacarya aniMdya sundara kumAriyAM bhI unase pANi-grahaNa Adi ko utArane kA prayAsa kara bhakti kI sArtha karane ko lAlAyita thIM, para mahAvIra svAmI apane katA prApta karatA hai| vrata meM sthira citta the| ___ jo manuSya uparokta tathyoM ko apane jIvana meM pUrNata: utAra kara tIrtha sArthakatA kI pravRti ko mahAvIra svAmI ne vairAgya dhAraNa kara paramArtha mAnava kalyANa hetu mAnava jIvana meM usa pravRti jIvana kI sthApanA kI aura tAtkAlIna rAjA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-33

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yathA-- mahArAjA jo manamAnA atyAcAra, anyAya, hisA paramo dharmaH" ko zreSTha mAnA hai aura jaina dharma meM pora baliyAM Adi kiyA karate the unake asAmA- ahiMsA kI atyanta hI bArIkI se vyAkhyA kI jika AcaraNa meM parivartana lAkara unakI prajA ke gaI haikalyANa ke lie prerita kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne samasta prANiyoM ko apane upadeza diye aura una upadezoM para kattavyaparAyaNatA ke sAtha "maradu va jiyadu va jIvo prayadAcArassa calane va pAlana karane ko utprerita kiyaa| bhagavAna gicchidA hiMsA"-pravacana, 3.18 mahAvIra svAmI manISI hokara bhI tIrtha kara bana kisI jIva kA maranA yA jInA hiMsA, ahiMsA gye| unhoMne apane sampUrNa jIvana meM acchA khAnA, nahIM hai, kintu prayatnAcAra kA nAma hiMsA aura acchA pahananA, acchA nivAsa sabhI kucha hamezA. yatnAcAra kA nAma ahiMsA hai| hamezA ke lie tyAga diyA aura rAja ke moha ko "rAgAdINa maNuppA ahiMsakattatti desiyaM chor3akara sArI dhana daulata kA tiraskAra kara diyaa| sme| unhoMne sukha nAma kI cIja ko bhulA diyA taba kahIM tesi ca uppatti hiseti jiNehi siddiThThA 1421 prAja vizva ke samakSa ve tIrtha kara ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ___-jayadhavalA TIkA hue| tIrtha kara bananA koI sarala kAma nahIM hai| rAga-dveSa prAdi kA utpanna nahIM honA ahiMsA mahAvIra svAmI apane rAja bhavana ke saMkula aura * alakSya rAste se nikala kara dharatI kI pagaDaMDiyoM kii| kahA gayA hai| rAgAdika kI utpatti honA hiMsA hai, __aisA jinadeva ne nirdeza kiyA hai| prora bar3he aura dharatI kI pagaDaMDI para janasAdhAraNa ke pAdosiya adhikaraNiya kAyiya paridAvaNAbIca mAnava-mAtra ke jIvana ko mokSa gati prApti ke lie manuSyoM ke hRdaya meM prema jala bindu girAI, divaadaae| snehasikta vANI kA rasa brsaayaa| mahAvIra edeM paMcapogA kiriyAnoM hoMti hiMsAyo / svAmI paramArtha sAdhana ke lie prAkula nahIM the, ve -bhagavatI pArAdhanA, 807 prANI aura unake mokSa; kalyANa ke lie tar3aphar3A dveSa karanA hiMsA ke upakaraNoM ko grahaNa rahe the unake hRdaya meM eka TIsa thI, vedanA thI, karanA, duSTa bhAva se zarIra kI kriyA karanA, duHkha , utpIr3ana thA aura ina sabakA hala khoja nikAlane dene ke lie kriyA karanA, prANoM (pAyu, indriya, ke lie unhoMne apanA ekAnta jIvana apanAyA, bala, zvAsa) kA ghAta karanA, ina pAMca prakAra ke kaThina tapasyA kI / kaI dinoM taka kaThina tapasyA prayogoM ko hiMsA kI kriyA kahate haiM / karane ke pazcAta bhI unake divya lalATa, vizAla , netra, mukha kI kAMti aura prAbhA maNDala meM malInatA hiMsA mAnava jIvana ke kalyANa meM eka samasyA .. dRSTigocara nahIM huI / unake zarIra ke avayavoM meM hai| jaba taka zAMti prApta nahIM hotI taba taka thakAna kA prAbhAsa taka nahIM huaa| unake dainika kalyANa honA asambhava hai aura zAMti taba taka hI jIvana meM kisI prakAra kA vyavadhAna bhI upasthita milatI hai jaba taka ki hiMsA rUpI dvandva prAtmA nahIM maa| uparokta vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa unakI sana nikala jaay| dhyAna aura samatva yoga kI sAdhanA nirantara nirmala mahAvIra svAmI ne samasta prANiyoM ko abhaya aura pavitra hotI calI gii| varadAna diyA va kahA ki pRthvI ke samasta prANiyoM mahAvIra svAmI ne apane upadezoM meM "ahiMsA ko apanA jIvana yApana karane kA adhikAra hai, 1-34 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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TTE - sa usa jAgA kAmA manabhava.hAtAha.ja kiMtu ve sahI prAcaraNa, samyagdarzana aura ahiMsA kA maiM Apa logoM se vizvAsapUrvaka kahatA hai ki pAlana karate hue jIvana vyatIta kre| mahAvIra svAmI kA nAma isa samaya yadi kisI siddhAnta ke liye pUjA jAtA hai to vaha ahiMsA hI ahiMsA ke antargata mahAvIra svAmI ne spaSTa hai| pratyeka dharma ko uccatA isI bAta meM hai ki usa kiyA hai ki agara koI vyakti kisI prANI ko bhI dharma meM ahiMsA tatva kI pradhAnatA ho / ahiMsA tatva satAtA hai to vaha hiMsA kA kArya karatA hai, kyoMki ko yadi kisI ne adhika vikasita kiyA hai, to ve jisa prakAra hamAre jIva ko ghAtaka prahAra se yA mahAvIra svAmI the| kisI coTa se to duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai vahI dukha usa prANI ko bhI pra --mahAtmAgAMdhI (tIrthakara mahAvIra) prakAra hameM hotA hai| ahiMsA jaina dharma kA mukhya siddhAnta hai| bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra ke amara sandeza ko pracArita yathA-- karane kI aAvazyakatA hai-vizeSa rUpa se aise samaya "savvesi jIviyaM priyaM" meM jaba samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hiMsA se kiyA --pAcArAMga sUtra, 2,2,3 jAtA ho| sabhI ko apanA jIvana priya lagatA hai| "prAya tule prayAsu" -ke0ke0 zAha, rAjyapAla tamilanADU -sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1,11,3 (tIrthaGkara mahAvIra) sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna smjhoN| bhagavAna mahAvIra mahAvijetA the| unhoMne "tathimaM paDhamaM ThANaM, mahAvIreNa desiyaM // sikhAyA ki apane se lar3o, dUsaroM se nahIM, apane ahiMsA niuNaM diThThA, savvabhUesu sNjmo|| antas ko TaToloM, dUsaroM kA nahIM. aAtmavijaya dazavai kAlika sUtra 6,8 prApta karo, dveSa se nahIM dostI se, hiMsA se nahIM, tIrthakara mahAvIra ne sabhI dharmasthAnoM meM prathama ahiMsA se, dUsare bhI utane hI satya hai, jitanA ki ahiMsA kA upadeza diyaa| saba jIvoM para saMyama apanA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hameM yaha sikhAyA hai. rakhanA ahiMsA hai| aura bhAratIya sabhyatA kI hamezA se yahI sabase bar3I upaniSadkAlIna logoM kI yaha mAnyatA thI dena rahI hai--sahanA yAni sahiSNutA / / ki dharma kA vAstavika sUkSma tatva, yajJavAda athavA - zrImatI indirA gAMdhI pazu hiMsA se prApta nahIM ho sktaa| sampUrNa sRSTi (tIrthaGkara mahAvIra) brahma se vyApta hai aura "jar3a" tathA "cetana" sabhI isa prakAra tIrthaGkara bananA mAmUlI bAta nahIM ke bhItara eka hI sattA nivAsa karatI hai / isa haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane jIvana meM ahiMsA dhAraNA ke pracAra prasAra se sAmAnya logoM meM ko utArA thA isalie jagat ke loga unase pratyanta hiMsA kI bhAvanA kama hone lagI aura ve yaha prabhAvita hae-aura unake upadezoM ke prabhAva se svIkAra karane lage ki manuSya kI bhAMti hI unake prAhvAna para ekatrita hue| pazu-pakSI praura per3a-paudhe bhI hiMsA nahIM "ahiMsA" yadi mAnava apanA mokSa va kalyANa cAhatA prema aura prAdara ke adhikArI hai / hai aura isa loka va paraloka meM sukha se jIvana ahiMsA ke sambandha meM kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA yApana karanA hai to prANI mAtra ko apane samAna isa prakAra hai :-- samajheM, apane svArthalolupatA meM kisI anya prANI ke mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-35

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lie ghAtaka bananA eka pApa va adharma mAnA acchA hogaa| isa prakAra janma-janmAtara taka gayA hai| sAdhanA karate-karate usako mokSa prApta ho jaaygaa| manuSya kA sarvocca lakSya mokSa prApta karanA isa sambandha meM yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai :-- hai kyoMki mokSa milane para hI manuSya janma aura jai majjha kAraraNA ee, hammaMti subahU jiyA / mRtyu ke bandhana se mukta ho sakatA hai| manuSya kA na me eyaM tu nissesaM paraloge bhavissaI // prayatna yaha honA cAhiye ki use punaH janma dhAraNa --uttarAdhyayana sUtra 22, 19 nahIM karanA par3e kyoMki bAra-bAra janma dhAraNa karane se manuSya anekAneka kaSToM kA bhAgI hotA hai / yadi mere kAraNa se jIvoM kA ghAta hotA hai, to yaha isa loka aura paraloka ke lie kivita upaniSadoM ke anusAra mokSa kA siddhAMta zreyaskara nahIM hai| nirUpita karane meM bAra-bAra jIvana ke duHkhamaya hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai, isaliye tAtkAlIna samAja na hu pANavahaM aNujANe, meM eka prakAra ke nirAzAvAda kI bhAvanA kA prasAra muccejja kayAI savvadukkhANaM / hone lagA aura loga jIvana meM usa utsAha ko --uttarAdhyayana sUtra 8, 8 khone lage jo vedakAlIna logoM kI pramukha vizeSatA thii| upaniSadoM ne sanyAsa aura vairAgya kI bhAvanA prANiyoM ke vadha kA anumodana karane vAlA ko prerita kiyaa| ataeva pahale jahAM loga manuSya kabhI bhI saba taraha ke du.khoM se nahIM chUTa sAMsArika sukhoM ke yo ke liye DaTa kara parizrama sakatA / karane meM prAnanda manAte the kahAM praba gRhasthAzrama ko jaina dharma kI pramukha vizeSatA ahiMsA hI mAnI chor3a kara asamaya hI vairAgya aura sanyAsa dhAraNa gaI hai| yahI ahiMsA vizva meM zAMti sthApita karatI karane lge| hai| yahI ahiMsA vizva meM maitrika sambandha parigraha se mAnava jIvana kA nirvAha gatizIla sthApita karatI hai| jIva mAtra ke prati satata rahatA hai, isake prabhAva meM mAnava jIvana kI sahayoga kI preraNA detI hai| isI ke prAdhAra para jIva apane acche bure karmoM ke anusAra hI sukha va dainikopayogI vastueM juTAnA eka samasyA bana jAtI hai| parigraha pratyeka manuSya ke liye atyanta duHkha ko bhogatA rahatA hai / ahiMsA ke AdhAra para prAvazyaka hai cAhe va garIba ho yA amIra, kintu mAnava svAvalambI banatA hai / svataMtratA kA anubhava AvazyakatA se adhika parigraha eka hI sthAna para karatA hai, aura use ahiMsA ke mAdhyama se hI sthira raha jAtA hai to usase eka aura hiMsA kA prAtmika zAMti prApta hotI hai| janma dhIre-dhIre hone lagatA hai, aura vahIM dUsarI ora upaniSadoM ke anusAra bhI karma-phalavAda sAmAnya jana-sAdhAraNa ke liye eka samasyA siddhAMta yahI hai / manuSya jisa prakAra kA karma karatA utpanna ho jAtI hai| hai use usake anusAra pariNAma bhugatanA hI isa sambandha meM yahAM yaha ullikhita hai-- par3ate haiM / ata: manuSya se yaha apekSA kI gaI haiM ki "apariggaho arigacche'-samayasAra, 212 vaha apane karmoM ko sudhAre tAki usakA agalA icchA rahita honA aparigraha hai| janma acchA ho / jaba dUsare janma meM vaha acche karma "appAraNamaNo pariggaheM"-samayasAra, 207 karegA to usakA agalA tIsarA janma bhora bhI vAstava meM prAtmA hI apanA parigraha hai| 1-36 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 www.jainelibrary.o

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"bahuMpi laghaTujana nihe" kama hoN| manuSya samAjavAda meM samAna hotA hai| -grAcArAMga 0,1,2,5 dama para isa prakAra aparigraha aura samAjavAda kA aTUTa aura adhika milane para bhI saMgraha na kreN| sambandha hai| -morArajI desAI (tIrthaMkara mahAvIra) "viyAriNayAdu kkhabivadhdaNaM dhaNaM" -uttara dhyayana sUtra 19,98 grAja jitane bhI vAda jaise samAjavAda, sAmya. dhana duHkha bar3hAne vAlA hai| vAda nirativAda aura svatantravAda mAdi kA jo "jeraNa siyA teNa No siyA" prabhAva dikhAI par3atA hai ina saba vAdoM ke janma kI -prAcArAMga sUtra--1, 2, 4, prAdhArazilA mahAvIra svAmI dvArA diye gaye tuma jina vastuoM se sukha kI abhilASA karate ho, upadeza hI hai| jinameM ahiMsA, aparigraha satya vAstava meM ve sukhadAyaka nahIM hai| brahmacarya Adi jitane bhI upadeza mahAvIra svAmI ne diye haiN| una sabhI ko mAnava jIvana meM utArane kI parigraha kA cakra samAja aura deza meM samAna parama prAvazyakatA hai, tabhI ina upadezoM kI sArthakatA rUpa se ghUmatA rahanA cAhiye / taba taka yaha cakra siddha ho sakatI hai, jina manuSyoM ne inako apane logoM ke bIca samAnatA kA rUpa lekara dauDatA jIvana meM utAra liyA hai, unheM prananta prAnanda, rahatA hai, taba taka sabhI manuSyoM kI AvazyakatAoM sukha, santoSa pora zAnti kI vipula upalabdhi kI pUrti barAbara niyamita rUpa se hotI calI jAtI hai. kintu sthiti isake eka dama viparIta ho gaI to anya logoM ko kaThinAI kA anubhava hogA aura jIvana ke carama lakSya kI prApti ke lie aparigraha kA nirmANa ho jaavegaa| pratyeka manuSya ko jIvana meM bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI dvArA diye gaye upadezoM ko sahI-sahI pAlana kara aisI sthiti ko dRSTigata rakhate hue mAnava ko utAranA prAvazyaka haiN| parigraha kI eka sunizcita sImA nirdhArita kara lenA cahiye, jaba taba taka sImA nirdhArita ____ bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kA 2500 vAM hogI, taba taka saMtoSa, zAMti kA prApta honA durlabha nirvANa mahotsava sampUrNa) bhArata ke sarvatra konehai / ahiMsA kA tAtparya mAnava kalyANa, anya kone meM atyanta ullAsa ke sAtha manAyA gayA prANiyoM ko sukha zAMti denA hai / sama ta ahiMsA ke jisa meM hara manuSya ko sahayogAtmaka bhAvanA upAsakoM ke lie yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki ve dikhAI detI hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI tIrthakaroM parigraha kI sImA nirdhArita kreN| kI zreNI meM isa yuga ke 24 veM tIrthaMkara ke pada aparigraha ke siddhAnta samAjavAda se bhI Age para padAsIna hue the| unake janma ke samaya sampUrNa haiN| jahAM samAjavAda kI sImA hai, usa se prAge bhArata alaga-alaga rAjyoM meM vibhAjita humA par3A aparigraha hai| samAjavAda aparigraha meM hI nihita thA jinameM aneka rAjA mahArAjA apane rAjyoM kA hai / aparigraha kA lakSya bhagavAna va manuSya ko eka saMcAlana karate aura manamAnA atyAcAra, balidAna banAnA hai| dharma kyA hai ? dharma eka hai| mAnava dharma aura vyabhicAra kiyA karate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra hai ki manuSya manuSya kA zoSaNa na kare, samAja meM svAmI ne inake caritra va isa kukRtya ko pradharma UMca-nIca kA bheda na ho| prAthika asamAnatAeM batA kara janatA ko samajhAyA aura upadeza die| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-37

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prAja unhIM ke diye hue upadezoM ko sahI rUpa vAsiyoM ko punarjanma evaM karma siddhAnta ko zikSA meM samasta manuSya mAna kara apane jIvana meM utAreM, dI thI aura unheM batAyA thA ki vanaspati meM bhI tathA usakA ucita pAlana bhI kreN| isI puNyavelA jIva hote haiM, isaliye hiMsA aura mAMsAhAra se dara meM hama mAnava jagat ke prANiyoM ke lie suvarNa rahanA cAhiye / svayaM pethAgorasa jainoM kI bhAMti avasara prApta hamA jisase hama prAtmA ko parakheM, hisA dharma kA pAlana karatA thA aura kaI abhakSya Atma nirIkSaNa kareM aura yaha anumAna lagA ki zAka-sabjiyoM kA bhojana nahIM karatA thaa| yUnAna prabhI taka vAstava meM sahI rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke rAjA DemeTriyarsa tIrthakara mahAvIra svAmI ke ananya svAmI ke upadezoM, siddhAntoM kA samAveza hamAre bhakta the| unhoMne prAtmadhyAna kI sAdhanA ke liye jIvana meM ho pAyA hai athavA nahIM, yA unase haTa apane yahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUrti kI sthApanA kara bhraSTa to nahIM ho gaye haiM aura aisA kara siddhAMta kI thI / philistIna ke mahAtmA mUsA ke jIvana ke kitane pare garta meM haiN| isa tathya kA nirUpaNa para bhI tIrthakara mahAvIra kI zikSAoM kA prabhAva prAtma-jyoti prajjvalita kara avalokana karate haiM batAyA jAtA hai| unakA ahiMsA kA sandeza IrAna aura eka anumAna prAMkate haiM ki abhI taka kitanI se Age philistIna, misra aura yUnAna taka pahuMca svasthatA, sidAntoM aura upadezoM ke AdhAra para gayA thaa| philistIna essena loga kadara mahiMsA. prApta kI hai| jIvana ke kitane vikAroM, hiMsA ko vAdI the| misra meM zAkAhAra kA pracalana thaa| 81 tyAga diyA hai| I0 meM bhRgukaccha ke zramaNAcArya ne sthensa meM pahuMca ___ isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke siddhAMtoM kara ahiMsA dharma kA pracAra kiyA thA / ' kahA va upadezoM se mAnava jIvana aura samAja tathA deza jAtA hai ki 892-999 I0 taka aphagAnistAna ke meM svasthatA kA nirmANa ho to, eka svastha samA- rAjya siMhAsana para samanIDesa nAmaka rAjA ne natA deza meM sthira hogI jisase asAmAjikatA kA zAsana kiyA thA, jo jaina dharmAvalambI thaa| bhagavAn janma nahIM ho sakegA aura samAjavAda kA nirmANa mahAvIra ke yuga meM pArasa deza kA bhAratavarSa se prAsAna ho skegaa| atyanta ghaniSTha sambandha thaa| IrAna ke itihAsa tIrthakara mahAvIra ke upadeza kevala bhAratavarSa prasiddha samrATa kurUSa kA putra rAjakumAra prAdraMka meM hI nahIM apitu deza-dezAntaroM meM bhI alakha (uddeijja) tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA anuyAyI thaa| jyoti prakAzita kara rahe the| 580 I0 meM utpanna usane bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa Akara pravrajyA yUnAnI dArzanika vidvAna pethAgorasa ne bhagavAna dhAraNa kI thii| usa yuga meM IrAna meM ahiMsA aura mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM se prabhAvita hokara apane deza- aparigraha kA vyApaka pracAra thaa| 1. eca0 jI0 raoNlinsana : iNDiyA ina yuropiyana liTarecara eNDa thATsa, pR0 5 2. DA0 kAmatAprasAda jaina : tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra aura prAdhunika yuga meM unakI zikSA kA mahatva pR0 12 1-38 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17

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vAraNI meM syAdvAda aura vicAroM meM anekAntatA jaina darzana ko apanI eka vizeSatA hai| vidvAn lekhaka ne prAdhunika trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra kI trayI. nizcitatA, sambhAvyatA asambhAvyatA kI tulanA jaina darzana kI trayI-pramANa, naya tathA durnaya se karate hue unake sAmya aura vaiSabhya ko vizadatApUrvaka spaSTa kiyA hai / nibandha parizramapUrvaka likhA gayA hai tathA syAdvAda aura anekAnta ke sambandha meM kaI naI udbhAvanAe karatA hai / pra0 sampAdaka saptabhaMgI, pratIkAtmaka aura trimUlyAtmaka, tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM .. * DA0 sAgaramala jaina, bhopAla (ma0pra0) anekAnta, syAdvAda, nayavAda aura saptabhaMga eka hai| hamArI bhASA vidhi-niSedha kI sImAtroM se dUsare se itane ghaniSTha rUpa se sambandhita haiM ki unheM ghirI huI hai "hai" aura "nahIM hai" hamAre kathanoM ke prAyaH samAnArthaka mAna liyA jAtA hai, jabaki unameM do prArUpa hai kintu kabhI-kabhI hama apanI bAta ko aAdhArabhUta bhinnatAe haiM, jinakI avahelanA karane spaSTatayA "hai" (vidhi) aura "nahIM hai" (niSedha) para aneka bhrAntiyoM kA janma hotA hai| anekAnta kI bhASA meM prastuta karane meM asamartha hote haiM arthAt vastutatva kI ananta dharmAtmakatA kA sUcaka hai to sImita zabdAvalI kI yaha bhASA hamArI anubhUti syAdvAra jJAna kI sApekSikatA evaM usake ko prakaTa karane meM asamartha hotI hai. aisI sthiti meM vividha AyAmoM kA / anekAnta kA sambandha tatva hama tIsare vikalpa avAcya yA pravaktavya kA sahArA mImAMsA hai, to syAdvAda kA sambandha jJAna miimaaNsaa| lete haiM arthAt zabdoM ke mAdhyama se "hai" aura "nahIM jahAM taka saptabhaMgI paura nayavAda kA prazna hai, hai" kI bhASAyI sImA meM bAMdhakara use kahA nahIM saptabhaMgI anekAntika vastu tatva ke sApekSika jJAna jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra vidhi, niSedha aura kI nirdoSa bhASAyI abhivyakti kA DhaMga hai, to pravaktavya sambandhI bhASAyI abhivyakti ke tIna nayavAda kathana ko apane yathocita sandarbha meM samajhane mUlabhUta prArUpoM aura gaNita zAstra ke saMyoga niyama yA samajJAna kI eka dRSTi hai| prastuta nibandha meM (Law of Combination) se banane vAle unake hamArA uddezya kevala pratIkAtmaka aura trimUlyAtmaka sambhAvita saMyogoM ke AdhAra para saptabhaMgI ke syAt tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI kI samIkSA taka asti, syAt nAsti Adi bhaMgoM kA nirmANa kiyA sImita hai ataH ina saba praznoM para vistRta vivecanA gayA hai kintu usakA prANa to syAt zabda kI yahAM sambhava nahIM hai / saptabhaMgI syAdvAda kI bhASAyI yojanA meM hI hai / mataH saptabhaMgI samyak artha ko abhivyakti ke sAmAnya vikaloM ko prastuta karatI samajhane ke lie sabase pahale syAt zabda ke mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-39

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vAstavika artha aura uddezya kA nizcaya karanA grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ata: kathana ko adhika hogaa| nizcayAtmakatA pradAna karane ke lie saptabhaMgI meM syAt ke sAtha "eva" zabda ke prayoga kI yojanA syAt zabda kA artha vizleSaNa : bhI kii| jaise-syAdastyeva ghtt:| yadyapi "eva" saptabhaMgI ke pratyeka bhaMga ke prArambha meM prayukta zabda kA yaha prayoga anekAntika sAmAnya vAkya ko hone vAle syAt zabda ke artha ke sandarbha meM jitanI samyak aikAntika vizeSa vAkya ke rUpa meM pariNata bhrAnti dArzanikoM meM rahI hai, sambhavataH utanI anya kara detA hai| phira bhI itanA to sunizcita hai ki kisI zabda ke sambandha meM nahIM hai / saMskRta bhASA meM jaina tarkazAstra meM syAt zabda kA prayoga anizcayAsyAt zabda kA prayoga aneka rUpoM meM milatA hai| smaka yA saMzayaparaka artha meM na hokara viziSTa kahIM vidhi liMga kI kriyA ke rUpa meM to kahIM prazna pAribhASika artha meM hI huA hai| kintu yaha viziSTa ke rUpa meM aura kahIM usakA prayoga kathana kI ___ artha kyA hai ? sarvaprathama jaisA ki sabhI prAcIna anizcayAtmakatA kI abhivyakti karane ke lie bhI jaina prAcAryoM ne batAyA hai ki syAt yaha "nipAta" hotA hai / inhIM prAdhAroM para vidvAnoM ne syAt zabda zabda vAkya meM anekAntatA kA dyotaka hai| (vAkyeke hindI bhASA meM "zAyada", "sambhavataH", "kadA- vanekAntadyotI'-prApta mImAMsA 103) / phira bhI cit' aura aMgrejI bhASA meM Sime, how, May hameM yaha spaSTa karanA hogA ki vAkya ke uddezya, be, Probable prAdi pranizcayAtmaka eva saMzaya vidheya Adi vibhinna aMgoM ke sambandha meM usake paraka artha kiye haiM / yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki kinhIM anekAntadyotI hone kA kyA tAtparya hai ? merI dRSTi sandarbho meM syAt zabda kA artha kadAcit, zAyada, meM syAt zabda ke eka hote hue bhI vaha vAkya ke sambhavatayA Adi hotA hai kintu mUla prazna yaha hai uddezya. vidheya aura kriyA (saMyojaka) ke sandarbha meM ki kyA jaina vicArakoM ne usakA isa artha meM prayoga alaga-alaga tIna arja detA hai| jinakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ? sarva prathama to hameM yaha jAna lenA prAvazyaka hai / yadi hama syAt zabda ke bAda ke kathana cAhie ki jaina paramparA meM aneka zabdoM kA prayoga ko koSTaka meM rakha deM, to yaha bAta adhika spaSTa unake pracalita artha meM na hokara viziSTa pAribhA- ho jAyagI jaise 'syAt (prAtmA nitya hai| kyoMki Sika arthoM meM huaA hai, udAharaNa ke lie dharma zabda saptabhaMgI ke kathanoM kA pUrNa bala to syAta zabda kI kA dharma dravya ke rUpa meM prayoga / yadi vidvAnoM ne yojanA meM hai|" aba koSTaka haTAne para isakA rUpa jaina paramparA ke mUla granthoM ko dekhane kA prayAsa hogA syAt prAtmA syAt nitya syAt hai (asti)| kiyA hotA to unheM yaha spaSTa ho jAtA ki jaina aba hama dekheM ki syAta prAtmA. syAta nitya aura paramparA meM 'syAt' zabda kA kyA artha hai| samaMta- syAt masti meM pratyeka ke sAtha lagA huA syAt bhadra, amRtacandra, malliSeNa Adi sabhI jaina dArzanikoM kyA artha detA hai| ne syAt zabda ko anekAntatA kA dyotaka, vivakSA yA apekSA kA sUcaka tathA kathaMcit artha kA syAt zabda kriyA yA saMyojaka ke sandarbha meM pratipAdaka mAnA hai / isa prakAra yaha bAta spaSTa ho anekAntikatA kA sUcaka nahIM hai kyoMki anekAntika jAtI hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne syAt zabda kA kriyA to anizcaya yA saMzaya ko hI vyakta kregii| saMzaya paraka evaM pranizcayAtmaka artha meM prayoga nahIM syAt ko 'honA' kriyA kA rUpa athavA anizcaya kiyA hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM ve isa sambandha meM sUcaka kriyA vizleSaNa mAnane ke kAraNa hI syAdvAda bhI sajaga the ki syAt zabda kA saMzayaparaka artha ko anizcayavAda, saMzayavAda yA prAtmavirodhI 1-40 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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siddhAnta samajhane kI bhUla kI jAtI rahI hai / vastutaH dUsare yaha ki vAkya yA kathana anekAntika nahIM kriyA ke sambandha meM usakA artha itanA hI hai ki hotA apitu vastutatva evaM usakA jJAna bhanekAntika vidhAna yA niSedha nirapekSa rUpa se nahIM huA hai hotA hai / koI bhI kathana naya yA vivakSA se rahita arthAt anya anukta evaM pravyakta dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM hotaa| ata: pratyeka kathana aikAntika hotA hai / nahIM huaA hai| yahAM usakA artha hai pavirodha pUrvaka vaha samyak ekAnta hotA hai| kathana kevala pravirodhI kathana / jise hama hindI bhASA meM bhI zabda se lakSita evaM sApekSaka hote haiM anekAntika nhiiN| kara sakate haiN| ata: kriyA ke sambandha se syAta kA artha hai pravirodhI aura sApekSa kathana / vidheya pada ke yadi hama syAt ko kathana kI anekAntatA kA sambandha meM syAt zabda kA artha hogA 'aneka meM eka' sUcaka bhI mAneM to yahAM kathana kI anekAntatA se arthAt kathita vidheya uddezya ke aneka sambhAvita hamArA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI hogA ki vaha vidheyoM meM eka hai| jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki syAt (syAta) vastutva (uddezyapada) kI anantadharmAtmakatA DA zizira Rtu kA banA hamA hai, to hamArA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara usake anukta evaM pravyakta prAzaya yaha hotA hai ki ghaDe ke sambandha meM jisa dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM karate hue nizcayAtmaka DhaMga se aneka vidheyoM kA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA jA kisI eka vidheya kA sApekSita rUpa meM kiyA gayA sakatA hai usameM yahAM eka vidheya zizira Rtu kA vidhAna yA niSedha hai|' kintu yadi kathana kI isakA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| eka anekAntatA se hamArA prAzaya yaha ho ki vaha uddezya takaM vAkya meM eka hI vidheya kA vidhAna yA niSedha pada ke sandarbha meM eka hI sAtha ekAdhika paraspara hotA hai / yadi hama ekAdhika vidheyoM kA vidhAna yA virodhI vidheyoM kA vidhAna yA niSedha hai athavA niSedha karate haiM to aisI avasthA meM vaha eka tarka kisI eka vidheya kA eka hI sAtha vidhAna aura vAkya na hokara, jitane vidheya hote haiM, utane hI tarka niSedha donoM hI hai to yaha dhAraNA bhrAnta hai aura vAkya hotA hai| uddezyapada arthAt vaha vastutva, jaina dArzanikoM ko svIkArya nahIM hai| isa prakAra jisake sandarbha meM vidheya kA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA syAt zabda kI yojanA ke tIna kArya hai, eka kathana jA rahA hai. ke sambandha meM syAt zabda ananta dharmA- yA tarka vAkya ke uddezya pada kI ananta dharmAtmasmakatA kA sacaka hai| isa prakAra syAt zabda katA ko sacita karanA, dUsarA vidheya ko sImita uddezya kI ananta dharmAtmakatA kA, vidheya ke aneka yA vizeSa karanA aura tIsare kathana kA sopAdhika meM eka hone kA tathA kriyA ke avirodhI aura kathana (Conditional) evaM sApekSa (Relative) banAnA ke sApekSika hone kA sUcaka hai / isa prakAra pratyeka hai| yadyapi jaina tAkikoM ne syAt zabda ke ina prarthoM sandarbha meM usake alaga alaga kArya haiN| vaha uddezya ko iMgita avazya kiyA hai tathApi isameM apekSita ke sAmAnyatva (vyApakatA) vidheya ke vizeSatva spaSTatA nahIM A pAyI kyoMki donoM ke lie eka aura kriyA ke sApekSatva kA sUcaka hai| yadyapi hI zabda pratIka syAt kA prayoga kiyA gayA thA / prAcArya samantabhadra ne vAkyeSu zabda kA jo prayoga syAt ko anekAntatA ke dyotaka ke sAtha-sAtha kiyA hai usake prAdhAra para koI yaha kaha sakatA hai vivakSita artha kA vizeSaNa (gamyaM prati vizeSaNaki syAt zabda ko kathana kI anekAntatA kA prApta mImAMsA 103) evaM kathaMcit artha kA prati. dyotaka kyoM nahIM mAnA jAtA / merA vinamra nivedana pAdaka (kathaMcidartha syAt zabdo nipAta:-paMcAstiyaha hai ki prathama to aisI sthiti meM "vAkyeSu" ke kAya TIkA) bhI mAnA gayA hai / prataH uparokta sthAna para "vAkyasya" aisA prayoga honA thaa| vivecanA praprAmANika evaM prAcIna granthoM ke AdhAra mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-41

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se rahita nahIM hai / sAtha hI vaha kathana kI saupA- 1976 meM prastuta kiyA thaa| maiM bhI yahAM isa prazna dhikatA evaM sApekSatA kA bhI sUcaka hai| anekAnta para gambhIra vicAra to prastuta nahI karUgA kevala kA dyotaka honA evaM kathaMcit 'artha kA pratipAdaka honA yaha do bhinna-bhinna bAteM haiN| anekAnta kA mAtra nirdezAtmaka rUpa meM kucha bAteM kahanA caahuuNgaa| dyotaka honA yaha kathana ke uddezya ko sAmAnya rUpa vastutaH kathana meM syAt zabda kI yojanA ko spaSTa se usake pUrNa pariprekSya meM grahaNa karane kA sacaka prayojana yaha hai ki hamArA kathana vastu ke anUvata aura hai jabaki kathaMcit artha kA pratipAdaka honA yaha avyakta dharmoM kA niSedhaka na bane / yahAM para anukta kathana ke vidheya ko sImita vizeSa yA mA~zika rUpa aura avyakta ina donoM ke arthoM kA spaSTIkaraNa se grahaNa karane kA sUcaka hai / syAt zabda uddezya Avazyaka hai| anukta dharma ve haiM, jo vyakta to hai ko to vyApaka pariprekSya meM grahaNa karatA hai kintu kintu jinakA kathana nahIM kiyA jA rahA haiM, jaba ki syAt ke sAtha 'asti' tathA evaM' zabda kI jabaki adhyakta dharma meM ve hai jo sattA meM to hai kintuM jo yojanA kI jAtI hai to vaha viSaya ko prAMzika abhivyakta nahIM ho pAye haiM jaise bIja meM vRkSa kI rUpa se hI grahaNa kara pAtI hai (syAcchaSdAdapyanekAnta sambhAvyatA kA dharma / jaina paramparA kI bhASA meM sAmAnyasya vibodhate zabdAntara prayogo'tra vizeSa inheM vastu kI bhAvI paryAya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / pratipattaye-zlokavArtika 55) / syAt zabda ke bhagavatIsUtra meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM kI ina bhinna bhinna arthoM kI spaSTatA para maiM isalie carcA ke prasaMga meM mahAvIra ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai bala denA cAhatA hU~ tAki ina alaga arthoM ke ki vastu meM prakaTa evaM dRzyamAna dharmoM ke sAtha AdhAra para khar3I huI pramANa saptabhaMgI aura naya / so avyakta evaM gau dharmoM kI sattA bhI hotI hai / saptabhagI kI bhinnatA ko ThIka se samajhA jA ske| yadi syAt zabda kI yojanA kA uddezya kevala pramAraNa saptabhaMgI uddezya kI ananta dharmAtmakatA kathana meM anukta dharmoM kA niSedha na ho, itanA hI para bala detI haiM jabaki naya saptabhaMgI vidheya kI hotA taba to use sambhAvyatA ke pratha' meM grahaNa sImitatA evaM kathana kI sApekSatA para bala detI hai| karanA Avazyaka nahIM thA kintu yadi syAt zabda isa para hama Ame vicAra kreNge| ke kathana meM avyakta dharmoM kI sattA kA bhI sUcaka hai kyA syAt prasaMbhAvyatA (Possibility) kA sUcaka to prasambhAvyatA ke praya' meM gRhIta kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki aAkasmikatA evaM akAraNatA sambandhI sambhAmAdhunika trimUlyAtmaka tarka zAstra ke prabhAva vanAeM jaina darzana meM svIkArya nahIM haiM kyoki vaha ke kAraNa yaha prazna uThA hai ki syAt zabda ko isa asat se sat kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra nahIM sambhAvyatA ke artha meM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai karatA hai / yadi sambhAvanA kA artha' 'jo asat thA yadyapi aAdhunika vicAra sambhAvyatA ko usa usakA sattA meM pAnA hai to aisI sambhAvyatA ko anizcayAtmaka evaM saMzayaparaka artha meM nahIM lete haiM vyakta karanA syAt zabda kA prayojana nahIM hai / jaina jaisA ki prAyaH pahale use liyA jAtA thA / pUnA darzana jina sambhAvyatAoM ko svIkAra karatA hai ve vizvavidyAlaya ke DA. bAraliMge evaM DA. marAThe haiM jJAna sambandhI sambhAvanAe jaise vastu kA jo aisA socate haiM ki syAt-sambhAvyatA kA sUcaka hai| guNa aAja hameM jJAta nahIM hai vaha kala jJAta ho DA. marAThe ne to isa sambandha meM eka nibandha pUnA sakatA hai, kSamatA sambandhI sambhAvanAe jaise joka vizvavidyAlaya ko jainadarzana sambandhI saMgoSThI (sana meM pUrNa kSamatA hai aura abhivyakti yA bhAvI paryAya 1-42 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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sambandhI sambhAvanAeM jaise manuSya pazu bana sakatA - kathana kI sApekSikatA kA sUcaka hai aura asti evaM hai / saptabhaMgI meM syAt zabda kI yojanA kA uddezya yahI hai ki vastutatva ke jina dharmoM ko hama nahIM jAna pAye athavA vastutatva ke dharma sattA meM to haiM kintu prakaTa nahIM haiM athavA vastutva kI jo jo bhAvI paryAyeM abhI astitva meM na prApAyI haiM, hamArA kathana unakA niSedhaka na ho syAt eka pratIka ke rUpa meM vastutaH jaina zrAcAryoM ne syAt kA prayoga eka aise pratIka ke rUpa meM kiyA hai jo kathana ko prAMta aura satya banA sake / kahA bhI hai- syAtkAraH satyalAMchana-arthAt syAt satya kA pratIka hai / yahAM lAMchana zabda usakI pratIkAtmakatA ko spaSTa kara detA hai, kintu durbhAgya yaha hai ki usakI isa pratIkAtmakatA ko na samajha kara tathA usake zAbdika artha ko lekara mukhyataH usake AlocakoM neka bhrAMtiyAM khar3I kI haiM / Adhunika yuga meM pratIkAtmaka tarkazAstra ne hameM jo dRSTi dI hai usake AdhAra para yadi saptabhaMgI kI pratIkAtmakatA ko spaSTa kiyA jA sake to usake sambandha se uThane vAle aneka virodhAbhAsoM ko dUra kara use adhika kiyA jA sakatA hai / susaMgata rUpa meM prastuta saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga eka sApekSika nirNaya prastuta karatA hai / saptabhaMgI meM 'syAt prasti' Adi jo sAta bhaMga hai, ve kathana ke tArkika zrAkAra (Logical forms) mAtra haiM / unameM syAt zabda saptabhaMgI ke isa sAMketika prArUpa ke darzita prarthoM meM kiyA hai cihna ko Cai 0 ya 00 u vi - mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 nAsti kathana ke vidhAnAtmaka (Affirmative ) auaura niSedhAtmaka ( Negative) hone ke sUcaka haiM / kucha jaina vidvAn zrasti ko sattA ko bhAvAtmakatA kA * aura nAsti ko zrabhAvAtmakatA kA sUcaka mAnate haiM kintu yaha dRSTikoNa jaina darzana ko mAnya nahIM ho sakatA / udAharaNa ke lie jaina darzana meM AtmA bhAva rUpa hai vaha prabhAva rUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai / ataH hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se jAna lenA cAhie ki syAt asti syAt nAsti apane Apa meM koI kathana nahIM hai / apitu kathana ke tArkika AkAra haiM, ve kathana ke prArUpa haiM / una prArUpoM ke lie apekSA tathA uddezya aura vidheya patroM kA ullekha prAvazyaka hai / jaise syAd prati bhaMga kA Thosa udAharaNa hogAdravya kI apekSA se AtmA nitya hai| yadi hama isameM pekSA (dravyatA aura vidheya (nityatA) kA ullekha nahIM kareM aura kaheM ki syAd grAtmA zrasti to aise kathana aneka bhrAntiyoM ko janma dege / jisakA vizeSa vivecana hamane dvitIya bhaMga kI carcA ke prasaMga meM kiyA hai| Adhunika tarkazAstra kI dRSTi se saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga eka sApekSika kathana hai, jise eka hetuphalAzrita vAkya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura saptabhaMgI ke prasaMga meM utpanna bhrAntiyoM se bacane ke lie use sA~ketika rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / nirmANa meM hamane cihnoM kA prayoga unake sAmane artha yadi - to ( hetuphalAcita kathana) athavA zrantabhUtatA (Implication) prapekSA (dRSTikoNa) saMyojana (zraura) yugapad bhAva (eka sAtha ) anantatva vyAdhAtaka (viruddha), niSedhaka uddezya vidheya 1-43

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bhaMgoM ke prAgamika rUpa bhaMgoM ke sAMketika rUpa Thosa udAharaNa syAt asti pra. u. vi. hai / yadi dravya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to prAtmA nitya hai| syAt nAsti pra.u. vi. nahIM hai| yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to prAtmA nitya nahIM hai / (112 u, vi, hai| yadi dravya kI apekSA se vicAra syAt asti nAsti ca karate haiM to prAtmA nitya hai aura (ma u1 vi nahIM hai| yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya nahIM hai / ((pra. 0 a.) ya u yadi dravya pora paryAya donoM hI syAt pravaktavya apekSA se yA ananta apekSAmoM se 'pravaktavya hai| eka sAtha vicAra karate haiM to athavA prAtmA pravaktavya haiM (kyoMki do (pra0yau pravaktavya hai| bhinna-bhinna apekSAnoM se do alaga 2 kathana ho sakate haiM kintu eka kathana nahIM ho sktaa)| (pa. u. vi. hai . (a.pra)ya u. yadi dravya kI apekSA se vicAra syAta asti ca pravaktavya ca / / karate haiM to mAtmA nitya hai kintu pya vaktavya hai| yadi prAtmA kI dravya paryAya donoM yA yA ananta apekSAoM kI dRSTi se (117 u.vi, hai 0 (a)ya 231 eka sAtha vicAra karate haiM to mAtmA pravaktavya hai| pravaktavya hai| syAt nAsti ca (a uvi nahIM hai0(pra.a.) u yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra pravaktavya pravaktavya hai| karate haiM to prAtmA nitya nahIM hai kintu yadi ananta apekSA kI (pra.uvi nahIM hai 0 (pra0)ya- u. raSTi se vicAra karate haiM to avaktavya hai| prAtmA pravaktavya hai| syAt asti ca nAsti ca (117 u.vi hai 07. u.vi. yadi dravya dRSTi se vicAra karate pravaktavya ca (ma.pra.)ya haiM to prAtmA nitya hai aura yadi u. avaktavya hai / paryAya dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM yA to mAtmA nitya nahIM hai kintu 11 uvi hai. u.vi. yadi prAtmA ananta apekSAoM kI nahIM hai. (a) dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to 'u. pravaktavya hai| prAtmA pravaktavya hai| 1-44 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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saptabhaMgI ke prastuta sAMketika rUpa meM hamane meM anya vastunoM ke guNa dharmoM kI sattA bhI kevala do apekSAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu mAna lI jAvegI to phira vastuproM kA pAraspa. jaina vicArakoM ne dravya, kSetra kAla aura bhAva aisI rika bheda hI samApta ho jAvegA aura vastu kA sva cAra apekSAe mAnI haiN| unameM bhI bhAva apekSA svarUpa hI nahIM raha jAvegA,prataH vastu meM para catuSTaya vyApaka hai, usameM vastu kI avasthAoM (paryAyoM) kA niSedha karanA dvitIya bhaga hai / prathama bhaMga batAtA evaM guNoM donoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| kintu hai ki vastu kyA hai, jabaki dUsarA bhaMga yaha batAtA yadi hama pratyeka apekSA kI sambhAvanA proM para vicAra hai ki vastu kyA nahIM hai / sAmAnyatayA isa dvitIya to ye apekSA bhI prananta hogI kyoMki bhaMga ko 'syAta nAsti ghaTa:' arthAta kisI apekSA vastutva ananta dharmAtmaka hai / apekSAnoM kI ina se ghar3A nahIM hai, isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA vividha sambhAvanAoM para vistAra se vicAra kiyA - hai, kintu isake prastutIkaraNa kA yaha DhaMga thor3A jA sakatA hai kintu isa choTe se lekha meM yaha sambhava bhrAntijanaka avazya hai, sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para isa saptabhaMgI kA prathama bhaMga / syAta prasti" esA lagatA hai ki prathama bhaga ma aisA lagatA hai ki prathama bhaMga meM ghaTa ke astitva hai / yaha svacatuSTaya kI apekSA se vastu ke bhAvAtmaka kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA thA, usI kA dvitIya dharma yA dharmoM kA vidhAna karatA hai| jaise apane bhaMga meM niSedha kara diyA gayA hai aura aisI sthiti dravya kI apekSA se thaha ghar3A miTrI kA hai, kSetra kI meM syAdvAda ko sandehavAda yA Atma virodhI kathana apekSA meM indaura nagara meM banA hanA hai, kAla kI karane vAlA siddhAnta samajha lene kI bhrAnti ho apekSA se zizira Rtu kA banA hA hai, bhAva jAnA svAbhAvika hai / zakara, prabhRti vidvAnoM ne arthAt vartamAna paryAya kI apekSA se lAla raMga kA syAdvAda kI jo pAlocanA kI thI, usakA mukhya hai yA ghaTAkAra hai prAdi / isa prakAra vastu ke sva prAdhAra yahI bhrAnti hai / syAt asti ghaTa: pora dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA se usake syAt nAsti ghaTa: meM jaba syAt zabda ko dRSTi se bhAvAtmaka guNoM kA vidhAna karanA yaha prathama projhala kara yA use sambhAvanA ke artha meM grahaNa "asti" nAmaka bhaMga kA kArya hai| dUsarA 'syAta kara 'asti' aura 'nAsti' para bala diyA jAtA hai nAsti' nAmaka bhaga vastutatva ke prabhAvApmaka dharma to prAtma virodha kA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai| jahAM yA vastu meM kucha dharmoM ko anupasthiti yA nAstitva taka maiM samajha pAyA hUM syAdvAda kA pratipAdana karane kI sUcanA detA hai / vaha yaha batAtA hai ki vasta meM vAle kisI bhI prAcArya kI dRSTi se dvitIya bhaMga kA sva se bhinna para catuSTaya kA abhAva hai| jaise yaha kArya prathama bhaMga meM sthApita kiye gaye guNadharma kA ghaDA tAmbe kA nahIM bhopAla meM banAyA usI apekSA se niSedha karanA nahIM hai, apitu yA to nahIM hai. grISma Rta kA banA pA nahIM ke prathama bhaMga meM asti rUpa mAne gaye guNadharma se itara guNa dharmoM kA niSedha karanA hai athavA phira apekSA varNa kA nahIM hai Adi / mAtra itanA hI nahIM vaha bhaMga ko badala kara usI guNa dharma kA niSedha karanA hotA isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa karatA hai ki ghar3A-pustaka, hai aura isa prakAra dvitIya bhaMga prathama bhaMga ke kathana Tebala kamala, manuSya prAdi nahIM hai / jahAM prathama ko puSTa karatA hai, khaNDita nhiiN| bhaga yaha kahatA hai ki dhar3A-ghar3A hI hai. vahAM dUsarA yadi dvitIya bhaMga ke kathana ko usI apekSA se bhaMga yaha batAtA hai ki ghar3A ghaTa hai itara anya kucha prathama bhaMga kA niSedhaka yA virodhI mAna liyA nahIM hai / kahA gayA hai ki sarvamasti svarUperaNa jAvegA to nizcaya yaha siddhAnta saMzayavAda yA pararUpeNa nAsti ca' arthAt sabhI vastuoM kI prAtmavirodha ke doSoM se grasta ho jAvegA, kintu sattA sva rUpa se hai para rUpa se nhiiN| yadi vastu aisA nahIM hai / yadi prathama bhaga meM syAdastyeva ghaTaH mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-45

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kA artha kisI apekSA se ghar3A hai aura dvitIya bhaMga apekSA nahIM badalI hai / yadi prathama bhaMga meM yaha kahA meM "syAnnAstyeva ghaTa:" kA artha kisI apekSA se jAve ki ghar3A maTTI kA hai aura dUsare bhaMga meM yaha ghar3A nahIM hai aisA kareMge to AbhAsI rUpa se aisA kahA jAve ki ghar3A pItala kA nahIM hai to donoM meM lagegA ki donoM kathana virodhI haiN| kyoMki ina apekSA eka hI hai : arthAt, donoM kathana dravya kathanoM ke bhASAyI svarUpa se aisA AbhAsa hotA hai kI yA upAdAna kI apekSA se haiN| aba ki ina kathanoM meM ghaTa ke astitva aura nAstitva dUsarA udAharaNa leM / kisI apekSA se dhar3A ko hI sUcita kiyA gayA hai| jabaki jaina prAcAryoM nitya hai, kisI apekSA se ghar3A nitya nahIM kI dRSTi meM ina kathanoM kA bala unameM prayukta hai, yahA~ donoM bhaMgoM meM apekSA badala jAtI hai| yahAM 'syAt" zabda meM hI hai, be yaha nahIM mAnate haiM ki prathama bhaga me dravya kI apekSA se ghar3e ko nitya dvitIya bhaMga prathama bhaMga meM sthApita satya kA pratiSedha kahA gayA hai aura dUsare bhaMga meM paryAya kI apekSA karatA hai / donoM bhaMgoM meM ghaTa ke sambandha meM jinakA se ghar3e ko nitya nahIM kahA gayA hai / dvitIya bhaga vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA gayA hai ve apekSAzrita dharma ke pratipAdana ke ye donoM rUpa bhinna-bhinna haiM / dUsare haiM na ki ghaTa kA svayaM kA astitva yA naastitv| yaha kahanA ki paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM punaH donoM bhaMgoM ke 'apekSAzrita dharma' eka nahIM haiM, hai yA paTa kI apekSA ghaTa nahIM hai bhASA kI dRSTi bhinna-bhinna haiN| prathama bhaMga meM jina apekSAzrita se thor3A bhrAntijanaka avazya hai kyoki para catuSTaya dharmoM kA vidhAna hai, ve anya arthAt svacatuSTaya ke vastu kI sattA niSedhaka nahIM ho sakatA hai / vastu meM haiM aura dvitIya bhaMga meM jina apekSAzrita dharmoM kA paracatuSTaya arthAt sva bhinna para dravya, kSetra, kAla niSedha huA hai. ve dUsare arthAt para catuSTaya ke haiN| bhAva kA prabhAva to hotA hai kintu unakI apekSA ataH prathama bhaMga ke vidhAna aura dvitIya bhaMga ke vastu kA prabhAva nahIM hotA hai| kyA yaha kahanA niSedha meM koI prAtma virodha nahIM hai / merI dRSTi ki kursI kI apekSA Tebala nahIM hai yA pItala kI meM isa bhrAnti kA mUla kAraNa prastuta vAkya meM usa apekSA yaha ghar3A nahIM hai, bhASA ke abhrAnta prayoga vidheya pada (Predicate) ke spaSTa ullekha kA haiM ? isa kathana meM jainAcAryoM kA prAzaya to yahI abhAva hai, jisakA ki vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA hai ki Tebala kursI nahIM hai yA ghar3A pItala kA nahIM jAtA hai| yadi "nAsti' pada ko vidheya sthAnIya hai| ataH paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se vastu nahIM hai, mAnA jAtA hai to puna. yahAM yaha bhI prazna uTha yaha kahane kI apekSA yaha kahanA ki vastu meM paracasakatA hai ki jo ghaTa asti rUpa hai, vaha nAsti tuSTaya kA prabhAva hai, bhASA kA samyak prayoga rUpa kaise ho sakatA hai ? yadi yaha kahA jAve ki hogaa| vidvAnoM se merI vinatI hai ki ve saptabhaMgI para dravyAdi kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai kintu para ke vizeSa rUpa se dvitIya evaM tRtIya bhaMga ke bhASA dravyAdi ghaTa ke astitva ke niSedhaka kaise bana ke svarUpa para aura svayaM unake AkArika svarUpa sakate haiM ? parapunarvicAra kareM aura aAdhunika tarkazAstra ke sandarbha yadyapi yahAM pUrvAcAyoM kA mantavya spaSTa hai ki meM use punargaThita kareM to jaina nyAya ke kSetra meM eka ve ghaTa kA nahIM apitu ghaTa meM para dravyAdi bar3I upalabdhi hogI kyoMki dvitIya evaM tRtIya bhaMgoM kA hI niSedha karanA cAhate haiN| ve kahanA kI kathana vidhi ke vividha rUpa parilakSita hote haiN| yaha cAhate haiM ki ghaTa paTa nahIM hai yA ghaTa meM paTa ataH yahAM dvitIya bhaMga ke vividha svarUpoM para thoDA prAdi ke dharma nahIM haiM, kintu smaraNa rakhanA vicAra karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA / merI dRSTi se hogA ki isa kathana meM prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga meM dvitIya bhaMga ke nimna cAra rUpa ho sakate haiM 1-46 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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soketika rUpa athavA (1) prathama bhaMga-a. u.vi hai / upadAna kI dRSTi se yaha ghar3A miTTI kA hai| / dvitIya bhaMga-a, u.vi. nahIM hai upadAna kI dRSTi se yaha ghar3A svarNa kA nahIM hai| . udAharaNa / (4) prathama bhaMga -12 31 hai| (1) prathama bhaMga meM jisa dharma (vidheya) kA vidhAna dvitIya bhaMga - a, u nahIM hai / kiyA gayA hai, apekSA badala kara dvitIya bhaMga udAharaNa meM usI dharma (vidheya) kA niSedha kara denA / jaba pratipAdita kathana deza yA kAla yA donoM jaise - dravya dRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai . paryAya ke sambandha meM ho taba deza kAla Adi kI dRSTi se ghar3A nitya nahIM hai / apekSA ko badalakara prathama bhaMga meM pratipAdita .kathana kA niSedha kara denA / jaise-15 agasta (2) prathama bhaMga-pra: u.vi. hai / 1947 ke pazcAta se pAkistAna kA astitva dvitIya bhaga-a uvi hai| 8 yaha cinha prathama bhaMga ke vidheya ke viruddha hai| 15 agasta 1947 ke pUrva meM pAkistAna vidheya kA sUcaka hai jaise nitya ke sthAna para kA astitva nahIM thaa| anittya / dvitIya bhaMga ke uparokta cAroM rUpoM meM prathama ! udAharaNa pora dvitIya rUpa meM bahuta adhika maulika bheda prathama bhaMga meM jisa dharma kA vidhAna kiyA gayA nahIM hai| antara itanA hI hai ki jahAM prathama rUpa hai, apekSA badalakara dvitIya bhaMga meM usake meM eka hI dharma kA (viveya) kA prathama bhaMga meM 1 . 'viruddha dharma (viveya) kA pratipAdana kara denA , 'hai| jaise - dravya dRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai| vidhAna aura dUsare bhaMga meM niSedha hotA hai, vahAM ...paryAya dRSTi se 6r3A anitya hai| dUsare rUpa meM donoM bhaMgoM meM alaga alaga rUpa meM do . . viruddha dharmoM (vidheyoM) kA vidhAna hotA hai / prathama (2) prathama bhaMga-a.) u, vi, hai| rUpa kI prAvazyakatA taba hotI hai jaba vastu meM eka dvitIya bhaMga-41. u-vi, nahIM hai| hI guNa apekSA bheda se kabhI upasthita rahe aura udAharaNa kabhI upasthita nahIM rhe| isa rUpa ke lie vastu prathama bhaMga meM pratipAdita dharma ko puSTa karane meM do viruddha dharmoM ke yugala kA honA jarurI nahIM hai, hetu usI apekSA se dvitIya bhaMga meM usake jabaki dUsare rUpa kA prastutIkaraNa kevala usI viruddha dharma yA bhinna dharma kA vastu meM niSedha sthiti meM sambhava hotA hai, jabaki vastu meM dharma kara denA / jaise-.--raMga kI dRSTi se yaha kamIja viruddha yugala ho hii| tIsarA rUpa taba banatA hai, nIlA hai| raMga kI dRSTi se yaha kamIja pIlA jabaki usa vastu meM pratipAdita dharma ke viruddha dharma nahIM hai| kI upasthiti hI na ho / caturtha rUpa kI AvazyakatA taba hotI hai, jabaki hamAre pratipAdana meM vidheya kA athavA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha na ho / dvitIya bhaMga ke apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se prAtmA meM cetana hai| pUrvokta rUpoM meM prathama rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai, apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se mAtmA acetana nahIM dharma (vidheya) vahI rahatA hai aura kriyA pada niSedhAtmaka hotA hai| dvitIya rUpa meM apekSA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71 1-47

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badalatI hai, dharma (vidheya) ke sthAna para usakA pravyapadezIya yA anirvacanIya mAnA gayA hai, viruddha dharma (vidheya kA vyAghAtaka pada) hotA hai aura yaha dRSTikoNa bhI upaniSadoM meM hI milatA hai| kriyApada vidhAnAtmaka hotA / tRtIya rUpa meM apekSA jaise-'yato vAco nivartante', yadvAvAmyuditya, vahIM rahatI haiM, dharma (vidheya) ke sthAna para usakA naiva vAcA na manasA prAptu zakyaH prAdi / buddha viruddha yA viparIta pada rakhA jAtA hai aura kriyA ke avyAkRtavAda evaM zUnyavAda kI catuSTa koTi pada nibodhAtmaka hotA hai tathA antima caturtha rUpa vinimukta tatva kI dhAraNA meM bhI bahuta kucha meM apekSA badalatI hai aura pratipAdita kathana kA isI dRSTikoNa kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA niSedha kara diyA jAtA hai| saptabhaMgI kA tIsarA malika bhaMga pravaktavya hai (4) cauthA dRSTikoNa jaina nyAya meM sApekSika ataH yaha vicAraNIya hai ki isa bhaMga kI yojanA kA pravaktavyatA yA sApekSika anirvacanIyatA ke uddezya kyA hai ? sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai rUpa meM vikasita hamA hai| ki vastu meM eka hI samaya meM rahe hue sat-asat, sAmAnyatayA pravaktavya ke nimna artha ho sakate nitya-anitya prAdi viruddha dharmoM kA yugapata arthAt eka sAtha pratipAdita karane vAlA aisA koI zabda (1) sata va asat donoM kA niSedha karanA / nahIM hai / prataH viruddha dharmoM kI eka sAtha abhivyakti kI zAbdika asamarthatA ke kAraNa pravaktavya bhaMga (2) sat, asat aura sadasat tInoM kA niSedha kI yojanA kI gaI hai, kintu pravaktavya kA yaha artha krnaa| usakA ekamAtra prartha nahIM hai| yadi hama pravaktavya zabda para aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karane haiM to (3) sata, asat, sat-asat (ubhaya) aura na sat na usake artha meM eka vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| DA. asat (anubhaya) cAroM kA niSedha karanA / padmarAja ne pravaktavya ke artha ke vikAsa kI dRSTi (4) vastutatva ko svabhAva se hI pravaktavya mAnanA / se cAra pravasthAnoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai : arthAta yaha ki vastutatva anubhava meM to pA (1) pahalA vedakAlIna niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa sakatA hai kintu kahA nahIM jA sktaa| jisameM vizva kAraNa kI khoja karate hue RSi (5) sat aura asat donoM ko yugapat rUpa se usa kAraNa tatva ko na sat praura na prasat svIkAra karanA kintu usake kathana ke lie kahakara vivecita karatA hai, yahAM donoM pakSoM kA koI zabda na hone ke kAraNa pravaktavya khnaa| niSedha hai| (6) vastutva ananta dharmAtmaka hai arthAta vastutatva (2) dUsarA proSa niSadika vidhAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa ke dharmoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai kintu zabdoM kI jisameM sat asat prAdi virodhI tatvoM meM sakhyA sImita hai aura isalie usameM jitane samanvaya dekhA jAtA hai| jaise : 'tadejati dharma haiM, utane vAcaka zabda nahIM hai| ataH tanejati' praNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn, vAcaka zabdoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa use aMzataH sadasadvareNyam maadi| yahAM donoM pakSoM kI vAcya aura aMzataH pravAcya mAnanA / svIkRti hai| yahAM yaha prazna vicAraNIya ho sakatA hai ki tIsarA dRSTikoNa jisameM tatva ko svarUpataH jaina paramparA meM isa pravaktavyatA ke kauna se artha 1-48 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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mAnya rahe hai / sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparA meM pravaktavyatA ko svIkAra karatI hai, nirapekSa ko pravaktavyatA ke prathama tInoM niSedhAtmaka artha mAnya nhiiN| arthAt vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki vastutatva nahIM rahe haiM / usakA mAnya artha yahI hai ki sat pUrNatayA vaktavya to nahIM hai kintu vaha pUrNatayA aura prasata donoM kA yugapat vivecana nahIM kiyA pravaktavya bhI nahIM hai| yadi hama bastutatva ko jA sakatA hai isalie vastutatva pravaktavya hai kintu pUrNatayA avaktavya arthAta anirvacanIya mAna leMge to yadi hama prAcIna jaina AgamoM ko dekheM to pravakta- phira bhASA evaM vicAroM ke prAdAna pradAna kA koI vyatA kA yaha artha antima nahIM kahA sakatA hai| artha hI nahIM raha jaavegaa| ataH jaina dRSTikoNa prAcArAMga sUtra meM prAtmA ke svarUpa ko jisa rUpa meM vastutatva kI anirvacanIyatA ko svIkAra karate hue vacanAgocara kahA gayA hai vaha vicAraNIya hai / vahAM bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki sApekSa rUpa se vaha anirvacakahA gayA hai ki prAtmA dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI zabda nIya hai / sattA aMzataH nirvacanIya hai aura aMzataH kI pravRti kA viSaya nahIM hai| vANI usakA nirvacana anirvacanIya / kyoMki yahI bAta usake sApekSavAdI karane meM kathamapi samartha nahIM hai, vahAM vANI mUka ho dRSTikoNa aura syAdvAda siddhAnta ke anukUla hai| jAtI hai, taka kI vahAM taka pahuMca nahIM hai, buddhi isa prakAra pUrva nirdiSTa pAMca arthoM meM se pahale do (mati) use grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai arthAt vaha ko chor3akara antima tInoM ko mAnane meM use koI vANI, vicAra aura buddhi kA viSaya nahIM haiM kisI , bAdhA nahIM pAtI hai / merI dRSTi meM pravaktavya bhaMga upamA ke dvArA bhI use nahIM samajhAyA jA sakatA hai kA bhI eka hI rUpa nahIM hai, prathama to 'hai' aura kyoMki use koI upamA nahIM dI jA sakatI, vaha nahIM haiM aise vidhi pratiSedha kA yugapad (eka hI anupama hai, arUpI sattAvAna hai| usa apada kA sAtha) pratipAdana sambhava nahI hai ata: pravaktavya bhaMga koI pada nahIM hai arthAt aisA kAi zabda nahA ha kI yojanA hai| dUsare nirapekSa rUpa se vastutatva kA jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA sake / kathana sambhava nahIM hai / ataH vastutatva pravaktavya hai| ise dekhate hue yaha mAnanA par3egA ki vastusvarUpa tIsare apekSAeM ananta ho sakatI haiM kintu ananta hI kucha aisA hai ki use vANI kA mAdhyama nahIM apekSAoM ke yugapad rUpa meM vastutatva kA pratipAdana banAyA jA sakatA hai / punaH vastutatva kI ananta sambhava nahIM hai isalie bhI use pravaktavya mAnanA dharmAtmakatA aura zabda saMkhyA kI sImitatA ke hogaa| isake nimna tIna rUpa hai : prAdhAra para bhI vastutatva ko pravaktavya mAnA gayA hai, prAcArya nemIcandra ne gomaTTasAra meM anabhilApya bhAva (I) (pra-a.) u. avaktavya hai| kA ullekha kiyA hai / ve likhate haiM ki anubhava meM (2) 8 . avaktavya hai| prAye vaktavya bhAvoM kA anaMtavAM bhAga hI kathana (3) (pradeg )ya-73 pravaktavya hai| kiyA jAne yogya hai / ataH yaha mAna lenA ucita saptabhaMgI ke zeSa cAroM bhaMga saMyogika haiN| nahIM hai ki jaina paramparA meM pravaktavyatA kA kevala vicAra kI spaSTa abhivyakti kI dRSTi se eka hI artha mAnya hai| inakA mahattva to avazya hai kintu inakA apanA koI isa prakAra jaina darzana meM pravaktavyatA ke cauthe, svatantra dRSTikoNa nahIM hai, ve apane saMyogI mUla pAMcaveM aura chaThe artha mAnya rahe haiN| phira bhI hameM bhaMgoM kI apekSA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue hI vastu yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sApekSa aura pravaktavyatA svarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiN| prata: ina para aura nirapekSa pravaktavyatA meM jaina dRSTi sApekSa vistRta vicAra apekSita nahIM hai| 1-49 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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prasAraNa sattabhaMgI aura naya saptabhaMgI : jaina tarkazAstra meM vAkya do prakAra ke mAne gaye hai - sakalAdeza zrIra vikalAdeza / inameM pramAraNa vAkya sakalAdeza arthAt pUrNa vastu svarUpa ke grAhaka zrIra naya vAkya vikalAdeza arthAt vastu ke prazika svarUpa ke grAhaka mAne jAte haiN| pramANa vAkyoM ko pUrNa vyApI aura naya vAkyoM ko prazavyApI kahA jA sakatA hai| naya vAkya yA zrazavyApI vAkya kI satyatA pramANa vAkya yA pUrNa vyApI vAkya para nirbhara hotI hai ataH ve sApekSa satya haiM jabaki pramANa vAkya svataH satya hai unakI satyatA svayaM vastu svarUpa para nirbhara hai| tarkazAstra kI bhASA meM pramAraNa vAkya ko sAmAnya vAkya ( Universal Proposition ) aura naya vAkya ko vizeSa vAkya ( Particular Proposition) mAnA jA sakatA hai siddhasena, abhayadeva aura zAnti sUri ne saptabhaMgI ke saptabhaMgoM meM se kevala tIna mUla bhaMgoM (sat, zrasat aura avaktavya ) ko sakalAdezI aura zeSa ko vikalAdezI mAnA hai jabaki bhaTTa prakalaMka aura yazovijayajI ne sAtoM hI bhaMgoM ko vivakSA bheda se sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza donoM hI mAnA hai / merI dRSTi se yaha dUsarA dRSTikoNa adhika samucita hai / isI prAdhAra para pramAraNa saptabhaMgI aura naya saptabhaMgI aisA vibhAjana bhI huprA hai / prathama prazna to yaha hai ki pramANa saStabhaMgI aura naya saptabhaMgI ke antara kA zrAdhAra kyA hai ? yadi hama yaha mAneM ki pramANa saptabhagI meM prabheda dRSTi se yA vyApaka pariprekSya meM vastu ko dekhA jAtA hai aura naya saptabhaMgI meM bheda dRSTi yA zrAMzika pariprekSya meM vastu ko dekhA jAtA hai to samasyA yaha hai ki eka hI prakAra kI vAkya yojanA meM donoM ko kaise abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / isalie jaina prAcAryoM ne nayasaptabhaMgI meM 'eva' zabda kI yojanA kI hai aura pramAraNa saptabhaMgI meM nahIM kI hai / kintu 'eva' zabda kathana kI nizcayAtmakatA kA sUcaka hai| Adhunika pAzcAtya tarkavidoM ne bhI sAmAnya vAkyoM ko anizcita parimANa vAle aura 1-50 vizeSa vAkyoM ko nizcita parimANa vAle vAkya mAnA hai | ataH donoM kI saMgati baiTha sakatI hai / paramparAgata pAzcAtya tarkazAstra meM to sAmAnya tarka vAkya ke lie 'saba' aura vizeSa tarka vAkya ke lie 'kucha' zabdoM kI yojanA kI jAtI hai kintu saptabhaMgI ke vAkyoM meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai / merI dRSTi meM to syAt zabda ke hI do bhinna arthoM ke zrAdhAra para hI pramAraNa saptabhaMgI kI yojanA kI gaI hai| bhaTTa prakalaMka ne yaha mAnA hai ki syAt zabda samyak anekAnta aura samyak ekAnta donoM kA sUcaka hai / ata: jaba hama use samyak anekAnta ke rUpa meM lete haiM to vaha pramANa saptabhaMgI kA zrIra jaba samyak ekAnta ke rUpa meM lete haiM to vaha naye saptabhaMgI kA pratIka hotA hai kintu eka hI zabda kA dohare arthoM meM prayoga bhrAnti ko janma detA haidUsare yadi hama 'ema' zabda kA prayoga usake bhASAyI artha se alaga haTakara kathana ko vizeSa yA sImita karane ke vAle parimANaka ke artha meM karate haiM to bhI bhrAnti kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / usa yuga meM jaba pratIkoM kA vikAsa nahIM huA thA taba yaha vivazatA thI ki apane vAMchita artha ke nikaTatama artha dene vAle zabdoM ko pratIka banAyA jAve kiMtu usase jo bhrAMtiyAM utpanna huI hai unheM hama jAnate haiM / yaha prAvazyaka hai ki hama pramANa vAkya aura naya vAkya ko alaga alaga pratIkAtmaka svarUpa nirdhArita kara pramAraNa saptabhaMgI aura naya saptabhaMgI kI racanA kreN| donoM meM molika antara yaha hai ki pramANa saptabhaMgI meM kathana kA sampUrNa bala vastu tatva kI ananta dharmAtmakatA para hotA hai jabaki naya saptabhagI meM kathana kI apekSA para bala diyA jAtA hai pramANa saptabhogI kA vAkya sakalAdezI yA pUrNa vyApI hotA hai jabaki naya saptabhogI kA vikalAdezI yA zavyApI hotA hai / pAzcAtya tarkazAstra meM pUrNa vyApI vAkyoM ke uddezya ko vyApta aura zavyApI vAkyoM ke uddezya ko avyApta mAnA jAtA hai- jaina paramparA ne bhI inheM kramaza: sakalA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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dezI aura vikalAdezI kahakara isa pada - vyApti isa pratIkIkaraNa se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI ko svIkAra kiyA hai| kevala antara yaha hai hai ki sakalAdezI pramANa vAkyoM meM bala vastu kI ki pAramparika tarka zAstra meM jahAM niSedhita vidheya ananta dharmAtmakatA (sambhAvita mUlya) para hotA hai sadaiva hI pUrNa vyApI mAnA jAtA hai vahAM jaina jabaki vikalAdezI vAkyoM meM bala usa apekSA para paramparA meM vidheya kA vidhAna aura niSedha donoM hotA hai jisase kathana kiyA jAtA hai| inhI vAkyoM hI prazavyApI hoNge| kyoMki syAdvAdI dRSTi se ke AdhAra para pramANa saptabhaMgI aura naya saptabhaMgI vidheya niSedha bhI nirapekSa nahIM hogA / Adhunika kI racanA kI jA sakatI hai| vistAra bhaya se hama pratIkAtmaka tarkazAstra kI dRSTi se pramANa vAkya usameM nahIM jAnA cAhate haiN| saptabhaMgI aura trimUlyAtmaka tarka zAstra aura naya vAkya kA svarUpa nimna hogaa| ___ vartamAna yuga meM pAzcAtya tarkazAstra ke pratIka vicArakoM meM lyUkasAivika ne eka nayI dRSTi dI dha -anantadharmAtmakatA yA anaMtadharmI hai, usake anusAra tArkika nirNayoM meM kevala satya, a - apekSAoM kI anaMtatA asatya aise do mUlya hI nahIM hote apitu satya, -kama se kama eka asatya aura sambhAvita satya aise tIna mUlya --atarbhUtatA hote haiN| isI sandarbha meM DA0 esa. esa vAraliMga pramAraNavAkya kA pratIkAtmakasvarUpa pAMDe tathA saMgamalAla pANDe ne jaina nyAya dha0a05a4deg u.vi. hai| ko trimUlyAtmaka siddha karane ke prayAsa kramazaH jayapura evaM punA kI eka goSThI meM kiye the| yadyapi vyAkhyA jahAM taka jaina nyAya yA syAdvAda ke siddhAnta kA anantadharmAtmakatA meM anaMta apekSAe antabhUta prazna hai use trimUlyAtmaka mAnA jA sakatA hai haiM, unameM kama se kama eka apekSA aisI hai ki anaMta kyoMki jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa naya aora durnaya dharmI uddezya 'ka' vidheya 'kha' hai| aise tIna rUpa mAne haiM, unameM pramANa satya kA, naya AMzika satya kA pora durnaya asatya ke paricAyaka udAharaNa anantadharmI prAtmA meM ananta apekSAe haiM / punaH jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANa vAkya aura naya vAkya aise do prakAra ke vAkya mAnakara pramANa antarbhUta haiM usameM se kama se kama eka dravya apekSA aisI hai ki prAtmA nitya hai| vAkya ko sakalAdeza(sunizcita satya yA pUrNa satya) aura naya vAkya ko vikalAdeza (sambhAvita satya y| naya vAkya prAMzika satya) kahA hai / vAkya ko na satya kahA pratIkAtmaka rUpa 131 jA sakatA hai aura na asatya / prataH satya aura prasatya ke madhya eka tIsarI koTi prAMzika satya yA vyAkhyA sambhAvita satya mAnI jA sakatI hai / vastutatva kI kama se kama eka apekSA aisI hai ki u 'ka' vi ananta dharmAtkatA evaM syAdvAda siddhAMta bhI sambhAvita 'kha' hai| satyatA ke samarthaka hai kyoMki vastutatya ananta udAharaNa dharmAtmakatA anya sambhAvanAoM ko nirasta nahIM karatI hai aura syAdvAda una kathita satyatA ke pratikama se kama eka dravya apekSA hai ki usake rikta anya sambhAvita satyatAmoM ko svIkAra manusAra prAtmA nitya hai| karatA hai| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-51

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isa prakAra jaina darzana kI vastutatva kI ananta dharmAtmakatA tathA pramANa, naya aura durnaya kI dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para syAdvAda siddhAMta trimU lyAtmaka tarka zAstra (Three Valued Logic) yA bahumUlyAtmaka zAstra kA samarthaka mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu jahAM taka saptabhaMgI kA prazna hai use trimUlyAtmaka nahI kahA jA sakatA kyoMki usameM nAsti nAmaka bhaMga evaM avaktavya nAma bhaMga kramazaH asatya evaM zraniyatatA ( Flase & Indeterm - inate) ke sUcaka nahIM hai / saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra kI trayI- 1. nizcitatA 2. sambhAvyatA 3. asambhAvyatA | | | satya sUlya zrAMzika satyamUlya 1. 2. 3. jaina darzana ko nayI satya mUlya sUcaka hai yadyapi jaina vicArakoM ne pramANa saptabhaMgI aura naya saptabhaMgI ke rUpa meM saptabhaMga ke jo do rUpa mAne haiM, usake AdhAra para yahAM kahA jA sakatA hai ki pramANa saptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMga sunizcata satyatA aura naya saptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMga sambhAvita yA prAMzika satyatA kA pratipAdana karate haiM / zrasatya kA sUcaka to kevala durnaya hI hai / ataH saptabhaMgI trimUlyAtmaka nahIM hai / saMkSepa meM syAdvAda siddhAMta kI tulanA trimUlyA maka tarkazAstra se nimna rUpa meM kI jA sakatI hai / 1-52 1. pramANa | satya mUlya | zrAMzika satya mUlya zrataH syAdvAda trimUlyAtmaka hai kintu saptabhaMgI dvimUlyAtmaka hai usameM asatya mUlya nahIM hai usameM bhI prabhAga saptabhaMgI nizcita satyatA kI sUcaka hai aura naya saptabhaMgI prAMzika satyatA kI SaNNavaNijvA bhAvA prAMtabhAgo du praNabhilappAnaM / vaNijjApura prAMtabhAgo sudanivar3o ! 2. prAcya vidyA sammelana karnATaka vizvavidyAlaya dhAravAr3a meM san 1976 meM paThita sadhye sarA niyaTTati, takkA jatthana vijjai maI tatta na gahiyA... "upamA na vijjaI apayassa payaM natthi / naya 3. zrAcArAMga 1-5-6-171 asatya mUlya durnaya | asatya mUlya gomaTasAra, jIva. 334 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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hama pratidina zAstra par3hate aura sunate haiM kintu usakA koI prabhAva hamAre jIvana meM nahIM hotaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki hama zAstra meM batAe satya ko kevala par3hane yA zravaNa karate haiM una para hamArI pratIti nahIM hotii| yadi pratIti ho jAya to nizcita rUpa se hama usa mArga para calane lgeN| satmArga para agrasara hone kI pahalI zarta hai usa para pratIti / isI ko tote ke eka udAharaNa dvArA vidvAn lekhaka ne, jo ki apane vizeSa DhaMga se cintana ke lie vikhyAta haiM, spaSTa kiyA hai| kAza ! hama isa satya ko samajha skte| pra0 sampAdaka zAbdika satya usakA sthUla saMskaraNa hotA hai * vidyAvAridhi DA0 mahendrasAgara pracaNDiyA, alIgar3ha parA pratIti kI vastu hai / vaha pazyanti madhyamA mandira kA pujArI dvAra para banI eka koTharI se hotI huI vaikharI kA rUpa grahaNa karatI hai| meM nivAsa karatA hai / usake bAhara eka saMkarA-sA dhvani kA dharma vastutaH bikharanA hai| zabda eka chajjA hai / usI chajje meM aneka chIMke TaMge huye haiN| vizeSa dhvani haiM jo kaNTha se nikalakara karNa-vivara eka piMjarA unhIM ke bIca meM TaMgA hai jisameM pAnImeM sunAI par3atI hai| pAtheya ke sAtha eka totA baiThA hai| kisI prAgata kI AhaTa pAkara vaha bolatA hai-usake bola-'hare zabda meM jo artha-abhiprAya hotA hai vaha atyanta rAma, mukti-mukti' kisI ko bhI spaSTa dhvani meM sUkSma hotA hai / usameM rUpa dhAraNa karane kI zakti sunAI par3a sakate haiN| sAmarthya nahIM hotI / artha kA sIdhA sambandha anubhUtijanya hai| isa prakAra zAbdika satya vinimaya saMyoga se eka paradezI haribhakta kA madhya hna sAdhya hotA hai jabaki anubhUtijanya satya (parAnu meM pAnA huaa| unheM mandira banda milA / ve bhUtimAtra) pratIti kI bastu hai / pujArI bAbA ke nikaTa soddezya padhAre / unheM __ yahI kAraNa haiM ki zAbdika satya vyavasthA pujArI se pahile totA ke darzana hue| unake AgakI bAta karatA hai usameM AsthA ke lie koI bala mana para totA ne 'hare rAma-mukti-mukti' ke bola viveka nahIM hotaa| isIlie zAstra anubhUti ke ra sunAye / prAgata ne tote kI bAta dhyAnapUrvaka sunii| prabhAva meM nire nirarthaka pramANita hote haiN| unhoMne use mukta karane ke lie piMjar3e ke dvAra khola diye / pijar3A kholA thA totA ke mukta hone eka vRtta kA smaraNa huA hai, yahA~ maiM usI ke ke lie kintu unheM taba bhArI pAzcarya huA mAdhyama se apanI bAta ko spaSTa kruuNgaa| java khule piMjar3e se totA kA mukta honA nahIM mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 11 1-53

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huaa| mukta to vaha taba hotA jaba use mukti kA satya isI prakAra se nirarthaka siddha nahIM hote| artha- abhiprAya jJAta hotA / usane to mAtra isa prakAra kA kiyA gayA sArA zrama-parizrama vyartha zAbdika satya ko sIkhA hai aura usI kA gAnA calA jAtA hai| hameM parA-pradeza kI pratIti ko duharAnA vaha Avazyaka samajhatA hai| utpanna karanA hogaa| prabhu bana karake prabhu kI kyA hamAre jIvana meM nitya vyavahRta zAbdika upAsanA sarvathA kalyANakArI hotI hai| (1) brahma kaho to maiM nahIM, kSatrI hU~ puni nAMhi / vaizya zUdra doU nahIM, cidAnanda hU~ mAhi / / (2) madhura vacana bolo sadA, karo na mana abhimAna / kSamA dayA bhUlo nahiM, jo cAho kalyANa // (3) lobha pApa ko bApa hai, krodha krUra jamarAja / mAyA viSa kI velarI, mAna viSama girirAja / / (4) -DA0 gopAla rAThaur3a jisane pAyA prema jagata meM vaha saccA dhanavAna hai, jisane prema diyA jaga bhara ko vaha saccA insAna hai| saccA dharma vahI jo calatA lekara dIpaka prema kA, prema pathika ke caraNoM para jhukatA pAyA bhagavAna hai| rudana sadA ko kho jAtA hai, musakAnoM ke gAMva meM, jitanI pAvana dhAra gaMga kI, utanA pAvana pyAra hai| 1-54 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha to isa kSetra meM pUrvajanma meM kevalI yAzrita kevalI ke pAdamUla meM paropakAra kI utkaTa bhAvanA utpanna hone para darzana vizuddhi prAvi solaha bhAvanAoM ke bhAne se hotA hai magara usakA udaya kevalajJAna hone para hI hotA hai usase pUrva nahIM / tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyAeka isa prakRti ke sattA meM hone se sAtizaya puNyodaya ke kAraraNa hote haiM / vaidika sampradAya meM mAnya avatAravAda kI taraha tIrthaMkaroM kA zrAvirbhAva isa dharA para nahIM hotA / tIrthaMkara kauna hai ? dharma-sUrya sUryodaya hote hI andhakAra kA kSaya hotA hai, usI prakAra tIrthaMkara rUpI dharma-sUrya ke udaya hote hI jagat meM pravardhamAna mithyAtva kA andhakAra bhI aMta:karaNa se dUra hokara prANI meM nijasvarUpa kA zrava bodha hone lagatA hai kinhIM kI mAnyatA hai ki dharma kI glAni hone para dharma kI pratiSThA sthApana hetu zuddha avasthA prApta paramAtmA mAnavAdi paryAyoM meM avatAra dhAraNa karatA hai / jisa prakAra bauja ke dagdha hone para vRkSa utpanna nahIM hotA, usI prakAra rAga-dveSa, moha mAdi vikAroM ke bIja zrAtma-samAdhi rUpa agni se naSTa hone para parama pada ko prApta AtmA kA rAga dveSa pUrNa duniyAM meM prAkara vividha prakAra kI lIlA dikhAnA yukti, sadvicAra tathA gambhIra ciMtana ke viruddha hai / sarvadoSa mukta jIva dvArA mohamayI pradarzana ucita nahIM kahA jAyagA / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 pra0 sampAdaka * zrI vyohAra rAjendrasiha, jabalapura udaya kAla isa sthiti meM prAcArya raviSeNa eka mArmika tathA suyukti samarthita bAta kahate haiM ki jaba jagat meM dharma-glAni bar3ha jAtI hai satpuruSoM ko kaSTa uThAnA par3atA hai tathA pApa-buddhi vAloM ke pAsa vibhUti kA udaya hotA hai, taba tIrthaMkara rUpa mahAn prAtmA utpanna hokara sacce prAtma-dharma kI pratiSThA bar3hAkara jIvoM ko pApa se vimukha banAte haiN| usane padmapurANa meM kahA hai| zrAcAraNAM vighAtena kudRSTInAM ca saMpadA | dharma glAni pariprApta mucchyante jinottamAH // ( jaba uttama mAcAra kA vighAta hotA hai, mithyAdharmiyoM ke samIpa zrI kI vRddhi hotI hai, satya dharma ke prati ghRNA nirAdara kA bhAva utpanna hone lagatA hai, taba tIrthakara utpanna hote haiM aura satya dharma kA uddhAra karate haiM / ) tIrtha kA svarUpa isa tIrthakara zabda ke svarUpa para vicAra karanA ucita hai / prAcArya prabhAcandra ne likhA hai, 'tIrtha 1-55

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mAgamaH tadAdhAra saMghazca' arthAt jinendra kathita hotI hai isase unako dharma tIrthakara kahate haiM / mUlA Agama tathA prAgama kA prAdhAra sAdhuvarga tIrtha hai| cAra ke eka atyanta bhAva pUrNa stuti-padya meM bhagavAn tIrthaM zabda kA artha ghATa bhI hotA hai / ataeva ko dharma tIrthakara kahA hai| "tIrthaM karotIti tIrthaMkara" kA bhAva yaha hogA, ki jinakI vANI ke dvArA saMsAra siMdhu se jIva tira "logujjoyarA dhammalitthayare jiNavare ya prarahate / jAte haiM ve tIrtha ke kartA tIrthakara kahe jAte haiN| kittaNa kevalimeva ya uttamabohi mamadisaMta // " sarovara meM ghATa bane rahate haiM, usa ghATa se manuSya (jagat ko samyakjJAna rUpa prakAza dene vAle sarovara ke bAhara saralatApUrvaka A jAtA hai / isI dharma tIrtha ke kartA, uttama, jinendra arhanta kevalI prakAra tIrthakara bhagavAna ke dvArA pradarzita patha kA mujhe vizuddha bodhi pradAna kareM arthAt unake prasAda avalambana lene vAlA jIva saMsAra-sindhu meM na DUba se ratna traya dharma kI prApti ho / kara cintAmukta ho jAtA hai| bhagavAna meM kahA hai tIrthakara zabda kA prayoga mIrmI kurvanti tIrthAni / tIrthakara zabda kA prayoga bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jinendra bhagavAna ko bhAva tIrtha kahA hai samaya meM anya sampradAyoM meM bhI hotA thA, yadyapi daMsagA-gANA caritte riNajjuttA, pracAra tathA rUr3hivaza tIrthakara zabda kA prayoga zreyAMsa jiNavarA du savvepi / rAjA ke sAtha karate hue unako dAna tIrthaMkara kahA tihi kAraNehiM juptA, hai / ataeva tIrthaMkara zabda ke pUrva meM dharma zabda ko tamhA te bhAvado titthaM // lagA kara dharma tIrthaMkara rUpa meM jinendra kA smaraNa karane kI praNAlI prAcIna hai| sabhI jinendra bhagavAn samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna tathA samyak cAritra saMyukta haiM / ina tIna kAraNoM prakRti ke bandhaka se yukta haiM, isase jina bhagavAn bhAva tIrtha haiN| jinendra vANI ke dvArA jIva apanI prAtmA ko samyaktva hone para hI tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha parama ujjvala banAtA hai| aisI ratna-traya bhUSita hotA hai / isa prakRti kA bandha kriyAnvita gati ko prAtmA ko bhAva tIrtha kahA hai| jinendra rUpa bhAva chor3akara tIna gatiyoM meM hotA hai| kinhIM prAcAryo tIrthaMkara banatA hai| ratna traya bhUSita jinendra rUpa kA kathana hai ki naraka kI prathama pRthvI meM tIrthaMkara bhAva tIrtha ke dvArA apavitra AtmA bhI pavitratA kA baMdha paryApta tathA aparyApta avasthA meM hotA hai| ko prApta kara jagata ke santApa ko dUra karane meM dUsarI tathA tIsarI pRthvI meM paryApta avasthA meM hI samartha hotI hai / ina jinadeva rUpa bhAva tIrtha ke isakAbandha hotA hai Age ke narakoM meM isa prakRti kA dvArA pravardhamAna prAtmA tIrthakara banatI hai aura bandhanahIM hotaa| pazcAt zruta rUpa tIrtha kI racanA meM nimitta hotI hai| darzana vizuddhi prAdi tIrthaMkara nAma karma ke kAraNa hai / darzana vizuddhi prAdi bhAvanAe pRthaka dharma-tIrthakara rUpa meM tathA samudAyarUpa meM tIrthaMkara pada prApti ke jinendra bhagavAn ke dvArA dharma tIrtha kI pravRtti ke kAraNa haiM / 1-56 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 |

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tIrthaMkara dharma jAtA hai tathA saMkleza pariNAmoM ke kAraNa pApa ___ sukha rUpa phaloM se yukta hote haiM / darzana vizuddhi kA saMgraha kara naraka jAtA hai / puNya karma kI udayAmeM prAgata darzana zabda samyak darzana kA hI vAcaka vali dvArA kSaya karane ke lie jaise honahAra tIrthahai / darzana ke hone para prApta vizuddhi rUpa yaha bhAvanA kara svarga gamana karatA hai usI prakAra saMcita guNa hai / vizuddhi kA artha hai puNyaprada ujjvala bhAva / rAzi ko upabhoga dvArA kSaya karane ke lie naraka meM jAtA hai mokSa prApti ke lie donoM prAvazyaka vizva kalyANa kI prabala bhAvanA ke dvArA / haiN| samyakatva kI dRSTi se svarga aura naraka donoM samyaktva prApta jIva tIrthaMkara pravRti kA baMdha krtaa| hI asthAI hai| prAcArya amitagati ke zabdoM meM hai| vinayazIlatA ahanta aura prAcArya bhakti prava - vaha socatA hai, ki "merI mAtmA adhUrI hai usakA cana paTutA Adi aneka bhAvanAmeM samyaktva ke hone vinAza nahIM miltaa| vaha malinatA rahita hai| para sahaja hI isake aMgarUpa meM prApta hotI haiN| jJAnasvarUpa hai samasta padArtha merI prAtmA se alaga samyaka-darzana aura darzana vizuddhi haiM karmoM ke phalasvarUpa avasthA meM merI nahIM hai|" isa dRSTi se isIlie dukha aura sukha donoM asthAI samyaka-darzana aura darzana vizaddhi bhAvanA meM bheda haiM ataH tIrthaMkara cAhe naraka se athavA svarga se hai| samyaka-darzana prAtmA meM eka vizeSa pariNAma prAkara manaparyaya, mAnava deha dhAraNA kare usase tiirthhai| usake sadbhAva meM loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA karatva ko koI kSati nahIM phuNctii| utpanna hotI hai / use darzana vizuddhi bhAvanA kahate guNa anya vizeSatA tIrthaMkara prakRti ke sadbhAva kA prabhAva tIrthakara kI vizeSatA usake guNoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kI jAtI hai| tIrthakara bhakti kA antima tIrthakara prakRti kA udaya kevalI pravasyA meM caraNa bar3A preraka hai........ "mere dukhoM kA kSaya se hotA hai / yaha niyama hote hue bhI tIrthaMkara ke garbha, karmoM kA kSaya ho |........rtn traya kA lAbha ho| janma, tathA tapa kalyAgAka tInoM tIrthaMkara ke prakRti sugati meM gamana ho samAdhi pUrvaka maraNa ho / jainendra sadbhAva mAtra se hote haiM / paMcakalyANaka vAle tIrtha- kI sampatti prApta ho|" saMsAra ina pAMca prakAra ke kara manuSya paryAya se pariNAma se nahIM pAte / ve kaleza bhora prakalyANoM kA prAzraya mAnA gayA hai naraka yA devagati se prAte haiM / bharata kSetra sambandhI unako dravya kSetra kAla bhava tathA bhAvarUpa paMca parAvartamAna tIrthakara svarga sukha bhogakara bharata kSetra meM vartana kahate haiN| mokSa kA svarUpa citavana karane utpanna hue the| inameM naraka se koI nahIM paae| vAle satpuruSa ko ukta paMca parAvartana rUpa saMsAra meM naraka se nikalakara na pAne vAlI prAtmA tatvajJoM paribhramaNa kA kaSTa nahIM uThAnA par3atA hai| unake ko rucikara lagatA hai kintu bhaktoM ko isase mano- puNya jIvana ke prasAda se paMca prakAra ke akalyANa vyathA hotI hai| isakA kyA samAdhAna hai ? chUTa jAte haiM tathA yaha jIva mokSarUpa paMcamagati ko prApta karatA hai / paMca akalyANoM kI pratipakSa rUpa svarga yA naraka kA kAraNa tIrthakara ke jIvana kI garbha janmAdi paMca pravasthAnoM kI paMca kalyANa kA paMcakalyANaka nAma se prasiddha jIva vizuddha bhAvoM se puNya ko saMcaya kara svarga hai| mahAvIra jayantI smAraka 77 1-57

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SOOOOOMMMMMMMMMMMMYHOMES ye jIvana eka raina kA sapanA OM zrI bhagavAn svarUpa jaina 'jijJAsu', AgarA ye jIvana eka raina kA sapanA / koI nahIM yahAM apanA, bande, koI nahIM yahAM apanA / / ye0 / / jAna nahIM pAyA tU aba taka jhUThI jaga kI thapanA / bhUla gayA isa moha meM phaMsakara, jinavara nAma kA japanA / / ye0|| BAHAMASOMAGUSAHAHAHAHAHAAN pala-pala meM paryAya badalatI, jyoM pala-pala dRga jhapanA / nasa jAte jaba jIvana kSaNa meM, kaisA yahA~ panapanA / / ye0|| WahhaaaaaaaaaAAaaaaAAAAAADWADOWADOWSAB kAMpa rahe bhava-jIva ki jaise kRza kAyA kA kpnaa| mithyA darzana-jJAna carita se bhava-bhava mAhiM tar3apanA // ye0 // samyaka darzana-jJAna-carita haiM harate jiiv-klpnaa| zAzvata sukha-dAtAra anUThA samyak tapa kA tapanA / / ye0 // azubha tyAga kara zubha meM AnA, zuddha mAhi zubha khpnaa| dharmya-zukla zubha dhyAna sahAre, mukti-mahala pada capanA / / ye0 / / au*60WHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHH 1-53 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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jaina darzana meM bhautika padArthoM ke saMgraha ko parigraha nahIM kahate zrapitu mUrchA ko parigraha kahate haiM aura moha ke udaya se utpanna hunA mamatva parigAma mUrcchA kahalAtA hai| isaliye dhana dhAnya prAvi bAhya parigrahoM ke binA bhI mamattva pariNAma rakhane vAlA parigrahI kahalAtA hai| dhana dhAnya Adi to mUrcchA bhAva ke utpanna hone ke kAraNa hone se kAraraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karane se parigraha kahalAte haiN| parigraha ke antaraMga aura bAhya aise do bheda haiM aura ye hiMsA kI hI paryAyeM hone se pApa rUpa haiN| mithyAtva aura pranAntAnubaMdhI cAra kaSAyoM ke sadbhAva meM kabhI bhI samyagdarzana nahIM ho sakatA jo ki zAstroM meM mokSa mahala kI pahalI sIr3hI kahA gayA hai| parigraha kA ulTA aparigraha hai| isa vrata kA vistRta vivecana vidvAn lekhaka ne ina paMktiyoM meM kiyA hai / pra0 sampAdaka mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA ko paramadharma mAnA gayA hai| ahiMsA ke sAtha satya, pracaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ko milAne se pAMca vrata ho jAte haiN| 23veM tIrthaMGkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA dharma cAturyAma kahalAtA thA, kyoMki usameM brahmacarya vrata aparigraha meM sammilita thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne brahmacarya ko alaga mahattva dekara pAMca vratoM kA vyAkhyAna kiyA / mUla vrata hiMsA hI hai / satya, pracIrya aparigraha prAdi sabhI vrata ahiMsA ke hI rakSaka haiN| corI karane se jisa vyakti kA dhana calA jAtA hai, use duHkha pahuMcatA hai / prasatya bhASaNa se bhI logoM ko kaSTa hotA hai usI prakAra eka vyakti ke pAsa sampatti kA saMgraha ho jAne se dUsare nirdhana logoM ko pIr3A hotI hai / isalie aparigraha vrata bhI ahiMsA kI rakSA ke lie hai / eka bAra mahAvIra vaizAlI ke pAsa vANija grAma gae, vahAM eka prAnanda nAmaka seTha rahatA thA, mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 aparigraha vrata * DA. kachedIlAla jaina, zahaDola usake khajAne meM 4 karor3a mudrAeM rijarva thIM, itanI hI mudrAeM byAja para die thA. aura itanI hI rAzi vyApAra meM lagAe thA / cAra gokuloM meM dasadasa hajAra gaueM thIM, pAMca sau haloM kA khetI thI, bahuta logoM ko mahAvIra ke darzanArtha jAte dekhakara vaha bhI mahAvIra ke pAsa pahuMcA / zrAnanda ne praNuvrata pAlane kI icchA vyakta kI- mahAvIra ne kahA ki tumhAre jaise sampanna seTha ke rahate hue, kaI logoM ke cUlhe anna ke prabhAva meM nahIM jalate haiM jabaki tumhAre yahAM bhranna kA itanI adhikatA hai ki lAparavAhI se cUlhe meM roTiyAM jala jAtI haiM / tumhArA itanA saMgraha loka- zoSaka evaM loka pIDaka hai / pahale pratyeka vyakti kA peTa bhare itanA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie, peTI bharate rahanA ucita nahIM hai / zrAnanda ne mahAvIra se pUchA- aparigraha praNuvrata kisa prakAra pAlA jA sakatA hai| mahAvIra ne batAyA ki sabase mahAn vrata to yaha hai ki samasta 1-59

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parigraha tyAgakara digambara rUpa dhAraNa kara mahAvratI mamatva bhAva yA grAsakti ko parigraha batAyA hai| banA jAya / parantu gRhastha logoM kA uttama aNuvrata jisa prakAra baiMka kA kaiziyara athavA kisI seTha kA yaha hai ki jitane kI AvazyakatA, upayoga ke lie lekhAkAra lAkhoM rupayoM kA lena dena karatA hai ho utanA dhana rakhakara zeSa kA tyAga kiyA jaay| parantu una rupayoM ke prati unakA mamatva bhAva nahIM madhyama rUpa yaha hai ki abhI jitanI sampatti hai hotA hai / vyakti kA dhana sampatti ke prati mAtra usase adhika kA saMgraha na karane kA niyama liyA jJAtA draSTA kA bhAva honA cAhie jaise darpaNa ke jAya / yadi adhika prAya ho to usakA tyAga kiyA samakSa upasthita vastu kA pratibimba darpaNa meM jhalajAya / tIsarA jaghanya rUpa yaha hai ki jitanI katA hai parantu vastu ke haTate ho pratibimba miTa sampatti vartamAna meM hai usase dugune taka kI sampatti jAtA hai / kaimare kI sthiti darpaNa se bhinna hotI hai, kA niyama le liyA jAya aura kabhI usase adhika kaimare ke samakSa upasthita vastu kA pratibimba nigenahIM bar3hane dI jAya / usane madhyama mArga kA anu- Tiva meM jama jAtA hai, kisI vyakti kA vastu ke karaNa kiyA aura niyama liyA ki isa samaya mere prati isa prakAra kA lagAva nahIM honA cAhie / pAsa jitanI sampatti hai usase adhika kA saMgraha ita prakAra deza meM sampatti kA utpAdana khuba nahIM karUMgA / aba taka jina gAyoM kA dUdha becA honA cAhie paranta usa sampatti para prAsakti jAtA thA usane amAvagrasta logoM meM dUdha bAMTanA kisI vyakti kI nahIM honI cAhie / aisI sampati zurU kara diyA, bagIcoM ke phalaphUla becanA banda deza tathA samAja ke kalyANa ke lie hotI hai| karake logoM meM bAMTanA zurU kara diyA tathA jo isa vyavasthA meM kisI vyakti ko dUsaroM ke prati dUsaroM kI prora karja thA vaha bhI vApisa lenA IA jalana kI pravRtti nahIM utpanna hotI hai / asvIkAra kara diyaa| prAja saMgraha ke lie itanI hor3a lagI hai ki dUne kI to bAta dUra rahI saikar3oM jisa prakAra machalI kI jala ke prati tIvra gunA dhana bar3ha jAne para bhI bar3hAte rahane kI lAlasA prAsakti hone se vaha jala ke bAhara hote hI becaina banI huI hai| sarakAra ne RNa mAphI ke kAnUna ho jAtI hai / parantu meMDhaka jala meM rahakara bhI usase banAe haiM anyathA sAhUkAra mUladhana se kaI gunA utanA prAsakta nahIM hai ata: jala ke bAhara rahane vyAja hI vasUla kara lete the| para bhI becanI anubhava nahIM karatA / kisI vastu ke prati vyakti kA tIvra rAgAtmaka sambandha ho aura aparigraha ke cintana meM eka bAta aura samA - aisI vastu kA vichoha ho jAya to vyakti ko vedanA hita hai ki deza ke vikAsa ke lie adhika se / hotI hai, vastu nahIM hai parantu apane mana kI bhAvanA adhika utpAdana evaM sampatti kI samRddhi honA hI hameM sukhI yA duHkhI banAtI hai| jisa prakAra macchI bAta hai / vyakti ke lie aparigraha kA vrata kanyA kA vivAha hone para apane bacapana ke ghara ko hai / vyakti jo bhI kamAe ImAnadArI se kamAe, parAyA aura vara pakSa ke parAe ghara ko apanA samaparantu usakA saMgraha na karake vyaya karatA jAya, jhane lagatI hai isI prakAra yadi vyakti kI dRSTi kyoMki viSamatA adhika utpAdana se nahIM, balki badala jAya aura vyakti ko sampatti ke prati saMgraha kI pravRtti se bar3hatI hai| mahAvIra ne dhana ke prAsabita na rahe to yahI aparigraha hogaa| astitva ko parigraha nahIM kahA, unakI paribhASA meM sUkSma dRSTi pratIta hotI hai| unhoMne mUrchA ko jisa prakAra kacce nAriyala kA khopare vAlA parigraha kahA hai| arthAt dhana, sampatti ke prati bhAga narerI se cipakA rahatA hai aura narerI ke 1-60 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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phor3ane para khoparA bhI sAtha meM coTa khAkara phUTatA kAraNa banatI hai / yahI parigraha kI AkAMkSA bhAI. hai, parantu sUkhe nAriyala kA khoparA nariyala se bhAI tathA putra pitA ke bIca vaira karA detI hai / cipakA nahIM rahatA hai isalie narerI ke phor3a dene para bhI khoparA nahIM phUTatA hai| isI taraha vastuoM __jIvana ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA ke prati Asakti hone para vastuoM ke vichoha meM / ra gayA thA, unameM gRhastha Azrama meM hI vyakti pariduHkha kA anubhava hotA hai parantu prAsakti na hone graha saMcaya meM kArya karatA thA, usameM bhI gRhastha ko para duHkha nahIM hotA hai / Asakti nahIM rahatI thI, isalie dhana kA parahita meM dAna kiyA jAtA thaa| isa samaya bAla avasthA prAsavita evaM saMgraha kI bhAvanA rakhane ke se hI manuSyoM meM vibhinna prakAra ke saMgraha kI pravRti kAraNa nirdhana bhikhArI bhI parigrahI ho sakatA hai, pAI jAtI hai vAnaprastha aura saMnyAsa jaise prAzrama to Asakti na rahane para sampanna prAdamI bhI aparigrahI aba lupta hI ho gae haiM / janma se mRtyu paryanta manuSya ho sakatA hai| rAjA janaka ko loga anAsakta aba saMgraha meM hI lagA rahatA hai / saMgRhIta vastuoM yogI kahate the| zrIrAma jo rAjya chor3akara vana ko ke lekhe jokhe meM manuSya vyasta rahatA hai / manuSya gae to unheM jarA bhI duHkha nahIM huA kyoMki unheM prAtma kalyANa sambandhI satkarmoM kA lekhA jokhA rAjya ke prati prAsakti nahIM thii| saMskRta ke eka karanA bhUla gayA hai / kavi ne isI bhAva ko isa prakAra hai - yaha bhrAnta kalpanA, ki sukha vAhirI vastuoM na viraktAH dhanastyaktAH / meM hai manuSya ko pari graha ke paMje meM jakar3e rahatI hai na viraktAH digambarAH / / parantu vAhirI vastuoM ke saMgraha meM vAstavika sukha nahIM hai, manuSya kA AkAMkSA jisa vastu ke saMgraha vizeSaraktAH svapade / kI hotA hai, usake pAne ke lie becainI rahatI hai, te viraktAH matA: mama / / taraha taraha kI cintAmoM ke bAda kaSTa sahakara usa dhana saMgraha tathA parigraha kI tIvra prAkAMkSA ke vastu ko pA bhI letA hai, to usake tatkAla bAda kAraNa manuSya sabhI taraha ke pApa evaM duSkarma karake usase bhinna anya vastu ko pAne kI icchA utpanna ho jAtI hai, isa prakAra icchAoM kA krama calatA bhI dhana saMgraha kI ceSTA karatA hai / DAkU loga dhana ke lie dUsaroM kI hatyA karake hiMsAdi pApa ke rahatA hai / sukha aura santoSa kA samaya kabhI prApta bhAgI banate haiN| saMgraha ke lie taskarI, TeksoM kI nahIM hotA hai / prarthazAstra kI siddhAnta hai ki eka corI prAdi karake bhI loga jhUThe hisAba rakhate hai ikchA dUsarI icchA ko janma detI hai reDiyo kI tathA prasatya vyavahAra kA pApa karate haiN| nyAyAlayoM icchA pUrI hone para TelIvijana kA, aura moTara meM jhUThI zapatha lete haiM / dhana saMgraha tIvra lAlasA ke sAIkila kI icchA pUrI hone para kAra lAne kI kAraNa kaI lalanAe vezyA jaisA abrahma kA pezA icchA utpanna ho jAtI hai| prAzAgartaH pratiprANI apanA letI haiN| isa prakAra saMgraha kI lAlasA aneka yatra vizvamaNU pamam' pratyeka prANI kI AzA kukarmoM kI jar3a hai| rAjanaitika pada kI tIva (icchA) kA gaDDhA itanA bar3A hotA hai ki usako prAkAMkSA dUsare netAoM kI hatyA karA detI hai| bharane ke lie sAre saMsAra ke samasta padArtha bhI thoDe sAmrAjya kI prAkAMkSA dUsare dezoM para prAkramaNa karAtI hai tathA yuddha jaise nara saMhAraka kAryoM kA sacce sukha kA srota prAtmA ke bhItara hai, parantu mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71 1-61

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jaba srota bAhari vastunoM kI icchA rUpI kIcar3a, pattharoM se banda ho jAtA hai to prAtmA kI hauja jaisI sthiti ho jAtI hai / jaise hauja meM bAhara kA pAnI lAkara bharanA par3atA hai tathA usameM roja badala badala kara nayA pAnI bharanA par3atA hai isI prakAra zrAtmA ke antaraMga sukha kA srota banda ho jAne para manuSya bIr3I, sigareTa, zarAba, sinemA, reDiyo zrIra seksa Adi meM sukha khojatA hai parantu lagAtAra inake sevana se bhI sukha nahIM milatA hai / garmI meM kUlara meM sukha pratIta hotA hai to zIta Rtu meM hITara meM / yadi manuSya zrAtmA rUpI kue meM sukha rUpI srota ke banda kara dene vAle vikAra, durvyasana, bAharI padArthoM kI cAha rUpI kIcar3a, pattharoM ko alaga karade to sadaiva aisA sukha milatA rahegA jisameM bAharI sukha rUpI jala kI jarUrata nahIM hai / eka kavi ne bahuta acchI bAta kahI hai / go dhana gaja dhana vAji dhana, savai ratana dhana khAna jaba zrAve santoSa dhana saba dhana dhUli samAna // jisa manuSya ke pAsa santoSa rUpI dhana vidhamAna hai vahI sukhI hai / isalie icchAtroM ke bar3hAne meM nahIM, balki icchoM ke kama karane meM sukha hai / eka vyakti jise bIr3I, zarAba, tambAkU, sigareTa, cAya kI icchA banI rahatI hai use ina vastuoMoM ke sevana karane para sukha pratIta hotA hai / parantu vastusthiti yaha hai ki jise bIr3I, zarAba, gAMjA, bhAMga kI icchA nahIM hotI hai vahI sukhI hai kyoMki use una cIjoM ke binA becainI kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai / zeksapiyara ne bahuta acchI bAta kahI hai ki sonA eka burA viSa hai / The greatest hum - bing in the world is the idea that money can make a man happy. Gold is worst Poision for man's soul, doing more murders in this loath. Same is the world. than any mortal drug. eka bAra duryodhana ne apane mAmA zakuni se 1-62 kahA thA ki maiMne yudhiSThira ke yahA~ yajJa meM yaha anubhava kiyA ki sonA zragni ke samAna camakadAra to hotA hai parantu zragni se bhI adhika jalana paidA karatA hai, kyoMki agni to chUne para hI jalatI hai jabaki yudhiSThira ke pAsa bheMTa meM prApta sone ko dekhakara mujhe jalana paidA ho gaI thI / samAja meM dAna kI pravRtti Asakti bhAva ko kama karane ke lie cAlU huI hai jaise kisI bAMdha meM choTA sA chidra kara dene se usake dvArA pAnI nikalatA rahatA hai aura pUre bAMdha ko phUTane se bacA letA hai| pAna kI pravRtti se parigraha ke durgA kama ho jAte / jitane dravya kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai utane ke prati Asakti kama ho jAtI hai / sampanna hokara bhI jo loga dAna ke dvArA samAja yA deza kA kalyANa karate haiM ve marakara bhI amara rahate haiM / rAjA zreyAMsa, mahArAjA bhoja tathA bhAmAzAha dAna kI pravRtti ke kAraNa amara haiM / loga parigraha kevala apane lie nahIM balki Age Ane vAlI pIr3hiyoM ke lie saMcaya karate haiM / eka vicAraka ne bahuta acchI bAta kahI hai / pUta sapUta to kyoM dhana saMcaya / pUta kapUta to kyoM dhana saMcaya // yadi putra suputra hogA to pUrvajoM kI kama sampati hone para bhI svayaM kamAkara sampanna hI jAvegA, yadi putra kuputra nikala jAvegA to pUrvajoM kI jor3I huI sampatti ko bhI naSTa kara degA / isa lie usake nimitta bahuta adhika saMgraha karanA vyartha hai / mahAvIra ne rAga dveSa Adi vikArI bhAvo ko bhI parigraha kI zra eNI meM ginA hai / kevala rupayA paisA hI nahIM, dAsI, dAsa, bartana bhAMDe, jamIna, makAna, dhAnya (anAja) sonA cAMdI Adi vastunoM ke saMgraha kI bhAvanA ko bhI parigraha mAnA hai / isa prakAra antaraMga tathA bahiraMga donoM prakAra ke parigraha ko sImita karanA hI gRhasthoM ke lie aparigraha kA vrata hai / 883 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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hameM yAda hai prasiddha vidvAn zraura patrakAra zrI satyadevajI vidyAlaMkAra ne eka bAra apane eka nibaMdha meM likhA thA ki jainadharma aura vaidika dharma satat pravAhazIla nadI ke Amane-sAmane ke do kinAre haiM jo kabhI nahIM milte| eka tIna hai to dUsarA chaha / zabda dUsare ho sakate haiM magara unakA abhiprAya yaha hI thaa| jainadharma aura vaidika dharmo meM kina bAtoM meM vaiSamya hai aura kina meM sAmya / ina bAtoM kA tulanAtmaka saMkSipta adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai vidvAn lekhaka ne apanI isa racanA meM / jainadharma banAma vaidika dharmaM jainadharma, bhArata ke atipracalita dharmoM meM bauddhadharma aura vaidika dharma yA hindU dharma se saghanatA ke sAtha sambaddha hai / bhAratIya hone ke sAtha hI tInoM dharma samagati rahakara vikasita-varddhita hote rahe haiN| pratyeka ne eka dUsare ke utAra-car3hAva ko dekhA hai, paraspara eka ne dUsare para prahAra kiyA aura bhelA / yahI kAraNa hai ki eka kA dUsare para prabhAva sparza aGkita ho gayA hai / vaidika dharma yA hindU dharma va sanAtana dharma ke nAma se rUr3ha ho gayA hai| hindU dharma kI yadi vyApaka vyAkhyA kI jAyagI, to jainadharma bhI hindUdharma ke antargata mAnA jAyagA / kintu. rUDha artha ke sAmane yaugika artha kI mAnyatA maddhima par3a jAtI hai / hindU zabda kI vyAkhyAnoM meM jainadharma ko hindU dharma ke vidrohI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane kA bhAva prAbhAsita hotA hai| phira bhI niSpakSatA kI bAta to yaha hai ki jainadharma bhArata kA svatantra mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 pra0 sampAdaka * pro0 zrIraMjanasUrideva, paTanA dharma hai| isakA nirNaya donoM dharmoM ke zAstroM ke antarasAkSya se ho jAtA hai / vaidacatuSTaya hindU dharma kA prAcIna grantha hai / paurANika kahate haiM ki vedavyAsa ne vedoM kA saMkalana yajJa kI zrAvazyakatAoMoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kiyaa| veda ke tIna vibhAga haiM: mantra, brAhmaNa aura upaniSad / mantrasamudAya saMhitA hai, to brAhmaNaM yajJa-yAga Adi se sambaddha vedamantroM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai / brAhmaNa grantha ke hI antima bhAga prAraNyaka aura upaniSad hai, jinameM dArzanika tatvoM hI vedAnta kahA gayA hai / kI vizada paryAlocanA kI gaI hai| upaniSadoM ko viSaya kI dRSTi se veda kI karmakANDa evaM jJAnakANDa ke rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai / saMhitA, brAhmaNa aura prAraNyaka karmakANDa kA viSaya hai aura upaniSad jJAnakANDa kA / vedoM kA pradhAna viSaya hai devatA kI stuti 1-63

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aura praarthnaa| ve devatA haiM indra evaM agni, sUrya, yaha bhI eka visaMvAdI tathya hai ki vaidika prAya nadI, parvata prAdi prakRti kI ananta vibhUtiyAM / jaba bhAratavarSa meM pAye taba yahA~ unakA saMgharSa prAdidevatAnoM kI saMkhyAoM meM hrAsa-vikAsa bhI hotA vAsiyoM se hugraa| Rgveda meM saMketita gauravarNa rahA hai| inhIM devatAmoM ke anugraha se jagat cAlita AryoM aura zyAmavarNa dasyuaoM kA virodha isI bAta hai, yahI rahA hai vaidika prAryoM kA vizvAsa / ko sampuSTa karatA hai| upaniSad ke pUrvavartI kAla isIlie, ve sadA deva-stuti meM saMlIna hai| kahate meM vaidika dharma ke virodha kA bIjAropaNa ho gayA haiM jaba ve vaidika Arya, avaidika kAla meM bhArata thA / cUki, mArya bAhara se pAye the, isalie unameM prAye, taba apane sAtha devastutiyoM ko bhI sAtha yahA~ ke prAdivAsiyoM ko jaMgalI aura ajJAnI lAye / prasiddha jaina vidvAn 50 kailAzacandra zAstrI kahakara prAryatva ke prabhAva se dalita banAye rakhane kI ne apanI prasiddha pustaka 'jainadharma' (pR0 336) meM sahaja pravRtti sambhava hai / vaidika Arya aura bAda meM kahA hai ki prArya jaba isa naye deza bhArata meM anya unake paramparAgata uttarAdhikArI vaidika dharma ke devapUjakoM ke paricaya meM prAye, taba unheM apane samakSa anya dharmoM kI svatantra mAnyatA svIkAra stutigItoM ke saMkalana kA utsAha humA / DaoN0 karanA nahIM cAhate the| isalie, vaidika dharmavAdiyoM rAdhAkRSNan kI 'iNDiyana philaoNsphI' kA havAlA ne ghoSita kiyA ki jainadharma kA udgama bauddhadharma dete hue zAstrIjI ne Rgveda ko unhIM stutiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha yA usase kucha pahale upaniSadkAla kA saMgraha kahA hai| ke bahuta bAda meM upaniSadoM kI zikSA ke prAdhAra para huaa| hAlAMki, jaina paramparA kI dhAraNA hai : bAjhAraNa-sAhitya meM IzvarIya jJAna kI mAnyatA teIsaveM aitihAsika tIrthaMkara zrI pAzrvanAtha 800 I. kI bAta milatI hai / ataH vedajJAna kI prApti ko pti kA pU. meM utpanna hue the (para ve jainadharma ke saMsthApaka pArasparika uttarAdhikAra ke rUpa meM prayita mAnA nahIM the): kintu isa bAta kA bhI pramANa milatA gayA hai| vaidika dharmetara jainadharma ke manISiyoM kA / "kA hai ki I. pU0 prathama zatI meM RSabhadeva kI pUjA tarka hai ki vaidika kAla meM manuSya kA devatAoM ke . hotI thI aura ve (bhAgavatapurANa ke anusAra bhI) sAtha kevala mAMtrika sambandha thA; kyoMki vaidaka jainadharma ke saMsthApaka the / isase upaniSadoM kI RcAoM meM, prArthanA karane kA mUlya sAtha-sAtha zikSA ko jainadharma kA prAdhAra mAnanA asaMgata cukA dene kI bAta uTTa kita huI hai| siddha ho jAtA hai / spaSTa yaha hai ki vaidika prAraNyakoM aura upaniSadoM kI sthiti vedoM ke dharmAnuyAyI vaidika dharma ko hI mUladharma mAnate haiM anakala nahIM hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI upaniSadoM pora jaina-bauddhadharmoM ko unakI zAkhAeM yA tatprabhAkI bhASA vaidika prakriyA kI kliSTatA se Ubakara vita dharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| kintu, sarala saMskRta kI ora mudd'ii| upaniSad vedoM kI jainamatAvalambI jainadharma ko eka svataMtra dharma kI maulikatA ko svIkAra karake bhI vaidika jJAna ko saMjJA dete hai / kyoMki, jaina manISI vaidika dharma aura muktidAna meM asamartha mAnatI hai| isI sandarbha meM upaniSad ke siddhAntoM ke mizraNa ko tarka-viruddha mANDUkya upaniSad kI nIcI aura U~cI vidyApoM batalAte hue kahate haiM ki jainadharma anAdikAla se kI bAta smaraNa rakhanI cAhie / veda-prApta vidyA hI apane astitva ko banAye hue hai| vaidika kAla nikRSTa hai, parantu zAzvatI pratiSThA denevAlI kI jo rUparekhA upasthita kI gaI hai, usase yahI upaniSad vidyA utkRSTa hai| pramANita hotA hai ki jaba vaidika kriyAkANDa kA 1-64 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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virodha huA aura janaruci usase vimukha hone lagI, nahIM, balki vedavirodhI ukta dharmoM ke kAraNa bar3ha taba vaidikoM ne apanI sthiti banAye rakhane ke lie rahI thI aura unhIM ke kAraNa pazuyajJa janatA ke apane virodhI dharmoM kI, jinameM jainadharma pramukha thA, lie pAlocanA aura ghRNA kA viSaya bana rahA prAdhyAtmika zikSAoM ke AdhAra para upaniSadoM kI thA / mahAbhArata meM aisI bhI kathA milatI hai, racanA kii| upaniSad bhI bAteM to adhyAtma kI jisameM pazuyajJa ko adhama batalAkara haviyajJa ko hI karatI thI, kintu samarthana vaidika kriyAkANDa ko zreSTha kahA gayA hai / isI prAdhAra para pUrvAgrahadetI thI, jisake virodhI barAbara maujUda the| vihIna vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki mahAbhArata zramaNaphalasvarUpa, virodha kI abhivRddhi hotI hI calI saMskRti se prabhAvita hai| yaha bAta isalie bhI bahuta hadataka sahI hai ki vibhinna dharmoM meM paraspara prAdAna-pradAna kI prathA sadAtana kAla se calI isI virodhakAla meM bhagavAn pAzvanAtha hue| prAI hai| unake upadezoM ne apanA prabhAva pradarzita kiyA / pArzvanAtha ke lagabhaga do sau varSa bAda hI bihAra meM vaidika dharma kI Izvara-bhAvanA tathA pazUyajJa mahAvIra aura buddha kA udaya humaa| vaidika dharma meM ke hiMsAvAda kI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM hI jainadharma vicArazAstra uccatara vidvAnoM kI vastu banI huI kA janma hamA, jisane mAnava zreSThatA kI prAdarzathI kintu mahAvIra-yuga meM unake dharma kA pracAra vAditA tathA ahiMsAvAditA kA udghoSa kiyaa| janasAdhAraNa meM kiyA jAne lagA / bhagavAn isalie jainadharma ko pratikriyAvAdI dharma kahA pArzvanAtha ne lagabhaga sattara varSoM taka sthAna sthAna jAtA hai| hAlAMki yaha pratikriyA durguNa ke prati para vihAra karake janasAmAnya : dharmopadeza kiyaa| sadguNa kI pratikriyA hai| isI kA anusaraNa mahAvIra aura buddha ne avAntara kAla meM kiyA / ina mahApuruSoM ne prAdhyA- caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM teIsave pArzvanAtha aura tmika vicAroM ko vyAvahArika rUpa dene tathA caubIsaveM mahAvIra vAstava meM aitihAsika puruSa vicAroM ke anurUpa jIvana-yApana karane kI pravRtti the / ve vAsudeva kRSNa ke pIche hue haiN| ina donoM ko apanA pramukha lakSya bnaayaa| vaidika yuga meM mahAruSoM meM pAzvanAtha buddha ke pUrvavartI haiM aura indra, varuNa Adi ko ho devatA ke rUpa meM pUjA mahAvIra tathA buddha samakAlIna haiM / ina donoM jAtA thA, kintu jaina-bauddhadharmoM ne manuSya ko mahApuruSoM ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA ki hiMsA aura sarvopari mAnakara usameM hI devatva kI pratiSThA kii| zuddhadharma kA mela sambhava nahI hai tathA dharma ke sI samaya rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI racanA bahAne pazuvadha karanA puNya nahIM, pApa hai| isa huI aura rAma tathA kRSNa ko Izvara kA avatAra nizcaya ko unhoMne apane zuddha cAritra ke dvArA mAnakara manuSya ne devatva kI pratiSThA se AkRSTa tathA saMgha ke prabhAva se janasAdhAraNa meM phailAyA / hone vAlI janatA ko vedabrahma kI ora unmukha hone isakA hindU-dharma para itanA gambhIra aura vyApaka se rokaa| jaina-bauddhadharma meM strI aura zUdra ko bhI prabhAva par3A ki hindU janatA bhI yajJa meM hiMsA kA dharmAcaraNa kA adhikAra thaa| vedoM kA paThana- prabala virodha karane lgii| kintu. brAhmaNadharma meM pAThana donoM ke lie jata thA: 'na strIzadau itara dharmoM kI vizeSatAoM ko apanAne kI adabhata vedamadhIyAtAm / ' isa bAta kI pUrti mahAbhArata kSamatA hai / upaniSatkAroM ne uttarakAlIna upaniSadoM ne bhI kii| janatA kI ruci ahiMsA kI aora svata: ke dvArA bauddhoM aura jainoM ke aneka mantavyoM ko mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 165

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huA hai| isa prakAra apane meM sammilita kara liyA, mAnoM meM pralaya aura sRSTi kI kalpanA karate haiM, kintu vaha upaniSadoM kI hI mUlavastu ho| ataH, upa- jaina jagat ko anAdipravAha mAnate haiM / niSadoM meM jaina AcAra-vicAra kA jo pUrvarUpa vaidika dharmAnuyAyI mAnate haiM ki sanAtana dharma pAyA jAtA hai, usase yaha nirNaya lenA sarvathA ko Izvara kI preraNA se brahmA ne prakaTa kiyA, bhrAnti hai ki jainadharma upaniSadoM se prAvibhUta kintu jainoM ke mata se yuga-yuga meM tIrthaMkara hote haiM aura ve apane jIvanAnubhava ke AdhAra para satya-dharma kA upadeza karate haiM / vaidikadharma meM mokSa ko durlabha vaidika yA hindU-dharma aura jaina dharma ke mAnate haiM, kintu jainoM kI mAnyatA hai ki mokSa siddhAMtoM meM aneka aise antara milate haiM, jo jainadharma kevala mAnavIya adhikAra kI vastu hai| eka mAnate ko svatantra dharma pramANita karate haiN| jaina veda ko haiM ki bhagavatkRpA se sukha milatA hai, kintu dUsare nahIM mAnate, smRtigranthoM aura brAhmaNoM ke anya kA mata hai ki sukha-duHkha kA bhoga manuSya ke satpramANabhUta granthoM ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnate / prasata karmoM para nirbhara karatA hai| jainadharma meM mahattvapUrNa pArthakya kI bAta to yaha hai ki jainadharma dharmadravya, guNasthAna, mArgaNA Adi aneka tatva ke dhArmika tatva aura unakI sAraNi spaSTa aura aise haiM, jo hindudharma meM nahIM haiN| jainanyAya meM nizcita hai, kintu hindU-dharma meM paraspara-virodhI syAdvAda, naya, nikSepa Adi bahuta-se tatva aise aneka siddhAnta haiM : 'vedA vibhinnAH zrutiyoM haiM, jo janetara nyAya meM nahIM hai| kintu, itane vibhinnA naiko muniryasya vaca: pramANam / ' isake bhedoM ke rahate hae bhI donoM dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM meM atirikta, vaidika Izvara ko jaganniyAmaka mAnate sAMskRtika dRSTi se adbhuta ekarUpatA parilakSita haiM, kintu jaina nahIM mAnate / hindU-dharmavAle yuga-yuga hotI hai / saca aura jhUTha OM zrI motIlAla surAnA, indaura eka dina saca aura jhUTha kA AmanA sAmanA ho gyaa| saca ne muha phera liyA to jhUTha bolA, maiM tujhase bar3A hUM, merI tarapha dekha / yaha suna saca Azcarya se dekhane lagA usakI ora / taba jhUTha bolA- maiM yadi na hoU to terA astitva bhI khatare meM par3a jAya / tujhe koI pahacAne nhiiN| jhUTha kI isa bAta para saca ko ha~sI A gyii| socane lagA-saca ! Akhira jhUThe ne bhI eka bAra to saca kA AsarA liyaa| 1-66 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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zAstroM meM mokSamArga kA kathana do prakAra se kiyA gayA hai eka nizcaya mokSamArga tathA dUsarA vyavahAra mokSamArga (vyavahAra mokSamArga sAdhana hai aura nizcaya sAdhya) kavivara daulatarAmajI ne chahar3hAtA meM kahA hai-'jo satyAratha rUpa su nizcaya, kArana so vavahAro' / vyavahAra nizcaya kA kAraNa hai to kArya ke lie kAraNa kI upekSA kaise kI jA sakatI hai| paM. pravara prAzAdharajI ne anagAradharmAmRta meM kahA hai ki vyavahAra aura nizcaya ko mata chodd'| inameM se eka ke bhI prabhAva meM dharmatIrtha kA prabhAva ho jaaygaa| puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM bhI aisA hI kahA hai| 4the guNasthAna se lekara antima guraNasthAna taka kI sArI kriyA vyavahAra hai / kalakatte jAne vAle ko sArA rAstA pAra karanA hI par3egA, (binA rAstA pAra kie kalakatte pahuMca hI nahIM sakatA / isI prakAra binA vyavahAra ke nizcaya ko prApti nahIM ho sakatI / hAM vyavahAra ko hI lakSya mAnane vAlA unnati nahIM kara sakatA, apane lakSya mukti ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| --pra0 sampAdaka vyavahAra naya kI upayogitA * paM. gulAbacandajI jainadarzanAcArya, jayapura jainAgama meM vastu svarUpa ko jAnane ke liye ko grahaNa karatA hai / zuddha dravya kI prApti nizcaya pramANa naya aura nikSepa kA mAdhyama batAyA gayA ke pravalambana se hotI hai kintu jaba taka usakI hai / tattvArthasUtra meM isI kI puSTi meM kahA hai prApti na ho vyavahAra kA pAlambana lenA par3atA 'pramANanayairadhigamaH" arthAt pramANa aura naya se hai| samyagdarzanAdi kA adhigama hotA hai| "nAmasthApanA - zuddhajJAyaka tattva prAtmA ko darzana, jJAna aura dravyabhAvatastatryAsa." arthAt nAmAdika se loka cAritramaya batAnA bhI vyavahAra naya kA vacana hai vyavahAra hotA hai / pramANa vastu ke pUrNa svarUpa ko jabaki nizcaya se zuddha jJAyaka hI prAtmA ko mAnA batAtA hai jabaki naya usake eka deza kA vivecana hai - karatA hai / naya ke nAnA bhedoM meM do bheda pramukha haiM vavahAreNuvadissai gANissa carittadaMsaraNaM eka dravyArthika paura dUsarA paryAyAthika / adhyAtma nnaarnn| bhASA meM inhIM ko nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI saMjJA gaviNANaM gA carittaM Na daMsaraNaM jAgo se vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya vastu ke nija suddho|| svarUpa ko sAdhatA hai aura vyavahAra bheda karake vastu (samayasAra gAthA 7) mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-67

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aisA kahane ke bAvajUda bhI prAcArya kudakuda gANaM prappA savvaM jamhA suyakevalI tamhA / / vyavahAra naya ke kAyala hokara likhate haiM samayasAra 9, 10 jaha Navi sakka maraNajjo aNajjabhAsa viNA u jo viSaya RSIzvaroM ke vicArane kA hai vaha gaaheuN| prAja sAdhAraNa ajJAnI jana ke vicArane kA viSaya taha vavahAreNa viNA paramatthuvaesaraNa mskk|| ho gyaa| RSIzvara saMsAra se Upara uThe hue haiM dRDha (samayasAra 8) (jaise anArya bhASA ke binA kisI bhI vastu zraddhAna jJAna aura prAcAraNa meM raMge page haiM nIcI avasthA chor3a kara UcI avasthA meM vicarane vAle kA svarUpa grahaNa karane ke liye koI samartha nahIM hai usI prakAra vyavahAra ke binA paramArtha kA haiM - azubha ko to sarvathA chor3a hI cuke haiM zuddha meM upadeza denA prazakya hai| vizeSa TikAva na hone se hI zubha meM pAte haiM kintu ve bhI jhUle kI hiloramAtra / ve avazya vyavahAra isase spaSTa hai ki jaba taka jIva saMsAra meM ko heya, abhUtArtha, prasatpArtha kaha sakate haiM kyoMki rahegA use vyavahAra kI zaraNa lenA pdd'egaa| isa antatogatvA unheM to nija pada pAne hetu para pada gAthA meM mleccha zabda saMsArI jIvoM ke liye kA tyAga karanA hI hai aura vaha unheM nizcaya kI samajhanA cAhie kyoMki jo saMsAra se Upara uTha zaraNa, yA yoM kahie eka mAtra apane prAtma dravya cuke haiM ve pavitra zuddha buddha niraMjana eka svarUpa evam TaMkotkIrNa haiM aura jo sasAra meM haiM ve azuddha, kI zaraNa lenI hI hai phira ve vyavahAra ko upAdeya kaise kaheMge ? para pAzcarya jo azubha meM race hue haiM ajJAnI, vinAzI tathA dInahIna haiM ata: mleccha ke samAna haiN| isameM yadi tarka kI koI guMjAiza hai to zuddha kI to bAta hI kyA zubha kI ora bhI najara mAtra zraddhAviSayaka pavitratA kI ho sakatI hai kintu nahIM kara sakate vyavahAra ko heya anAdaraNIya aura vaha bhI viraloM ke hissoM kI hI kahI jA sakatI abhUtArtha kahate haiN| jinake yahAM rAgadveSa, moha hai zeSa to saba samAna se hI haiN| mAtsarya asUyA tathA paraspara IrSyA dveSa ke bhaMDAra bhare haiM uttama khAnA, ujjvala pahananA jamIna ke vyavahAra ke binA nizcaya kA pattA nahIM adhara calanA jinako priya hai unako vyavahAra heya hilatA yaha kudakuda ke vacana haiM kintu vyavahAra nahIM kahanA caahiye| ko sarvathA heya kahane meM kucha vidvAn nahIM cUkate / maiM kahatA hUM ve kudakuda ko samajhe hI nhiiN| vyavahAra ko niMdya kahane vAle na tIna oMkAra prAcAya deva ne zruta ke mAdhyama sa aAtmatatva kA par3ha sakate haiM mora na paMcaparameSThI kI stuti hI kara jAnane vAle sampUrNa zru ta ke vettA ko zru ta kevalI sakate haiM pUjA abhiSeka dAna sammAna to unake liye kahA hai jo ki vyavahAra zru ta ke jariye hI isa aura bhI pare kI cIja hai| parAkASThA ko pahu~cA hai phira usa vyavahAra kA apalApa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? hama loga vyavahArI jIva haiN| hameM nizcaya kI jo hi sueNahigacchai appAraNamiNaM tu kevalaM akATya zraddhA rakhate hue uttama vyavahAra kI suddh| taM suyakevalimisiNo bharaNaMti loyppiivyraa|| bhUmikA nibhAnI cAhie yadi hama kiMcit bhI isa jo suyaNANaM savvaM jANai suyakevalI bhUmikA se cigate haiM to samajhiye hamane jinAgama tmaahujigaa| ko sparza hI nahIM kiyaa| 1-68 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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vyavahAra kA artha - jAtA hai vyavahAra hI jJAna karane aura prAcaraNa prAgama meM bheda ko vyavahAra kahA hai aura dUsarI karane ke lie zeSa rahatA hai| jaba yaha jIva baMdha bhASA meM kAraNa meM kArya ke upacAra ko bhI vyavahAra aura bandha ke kAraNoM ko mAnegA taba unase chUTane kahA hai| jahAM vastu ko yathArtha rUpa se samajhanA ho kA upAya karegA / jainAgama meM saupAya mukti ko hI vahAM nizcaya kA sahArA lenA hogA kintu usako mAnA hai nirupAya ko nahIM aura yaha saba vyavahAra samajha kara jIvana meM utAranA hogA vahAM vyavahAra pavAra mArga kA anusaraNa karane para hI saMbhava hai / tattva kA sahArA kAma praayegaa| jaise prAtmatatva kI zraddhA athavA bheda vijJAna ke binA to jaina darzana meM prApti hetu bandhana mukti nizcaya se zraddhAna kA sthAna hI nahIM diyA jAtA usake hone ke pazcAt viSaya hai kintu vaha kaise prApta ho isake liye AcaraNa karanA, hiMsAdi pApoM se dUra rahanA,krodhAdi upAya Avazyaka hai| samayasAra ke mokSa dvAra meM kaSAya se chUTanA, saMyama dhAraNa karanA, indriyoM para kahA hai-ki jaise baMdhanoM se baMdhA hA puruSa baMdhoM vijaya pAnA, satkArya karanA, apane pApa ko pAne ke kA vicAra karane se mukti ko prApta nahIM upAya rUpa dhyAnAdhyayana karanA aNuvrata mahAvrata karatA isI prakAra jIva bhI bandhoM kA vicAra agAkAra karanA ye saba vyavahAra mAkSa mAga hai| karane se mokSa ko prApta nahIM hotA isI ke sahAre hama jIvana yApana karate hue apane (gAthA 292) / yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to Apa ko tathA anya ko lAbhAnvita kara sakate haiM nizcaya se prAtmA nibaMdha hai vyavahAra se hI baMdhA hameM isa mArga ko nahIM chor3anA cAhie / vyavahAra hai aura upAya karane se hI mukta hogA yaha baMdha aura hI jIvana kI saphalatA kI adbhuta kujI hai / hamAre usase chUTane ke sAre upakrama vyavahAra gabhita haiM prataH liye nizcaya mAtra zraddhAna kA viSaya hai / ho sakatA isako nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| hai vaha hamArI bhUmikA se Upara kI bhUmikA ke lie paramapayogI ho kintu hama jaise gRhasthoM ke lie vastu prarUpaNA vyavahAra ke mAdhyama se hotI hai to vyavahAra hI upAdeya hai / usake sahAre ke binA ho hI nahIM sktii| isa . prarUpae ke kAraNa hI dravyaliMga aura bhAvaliMga kI paM0 banArasIdAsa ne kahA haicarcA kI jAtI hai / dravyaliMga meM muniliMga aura vastu svarUpa vicArateM zaraNa prApako usakA upAsaka gRhIliMga mokSamArga kahA gayA hai praap| kintu nizcaya se donoM liMga hI mokSamArga meM nahIM vyavahArepana parama gurU pravara sakala batalAye / nizcaya to mAtra zraddhA kA viSaya raha saMtApa // * * mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71 1-69

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* janma maMgala gIta : - DA0 bar3akula DI0 ela0 jaina 'dhavala', barelI zaci rambhA gAve gIta, janma kI paribhASA ||ttek|| bhayo-bhayo re, vIra avatAra, mudita trisalA rAnI / ati pulakita nRpa siddhArtha, sunI jaba yaha bAnI // Aye catunikAI deva, harSa kA thA vAsA / zaci. // 1 // bhaye camatkAra bahu bhAMti, cakita dekheM prAnI / sammohita rati-anaMga, nRtya kI mana ThAnI // nAceM kinnari-gaMdharva, hRdaya ati ullAsA / / zaci. // 2 // indrAnI bali-bali jAya, runa-jhuna tAlI para / bAjeM naubata ramaNIka, utsava dvAre - para // sudhi bhUlo sakala jahAna, pUrNa bhaI mana prAsA ||shci.||3|| ika-jAdU sI muskAna, adhara mohaka rAtA / thI prAbhA divya mahAna, bhAskara visarAtA // sohalA gAveM keI nAri, 'dhavala' rocaka bhASA zaci / 4 / / 1-70 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 www.

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tIrthaMkara varddhamAna * upAdhyAya munizrI vidyAnandajI mahArAja videha deza sthita licchivi gaNatantra bhArata usakA mana-mandira eka divya pAloka se prakAzita kA prAcInatama gaNarAjya thaa| usake gaNapramukha ho utthaa| rAjA ceTaka the| unake eka atyanta saumya svabhAva indra ne garbhavatI mAtA kI sevA ke lie 56 vAlI triloka sundarI trizalA nAmaka kanyA thii| divya kumArI deviyAM bhejii| dhIre-dhIre vaha ghar3I usake zIla evaM saujanya ke kAraNa usakA nAma bhI prA pahuMcI jaba vizva ko ahiMsA kA parama priyakAriNI bhI thaa| rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI vizuddha mArga dikhalAne vAlA barddhamAna-mahAvIra trizalA apane nandyAvarta rAjaprAsAda meM vRSabhadeva IsA parva 598 siddhAthi saMvatsara caitra zuklA 13 aura pArasanAtha prAdi tIrtha karoM kI bhakti-pUjA (trayodazI) somavAra ko jananI ke garbha se avatarita karate hue atyanta sukhapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta kara rahe he| isa zUbha ghar3I para devatAoM ne naMdyAvarta the| IsA pUrva 566 kAla saMvatsara ASAr3ha zuklA rAjaprasAda tathA nagara para ratnoM kI varSA kI / 6 (chaTha) zukravAra ko priyakAriNI trizalA ne rAjya meM cAroM aura khuzahAlI chA gii| zasya rAtri meM solaha zubha svapna dekhe / prAtaH kAla vaha zyAmalA vasundharA kA anupama saundarya usakI atyanta prasanna hokara apane svAmI rAjA siddhArtha praphallatA ko vyakta kara rahA thaa| rAjaprAsAda meM ke pAsa pahuMcI tathA unase apane svapnoM kA phala bhI sukha aura zAnti kI abhivRddhi hone lgii| puuchaa| rAjA siddhArtha ne jyotiSa gaNanA evaM ise lakSya karake mAtA-pitA ne bAlaka kA nAma avavijJAna ke dvArA phala batAyA-"rAnI, tumhAre varddhamAna arthAta-satata vRddhi ko bar3hAne vAlAgarbha se eka mahAn putra kA janma hogA, jo prAtma varddhamAna rkhaa| kalyANa karate hue vizva kA mahAn kalyANa kregaa| tapta tAmratanu bhAtusama gAtra vaha hiMsA, caurya, asaMyama mAdi se saMtrasta mAnava yaha pUrvAcala pratyUSa pathika ko kalyANa kA zreyomArga pradarzita kregaa|" rAnI digambara patha ke unnAyaka kA mana praphullita ho utthaa| sahasA usake mukha se kRpayA hara leM mithyA timira / / hRdaya kI bAta phUTa par3I -- kyA maiM aise mahAn putra kI mAM banUgI ? rAnI trizalA ke hRdaya kamala bAlaka varddhamAna janma se hI mahAna tejasvI kI usa praphullatA kA anubhava kauna kara sakatA hai ? thaa| usake jIvana kI aneka mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAeM mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-71

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haiM / eka bAra ve vaTavRkSa ke nIce pATha rAjakumAroM gambhIratA ke sAtha pitA ke samakSa nivedana kiyAke sAtha khela rahe the| itane hI meM sagama nAmaka "pitAzrI isa nazvara jIvana ko amaratva kI deva ne unakI parIkSA lene ke vicAra se bhayaMkara sAdhanA meM lagAnA cAhatA huuN| maiM prAtmakalyANa sarSa unake pAsa chodd'aa| use dekha kara kucha rAja- karake mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA siddha karanA kumAra to bhAga gae kintu varddhamAna pravijita bhAva cAhatA huuN|" mAtA-pitA ke aneka vidha samajhAne se DaTe rhe| unhoMne usa bhayaMkara sarpa ko niDaratA. para bhI virakta mana vAle rAjakumAra kA mana pUrvaka pakar3a kara dUsarI ora chor3a diyaa| sagamadeva anurakta na bana sakA / kucha samaya bItane para rAjane yaha saba kucha dekha kara apanI vAstavikatA ko kumAra ke samakSa lokAntika deva upasthita hue| prakaTa kara unakI stuti kI aura unheM sIdhe kandhe rAjakumAra varddhamAna ekAnta meM vItarAga bhAva se para baiThAkara Anandamagna ho nAcane lgaa| varddhamAna tatvacintana kara rahe the| laukAntika devoM ne unase kumAra bAlapana se hI atirvAra evaM nirbhaya the / ve kahA-prabhu, Apa to saMsAra ke jIvoM kA uddhAra devakumAra aura rAjakumAroM ke sAtha vaTavRkSa ke karane ke lie utpanna hue haiN| Apa tapazcaryA ke nIce prAmalI krIDA kiyA karate the| dvArA kevalajJAna prApta kareM, karmoM kA kSaya karake kevalajJAna ke dvArA mokSapada ke adhikArI bneN| kumAra varddhamAna atyanta meghAvI the / eka bAra rAja kumAra ko apane jIvana ke lakSya kI smRti prA saMjayaMta aura vijayaMta muni unase kucha zaMkAnoM kA gii| devatAoM dvArA lAI gaI caMdraprabhA pAlakI meM samAdhAna prApta karane paae| kumAra varddhamAna jhUle baiThakara ve jJAtakhaNDa vana kI aura cala paDe / meM jhUla rahe the| donoM muniyoM kI zaMkAoM kA unhoMne IsA pUrva 569 sarvadhArI saMvatsara magazira nirasana unheM dUra se dekhakara ho ho gayA / ve muni ' kRSNA 10 (dazamI) somavAra ko digambara muni dvaya bahuta prasanna hue| unhoMne bAlaka vartamAna dIkSA lekara nirAvaraNa ho vana ke zAla vRkSa ke kA nAma sanmati rkhaa| isa prakAra abhivRddhi ko| nIce tapazcaryA prArambha kii| do dina pazcAt unhoMne prApta hote hue rAjakumAra vartamAna nandyAvarta prathama pAraNA (pAhAra) kUla grAma rAjA bakula ke rAjaprAsAda meM prAyaH ekAnta meM dhyAnamagna ho kara prAsAda meM kiyaa| prAtmacintana meM lIna dikhAI par3ate the| prApakI chAyA bhI vanitA sAdhvI caMdanA ko| jaba ve pUrNa yauvanAvasthA ko prApta hue to samyaka guNagaNa gaNanIya varddhamAna / / unakA sukomala dhavala zarIra kAnti se jagamagA sahaja liyA anuddiSTa piNDa dAna meM / uThA / kaliMga ke rAjA jitazatru ne apanI trilokasundarI suputrI yazodA ke sAtha rAjakumAra varddhamAna yaha niyama-yama zAzvata paripAlita the / ke vivAha kA prastAva rakhA / pitA siddhArtha ne bAraha varSa kA vaha kaThina tapazcaryA kA jIvana, suputra vaddhamAna ko samajhAyA-rAjakumAra aba tuma ghora vana aura bhayaMkara upasargoM ke bIca vaha kSINa paNaM yavA ho gae ho| rAjA jitazatru kA prastAva kaSAyI tIrthakara mahAvIra avicalita bane rhe| ve svIkAra karate hue rAjakumArI yazodA se vivAha sacce artha meM mahAvIra the| unhoMne apanA prathama karo aura gRhastha jIvana meM praveza karo tAki upadeza (dezanA) IsA pUrva 557, ko vipulAcala hamArI vaMza-vRkSa paramparA nirantara gatimAna rhe| parvata para diyaa| unakI vANI kevalajJAna hone ke rAjakumAra vartamAna ne atyaMta zAlInatA evaM 66 dina bAda prasphuTita huI, kyoki unakI dharmasabhA 1-72 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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meM gaNadhara kA prabhAva thaa| jaba vidvAn brAhmaNa gautama unake ziSya bana gae tabhI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI divya dhvani khirI (prasphuTita huI) / vizruta pramodha darzana suparva sarvAtizayinI divyadhvani mAnasapura meM mAnasarovara basa gaye meM saurabha-se / / sumana zrAtma-sukha kA prazoka vRkSa likha rahe gautama RSi kapilAoM kI kiraNAvaliyAM vIra dinakara parilakSita divya || rAjA bimbasAra (zreNika) unake samavazaraNa meM pradhAna zrotA banakara upasthita hotA thA / isake uparAnta tIsa varSa taka mahAvIra svAmI ne loka kalyANa ke hetu dharma - prabhAvanA kI dRSTi se uttara se dakSiNa pUrva se pazcima taka maMgala vihAra kiyA / jahAM bhI unakA samavazaraNa jAtA thA, dharmacakra zrAge-Age calatA thA / saba aura subhikSa chA jAtA thA aura pRthvI zasya zyAmalA banakara unakA svAgata karatI / prANImAtra ke lie unakA mahAn sandeza thA - jIzro zraura jIne do / kisI jIva ko kaSTa mata pahuMcA kyoMki vaha bhI tumhArI taraha zrAtmA se saMyukta hai / satyAcaraNa hI mAnava-jIvana ko ujjvala banAne vAlA hai / kisI ke dhana ke prati lolupa banakara usakI corI nahIM karanI caahie| zrAvazyakatA se adhika vastu kA saMgraha azAnti kA kAraNa hai / saMyama hamAre jIvana ko mahAn banAtA hai / zAntipriya loka vigrahI nAtha saritA sama pravAha anavaratasapta bhaMga bhrama jAla nivarttaka vIra anukUla prajAgaraNa saritA sI // mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 prAloka loka kA ratnadIpa triratnoM kA dIpaka praraNava jJAna dIpa sapta bhaMga razmi ananta patha anekAnta ke puMja // tIrtha Mkara mahAvIra ne siddhAnta rUpa meM anekAnta (syAdavAda) kA pratipAdana kiyaa| kyoMki yaha prAtmA anantadharmavAlI hai / jaba paramANu prananta guNa vAlA hai to? trailokyamUlya zrAtmA kA kyA kahanA ? usakA nirUpaNa bhalA ekAnta dRSTi se kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? isa prakAra mAnava ke kalyANa hetu dharma prabhAvanA karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tIsa varSa vyatIta kiye praura apane antima samaya meM malloM kI rAjadhAnI pAvAnagara pahuMce / vahAM unhoMne bahattara varSa kI avasthA meM mahAmaNizilAtale zukla sabhA bhavana ke udyAna ke eka maNDapa meM 48 ghaNTe yoganirodha karake IsA pUrva 527, kArtika kRSNA 30 pramAvasa maMgalavAra, 15 aktUbara ko nirvANa prApta kiyA / hastipa la sahita 18 gaNarAjyoM ke gaNamurUyoM ne dIpakoM kI paMkti sajAkara tIrtha kara mahAvIra kA nirvANotsava mnaayaa| isa mahAn utsava ko manAne ke lie unhoMne pRthvI aura prAkAza ko dIpakoM ke prakAza se Alokita kiyaa| usI dina se hamAre deza meM prati varSa pramAvasyA kRSNA 30, kArtika ko jhoMpar3I se lekara rAjamahala taka dIpAvalI kA mahAn parva dhUmadhAma se manAyA jAtA hai| tIrtha kara mahAvIra svAmI jJAna ke puMja the| unakI jJAna jyoti se samasta pRthvImaNDala prakAzita ho uThA / jJAna dIpa prasta ho gayA isakA pratIka jaina loga dIpaka jalAkara manAte haiM / Aja bhI hama dIpakoM ke prakAza meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI usI jJAna jyoti kA pratIka dIpaka jalAkara nirvANa parva evaM dIpAvalI manAte haiM / 1-73

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vizva ke kalyANa * zrI zarmanalAla jaina "sarasa" sakarAra vizva ke kalyANa mere, isa kalama kI vandanA lo, he ahiMsA prANa mere, isa vatana kI vandanA lo, [ eka ] timira hiMsA kA dharA se, gagana taka chAyA huA thA, bana gayA thA pazu mAnava, svarga akulAyA huA thA, mauna thI naMgI manujatA, adhama jaya pAne lage the, satya ke zava para nirantara, gIdha maMDarAne lage the, he vijaya abhiyAna mere, usa samaya kI vandanA lo, vizva ke kalyANa mere, isa vatana kI vandanA lo, usa samaya tumane sudhAkara, deza ko samvala diyA thA, dekha ati sAhasa tumhArA, niyati ko acaraja huaA thA, jaba cale tuma mahala tajakara, lAla trizalA ke dulAre, bane hiMsaka se ahiMsaka, jiMdagI ke kSaNa tumhAre, he amara utthAna mere, Aja mana kI vaMdanA lo, vizva ke kalyANa mere Aja mana kI vaMdanA lo, [ tIna ] he bRhata vairAgya jaba se, Apa zivapura ko padhAre, ho gayA hai yoga paMgu, bhoga ne phira kara pasAre, dAnavI vRti ne chInA, parama maMgala kA maharata, yaha mahI mahasUsa karatI, vIra kI phira se jarUrata, he jagata jalayAna, isa sevaka 'sarasa' kI arcanA lo, vizva ke kalyANa mere isa vatana kI vaMdanA lo, 1-74 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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prAtmA mukti prAdi ke sambandha meM prazna kiye jAne para bhagavAn buddha ne kahA thA ki unake bAre meM kahanA sArthaka nahIM kyoMki na to vaha mikSucaryA ke lie upayogI hai aura na nirvANa ke lie| yaha bauddha darzana Age calakara 1. sautAMtrika, 2. vaimAsika, 3. yogAcAra aura 4. mAdhyamika ina cAra paraspara virodhI darzanoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| mAdhyamika zAkhA ke pravartaka prasiddha zUnyavAdI vidvAn nAgArjuna the jo madhyamakArikA tathA vigrahavyAvatinI nAmaka graMthoM ke kartA IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke vidvAn the| jaina nyAyazAstriyoM ne isI zUnyavAda kA khaNDana apane vibhinna graMthoM meM kiyA hai| unhIM ko prAdhAra banAkara vidvAn lekhaka ne yaha nibaMdha prastuta kiyA hai| pra0 sampAdaka zUnyavAda samIkSA DA0 ramezacanda jaina, bijanaura mAdhyamika bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki yaha samasta isI prakAra samasta vastuoM ke doSoM kI jAnakArI jagat zUnya hai. pramANa aura prameya kA vibhAga svapna hone para rAgabhAva cirakAla taka nahIM ThaharatA hai| kI taraha hai / zanyatA darzana se hI mukti hotI hai, eka hI padArtha meM koI rAga karatA hai, usI meM koI anya samasta kSaNikatvAdi bhAvanAyeM zUnyatA ke dveSa karatA hai, usI meM koI mohita hotA hai prataH poSaNa ke lie hI haiM / 'bhAva, prabhAva, bhAvAbhAva viSaya kI icchA nirarthaka hai| kalpanA ke binA tathA anubhaya ina cAra koTiyoM se vilakSaNa tattva rAgAdi bhAvoM kA astitva nahIM hotA hai| yadi ho zanya hai| buddhi se vivecita kie jAne para padArthoM kA astitva hotA to kalpanA kI prAvapadArthoM ke svabhAva kA avadhAraNa nahIM hotA prataH ve zyakatA hI nahIM thii|10 bhava kA bIja vijJAna hai anabhilApya aura niHsvabhAva haiN| isa saMsAra meM jo aura gocara padArtha usake viSaya haiN| padArtha ke nara paza-pakSI ghaTa-paTa prAdi padArthoM kA pratibhAsa nairAtmya svabhAva ko samajha lene para bhavabIja niruddha hotA hai, vaha saba mithyA hai| bhrAnti se hI vaisA ho jAtA hai|11 pratibhAsita hotA hai, jisa prakAra svapna athavA indrajAla meM hAthI Adi kA mithyA pratibhAsa hotA isa prakAra mAdhyamika bauddhoM kA abhiprAya hai hai| sabhI gocara vastuyeM pratibimba ke samAna haiN| ki hamArA vijJAna aura usake viSayIbhUta vAhya yaha bhI nizcaya nahIM ki ina pralIka padArthoM kA padArtha na to pUrNa rUpa se vAstavika aura na pUrNa kahAM se udagama aura kahAM laya hotA hai / yathArtha rUpa se kAlpanika hI haiN| mAdhyamika zabda madhyama meM jagata kI na koI utpatti hotI hai aura na se banatA hai| madhyama bIca ko kahate haiN| donoM vinAza hI hotA hai / jisa prakAra pratikUla anta ke siddhAntoM ko chor3ane ke kAraNa yaha vyaktiyoM meM sneha bhAva cirakAla taka nahIM ThaharatA, mAdhyamika kahalAtA hai arthAt yaha na to sarvAsti mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-75

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'vAdI hI hai aura na sabake astitva kA niSedha hI nahIM / yadi ukta siddhAnta ke samarthana meM koI pramANa karatA hai kintu isane eka-eka bIca kA mArga vidyamAna nahIM hai taba to yaha siddhAnta ThIka nahIM cunA 112 nAgArjuna kI mAdhyamika kArikA ke aura yadi isa siddhAnta ke samarthana meM koI pramANa anusAra zUnyatA hI parama hai| sasAra aura nirvANa vidyamAna hai to saba kucha zUnya kase kahA jA sakatA yA zUnyatA meM koI antara nahIM hai| zUnyatA yA hai ? 14 prAcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai-anyavAdI paramasattA upaniSadoM ke nirguNa buddha ke samAna hai| to pramANAdi ko mAnate haiM, isalie apane siddhAntoM isa meM na to prArambha hai, na anta hai, na ciratA hai, ko siddha kara sakate haiM, parantu zUnyavAdI una parana praciratA hai, na ekatA hai, na anekatA hai, na vAdiyoM ke samAna apane zUnyavAda ko siddha andara AnA hai, na bAhara jaanaa| sArataH kevala nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki jisase siddhi anArambhamAtra hai jo zUnyatA kA paryAyavAcI hai| ho sakatI hai aise pramANAdi ko yaha jhUThA anyatra bhI vaha likhate haiM ki pratItyasamutpAda mAnatA hai / yadi zUnya vAdI pramANa kA hI zUnyatA hai| zUnyatA prArambha kA ullekha karate Azraya lekara apane siddhAnta kI siddhi kare to hue bhI mukhyataH vaha madhyama mArga hai jo astitva isakA zUnyatAmaya siddhAnta koSa karane lgegaa| aura anastitla ke do paraspara virodhI choroM se kyoki pramANa kA Azraya lene se pramANa padArtha dUra hai| zUnyatA vastuoM kA sApekSa astitva siddha ho jAtA hai isalie zUnyatA nahIM raha sakatI hai yA eka prakAra kI sApekSatA hai| pro0 hai| he bhagavan ! aApake mata ke sAtha IrSyA rakhakara rAdhAkRSNan ke zabdoM meM zUnyatA kA artha mAdhya- apane nae-nae matoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAloM ne kyA? mikoM ke anusAra sampUrNa aura parama astitvahInatA acchA kahA hai, arthAta aisA nirUpaNa kyiA jisakA nahIM hai, parantu sApekSa sattA hai| mAdhyamikoM ke siddha honA hI kaThina hai / 15 tatvajJAna meM zanyatA kI pradhAnatA hai, ataH use bauddha : zUnyatA samarthaka pramANa se atirikta zUnyavAda kahate haiN| mAdhyamika kArikA meM do prakAra zeSa saba kucha zUnya rUpa hai| ke satyoM kA ullekha hai (1) saMvRti aura ( ) . jaina : taba to pramANa kI sahAyatA se zikSita paramArtha / saMvRti kA artha vaha prajJAna athavA bhrAnti kiyA jAne vAlA vyakti bhI zUnyarUpa huA aura hai jo vastu jagat ko ghere hue haiM aura mithyAbhAsa usakI zikSA para vyaya kiyA gayA zrama vyartha paidA karatI hai| paramArtha kA artha hai ki sAMsArika gyaa|18 vastuyeM eka bhrAnti yA pratidhvani kI bhAMti bauddha : ukta rUpa se zikSita kiyA jAne vAlA astitvabharI hai| paramArtha satya saMvRti satya ko vyakti bhI azUnya rUpa hai / pAe binA nahIM ho sktaa| saMvRti satya sAdhana hai jaina : taba to Apake na cAhane para bhI anekoM to paramArtha satya sAdhya / isa prakAra se sApekSa vastuyeM prazUnya rUpa siddha ho gaI kyoMki prazna karane dRSTikoNa se pratItya samutpAda sAMsArika ghaTanAoM vAle vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA aneka ho sakatI hai / 17 kA artha de sakatA hai, parantu paramArtha dRSTi se saba bauddha : ve sabhI vyakti jo zUnyatA samarthaka samaya meM anArambha hI nirvANa yA zUnyatA hai|13 pramANa ko svIkAra karate haiM tathA ve sabhI vyakti uttara pakSa-(1) zUnyatA samarthaka pramANa hai jinheM zUnyatA viSayaka zikSA dI jA rahI hai, yA nahIM ? mAdhyamikoM ke zUnyavAda siddhAnta para astitvazIla haiN| anyavAdiyoM ko prApatti hai| ve pUchate haiM ki zUnya- jaina : hama kaha hI cuke haiM ki aisA mAnane para vAda ke samarthana meM koI pramANa vidyamAna hai athavA to aneka vastuyeM prazUnya siddha ho gii| 8 zUnyavAdI 1-76 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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jo zUnyavAda kA upadeza karatA hai vaha apane Agama hotA to kadAcit hI na honA cAhie; kintu sadA ke kathanAnusAra hI karatA hai, isalie usane apane hI hote rahanA cAhie; kyoMki jisa prAtmA meM yaha prAgama meM satyatA svIkAra kara hI lI ataH zUnyatA utpanna hotA hai vaha sadA vidyamAna rahatA hai / jo kI siddhi kaise ho sakatI hai ? dUsarI bAta yaha hai jJAna kadAcit hI hotA hai sadA nahIM hotA hai vaha ki pramANa siddhi prameya ke binA nahIM ho sakatI jJAna kadAcit utpanna hone vAle kAraNoM se hI isalie zUnyavAdI pramANa ko nahIM mAne to prameya utpanna humA dekhA jA sakatA hai| jaise bijalI kA padArtha bhI siddha nahIM ho sakate haiM / yadi prameya kucha jJAna / isa prakAra pratyakSa se prAtmA kI siddhi honA haiM nahIM to zUnyavAda kI siddhi ke lie adhika asambhava hai; kyoMki jo prAtmA ke sAtha kabhI pralApa karanA vyartha hai, mauna dhAraNa hI zreyaskara hai; bichur3atA na ho, kintu sadA sAtha hI milatA to kyoMki zUnyavAda bhI eka prakAra kA prameya hai|19 aisA koI hetu dikhAI nahIM detA hai| prAgama paraspara virodhI haiM ataH unameM koI pramANatA nahIM hai| eka bauddhoM dvArA pramAtA, prameya prAdi kI prasiddhi : zAstra padArtha ko jisa prakAra siddha karatA hai. usa bauddha : pramAtA prameya, pramANa tathA pramiti ye padArtha ko dUsarA zAstra usase anyathA siddha karatA cAra tatva jo anyavAdiyoM ne kalpita kie haiM ve karatA hai / isa prakAra jaba zAstroM meM svayaM pramANatA sarvathA jhUTha haiM; kyoki vicAra karane para jaise gadhe ke nahIM hai to ve dUsare padArthoM kA nizcaya kase karA sIMga kisI prakAra siddha nahIM hote usI prakAra ye sakate haiM ? isa prakAra pramAtA nahIM hai / cAroM tatva bhI siddha nahIM hote / pramAtA nAma prAtmA kA hai parantu isa prAtmA kA kisI pramANa vAhya padArtha prameya kahe jAte haiM / unakA khaNDana dvArA jJAna na hone se yathArtha meM kucha nhiiN| pratyakSa pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| sva aura para ke avabhAsaka se to prAtmA jAnA hI nahIM jA sakatA; kyoMki jJAna ko pramANa kahate haiN| jaba prameya hI nahIM hai indriyAM kevala rUpa, rasa, gadha aura spazaM vAle to pramANa kisakA grAhaka hogA ? kyoMki usakA padArthoM ko hI jAna sakatI haiN| prAtmA meM rUpa, koI viSaya hI nahIM rhegaa| yadi prameya tathA pramANa rasa, gaMdha, sparza nahIM hai ataH padArtha ko nahIM jAna mAne bhI jAya to kyA jaba padArtha utpanna hotA hai, sakatI haiN| usI samaya pramANa usako jAnatA hai athavA kisI prazna : prAtmA ke prAzraya se hone vAle ahakAra dUsare samaya ? prathama pakSa svIkAra karane para tIna loka ke sabhI padArtha usa jJAna meM pratibhAsita honA kA mAnasa pratyakSa hone se prAtmA kA mAnasa pratyakSa siddha hai| cAhie; kyoMki samakAlIna hone se jisa padArtha ko jisa samaya meM jisa prakAra kA jo jJAna jAnatA uttara : prAtmA kA mAnasa pratyakSa bhI siddha hai usI prakAra aura bhI padArtha jo usI samaya nahIM hotA; kyoMki maiM gorA hU~, maiM kAlA hUM isa utpanna hote haiM ve saba usa jJAna ke samakAlIna haiM / prakAra kA ahakAra hotA hai vaha zarIra kA prAzraya yadi kaho ki padArtha utpanna hone ke anantara pramAraNa lekara bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai| jisa dharma kA usa padArtha ko jAnatA hai to prazna hai ki vaha jJAna jisake sAtha sambandha mAnA jAtA hai usake atirikta nirAkAra hai athavA sAkAra ? yadi vaha nirAkAra kisI dUsare padArtha ke sAtha bhI usakA sambandha yadi hI hai to jisakA kucha prAkAra hI nahIM usa jJAna meM raha sakatA ho to usa dharma ko hetu mAnanA vyabhi- pratyeka padArtha kA nizcaya honA kaThina hai| yadi cArI hai| yadi prahakAra kA jJAna prAtmA meM hI vaha kisI prAkAra sahita hai to vaha jJAna kA prAkAra mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-77

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usa jJAna se koI bhinna vastu hai prathavA abhinna ? sAkAra-jJAnarUpa aura anAkAra-darzanarUpa paryAyoM meM yadi abhinna hai to vaha jJAna hI hai isalie jJAna ke se koI na koI paryAya prAtmA meM sadA hotI rahatI atirikta koI bhinna svarUpa prAkAra ke na hone se hai| ahaMkAra bhI eka prakAra kA jJAnarUpa upayoga nirAkAra pakSa kA doSa yahAM bhI pA sakatA hai aura hai| prAtmA meM baMdhe hae karmoM meM se jisa samaya jaise yadi prAkAra jJAna ke atirikta koI bhinna vastu hai jJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSaya tathA anudaya hotA hai vaisA to vaha prAkAra caitanyasvarUpa hai yA jar3asvarUpa ? hI indriya, mana tathA prakAzAdi ke sahAre prAtmA yadi caitanyasvarUpa hai to jisa prakAra jJAna jisa meM jJAna utpanna hotA hai prata: AtmA meM jJAnotpatti padArtha ko jAnatA hai usI prakAra yaha jJAna kA kI zakti sadA rahane para bhI jJAna utpanna hone meM prAkAra bhI usa padArtha ko jAnatA hogA aisA cUki aneka kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai ataH mAnanA caahie| taba vaha yaha prAkAra bhI svayaM una saba kAraNoM ke milane para hI jJAna prakaTa ho kisI dUsare prAkAra sahita hai athavA nirAkAra hai ? sakatA hai, sadaiva nhiiN| jaise bIja meM aMkura utpanna isa prakAra yahAM anavasthA doSa pAtA hai / isa prakAra karane kI zakti yadyapi sadA vidyamAna hai to bhI pramANa hI jaba siddha nahIM hotA to pramANa ke phala- aMkura kI utpatti tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba utpatra svarUpa pramiti kaise siddha ho sakatI hai ? ataH hone yogya miTTI, pAnI prAdi saba kAraNa ekatrita zUnyatA hI parama tattva hai| ho jaay| isase bIja meM aMkara utpanna karane kI zakti ko kadAcita nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki zakti jainoM dvArA pramAtA Adi kI siddhi --- zUnya dravya kI apekSA nitya hai| isI prakAra sadaiva vAdI ne jo yaha kahA ki pramAtA prAtmA kI siddhi vidyamAna rahane para bhI ahaMpratyaya (maiM hU~ aisA jJAna) pratyakSa jJAna se nahIM hai; kyoMki prAtmA indriya kabhI-kabhI hotA hai| prAtmA kA jJAna karAne vAlA gocara nahIM hai. yaha kahanA hameM bhI iSTa hai, parantu eka bhI aisA hetu nahIM milatA hai jo prAtmA ke maiM sukhI hU~, maiM duHkhI hU~, isa prakAra ke mAnasa binA na raha sakatA ho, yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM pratyakSa kA honA asabhava mAnA hai, vaha prasiddha hai; hai; kyoMki aise aneka hetu haiM jo prAtmA ke pratikyoMki maiM sukhI hU~, maiM duHkhI hUM aisA antaraGga ko rikta kahIM raha bhI nahIM sakate / jaise-rUpAdi viSaya karane vAlA jJAna prAtmA meM hI ho sakatA hai| kI upalabdhi kA koI kartA hai; kyoMki rUpAdi kI sukhA di kA anubhava aAdhAra ke binA nahIM ho sakatA upalabdhi kriyA hai| jaise chedana kriyA binA kisI hai| yaha sukha hai yaha jJAna ghaTATi ke samAna vAhya kartA ke nahIM ho sakatI hai| rUpAdi kI upalabdhi mAlUma nahIM par3atA hai / maiM sukhI hU~ isa prakAra kA kA jo kartA hai vaha prAtmA hai| cakSurAdi indriyA~ jJAna prAtmA kA prakAzaka hai / maiM gorA hU~, maiM kAlA kartA nahIM haiN| kyoMki ve karaNa hone ke kAraNa parahaiM ityAdi zarIra ko mAnane vAlA jo jJAna hotA hai tantra haiN| paudgalika hone, acetana hone, dUsare ke vaha prayojana ke vaza zarIra meM Aropita kiyA dvArA prerita hone tathA prayoktA ke vyApAra se jAtA hai; kyoMki prAtmA ke sukha dukha hone meM . 'nirapekSa pravRtti na kara pAne ke kAraNa ina indriyoM zarIra sahakArI hai| prAtmA ke ahaMkAra rUpa dharma kA karaNa honA siddha hai| yadi indriyA~ kartA ho kA zarIra meM vaise hI AroparaNa hotA hai jaise kisI to una indriyoM ke vinaSTa hone para pahale kI naukara ko yaha kahanA ki yaha judA nahIM hai| anubhUta smRti se maiMne dekhA thA, maine chupA thA, maiMne __ ahaM kI anubhUti kabhI-kabhI hone kA kAraNa sunA thA isa prakAra kA jJAna nahIM honA caahie| yaha hai ki prAtmA kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| usakI indriyoM kA apanA-apanA viSaya niyata hai ataH 1-78 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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rUpa aura rasa kI sAhacarya pratIti karAne kI unameM jisa svabhAva kI vRddhi kucha kucha hoto rahatI sAmarthya nahIM hai parantu rUpa rasAdi aneka viSayoM kA hai usakI kahIM pUrNavRddhi ho jAnA bhI sambhava hai| anubhava koI na koI pravazya karatA hai, nahIM to isI niyama ke anusAra jJAnaguNa kI vRddhi bhI jo prAma ke dekhane ke anantara jIbha para pAnI kyoM prA uttarottara eka dUsare se adhika hotI huI dikhAI jAtA ? prataH gavAkSagata prekSaka ke samAna samasta detI hai vaha kisI jIva meM sarvokRSTa ho sakatI indriyoM tathA mana meM rahakara preraNA karane vAlA hai| jaise AkAza ko nApane para bar3hatA huA dikhAI indriyoM ke atirikta koI dUsarA padArtha bhI hai| detA hai parantu isakI bhI vRddhi sarvotkRSTa hai / kevala. isa prakAra indriyAM karaNa huI aura inako jo jJAna honA isa anumAna se siddha hai / 5 anya bhI preraNA detA hai vaha prAtmA siddha huprA 121 isI kaI anumAna haiM jaise sUkSma, antarita aura dUraprakAra ke anya udAharaNa syAdvAda maMjarIkAra vartI padArtha kisI ke pratyakSa haiM; kyoMki ve anumeya prAcArya malliSeNa ne die haiM, jinase prAtmA kI haiN| jaise parvata kI guphA kI agni pratyakSa hone para siddhi hotI hai / 23 bhI usakI siddhi anumAna se hotI hai / 28 isI prakAra candragrahaNa, sUryagrahaNa prAdi bhaviSyat viSayoM Agama vahI apramANa haiM jo paraspara viruddha ko satya jatAne vAle jyotiSazAstra ko jAnatA hai artha kahate hoN| jo prAptapraNIta Agama hai vaha vaha grahaNa par3ane Adi kI bhaviSyavANI pahale hI pramANa hI hai / prAptakathita zAstroM meM jIvahiMsA, kara detA hai| isa prakAra sarvajJa prApta ke dvArA cheda tathA tApa ityAdi duSkarmoM kA niSedha hai prataH praNIta pAgama pramANa hI hai / zAstra ve hI ve vizuddha haiN| rAgAdi doSa jisake naSTa ho gae apramANa hote haiM, jinake praNetA nirdoSa na ho| hoM vaha prApta hai, aisA prApta honA prasambhava nahIM kahA bhI hairAga, dveSa athavA mohavaza jhUTha bolA hai / rAgAdi kisI jIva meM atyanta naSTa ho jAte jAtA hai| jisake ye doSa nahIM rahe vaha jhUTha kyoM haiM jaise hama logoM ke rAgAdi kA uccheda, prakarSa bolegA ? hamAre zAstra praNetA to karmoM kA nAza aura apakarSa dekhA jAtA hai, athavA jaise sUrya ke hone se doSarahita ho cuke haiN| aise nirdoSa zAstroM prakAza ko rokane vAle meghasamUha kI kahIM hInA - meM 'prAtmA akelA hai' ityAdi vacanoM se prAgama dhikatA dekhI jAtI hai ataH unakA kahIM nAza bhI pramANa dvArA jIva dravya kI siddhi hotI hai / 27 ho jAtA hai| jisa jIva ke rAgAdi doSa sarvathA jina vAhya viSayoM ko jJAna jAnatA hai, unakI vilIna ho gae hoM vahI sarvajJa prApta bhagavAn hai| siddhi pahale hI kI jA cukI hai| jo yaha prazna prazna-rAgAdi anAdi haiM unakA kSaya se do kiyA thA ki jina padArthoM ko jAnanA ho unake sAtha hI unako jAnane vAlA jJAna utpanna sakatA hai ? hotA hai yA unake bAda / isakA uttara yaha hai ki uttara - prApakA yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| hama logoM kA pratyakSa to jo vidyamAna hoM unhIM upAya se aisA ho sakatA hai| anAdikAlIna ko jAna sakatA hai aura smaraNa bItI huI vastu ko svaNaMmala kA suhAgA, agni prAdi kA puTa dekara hI jAna sakatA hai / parantu zabda aura anumAna tInoM kSaya kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra anAdi kAla se kAla ke padArthoM ko jAna sakate haiN| ye donoM jJAna lage hue jIva ke rAgAdi doSoM kA nAza bhI unake yadyapi nirAkAra haiM to bhI prativyApti doSa nahIM pratipakSI rasnatraya ke abhyAsa se ho jAtA hai / doSa hai| padArtha kA nizcaya isa prakAra hotA hai ki jJAna kSINa hone para kevalajJAna ho jAtA hai / kisI bhI samaya ho parantu usI padArtha ko jAna mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-79

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sakatA hai jisake jJAna ko rokane vAlA jJAnAvaraNa karma tathA vIryAntarAya karma kucha naSTa ho gayA ho / isake atirikta jo zaMkA yeM haiM ve viDambanA mAtra hai / pramANa kA phala pramiti hai / pramiti kA anubhava svayameva hotA hai / jisa vastu kA svayameva anubhava ho sakatA hai usakA upadeza se karAnA vyartha hai / pramAraNa ke phala do prakAra ke haiM pahalA sAkSAt aura dUsarA paramparA se utpanna hone vAlA / inameM se kisI padArtha sambandhI prajJAna kA nAza ho jAnA pramANa kA sAkSAt phala hai / kevalajJAna kA paramparA phala saMsAra se udAsInatA honA hai prora 1. haribhadraH SaDdarzana samuccaya pR0 74 2. na sannAsanta sadasanna cApyanubhavAtmakam / . catuSkoTivinirmuktaM tattvaM mAdhyamikA: viduH // 3. buddhyA vivecyamAnAnAM svabhAvonAvadhAryate / tasmAdabhilApyAste ni svabhAvena dezitA: " 4. zUnyameva jargAdvanazvaramidaM mithyAvabhAsake / bhAnteH svapnendra jAlAdI hastyAdi pratibhAsavat // 5. yadanya sannivAne na dRSTaM tadabhAvata / pratibimba sametasmin kRtrime satyatA katham 6. vahI 9/144 7. evaM ca na nirodho'sti na ca bhAvo'sti sarvadA / prajAtamaniruddha ca tasmAt sarvamidaM jagat // 12 13. zeSa alpajJAniyoM ke pratyeka jJAna kA paramparA phala dRSTAniSTa padArthoM meM grahaNa tathA tyAga kI buddhi utpanna honA hai tathA mAdhyastha padArtha meM madhyastha ho jAnA paramparAphala hai| isa prakAra pramAtA, pramANa, prameya aura pramiti cAroM siddha ho gae 1 28 ataH na to padArtha sat rUpa hI hai, na asat rUpa hI hai, na sat zrasat donoM rUpa hai aura sat prasat ke abhAvarUpa hai; kintu ina cAroM se alaga koI vilakSaNa tatva hai. yaha kathana unmatta kathana jaisA hai 129 1-80 nAgArjuna : mAdhyamika kArikA 17 8. nareSu pratikUleSu ciraM sneho na tiSThati / evaM sarvatra doSajJe ciraM rAgo na tiSThati / / 9. tatraiva rajyate kazcit kazcittatraiva duSyati / kaJcinmuhyati tatraiva tasmAt kAmo nirarthakaH // 10. binA kalpanayAstitvaM rAgAdInAM na vidyate / bhUtArthaM kalpanAceti ko grahISyati buddhimAn || 11. bIjaM bhavasya vijJAnaM viSayAstasya gocarAH / dRSTe viSaya nairAtmye bhavabIjaM nirudhyate // prAcAryaH candrazekhara zAstrI : nyAyabindu mAla vArSika aMka disambara 1956 (bauddha dharma ke 2500 ) varSa pR0 85, 86 laGkAvatAra sUtra jinasena zrAdipurANa 5 / 45 - bodhicaryAvatAra 9 / 145 - bodhicaryAvatAra 9 / 150 zrAryadevaH catuH zataka 8 / 1 -vahI 8/2 - vahI 8/3 -vahI 14 / 25 - bhUmikA pR0 5 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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14. haribhadraH zAstravArtA samuccaya 470, 471 15. vinA pramANaM paravannazUnyaH svapakSasiddhaH padamaznuvIta / kupyetkRtAntaH spRzate pramANa maho sudRSTaM tvadasUyidRSTam / / malliSeNaH syAdvAda maMjarI 11 16. ukta vihAya mAnaM cecchUnyatA'nyasya vastunaH / zUnyatve pratipAdyasya nanu vyarthaH parizramaH / / zAstravArtA samuccaya 473 17. vahI 474 18. vahI 475 19. kiM ca svAmopadezenaiva tena vAdinaH zUnyavAdaH prarUpyate itiH svIkRtamAgamasya prAmANyamiti kutastasya svapakSa siddhiH ? pramANamaGgIkararamAt ! ki ca pramANaM prameyaM vinA na bhavatIti pramANA'naGgIkaraNe prameyamapi vizIrNam / tatazcAsya mUkataiva yuktA na punaH zUnyavAdo panyAsAya tuNDatANDavADambaraM; zUnyavAdasyApi prameyatvAt // -syAdvAda maMjarI 1/145 20. malleiSaNa : syAdvAda maMjarI pR0 145-147 21. syAdvAda maMjarI pR. 147-149 22. vahI pR0 149-150 23. vahI pa0 150 24. vahI pR0 151 25. vahI pR0 151 26. syAdvAda maMjarI pR0 151 sUkSmAntarita dUrArthAH pratyakSAH kasyacidyathA / anu meyatvato'gnyAdiriti sarvajJasaMsthitiH / / -samantabhadraH prAptamImAMsA 27. syAdvAda maMjarI pR0 151 28. vahI pR0 152 29. tatazca nAsanna-sanna sadasanta cApyanubhayAtmakam / catuSkoTivinimuktaM tatvamAdhyamikA viduH ityunmttbhaassitm| -sthADhAda maMjarI pR0 152 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-81

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kASTha nahIM, kapAsa bano * zrI maMgala jaina 'premI', jabalapura tuma, kapAsa sI komalatA ko, bhUlakara"...... kASTha kI kaThoratA, apanAye ho| kisI galata dizA kA tAbIja, gale lagAye ho| kapAsa kI nanhI sI bAtI, kisI diye ke tela se mitratA kara .." vAtAvaraNa ko prakAzita karatI hai| prakAza-dAna kI belA meM, tila-tila jalatI hai| aura kASTha ? kASTha......vicitra hai, na komalatA se sarokAra, na mitratA kA vyvhaar| saMbhavataH isIlie, samaya kI bhaTTI meM, kisI ko prakAza diye bagaira eka bAragI jalatI hai| jisakI jindagI ke dhueM se, mAnavatA prAMkha malatI hai| suno| kASTha nahIM, kapAsa bno| kisI ke sira para nahIM, sirahAne tno| 1-82 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71

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prajAtantra kA artha hai prajA dvArA prajA kI malAI ke lie prajA para zAsana / mahAvIra ne sva dvArA sva aura para kI bhalAI ke lie sva para niyantraNa kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyaa| isake lie unhoMne sarvajana samabhAva, sarvadharma samabhAva, sarvajAti samabhAva para bala diyA hamAre saMvidhAna ke ye mUlabhUta AdhAra haiM / inake binA prajAtantra paMgu hI nahIM astitvahIna hogaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra sacce arthoM meM prajAtAMtrika the| kaise ? isakA uttara prApako milegA vidvAn lekhaka ko ina paMktiyoM meM / pra sampAdaka - mahAvIra kI prajAtAMtrika dRSTi 0 DA0 nijAma uddIna, zrInagara prajAtantra kI saphalatA svatantratA, samAnatA, kAraNa zAMtimaya vAtAvaraNa nahIM thA, matAgraha kI vaicArika udAratA, sahiSNutA, sApekSatA aura pracaNDa prAMdhI ne samyagjJAna va samyakadRSTi kA mArga dUsare ko nikaTa se samajhane kI manovRtti ke vikAsa dhuMdhalA kara diyA thaa| yahI saba dekha mahAvIra ne para avalambita hai, inake abhAva meM gaNatantra kA vyakti svatantrya aura prANI-sAmya kA udghoSa astitva saMdigdha rahegA / mahAvIra gaNatantra ke prabala kiyaa| samarthaka haiM, unake upadezoM meM vyakti svAtantrya, sAmAjika sAmya, Arthika sAmya, dhArmika sAmya, svatantratA kI siddhi ke lie ahiMsA, satya Adi para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai aura yahI gaNa- aura brahmacarya kI triveNI meM avagAhana karanA paDatA tantra ke sudRr3ha stambha hai, yadi inameM se koI eka hai / ahisA ke dvArA hama sabhI ke sAtha maitrI bhAva durbala ho gayA to samajhie gaNatantra kI prAdhAra- sthApita karate haiM aura maitrI bhAva meM samAnatA kI zilA DagamagA jaayegii| mahAvIra kA yuga gaNa. manovRtti vidyamAna hai| mahAvIra ne sabhI prANiyoM tantrIya to thA lekina vahAM vyakti-svAtantrya kA se maitrI bhAva sthApita karane aura kisI ko sarvathA lopa thA, pAsa-prathA itanI vyApaka aura mArane kA, kisI bhI prakAra ke kaSTa dene kA niSedha dayanIya thI ki manuSya, manuSya kA krItadAsa banA kiyA hai / yahAM hama apanI prAtmA ke samAna dUsare haprA thaa| manuSya, manuSya ke sarvathA adhInastha thA, kI AtmA ko mahatva dete haiM, apane dukha ke samAna svAmI kA sevaka para sampUrNa adhikAra thaa| dAsa- dUsare ke dukha anubhava karate haiM yAnI 'Atmavat sarva. dAsI tathA nArI sabhI kA parigraha kiyA jAtA thaa| bhUteSu' kA cirAdarza prastuta karate haiN| prajAtantra meM mahAvIra ke yuga meM jAtIya bhedabhAva kI khAI bahuta bhI apane samAna dUsare kI svatantratA ko mahatvapUrNa caur3I thii| sAmAjika tathA Arthika vaiSamya ke samajhA jAtA hai, 'sva' kI sImita paridhi ko mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-83

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'sva' kI saMkIrNatA ko tyAge binA hama kisI bhI hogI na svatantratA / saMyama kI AvazyakatA se taraha para-mahatva ko, dUsare kI svatantratA ko samA- vimukha nahIM rahA jA sakatA / mahAvIra ne brahmacaryadara pradAna nahIM kara sakate / prAja yadi bandhakoM ko vrata meM saMyama ko jIvana ke lie spRhaNIya mAnA hai / vimukta kiyA gayA hai, bhUmihInoM ko bhUmi pradAna kI brahmacarya asvAda kA hI zAzvata abhyAsa hai| acchAgaI hai, berojagAroM ko rojagAra kI samucita burA, khaTTA-mIThA nIrasa-sarasa, AkarSaka-vikarSaka suvidhAeM pradAna karane ke lie sarakAra kI ora se ke bIca samatva sthApita karanA hI brahmacarya hai / yahA~ kama, prAsAna zartoM para RNa dene kI vyavasthA kI / zarIra kA mamatva svata: visarjita ho jAtA hai / gaI hai to yahAM bhI dUsaroM kI svatantratA kI svIkRti isake dvArA hama zarIra ke prati mamatva kA parityAga hI hai| kara aparigraha yA parimANa-parigraha kI aora udgrIva hote haiM / jaba taka vaibhava kA pradarzana kiyA jAegA yaha mAnA ki parAdhInatA meM sukha-suvidhAoM taba taka samAja meM UMca-nIca kI dIvAreM uMcI hI kA mArga khulA rahatA hai lekina aisI sukha suvidhAeM raheMgI agara vaibhava kI dIvAroM ko nIcA kareMge -- adhikatara zArIrika AvazyakatAoM- bhojana, vastra kI upalabdhiyoM taka hI parisImita rahatI haiM jabaki unheM dharAzAyI kareMge to samAja meM sabhI samAnatA ke dharAtala para khar3e ho sakate haiN| jahAM vaibhava hogA svatantratA kA mArga kaSTa aura asuvidhAnoM kA mArga vahAM eka vyakti dUsare se pRthaka rahegA, apane Apako hotA hai / kaSTa aura asuvidhAoM ke kaTakAkIrNa dUsare se parisampanna samajhane ke kAraNa samAja meM mArga para calakara hI svatantratA kA, mukti kI parama visaMgatiyAM aura vidra patAe vAtAvaraNa ko pradUSita sukha-suvidhAoM kA gantavya hAtha pAtA hai / parataMtratA karatI rheNgii| vaibhava kA visarjana samAja meM ekatA meM hameM ghara milatA hai-AvAsa milatA jabaki kI bhAvanA udbuddha karane vAlA hai| prajAtantra meM svatantratA meM hama ghara se mukti pAte haiM / ghara vyakti isa prakAra ke visarjana ko prAthamikatA denA Avako sImA meM-bandhana meM bAMdhakara rakhatA hai, sva zyaka hai / jaba taka visarjana nahIM hogA--- tyAga-vRtti tantratA meM hama ghara se bAhara prAkara caurAhe para khar3e nahIM hotI taba taka to hama dUsarI ko apane sAtha hote haiM- dUsaroM ke sAtha rahate haiM yA dUsaroM ko apane kaise le caleMge? tyAga hI to hamAre andara vaha sAtha rakhate haiM / jaba hama svAdhInatA kI lar3AI lar3a anubhUti aura cetanA udita karatA hai jisake dvArA rahe the taba gharoM se bAhara A gaye-naukarI, prAphisa hama dUsaroM meM jA milate haiM; parigraha meM hama dUsaroM se sabhI kI dIvAreM Dhaha gaI / ghara se bAhara pAnA apane pApako pRthak rakhate haiM, aparigraha meM yA tyAgaghara aura parivAra ke prati mamatva kA visarjana kara vRtti meM hama dUsaroM ke sAtha milakara unase tAdAtmya sabhI prANiyoM ko apane parivAra meM zAmila kara sthApita kara lete haiM / ataH prajAtantra ke liye lete haiM-"vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' ke uccAdarza kA vyaktiyoM ko saMgraha-vRtti ke sthAna para tyAga-vRtti saMsparza karane lagate haiM / mahAvIra kI ahiMsA isI / ko mahatva diyA jAtA hai| saMgraha vRtti, svatantratA-prANijagata kI svatantratA kA hI to vaibhava-pradarzana, ahaMkAra yA bhramakAra kA hI pratirUpaAdarza prastuta karatI hai / mahAvIra ne kahA hai sAkSAt rUpa hai, prajAtaMtra meM yadi ahaMkAra kI 'ahiMsA nibaraNA diThThA sababhUesu sNjmo|' bhAvanA ne DerA jamA liyA to vaha prajAtantra arthAt prANimAtra ke prati jo saMyama hai, vahI tAnAzAhI kA bhayAvaha rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| pUrNa ahiMsA hai / aura jaba taka jIvana meM saMyama kI jahAM mamatva hai, prAsakti hai, ahaMkAra hai mUchI hai kaliyAM prasphuTita nahIM hoMgI taba taka na ahiMsA vahIM adharma hai, bahI tAnAzAhI hai| 1-84 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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prajAtantra meM sAmAjika aikya ko prAthamikatA jitanA mahatva dete haiM utanA hI dUsaroM ke mata va dI jAtI hai, mAnava jAti meM aikya kI pratiSThApanA mAnyatA ko mahatva dene kA vaicArika praudArya prakaTa prajAtantra hai| yahAM svAmI sevaka, strI-puruSa ko karate haiM / yadi isake viparIta karege to prajAtantra pRthak-pRthak kartavya yA adhikAra nahIM diye jAte / kA galA ghuTa jAyagA,usakI hatyA ho jAyegI / yahAM bhedadRSTi kA nirAkaraNa prajAtantra kA mUla hai, isI to sabhI ko apane vicAra prastuta karane kA samAna bhedadRSTi kA nirAkaraNa mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA pradhikAra hai, sabhI ko apanI niSThAnusAra merudaNDa hai jisake liye umAsvAmI ne apane dharmAcaraNa karane kI svatantratA hai| isI ko 'tatvArthasUtra' meM samyak jJAna, samyak darzana aura hama mahAvIra ke anekAntavAda ke pariprekSya meM dekha samyak caritra ke samanvaya para vizeSa bala diyA hai| sakate haiN| satya kisI eka vyakti yA sampradAya kI mahAvIra ne jaba yaha pharamAyA-"jise tU mAranA bapautI nahIM, vaha to sabakA hai aura sabhI ke pAsa cAhatA hai vaha tU hI hai" (prAcArAMga 1, 5, 5), to satyAMza ho sakatA hai| hameM durAgraha kA tyAga kara yahAM samatva kA hI ucca dRSTAnta prastuta kiyA samyak dRSTi apanAkara satya kA rUpa jahAM bhI prApya gayA hai-prAtmA ke ekatva para hI bala diyA gayA hai| ho agIkRta karanA cAhie / matAgrahI satya ke prajAtantra meM jAtIya bheda yA varNa bheda ke lie koI dvAra taka nahIM pahuMca sakatA, satya kA mArga prazasta sthAna nahIM. raMga va nasla kI variSThatA ke lie koI hai lasa meM saMkIrNatA nahIM. vistAra aura vyApakatva avakAza nahIM / raMga va nasla kI nirarthaka variSThatA hai| hameM jitanA apanA mata priya hai dUsare ko bhI ne jisa samAja yA deza meM apanA viSa bIja boyA vaha utanA hI apanA mata priya hai| hameM kyA adhikAra kabhI nahIM ubarA sAMpradAyikatA kI prAkAza bela jisa hai ki dUsare ke mata kA khaNDana kara usa para apane dezajAti ke viTapa para phailane lagatI hai usakI pragati mata kA pratipAdana karane kA anaitika AcaraNa avaruddha ho jAtI hai vaha dUsaroM kI dRSTi meM hIna- kreN| mahAvIra ne anekAnta ke dvArA eka vaicArika anAhata aura sAvadya samajhI jAtI hai| mahAvIra ne krAnti utpanna kii| unhoMne vaicArika sahiSNutA apane samavasaraNa meM kisI jAti, samAja, yA dharmA- kA paracama bulanda karake sabhI ko usake nIce khar3e valambI para kabhI pAbandI nahIM lgaaii| unakA dharma hone apanA abhimata vyakta karane kI pUrNa svataMtratA mAnavajAti kA dharma hai, kisI sampradAya yA jAti pradAna kii| unhoMne batalAyA vastu yA padArtha aneka vizeSa kA dharma nahIM / vaha AtmA kI pavitra gaMgA dharma athavA guNa vizeSatA sampanna hotA hai usameM hai jisameM saba sAtha milakara nimajjana kara sakate eka hI guNa yA vizeSatA kA prAdhAnya nahIM rhtaa| haiM-vaha sabhI ke pAroM kaluSoM kA zamana karane panI kevala patnI nahIM hotI, vaha patnI ke sAtha vAlA dharma hai| mahAvIra sampradAyAtIta haiM, prajAtantra eka mamatAmayI mAM, pyArI sakhI, vizvasanIya mitra, bhI sampradAyAtIta hotA hai, yahAM sabhI ko apane matoM lADalI beTI, priya bhAbhI prAdi bhI hotI hai arthAt ko, vicAroM ko prakaTa karane kI svatantratA rahatI vaha vividharUpA hotI haiN| isI prakAra aneka dharmoM hai, sabhI ko apanI yogyatAnusAra pragati karane kI ke kAraNa pratyeka vastu anekAnta rUpa meM vidyamAna savidhAeM prApta karane ke samAna avasara tathA adhi. ke rUpa nAnAvidha hote haiM - "prane ke antAH kAra pradAna kiye jAte haiM / vyakti meM isa prakAra kI dharmAH yasmin sa anekAntaH / " upAdhyAya yazo. prAtmasvAtantrya ko bhAvanA mahAvIra ne hajAroM varSa / vijaya ne kahA hai- 'saccA anekAntavAdI kisI pUrva jAgRta kI thii| darzana se nahIM krtaa| vaha sampUrNa dRSTikoNa prajAtantra meM hama apane mata ko, mAnyatA ko ko isI prakAra vAtsalya dRSTi se dekhatA hai jaise mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-85

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koI pitA apane putroM ko| mAdhyastha bhAva hI nahIM, vaicArika sahiSNutA evaM udAratA kA hai, zAstroM kA gUDha rahasya hai, yahI dharmavAda hai|" jaba saMkIrNatA kA nahIM vizAla hRdayatA kA hai aura yaha vicAroM meM isa prakAra mAdhyastha bhAva rahegA yA hama vizAla hRdayatA yA udAratA anekAntavAda kA dUsaroM ke vicAroM-matoM ko sahiSNUtA se suneMge, mUla hai / samajhege hRdayaMgama kareMge to sabhI prakAra ke vaicArika saMgharSa naSTa ho jaayeNge| phira rAjanaitika prajAtantra meM lokavyavahRta bhASA ko mahatva mAnacitra para bar3e-bar3e matavAda, yuddhonmukhI saMgharSoM diyA jAtA hai| kisI eka sImita viziSTa varga ko janma na de sakeMge, viyatanAma yA isrAIla-paraba yA sampradAya kI bhASA ko bahusaMkhyaka bhASA-bhASI kI raktaraMjita samasyAeM karor3oM kI jAna lekara svIkAra nahIM kreNge| saMskRta meM upadeza yA bhASaNa samApta na hoMge; vaha binA raktapAta ke bhI sulajhAI yadi koI dene lage to usase caMda muTThI bhara logoM jA sakatI haiN| prajAtantra meM vAdavivAda ke dvArA ko hI lAbha mila sakatA hai| mahAvIra ne apane morokI jAtI upadezoM ko paMDitoM kI bhASA meM vyakta nahIM kiyA saMsada meM vipakSI dala ke mata ko bhI sattAdhArI dala varan lokabhASA ardhamAgadhI meM vyakta kiyA tabhI mAna detA hai / vipakSa kI dhAraNAmoM meM bhI satyatA unakA pracAra-prasAra adhika huprA aura adhikAdhika kA koI na koI aMza vidyamAna rahatA hai / prAcArya loga unase lAbhAnvita hue / jahA~ kahIM bhI prajAmaNibhadra kA vicAra hai : tantra hai vahA~ kA zAsana-kArya bahusaMkhyaka logoM kI bhASA meM hI calatA hai| DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / mahAvIra ne bhASA kI samasyA kA prajAtAMtrika anukaraNIya nidAna prastuta kara diyA thA / yuktimadvacanaM yasya, yasya kAryaH parigrahaH / striyoM ko dIkSA dekara unhoMne eka samAnatA prarthAt mujhe na to mahAvIra ke prati pakSapAta kA prajAtAMtrita prAdarza peza kiyA thA, unake zoSaNa hai aura na kapilAdi munigaNoM ke prati IrSyA dveSa va parigraha ko naSTa kara bahumAna aura prAdara pradAna hai jo bhI vacana tarkasaMgata ho use grahaNa karanA kiyA thaa| zoSita varga ko samAja meM samAna cAhie / mahAvIra ne 'yahI hai' ko mAnyatA nahIM adhikAra dilAe, svAmI-sevaka ke, zoSaka-zoSita dI, unhoMne yaha bhI hai' ko mAnyatA dekara pAraspa. ke bhedabhAva ko naSTa kiyA, aparigraha ke siddhAnta rika virodhoM tathA matAgrahoM kI loha-zRMkhalA ko dvArA prArthika samAnatA kA vaha prAdarza prastuta kiyA eka hI jhaTake meM toDa ddaalaa| unhoMne satya ko jo sabhI prajAtaMtra dezoM meM samAjavAda ke nAma se sApekSatA meM dekhA aura use abhivyakti dI syAdvAda abhihita hai / mahAvIra kI vicAradhArA prajAtaMtra kI kI zailI meM / prajAtantra kI pUrNa saphalatA anekAnta- bahumukhI vizeSatAmoM kA anupama aura sanahitakArI dRSTi meM sannihita hai| prAja kA yuga matAgraha kA saMgama hai / 1-86 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71

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reliance jaina darzana pratyeka vastu meM do virodhI tatvoM kA astitva mAnatA hai| vaha sat kA lakSaNa hI utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya saMyukta karatA hai| vastu dravya dRSTi se nitya aura paryAya dRSTi se anitya hai / jainoM kI isa mAnyatA meM vizva ke usa sampUrNa darzanoM kA samanvaya ho jAtA hai jo ki vastu ke kevala eka hI dharma ko mAnate haiM dUsare dharma ko nahIM / janoM kA yaha anekAntavAda vizva ke samasta darzanoM meM aikya, sahabhAva tathA samabhAva kA pracAra karane kI pravyartha paurSAva hai / kaise ? yaha par3hiye prasiddha vaidika vidvAn ke isa nibandha meM / pra. sampAdaka jaina darzana kI eka divyadRSTi prAcArya ramezacandra zAstrI, ajamera bhAratIya vicAradhArA ko hama anAdikAla se prathama brahmavAdI vicAra-paramparA kA udbhava hI do rUpoM meM vibhakta pAte haiM / pahalI, paramparA sthala paMjAba tathA uttara pradeza kA pazcimI bhAga mUlaka brAhmaNya athavA brahmavAdI jisakA vikAsa rahA hai tathA dUsarI zramaNa vicAra paramparA kA veda tathA unake pazcAt likhe gae sAhitya ke prAdhAra udbhava prAsAma, baMgAla bihAra, madhyapradeza, rAjapara huaaa| dUsarI, puruSArtha mUlaka, jise zrAmaNya sthAna tathA pUrvI uttara pradeza rahA hai| isa zramaNa athavA zramaNa pradhAna kahA jAtA hai, jisameM prAcaraNa vicAra dhArA ke janmadAtA jaina the| jo svayaM ko aura vyavahAra ko pradhAnatA milI / yahAM yaha ja'na mukhya rUpa se bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke anuyAyI lenA cAhie ki zramaNa zabda kA artha hI zrama mAnate haiN| arthAt puruSArtha hai| isa kAraNa isa dhArA ko zramaNa saMskRti kA pravartaka jaina dharma prAgaiti'puruSArtha mUlaka' kahanA hI upayukta pratIta hotA hAsika dharma rahA hai / yaha bauddha dharma kI apekSA prAcIna hai| zrImadbhAgavat meM varNita jainadharma se sambandha rakhane vAle vivaraNoM kA adhyayana tathA ye donoM vicAradhArAyeM katipaya aMzoM meM eka karane para sabhI vidvAnoM ne jainiyoM ke isa dUsare kI pUraka rahIM aura kucha aMzoM meM paraspara virodhI zoM meM paraspara virodhI mantavya kA samarthana kiyA hai ki jaina mata kA bhI rahIM / eka ora inameM sAmaJjasya kI bhAvanA avirbhAva vaidikamata ke prAsa-pAsa yA usake nikaTa. se pArasparika AdAna-pradAna calatA rahA tathA vartI pazcAt samaya meM hI hayA haiN| mohana-jo daroM dUsarI ora samasta bhAratIya samAja tathA rASTra kI se prApta dhyAnAvasthita nagna yogiyo kI matiyoM ekatA ko akSuNNa rakhane meM bhI inakA mahattvapUrNa se jaina zramaNa paramparA kI prAcInatA siddha hotI yogadAna rahA hai| hai aisA aneka vidvAn svIkAra karate haiN| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-87

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jaina dharma ke mahAtmAoM ko tIrthaGkara kahA isa tatva ko eka udAharaNa se samajhA jA jAtA hai / jJAna kA pravartana jina jJAnI vItarAga sakatA hai / jaba hama kisI svarNa nirmita kaGkaNa ko mahAn puruSoM ne kiyA hai ve tIrthaGkara khlaaye| dekhate haiM to usake sambandha meM kucha kahane yA likhane dharmarUpI tIrtha ke nirmAtA munijana hI ye tIrthaGkara kA prakAra kyA ho sakatA hai ? yahI na ki, yaha the (tarati saMsAra mahArNavaM yena nimittena tat tIrtham- kaGkaNa svarNa nirmita hai, sone se hI isakA nirmANa umeza mizra-bhAratIya darzana pR0 98) jainadharma meM huA hai| sone ko zuddha karake ise sunAra ne banAyA ina tIrthaGkaroM kI saMkhyA caubIsa mAnI gaI hai| haiN| sonA yo to miTTI hI hai, para yaha sAmAnya inameM sarvaprathama RSabhadeva tathA antima bhagavAn miTTI nhiiN| yaha eka pIle varNa kA dhAtu hai, isake mahAvIra svAmI the| paramANu lohe se kucha mulAyama hote haiN| isa sone ko sunAra ne Thoka pITa kara kaGkaNa kA rUpa de diyA ina tIrthaGkaroM dvArA pravartita jainadharma kA hai| vAstava meM to yaha sonA hI hai, Adi-Adi / dArzanika pakSa atyanta sudRr3ha hai / bAda ke jaina yahI varNana svaparyAya kahAtA hai / aba yadi hama isa vidvAnoM ne apanA samasta bauddhika bala lagA kara jisa kaGkaNa meM paraparyAya ke sambandha ko jor3e to isakA dArzanika cintana ko prastuta kiyA hai vaha barabasa varNana isa prakAra kiyA jAyegA-yaha kaGkaNa hai, vicArakoM kA dhyAna AkarSita karatA hai / jaina darzana aMgUThI nahIM hai, hAra nahIM hai, bAlI nahIM hai, karNaphUla kA eka sunizcita abhimata yaha hai ki vizva kI nahIM hai, nAka kI lauMga nahIM hai, natha nahIM hai / yaha samasta vastuoM meM sthairya tathA vinAza donoM hI dhAtu kA to banA hai parantu yaha lohe kA nahIM hai. samAnarUpeNa rahate haiM / vizva prapaJca kI koI bhI pItala kA nahIM hai, cAMdI kA nahIM hai, Adi-prAdi vastU na to ekAntata: nitya hai aura na ekAntataH ananta niSedha karaNa ke sAtha jor3e jA sakate haiN| anitya hai / nityatA aura anityatA sabhI vastuoM meM samAnarUpa se pAI jAtI hai| jaina darzana ne isa vidhi niSedhAtmaka dRSTi se yaha pAyA paramANamoM ke saMghAta ko saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM jAtA hai ki saMsAra meM aisA udAharaNa sambhava nahIM kA utpAdaka kAraNa svIkAra kiyA hai| jisameM paraspara virodhI guNoM kA sambandha sthApita na kiyA jA sake / jaise kisI daridra vyakti ke vastuoM ke svarUpa ko dekhane kI jaina da zanikoM sAtha dhana sampannatA kA sambandha vidhimukha se nahIM kI dRSTi bhI bar3I painI hai / jaina dArzanika pratyeka jor3A jA sakatA hai to usase kyA hama niSedha mukha vastu kA nirIkSaNa tathA parIkSaNa sarvadarzana sammata se daridra vyakti ke sAtha daridratA tathA dhana sampannatA vidhi niSedha zailI se karate haiN| isa vidhi niSedha kA sambandha jor3a sakate haiN| hama kaha sakate haiM ki dRSTi se vastu ke jo guNa sattA sUcaka haiM unheM yaha vyakti daridra hai, dhanavAna nahIM hai, yadi yaha dhana 'viparyAya' kahA jAtA hai tathA jo niSedha mukha se sampanna hotA to daridra na hotA / isameM dhana kA kahe jAte haiM, unheM 'paraparyAya' nAma diyA gayA hai| prabhAva hai ataH yaha daridra hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana kisI bhI vastu kA paraparyAya se varNana karanA saMbhava ne eka hI vastu meM ananta dharmoM yA guNoM kI sthAnahIM hai, ataH svaparyAya se hI vastu svarUpa kI ava- panA kI hai, isI kAraNa jaina dArzanika pratyeka vastu gati mukhyarUpa se hotI hai / parantu isa svaparyAya ke ko ananta dharmAtmaka svIkAra karate haiN| isIliye varNana bhI vastu ke guNoM, deza tathA kAla Adi ke jainadharma ko syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda ko mAnane prAdhAra para eka nahIM apitu aneka hote haiN| vAlA dharma kahA jAtA hai| 1-88 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 www.jainelibrar

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kAla nadI ke usa pravAha kI taraha hai jisakA jala punaH lauTakara nahIM pAtA / cAhe koI kitanA hI prayatna kare kintu gayA huA eka kSaNa bhI lauTa kara nahIM pA sktaa| buddhimAna ve haiM jo isakA sadupayoga karate haiN| ananta paryAyoM meM bhaTakate-bhaTakate kAkatAlIya nyAya kI taraha yaha mAnava janma milatA hai / kevala yaha hI paryAya hai jisameM jIva apane hitAhita kA viveka kara sanmArga prAzraya grahaNa kara apanA utthAna kara sakatA hai aura janma maraNa ke cakkara se chaTakArA pA sakatA hai| anya kisI paryAya meM aisA honA saMbhava nahIM hai| jinhoMne isa samaya kA sadupayoga kiyA ve isa saMsAra sAgara ke pAra laga ge| vidvAn nibandhakAra ne samaya kI mahattA batAte hae jo yaha kahA hai ki 'samaya na cUkata catura nara' vaha sarvathA satya hai| pra0 sampAdaka samaya na cUkata catura nara - * DA. narendra bhAnAvata aMgrejI meM eka kahAvata hai-Time is hai| jo isako vartamAnatA ko na pahacAna kara mAtra money arthAt samaya hI dhana hai| vAstava meM atIta kI gaharAiyoM meM DUbA rahatA hai athavA samaya jIvana kI amUlya sampatti hai / gaI sampatti bhaviSya kI svapnila chAyA meM ghirA rahatA hai, parizrama se, vismRta jJAna adhyayana se, naSTa svAsthya vaha kabhI samaya kI jIvantatA se sAkSAtkAra nahIM auSadhi se evaM naSTa saMyama gurukRpA se punaH mila kara pAtA / jo kSaNa kI vartamAnatA ko thAme rahatA sakatA hai lekina gayA huA vakta vApasa kabhI nahIM hai, vahI jIvana kA vAstavika prAnanda le pAtA hai / mila sakatA / isIliye samaya ko amUlya dhana leTina meM eka kahAvata hai ki 'samaya ke sira meM kahA hai aisA dhana jo kisI bhI kImata para punaH kevala Age kI ora bAla hote haiM, pIche kI ora prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH samajhadAra vaha gaMjA hotA hai / yadi tuma usake Age ke bAla manuSya samaya kA pUrAHpUrA upayoga karate haiM:-samaya ko pakar3a lo to vaha tumhAre hAtha pA jAyagA na cUkata catura nr| parantu yadi tuma use Age se nikala jAne doge to phira saMsAra kI aisI kAI zakti nahIM jo use 'samaya bar3o balavAna' kahakara samaya kI ananta pakar3a ske|" samaya kI isa tasvIra ko pahacAna zakti kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| isakA artha kara hameM usake bAloM ko, vartamAna kSaNoM ko yaha hai ki samaya nirantara gatizIla hai, vaha eka kSaNa majabUtI se pakar3a kara, jo kAma karanA hai, use bhI nahIM rukatA, aura vartamAna meM hI jIvita rahatA turanta kara lenA cAhiye / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-89

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Aja ke kAma ko kabhI kala para nahIM chor3anA aura svarga ko milAne ke lie sIr3hiyAM lagAeM, cAhiye kyoMki jo prAja hai vaha nizcita aura jo bhAga meM se jalane kI zakti kA jo tatva hai, use kala hogA vaha anizcita hai / jo zakti Aja ke nikAla dU aura mRtyu ko naSTa kara duuN| yaha saba kAma ko kala para DAlane meM kharca hotI hai kyoM na mere bAyeM hAtha kA khela thA / para maiM socatA rahAusakA upayoga Aja kA kAma Aja hI karane meM abhI kyA hai, kala yaha kArya kara lUgA / yoM kalakiyA jAya / rAjasthAnI kahAvata hai-karyA so kala karate kala to nahIM pAyA para kAla A gyaa| kAma, bhajyA so rAma,' kiyA, vahI kAma aura ataH he lakSmaNa, duniyAM ko merI yahI sIkha hai ki bhajA, vahI rAma-bhajana / kAma ko aura rAma bhajana hameM koI bAta kala para nahIM chor3anI cAhiye, turanta ko turanta kara DAlanA caahiye| jo kAma kara use kara DAlanA caahie| DAlA so ho gayA, nahIM kiyA so raha gyaa| kauna jAne kala pAyegA yA nahIM ? kala zaitAna kA dUta 'samaya' zabda isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki isameM hai / itihAsa ke pRSThoM para isa kala kI dhAra para samabhAva kI Aya kA srota nirantara pravahamAna kitane hI pratibhAzAliyoM kA galA kaTa gyaa| rahatA hai para samaya kA yaha artha tabhI sArthaka banatA 'kala' kI upAsanA chor3akara 'prAja' ke hI nahIM hai jaba vyakti isakI sAmayikatA ko pahacAne, 'prabhI' ke upAsaka bno| saMta kabIra mAnava ko isake prati nirantara jAgarUka banA rahe aura samaya sAvadhAna karate hue kahate haiM kI urvaratA se nirantara samparka banAye rakhe / vizva meM aisA koI vyakti nahIM jisake pAsa eka bAra kAla kare so Aja kara, Aja kare so ab| bhAgyodayaM kA avasara na mAtA ho / jo isa avasara pala meM paralaya hoyagI, bahuri karego kaba // kA svAgata nahIM karatA, taba vaha avasara ulaTe pAMva lauTa jAtA hai / sama yajJa puruSa hamezA aise kala, kAla bana gayA to phira jIvana kI kalA avasara kA lAbha uThAtA hai / samaya kI zakti aura hI naSTa ho gii| dIpaka bujhane ke bAda tela DAlane gati ko pahacAnane kI kSamatA kevala manuSya meM hai, se kyA lAbha ? mAla lekara cora ke cale jAye ke pazu meM nhiiN| manuSya vartamAna ko varadAna banAne bAda sAvadhAna hone se kyA lAbha ? jo kSaraNa varta- ke lie, use vareNya banAne ke lie atIta se mAna hai, use akSara banAne meM laga jaao| jo pala preraNA aura anAgata se sapane le sakatA hai| aura abhI hai use prajJA kA kendra banA lo, pUjA kA apanI jAgarUkatA tathA vivekazIlatA meM unheM, puSpa banAlo / kahIM aisA na ho ki kala kI pratIkSA tapAkara, pakAkara, sAkAra kara sakatA hai para isake karate-karate kala to nahIM pAye aura kAla pA lie pramAda ko chor3anA hogaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra jAya / pApa aura hama to haiM hI kyA ? sone kI ne apane ziSya gautama ko sambodhita karate hue laMkA kA adhipati rAvaNa bhI isa kAla se na baca kahA-samayaM gauyama mA pamAyae--he gautama, kSaNa skaa| kahA jAtA hai ki jaba rAvaraNa mRtyu zaiyyA mAtra kA bhI pramAda mata kara / para thA taba rAma ne lakSmaNa ko rAvaNa se zikSA lene ke lie usake pAsa bhejA / lakSmaNa ke prArthanA samaya ko arthavAna banAne ke lie kartavya. karane para rAvaNa ne kahA-maiMne kaThora tapasyA kara parAyaNatA, kAma ke prati niSThA aura niyamabaddhatA yaha zakti prApta karalI thI ki maiM saba kucha prApta kA honA Avazyaka hai| jo vyakti apane prati kara sakatA thaa| merI tIna icchAyeM thIM-maiM dharatI aura apane pariveza ke prati jitanA adhika jAgarUka 1-90 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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hai, saMvedanazIla hai, vaha utanA hI adhika samaya kI prAya prApta kregaa| isa prasaMga meM eka lokakathA bar3I arthavyaMjaka hai / eka seTha bar3A samRddhizAlI thA | bharA-pUrA parivAra thA / para acAnaka usakI patnI kA dehAnta ho gayA / aba seTha ke sAmane samasyA AyI ki vaha ghara kI mAlakina kise banAve, kise tijorI kI cAbiyAM saupe ? samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie usane apanI cAroM putra vadhunoM kI parIkSA lenI cAhI / putravadhuoM ko pAsa bulavA kara usane kahA- maiM cAra varSa ke lie bAhara jA rahA huuN| ye pA~ca-pAMca cAvala ke dAne tumako sauMpa rahA huuN| jaba vApasa Ane para mAMga karU' taba mujhe lauTA denA / yaha kahakara seTha calatA banA / sabase bar3a bahI ne socA -- seTha kI buddhi saThiyA gayI hai| pAMca cAvala ke dAnoM kI kyA kamI ? jaba seThajI AyeMge koThAra se lAkara de dUMgI aura usane pAMcoM dAne pheMka diye| dUsarI bahU ne socA-seTajI anubhavI haiN| zAyada, ye cAvala abhimantrita hoM / inase kucha lAbha pahuMca sakatA hai / yaha socakara vaha unheM cabA gyii| tIsarI bahU ne socA-na jAne ina cAvaloM ke pIche kyA rahasya hai ? inheM saMbhAlakara rakhanA cAhiye / patA nahIM kaba ye svarNa yA ratnoM meM badala jAMya zraura usane sandUka meM unheM surakSita rakha diyA / cauthI bahU ne socA-seThajI cAra varSa bAda lauTeMge, taba taka ke lie kyoM na inakA saMvarddhana kiyA jAya ? usane pAMcoM dAneM apane makAna se lagI khAlI jamIna meM DAla diye / anukUla jalavAyu pAkara ve aMkurita ho uThe aura samaya pAkara ve paka gaye aura pAMca ke pAMca sau ho gaye / usane phira una pAMca sau dAnoM ko bo mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 diyaa| aba ve aura adhika ho gaye / isa prakAra vaha una dAnoM ko botI rahI aura ve bar3hate rahe / jaba cAra varSa bAda seThajI lauTe aura unhoMne apane diye hue cAvala ke dAne mAMge to do bahutroM neto koThAra se lAkara aura tIsarI bahU ne surakSita rakhe hue ve dAneM lAkara de diye para cauthI bahU ne kahA ki ve dAne pAMca nahIM rahe varan phalita hokara kaI boriyoM meM bhare haiM / seThajI usakI samayajJatA, jAgarUkatA aura vivekazIlatA para bar3e prasanna hue tathA use ghara kI mAlakina banAkara, tijorI kI cAbiyAM sauMpa dI / saca hai, jo samaya kI isa urvaratA ko pahacAna pAtA hai, vahI apane jIvana ko sahI mAne meM saphala aura samRddha vanA pAtA hai / samaya kI dhArA ke sAtha jo tairatA hai, vaha na kevala apanA maMgala karatA hai balki loka maMgala kA kSetra bhI vistRta karatA jAtA hai / samaya jitanA saundaryamaya hai| utanA hI bhayaMkara bhI / yaha kAlabalI kisI ko bhI nahIM chor3atA / zAstroM meM ise 'sarpa' se upamita kiyA gayA hai / sarpa kI taraha yaha bhAgatA hai, phutkAra karatA hai para jo isakI gati ko pakar3a letA hai, vaha isakI kaTutA ko kalA meM badala detA hai / jo kAla kI vartanA meM ramaNa karatA hai, vaha yuga pravartana karatA hai, naye mUlyoM kA nirmANa karatA hai aura kAla ke kAlakUTa ko pI jAtA hai / para jo isake sAtha saMkramaNa nahIM kara pAtA, kSaNa mAtra kA bhI pramAda kara baiThatA hai taba kAla use pI jAtA hai / aisA samajhakara vartamAna meM vartanA karane kI, pala ko prajJA banAne kI kalA sIkhane kA nirantara abhyAsa karate rahanA cAhiye, kyoMki yahI kSaNa "tathAgata' kI bhUmikA aura bhaviSya kA janaka hai / 1-91

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jJAna kA khajAnA vaidya ramezacandra jaina, bAMjhala khojane se tAja bhI pro rAja apanA jAnate ho tuma vyathA. likha cuke jisa para kahAnI soca meM khoye huye dhanapati kI nIti se kara sake nahiM dUra tuma nirdhanoM ke prazra aba taka hai javAnI are satya aura ImAnadArI chala pharevI jAlasAjI ne chupA do phUla ko bhI zUla meM pariNata batAdI satya kahanA kyA ! gunAha hai bodha hai kyA? chAyA pakar3anA . dhvasta isameM prAja lAkhoM jindgaanii| ahiMsA ke pujArI ne jise apanA banAyA usIkI AvAja para calatA jamAnA phira ise hama kyA kaheM ? jJAna kA khajAnA 1-92 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mana meM saba jIvoM ke prati samabhAva, karma meM ahiMsA aura vacana meM syAdvAda kA upadeza diyA thaa| yaha jainadharma kI usakI apanI vizeSatA hai| agara mAnava ina upadezoM para amala kare to dharatI svarga bana sakatI hai / prApasI jhagar3oM kA kAraNa yaha hai ki hama apanI ho calAnA cAhate haiM, hama hI ThIka haiM, jabaki saMbhava hai dUsarA jo kaha rahA hai vaha bhI kisI dRSTi se ThIka ho / mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki dUsaroM ke kathana kA vaha hI artha karo jisa dRSTikoNa ko lekara kahane vAle ne vaha bAta kahI thI, apanA dRSTikoNa usa para mata thopo / eka hI bAta eka dRSTikoNa se galata hote hue bhI dUsare dRSTikoNa se sahI ho sakatI hai / samAja meM aura rASTroM meM jo vigraha khar3e ho jAte haiM usakA kAraNa ekAMgI dRSTikoNa ke atirikta kucha nahIM hotaa| vyAvahArika jIvana meM syAdvAda kI upayogitA para vidvAn lekhaka ne bar3e acche DhaMga se prakAza DAlA hai / pra0 sampAdaka anekAnta aura jIvana-vyApAra * zrI jamanAlAla jaina, vArANasI jainadharma yA jainadarzana ko anekAnta darzana bhI paramparA unheM milI thI / anekAnta yA samanvaya kI kahA jAtA hai| pratyeka dharma, darzana yA tatvajJAna kI praNAlI bhI dharma-darzana ke kSetra meM jIvita thI, lekina apanI mUla dRSTi hotI hai, eka zailI hotI hai| use paripUrNatA, spaSTatA, saMskAritA aura zAstrI. usI ke anusAra sampUrNa pratipAdana hotA hai / yaha yatA pradAna karane kA mahat kArya pahale-pahala dRSTi zarIra meM prANoM kI bhAMti vyApta hotI hai| mahAvIra ne hI kiyaa| 12 varSa ke kaThora sAdhanA. jaise vRkSa kA rasa, usakI prAtmA, usakA guNa kAla ke uparAnta unheM kevalajJAna kI yA sarvajJatA jar3a se lekara pattoM taka samAna rUpa se vyApta rahatA kI prApti huii| DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva kA unakA hai, vaise hI pratyeka tatvajJAna yA siddhAnta kA vistRta yuga mata matAntaroM tathA vAda-vivAdoM kA saMgharSaphailAva bhI dRSTi-vizeSa ke anarUpa rahatA hai| sthala banA huA thA / vaidika-propaniSadika vicArajainadharma, tatvajJAna, prAcAra-vicAra, darzana aura dhArAmoM meM hI samanvaya nahIM thaa| aneka parivrAjaka siddhAnta saba meM anekAnta dRSTi tila meM tela kI evaM bhikSu apanI eka-eka zAkhA-prazAkhA ko pakar3a . bhAMti aura dudha meM ghI kI bhA~ti aotaprota hai| kara prAgraha kI dhvajA phaharA rahe the| kucha to apane ko zAstA, tIrthakara, sarvajJa bhI kahate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra anekAnta-dRSTi ke pravartaka bAhya upakaraNoM, sAdhanoM, kriyAoM mAdi kA bhI kahe jAte haiN| jainadharma ke ve antima zAstA yA Agraha parAkASThA ko pahuMcA huA thaa| svayaM jaina mahata the aura apane pUrvavartI 23veM tIrthaMkara paramparA meM bhI kaI paramparAeM pracalita ho gayI pArzvanAtha kI ahiMsA tathA saMyama-samatA-pradhAna- thiiN| eka dUsare meM samanvaya aura sahayoga ke sthAna mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 -1-93

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para saMgharSa, virodha aura TakarAhaTa hI jyAdA thaa| ke pratIka haiN| donoM paMkhoM kI dizAe bhinna haiM, yaha paristhiti manuSya kI manuSya se tor3ane vAlI lekina ve kokila kI gati meM eka-dUsare ke pUraka thii| mahAvIra vicAra-bheda aura patha-bhinnatA ke haiM, sahayogI haiN| sahaastitva unakI sArthakatA hai / bAvajUda mAnava-mAtra ke prati Adara aura prANi- kokila kA gAr3hA raMga isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki mAtra ke prati samatA utpanna karanA cAhate haiN| usameM saba raMga samAhita haiN| vaha AkAza-vihArI bAraha varSa kI mauna-sAdhanA se unameM isa dRSTi kA hai| ananta prakAza meM vicaraNa karane vAlA U~ce prAvirbhAva huaa| unakI yaha dRSTi hI anekAnta hai| se, sUkSmatApUrvaka, dUra taka nirIkSaNa karatA hai aura kahA jAtA hai ki kevalajJAna-prApti ke parva anantatA kA anubhava karatA hai| granthakAra ne isa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kucha svapna pAye the unameM se pratAka dvArA anekAnta kA eka sarasa evaM sundara eka svapna meM unheM citra-vitritra paMkhoM vAlA eka ananta vyApI citra prastuta kiyA hai| mahAna puskokila dikhAyI diyaa| ise dekhakara manuSya svataMtra ikAI bhI hai aura samaSTi kA pratibaddha hue, unheM kevalajJAna ho gyaa| isa svapna aMga bhI hai| manuSya hI nahIM hara prANI kI svataMtra kA ullekha vyAkhyA prajJapti nAmaka jaina Agama meM sattA hai, usakI apanI nijatA hai. vaiyaktikatA hai / milatA hai| vahIM isa svapna ke phala ke viSaya meM pratyeka jIva apane karma kA bhoktA aura kartA hotA kahA gayA hai ki mahAvIra sva-para siddhAnta kA hai| manuSya bAhya rUpa meM yA ki sAMsArika dRSTi pratipAdana karane vAle vicitra dvAdazAMga kA upadeza se. Arthika dRSTi se parAdhIna yA baMdhA humA sA kreNge| lagatA hai, phira bhI prAtmaguraNa kI dRSTi se vaha svatantra astitva rakhatA hai| usameM sva-para-hita kabhI-kabhI sapane bar3e sArthaka ho jAyA karate socane tathA tadanusAra calane kI buddhi, bhAvanA, haiN| unase jIvana meM mAmUla parivartana pA jAtA hai, zakti pIra dRSTi hotI hai / vaha anubhava karatA hai haSTi badala jAtI hai, ulajhaneM khula jAtI haiM, ki usakA apanA svataMtra vyaktitva hai| yaha saba hai, samAdhAna mila jAtA hai aura rAstA prakAzamAn lekina isase bhI inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki ho uThatA hai| yaha eka prAnanda kA kSaNa hotA hai, vaha sAmAjika bhI hai / samAja ke binA mAnavIya jisameM manuSya ko lagatA hai ki sampUrNatA kI vikAsa kI, unnayana kI sambhAvanA bhI nhiiN| upalabdhi ho gayI / mujhe to lagatA hai ki unake nitAnta aura nirapekSa rUpa meM manuSya vaiyaktika hai, kevalajJAna kA unakI sarvajJatA kA rahasya isI kSaNa na sAmAjika / vaiyaktikatA aura sAmAjikatA ke meM nihita hai| taToM ke bIca anekAnta ke setu para hI vivekapUrvaka - yaha puskokila anekAnta kA yA syAdvAda kA evaM sApekSatA pUrvaka vicaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / sArthaka pratIka hai / anekAnta dRSTi-sampanna pratyeka ke bUMda ke binA sAgara nahIM bntaa| lekina sAgara se vicAra kA prAdara karatA hai, unameM satya kA darzana pRthaka bUda kA vyaktitva kaisA aura kitanA ? karatA hai aura yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba usakI vANI yA bhASA meM miThAsa ho, mAdhurya ho, amRta. manuSya kA samagra jIvana satya kI khojoM kA rasa ho / kokila kA kaNTha svara aisA hI hotA hai| pariNAma hai| mAnava-sRSTi ke mAdi kAla se satya kaThora aura pASANa-sUkSma vyakti bhI koyala kI kI khoja ho rahI hai| hajAroM-hajAra manISiyoM, mIThI kUka sunakara pighala jAtA hai, dravita ho jAtA RSi-muniyoM, yogiyoM tathA vaijJAnikoM ne satya kI hai / kokila ke citra-vicitra paMkha aneka dRSTikoNoM khoja meM apane ko galA-vapA diyA hai| hamArI 1-94 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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aneka kahAvateM va muhAvare badala gaye, prAcAra. sAdhanA kI dRSTi se eka sUtra pradAna kiyA haivicAra kI praNAliyA~ vadala gayI, dainika jIvana ke prAcAra meM ahiMsA aura vicAra meM anekAnta' / kriyA-kalApa aura rItiyA~ badala gyiiN| yaha krama jIvana meM sAmaMjasya tabhI pA sakatA hai jaba hamAre cirantana kAla se cala rahA hai aura anantakAla vicAroM meM anekAnta dRSTi ho| anekAnta kI taka calatA rhegaa| isI meM mAnava-samAja kI manobhUmikA ke binA bAhya AcaraNa meM ahiMsA pragati kA mApa nihita haiM / asala meM manuSya svabhAva vyApta nahIM ho sakatI / anekAnta dRSTi ke vikAsa kI vizeSatA hai ki use apanI vartamAna sthiti se ke binA hamAre bAhya jIvana meM jo ahiMsA dIkha santoSa nahIM hotaa| bItA kSaNa usake lie jIrNa par3atI hai vaha mAtra loka saMskAra yA loka rUr3hi hai| ho jAtA hai| vaha pratikSaNa nUtanatA kA prAkAMkSI isIlie nIMva hai pora ahiMsA kalaza hai| kalaza hotA hai| vaha cAhatA hai ki use kucha aisI upa.. hamArI zobhA hai. lekina prAdhAra to anekAnta hI labdhi ho jo apUrva ho| isakA eka kAraNa graha ho sakatA hai| nIMva kI majabUtI para hI kalaza Tika bhI hai ki pratyeka nayI pIr3hI purAnI pIr3hI ke kandhe sakatA hai / para car3hakara kucha dUra kA dekhatI hai| udaya aura dArzanika kSetra meM anekAnta vastu yA dravya kI asta para hI pragati kA pula nirmita hotA hai| svatantra sattA kA udghoSa karatA hai| dravya yA sat ___ satya kI khoja meM nirata mAnava kI bhaTakana kI svatantra sattA vilakSaNAtmaka hai arthAt usa meM bhI kama nahIM hai / vaha vicAroM ke araNya meM, aagrh| utpatti vinAza tathA sthAyitva ye tIna lakSaNa ke giri-zikharoM para, virodha ke sAgara meM aura nirantara rahate haiN| ina tIna mUla lakSaNoM meM se ekAkIpana ke zmazAna meM bhaTaka gayA hai, kho gayA kisI eka ko yA usake bhI kisI viziSTi aMza hai| vaha satya kA sparza karanA cAhatA hai, lekina ko apane siddhAnta kA prAdhAra mAnane vAle satya chipa jAtA hai| andhe kI bhAMti hAthI ke mata-matAntaroM meM samanvaya sthApita karane aura kisI eka avayava ko pakar3a kara usane mAna liyA unakI ekAnta dhAraNA yA mAnyatA kA nirasana hai ki satya yahI aura utanA hI hai| prAgraha itanA karane ke lie jainAcAryoM ne anaginata prayAsa kiye tIvra aura teja hai ki A~kha khulatI hI nahIM prora haiN| isase anekAnta uttarottara zAstrIya evaM vaijJAkholanA cAhatA bhI nahIM / viveka netra kA nAma hI nika rUpa grahaNa karatA gayA hai| bihArI-satasaI anekAnta hai| viveka kI AMkha khulate hI sampUrNa ke na jAne kitane artha upalabdha haiM / kAlidAsa ke hAthI kA darzana hone lagatA hai aura prAgraha ahaMkAra meghadUta ko pAzrvAbhyudaya kAvya meM eka-eka caraNa kI pakar3a chUTa jAtI hai| pratikUlatA anakulatA meM ke rUpa meM samAviSTa karake prAcArya jinasena ne badala jAtI hai| dUsare kA mithyA satya pratIta hone meghadUta ko nayA-gaurava pradAna kara diyaa| gosvAmI lagatA hai| isa vizva meM tatva yA astitva kI tulasIdAsa kRta rAmacaritamAnasa kI "saba kara dRSTi se pravAstavika yA yathArtha kucha nahIM hai| isa mata khaganAyaka ehA / kariya rAmapada paMkaja nehA / " virATa sRSTi meM praNa se lekara brahmANDa taka saba caupAI ke 16 lAkha taka artha kiye jA cuke haiM / kucha satya aura vAstavika hai-usI kA vistAra hai| eka hI zabda ke aneka paraspara virodhI artha karane parivartanazIlatA kA darzana to mAtra paryAyasApekSa ke hajAroM udAharaNa vizva sAhitya meM milate haiN| hai, jaise ki eka pUrI philma ke yA dRzya ke saikar3oM samaya ke thaper3e khAkara zabda aura dhvaniyoM ke artha ttukdd'e| badala gaye haiN| hama apanI hI bAta ke spaSTIkaraNa jainAcAryoM ne jIvana-santulana evaM samatA- ke lie bAra-bAra tAtparya aura matalaba kA sahArA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-95

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lete rahate haiM / gAMdhIjI hamezA kahate the ki merI kala kI bAta aba vyartha samajhanI cAhie / vizva kA kathA-sAhitya paraspara virodhI evaM anantamukhI anubhUtiyoM evaM pravRttiyoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kI dRSTi se bar3A mUlyavAna hai| ina saba se spaSTa hai ki pratyeka vyakti anekAntI hotA hai zraura vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki anekAntI hue binA koI jIvita raha bhI nahIM sakatA / anekAnta kA zabdagata zrartha aneka + anta arthAt aneka dharmAtmakatA hai| pratyeka vastu yA padArtha meM aneka dharma hote haiM / eka samaya meM eka sAtha koI bhI vyakti vastu ke aneka dharmoM kA pratipAdana nahIM kara sakatA / aneka kA artha eka se bhinna bhI hotA hai / bhinna meM do se lekara ananta taka samAviSTa haiN| vastu meM aneka dharmoM ke astitva kI sArthakatA yA upayogitA unake dhyAna meM nahIM zrAtI sukha-duHkha, nitya- anitya, sat prasat zAzvata - prazAzvata Adi vividha dvandvoM kA apekSA mUlaka sampUrNa astitva pratyeka padArtha meM nirantara rahatA hai, yaha bAta kevala jainadarzana ne hI vyavasthita evaM zAstrIya rUpa se pratipAdita kI hai / anekAnta ke sAtha-sAtha syAdvAda zabda kA prayoga bhI hotA hai| loka-vyavahAra meM donoM ekArtha vAcaka haiM | donoM zranyonyAzrita haiN| jahAM anekAnta vastu ke samasta dharmoM kI ora samagra rUpa se hamArA dhyAna khIMcatA hai, vahA~ syAdavAda vastu ke eka dharmaM kA hI pradhAna rUpa se bodha karAtA hai| vividha dharmAtmaka vastu hamAre lie kisa prakAra upayogI ho sakatI hai, yaha batalAnA syAdvAda kA kArya hai / anekAnta lakSya hai aura syAdvAda ise prApta karane kA sAdhana | syAduvAda eka vacanapaddhati yA abhivyakti kI praNAlI haiM, jo vastu ke eka eka dharma kA pratipAdana naya sApekSa dRSTi se karatI hai / jainadarzana meM 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga sApekSa kathaMcit ke prathaM meM hotA hai / anya dArzanikoM ne 1-96 syAt kA artha zAyada, sambhavataH, 'ho sakatA hai, 'kisI taraha ' kiyA hai jo sarvathA galata hai / prAkRta- pAlI zrAdi prAcIna jana bhASAoM meM 'syAt' zabda ke prayoga kA vizleSaNa karate hue sva0 DA0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ne likhA hai koI aisA zabda nahIM hai jo vastu ke pUrva rUpa kA sparza kara sake / hara zabda eka nizcita dRSTikoNa se prayukta hotA hai aura apane vivakSita dharma kA pratipAdana karane kI zakti hai, taba yaha zrAvazyaka ho jAtA hai ki pravivakSita zeSa dharmoM kI sUcanA ke lie eka pratIka avazya ho, jo vaktA dhaura zrotA ko bhUlane na de / syAt zabda yahI karatA hai / vaha zrotA ko vivakSita dharma kA pradhAnatA se jJAna karAke bhI zravivakSita dharmoM ke astitva kA dyotana karAtA hai / syAt zabda jisa dharma ke sAtha prayukta hotA hai, usakI sthiti kamajora na karake vastu meM rahane vAle tatpratipakSI dharma kI sUcanA detA hai / anekAnta kA AdhAra nayavAda hai| yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki syAdvAda vastu kA pratipAdana kisI prapekSA se pUrNarUpa meM karatA hai aura naya usa vastu ko jJAtA ke abhiprAya vizeSa ke sandarbha meM aMzarUpa meM prakaTa karatA hai / zrabhiprAya, sandarbha, kAla, zabda, dhvani, arthaM zrAdi ke AdhAra para nayoM ke aneka uttara-bheda ho sakate haiM / syAdvAda ko saptabhaMgI nyAya bhI kahate haiM / saptabhaMgI kA artha hai vastu ke astitva yA sattA kA vidheya aura niSedha paraka kathana ke prakAra / vastu hai bhI nahIM bhI haiM aura hai- nahIM donoM bhI hai zrora donoM rUpa anirvacanIya bhI haiM / isa prakAra sAta prakAra se vastu-darzana kiyA jAtA hai| ghar3A-ghar3A hai bhI, ghar3A nahIM bhI hai - anya kucha hai / hama kaise kaha sakate haiM ki ghar3A ghar3A yA miTTI hI hai yA nahIM hai, kyoMki usake kaNa-kaNa meM na jAne kitane tatva, kitanI UrjA, kitanI sambhAvanAeM haiN| isIlie vaha zravirvacanIya bhI hai / yaha bar3I gaharI paiTha hai / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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satya taka pahuMcane ke lie yaha saptabhaMgI nyAya bahuta samasyAeM hala kI jA sakatI haiM, sAre vivAda dUra upayogI hai| kiye jA sakate haiN| zarta itanI hI hai ki mana meM 'hI' aura 'bhI' ko lekara bhI bahuta galataphahamI apana apane vicAra ke prati dRr3hatA to rahe, para prAgraha na hai / anekAntI vyakti prAgraha, ahaMkAra yA abhi rahe aura dUsare ke vicAroM meM nihita satyAMza ko nivezavaza arthAt dUsare ke dRSTikoNa yA vicAra grahaNa karane kI tatparatA rahe / anyathA to jaise kA tiraskAra karane ke lie 'hI' kA prayoga kadApi ahiMsA dhIre-dhIre jar3a karmakANDa yA lIka pITane kI nisteja prakriyA mAtra raha gayI, vaise hI anekAMta nahIM kregaa| bhI' kA prayoga isa tathya kI sUcanA hai ki isake atirikta aura bhI bahuta kucha usameM ke sAtha bhI khilavAr3a kiyA jA sakatA hai / garbhita hai| hA~, jIvana meM bAra-bAra 'hI' kA bhI jaise tAlI donoM hAthoM se bajatI hai, vINA ke prayoga karanA par3atA hai / 'hI' kA prayoga kiye binA tAroM se svara aMgaliyoM ke sparza se hI nikalatA bAta meM dRr3hatA nahIM paatii| DhIlI yA saMzayAspada hai, dadhi kA manthana rassI ke donoM siroM ko AgebAta kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| aMza kathana kI pIche ghumAne se hotA hai, hamAre pairoM meM gati donoM pUrNatA ke lie 'hI' kA prayoga pAvazyaka hai, lekina pairoM ko Age bar3hAne se hI pAtI hai, hamArI indriyAM jahA~ apekSA kA spaSTa nirdeza ho vahAM 'hI' lagAnA pArasparika sahayoga para hI apanA kAma karatI haiM, prAvazyaka ho jaaegaa| usI prakAra samAja kA jIvana virodhoM ke samanvaya Upara ke vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki anekAnta. se calatA hai / yahA~ rAjanItika kSetra ke do mahAn dRSTi ke binA jIvana cala nahIM sktaa| mAdhyAtmika deza sevakoM ke do vacana isa sandarbha meM dekara maiM evaM dArzanika kSetra meM to usakI upayogitA aura apanI bAta samApta karUgA / aMgrejI rAjya ke sArthakatA nirvivAda hai, sAmAjika evaM vyAvahArika jamAne meM paM0 javAharalAlajI neharU kahA karate the kSetroM meM bhI usakI upayogitA saMzaya se pare haiN| ki 'hama jhuka jAe~ge lekina TUTeMge nhiiN|' aura anekAnta hameM jIvana kI pAtratA pradAna karatA hai| netAjI subhASacandra bosa kahA karate the ki 'hama TUTa jIvana kI pAtratA kA prAdhAra satyaniSThA aura jAeMge lekina jhukeMge nahIM / ' ye donoM vacana paraspara satyagrAhitA hai aura yaha mAnava mAtra ke prati Adara virodhI pratIta hote haiM, lekina donoM vacana hameM bhAva para nirbhara hai| anekAnta kI maryAdA itanI aMgreja saltanata ke khilApha eka hI jagaha pahaMcate vistRta aura vyApaka hai ki usase vizva kI sArI haiN| mahAvIra-vANI 1. prAtmA ananta jJAna aura sukhamaya hai / sukha kahIM bAhara se nahIM pAtA / 2. yadi sahI dizA meM puruSArtha kiyA jAya to pratyeka prAtmA bhagavAn bana sakatA hai| bhagavAn koI alaga se nahIM hote| 3. saba prAtmAe samAna haiM / koI choTA bar3A nahIM hai| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-97

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mahAvIra uvAca zuddha bhAvanA zrI motIlAla surANA, indaura zrI motIlAla surAnA, indaura suhasAyagassa samarassa, sAyA ulaggassa nigAmR sAIssa / uccholaNA pahoassa, dullahA sugaI tArisamassa / / -dazavakAlika satra4/126 bhAvaraNA jogazuddhappA jaleragAvA va prAhivA / chure kA upayoga kare DAkU aura ddaakttr| eka cAhe mAranA, dUsarA rakSaka banakara / / billI muMha meM pakar3atI, cUhe ko va nija zizu ko eka ko cAhe mAranA dUsare kI paravariza kare // bhAvoM kA pariNAma bhinna hai, zuddha bhAvoM kI mahimA hai / / bAlaka ko bAlaka yadi mAre, bhAva dveSa kA bIca meN| usI putra ko pitA pITe to, sudhAra bhAva hai cita meM / jo bhI ho samAna kriyA to, bhAvoM meM to badalA hai / jala meM naukA tiratI jAtI, pAra kaI laga jAte haiN| zuddha hRdaya vAle bhI dharmI nizcita zivapurI pAte haiM / / sAdhu banakara koI sAdhaka, cAhe pAnA sukha bnaavttii| jivhA jisakI cakhanA cAhe, mAla malidA cATa-caTapaTI / / tana dhove jo sajane khAtira, zayana kare gAdI takiye para / viSayoM meM jisakA mana lalace, nahIM use ho mokSa prApti / 1-98 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 11

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jainadarzana pratyeka dravya ko svataMtra sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai| usakI nizcaya dRSTi se yaha mAnyatA hai ki eka padArtha dUsare padArtha kA kucha nahIM bigAr3a sakatA / prAtmA svayaM hI apane karmodaya se sukha duHkha jIvana-maraNa pAtA hai, koI anya isameM kAraNa nahIM hai| isalie vaha aise Izvara kI sattA se bhI iMkAra karatA hai jo jagata kA kartA-hartA tathA jIvoM ko sukha duHkha kA dene vAlA ho / yaha sampUrNa nibaMdha lekhaka ne kevala nizcaya dRSTi kA prAzraya lekara likhA hai / prAcArya umAsvAti ne jo 'sukha du kha-jIvitamaraNopagrahAzca' parasparopagraho jIvAnAm prAdi sUtroM meM jo pudgala ko jIva ke sukha-dukha jIvana maraNa kA kAraNa batAyA hai yaha vyavahAra dRSTi se hai jisakI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| pra0 sampAdaka jaina-darzana kA tAtvika pakSa : vastu svAtantrya * DA. hukamacanda bhArilla, jayapura jaina darzana meM vastu ke lie anekAntAtmaka ko svatantratA kI ajAna kArI hI paryAya kI paratantratA svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, usameM vastu- hai| paryAya ke vikAra ke kAraNa maiM paratantra ha" svAtantrya ko sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa sthAga prApta hai| aisI mAnyatA hai, na ki para padArtha / svabhAva-paryAya usameM mAtra jana-jana kI svatanyatA kI hI carcA ko to paratantra koI nahIM mAnatA para vikArInahIM, apitu karaNa-karaNa kI pUrNa svatantratA kA satarka paryAya ko paratantra kahA jAtA hai / usakI paratantratA va sazakta pratipAdana humA hai| usameM 'svatantra honA kA arthamAtra itanA hai ki vaha paralakSya se utpanna hai' kI carcA nahIM 'svatantra hai' kI ghoSaNA kI gaI huI hai| para ke kAraNa kisI dravya kI koI paryAya utpanna nahIM hotii| hai| 'honA hai' meM svatantratA kI nahIM, paratantratA kI svIkRti hai| honA hai' arthAt nahIM hai| jo hai vizva kA pratyeka padArtha pUrNa svatantra evaM pariuse kyA honA ? svabhAva se pratyeka vastu svatantra manazIla hai, vaha apane pariNamana kA kartA-dhartA hI hai| jahAM honA hai' kI carcA hai, vaha paryAya kI svayaM hai usake pariNamana meM para kA hastakSepa raMcamAtra carcA hai| jise svabhAva kI svatantratA samajha meM bhI nahIM hai| yahA~ taka ki paramapitA paramezvara prAtI hai, pakar3a meM prAtI hai, anubhava meM prAtI hai, (bhagavan ) bhI usakI sattA evaM pariNamana kA kartAusakI paryAya meM svatantratA prakaTa hotI hai arthAt hartA nahIM hai, dUsaroM ke pariNamana arthAt kArya meM usako svatantra paryAya prakaTa hotI hai| hastakSepa kI bhAvanA hI mithyA, niSphala aura duHkha kA kAraNa hai| kyoMki saba jIvoM ke jIvana maraNa, vastutaH paryAya bhI paratantra nahIM hai| svabhAva sukha-du kha svayaM kRta karma ke phala haiN| eka-dUsare ko mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-99

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eka-dUsare ke duHkha sukha aura jIvana-maraNa kA kartA mAnanA prajJAna hai / so hI kahA hai sarva sadaiva niyataM bhavati svakIyakarmodayAnmaraNajIvataduHkhasaukhyam / zrajJAnametadiha yattu para: parasya, kuryAtpumAnmaraNajIvitaduHkhasaukhyam // ' yadi eka prANI ko dUsare ke duHkha-sukha aura jIvana-maraNa kA kartA mAnA jAe to phira svayaMkRta zubhAzubha karma niSphala sAbita hoge / kyoki prazna yaha hai ki hama bure karma kareM aura koI dUsarA vyakti, cAhe vaha kitanA hI zaktizAlI kyoM na ho, kyA vaha hameM sukhI kara sakatA hai ? isI prakAra hama acche kArya kareM aura koI vyakti, cAhe vaha Izvara hI kyoM na ho, kyA hamArA burA kara sakatA hai ? yadi hA~, to phira acche kArya karanA bure kAryo se DaranA vyartha hai kyoMki unake phala ko bhoganA to zrAvazyaka hai nahIM ? aura yadi yaha sahI hai ki hameM apane acche bure karmoM kA phala bhoganA hI par3egA to phira para ke hastakSepa kI kalpanA nirarthaka hai / isI bAta ko zramitagati prAcArya ne isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai :-- svayaM kRtaH karmayadAtmanA purA phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubham / pareNa dattaM yadi labhyate sphuTaM svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthaka tadA || nijAjitaM karma vihAya dehino, na kopi kasayapi dadAti kiMca ja / vicArayantevamananyamAnasaH paro dadAtIti vimucya zemuSIm // 2 AcArya zramRtacandra to yahA~ taka kahate haiM ki para dravya zrIra zrAtma tatva meM koI bhI sambandha nahIM hai to phira kartA karma sambandha kaise ho sakatA hai / 1-100 nAsti sarvo'pi saMbaMdha: paradravyAtmatatvayoH / kartR karmatvasaMbaMdhAbhAve tatkatA kutaH // vibhinna dravyoM ke bIca sarva prakAra ke sambandha kA niSedha hI vastutaH pUrNa svatantratA kI ghoSaNA hai / para ke sAtha kisI bhI prakAra ke sambandha kI svIkRti paratantratA ko hI batAtI hai / anya sambandhoM kI apekSA kartA-karma sambandha sarvAdhika paratantratA kA sUcaka hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzana meM kartAvAda kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA hai / kartAvAda ke niSedha kA tAtparya mAtra itanA nahIM hai ki koI zaktimAna Izvara jagata kA kartA nahIM hai, zrapitu yaha bhI hai ki koI bhI dravya kisI dUsare dravya kA kartA hartA nahIM hai| kisI eka mahAn zakti ko samasta jagata kA kartA hartA mAnanA eka kartAvAda hai to paraspara eka dravya ko dUsare dravya kA kartA hartA mAnanA aneka kartAvAda | jaba-jaba kartAvAda vA akartAvAda kI carcA calatI hai, taba-taba prAyaH yahI samajhA jAtA hai ki jo Izvara ko jagata kA kartA mAne vaha kartAvAdI hai aura jo Izvara ko jagata kA kartA na mAne vaha kartAfvAdI / cUMki jainadarzana Izvara ko jagata kA kartA nahIM mAnatA, ataH vaha akartAvAdI darzana hai / jaina darzana kA prakartAvAda mAtra IzvaravAda ke niSedha taka hI sImita nahIM, kintu samasta parakartRtva ke niSedha evaM svakartRtva ke samarthana rUpa hai / kartAvAda kA artha Izvara-kartRtva kA niSedha mAtra to hai hI nahIM, para mAtra kartRtva ke niSedha taka bhI sImita nahIM, svayaM kartRtva para AdhArita hai / akartAvAda yAni svayakartAvAda / pratyeka dravya apanI pariNati kA svayaMkartA hai| usake pariNamana meM para kA raMcamAtra bhI hastakSepa nahIM hai / svayaM kartRtva hone para bhI usakA bhAra bhI jaina darzana ko mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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svIkAra nahIM, kyoMki vaha saba sahaja svabhAvavat hU~ aura para jIva mujhe mArate haiM-vaha mUDha hai, pariNamana hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sarvazreSTha ajJAnI hai, aura isase viparIta mAnane vAlA digambara prAcArya kundakunda ne apane sarvAdhika jJAnI hai| mahatvapUrNa grantha samayasAra ke kartA-karma adhikAra meM IzvaravAda ke niSedha kI to carcA taka hI nahIM ___ jo jIva yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM para-jIvoM ko ko aura sampUrNa bala kartRtva ke niSedha evaM jJAnI / jA jilAtA (rakSA karatA) hU~ aura parajIva mujhe ko vikAra ke bhI katatva kA prabhAva siddha karane / ne jilAte (rakSA karate) haiM vaha mUr3ha hai, ajJAnI hai, para diyaa| jo samasta katatva evaM karmatva ke bhAra Ara isasa viparA aura isase viparIta mAnane vAlA jJAnI hai| se mukta ho, use hI jJAnI kahA hai / jo yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM para jIvoM ko sukhIkunda-kRnda kI samasyA apane ziSyoM ko Izvara duHkhI karatA hU~ aura parajIva mujhe sukhI-duHkhI vAda se ubhArane kI nahIM varana mAnyatA meM pratyeka karate haiM, vaha mUr3ha hai, ajJAnI hai aura isase viparIta vyakti svayaM eka choTA-moTA Izvara banA pA hai mAnane vAlA jJAnI hai| paura mAne baiThA hai ki "mai apane kuTumba, parivAra meM jIvoM ko TakhI-sakhI karatA hai. vAMdhatA deza va samAja ko pAlatA hU~', unheM sukhI karatA hU~ hU~ tathA chur3AtA hU~ aisI jo terI mUr3hamati (mohita aura zatrumAdika ko mAratA hU~' evaM du:khI karatA baddhi) haiM vaha nirarthaka hone se vAstava meM mithyA hU~ athavA mai bhI dUsare ke dvArA sukhI-duHkhI kiyA hai| jAtA hU' yA mArA bacAyA jAtA huuN|" isa mithyA mAnyatA se bacAne kI thii| ataH unhoMne kartAvAMda unakA prakartRtvavAda "mAtra Izvara jagata kA sambandhI ukta mAnyatA kA kaThoratA se niSedha kiyA / kartA nahIM hai" ke niSedhAtmaka mArga taka sImita hai / unhIM ke zabdoM meM : hai| vaha bhI isalie ki ve jaina haiM aura jaina darzana jo maNadi hiMsAmi ya hiMsijjAmi Izvara ko jagata kA kartA nahIM mAnatA hai, ataH ve ya parehi sttohiN| bhI nahIM maante| so mUr3hAM prarANANI pANI eto du vivarIdo Izvara ko kartA nahIM mAnane para bhI svayaM 1247 // jo maNNAdi jIvemi va jIvijjAmi kartRtva unakI samajha meM nahIM paataa| ataH jar3a .ya parehiM sttehi| __ karma ko kartA kahate dekhe jAte haiN| jar3a-karma ke so mUDhI aNNANI pANI eto sadbhAva konija ke vikAra kA kartA aura usake du vivarodI / / 2500 prabhAva kA svabhAva ko kartA mAnane vAloM se to jo aNaNA du maNNAdi dukkhida IzvaravAdI hI acche the| kyoMki ve apane acchesahide karomi saste ti| bure kartRtva kI bAgaDora eka sarva-zaktisampanna so muDho apNANI NANI eto da vivarodI cetana Izvara ko to sauMpate haiM, inhoMne to jaDakarma ke 125311 hAtha apane ko becA hai| isa prakAra se ye loga dukhidasuhide jIve karemi badhemi taha vimocemi| bhI IzvaravAdI hI haiM kyoMki inhone cetanezvara ko jo esA mUDhamaI riNaratyayA sA hu demicchA / / 266 // svIkAra na kara, jaDezvara ko svIkAra kiyA hai / jo yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM para jIvoM ko mAratA para ke sAtha prAtmA kAraNatAka ke sambandha mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-101

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kA niSedha pravacanasAra kI "tatva pradIpikA" TIkA hai, aura vaha parivartana bhI kabhI-kabhI nahIM nirantara meM isa prakAra kiyA hai| huprA karatA hai| prato na nizcayataH pareNa sahAtmanaH yaha samasta jagata parivartanazIla hokara bhI kArakatva saMbaMdho'sti // nitya hai aura nitya hokara bhI parivartanazIla / yaha nityAnityAtmaka hai| isakI nityatA svata: siddha jIva karma kA pora karma jIva kA kartA nahIM hai aura parithartana svabhAvagata dharma / hai| isa bAta ko paMcAstikAya meM isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA gayA hai : nityatA ke samAna pranityatA bhI vastu kA svarUpa hai sat utpAda vyaba dhauvya se yukta hotA kuvvaM sagaM sahAva prattA kattA sagassa bhAvassa / hai| utpAda aura vyaya-parivartanazIlatA kA nAma Na hi poggalakammAraNaM idi jiNavayaraNaM muNeyadhvaM hai aura dhrauvya nityatA kaa| pratyeka padArtha utpAda. 161 // vyaya-dhrauvya se yukta hai / prataH vaha dravya hai / dravya karma pi sagaM kuvvadi saNa sahAveNa sammamaraNAraNaM / guNa aura parvAyavAra hotA hai / jo dravya ke sampUrNa jIvo vi ya tAriso kammasahAveNa bhAveNa // 620 bhAgoM aura samasta avasthAnoM meM rahe use guNa kahate kammaM kammaM kumvadi jadi sA haiM tathA guNoM ke pariNamana ko paryAya kahA jAtA hai / appA karedi appANaM / kidha tassa phalaM bhuNjAdi prappA pratyeka pravya meM anaMta ananta guNa hote haiM, kammaM ca dedi phalaM // 631 jinheM do bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai / sAmAnya guNa aura vizeSa guNa / sAmAnya guNa saba papane svabhAva ko karatA huA prAtmA apane dravyoM meM samAna rUpa se pAye jAte haiM aura vizeSabhAva kA kartA hai, pudgala karmoM kA nhiiN| aisA guNa apane-apane dravya meM pRthaka-pRthaka hote haiM / jina bacana jAnanA cAhie / sAmAnya guNa bhI annata hote haiM aura vizeSa kama bhI apane svabhAva se apane ko karate haiM bhI ananta / ananta guNoM kA kathana to sambhava aura usI prakAra jIva bhI karma svabhAva bhAva se nahIM hai / ataH yaha sAmAnya guNoM kA varNana zAstroM apane ko karatA hai / yadi karma-karma ko aura AtmA meM milatA hai : mAtmA ko kare so phira kama prAtmA ko phala kyoM degA aura prAtmA usakA phala kyoM bhogegA ? ra astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, prayuslaghutva, arthAt nahIM bhogegaa| pradezatva / jahA kartAvAdI dArzanikoM ke sAmane jagata pratyeka dravya kI sattA apane astitva guNa ke IzvarakRta hone se sAdi svIkAra kiyA gayA hai kAraNa hai na ki para ke kaarnn| isI prakAra pratyeka vahAM akartAvAdI yA svayaM kartAvAdI jaina-darzana ke dravya meM eka dravyatva guNa bhI hai jisake kAraNa anusAra yaha vizva anAdi anaMta hai, ise na to pratyeka dravya prati samaya pariNamita hotA hai, use kisI ne banAyA hai aura na hI koI isakA vinAza apane pariNamana meM para ke sahayoga kI apekSA nahIM kara sakatA hai, yaha svayaM siddha hai, vizva kA kabhI rahatI hai| ataH koI bhI apane pariNamana meM bhI sarvathA nAza nahIM hotA, mAtra parivartana hotA paramukhApekSI nahIM hai| yahI usakI svatantratA kA 1-102 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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prAdhAra hai| astitva guNa pratyeka dravya kI sattA atyAntAbhAva hone ke kAraNa bhI usakI svatantratA kA prAdhAra hai 'paura dravyatva guNa pariNamana kaa| akhaNDita rahatI hai| jahAM atyantabhAva dravyoM kI magurUlaghutva guNa ke kAraNa eka dravya kA dUsare meM svatantratA kI du'dubhi bajAte haiM / praveza sambhava nahIM hai| sadbhAva ke samAna prabhAva bhI vastu kA dharma jaina darzana ke svAtantrya siddhAnta ke prAdhAra hai| kahA bhI hai : bhUta ina saba viSayoM kI carcA jaina darzana meM vistAra se kI gaI hai| inakI vistRta carcA "bhavatyabhAvo'pi ca vastudharmAH / "7 karanA yahAM na to saMbhava hai aura na apekSita / prabhAva cAra prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai : jinheM jijJAsA ho jinheM jaina darzana kA hArda prAkbhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva jAnanA ho, unheM usakA gambhora adhyayana karanA eka dravya kA dUsare dravya kA dUsare dravya meM caahie| 1. prAcArya amRtacandra ; samayasAra kalaza 168 2. bhAvanA dvAtriMzatikA (sAmAyika pATha) chaMda 30-31 3. prAcArya amRtacandra : samayasAra kalaza 200 4. prAcArya kundakunda : samayasAra, baMdha adhikAra 5. pAcArya umAsvAmI : tatvArthasUtra, adhyAya-5 sUtra -30 6. vahI adhyAya-5 sUtra-38 7. prAcArya samantabhadraH yuktyanuzAsana : kArikA 39 mahAvIra-vANI 1. pratyeka prAtmA svatantra hai koI kisI ke prAdhIna nahIM hai / 2. pAtmA hI nahIM, vizva kA pratyeka padArtha svayaM pariNamanazIla hai| usake pariNamana meM para padArtha kA koI hastakSepa nahIM hai| 3. Izvara jagat kA kartA hartA nahIM hai| vaha to mAtra jJAtA draSTA hai| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-103

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AAAAAAA 1-104 matabheda nahIM aba raha pAye Q * munizrI mAnamalajI matabheda sadA se calate haiM mana bheda nahIM aba raha pAye 1 mana bhedoM ke kAraNa kitane dharmoM dharmoM meM dvandva huvA pariNAma bhayaMkara jaharIlA bolo kaba usakA banda huvA zoSita kI lAla kahAnI phira se na ubhara kara matabheda sadA se calate haiM mana bheda nahIM aba raha ye pAMcoM 'guliyA~ apanA zrastitva svayaM kA rakhatI haiM tana poSaNa jaba karanA ho bhojana milamila saba cakhatI haiM aisA hI aikya dharma jaga ke netA phira dikhalAyeM mata bheda sadA se calate haiM mana bheda nahIM aba raha pAyeM // jhADU kA hara tinakA dekho yadi bikhara gayA to miTatA hai dhArmika netAo suno suno yuga kA svara jo aba uThatA hai -C/8 A pAye pAye 11 prAstikatA khatare meM sArI mila kara calanA zraba zrA jAye mata bheda sadA se calate haiM mana bheda nahIM aba raha pAye // ('ahiMsA vANI' se sAbhAra ) AAAAAAAAAAAAG Swa mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 AAAAAA

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prAja vizva kA vAtAvaraNa strI svAtaMtrya aura samAnAdhikAra ke nAre se guJjAyamAna ho rahA hai| nArI ko ucita adhikAra pradAna karAne hetu 'nArI varSa' manAyA jA cukA hai kintu usake apekSita phala na hote dekha aba varSa ke sthAna meM dazAbdI manAI jA rahI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM meM strI mukti ko lekara paryApta samaya se matabheda haiN| eka pakSa usakA samarthana karatA hai to dUsarA usakA virodh| donoM hI apane apane pakSa meM prabala tarka prastuta karate haiM kintu isa kAla meM strI to kyA puruSa bhI mukta nahIM ho sakatA ataH vartamAna meM yaha vivAda vyartha hai| phira bhI pAThaka donoM kI yuktiyoM se paricita ho apanI jJAnavRddhi kara sakeM tathA svataMtrarUpa se cintana kara sakeM etadartha lekhakake 40 pRSThoM ke lambe . lekha kA sAra hama yahAM prastuta kara rahe haiM / pAThaka isake atirikta aura koI artha isake prakAzana kA na lgaaveN| , ..... pra0 sampAdaka . sAra saMkSepa jaina tarka-vAGmaya meM strI mukti kA tArkika vivecana * DA0 lAlacanda jaina, vaizAlI prasiddha aitihAsika vidvAna dalasukha mAlava- prakAra puruSa usI bhava se mukta ho sakatA hai riNayA ke anusAra strI mukti kI dArzanika carcA vya- usI prakAra strI bhI, kyoMki kAraNa ke milane vasthita rUpa se sarvaprathama yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya para kAraNa kI niSpatti hotI hai| ... zAkaTAyana ne apane 'strI mukti prakaraNa' meM kii| isake pazcAt zvetAmbara aura digamgara donoM mokSa ke kAraNoM meM kisI bhI kAraNa kA AmnAyoM ke prAcAryoM ne usako AdhAra banA kara abhAva striyoM se nahIM hai / pratyakSa, anumAna tArkika bhitti para strImukti kA samarthana aura yA pAgama kisI bhI pramANa se striyoM meM virodha kiyaa| dvAdazAMgI yA mUlasUtra, chedasUtra Adi ratnatraya kA prabhAva siddha nahIM kiyA jA meM bhI isakA spaSTa vivecana dRSTigocara nahIM sktaa| pratyakSa indriyajJAna kA viSaya hai hotaa| lekhaka mAlavaNiyA pUrvokta mata se saha jabaki ratnatraya pratIndriya / pratyakSa se prasiddha viSaya meM anumAna kI gati nahIM hai| kisI mata hai| bhI Agama meM striyoM ke ratnatraya kA prabhAva 1. mokSa kA kAraNa ratnatraya prApta hone para jisa nahIM vatAyA hai| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-105

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2. karmakSaya karane rUpa mokSa ke kAraNa aura saMsAra kA kAraNa vastra nahIM rAgAdi haiN| strItva meM saha anavasthAna arthAt eka ke vastra kA prabhAva bhI mukti kA kAraNa nahIM -sadbhAva meM dUsare kA na honA jaise zIta ke hai kyoMki saba vastrarahita jIvoM kI mukti sadbhAva meM uSNatva kA prabhAva, virodha bhI nahIM hotii| kevala vastra mAtra grahaNa se nahIM haiN| sAdhu parigrahI nahIM ho sakatA nahIM to dhyAnastha muni para vastra DAlane se vaha bhI 3. 'sarvotkRSTa ratnatraya jo ki mokSa kA kAraNa parigrahI khlaavegaa| vastra kA sparzamAtra hai, striyoM meM nahIM hotA' yaha kahanA bhI ThIka bhI mukti lAbha meM bAdhaka nahIM hai kyoMki nahIM hai kyoMki isakA jJAna hama logoM ko tIrtha karoM ke aneka padArthoM kA sparza hone nahIM ho sktaa| para bhI mukti hotI hai / 'vastra jIvoM kI 4. avikala kAraNa aura strItva meM paraspara utpatti kA sthAna hai ata: strI makti nahIM parihAra sthiti lakSaNa virodha bhI nahIM hai| ho sakatI' kyoMki pramAda kA yoga hone para hI hiMsA hotI haiM aura pramAda ke abhAva meM 5. striyAM sAtave naraka taka nahIM jA sakatI hiMsA bhI ahiMsA hotI hai / 'striyAM puruSoM isalie unakI mukti nahIM ho sakatI' yaha --- dvArA vadanIya nahIM haiM ataH mukta nahIM ho bhI ThIka nahIM haiM kyoMki inameM avinAbhAva sakatIM' yaha tarka bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki sambandha nahIM hai| carama zarIrI bhI sAtaveM tIrtha kara kI mAtA ko to indra bhI pUjate haiN| naraka taka nahI jAte phira bhI mukta hote haiM / 'striyAM dUsaroM ko smaraNa nahIM karA sakatI isa kAraNa muphta nahIM ho sakatI' yaha bhI 6. 'bAdAdilabdhi ke abhAva ke kAraNa striyAM ... ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki aisA koI niyama nahIM mukta nahIM ho sakatIM, yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai| yadi aisA niyama ho to ziSya kamI .. hai kyoMki-.. mukta ho hI nahIM sakegA / (ka) mUka kevalI ko mokSa nahIM ho sakegA, 'yathAkhyAta cAritra' nahIM hone se strI mokSa nahIM 2 (kha) tatvAdhigama sUtra meM jo yaha kahA hai ki jA sakatIM yaha. kAraNa bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki . kevala sAmAyika padoM kA (tuSamASabhinna striyoM ke yathAkhyota cAritra ke kAraNa vrata upaprAdi) uccAraNa karake ananta jIva siddha ho vAsAdi hote haiN| .. gaye haiM vaha mithyA ho jAyagA / (ga) 'vAdAdi ... labyioM ke prabhAva hone se mokSa kA bhI ... jaba bhAva strI veda ghAlA. puruSa mukta ho sakatA - prabhAva mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| ... hai to dravya strI veda vAlI strI kyoM nahIM ho 7, 'alpazra ta jJAna ke kAraNa strI mukti saMbhava sktii| saMkSepa meM ye tarka strI mukti ke samarthana nahIM hai' yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai / tuSamASabhinna meM diye gaye haiN| isa viSaya ko vistAra se jAnane. . jJAna vAloM ko bhI mukti hone ke kathana ke lie strI mukti prakaraNa, lalita vistarA, zAstroM meM milate haiM nyAyAvatAra vArtika, nyAyakumudacandra , sanmati tarka prakaraNa, SaDdarzana samuccaya, zAstravArtA samucca ya 8. vastragrahaNa bhI mukti meM bAdhaka nahIM hai kyoMki prAdi granthoM ko dekhanA caahiye| 1-106 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77.

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tadbhava strI mukti ke virodhI nimna tarka aura vastra parigraha hai ataH saMyama kI utpatti meM prastuta karate haiM bAdhaka hai| 1. strI ke sAmAnya ratnatraya to hotA hai jo 7. pIchI kamaNDalu Adi parigraha na hokara mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM haiM nahIM to gRhastha ko bhI saMyama ke sAdhana haiM jo chor3e bhI jA sakate haiM kintu mokSa mAnanA par3egA / vizeSa ratnatraya strI meM isa strI vastra tyAga kabhI nahIM kara sktii| kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA ki usameM tIvra zubha aura 8. vastra kI taraha zarIra mUrchA kA kAraNa azubha bhAva donoM hI apane caramotkarSa rUpa meM nahIM .. nahIM hai| ho sakate / strI meM ratnatraya kI prakarSatA kA abhAva anumAna se siddha hai jaise ki zakaTa kA udaya vRttikA 9. striyAM sAdhuoM dvArA vaMdanIya nahIM haiM / ke udaya hone para hI hotA hai yadyapi donoM meM kArya- ghara para bhI puruSoM kA hI prAdhAnya hotA hai striyoM kAraNa sambandha nahIM haiN| kA nhiiN| ___10. striyoM meM parigraha sahana karane kI zakti 2. striyoM ke yoni, stana Adi sthAnoM meM nahIM hotii| unake uttama saMhanana kA prabhAva sUkSma jIva utpanna hote aura maraNa karate rahate haiM, hotA hai| mAsika dharma bhI hotA hai, svabhAva se hI ve bhIru prakRti kI hotI haiM isalie unake mukti ke yogya- 11. jisa jIva ke samyakdarzana kI utpatti zIla kA abhAva hai| ho jAtI hai vaha strI janma dhAraNa nahIM krtii| 3. striyAM svabhAva se caJcala hotI haiM ataH 12. prAyikAnoM ke mahAvrata upacAra se hote ve pramAdazIla hotI haiM unakA eka nAma pramadA hai vAstavika nahIM / unakI isI vizeSatA ke kAraNa hai| !3. SoDasa kAraNa bhAvanAoM se jo tIrtha'kara ___4. striyoM ke sAmAnya saMyama to hotA hai kintu prakRti kA bandha hotA hai usake phalasvarUpa puruSa hI mukti yogya vizeSa saMyama nahIM hotaa| yadi aisA tIrthakara ho sakate haiN| yadi strI tIrtha kara kI mukti hai to phira usakI strIrUpa meM pratimA banAkara nahIM hai to phira unake Rddhi vizeSa utpanna karane vAlA saMyama kyoM nahIM hotaa| kyoM nahIM pUjI jaatii| 14. dhyAnArUr3ha muni ko vastra pror3hA dene para 5. striyAM sacela hone se mukta nahIM ho sakatI nahIM to deza saMyamI ko bhI mukti mAnanI hogii| bhI vaha mamatva ke abhAva meM nirvastra hI hotA hai / isa viSaya kI vistRta jAnakArI ke lie nyAya6. striyAM gRhasthoM kI taraha hI vastra Adi kumudacandra, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, sUtra pAhur3a, yogaparigraha kI dhArI hone se mukta nahIM ho sktiiN| sAra, pravacanasAra, dhavalA, jJAnArNava, gommaTasAra sampUrNa parigrahoM ke tyAga para hI saMyama saMbhava hai Adi granthoM kA adhyayana karanA caahiye| 1-107 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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kyoM hotA hai aisA, ki eka nahIM cobasa - caubIsa tIrthaMGkaroM ke anuyAyI hama rahate haiM jahA~ ke tahA~ ? manAte haiM jayantiyA~ aura nirvAraNa tithiyA~ bhI phira bhI ina dIpoM kI jyoti se nikalane vAlA kAjala hI raha jAtA hai diloM meM / kyoM hotA hai aisA ki vIroM ke vaMzaja hama kahAte haiM kApuruSa digambara ke anuyAyI lAde rahate haiM parigraha ke vAde | maiM bahuta cintita hUM apanI aura apane samAja kI I-108 kyoM ? * prakAza zrameya, isa yathArthatA para ki hama hIroM kI khAna ke bane hue koyale | aura yadi hama haiM lohe to jaMga lage hue unheM RSabha kA pArasa pantha chUtA to hai para banA nahIM pAtA svariNama dhAtu / Apane apane aura apane samAja ke arntamana meM jhAMka kara dekhA hai kabhI ki hama jo 'levila' lagAye haiM vaha mAla nahIM hai hamAre andara prAkhira kyoM ? mathurA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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rAjasthAna jainasabhA ne gata varSa (san 1976) se eka naI pravRtti prArambha kI hai| vaha prativarSa uccamAdhyamika kakSA taka ke vidyArthiyoM ko jaina viSayoM para eka nibandha pratiyogitA kA Ayojana karane lagI hai / gatavarSa prathama aura dvitIya prAye nibandha pratiyogiyoM kI racanAe~ hama yahA~ prakAzita kara rahe haiM / pAThakoM se hamArA namra nivedana yaha hai ki ve ina nibaMdhoM ko usa hI stara kA samajhakara pddh'e| smArikA meM ina lekhoM kA prakAzana utsAhavarddhana hetu hai| pra. sampAdaka prathama janahita meM bhagavAna mahAvIra 8 zrI hemantakumAra jaina, jayapura jo devoM kA deva devatA, sAnoM ko dUra karane ke lie 'sarvodaya' kA nArA jisake caraNoM meM zraddhAnata / diyA jise hama sarvodayabAda kahate haiN| ye sabhI antara ke kaNa-kaNa se vandana, prayoga apane apane samayAnukula hI hue aura inameM janahitakArI usI bIra ko saMtata / / saphalatA bhI milii| __ Aja hama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2574 ve janma bhArata kI pavitra bhUmi AdikAla se hI divasa ke upalakSa meM isa prazna para vicAra kara rahe vibhinna vicAroM kI prayogazAlA rahI hai| yahAM haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo sandeza die, vo se mahApuruSa sadaiva hI isa prazna para gambhIratA se janatA ke lie kisa prakAra lAbhakArI hue ? evaM vicAra karate rahe haiM ki samAja ko sukha-zAMti kisa mAnava sabhyatA kisa prakAra dukhoM ke garta se bAhara tarIke se sulabha ho ske| nikala kara Upara kI ora utthii| samAja kalyANa ke lie rAma ne 'nIti' kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne janahita ke lie kyA-kyA prayoga kiyA, kRSNa ne 'rIti' kA prayoga kiyA, kArya kie ve nimna haiM : buddha ne 'karuNA' kA, to mahAvIra ne 'ahiMsA' va 'anekAnta' kA prayoga kiyaa| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne prAja kA mAnava maMhagAI se trasta haiN| vAstava anyAya ke pratikAra ke lie 'satyAgraha' kA prayoga meM isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? isakA kAraNa hai parigraha kiyA, to lenina ne samAja kI sabhI prakAra kI athavA saMcaya kI pravRtti / bhagavAn mahAbIra ne kahA viSamatAmoM ko dUra karane ke liye 'sAmyavAda' kA hai ki "saMcaya hI samasta pApoM kA mala hai|" prataH prayoga kiyaa| santa vinobA ne sAmAjika viSama. isa parigraha ko aparigraha se jItane ke lie saMcaya mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71 1-109

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evaM parigraha kI vRtti kA tyAga kara saMyama se rahanA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- sabhI samAna haiN| caahie| samAja meM taba taka sukha va amana caina nahIM hogA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki jisa prakAra jaba taka yaha mithyAbhimAna rhegaa| ataH sukha ko svarNa ko tapAkara evaM kasauTI para rakhakara usakI prApta karane ke lie samanvayavAda kA rAstA lo| parIkSA kI jAtI haiM, usI prakAra Apa mere vacanoM vAdoM kI duniyAM meM karmavAda apanA eka ko satyatA kI kasauTI para rakhakara parakhiye phira viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| karmavAda hI janadharma unako grahaNa kareM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki evaM jaina saMskRti kI gaharI evaM sudRDha nIMva hai jisa dharma kI granthoM kI bAteM saccI nahIM haiN| parantu para hI yaha bhavya prAsAda khar3A hai| manuSya apane manuSya kI viveka buddhi hI dharmagrahaNa kA pramANa prati phaloM se hI sukha evaM dukha bhugatatA hai| prApa hai| isa prakAra mahAvIra ne aise upadezoM se andha- TT to pApaka karma bandhana kSINa hoMge. vizvAsoM kA nAza kiyaa| aura pApa mokSa ko prApta kregeN| karmoM ke bandhanoM prAja kA yuga yuddhoM kI kagAra para khar3A hai| se chuTakArA pAne kA hI nAma mukti hai / bhagavAn zItayuddha kI hara samaya sambhAvanA banI rahatI hai| mahAvIra kI vANI, upadeza Izvara ke prAge gir3aparantu vizva zAnti ke lie sirpha eka hI sAdhana gir3Ane va pahADoM-parvatoM tIrtha sthAnoM para bhaTakane hai ahiMsA' / 'pahiMsA' kI amodha zakti ke sAmane kI zikSA nahIM dete| jaina sAdhaka apane bandhanoM ko sabhI zaktiyAM kuThita hotI dikhAI dene lagI haiN| kholane ke lie svayaM prAtmA ke dvArA kalyANa karate haiN| prataH pApa jaise karma karoge vaisA hI phala aAja pratyeka manuSya kahatA hai ki 'merA so pApako milegaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mokSa va saccA' parantu yaha samAja meM eka mithyAbhimAna sacce mArga ke lie tIna niyama batalAye-1. samyaka darzana 2. samyaka jJAna 3. samyaka cAritra / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki pratyeka vasta inake dvArA kalyANa ho sakatA hai| meM saccAI hai, use samajhane kI koziza karo, aura use grahaNa kro| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza koTi-koTi mAnavoM ke lie bahuta lAbhakArI siddha hue haiM / inake upabhArata ke svataMtra hone ke pazcAt bhI varga bheda dezoM ke zravaNa, manana va cintana se jJAna, preraNA va evaM jAti-pAMti kA bolabAlA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra puruSArtha kA saMcAra hotA hai| prAja ke yuga ko aise ne kahA hai ki isa samAja meM jAti kA sambandha upadezoM kI aAvazyakatA hai, evaM jIvana meM DhAlane karma se hai, janma se nhiiN| koI bhI manuSya cAhe kI bhii| kisI bhI jAti meM janma le,cAhe vaha kisI bhI deza kA ho, vaha mere dharma kI zItala chAyA meM baiThakara prAja kA puruSa na jAne kadama-kadama para kitanI pAvana bana sakatA hai| hiMsAeM karatA hai, bure kArya karatA hai| jarA sI dhana prApti ke lie kisI kI jAna lene meM bhI na bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI eka bar3I cuuktaa| bhAratIya itihAsa meM aise kaI udAharaNa vizeSatA hai-samanvayavAda / samanvayavAda kA artha mila jAyeMge jisameM putra, dhana yA rAjaprApti ke hai-kisI eka vastu ke bAre meM vibhinna dRSTi. lie pitA athavA nikaTa sambandhI kI hatyA kara koNoM se vicAra karanA / detaa| parantu hameM isa prakAra hiMsA se bacakara 1-110 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA cAhie / bhagavAn mahA- karane se| pApa una dIna-dukhiyoM kI sevA karo, vIra ne kahA hai ki hameM kisI ke jIne meM madada jo merI sevA se kahIM adhika zreyaskara haiM / vo karanI cAhie aura samaya pAne para svayaM kI bhI bhI mere bhakta mahIM jo merI prAjJA ko nahIM mAnate / pAhuti de denI caahie| maiM usa jIvana se ghRNA merI prAjJA hai ki prANI mAtra kI sevA karanA va karatA hUM evaM vyartha samajhatA hUM jo janahita meM kAma prANImAtra ko kaSTa nahIM pahacAnA / / meM na pA ske|" unhoMne jo dharma calAyA vo dharma haiM - jaina . dhrm| jainadharma eka bahuta hI acchA dharma hai / parantu bhagavAn ne janahita ke lie aneka mahattvapUrNa bama isake do bhAga kara diye gaye haiM-zvetAmbara aura kArya kie unameM se pramukha nimna hai : digambara / ___ hiMsA kI rokathAma : bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ye kucha matabheda hone ke kAraNa huA / parantu hiMsA ke viruddha bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa kArya kie| pe unhIM mAcisa aura tiliyoM ke samAna hai jo unhoMne hiMsA ke viruddha vyAkhyAna diye aura ahiMsA eka dUsare ke binA nAkAma ho jAtI hai| ko pramukha dharma btaayaa| kaI vyakti bhagavAn ke / vAstava meM jaina dharma ko dekhanA cAheM to eka upadezoM ko sunakara unake ziSya bana gaye / unameM kavi ke zabdoM meM nimna haiN| se pramukha gautama the| jinhoMne bhI kevalyajJAna prApta kara liyA evaM mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko saba jagaha antaI STi hai vahAM, arthAt videzoM taka phuNcaayaa| jahAM na pakSapAta kA jAla / karUNA-maitrI hai saba jIvoM para jahAM, unhoMne samAja meM hone vAle karmakANDoM kA jaina dharma hai vaha suvizAla || virodha kiyaa| unhoMne yajJoM kA bhI virodha kiyaa| vAstava meM bhagavAn mahAvIra, unake vacana, jisameM kaI pazuoM kI bali dI jAti thii| unhoMne unake upadeza pavitra aura pAvana haiN| unake upadezoM kahA isa prakAra ke yajJoM ke bajAya Apa ahiMsA se koTi-koTi mAnavoM ne zikSA lI haiM, leMge evaM rUpI yajJa kareM, jisase prApakA kalyANa ho apanA jIvana saphalatA kI tarapha agrasara karate haiM sakatA hai| va kareMge / mAnavoM va saba prANiyoM ke lie bhagavAn bhagavAna mahAvIra ne eka bAra kahA thA ki ve mahAvIra, unake upadeza, maMgala rUpa, jJAna rUpa aura mere bhakta nahIM hai jo merI pUjA karate haiM, sevA karate varadAna rUpa sAbita hote prAye haiM, ho rahe haiM aura haiM, mAlA pherate hai| mApa mere bhakta nahIM baneMge bhakti Age bhI hoNge| mahAvIra ne kahA saba prANiyoM meM eka jaisI prAtmA hai ataH dUsaroM ke sukha-duHkha ko hameM apanA jaisA samajhanA cAhiye / ghRNA kA pAtra pApa hai, pApI nahIM / ataH pApI ko pApa se chur3A kara use sanmArga para lAne kA prayatna karanA cAhiye / --bhagavAn mahAvIra mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 1-111

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dvitIya janahita meM bhagavAn mahAvIra * zrI jinendra kumAra seThI, jayapura janahita meM mahAvIra : Aja sArA saMsAra azAnti ke kagAra para khar3A Aja sArA saMsAra prazAnti va asantoSa ke hai / usakA kAraNa hiMsA hai| Aja mahAvIra ke kagAra para khar3A hai / cAroM ora azAMti hI azAnti upadeza ahiMsA kA saMsAra ke samasta prANI mAne to haiN| bhautika sukhoM kI prApti ke lie saMgharSa va aneka dezoM meM ho rahe yuddha baMda ho jAye jisase ki pArasparika IrSA ke kAraNa mAnava hI mAnava ke jo dhana vinAzakArI yuddha ke hathiyAroM; rakSA para khUna kA pyAsA ho rahA hai| mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kharca samApta ho jAye aura vaha dhana logoM kI bhalAI baMgAla va nikaTavartI rAjya bagAla meM vIbhatsa hatyA- ke lie lagAyA jA sakatA hai| dezoM ke bhItara aneka kANDoM kA jora hai / aneka dezoM ke madhya yuddha ho daMge hote haiM ve samApta ho jAye jisase ki vyartha meM rahA hai| vizva tRtIya vizva yuddha kI ora jA rahA hI aneka prAdamiyoM kI hatyA ho jAtI hai, begharabAra hai / dezoM ke pradara rAjanIti, dhArmika, jAtIya daMge ho jAte haiM, jo prAdamI roja kamAtA hai roja khAtA ho rahe haiM / aAja saMsAra meM jo lagabhaga 21 hajAra hai vaha daMge hone ke kAraNa nahIM kamA pAtA jisase varSa pUrva ho rahA thA vahI ho rahA hai| prAja bhI vaha khA nahIM pAtA hai| mahAvIra ke upadeza utane hI janahitakArI hai bhArata meM prAja vanya jIva jantu kama hote jA jitane kI Aja se 23 hajAra varSa pUrva mahAvIra ne rahe hai isakA kAraNa hai zikAra yAni hiMsA / Aja kahe the| mahAvIra bhagavAna ke upadeza hI aAja ahiMsA ke upadeza ko saMpAra ke samasta prANI saMsAra ko zAnti ke mArga para lA sakate haiN| mAneM to jo begunAha jAnavaroM kA zikAra kiyA mahAvIra bhagavAna ke upadeza kitane janahitakArI haiM jAtA hai, mAMsa khAyA jAtA hai vaha baMda ho sakatA usakA varNana nimnalikhita hai: hai aura samAja ko pazudhana se kAphI Arthika lAbha mahAvIra ke upadeza ho sakatA hai| mAsa se khAne se jo jAnavara kI 1. ahiMsA 2. aparigraha 3 satya 4. pracaurya bimArI ho jAtI hai vaha agara koI mAMsa nahIM 5. brahmacarya / khAyegA to ve bImAriyA nahIM hogii| ahiMsA : aneka dharmAcAryoM ne kahA ki kisI ataeva prAja saMsAra meM mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM jIva ko nahIM mAranA ahiMsA hai| lekina mahAvIra khAsakara ahiMsA kAphI janahitakArI hai| isase bhagavAn ne to yahAM taka kahA ki kisI ko bure yA hameM kAphI lAbha ho sakatA hai| kaTu vAkya jisase kisI jIva ko yA prANI ko Thesa aparigraha : hama koI gaDDhA khodate haiM to eka pahuce vahI hiMsA hai| tarapha miTTI kA Dhera laga jAtA hai dUsarI ora gaDhe 1-112 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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bAta 19 meM miTTI kA saMkaTa pA jAtA hai| prAja logoM meM mahAvIra svAmI meM dekhane ko milate haiM / mahAvIra saMgraha kI pravRti bar3hatI jA rahI hai| jisase eka svAmI ne yajJoM mAdi dhArmika kurutiyoM jinameM jIva pora to prAvazyakatA se adhika hotA jA rahA hai hatyA Adi ko samApta isalie nahIM karavAyA ki dUsarI ora logoM kA nasIba nahIM ho rahA hai| ve vaidika paramparAye thI balki pazudhana vana sampadA, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki apanI Avazya- usa samaya kI prAdhAra thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne katAoM ko sImita rkho| jitanI AvazyakatA ho yaha kahA ki ve kisa dharma ke bAre meM kaha rahe hai| utanA hI saMcaya kro| hama prAja isa upadeza ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne "jIpro aura jIne do' kahA mAne to jo blaika ho rahA vaha samApta ho jaaege| arthAt svayaM bhI jino kisI dUsaro ko kaSTa pahucA evaM pratyeka grAdamI ko apanI prAvazyakatA anusAra kara yA hiMsA karake nahIM apitu sAtha-sAtha svayaM vastue upalabdha ho skegii| bhI jImo va dUsare ko bhI jIne do| bhagavAna ___mahAvIra kA dvitIya upadeza aparigraha thA jo mahAvIra ne kahA ki syAdvAda arthAta jitanI apanI kAphI janahitakArI hai| bAta kahane kA adhikAra hai utanA hI kisI dUsare __ satya : hameM sadA satya bolanA caahie| jhUTha ko bAta sunane kA bhI / mahAvIra bhagavAna ne kahAnahIM bolanA caahie| Aja mahAvIra bhagavAna ke ki hama jo kArya soce use pUrva bhI karane ke prayatna upadeza ko mAne to beinsAphI samApta ho sakatI karanA caahie| mahAvIra svAmI ne strI-puruSa ke hai / jhUTha bolane se jo AdamI meM pArasparika irSyA bhada miTAne ke lie unhoMne striyoM ko dIkSA dii| hotI hai vaha satya bolane se nahIM hotI hai| mahAvIra svAmI ne amIra-garIba, jAta pAta, strI___ brahmacarya aura acaurya ke upadezoM meM mahAvIra puruSa Adi ke bheda miTAne ke lie kAphI prayatna bhagavAna ne yaha batAyA ki hameM saMyama se rahanA kiye / mahAvIra svAmI ne apane vizAla vaibhava ko cAhie / kisI dUsare ko dekhakara IrSA nahIM karanI 30 varSa kI Ayu meM chor3akara (tyAgakara) dIkSA cAhie / sAre samAja ke maMgala kI kAmanA karanI lI isakA yaha prasaMga hai ki prApta karane se adhika cAhie / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vyakti ke samAja se grAnanda prAtA hai| prAja agara hama prApta karane ke dAyitva kyA hai use batAyA vaha use hameM nibhAnA sthAna para tyAga deM to sArA saMgharSa samApta ho caahie| jaayegaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne saMsAra meM hone vAle saba dukhoM ko prAja se 2 hajAra pUrva dUra kiyA lekina unake upadeza prAja 21 hajAra varSa bAda hameM jarUrata prAja hamAre lie mahAvIra ke upadeza kAphI hai vizva zAnti ke lie| janahitakArI hai| mahAvIra svAmI ne jo kucha kahA ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana kI yahI sArthakatA hai usakA kAphI gaharAI taka niSkarSa nikalatA hai| hai ki hama unake jIvana se unake guNoM ko hamAre Aja hamAre kA zAMti ke mArga para jAnA cAhate ho jIvana meM utaare| mahAvIra bhagavAna meM prathama to hameM mahAvIra svAmI ke batAye hue upadezoM para tIrthakara RSabhanAtha kA yoga, nemInAtha kI karuNA, calanA cAhie mahAvIra svAmI ke upadeza kAphI pArzvanAtha kI sahiSNutA Adi hameM saba acche guNa upayogI va jana hitakArI hai| seThajI ko phikra thI, eka se dasa kIjie / mauta A pahuMcI ki hajarata, jAna vApisa kIjie / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 11 1-113

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana ___ * suzrI kanakalatA baida, dharmAlaMkAra IsA se lagabhaga 600 varSa pUrva caitra zuklA deva bhayaMkara sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara phukAra karatA trayodazI ke dina mAtA trizalA ke garbha se kuNDala- humA vRkSa ke cAroM ora lipaTa gyaa| sarpa kI pura nAmaka grAma meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma bhayaMkaratA dekhakara kumAra ke saba mitra vRkSa se kUda hA / jisa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ne janma liyA, kara ghara bhAga gye| para kumAra ne apanA vaiyaM nahIM samAja meM hiMsA kA bolabAlA thaa| prajJAna rUpI chodd'aa| ve usake vizAla pharaNa para pAMva dekara khar3e ja ke cAroM ora maMDarA rahe the, zAsakoM ho gaye aura prAnanda se uchalane lge| unake sAhasa kA agara koI siddhAnta zeSa thA to vaha thA, se prasanna hokara deva, sarpa kA rUpa chor3a apane 'jIvo jIvasya bhojanam' arthAt eka jIva hI dUsare asalI rUpa meM prakaTa huA aura mahAvIra kI stuti jIva kA bhojana hai| isa prakAra jo dharma prANI- karane lgaa| tabhI se prApako mahAvIra nAma se mAtra ke sukha, zAMti tathA kalyANa ke lie thA vahI jAnA jAtA hai| hiMsA, viSamatA aura pratAr3ana kA astra banA dhIre-dhIre bhagavAn javAna ho gye| ekadina hunA thaa| siddhArtha ne mahAvIra se kahA. putra ! aba tuma pUrNa yuvA ho gaye ho, maiM tumhArA vivAha kara tumheM janma se hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA hRdaya dIna rAjya bhAra sauMpa kara dIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhatA dukhiyoM ko dekhakara vyAkula ho jAtA thaa| jaba huuN| pitA ke ye vacana sunakara mahAvIra ne kahA-- saka ve una dukhiyoM ke dukhoM ko dUra nahIM kara dete unheM zAMti nahIM milatI thii| ve samadarzI the| isa pitAjI, jisa saMsAra se mApa bacanA cAhate haiM, usameM mujhe kyoM phaMsAnA cAhate haiN| Apa mujhe kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kIrtigAthA pavana kI AjJA dIjiye jisase maiM jaMgala meM jAkara, vahAM ke bhAMti sampUrNa bhArata meM phaila gyii| ve dUja ke zAMta vAtAvaraNa meM rahakara prAtma jyoti ko prApta candramA ke samAna dina prati bar3hakara kumAra avasthA meM praviSTa huye| kara, jagat kA kalyANa karU / pitA aura putra kA yaha saMvAda suna mAtA eka samaya kI ghaTanA bhagavAn mahAvIra apane trizalA vyAkula ho utthii| usakI prAMkhoM ke sAmane mitroM ke sAtha eka vRkSa para car3hane utarane kA aMdherA chA gayA aura vaha behoza ho gii| jaba vaha khela khela rahe the| usI samaya saMgama nAmaka eka hoza meM AI to mahAvIra ne unheM saMsAra kI 1-114 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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prasAratA ke bAre meM samajhAyA, taba mAtA ne unheM prakampana, andhebala aura prabhAsa isa prakAra dasa khuzI se dIkSA lene kI prAjJA de dii| gaNadhara pora bane / bhagavAn ko divyadhvani ___bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dIkSA grahaNa ke samaya khirii| devagaNa jaya-jayakAra karate hue prAkAza mArga se inake samavazaraNa meM tIna sau gyAraha dvAdazAMga kuNDalapura paaye| vahAM unhoMne bhagavAn kA dIkSA ke vettA, 9 hajAra 9 sau zikSaka the,teraha so avadhi bhiSeka kiyaa| ve sundara prAbhUSaNa dhAraNa karane jJAnI the, sAta sau kevala jJAnI, 500 manaH paryaya ke pazcAt deva nirmita candraprabhA pAlakI para savAra jJAnI, nau sau vikriyAvRddhi dhAraka, cAra so anu. hokara vana meM pAye aura vahAM pragahana budo dazamI ttaravAdI, 36000 sAdhviyAM thIM, eka lAkha zrAvaka ke dina 'OM' nama: siddha bhyaH' kaha kara bastrAdi aura tIna lAkha zrAdhikAeM thIM, prasaMkhyAta devatyAga kara prAtma dhyAna meM lIna ho gye| deviyAM aura saMkhyAta tiryaca the| ina sabako tatpazcAt eka dina bhagavAna mahAvIra ujja- unhoMne naya pramANa aura nikSepoM se vastu kA yini ke pratimuktaka nAmaka zmazAna meM maye aura svarUpa btlaayaa| pratimA yoga dhAraNa kara vahIM virAjamAna ho gye| isake pazcAt unhoMne sampUrNa bhArata meM ghUmaunheM vahAM dekhakara mahAdeva rudra ne unake dhairya kI kara dharma pracAra kiyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne parIkSA caahii| usane betAla vidyA ke prabhAva se sarvaprathama dhArmika jar3atA aura Arthika apavyaya ko rAtri ke andhakAra ko pratyadhika saghana banA diyaa| rokane ke lie yajJoM kA virodha kiyA. jisameM tadanantara mAyAmayI sarpa, siMha, hAthI aura agni pratyeka mAnava ke dila meM yajJa virodha itanA vikaprAdi ke sAtha lambI senA banAkara pAyA aura sita ho gayA ki pazu yajJoM kA sirpha nAma hI zeSa kaThora upasarga kiye / kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra raha gaye / prAtmadhyAna se tanika bhI vicalita nahIM hue| __ bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vicAroM meM anekAnta, mahAvIra ke isa anupama dhairya ko dekhakara mahAdeva jIvana meM ahiMsA, vANI meM syAdvAda va samAja meM rudra apane asalI rUpa meM Aye aura bhagavAn se aparigraha va pAMca aNuvratoM jaise anupama siddhAntoM kSamA yAcana ke dvArA prajJAnI prANiyoM kA dizA bodha kiyA, jRmbhikA gAMva ke samIpa RjukUlA nadI para, jo Aja bhI AkAza dIpa kI bhAMti mAnava kA manohara nAma ke vana meM sAgona vRkSa ke nIce bhaga- patha pradarzana kara rahe haiN| vAn mahAvIra dhyAnastha the| vahIM para unheM kevala- jIvana ke antima varSoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra jJAna kI prApti huii| devoM ne pAkara jJAna kalyA pAvApurI pAye aura vahAM dhyAna meM lIna ho gaye / eka kA utsava manAyA aura samavazaraNa kI aura apane dhyAna kI tallInatA ke kAraNa, racanA ko| praghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza kara, kArtika vadI indrabhUti jisakA amara nAma gautama thA, amAvasyA ke dina prAta.kAla 70 varSa kI avasthA unakA pahalA gaNadhara bnaa| isake pazcAt inake meM mokSa kI prApti huii| devoM ne pAkara nirvANa vAyubhUti, agni, sudharma, maurya, maundraya, putra, maitreya, kI pUjA kI aura unake guNoM kI stuti kii| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 11 1-115

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. kalamagIra kA namana * zrI tArAdatta nivirodha, jayapura sarvodaya ke, syAdvAda ke | mahA pravartaka, , aparigraha vRtti ke unmeSaka siddha rthaputra trizalA kI mamatA ke dhana / bacapana ke 'vardhamAna' 1 au' jJAna koSa ke 'sanmati' satya ahiMsA mAnavatA ke he krAMtidarzI nirbhIka sAhasI sakala mukti ke amara samarthaka zraddhA aura jagata niSThA ke kendra sucira he, mahAvIra antima tIrthaGkara tumheM namana hai, kalamagIra kI zraddhA kA yaha arpita tuma ko bhAva sumana hai ! - - hogA nayA sudhAra agara cAhatA jo samAja kA, sacamuca meM utthAna ho| dharma saMskRti mAnavatA kA aura adhika nirmANa ho / / to usako hai 'sarasa' lAjamI aisA nUtana mor3a le / jo daheja letA ho usase hAtha milAnA chor3a de / / aisA vivaza kareM vaha khuda hI ho jAe lAcAra / tabhI deza ke jana jIvana meM hogA nayA sudhAra / -zrI sarasa NMMENNNNMannu 1-116 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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SOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ECORDOSTSPSDOCOMOSDCOSY) OSPOS SMO khaNDa COBAUSWAHHAUS kalA, saMskRti aura sAhitya

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candragupta maurya ke zAsana kAla meM 12 varSa kA uttara bhArata meM bhISaNa kAla tathA jaina santa bhadrabAhu kA apane ziSyoM sahita dakSiNa meM palAyana prava eka svIkRta aitihAsika tathya hai / unake vahA~ pahuMcane ke pazcAt prapanI paramparAnusAra unhoMne vahA~ kI tatkAlIna loka bhASA tAmila ko apanI kRtiyoM se samRddha kiyA / unhoMne prAyaH pratyeka viSaya para apanI lekhanI calAI / unameM se vyAkaraNa, chandazAstra tathA zabda koSa sambandhI katipaya jaina tamila racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa nibandha meM hai / lekhaka 'tamila kovida' haiM ataH isa viSaya para apanI lekhanI adhikArapUrvaka calAne meM sakSama haiN| - pra. sampAdaka tamila bhAratI ko jaina manISiyoM kA yogadAna * zrI ramAkAnta jaina, bI. e., sA. ra., tamila - kovida, lakhanaU samakAlIna vidvAna panamapAraNAra ne ise aindra niraJca" arthAt saMskRta vyAkaraNa 'aindra' jo eka jaina kRti hai kA nicor3a kahA hai aura pANDya sabhA meM par3he jAne ke uparAnta ime zraDakoTTAzana dvArA mAnya kiye jAne kI bAta kahI hai| panamapANanAra ne tolakAppiyara ke liye pala-pUgala nirUta- paDi maiyona' (arthAt mahAna prasiddha pratimA yogI) vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA hai / isa vyAkararaNa grantha ke 'maraviyala' nAmaka vibhAga meM jIvoM kA jo vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai vaha jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra hai / isa vyAkaraNa grantha para pANinI kI aSTAdhyAyI ko bhAMti prAcInakAla se hI TIkAeM likhI jAtI rahI haiM aura prAdhunika kAla meM bhI tamila ke prakANDa paMDitoM dvArA sampAdita isake vibhinna adhikAra (bhAga) prakAzita hue haiM / tamilanADu kI tena mauli arthAt madhu kI bhAMti madhura bhASA tamila kI utpatti kA zreya malaya parvata para nivAsa karane vAle zrAcArya podiya malai pragattiyAra ( agastya RSi) ko diyA jAtA hai prora unakI kRti 'pragattiyam' ko tamila kA Adi vyAkaraNa mAnA jAtA hai, kintu vaha pranupa labdha hai | tamila bhASA kI jo prAcInatama kRti aba upalabdha hai vaha hai 'tolakAppiyam' / saMyoga se yaha eka vyAkaraNa grantha hai jisameM varNaM, zabda aura artha ke viSaya meM tIna bhAgoM meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / grantha ke tRtIya bhAga meM zabdoM ke arthoM para vicAra karate samaya chanda, pralaMkAra, tatkAlIna rIti rivAja sampradAya, yuddha nIti, rAjanIti, tamilanADu kI bhaugolika sthiti ityAdi vividha viSayoM kA bhI vistRta vivecana huA hai / isa vyAkararaNa grantha ke racayitA tolakAppiyara mAne jAte haiM / kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki vaha agastya RSi ke ziSya the / isa grantha kI prastAvanA meM mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 pragattiyam aura tolakAppiyana kI paramparA meM unake jJAtA aura saMskRta ke jainendra vyAkaraNa se 2-1

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paricita bhavanandI muni ne dasavIM zatI IsvI ke haraNa diye gaye / tamila chanda zAstra para upalabdha lagabhaga 'nannUla' nAmaka eka anya vyAkaraNa grantha yaha prAcInatama granga hai| meM kevala vaNoM aura zabdoM para pAMca adhyAyoM meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / tamilajanoM meM lokapriya jaina vidvAna udI cideva kI bhakti racanA isa vyAkaraNa grantha para jo TIkAeM racI gaI unameM 'tirukkalambagan' tamila kI eka viziSTa kAvya sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa TIkA jaina vaiyAkaraNI malai zailI kalambagam' kA anyatama udAharaNa hai jisa meM nAthara kI hai aura vartamAna kAla meM isake jo bhinna-bhigha chandoM meM nibaddha padoM kA mizraNa saMskaraNa prakAzita hue haiM unameM susampAdita kuzalatApUrvaka prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isa racanA meM kurA saMskaraNa DA. vI. svAmInAtha ayyara kA mAnA jaina dharma ke atirikta tatkAlIna anya dharmoM yathA jAtA hai| bauddha prAdi ke siddhAntoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| prataH dhArmika siddhAntoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana isake uparAnta tamila vyAkaragA granthoM kI kI dRSTi se bhI isa racanA kA mahatva hai| zRkhalA meM pANDI maNDalana meM posraNa nadI ke taTa para avasthita puliyanaguDi ke nivAsI jaina vidvAna tamila zabda koSoM ke nirmANa meM bhI jaina nambInayanAra ne 'tolakAppiyam' ke parUla ilak vidvAnoM ne apanA yoga diyaa| divAkara muni ne kana' ke aAdhAra para 'pragapporulavilakkama' nAmaka ra "divAkara nighaNTu' piMgala muni ne 'dhiMgala nighaNTu' vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA kii| isa grantha meM raca- aura maNDalapuruSa ne cUr3AmagiNa nighaNTra' kI racanA yitA me, jo cAra bhinna prakAra kI kAvya racanAmoM kI / ina zabdakoSoM meM viruttama chanda meM 12 meM siddhahasta hone ke kAraNa 'nAra kavirAya' ke adhyAyoM meM racita 'cUr3Amagi nighaNTu' kA gata nAma se vikhyAta the, prema tathA tatsambandhI anabhavoM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM bar3A pracAra prA / san kI mAnasika anubhUtiyoM kA sundara vivecana 1870 I0 se san 189: I. ke madhya 22 varSoM kiyA hai| meM hI isa nighaNTu ke sampUrNa bhAga athavA bhAga vizeSoM ke 26 saMskaragA prakAzita hue| isa vyAkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha chanda zAstra viSaya meM nighaNTra meM jinase nAcArya ke ziSya guNabhadra kA bhI jaina vidvAnoM ne tamila bhAratI kI abhivRddhi kI ullekha hone se yaha unake pazcAt arthAt 9vIM hai| lagabhaga 1010 I0 meM hue jaina vidvAna amRta. zatI IsvI ke uparAnta kI kRti hai| sAgara ne 'yApparUgala kkArika' tathA 'yAparUgala. virutti' nAmaka chanda zAstroM kI racanA kii| gaNita, jyotiSa aura sAmudrika zAstra jaise 'yApparU galakArika' ke sambandha meM kumArasvAmI viSayoM para bhI jaina vidvAnoM ne tamila bhAratI ke pulavara ne dIkA racI paura use rAmasvAmIgala bhaNDAra ko bharA, kintu adhikAMza kRtiyAM kAla tathA ambala, vana pille ne sampAdita aura prakAzita garbha meM samAhita ho gii| phira bhI jo upalabdha haiM kiyA hai / 'yApparU galavirUtti' kA sampAdana esa. unakA apanA mahattva hai| yadi purAne paramparAgata bhavanandana pille ne kiyA hai / isa chanda zAstra meM Dhaga se hisAba-kitAba rakhane ke abhyasta tamila jahAM prAcIna aura vizuddha tamila chandoM kA vivecana vyApArI 'eNkuva Di' nAmaka gariNata pothI se prArahuaA vahAM kaliturai aura viruttama jaise navIna chandoM mbhika zikSA grahaNa karate haiM to ta mila jyotiSI kA bhI vizleSaNa kiyA gayA aura eka se lekara prArUDha arthAt bhaviSyavANiyAM karane ke pUrva 'jinendra untIsa paMktiyoM taka ke vibhinna chandoM ke 96 udA- mAle' kA abhyAsa karate haiN| 2-2 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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rAjasthAna jahAM apanI vIratA ke lie prasiddha hai vahAM kalA kI dRSTi se bhI vaha kisI prAnta se pIche nahIM hai| jaina kalA kA vikAsa bhI yahAM apanI carama sImA para hai / prAbu aura raNakapura kI jaina sthApatya kalA vizva prasiddha hai / rAjastha na ko bhU.pU riyAsata tathA vartamAna meM jilA jaisalamera kA sthApatya bhI inase barAbara kI hor3a letA hai| yahAM ke laudravA ke jaina maMdiroM kI kalA apane Apa meM anupama hai| isa hI zilpa kA vistRta vivecana citroM sahita sammAnanIya lekhaka ne apane isa nibandha meM prastuta kiyA hai| pra. sampAdaka jaisalamera kA jaina zilpa * zrI kundana lAla jaina, prinsipala, dehalI jaisalamera prAcIna rAjasthAna kI eka prasiddha dhAnI pahale laudrava nagara thI jo yahAM se lagabhaga riyAsata thI jisakA rakavA lagabhaga 16062 mIla 20 ki.mI. dUra hai para bAharI mAkramaNa se bacAne thaa| yaha bhArata ke dhura uttarI pazcimI kone meM ke lie surakSA kI dRSTi se sambat 1212 meM rAvala pAkistAnI sImA se lagA huA hai| jaisalamera jaisala (jayazAla) ne isa nagara ko basAyA thA aura isa lAina kA pAkhirI relve sTezana hai isase mAge isa vizAla kile kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| inakI rela nahIM hai, pAkistAnI sImA yahAM se lagabhaga mRtyu saM. 1224 meM ho gaI thii| kile para pahuMcane 100 ki.mI. dUra hai / yadyapi jaisalamera eka sAdhA- ke lie bIca nagara meM se jAnA par3atA hai| kile meM ragA sA nagara hai para yahAM purAtatva, itihAsa, zilpa praba bhI prAdhI prAbAdI hai aura loga dainika evaM kalA se sambandhita jo sAmagrI bikharI par3I hai aAvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie nIce prAte vaha nizcaya hI jaisalamera kI pratiSThA meM cAra cAMda rahate haiN| jar3a detI hai / yaha ratIlA pradeza jo pAnI ke prabhAva pramukha dvAra se Age calate hI bhavya rAjamahala meM sarvathA sUkhA sUkhA sA pratIta hotA hai apane kalA, ke darzana hote haiN| (citra 1 saMlagna) hai jisake vaibhava aura purAtAtvika avazeSoM ke kAraNa kalA prastara khaNDoM kI kalApUrNa kaTAI khir3akiyoM evaM pArakhiyoM kA vizeSa a.daraNIya bana gayA hai tathA jAlI jharokhoM kI nakkAsI bar3I hI manohArI rasagaMgA sA sarasa pAsvAdana pradAna karatA hai| lagatI hai| yahAM mahArAvala lakSmaNajI mahArAja ke jaisalamera sTezana para utarate hI dUra pahAr3I para rAjyakAla meM jainiyoM kA bar3A varcasva thA / ve jaina pravasthita bAdAmI patthara kA camakatA humA vizAla sAdhunoM ke prati bar3e zraddhAvAn the / unhIM kI kRpA kilA darzakoM kA dhyAna balAt hI apanI pora se yahAM kaI vizAla kalApUrNa jaina maMdiroM kA prAkarSita kara letA hai / jaisalamera rAjya kI rAja. nirmANa ho sakA jo purAtatva, zilpa, itihAsa evaM mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-3

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kalA kI mahatvapUrNa dharohara haiN| inakA saundarya vaibhava lekhanI se nahIM likhA jA sakatA yaha to svayaM hI dekhane kI vastu hai, inheM dekhakara jo tRpti, asIma mAnanda evaM sukha zAMti kI anubhUti hotI hai vaha bhuktabhogI hI jAna sakatA hai anya ko durlabha hai / sarva prathama cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha kA maMdira hai jisakI nIMva kharataragacchIya prAcArya jinarAja sUri ke upadeza se sAgaracaMda sUri ne saM. 1459 meM rakhI thI aura caudaha varSa ke lagAtAra parizrama aura satata zradhyavasAya ke bAda saM. 1473 meM banakara taiyAra huA jisakI pratiSThA jina caMda sUri mahArAja ne karAI thii| isa maMdira meM isa prAzaya kA eka zilAlekha dIvAra meM jar3A huA hai jisakI lambAI 2. phuTa 6 iMca tathA caur3AI 1 phuTa 31/2 iMca hai| isameM 27 paMktiyA~ haiM / jisake kucha zloka nimna prakAra haiM / naveSu vArddhadumitetha varSe nidezataH zrI jina rAja sUre: / garbhagRhakSetravimbaM munIzvarAH sAgaracandra sArA: 121 asthApayat teSAM zrI jina varddhanAbhidha garaNAdhIzAM samAdezataH / zrI saMgha gurubhakti yukti nalinI lIlanbharAlopam / sampUrNI kRtavAnamuLe kharatara prAsAda cUr3AmaNiH / tridvIpa budhi yAminI pati mite saMvatsare vikramAt 1231 to'pi saMvat 1473 tannagaraM jinezabhavanaM / yatredamAlokyante sa ilAdhyaH kRtinAM mahIpati ridarAjye yadIye'jani / yenedaM niramAthi saudha vibhavairdhanyaH sa saMghaH kSitau / tebhyo dhanyatarAstu te sukRtinaH pazyanti yedaH sadA 1241 uparyukta vistRta prazasti bAle zilAlekha meM jaisalamera rAjya kI rAja vaMzAvalI kA bar3e vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai jo itihAsa ke zodhArthiyoM 2-4 ke lie bar3I mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI hai| jainAcAya kI paTTAvalI tathA zrAvaka zrAvikAoM kA bhI ullekha hai / uparyukta jinAlaya ke samIpa hI saMbhavanAtha jI kA maMdira hai jise sAhU hemarAja pUnA ne saM. 1494 meM banavAnA prArambha kiyA thA jisameM tatkAlIna zilpiyoM ne apanI kalApUrNa painI cheniyoM dvArA prANa pratiSThA karate hue tIna varSa ke kaThora parizrama ke bAda saM 1497 meM paripUrNa kiyA thA / isakI pratiSThA zrI jinabhadra sUri ne karAI thI / isake pAsa hI dUsarA maMdira bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kA hai jisakI pratiSThA sA0 dIpA baraDiyA ne saM. 1473 meM karAI thii| isI ke pAsa zItalanAtha jI kA maMdira hai jisakI pratiSThA saM 1479 meM DAgA gotriya seThiyoM ne karAI thii| pAsa meM hI candraprabhu kA maMdira hai jisakI pratiSThA bhaguzAlI gotriya sA0 vodA ne saM 1509 meM karAI thI, pAsa hI zAMtinAtha ke maMdira kI pratiSThA saM 1536 meM saMkhavAlecA zraura copar3A gotriya seThoM ne karAI thI isa samaya jina samudra sUri zrAcArya upasthita the aura isa samaya yahAM kI rAjagaddI para mahArAvala devakaraNasI virAjamAna the / isake pAsa hI RSabhadevajI ke maMdira kI pratiSThA saM 1536 meM huI thI / uparyukta sabhI mandira patthara ke bane hue haiM aura ina prastarakhaMDoM para kaisA anUThA zilpa vaibhava bikharA par3A hai ki dekhate hI banatA hai| inheM dekhakara khajurAho, dailavArA, raNakapura ke zilpa vaibhava phIke se lagane lagate haiN| bar3e kheda kI bAta hai ki kalA ke aise zreSTha namUnoM se abhI bhI kalA jagata aparicita par3A hai jisake lie hama jainiyoM kI rUr3hivAditA atyadhika jimmedAra hai / jaba hamane ina sthaloM ke phoTo citra utAranA cAhe to hameM roka diyA gayA aura pair3ho se saMparka sthapita karane ko kahA gayA para jaba paiDhI para gaye to na to vahAM se koI sAmagrI hI upalabdha ho sakI aura na hI mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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JA NEL jaisalamera kA rAjamahala lodravA jaina mandira kA praSTApada kalpavRkSa

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anumati mila sakI jitanA bar3A kSobha rahA aura hai| usa zilpI ne apanI sampUrNa kalA pratibhA kalA ke aise mahatvapUrNa khajAne se hama khAlI hAtha dvArA kevala ye do pratibhAe hI ghaDhI thii| isa hI lautte| yahIM eka mandira meM kucha prAcIna vatra mandira meM jo zilAlekha hai vaha nimna prakAra hai-- rakhe haiM jisake viSaya meM kiMvadantI hai ki ye vastra zrIsAhiNa yogato yugabare tyacchaM padaM jinacaMda sUrIjI mahArAja ke haiM jo unake dAha ke dattavAn / samaya bhI nahIM jale the / yahI unakA samAdhisthala yebhyaH zrIjinacandrasUra paTTa vikhyAta stkiirtyH| tatpa? mita tejaso yugavarA: zrIjaina siMhAbhidhA laudravanagara-jaisalamera se lagabhaga 20 ki.mI. tatpaTTAMbujabhAskarAH gaNadharAH zrIjainarAjAH dUra laudravanagara hai jise laudravA bhI kahate haiM yaha zrutAH / / / :: lauDa (laudra) rAjapUtoM kI rAjadhAnI thii| saM0 taibhAgyodaya sudara : ripusarasvatSoDazAbde / 900 meM bhATI devarAja ne ise rAjapUtoM se chInakara (1675) sitadvAdazyAM / prathama rAvala kI upAdhi dhAraNa kI thii| cUMki sahasA pratiSThita midaM caitya svahastazriyA / laudravA surakSA kI dRSTi se baDA kamajora thA yasya prauDhatara pratApa taraNe zrIpAnAthezitu / ataH saM0 1212 meM isa rAjya kI rAjadhAnI yahAM so'yaM puNyabharAM tanotu vipulAM lakSmI jinaH se uThAkara jaisalamera meM sthApita kI gaI thii| - sarvadA / / 2 / / phira bhI kalA paura saMskRti kA vikAsa yahAM barA. pUrva zrIsagaro napo'bhavadalakAronvaye yAdave / bara cAlU rhaa| Aja bhI yahAM uccakoTi ke takSaka putrI zrIdhararAjapUrNakadharau tasyAthatAbhyAMkSitau / vidyamAna hai jo prAcIna kalAkRtiyoM kI pranukRtiyAM zrImallaudrapure jinezabhavane satkAritaM khiimsii| taiyAra kara prAcIna vaibhava ko navInatA pradAna kara tatputrastadanukrameNa sukRtIjAtaH sutaH pUnasI / / tatputrovaradharma sadguNa zrImallastanayotha tasya satrahavIM sadI meM yahAM thAharUsAha bhaNazAlI karmaNirataH khyAto'khilaM sukRtI zrI thAharU nAmakaH / bar3A hI prabhAvazAlI pratiSThita dhArmika zreSThI humA thA jisane paMcamerU kI bhAMti pAMca madiroM kI zrIzatrujayatIrtha saMgha racanA dI nyuttamAnidhruvaM / sthApanA saM. 1675 meM karAI thI inameM se do ya. kAryANyakarottathA tvasaraphI pUrNA pratiSThA maMdiroM meM sahasraphaNI pArzvanAtha kI do pratimAe kSaNe 144 baDI hI mahatvapUrNa evaM kalA saMyukta hai / pratyeka prAdAtsarvajanaya jaina mamayaM cAlekhayata pustakaM / phaNAvalI meM hajAra hajAra sarpapharaNa bane hue haiM jo sargaH puNyabhareNa pAvanamalaM janma svakIya sacamuca hI kalAkAra kI utkRSTa pratibhA ke namUne . mubhayatasya / haiM / kahate haiM jisa zilpI ne ye zyAma varNa pArza- . yasya jinapalyoddhAraka vyadhAta tetra kAritaH / nAtha kI anupama pratimAeM ghar3hI thI usase thAharU sArddha saddhararAja meghatanayAbhyAM pArzvanAtho sAha baDA prabhAvita huprA thA prata: puraskArasvarUpa mude / / 5 / / thAharUsAha usa zilpI ko apane sAtha zikharajI, zatadala kamala yaMtra zatrujaya prAdi kI yAtrA ke lie le gae the aura isI madira meM zilpakalA marmajJa dharmaparAyaNa jisa ratha se ina donoM ne yAtrA kI thI vaha ratha dhanADhya logoM ke zilpa prema kA eka sundara namUnA prAja bhI laudravanagara ke mandira meM surakSita rakhA zata dala padmayaMtra hai jo eka vizAla prastara khaMDa para mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71 -2-5

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utkIrNa hai isameM sAhityika alaMkaraNa kA sundara paTusA vaMza baDA prasiddha rahA hai inakA Adi gotra paricaya diyA gayA hai bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI stuti vAphaNA thaa| ina paTuoM kI banavAI haveliyAM ke 25 zlokoM ke 100 caraNa hai / jinakI samApti jaisalamera meM vidyamAna hai jo apanI bArIka khudAI maMyAmaH se hotI hai use bIca gole meM ukerA gayA aura jAlI kaTAva ke lie kalA jagata meM bahuta hI hai paura 30 maMyAma ko kendra mAnate hue 100 prasiddha haiM / videzI kalA pArakhI inheM dekhakara harSa paMkhuDiyoM meM upayukta stuti ke 100 caraNa ukere vibhora ho uThate haiM / aba ina saba haveliyoM ko gae haiM isa taraha yaha zatadala padmayaMtra yahAM kA bahuta bhAratIya purAtatva vibhAga ne apane adhikAra meM le hI bar3A mahatvapUrNa zilpa hai / yahI laudravanagara liyA hai| yahAM sAta zAstrabhaMDAroM kA ullekha meM maMdira ke pAsa praSTapadI kalpavRkSa bhI eka anupama milatA hai jinameM tADapatrIya tathA anya pANDulipiyAM kalAkRti hai jo yahAM ke zilpiyoM ne dhar3hI thii| vidyamAna hai| (citra saMlagna hai)| yahAM choTe baDe milAkara kula jaisalamera aura laudravanagara ke bIca amarasAgara 480 zilAlekha upalabdha haiM jinameM sabase purAnA nAmaka eka bar3I vizAla gaharI jhIla vidyamAna hai saM0 1109 kA nimna prakAra hai "OM sauhika palayA jisase jaisalamera zahara ko peyajala pahuMcAyA jAtA mAlikayA devIbhUti kAritA'' yahAMse bahutase lekhoM meM hai| isake kinAre gaNezajI kA eka prAcIna mandira thAharu sAha kA ullekha milatA hai unakI laghubhAryA hai jhIla ke dUsare kinAre para bha. prAdinAtha kA eka suhAgade tathA baDI bhAryA kanakAde kA nAmollekha hai vizAla prastara jinAlaya vidyamAna hai jo kalA aura inhoMne saM0 1693 meM pratiSThA karAI thii| inake itihAsa donoM hI dRSTi se baDA hI mahatvapUrNa hai / putra kA nAma hararAja likhA huA milatA hai| isa taraha jaisalamera jaina zilpa kA aTUTa thAharu sAha rAjya ke koSAdhyakSa the| saM0 1891 meM apAra bhaDAra hai para isa bahumUlya vapautI se bahuta se yahAM eka bar3I vizAla rathayAtrA huI thI jisakA loga aparicita haiM / jinheM bodha karAnA hama sabakA vistRta vivaraNa paThanIya hai yaha vAphaNA himmata- punIta katavya hai| isake atirikta bhI yahAM bahuta rAmajI ke maMdira meM zilAkhaMDa para utkIrNa hai jo sI sAmagrI evaM sAMskRtika virAsata par3I hai jisakA rAjasthAnI bhASA meM hai| yahAM ke prosavAloM kA vivecana karanA yahAM prAsaMgika na hogaa| . muktaka idhara calatI kaSAyeM udhara calatI hAtha meM mAlA, hai mana meM aura kahate aura karate aura kucha lAlA are mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM aba to jarA cetotumhAre pAcaraNa ne dharma ko badanAma kara DAlA. --kAkA bundelakhaNDI 2-6 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17

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rAma kathA kI sItA eka mahatvapUrNa pAtra hai| bhArata kI sannAriyoM meM usakA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| jainoM ne bhI sItA ko mahAsatI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| usake jIvana caritra ke sambandha meM janetaroM meM hI nahIM jainoM meM bhI vibhinna matamatAntara haiN| prastuta nibandha meM vidvAna lekhaka ne unhIM saba matoM kA vizada vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai / AzA hai nibaMdha pAThakoM ko rucikara to hogA hI unake jJAna meM bhI isa sambaMdha meM paryApta vRddhi kregaa| pra0 sampAdaka prAcIna jaina rAma-sAhitya meM sItA DA0 lakSmInArAyaNa dube, sA0 ratna, sAgara jaina rAma-sAhitya __ jaina vAGamaya meM vipUla rAma kathA tathA rAma kAvya milatA hai / jaina rAma kathA sAmAnyatayA prAdi kavi vAlmIki se prabhAvita hai / jaina rAma sAhitya prAkRta, saMskRta,apabhraza tathA kannar3a meM milatA hai| yaha isakA purAtana rUpa hai / vimala ri kI paramparA meM nimnalikhita sAhitya milatA hai : prAkata meM cAra grantha likhe gaye jina meM sItA kA caritra citraNa samyakarUpeNa milatA hai-vimala mUri kA paumacariyaM, zIlAcArya kI rAmalakkhaNa cariyam, bhadrezvara kI kahAvatI meM rAmAyaNam aura bhuvanatuga sUri kA rAmalakkharaNacariya / saMskRta meM raviSeNa ke padmacarita, prAcArya hemacandra ke jaina rAmAyaNa, jinadAsa ke rAmadeva purANa, padmadeva vijayagariNa ke rAmacarita, somasena ke rAmacarita, prAcArya somaprabhakRta laghu-triyazalAkApuruSa carita. meghavijaya gaNivara ke laghutriSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / apabhraza meM svayaMbhU kA paumacariu, raighU kA padmapurANa prAdi prasiddha haiM / kannar3a meM nAgacandra ke rAmacarita purANa, kumudendu ke rAmAyaNa, devadha ke rAmavijayacarita, devacandra ke rAmakathAvatAra aura candrasAgara ke jina rAmAyaNa ko vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaina sItA-sAhitya : isI paramparA meM sItA ko lekara bhI katipaya kAvya likhe gaye the jo ki vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM-- bhuvanatuga sUri kA sIyA caritra (prAkRta), prAcArya hemacandra kA sItA rAvaNa kathAnakam (saMskRta), brahmanemidata, zAMta sUri aura amaradAsakRta sItAcaritra (saMskRta). hariSeNa kA sItAkathAnaka / hasti malla ne 'maithilI kalyANa' nAmaka nATaka saMskRta meM likhA thA / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-7

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jaina rAma kathA kI dvitIya paramparA ke janaka guNabhadra the jinakA 'uttara purANa' aura kRSNadAsa kavi kRta 'puNya caMdrodaya purANa' saMskRta meM likhA gyaa| prAkRta meM puSpadaMta kA tisaTTI-mahApurisa gugaNAlaMkAra aura kannar3a meM cAmuNDarAya kA triSaSTi zalAkApuruSa purANa likhA gayA / jaina rAmakathA meM vimalasUri ko paramparA ko adhika prazraya milA hai / yaha zvetAmbara tathA digambara donoM sampradAyoM meM pracalita hai parantu guNabhadra kI paripATI sirpha digambara sampradAya meM hI milatI hai| kAvya ke atirikta sItA ko lekara nATaka sAhitya tathA kathA sAhitya bhI likhA gyaa| jaina kavi hastimalla ne san 1290 ke Asa-pAsa saMskRta meM maithilI kalyANa' ko likhA jisakA vivecya viSaya zRgAra hai| isake prathama cAra aMkoM meM rAma aura sItA ke pUrvAnurAga kA citraNa milatA hai / ve milana ke pUrva kAmadeva maMdira tathA mAdhavI vana meM milate haiN| tRtIya tathA caturtha aMka meM prabhisArikA sItA kA varNana milatA hai| paMcama tathA atima aMka meM rAma-sItA ke vivAha kA varNana hai / saMghadAsa ke 'vasudevahiNDi' meM jaina mahArASTrIya gadya meM jo rAmakathA milatI hai--usameM sarvaprathama sItA kA janmasthala laMkA mAnA gayA hai| vaha maMdodarI tathA rAvaNa kI putrI hai parantu parityakta hokara gajarSi janaka kI dattaka putrI bana jAtI hai| sItA svayaMvara meM sItA bhaneka rAjAroM meM se rAma kA cayana evaM varaNa karatI haiN| saMghadAsa ne guraNabhadra ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA thA kyoMki 'uttarapurANa' meM rAvaNa kI vaMzAvalI evaM sItA kI janma gAthA paryApta rUpa meM 'vasudevahiNDi' se sAdRzya rakhatI hai| jaina rAma-sAhitya ke adhvaryu - kAlakramAnusAra prAcIna jaina-rAma sAhitya ke pramukha stambha nimnalikhita mahAkavi the-- (ka) vimala sUri-'paumacariya' tRtIya caturtha zatAbdI I.) [graMtha prazasti ke anusAra prathama zatI vi0saM0] / (prAkRta) (kha) raviSeNa - padmacarita' (660 I0) : prAcInatama jaina saMskRta grantha : (saMskRta) (ga) svayaMbhU-paumacariu' yA 'rAmAyaNa purANa' (aSTama zatAbdI I0) (apabhraMza) (gha) guNabhadra-'uttara puraNa' (navama zatAbdI I0) : (saMskRta) uparilikhita granthoM meM sItA ke caritra ke vividha pakSoM kA samyak udghATana milatA hai / vimala sUri aura guNabhadra kI sItA vimala sUri ne sItA haraNa kA kAraNa isa prakAra vivecita kiyA hai-zambUka ne sUryahAsa khaDga kI prApti ke hetu dvAdaza varSa kI sAdhanA kI thii| khaDga ke prakaTa hone para lakSmaNa use uThAkara zambUka kA mastakocchedana kara dete haiM / candrAnakhA putra viyoga meM vilApa karatI hai| yaha rAma-lakSmaNa kI patnI bananA prastAvita karatI hai / lakSmaNa kharadUSaNa kI senA ko roka dete haiM / rAvaNa sItA para mugdha ho jAtA hai / vaha avaloka nI vidyA se jAna letA hai ki lakSmaNa ne rAma ko bulAne hetu siMhanAda kA saMketa nizcita kiyA hai| isalie vaha yuktipUrvaka siMhanAda karake sItA se lakSmaNa ko pRthaka kara, sItA haraNa karane meM saphala ho jAtA hai / 2-8 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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'pauma cariya' ke chiyataraveM parva meM laMkA meM zrIrAma praviSTa hokara sabase pahale sItA ke pAsa jAte haiN| donoM kA milana dekhakara devagaraNa phUla barasAte haiM aura sItA ke niSkalaMka tathA punIta sAtvika caritra kA sAkSya dete haiM / isa grantha meM zrIrAma kI kisI zaMkA yA sItA kI agni parIkSA kA koI ullekha bhI nahIM hai / 'uttara purANa' meM bhI rAma parIkSA ke binA sItA ko svIkAra karate haiN| sItA aneka rAniyoM ke sAtha dIkSA letI hai / anta meM sItA ko svarga milatA hai / svayaMbhU kI sItA- svayaMbhU ke 'paumacariu' meM zrArambha meM mUka sItA ke darzana hote haiM / sAgaravRddhi bhaTTAraka tathA jyotiSI sItA ke kAraNa rAvaNa evaM rAkSasoM ke vinAza kI bhaviSyavANI kara dete haiM : tehi haraNeva rakkhu mahArage / jaMgaya- raMgarAhiva tarayaheM kAraNe / zrIra zrAyahe karaNa kA roga hosai viraNAsu bahu-raktasahu // vana meM sItA ke caritra kA vikAsa mauna rUpa meM hotA hai / sItA yuddhoM ke viparIta hai : kara calaNa-deha-sira khaNDaragahuM / givviraNa mAe hau maNDagahu // hau tAeM diNNI kehAdu / kali-kAla-kiyantahu jehAhUM // sItA haraNa ke samaya vaha apane ko bar3I abhAginI mAnatI hai : ko saMthavai maI ko suhi kahIM dukkhu mahantau | jahi jahi nAmi hau taM taM ji paesu palinau // 1. rAvaraNa ke pralobhanoM tathA upasargoM se sItA kA himAlaya jaisA pracala aura gaMgA jala jaisA pavitra caritra raMcamAtra bhI vicalita nahIM ho pAyA / sItA zragni parIkSA meM saphala hotI hai : kiM kiMjai aNNai divve jeraMga visujbhaho mahu maraNaho / jiha kareMgeya lAli DAhucara acchaNi majjhe hunAruharaNa ho || anta meM sItA kA virAgI mana strI na banane kI ghoSaNA kara detA hai : vaha tiha karemi pugu rahubai / jiha Na pADivArI tiyamai // svayambhU ne sItA ke caritra ko anupama tathA divya svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai / jaina rAma- sAhitya meM sItA - nirvAsana - prasaMga: rAma kathA ke samAna sItA- nirvAsana ke prAkhyAna ko prastuta karane kA sarva prathama zreya maharSi vAlmIki ko hai / guNabhadra ke 'uttara purANa' meM sItA-tyAga kI koI carcA nahIM miltii| isakI zrRMkhalA meM mahAbhArata, harivaMza purANa, vAyu purANa, viSNu purANa, nRsiMha purANa zrora pranAyaka jAtakaM bhI jAte haiM jinameM sItA nirvAsana prAkhyAna kA abhAva hai / parantu sItA-tyAga ko adhikAMza jaina rAmasAhitya svIkAra karatA hai / sItA- nirvAsana ke mukhya cAra kAraNa the : mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-9

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(ka) lokApavAda : jaina rAma-pAhitya meM isakA pratipAdana vimalasUri ke 'pauma cariya' tathA raviSeNa ke 'padma carita' meM milatA hai / svayaMmU ne apane mahAkAvya 'pauma cariu' meM isakI pRSThabhUmi kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai : ayodhyA kI katipaya puzcalI nAriyoM ne apane patiyoM ke samakSa yaha tarka kiyA ki yadi itane dinoM taka rAvaNa ke yahAM rahakara pAne vAlI sItA rAma ko grAhya ho sakatI hai to eka-do rAta anyatra bitAkara lauTane meM patiyoM ko prApatti kyoM ho ? isa carcA ko lekara nagara meM sItA-viSayaka pravAda phailatA hai : para-purisu ramevi dummahilau deMti paDucara paha-yaNaho / ki rAmaNa bhujai jaNayasuya varisu vasevi ghare rAmaNa ho / rAma kula kI maryAdA ke kAraNa sItA ko niSkAsita kara dete haiM / 'pauma cariu' aneka mArmika tathA bhAva-pravaraNa prasaMgoM se paripUrNa hai parantu sItA-tyAga kA prasaMga sarvAdhika kAruNika aura vidagdha hai / vibhISaNa sItA ke pavitra caritra ko nirdoSitA siddha karane ke lie apanI sArI zakti lagA dete haiN| lakA se trijaTA mAkara gavAhI detI hai / manta meM sItA kI agni parIkSA hotI hai / dUsare dina jaba sItA ko sabere sabhA meM lAkara prAsana para baiThAyA jAtA hai, taba sItA vara-prAsana para saMsthita aisI zobhAyamAna hotI hai jaise jina prAsana para zAsana-devatA-- sIya paiTu NivaThTha varAsaNe / sAsaNa devae jaM jiNa-sAsaNe / / prakhara tathA spaSTavAdinI sItA kA, zaMkAlu tathA nArI-caritra kI bhartsanA karane vAle zrIrAma ko kitanA prAtmAbhimAna pUrNa evaM sateja uttara hai ki gaMgA-jala gadalA hotA hai, phira bhI saba usameM snAna karate haiN| candramA sakalaMka hai, lekina usakI prabhA nirmala, megha kAlA hotA hai parantu usameM nivAsa karane vAlI vidyutchaTA ujjvala / pASANa apUjya hotA hai, yaha sarna vidita hai parantu usase nirmita pratimA meM caMdana kA lepa lagAte haiN| kamala paMka se utpanna hotA hai lekina usakI mAlA jinavara para car3hatI hai, dIpaka svabhAva se kAlA hotA hai lekina usakI zikhA bhavana ko pAlokita karatI hai| nara tathA nArI meM yahI antara hai jo vakSa aura beli meM / beli sukha jAne para bhI vRkSa ko nahIM chor3atI: sANuNa keNa vi jaroNa gaNijjai / gaMgA gaihiM taM ji Na hAijjai // sasi kalaMka sahiM ji paha riNammala / kAlau mehu tahiM jeM tariNa ujjala / / uvalu apui ju Na keNa vi chippai / tahiM ji paDipa candararoNa vilippai / / dhujjai pAu paMku jai lggi| kamala-bhAla puNu jigahoM balaggai / dIvau hoi sahAveM kAlau / vaTTi-sihae maNDijjai pAlau / Nara NArihi evaDDau annu| maraNe vivelilaNa melliya taruvaru / / anta meM sItA tapazcaraNa ke lie prasthita ho jAtI haiN| svayaMbhU ne sItA ke caritra ko samvedanazIlatA se prApUrNa kara diyA hai / vaha pAThakoM kI dayA, samavedanA tathA sahAnubhUti kI adhikAriNI bana jAtI hai| svayaMbhU ke pUrva vimalasUri, raviSeNa tathA prAcArya hemacandra ne sItA-tyAga ke prasaMga kA samyak pratipAdana kiyA hai| 2-10 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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'pauma cariya' ke pUrva 92-94 meM sItA tyAga kA vistRta varNana milatA hai / laMkA se lauTa mAne ke samaya bhI janatA ke apavAda kI carcA milatI hai| zrIrAma svata: garbhavatI sItA ko vana meM vibhinna jaina caityAlaya dikhalA rahe the ki ayodhyA ke aneka nAgarika unake pAsa Aye aura prabhayadAna pAkara unhoMne apane prAgamana kA nimitta nirUpita kiyaa| unase zrIrAma ko sItA kA apavAda vidita hotA hai aura ve apane senApati kRtAMtavadana ko jina-maMdira dikhalAne ke bahAne sItA ko gaMgA pAra ke vana meM chor3a pAne kA prAdeza dete haiN| saMyoga se vana meM puNDarIkapura ke nareza vajrajaMgha ne sItA kA karuNa krandana suna liyA jisa para vaha unheM apane bhavana le pAyA aura usake yahAM sItA ke do putra 'padmacarita' ke chiyAnnave parva meM sItA ke grahaNa svarUpa duSpariNAmoM meM prajA kA maryAdA vihIna svarUpa aura nAriyoM kA haraNa, pratyAvartana tathA unakI svIkRti batalAyI gayI hai| _ 'yogazAstra' (dvAdaza zatAbdI) meM sItA nirvAsana ke tadanaMtara eka ghaTanA kA vRtAta milatA hai / tadanusAra zrIrAma apanI bhAryA ke anveSaNa meM vana gae hue the kintu sItA kahIM nahIM mila paayii| rAma ne yaha vicAra karake ki sItA kisI hiMsaka pazu dvArA samApta ho cukI hai, prataeva, unhoMne parAvartita hokara sItA kA zrAddha kiyA / (kha) dhobI kA pAkhyAna - jaina rAmasAhitya meM isakI carcA nahIM miltii| (ga) rAvaNa kA citra-isa vRtAnta ko prastuta karane kA sarvaprathama evaM prAcInatama zreya jaina-rAma-sAhitya ko hai| - haribhadra sUri ke (aSTama zatAbdI) upadeza pada meM sItA dvArA rAvaNa ke caraNoM ke citra nirmita karane kA sUtra milatA hai / TIkAkAra puniccandra sUri (dvAdaza zatAbdI) ke kathanAnusAra sItA ne apanI IAla sapatnI ke protsAhana se rAvaNa ke pairoM kA citra banAyA thaa| isa para sapatnI ne rAma ko yaha citra dikhalA diyA aura unhoMne sItA kA tyAga kara diyaa| bhadrezvara kI 'kahAvalI' (ekAdaza zatAbdI) meM yaha pAkhyAna pAyA hai ki sItA ke garbhavatI ho jAne para IrSyAlu tathA dveSamayI sapatniyoM ke prAgraha para sItA ne rAvaNa ke pairoM kA citra nirmita kiyA jise unhoMne sItA dvArA rAvaNa ke smaraNa ke pramANa svarUpa rAma ke samakSa upasthita kara diyaa| rAma ne isakI upekSA kara dii| sautoM ne rAvaNa citra kA kissA dAsiyoM ke dvArA janatA meM phailA diyaa| tatpazcAt rAma guptaveza dhAraNa kara nagarodyAna meM gaye jahAM unhoMne apanI isa hetu niMdA sunii| guptacaroM ne bhI lokApavAda kI carcA kii| rAma kA nirdeza pAkara kRtAMtavadana tIrthayAtrA ke bahAne sItA ko vana meM chor3a paayaa| usake bAda rAma ne lakSmaNa evaM anya vidyAdharoM ke sAtha vimAna meM car3hakara sItAnveSaNa kiyA parantu unheM na pAkara yaha samajha liyA ki ve kisI hiMsaka jAnavara kA grAsa bana gayI haiN| hemacandra ke 'jaina rAmAyaNa' (dvAdaza zatAbdI) meM bhI yahI gAthA hai| nAgarikoM ne bhI sItA ke lokApavAda kI carcA kI jise rAma ne ThIka paayaa| devavijayagariNa ke 'jaina rAmAyaNa' (san 1596) meM nAriyAM rAma se zikAyata karatI haiM ki sItA rAvaNa ke caraNoM kI pUjA-arcanA karatI hai mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-11

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svAmin eSA sItA rAvaNe mohitA rAvaNAMhI bhUmo likhitvA puSpAdibhiH pUjayati // jaina rAvaNa-citra-kathA kA bhAratIya rAmAyaNoM para prabhAva : jaina rAma-sAhitya meM prAyI, sItA dvArA rAvaNa ke citra ke nirmANa kI ghaTanA kA bhAratIya rAmAyaNoM para vyApaka prabhAva par3atA dikhalAyI detA hai| baMgAla meM kRtti vAsa projhA dvArA likhita rAmakathA 'kRttivAsa rAmAyaNa' yA 'zrIrAma pAMcAlI' (pandrahavIM zatAbdI kA anta) meM sakhiyoM se prerita hokara sItA rAvaNa kA citra khIMcatI hai / sikkhoM ke dazameza guru govindasiMha ne 'rAmaavatAra kathA' yA 'govinda rAmAyaNa' (san 1698) meM rAvaNa-citra ke kAraNa rAma ke sItA para saMdeha hone kA vRttAMta milatA hai / saMskRta kI 'prAnanda rAmAyaNa' (pandrahavIM zatAbdI)ke tRtIya sarga meM kaikayI ke Agraha para sItA rAvaNa ke sirpha aMgUThe kA citra banAtI hai jise kaikayI pUrA karatI hai, aura rAma ko bulAkara nArIcaritra kI mAlocanA karatI hai yatra yatra manolagnaM smaryate hRdi tatsadA / striyAzca caritraM ko vetti zivAdyA mohitAH striyA // 'kAzmIrI rAmAyaNa' athavA 'rAmAvatAracarita' (aTThArahavIM zatAbdI) meM divAkara bhaTTa ne rAvaNa ke citra ke hI kAraNa sItA-tyAga ko caritArtha hote nirUpita kiyA hai| rAma kI sagI bahina sItA se citra banavAtI hai / ___ narmadA dvArA racita gujarAtI rAmAyaNa 'rAmAyaNanosAra' (unnIsavIM zatAbdI) ke anusAra rAma sItA ko rAvaNa kA citra khIMcate hue aura apanI dAsI se rAvaNa kA vRtAMta kahate hue sunate haiM / jaina hindI rAmakathA 'padma purANa' (san 1661) meM daulatarAma ne bhI rAvaNa ke citra kA ullekha kiyA hai| samrATa jahAMgIra ke samaya meM mullAha masIha yA sAdullA karAvanI takhallusa masIha ne phArasI meM likhita "rAmAyaNa masIhI' athavA "hadIsa-i-rAma-u-sItA" ke anusAra rAma kI bahina ne sItA se rAvaNa kA citra khiMcavAkara kahA ki sItA rAta-dina isa citra kI pUjA karatI hai| jaina rAvaraNacitra-kathA kA lokagItoM para prabhAvaH isa mUla srota ko hamAre lokagItoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai / lokagItoM meM sItA-parityAga kI ghaTanA kA atyanta mArmika varNana tathA sItA kA caritra citraNa milatA hai / eka avadhI sohara lokagIta meM nanada ke kahane se sItA ne rAvaNa kA citra banAyA thA-- nanada bhaujAI duinoM pAnI gayIM bhare pAnI gyiiN| bhaujI jona khana tumheM hari lei ga urehi dekhAvaha ho / jomeM khanA urehoM urehi dekhAvauM, urehi dekhAvaMunA / nanadI suni. paihaiM biranA tohAra to desavA nikari haiM ho| lAkha dohaiyA rAjA dasaratha rAma mathavA chuvI, rAma mathavA chuvaunaa| 2-12 mahAvIra jayanto smArikA 71

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bhaujI lAla dohaiyA lachimana bhaiyA jo bhaiyA batAva ho / / mAgoM na gAMga gaMguliyA gaMgAjala pAnI, gaMgAjala pAnI ho / nanadI samuhe ke provarI liyAvau to khanA urehoM ho / mAMgina gAMga gaMguliyA gaMgAjala pAnI, gaMgAjala pAnI ho / hei ho, samuheM ke probarI lipAina tau khanA urehaiM ho / / hathavA urehIM sItA goDavA urehI avara urehI duinau prAMkhi / haii ho, prAi gaye sirIrAma prAMcara chori mUdini ho / lokagItoM meM sarvatra sItA-parityAga kA kAraNa rAvaNa ke citra kA nirmANa hI batAyA gayA hai / sItA pahale se hI citrakalA vizAradA thI aura lokagItoM meM vivAha ke pUrva bhI kaI sthaloM para sItA ke citrakalA-prAvINya kA vRttAMta milatA hai / ataeva, laMkA se lauTane ke bAda sItA ke dvArA rAvaNa ke citra nirmANa meM koI asvAbhAvikatA prAtI pratIta nahIM hotii| eka bhojapurI lokagIta sohara meM bhI isI bhAvanA kI parama puSTi milatI hai-- rAma pravaru lachumana bhaiyA, pAre ekalI bahiniyAM haihoM kii| e jIvA rAmajI baiThele jevanakhA bahina laiyA lakhe re kI / / e bhaiyA bhojI ke danA banavasavA jini khanA urahe le kI / jini sItA bhUkhA ke bhojana delI, pora lAgA ke bahataravA / / honI se ho sItA gahuvAi re prAsApati, kaise banavA sina ho ki / / isI prakAra eka bundelI lokagIta meM bhI sItA nirvAsana kA kAraNa rAvaNa ke citra kA nirmANa hai-- cauka caMdana bina mAMgana sUno koyala bina amarAI / rAmA binA morI sUnI ajodhyA lachamana bina ThakurAI / / sItA binA morI sUnI rasoiyA kauna kare caturAI / pAma imaliyA kI nanhIM-nanhIM patiyAM nIma kI zItala choi / / proI tareM baiThI nanada bhaujAI kara rahI rAvana kI bAta / jauna khanA bhaujI tameM hara legava hameM urei btaav| rAvana ure hoM jabaI bArI nanadI ghara meM khabara na hoya / jo suna pAheM tumhAre ghara meM deMya nikAra / rAma kI sauMgadha lakhana kI sauMgadha dasaratha lAla duhAI / hamArI sauMgaMdha khAmo bArI nanadI tumako kahA ghaTa jAI / apanI saugaMdha khAta hoM bhaujI, sijiyA pAvana deU / surahana gaU ke gobara maMgAoM vaiyA miTiyA deva lipAIM / hAtha banAye, pAMva banAye aura battIsaI dAMta / ' Upara ko mastaka. likhana nahiM pAmro. mA gae rAjArAma / tyAva ne vaiyA pichoriyA likhanA deMya lukAya // mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-13

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ke pavasAtA na utara jaina rAvaNa citra-kathA kA videzI rAmakAvya para prabhAva jAvA ke 'serata kANDa' meM kaikayI svataH sItA ke paMkhe para rAvaNa kA citra prakita karatI hai paura suSuptAvasthA meM lIna sItA ke paryaka para rakha detI hai / 'hikAyata serI rAma' meM kokavI devI bharata zatrughna kI sahodarI hai / sItA ne kIkavI devI ke prAgraha ke kAraNa paMkhe para rAvaNa kA citra khIMca diyaa| kIkavI ne use sotI sItA ke vakSasthala para rakha diyA aura yaha AkSepa kiyA ki sone tA ne usa citra kA cumbana liyA thaa| rAma ne kIkavI para vizvAsa kara liyaa| hindesiyA ke 'hikAyat mahArAja rAvaNa' meM yaha vRttAMta pAyA hai ki rAvaNa vadha ke uparAMta rAma to laMkA meM rahate sAta mAha ho gaye / rAvaNa kI putrI apane pitA kA citra sotI sItA kI chAtI para rakha detI haiM / sItA nidrAvasthA meM usa citra kA cumbana karatI hai, usI kSaNa rAma unake pAsa pAte haiM aura usa dRzya ko dekhakara rAma krodha se prAga babUlA ho jAte haiN| hindacIna arthAt samera-vAGamaya kI sarvAdhika sazakta kRti 'rAmaketi' (satrahavIM zatAbdI) hai| isake pacahattara- sarga meM pratulaya rAkSasI sItA ko sakhI banakara usase rAvaNa kA citra prakita karAtI hai aura isa citra meM praviSTa ho jAtI hai / isake pariNAma svarUpa sItA prayAsa karane ke bAda bhI usa citra ko miTA nahIM pAtI hai, aura aMtataH hatAza hokara palaMga ke nIce use chipA detI hai / taduparAMta rAma ke isa palaMga para leTa jAne para unako teja bukhAra ho jAtA hai / jaba unheM usa citra kA patA lagatA hai to ve lakSmaNa ko sItA ko vana meM le jAkara mAra DAlane kA Adeza dete haiM / zyAmadeza kI racanA 'rAma kiyena' meM adula nAmaka zUrpaNakhA kI putrI sItA se rAvaNa kA citra aMkita karavAtI hai aura tatpazcAt isI citra meM praveza kara jAtI hai jisase sItA use miTA nahIM pAtI hai| zyAma ke uttara pUrvIya prAMtoM ke lAmo bhASA meM solahavIM zatAbdI meM 'rAma jAtaka' kI racanA huI thI jisameM bhI rAvaNa citra ke kAraNa sItA-tyAga hotA hai / lAmosa ke 'brahmacakra' yA 'pomnacakA' meM zUrpaNakhA svata: chadmaveza meM sItA ke pAsa prAkara unase citra banavA letI hai| __ thAIlaNDa kI 'thAI rAmAyaNa' meM bhI isI citra kI paryApta carcA hai| siMhalI rAmakathA meM umA sItA ke pAsa prAkara unase kele ke patte para rAvaNa kA citra aMkita karavAtI hai / akasmAta rAma ke prAgamana para sItA isa citra ko palaMga ke nIce pheMka detI haiN| rAma usa palaMga para baiTha jAte haiM aura palaMga kAMpane lagatA hai| kAraNa vidita hone para rAma atyanta kruddha ho jAte haiN| rAvaNa ke citra kA mUla utsa jaina-sAhitya hai jisane videzoM meM jAkara bar3A ugra tathA viziSTa rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai| (gha) parokSa kAraNa-'pauma cariyaM' ke pUrva 103 meM yaha kathA prAyI hai ki sItA ne apane pUrva janma meM muni sudarzana kI burAI kI thI aura isake pariNAmasvarUpa vaha svayaM lokApavAda kI pAtra bana gyii| 2-14 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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samAkalana : sampUrNa jaina rAma- sAhitya sItA kI vibhinna chaviyoM tathA bimboM se paripUrNa hai / unako jaina kaviyoM ne apane dharma sampradAya tathA siddhAnta ke anusAra gar3hane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai / bhAratIya vAGmaya ko jaina rAma sAhitya kA yaha apratima pradeya hai ki usane sItA ko dharatI putrI ke samAna hI Akalita kiyA / hindI kI jaina rAmakathA kI madhyakAlIna paramparA meM mukhya kRtiyAM nimnalikhita haiM- (ka) munilAvaNya kI 'rAvaNa mandodarI samvAda' (kha) jinarAjasUrI kI 'rAvaNa mandodarI samvAda' bhora (ga) brahmajinadAsa kA 'rAmacarita' yA 'rAmarAsa' aura 'hanumaMta rAsa' | inameM sItA ke caritra ke aneka ujjvala tathA sarasa pAvoM ko saphalatApUrvaka udghATita kayA gayA hai| zveta - zrI hA~ ve ! jo, zarIra dhokara mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 * zrI sureza sarala, jabalapura U~cI TahanI para baiThe haiM, bagule haiM; kSaNa bhara pUrva pokhara ke gaMde kIcar3a meM leTe the / jinake liye kIcar3a aura TahanI donoM 'phrI' haiM, samAja meM bhI aise"zveta- zrI " haiM / 2-13

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paMca muktaka .paM0 premacandra "divAkara", sAMgara pAnI kI sataha bhU se Upara nahIM baDhatI / ki kATha kI haMDI cUlhe 4 nahIM car3hatI / / phira bhI yAra dosto jo sImA se uphanatA haisvayaM miTatA AbarU hara jagaha hai ghaTatI // 1 // bhArata kI tuma zAna na pUcho, dAMta gine zeroM ke, tana se nikalIM A~kheM cAhe. lakSya sadhe tIroM ke / satraha bAra chamA zatru ko, phira bhI garva na karate, aise vIra isI vasudhA ke antima dama taka lar3ate / / 2 / / jo sahayoga karate haiM unheM sahayoga milatA hai, jo prAdara aura kA karate unheM prAdara bhI milatA hai| jo kartavya karate haiM unheM adhikAra milatA hai, jo sevA "prema" se karate unheM mevA bhI milatA hai / / 3 / / jisake jJAna nahIM vaha jAnavara hai. jisake prema nahIM vaha patthara hai / ruci saMgIta na ho jisameM vaha sahRdaya nahIM, svAbhimAna kI cAha na ho vaha kAyara hai / / 4 / / jamAne ko kyA kaheM, ki garajate to haiM para barasate nahIM, bhASaNoM kI kitAboM para kitAbeM kintu kara dikhAyA kucha nhiiN| ullU agara sIdhA na huA to bagaleM chakane lagatI haiM, "prema" se cane ke chilake phaTakate to haiM para nikalate nahIM // 5 // 1-16 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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zrI sUrajamala baMda pradarzanI kA udghATana karate hue phainsI Dresa zo kA eka dRzya jaina melA 1976 zrI mANakacanda sogANI, sadasya rAjasthAna vidhAnasabhA, zrI kapUracanda pATanI 'samAja baMdhu' ko vijaya stambha pradAna karate huesAtha meM sabhA ke adhyakSa zrI rAjakumAra kAlA bhI haiM

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hAla hI meM munizrI vidyAnandajI ke AzIrvAda se DA. devendrakumArajI dvArA sampAdita hokara rayaNasAra nAmaka graMtha kundakundAcArya dvArA racita kahA jAkara prakAzita huvA hai| graMtha ke sampAdana meM vidvAn sampAdaka ne kaThina zrama kiyA hai isameM sandeha nahIM kintu rayarasAra ko prasaMdigdha rUpa se kundakundAcArya kI racanA siddha karane meM ve prAya asaphala rahe haiN| isa nibaMdha ke vidvAn lekhaka ne puSTa yuktiyoM dvArA yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki rayaNasAra kundakandAcArya kI racanA nahIM ho sktii| samAja meM pahale bhI aise kaI graMthoM kA chAnabIna dvArA patA laga cukA hai jo prAcIna prasiddha prAmANika AcAryoM ke nAma se anyoM ne likhe haiM / saMbhavata: rayaNasAra bhI aisI hI racanA ho / vidvAnoM ko UhApohapUrvaka isakA nizcaya karanA cAhiye isI pavitra bhAvanA se yaha nibaMdha hama yahAM de rahe haiN| -pra0 sampAdaka rayaNasAra ke racayitA kauna ? * paM0 baMzIdharajI zAstrI, ema0 e0, savAImAdhopura muslima zAsanakAla meM bhArata meM aisI dhana saMcaya karane lage aura una zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM paristhitiyAM ho gaI thIM jinake kAraNa digambara ko zAstroM aura prAgama paraMparA se dara rakhA jaina sAdhu nagna nahIM raha sake aura inheM vastra dhAraNa unhoMne dharma ke nAma para maMtrataMtrAdi kA lobha yA karane pdd'e| aise vastra dhArI sAdhu bhaTTAraka kahalAte Dara dikhAkara kaI aisI pravRtiyAM calAI jo digambara the| prArambha meM katipaya bhaTTArakoM ne sAhitya saMrakSaNa jaina prAgama ke anukUla nahIM thiiN| inhoMne prAcIna evaM saMskRti kI paraMparA banAe rakhane meM mahatvapUrNa sAhitya apane adhikAra meM kara liyA mora navIna yogadAna kiyA thA / kintu ve vastra, vAhana, sAhitya nirmANa karane lage vaha bhI kabhI-kabhI dravyAdi rakhate hue bhI apane prApako sAdhu ke rUpa prAca ja mA kepa prAcIna prAcAryoM ke nAma para tAki loga unheM meM hI pujAte rahe / ve pIchI kamaNDala bhI rakhate the| prAmANika samajhakara una pravRttiyoM kA virodha nahIM cUki digambara paraMparA meM vastradhArI va parigrahadhArI kreN| aise nava nimita sAhitya dvArA una navIna sAdhu nahIM mAnA jA sakatA isalie ina bhaTrArako pravRttiyoM kA samarthana kiyA gyaa| inhoMne trivarNAne adhikAMza sAhitya jo ki usa samaya hastalikhita cAra, sUrya prakAza, carcAsAgara, umAsvAmI hone ke kAraNa alpa saMkhyA meM hI the apane kabje zrAvakAcAra adi prAgama viruddha granthoM kA nirmANa meM kara liyA / ina bhaTTArakoM ne pramukha kendroM meM apane kiyA thA / sva. paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, pa. parameSThIdAsajI jaise vidvAnoM ne inakI samIkSA apane maTha banA lie, vibhinna prakAra se zrAvakoM se kara sthiti spaSTa kara dI hai| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-17

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yaha ThIka hai ki zrAgarA-jayapura ke vidvAnoM dvArA jJAna ke satata prasAra se uttara bhArata meM ina bhaTTArakoM kA astitva samAptaprAyaH ho gayA hai | phira bhI kucha bhAI, jinameM vidvAn evaM tyAgI bhI haiM, phira bhaTTAraka paraMparA ko protsAhana denA cAhate haiM zrIra una bhaTTArakoM dvArA racita granthoM kA pracAra karate haiM / aise granthoM meM 'rayaNasAra' bhI eka hai yadyapi ise prAcArya kundakunda dvArA viracita batAyA jAtA hai kintu isa grantha kI parIkSA karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha grantha apane vartamAna rUpa meM kundakundAcArya dvArA racita nahIM ho sakatA / apane vicAra prastuta karane se pUrva maiM katipaya sAhitya marmajJa vidvAnoM ke mata uddhRta karanA Avazyaka samajhatA hU~ - sva0 DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyAya ne pravacanasAra kI bhUmikA meM isa prakAra likhA hai rayaNasAra grantha gAthA vibheda, vicAra punarAvRtti apabhraMza padyoM kI upalabdhi, gaNa gacchAdi kA ullekha aura betaratIbI zrAdi ko lie hue jisa sthiti meM upalabdha hai usa para se vaha pUrA grantha kundakunda kA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kucha atirikta gAthAoM kI milAvaTa ne usake meM gar3abar3a mUla upasthita kara dI hai aura isalie jaba taka kucha dUsare pramANa upalabdha na ho jAya taba taka yaha vicArAdhIna hI rahegA ki kundakunda isa rayaNasAra ke karttA haiM / purAtana graMthoM ke pArakhI sva0 paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra kA rayaNasAra ke saMbaMdha meM nimna mata hai-: - 2-18 unake krama kA bahuta bar3A bheda pAyA jAtA hai / kucha apabhraMza bhASA ke padya bhI ina pratiyoM meM upalabdha haiN| eka dohA bhI gAthAoM ke madhya meM A ghusA hai / vicAroM kI punarAvRti ke sAtha kucha betaratIbI bhI dekhI jAtI hai, *gaNa gacchAdi ke ullekha bhI milate haiM, ye saba bAteM kundakunda ke graMthoM kI pravRti ke sAtha saMgata mAlUma nahIM hotI, mela nahIM khAtIM / ( purAtana jaina vAkya sUcI prastAvanA) sva0 DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI jaina ne apane 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna' zIrSaka grantha meM rayaNasAra ke sambandha meM isa prakAra likhA hai : isameM eka dohA va chaH pada apabhraMza bhASA meM pAye jAte haiM yA to ye prakSipta haiM yA phira yaha racanA kundakunda kRta na hokara uttarakAlIna lekhaka kI kRti hai, gaNa gaccha prAdi ke ullekha bhI usako apekSA kRta pIche kI racanA siddha karate haiM / pR0 105 zrI gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela ne 'kundakundAcArya ke tIna ratna' zIrSaka pustaka meM rayaNasAra ke sambandha meM nimna mata prastuta kiyA hai : yaha grantha kundakundAcArya racita hone kI bahuta kama sambhAvanA hai athavA itanA to kahanA hI cAhie ki usakA vidyamAna rUpa aisA hai jo hameM saMdeha meM DAlatA hai / isameM apabhraMzake kucha zloka haiM aura g2araNa gaccha aura saMgha ke viSaya meM jisa prakAra kA vivaraNa hai vaha saba unake anya granthoM meM nahIM milatA / (pra0 20 ) yaha graMtha bhI bahuta kucha saMdigdha sthiti meM sthita hai / jisa rUpa meM apane ko prApta huA hai usa para se na to isakI ThIka padya saMkhyA hI nirdhArita kI jA sakatI hai aura na isake pUrNataH mUla rUpa kA hI patA calatA hai | graMtha pratiyoM meM padya saMkhyA aura tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI zrAcArya paramparA ke sva0 DaoN0 nemIcandajI jyotiSAcArya ne mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 paM0 pannAlAlajI sAhityAcArya ne rayaraNasAra ko 'kundakunda bhAratI, nAmaka kundakunda ke samagra sAhitya meM isalie sammalita nahIM kiyA ki isameM gAthA saMkhyA vibhinna pratiyoM meM eka rUpa nahIM hai| kaI prAcIna pratiyoM meM kundakunda kA racanAkAra ke rUpa meM nAma nahIM hai /

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dUsare khaNDa meM pRSTha 115 para rayaNasAra ke sambandha meM DaoN0 upAdhye kA mata uddhRta karate hue likhA hai vastutaH zailI kI bhinnatA aura viSayoM ke sammizraNa se yaha grantha kundakunda racita pratIta nahIM hotA / " 4 DaoN0 lAlabahAdura zAstrI ne apane 'kunda kunda aura unakA samayasAra' nAmaka grantha meM rayaNasAra kA paricaya dekara likhA hai ki 'rayaNasAra kI racanA gambhIra nahIM hai, bhASA bhI skhalita hai, upamAoM kI bharamAra hai / grantha par3hane se yaha vizvAsa nahIM hotA ki yaha kundakunda kI racanA hai / yadi kundakunda kI racanA yaha rahI bhI hogI taba isameM kucha hI gAthA aisI hoMgI jo kundakunda kI kahI jA sakatI haiN| zeSa gAthA vyakti virodha meM likhI huI pratIta hotI haiM / gAthAnoM kI saMkhyA 167 hai | ( pR0 142 ) ( isa grantha kA vimocana upAdhyAya zrI vidyAnandajI ke bhAzIrvAda se humA hai) isa prakAra ukta vidvAnoM va anya pramukha vidvAnoM dvArA bhI rayaNasAra kundakunda kI racanA nahIM mAnI gayI hai / isa grantha ko kundakundAcArya kRta na mAnane ke kucha aura bhI kAraNa haiM jina para dhyAna diyA jAnA Avazyaka hai / 1 kundakunda ke sabhI 'sAra' granthoM ( pravacanasAra, niyamasAra, aura samayasAra ) para saMskRta TIkAe upalabdha haiM jabaki isI tathAkathita 'sAra' ( rayaNasAra) kI saMskRta TIkA nahIM hai / prAcIna kAla meM kundakunda ke ukta tInoM grantha nATakatrayI ke nAma se vikhyAta se haiM aura yadi unake sAmane yaha 'rayaraNasAra' upalabdha hotA to nATakatrayI hI kyoM kahate ? 2. kundakundAcArya se lekara 17 vIM zatAbdI taka na to isakI koI hastalikhita prati milatI hai, na kisI bhI zrAcArya yA vidvAn ne usa samaya mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 taka isakA koI ullekha yA uddharaNa diyA hai / kundakunda ke TIkAkAra amRtacandra, padmaprabhumaladhArI, jayasena Adi TIkAkAroM ne bhI isakA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA / paM0 zrazAdhara, zrutasAgara Adi TIkAkAroM ne bhI apanI TIkAnoM meM isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA jabaki unakI TIkAtroM meM prAcIna granthoM ke uddharaNa pracuratA se milate haiM / 3. 17 vIM zatAbdi se pUrva kI isakI koI hastalikhita prati lekhanakAla yukta prabhI taka nahIM milii| koI vyakti kisI prati ko anumAna se kisI bhI kAla kI batA de vaha bAta prAmANika nahIM kahI jA sakatI / 4. kundakundAcArya kI racanAoM meM viSaya ko vyavasthita rUpa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai jabaki isameM paM0 jugala kizorajI mukhtAra ke zabdoM meM viSaya betaratIbI se prastuta kiye gaye haiM / vaise kahA yaha jAtA hai ki rayaNasAra' kI racanA pravacanasAra aura niyamasAra ke pazcAt kI gaI thI (dekheM - rayaNasAra prastAvanA DA0 devendrakumAra zAstrI pR0 21 ) kintu rayarasAra evaM ina granthoM kI 'tulanA se vidita ho jAtA hai ki pravacanasAra prora niyamasAra jaise praur3ha evaM suvyavasthita granthoM kA racayitA rayaNasAra jaisI saMkalita, avyavasthita, pUrvApara viruddha prora Agama viruddha racanA nahIM likhegA / ( isake Agama viruddha maMtavyoM kA zrAge vivecana kiyA jAyegA ) / 5. isakI vibhinna pratiyoM meM gAthA saMkhyAeM samAna nahIM hai, ve 152 se lekara 170 taka haiM / 6. kundakundAcArya ke granthoM meM uccastarIya prAkRta bhASA ke darzana hote haiM, unake kAla meM apabhraMza bhASA thI hI nahIM / usakA pracalana evaM prayoga kundakunda ke saikar3oM varSa bAda huA hai phira apabhraMza kI gAthAeM rayaNasAra meM kaise A gaI / DaoN0 lAlabahAdurajI zAstrI ke zabdoM meM isakI 2-19

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bhASA skhalita hai / isase spaSTa hai ki yaha racanA kundakunda ke bahuta kAla bAda jaba apabhraMza kA prayoga hone lagA hogA anya kisI dvArA likhI jAkara kundakundAcArya ke nAma se pracArita kI gaI hogI / 17 vIM 18 vIM zatAbdi meM acAnaka isa graMtha kA prAdurbhAva kaise huA yaha abhI taka spaSTa nahIM ho sakA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki mokSamArga prakAzaka meM kundakunda kA nAma binA | daye 'eyaNasAra' kI eka gAthA uddhRta kI gaI hai / pAThakoM ko dhyAna rahe ki isa graMtha meM jaina graMthoM ke uddharaNa bhI yathA prasaMga uddhRta kiye gaye haiM ataH usI prakAra rayaNasAra kI gAthA bhI uddhRta kI gaI ho to kyA zrAzcarya hai ? 18 vIM 19vIM zatAbdi meM hue bhUdharadAsajI evaM paM0 sadAsukhajI ne ise kundakunda kRta kahA hai / sambhava hai usa samaya kundakunda kA nAma hone ke kAraNa isa graMtha kA viSaya siddhAnta zailI Adi kA vizeSa vivecana na kiyA gayA hogA aura ise kundakunda kI racanA likha dI ho jaisA ki Aja bhI ho rahA hai kucha loga isake pracAra ke kAraNa ise kundakunda kRta mAna lete haiM aura dUsare se pUchate haiM ise kyoM nahIM mAnate ? rayaNasAra ko 'kundakunda kI racanA siddha karane ke lie isameM maMgalAcaraNa, antima pada va kaI viSaya aise likhe gaye haiM jo kundakunda kI racanA se sAmyatA lie hue pratIta hoM aura dUsarI ora kundakunda evaM digambara mAnyatA se zrasammata mata bhI isameM prastuta kara diye gaye haiM tAki loga una zrasammata matoM ko bhI kundakundAcArya kRta mAnale / aba rayaNasAra kI aisI gAthAoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai jo prAgama paramparA, kundakundAcArya kRta anya racanAoM evaM rayaNasAra kI hI anya gAthAmoM ke viparIta mAnyatA vAlI haiM / 2-20 dAna ke prasaMga meM pAtra aura apAtra kA vicAra na karane vAlI nimna gAthA ullekhanIya hai : dAbhIraNAmetaM dAi ghaNTaNo havei sAyAro / pattApattavisesaM saMdasaraNe kiM vicAreNa // 4 // yadi gRhastha prahAra mAtra bhI dAna detA hai to dhanya ho jAtA hai sAkSAtkAra hone para uttama pAtraapAtra kA vicAra karane se kyA lAbha ? isI gAthA ke zrAge 15 se 20 vIM gAthA meM uttama pAtra ko hI dAna dene kA phala batAyA hai na ki prapAtra ko dAna dene kA phala / kundakundAcAryaM kRta kisI bhI racanA meM nahIM likhA ki apAtra ko dAna denA cAhie | pravacanasAra kI gAthA 257 meM prapAtra ko dAna dene kA phala isa prakAra batAyA hai : jinhoMne paramArtha ko nahIM jAnA hai aura jo viSaya kaSAyoM meM adhika hai aise puruSoM ke prati sevA upakAra yA dAna kudeva rUpa meM aura kumAnuSa rUpa meM phalatA hai / vasunandI zrAvakAcAra meM 242 vIM gAthA meM apAtra dAna kA phala nimna prakAra likhA hai : jisa prakAra Usara bhUmi meM boyA hugrA bIja kucha bhI nahIM ugatA hai usI prakAra prapAtra meM diyA gayA dAna bhI phala rahita jAnanA cAhie / zAstrakAroM ne mithyAdRSTi ko apAtra kahA hai aura use dAna dene kA phala isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai darzana pAhuDa kI TIkA meM likhA hai ki mithyA dRSTi ko anAdi kA dAna bhI nahIM denA caahie| kahA bhI hai- mithyA dRSTi ko diyA gayA dAna dAtA ko midhyAtva bar3hAne vAlA hai / isI prakAra sAgAra dharmAmRta meM likhA hai - cAritrAbhAsa ko dhAraNa karane vAle mithyA dRSTiyoM ko dAna denA sarpa ko dUdha pilAne ke samAna kevala azubha ke lie hI hotA hai| 21-64 / 149 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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upAsakAdhyayana meM usa dAna ko sAtvika 14 vIM gAthA avazya uddhRta kI jAtI hai / kahA gayA hai jisameM pAtra kA parIkSaNa va nirIkSaNa samaNasatra meM bhI ukta gAthA kA samAveza kiyA hai svayaM kiyA gayA ho aura usa dAna ko tAmasa dAna jaba ki uttama pAtra ko dAna dene kI preraNA dene kahA gayA hai jisameM pAtra-apAtra kA khyAla na kiyA vAlI na kevala rayaNasAra meM apitu anya sabhI gayA ho / sAtvika dAna ko uttama evaM saba dAnoM zAstroM meM gAthAeM haiM kintu ve gAthAye samaNasUtta meM meM tAmasadAna ko jadhanya kahA gayA hai / (829.31) nahIM dI gaI hai| pAThaka vicAra kareM ki apAtra ke dAna kA isa isa prakAra kI gAthAnoM se apAtroM-mithyA prakAra kA phala hone para kundakundAcArya jaisA mahAna dRSTi zithilAcArI evaM anAcArI ko protsAhana prAcArya kaise kaha detA ki pAtra-apAtra kA kyA evaM samarthana milatA hai aisI gAthA kundakunda jaise vicAra karanA? pAgama paraMparA ke saMsthApaka kI nahIM ho sktii| vastutaH aisI gAthA koI bhaTTAraka yA zithilAcArI hI likha sakatA hai jo cAhatA hai ki loga muni ke AhAra ke pazcAt prasAda dilAne use AhAra dAna dete hI raheM cAhe usake pAcaraNa vAlI nimna gAthA bhI vicAraNIya hai-- kaise hI kyoM naho / unakI parIkSA na kare aura eka jo munibhuttavasesaM bhujai so bhujae jinnuvdilN| bAra pAhAra dene para usakI phira parIkSA karanA yA saMsAra-sara-sokkhaM kamaso riNavANavarasovakhaM / 2 / zithilAcArI yA anAcArI mAna lene para bhI usako jo jIva muniyoM ke prAhAra dAna dene ke prakAza meM lAnA sambhava nahIM ho skegaa| pazcAt avazeSa praza ko sevana karatA hai vaha saMsAra yazastilaka campU kAvya meM ukta 14vIM gAthA ke sArabhUta uttama sukhoM ko prApta hotA hai aura krama ke prAzaya kA nimna zloka milatA hai se mokSa sukha ko prApta karatA hai / bhuktimAtrapradAne hi kA parIkSA tapasvinAm te santa, santva-santoM vA gRhaMdAne na kSullaka jJAnasAgarajI ne avazeSa praza ke lie zuddhayanti / 36 / / likhA hai ki isako prasAda samajhakara grahaNa karanA cAhie isakA dAnasAra meM mahatva batAyA gayA hai / ukta campU kAvya uttarakAlIna racanA hone ke ___ aba taka maiMne rayaNasAra kI 4-5 mudrita sAtha-sAtha eka kAvya grantha hai jisako AcAra zAstra pratiyAM dekhI hai unameM yaha gAthA ukta rUpa meM hI yA darzana kI mAnyatA nahIM dI jA sktii| vaise likhI gaI hai| samaNasuttaM meM bhI ukta gAthA isI siddhAnta kI dRSTi se ukta zloka bhI prAgama paraMparA rUpa meM sammilita kI gaI hai kintu abhI DA0 ke pratikUla hI hai kyoMki samyagdRSTi gRhastha sacce devendra kumAra zAstrI dvArA sampAdita rayaNasAra isa sAdhu ko hI vaMdanA pUrvaka AhAra de sakatA hai vaha gAthA meM prAgata 'munibhuktavaseMsa, ko muNibhuktA viseMsa asAdhu kI vaMdanA nahIM kara sakatA / likhA gayA hai| yaha parivartana saMbhavataH isIlie prAja bhI zithilAcAriyoM ke virodha kI baat| kiyA gayA hai ki prasAda khAne kA jaina paraMparA se para ukta gAthA kI duhAI dI jAtI hai aura unako kisI prakAra praucitya siddha nahIM hotA, anyathA dAna dene kA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai / rayaNasAra isa parivartana kA kAraNa unhoMne nahIM btaayaa| kI anya gAthAnoM meM uttama pAtra ko dAna dene vAlI nimna gAthA meM muni ke lie deya padArthoM kI jo gAthAe haiM unheM uddhRta nahIM kiyA jAtA kintu sUcI dI gaI hai mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71 2-21

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231 hiya miya-maNNaM pAMraNa rigaravajjehiM girAula meM nahIM pAe / prAcIna granthoM meM uttama madhyama evaM ThArarNa / jadhanya pAtroM ke nAma se tIna bheda pAtroM ke haiM phira sayaraNAsaNabhavayaraNaM jAriNakA dei mokkhro| kupAtra evaM prapAtra haiM ye saptakSetra kaba se kisa zAstrakAra ne mAnya kie haiM. isakA spaSTIkaraNa mokSamArga meM sthira (gRhastha) (muni ke lie) prAvazyaka hai| inameM pratima cAra kSetra dattiyoM hitakara parimita annapAna, nirdoSa prauSadhi, (pAtradatti, samadatti, dayAdati aura anvayadatti) ke nAma se prAdipurANa meM bharata cakravartI ne avazya nirAkUla sthAna, zayana, prAsana, upakaraNa ko samajhakara detA hai / (DA. devendrakumArajI ne bhAvArtha a batAe haiM / putra parivAra ko samasta dhana saMpadA denA meM upakaraNa ke bAda koSThaka meM "prAdi" aura tInaloka ke rAjya phalasvarUpa paMcakalyAraNa rUpa phala arthAta tIrthakara pada detA hai aisA kunda-kunda yA anya likhA hai) muni ke lie zayana, prAsana, upakaraNa kisI prAcArya ne nahIM likhA / sabhI manuSya marate paura prAdi kyA hai ? prAja munigaNa apane ina zayana prAsana upakaraNa Adi ke nAma para itanA samaya yA vaise bhI apanI dhana saMpadA putra parivAra parigraha rakhate haiM ki unheM lAne lejAne ke lie bar3I ko de jAte haiM kyA ve tIrthakara prakRti ke phala ko 2 baseM cAhie / itane parigraha ko rakhate hue ve muni pAte haiM ? aisA kathana karma siddhAnta ke sarvathA nigraMtha digambara kaise kahalA sakate haiM ? viparIta hai| svayaM DA0 devendra kumArajI bhI ukta gAthA se sahamata nahIM dikhate hai. isI lie unhoMne nimna gAthA meM saptakSetroM meM dAna dene kA phala bhAvArtha meM 'paMcakallAgaphala kA artha nahI diyaa| isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai uttama pAtra muni ko dhana dene ke lie kundakunda iha riNayasuvittabIyaM jo vavai jiNuttasatta jaise nigraMtha tapasvI kaise kaha sakate the ? unakI __ khetta su| gAthAnoM meM to muni ko dravya denA pApamUlaka hI so tihuvaraNarajjaphalaM bhujadi kllaannNpcphlN| batAyA gayA hai| 161 gAthA saMkhyA 2 meM samyagdRSTi kA nimna svarUpa isa loka meM jo vyakti nija zreSTha dhana rUpa batAyA haibIja ke jinadeva dvArA kathita saptakSetroM meM botA hai puvvaM jiNehiM bhaNiyaM jahaTThiyaM gaNaharehi vitthariyaM / vaha tIna loka ke rAjya phala-paMcakalyANaka rUpa kala ko bhogatA hai| puvvAiriyakkamajaM taM bollai sohu saddiTThI / 2 / ina saptakSetroM kA kisI prAcIna graMtha meM (jo) pUrvakAla meM sarvajJa ke dvArA kahe hue, ullekha dekhane meM nahIM paayaa| DA. devendra kumArajI __ gaNadharoM dvArA vistRta tathA pUrvAcAryoM ke krama se prApta vacana ko jyoM kA tyoM bolatA hai vaha nizcaya ne bhAvArtha meM saptakSetra isa prakAra likhe haiM / jina se samyagdRSTi hai| pUjA 2. mandira prAvi kI pratiSThA 3. tIrthayAtrA 4. muni prAdi pAtroM ko dAna denA 5. sahamiyoM samyagdRSTi kA aisA lakSaNa isI graMtha meM milatA ko dAna denA 6. bhUkhe-pyAse tathA dukhI jIvoM hai anyatra zAyada hI mile| ko dAna denA 7. apane kula va parivAra vAloM ko gRhastha ke Avazyaka SaTakarmoM meM dAna kA aMtima sarvasvadAna karanA / kundakundAcArya unake TIkAkAra sthAna hai kintu rayaNasAra ke kundakunda dAna ko deva va anya prAcAryo ke granthoM meM kSetra ke ye bheda dekhane pUjA se bhI pahale mukhya sthAna dete haiM 2-22 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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dAraNaM pUyA mukkhaM sAvayadhamye Na sAvayAteNa virnnaa| aticAra kauna se haiM yaha spaSTa kie jAne kI zrAvaka ke SaTkartavyoM kA krama isa prakAra hai- AvazyakatA hai| devapUjA, guru upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura muni ke lie vibhinna vastuoM meM mamatva kA daan| dAna kA antima sthAna hote hue bhI niSedha isa prakAra kiyA gayA haisvAdhyAya, saMyama, tapAdi kI sarvathA upekSA kara vasadI paDimovayaraNe gaNagacche samayasaMghajAi kule / dAna ko prathama sthAna denA tathA 155 gAthAoM ke sissapIDa sissachatte suyajAte kappar3e putthe / 144 graMtha meM dAna kI vyAkhyA evaM prazaMsA meM 30-31 picche saMttharaNe icchAsu loheNa kuNaimamayAraM / gAthAeM likhanA batAtA hai ki isa graMthakAra ko yAvacca aTTarucha tAva Na mucedI Na hu sokkhaM / 146 dAna atipriya thaa| bhaTTArakagaNa nAnA prakAroM se (yadi sAdhu vasatikA, pratimopakaraNa meM, dhana saMgraha kiyA karate the| SaTa kartavyoM meM dAna ko garamaccha meM, zAstra saMgha jAti kUla meM, ziSyamukhya evaM prathama sthAna denA usakA sarvocca phala- pratiziSya chAtra meM, sUta prapautra meM, kapar3e meM, pothI tIrtha kara pada evaM nirvANa prAdi batAnA kevala meM, pIchI meM, vistara meM, icchAmoM meM lobha se isIlie thA ki bhakta loga unheM dAna dete rheN| mamatva karatA hai aura jaba taka prAtaraudra dhyAna nahIM chor3atA hai taba taka sukhI nahIM hotA hai| merA prAzaya yaha nahIM hai ki dAna kA koI kyA digambara jaina sAdhu kapar3e, pratimopakaraNa, mahatva nahIM hai| zrAvaka ke kartavyoM meM usakA vistara Adi rakhatA hai jo unake prati mamatva kA aMtima sthAna hai (jo ki tarkasiddha evaM buddhigamya phala batAyA gayA hai| ye gAthAe kisI adigambara bhI hai) usako usake bajAya prathama sthAna kaise diyA dvArA likhI huI ho to koI Azcarya nahIM hai / ukta gayA? isa graMtha meM zrAvaka ke anya prAvazyakA, gAthA meM prayakta 'gaNa gaccha' kA gaThana kudakuda ke vratoM, pratimAnoM kA nAmollekha mAtra kiyA bahuta kAla bAda huA hai| umAsvAmI ne apane sUtra gayA hai| 24 adhyAya 9 meM gaNazabda kA prayoga ukta gaNaisa graMtha kI 7vIM gAthA meM samyagdRSTi ke gaccha ke artha meM nahIM kiyA hai / DA0 devendra kumArajI cavAlIsa (saMpAdaka ke zabdoM meM dUSaNa) na honA ne umAsvAmI ke ukta sUtra kA havAlA dete hue batAyA hai / 25 doSa, 7 vyasana, 7 bhaya evaM prati- kudakuda kRta hI mAnA hai kiMtu unake kAla meM garaNa kramaNa-ullaMghana 5 isa prakAra kula 44 doSa batAe yA gacchoM kA gaThana nahIM humA yaha to nizcita hI gae haiN| paramparA meM samyagdaSTi ke 25 doSoM kA hai| uttarakAlIna racanAmoM meM hI gaNa-gaccha kA ullekha to yathA prasaMga sarvatra milatA hai kintu ina prayoga milatA hai| isIlie DA0 e0ena0 upAdhye, 44 doSoM kA ullekha anyatra dekhane meM nahIM paayaa| DA0 hIrAlAlajI, paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra kudakudAcArya ke uttaravartI kisI prAcArya yA sadRza adhikArI vidvAnoM ne isa natha ko kudakuda TIkAkAra ne inakA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| isakA kI racanA mAnane meM saMdeha vyakta kiyA hai| kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki ukta prAcAryoM ke prathakAra ne isa rayaNasAra ko na par3hane sunane samakSa yaha rayaNasAra na rahA ho| atikramaNa- vAle ko mithyA dRSTi batAyA haiullaMghana ke 5 aticAra kauna se haiM yaha bhI dekhane gaMthamiNaM jo i raNa hu maNNa i Na hu meM nahIM paayaa| DA. devendrakumAra ne vrata niyama ke suraNei gahu pddh'| ullaMghanasvarUpa 5 aticAra likhe haiN| 12 vratoM ke ga ha citaiNa ha bhAvai so ceva havei 5-5 aticAra hote haiM so ve vrata niyama ke 5 kuTTiI / / 541 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-23

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jo vyakti isa graMtha ko nahIM dekhatA, nahIM meM prAkRta bhASA ke rayaNasAra graMtha kA nAmollekha mAnatA, nahIM sunatA, nahIM par3hatA, nahIM ciMtana hai aura racayitA kA nAma vIranandI hai jo saMskRta karatA, nahIM bhAtA hai vaha vyakti hI mithyAdRSTi TIkAkAra pratIta hote haiM / isa TIkA kI khoja karanI hotA hai| caahie|" samajha meM nahIM pAyA ki DAkTara sA. jaise mahAna graMthakAra isa racanA ne gratha ko binA dekhe hI kaise mAna liyA ki vIra ko na dekhane na par3hane, na sunane na mAnane vAle ko nandI saMskRta TIkAkAra pratIta hote haiM jabaki unhoMne mithyAdRSTi batAte ? aisI gAthA kI racanA to apane svayaM sUcI meM racayitA ke sthAna para vIranandI kA graMtha kI mahattA dikhAne ke lie bhaTTAraka hI kara nAma spaSTa likhA huprA batAyA hai| cUki prati sakate haiM na ki saMsAra tyAgI AtmasAdhanA meM lIna sAmane nahIM hai ataH anya kalpanA karanA ThIka nahIM kudakudAcArya / hai| phira bhI prApta sUcanAnusAra sUcI meM prAkRta isa graMtha meM aisI hI anya gAthAe haiM jinakA bhASA ke rayaNasAra ke kartA kA nAma vIranandI hai sUkSma parIkSaNa karane se inameM viSamatAe evaM na ki kundakunda / jaba taka ise galata siddha nahI viparItatA milegii| kiyA jAve isa sUcI ke varNana ko sahI mAnanA ___DA0 devendrakumArajI ne apanI prastAvanA meM samIcIna hogA / madhyakAla meM vIranandI hue haiM ise kudakuda kRta mAnane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unhoMne prAcArasAra likhA thA sambhava hai rayaNasAra unhoMne prastAvanA ke pR0 92 para 'racanAe' zIrSaka bhI unhIM kA likhA huA ho| parA meM likhA hai ki zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra ne vidvAn sampAdaka DA0 devendrakumArajI ne prAcArya kudakuda kI 22 racanAoM kA ullekha isakI kaI gAthAeM prakSipta batalAkara mUla grantha se kiyA hai jo isa prakAra hai| isa sUcI meM rayaNasAra alaga prastuta kI haiM kintu phira bhI graMtha meM kucha kA nAma bhI hai| isa sUcI ke sAtha rayaNasAra ke gAthAe aisI aura haiM jina para kSepaka likhA huyA sambandha meM zrI mukhtAra sA. kA ukta mata uddhRta hai ataH isake mUla praza aura kSepakAMza kA nirNaya nahIM kiyA isase pAThaka yahI samajhe ki mukhtAra ho pAnA sahaja nahIM hai| sA. rayaNasAra ko kudakuda kRta hI mAnate the jaba ataH ataraMga bahiraMga parIkSaNa se yaha graMtha ki vAstavika sthiti dUsarI hI hai| vItarAga parama tapasvI digambara kudakudAcArya dvArA ___DA0 devendra kumAra jI ne anekAMta ke janavarI likhA huA nahIM mAlUma hotA apitu kisI bhaTTAraka mArca 76 ke aMka meM 'rayaNasAra-svAdhyAya paramparA yA aura kisI dvArA unake nAma para likhA hA meM' zIrSaka lekha meM likhA hai-"rayaNasAra nAma kI pratIta hotA hai| eka anya kRti kA ullekha dakSiNa bhArata ke bhaNDAroM vidvAnoM se merA namra anurodha hai ki ve isa kI sUcI meM hastalikhita grathoM meM kiyA gayA hai| graMtha kA samyak prakAra se tulanAtmaka adhyayana kara zrI digambara jaina ma. cittAmUra, sAutha pArakADa apanA maMtavya prastuta kareM tAki logoM ko sahI madrAsa prAMta meM sthita zAstrabhaNDAra meM krama saM0 39 sthiti jJAta ho jaave| * isameM viSayoM kA vyavasthita varNana nahIM hai / dAna, samyagdarzana, muni, municaryA prAdi kA kramaza. varNana na hokara kabhI dAna kA, kabhI samyagdarzana kA, kabhI pUjana kA, kabhI muni kA varNana idhara udhara aprAsaMgika rUpa se asaMbaddha rUpa se milatA hai|) 2-24 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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jaina bhUgola ke anusAra jambU dvIpa ko bharata, haimavata prAdi sAta kSetroM meM vibhakta karane vAle himavat, mahAhimavat prAdi chaha kulAcala parvata haiN| pratyeka kulAcala parvata para eka-eka sarovara hai| usa sarovara ke madhya meM eka kamala hai / himavat parvatopari sarovara kA nAma padma hai| isake kamala meM bhI devI kA sAmAnika praura pAriSad jAti ke devoM sahita nivAsa hai / laukika paramparA meM zrI samRddhi kI pratIka hai| pra0 sampAdaka prAkRta sAhitya meM zrI devI kI loka paramparA * zrI rameza jaina, bIkAnera __ mahAvIra kA bhukAva jana bhAvanA ko mAdara kI, apitu pUjA-arcanA, Ayatana nirmANa ityAdi dene kA, adhika rahA hai| unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko kI mahatvapUrNa sUcanAe jaina sAhitya meM surakSita prAdeza diyA thA ki ve jisa jisa kSetra paura pradeza meM haiN| sarvaprathama hama vaidika-sAhitya meM cacita svarUpa vihAra kareM, vahAM kI bhASA (kSetrIya paura prAdezika) ko prastuta kareMge tatpazcAt prAkRta-apabhraMza sIkheM aura pravacana kreN| isalie unheM aThAraha sAhitya meM zrI devI ke svarUpa kI vivecanA rkheNge| dezI bhASAoM kA jJAtA honA prAvazyaka kahA gayA prajanana evaM samRddhi kI devI zrI hai| loka-ruci mora loka-bhAvanA ko prAdara dene kI mUlabhitti para jaina dharma AdhArita haiM / jaina-sAdhu prajanana kI devI ke rUpa meM sabase purAnA aura zrAvaka ke sIdhe samparka, vibhinna kSetroM meM vihAra ullekha 'vAjasaneyI saMhitA' meM milatA hai / ise karane ke phalasvarUpa jainAcAryoM dvArA racita sAhitya kIcar3a meM vikasita-kamala se yukta, samRddhidAtA kahA meM, sAmAjika, Arthika, sAMskRtika, laukika parampa- gayA hai|' rAmoM evaM dharmoM kA Akalana, sahaja hI ho gayA hai| aisA hI ullekha Rgveda ke khila bhAga meM Aye prajanana ko devI zrI ke sandarbha vaidika sAhitya zrI sUkta (pAMcavA maNDala) meM hai jahAM devI ko mAtA meM, pracura mAtrA meM prApta hai / IsA kI 2rI-3rI zrI,kSmA yA pRthvI kahA hai (devI kSmA yA bhUmi), zatAbdi taka zrI kA zrIlakSmI meM samanvaya ho gayA zrI (devI mAtaraM zriyam) / ise saba pazuoM kI aura zrI kA mUla svarUpa tirohita ho jAnA pratIta janitrI aura annoM kI utpAdiyatrI kahA hai (pazUno hotA hai / kintu jaina sAhitya meM prApta sUcanAmoM se rUpamannasya mayi: zrIH zrayatAM yazaH) / yaha kRSakoM aisA lagatA hai ki zrI devI apane mUla rUpa meM loka- kI saMrakSaka devI rhii| isake lie 'pArdA' vizeSaNa paramparA meM surakSita rahIM hai| na kevala mUlasvarUpa bhI prayukta humA hai, jisakA artha tAjA, vRkSa jaisA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-25

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harA bharA, sajIva dhaura ina guNoM dvArA cetanA pradAna karane vAlI hai / isa prakAra vaidika sAhitya meM ise bhautika samRddhi dAtA, kalyANakArI, sauMdarya, vijaya, prAbhA, daihika sauMdarya kI abhivRddhi karttA, bImAriyoM se rakSA karane vAlA prAbhUSaNa kahA hai| atharvaveda meM bhI zrI devI ke samRddhidAtA tathA pazu saMrakSaka rUpa kI carcA hai| jahAM isakI prArthanA meM gAyoM, khAdya sAmagrI, mantra, samRddhi, svarNa dAsI, svAsthya, sukha kA nivedana kiyA gayA hai / rAmAyaNa ke sundara kANDa ( 30 / 2 ) meM hanumAna sItA ko dekhakara unheM pahale nandana vana kA devatA samajha baiThate haiM (pravekSamANastAM devIM devatAmiva nandane) / isameM bhI mAnava zarIra ke saundaryapratIka ke rUpa meM zrI devI kA citraNa milatA hai / 'kuvalayamAlAkahA' meM rAjA dRDhavarmA kI kula paramparA se calI AI bhagavatI rAjazrI kula devatA kA sandarbha hai / rAjA kuladevI zrI kI pUjA karake eka putra pAne kA vara pAte haiN| arthAt kuvalayamAlA meM hama siridevI yA zrI devI ko saMtAna pradAna karane vAlI devI ke rUpa meM pUjita hotA pAte haiM / yahAM ise rAyasiri' aura sirI donoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| dhanapAla kI tilaka maMjarI meM bhI rAjA dvArA apane (nijI udyAna) pramadavana meM zrI devatAgRha aura usameM sthApita zrI kI kASThapratimA kA ullekha hai / yahAM putra prApti ke nimitta zrI zrAyatana meM pUjA karane kI, tathA zrI devI dvArA putra pradAna karane kI carcA hai| viziSTa bAta yaha hai ki yahAM bhI rAjazrI aura zrI donoM rUpa meM sandarbha haiN| prataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina sAhitya meM 'zrI' ke aneka rUpa vikasita hue| eka rUpa rAjyazrI kA thA jo na kevala rAjya kI samRddhi kA sUcaka thA apitu rAja parivAra kI vRddhi se sambaddha thA / zrI devI ko prabhilASita yA icchita kI pUrti prarthAt zrI devI prajanana kI devI kI rUpa meM loka meM barAbara pUjita rhii| dUsarI bAta hai, zrIgRha yA zrAyatana ke nirmANa kI zrIdevI ke mandira, zrAyatana ko hama udyAna meM pAte haiM jo usake prajanana-rUpa kI yAda dilAte haiM / jaba usakA sambaMdha prArya pUrva se hI loka meM hariyAlI, utpAdana kI devI ke rUpa meM rahA / tIrthaMkara mAtA ke svapnoM eva aSTamaMgala dravyoM meM se eka zrI devI kI paramparA jaina sAhitya meM kuSANa kAlIna prAkRta grantha 'aMgavijjA' meM karane vAlI devI kahA hai / anyatra 'siridhara' yA zrIgRha kA ullekha bhI hai / 3 milindra - prazna' meM ( pra0 2 / 1 ) zrIdevatA ke dhArmika sampradAya evaM anuyAyiyoM kI carcA hai / ye anuyAyI 'bhakta' kahalAte the / buddhavaMsa meM ( II, 2 / 2 ) nanda zrArAma meM nirmita 'siridhara' kI carcA hai / prakSuNNa rUpa se milatI hai / udyAna meM zrI devI kA prAyatana banAne aura mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 dUsarI ora zrI dhaura lakSmI ko viSNu kI patnI kahA gayA hai| mahAbhArata ( virATa parva ) meM deviyoM ke parigaNana meM viSNu ke sAtha zrI, dAmodara ke sAtha lakSmI, indra ke sAtha zaci kA ullekha AyA hai / samanvaya kI dhArA zAntiparva meM bhI iSTigocara hotI hai, jahAM zrIbhUti zraura lakSmI ko eka kahA gayA haiM / (bhUtilakSmIti mAmAhuH zrI ritsevacavAsavaH) / prAkRta sAhitya meM zrI devI 'vasudeva hiNDI' meM zrIgRha kA ullekha hai jo revataka parvata ke pAsa sthita nandanavana meM banA thA / 2-26 yahAM pIThIkA para zrI devI kI pratimA sthApita thI / satyabhAmA ne zrAkara prArthanA kI. icchA pUrI hone para samucita pUjA-arcanA karegI / vasudeva hiNDI meM zrI ko mAnavIya sauMdarya ke pratIka rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai tathA saundarya ke mApadaNDa ke rUpa meM usakI carcA hai / zrIvatsa yukta pradya umna tathA dhammila prAdi kA varNana milatA hai| 4

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usakI pUjA karake saMtAna prApti kI loka paramparA dUsarI zatI) ke pazcimI toraNa ke eka stambha para kI puSTi zrI canda ke apabhraza kahAkosu (11 vI lekha sahita 'sirimA devatA' kA aMkana prApta hai| zatI) se hotI hai| putra-prApti prathavA santAna- DaoN0 motIcandra ne usmAnAbAda ke tera sthAna se prApti ke lie mAtRdevI ke rUpa meM pUjita ilA devI prApta hAthIdAMta para utkIraNa siridevI kA ullekha kI carcA bhI mAkhyAnamaNikoza prAkRta grantha meM bhI kiyA hai / devagar3ha meM bhI zrIdevI kA mAtRdeviyoM pAyI hai| ke rUpa meM aMkana prApta hai| ___ isa prakAra prAkRta sAhitya meM zrIdevI kA purAtatvIya yA mUrtikalA meM siriyA zrI devI svarUpa mAnavIya sauMdarya ke pratIka, evaM santAna aMkana barAbara milatA rahA hai| bharahuta (I0 pU0 pradAna karane vAlI devI ke rUpa meM cacita hai| saMdarbha: 1 tathA 2 : 'Shri' according to Mrs. Hartmaun appears as distinct female deity in the 'Vajasneyi-Samhita' for the first time. She was a pre Aryan goddess of fertility and other phenomena relating to it whose Symbol is the lotus-growing in the mud and stirne and whose cult, Mythology and Iconography show a variety of true characteristics of the deities concerned with fertility and prosperity in general, -Dr. Motichandra An-Ivory figure from Ter, Lulit Kala No. 8-Page one. 'ihiM sirI viNeyA' aMgavijjA pra. 51 pR0 205, tathA 'suvakesu siridhara gataM brUyA' pra0 57 pR02221 vasudevahiNDI-DA0 bhogIlAla je0 sAMDesarA kA gujarAtI panuvAda / 'asthi devassa mahArAya-sa-ppasUyA puvva purisa-saMrojjhA rAyasiri bhagavaI kula-devayA taM samArAhi putta-varaM patthesu'ti |'-kuvlymaalaakhaa-pR0 13 paMkti 28-29 / aura 'to sirIe saMlatta' / 'naravaI vi laddha rAyasiri-vara-ppasAmro viggayo devaharayAno'pR0 15 paMkti 9 tathA 151 vidhehitAvanmaMtrajapavidhimArAdhitaprasannayA rAjalakSmayA vitIrNam / prApnotu putravaramiyam / dhanapAla kRta-tilaka-maMjarI pR0 33 tathA- 'tatra cAtiprazaste'hani tathA yogya mAcita samasta pUjyavarga: paripUrNasarvAvayavAM sarvapratimAlakSaNapetAM sarvAlaMkArabhUSitavapulaMtAM sarvalokanAnandajananI sarvadoSa nimuktAmatyudAramuktAzailadAru-saMbhavA bhagavatyA zriyaH pratikRti yathAvidhi pratiSThAya |'-pR033-341 'himavaMtapomadaha vAsiNIe siriyAdevIe suhAsiNIe' zrIcandrakRta 'kahakosU' saMdhi 48 kaDavaka 4 se 6 taka vistAra se dekheN| tattha ilAdevIe prAyayaNaM vijjai jnnpsiddh| taM ca jaNo kajjathI puttaainimitmcce| pAkhyAna maNikoza pR0 91 paMkti 6 tathA vistAra se dekheM merA lekha-mAtRdevI ilAH paramparA aura vikaas| Dr. Motichandra : An Ivory figure from Ter, Lalit Kala No. 8, Page one. mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17 2-27

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MOM RISASISARUSSA PODAWABANGO DASANDO DOSADASOCCORON yaha mAnava jIvana * ku* uSAkiraNa, jabalapura yaha mAnava jIvana hai kitanA durlabha kitane haiM isake prAyAma astitvoM kA hI saMgharSa dharA para dalanI yUM hI jIvana kI zAma hara parivezoM para dhUla jamI hai sAtvikatA to kUla par3I hai yaha mana ghRNA-dveSa ke vAtAyana meM nita-prati ramatA jAtA hai mRgatRSNA ke bhramita nIra meM khojatA phiratA pipAsA kA nidAna kazorya vayasaMdhi kI garimA meM puruSArtha kahAM tyAga kSamA karuNA kA dhAma bahuraMgI cunarI ke avaguNThana meM rASTra kI avanati kA dhAma saba apanI DhapalI le rAga vihAga kare benAma nArI jo lajjAvasanA thI sukhopabhogoM kI daur3a meM vijayI hokara kaisI ho gaI chalanA nija kA mamatva visarAkara karuNA rata hai dene meM rUpa saundarya kA dAna yUhI prAdarzoM ko hoDa meM bItA hai abataka jIvana laghutama yaha mAnava jIvana KUMHOWYWANYCOSMS SMS MHE. MY SMS 2-28 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 RDI secolo CONSSANDHA SWAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHHAHA.

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vizva ke darzanoM ko moTe rUpa se vo bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai1. IzvaravAdI aura 2. zranIzvaravAdI / jaina aura bauddha isa artha meM anIzvaravAdI haiM ki ve isa vizva kA koI kartA dhartA evaM mAnavoM ko unake acche bure karmoM ke zubhAzubha phaloM kA dene vAlA koI Izvara nahIM maante| ve mAnava kI zrama zakti para vizvAsa karate haiN| jIva jaisA karma karatA hai usako vaisA hI phala svataH milatA hai isIlie inakI saMskRti zrama para prAdhUta hone se zramaNa saMskRti kahalAtI hai jisakA artha hai saba para sama bhAva rakhane vAlA parizramazIla tathA tapasvI Adi / dUsarI dhArA vaidika hai jo IzvaravAdI hai / lekhaka ke anusAra donoM dhArAeM eka dUsare ko virodhI na hokara paraspara sahayogI evaM eka dUsare kI pUraka haiN| - zrama sAdhanA aura zramaNa saMskRti bhAratIya saMskRti kI saMracanA meM do ghaTakoM kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai / ve haiM (1) brAhmaNa saMskRti, ( 2 ) zramaNa saMskRti / brAhmaNa saMskRti sIdhA sambandha vaidika sAhitya se mAnA jAtA hai jisameM yAjJika kAryoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isa saMskRti ke prastotA ke rUpa meM vaidika RSiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai jabaki dUsare ghaTaka ke puraskartA ke rUpa meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA nAma liyA jAtA hai / zramaNa saMskRti ko vartamAna rUpa dene kA zreya antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko hai / ina donoM cintana dhArAmroM ne yadyapi bhAratIya saMskRti ko sajAyA saMvArA, aura nikhArA hai kintu kucha vidvajjana ina donoM vicAra saraNiyoM ko eka dUsare kA sahayogI mAnane meM na kevala saMkoca karate haiM apitu eka dUsare ko paraspara virodhI vicAradhArA vAlI saMskRti ke rUpa meM prati mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 * DA0 kRpAzaMkara vyAsa, zAjApura (ma. pra. ) pAdita karane meM apanI ahaMmanyatA mAnate haiM / yaha hai bhAratIya bhUmi meM phalita do saMskRtiyoM kA pariNAma / kintu yaha zubha saMketa hai ki aneka pranusaMdhitsutroM ne yaha siddha karane kA prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA hai ki donoM cintana dhArAyeM eka dUsare kI virodhI nahIM apitu sahayogI evaM pUraka haiM aura donoM ne bhAratIya saMskRti ke udAtta mahanIya, zranukaraNIya rUpa ko vikasita kiyA hai jisakA pratiphala hai ki zrAja bhI videzI bhAratIya saMskRti ke samakSa zraddhAvanata haiM / vyAkaraNa sammata artha zramaNa saMskRti ne bhAratIya saMskRti ke unnayana meM kitanA bahu prAyAmI evaM bahu-sopAnI yogadAna diyA hai isako spaSTa karane ke liye zrAvazyaka hai| ki "bhramaNa " zabda kA vyAkaraNa sammata vivecana pra0 sampAdaka 2-29

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kiyA jaaye| zramaNa zabda kI vyutpatti "zram" anuyoga dvAra sUtra meM "samaNa" zabda kI vistRta dhAtu se hai jisakA artha hai svataH parizrama karanA, vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| kathana haiceSTA karanA, prayatna karanA / "zram" dhAtu meM jaba "to samaNoM jai sumaNo, bhAveNa ya jai Na 'dha' pratyaya lagatA hai taba "zram' zabda kI siddhi pAvamaNo" hotI hai| 'zram' dhAtu ke sAtha "yuc' pratyaya lagane ___ sayaNe pra jaNe ma samo, samo pramANAvapara vizeSaNa zramaNa banatA hai jisakA artha hai __ mAraNesu" anu. 132 parizramI, mehanatI, sanyAsI prAdi (vizeSa draSTa vya (jo mana se su-mana (nirmala manavAlA) hai saMskRta hindI koza-vAmana zivarAma prApTe pR0 2deg saMkalpa mAtra se bhI jo kabhI pAponsukha nahIM hotA, 1135) isa vyAkaraNa sammata atha ke kAraNa zramaNa svajana tathA parajana meM, mAna evaM apamAna meM sadA saMskRti parizramI vyakti kI saMskRti kI paryAya sama rahatA hai vahI "samaNa" hotA hai| siddha hotI hai| yadi isI arthavattA ke prAdhAra para mahAvIra aura zramaraNa zabda : "zramaNa saMskRti" kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jAye to uparivivecana se spaSTa hai ki anya tIrtha karoM isa saMskRti ko pUrNa-rUpeNa bhautikavAdI saMskRti kI apekSA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana evaM kAryahonA cAhiye thA kintu yarthAthatA isase pare hai|| kalApoM meM samatA kA sthAna sarvopari thaa| unake jaina grantha aura zramaraNa zabda : hRdaya meM svakalyANa kI apekSA para kalyANa kI zramaNa saMskRti naitika prAdhyAtmika vyAkhyA bhAvanA bizeSa balavatI thii| sabhI jIvoM ke prati parassara karane vAlI saskRti hai| prata. zramaNa zabda unakI dRSTi kAruNyamayI udAtta thii| UMca-nIca kA prayoga isa saMskRti ke saMdarbha meM kisa rUpa meM choTA-bar3A kisI bhI prakAra kA vibhedAtmaka vicAra pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai isakA avalokana jaina unake vizAla hadaya ko cha bhI nahIM pAyA thaa| granthoM meM karanA nitAMta Avazyaka hai| jaina granthoM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko janma maraNa ke bhavameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke liye 'samaraNa" zabda cakra se mukta karAne ke liye satata unakA antastala kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| "samaNe bhagavana chaTapaTAtA rahatA thaa| jIvana meM jaba kabhI kisI mahAvIre" / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke liye zramaNa zabda prANI ko unakI dayAmayI dRSTi kI AvazyakatA viziSTa artha evaM dhvani vAlA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM par3I ve sadA usake rakSaka rUpa meM prastuta rahe / "samayAe samaraNo hoi" candanabAlA kI mukti gAthA unakI isI udAttamayI kA spaSTa ullekha hai jisakI dhvani hai ki bhAvanA kI hI pratIka hai| samatA ke siddhAnta kA paripAlana karane vAlA hI jaina granthoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke liye na yathArthataH zramaNa pada kA adhikArI hai| isI mata kI puSTi uttarAdhyayana kI cariNakA meM bhI kI gaI kevala ''samaNa" zabda kA prayoga milatA hai apitu hai / kathana hai-- "mahAsamaNa" bhI prApta hai| jo ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI "sarvajana hitAya" bhAvanA kA hI "samo savvattha maNo jassa bhavati sa dyotaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAn apane jIvana samaNo" jisakA mana sarvatra samabhAva se sthita meM aneka jhaMjhAvAtoM se jUjhate huye kabhI bhI rahatA hai vahI samaNa (zramaNa) hai / ) "samatA" ke siddhAnta se vicalita nahIM ho ske| __kAlAntara meM "samaNa' zabda apane pratipAdya caNDakauzika sarpa kI gAthA isI mahA samatA" artha se dUra na ho jAye sambhavataH isI kAraNa se kI gAthA hai| 2-30 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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zramaNa zabda kI upari vyAkhyA ke atirikta sakatA hai| isI kAraNa unhoMne zrama kI mahattA yadi vyAkaraNa sammata artha prariprekSya meM bhI zramaNa pratipAdita kI hai aura zrama ko apane jIvana meM saMskRti ke unnAyaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana akSarazaH utArA thaa| tabhI ve "mahAsamaraNa" ke kI ghaTanAoM kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jAye to bhI mahanIya pada ke yathArtha adhikArI bane / "zramaNa saskRti" apanI garimAmayI arthavattA se alaga nahIM hotI hai / zramaNa saMskRti dUsaroM ko zrama kA prAdhyAtmika artha a kaSTa dene meM aura svataH sukha ke upabhoga meM vizvAsa kucha vidvatajana 'zrama' zabda kA prAdhyAtmika nahIM karatI hai apitu isake viparIta "svataH ke artha 'tapa" karate haiN| unhoMne sAtvika zrama ko zramasAdhya phala prApti'' ke pramogha maMtra ke prati tapazcaryA mAnA hai| unake matAnusAra vyakti tapa pUrNa niSThA rakhatI hai| vyakti uti ke carama dvArA zarIra ko tapAtA hai, kasatA hai aura vahI sopAna para usI samaya pahuMca sakatA hai jaba vaha zramaNa pada kA adhikArI hotA hai| jaina darzana meM prosthAvAna hokara zrama kare, parAvalaMbana kA himAyatI tapa kA pratha kavala "u tapa kA artha kevala "upavAsa" yA mAtra dhyAna na banakara svAvalabana ko jIvana kA prAdarza maane| lagAnA nahIM hai apitu "tapa" zabda kA eka viziSTa pAlasyamayI jIvana se sadA dUra rahe anyathA vistRta artha hai jo ki jIvana kI pratyeka samasyA "zramaNa" hokara ke bhI vyakti "pApI ho kA hala prastuta kara sakatA hai / ataH vyakti prAdhyA. jaayegaa| tmika unnati hetu tapa kA sambala le yahI jaina darzana kA abhiprAya hai| yaha avazya hai ki tapa ke sAtha pAvApurI ke pratima pravacana meM to bhagavAna anya naitika AsthAye bhI juDI haiM jinheM mAnanA mahAvIra kI spaSTa ukti hai vyakti ke lie prAvazyaka hai| isa prakAra tapa aura "je kaI u pavvaie, nidAsIle pgaamsoN| zrama kI ekarUpatA siddha hotI hai / bhoccA piccA suhaM supraipAvasamaNe tti vaccaI / / karma aura zrama jo vyakti pravajita hokara bhI rAta dina nidrA 'zrama' zabda kI arthavattA vivecana pazcAt yaha letA rahatA hai, prAlasya meM sadA prAmagna rahatA hai aura khA pIkara masta rahatA hai vaha cAhe zramasA hI spaSTa hai ki "zrama' kA sIdhA saMbaMdha vyakti ke 'karmabhAva' se hai| vyakti jaisA karma karegA phala bhI kyoM na ho aise zramahIna zramaNa "pApI zramaNa" use vaisA hI milegaa| karma karane kA zrama hI kahalAte haiN| vyakti ko unnati yA patana ke mArga para le jAne meM zrama kI pratiSThA meM isase adhika sundara aura samartha hai| yadi vyakti kA zrama udAttamayI bhAvanA mahanIya kathana aura kyA saMbhava hai| mahAvIra ne se hotA hai to zrama zIla kA prAdhyAtmika kalyANa jIvana meM jo kucha anubhava kiyA use zabdoM meM saMbhava hai kintu isake viparIta bhAvanA se prerita abhivyakta kara prANImAtra ko saceta kiyA hai ki zrama vyakti ko patanonmukha kara sakatA hai / isI jIvana kI sArthakatA "zrama' meM hI hai / "zrama" hI kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra zrama ke sAtha udAttamayI eka mAtra mAdhyama hai jisase prAraNo apane gantavya bhAvanA ke bhI himAyatI the| unakI bhAvanA thI para pahuMca sakatA hai / bAhyADaMbara evaM grAlasa se jana kalyANa kii| unakI isI bhAvanA ke kAraNa manuSya cAhe bhikSu kA cogA kyoM na pahina le kintu hI prabuddha vicAraka prAcArya samantabhadra ne mahAvIra vaha yathArtha me "zramaNa" pada kA adhikArI nahIM ho ke udAttamaya zrama ko sarvodaya zAsana kahA hai mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17 2-31

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"sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM rASTra hI nahIM apitu vizva kI mAnava jAti meM tavaiva" eka rUpatA bhA sakatI hai aura vartamAna meM rASTroM isI jana kalyANamayI bhAvanA kI prastuti kA jo vidhvaMsaka rUpa hai vaha bhI pratIta kA viSaya atharvaveda meM bhI milatI hai bana sakatA hai| tabhI pratyeka mAnava sacce artha meM bhAratIya saMskRti (zramaNa saMskRti) kA anuyAyI "zrameNa lokAMstapasA pipati" hokara zramaNa zabda kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai artha 11-5-4 (sUkti triveNI) (brahamacArI apane zrama evaM tapa se logoM kI "same ya je savvapANa bhUteSu se hu samaNe" athavA vizva kI rakSA karatA hai|) pra. vyA. 2-5 yadi Aja mAnava isa bahuarthI zrama ke siddhAMta jo samasta prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhatA ko jIvana meM sAkAra rUpa de de to samAja evaM hai vastuta: vahI zramaNa hai / : : kaba ve dina dikheMge :: zrI maMgala jaina 'premI' jabalapura pAnI aura dUdha ghaniSTha mitra milakara eka rUpa hote haiM, eka dUsare ke anurUpa hote haiM, agni para tapate samaya(dukhoM ko jhelate samaya) pAnI dUdha ke sAtha... saccI mitratA nibhAtA hai, svayaM vASpIkRta ho ur3atA" para dUdha ko jalane se bacAtA hai, dUdha mitratA kA" bodha karAtA hai. pAnI ko ur3ate dekha, apane se vilaga hote dekha, uphanA uThatA hai, mitra ko rokane pAtura ho uThatA hai, taba pAnI ke caMda chIMTedUdha kA uphAna zAMta karate haiM, jaise mitra, mitra segale milate haiM, taba lagatA hai" kaba dina ve dikheMge? jaba mAnava, mAnava ke mitra baneMge ? 2-32 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17 www.jaineli

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jaina melA 1976 sabhA kI kAryakAriNI ke sadasyoM kI saMgIta kursI pratiyogitA kA eka dRzya mahilAoM kI saMgIta kursI pratiyogitA kA eka dRzya bAlakoM kI jalebI dauDa kA eka dRzya vate & Rersonal use

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DA0 pAThaka una adhyayanazIla ajaina vidvAnoM meM se eka haiM jinhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra para zodha prabandha likhakara pI. eca. DI. kI DigrI prApta kI haiM / apanA yaha zodha prabandha prApane mudrita bhI karA diyA hai| prastuta lekha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra sambandhI kucha mUrtilekhoM kA aura zilAlekhoM paricaya prastuta karate hue aise lekhoM ke ujAgara karane kI AvazyakatA pratipAdita kI hai| vAstava meM jaina mUtilekhoM kA itihAsa kI dRSTi se bahuta bar3A mahatva hai / bhAratIya itihAsa ko kaI vilupta kaDiyAM isase joDI jA sakatI haiM / kheda hai isa mahatvapUrNa kArya kI bhora samAna ne nahIM ke barAbara dhyAna diyA hai| -pra0 sampAdaka. bhagavAna mahAvIra :matilekhoM va zilAlekhoM meM DA0 zobhanAtha pAThaka, meghanagara satya, ahiMsA, asteya, aparigraha prora brahma mathurA ke kaGkAlI TIle kI khudAI meM mahA. carya ke sambala se samAja ko saMvArane vAle 24veM vIra se sambandhita aneka * matiyAM milI haiN| tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI loka vyApakatA mahAvIra ke janma vRttAnta kA vivecana pleTa naM. 15 ko prAMkanA AsAna nahIM hai / bhAratIya jana-jIvana kI mUrti se hotA hai jisa para vizeSa prakAza meM samAviSTa unakI samaSTigata garimA ko kalA- DA. bUhalara ne DAlA hai| isI prakAra vardhakAroM ne apane prAntarika uphAna ke chalakAva ko mAna ke sAdhutva jIvana para prakAza pleTa naM. 17 vividha mUrtilekhoM va zilAlekhoM ke rUpa meM ukera (XVII) se par3atA hai jisameM ve upadeza dete hue kara ujAgara kiyA hai, jisakA saMkSipta vivaraNa vatAye gaye haiN| mUrti meM tIna zrotAoM kA spaSTa yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / prAbhAsa hotA hai / mahAvIra kI hAtha uThAye hue mudrA-gAMbhIrya-satyazIla kI dyotaka mAno pAMcoM mUrtilekhoM meM mahAvIra kI mahattA zatadhA mahAvratoM ko ugala rahI hai| isI mUrti ke sAtha hokara prasphuTita huI hai / atIta ke uthala puthala se arthAt pleTa naM0 17 ke samIpa mahAvIra anya hamArI yaha thAtI asta-vyasta ho gaI, para saja. tIna tIrtha karoM ke sAtha bar3I bArIkI se zAnta gatA ke sAtha khojI gaI kucha upalabdhiyAM advitIya mudrA meM ukere gaye haiN| dillI saMgraha ke kra. 48. haiN| mUti rUpa meM tarAzI gaI mahAvIra kI pratimA 413 kI mahAvIra pratimA bhI anUThI hai| deza ke kone-kone meM yatra-tatra bikharI par3I hai, bhAjapAvazyakatA hai zodha va utkhanana ke AdhAra kaMkAlI TIle se mahAvIra kI eka prati para use ujAgara karane kii| hAM ukta mAdhAra sundara pratimA lagabhaga 53 I. pU. kI milI hai| para kucha upalabdhiyoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa yahAM mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI mahAvIra pratimA kra. 2126 prastuta hai / jo 9 iJca UMcI eka pIThikA para pratiSThita hai, mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-33

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atyadhika zAnta mudrA meM darzakoM ko moha letI hai| pratimA tathA dUsarI pIThikA para dhAtu kI padmAsana isake pAdapITha meM khude hue adhUre lekha meM vartamAna pratimA atyadhika prAkarSaka hai| dakSiNa meM aneka nAma spaSTa hai, kintu samaya nizcita nahIM AkarSaka mahAvIra kI pratimAe prApta huI haiN| huprA hai| damoha madhyapradeza kI mahAvIra pratimA pratya__ mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM unakA pratIka siMha dhika pAkarSaka hai| ma. pra. ke anya bhAgoM meM bhI bhI yaha pahacAna karAtA hai ki yaha mahAvIra pratimA tathA deza ke kone-kone meM mahAvIra kI prAcInatama hI hai kaMkAlI TIle se prApta pleTa kra. LXXXV mUrtiyAM zodha kA viSaya banI huI haiN| ina sabakA kI pratimA binA siMha pratIka ke barabasa hI pAra* samanvita saMgraha taiyAra karAne kI AvazyakatA hai| khiyoM ko asamaMjasa meM DAla detI hai| kaGkAlI kI pleTa kra. LXXXVII kI mUrti jo binA sira kI zilAlekhoM meM mahAvIra hai, isake hAthoM kI bhAva mudrA se spaSTa ho jAtA pASANa zilAoM meM mahAvIra kathA ke aneka hai ki yaha mahAdIra kI mUrti hai| isI prakAra bhAva saMjoye gaye haiN| yahAM pramukha zilAlekhoM para pleTa kra.XC tIna tIrtha karoM kI pratimA meM madhya- prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai| hAthIgumphA ke zilAvAlI siMha pratIka saMjoye mahAvIra mahattA ko lekha isa kSetra meM agragaNya hai / eka zilAlekha meM ujAgara karatI hai| khAravela ke zArIrika saundarya kI tulanA mahAvIra teIsa tIrtha karoM se ghirI huI kaGkAlI TIle ke saundarya se kI gaI hai|" ke pleTa kra. XCIV kI mahAvIra pratimA atyadhika bAr3alI (rAjasthAna) se prApta mahAvIra viSa. sudhara salonI hai| mathurA ke kaGkAlI TIle yaka zilAlekha ati prAcIna hai jise kAzIprasAda se prApta mahAvIra kI aneka padmAsana mUrtiyAM jAyasavAla ne 374I0 pU0 kA mAnA hai| 10 atyadhika AkarSaka haiM / yahAM purAtatva kA paryApta rAjagRha ke maNiyAra maThavAle zilAlekha meM yadyapi bhaNDAra hai| mahAvIra kA ullekha nahIM hai, parantu usakA saMbaMdha bhArata kalA bhavana vArANasI meM saMgrahIta unase avazya hai / mahAvIra kA prathama upadeza vipula kra. 161 kI mUrti jo dhyAna mudrA meM pAsIna hai, parvata para humA thA, jahAM para prApta eka zilAlekha aura pIThikA meM dharmacakra tathA usake donoM prora siMha pUrNa to nahIM hai kintu usakA nimna bhAga vicArahaiM, unake gAMbhIrya bhAva ko ujAgara karatI hai 16 raNIya hai jo isa prakAra hai| ur3IsA se prApta mahAvIra kI, RSabhadeva ke sAtha jA zreNika" isase spaSTa khaDI pratimA prathama va antima tIrtha kara kI garimA hotA hai ki yaha rAjA zreNika kA mahAvIra ke para prakAza DAlatI hai| samavazaraNa meM jAne se sambaddha hai| prAcInakAla meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vItarAga kaGkAlI TIlA mathurA se aneka mahAvIra viSamUrti kA paryApta pracAra thA, yaha tathya yaka zilAlekha prApta hue haiM jisa para unakI stutiyAM hAthI gumphA, khaNDagiri, udayagiri Adi kI mahA- kI gaI haiM / / / prADara (dhAravAr3a) ke kIrtivarmA vIra pratimAnoM se spaSTa hotA hai| kAgalI ji. prathama ke zilAlekha meM mahAvIra ko lakSyakara maMgalAbelArI se prApta mahAvIra kI khaDgAsana (khar3I) caraNa kiyA gayA hai| 2-34 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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dAnasAle ke (1103) I0 cAlukya sAmanta rAjyAdhyakSa zrI subhaTa prAdi ne mahAvIra kI vArSika sAntAradeva taila jo bhagavAna pArzva ke vaMza meM janme pUjA va rathayAtrA ke prasaMga meM utkIrNa karAyA thaa|" the. unake zilAlekha meM mahAvIra va gautama gaNadhara kA ullekha hai / 12 zravaNa velagola ke siddharavastI ke stambha lekha meM mahAvIra kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai yathAH lagabhaga 1209 I0 ke rahavaMza ke rAjA lakSmI vIro vizaSTAMma vinayAyarAtI deva kI rAnI candikAdevI ne, apane prasAdhya roga se miti lokeramivaSTanteyaH / mukti pAne kI kAmanA se, bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirastakammA nikhilArthavedI eka mandira banavAyA tathA usameM mahAvIra kI mUrti pAyAdasoM prazcima tIrtha nAthiH / pratiSThita kara nitya prArAdhanA krtii| mahAvIra tasyAbhavana sadasi vIraH jinasya ke prati asIma zraddhA va bhakti ke pariNAmasvarUpa siddha saptaddhayo gaNadharA............ dhai roga mukta ho gii|13 ye dhAraryAnta zubha darzana bhInamAla meM san 1277 I0 kA eka stambha bodha vRtta mithyAtrayAdapi.. lokha jayakUpa jhIla ke uttarI kinAre para hai, jisameM deza ke kone-kone meM mahAvIra viSayaka aneka mahAvIra ke zrImAla nagara meM pAne kA ullekha hai / 14 mUrti va zilAlekha abhI pratala ke garbha meM ujAgAra isa le rA ko kAyasthoM ke naMgamakula ke vAhikA hone kI bATa joha rahe haiM / 1. "The Jain stupas and other Antiquities of Mathura" (By V. A. Smith. Plate XVIII Page 25-26) 2. vahI pleTa XVII pRSTha 24 3. 'navanIta' mAsika bambaI jUna 1973 pRSTha 78 4. Jain stupa and other Antiquities of Mathura Page. 46 Page 52 6. navanIta mAsika bambaI jUna 1973 pRSTha 78 7. prinsa alvarTa eNDa vikToriyA saMgrahAlaya, laMdana 8. pahiMsA vANI, aprela-maI, 1956 9. i. e. one who like (Prine) Vardbman in his boy hood. JBORS, Vol XIII 1927 P. 224, K.P.J. 10. janala prAMva dI vihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAyaTI bhA. 16 (1930) 11. 'namo arahanto vartamAnama' jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 12. "varddhamAna svAmigala tIrthavatti........pUrva pR. 369-370 13. insaRpsansa ina nArdarna karNATaka pR. 15 14. yaH purAtra mahAsthAne zrImAle susamAgataH / sadeva zrI mahAvIra.............. 15. dI gajeTiyara mApha dI bambaI presIDensI, bhAga 1, khaMDa 1, pRSTha 480 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-15

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eka satya kA dvAra 2-36 - zrI bhavAnIzaMkara, jabalapura eka dRSTi hai jisameM dRzya sabhI calate haiM. eka hRdaya hai jisameM sukha-dukha saba palate haiM. eka prAinA hai jisameM hara bimba ubharatA. eka bindu hai jisameM sindhu sabhI Dhalate haiM. eka lahara hai jisameM duniyA laharAI hai. eka sataha hai jisameM asIma gaharAI hai. eka bUMda hai jo hara pyAsa bujhA detI hai. eka kiraNa hai jo sAre tama para chAI hai. eka satya kA dvAra yugoM se khulA huA hai. eka prAraNa sabakI sA~soM meM ghulA huA hai. lekina hama saba bhUla gae haiM usa dIpaka ko jo ki hamAre hI kamare meM jalA huA hai. hama atRptiyoM ko jIte haiM jIvana-jala meM. hama DUbe rahate haiM Ane vAle kala meM. kAgaja ke phUloM kA hai vizvAsa hamArA. hama sukha kI sugandha anubhava karate haiM chala meM. mRgamarIcikAoM meM zAnti nahIM milatI hai. vizvAsoM kI umra yahAM tila-tila jalatI haiaMdhakAra ke pAra dvAra kholo prakAza kA subaha jahAM vistAra divasa kA le calatI hai| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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khAravela kA hAthI gumphA vAlA lekha jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se hI nahIM bhAratIya itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI bar3A mahatvapUrNa / yaha aba taka prApta zilAlekhoM meM prAcInatama hai| vidvAnoM ko isake ThIka-ThIka par3hane meM hoM sau varSa kA dIrgha kAla lagA / dhanya haiM ve loga jinhoMne itanA zrama sAdhya kArya sampanna kiyA / usI mahatvapUrNa lekha kI saMskRta chAyA aura hindI anuvAda bhI nIraja zraura DaoN. agravAla ne mila kara bar3e parizrama se taiyAra kiyA jise pAThaka smArikA ke gartAAMka meM par3ha cuke haiN| usI kar3I meM yaha nibandha hai / vidvAn lekhakoM ne kar3e parizrama dvArA kaI puSTa pramANoM se khAravela kA rAjyArohaNa kAla IsA pUrva prathama zatI ke antima caraNa meM 20 IsA pUrva ke AsapAsa sunizcita kiyA hai| pra. sampAdaka khAravela kI tithi * zrI nIraja jaina, ema. e., tathA DaoN. kanhaiyAlAla agravAla, satanA do hajAra varSa prAcIna hAthIgumphA prabhilekha khaNDagiri udayagiri parvata ke dakSiNa kI zrora lAla baluve patthara kI eka caur3I prAkRtika guhA meM utkIrNa hai / isameM satraha paMktiyAM haiN| yaha prabhilekha pahalI bAra sTaliMga dvArA 1820 I0 meM prakAza meM AyA / taba se 1927 I0 taka isake saMzodhita pATha samaya-samaya para prakAzita hote rahe / isa prakAra purAtattvavettAoM ko vivecya prabhilekha par3hane aura samajhane meM lagabhaga eka zatI ( 1820 I0 se 1927 I0) kA dIrghakAla lagA / isa abhilekha meM kaliMga cakravartI jaina samrATa khAravela ke vyaktitva aura zAsanakAla kI ghaTanAoM kA vistRta paricaya diyA gayA hai / isakI eka pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM khAravela ke zAsana ke prativarSa kI ghaTanAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jisakA varNana hama mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, 1975 meM prakAzita apane 'hAthIgumphA abhilekha kI viSayavastu' zIrSaka lekha meM kara cuke haiN| lekha zRMkhalA kI dUsarI kizta mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 196 meM 'khAravela kA hAthIgumphA prabhilekha' zIrSaka se prakAzita huI thI / isa lekha meM zilAlekha kA mUlapATha saMskRtacchAyA aura hindI anuvAda diyA gayA thA / usI krama meM yaha tIsarA zodha lekha prastuta hai jisameM khAravela kI rAjyArohaNa tithi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa kI sampUrNa samasyAoMoM meM zAsakoM kI tithiyAM atyanta vivAdAspada haiM / isakA mukhya kAraNa sAhityika yA purAtAttvika sAmagrI meM saMvat Adi kA ullekha na honA hI hai / anirNIta tithiyoM kI isI zrRMkhalA meM khAravela kI tithi bhI hai| hAthIgumphA abhilekha se khAravela ke jIvanacarita para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai / abhilekha usake jIvana kI prativarSa kI mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-37

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ghaTanAoM kA to varNana karatA hai kintu usakI rAjyArohaNa tithi ke sambandha meM vaha mauna hai / to bhI, parokSarUpa se abhilekha meM kucha aise sandarbha upalabdha haiM jinake AdhAra para hama kisI niSkarSa taka pahuMca sakate haiM / ukta sandarbhoM ke pATha prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kara liye haiM ataH unheM prasaMdigdha kahA jA sakatA hai / ye nimnAMkita haiM 1 1. cauthI pakti meM 'sAtakariNa' kA ullekha hai ki 'usakI kucha cintA na karate hue usane pazcima dizA kI ora zrAkramaNa karane ke liye azva, gaja, paidala aura rathavAlI eka vizAla senA bhejI / ' --- 2. bArahavIM paMkti meM kahA gayA hai ki 'magadharAja vRhaspatimitra se caraNavandanA karAyI / nandarAja dvArA le jAyI gayI kaliMga-jina ( kI pratimA) ko sthApita kiyA / ' 3. paMkti cha: meM varNana milatA hai ki pAMcaveM varSa meM nandarAja dvArA 300 varSoM (ti-vasasata) pUrva banavAyI gayI tRraNasUrya mArgIyA praNAlI ko nagara (rAjadhAnI) taka lAyA / ' uparivariNata 'sAtakariNa' 'vahasatimita' maura 'nandarAja' meM se kisI eka kI bhI pahacAna khAravela kI tithi nizcita karane meM sahAyaka ho sakatI hai / zrataH aba hama una para vicAra kareMge sAtakaraNa : hAthIgumphA abhilekha meM ullikhita sAtakaraNa kA abhijJAna Andhra sAtavAhana vaMza ke tIsare zAsaka sAtakariNa prathama se kiyA gayA hai / isa sAtakariNa ke sambandha meM nimnAMkita tathya vicAraNIya hai : 1. vaha nAganikA ke nAnAghATa abhilekha meM ullikhita simuka kA putra yA bhatIjA aura dakkhana kA rAjA thA jise lekha meM 'dakSiNApathapati' kahA gayA hai / 2. vaha pazcima kA rAjA thA aura usakI rakSA kaliMga nareza khAravela ne kI thI / 3. vahI sA~cA abhilekha kA rAjA sAtakariMga thA / 2 4. periplasa meM usakA ullekha huA hai / 5. vaha bhAratIya sAhitya meM varNita pratiSThAna kA rAjA aura zaktikumAra kA pitA thA / 6. vaha mudrAoM kA 'siri-sAta' hai / uparivati tathyoM meM se tIsare tathya ke sambandha meM mArzala kA kathana hai ki nAnAghATa zrIra hAthIgumphA abhilekhoM meM ullikhita sAtakaraNa I0 pU0 dUsarI zatI meM huA / usa samaya sAMcI para zugoM kA zrAdhipatya thA / zrataH sAMcI para zuMgoM kA svAmitva sambhava nahIM pratIta hotA / kintu hAthIgumphA abhilekha I0 pU0 pahalI zatI kA hai, taba taka zugoM kA patana ho cukA thA aura kaNva vaMza vahAM zAsana kara rahA thA / isI vaMza kA antima zAsaka suzarmA sAtavAhana vaMza ke pahale zAsaka simuka dvArA apadastha kara diyA gyaa| simuka ke bAda usakA bhAI kRSNa gaddI para baiThA | M usI kA uttarAdhikArI thA / agara prastuta sAtakariMga kA samaya yA siMhAsanArohaNa tithi jJAta kI jA sake to khAravela kI tithi kI samasyA hala ho sakatI hai| paurANika sAkSya se vidita hotA hai ki 30 rAjAnoM ne mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-38

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460 varSoM taka zAsana kiyA aura sAtavAhana sattA kA patana 225 I0 ke lagabhaga huaa| prataH (460-225)=235 I0 pU0 meM sAtavAhana zakti kA abhyudaya huprA aura isI samaya unakA pahalA zAsaka simuka gaddI para baiThA / ataH 235 I0 pU0 meM prathama do zAsakoM kA zAsanakAla (23 + 18) ghaTAne para 194 I0 pU0 kI tithi zeSa bacatI hai| isI samaya sAtakaNi prathama sattA meM paayaa| kintu isa tithi para gambhIra ApattiyAM vyakta kI gayI haiN| pahalI, sAtavAhana vaMza ke sampUrNa zAsakoM pora unakI zAsanAvadhi ke sambandha meM sabhI purANa ekamata nahIM haiM / udAharaNArtha matsyapurANa meM 19 rAjAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai kintu usameM tIsa nAma ginAye gaye haiN| isI prakAra anya purANoM kI pANDulipiyoM meM yaha saMkhyA 28 se 31 taka batAyI gayI hai| vAyu, brahmANDa, bhAgavata aura viSNu sabhI 30 zAsaka batAte haiM, lekina 30 nAmoM kA varNana nahIM karate / vAyu 17, 18 yA 19; brahmANDa 17, bhAgavata 23 aura viSNu 22 yA 24 aura 23 zAsakoM kA ullekha karate haiN| prAra0 jI0 bhaNDArakara kA mata hai ki lambI sUcI meM aise rAjakumAroM kA bhI nAma sammilita kara liyA gayA hai jinhoMne kabhI zAsana nahIM kiyA yA agara zAsana kiyA bhI to prAntIya zAsakoM ke rUpa meM / isaliye DA0 hemacandra rAyacaudharI kA kathana hai ki yadi sAtavAhana vaMza meM kevala 19 zAsaka hI hue the tathA unakA zAsanakAla kevala 300 varSoM taka hI calA thA to yaha svIkAra kara lene meM koI prApatti nahIM honA cAhiye ki simuka antima kaNva rAjAoM ke samaya, yA IsA pUrva pahalI zatI meM hupA thaa| yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki sighuka kA zAsana tIsarI zatI I0 taka uttarI dakkhana se samApta ho cukA thaa| dUsare, paurANika kAlakramAnusAra zugavaMza kA zAsana candragupta maurya ke rAjyAbhiSeka 322 I0 pU0 ke 137 varSa bAda prArambha huA / isa vaMza ne 112 varSa zAsana kiyA / antima zuga zAsaka apane amAtya dvArA apadastha kara diyA gayA / isa prakAra kaNva vaMza prArambha huA jisane 45 varSa zAsana kiyA / antima kaNva zAsaka suzarmA sAtavAhana simuka dvArA zAsana cyuta kara diyA gayA / isa prakAra (322 - (137+ 112+45)=28 I0 pU0) meM simuka zAsana kara rahA thA / yadi yaha svIkAra kiyA jAya ki simuka kA rAjyakAla 28-27 I0 pU0 meM samApta ho gayA to simuka ke uttarAdhikArI ke 10 varSa ke zAsana ke bAda sAtakariNa prathama 17 I0 pU0 meM siMhAsana para baiThA / cUki khAravela ne dUsare zAsana varSa meM sAtakaNi para prAkramaNa kiyA thA prataH usakI rAjyArohaNa tithi 20-19 I0 pU0 huI jise hama 20 I0 pU0 mAna sakate haiM / vahasatimita: abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki bArahaveM varSa khAravela ne magadharAja vahasa timita (vRhaspati'mitra) se caraNa vandanA karAyI / I0 san ke pUrva aura pazcAt kI zatiyoM meM nimnAMkita vRhasatimita nAmadhArI rAjAnoM ne zAsana kiyA : 1. morA abhilekha' (mathurA) meM vRhaspatimitra kI putrI yazamitA dvArA eka mandira nirmANa kA ullekha hai| 2. pamosA abhilekha (ilAhAbAda) meM prASAr3hasena ko vahasatimita kA mAtula batAyA gayA hai / yaha abhilekha uDAka ke dasa zAsanavarSa kA hai / 3. kauzAmbI se prApta mudrAoM para do bhinna vRhaspatimitroM ke nAma milate haiM / inameM se mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-39

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eka kA sikkA dUsare ke dvArA punarmudrita kiyA gayA hai / " 4. lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita vRhaspatimitra ke sikke ko pAMcAla sikkoM kI zreNI batAyA gayA hai 110 5 divyAvadAna 11 kI eka anuzra uti meM vRhaspatimitra ko prazoka ke pautra samprati ke uttarAdhikAriyoM meM se eka kahA gayA hai| 6. vRhaspatimitra eka navamitra rAjavaMza kA rAjA thA jisane kaNvoM ke bAda zAsana kiyA 132 4 DA0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla ke anusAra khAravela kI rAjyArohaNa tithi 182 I0 pU0 hai / DA0 jAyasavAla kA yaha mata mUlataH puSyamitra kI vRhaspatimitra ke sAtha kI gayI pahacAna para prAdhArita hai / unake anusAra vRhaspati nakSatra kA adhipati puSya (tiSya bhI ) hai / prata: vahasatimita puSyamitra kA paryAyavAcI hai / 13 DA0 ramezacandra majUmadAra kA kathana hai ki hAthIgumphA abhilekha maiM ullikhita bahasatimitama yA bahupatimitama ko yadi zuddha pATha mAna liyA jAya to puSyamitra ko vRhaspatimitra yA vRhaspati kahA jA sakatA, kintu paryApta prAmANika sAmagrI ke abhAva meM ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isa sandarbha meM yaha tathya bhI ullekhanIya hai ki divyAvadAna 16 meM vRhaspati yA puSyamitra ko alaga-alaga batAyA gayA hai aura puSyamitra ke virodhI khAravela kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha meM sthita batAyI gayI hai 127 6 morA aura posA abhilekhoM ke vRhaspatimitroM ko eka mAnakara yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai aura unakA tAdAtmya mudrAoM ke vRhaspatimitroM se sthApita kiyA gayA hai| elana 18 ne isa sandarbha meM gambhIra prApatti karate hue ise asambhava batAyA hai / prAyaH sabhI vidvAn isa tathya se sahamata haiM ki vRhaspatimitra eka navamitra rAjavaMza kA zAsaka thA / isa sandarbha meM DA0 rAya caudharI kA kathana hai ki "I0 san ke prArambha hone ke pUrva kI zatAbdI meM saMbhavataH magadha tathA samIpavartI bhUbhAgoM para mitravaMzoM kA zAsana thaa| jaina granthoM meM balamitra aura bhAnumitra rAjAnoM kA puSyamitra kA uttarAdhikArI kahA gayA hai| isase mitravaMza ke zAsana kA astitva pramANita hotA hai / DA0 barUnA ne mitra rAjAnoM kI eka sUcI taiyAra kI hai| isa sUcI meM vRhaspatimitra, indrAgnimitra, brahmamitra, vRhaspatimitra, viSNumitra, varUNamitra, dharmamitra tathA gomitra rAjAoM ke nAma milate haiM / inameM se indrAgnimitra, brahmamitra tathA vRhaspatimitra nizcitarUpa se magadha ke rAjya se sambandhita the / zeSa kauzAmbI paura mathurA se sambandhita the / kintu isase yaha patA nahIM calatA ki ye mitravaMzI rAjA lApasa meM yA kaNva tathA zuMga vaMzoM se kisa rUpa meM sambandhita the / "19 DA0 barUyA 20 uparyukta mata kA samarthana karate hue kahate hai ki I0 pU0 pahalI zatI ke madhya meM kaNva zAsana kI samApti ke bAda magadha meM navamitra vaMza ne rAjya kiyA / isa vaMza ke indrAgnimitra aura brahmamitra khAravela ke sama kAlIna vRhaspatimitra ke pUrvAdhikArI the / agara ise ThIka mAnA jAye to khAravela kI tithi pahalI zatI I0 pU0 ke antima caraNa (20 I0 pU0 ) meM mAnI jA sakatI hai / pavanarAja Dimita : abhilekha kI prAThavIM paMkti meM ' yavanarAja Dimita' pATha kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai| yahAM para kahA gayA hai ki khAravela ke rAjagRha para prAkramaraNa karane ke samAcAra ko sunakara bhayavaza yUnAnI mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 4-40

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rAjA Dimita apanI senA tathA vAhana chor3a kara mathurA bhAgane ko vivaza huprA / DA0 jAyasavAla isa yavanarAja Dimita kA tAdAtmya hinda-yUnAnI zAsaka yUthoDemasa ke putra DemeTriyasa se sthApita karate haiN| DA0 banarjI22 aura DA0 kono23 upayukta pATha aura abhijJAna se sahamata hai| to bhI, DA0 kono sandeha vyakta karate hue kahate haiM ki 'yavana rAja' ke bAda kevala 'ma' prakSara hI spaSTa hai / ataH 'Dimita' pATha anumAna ke prAdhAra para hI pUrA kiyA jA sakatA hai| DA0 TArna-4 kA bhI aisA hI mata hai| aneka vidvAna jinameM DA0 barU prA25, rAyacaudharI26 aura sarakAra pramukha haiM, kA mata hai ki abhilekha meM 'Dimita' kA ullekha nahIM hai / DA. nArAyaNa 28 kA mata hai ki agara hama 'yavanarAja Dimita' pATha ko svIkAra bhI kara lete haiM, to bhI, hama yUthI Demasa ke putra DemeTriyasa ko pahalI zatI I0 pU0 ke uttarArddha meM nahIM rakha sakate / ataH khAravela kI rAjyArohaNa tithi nizcita karane meM 'yavanarAja Di mita' pATha se hameM koI sahAyatA nahIM miltii| ti-vasa-sata: __ abhilekha kI cauthI paMkti meM 'ti-vasa-sata' pada milatA hai / isa pada kA anuvAda nimnaprakAra se kiyA gayA hai 1. bhagavAnalAla indrajI29 isa pada kA anuvAda 'usane nandarAja ke trivarSIya satra kA udghATana kiyA' karate hai| unakI yaha avadhAraNA sabhI vidvAnoM dvArA asvIkAra kara dI gayI hai / 2. pro0 luDarsa30 kA mata hai ki 'vaha nandarAja dvArA 103 varSa pUrva banavAyI nahara nagara me laayaa|' 3. jAyasavAla maura banarjI31 kA kathana hai ki 'vaha nandarAja dvArA 300 varSa pUrva banavAyI nahara rAjadhAnI taka lAyA' kAlAntara meM unhoMne prabhilekha ke pATha aura anuvAda meM saMzodhana kiyA aura taba ukta pada kA anuvAda 300 varSa ke sthAna para 103 varSa svIkAra kara liyaa| DA0 jAyasavAla upayukta avataraNa ke varSa ko nanda saMvat meM prakita mAnate haiN| pralaberUnI ne isa saMvat kA ullekha kiyA hai| pAjiTara candragupta maurya kA rAjyAbhiSeka 322 I0 pU0 meM mAnate hue aura naMdavaMza kI samasta zAsanAvadhi 80 varSa usa meM jor3akara 402 I0 pU0 meM pahale nanda zAsaka kA rAjyArohaNa svIkAra karate haiM / unake anusAra nanda zAsaka dvArA kaliMga meM (402 - 103) = 299 I0 pU0 meM nahara banavAyI gyii| kintu yaha asaMbhava pratIta hotA hai / agara paurANika sAkSya ko mAnakara nandoM kI zAsanAvadhi 100 varSa bhI svIkAra kara lI jAye taba (322 + 100 - 103)= 319 I0 pU0 nahara kA nirmANa varSa nirdhArita hotA hai| lekina isa tithi ke pUrva hI candragupta maurya magadha kA zAsaka bana cukA thA, prata. upayukta tithi prAcIna bhAratIya zAsakoM ke mAnya kAlakrama ke viparIta hone se svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktii| rAkhAladAsa banarjI kA mata hai ki nahara kA nirmANa khAravela ke pAMcave zAsanavarSa ke 103 varSa pUrva nandavaMza ke prathama zAsaka ke rAjyakAla meM huprA / DA0 jAyasavAla se sahamati prakaTa karate hue ve kahate haiM ki nanda saMvat =458 I0 pU0 meM prArambha humA / ataH nahara kA nirmANa (458 - 102)= 355 I0 pU0 meM karAyA gyaa| yaha tithi candragupta maurya ke rAjyArohaNa ke 33 varSa pUrva kI hone ke kAraNa samIcIna ho sakatI hai| kintu isa mata kI sabase bar3I kamI yaha hai ki mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-41

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banarjI mahodaya ne 103 varSa kA samaya khAravela aura nandarAja ke rAjyakAloM kA antarAla na mAnakara eka pUrva pracalita saMvat kA varSa mAna liyA hai| isa samaya isa prakAra ke kisI saMvat ke prayoga kI puSTi kisI srota se nahIM hotii| azoka ke samAna hI khAravela zAsanavarSa kA hI ullekha karatA hai, kisI saMvat varSa kA nahIM / ataH banarjI kA kathana svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| hA0 rAyacaudharI32 kA mata hai ki 'ti-vasa-sata' kI vyAkhyA paurANika kAlakramAnusAra sahI pratIta hotI hai / mauryoM ne 137 varSa zaMgoM ne 112 varSa aura kaNvoM ne 45 varSa zAsana kiyA / isa prakAra kula avadhi 294 varSa huI jise 300 varSa mAnA jA sakatA hai / agara pada kA artha 103 varSa kiyA jAye to khAravela kA rAjyArohaNa nandarAja ke (103 - 5) = 98 varSa bAda yA 322 -98 = 224 I0 pU0 meM huA / kintu isa samaya kaliMga para mauryoM kA zAsana thaa| isaliye ti-vasa-sata kA artha 103 ke sthAna para 300 varSa karanA ucita hai / DA0 sarakAra33 kA aisA hI mata hai / DA0 jAyasavAla ne bhI isa vyAkhyA ko svIkAra kiyA thA, lekina unhoMne khAravela ko puSyamitra zuga kA samakAlIna siddha karane ke liye nandarAja kA abhijJAna zaizunAga nareza nandivarddhana se kiyA thA / isa nandivaddhana ke rAjya meM kaliMga sammilita nahIM thaa| purANoM se jJAta hotA hai ki mahApadmananda hI pahalA zAsaka thA jisane kaliMga para vijaya prApta kii| usane (322 + 12)= 334 I0 pU0 taka zAsana kiyaa| prataH (334-300)=34 I0 pU0 khAravela kI rAjyArohaNa tidhi huI / cUMki isake pUrva hama khAravela kI tithi 20 I0 pU0 mAna cuke haiM, ataH yahAM bhI hama usI tithi ko svIkAra karate haiN| isa tithi ke AdhAra para khAravela kA kAlakrama nimna prakAra hogA -- janma - 44 I0 pU0 (24+16+ 8) yuvarAja- 28 I0 pU0 (20+ 8) rAjyAbhiSeka-- 20 I0 pU0 vAhya sAkSya khAravela kI tithi nizcata karane ke sambandha meM kucha vAhya pramANa bhI upalabdha haiN| ye nimnAMkita haiM-- prabhilekha kI lipi: vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki hAthIgumphA abhilekha kI lipi saMbhavata nAnAghATa abhilekha aura heliyoDorasa ke besanagara garur3a stambhalekha ko paravartI hai 184 brAhmI lipi ke vikAsa ke jo sAta caraNa batAye gaye haiM unameM se pAMcaveM caraNa kA pratinidhitva besanagara garur3a stambhalekha, nAganikA ke nAnAghATa abhilekha aura dhanabhUti ke bharahuta abhilekha se hotA hai / chaThaveM caraNa kA pratinidhitva hAthIgumphA abhilekha karatA hai / 35 rAkhAladAsa banarjI36 kA mata hai ki nAnAghATa abhilekha kI lipi kSatrapa pora prAdya kuSANa zAsakoM kI lipi se milatI hai / repsana37 kA kathana hai ki nAnAghATa abhilekha kA 'da' makSara eka mudrAlekha ke 'da' akSara ke samAna hai / isa mudrA kA samaya dvitIya yA pahalI zatI I0 pU0 hai / buhalara38 kA bhI mata hai ki nAnAghATa abhilekha gautamIputra sAtakaNi praura usake putra pulubhAvI ke 100 varSa pahale kA pratIta hotA hai / ena0 jI0 majamadAra abhilekha kI lipi kA samaya 100-75 I0 pU0 nirdhArita karate haiN| gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda praujhA40 kA kathana hai ki hAthIgumphA abhilekha meM akSaroM ke sira 2-42 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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banAne kA yatna kiyA gayA hai, parantu ve vartamAna nAgarI akSaroM ke siroM jaise lambe nahIM apitu choTe haiM / ye sire pahale pahala isI lekha meM milate haiM / 'bhi' aura 'liM' meM prayukta 'i' kI mAtrA bharahuta lekha ke sadRza hai aura 'bI' meM 'I' kI mAtrA ke dAhinI mora kI khar3I lakIra ko bhI vaisA hI rUpa diyA gayA hai| 'le' meM la ke agrabhAga ko dAhinI mora nIce jhukAyA gayA hai aura 'go' meM 'po' kI mAtrA nAnAghATa prabhilekha ke 'go' kI mAtrA kI taraha vyaJjana ke Upara use sparza kiye binA hI gADI lakIra ke rUpa meM banAyI gayI hai / pahale lipi ke AdhAra para nAnAghATa abhilekha kA samaya dvitIya zatI I0 pU0 nirdhArita kiyA gayA thA / aba vidvAnoM ne yaha svIkAra kara liyA hai ki isa lekha kI tithi bAda kI hai / 41 DA0 sarakAra kA mata hai ki hAthIgumphA ke va, ma, pa, ha bhora ya prakSaroM ke koNIya svarUpa aura sIve prAdhAra se isa prabhilekha kA samaya prathama zatI I0 pU0 kA antima caraNa pratIta hotA hai| abhilekha ko lekhana paddhati aura bhASA zailI : rAjanItika dRSTi se prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM meM prazastiparaka lekha pratyanta mahatvapUrNa hai / isameM rAjA kA nAma, vaMzAvalI, prArambhika jIvana, vijaya, zAsanaprabandha aura usake vyaktigata guNoM kA varNana hotA hai / inheM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-- zuddha prazasti aura mizrita prazasti / zuddha prazasti kA pahalA udAharaNa khAravela kA hAthIgumphA abhilekha aura mizrita prazasti kA rUdradAmA kA giranAra prastara prabhilekha (150 I0) hai / khAravela se pUrva ke aneka zAsakoM ke abhilekha prApta hue haiM / yadyapi azoka ke abhilekhoM meM prazasti ke sabhI mahattvapUrNa tatva vidyamAna haiM tathApi unameM uddezya, zailI aura sajIvatA kA prabhAva hai / mauryoM ke bAda zugoM kA zAsana prArambha humA / unake zAsanakAla kA koI bhI prazasti abhilekha upalabdha nahIM hai / khAravela ke bAda rUdradAmA kA hI abhilekha prApta huA hai jo mizrita prazasti prakAra kA hai / agara yaha mAnA jAya ki zuddha prazasti ke vikAsa meM 100 barSa aura phira mizrita prazasti ke liye 50 varSa lage to yaha kula samaya 150 varSa kA ho jAtA hai / ata: zuddha prazasti ke vikAsa kA samaya bhI pahalI zatI I0 pU0 kA antima caraNa nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| sampUrNa prabhilekha apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA meM hai jisameM ardhamAgadhI aura jaina granthoM meM prayukta prAkRta kA puTa hai / DA0 barUpA kA kathana hai ki prastuta abhilekha na to pAli tripiTaka zailI kA hai aura na hI prAdya jaina Agama, veda, brAhmaNa, prAcInatara upaniSada, kalpasUtra, niyukta aura prAtisAravya kA / jahA~ taka isakI gadyazailI kA sambandha hai vaha bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa ke mIla kA patthara hai / abhilekha kI racanA meM proja guNa se yukta kAvya zailI kA vikAsa parilakSita hotA hai jisase isake paravartI hone kI puSTi hotI hai 144 udayagiri-khaNDagiri kA kalA aura sthApatya : khAravela kI tithi nizcita karane meM usake zAsanakAla meM nirmita kalA tathA sthApatya ke namUnoM se kucha sahAyatA mila sakatI hai / udayagiri-khaNDagiri kI guhAmoM kI tithi nirdhAraNa karate hue sara jAna mArzala45 hAthIgumphA ko sabhI guphAmoM meM prAcInatama mAnate haiM / yaha prasamAna prAkAra kI eka prAkRtika gaphA hai, jisakI pAva bhittiyoM ko chenI se akora kara saMvArA gayA hai| itanI mahattvahIna guphA ke zIrSa para hI khAravela ke abhilekha kI vidyamAnatA se anumAna hotA hai ki guphA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-43

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kA nirmANa svayaM samrATa dvArA karAyA gayA thaa| tithikrama ke anusAra dUsarI guphA maMcApurI hai / yaha do maMjilI hai / nicalI maMjila meM stambhayukta barAmadA aura usake pIche koThariyo banI haiN| isI guphA kI UparI maMjila meM khAravela kI rAnI kA lekha hai aura nicalI maMjila meM vakradeva aura vaDukha ke lekha maMkita haiM / isase anumAna hotA hai ki UparI maMjila pahale banAyI gayI thii| ina donoM guhAmoM kI kalA meM bharahuta, bodhigayA aura sAMcI kI kalA kA vikasita rUpa pratibimbita hotA hai / 46 pro0 ghoSa" kA mata hai ki bharahuta stUpa ke toraNadvAra para utkIrNa abhilekha puSyamitra zuga ke samaya se eka zatI bAda kA yA I0 pU0 pahalI zatI ke antima caraNa kA hai| ataH khAravela kI tithi bhI isI samaya rakhI jA sakatI hai| zizupAlagar3ha utkhanana : udaya giri-khaNDagiri se 10 kilomITara dakSiNa-pUrva meM zizapAlagar3ha ko adhikAMza vidvAna khAravela kI rAjadhAnI kaliMganagara mAnate haiN|48 hAthIgumphA abhilekha se isa tathya para koI prakAza nahIM par3atA ki kaliMganagara ukta pahAr3iyoM se kitanI dUrI para sthita thA / ina pahAr3iyoM para bhikSumo ke nivAsa ke liye guhAeM banAne kA prayojana yaha pratIta hotA hai ki unakI nirjana aura ekAnta pRSThabhUmi sAdhu jIvana ke liye upayukta vAtAvaraNa pradAna karatI thii| sAtha hI yaha kaliMga rAjadhAnI se adhika dUra na thI jisase munigaNa vahA~ suvidhApUrvaka dharmapracAra aura AhAra Adi ke liye jA sakate the aura unake bhaktagaNa muniyoM ke prati apanI bhakti jatAne hetu isa pavitra sAdhanAsthala taka suvidhApUrvaka pA sakate the| isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kaliMganagara kA zizupAlagar3ha se kiyA gayA abhijJAna samIcIna pratIta hotA hai| prabhilekha kI tIsarI paMkti meM kahA gayA hai ki khAravela ne "prathama zAsanavarSa meM, tUphAna se gire hue (rAjadhAnI ke) gopura aura prAkAra nivAsa kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa|" zizupAlagar3ha ke matirikta aura koI prAkAra yukta nagara khaNDagiri udayagiri ke samIpa nahIM milA / zizupAlagar3ha utkhanana se jJAta hotA hai ki yahAM para tIsarI dUsarI zatI I0 pU0 meM nagara rakSA ke liye eka dRr3ha dIvAra kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| yaha dIvAra cAra caraNa meM pUrNa huI thii| isameM se tIsare caraNa meM nirmita dIvAra 3 se 4 phITa taka moTI hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki isa bAra isakI sudRr3hatA para vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA thaa| yaha caraNa pahalI zatI I. ke madhya kA pratIta hotA hai| dIvAra kA tRtIya caraNa khAravela ke prathama zAsanavarSa meM pUrNa huA hogA / ataH isase bhI khAravela kA rAjyArohaNa kAla prathama zatI I0 pU0 kA antima caraNa samarthita hotA hai / isa prakAra khAravela kI tithi se sambandhita antaraMga aura vAhya sAkSyoM para vicAra karake hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki khAravela kA rAjyArohaNa I0 pU0 prathama zatI ke antimacaraNa meM 20 I0 pU0 ke prAsapAsa hI huaa| 1. prA0 bhA0 rA0 i0, pR0 365-68 2. e gAiDa Tu sAMcI, pR. 13 3. DA0 ka0 e0, pR0 37 4. bahI, pR0 36 2.44 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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5. 6... 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 28. 29. 30. prA0 bhA0 rA0 i0, pR0 357 para uddhRta prA0 bhA0 rA0 i0, pR0 358 bogala, ja0 rA0 e0 so0, 1912, pR0 120 1 e0 iM0, khaNDa 2, pR0 241 de0 elana, ke0 kvA0 0 i, pR0 XCVI aura 150; ja0 nyU0 so0 I0 khaNDa 4, go 143 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. ekTA oriyaNTaliyA khaNDa 1, pR0 27 24. po0 bai0 i0 pariziSTa 5, pR0 458 25. pro0 brA0 iM0, pR0 17-18 26. e0 I0 pU0 pR0 208 1 27. po0 hi0 e0 i o 31. ke0 kva0 0 i. pR0 CXVII; smitha, ke0 vA0 I0 myu0, khaNDa 1, elana, To 185 pR0 433; ja0 bi0 u0ri0 so0, khaNDa 2, pR0 96; vahI, khaNDa 3, pR0 480; pro0 brA0 I0, pR0 273 poliTikala hisTrI, pR0 352-53 ja0 bi0 u0ri0 so0, khaNDa 3, pR0 236 - 45; sAMkhyAyana gRhyasUtra 1.26.6 i0 e0, 1919, pR0 189; de0 elana, ke0 kvA0 eN0 iM0, pR0 XCVIII i. hi0 kvA0, 1929, pR0 594 tathA prAge pR0 433-34 iM0 hi0 kvA0, 1930, pR0 23 ke0 kvA0 eN iM0 pR0 XCVII-VIII 0 prA0 bhA0 rA0 i0, pR0 352-53 gyaa| aiNDa buddhagayA khaNDa 2, pR0 74 tathA zrAge 0 bi0 u0ri0 so0, khaNDa 6, pR0 5; vahI khaNDa 13, pR0 228 vahI TippaNI 1; e0 I0, khaNDa 20, pR0 76, 84 prI0 bai0 iM0, pR0 43 iM0 zro0 kAM0 pro0, ( lAiDana), 1884, pR0 135 To 420 e0 60, khaNDa 10, kra N0, 1345, pR0 161 ja0 bi0 u0ri0 so0, khaNDa 3, pR0 425 tathA prAge; e0 I0 khaNDa 20, pR0 11 tathA bhAge mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-45

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38. 32. prA0 bhA0 rA0 i0, pR. 201 33. e. I0 yU0, pR0 216 34. sarakAra, se0 I0, khaNDa 1, pR0 213-14, TippaNI / ___ me0 prA0 sa. baM0, khaNDa 1, pR0 10-15; i0 hi0 kvA0, 1929, pR0 601 tathA mAge 36. me0 prA0 sa0 baM0, khaNDa 11, bhAga 3, pR0 145 37. ke0 prA0 kvA0, pR0 LXXVII prA0 sa0 ve0 i0, saNDa 5, pR0 65 39. mAnUmeNTasa prAva sAMcI khaNDa / , pR0 277 40. prAcIna lipimAlA, pR0 52 41. prA0 bhA0 rA0 i0, pR0 354-55; candA, me0 prA0 sa0 I0, ka0 1 se0 I0. khaNDa 1 pR0 213, Ti0 1 43. pro0 bA0 I0 pR0 172 44. se0 i0 khaNDa ), pR0 214 TippaNI 45. ke0 hi0 I0, khaNDa 1, pR0 638-42 46. pro0 prA0 I0, pR. 307 tathA prAge 47. pro0 i0 hi0 kAM0 1943, pR. 109-16 aizyaMTa iNDiyA, khaNDa 5, pR0 66 tathA mAge 49. vahI, pR0 74 48. -2-46 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 11

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__ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya vaidika vidvAn bolacAla tathA prantha racanA meM saMskRta kA prAzraya lete the jisase ki jana sAdhAraNa dharma kA marma na samajha sakeM aura janatA ke karmakANDa prAdi meM purohitoM kA ekAdhipatya kAyama rhe| bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ne isa ekAdhikAra ko samApta karane aura janatA taka dharma kA rahasya samajhAne ke lie usa samaya ke janasAdhAraNa meM pracalita bolacAla kI bhASA prAkRta kA sahArA liyA / dharmagraMtha bhI isI bhASA meM likhe gae / Aja kI hindI tathA anya bhASAoM meM pracalita bahuta se zabdoM kA prAdi srota prAkRta meM prApta hotA hai / hindI ke vikAsa krama ko bhale prakAra hRdayaMgama karane ke lie prAkRta bhASA kA adhyayana pratyanta Avazyaka hai| -pra0 sampAdaka bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddha kI paramparA meM jana-bhASAoM kA vikAsa * DA. prema sumana jaina, udayapura IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM mAnava ne vibhinna cAhate the| praguttara nikAya ke tika-nipAta ke kSetroM meM prAtma-nirbharatA aura svatantratA prApta kI eka sutta meM unhoMne kahA bhI hai ki tathAgata dvArA thii| lokatantra ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha usa samaya upadiSTa dharma khulA humA ( bhASA Adi ke bandhana dharma aura bhASA kA kSetra bhI vyApaka huaA thaa| se rahita) hI camakatA hai, DhaMkA humA nahIM / / usa samaya ke pramukha sAdhaka aura cintaka bhagavAn majjhima nikAya ke kinti sutta se jJAta hotA hai mahAvIra tathA buddha ne samagra samAja ko naitika- ki bhagavAna buddha kA jora zabdoM para nahIM thA, arthoM utthAna ke patha para Age bar3hAne kA prayatna kiyA para thaa| na unheM saMskRta se dveSa thA na mAgadhI thaa| ataH unhoMne apane dharma kA pracAra jana- se moh| ve kevala aisI jIvita bhASA meM upadeza sAmAnya kI aisI bhASA meM kiyA jo usa samaya denA cAhate the jise loga AsAnI se samajha skeN| deza ke bahubhAga meM pracalita thii| isa bhASA ko isalie unhoMne mAgadhI ko apane upadezoM kA bauddha evaM jaina prAgamoM meM mAgadhI kahA gayA hai, jo mAdhyama cunA thA / mAge calakara pAli tathA ardhamAgadhI ke nAma se magadha janapada kI bhASA ke prati bauddha dharma meM jAnI gayI hai / koI prAgraha nahIM thA / bhASA koI bhI, jana-jana ke bhagavAn buddha kA dharma kisI varga va jAti samajha meM prAne vAlI honI cAhiye / bhagavAn buddha vizeSa ke lie nahIM thA / prata ve apane dharma ke isa bAta se paricita the ki eka hI vastu ke lie upadezoM ko kisI bhASA vizeSa meM nahIM bA~dhanA vibhinna sthAnoM kI bhASAoM meM alaga-alaga zabda * ur3IsA meM janavarI 76 meM Ayojita antarrASTrIya bauddha evaM jainadharma sammelana meM prastuta nibandha / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17 2-47

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prayukta hote haiM / ataH unhoMne bhikSunoM se kahA thA ki apane janapada kI bhASA ke prayoga ke prati mamatA na rakhakara jahAM jaisA prayoga calatA ho, vahAM usI ke anusAra baratanA cAhie / janabhASAtroM ke mahatva ke prati bhagavAn buddha ke isa prakAra ke vicAra hone ke kAraNa hI bauddha dharma ke itihAsa meM deza-videza kI vibhinna jana bhASAoM kA prayoga ho sakA hai| yadyapi bhagavAn buddha ke samaya meM bhI jana bhASAtroM ko kisI dharma bizeSa kI bhASA mAnane meM logoM ko zrApatti thI / bauddha bhikSu camelu praura tekula isa bAta se dukhI hote haiM ki nAnA jAti zrIra gotroM ke manuSya apanI-apanI bhASA meM buddha vacanoM ko rakha kara unheM dUSita karate haiM / prata buddha vacanoM ko chAndas (vaidika saMskRta) meM rakhane kI bhagavAn buddha se anumati cAhate haiM / kintu buddha aisA karanA duSkRta' mAnate haiM / ve nahIM cAhate the ki buddha ke upadeza ziSTa samudAya ke kucha logoM kI bhASA meM simaTa kara raha jAya / zrata unhoMne bhikSuSoM ko apanI apanI bhASA meM buddha vacana sIkhane kI anujJA dI thii| bhagavAn buddha ke isa udAra dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa hI bauddha dharma jaba taka bhArata meM prabhAvazAlI rahA, yahAM kI janabhASAtroM ko samRddha karatA rahA hai / bauddha rAjAoM ne bhI janabhASAtroM ke mahatva ko samajhA hai / bauddha dharma ke sacce bhakta hone ke kAraNa ve buddha kI vAraNI ko jana-jana taka pahuMcA denA cAhate the / isaliye unhoMne apane abhilekha prAdi vibhinna prAntoM kI jana bhASAoM meM pracArita kiye haiM / azoka ke abhilekha isa bAta ke pramANa haiM / yadyapi azoka ke abhilekhoM meM pAli bhASA kI pradhAnatA hai, kintu unameM vibhinna sthAnoM kI jana- bhASA ke tatva bhI spaSTa haiN| 8 sAMcI zrora sAranAtha ke abhilekha bhI bauddha dharma se prabhAvita haiM, jinakI bhASA pAli hai / baramA ke rAjA dhammaceti kA kalyANI - abhilekha bhI pAli meM 2-48 hai / isa taraha bauddha dharma ke zAsaka bhI bhagavAn buddha kI vicAradhArA se prabhAvita rahe haiM / bauddha dharma meM dArzanika sAhitya kI pradhAnatA hai / darzana kI viziSTa anubhUtiyoM ko janabhASA meM prastuta karane se bahuta se naye zabdoM kA bhaNDAra janabhASA ko prApta humA hai| pAli bhASA meM isa taraha ke aneka zabda haiM, jo anya bhASAoM meM nahIM haiM tathA pAli se una bhASAdhoM meM grahaNa kiye gaye haiM / prAkRta, apabhraMza prAdi jana bhASAoM ke sAhitya ko samajhane ke lie bhI pAli kI zabdasampatti kA adhyayana zrAvazyaka hai| kyoMki pAli kA vikAsa magadha janapada kI aneka boliyoM ke sammizraNa se hudhA hai| prArambha meM pAli ko mAgadhI hI kahA jAtA thA / 10 tathA isa mAgadhI bhASA ko saba prANiyoM kI mUla bhASA bhI kahA gayA hai / 11 jo isake janabhASA hone kA pramANa haiM / prArambha meM pAli buddhavacana ke lie prayukta zabda thA, 12 bAda meM buddhavacana kI bhASA ko pAli kahA jAne lagA hai / bhArata meM bauddha dharma ne pAli bhASA ko apanA kara magadha janapada meM pracalita jana-bhASA ko samRddha kiyA hai / tathA pAli bhASA ke sAhitya dvArA bhAratIya sAhitya kI aneka vidhAnoM ko puSTa kiyA / bauddha dharma meM janabhASA ko apanAne kI paramparA nirantara banI rahI hai / jaba bauddha dharma bhArata ke par3osI dezoM meM gayA to vahAM bhI pAlibhASA kA pracAra huA / kintu una dezoM kI janabhASAoM meM bhI bauddha dharma kA paryApta pracAra humA haiM / bhArata ke dakSiNa meM bauddha dharma sarva prathama laMkA meM gayA / laMkA meM pAli tripiTaka ke pratirikta siMhalI bhASA meM nibaddha tripiTaka kA bhI paryApta pracAra hai / siMhalI bhASA meM bauddha dharma ke anya grantha bhI vahAM likhe gaye haiM / jaba yaha dharma baramA pahuMcA to vahAM kI saMskRti ko isane prabhAvita mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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kiyaa| baramI bhASA meM bauddha dharma ke aneka grantha jaina dharma meM prArambha se hI lokabhASAnoM ko haiM / yadyapi yahAM lambe samaya taka pAli bhI bauddha mahattva diyA jAtA rahA hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva sAhitya kI bhASA banI rahI hai| thAIlaiNDa aura eka loka devatA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hue haiN|17 kamboDiyA boddha deza kahe jAte haiM / yahAM kA dharma, unake bAda kI zramaNa-paramparA kA jo itihAsa sAhitya aura bhASAe bauddha dharma se anuprANita milatA hai usase spaSTa ki zramaNa-paramparA tathA haiM / bauddha dharma kI hInayAna zAkhA kA yahAM paryApta mahat dharma kA ziSTa samudAya kI bhASA saMskRta se pracAra hai|13 koI ghaniSTa sambandha nahIM rahA hai / 18 jainAcAryoM bauddha dharma kI mahAyAna zAkhA kA pracAra cIna, dvArA praNIta pUrva sAhitya kI bhASA prAkRta para hI tibbata, koriyA, maMgoliyA tathA jApAna meM adhika AdhArita mAnI gaI hai / vaidika sAhitya ke kaI hai| cIna meM bauddha granthoM kA anuvAda cInI bhASA sAkSyoM dvArA bhI mahAvIra ke pUrva janabhASA ke rUpa meM huA hai isase cInI bhASA kI samRddhi to meM prAkRta kA pracalita honA pramANita hotA hai| huI hI hai, jina saMskRta granthoM kA yaha anuvAda pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra dvArA to janabhASA ke hai unake astitva ko pramANita karane meM bhI pracAra-prasAra ke spaSTa pramANa upalabdha haiM / 20 cInI anuvAda ke grantha mahatvapUrNa haiN| prAcArya bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAdhanA jana sAmAnya kumArajIva evaM paramArtha ne cInI anuvAda ke / ko dhArmika samAnatA, sAmAjika pratiSThA tathA atirikta anya svatantra grantha bhI cInI bhASA meM rAjanaitika svatantratA upalabdha karAne meM sArthaka huI likhe haiM, jo buddha dharma evaM unake prAcAryoM ke hai| manuSya kI bhASA kI svatantratA para mahAvIra ne sambandha meM vizeSa prakAza DAlate haiM / tibbata meM vizeSa bala diyA hai| unake jIvana meM aise kaI bauddha dharma ke pracAra ne eka prora jahAM bhArata aura prasaga Aye haiM jaba unhoMne jana bhASA ke vikAsa ke tibbata ke sambandhoM ko dRr3ha kiyA hai vahAM tibbata lie paramparA se prApta zAstra aura bhASA kI kI janabhASA ko bhI samRddha kiyA hai| bauddha granthoM vyavasthA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| kahA jAtA hai kA tibbatI anuvAda itanA saTIka humA hai ki ki mahAvIra ne kisI ko apanA guru nahIM banAyA / usake mAdhAra para bhArata ke mUla saMskRta granthoM kA ve pAThazAlA se vApisa lauTa prAye / 21 isa ghaTanA punaH uddhAra kiyA jA rahA hai / 15 jApAna meM kI yaha sArthakatA hai ki vyAvahArika zikSA hI pracalita bauddha dharma se vahA~ aneka bauddha sampradAyoM AtmajJAna kA pravezadvAra nahIM hai| akSara aura ne janma liyA hai / ina sampradAyoM ke sAhitya dvArA dhyAkaraNa-jJAna se rahita vyakti bhI prAtmavikAsa jApAnI bhASA kI adhika samRddhi huI hai / 16 isa ke patha para Age bar3ha sakatA hai / loka kI bhASA meM taraha bauddha dharma deza-videza meM jahA~ bhI phalA-phUlA, apanI bAta kaha sakatA hai| vahAM kI janabhASAmoM ko usane avazya prabhAvita kiyA hai / bhagavAn buddha ke janabhASAnoM ke sambandha bhASA ke doSa evaM guNoM ko jAna kara hI meM udAra-vicAra, pAli bhASA kI utpatti ke usakA vyavahAra karane tathA bhASA kI kliSTatA ko mUla meM janabhASAmoM kA mizraNa, bauddha rAjAroM hamezA tyAga karane kI bAta mahAvIra ne kahI hai| 22 kA lokabhASAnoM ko prazraya tathA bauddha prAcAryoM dazavakAlika meM unhoMne kahA hai ki jisase dvArA aneka bhApAtroM ke jJAna kI upalabdhi prAdi aprIti utpanna ho aura dUsarA vyakti zIghra kupita sabake kAraNa hI bhagavAn buddha kI paramparA meM ho aisI ahitakArI bhASA kabhI nahIM bolanI vibhinna janabhASAe vikasita ho sakI haiN| cAhiye / 23 jJAnavAn vyakti sunane vAle ke hRdaya mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71 2-49

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taka pahuMcane vAlI bhASA kA hI vyavahAra kareM 124 tathA yadi koI vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se bhASA bolane meM skhalita ho jAya to usakA upahAsa nahIM karanA cAhiye 125 mahAvIra ke isa prakAra ke vicAra hI jana-bhASA ke utthAna meM zrAdhArabhUmi rahe haiN| inhIM se prerita hokara mahAvIra kI paramparA meM pratyeka yuga aura sthAna kI jana bhASA ko mahatva pradAna kiyA gayA hai / mahAvIra ke upadeza kI bhASA ko divyadhvani kahA gayA hai 126 isa bhASA kI yahI divyatA hai ki vaha sabhI prANiyoM taka sampreSita hotI thI / zrAdhyAtmika dRSTi se vaha anakSarAtmaka thI tathA vyAvahArika dRSTi se akSarAtmaka 127 usameM zrAyaManAyaM sabhI bhASAoM ke tatva sammilita the 128 ise sarvabhASAtmaka kahA gayA hai / 29 divvadhvani kA yaha svarUpa isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki mahAvIra ne kisI aisI vyApaka janabhASA meM upadeza diye the jisameM vibhinna boliyAM sammilita thIM / usa samaya isa prakAra kI bhASA magadha janapada meM pracalita thI / use jaina zAstroM meM ardhamAgadhI 30 aura zaurasenI prAkRta ke nAma se jAnA gayA hai| prAcIna jaina zrAgama inhIM jana bhASAtroM meM haiM / pAli, ardhamAgadhI va zaurasenI meM bauddha evaM jainadharma ke zrAgama upalabdha / ina bhASAoM ko buddha aura mahAvIra ke kArya kSetra meM pracalita bhASAeM bhI mAnA gayA hai| kintu usa samaya vAstava meM jana sAdhAraNa meM kyA ye bhASAeM bolI jAtI thIM ? yaha eka mahatvapUrNa prazna hai / aura yadi inakA prayoga janatA meM hotA thA to usakA svarUpa kyA vahI hai, jo grAgama yA tripiTaka kI bhASAoM kA hai ? bhASAvidoM ne ina jijJAsAyoM kA samAdhAna khojane kA prayatna kiyA hai| kintu koI spaSTa uttara hamAre sAmane nahIM hai| ataH yaha mAnakara calanA par3atA hai ki jaba do mahApuruSoM ne janasAdhAraNa ko udbodhita karane ke lie ina bhASAoM kA prayoga kiyA tathA usa samaya ke 2-50 rAjAtroM ne bhI janatA taka apanI bAta pahuMcAne ke lie inhIM bhASAoM meM apanI rAjAjJAeM prasArita kIM to avazya hI inakA prayoga loka meM hotA rahA hogA / sAhitya meM prAkara ina bhASAoM kA kucha pariSkAra ho gayA hogA / mahAvIra kI paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne arthamAgadhI va zaurasenI ke atirikta kAvya aura kathA ke lie mahArASTrI evaM paMzAcI prAkRta bhASAzroM ko bhI apanAyA hai| isase pUrva pazcima evaM dakSiNa bhArata kI lokabhASAoM kI samRddhi meM ve apanA yoga de sake hai / mahArASTrI prAkRta kramazaH sAhitya kI bhASA banate rahane se rUr3ha hone laga gayI thI / taba lagabhaga IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI meM apabhraMza nAmaka janabhASA sAhitya ke lie prayukta hone lagI / jaina prAcAryoM ne apabhraMza bhASA ko apanI racanAoM se bahuta pradhika samRddha kiyA hai / prAkRta ke dAya ko prapabhraMza janabhASA ne pracchI taraha surakSita rakhA hai / prAdhyAtmika jIvana kI jitanI anubhUtiyAM isa apabhraMza sAhitya meM haiM, utanI hI loka saMskRti kI chaviyAM bhI isameM kita haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya kI eka sudIrgha paramparA kA itihAsa prapabhraMza - sAhitya meM hai 131 madhyayuga meM jainAcAryoM ne bhArata kI prAdhunika zrArya bhASAoM ko apanI racanAoM se samRddha kiyA hai / svabhAvataH unameM prAkRta, apabhraMza bhASAtroM kA paryApta prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / vastutaH Adhunika bhASAoM kA poSaNa hI unase huA hai / rAjasthAnI bhASA meM aparimita jaina sAhitya likhA gayA hai / 32 rAjasthAnI bhASA dhvani parivartana aura vyAkaraNa donoM kI dRSTi se madhyayugIna bhASAtroM se prabhAvita haiM 133 usakA zabda evaM dhAtukoza prAkRta apabhraMza se samRddha huA hai / kucha kriyAe draSTavya haiM prAkRta ghar3ai khaNDai kido rAjasthAnI prAkRta jAMcai ghar3a khAMDe kIdho rAjasthAnI jAMce dhAre hosI dhArai hosai mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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mehuNa DAbu ranna rAna gujarAta meM mahAvIra kI paramparA kA adhika kI samRddhi meM bhI apanA yogadAna kiyA hai 136 prabhAva rahA hai| gujarAtI bhASA kA jaina sAhitya mahArASTro prAkRta kA prabhAva marAThI bhASA para bhASA aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se paryApta samRddha spaSTa hai / yathAhai 34 madhyadeza kI zaurasenI prAkRta va apabhraMza prAkata marAThI prAkata marAThI kA gujarAtI para adhika prabhAva hai / zabda samUhoM ke praNiya praNiyA undara undIra udAharaNa draSTavya haiM: kolluga kolhA jalla jAla prAkRta gujarAtI prAkRta gujarAtI toMDa takka tAka aMgohali ghola proilla polaka neUraNa neUna mevar3A uNDA UNhA choyara chokarA suNha SUna vAulla bAhulI Dabba karNATaka meM jaina dharma kA prasAra vahAM kI pUrvI bhArata kI prAdhunika bhASAmoM meM bhojapurI. saMskRti ke lie varadAna siddha huaA hai / na kevala magahI, maithilI, ur3iyA, baMgAlI aura asamiyA vahAM dharma kI bhAvanA jAgRta huI apitu jainAcAryo pramukha haiN| ina bhASAnoM ke vikAsakSetra meM prAkRta ke sahayoga se tAmila evaM kannar3a sAhitya kI va apabhraza kA paryApta prabhAva rahA hai| jainAcAryoM samRddhi bhI paryApta huI hai| sAhitya ke atirikta kI vihArabhUmi hone se unhoMne ina bhASAoM ko dakSiNa kI ina bhASAnoM meM prAkRta ke tatva bhI bhI dharmapracAra kA mAdhyama banAyA hai / ina samAhita hue haiM / kucha zabdoM ke udAharaNa draSTavya bhASAmoM meM prAkRta apabhraMza ke aneka poSaka tatva upalabdha haiM, jinakA adhyayana vidvAno ne kiyA hai| yahAM kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM / prAkRta kannaDa prAkRta aolagga prolaga kandala kada (1) prAkRta bhojapurI prAkRta bhojapurI caver3a cappAli desiya desika jIhA jIbha cakka cAka palli kisana kisuna kissA pisuNima pisuNa khissA prAkRta tamila prAkRta tamila kaDDha kAr3hai sijjha sIjhai prakka prakA kaDappa kalappAi (2) prAkRta maithilI prAkRta maithilI kori pillama kaccaharipra kacaharI kaddama kAdoM aAja hama rASTrabhASA ke rUpa meM jisa hindI lohAla lohAra sikkhala sikkarI bhASA kA prayoga karate haiM usakA vikAsa kaI Tilaka TikulI piDhimA pirahimA pravasthAnoM se gujara kara hupA hai| hindI bhASA (3) prAkRta uDiyA prAkRta ur3iyA meM jaina prAcAryoM ne kaI racanAeM likhI haiM 137 sigrAla zipAla hima himA mahAvIra kI paramparA kA hindI bhASA se ghaniSTha sahI sahI nAha sambandha hone ke kAraNa hindI kI zabda-sampatti meM ThANa ThA thaNa thana saMskRta ke atirikta bahuta se aise zabda bhI haiM jo savatti sAvata bhatta bhAta mIdhe prAkRta apabhraza se usameM Aye haiM / hajAroM vejja veja hattha hAtha varSoM se ina zabdoM kI surakSA mahAvIra kI paramparA dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI jaina dharma paryA'ta ke sAhitya meM hotI rahI hai / 38 udAharaNArtha kucha vikasita huA hai / jainAcAryoM ne vahAM kI bhASAmoM zabda draSTavya hai : kannaDa pallI kurara pillai nAha mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-51

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marahaTTa cAroM prAkita hindI prAkRta hindI isa taraha spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra kI paramparA prakkhADa akhAr3A rahaTa ne prArambha se hI janabhASA ko mahatva diyA hai tathA ukkhala prokhalI ulluTa ulTA pratyeka yuga aura sthAna kI janabhASA ko sAhitya koilA koyalA khalla khAla cAulA tathA prAdhyAtmika cetanA se vikasita kiyA cAvala cokkha cokhA chaillo chailA jhAr3a hai 140 bhAratIya bhASAoM ke bhASAvaijJAnika, sAhiDoro DorA cArA tyika evaM sAMskRtika adhyayana va anusaMdhAna ke pattala patalA bhalla bhalA lie yaha anivArya ho gayA hai ki mahAvIra evaM hindI bhASA meM prAkRta ke zabda hI nahIM, apitu buddha kI paramparA tathA usake sampUrNa sAhitya kA bahuta-sI kriyAeM bhI grahaNa kI gayI haiM 139 vidhivat pradhyayana kiyA jaay| paba taka jo yathAH adhyayana kiyA gayA hai usakA punaH mUlyAMkana kara prAkRta hindI prAka tahindI samagra rUpa se bauddha evaM jaina dharma kI paramparA ke ur3anA kuddati kUdanA svarUpa evaM usake yogadAna ko spaSTa karane kI khodanA camakka camakanA deksa dekhanA piTTa pITanA nitAnta AvazyakatA hai / tabhI hama bhAratIya lukkA lukanA baiThanA aadi| saMskRti kI pUrNatA kI ora agrasara ho skeNge| sandarbha 1. aMguttara nikAya tika-nipAta sutta; draSTavya, milindaprazna (hindI), pR. 231 2. majjhima nikAya, kinti-sutta, 31113 3. upAdhyAya, bharatasiMha. pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 27 4. majjhima nikAya, bharaNa-vibhaMga sutta, 31419 5. 'saMkAya niruttiyA buddha-vacanaM dUsenti', vinaya piTaka, cullavagga 6. 'handa mayaM bhante buddhavacanaM chandaso pAropemAti', 7. 'manujAnAmi bhikkhave sakAyaniruttiyA buddhavacanaM pariyApuriNatu', 8. sena, sukumAra, e kampereTiva grAmara Apha miDila iNDo-Aryana leMgvejeja / 9. upAdhyAya, vahI, pR0 681-90 10. 'sammAsambuddha na vRttappakAro mAgadhako vohAro'-samantapAsAdikA, buddhaghoSa tathA 'sA mAgadhI mUla bhAsA-sambaddhA cApi bhAsare'-kaccAna vyAkaraNa / 11. 'sabvesaM mUla bhAsAya mAgadhAya niruttiyA'-cUlavaMza, pariccheda 37 tathA 'mAgadhikAya sabbasattAnaM mUlabhAsAya'-vizuddhibhagga / 12. prAcArya buddhaghoSa kI aTThakathAeM draSTavya / 13. vApaTa, bauddhadharma ke 2500 varSa / 14. sogana, yamakAmI, sisTamsa Apha buddhisTa thATa, pR. 72-79 2-52 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 |

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15. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, tibbata meM bauddha dharma / 16. sujukI, aiseja ina jaina buddhijma, pR0 222-331 17. draSTavya', lekhaka kA nibandha- 'bhagavAn RSabhadeva evaM ziva ke vyaktitva kA vikAsa' / 18. hastImala jI mahArAja, jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 1 19. devasthalI, jI0 vI0, 'prAkRtijma ina da Rgveda' seminAra prakAzana. pUnA, 1969 20. devendra muni, bhagavAn pArzva : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 21. AvazyakacUNi pUrvabhAga, pR0 246-47 22. bhAsAi dose ya guNeNa jaanniyaa| tIse ya duDheM parivajjie sayA / / --dazavakAlika, 7156 23. appattiyaM jeNa siyA Asu kuppejja vA pro| savvaso taM na bhAsejjA bhAsaM ahiyagAmiriNaM // --daza0 8147 24. vaejja buddha hiyamANulomiyaM / 25. vaI-vikkhiliyaM naccA na taM uvahase munnii| --mahAvIra ke hajAra upadeza 26. zAstrI, nepicandra-bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prAcArya paramparA, bhAga 1 27. gomaTTasAra jIvakANDa, 2271488115 28. aTThArasa mahAbhAsA vi khullayabhAsA visattasatasaMkhA / prakkhara raNakkharappaya saNNI jIvANa sayalabhAsAo | --tiloyapaNNatti, 1161 29. samantabhadra, svayambhUstotra, 97 30. bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhammaM prAkkhai / ---samavAyAMgasutta , 98 31. jaina, devendra kumAra, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya / 32. nAhaTA, agaracanda, rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI gauravapUrNa paramparA / 33. jaina, prema sumana, rAjasthAnI bhASA meM prAkRta-apabhraza ke prayoga / 34. mazI. kanhaiyAlAla mANikalAla gajarAtI sAhitya, bhAga 5 35. DAMDekara, mAra0 ena0-prosiDiMga Apha da seminAra ina prAkRta sTaDIja, 1969 36. zAstrI, kailAzacandra, dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma / 37. zAstrI, nemicanda, hindI kA jaina sAhitya / 38. jaina, jagadIzacandra, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 693-702 / 39. jaina, prema sumana, prAkRta-apabhraMza tathA anya bhAratIya bhASAeM / 40. katre esa0 ema0, prAkRta leMgvejeja eNDa deyara kanTrIbyuzansa TU iNDiyana kalcara / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-53

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jaba hama tumako dekha sakeMge * zrI anokhIlAla ajamerA-indaura bIta cuke sapanoM ke ve dina jo atIta kI yAda dilAte, maMgala gAna usava svarUpa jo harSita ho hama nitya manAte / citrapaTAdi sajjita . maMcoM para kAvya goSThiyoM meM bhI dekhA, sAhityika kI sUjha bUjha ke kalpita aMbAroM meM dekhA / kaI yojanAoM ko ghar3akara smRtisvarUpa stUpa banAye, para na tujhe hama apane mana ke usa ghaTa darpaNa se lakha paaye| kaI svarUpa tumhAre the, para tuma eka rUpa ho rahe nirantara, siddhAratha ke rAjaputra the, trisalA kI AkhoM ke vatsala / kuDa grAma, vaizAlI meM bhI baMdhe pyAra se rahe nirantara, para ve bhI pA na sake bhinna bhinna, rUpoM kA antara / to hama phira kyA dekha sakeMge yuga yuga bItA vaha rUpa tumhArA, indrAdika bhI na dekha sake jo thA mana mohaka rUpa tumhArA / mariNa mANika a bAra lagAkara svarNa maMjuSA khUba luTAdeM, siMhAsana pASANa mUtiyAM cAhe hama nita prati baiThAda / yaha to hai sammAna tumhArA jo hai vaha apaNa karate haiM, darpaNa ko rakha dUra kalpanA meM jo ramate hai| mariNa mANika kacana kAminI kyA usa svarUpa ko dekha sakegI, mahaloM kA ujjvala prakAza kyA usa jyoti ko jhelasa kegii| jo kaivalya jJAna pada pAkara tumane ujjvala prakAza phailAyA, timira toma yuga yuga meM bhI tumane thA ujjvala dIpa jlaayaa| vItarAgatA ke svarUpa bana bItarAga ko dekha sakage, vahI svarUpa hamArA hogA, jaba hama tumako dekha skeNge| 2-54 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71

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suprasiddha aitihAsika vidvAn zrI nAthUrAmajI premI ne apane 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa" nAmaka pustaka ke 'padmacarita praura paumacariya' nAmaka nibaMdha meM 'paumacariya' ke racanAkAra zrI vimalasUri ko janoM kI usa tRtIya dhArA ke hone kI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI thI jisakA pratinidhitva prAge calakara yApanIya saMgha ne kiyaa| usameM unhoMne pAMca kAraraNa diye the / vidvAn lekhaka ne vimalasUra ko zvetAmbara siddha karate hue unameM se cAra kAraNoM ke nirasana kA prayatna kiyA hai kintu unhoMne isakA koI samAdhAna isa lekha meM nahIM kiyA ki usameM tIrthaMGkara kI mAtA ke svapnoM kI saMkhyA 15 hai jabaki digambara 16 paura zvetAmbara 14 mAnate haiN| yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki donoM hI sampradAyoM kI mAnyatAnusAra digambara zvetAmbara saMgha bheda vi0 sa0 136 yA 136 meM huvA jabaki paumacariu vi0 saM0 60 kI racanA hai / kyA vimalasUri yApanIya the ? vimalasUri kA paumacariya jaina sAhitya kA zIrSa grantha hai / isa grantha meM zvetAmbara - digambara donoM hI sampradAyoM ke virodhI pravirodhI tathya upalabdha hote haiM, jo ki vimalasUri ke yApanIya hone kI sambhAvanA vyakta karate haiM / 2 paumacariya zvetAmbarAcArya vimalasUri kI kRti hai, zraneka pramANa isa tathya ko puSTa karate haiM / paumacariyakAra ne grantha kI prazasti meM apanI guruparamparA dI hai| ve svasamaya parasamaya pAraMgata AcArya rAhu ke praziSya va nAilakulavaMzanaMdikara prAcArya vijaya ke ziSya haiM / isa nAilakula kA ullekha zvetAmbara granthoM meM hI milatA hai| muni kalyANa vijayajI kA kathana hai ki sUtroM ke vyAkhyA granthoM ke ullekhoM se isa kula ke muni svatantra prakRtivAle pratIta hote haiN| 4 zvetAmbara anyoM meM isa kula kA nAmollekha nAilakula ko spaSTarUpa se zvetAmbara pramANita karatA hai / nandisUtra meM to mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 -pra0 sampAdaka DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA, nAgapura prAcArya bhUtidina ko spaSTarUpa se nAilakulavaMzanaMdikara hI kahA gayA hai nizcita hI nAilakulavaMza zvetAmbara sampradAya se sambaddha hai tathA vimalasUrikA nAilakulavaMzI honA unake zvetAmvaratva kA prabala pramANa hai / AcArya ra viSeNa ke samakSa jaina rAmakathA kI do dhArAye vidyamAna thI eka paumacariya kI aura dUsarI uttarapurANa kI / digambarAcArya raviSeNa ne uttarapurANa kI kathA ko chor3akara paumacariya kI kathA ko apane grantha kA prAdhAra banAyA hai / prAcArya raviSeNa nizcita hI paumacariya se bahuta adhika prabhAvita hai, tabhI unhoMne apanA padmacaritra paumacariya ke pallavita chAyAnuvAda ke rUpa meM likhA hai / prAcArya vimalasUri ke grantha kA upayoga karane para bhI unhoMne paumacariya prathavA vimalamUri kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai| nizcita hI prAcArya vimalasUra unake sampradAya ke arthAt digambara 2-55

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sampradAya ke nahIM the, isaliye raviSeNAcAryaM unake nAmollekha se katarA gaye haiM / yApanIya sampradAya ke anuyAyI svayaMbhu ne bhI apane apabhraMza paumacariya ke prArambha meM likhA hai ki yaha rAmakathA ra viSeNAcArya ke prAsAda se unheM prApta huI hai / yadi zrAcArya vimalasUri yApanIya hote to svayaMbhu nizcita hI unakA bahumAnapUrvaka ullekha karate / svayaMbhu paumacariya aura vimalasUri se paricita na hoM, yaha bAta asaMbhava pratIta hotI hai / AcArya vimalasUri dvArA jaina muni ke liye siyaMvara yA seyaMbara zabda kA prayoga bhI unake zvetAmbaratva ko pramANita karatA hai / " puSpikA meM vimalasUri ko pUrvaghara batAyA gayA hai, pUrvadharoM kI sUcI meM inakA nAma kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hotA, kintu zvetAmbara paramparA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANoparAnta eka hajAra varSa taka pUrvadharoM kA astitva svIkAra karatI hai / zrAcArya vimalasUri kA pUrvadhara honA zvetAmbara paramparAnukUla hai / zrAgametara zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya jaina mahArASTrI meM likhA gayA hai, paumacariya bhI jaina mahArASTrI meM racita hai, ataH isakI bhASA bhI ise zvetAmbara ghoSita karatI hai / strImukti' jaise siddhAnta kA samarthana karane ke kAraNa unheM digambara paramparA kA prAcArya to mAnA hI nahIM jA sakatA / yApanIya sampradAya avazya strImukti svIkAra karatA rahA kintu inake yApanIya hone ke bhI sAdhaka pramANa nahIM milate haiM, kintu jaisA ki DaoN0 vI0 ema0 kulakarNIjI ne kahA hai inakA nAilakulavaMza, zvetAmbara muni kA ullekha tathA jaina mahArASTro bhASA ye pramANa inako zvetAmbarAcArya pramANita karate haiM 18 2-56 paumacariya ke jo ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA ke viruddha pratIta hote haiM unameM se pramukha yaha hai ki gautama gaNadhara tathA rAjA zreNika kI vaktA zrotA yojanA digambara paramparA ke anukUla hai; mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa tathA vivAha kI ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai bhAdi / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI gautama zrAdi gaNadhara dharmopadeza diyA karate the / zrAvazyaka cUriMga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dezanA ke uparAnta gautama Adi gaNadharoM ke dharmopadeza kA ullekha hai titthagaro paDhamaporusIya dhammaM tAba kahemi jAva paDhamaporusI ugdhADavelA / uvAra porusIe uThThite titthakare goyamasAmI prano vA gaNaharo bitIya porusIe dhammaM kaheti / 10 rAjA zreNika bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna prasiddha jaina samrATa huye haiM, jinhoMne gautama gaNadhara se apanI aneka zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA hogA, ataH indrabhUti gautama tathA rAjA zreNika kI vaktA zrotA yojanA kI paramparA kA prArambha huA / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra pazcAt pramukha ziSya hone para gautama gaNadhara ke sthAna para sudharmA svAmI ko saMgha kA netRtva prApta huaa| sudharmA svAmI ne paTTadhara hone ke kAla meM jambUsvAmI kI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA / isa prakAra jaina sampradAya meM prathamataH gautama zreSika va phira Arya sudharmA va jambUsvAmI kI vaktA zrotA yojanA kA AraMbha huprA / inameM se prathama ko dig2ambara sampradAya ne aura dUsarI ko zvetAmbara sampradAya ne apanA liyA / paumacariya zrArambhika zatAbdiyoM kI racanA hai, usa samaya taka ye paramparAyeM rUr3ha nahIM huI hoMgI, zrataH paumacariya meM zreNika gautama gaNadhara kI zrotA vaktA yojanA milatI hai / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vivAha ke sambandha meM bhI tIthaMkara kI mAtA ke 14 svapna, bharata cakravartI zvetAmbara sampradAya meM donoM mAnyatAyeM haiN| kalpa- kI 64 hajAra rAniyAM prAdi ullekha prAcArya sUtra va Avazyaka bhASya inheM vivAhita mAnate haiM vimalasUri ke zvetAmbara hone kA samarthana karate haiN| dUsarI aora samavAyAMga sthAnAMga va Avazyaka nizcita hI vimalasUri eka zvetAmbarAcArya haiM, niyukti meM inake avivAhita rahane kI mAnyatA hai| unakA nAikulavaMza, svayaMbhu dvArA smaraNa na kiyA ___ kevalajJAna prApti ke uparAnta bhagavAna mahAvIra jAnA tathA unake zvetAmbara sAdhu kA prAdarapUrvaka kA bhavyoM ko pratibodhita karate huye vipulAcala ullekha unake yApanIya na hone ke prabala para prAgamana, tIrthaGkaratva-prApti ke 20 kAraNa, pramANa hai| 1. paumacariya bhAga 1 : Introduction. Dr. V. M. Kulkarni : Page 18-22, 2. (padmacarita aura paumacariya) jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa : zrI nAthUrAmajI premI pR0 98 3. paramacariya 118, 117, 118 4. paumacariya bhAga 1 : Introduction, Vimalsuri's life. 5. nandisUtra : gAthA 38 6. paumacariya 22/78-79 7. paumacariya 83/12 8. paumacariya : Introduction : Dr. V. M. Kulkarni P. 22 9. prAvazyaka cUriNa : bhAga 1 pR0 332 10. mAvazyaka cUNi ; bhAga | pR0 333 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 2-57

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asampRkta lagAva saMgIta lahara DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata zrI udayacandra'prabhAkara' zAstrI, indaura matavAda, prAmra ballariyAM koyala ke svArtha, aura kaTTaratA se baMdhI dhuTana bharI taMga muTThiyoM ko jarUrata haimahAvIra ke anantadharmA sApekSa cintana ke bhramamukta khulAva kii| ini sabiani nadilanie dizA hIna, bemAnI, vikSipta yAtrA ko teja bhAgatI peMDUlamI raphtAra ko jarUrata haimahAvIra ke sthitaprajJa antarmana ke vivekadIpta par3Ava kii| saragama se gUMja uThI mAbhAsa huA pattoM ko ye kauna pANDura vastroM ke bIca phira bhI khAmozI dUra kSitija ke kone taka caMcala maMda pabana phira bhI lalacAyA jIrNa-zIrNa vastroM ko dharatI para vikharAyA mamatA ne samatAbhAva gharAkara choTI sI kacchI pahanAI dharma dIpa kI jJAnadRSTi apanAI ye mere nahIM Aja maiM jinako kahatA hUM para vo dekho sukha ko jana jana meM aba bhI vAMTa rahA patA nahIM kaisI paharI jhuramuTa se yoM tAka rahA saMgIta lahara jJAnAmRta kI saritA meM yoM ghola rahA taba kyA maiM mahAvIra ko jAna sakA? raktaraMjita, jaharIlI paMdherI, mananta lAlasAnoM se prasta, saMtapta durlabha jIvana sAMsoM ko jarUrata haimahAvIra ke tapa saMyamamaya masampRkta lagAva kii| 2-58 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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priMsa prApha velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI kA jaina kAMsya mUtiyoM ke saMgraha ke kAraNa apanA eka alaga hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / ina mUtiyoM meM se kucha ke sambandha meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ne vibhinna samayoM para kaI patra patrikAoM meM apane nibandha prakAzita karAye haiM magara prAja taka eka bhI aisA nibandha prakAzita nahIM huA jo vahAM kI sampUrNa kAsya mUrtiyoM ke sambandha meM eka hI sthAna para jAnakArI upalabdha karA sake / vidvAna lekhaka ne apane isa nibandha dvArA eka bahuta bar3e prabhAva kI pUrti kI hai| prAzA hai isa kSetra ke zodhArthI chAtroM evaM anusaMdhissutroM ke lie yaha nibandha baDA upayogI siddha hogaa| 2ACT STO pra. sampAdaka prinsa Apha velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI meM kAMsya matiyAM * DA. vrajendranAtha zarmA dillI prinsa pApha velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI meM jaina AdinAtha eka padma para jo triratha pIThikA para kAMsya pratimAnoM kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa saMgraha hai| sthita hai, kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e haiM / inake ghugharAle ina pratimAmoM meM kevala do ko chor3akara jo copaDA keza donoM ora kandhoM para laTaka rahe haiM / inake vakSa tathA zravaNa belagolA se prApta huI thIM anya mUrtiyAM para sone kA zrIvatsa cinha aMkita hai tathA nIce pazcimI bhArata meM banI pratIta hotI haiN| ina mUrtiyoM ke adho bhAga meM dhotI pahine hai jisakI gAMTha sAmane para suprasiddha vidvAn DA0 umAkAnta premAnanda zAha lagI hai| inake zIza ke pIche eka sundara prabhA banI tathA DA0 motIcanda va zrI sadAziva gorakzkara hai tathA donoM ora eka-eka caMvaradhArI sevaka khar3A prAdi ne vibhinna aMgrejI kI patrikAoM meM nibandha hai| inake atirikta donoM prorahI tIna-tIna tIrthakara prakAzita kiye haiN| prastuta lekha meM hama samasta jaina dhyAna mudrA meM haiM / prAdinAtha ke zIza ke pIche banI mUrtiyoM ko eka hI sthAna para prakAzita kara rahe haiM prabhA ke donoM mora cAra-cAra tIrthakara virAjamAna jisase jaina mUrtikalA meM ruci rakhane vAle vidvAna haiN| inake Upara eka paMkti meM chaH tathA unake Upara evaM vidyArthiyoM ko unakI jAnakArI prApta ho anya paMkti meM tIna anya tIrthakaroM ko dhyAnastha ske| pratimAyeM haiN| sabase Upara kI paMkti ke madhya meM isa saMgrahAlaya kI sabase prAcIna jaina kAsyamUrti pAMca phaNoM kI chAyA meM teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha prathama tIrthakara RSabhanAtha kA cauvIsI paTTa hai (naM0 kI mUrti hai / mUla pratimA ke bAhya bhAga para donoM 42) jo copar3A, jilA khAnadeza meM kaI varSa pUrva prApta prora nIce se Upara taka kramazaH gaja-zArdUla, vINAhanA thA / do phITa UMcI evaM pAThavIM zatI I0 meM vAdaka, mRdaMga vAdaka, DhapalI vAdaka tathA hAtha jor3e nirmita isa atyanta kalAtmaka mUrti ke madhya meM divya upAsikAyeM tathA mAlAdhArI gandharva ur3ate mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-59

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dikhAye gaye haiM aura sabase Upara madhya meM trichatra ke ka dharma kA kAphI pracAra thA, jisake phalasvarUpa aneka Upara kalaza banA hai| jaina dharma se sambandhita devI devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM kA pUjA hetu nirmANa huA / isa kAla meM adhikatara siMhAsana ke dAhinI mora eka per3a ke nIce laghu kAMsya mUrtiyoM kA hI vizeSa rUpa se nirmANa kirITadhArI yakSa hai jo dekhane meM kuvera pratIta hotA huA jo ki na kevala mandiroM meM hI varan jaina upA. hai| isake dAhine hAtha meM bIjapUraka va bAyeM meM sakoM ke gharoM meM bhI pratiSThApita kI gaI / kalA kI nakula hai| isI prakAra dUsarI ora sambhavataH yakSI dRSTi se ye mUrtiyAM eka hI prakAra kI haiM aura ambikA kI mUrti hai jo prAmra vRkSa ke nIce dAhine adhikatara pItala kI haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hAtha meM eka prAmralumbi tathA bAMye se eka bAlaka kalAkAroM ne mUrtiyoM kI bAhya racanA para vizeSa ko pakar3e haiM parantu inakA vAhana siMha nahIM darzAyA dhyAna na dekara unhe kevala pUjA kI vastu mAna kara gayA hai / siMhAsana ke madhya meM dharmacakra sthita hai aura hI unakI racanA kii| yahI kAraNa hai ki rAjaeka-eka mRga hai / isake nicale bhAga para navagraha bane sthAna va gujarAta meM banI asaMkhya mUrtiyAM adhikatara haiM / yaha mUrti jaina mUrtiyoM meM advitIya hai| eka hI prakAra kI haiM ! rAjasthAna meM vasantagar3ha tathA dUsarI durlabha jaina pratimA bAhubali kI hai jo gujarAta meM prakoTA se jo dhAtu kI pratimAyeM milI kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e haiM (naM0 105) yadyapi haiM unameM mUrtikalA kI dRSTi se prAya: adhikatara elorA, bAdAmI, madhya pradeza tathA anya sthAnoM vizeSatAyeM sAmAnya hI haiN| adhikatara matiyoM meM se bhI aisI mUrtiyAM jJAta haiM paranta zravaNabelagolA bAhya prADambara kA prabhAva pratIta hotA hai| ina kSetra se milI cAlakya yagIna 9vIM zatI I0 mUrtiyoM meM tIrthakara ko trichatra ke nIce prAsIna athavA kI yaha kAMsya mUti jaina mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna dikhAyA gayA hai aura advitIya sthAna rakhatI hai| zravaNabelagolA jainadharma unake donoM ora caMvaradhArI sevaka va Upara ur3ate ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie eka punIta sthala hai aura gandharvo kA makana hai / pIThikA para sAmane dharmayahAM kI vizva prasiddha lagabhaga 57 phITa UMcI cakra ko ghere do mRgoM ke atirikta navagraha kA bhI gommaTezvara kI vizAla mUrti sthita hai jisakA prakana milatA hai / inake atirikta pratyeka tIrthakara nirmANa gaMga senApati cAmuNDarAya ne lagabhaga 983 kA yakSa evaM yakSiNI unake pAsana ke donoM ora I0 meM karavAyA thaa| dikhAye gaye haiM / prAdinAtha pArzvanAtha, supArzvanAtha kI pratimAoM ke atirikta zeSa tIrthakaroM kI pahaeka phuTa pATha iJca UMcI isa nagna kAMsya mRti cAna ke lie matiyoM ke pRSTha bhAga para utkIrNa lekhoM meM unake keza Upara kI ora haiM tathA jaTAyeM kandhoM se hI sahAyatA lenI hotI hai| ina lekhoM meM mUrti para par3I huI haiM / saMsAra tyAgane para dhora tapasyA ke nirmANa kAla ke atirikta mUrtiyoM ke dAna kartA meM lIna hone ke kAraNa unake zarIra se aneka kI vaMzAvalI tathA kabhI kabhI kucha vizeSa 'gacchoM' latAyeM lipaTa gaI thI, jisako isa mUrti meM bar3I ke nAmoM kA bhI patA calatA hai jo ki usa samaya sundaratA se kuzala kalAkAra ne darzAyA hai| unakI panapa rahe jaina dharma ke itihAsa ke lie bhI parama sIdhI nAsikA, nIce kA bhArI hoTa, lambe kAna evaM upayogI hai| aisI mUrtiyAM jaina mandiroM ke atisuDaula zarIra kI banAvaTa ke kAraNa prAyaH sabhI rikta bhArata evaM videzoM ke aneka saMgrahAlayoM meM bhI kalAvidoM ne isa mUrti kI bharapUra prazaMsA kI hai| pradarzita haiN| jo sthiti madhya yuga meM bauddha dharma kI madhya kAla meM rAjasthAna tathA gujarAta meM jaina pUrvI bhArata meM thI, lagabhaga vahI sthiti isa kAla meM 2-60 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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jaina dharma kI pazcimI bhArata meM bhI thii| nalAdA nau mUrtiyAM vidyamAna haiN| isameM sabase prAcIna kurkIhAra, phatehapura tathA anya sthAnoM se asaMkhya pratimA jo vIM zatI I0 kI hai (naM0 67.6), bauddha kAMsya evaM pASANa mUrtiyAM pUrvI bhArata se pArzvanAtha kI sarpa pharaNoM kI chAyA meM dhyAna prApta huI haiN| rAjasthAna va gujarAta ke aneka jaina mudrA meM virAjamAna haiM / pArzvanAtha kI 10vIM bhaNDAroM meM tathA jaina mandiroM meM tithiyukta jaina zatI I0 kI eka mUrti meM (67.23) ve pAMca mUrtiyAM upalabdha hai jinakA vistAra se adhyayana phaNoM ke nIce baiThe haiM aura yakSa dharaNendra tathA mAvazyaka hai| yakSI padmAvatI jo tIrtha kara mUrti ke donoM ora hAtha jor3e haiM ke zarIra ke nIce kA adho bhAga prinsa prApha velsa saMgrahAlaya meM isa samaya sarpa rUpI banA hai jo sAmAnyatayA prastara pratipazcimI bhArata se prApta lagabhaga ikkIsa jena mAnoM kI apekSA kAMsya pratimAnoM meM kama hI pratimAyeM upalabdha haiM jo IsavI 887 se 1 427 milatA hai| ke samaya kI banI haiN| kalA kI dRSTi se ina matiyoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai inameM tIrthakaroM ke pArzvanAtha kI eka tritIrthI pratimA jisake atirikta kaI vitIrthI tathA paMcatIrthI pratimAyeM bhI pRSTha bhAga para vi0 saM0 1110 (1053 I0 kA haiN| pItala kI banI ina sabhI matiyoM meM tIrthakara aspaSTa lekha utkIrNa hai, ke donoM ora RSabhanAtha ko dhyAnamudrA meM baiThe dikhAyA gayA aura sAtha meM evaM mahAvIra kI kAyotsarga mudrA meM mUrtiyAM sthita unake yakSa evaM yakSiNIyoM kA prakana hai| inakA haiM aura unake pairoM ke samIpa pIThikA se nikalate saMkSepa meM varNana isa prakAra hai| hue padmoM para dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI kI prAsana mUrtiyAM banI haiM / mUla pratimA ke zIza ke Upara prathama tIrtha kara mUrti meM 'jina' eka siMhAsana bane sarpa ke sapta phaNoM kA aGkana bar3I sundaratA para virAjamAna hai aura inake donoM ora eka-eka se hamA hai ! pArzvanAtha ke vakSa para prakita caMvaradhArI sevaka khar3A hai (naM0 67.7) / pIThikA zrIvatsa cinha meM cAMdI kA prayoga huprA hai / se nikalate hae kamala ke phAra dAhinI ora yakSa (nN067.10)| evaM bAI pora yakSiNI kA aGkana hai tathA sAmane praSTa graha va prabhA ke Upara mAlAdhArI gandharva hai ! pArzvanAtha kI kaI tritIthiyoM ke atirikta eka mUrti ke pRSTha bhAga para utkIrNa lekha se jJAta hotA paMcatIrthI bhI isa saMgrahAlaya meM vidyamAna hai hai ki yaha vi0 saM0 644 (887) I0 meM (naM. 67.24) / lagabhaga bArahavIM zatI I0 meM banI thii| nirmita huI isa mUrti ke madhya meM pArzvanAtha madhya meM sarpaphaNoM ke nIce dhyAna mudrA meM virAjamAna upayukta jina pratimA se kAphI sAmyatA haiN| inake donoM ora kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e prAdirakhatI huI bhagavAn RSabhanAtha kI mUrti hai jinakI nAtha evaM mahAvIra mUrtiyoM ke Upara eka-eka anya pahacAna kandhoM para par3e hue unake kezoM se kI jA tIrtha kara kI dhyAna-mudrA meM laghu mUrti sthita hai / sakatI hai / (naM0 6706) mUrti paryApta rUpa se nIce sAmane vAle bhAga para dharaNendra va padmAvatI naSTa hai / siMhAsana ke donoM prora inakA yakSa kA anya mUrtiyoM kI bhAMti aMkana hai / gomukha tathA yakSI cakrezvarI kI laghu mUrtiyAM hai| kA yaha lagabhaga havIM zatI I0 kI kRti hai| isI saMgrahAlaya meM neminAtha kI mUrti bhI hai prinsa Apha velsa saMgrahAlaya meM pArzvanAtha kI jisake pRSTha bhAga para vi0 saM0 1228 (11-71 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-61

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I.) kA lekha utkIrNa hai (naM. 6720) / yahAM para pandrahaveM tIrthakara dharmanAtha kI cauvIsI anya mUrtiyoM kI hI bhAMti isa mUrti meM neminAtha bhI ullekhanIya hai (naM0 67.17) jisakA nirmANa ke donoM ora caMvaradhArI sevakoM ke atirikta unake 15vIM zatI I0 ke pUrvAddha meM huA thaa| madhya meM yakSa evaM yakSI kA aGkana prApta hai / neminAtha kI dharmanAtha eka gaja siMhAsana para dhyAna mudrA meM isa prakAra kI mUrtiyAM kama hI prakAza meM pAI haiN| virAjamAna haiN| inake donoM prora eka-eka tIrtha upayukta neminAtha kI mUrti se sAmyatA kara jo pArzvanAtha tathA supANanAtha pratIta hote rakhatI caubIsaveM tIrthakara mahAvIra kI bhI mUrti haiM, sarpa phaNoM ke nIce kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e haiN| hai| isameM inake zIza ke pIche padma-rUpI prabhA haiM zeSa tIrthakara paMktiyoM meM prabhA toraNa ke UparI bhAga tathA inakI prAMkhoM meM cA~dI lagI huI hai| kalA para dhyAna mudrA meM pradarzita kie gae haiM / mUla mUrti kI dRSTi se yaha mUrti koI acchA udAharaNa nahIM ke donoM prora yakSa kinnara tathA yakSiNI kandarpA mAnI jA sakatI hai| mUrti ke pIche saM0 1243 kA sundara prakana prApta hai| makara toraNa ke UparI (1186 I.) ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isakA bhAga meM kalaza banA hai| mUrti ke pIche vi. saM. nirmANa vodharadeva evaM pUnasiri ke putra vahar3aka ne 1484 (1427 I0) kA lekha utkIrNa hai / kyiA thA tathA vIraprabha sUri ne isakI pratiSThApanA kI thI (naM0 67.19) / mahAvIra kI vANI ! yadi jana jana ke antas meM, ghula jAye mahAvIra kI vANI ! jhUTha, chala, kapaTa, kAlA bAjArI, kA ho jAye muMha kAlA, hiMsA, corI, anAcAra kA jaga se nikala jAya dIvAlA, sabala-nibala ke chupA-chUta ke / bhedoM para par3a jAye pAlA, asAmAjika tatvoM kI gati vidhiyoM para bhI par3a jAye tAlA sArA pApa paMka dhula jAye vaha nikale dhArA kalyANI yadi jana jana ke antas meM ghula jAye mahAvIra kI vANI ! (zrI jJAnacandra 'jJAnendra' DhAnA) 2-62 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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HOOT bhArata bhara meM jaina mUrtiyoM ke saMgraha kI dRSTi se mathurA ke pazcAt lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai| hamAre vidvAn lekhaka zrI rastogI, jo ki vahAM hI ke eka adhikArI haiM, prativarSa smArikA ke pAThakoM ko vahAM kI mahatvapUrNa kalAkRtiyoM se paricita karAte rahate haiM aura vaha paricaya bhI sacitra / isa varSa mo ve eka 11vI zatAbdI kI mahatvapUrNa manojJa mUti kA sacitra paricaya apanI ina paMktiyoM meM prastuta kara rahe haiM / mUrti ke pAda lekha meM vustAvaTa nAmaka sthAna kA ullekha hai jo prAyaH ajJAta hai| isase prAgvATa (paravAra athavA porapAva) jAti kA astitva 11vIM zatAbdI meM siddha hai| -pra. sampAdaka eka vicitra jina-vimba * zrI zailendra kumAra rastaugI, lakhanaU jisa prakAra ratnAkara ke antarAla meM agaNita (1) OM saMvat 1063 mAghasudi 13 vustAvaTa ratna chipe rahate haiN| usI prakAra se bhArata ke vAstavya prAgvATa vaNika risiya [T] hRdaya uttarapradeza kI rAjadhAnI lakSmaNapurI yA lakhanaU sthita rAjya saMgrahAlaya ke saMgraha sAgara meM (2) kakuNalya: sutena vIvaka nAmnA zrAvakena bhI asaMkhya suvikhyAta evaM ajJAta kalAratnachipe kAriteyaM zrI munisuvra (3) tasya pratimA / adhunA aisI ho durlabha eka manojJa jainakalA. ratnasvarUpA pratimA (je-776) kA paricaya arthAta savat 1063 kI mAghasudi kI trayodazI prApta kareM / pAlocya nidarzana (3'-3}"x2'x ko vustAvaTa (?) vAsI prAgvATa vaNika risiya 1-1") prAkAra kA kAle prastara para tarAzA gayA kakuNalya putra vIvAka yA vIcaka nAmaka zrAvaka ne hai / ise pradeza ke prAgarA janapada sthita muslima isa munisuvrata kI pratimA ko bnvaayaa| kile ke samIpa jamunA pulina se yahAM lAyA gayA thaa| saubhAgya se kucha aMza ko chor3akara sampUrNa iha saMdarbhita "vustAvaTa'' kahA~ hai mujhe jJAta pratimA pUrNa surakSita hai| pratimA kI caraNa caukI nahIM yadi vijJa itihAsakAroM ko isakA paricAyaka ke nIce devanAgarI lipi evaM saMskRta bhASA meM jJAta ho to anurodha hai ki isakI bhaugolika nibaddha adholikhita lekha utkIrNa hai : sthiti se mujhe bhI avagata karAne kI kRpA kreN| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17 2-63

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isI prakAra 'prAgvATa' bhI vicAraNIya pada hai caMvara dhAriyoM kA prAlekhana hai| donoM hI ke ekakintu isakA samAdhAna poravAla yA paravAra jAti eka hAtha khaMDita ho cuke haiN| pITha ke donoM prora ke rUpa meM jJAta huaa| yaha jAti Aja bhI siMhAsana ke gajamukha bane haiN| munisuvrata kI pratimA rAjasthAna meM pAyI jAtI hai| __ ke Upara kI ora dA~yI bA~yI ora vidyAdhara yU to pratimA lekha meM zrI munisuvrata kI mithuna bane haiM, malanAyaka ke zira ke pIche praSTa pratimA kI sthApanA kA ullekha hai, kintu isa padmapatroM se banA prabhAmaMDala hai isake Upara teja kalAkRti kI vilakSaNatAe, vizeSatAe' kucha maMDala bhI darzanIya hai| prabhAmaMDala ke donoM ora adhika socane ko vivaza karatI hai| mUlanAyaka kaivalya vRkSa ke eka eka patte bane hai / aura prabhAmaMDala bIsaveM tIrthaGkara suvratanAtha kA lAMchana kacchapa ke madhya meM trichatra daMDa banA hai / Upara trichatra hai (kachumA) dAMyI ora ko muha kie sanAla kamala nIce munisuvrata suzobhita haiM jisa para amRtaghaTa para banA hai / isI kI bAMyI pora dA~yI pora Amane- tadapurAnta devadu'dabhivAdaka kA aMkana hai| sAmane muha kie vastrAbhUSaNoM se saje namaskAra trichatra ke barAbara donoM ora eka-eka saje mudrA meM kramazaH strI puruSa virAjamAna haiN| puruSa ke DAr3hI hai| ThIka kacchapa ke Upara hI SoDaza pAroM kA __ hue hAthI (airAvata) jina para savAra haiM / bA~yI cakra hai jisake bIca se vastra bAhara ko nikalA huA ora do savAra bhI haiM pichalA savAra kalaza lie hai, aisA ho sakatA hai ki indra mUlanAyaka hai| cakra ke Upara vatAkAra meM nakkAzI kA veSTana kI abhyarthanA hetu amRta lA rahA ho| dasarI tarapha bhI aisA banA hogA kintu isa samaya khaMDita hI hai / taduparAnta prAsana kA bhAra vahana karane vAle dosiMha bane haiN| jo eka paira ko uThAe hue haiM tathA taduparAnta mUlanAyaka ke aMkana ke Upara do donoM hI ke muha sAmane ko khule hue haiN| isake khambhoM kA sahAyatA se mandira yA garbhagaha banA pAsa hI donoM ora eka-eka alaMkRta stambha the hai jisake bhItara dhyAnastha jina bane haiM / inake donoM kintu dA~yI ora kA stambha TUTa gayA hai| prAsana aora caturbhujI eka-eka deva pratimAeM bhI banI caukI para sAmane kI ora tIna bar3e phUla haiM jo pAMca hai| bAMyI ora kI mUrti ke hAthoM meM gadA, zaMkhAdi laghu puSpoM ke gucche haiM bAkI bhAga ko choTe cAra- bane haiM dAyI tarapha kI mUrti ke sira para sarpaphaNa, khAnoM se sajAyA gayA hai aura bIcoMbIca meM hala, mUsala, pAtra Adi bane haiN| isa prakAra kramazaH manakoM kA aMkana hai| isI ke nIce Asana kA bichA ye zrIkRSNa evaM balarAma ke rUpa meM pahacAne jA vastra laTaka rahA hai jisa para vakra rekhAoM kA sakate haiM / astu bIca meM dhyAnastha jina neminAtha manohArI vilekhana hai aura tIna kIrtimukhoM ke muha bhagavAna svayaM siddha ho jAte haiN| inhIM balarAma se nikalane vAlI muktAlar3iyoM ko darzAyA hai| zrIkRSNa ke nikaTa hI vINA evaM bAMsurI vAdaka bhI tatpazcAt kamala para dhyAnastha munisuvratanAtha ko bane haiM / neminAthajI kI vedI ke ThIka Upara bar3A baiThAyA gayA hai| munisuvratanAtha ke vakSasthala para kIrtimukha hai jisake mukha se motiyoM kI moTI baTI zrIvatsa evaM zira para ghugharAle keza hai| mUla- huI lar3I donoM ora nIce ko jA rahI hai tathA nIce nAyakocita bhAva kA saphala citraNa hai| mukha se eka-eka puruSa ise dRr3hatA se pakar3e bane haiN| yadyapi zAnti evaM karuNA ko prabhA phUTI par3atI hai / mUla. ina puruSoM ke UparI bhAga TUTa cuke haiM kintu nicale nAyaka ke bA~e evaM dA~e eka jaisI veza sajjA vAle bhAga zeSa haiN| 2-64 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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munisuvratanAtha kI pratimA saMvata 1036 prAgarA rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU ke saujanya se chAyAzilpI- zrI rajjana kramAMka je. 776 www.Jainelibrary.org

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tatpazcAt mukuTa, keyUra, adhovastrAdi se zAsanadevI tathA sarasvatI ina sabhI ko vAhanapariveSTiTata kAyotsarga mudrA meM kamala para donoM vihIna darzAyA hai / mora eka 2 divya puruSa khar3e haiM / ina para trichatra yA jahAM taka sarasvatI kI vAhana hInatA kA kaivalya vRkSa nahIM banA hai / ye kauna haiM inheM pahacAnanA / __ saMbaMdha hai to isI saMgrahAlaya meM (je-24) sarasvatI kaThina pratIta hotA hai| kahIM jIvantasvAmI yA indra jo kuSANa kAlIna haiM usa para bhI vAhana nahIM hai| to nahIM hai ? inhIM ke nIce donoM prora eka-eka kintu jaina pratibhAzAstrIya mata kA ullaghana kAyotsarga mudrA meM kamala para khar3e tIrthaGkara haiN| inake kalAkAra kA abhiprAya nahIM pratIta hotA apitu zrIvatsa banA hai, Upara trichatra evaM kaivalyavRkSa hai / aisA lagatA hai ki zAsana devatA aura deviyoM ko adhovastra ko bhI darzAyA hai| isa prakAra se yaha bhaktoM ke adhika samIpa lAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai pratimA zvetAmbara matAnusAra banAyI gaI pratIta hotI kyoki inhIM se bhakta apanI sIdhe prArthanA kara hai / ina tIrthaGkara pratimAnoM ke mukhamaMDala se tapa kI sakatA hai| kaI mukha bhI zAyada isI kAraNa se tejasvitA prasphurita hotI hai| nahIM pAte hai| yadyapi jaina pratimA zAstrIya granthoM malanAyaka ke parikara ke baoNyI prora uparokta meM yahAM banI kRtiyoM ke anusAra varNana nahIM pAte kaivalI pratimA ke nIce siMhavara addha paryakAsIna haiN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki anya matoM ke prabhAva ke dvibhujI ambikA kA akana hai jinakI bAyI tarapha kAraNa isI taraha se inheM banAyA ho| goda meM bAlaka hai tathA daoNyI hAtha se pAza pakar3e haiN| inake pAsa cavaradhAriNI banI hai jo Upara prastu, yahAM para rUpAyita prAkRtiyoM ke se khaMDita hai| kintu hAtha meM ca~vara spaSTa hai| alakaraNa, keza vinyAsa bhAva, mudrAdi para vicAra karane para yaha kalAkRti cauhAna yugIna pratIta dAMyI tarapha moDhe para dvibhujI varuNa zAsana hotI hai| kyoki anya sthaloM se upalabdha isI devatA haiM jinake eka hAtha meM nevalA tathA kI zailI se paripUrNa pratimAe cauhAna rAja dUsare meM nidhipAtra yA bar3A nIbU banA hai| dAMyI kulIna kalA se sambaddha kalAvidoM dvArA ThaharAyI mora hI tribhaMgamudrA meM khar3I, vastrAbhUSaNoM se gaI hai| samalaMkRta dvibhujI eka kara meM pustaka lie tathA dUsare meM vastra yA pAza ? jaisI vastu lie devI kA jaisA ki Upara nivedita ho cukA hai ki pAlekhana hai| uparokta nidarzana jamunA ke taTa se prApta hamA hai| isI ke nikaTa prAja bhI aitihAsika kilA khar3A devI ke hAtha meM pustaka kA honA isa bAta kA hai| isa viSaya para maiMne labdha pratiSThita jaina saMskRti spaSTa pramANa hai ki yaha jJAna kI devI zAradA ke mUrdhanya vidvAna DaoN. jyotiprasAdajI jaina kA hI prakana hai | inheM zru tadevI mAnA jA sakatA se phona para carcA kii| unhoMne sadaiva kI bhAMti hai / aisA lagatA hai ki bhagavAna ke zrImukha se nisRta saralatA se merA patha pAlokita kara diyaa| amRtavANI ke prasaraNa hetu sarasvatI devI ko yahAM unakA mata hai ki Agare kA vartamAna kilA hI para rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai / zItalanAtha jI kA prAcIna maMdira thA kintu __isa prakAra se yahAM para itanA spaSTa ho jAtA muslimakAla meM use dhvasta kara prAja kA Agare hai / patA nahIM kalAkara ne kyoM zAsana devatA va kA kilA banA hai| isakA usa samaya "bAdalagar3ha mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-65

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kA kilA nAma thaa| yaha vicAra isa kRti ke saMkSepa meM yaha kRti munisuvrata ke atirikta prApti pariveza ko sahaja hI spaSTa kara detA hai| tIna anya tIrthaGkaroM jinameM eka neminAtha tathA do anya, ke alAvA jIvantasvAmI yA indra, yakSapratimA ke abhilekha kA saMvat 1063 kA yakSI, sarasvatI prAdi ke samupasthiti ke sAtha hI 1006 I0 par3atA hai jisa samaya dillI evaM tatkAlIna loka-saMskRti ko unmukha karane vAlI rAjasthAna para cauhAna zAsanakAla thaa| isa prakAra vastrAbhUSaNa, kezakalApa, ceharoM ko bhAvabhaMgimA, se prastuta cauhAnakAlIna kalAkRti na nirmama yathA, mudrAoM, utkIrNa prabhilekha prAdi se susampanna kAla ke prabhAva ko viphala karane meM saphala huI hokara eka manojJa kalA ratna sahaja hI siddha ho apitu mUrti bhajaMkoM se bhI surakSita rahI jo kama jAtI hai / aisI pradvitIya racanA ko 'eka vicitra acaraja kI bAta nahIM haiN| aba to yaha rAjya jina-vimba" se sambodhita karanA kyA ucita na saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU kI akSaya nidhi hai| hogA? 1. 2. yadi va ko ca mAna leM to| isa sUcanA hetu maiM apane pUjya guruvayaM DaoN0 jyotiprasAda jaina kA kRtajJa huuN| sudhI pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki yadi pahacAna kara sUcita kareM to anugRhIta houuNgaa| isa sujhAva ke lie maiM apane parama mitra DaoN0 vrajendranAtha zarmA, kIpara, nezanala myUjiyama, naI dillI kA ati prAbhArI huuN| ahiMsA nahIM hai hiMsA kA nakArAtmaka bodha ahiMsA eka maulika zodha cintya hai jisameM dRSTi se pare darzana jIvana se pare prAtmA jisakI mImAMsA anekAnta bhUmikA sarvodaya -zrI seThiyA 2-66 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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site zramaNa saMskRti ko prAcInatA ko puSTa pramANoM se pramANita karate viduSI lekhikA ne batAyA hai ki mohanajodaDo aura haDappA kI khudAI se prApta avazeSoM se yaha bhalI prakAra pramANita hai ki pAryoM ke kathita bhArata prAgamana se pUrva bhI yahAM eka samRddha sabhya aura susaMskRta sabhyatA thii| loga prAtmavidyA ke prakANDa vidvAn the / ye loga bhamaraNa saMskRti se sambaddha the isa kI prabalatama saMbhAvanA hai| pra0 sampAdaka zramaNa saMskRti ko prAcInatA zrImatI candrakalA jaina, jayapura mohanajodar3o aura har3appA ke dhvaMsAvazeSoM ne yaha to sarvasammata rUpa se pramANita kara diyA hai purAtatva ke kSetra meM eka naI halacala paidA kara dI ki kisI yuga meM uttarI kSetroM se bahuta bar3I saMkhyA hai| jahAM Aja taka sabhI prakAra kI prAcIna sAMskR- meM Arya loga bhAratavarSa meM paaye| una logoM kI tika dhAraNAeM prAryoM ke parikara meM bandhI thI, vahAM eka vyavasthita sabhyatA thii| yahAM ke AdivAsI para khudAI se prApta una avazeSoM ne yaha pramANita logoM ko unhoMne sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, prAthika kara diyA hai ki pAryoM ke kathita bhArata prAgamana prAdi sabhI kSetroM meM parAsta kiyA aura uttara se ke pUrva yahAM eka samRddha saMskRti aura sabhyatA thii| dakSiNa taka samagra deza meM apanI saMskRti kA prabhAva usa saMskRti ke mAnane vAle mAnava susabhya, susaMskRta bddhaayaa| yaha vahI sabhyatA hai jise loga vaidika aura kalAvid hI nahIM the apitu prAtmavidyA ke sabhyatA ke nAma se abhihita karate haiN| bhI prakANDa paNDita the| purAtatva vidoM ke anusAra prAga mArya sabhyatA-isa gaveSaNA ke sAthajo avazeSa mile haiM, unakA sIdhA sambandha zramaNa sAtha aba taka yaha tathya bhI jur3A huA thA ki saMskRti se hai| Aja yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki prAryoM ke prAgamana se pUrva isa bhAratavarSa meM koI pAryoM ke prAgamana ke pUrva hI zramaNa saMskRti bhArata samunnata sabhyatA yA saMskRti nahIM thii| jaina aura varSa meM atyanta vikasita avasthA meM thii| purAtatva bauddha paramparAeM bhI isI saMskRti kI utkrAntiyAMsAmagrI se hI nahIM apitu Rgveda prAdi vaidika mAtra haiN| ina dinoM meM jisa prakAra itihAsa karavaTa sAhitya se bhI isa sambandha meM paryApta sAmagrI le rahA hai usase yaha spaSTa hotA jA rahA hai ki milatI hai| prAryoM ke prAgamana se pUrva yahAM eka samunnata saMskRti prAryoM kA prAgamana-moksamUlara, maikaDAnala aura sabhyatA vidyamAna thii| vaha saMskRti ahiMsA, tathA anya pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI gaveSaNAmoM ne satya aura tyAga para mAdhArita thii| yahAM taka ki mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-67

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usa saMskRti meM pale-puse loga apane sAmAjika, matiyoM ke sAtha baila bhI aMkita haiM jo RSabha kA rAjanaitika Arthika evaM dhArmika hitoM ke saMrakSaNa pUrva rUpa ho sakatA hai| ke lie bhI yuddha karanA pasanda nahIM karate the| ahiMsA unake dainika jIvana-vyavahAra kA pramukha isI para DA. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne apanI hindu maMga thii| sabhyatA nAmaka pustaka meM likhA hai : zrI candA ne 6 anya moharoM para khar3I huI matiyoM kI ora bhI dainika jIvana kI dizA meM bhI ve loga pragati dhyAna dilAyA hai / phalaka 12 aura 118 prAkRti ke zikhara para the| unake AvAsa, grAma aura nagara 7 (mArzala kRti mohanajodaDo) kAyotsarga nAmaka vyavasthita the aura ve hAthI va ghor3oM kI savArI bhI yogAsana meM khar3e hue devatAoM ko sUcita karatI karate the| unake pAsa AvAgamana ke sAdhana bhI hai| yaha mudrA jaina yogiyoM kI tapazcaryA meM vishessthe| yahAM taka ki unameM bhakti mora punarjanma ke rUpa se milatI hai, jaise mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM sthApita vicAroM kA bhI vikAsa thaa| tIrtha kara zrI RSabhadeva kI mUrtiyA~ / RSabha kA artha hai baila jo prAdinAtha kA lakSaNa hai| muhara zramaNa saMskRti aura purAtatva-sindhaghATI ke saMkhyA F.G.H. phalaka do para aMkita devamUrti meM utkhanana ke sahayogI zrI rAmaprasAda candA ne apane eka bela hI banA hai| sambhava hai yaha RSabha kA eka lekha meM likhA hai-mohanajodaDo se prApta lAla hI pUrva rUpa ho| yadi aisA ho to zaMva dharma kA pASANa kI mUrti, jise pUjArI kI mati samajha mUla bhI tAmra-yugIna sindhu sabhyatA taka calA liyA gayA hai, mujhe eka yogI kI mUrti pratIta hotI jAtA hai / hai| vaha mujhe isa niSkarSa para pahuMcane ke lie vaidika sAhitya meM zramaNa tatva prerita karatI hai ki sindhughATI meM usa samaya yogAbhyAsa hotA thA aura yogI kI madrA meM vAtya-atharvaveda meM vrAtya zabda kA kaI bAra mUrtiyAM pUjI jAtI thiiN| mohanajodaDo aura haDappA prayoga huA hai / hamArI dRSTi se yaha zabda zramaNa se prApta mohareM jina para manuSya rUpa meM devoM kI paramparA se hI sambandhita honA caahie| prAkRti prakita hai, mere isa niSkarSa ko pramANita vAtya zabda arvAcIna kAla meM prAcAra aura karatI hai| saMskAroM se hIna mAnavoM ke lie vyavahRta hotA rahA hai |abhidhaan cintAmaNi koza meM bhI yahI artha sindhughATI se prApta moharoM para baiThI avasthA kiyA gayA hai| manusmRtikAra ne likhA hai - meM akita mUrtiyAM hI yoga kI mudrA meM nahIM hai kSatriya, vaizya aura brAhmaNa yogya avasthA prApta kintu khar3I avasthA meM aMkita mUrtiyAM bhI yoga kI karane para bhI asaMskRta haiM kyoMki ve vrAtya haiM aura kAyotsarga mudrA ko batalAtI haiN| mathurA myUjiyama ve pAryoM ke dvArA gaharaNIya haiM / ' Age likhA haimeM dUsarI zatI kI kAyotsarga meM sthita RSabhadeva jo brAhmaNa, satati upanayana Adi vratoM se rahita jina kI eka mUrti hai / isa mUrti kI zailI sindhu se ho usa guru mantra se paribhraSTa vyakti ko vrAtya nAma prApta moharoM para prakita khaDI huI deva mUrtiyoM kI se nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai / tANDya brAhmaNa meM eka zailI se bilkula milatI hai| RSabha yA vRSabha kA vrAtya stotra hai jisakA pATha karane se azuddha vrAtya artha baila hotA hai aura RSabhadeva tIrtha kara kA bhI zuddha aura susaMskRta hokara yajJa Adi karane kA cihna baila hai| mohara naM. 3 se 5 taka kI deva. adhikArI ho jAtA hai / isa para bhASya karate hue 2-68 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17

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sAyaNa ne bhI vrAtya kA artha prAcArahIna kiyA hai, vaha vrAtya hai / 17 DA. hevara prastuta zabda kA hai|10 artha likhate haiM--vrAtya kA artha vratoM meM dIkSita hai upayukta sabhI ullekhoM meM vrAtya kA artha arthAt jisane AtmAnuzAsana kI dRSTi se svecchA pUrvaka vrata svIkAra kiye hoM vaha vrAtya hai / 18 yaha prAcArahIna batAyA gayA hai jabaki inase pUrvavartI __ nirvivAda satya hai ki vratoM kI paramparA zramaraNa jo grantha haiM unameM yaha artha nahIM haiM, apitu vidvattama, __saMskRti kI maulika dena hai| DA. harmana jekobI mahAdhikArI puNyazIla aura vizvasammAnya prAdi kI yaha kalpanA ki jainoM ne apane vrata brAhmaNoM se mahatvapUrNa vizeSaNa vrAtya ke lie vyavahRta hue| 35 lie haiN| nirAdhAra kalpanA hI hai| vAstavika hai| 11 vrAtyakANDa kI bhUmikA meM prAcArya sAyaNa satya usameM nahIM hai| ahiMsA Adi vratoM kI ne likhA hai-- isameM vrAtya kI stuti kI gaI hai| paramparA brAhmaNa saMskRti kI nahIM, jaina saMskRti upanayana prAdi se hIna mAnava vrAtya kahalAtA hai| kI dena hai / veda brAhmaNa aura prAraNyaka aise mAnava ko vaidika kRtyoM ke lie anadhikArI sAhitya meM kahIM para bhI vratoM kA ullekha aura sAmAnyataH patita mAnA jAtA hai| parantu nahIM pAyA hai upaniSadoM, purANoM aura smRtiyoM meM koI vrAtya aisA ho jo vidvAn aura tapasvI ho, jo ullekha milatA hai vaha sArA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha brAhmaNa usase bhale hI dveSa kare parantu vaha sarvapUjya ke pazcAta kA hai| bhagavAna pArzva kI vrata paramparA hogA aura devAdhideva paramAtmA ke tulya hogaa| kA upaniSadoM para prabhAva par3A aura unhoMne use yaha spaSTa hai ki atharvaveda ke vrAtya-kANDa kA svIkAra kara liyA / yahI tathya zrI rAmadhArI siMha sambandha kisI brAhmaNetara paramparA se hai / vrAtya ne dinakara ne nimna zabdoM meM batAyA hai-'hindutva apane paryaTana meM prajApati ko bhI preraNA dI aura jainadharma prApasa meM ghulamilakara itane ekAkAra thii|13 usa prajApati ne apane meM suvarNa pAtmA ho gaye haiM ki Aja kA sAdhAraNa hindU yaha jAnatA ko dekhaa|14 bhI nahIM ki ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura prazna uThatA hai ki yaha vrAtya kauna hai jisane aparigraha ye jainadharma ke upadeza the, hindutva ke prajApati ko preraNA dI ? DA. sampUrNAnanda vrAtya kA artha paramAtmA karate haiM 13 aura baladeva vAtya prAsIdIyamAna evaM sa prajApati samairaupAdhyAya bhI usI artha ko svIkAra karate haiM.16 kintu vrAtya kANDa kA parizIlana karane para prastuta yat" isa sUtra meM "pAsIdIyamAna" zabda kA prayoga kathana yuktiyukta pratIta nahIM hotA / vrAtya-kANDa meM huaA hai / usakA artha hai-paryaTana karatA humA / jo varNana hai vaha paramAtmA kA nahIM apitu kisI yaha zabda zramaNa saMskRti ke santa kA nirdeza karatA dehadhArI kA hai| hamArI dRSTi se usa vyakti kA hai / zramaNa saMkRti kA santa Adi kAla se hI nAma RSabhadeva hai / kyoMki bhagavAna RSabhadeva eka pakkA ghumakkar3a rahA hai / dhUmanA usake jIvana kI pradhAnacaryA rahI hai| vaha pUrva, pazcima 22 varSa taka tapasyA meM sthira rahe the| eka varSa taka uttara aura dakSiNa Adi dizAoM meM apratibaddha nirAhAra rahane para bhI zarIra kI pRSTi aura dIpti rUpa se paribhramaNa karatA hai| prAgama sAhitya meM kama nahIM huI thii| aneka sthaloM para use apratibandha bihArI kahA hai| vrAtya zabda kA mUla vrata hai| vrata kA artha varSAvAsa ke samaya ko chor3akara zeSa pATha mAha taka dhArmika saMkalpa, aura jo saMkalpoM meM sAdhu hai, kuzala vaha eka grAma se dUsare grAma, eka nagara se dUsare nagara nhiiN|20 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-69

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bhASA vicaratA rahatA hai / 24 bhramaNa karanA usake lie prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke I. zrI hro krIta klAnta kleza prazasta mAnA gayA hai / mlAnasvapnasparzaharhigaSu' (prAkRta prakAza 3.62), DA. grIphitha ne vrAtya ko dhArmika puruSa ke rUpa sUtra ke anusAra ra ha ke madhya ikAra kA Agama meM mAnA hai / 26 epha. prAI sinde ne vrAtyoM ko hokara 'arihaMta' tathA prAkRta kI paramparA ke anusAra prAryoM se pRthaka mAnA hai| ve likhate haiM - vastutaH prakAra kA prAgama hokara 'arahaMta' rUpa prAkRta bhASA vrAtya karmakANDI brAhmaNoM se pRthak the| kintu meM banate haiN| atharvaveda ne unheM prAryoM meM sammilita hI nahIM kiyA, prAcArya kundakunda ne prAkRta bhASA meM isakA eka unameM se uttama sAdhanA karane vAloM ko uccatama rUpa 'aruha' bhI prayoga kiyA hai-'aruhA siddhApariyoM sthAna bhI diyA hai 127 (mokSa pAhuDa 6/104) sambhavata: isa prahA zabda vrAtyaloga vratoM ko mAnate the, pahantoM (santoM) para tamila kA prabhAva ho / kI upAsanA karate the aura prAkRta bhASA bolate the| 'arhan' zabda ke vibhinna bhASAmoM meM aneka rUpa unake santa brAhmaNa sUtroM ke anusAra brAhmaNa aura kSatriya the|28 vrAtyakANDa meM pUrNa brahmacArI ko vrAtya isa prakAra dekhane meM Ate haiM-- kahA hai 129 niSkarSa yaha hai ki prAcInakAla meM vrAtya zabda saMskRta arhana prAkRta kA prayoga zramaNa saMskRti ke anuyAyI zramaNoM ke arihaMta tathA prarahata pAli lie hotA rahA hai| atharvaveda ke vrAtya kANDa meM arahanta jaina-zaurasenI rUpaka kI bhASA meM bhagavAn RSabha kA hI jIvana udRGkita kiyA gayA hai / bhagavAn RSabha ke prati mAgadhI pralahata tathA alihaMta apabhrazaM vaidika RSi prArambha se hI niSThAvAna rahe haiM aura alahatu tathA alihatu tamila unheM ve devAdhideva ke rUpa meM mAnate rahe haiM / aruha kannar3a aruhaMta, praha jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke paramArAdhya deva haiM / isI kAraNa anAdinidhana mantra meM inheM sarva- arahaMta zabda kA prati prAcIna itihAsa hai| prathama namaskAra kiyA gayA hai-'Namo arahatANaM jaina vAGmaya ke ati prAcIna granthoM meM to isa zabda Namo siddhANaM' / arahaMta zabda prAkRta hai| isakA kA prayoga huaA hI hai, kintu vaidika, bauddha evaM saMskRta rUpa hai 'arhan' / 'ahaM pUjAyAm' arthAt-pUjA- saMskRta vAGamaya meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga upalabdha rthaka 'ahaM' dhAtu se 'prahaH prazaMsAyAm' pANinI-sUtra hotA hai / se prazaMsA artha meM 'zatR' pratyaya hokara 'arhat' zabda vinobA bhAve ne Rgveda ke eka mantra kA niSpanna hotA hai / prathamA ke eka vacana meM 'ugidacA' uddharaNa dete hue jaina dharma kI prAcInatA siddha kI sarvanAmasthAne dhAtoH' pANini se num' kA prAgama hai / ve kahate haiM- Rgveda meM bhagavAna kI prArthanA meM hokara 'arhan' pada banatA hai| sambodhana eka vacana eka jagaha kahA gayA hai-arhana idaM dayase vizva. meM bhI 'mahan' rUpa banatA hai| mbam' (Rgveda 214132110) he ahana tuma isa prAkRta bhASA meM 'zatR' pratyaya ke sthAna para tuccha duniyA para dayA karate ho isameM pahana aura 'sta' pratyaya hokara 'arhata' rUpa banatA hai| sAtha meM dayA donoM jainoM ke priya zabda haiM, merI to mAnyatA praha 2-70 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17

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hai ki jitanA hindU dharma prAcIna hai zAyada utanA hI jaina dharma prAcIna hai / Rgveda kA upayukta mantra isa prakAra haizran viSa sAyakAni dhanvArha niSkaM yajata vizvarUpam / mahaM nidaM dayase vizvambaM na vA zrI jI pro rudra tvadanyadasti || - Rgveda 214133110 'pratiSThAtilaka ke karttA prAcArya nemicandra Rgveda ke uparyukta mantra se pratyanta prabhAvita pratIta hote haiN| unhoMne upayukta mantra ke prAyaH samasta padoM ko grahaNa karake anta ke guNoM kA nimna prakAra vistAra se varNana kiyA hai man vibharSi mohArividhvaMsinayasAyakAn / anekAntadhoti nirbAdha pramANodAradhanuH ca / / tatastvameva devAsi yuktizAstrAvirodhivAk / dRSTeSTabAdhiteSTAH syuH sarvathaikAntavAdinaH // zrahaM niSkamivAtmAnaM bahirantarma lakSayam / vizvarUpaM ca vizvArthe veditaM labhase sadA // arhannidaM ca dayase vizvamabhyaMtarAzrayam / nRsurAsurasaMghAtaM mokSamArgopadezanAt // brahmAsurajI vAnyo deza rudrastvadasti 132 he an zrApa ! moha- zatru ko naSTa karane vAle 'naya' rUpI bAraNoM ko dhAraNa karate ho tathA anekAnta ko prakAzita karane vAle nirbAdha pramANa rUpa vizAla dhanuSa ke dhAraka ho / mukti evaM zAstra se zraviruddha vacana hone ke kAraNa Apa hI hamAre zrArAdhya deva ho / sarvathA ekAntavAdI hamAre devatA nahIM ho sakate kyoMki unakA upadeza pratyakSa evaM anumAna se bAdhita hai / he zrApa ! aisI zrAtmA ko dhAraNa karate ho jo niSkachi arthAt zrAbhUSaNa yA ratna kI taraha prakAzamAna hai bAhya aura antaH mala se rahita hai aura jo samasta vizva ke padArthoM ko eka sAtha mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 nirantara jAnatA hai / he prarhan, prApa! manuSya, sura evaM asura sabhI ko mokSamArga kA upadeza dete ho, ataH vimbha para dayA bhAva se paripUrNa ho zrApa se anya koI brahma athavA asura ko jItane vAlA balavAna devatA nahIM hai / ' Rgveda ke anya sthAnoM para bhI zrahan zabda kA prayoga milatA hai an devAn yakSi mAnuSat pUrvo zradya / 33 to ye sudAnavo naro asAmi zava saH / '34 zrahantA citrodadhe zeva devA vartane / '35 Rgveda ke uparyukta uddharaNoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki RgvedakAla meM jaina dharmAvalambI anta kI upAsanA karate the / varAhamihirasaMhitA, 36 yogavAsiSTha, 37 vAyuzrImadbhAgavata 39 padmapurANa, 40 facu purANa, 38 purANa 41 skandapurANa, 42 matsyapurANa 44 aura devIbhAgavata mata kA ullekha milatA hai / zivapurANa 18 meM bhI grahana viSNu purANa anusAra loga zrAt dharmako mAnane vAle the / unako mAyAmoha nAmaka kisI vyakti vizeSa ne Arhata dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA / 46 ve sAmaveda, yajurveda zraura Rgveda meM zraddhA nahIM rakhate the / 47 ve yajJa zraura pazu bali meM bhI vizvAsa nahIM rakhate the / 18 ahiMsA dharma meM unakA pUrNa vizvAsa thA / 49 ve zrAddha aura karmakANDa kA virodha karate the | 50 mAyAmoha ne zranekAntavAda kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA thaa| 51 Rgveda meM asuroM ko vaidika prAryoM kA zatru kahA hai 152 ke bauddha vAG maya meM arahanta zabda mahAtmA buddha lie prayukta prayoga hai / arahanta ke jo guNa pAli sAhitya meM kahe gaye haiM ve bahuta prazoM meM jaina arahanta ke guNoM se samAnatA rakhate haiM / pAli bhASA ke bauddha prAgama (tripiTaka), 'dhammapada' meM 'arahanta go' nAmaka eka prakararaNa hai isameM daza gAthAnoM meM 2 71

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prarahanta kA varNana kiyA hai / dhammapada ke anusAra taittirIyAraNyaka meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke arahanta vaha hai jisane apanI jIvana yAtrA samApta ziSyoM ko vAtarazana RSi aura urdhvamaMthI kahA karalI hai, jo zoka rahita hai, jo saMsAra se mukta hai hai|56 jisane saba prakAra ke parigraha chor3a diye haiM aura jo kaSTa rahita haiM vAtarazana muni vaidika paramparA ke nahIM the kyoMki vaidika paramparA meM saMnyAsa aura muni pada __ gataddhino visokassa vippamuttassa sabbadhi / ko pahale sthAna nahIM thaa|' sabbagantha pahInassa parilAhoM na vijjati / / " -dhammapada prarahanta baggo 921 zramaraNa zramaNa zabda kA ullekha taittirIyAraNyaka aura vAtarazanA zrImad bhagavAna ke sAtha hI vRhadAraNyaka upaniSada zrImadbhAgavata purANa meM likhA hai svayaM rAmAyaNa58 meM bhI milatA hai / iNDo grIka aura bhagavAna viSNu mahArAjA nAbhi ko priya karane ke iNDo sIthiyana ke samaya bhI jaina-dharma zramaNa dharma lie unake ranivAsa meM mahAganI marudevI ke garbha ke nAma se pracalita thaa| maMgasthanIja ne apanI meM pAe / unhoMne vAtarazanA zramaNa RSiyoM ke dharma bhArata yAtrA ke samaya do prakAra ke mukhya dArzanikoM ko prakaTa karane kI icchA se yaha avatAra grahaNa kA ullekha kiyA hai / zramaNa aura brAhmaNa usa yuga kiyA 153 ke mukhya dArzanika the / 59 usa samaya una zramaNoM kA Rgveda kI RcAe isa prakAra haiM bahuta prAdara hotA thaa| kAla bruka ne jaina sampradAya munayo vAtarazanA: pizaMgA vasate malA / para vicAra karate hue maigasthanIja dvArA ullikhita vAtasyAnu dhAjim yanti yaddevAso avikSata // zramaNa sambandhI anuccheda ko uddhRta karatehue likhA unmaditA maune yana vAtAM prA tasthimA vayam / hai ki zramaNa vana meM rahate the sabhI prakAra ke vyasanoM zarIredasmAMka yUyaM bhartAso abhi pazyatha / / se alaga the| rAjA loga unako bahuta mAnate the aura devatA kI bhAMti unakI pUjA mora stuti karate arthAt pratIndriyArthadarzI vAta razanA muni the 160 mala dhAraNa karate hai jisase piMgalavarNa vAle dikhAI dete haiN| jaba vAyu kI gati ko prANosanA dvArA kezI dhAraNa kara lete haiM arthAt roka dete haiM taba ve apane jambUdvIpa prajJapti ke varNanAnusAra bhagavAna sapa kI mahimA se dIptimAna hokara devatA svarUpa RSabhadeva jaba zramaNa bane to unhoMne cAra muSTi ko prApta ho jAte haiM / sarvatra laukika vyavahAra ko kezoM kA loca kiyA thA / sAmAnyataH pAMca-muSTi chor3akara ve mauneya kI anubhUti meM kahate haiM / keza loMca kI paramparA hai bhagavAna kezoM kA loMca "munibhAva se pramudita hokara hama vAyu meM sthita ho kara rahe the| donoM bhAgoM kA keza loMca karanA gaye haiN| mayoM ! tuma hamArA zarIra mAtra dekhate avazeSa thaa| usa samaya prathama devaloka ke indra ho|" rAmAyaNa kI TIkA meM jina vAtavasana muniyoM zakendra ne bhagavAna se mivedana kiyA itanI sundara kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve Rgveda meM variNata vAta- kezarAzi ko rahane deN| bhagavAna ne indra kI razana muni hI jJAta hote haiM / unakA varNana ukta prArthanA se usako usI prakAra rahane diyA / yahI varNana se mela bhI khAtA haiN|54 kezI muni bhI kAraNa hai ki keza rakhane ke kAraNa unakA eka vAtarazana kI zreNI ke hI the / nAma kezariyAjI huprA / jaise siMha apane kezoM ke 2-72 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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kAraNa kesarI kahalAtA hai vaise hI bhagavAna RSabha kezI, kesarI aura kezariyAnAtha ke nAma se vizruta haiM / Rgveda meM bhagavAna RSabhanAtha kI stuti kezI ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai 162 vAtarazanA prakaraNa meM prastuta ullekha AyA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki kezI RSabhadeva hI the / anyatra Rgveda meM hit prora vRSabha kA eka sAtha ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai / mudgala RSi kI gAe (indriyAM ) curAI jA rahI thiiN| usa samaya kezI ke sArathI RSabha ke vacana se ve apane sthAna para lauTa pAyIM / prarthAt RSabha ke upadeza se ve indriyAM zrantamukhI ho gayI 63 RRgveda meM bhagavAna RSabha kA ullekha aneka bAra huA hai 164 vaidika AryoM ke bhAgamana ke pUrva bhArata varSa meM sabhya ghora asabhya ye do jAtiyAM thIM / prasura nAga aura draviDa ye nagaroM meM rahane ke kAraNa sabhya jAtiyAM kahalAtI thIM aura dAsa prAdi jaMgaloM meM nivAsa karane ke kAraNa asabhya jAtiyAM kahalAtI thIM / sabhyatA aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se prasura atyadhika unnata the / prAtmavidyA ke bhI jAnakAra the 185 zaktizAlI hone ke kAraNa vaidika pAyeM ko unase pratyadhika kSati uThAnI paDI / vaidika vAGmaya meM deva-dAnavoM kA jo yuddha varNana prAyA hai, hamArI dRSTi se yaha yuddha asura aura vaidika zrAryoM kA yuddha hai| vaidika AryoM ke zrAgamana ke sAtha hI prasuroM ke sAtha jo yuddha chir3A vaha kucha hI dinoM meM samApta nahIM ho gayA, apitu vaha saMgharSa 300 varSa taka calatA rahA 66 prAryoM kA indra pahale bahuta zakti sampanna nahIM thA 167 etadartha prArambha meM zrAyaM loga parAjita hote rahe the| 68 mahAbhArata ke anusAra asura rAjAnoM kI eka lambI paramparA rahI hai / 69 aura ve sabhI rAjAgaraNa vrata parAyaNa, bahuzruta lokezvara the | 70 padmapurANa ke anusAra asura loga hAra svIkAra karane ke pazcAt narmadA ke taTa para nivAsa karane lage 171 1. Ancient India (An Ancient History of India Part 1 ) upayukta vivaraNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate hai ki zramaNa saMskRti bhArata kI eka mahAna saMskRti aura sabhyatA hai jo prAk aitihAsika kAla se hI bhArata ke vividha pracaloM meM phalatI dhaura phUlatI rahI hai| jaina saMskRti, jise zramaNa saMskRti kahA gayA hai, vaidika praura bauddha saMskRti se pUrva ko saMskRti hai, bhArata kI zrAdi saMskRti hai / By Majumdar, Roy Chudhary and K.C. Datta, p. 23. 2. The Religion of Ahinsa, By prof. A. Chakaravarti p. 17. 3. Mohan-Jo-dro and the Indus Civilization (1931) vol. I p.p. 93-95. 4. Ancient India ( An Ancient History of India, Part I ) 5. paM. kailAzacanda zAstrI kA lekha " zramaNa paramparA kI prAcInatA" anekAnta varSa 28 ki. 1 go 113-114 1 7. zrata UrdhvaM trayo'pyete yathAkAlam saMskRtAH / sAvitrIpatitA vrAtyA bhavantyArtha vigarhitAH // mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 6. vrAtyaH saMskAravarjitaH / vrate sAdhuH kAlo vrAtyaH / tatra bhavo vrAtyaH prAyazcittArhaH saMskAro'tra upanayanaM tena varjitaH / -mabhidhAna cintAmariNakoSa 3/518 - -- manusmRti 1 / 518 2-73

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8. dvijAtaya: savarNAsu, janayantyavratAMstu tAn / tAn sAvitrI paribhraSTAn bAhyAnIti vinirdizet / -- manusmRti 10/20 9. hInA vA ete / hIyante ye vrAtyAM pravasanti / SoDazo vA etat stomaH samAptumarhati / 10. vrAtyAn vrAtyatAM zrAcArahInatAM prApya pravasantaH pravAsaM kurvataH / -- tANDya mahAbrAhmaNa sAyaNa bhASya 11. kaJcid vidvattamaM mahAdhikAraM, puNyazIlaM vizvasaMmAnyaM / brAhmaNa viziSTaM vrAtyamanulakSya vacanamiti maMtavyam // 12. vahI 15 / 1 /1/1 13. vrAtya prAsIdIyamAna eva sa prajApati samairayat / 14. saH prajApatiH suvarNamAtmannapazyan / vahI 15/1/1/3 15. atharvavedIyaM vrAtyakANDaM pR. / / 16. vaidika sAhitya aura saMskRti e. 229 17. biyate yad tadvratam, vrate sAdhu kuzale vA iti vrAtyaH / ' -- atharvaveda 15/1/1/1 sAyaraNa bhASya -- pratharthaveda 15/1/1/1 18. Vratya as initiated in Vratas. Hence Vratyas means a person who has voluntarily accepted the moral code of vows for his own spiritual discipline. --By Dr. Habar 19. The Sacred Books of the East vol. XXII uitr. p.24 It is therefore probable that the Jainas have borrowed their on vows from Brahamans, not from Buddhists. 20. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya pR. 125 21. 22. saH udatiSThat saH pratIcIM dizamanuvyacalat // 23. saH udatiSThat saH udIcIM dizamanuvyacalat / 24. dazavaikAlika cUlikA 2 gA. 11 / 25. vihAra cariyA isiNaM pasatthA / -- dazavaikAlika cUlikA 2 gA. 5 26. "The Religion and philosophy of Atharva veda" Vratyas were outside the pale of the orthodox Aryans. The Atharva veda not only admitted them in the Aryan fold but made the most righteous of them, highest divinity. -FI. Sinde saH udatiSThat sa prAcIdizamanuvyacalat / atharvaveda 15/1/2/1 2-74 27. RSabhadeva : eka parizIlana -- devendamuni zAstrI / 28. vaidika iNDeksa dUsarI jilda 1958 pR. 343, maikaDAnala bhaura kItha / 29. vaidika koza, vArANaseya hinduvizvavidyAlaya 1963, sUryakAnta / 30. bhagavAna paramarSibhiH prasAdito nAma priyacikIrSayA tadavarodhAyane marudevyAM dharmAn darzayitukAmA vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAm RSINAm umanthinAM zuklayA tatvAvatAra bhagavata purANa 5/3/20 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 zratharvaveda 15 / 1 / 2 / 15 -- pratharvaveda

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BI. vinobA bhAve zramaNa saMskRti pR0 57 32. prAcArya nemicandra - pratiSThAtilaka 374-78 33. Rgveda 2/9/22/4/1 34. vahI-4/3/9/52/5 35. vahI - 3/86/5 36. digvAsAstaruNo rUpavAMzca kAryo'rhatAM devaH / ' varAhamihira saMhitA 45/58 37. vAlmIki yoga vAsiSTha 6/173/34 vedAntAhata sAMkhya saugataguruyamkSAdi suuktaadRsho|" 38. brAhma zaivaM vaiSNavaM cazsauMra zAktaM tathAItam / " vAyu purANa 104/16 39. zrImadbhAgavata 5/3/20 40. padmapurANa 13/350 41. viSNupurANa 17-18 adhyAya 42. skandapurANa 36-37-38 adhyAya 43. zivapurANa 5/4-5 44. matsyapurANa 24/43-49 45. devI bhAgavata-4/13/54-57 46. arhatataM mahAdharma mAyA mohena teyataH / proktAsta mAzritA dharmamAhatAstena te'bhavanU / -viSNu purANa 3/18/12 47. viSNu purANa-3/18/13-14 48. vahI 3/18/27 49. vahI 3/18/25 50. vahI 3/18/28-29 51. vahI 3/18/8-11 52. Rgveda 1/23/174/2-3 53. Rgveda 10/11/136,2,3. 54. vAtarazanAH vAtarazanasya putrAH munayaH pratIndriyArthadazino jUtivAta jUtiprabhRtayaH pizaMgAM pizaMgAni kapilavarNAni malA malinAni vatkalarUpANi vAsAMsi vasate AcchAdayanti / -sAyarasa bhASya 10/136/2 55. vahI 10/135-7 56. vAtarazanA havA RSayaH zramaNAH urvamanthino vabhUvuH -taittirIyAraNyaka 2,7/1 pR. 137 57. vRhadAraNyakopaniSada 4/3/22 58. tapasA bhuJjate cApi zramaNa bhuJjate tathA / -rAmAyaNa bAlakANDa, saM. 14 zloka 22 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 11 2-73

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59. enziyanTa iNDiyA eja DiskrAibDa bAya maigasthanIja eNDa eriyana, kalakattA 1926 pRSTha 97-98 60. ansalesana bhAva da phegmenTasa bhAva da iNTiyA prAva maMgasthanIja, pAna, 1846, pRSTha 105 61. cauhi aTTAhiM loaM karei / mUla __ vRtti-tIrthakRtAM paMcamuSTiloca sambhave'pi asya bhagavatazcamumuSTika locagocaraH zrIhemAcAyaH kRta RSabhacaritrAdyabhiprAyo'yaM prathamekyA muSTyA zmazru kUya'ryoce tisRbhizca ziroloce kRta ekA muSTimavazisyAmAraNA pavanAndolitAM kanakAvadAtayoH prabhuskadyayorupari luThantomarakatopamAnabhamAvibhutIM paramaramasIyAM vIkSya pramodamAnena zakreNa bhagavana! mahyamanugrahaM vidhAya dhriyatAmiya mitthameveti vijJapte bhagavatA'pi sA tathaiva rakSiteti / na hyakAntabhaktAnAM yAcyAmanugrahItAraH khaNDayantIti" -jambUdvIpa prajJapti va saMskAra 2,sU. 30 62. kezyagni kezI viSaM vitti rodsii| kezI vizvaM svarTa ze kezIdaM jyoti rucyate / / -Rgveda 10/11/136/D 63. kakardave vRSabho yukta, prAsIdavAvacItsAra cirasya kezI dudheyuktasya dravata: sahAnasa RcchAntiSmA niSpado mudgalAnIm / -Rgveda 10/9/102/6 64. Rgveda 1/24/190/1, Rgveda 2/4/33/15, Rgveda 5/2/28/4, Rgveda 6/1/1/8, - Rgveda 6/2/19/11, Rgveda 10/12/166/1, 65. mahAbhArata zAntiparNa 227/13 66. atha devAsuraM yuddhamabhUda varSazatatrayam / -matsyapurANa 24/35 67. azaktaH pUrvamAsIstvaM kathaMcicchaktatAM gataH / kastvadanya imAM vAcaM sukrarAM vaktumarhati / / -mahAbhArata zAntiparva 227/22 68. devAsuramabhUd yuddha, divyamabdazataM puraa| tasmin parAjitA devA daityaddhArda purAgamaH / / -viSNupurANa 3/17/7 69. mahAbhArata, zAnti parva 227/49-54 70. mahAbhArata, zAnti parva 227/59-60 71. narmadAsaritaM prApya sthitA dAnavasattamA / -~-padmapurANa 13/412 2-16 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71 |

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jayapura apane sthApanA kAla se hI jainakalA aura saMskRti kA eka mahatvapUrNa kendra rahA hai| baDe-baDe vizAla jaina mandira yahAM haiN| bhaTTArakoM kI gaddI yahAM rahI haiN| prAcAryakalpa paM0 ToDaramalajI, sadAsukhajI Adi vidvAnoM ke kAryakSetra hone kA saubhAgya bhI jayapura ko hI hai| baDe vizAla zAstra bhaNDAra yahAM haiM jinameM hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM jainAjana grantha haiM / yahAM jainI bar3e bar3e prauhadoM para rahe haiM / zAsana saMcAlana meM unakA bahuta bar3A hAtha rahA hai| kaI sAmAjika prAndolanoM kA vaha kendra rahA hai| Aja bhI paryApta saMkhyA meM jaina vidvAn yahAM haiM / saMkhyA kI dRSTi se bhI anumAnataH yahAM jainoM kI saMkhyA bhArata meM sarvAdhika hai| isIlie prAyaH loga ise jainapura ke nAma se bhI saMbodhita karate haiN| pra0 sampAdaka jainapura-jayapura * DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura rAjasthAna kI rAjadhAnI banane ke pUrva jayapura nahIM milte| yahI nahIM sabhI mandira vizAla evaM nagara r3haDhADa pradeza kI rAjadhAnI thaa| isake pUrva kalApUrNa haiM / caur3A rAsto sthita tAr3akezvarajI isa pradeza kI rAjadhAnI prAmera thii| mahArAja kA mandira zaiva mandiroM meM sabase prasiddha evaM savAI jayasiMha dvArA 18 navambara san 1727 meM prAcInatama mandira hai| isI taraha goviMdadevajI isa nagara kI sthApanA kI gayI / pahile isa mandira evaM rAmacandrajI kA mandira yahAM ke prasiddha nagara kA nAma jayanagara thaa| bAda meM yaha savAI evaM lokapriya mandiroM meM se haiM / jayapura nagara evaM jayapura ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA aura aba kevala upanagaroM meM sthita jaina mandiroM evaM caityAlayoM kI jayapura ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| isa nagara ke saMkhyA pahile 175 mAnI jAtI thI lekina vartamAna nirmANa kA sabase adhika zreya vidyAdhara nAmake meM kucha naye mandira aura bana gaye haiM aura kucha vyakti ko hai jise TADa ne jaina likhA thA lekina caityAlaya kama ho gaye haiM / nagara ke adhikAMza jaina adhikAMza itihAsakAroM ke anusAra vaha baMgAlI thaa| mandira vizAla evaM kalApUrNa haiM / jinameM atyadhika manojJa evaM prAcIna mUrtiyAM virAjamAna haiN| vizAla mandiroM kA nagara : digambara jaina mandira pATodI evaM digambara jaina mandira terahapanyI bar3A mandira, yahAM ke prAcInatama jayapura nagara prArambha se hI vizAla mandiroM kA mandira haiN| inakA nirmANa jayapura ke nirmANa ke nagara rahA hai| yahAM jitanI saMkhyA meM zaiva, vaiSNava sAtha huA thA / vizAla mandiroM meM jaina mandira evaM jaina mandira haiM utanI saMkhyA meM ayantra kahIM bhI bar3A dIvAnajI, digambara jaina mandira choTA mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-77

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dIvAnajI, siramoriyoM kA mandira, saMghIjI kA isameM hajAroM mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA huii| isI taraha mandira, khindUkoM kA mandira, TholiyA~ kA mandira, saMvat 1861 meM jayapura meM bhaTTAraka sukhendrakIti ke mahAvIra svAmI kA mandira, dArogAjI kA mandira, nirdezana meM eka aura vizAla pratiSThA samAroha badhIcandajI kA mandira, cAkasU kA mandira, huaa| ina pratiSThAnoM se bhaTTArakoM ke prati janatA caubIsa mahArAja kA mandira, khAniyAM meM rANAjI kA sahaja pAkarSaNa huprA aura dhArmika gatividhiyoM kA mandira Adi ke nAma ullenIya haiM / meM unakA sarvocca sthAna mAnA jAtA rahA / maTTAraka: vidvAn : rAjadhAnI banane ke sAtha hI jayapura pAmera jayapura nagara vidvAnoM evaM paMDitoM kA nagara gAdI ke bhaTTArakoM kA kendra bana gyaa| yahI nahIM bhI rhaa| gata 250 varSa se yahAM jitane vidvAn unhoMne apanI gAdI ko bhI Amera se jayapura evaM sAhitya-sevI huye utane anyatra kisI bhI nagara sthAnAntarita kara diyaa| jayapura kI sthApanA meM nahIM ho ske| yahAM paMDita ToDaramalajI huye bhaTTAraka devendrakIti ke zAsana kAla meM huI thii| jinhoMne mokSamArga prakAzaka jaise grantha kI racanA kI inake pazcAt saMvat 1792 meM bhaTTAraka mahendrakIrti evaM gommaTTasAra, labdhisAra, kSapaNasAra jaise granthoM kI huye / yadyapi unakA paTTAbhiSeka dehalI meM huA bhASA TIkA kii| isI samaya mahAkavi daulatarAma thA lekina jayapura nagara inakI sAMskRtika gati- kAsalIvAla huye jinhoMne jayapura meM harivaMzapurANa, vidhiyoM kA kendra thaa| inake pazcAt bhaTTAraka padmapurANa, AdipurANa Adi kI bhASA TIkA kSemendrakIti (saMvat 1815) bhaTTAraka surendrakIti likhakara jana-jana meM svAdhyAya kA jabaradasta pracAra (saMvat 1822), bhaTTAraka sukhendrakIrti (saMvat kiyA / isI samaya kavivara bakhtarAma huye jinhoMne 1852), bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti (saMvat 1880) buddhivilAsa evaM mithyAtvakhaMDana jaise granthoM kA evaM bhaTTAraka devendrakIti (saMvat 1883) ke jayapura nirmANa kiyaa| inake bAda paM0 jayacandra chAbar3A meM hI paTTAbhiSeka huye| ina bhaTTArakoM ke kAraNa huye jinhoMne paM0 ToDaramalajI evaM daulatarAmajI kI DhUDhADa pradeza meM jabaradasta sAMskRtika jAgRti paramparA ko jIvita rakhA aura 15 se bhI adhika rahI / mandiroM ke nirmANa, bimba pratiSThAnoM kA granthoM kI bhASA TIkA nibaddha kii| inameM samayasAra Ayojana tathA vrata vidhAna utsava Adi meM inakA bhASA TIkA, sarvArthasiddhi bhASA, aSTa pAhuDabhASA, sabase adhika yogadAna rhaa| saMvat 1780 meM jJAnArNavabhASA, Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| jayasiMhapurA khora meM mandira kA nirmANa hokara unhIM ke samakAlIna RSabhadAsa nigotyA huye pratiSThA huI jisameM bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti kA pramukha jinhoMne mUlAcAra kI bhASA TIkA saMvat 1888 meM yogadAna rahA / saMvat 1783 meM jo bAMsakhoM meM pUrNa kI thii| RSabhadAsa nigotyA ke suputra vizAla paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA huI thI usameM bhI pArasadAsa bhI sAhityakAra the jinhoMne jJAnasUryodaya bhaTTAraka devendrakIti kA hI AzIrvAda thaa| isake nATaka kI saMvat 1910 meM bhASA TIkA pUrNa kii| pazcAt saMvat 1826 meM bhaTTAraka surendrakIti ke isI nagara meM paM0 budhajana huye jo eka acche kavi nirdezana meM savAI mAdhopura meM saMghI nandalAla godhA the aura jinhoMne apane prasiddha kRti budhajana satasaI ne jo paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA karavAyI thI vaha saMvat 1879 meM samApta kI thii| inake dUsare apane samaya kI sabase prabhAvazAlI pratiSThA thii| grantha haiM tatvArthabodha, paMcAstikAya evaM budhajana 2-78 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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vilAsa / nagara meM eka ke pazcAt dUsare vidvAna, nahIM kabhI-kabhI svayaM vidvAn bhI apanI kRtiyoM paDita hote gye| 19vIM zatAbdI meM hI yahAM kI pratilipiyAM karate the / saMvat 1879 kArtika thAnasiMha kavi huye jinhoMne subudviprakAza kI budI 14 ko paM0 sadAsukha kAsalIvAla ne dravya saMvat 1847 meM racanA kI tathA pannAlAla khindUkA saMgraha bhASA kI pratilipi sampanna kI thii| isI ne saMvat 1871 meM cAritrasAra bhASA ko pUrNa taraha paM0 kezarIsiMha ne darzanasAra kI prati saMvat kiyaa| paM0 sadAsukha kAsalIvAla kA janma saMvat 1850 meM samApta kI thii| 1852 meM huaa| inhoMne bhI kitane hI granthoM kI bhASA TIkA likhI / 'artha prakAzikA' inakI sabase dIvAna : uttama kRti mAnI jAtI hai / pArasadAsa nigotyA jayapUra va rAjya ke zAsana meM bhI jainoM kA inhIM kA ziSya thaa| kezarIsiMha bhI jayapura ke bhI jayapura ke jabaradasta yogadAna rhaa| yahAM ke adhikAMza dIvAna acche vidvAn the / inhoMne varddha mAnapurANa kI jaina hye| jinhoMne dharma evaM sAhitya kI sevA ke bhASA TIkA likhakara svAdhyAya kI pravRtti ko , sAtha-sAtha rAjya kI bhI anupama sevAeM kii| ina protsAhita kiyaa| gata 50 varSoM meM hone vAle dIvAnoM kI pahuMca dillI darabAra taka thii| ve vidvAnoM meM paM0 cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha kA nAma / yuddha kSetra meM bhI jAte aura vahAM vIratApUrvaka yuddha sarvAdhika ullekhanIya hai| inhoMne jainadarzanasAra, karate / mahArAjA ke ve vizvasta evaM kRpApAtra pAvana pravAha, SoDazakAraNa bhAvanA jaise granthoM kI hote the| aise dIvAnoM meM rAva kRpArAma pAMDyA, saMskRta meM racanA kI / paMDitajI bar3e krAntikArI dIvAna zyojIlAla, dIvAna amaracanda, dIvAna vidvAn the aura samAja ko navIna dizA dene meM ratanacanda sAha, dIvAna nandalAla godhA, thArAma ratana inakA pramukha hAtha rahA thA / paMDitajI ke atirikta saMdhI (saMvata 1881-1891) Adi ke nAma ullekhapaM0 indralAlajI zAstrI, paM. javAharalAla zAstrI. nIya haiN| paM0 nAnUlAla zAstrI, paM0 zrIprakAza zAstrI evaM paM0 prAnandIlAla zAstrI ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM zAstra bhaNDAra : jinhoMne sAhitya evaM saMskRti kI prazaMsanIya sevA kii| zAstra bhaNDAroM kI dRSTi se jayapura nagara kA deza meM sarvocca sthAna hai| aba taka ke sarvekSaNa evaM paMDita: khoja ke AdhAra para nagara meM 20 se bhI adhika zAstra bhaNDAra haiN| ve zAstra bhaNDAra jJAna ke vizAla ukta vidvAnoM evaM sAhityakAroM ke atirikta saMgrahAlaya haiM jinameM sabhI viSayoM kI pANDulipiyAM yahA~ aura bhI aneka paMDita huye haiM jinhoMne granthoM milatI haiN| apabhraMza kI adhikAMza kRtiyoM ko kI pratilipiyAM karake unake svAdhyAya meM vizeSa surakSita rakhane kA zreya inhIM zAstra bhaNDAroM ko yoga diyA thaa| aise paMDitoM meM paM0 cokhacanda, paM0 hai / ina bhaNDAroM meM Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, terahapaMthI sukharAma, mahA. zaMbhurAma, paM0nainasAgara, paM0 rAmacandra, bar3A mandira kA zAstra maNDAra, pATodI ke mandira sevakarAma ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiM / jayapura kA zAstra bhaNDAra, TholiyoM ke mandira kA zAstra ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM 200 se adhika aisI pANDu- bhaNDAra, bavIcandajI ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, lipiyAM haiM jinakI pratilipi inhIM vidvAnoM dvArA godhoM ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, lAla bhavana kA athavA inake nirdezana meM sampanna huI thii| yahI prantha saMgrahAlaya prAdi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| ina mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-79

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zAstra bhaNDAroM meM 14vIM zatAbdI se lekara 20vIM karane meM saphalatA prApta kii| inake atirikta yahAM zatAbdI taka kI pANDulipiyAM haiM / ina bhaNDAroM kI aura bhI choTe baDe kitane hI Andolana huye aura grantha sUciyA~ prakAzita ho cukI haiN| kitane hI bhAratIya stara ke aAMdolanoM ko samarthana diyA gyaa| jayapura basAne vAle mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha isake pazcAt yahAM mahArAjA IzvarIsiMha (1743- zikSA aura anusaMdhAna ke kendroM meM bhI jayapura 50) savAI mAdhosiMha (1750-1767) savAI nagara ne apanA pUrNa yoga diyaa| digambara jaina pRthvIsiMha (1767-1777), mahArAjA pratApasiMha, atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI kI ora se sarvaprathama mahArAjA jagatasiMha (1803-1818) savAI banArasa vizvavidyAlaya meM jaina ceyara kI sthApanA jayasiMha tatIya (1876-1892), savAI rAmasiMha, kI gayI lekina vaha 3-4 varSa ke pazcAt hI banda savAI mAdhosiMha evaM savAI mAnasiMha jayapura ke ho gyii| kSetra kI ora se chAtravRtti yojanA zAsaka huye jinhoMne apane-apane zAsana meM jaina dharma, prArambha kI gayI evaM jaina sAhitya kI khoja evaM saMskRti evaM sAhitya ke vikAsa meM apanA pUrNa prakAzana hetu sAhitya zodha vibhAga kI sthApanA kI yogadAna diyaa| gayI jisake dvArA zodha ke kSetra meM deza ke aneka zodhArthiyoM meM jaina sAhitya ke zodha ke prati gaharI sAmAjika prAndolana : . ruci paidA kI jA rahI hai| jayapura nagara sAmAjika prAndolanoM kA bhI samAja meM gata 100 varSoM meM jina samAja kendra rahA / yahAM hone vAle sAmAjika AndolanoM seviyoM ne sAmAjika kAryoM meM vizeSa bhAga liyA ne samasta deza kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyaa| sarvaprathama unameM dhannAlAlajI phaujadAra, muzI pyArelAla yahAM zithilAcAra ke viruddha 19vIM zatAbdI ke kAsalIvAla, dArogA motIlAla, mAsTara motIlAla prArambha meM tIvra Andolana huA jinake AdhAra para saMbI, arjunalAla seThI, muzI sUryanArAyaNa seThI, terahapantha evaM gumAnapantha kA utkarSa huA aura banjIlAla TholiyA, kapUracanda pATanI, jamanAlAla dhArmika kriyAkANDoM meM pUrNa zuddhatA lAyI gyii| sAha, rAmacaMdra khindUkA, badhIcaMdra gaMgavAla evaM aise Andolana kA netRtva paM0 ToDaramalajI ne kiyA bakhzI kesaralAlajI ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhajinako anta meM apane jIvana kA bhI balidAna nIya haiN| karanA pdd'aa| vivAha, sagAI, mRtyu-bhoja Adi sAmAjika kAryoM meM kama se kama kharca ke Andolana jayapura nagara kA vartamAna meM bhI sAhityika, kA netRtva dIvAna amaracaMda jaise vyaktiyoM ne kiyA sAMskRtika, zaikSaNika evaM sAmAjika dRSTi se deza aura pratyeka rItirivAja kA mahajaranAmA taiyAra meM apanA viziSTa mahatva hai| yahAM digambara aura kiyaa| rASTrIya Andolana ke samaya chuAchUta zvetAmbara samAja ke apane apane mahAvidyAlaya, nivAraNa kA zrIgaNeza bhI jayapura se hI huA aura uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlaya, mAdhyamika vidyAlaya kAphI vAda-vivAda ke pazcAt samAja ko ise evaM kanyA vidyAlaya haiN| zrI mahAvIrajI kSetra kI svIkAra karanA pdd'aa| paM0 cainasukhadAsa nyoyatIrtha ora se saMcAlita sAhitya zodha vibhAga ke atirikta ne lohaDasAjana AMdolana kA zrIgaNeza bhI jayapura ToDaramala smAraka bhavana, lAla bhavana jaisI sAhise hI kiyA aura samAja ko sahI dizA dI tathA tyika saMsthAyeM haiM / vartamAna meM yahA bIsoM nyAyatIrtha, samAja ke eka aGga ko pUrNa rUpa se prAtmasAta zAstrI, darzanAcArya, ema.e.,pI.eca.DI. upAdhidhArI 2-80 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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vidvAn haiM jinameM lekhaka ke atirikta, paM0 bhaMvaralAla kAroM meM DA0 zAntA bhAnAvata, zrImatI sudarzanAdevI nyAyatIrtha, paM0 milApacanda zAstrI, paM0 bhaMvaralAla chAbar3A, zrImatI suzIlA bAkalIvAla, snehalatAjaina polyAkA jainadarzanAcArya, paM0 anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha, kokilA seThI, suzrI kamalA jaina ke nAma liye DA0 hukamacanda bhArilla, paM0 gulAbacanda jainadarzanA- jA sakate haiN| udIyamAna vidvAnoM meM sarva zrI cArya, paM0 surajJAnIcandra nyAyatIrtha, DA. narendra premacanda rAMvakA, premacanda jaina, paM0 nirmalakumAra bhAnAvata ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| mahilA sAhitya- boharA ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / 1. grantha sUcI bhAga 4-pRSTha saMkhyA pRSTha saMkhyA 133 amRta vacana pratiSThA bhUSaNa-lADalIprasAda jaina pApar3IvAla, savAI mAdhopura 1. mahApuruSoM ne karmarUpI yoddhAtroM ko saMgrAma meM jJAnarUpI zAstra, cAritra kI senA aura darzana ke bala se parAsta kara svAtaMtrya (mokSa) prApta kiyA / 2. vAstavika sukha kahIM bAhara nahIM hai vaha AtmAnubhUti meM hai / 3. azAMti kA mUla hai hiMsA aura zAMti kA mUla hai ahiMsA / 4. vijayI hone ke liye jitendriya bananA hogaa| 5. mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki vaha karmoM kA saMvara maura nirjarA kare / 6. rAga aura dveSa meM rAga adhika ahitakArI hai aura donoM ke dUra hone se hI vItarAgatA pragaTa hogii| 7. zalya jahAM taka rahatI hai vahAM taka saphalatA nahIM miltii| 8. prADambara zUnya dharma kalyANa kA mArga hai| 9. apane pApa kI samAlocanA saMsAra bandhana se mukti kA pradhAna kAraNa hai| 10. apane Apako apane meM dekho to nizcita hI prAtma darzana hogaa| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 17 2-81

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// maMgala-gIta // * DaoN. baDakula, DI. ela. jaina 'dhavala', barelI prAyo-pAyo re, janama tyohAra, trayodazi mdhu-maasaa| ai-re, dhavala-pakSa bhinsAra, jJAna-ravi prakAsA // Teka // bhayo-bhayo re, vIra-avatAra, goda trisalA saajii| suna-suna re, dhvani zahanAI, siddhAratha gRha bAjI / / jur3i-gayo re, deva parivAra, kuMDalapura meM khAsA / prAyo0 / / bhayo-bhayo re, acambho eka, cakita the saba praanii| bhayo gad-gad sakala jahAna, zatrutA-visarAnI / / milI-baiThe, bakarI-zera, prIti kA thA vAsA / prAyo0 // miTa gayA timira mithyAta, hRdaya rAjIva khilA / bhaye nirbhaya jaga ke prANi, abhaya, vara-dAna milaa| bhaye kAma-krodha, saba nAza, rahI nahIM abhilASA / prAyo0 / / prabhu ! sunalo prAja pukAra, samaya vaha phira paaye| ho kSamA dayA sarvatra, ahiMsA mana bhAve // dasa dizA ho, 'dhavala' dharma kA ho vAsA / Ayo0 / / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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bAhara kA vijJAna bar3hAyA kitanA? - nihAlacanda jaina, ema0 esa0sI0 dhyAkhyAtA, naugAMva (ma0pra0) bAhara kA vijJAna bar3hAyA kitanAantara kA jyoti-kalaza, chalakAno to jAne / kAgaja para kitane gIta chanda raca DAlejIvana-sarjaka ko, mana-darpaNa para jhalakAno to jAne // mana ke tAmasa andhakAra ke, svapnoM ne hameM chalA hai| tRSNA ke eka aNu para, aTake sukha meM hameM ThagA hai| maiM jar3atA kA anugAmI, mAyA trizaMku para laTakA / merA nAma alaga ho mujha sejAne kahAM kahAM bhaTakA ! mandira ko veno to mahakAyo hai phUloM semana ko vedI kA bAsApana dho DAlo to jAne antara kA jyoti kalaza chalakAno to jAne // mRtyoM ke paricaya-saMgraha meM, amRta kA itihAsa cuka gyaa| apane se vismaraNa aparicaya, apanA ho parihAsa bana gyaa| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 B-83

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miTTI ke dIpoM ke baMTavAre meMjyoti-puruSa ko mI khaNDita kr| mujhe diyoM kI kAlikha ko ho prAMkhoM kA GgAra bnaayaa| para ke kitane bimba miTAye apanA rUpa sajAnepara ko saMvArane apanA bimba miTAno to jAne / antara kA jyoti-kalaza, chalakAno to jAne / A~kha khule ke prema nibAhe, sambandhoM ko paramparA meN| ha~sate ko varavAna luTAye, aramAnoM kI paramparA meN| phUloM ko madavAtI gandhoM kobahuta sahelA hai hamane / para kAMToM ko daMza-camana ko kitanA parahejA hai hmne| apane sukha kI seja sajAne hama kitane prakulAyepharaNA ke nIra bahAkara dukhiyoM para akulAno to jAne / antara kA jyoti-kalaza chalakAno to jAne // dharma banA vyApArabAjAroM ke bhAvoM saa| para bhAvoM kI praNayIvemola nanArI jAtI hai| zIla satya jhuThalAyA jAtA, sare mAma caurAhe pr| lajjA anAvarita hokara ke khar3I huI do rAhe pr| jaga ko bahuta banAyA hamane chala chandoM seapanI dhUmila tasvIra jar3A lo to hama jAne, antara kA jyoti-kalaza chalakAo to jAne / 2-84 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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kalA ke kisI bhI kSetra meM jaina jainetaroM se pIche nahIM rhe| citrakalA bhI usakA apavAda nahIM hai / prantha bhaNDAroM meM aise hajAroM jaina grantha prApta hote haiM jo sacitra haiM / citrakalA ke vikAsa krama ko samajhane meM ye pANDulipiyAM bar3I mahattvapUrNa haiN| prastuta nibandha meM viduSI lekhikA ne samayavAra aisI pANDa. lipiyoM kA paricaya dete hue batAyA hai ki jainoM ke anya bhaNDAroM ke prabandhakoM ko asahayoga kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa isa sambandhI zodha ke kSetra meM na kucha ke barAbara kArya huA hai| pra0 sampAdaka citrita jaina pANDulipiyoM kA kramika vikAsa * ku. kamalA jaina, jayapura vAgha, ajantA, elorA Adi se prasthApita bauddha dharma sambandhI devI-devatAnoM kA citragaNa bhitti citra paramparA samAptaprAyaH hone ke pazcAt milatA hai tathA jaina dharma granthoM meM bhI pramukhataH lagabhaga dasavI I0 zatAbdI se bhAratIya citrakalA tIrthaGkageM kI jIvana sambandhita ghaTanAoM kA aMkana meM aisA mor3a pAyA ki citroM kA nirmANa bhittiyoM dRSTigocara hotA hai| ke sthAna para tAr3a patroM para hone lagA : bhitti sacitra jana pANDulipiyoM ke racanAkAla ko citroM kI apekSA yadyapi yaha kArya sahaja thA tathApi lAlitya va sthAyitva kI dRSTi se bhitti citroM kI DA0 motIcandra ne nimna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA haitulanA nahIM kara skaa| hA~, dharma granthoM meM samAviSTa prathama . tAr3apatra kA samaya kiye jAne ke kAraNa tAr3a citra sarasa va AkarSaka (I110-1400 I0) bane rahe / tADapatroM para prArambhika sacitra pANDu dvitIya-kAgaja kA samaya lipiyAM pUrvI bhArata meM pAla rAjAoM ke saMrakSaNa (1400 I0 ke pazcAt meM racI gaI / ye grantha mukhyataH bauddha dharma kI mahA (pra) prArambhika kAla - yAna zAkhA se sambandhita haiN| (1400-1600 I.) (prA) uttara kAlapazcimI bhArata se prApta citrita pANDulipiyAM (1600 I0 ke pazcAt kA samaya) mukhyataH jainadharma se sambandhita haiM / inameM prAraMbhika grantha tAr3apatra para likhe hue haiN| prataH sambhava hai DA0 motIcandra ne 1400 I0 ko tAr3apatra ki jaina granthoM ko citrita karane kA vicAra jaina pora kAgaja ke samaya kI vibhAjana rekhA mAnA hai, dharmazAsakoM dvArA baMgAla meM pAla rAjAoM ke saMra. kintu eca0 goyeTja ke matAnusAra 4vIM zatI kA kSaNa meM citrita bauddhadharmI tADapatrIya pANDulipiyoM uttarAddhaM aura 15vIM zatI ke prArambhika dasa varSa se liyA gayA ho| kyoMki bauddha dharma granthoM meM kA samaya tAr3apatrIya pANDulipiyoM ke anta evaM mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-85

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kAgadIya pANDulipiyoM kI zurUpAta kA mAnA hai| eka pustaka kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM mAtra eka upalabdha sAmagrI ke prAdhAra para pUrva mata hI iSTa va hAthI kA citraNa milatA hai / yaha pustaka eka mAnya pratIta hotA hai| vyApArI ke putra prAnanda ne likhakara muni candrasUri 1. tAr3apatra yuga (1100-1400 I0) ke ziSya muni yazodeva sUri (1093--1123 I0) citragata zailI ke AdhAra para pazcima bhAratIya ko bheMTa svarUpa dI thii| pratIta hotA hai ki skUla kI tADapatrIya sacitra pANDulipiyoM kA vibhA- pANDulipiyoM ko citrita karane kI paramparA isake jana nimna do vargoM meM kiyA gayA hai| pazcAt prArambha huii| (a) prathama varga-(1100-1350 I0) tADapatrIya pANDulipiyoM ke antargata 1112 I0 'SaTakhaNDAgama' tathA 1112-20 I0 'mahAbandha' (prA) dvitIya varga- (1350-1450 I.) va 'kasAyapAhuDa'- ina prArambhika digambara jaina (a) prathama varga-isake antargata ve pANDuH pANDulipiyoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai, jo mUDabidrI lipiyAM haiM, jinakA nirmANa mujarAta meM solaMkI meM jaina siddhAnta bastI ke saMgraha meM sthita haiN|15 rAjAoM ke saMrakSaNa meM huA thaa| tatpazcAt (Jnata Dharma Katha), DA0 kumArasvAmI tathA mehatA ne prAcInatama 'jJAnasatra'16 (1126 I0) kI do tADapatrIya pANDutADapatra para citrita 'kalpasUtra' ko mAnA hai| lipi, do kASTha paTTikAeM (jarjarita) (tAr3apatrIya isakA racanAkAla 1236 I0 ke lagabhaga nizcita pANDulipi ke mukha va pRSTha kI), 'dasarvakAlika laghuhotA hai / 10 DA0 goyeTja ke matAnusAra sabase vRtti'17 (1143 I0) 'upaniyukti' (1161 prAcIna citrita kRti tADapatra para prakita 'nizItha- I0) tathA anya dUsare grantha citrita hue|18 cUriNa' hai, jisakI racanA siddharAja jayasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM 1100 I0 meM huI thii| yaha pANDra. uparokta sabhI pANDulipiyoM kI pradarzinI lipi pATana ke jaina bhaNDAra meM sthita hai| isameM 'pAla iNDiyA proriyanTala kAnphresa' ke satrahaveM satra citroM ke nAma para kucha bela bUTe evaM paza-prAkRtiyAM ke antargata prahamadAbAda meM kI gaI thii| isake haiN|11 DA. rAmanAtha ne isase bhI pUrva kI eka atirikta 1143 I0 se 1174 I0 taka kI prati 'bhagavatI sUtra' kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo ki avadhi meM racita prAcArya hemacandra sUri tathA rAjA 1062 I0 kI hai| yaha prati ukta pATana bhaNDAra kumArapAla ke aneka vyakti citroM ke sandarbha bhI meM hI sthita hai, kintu isameM mAtra alaMkaraNa kiyA milate haiM 120 huA hai| citra nahIM haiN| sampratika zodha ke phalasvarUpa kAlaM khaNDelavAla isake atirikta zrI khaNDelavAla tathA DA0 tathA sarayU doSI dvArA kucha nimna tADapatrIya pANDusarayU doSI ne prAdhunika khojoM ke prAdhAra para isase lipiyAM bhI prakAza meM lAI gaI haiM :-- bhI pUrva 1060 I0 ko 'mogha niyukti' evaM 'dasa- 1241 I0 kI eka 'neminAtha carita' zAnti vaikAlika-TIkA' nAmaka tADapatrIya prati kA ullekha bhaNDAra meM sthita hai-- jisameM baiThI huI ambikA ke kiyA hai, jo isa samaya jaisalamera ke jaina bhaMDAra meM eka prAkarSaka citra sahita, cAra pustaka citra sthita haiN| isameM eka citra zrI kAmadeva kA tathA kucha haiM 21 phAina prATsa bosTana saMgrahAlaya' meM surakSita, hAthI kA citraNa bhI kiyA huvA hai / 13 tatpazcAt mevAr3a meM udayapura ke pAsa sampAdita kI gaI maThaniyamoM para AdhArita 'pindaniyukti' nAmaka 1260 I0 kI eka pANDulipi 'sAvagapaDikkamaNa2-86 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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suttatruNi' hai, jisameM kevala 6 pustaka citra haiM | 32 ina uparokta prArambhika pANDulipiyoM meM citroM kI saMkhyA sAmAnyataH bahuta kama hai / 1288 I0 kI subAhu kathA' nAmaka eka pANDulipi tathA anya kathAeM 'saMghavI pATana bhaNDAra' meM surakSita haiM / isameM 23 citra haiM-- jisameM caTTAnoM, vRkSoM aura jaMgala ke pazubhroM ke prAkAroM ko prakRti citraNa ke antargata darzAyA gayA hai / 23 va isake atirikta khoja ke AdhAra para DA0 rAmanAtha ne 'pra' gasUtra', kathAsaritsAgara' 'triSaSThizalAkA puruSa carita' Adi granthoM kAra canAkAla bhI ukta prathama varga kI avadhi ke antargata hI nirdhArita kiyA hai 124 (prA) dvitIya varga - ( 1350-1450 I0) -- sthUla rUpa se isakA prArambha gujarAta prAnta meM yugala zakti kI sthApanA se sambaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / koI bhI pANDulipi 1370 I0 se pUrva kI abadhi kI upalabdha nahIM hai / 1427 I0 kI eka pANDulipi 'iNDiyA zrAphisa lAyabrarI' landana meM sthita hone kA varNana milatA hai 125 isake atirikta citra racanA va lekhana kArya ke lie tAr3apatra kA sthAna kAgaja dvArA liye jAne se pUrva kI avadhi ke paTa-citra va paTa-grantha upalabdha hue haiM, jinameM ullekhanIya hai 'vasantavilAsa' / yaha grantha 1451 I0 kI sacitra racanA hai 126 manohara kaula ke anusAra paTa (vastra) para citrita 1433 I0 kA eka citra 'jainapaMcatIrthI' tAr3apatrIya pustaka bhaNDAra pATana meM hai / 27 vijJaptipatra' bhI usa samaya ke uccastarIya pralaMkRta vastra citra the / 2. kAgaja yuga- ( 15vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se pazcAt kA samaya ) - tAr3apatrIya citra paramparA ke pazcAt hama aise yuga meM pahuMcate haiM, jabaki bhArata mahAvIra jayantI smArika 77 maiM tAr3apatroM ke sthAna para kAgaja kA prayoga hone lagA thA / kAgaja yadyapi bhArata meM bahuta pahale prA cukA thA, kintu graMtha nirmANa kAryoM meM kAgaja kA upayoga 14vIM zatI se huA, aisA mAnA jAtA hai 1 28 kAgaja graMthoM kI kramabaddha sAriNI hetu DA0 motIcandra dvArA nirdhArita samaya vibhAjana 29 hI adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai- (a) prArambhika kAla -- ( 1400 - 1600 I0) kAgajIya pANDulipiyoM ke antargata yU0 pI0 zAha ne Arambhika citrita pANDulipi 1346 I0 kI 'kalpasUtra' va 'kAlakAcAryaM kathA' ko mAnA hai | 30 kintu yaha mata sarvamAnya nahIM huA / DA0 motIcaMdra ne zailIgata AdhAra para isako 15vIM zatAbdI kI pANDulipi mAnA hai / zrataH vibhinna lekhoM ke AdhAra para inameM prAcInatama hastalikhita citrita pANDulipi 1366 I0 kI 'kAlakAcArya kathA' nizcita hotI hai / 31 1367 I0 kI eka anya pANDulipi kA ullekha milatA hai, jo muni jinavijayajI ke adhikAra meM thI / muni jinavijayajI ise kAgajIya pANDulipiyoM meM prAcInatama mAnate haiM / 32 isI samaya kI 1370 I0 kI 'kalpasUtra' va 'kAlakAcArya kathA' nAma kI pratiyAM milatI haiM, jo ujjamaphoI dharmazAlA ahamadAbAda ke bhaMDAra meM hai 133 ahamadAbAda ke ela0 DI0 insTITyUTa zrApha iNDolaoNjI ke saMgraha meM 1396 I0 kI eka prati 'zAntinAtha carita' he 34 prArambhika kAgajIya pANDulipiyoM meM 'prinsa zrApha velsa myUjiyama' meM sthita 'kalpasUtra' va 'kAlakAcAryakathA' bahuta suMdara pratiyAM haiM, jo veza-bhUSA ke AdhAra para 14vIM zatI pratima caraNa kI pratIta hotI hai / 3 isI samaya kI tithivihIna 'kalpasUtra' va 'kAlakAcAryakathA' nAma kI anya pratiyAM jaisalamera ke bhaMDAra meM sthita haiM, jinako zrI navAba ne prArambhika 15vIM zatIM kI batAI hai 136 2-87

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vi0 saM0 1461/1404 I0 kI eka digambara 1. vAziMgaTana kI phAyara gailrii| pANDulipi 'pAdipurANa'-- jisakA ullekha DA0 2. 'phara volakara kunde' kA saMgrahAlaya, doSI ne apane lekha37 meM kiyA hai| 1415 I0 balina / kI 'kalpasUtra' 'kAlakAcAryakathA', jisameM 'kalpa 3. balina kI rAyala lAyabrarI / sUtra' vAlA bhAga kalakattA ke biralA saMgraha' meM 4. kalakattA kA 'nAhara sNgrhaaly'| . tathA kAlakAcArya' vAlA bhAga bambaI meM pI0 sI0 jaina ke saMgraha meM hai .38 1420 I0 meM digambara jaina 5. pATana aura jaisalamera ke aneka jaina mahApurANa' graMtha citrita kiyA jo isa samaya pustakAlaya 148 digambara jaina nayA mandira, purAnI dillI meM sthita 'kalpasUtra' kI ukta sabhI pANDulipiyoM meM hai|39 1426 I0 kI 'kalpasUtra 'kAlakAcAryakathA' unakA racanAkAla vyakta nahIM hai kintu DA0 kumAranAmaka pANDulipi iNDiyA oNphisa lAyabrarI' svAmI ne citrazailI ke AdhAra para nizcita kiyA landana meM sthita hai 140 1439 I0 meM sulatAna hai ki kucha pANDulipiyAM to 15vIM zatI se pUrva kI mahamUda zAha khilajI ke rAjyakAla meM racita 'kalpa- haiM tathA zeSa 15vIM zatI kI haiM 147 sUtra' kI eka prati 'mANDu' se prApta huI hai|41 15vIM va 16vIM zatI kI kucha anya nimna 1464 I0 ke lagabhaga citrita 'kalpasUtra' kI prati pANDulipiyoM kA varNana kArla khaNDelavAla va zrImatI 'briTiza saMgrahAlaya' landana meM saMgrahIta hai / isake 42 sarayU doSI ne apane lekha meM kiyA haiatirikta DA0 zrI kastaracaMdajI kAsalIvAla ne 1. 1430 I0-- bhaviSyata kathA' basavA ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM sthita 1471 I0 kI 2. 1442 I0--pAsanAha cariu' citrita 'kalpasUtra' kA ullekha kiyA hai / 43 3. 1440-50 I0--'yazodhara carita' vividha 4. 14.0-60 I0--'zAntinAha cariu' uparokta pANDulipiyoM ke atirikta DA0 5. 1454 I0--'jasahara cariu' kumArasvAmI ne apane lekha meM kucha anya nimna 6. 1494 I.---'yazodhara carita' pANDulipiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai : 7. 1590 I0-- yazodhara carita' 1. 1497 I0 meM citrita 'kalpasUtra' aura 8. 1596 I0--'yazodhara carita48 paura 'kAlakAsUri kathAnakam / ' vibhinna vidvAnoM evaM kalArasikoM dvArA khojI 2. lagabhaga 15vIM zatI meM citrita 'kalpasUtra' gaI ukta pANDulipiyoM ke atirikta sAmpratika va 'kAlakAcAryakathA' nAmaka pANDulipi jisakA zodha ke phalasvarUpa yU0 pI0 zAha dvArA pANDuracanAkAla majJAta hai| lipiyoM kA nimna bahubhAga prakAza meM lAyA gayA / .1. 1400 I0--mANDu zailI meM citrita 3. 1566 I0 meM citrita 'ratanasAra' 144 __kAlakAcArya kathA isake atirikta DA0 kumArasvAmI ne haTamaina ke lekha45 ke mAdhAra para bhI phAina ArTa (lalita 2. 1420 I0-- zatrujaya mahAtmya' kalA) ke nimna saMgrahAlayoM va pustakAlayoM meM sthita 3. 1422-23 I0--mevAr3a meM citrita 'supA'kalpasUtra' kI 15vIM zatI kI pANDulipiyoM kA sanAhacariu' ullekha kiyA hai : 4. 1425-1440 I0 'damayantI kathA campU' 2-88 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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5. 1490 I0--vedanagara meM citrita 'kalpa sUtra' 6. 1492 I0--pATana meM citrita 'uttarA dhyayana-sUtra' 7. 1493 I0--pATana meM lipibaddha 'mAdhava nala-kAyakandala kathA' 1. 1498 I0--pATana meM lipibaddha candra prabha caritra' 9. 1501 I0- pATana meM citrita jAmanagara kalpasUtra' aura 'kAlakA kathA' 10. 1521 I0--pATana meM citrita bhAvanagara kalpasUtra' 11. 1583 I0--maTAra meM anUdita tathA goviMda dvArA citrita 'saMgrahaNIya-sUtra' 12. 1587 I.---kambe meM anUdita 'saMgrahaNIya 1. (1636 I0:--priMsa prApha velsa myUjiyama __ meM saMgrahIta-'sagrahaNIya sUtra' / 2. (1644 I0)--nUtanapura meM citrita 'kumArasambhava' / 3. (1650 I0)--'kRSNavelI' / 4. (1650 I0)--'napaharanagar3ha' / 5. (1655 I0)--'candarAsa' / 6 (1659 I0)--sUrata meM citrita 'canda raas'| 7. (1669 I0)--prazanikoTA meM citrita 'meghadUta' / 8. (1685 I0 ke lagabhaga)--munizrI puNya. vijayajI ke saMgrahAlaya meM sthita 'saMgraha NIya sUtra' (tithi ajJAta) / 9. (1667 I0)-'haribAlA caupAI' / 10 (lagabhaga 17vIM zatI)--munizrI puNya vijayajI ke saMgrahAlaya meM sthita apUrNa 'naladamayantIrAsa', jisakA racanAkAla prajJAta hai| 11. (17vIM zatI kA uttarArddha)--'prArdra kumAra rAsa' / 12. (1719 I.)--priMsa prApha velsa myU jiyama meM saMgrahIta 'devI mAhAtmya / 13. (1812 I0)--pUnA meM anUdita zrI ___'candarAjAno raas'| 14. (1962 I0)--jambUdvIpa prajJapti-prama ratnamaMjUSA / 13. 1600 I0 -uttarAdhyayana sUtra'49 (mA) uttara kAla--(1600 I0 ke pazcAt kA samaya)--yaha vaha samaya thA, jabaki jaina citrakalA ne mugala tathA rAjapUta citrakalA kA prAzraya lekara nijasva vismRta kara diyA arthAt isa samaya ke jaina graMthoM ke citroM kA nirmANa mugala evaM rAjapUta zailI meM huaa| vAcaspati gairolA ke anusAra 'samayasudara' nAmaka eka jaina muni ne 17vIM zatI meM 'artha ratnA. balI' ke nAma se eka adbhuta graMtha kI racanA kI thI, jise unhoMne akabara ko bheMTa kiyA thaa| isa graMtha meM akabarayugIna bhitticitroM tathA anya prakAra ke citroM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai 150 1600 I0 ke pazcAt kI kucha nimna pANDu. ullekha yU0 pI0 zAha ne samprati khoja ke prAdhAra para kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai-- isa samaya kI kucha anya pANDulipiyoM kA varNana DA0 kumArasvAmI ne nimna rUpa diyA hai 1. briTiza saMgrahAlaya meM sthita, 16vIM, 17vIM zatI meM citrita 'uttarAdhyayana' / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-89

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2. sambhavatayA 17vIM zatI meM citrita 'kalpa- yaha hai ki jana citrakalA kA prArambhika kAla 7vIM sUtra', jisakA racanA kAla vyakta nahIM hai| zatI I0 kI apabhraza zailI se mAnA gayA hai, yadyapi tatsambandhita pANDulipiyAM 11vIM zatI ke 3. 1769 I0 meM citrita kSetra samAsa laghu pazcAta kI hI upalabdha haiM / yaha citrakalA zailI prakaraNam' nAma kI pANDulipi / pramukhataH 18vIM zatI taka arthAta lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa se bhI adhika parivartita rhii| tadanantara vartaisake atirikta DA. zrI kastUracanda kAsalI. mAna samaya taka ke lagabhaga 300 varSa kI avadhi meM vAla ne 18vIM zatI meM citrita 'yazodhara caritra' jaina citrakalA kA svarUpa kyA rahA, yaha zodha kA kI do pratiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM eka viSaya hai kyoMki isa avadhi meM racita graMtha sAmagrI prati 1731 I0 kI zrI lUNakarabhAjI pAMDyA kA yadyapi zAstra bhaNDAroM Adi meM paryApta mAtrA meM maMdira, jayapura ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM sthita hai tathA saMkalita hai, tathApi una bhaNDAroM ke prabandhakoM Adi dUsarI 1743 I0 kI zrI pArzvanAtha digambara jaina ke asahayoga prathavA anya kAraNavaza yaha mahatvapUrNa mandira, jayapura ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM sthita hai / sAmagrI tadviSayaka gaveSakoM ko upalabdha nahIM ho tADapatrIya va kAgadIya sacitra pANDulipiyoM ke sakI hai / isI kAraNa isa avadhi kI racanAmoM para vikAsa se sambandhita uparokta UhApoha kA sAra zodha kArya nahIM ke barAbara huaa| 3. Khandalavala, K.---Pahari Miniature Painting, P.4, Bombay,1958. Chandra, P. -- Indian illustrated Manuscripts, The Time of India Annual, P.42,1960. Khandalavala K. & Doshi, S.--Miniature Printing, Jain Art and Architecture (ed, by Ghosh, A.), vol II, P. 396, Delhi, 1975. Goetz, H. --Bulletin of the Baroda State Museum and Picture Gallery, vol. 4, Pts. 1-2, 1946-47. Chandra, M. --Jain Miniature Painting from Western India, P.S, Abmedabad, 1949. Ibid, Goetz, H, Opp. cit P. 27. Chandra M. --An illustrated Manuscript of the Kalpasutra and KalaKacharya Katha Bulletin of the Prince of Wales Muscom, No. 4, PP. 40-41, 1954-54. 9. Khandalaval, K., Chandra, M. & Chandra, P.--Miniature Paintings from the Shri Moti Chand Khajanchi Collection, Lalit Kala Akademi, P.1, N. Delhi 1960. 2-90 manAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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10. 4. Ana 86. Coomaraswamy, A. K.--Jain Painting, Pt. 4, Catalogue of Indias Collections in the Museum of Fine Arts, Bostan, P. 32, 1924. Mehta, N.C. --Indian Painting in the fifteenth century, an early illuminated manuscript, Rupam, P. 61, No. 22 & 23, 1925. Goetz, H. --Decline and Rebirth of Medieval Indian Art, Marg, vol. 4, No. 2, P, 37. rAmanAtha : madhyakAlIna bhAratIya kalAeM evaM unakA vikAsa, pR0 3, jayapura 1973 Todo PI 265 A, Jain Art and Architecture, vol. II, ed. by Ghosbe A., Delhi, 1975. Khandalavala K. & Doshi, S.--Opp. Cit, Pl. 270 B, P. 402. Doshi, S.--Twelfth Century illustrated manuscripts from Mudbidri, Bulletin of the Prince of Wales Museum, 8 PP. 29--36, 1962-64. Shivarama Murti, C.--South Indian Painitng, PP. 90-96, N. Delbe 1960. Goetz, H. --Opp. Cit. Jnata--Sutra. Chandra, M. --An illustrated Manuscript of the Kalpasutra and Kalakacharya Katha, Bulletin of the Prince of Wales Museum No. 4 PP. 40-41, 1953-54, Bombay. ibid, Kaul, M. Jain or Gujarati School, Trends in Indian Painting. PP. 31-32, Delhi, 1961. Goetz, H. --Opp. Cit. Khandalavala, K. & Doshi S.--Opp. Cit., P. 403. Ibid. Ibid, P. 404. 19914 : a r adt, 76Fiata wrata Farg' at 9aFT fare. TIFFAIR, C* 4, 1963 1 Apand, Mulk Raj --Jain Miniatures. An Album of Indian Paintings. PP, 5 -60 Delhi, 1973, Brow, W. N.--The Vasanta Vilasa (New Haven, 1942). Joata 17. 18. 20. 21. 22. 24. 5 26. att gyrat Farfro 77 2-91

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27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 2-92 Mehta, N. C.--Indian Painting in the 15th Century early illuminated manuscript, Rupam, Nos. 22-23, PP. 61-65, 1925. Mehta, N.C.-Gujarati Painting in the 15th Century (London 1931). Kaul, M.--Opp. Cit. Khandalaval K. & Doshi, S.--Opp. Cit P. 405 Chandra, M.--Jain Miniature Printing from Western India, PP. 3745, Ahmedabad, 1949. Chandra M. & Shah U. P.--New Documents of Jain Paintings, Shri Mahavira Jain Vidyalaya Golden Jubilee volume, p. 375, 1968, Bombay. Gorakshkar, S. V.--A dated Manuscript of the Kalakacharya Katha in the Prince of Wales Museum, BPWM, 9. PP. 56-57, Dc shi, S.--An illustrated Adipurana of 1404 A. D from Yogini. pura, Chhavi, P. 382, 1976. Khandalavala, K. & Doshi, S.--Opp. Cit, P. 437. Ibid, P. 405. Ibid, P. 407. Chandra, M.--An illustrated Manuscript of the Kalpasutra and Kalakacharya Katha, BPWM, 4, P 40, 1953-54. Khandalavala K. & Doshi, S.--Opp. Cit, P. 407. Doshi, S.--Opp. Cit, PP. 383-91. Khandalavala, K. & Chandra, M --New Documents of Indian Painting--areappraisal, P. 15, Bombay, 1969. Chandra, M.--An illustrated Ms. of the Maha purana in the Collection of Shri Digambara Jaio Naya Mandir, Lalit Kala, 5, PP. 6881, Delhi. Coomaraswamy, A. K --Journals of Indian Art. and Industry, vol. XVI, No. 127, P. 90, 1914. Khandalaval, K. & Chandra M.--A Consideration of an illustrated Ms. from Mandapadurga (Mandu), dated 1439 A.D., Lalit Kala, 6, P. 8. rAmanAtha : apabhraMza zailI, madhyakAlIna bhAratIya kalAeM aura unakA vikAsa, pR0 5, jayapura, 1973 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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46. 42. Coomaraswamy, A. K.--Ms. or 5.149. Notes on Jain Art, Journals of Indain Art and industry, vol. XVI, No. 127, P.91, 1914. 43. Kasliwala, K. C. ---Jain Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan, P. 60, Jaipur, 1967. Coomaraswanmy, A. K.-Ibid, Huttemann, W.--Miniaturen Zum-~-Jinacarita, Bassler Archiv., vol. 4, (1914), PP. 46-47. Coomaraswamy, A. K. Ibid, P. 33. 47. Coomaraswamy, A. K.-Opp. Cit. Khandalavala, K. & Doshi, S.--Opp Cit., PP. 393-427. 49. Chandra, M. & Shah, U. P. --New Documents of Jaina Painting, Bombay, 1975. 50... vAcaspati mairolA : bhAratIya citrakalA, pR0 140, ilAhabAda, 1963 1 51. Chandra, M. & Shah, U. P.--New Documents of Jain Paintings, PP. 13-15,Group III-VII, Bombay, 1975. 52. Coomaraswamy, A. K.--Notes on Jain Art, Journals of Indian Art and Industry, vol. XVI, No. 127, P.91, 1914. 53. Kasliwal, K. C.--Jain Grantha Bhandars in Rajasthan, P.47, Jaipur, 1967. 54. Kasliwal, K. C.--Jain Granth Bhandars in Rajasthan, P. 55, Jaipur, 1967. suvicArya karotibuddhimAnathavA nArabhate prayojanam / --candraprebhasaritam buddhimAn manuSya koI bhI kAma ho, bhale prakAra vicAra karake hI karatA hai| binA vicAre koI kAma nahIM krtaa| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-93

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jaina dharma ne bhAratIya kalA aura saMskRti ke kSetra meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna divA hai / zAyada hI koI aisI kalA chUTI ho jisa para jainoM kA prabhAva na par3A ho / khajurAho, pAbU, rANakapura, ur3IsA kA hAthI guphA prAdi hamAre isa kathanaM kI puSTi meM prastuta kiye jA sakate hai / saMskRti ke kSetra meM jainoM ko ahiMsA pari bhASA apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai / syAdvAda aura anekAnta jaise siddhAntoM para unakA ekAdhikAra hai / karma siddhAnta bhI unakA jaisA kahIM nahIM hai| pra0 sampAdaka jaina dharma kA bhAratIya kalA aura saMskRti ko yogadAna * zrI sudarzana jaina, ujjaina dharma saMskRti kA poSaka aura vAhaka hai / pratyeka diyA hai kyoMki ve prArambha se hI ise dharma pracAra dharma kA mAnava saskRti aura sabhyatA ke prabhyudaya kA mahattvapUrNa vAhaka samajhete pAye hai / guphAoM, evaM vikAsa meM abhinna yogadAna rahA hai / jaina dharma stUpoM, mandiroM, mUrtiyoM, citroM Adi lalita ne deza kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA ke pratyeka aMga ko kalAoM ko protsAhana de, deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM ko pallavita evaM prabhAvita kiyA hai / isa dharma ne deza saundarya se sajAyA hai aura sAtha hI sAtha bhAratIya kI kalA evaM saMskRti ko navIna rUpa evaM nayI kalA ko nayA rUpa diyA hai / ur3IsA meM hAthI guphA dizA pradAna kI hai / jaina dharma kI vibhinna aura meM khAravela kA zilAlekha aura mUrtiyAM, gayA kI vipUla upalabdhiyoM ko jAne samajhe binA bhAratIya prAcIna guphAe, khajurAho kI apAra kalA sampadA, saMskRti kA jJAna paripUrNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bAhubali kI jaina mUrti, cittaur3a kA vijaya stambha, __ AbU ke jaina mandira Adi jaina kalA ke bhAratIya deza samAja va dharma ke itihAsa ko pUrNa rUpa se / kalA ko advitIya yogadAna haiN| samajhane ke liye, unake prAzraya meM vikasita kalAoM ke itihAsa kA jJAna ati Avazyaka hai kalA kA ahiMsA kA siddhAnta, jaina dharma kA deza kI uddezya jIvana kA utkarSa hai aura sacce arthoM meM saMskRti ko sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / jaina kalA samAja kA darpaNa hai / jaina kalA, dharma ke dharma meM ahiMsA para sabase adhika bala diyA gayA prAMcala meM palI hai aura sadaiva dhArmika bhAvanA se hai| isa siddhAnta ne na kevala bhAratIya saMskRti ko prabhAvita rahI hai / jaina kalA kA uddezya jana prabhAvita kiyA hai apitu pUrNa mAnava saMsAra ise kalyANa aura jana bhAvanA kA pariSkAra evaM utka- Adhunika yuga kI samasyAoM kI ekamAtra kujI rSaNa kara loka kA prAdhyAtmika evaM naitika stara samajhatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra, jaina dharma ke 24veM Upara uThAnA rahA hai / jaina zAsakoM evaM dharmAva- tIrthaGkara, jinakA 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava pUre lamdhiyoM ne kalA ke utthAna meM eka vizeSa yogadAna deza meM jora zora se manAyA jA cukA hai, ne "ahiMsA 2-94 mahAvIra jayantIsmArikA 77

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paramo dharmaH" kA pracAra usa samaya kiyA jaba acchAiyoM ko darzAyA hai jisase anAryoM ko Thesa na samAja meM devatAoM ko prasanna karane ke liye pazu pahuMce / anekAnta kA siddhAnta jaina dharma meM sahiSNutA bali dI jAtI thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samAja meM evaM samanvaya kI bhAvanA ko prajvalita karatA hai naI cetanA kA jAgaraNa kiyA aura janatA ko pATha aura uparyuta udAharaNa isa bAta kA jvalanta par3hAyA ki saba jIva samAna haiM; hatyA pradharma hai| pramANa hai / vRkSa evaM pattharoM meM bhI jIvAtmA vidyamAna hai aura jaina dharma meM lobha, bhoga aura moha ke sthAna pratyeka mAnava kA choTe se choTe jIva kI rakSA karanA para tyAga para jora diyA gayA hai / cArvAka ke kartavya hai| jaina prAcAryoM ne prANI mAtra kI rakSA bhautikavAda ke virodha meM aparigraha kA siddhAnta isa evaM "jiyo aura jIne do' kI bhAvanA kA ud- dharma kI bhAratIya saMskRti ko maulika dena hai / tRpti bodhana kiyA / janamAtra kI bhAvanA se Upara uTha / aura saMtoSa, khAne, pIne aura mauja karane meM nahIM prANImAtra meM prema evaM ApasI rakSA kA prAdvAna apitu apanI prAvazyakatAnoM ko sImita rakhane meM isa dharma meM kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ taka hI nahIM, jaina hai| apanI nijI AvazyakatAnoM se adhika vastuoM dharma meM manasA, vAcA, karmaNA kisI ko kapTa denA kA saMgraha karanA mAnava sAthiyoM ko dainika prAvabhI hiMsA hai| saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki iyakatAnoM se gaMcita rakhanA hai jo ki dharma bhAvanA ahiMsA kA siddhAnta jisake mAdhyama se prANImAtra ke viruddha hai / bar3hatI huI garIbI, maMhagAI aura ke utthAna evaM pragati kI kAmanA kI gayo hai, jaina dainika jIvana kI Avazyaka vastuoM kI kamI prAdi dharma kA tattva evaM mama hai| Arthika samasyAeM bhautikavAdI vicAradhArA ke pariNAma hai / aparigraha ke siddhAnta ko vAstavika saMskRti evaM vicAra samanvaya ke liye anekAMta jIvana meM utAra kara hI hama Arthika samasyAmoM kA kA siddhAnta, jaina dharma kI eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa samAdhAna kara sakate haiM / dena hai / isa siddhAnta ke anusAra, satya ke kaI rUpa jaina dharma meM sAmAjika viSamatAnoM ke virodha hote haiM, vastu ke kaI dRSTikoNa hote haiM / isa meM prAvAja bulanda kI gayI hai / karma kA siddhAnta siddhAnta ke mAdhyama se samAja meM phailI kaTTaratA evaM jaina dharma kA pramukha siddhAnta hai / 'jo jasa karahi saMkIrNatA ke viruddha prAvAja bulanda kI gaI / prAja to tasa phala cAMkhA', 'jaMsI karanI vaisI bharanI' pratyeka rASTra, jAti evaM mAnava dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa prAdi aneka kahAvateM karma ke siddhAnta kI puSTi ko samajhe binA svayaM ko sarvopari samajhatA hai| karatI haiM / jaina dharma meM janma ke AdhAra para samAja yahI vicAradhArA prAja antarrASTrIya tanAva evaM vibhAjana paddhati kI bhartsanA kI gayI hai kyoMki isa saMgharSa kA mUla kAraNa hai / anekAnta kA siddhAnta dharma ne janma kI nahIM apitu karma kI pradhAnatA svIvizva meM pracalita matabhedoM pora jhagar3oM ke unmUlana kAra kI hai| ucca jAti dvArA nimna jAti para ke lie eka mahattvapUrNa kadama hai / yaha siddhAnta atyAcAroM kI nindA kI gayI hai| harikezI pArasparika saMgharSoM evaM vivAdoM ke sthAna para zAnti cANDAla ko jaina dharmazAstro meM apane zuddha AcaraNa aura maitrI ko bar3hAvA detA hai / isI bAta ko dhyAna ke liye sammAnita sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai / jaina meM rakhate huye jaina dharma meM sabhI dharmoM evaM dharmanAyakoM samAja meM nArI ko sammAna evaM prAdarza kI raSTi se ko mahAna batAyA gayA / jaina dharmazAstroM meM rAma, dekhA gayA hai / nArI ko abalA aura zaktihIna nahIM kRSNa aura sItA ke prAdazoM ko prastuta kiyA hai aura samajhA gayA hai apitu samAja kA eka mahatvapUrNa sAtha hI sAtha rAvaNa ko baMzIdhara kI upamA de praga maanhai| 4) mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-95

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2AHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA yo vizvaM vedavedya jananajalanidhe bhaMginaH pAradRzvA / paurvAparyAviruddha vacanamanupama niSkalaMka yadIyam // REASOSAAaaaaaaaa OSASSASOAAcAAOSASUHAAAAAAAAAA taM vande sAdhuvaMdya nikhilaguNanidhi 20HWASHAAAAAAHHHHAHACHOHSASSIOHAMADHAON dhvastadoSadviSantam / buddha vA vardhamAnaM zatadalanilayaM kezavaM vA zivaM vaa|| -bhaTTAkalaGkadeva MMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMM mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 2-96

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tRtIya NEEDEDERED khaNDa EDEDERED vividha

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vizvAsa ko rakSA [ zrImatI rUpavatI kiraNa, kiraNajyoti, jabalapura ] pAtrAnukramaNikA zreSThI dhanaMjaya vasumatI candrakumAra salilA sudarzana baladeva janasamUha [ zreSThI dhanaMjaya ke parivAra meM ve unakI patmI vasumatI evaM ikalautA putra candrakumAra hai / prAtaH kAla kA samaya hai| zra eSThI dhanaMjaya jina mandira meM pUjanArtha jA cuke haiN| patnI vasumatI mandira se zrAne vAlI haiM / prAsAda meM prAMgaNa ke samIpavAle kakSa meM bAlaka candrakumAra va paDosa kI bAlikA salilA khela rahe haiN| bhUmi para khilaune bikhare haiM / prAMgaNa meM gulAba, rajanigaMdhA, belA prAdi phUloM kI kyArI mahaka rahI hai / ] salilA - candra ! ye guDDA guDiyA bar3e pyAre laga rahe haiM / candrakumAra dharmAtmA kavi dhanaMjaya kI patnI dhanaMjaya kA putra par3ausI bAlikA par3ausI ra-- ( khilaune uThA uThAkara batalAte huye ) yaha guDDA isa guDiyA kA bhaiyA hai aura guDiyA isakI bahina hai / salilA - ye tujhe kisane batalAyA ? candrakumAra -- mAM ne ! ve kaha rahI thIM ki rakSAbandhana ke dina guDiyA guDhDhe ko rAkhI bAMdhegI / salilA -- rakSAbandhana to kala hai / candrakumAra -- hAM, hamAre yahA~ bujhA kA nimaMtraNa hai| phUphAjI bhI praayeNge| hamAre yahA~ miSThAnna bane haiN| salilA -- kyA kyA banA hai candra ? candrakumAra -- gujhiyA, candrakalA, imaratI, gulAba jAmuna, per3A, papaDI, seva ........ mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 3-1

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salilA - ( bholepana se ) hamAre yahA~ barphI banI hai / para hamAre yahA~ phUphAjI nahIM prAyeMge / candrakumAra - tere phUphAjI nahIM hai ? salilA - mA~ kahatI hai budhAjI kA vivAha hogA / phUphAjI ghor3e para car3hakara mAyeMge aura bunA ko DolI meM baiThAkara le jAyeMge / candrakumAra -- ( saralatA se ) kyoM ? bujhA ko kyoM le jAyeMge ? salilA -- maiM kyA jAnU ? mA~ se puuchuugii| ( jAne lagatI hai / ) candrakumAra -- are to abhI kahA~ calI ? miSThAnna nahIM khAyagI / salilA -- isIliye to ghara jA rahI hU~ / mujhe bhUkha bhI to laga prAI hai / candrakumAra to tanika ruka nahIM sakatI ? mA~ mandira jI se bhAtI hI hogii| phira hama donoM khaayeNge| mujhe bhI to bhUkha lagI hai| salilA -- tU kahatI hai to ruka jAtI hU~ / candrakumAra -- lo mA~ bhI zrA gii| ( vasumatI kA praveza ) mA~ ! salilA ko bhUkha lagI hai / vasumatI -- to jalapAna karA do| ndrakumAra -- (samajhAte huye ) jala nahIM pInA mA~ / pyAsa thor3e hI lagI hai| miSThAnna khAyeMge hama donoM | vasumatI -- (ha~sane lagatI hai / ) acchA to miSThAnna khAyoge ? prabhI lAtI hU~ biTiyA salila ! (vasumatI calI jAtI hai / ) salilA -- candra ! tUne mosIjI se kyoM kaha diyA ki salilA ko bhUkha lagI hai ? candrakumAra -- to kyA hunA ? saca to kahA hai| tujhe bhUkha nahIM lagI ? salilA -- lagI to hai / ( rUThakara) para maiM tujhase nahIM bolU gI / candrakumAra kyoM nahIM bolegI ? acchA mata bolnaa| maiM bhI tujhase rakSAsUtra nahIM baMdhavAU~gA / salilA -- pracchA, dhacchA, bolU gI / merA bhaiyA candrakumAra bar3A macchA hai / vasumatI -- ( miSThAnna lAkara) lo khAo / ( vasumatI calI jAtI hai| donoM khAne lagate haiM / ) salilA -- per3A mIThA lagA / erdrakumArara--praura candrakalA to khAkara dekha kitanI mIThI haiM / salilA -- ( candrakalA khAte huye ) tere samAna hI mIThI hai candra / isakA nAma tere jaisA hI hai na isI - liye / (sahasA phUle gulAba kI ora dRSTi jAtI hai| (doDakara) ye phUla kitanA pyArA laga rahA hai candra ! J-2 sAndrakumAra -- tujhe cAhiye to tor3a le / salilA -- saca tor3a lU / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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candrakumAra--(tor3akara dete huye) le maiMne hI tor3a diyaa| salila ! rajanIgaMdhA kA phUla dekhA tUne ? salilA-chiH yaha bhI koI phUla hai| na sundara na sugandha / candrakumAra-ye rAta ko mahakatA hai salilA / rAta ko mAnA mere ghara / prAyagI? [itane meM candrakumAra jora se cIkha par3atA hai evaM sAMpa sAMpa kahate huye prAMgaNa meM gira kara mUcchita ho jAtA hai / salilA bhI sAMpa ko dekhakara bhayabhIta ho cIkhatI hai| vasumatI ghabarAkara vahAM mA jAtI hai|) vasumatI--(candrakumAra ko uThAte huye) kyA ho gayA biTiyA candra ko ? salilA--sAMpa thA mosI ! vasamatI--sAMpa ! tUne dekhA hai ? salilA- hAM mausI ! kAlA kAlA thA / (hAtha phailAkara batalAte huye) itanA bar3A ! vasamatI-sAMpa ne kATa khAyA mere candra ko ? ___(sevaka sukhalAla bhI pA jAtA hai / ) sukhalAla-kyA ho gayA svAminI bAlaka ko ? vasumatI-sukhalAla ! (vyathita svara meM) jA dauDa mandira jI, svAmI se kahanA candrakumAra ko nAma ne Dasa liyA hai| sukhalAla - sAMpa ne ! hAya / maiM abhI bulAkara lAtA hUM svAminI ! (calA jAtA hai|) (zreSThI sudarzana, baladeva Adi par3osI pA jAte haiN|) salilA--(kyArI kI ora saMketa kara) mausI ! vo dekho, gulAba ke samIpa baiThA hai nAga / sadarzana--(dekhakara) upha ! kAlA bhujaMga rakhA hai / pratyanta viSailA nAga hai| baladeva-kisI maMtravAdI ko bulAkara dikhalAnA cAhiye / bandhu dhanaMjaya kahAM hai bhAbhIjI ! vasamatI-abhI mandira se nahIM lautte| sukhalAla bulAne gayA hai / (paira se khUna bahatA huA dekhakara) paira meM kATA hai nAga ne / (tatkAla sAr3I phAr3akara kaTe huye sthAna ke Upara bAMdha detI hai / ) sudarzana-zreSThI zIghra prA jAte to prayatna karate; varan viSa kA prabhAva tIvra gati se bar3hatA calA jAyamA / vasumatI-(manahonI aAzaMkA se bhayabhIta ho) hA merA candra ! bacAlo koI mere lAla ko bacAlo / (jana samUha ekatrita hotA calA jAtA hai / / sukhanAla-(lauTakara dukha bhare svara meM) jAne Aja svAmI ko kyA ho gayA hai svAminI ! ve merI sunate hI nahIM haiN| vasumatI--tumane kahA nahIM ki bAlaka ko nAga Dasa gayA ? sukhalAla-kahA svAminI; bAra bAra kahA, para ve haiM ki pUjana hI kara rahe haiN| baladeva-kadAcit sukhalAla kI bAta samajha meM na AI ho| hama bulAkara lAte haiN| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 3-3

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( jana samUha meM se svara ubhara kara bhA rahe haiM / ) 1lA svara - zIghra upacAra kareM mAM zrI / 2rA svara - zIghratA na kI gaI to hAtha dhara kara bAlaka kho baiThegI / vasumatI - ( ghabarAkara ) nahIM, nahIM aisA na kaho, merA eka hI to putra hai / 3rA svara - chiH chiH kauna aisA duSTa hai jo aisA socegaa| bhagavAna isakI rakSA kare / sudarzana - vaMza kA dIpaka hai bandhu ! mAtA-pitA kI isI bAlaka para samasta prAzAyeM kendrita haiM / 1lA svara- kyoM na hoM, kula to isI se jagamagAyegA | 2rA svara - dekho to bhagavAna mare ko hI mAratA hai / 4thA svara - are bhaiyA ! are bhagavAna kyA mAregA ? jo jaisA karatA hai, vaisA hI bhogatA hai | bhagavAna to vItarAga nispRhI haiM / unheM apane bIca ghasITakara kyoM apanA mukha malina karate ho ? 2rA svara-dharma kI bAteM dUsaroM ke saMkaTa meM baghArane ke lie haiN| apane Upara vipati bhAve to bhagavAna ko pAnI pI pI kara koseMge / 4thA svara- koseMge to apanA hI anarthaM kreNge| bhagavAna kyA bigAr3a leNge| sUrya para dhUli pheMkane se vaha sUrya taka to pahuMcane se rahI, apane Upara gira kara apane ko hI malina karegI / baladeva - ( lauTakara ) sukhalAla kA kathana yathArtha hai bandhu ! zreSThI sunakara bhI anasunA kara rahe haiM / sudarzana - (prAzcaryayukta ho) kyA kara rahe ho ? kyA unheM apane putra kA jIvana priya nahIM ? baladeva - ye to ve hI jAneM / parantu maiM satya kaha rahA huuN| maiMne ucca svara se unheM sambodhita kiyA; kintu unhoMne merI zrora mukha bhI nahIM kiyA / na hI kucha aisA bhAva pradarzita kiyA ki merI bAta suna lI ho / sudarzana - to kyA pUjana hI karate rahe ? baladeva - hAM baMdhu ! maiM svayaM vismita hUM ki koI itanI bhayaMkara durghaTanA sunakara kaise zAMta raha sakatA hai| 4thA svara - bAta to yahI hai| pUjana meM lIna ho to ve kaise suna sakate haiM ? eka bAra meM mana eka nora hI laga sakatA hai / baladeva -- kitanI hI tallInatA ho, para aisA nahIM hotA / pUjana phira bhI kI jA sakatI hai| bhagavAna maMdira se bhAga thor3e hI rahe haiM / 4thA svara -- para pUjana ke bhAva, usakA zrAnanda kyA sthira raha pAyeMge ? vasumatI -- jIvana to ho gayA pUjana karate-karate aura Age bhI kreNge| para bAlaka hAtha se nikala gayA to vaha kahA~ milegA / sudarzana -- prAzcarya hai ki jisakA eka mAtra putra kAla ke gAla meM ho, usakA mana pUjA meM kaise laga rahA hogA ? vasumatI -- ( vyathita ho) kaise kaThora ho gaye zreSThI ! 3-4 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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sudarzana--(dRDhatApUrvaka) kaise nahIM pAyeMge ? unheM prAnA par3egA / ghabarAno nahIM bhAbhI ! maiM bulAkara lAtA hUM bhAI ko / (prasthAna) vasumatI--(karuNa vilApa karate huye) koI bacAlo mere lAla ko / utAra do isakA viSa / hAya ! aba yaha kabhI nahIM bolegA? kabhI mujhase mA nahIMkahegA ? (dIrgha ucchavAsa lete huye) kaisA pyArA hai merA candra ! sAkSAt deva sadRza sundara salaunA bAlaka / bolatA hai to mAno mukha se phUla karate haiN| baladeva--dhairya dhareM prApa! bAlaka abhI niviSa hunA jAtA hai| maiMne mantravAdI ko sandeza preSita kiyA hai / vaha prAtA hI hogaa| vasumatI--ApakA upakAra kadApi nahIM bhuuluugii| mere candra ko eka bAra jIvana de do bandhu ! maiM apanI samasta sampatti nyauchAvara karatI huuN| yuvaka-(prAkara) maMtravAdI kisI dUsare grAma gayA hai / vasumatI--(mAthA Thokakara) prAha ! praba kyA hogA ? zreSThI bhI abhI nahIM paaye| sudarzana--(prAkara zIghratA se roSa meM) aura na paayeNge| hamane aisI pUjana na dekhI na sunI / hama kaha kaha kara thaka gaye, para ve to jaise bahare ho gaye haiM / basumatI-kyA ho mayA hai inheM ? candra ke jIvana maraNa kA prazna upasthita hai aura unheM koI prayojana nahIM ? itanI kaThoratA ! aisI pUjA kA kyA artha hai ? kyA mere lAla ke prANoM se bhI bahamUlya hai pUjana ? ve nahIM Aye to maiM jAU~gI vahAM / (vasumatI goda meM bAlaka ko lekara mandira kI ora cala detI hai| pIche-pIche vyathita sA jana samUha bhI calA jA rahA hai| usameM paraspara vArtAlApa cala rahA hai|) 1lA vyakti --zreSThI mAnava hai yA vajra / bAlaka ko nAga kATe aura use pUjana kI hI dhuna banI rahe ? asambhava hai| 2rA vyakti - aghera kara diyA bhAI zreSThI ne to / aisA nirmohI pitA to Aja taka nahIM dekhA / 3rA vyakti---bagulA bhagata hai pUrA / pradarzana kara rahA hai / bAlaka ke bacane ke lakSaNa nahIM dikhte| 1lA vyakti---upAya kiyA jAtA to baca bhI jAtA / para apane hI hAyoM apane paira para kulhADI paTakI jA rahI hai| 2rA vyakti--(nirAzA ke svara meM) bahuta vilamba ho cukA, aba koI bhI upAya vyartha siddha hogA / 1lA vyakti----bAlaka kI aisI hI honahAra hogii| 2rA vyakti--bandhu ! yaha to vaisA hI huA ki 'chalanI meM dUdha duheM aura bhAgya ko doSa deN|'... 3rA vyakti--vicitra vyakti hai zreSThI dhanaMjaya / (jinAlaya A gayA / zreSThI abhI bhI pUjana meM tanmaya hai / vasumatI bAlaka ko unake caraNoM meM DAla detI hai|) vasumatI--(roSa evaM viSAda bhare svara meM) mApa pUjana hI karate rahe / bAlaka kI rakSA kA koI dhyAna mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 3-5

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nahIM ? nirdayatA kI sImA lAMgha gaye zra eSThI ! koI pitA itanA nirdaya hotA hai| ekamAtra kA bhI Apako dhyAna nahIM ?...... . ( rudana se avaruddha svara meM ) yadi caMdra ko kucha ho gayA to ?............... maiM Apase sambandha viccheda kara lU~gI / [ caMda samaya pazcAt zreSThI dhanaMjaya kI pUjana samApta hotI hai| ve eka dRSTi mUcchita nizva eTa bAlaka para DAlakara tatkAla punaH zAMta bhAva se svapna meM DUba jAte haiM / gadgad ho unakI AMkhoM se mAnaMdAzra bharane lagate haiN| zreSThI ke stavana ke svara sunAI par3ane lagate haiM / stavana kI mArmikatA kA bodha hote hI zanaiH zanaiH kolAhala zAMta ho jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno jana jana sammohita ho eka hI pravAha meM nizceSTa bahA jA rahA hai / ) dhanaMjaya - he prabhu! Apake samIpa yadyapi vaibhava ke nAma para eka tRraNa bhI nahIM hai, tathApi bhApa pradbhuta dAnI haiM / satya hai ki prakicana vyakti tatkAla phala detA hai| jabaki vaibhavazAlI kRparaNa vilamba se bhI kucha nahIM detA / jaise zuSka girizikhara aneka saritAnoM ko pravAhita kara tRSita prANiyoM ko tRpta karatA hai| kintu pragAdha jalarAzi ke vRhad bhaNDAra sAgara ne kRpaNatA ke kAraNa sarita dAna to dUra eka bindu jala kA bhI dAna nahIM kiyA / vasumatI--pro bhakta pujArI ! ho jAyagI / dhanaMjaya - - (tanmayatA se bhaktirata haiM) he sarvajJa ! Apa apane traikAlika zrAtmasvabhAva meM sadaiva saMsthita haiM / zrataH prApakA avalokana grAtmadarzana meM nimitta mAtra ho vyakti ko zrAtmalAbha kA prapUrva mAnanda upalabdha karAtA hai| jabaki sAMsArika vizAla sampadA kisI ko kSaNa bhara bhI sukha nahIM de sakatI / kRpayA bAlaka kI rakSA kA upAya kreN| pUjana to phira bhI 1 lA vyakti -- dhanya hai zreSThI ! dhanya hai bhApako evaM dhanya hai ApakA AtmaguNAnurAga / satya hI ApakI bhakti advitIya hai / dhanaMjaya - - he vItarAga ! varadAna prApti kI tuccha AzA se prerita ho maiMne prApakI bhakti nahIM kI; kyoMki mujhe bhalIbhAMti jJAta hai ki Apa rAma se sambandha tor3a nispRhI ho gaye haiM / aura phira koI kisI ko de hI kyA sakatA hai ? pratyeka padArtha nirantara svakAryarata hai / phira bhI vinamra bhakta anAyAsa manovAMchita phala ko prApta kara letA hai| aisA kauna prajJAnI hai jo bRkSa se svayameva prApta hone vAlI chAyA kI yAcanA karegA ? pratyeka zrAtmA svabhAvata: akSaya sampattivAna hai / 3-6 ( zra eSThI dhanaMjaya canda kSaraNoM ko mauna ho jAte haiM / tatpazcAt bhUpraraNata ho namaskAra karate haiM aura phira muDane para patnI va mUcchita putra ko dekhate haiM / ) vasumatI -- ( vyaMgya se ) ho gaI zrApakI pUjA arcA ? zeSa raha gaI ho to vaha bhI pUrNa karaleM / dhanaMjaya - (zAMtipUrvaka) devI ! isa samaya tuma yahAM kaise calI AI ? zrora krodha ko bhI sAtha le vAI | candra ko kyA ho gayA hai ! mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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vasumatI-pApako lajjA nahIM pAtI aisA kahate ? apane lADale candra ko nAga ne Dasa liyA hai aura bhApa pUjana meM magna haiM / dhikkAra hai aisI bhakti ko| dhanaMjaya--krodha ko dhikkAra karo devI ! kaSTa deha prAtmavidroha mata kro| krodha kA viSa nAga ke viSa se adhika bhayaMkara hai; jo nirantara prAtmazAnti ko naSTa kara rahA hai| viSa kA viSa se zamana nahIM hotaa| zAMtidhAraNa kro| vasumatI--jisakA ikalautA putra nAga daMzana se cAra pAMca ghar3I se mUcchita par3A ho, usa prazAnta vyathita mAM ko zAnti kA upadeza diyA jA rahA hai ? zreSThin ! mere netroM ke sammukha mRtyu kI vibhISikA kA nagna tAMDava ho rahA hai| mAM kI mamatA abhI soI nahIM hai / zAMti dhAraNa karUM to kaise ! (mana viSAda se bhara pAtA hai / prAMsumoM kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai|) dhanaMjaya--devI ! dhairya rakho / prAyuSya zeSa hai, to bAlaka kI mUrchA zIghra TUTa jaaygii| [zreSThI dhanaMjaya prabhu ke abhiSeka kA jala bAlaka para chir3akate haiM / kSaNeka pazcAt candrakumAra prasannacita muskarAtA huA uThakara baiTha jAtA hai / jaya jayakAra kA janarava gUMja jAtA hai / saba dhanya dhanya kaha uThate haiM / vasumatI kA hRdaya gadgad ho jAtA hai| ve candra kumAra ko vakSasthala se lagA harSa vibhora ho jAtI hai / ] tatpazcAt... vasumatI--(prAyazcita ke svara meM) mujhe kSamA kareM nAtha ! maiM moha se bAvalI mamatA se prazAMta thii| dhanaMjaya---tumhArA doSa nahIM hai devI ! mithyA dRSTi ke viSa kA aisA hI dunivAra prabhAva hotA hai / jaba taka prANI dhana-jana meM mukha mAnegA; taba taka prazAMti hI hotI rhegii| vasumatI--taba kyA karU zreSThin ? dhanaMjaya--vastu sthiti kI svatantratA ko yathAvat samajhakara mAtmasAt hone kA sad prayatna kro| vasumatI-isakA sUtra kyA hai deva ! dhanaMjaya--apane prAtmA se atyanta pRthaka jana-dhana, yahAM taka ki mana ko bhI anukUla pratikUla banAne kI vRtti dukhada hai / saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM kI avasthAyeM svatantra rUpa se apane meM nirantara parivartita hotI rahatI haiM / karane karane kI vRtti se prAkula ho prAtmasvabhAva kI hatyA kyoM karo! vasumatI--na karane kI vRtti rUpa pAcaraNa to atyanta kaThina hai nAtha ! dhanajaya- pAcaraNa ke pUrva cintanapUrvaka aise vicAroM kA honA anivArya hai| vicAroM ke sudRr3ha hote hI tadrUpa prAcaraNa svayameva ho jAtA hai / prAcaraNa zArIrika kriyA kA nAma nahIM prAtma svabhAva meM ramaNa karane kA hai, jo antadhinA se prakaTa ho jAtA hai| vasumatI--prAtmasvabhAva kaisA hotA hai zreSThI ! dhanajaya--akSaya jJAna svarUpa / jJAnasvakA evaM prajJAna svako chor3akara anya kA saMvedana karatA hai| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71 3-7

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vasumatI- -- kAza ! yaha apUrva rahasya pahile jJAta ho jAtA / maiM to tana ke nAza ko hI cetana kA nAza mAna baiThI thI / zrAtmA ke ajara amaratva para kabhI dRSTi hI nahIM gaI / 3 jJAnaH sva para prakAzaka hai dIpa kI bhAMti / yadyapi vaha sabako dekhatA jAnatA hai: tathApi saMvedana apanA karatA hai / 4 yA vyakti -- maiMne kahA thA na ki zreSThI dhanaMjaya kI bhakti prapUrNa hai / jisakI dRSTi meM jar3a padArthoM kI nazvaratA evaM caitanya kI zAzvatatA pratyakSa ho jJAna jyoti jyotita ho uThI hai, vahAM ajJAna kA adhakAra praveza karane kA dussAhasa kaise kara sakegA ? (eka vAra punaH zreSThI kI jaya jayakAra kI dhvani nabha maNDala ko guMjA detI hai / zanaiH zanaiH saba apane gharoM kI ora lauTa par3ate haiM / ) 3-8 .....paTAkSepa muktaka cale andara karatanI kyA karegI hAtha kI mAlA, marI jaba taka na icchAeM mile na mokSa kA pyAlA / agara hai mokSa kI icchA to kAkA mana karo vaza meM, tumhArI vAsanAoMoM ne tumheM barabAda kara DAlA // mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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vizAla jana medanI ko sabhA ke mantrI zrI bAbUlAla seThI sambodhita karate hue kSamApana parva samAroha 1976 kSamA ke mahatva ko batalAte hue zrI mohana chaMgANI, mantrI rAjasthAna sarakAra

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kahAnI usakIkahAnI:na maraNa namokSa -zrI sureza sarala, jabalapura lambI vizila ke bAda kaNDakTara ne choTI-choTI se muskarAyA, phira budabudAne jaisI kucha aspaSTa do vizila paura dii| basa ke cakke ghUme ki eka prAvAja meM prApa hI bolA-rAyapura to maiM bhI jA pAdamI sphUrti ke sAtha basa meM ghusa aayaa| usane rahA huuN| maiM cupa rhaa| usane aba dUsarA prazna yahA~ vahAM najara daudd'aaii| sabhI sITeM bharI najara AI kiyA- 'to mApa jabalapura meM hI rahate haiM ?" "hAM" use / "khaira gAr3I to mila gaI" zAyada vaha socate saMkSipta meM hI maiMne kahanA cAhA thA / "maiM to hue usane apane mAthe para hAtha pheraa| vaha pasIne kI rAyapura kA rahane vAlA huuN| yahAM rilezana meM pAyA navajAta bUdoM ko poMcha rahA thaa| tabhI merI dRSTi thaa| do dina rukA, prAja jA rahA huuN|" cehare para usakI dRSTi se milI to vaha prAtmIyatA ke bhAva banAvaTI ha~sI lAkara maiMne isa bAra kucha ThIka se cehare para lAkara bolA mujhase-"bhAI sAhaba, Apako kahA-pracchA ! vaha phira bolane lagA-bher3AghATa bahuta sAiDa meM koI nahIM hai ?" mere uttara kI pratIkSA pasanda AyA mujhe / jaba pAThaveM daje meM thA to isI kiye vagaira hI vaha mAge bolA-'maiM baiTha sakatA hU~' bher3AghATa para eka nibandha likhane diyA gayA thA eka bAlasulabha svaccha muskAna usake moThoM para khila parIkSA meN| taba maine tapAka se prazna kiyaagii| tabhI Age kI sITa se do yuvatiyoM ne use "phira ?"-phira kyA dekhA to nahIM thA kintu dekhaa| kucha kahe vagaira maiM eka tarapha ho gyaa| vaha paM0 bhavAnIprasAda tivArI kA eka lekha par3hA thA hole se mere bAjU meM baiTha gyaa| usakI TikaTeM ho apanI pAThya pustaka meN| basa usI ke prAdhAra para cukI thii| kaNDakTara TikaTeM milA rahA thaa| gAr3I dhar3Adhar3a likha diyA aura usameM acche nambara bhI mAge bar3hane lagI thii| mile the| punaH usakI AvAja meM kucha badalAhaTa dhanTe bhara bAda hI DrAivara ne andara kI lAiTa prAyI aura vaha pUchane lagA-mApa jAnate haiM paM0 bujhA dI / taba bAhara kA andhakAra balAt bhItara bhavAnIprasAda tivArI ko? usake sahaja prazna para ghusa mAyA, kAlimA kI eka patalI jhillI pasara mujhe haMsI mA gaI / maiM haMsatA huprA bolA-ho gaI thii| gAr3I kA phATaka vidhavA ke ikalaute pUta bacapana se| kI taraha zora kara rahA thA, to bAjU vAle ne hAtha basa kI tIvra gati maMthara hone lgii| koI baDhAkara use bhItara kI ora eka jhaTake se khIMca bastI prAne vAlI thii| jaMbhAI prAne kA krama TaTa liyaa| zora banda ho gayA / gAr3I bar3hI jA rahI thii| na rahA thaa| basa rukane para usane mujhe cAya pIne "kahiye mApa kahAM jAiyegA ?" usane mujhase ke lie anurodha kiyaa| hama loga cAya pIne pUchA / maiM utsAha ko banda karate hue bolA-"basa lge| merI cAya samApta ho ki usane cAya kA rAyapura taka !" yaha sunakara vaha eka mIThI muskAna paisA cukA diyA / hama phira basa meM prA gaye / rAtri mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 3-9

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dasa ke Upara ho calI thii| maiM aba apane sthAna DrAivara loga gAr3I mor3ane ke pUrva use dhImI para so jAnA cAhatA thaa| mere kAMdhe para hAtha taka nahIM karate aura phira jora-tora se breka lagAte gar3AtA huA vaha bolA-'kahiye pApa sAhitya meM haiM. isase sAiDa ke cakke taka uTha jAte haiM / aise meM kyA pasanda karate haiM gadya yA padya ?' eka kRtrima yadi gAr3I na sambhale, to saba mare / vaise bhI TAyara sahajatA vANI meM pirokara usane mujhase pUchA thaa| jyAdA ghisate haiN|" maiMne usake santoSa ke liye "sirpha sAhitya"-isa bAra merI Tona meM gaMbhIratA madhyama svara meM DrAivara ko pukArA - "dhIre calAyo kama baMkuratA adhika thii| phira bhI vaha haMsA aura bhAI, jaldI kisa bAta kI hai / " sabhI loga tandrA cupa ho gyaa| meM jhUma rahe the| zAyada DrAivara ke sAtha sAtha kisI __basa kramazaH begavatI hotI jA rahI thii| jaba yAtrI ne bhI mere zabdoM para dhyAna nahIM diyA / pA~kha khulatI to rAta kI kAlimA ke garbha meM par3I meM 12 baja cuke the| bar3I sUI choTI ke gAr3I kI AvAja bhara hameM sunAI par3atI thii| maiM sAtha ekAkAra ho gaI thii| samaya jAte dera nahIM kSaNa bhara ko jAgatA mora phira so jAtA / ekA. lgtii| gAr3I 50-60 kI gati para thI, phira bhI eka usane mujhe jhakajhora diyA-"dekhiye bhAI sAhaba, samaya kI gati mujhe adhika vegavAna lgii| maiM phira yaha DrAivara kitanI rapha gAr3I calAtA hai| abhI tandrA ke bahakAve meM prAne lgaa| 'DrAivara gAr3I aba gAr3I bAMyI ora kATI thI na, taba dAMyI ora roko' eka sazakta prAvAja gADI meM graja gaI / ke cakke sar3aka ke Upara uTha gaye the / Apa to prAvAja ke bala para kaNDakTara ne bhI eka dIrgha so rahe haiM / " usake kahane para mujhe yAda AyA to vizila dii| gAr3I rukane ke lie dhImI hone lagI, lagA-hAM kSaNa bhara pahale gAr3I meM khiMcAva ke sAtha bhItara kI battiyAM jala uThIM, dekhA to gAr3I ke jhaTakA lagA thaa| maiMne kahA-rAta kA samaya hai / andara sAmAna rakhane kI paTTI para se eka paTecI sar3aka sUnI hai| isIlie zAyada DrAivara khule dila se gAr3I calA rahA hai / "are nahIM sAba, DrAivara saraka kara mere bAjU vAle ke sira para prA girI thii| krodha se usakI A~kheM pahale se bar3I aura ko roko, nahIM to gAr3I ulaTate meM samaya nahIM raktima ho par3I thiiN| vaha sahamI sahanI AvAja meM lgegaa|" vaha kucha zikAyata ke svara meM bolA jhallA rahA thA.. gADI dhIre calAiye na kyoM thaa| maiM kucha kahe vagaira phira nIMda meM pAne lgaa| pAMkheM mudane lagIM / sAhUkAra ko dekhakara bhAge hue bhAgama-bhAga macAye ho ? kisI kI jAna lenA hai karjadAra kI taraha gADI bhAgI jA rahI thI, yAtrI kyA ? ki itane meM mAr3I ruka par3I, para yaha kyA mataMgI se hila rahe the| gAr3I rukI to yaha pIche lur3hakane lgii| hama sabako prAbhAsa ho gayA ki pIche kI sar3aka kA gaharA ___ sar3aka ke sAtha TAyaroM ke gharSaNa kI eka DhAla hai| DrAivara hairAna hokara khaTAkhaTa breka lagA bhayaMkara AvAja huI / eka khichAva-sA lagA zarIra rahA thA / gADI luDhakatI hI jA rahI thI / DrAivara ko aura taba jhaTake se dUsarI sITa kI tarapha uchala jhajhalAkara jora-jora se var3abar3AyA-baka nahIM laga gaye the hama log| rahe haiN| usakI kriyAoM meM sphUrti prA gaI thii| __gAr3I ko isa taraha mor3A jAnA mujhe bhI isa gAr3I ke luDakane meM aba vega mA gayA thA / bAra kucha ajIba sA lgaa| pAjU vAlA isa bAra DrAivara ne ekadama gAr3I ko geyara meM DAla diyA / dabI mAvAja ko sApha karate hue bolA-dekhA eka choTA sA jhaTakA lagA hama logoM ko, para mApane kitanA zArpa mor3a thA vaha, aura ye gAr3I rukI nhiiN| DrAivara ne kSaNa bhara ke liye 3-10 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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palaTa kara dekhA phira cillAyA- 'pIche Teka lagAnI jaldI / ' sunate hI, mere bAjUvAlA gAr3I ke phATaka ko eka jhaTake se kholakara tatparatA se bAhara kUda gayA / usake bAda zAyada maiM yA kaNDakTara bAhara kUdatA ki gAr3I saMtulana kho baiThI mora dhar3Ama khaTAkhaTTa dhar3Ama kI AvAja se phATaka ke bala vaha eka khaMDahara meM gira gii| zrAge mahilAyeM cillAI, jaise eka sAtha saikar3oM zraurateM bhayabhIta hokara cItkAra kara rahI / baccoM kA koharAma alaga sunAI de rahA thaa| sabhI yAtrI kucha na kucha cillA rahe the| koI bhagavAna kA nAma le rahA thA / kucha cillA rahe the| mere pairoM meM kAphI coTa bhA gaI thii| koI khir3akI tor3akara bAhara nikalA to kisI ne DrAivara ke sAmane kA kAMca tor3akara rAstA banAyA / yAtrI bAhara thA gaye the| jinheM sA coTa thI ve baccoM aura mahilAoM ko nikAlane lge| pAMca miniTa meM saba bAhara zrA cuke the / kolAhala zAMta hone lagA / gAr3I gaDDa meM zrArAma sA kara rahI thii| pharsTa eDa kA bAksa aba kAma AyA, kaNDakTara baccoM ko Ticara lagA rahA thA / Dara zraura dahazata kama hone para sabane eka dUsaroM ko dekhA / kisI ko gambhIra coTa na prA pAI thI / sAdhAraNa noMca kharoca hI thii| phira bhI loga andhakAra meM ghabar3A rahe the / bacce pAnI mAMgane lage / ma mUrchA kI sthiti meM hama saba eka vRkSa ke samIpa par3e rahe / kucha loga bhAgya para zrIra kucha DrAivara para doSa prAropita karane lge| tabhI pIche se eka anya basa prAtI dikhii| hameM lagA hanumAnajI saMjIvanI lekara zrA rahe haiN| hamArI becanI kama hone lagI / DrAivara aura kaNDakTara ne eka sAtha hAtha uThAye / basa thama gii| isa basa ke logoM ko ghaTanA samajhate dera na lagI / hama logoM kA sAmAna pahicAna pahicAna kara isa basa para mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 rakhA jAne lagA / Tahalate TaTalate sabhI jana basa meM baiThane lage / kaNDakTara ne AvAja lagAI - "saba loga haiM na bhAI.... apane apane bAjUvAloM ko dekha lenA / " " bAjU vAloM ko" / zrAvAja sunI to mujhe apane bAjU vAle kI yAda bhAI / maiM binA kucha soce ekadama jora se cillAyA- merA bAjUvAlA nahIM hai bhaaii| mujhe eka ghabarAhaTa huii| mujhe lagA maiM apane kisI sage-sambandhI ko bAhara chor3a AyA huuN| maiM basa se utara kara gaDDa meM par3I basa kI zrIra bhAgA / eka sAtha 2-3 TArce merI zrora jyotizikhA bikherane lagIM / kucha loga mere pIche ho zrAye / maiMne DrAivara ke sAmane vAle phUTe kAMca meM se jhA~ka kara dekhA / vaha bhItara nahIM thaa| kiMkartavyavimUr3ha kI sthiti meM hote hue bhI maiM gAr3I ke usa tarapha pahuMcA to mere sAtha kaI svara cillAye"vaha dabA par3A hai / " ca ca ca... maiM usa para jhuka gyaa| isakI chAtI para basa kA vajana thA / chAtI ke nIce kA bhAga phATaka kI bhar3Asa meM surakSita thaa| usake sira se khUna nikala rahA thaa| vaha besudha thA / maiM tar3apa kara usake sira para hAtha pherane lgaa| logoM ne jora dekara basa kI bADI ko kucha Upara ko humasAyA aura isI bIca do logoM ne use bAhara khIMca liyaa| usakI prAMkheM khulI thIM kintu cetanA jA cukI thI / maiM luTA sA raha gayA / mere prasU usa sUkhI kAlI rAta meM zrAtA bharane lage / vaha merI mora dekha rahA thaa| mujhe lagA vaha apanA vAkya doharA rahA hai- "do dina rukA, prAja jA rahA hUM / " zAyada yahI usakA zAzvata paricaya thA / zraura yahI usakI "zriya yAtrA" thI / zyAma vibhAvarI meM vibhItihIna zAMti nirmita ho gaI / usakI yAtrA pUrNa ho gaI thI, hama rAste meM hI par3e the / 3-11

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SOSSAS ASSASASTAISUS ASASCHSANAAAAHANGOSSASAHAHAAAAASSANDRS ROSINAASAASAASAASAASAASAASAHAAHAN nara, nArAyaNa banA tor3akara karmoM kI jaMjIra * zrI kalyANa kumAra jaina, zazi, rAmapura pAramA kA sAkSAtkAra, aparigraha meM milatA hai satya ahiMsA saMyama, isa sukha kI prAdhArazilA hai yahI amaratA ke patha para jIvana ko le calatA hai isI tapovana meM prAtmA kA pramara phUla khilatA hai pariNAmoM kA puSTa pariramaraNa guraNa grAhaka gambhIra / antarmukha nirmala prAtmA ko pahicAne prativIra // saMyama niSkalaMka jIvana parameSThI pada kA vAtA ye hI mahaMta ke mAdhyama se mukti talaka pahu~cAtA janma maraNa ke cakravyUha se saMyama piNDa chur3AtA yahI kasoTI mAnava kI ujjvala bhaviSya nirmAtA nara nArAyaNa banA tor3akara karmoM kI jaMjIra / antarmukha nirmala AtmA ko pahicAne prativIra / / nirvikalpa asteya ahiMsA, pUrNa manobala dvArA ziva patha para bahane lagatI hai Atma gaMgA kI dhArA phira na abhIpsita rahate, mandira masjida maTha gurudvArA isameM siddhAvasthA kA dikhatA ananta ujiyArA apane meM dikhane lagatI hai apanI hI tasvIra / antarmukha nirmala prAtmA ko pahicAne prativIra / / sAMsArika vyApUrti hameM apane pana meM ulajhAtI apane bhraSTa-niyantraNa se yaha AtmA ko bahakAtI chIna hamArA antabala apanA svAmitva jamAto isa prakAra yaha prAraNo ko nita niruddezya bharamAtI mukti mArga avaruddha kiye rahatI isakI prAcIra / antarmukha nirmala prAtmA ko pahicAne prativIra / / MONUMUUWUS WEGGEWEEGSCOGS BODOWNowwODDDDDESIDDOOODOODoosvocacaosa 3-12 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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dRSTAnta ko lar3AI; lar3AI kA dRSTAnta * zrI nIraja jaina, ema0 e0, satanA, samAja meM do udAharaNoM yA dRSTAntoM ko prartha aura bhAvArtha atyanta spaSTa haiN| kisI bhI lekara prAyaH vivAda ke bAdala ghumar3a rahe haiN| kavi. prakAra usakA yaha artha nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA ki vara banArasIdAsakI- "sUkara ke lekheM jasa purISa 'puNya viSThA hai|' yadi hama isa udAharaNa ke pakavAna hai" yaha pakti varSoM se mAlocya aura samA- prAdhAra para puNya ko viSThA kahanA prArambha kareM to locya banI birAja rahI hai / idhara kucha samaya se pa. vaha, kavivara ke matAnusAra, zUkara kI hI dRSTi se dIpacandajI kA eka gadya udAharaNa carcA kA viSaya sambhava hai| vicAra hameM karanA par3egA ki tattvahai jisakA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki- "jisa strI kA vizleSaNa karane vAle jijJAsu kI dRSTi se hameM bAta pati banA huA hai, vaha yadi anya puruSa se bhI garbha ko samajhanA hai yA mAtra apane pUrvAgraha kI puSTi ke dhAraNa kare to use doSa na lge|" liye puNya ko viSThA siddha karate huve suara kI dRSTi se use dekhanA hai| maiMne ukta donoM vidvAna lekhakoM ke uparokta udAharaNa saprasaMga par3he haiN| bAta atyanta sIdhI hai| banArasIdAsajI kA isa taraha kA udAharaNa lekhaka jo vivecana kara rahA thA usa para ekadeza rakhanA jaina sAhitya meM koI naI bAta nahIM / bAta ThIka baiThatA huA bhI udAharaNa jo jaisA sAmane ko samajhane ke liye bar3e-bar3e prAcAryoM ne isa taraha prAyA, usane prastuta kara diyA / dRSTAnta ko eka- ke udAharaNoM kA sahArA liyA hai / do hajAra varSa deza mahIM mAna kara usakA sarvadeza praucitya siddha pahale hamAre mahAn prAcArya bhagavan samantabhadra ne karane kA haThAgraha yadi hama kareMge to nizcita ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra ke antima padya meM yaha hI vivAda janma leNge| mAlinya bar3hegA / hama yahI kAmanA kI hai ki samyaktva rUpI dRSTi lakSmI mujhe kara rahe haiN| isI prakAra sukhI karo jisa prakAra kAminI strI - banArasIdAsajI usa mohI gRhastha kI bAta kAmI puruSa ko santuSTa karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, bhagavAn ne isa eka hI chanda meM apanI dRSTi lakSmI karanA cAhate haiM jisakI dRSTi se mokSa ke mUlabhUta ko kAminI, jananI aura kanyA ke rUpa meM rakhakara mabhiprAya skhalita ho cuke haiM aura puNya hI jise apane liye sukha, rakSA aura pavitratA kI kAmanA apane puruSArtha kA parama zreSTha phala dikhAI detA hai| unakA Aropa hai ki jisa prakAra zUkara-kUkara kI hai| yahAM maiM zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra kI prAdi ko viSThA hI sabase bar3A pakavAna pratIta vyAkhyA sahita usa chanda ko pravikala uddhRta kara rahA hUMhotA hai usI prakAra mohI jIva ko puNya hI sabase bar3A paramArtha dikhAI detA hai / udAharaNa kA sukhayatu sukhabhUmiH kAminaM kAminIva mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 3-13

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sutamiva jananI mAM zuddhazIlA bhunaktu / kulamiva guraNabhUSA kanyakA saMpunItAnjina pati-pada-padma prakSiNI dRSTilakSmI / vyAkhyA - "yaha padya zrantya maMgala ke rUpa meM hai / isameM granthakAra mahodaya svAmI samantabhadra ne jisa lakSmI ke liye apane ko sukhI karane zrAdi kI bhAvanA kI hai vaha koI sAMsArika dhana-daulata nahIM hai, balki vaha saddRSTi hai jo grantha meM vagita dharma kA mUla prAraNa tathA prAtmotthAna kI pranupama jAna hai aura jo sadA jinendradeva ke caraNakamaloM kA -- unake prAgamagata pada-vAkyoM kI zobhA kA nirIkSaNa karate rahane se panapatI, prasannatA dhAraNa karatI aura vizuddhi evaM vRddhi ko prApta hotI hai / svayaM zomA sampanna hone se use yahAM lakSmI kI upamA dI gayI hai / usa dRSTi lakSmI ke tIna rUpa haiM-eka kAminI kA dUsarA jananI kA aura tIsarA kanyA kA / / / 150 / / ye kramazaH sukhabhUmi, zuddhazIlA tathA guNabhUSA vizeSaNa se viziSTa haiN| kAminI ke rUpa meM svAmI ne yahAM apanI usa dRSTi sampatti kA ullekha kiyA hai jo unheM prApta hai, unakI icchAoM kI pUrti karatI rahatI hai aura unheM sukhI banAye rakhatI hai / usakA samparka barAbara banA rahe. yaha usakI pahalI bhAvanA hai / jananI ke rUpa meM unhoMne apanI isa mUla dRSTi kA ullekha kiyA hai jisase unakA rakSaNa pAlana zurU se hI hotA rahA hai aura unakI zuddhazIlatA vRddhi ko prApta huI hai| vaha mUla dRSTi zrAge bhI unakA rakSaNa - pAlana karatI rahe. yaha unakI dUsarI bhAvanA hai / kanyA ke rUpa meM svAmIjI ne prapanI usa uttaravartinI dRSTi kA ullekha kiyA hai jo unake vicAroM se utpanna huI hai, tattvoM kA gaharA manthana karake jise unhoMne nikAlA hai aura isIliye jisake ve svayaM janaka haiM vaha ni:zakitAdi guNoM se vibhUSita huI dRSTi unheM pavitra 3-14 kare aura unake gurukula ko UMcA uThAkara usakI pratiSThA ko bar3hAne meM samartha hove, yaha unakI tIsarI bhAvanA hai / " isa prakAra bhagavAna ne svayaM ko kAmI zraura dRSTi lakSmI ko kAminI kI upamA dI hai| yAnI hamAre jhagar3ane ke liye kAphI masAlA isa padya meM unhoMne de diyA hai / para nahIM, hameM yahAM bhI yaha viveka karanA par3egA ki zabda, pada aura vAkya, dRSTAnta ke zarIra haiM / usakI zrAtmA to usakA bhAvArtha yA zrabhiprata artha mAtra hai / kevala sandarbhahIna zabdArtha se lar3a par3e, yaha hamArI mUrkhatA hogI / dUsare udAharaNa ke sambandha meM vicAra karate samaya hameM do bAtoM para dhyAna denA pdd'egaa| pahalA lekhaka ke kAla kI samAna vyavasthA aura dUsarA usake zabdoM kA AdhAra / lekhaka apane AsapAsa samAja meM, rAjya meM, zrora deza meM jo kucha dekhatA hai usakA pratibimba usake lekhana para anivAryataH par3atA hai / isIliye sAhitya ko samAja kA darpaNa kahA gayA hai | chahaDhAlA meM samyakadRSTi jIva ke sAMsArika bhogoM ke sambandha ke udAharaNa bar3e saTIka haiN| 'nagara nAri ko pyAra' aura kAMdhe meM hema' hamezA samajha meM zrAte rahe haiM / gariNakA kA pyAra pradarzana zrarthaprApti kI dhurI para ho to ghUmatA hai / parantu budhajanajI kI chahaDhAlA meM eka udAharaNa mAyA hai 'jyoM satI nAri tana ko sigAra / ' isa paMkti kA bhI yahI artha par3hA, sunA, samajhA aura mAnA ki satI strI apane tana kA zrRMgAra kevala apane pati ko rijhAne ke liye karatI hai| usakI sajjA para puruSa ke liye lezamAtra bhI nahIM hai / kucha varSo pUrva rAjasthAna kA itihAsa par3hate samaya aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM vahAM pracalita satI prathA kA romAMcakArI varNana par3hane ko milA / budhajana usa satIprathA ke pratyakSa sAkSI banakara hI mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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apanI lekhanI calA rahe the / ve dekha rahe the ki varaNa samAja meM nahIM thaa| isa pariprekSya meM apane citArohaNa karane ke pahale nArI kI deha sola hoM udAharaNa ke dvArA paMDitajI sirpha itanA kahanA zRgAra se saMskArita kI jA rahI hai| kintu usakA cAhate haiM ki bhale hI koI strI apane zIla se Digamana isa zRgAra ke prati ekadama udAsIna hai| kara kisI anya pu Sa dvArA garbhadhAraNa karale parantu apanI pAramparika prAsthA ke kAraNa usakI aDiga jaba taka usakA pati maujUda hai taba taka aisI strI dhAraNA hai ki vitArohaNa karate hI usake pati se ke prAcaraNa para sandeha prakaTa karanA. doSa lagAnA usakA cira milana asaMdigdha hai| zarIra saMskAra yA daNDita karanA samAja ke liye sambhava nahIM hai / usa ciramilana kI prastAvanA ke rUpa meM prava- strI apane pati kA tyAga kara de. pati svayaM use zyambhAvI evaM anibArya hai| aisA socakara vaha nArI lAMchita kara de yA, usase judA rahane lage taba tana ke zRgAra ko apane ciramilana meM bAdhaka sthiti badala jAyegI / eka sahaja bAta ko samajhAne mAnate hue bhI usakI anivAryatA ko svIkAra ke liye paDitajI ne eka bahuta sahaja udAharaNa karatI hai| kintu usakI dRSTi meM usakA priyatama prastuta kiyA hai| isameM unhoMne jarA bhI isa bAta jhUlatA hai, zRgAra nahIM / aise hI jJAnI jIva ke ko vakAlata nahIM ki aisI vyabhicAriNI strI jJAna meM pratiSThita hone ke pUrva, udaya meM mAye hue kevala apane pati ke astitva ke kAraNa sacamuca hI bhogoM se use nibaTanA par3atA hai / kintu taba bhI nirdoSa banI rahegI aura usake zIla ko koI doSa usakI dRSTi meM prAtmA jhUlatI hai, bhoga nahIM / budha- nahIM lagegA yA use kisI azubha karma kA bandha nahIM janajI ne jJAnI kI jisa mAnasika vikalatA kA hogA / ina saba bAtoM kA yahAM koI prasaga hI citraNa satI nArI ke mAdhyama se dikhAnA cAhA hai nahIM hai| unake usa mahAna prAzaya ko tAtkAlika satIprathA kI ora dekhe binA samajha lenA sambhava hI maiM samAja ke jijJAsU bhAI-bahinoM se atyanta nahIM hai| namratApUrvaka yaha kahanA cAhatA hUM ki svAdhyAya hameM paMDita dIpacandajI ke udAharaNa ko isI karate samaya zabdArtha aura matArtha ke sAtha bhAvArtha kasauTI para kasanA hogaa| unakA samaya sAmAjika ko bhI samajhane kA prayatna kreN| apanI rur3hiyoM aura jaTilatAnoM kA samaya thA / vyakti pUrti ke liye vidvAnoM ke vAkyoM kA khIMcatAna samAja ke anuzAsana se bahuta adhika jakar3A hagrA vAlA artha lagAnA aura use pracArita karanA thA / usake choTe-bar3e sabhI prAcaraNoM kI samAja ImAnadArI nahIM hai / itanA praura ki dRSTAnta kI dvArA anuvIkSA kI jAtI thI aura usake hara eka ekadeza ghaTAkara usase dASrTAnta ko samajhane kI skhalana ke liye daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| prAja jaisA koziza karanI cAhiye / dRSTAnta ko savaMdeza satya vyAkta svAtantrya kA prathavA ucchakhalatA kA vAtA. nahI mAnanA caahiye| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 1 3-15

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JOOOOOOOOOOOO - paM0 premacandra "divAkara", sAgara 1. sacAI se Daro nahIM / candana ke tarunoM meM bhujaMga lipaTane para bhI surabhi samApta nahIM hotI / 2. prAruNika jIvana utkarSakArI aura zrAnandaprada hotA hai / 3. dekhAdekhI se nahIM, apanI dRr3ha zraddhA zraura jJAna se kArya karanA hai / 4. duniyA~ eka raMgamaMca hai, 75 varSa karIba taka kalAkAra nATaka ke kisI eka pAtra kI taraha kA abhinaya kara mRtyu ke nepathya meM calA jAtA hai / pratyeka ko nepathya meM niyama se jAnA | ataH acchA abhinaya kalyANa kA paigAma hai / 5. prema, hRdaya kI nirmalatA kA phala hai / 6. ahiMsA : - - udAratA samAnatA aura prazAnti nivAraka hai / 7. jJAnI jana kaSToM aura prabhAvoM meM bhI sukhAnubhUti karate haiM / prAcaraNa manuSya jIvana kA parama ratna hai / 9. rukane kA nahIM, gati kA nAma jIvana he / 10. hama himmatI haiM, use jAgRta vikasita praura anubhava meM lAne kI AvazyakatA hai / 11. kArya kI saphalatArthaM usake kAraNa aura pariNAma kA vicAra karanA cAhiye / 12. jyAdA dUra dekhane kI apekSA pAsa meM adhika dekho / 13. dUsaroM ke pahile svayaM ko sudhAro / 14. hameM jIvana meM jIne kI kalA bhI sIkhanA hai / 15. dUsaroM se sahAyatA kI prAzA na rakhakara svayaM apane sahAyaka bano / 16. sadaiva khuzanajara Ane kA abhyAsa karanA hai / 17. varSA, divAkara, nadI, phala aura Izvara kisI se bheda nahIM karatA, balki niravAMchita samAna vyavahAra karate haiM / 8. vicAra-biMdu 18. pratipala jJAnArjana karate rahanA hai / yahI aMgUra, rabar3I, svarNa, makhamalI saiyA, rAkeza, vAyuyAna, durabIna, relagAr3I, divAkara aura svayaM svarUpa hai / Upara dekhane ke pUrva adhobhAga ko nirakha lenA cAhiye / 19. 20. 21. 3-16 vicAroM meM mahAnatA, mahatvAkAMkSA, pavitratA aura pUrNatA avazya hI ho / jJAna- prAnanda aura parama zAMtirUpa hai / 2000 F mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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munizrI 108 zrI munisuvratasAgarajI mahArAja vizAla janasamudAya ke samakSa pravacana karate hue saccA cAhi kSamApana samAroha 1976 mukhya atithi zrI mohana chaMgANI kA svAgata karate hue sabhA ke pradhyakSa zrI rAjakumAra kAlA nirvANotsava samAroha 1976 ku0 prIti jaina maMgalAcaraNa karate hue .

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samaya kI mA~ga * DaoN. jayakizanaprasAda khaNDelavAla, prAgarA jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM samaya kI mAMga ko sarAhA aura apane DhaMga se ve ise prayoga meM bhI mahattva diyA jAtA hai| cAhe vaha bhautika kSetra ho lAye / hameM prasannatA kI bAta hai ki yaha aparigraha yA prAdhyAtmika, sAMskRtika kSetra ho yA sAhityika. maNuvrata ke rUpa meM vyaktigata kalyANa kI dRSTi se samaya ke anusAra logoM kI vicAradhArA parivartita jyApaka rUpa meM apanAyA gyaa| nirvANotsava ko hotI rahatI hai / kucha prAndolana sthAyI prabhAva upalabdhiyoM kA mUlyAMkana huA hai aura isa tathya vAle hote haiM, jinakA gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai| ve para sabhI ekamata haiM ki vyApaka jAgRti huI hai| yugAdarza ko prastuta karate haiN| mahAvIra nirvANotsava eka hI bAta hai ki hameM upalabdhiyoM ko saMjokara ke upalakSa meM deza-videza meM jo bhI gatividhi rakhanA hai. use apane jIvana kA aMga banAnA hai| dikhAI par3I, unameM se kucha ke dUragAmI pariNAma truTiyoM kI ora dRSTipAta karane kA samaya hoNge| yathA, jaina darzana ke anekAntavAda ko hama nahIM hai| prAja ke yuga kI mAMga kaha sakate haiN| isa para aneka dRSTikoNa se vicAra humA maura yaha vAda aneka ____sAdhu aura samAja kA dhaniSTha sambandha hai| dRSTikoNoM kA sammilita rUpa prastuta karatA hai| sAdhu-saMsthA ne sadaiva samAja kA mArga nirdezana kiyA saccAI ke sabhI pahaluoM ko hama jAna leM, tabhI hai aura zrAvaka pakSa bhI apanI pUrNa zraddhA se unako hama pUrNa satya ko prApta kara sakate haiM / jIvana kA pUjyatama vibhUti mAnatA hai / yuga kI mAMga hai ki sAdhu-saMsthA samAja ko jIvana-darzana ke samanvaya kA sthUla rUpa cAroM sampradAyoM ke eka prati navIna DhaMga se, prAdhunika zabdoM meM protsAhita dhvaja, eka maMca aura eka kAryakrama tathA 'sammaraNa- kare / unakI ruci dharma kI aora lagAve / NamokAra sUtra' ke prakAzana meM dikhAI par3A / yaha samanvaya mantra meM sAdhuoM kI koTiyAM dI huI haiM kintu jaina samAja meM kitane gaharAI se paiTha gayA hai, yahI pratyeka koTi meM bhI koTiyAM haiN| cAritra ko to samIkSya hai pora jitanI gaharAI se paiThA hai, utanA sadaiva mahattva diyA jAtA rahA hai aura bhaviSya meM hI lAbhakArI hai, manekAntavAda ke anurUpa hai| bhI yaha rahegA kintu dikhAve evaM rUr3hiyoM ko samAja isI prakAra aparigrahavAda kA siddhAnta bhI bahuta lAde nahIM rahanA cAhatA / samaya rahate isa dizA vyApaka siddha huA hai / vyakti se lekara rASTra taka meM pravRtta hone kI prAvazyakatA hai varana yuvA-jana ke jIvana meM isakI dhUma maca rahI hai / isake vyA- se hama kyA mAzA kara sakate haiN| unameM prAsthA kA vahArika pakSa para bhI cintana-manana humA hai / yaha prAyaH prabhAva hotA calA jA rahA hai / kisa prakAra yuga kI mAMga ke rUpa meM ubhara kara pAyA aura yuvAjana ke hRdaya meM dRr3ha prAsthA ho, dharma ke prati, isakI upayogitA ko rASTra ke netAoM ne samajhA, siddhAntoM ke prati, sAdhu saMsthA ke prati--ina praznoM mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 3-17

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para gambhIratA se vicAra karanA cAhiye / sAdhu vaha saba pUrNa humA, sampanna humA / aba to hameM saMsthA bhI vicAra kare aura zrAvaka jana bhI / sAdhu apane nirvANotsava kI taiyyAriyAM karanI haiM, utsava kI bhUmikA mAdhunika yuga ke pariprekSya meM kyA kare to pAne vAlI pIr3hI apanAvegI aura samApana ho ? yaha jvalanta prazna hai| hameM samAja ke lie to isakA kabhI hotA hI nahIM / yaha to pIr3hI dara kalyANakArI muddoM ko bhulAnA nahIM hai / mahAvIra pIr3hI calatA rahatA hai| hamArA dharma evaM darzana svAmI kA nirvANotsava pAne se pUrva bar3I taiyyA- paramparAvAdI hai, sRSTi kI paramparA hai / yuga kI riyAM kI jA rahI thIM, zatAbdI varSa meM bhI bar3e-bar3e mAMga kI bhI paramparA hai / jaina samAja ke mArgamAyojana evaM saMgoSThiyAM huI aura samApana varSa meM darzana hetu prabuddha sAdhaka agrasara hoM, aisI hamArI vicAra goSThiyoM meM upalabdhiyoM kA mUlyAMkana huaa| kAmanA hai / eka prakanna ? mahAvIra svAmI ke tuma ho rajisTarDa anuyAyI, eka prazna maiM kevala tuma se pUcha rahA huuN| pAja ahiMsA kI kyoM bilkula badala gaI paribhASA ? viphala ho gaI lagA rakhI thI satya dharma para prAzA, aura acaurya kahAM Tika sakatA bar3I parezAnI hai, kahA~ parigraha kI sImA jaba tRSNA manamAnI hai, brahmacarya kI huI prAjakala kitanI chIchAledara ? eka prazna meM kevala tuma se pUcha rahA huuN| pahale jaMsI kahA~ tumhArI, aba hai prAmANikatA ? tathA saralatA satyapriyatA, prathavA dharmAcaritA, apanA hRdaya TaTolo, aura soco hai kitanI khAmI ? kisa bUte para kahalAte ho, jaina dharma anugAmI ? khAnapAna meM lupta ho gaI jaba prAcAra niSThatA ? eka prazna meM kevala, tuma se pUcha rahA huuN| * zrI gulAbacanda jaina, vaidya, r3hAnA 3-18 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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nirvAraNa-zatI varSa kI mahAn upalabdhi ! prAcArya vinobA bhAve sarva dharma samabhAva tathA samanvaya ke lie nirantara preraNAdAyI bala dete rahe haiN| unakA sArA jIvana hI daloM ko jor3ane zraura unheM jor3e rahane kA rahA hai| isI jana-hita- dRSTi se unhoMne aneka dharma-granthoM para dUragAmI kArya kiyA hai| bhagavad gItA, veda, bAibila, kurAna, japujI zrAdi viziSTa prora janamAnya dharmavranthoM ke sAra-saMkalana taiyAra kiye aura dhammapada kI to unhoMne nava-saMhitA hI prastuta karadI / unakA gItA pravacana to prAja ghara ghara par3hA jA rahA hai| isI taraha ve cAhate the ki jainadharma kA bhI eka samanvayAhamaka tathA sarvamAnya grantha taiyAra ho / mahAvIra kI vANI bhI kAlamAnya ho / sarva sevA saMgha prakAzana kI ora se lagabhaga cAra varSa pUrva isa dizA meM prayAsa zurU kiyA gyaa| zrI jinendra varNI jI ke samakSa vinobAjI kI yaha bhAvanA rakkhI gaI, jo unake hRdaya ko sparza kara gaI / phalasvarUpa janavarI 1973 ke prArambha meM zrI varNIjI zrIra bAbA ke bIca brahma vidyA mandira pavanAra meM do dina taka isa para carcA huI aura usake bAda zrI varNIjI ne vinobA ke mArga darzana meM maryAdAmroM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue 430 gAthA pramANa " jaina dharma sAra" nAmaka grantha saMkalita kara diyA jo 11 sitambara 1973 ko vinobAjI ko samarpita kara diyA gyaa| unake prAdezAnusAra vaha grantha mudrita huprA paura bhArata ke sabhI sAdhunoM tathA vidvAnoM ke pAsa mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 * zrI pratApacandrajI jaina, nAgarA sammatyArtha bhejA gyaa| sabhI ne usameM gaharI ruci lI; aneka upayogI sujhAva shraaye| una sujhAvoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavariyA ne 570 gAthA - pramANa eka nayA saMkalana taiyAra kiyA; taduparAnta zrI varNIjI ne una sAre sujhAvoM praura usa naye saMkalana ko sAmane rakhakara 807 gAthA - pramANa " jirA dhamma" nAmaka grantha taiyAra kiyA / isa naye saMkalana para vicAra karane hetu 2930 navambara 1974 ko bhArata kI rAjadhAnI dillI meM vinobAjI kI preraNA aura saMgha ke hI satprayAsa se eka saMgIti prAyojita kI gaI / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava ke kAraNa prAyaH sabhI pradhAna jaina sAdhu- saMgha zraura vidvAna una dinoM sahaja hI dillI meM upalabdha ho gye| unameM zrAcAryazrI tulasIjI, zrI vijayasamudrasUrijI bhAcArya zrI dharmasAgarajI, upAdhyAya zrI vidyAnandajI muni munizrI suzIlakumArajI, munizrI nathamalajI evaM munizrI janakavijayajI sahita deza ke lagabhaga sabhI coTI ke vidvAna sammilita hue / zurU meM to hajAroM varSoM kI mAnyatA bhedarUpI dIvAra ko tor3a kara inakA ekatra honA hI prati kaThina laga rahA thA; aise grantha kA saMkalana to bahuta hI durddhara kArya thA tathA saMgIti kA prAyojana to bhora bhI duzvAra / coTI ke bidvAna hI nahIM munigaNa taka isa bAre meM saMdigdha the / lekina 3-19

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prAcArya vinobAjI ke zabdoM meM zrI vIra prabhu yaha gaurava grantha jaina dharma, jaina darzana tathA samanvayAcArya the, parama vIryavAna the aura mAdhyasthya jaina nyAya kA pUrNa paricaya pradAna karatA hai, isameM dRSTi sampanna the / unakI ahiMsA, anekAnta aura nizcaya pora vyavahAra tathA ina donoM kI samanvaya samatA kI payodhArA meM samasta matAgraha evaM vaira. rUpI triveNI kA bhavya darzana hotA hai| yaha cAra virodha samApta ho jAte haiM / eka zubha saMyoga hameM khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai (1) jyotirmukham-isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava : vyakti mithyAtva kI nimna bhUmi se uThakara rAgavarSa kI pAvana belA kA bhI milA / jabaki cAroM dveSa kA parihAra, kaSAya nigraha tathA indriya damana jaina saritAeM eka dhAra bana kara baha rahI thIM vaha karate hue uttama kSamA prAdi dasa dharmoM kI utkRSTa bhI sahAyaka siddha huA aura asambhava sambhava bana bhUmi meM praveza karatA hai aura apramAda kA yathArtha gyaa| paraspara vizvAsa kA jharanA phUTa par3A aura rUpa meM darzana karatA hai| (2) mokSa-mArga-isameM sabhI jaina AmnAyoM ke munirAja eka hI maMca para samyakadarzana, jJAna tathA cAritra kA bheda tathA prabheda virAjamAna hue / unakA hRdaya eka humA / svarUpa darzAyA hai| isI ke antargata zrAvaka tathA zramaNa-dharma kA vizada paricaya bhI prApta huvA hai, saMgIti 29 aura 30 navambara 1974 ko jisameM pravratI zrAvakoM ke lie pAMca aNuvrata va dillI ke aNuvrata vihAra tathA jaina bAlAzrama meM pATha zIlavrata tathA zramaNoM ke lie pAMca mahAvrata, do dina taka calatI rhii| hara gAthA para khUba pAMca samiti, tIna gupti, SaDAvazyaka karma, dhyAna, vicAra-manthana huA aura aneka sujhAva paaye| dvAdaza tapa tathA manuprekSA va saMlekhanA ke nizcayadigambara va zvetAmbara sabhI mAnyatAnoM ke vicAraka vyavahAra-paraka svarUpa sammilita haiN| (3) tatva evaM prAcAryagaNa usa mile jule saMkalana-grantha ko darzana-isameM sAta tatva, navapadArtha SaT dravya tathA adhikRta rUpa se sarvasammata mAnyatA dene ke lie sRSTi -vyavasthA kA varNana hai / (4) syAdvAda samudyata ho gaye / saMgIti meM sarvasammata nirNaya kA viSayaka isameM pramANa, naya, nikSepa, saptasaMgI, sampUrNa adhikAra sabhI jaina mAmnAyoM ke munirAjoM nyAya tathA sarva-dharma samanbaya kA bhavya rUpa sAmane ko sauMpa diyA gyaa| munigaNoM tathA zrI jinendra pAyA hai| varNIjI ne saMgIti ke pazcAt 6-7 dina taka grantha tIna bhASAnoM meM saMgrahIta hai / mUla lagAtAra ghaMToM baiThakara grantha kA parizodhita rUpa gAthAeM prAkRta kI haiN| unakI saMskRta chAyAeM tathA taiyAra kiyA aura usakA nAma 'samaraNa mutta" hindI anuvAda bhI haiM / prAcArya vidyAsAgarajI nirdhArita kiyA / ina sabhI munirAjoM ne 7 mahArAja isake hindI padyAnuvAda meM saMlagna hai / disambara san 1974 ko usa para apane hastAkSara karake use sarvamAnya ghoSita kiyaa| zrI varNIjI grantha ke gujarAtI, marAThI aura aMgrejI bhASAmoM meM taba use lekara bAbA ke pAsa pavanAra pahuMce / prakAzana kI yojanA bhI cala rahI hai| grantha nitya bAbAne use dekhakara ati prasannatA vyakta kI aura pArAyaNa yogya bana gayA hai| unhoMne bhI gadgada hRdaya se 12 disambara 1974 bAbA ne apane prAzIrvacana meM kahA hai ki mere ko hastAkSara karake usa 756 gAthA-pramANa-grantha- jIvana meM mujhe aneka samAdhAna prApta hue haiM / rAja ko nirvANa zatI varSa kI usa mahAn upalabdhi unameM pAkharI antima jo zAyada sarvottama samAdhAna ko apanA AzIrvAda pradAna kiyaa| hajAroM varSoM hai, isI sAla (1974-76) prApta huA hai| maiMne se palI prArahI bahuta bar3I kamI pUrI huii| kaI daphA jainoM se prArthanA kI thI ki jaise vaidika 3-20 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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dharma kA sAra gItA ke sAta sau zlokoM meM mila se bar3hakara kisI kA prasara mere citta para nahIM hai| gayA hai"vaise jainoM kA honA caahie| yaha jainoM usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mahAvIra ne jo prAjJA dI ke lie muzkila bAta thI, isalie ki unake, hai vaha bAbA ko pUrNa mAnya hai| prAjJA yaha ki bhaneka pantha haiM aura grantha bhI aneka haiM / Akhira satyagrAhI bno|"sb dharmoM meM, saba panthoM meM "saba varNI nAma kA eka bevakUpha nikalA aura bAbA kI mAnavoM meM satya kA jo praza hai use grahaNa karanA bAta usako jaMca gii| ve adhyayanazIla haiN|" . caahie|" unhoMne jaina dharma sAra" nAma kI eka kitAba prakAzita kii| usakI hajAra pratiyAM nikAlI aura jisa sarva-sevA-saMgha ne isa harakyUlisa kArya jaina samAja ke vidvAnoM ke pAsa tathA jaina samAja ko hAtha meM liyA aura use mUrtarUpa diyA usake ke bAhara ke vidvAnoM ke pAsa bhejdiiN| vidvAnoM ke sambandha meM bhI yahAM do zabda kaha denA asaMgata nahIM sujhAvoM para kucha gAthAoM kA haTAnA, kucha kA hogaa| sarva-sevA-saMgha gAMdhI jI dvArA pravartita tathA jor3anA. yaha sArA karake "jiNa dhamma" kitAba saMcAlita vibhinna racanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA eka prakAzita kii| phira usa para carcA karane ke lie milA julA saMgaThana hai| saMgha ke prakAzana vibhAga bAbA ke pAgraha se eka saMgIti baiTho mora usameM ne vinobAjI kI bhAvanA ko amalI jAmA pahanAne muni, prAcArya aura dUsare vidvAna, zrAvaka milakara ke lie isa prAyojana aura prakAzana kA dAyitva lagabhaga tIna sau lAga ikaTThe hue / bAra bAra carcA uThAyA hai / vAstava meM yaha kArya sampUrNa jaina karake phira usakA nAma bhI badalA, Akhira samAja kA hI thaa| aba yaha hamArA, pratyeka sarvAnumati se "zramaraNa-saktama' jise pradhaM mAgadhI satyAgrAhI kA pAvana dAyitva ho jAtA hai ki meM "samaraNa-sutta" kahate haiM tathA usameM 756 'samaraNa-sutta" ke dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI gAthAeM haiN| 7 kA prAMkar3A jainoM ko bahuta priya hai| kalyANakArI vANI nagara-nagara, ghara-ghara pahuMce / 7 aura 108 ko guNA karo to 756 banatA hai| yaha mAnava jagata ko unake 2500 ve nirvANa varSa paura taya kiyA ki caitra zuklA trayodazI ko vardhamAna kI eka anupama bheMTa hai| (isa grantha rAja kA vahI jayantI prAyagI jo isa sAla (1975) 24 sthAna hai jo gItA, bAibila, kurAna zarIpha aura paprela ko par3atI hai, usa dina vaha grantha atyanta dhammapada kA hai|) kyA hI acchA ho yadi aisI hI zuddha rIti se prakAzita kiyA jAyagA aura mAge ke eka aora saMgIti prAyojita kI jAya jo zramaNa loga jaba taka jaina dharma maujUda hai, taba taka sAre zrAvakoM ke lie isa badalate yuga ke pariprekSya meM naina loga aura dUsare loga bhI jaina dharma kA sAra eka prAgama-sammata sarvamAnya prAcAra sahitA taiyAra par3hate rheNge| eka bahuta bar3A kArya huprA hai, jo karade / vaha kAma bhI kama mahAna nahIM hogA / hajAra pandraha sau sAla meM humA nahIM thaa| usakA jaina dharma meM aneka Agama grantha haiM parantu unameM koI nimitta mAtra bAbA banA lekina bAbA ko pUrA eka bhI aisA grantha nahIM thA jo jaina samAja ke vizvAsa hai ki yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kRpA hai| sabhI anuyAyiyoM ko samAna rUpa se mAnya ho aura maiM kabUla karatA hUM ki mujha para gItA kA jaina dharma ke jijJAsugroM ko pratinidhi grantha ke rUpa meM gaharA prasara hai| usa gItA ko chor3a kara mahAvIra rikamenDa kiyA jA sake / bahAvIra jayantI smArikA 71 .3-21

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mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI zrI hajArIlAla jaina 'kAkA' sakarAra satpatha bhaTaka cukA hai mAnava bhUla gayA uddezya ko, mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI punaH jarUrata deza ko, Aja kSamA kI jagaha krodha kA hara mana para adhikAra hai, mAnavatA ThukarAI jAtI dAnavatA se pyAra hai, taja kara mAna kaSAya chor3anA hogA nakalI veSa ko, mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI puna: jarUrata deza ko, satya bhaTakatA bAjAroM meM jhUTha puja rahA hai ca pora, saMyama ke bAne meM lipaTe ghUma rahe khala kAmI cora, tapa se hameM zuddha karanA hai mana ke isa Aveza ko, mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI puna: jarUrata deza ko, icchAoM kA damana na aba mAnava ke vaza kI bAta hai, sAre jaga kI milai sampadA yahI phikara dina rAta hai, isI cakra meM ghUma rahA nara caina nahIM lavaleza ko, mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI punaH jarUrata deza ko, para vastu meM ramaNa kare phira bhI banatA brahmacArI hai, nija svarUpa ko bhUlA cetana aisA banA anArI hai, 'kAkA' lobha moha ko tyAgo rakho na laghu avazeSa ko, mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI mAja jarUrata deza ko, 3-22 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA " www.jainelib

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nava sAhitya kasauTI pr| "trizalA nandana mahAvIra" racayitA-zrI hajArIlAla jaina "kAkA bundelakhaNDI" sakarAra (jhAMsI) prakAzaka- seTha zrI bhagavAnadAsajI jaina, sAgara (ma. pra.) prAkAra- 20430/16 zrI hajArI 'kAkA' hAsya rasa ke jAne-mAne loka priya jaina kavi haiM / makti sa meM bhI inako lekhanI pUrNa tanmayatA se gotA lagA letI hai| prastuta pustaka meM vizva-vaMdya bhagavAna maha bora kI jIvanI ko kavi ne sarala, subodha evaM prADambara-hIna loka-bhASA meM chandobaddha prastuta kiyA hai / racanA vastutaH jaina jagat ko sAhityika dharohara bana gaI hai| 102 pRSThoM ko pustaka kA mUlya manana mAtra hai jo isakI pratirikta vizeSatA hai| mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77 3-23

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nigraMtha racayitA-kanhaiyAlAla seThiyA prakAzaka-bhIlavAr3A saMskRti saMsada, bhIlavAr3A (rAjasthAna) mudraka-- mAtAdIna DhaMDhAriyA, nezanala priMTa krAphTsa, 65 e, citaraMjana evenyU kalakattA-12 seThiyAjI vastutaH zabdoM ke seTha haiM / prastuta pustaka meM seThiyAjI ne dhArmika, dArzanika, sAMsArika jagata se sambandhita eka-eka zabda ko lekara jo racanAyeM dI haiM- ve vastutaH eka-eka hIrA haiM / gAgara meM sAgara hai / choTe choTe sUtroM meM jIvana va jagata kA gahana rahasya udghATita huA hai| pustaka meM kAgaja kA apavyaya jarUra huA hai| chapAI sundara hai kintu mAtra 82 peja ko pustaka kA mUlya 10) ru0 bahuta adhika hai| tIrthaMkara nirvANa cayanikA vizeSAMka, disambara 1676 saMpAdaka- DaoN. nemIcanda jaina prakAzaka-hIrA bhaiyA prakAzana, 65, patrakAra kaoNlonI, indaura mUlya 5) rupaye prAkAra- 18x22/8 - isa vizeSAMka meM jaina jagata ke zIrSastha vidvAnoM kI dhArmika evaM sAmAjika sAragabhita saMkSipta racanAyeM to haiM hI sAtha hI nirvANotsava varSa meM sampUrNa bhArata meM prakAzita jaina sAhitya kA bhI yaha digdarzana karAtA hai tathA nirvANotsava varSa kI upalabdhiyoM kA lekhAjokhA katipaya lekhakoM dvArA bar3e niSpakSa dRSTikoNa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 3-24 mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 77

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OOOOO caturtha khaNDa AMgla bhASA (English Section )

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"TRI-RATNA" IN JAIN PHILOSOPHY Dr. Prem Chand Jain M.A. Ph.D. Jain Darsanacharya Department of Sanskrit, University of Rajasthan, JAIPUR These are : (1) SAMYAG DARSAN right faith, (faith and perception combir ed;) (2) SAMAG JNANA right knowledge; (3) SAMYAK CHARITRA right conduct. See the three gems Right faith, right knowledge and right conduct have, therefore, come to be known in Jaina ethics as the three gems (three jewels) that shine in a good life. In the very first sutra of "Tattvarthadhigama-Sutra" Umasvami states this cardinal teaching of Jainism : The Path to liberation lies through right faith, right knowledge and right conduct.1 Liberation is the joint effect of these three. outra" Umasvami in right know The reason why right faith or perception is put first is that right principles of conduct are derivable from right perceptions. And as precious stones and ordinary stones are of the same nature, but a whole load of mountain stones does not equal in value a small piece of precious stone, so conduct based on false-faiths may be the same in external manifestation as that based on right faith, but the rmer leads to final liberation. (ATMANUSASANA, V. 15, TRANSLATION PUBLISHED IN THE JAINA GAZETTE, VOL IV, 1907, P. 67.) A-RIGHT FAITH (SAMYAG DARSANA) Umaswami defines right faith as the attitude of respect (Sraddha) towards truth. This faith may be acquired by learning or culture. In any case faith can arise only when the Karmas that stand in its way (the tendencies that case disbelief) are allayed or worn out. Right faith is of two kinds 1 1. Right faith from the practical point of view, or Vyavahara-Samyag Darsana. It is right and steady faith of the true nature of the six DRAVYAS, the Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-1

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FIVE ASTIKAYAS, the seven TATTVAS, the nine PADARTHAS. The man who has this faith knows also the relative importance and the true significance of the TATTVAS. It also includes faith in true ideal, scriptures and teacher.4 2. Right faith from the real point of view or NISCHAYA SAMYAG DARSAN, right faith of the true nature of one's own soul. It is realisation of oneself as pure soul as something not distinct from the attribute which are peculiar to a perfect soul, namely, perfect knowledge, power and bless.5 Right faith is free from three errors of confounding it with false (1) Gods, (2) Place and (3) Teacher. The idea of God should be purged of all materialism or anthropomorphism. It should be the highest idal of the most perfect soul conceivable. There is from the highest point of view no special sanctity attaching to any place. The teacher also must be such as knows these doctrines and teaches them clearly and with emphasis. It must be free from all the kind of pride. Eight are usually given : pride of one's mother's or father's relations; pride of greatness, beauty, know ledge, wealth, authority and asceticism or spiritual advancement. Then it must be steady and with eight qualities which are given by SAMANTABHADRACHARYA IN HIS BOOK RATANAKARANDA SRAVA. KACHARA, 4. Right faith arises in ten ways or in two ways : IN TWO WAYS : Nisarga or by nature; adhigama or by external instructions, IN TEN WAYS : From discourses or Jaina Tirthankaras (AJNA) or of learned men, or Jaina sacred books from renunciation or worldly or jects (Marga), from knowing the topics of Jainism in out line (SAMKSHEPA DRISHTI); etc. (See-ATMANU. SASANA, VV. 11-14; Jaina Gezette; Vol. V, 1907, p. 67). RIGHT KNOWLEDGE ( SAMYAK JNANA ) Right faith makes us perceived the reality of life and the seriousness of our object in life, It saves us from the soul emptying, puzzling voisl of scepticism. It brings us nearer to the feeling and touch of the solid, substantial reality of our own and other souls, as also of the matter in union, with which the soul gives rise to the phenomena of life. 4-2 Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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Right knowledge makes us examine in detail the matter brought into the mind by right faith. Of course both are mental processes; the difference is in degree, I see a nurse taking a boy on the pavement outside. This is preception. I have the right faith that there are a woman and a boy out there. I also perceive that the woman is a nurse. But I do not know the details who they are, where they live, why they are in this particular locality, and so forth. If I saw or or read about them, I should gain right knowledge. This knowledge must be free from doubt. It must be retained steadily and based on firm faith. Error is also recognized in Jainism. It reminds one some what of the ignorance (AVIDYA) of the Vedanta, the want of discrimination (AVIVEKA) of the Samkhya, and the illusion (MAYA) of the Buddhist systems of philosophy. Jainism insists that right knowledge can not be attained unless belief of any kind in its opposite (in wrong knowledge) is banished.7 The The soul of man is indirisible, and our intellect cannot really consent, even temporarily to what our faith has not grasped; and our conduct can not but be coloured by over intellect, from which it springs. Faith and knowledge leading to right conduct are at once the process and the goal; for right faith dispels weak doubt, right knowledge preserves us from ignorance, indifference, and laziness and right conduct enables us to create the best life of which we are capable. Right knowledge is of five kinds :8 1. MATI NANA Knowledge which is acquired by means of the five sences, or by means of the mind of man.9 2. SRUTA JNANA Knowledge in which on the basis of MATI JANAA one acquires know. ledge about things other than those to which the MATI JNANA relates 10 The difference between the two is thus stated. MATI JNANA deals with substances which exist now, and having come into existance, are not destroyed; SRUTA JNANA deals with all things now in existence and also with those which were in the past or may be in the future; an eclipse to-day may be in the future; an eclipse to-day may be known by MATI JNANA, but one in the time of Alexander, or one happen next year, can now only be known by SRUTA JNANA. Even a mineral or plant soul with one sense only can have SRUTA JNANA. Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-3

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(3) AVADHI JNANA Knowledge of the remote or past. It is possessed always be celestial and infernal souls; ascetics also sometimes acquire it by 'ansterities'11 (4) MANAHPARYAYA JNANA Knowledge of the thoughts and feelings of others. It is possessed by samnyasins only; by persons who are master of self-control and who have practised the restraint of body, mind and speech.12 (5) KEVALA JNANA Full or perfect knowledge, which is the souls characteristic in its pure and undefiled condition.13 FALSE KNOWLEDGE The first three kinds of knowledge sense knowledge, study knowledge and knowledge of the past may also be perverted or false. The sense may deceive us, our studies may be in-complete or erroneous; and the angels visions of the remote or past may not be perfect in detail or clearness.14 But mind knowing can not be false. We cannot have it, unless we can have knowledge of the exact thought or feeling in others mind. Full or perfect knowledge cannot be false. To take the Five kinds of knowledge in details : MATI JNANA Mati Jnana or sence knowledge is also called SMRITI, SAMJNA, CHINTA, ABHINIBODHA. It is acquired (1) by means of the five sences (2) by means of the mind. It is divided into four parts: 1. AVAGRAHA preception, taking up the object of knowledge by the sences. It is also called ALOCHANA GRAHANA OR AVADHARANA. 2. IHA the readiness to know more of the things perceived. It is also called UHA tarka PARIKSHA, VICARNA or JIJNASA. 3. APAYA finding out the perfection or otherwise (SAMYAKTA OR ASAMYAKTA) of thing. It is also called APAVAYA, APAGAMA, APANODA, APAVYADH, APETA, APAGATA, APAVIDDHA OR APANUTTA. Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-4

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4. DHARNA retaining the detailed reality of a thing. It is also called PRATIPATTI, AVADHARANA, AVASTHANA, NISCHAYA, AVAGAMA OR AVABODHA. I see the boy and nurse going along outside, this is AVAGRAHA. I wish to know more about them: This is IHA. I go and make inquiries about them, and know all kinds of details about their ages, family etc. this is APAYA. I grasp the full significance and characteristics of the details which I have gathered: this is DHARNA. Each of the above four classes of sense knowledge has twelve sub-classes: bahu, much bahuvidha, manifold; KSHIPRA, quickly; ANISMITA, without the help of symbols or signs; ANUKTA, without being touched, DHRUVA, steady; ALPA, less; ALPAVIDHA, in few ways; AKSHIPRA, slowly, NISRITA, with help of signs; UKTA, taught; ADHURUVA, not steady. Thus Mati Jnana is 4X 12-48 kinds and, as each kind may be acquired by five senses or the mind in all it is of 48X6-288 kinds. Again the above distinctions apply to sense knowledge with reference to ARTHA the object itself. With reference to VYANJANA or (intermediating) sensation, sense knowledge is of only one kind, the AVAGRAHA (or preception) kind. This is never manifested in regard to the eye or the mind, therefore, it can only be of 4X 12 (the twelve classes above referred to)=48 kinds. Thus the total kinds of sense knowledge are 288+48=336. AVADHI JNANA or knowledge of the remote is of two kinds (1) Innate, as in the case of angels in Heaven or fallen ones in Hell; (2) acquired, by the precipitation or annihilation of karmic matter. The farmer is called BHAVA PRATYAYA and the latter KSHAYOPASAMA. This latter is acquired by men and animals and is of six kinds : 1. ANANUGAMIKA Limited to a particular locality, outside the man loses this faculty. 2. ANUGAMIKA not limited to any locality. 3. HIYAMANA knowledge of the remote comprehending innumerable worlds, seas, continents etc. becomes less and less, till it reaches the minimum. 4. Vardhamanaka, acquired from very slight beginnings, it goes on increasing. It is the converse of Hiyamana. 5. ANAVASTHITA, usteady, so that it fluctuates according to circums tances. Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-5

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6. AVASTHITA, never leaving the possessor in the locality where it is 100 acquired, and retained by him even in another form of existence. (For these see Tattvartha-sutra, Ch. I 21-3.) MANAH PARYAYA or mind reading knowledge is of two kinds : 1. RIJU MATI: This arises from the straight forwardness of man's mind, speech, and body and consists in discerning and knowing the forms of thoughts in other's minds. 2. VIPULA MATI: by this the finest karmic activity in the minds of others can be read. 3 The distinction between the two kinds is this : 1. VIPULA-MATI is finer and purer than RIJU MATI; 2. VIPULA-MATI can not be lost; whereas the possessor of the RIJU MATI mind reading power may lose it. Mind reading knowledge is purer and more refined than farreading 1. knowledge. 2. Mind reading knowledge is confined to the focality where men live. Far knowledge is not so limited. and may be extended to the whole universe. 3. Mind reading can be acquired only by men and also only by Sanyasins; men of control. Far knowledge can be acquired by all souls in all conditions of existence. 4. By mind reading we can all forms of thought etc., even their minutest modifications. By far knowledge we can know forms with only a few of their modifications. From this point of view sense and study knowledge applies to all substances, but only in some of their modifications. Far knowledge applies to coloured substances, but not to all their modifications. Mind reading applies to all coloured objects, even in their infinitesimal parts 15 PURE KNOWLEDGE 4-6 KEVALA JNANA pure knowledge applies to all things and to all their modifications. It is in fact a characteristic of the soul entirely liberated from the bondage of matter. Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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To conclude, a soul can have one, two, three or four kinds of knowledge at one and the same time. If one kind, it must be pure knowledge; if two kind it is the sence and the study knowledge. If three kinds, it is the sense and the study and the past knowledge; if four kinds, it is all except pure knowledge.16 RIGHT CONDUCT (SAMYAK-CHARITRAY Right conduct is briefly described in DRAVYA SANGRAHA (verse 45) as refraining from what is harmful and doing what is baneficial. In a word, it is what helps the self to get rid of the karmas that lead him to bondage and suffering. For the stoppage of the influx of new karmas, and eradication of the old, one must (1) take one five great vows (Panca-Mahavratas), (2) Practise extreme carefulness (Samiti) in walking, speaking, receiving alms and other things, and answering calls of nature so as to avoid doing any harm to any life, (3) Practise restraint (gupti) of thought, speech and bodily movements, (4) practise dharma of ten different kinds, namely, forgiveness humility, straight forwardness, truthfulness cleanliness, self-restraint, austerity (internal and external), sacrifice, non attachment and celibacy (5) meditate on the cardinal truths taught regarding the self and world (6) Conquer, through fortitude, all pains and discomforts that arise from hunger, thirst, heat, cold, etc., and (7) attain equanimity, purity, absolute greedlessness and perfect conduct. Right faith, knowledge and conduct are inseparably bond up, and the progress and degeneration of the one react on the others two. Perfection of conduct goes hand in hand with perfection of faith and knowledge when a person, through the harmonious development of these three succeeds in overcoming the forces of all passions and karmas, old and new, the soul becomes free from its bondage to matter and attains liberation. Being free from the obstacles of matter, the soul realizes its inherent potentiality. It attains the four fold perfection (Ananta-Catustaya), namely, infinite faith, knowledge, infinite power and infinite blisa. FOOT NOTES 1. Samyag-Darsana Jnana Caritrani Moksa Margah. 2. Tattvartha Sutra; 1, 2 & 3. 3. See Purushartha Siddy Upaya by Amrita Chandra Suri 5-8. 4. See Ratnakaranda Sravakacharya by Samantabhadraacharya, 4. 5. Same See above No. 4. 6. See Tattvartha Sutra, Ch. I, 3. 7. See Dravya Sangraha, 42. Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4

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8. See Tattvartha Sutra I, 9. 9. See Ibid. 14 (Mati Jnana is occasional through the five senses and the non sense (See insellect) 10. See Ibid. 20. 11. See Tattvartha Sutra, I. 21, 22, 27. 12. See Ibid. 23, 28. 13. See Ibid. 29. 14. Ibid 31. 15. Tattvartha-Sutra I, 25-7. 16. lbid 30. 17. Dravya Sangraha 35. 4-8 Nature made man not for eating flesh 'All animals whom nature has formed to feed on flesh have their long teeth, conical, sharp uneven and with internals between them of which kind are lions, tigers, wolves, dogs, cats, and others. But those who are made to subsist only on herbs and fruits have their teeth rharp, blunt, close to one another and distributed in even rhows.' Prof. Pierre Gassendi Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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JAINISM AND LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS Dr. Harendra Prasad Verma Reader, Dept. of Philosophy Bhagalpur University (Bihar) The recent emphasis on the Analysis of Language: Linguistic analysis is the most dominant trend in the present day philosophy. Philosophers now generally believe that philosophy is nothing but the analysis of language. In course of the philosophical development, the emphasis has gradually shifted from Ontology to Epistemology, and from Epistemology to the Logic of language. The reasons thereof are many fold. First, the Analysts point ont that language is the most potent means of communication. We learn things through language, and at the same time we also express whatever we think, feel and desire through language. Hence for all meaningful communications, linguistic or conceptual clarity is essential. But we find that language is generally prone to be misused and confused. Certain expressions, says Ryle, are "systema tically misleading" and create confusions and generate the demand for queer entities. According to Wittgenstein also, "Most questions and propositions result from the fact that we do not understand the logic of our language......... It is the merit of Russell's to have shown that the apparent logical form of the proposition need not be the real form."2 Secondly according to the analysts, most of the philosophical puzzlements are due to the misunderstanding of the logic of language. Hence- if the logic of language is clearly understood, the philosophical problems also dissolve automatically. According to Wittgenstein, "philosophical problems arise when language goes on holidays."3 The treatment of the philosophical problems is like the treatment of neurosis. As neurosis dissolves when we understand how the complex has formed, the philosophical puzzlements also disappear when we understand how the concepts have been tangled. Thus the aim of philosophy is to attain the conceptual clarity, and the sign of clarity is the dissolution of the problem altogether, As Wittgenstein observed, "The object of philosophy is the logical clarification of thoughts. Philosophy is not a doctrine but an activity. A philosophical work consists of elucidations. The result of philosophy is not a number of philosophical propositions, but to make propositions clear and delimit sharply the thoughts which otherwise are. as it were, opaque or blurred."4 Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-9

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The Analysts maintain that the philosophers of the past could not solve the philosophical problems, because they did not question the meaning-fulness of the problem itself. They debated on the pseudo problems and as such could not arrive at any meaningful conclusion, because only a significant question can signi. ficantly be observed. As Moritz Schlick observes, :-The chaotic state in which philosophy has found itself during the greater part of its history is due to the unfortunate facts that, in the first place, it took certain formulations to be real questions before carefully ascertaining whether they really made any sense, and in the second place, it believed that the answers to the questions could be found by the aid of special philosophical methods different from those of the special sciences."5 All these led to the demand for the analysis of language, Linguistic analysis consists in the understanding of the logic of language with a view to attain complete clarity in matters of language. It is generally believed that in India there is nothing like linguistic. analysis. Hence it is thought by the westerners that Indian philosophy is only religion and not philosophy. It is, no doubt, true that Indian philosophy in general, and Jainism in particular, has religious orientation: because philosophy here aims at the solution of the existential problem, i.e., the problem of suffering, and does not intend to satisfy the intellectual curiosity only. The aim of almost all systems of Indian philosophy is to prepare the path for deliverance from the bondage of samsara. The Tirthankaras are not the logicians but the ford-makers accross the ocean of the universe. However, it is also not true that linguistic-analysis is absolutely absent in India. As a matter of fact, almost all systems of Indian philosophy discuss the problem of the relation between language and reality, and make the analysis of language. In Jainism, the logicians, like Prabhachandra, Pujyapad, Manikyanandi and others have worked a good deal in this direction. Prabhachandra, in his Prameya Kamala Martanda and Nyaya Kumud Chandra,6 has analysed the concept of Meaning in the style of G.E. Moore with the logical acumen of Wittgenstein. Manikyanandi, in his Nyayavatara, has discussed the problem of Word and Meaning extensively. The question of the relation of Word and Meaning fills large spaces in the Sloka varttika,7 Sanmati-Tarka8 and Nyaya Manjari'. However, for Mahavira what counts most is the clarity of vision, and not the clarity of expression or language for, vision is more fundamental than expression and action. When the clarity of vision (Samyag darskpa) is attained, the expression automatically become clear, or even paradoxical or self-contradictory expressions become intelligible and gain meaning. Thus in India it is thought that 4-10 Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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philosophy is not logic or conceptual analysis but the vision of reality-Darsana. Moreover, clarity of vision also leads to uprightness in life and behaviour (Padhamam nanam tao daya). When the supra mental gnosis dawns, all doubts and despair are despelled like the darkness at the noon day and all attachments are shaken The Jainas also believe with Socrates that "virtue is knowledge". In philosophy we are dealing with mystery, which cannot be reduced to this or that intellectual formula. Hence our aim is not only to attain the conceptual clarity. We are not dealing here only with the spheres of the sensible and the intellectual but with the spirit, which transcends the senses, mind and intellect. The conceptual and linguistic problems arise when philosophy impoverishes and vision goes on a holiday. We, then, fail to understand the words of the Tirthankaras. We then dwell simply on the words of the scriptures and miss the sense. In the absence of the spiritual experience the words of the seers seem to be unintelligible, and non-sensical, with the result we quarrel only with the words as the bad workman quarrels with his tools, and are lost into the philosophical controversies. However, we must note that logic is only a part of philosophy and not co-extensive with it. It is only a means and not the goal in itself. The linguistic-analysts are mistaken in identifying the means with the end by making linguistic analys the sole concern and the end of philosophy. We must remember that grammar is not literature, nor is prosody, poetry. The answer to the philosophical contro. versies must be sought in experience, and not in mere dialectics. For, reason cannot lead us too far. It goes to some extent and then it stops. There comes a level where logic becomes illogical and all arguments are the arguments in circle; they beg the question. Even the process of linguistic analysis, when consistently analysed, leads to regressus and infinitum. For, a statement is analysed by another statement which itself remains unanalysed. For the analysis of that statement, we require another statement, and so on ad infinitum. Thus in order to arrive at some categorical ground, language has to be related to experience and reality, otherwise everything will rest upon 'if-then' and be hypothetical. Reality, according to Mahavira, is beyond words, thoughts and logic. Words and thoughts return baffled when they try to comprehend the mystery. (Savve sara piyattati, takka taltha na vijjai, mai tattba na gabiya).10 The experience of the Reality (Kevala jnana) is inexpressible. Mahavira said, "The vision of the ordinary man is limited and conditioned; he cannot comprehend the Reality in its totality, nor can he describe it completely and adequately. Reality is many-faced, and is in a constant flux, which is ever changing and flowing. It is far beyond the grasp of the senses and intellect, and much less within the reach of language. Though appearing in the present, it encompasses both the past and future. It is known only through kevala janna, the hundredth part whereof is grasped by intellect, and the hundredth fraction thereof is expressible through words". This necessitates one to keep silent, Mahavira, in fact, kept silent and Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-11

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also tried to communicate through it. Whenever he qualified his silence through propositions, he used them only as elucidations or pointers to Truth. He declared that all propositions are partial, conditional and relative; none can describe the ality as it-is-in-itself in its entirety. Hence all statements are to be qualified by "Syat" (Relatively speaking), Wittgenstein in the Tractatus seems to appreciate this truth when he says, "My propositions are only elucidatory in this way ; he who understands me finally recognizes them as senseless, when he has climbed out through them, on them, over them, (He must, so to speak, throw away the ladder after he has climbed upto it)"11 "whereof one cannot speak thereof must one be silent."12 Kinds of Analysis : There are three important schools of analysis, viz., logital atomism, logical positivism and Ordinary language philosophy. They have their different kinds of analysis. (1) Logical Analysis-The logical atomists, Russell and Wittgenstein of the Tractatus, have suggested that language is the picture of reality. They have propounded the 'Picture theory' or Denotive theory of Meaning. According to them, every element in a proposition represents the elements of reality, and the logical structure of the proposition represents the structure of the reality. As Wittgenstein observed, "the proposition is the picture of reality"; "it shows how things stand if it is true."'13 The picture is a model of reality,"14 For example, when we say, 'This is brown', "This" refers to a particular and "brown" refers to a quality. The meaning of any word is what it stands for, or as Wittgenstein puts it, "what a picture represents is to sense."15 Thus from this, the logical atomists deduced the conclusion that the universe is constituted of the logical atoms which are externally conjoined, because the atomic propositions represent atomic facts and the compound propositions, which are the conjunction of atomic propositions, represent the logical construction of the atomic facts. Corresponding to the logical structure of language, the structure of reality is also of the nature of a & b & c. or a or b or c. On the above view of reality, the logical atomists proposed two types of analysis (1) logical analysis, and (2) Metaphysical analysis. They found that there are many words which are mere words or *verbal descriptions', and they do not denote any fact e.g., "unicorn", "circular square", etc. They masquerade as proper names_and as such create confusion and cause vagueness in language. As Russell observes, "Everythig is vague to a degree you do not realize till you have tried to make it precise, and everything precise is so far remote from anything we 4-12 Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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normally think, that you cannot for a moment suppose that is what we really mean when we say what we think" 16 Hence the verbal nature of these descriptions are to be made clear by the analysis of language. For example, "The king of France is bald' is to be analysed as, "There is one and only one thing which is the king of France and whoever is the king of France is bald." The metaphysical analysis consists in making the proposition an adequate picture of reality. It consists in reducing a compound proposition to simple atomic propositions so that they may represent the reality adevuately. For example, "An average Englishman has an 1. Q. of 50" is to be analysed thus : John has an 1.Q. of 45, Tom has an 1.Q. of 55, and so on. However, the analysts themselves found difficulty with their view of language and meaning. It was realized that language cannot be a picture of reality, because there is nothing in common between language and reality. The Jainas also criticize the Denotive theory of Meaning on this very ground. 17 As Prabhachandra argues, there cannot be identity between Word and Meaning, because, then, if the word 'sweet' is uttered, mouth would have been sweetened, and it should have cut injury when the word "knife' would have been uttered". 18 Wittgenstein also argued in the Philosophical Investigations that there is no identical relation between word and object. He observes, "It is important to notice that the word, 'meaning', is being used illicitly if it is used to signify the thing that "corresponds" to the word. This is to confound the meaning of a name with the bearer of the name, When Mr. N.N. dies one says that the bearer of the name dies. And it would be nonsensical to say that, for if the name ceased to have meaning, it would make no sense to say "Mr. N.N. is dead". 19 Further, we have many words like "and", "if-then", "either-or", etc. which are meaningful, but which do not represent any fact. Hence it cannot be said that words are the pictures of facts, and that the meaning of a word consists in what it stands for. Again, the meaning of a word can not also be said to be particular' because the particular which is given in knowledge by acquaintance, cannot be specified by any word. Russell believed that the particular is designated by proper names. But, in fact, the proper names also turn out to be descriptions' for they do not denote only a particular person or thing but several persons or things. Then Russell suggested to specify the particular through this' and 'that', but the diffi, culty which was with the proper name persisted with this' and 'that' also. Hence the meaning of a word cannot be said to be particular'. Further, in the Philosophical Investigations Wittgenstein realized that fact has no logical structure, hence it also became superfluous to reduce the sentences to their logical forms so as to make them the adequate pictures of facts, Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-13

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(2) Verificational analysis Instead of concentrating upon words, the logical positivists concentrated upon statements, because they found that certain words in a statement have meaning but no reference. Again, they felt that the simple facts are expressed through simple statements, and the compound statements are nothing but the combination of simple statements. The logical positivists also, to a great extent, supported the denotive view of language, and held that 'the meaning of any statement is the method of its verification. 'A meaningful proposition is that which can be either true or false. A statement which is neither is meaningless. All meaning. ful propositions fall within two categories: (1) Analytic, and (2) Synthetic. Analytic propositions are those which deal only with the concepts or "relation of ideas." In them the predicate is the explication of the subject. For example, 2+2=4, or Triangle has three angles. For the verification of such propositions, we need not refer to facts; their truth and falsity are determined within the symbolic scheme itself. On the other hand, the truth and falsity of the synthetic propositions is determined by reference to facts. However, this type of analysis was also found to be inadequate, because in the first instance, 'Meaning' cannot be identified with 'verification', for it is wider concept than verification. Secondly, the denotive theory of language cannot be maintained, because language is not always related to facts. The same word performs different functions in different uses. "We do various things with our sentences" says Wittgenstein". Think of exclamations alone, with their completely different functions. Water ! Away ! Aw! Help! Fine ! No! Are you still inclined to call these words "name of objects ?"'20 (3) Conceptual Analysis Wittgenstein, in his Philosophical Investigations, revised his previous theory as propounded in the Tractatus, and came to believe that language is not the picture of reality. Language is only a tool which can be used in several ways. Words are only instruments which perform different functions in different. 4-14 Mahaveer Jayant Smarika 77

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language-games. There is thus the "multiplicity of language-games,"21 and the same word gains different meaning in different language-schemes. However, in the Investigations language was completely displaced from reality. Wittgenstein believed that the meaning of the word is neither universal nor particular; it depends upon the sense in which it is used. Secondly, the meaning of any word is to be determined within the language-scheme, and not outside it by reference to any fact, for language is no longer the picture of reality. As Wittgenstein observes, "Asking 'Is this object composite ? Outside a particular language-game is like what a boy once did who had to say whether the verbs in certain sentences were in the active or passive voice, and who racked his brains over the question, whether the verb "to sleep" meant something active or passive.''22 Finally, any word or concept can be said to have meaning only when it has its function in the languagegame. Meaning of any word or sentence, thus, consists in its use in language. The conceptual analysts in the process of analysis do not try to improve the logical form of the proposition, like the logical atomists, to make it an adequate picture of reality, because the reality has no logical structure, but simply try to understand it. Again, they, like the logical positivists, do not also try to see whether any statement is verifiable or not, because meaning does not consist in verification. They also do not try to reduce all sentences into analytic and synthetic, because sentences may have different uses, and there may be more logical values than Truth and Falsity. They try to see as to what function does a concept perform in a language-game. Linquistic analysis in Jainism : Now, the Jaina view of Language and Meaning holds much similarity with the latter theory of Wittgenstein, of course, it has certain differences as well. The philosophy of Wittgenstein has obviously two phases. In the first phase, he believed in the Denotive theory of Meaning, whereas in the second phase he switched over to the Non-denotive theory or use-theory as he calls it. Now the Jainas criticize both the Denotive theory (of the Naiyayikas) and the Non-denotive theory (of the Buddhists), and adopt the middle position. They hold with Wittge. nstein that language is not the picture of reality, because there is neither identity nor causality between word and reality. However, they do not want to displace language altogether from the realm of reality, because, then, it would be impossible to communicate anything about reality. Morever, the truth and falsity of the judgements also cannot be determined. Although the Jainas believe in the relation of instrumentality between Word and Meaning, still in order to avoid the 'linguistic solipcism' in which Wittgenstein seems to be entrapped, they hold the partial identity between word and object, (Katchamcid vacya vacaka-sambandha). Although words are not related to objects, still due to the natural capacity (sahaja yogyata) and indicative nature (samketa) or convention or usage (samaya), they describe them. It appears that Wittgenstein is entrapped into the "lingua-centric Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-15

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predicament" when he says, 'The limit of my language means the limit of my world.'24 He does not want to go beyond the language-scheme to judge the meaning of words and concepts. But the Jaina view overrides this difficulty by maintaining that of the diverse functions, denoting is also one of the functions of language. And it seems that Wittgenstein would also accept this view, because he believed in the diverse uses of language. Moreover, it is due to this merit that the Jainas do not discard the metaphysical utterances as non-sensical like the logical positivists. They believe that the talk about Reality, despite its inadequacies, is possible. The reality, according to Jainism, has many facets. Hence it is not possible to encompass to entire reality in one judgement. We view the reality from different angles of vision and have partial views of it. Thus there are numerous language-games (Vacana paths). The multiplicity of linguistic-schemes is due to the multiple nature of reality. Again, as each language-game (vacana path) is the vision of reality from a particular angle of vision and takes into account only one aspect of reality, all statements are independent and cannot be reduced to one another. This reminds one of Ryle's dictum, "Every statement has its own logic." On this very ground Ryle maintains that one language-game should not be confounded with the other, otherwise that involves into the fallacy of "category-mistake." Bi-polar logic vs. Multipolar logic: Although the Jainas accept the multiplicity of language-games, but they try to subsume different judgements into seven broad heads Sapta bhangi naya. For them, Truth and Falsity are not the only logical values, rather besides these, there are other five logical values as well. Hence they talk of seven logical values and in place of the bi-polar logic, they offer multipolar logic. According to them, besides 'True' (Asti) and 'false' (Nasti), there can be such categories as 'both time and false' (Asti ca nasti ca). 'Ineffable' (Avyaktam), True and Ineffable (Asti ca Avyaktam ca), false and Ineffable (Nasti ca Avyaktam ca), and True, False and Ineffable Asti ca nasti ca Avyaktam ca'. The Jainas, like the Analysts, believe in the relativity of language-games; they take all judgements to be partial and conditional, and true only from a relative standpoint. As language belongs to the world of relativity, it cannot describe the reality in its totality and absoluteness. The limit of language is thus the limit of the world; it cannot extend to the realm of the noumenal reality. However, with the relative judgements also, we communicate at least something about the reality. Thus the Jainas do not displace language completely from the reality, Like the Analysts, they also believe that the aim of philosophy is to attain 'clarity', but their emphasis is more on the clarity of vision rather than the clarity of concepts, because they deal with the Mystery which can 4-16 Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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not be reduced to intellectual categories. Sometimes, even paradoxical or selfcontradictory language is used to describe the mystery. However, Syadvad is an attempt to attain clarity in thought and language, and the Jainas solve the problem of contradictory predication through it. The Language-Strata : Like the Analysts, the Jainas have also talked of the 'Language-strata'. According to them, the reality can be viewed from different points of view. Hence, we have a language-strata consisting of seven kinds of language-games corresponding to the seven points of view of reality, viz., (1) Naigama Naya (2) Riju sutra Naya (3) Vyavahara Naya (4) Samgraha Naya (5) Sabda Naya (6) Samabhirudha Naya (7) Evamsambhuta Naya We may, first, view the object in its essential or universal aspect and use the words like, "reality" "substance", "Unity", etc. These gain meaning from Naigama naya. Secondly, we may consider the object in its particular aspect and use the words like "atom", "sensation", etc. The words denoting the particular gain meaning from Riju Sutra naya. Although the objects are the combination of atoms, for example, a table is a collection of so many atoms, but in practical life, we do not view it in such a way. We describe it as a gross object. We do not say that we are sitting on a collection of atoms. Hence in the third sense, we use words to denote the objects which are so called from the practical standpoint. The words which are the 'logical constructions' out of the particulars gain meaning from Vyavahranaya. Fourthly, we may also talk of the collection of things and persons, like "society", "library" etc., These words gain meaning from samgraha naya. Apart from these, we may also talk about language, for we also use language to analyse language. This we deal with in sabda naya. Further, the same object or person may appear in different roles in different contexts and may acquire different qualities. Hence there may be diffe rent words having different meaning but denoting the same object or person. For example, "Indra", "Shakra", "Purandra" represent three different characteristics but denote the same deity. These are granted meaning by Samabhi ruddha naya. Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-17

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Finally, certain words gain meaning through action a thing or individual performs, For example, one is called "worshipper" because of the act of worship. Such words gain meaning from Evam sambhuta naya. The Restoration of Metaphysics. In this way, we find that while the logical atomists had included only the three kinds of words (viz., words denoting a particular, words denoting a logical construction, and words denoting words) in the category of meaningful words, the Jainas have added to these a few more. Above all, they also grant meaning to such words which denote the essential aspect of reality. Such words have been denied meaning by the logical positivists and the conceptual analysts. A J. Ayer and T. R. Miles, etc. explicitly say that words dealing with "absolute existence" have no meaning. 26 Only those words have meaning which have a spatiotemporal frame of reference. But the Jainas permit the talk about reality and accept the use of the words in the absolute sense, because one is established in the reality as such or pure Being through samadbi. In Kevala Jnana we view the reality as itis-in-itself, and hence talk about the essential aspect of reality from Niscaya naya. This opens the door for metaphysical use of language. The Jainas believe that the universal expresses itself through the particular. Hence, words may denote both the universal and the particular in different contexts. Thus broadly speaking, there are two kinds of statements. (1) Dravyarthika naya (2) Paryayarthika paya. We thus find that the Jainas have two types of analysis : (1) Meta-physical analysis (Arthavislesapa) (2) linguistic analysis (Sabda vislesana). In metaphysical analysis, the meaning of the words is judged by reference to facts, In linguistic analysis, the meaning of the word is judged from 'use' and 'usage'. FOOT NOTES Ryle, "Systematically Misleading Expressions", Logic and Languago, 1st series, (ed.), A. Flew, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1952, Tractatus Logic-philosophicus, Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., Ist impression, 1922, (4.0031), 4-18 Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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5. 3. Philosophical Investigations, Basil Backwell, Oxford. 1953, p. 19. 4. Tractus, 4.112. Moritz Schlik, "Positivism"in Logical Positivism (ed.) A. J. Ayer, The Free Press : Illionis, 1960. p. 86. 6. vide, Prameya Kamala Martanda, foll. 124-135 Nyaya Kumuda Chandra, vol. II, pp. 533-47. 7. Sloka varttika (trans.) pp. 254-261, 347-374. 8. Sammati Tarka pp. 173-77. 434-440. 9. Nyaya Manjari, pp. 340-414. 10. A-caranga sutra, 1.6 11. Tractatus, 6.54 12. Tractatus, 7 concluding remarks. 13. Tractatus, 4.01, 4.022 14. Tractatus, 4.4611 15. Tractatus, 2.221 16. Russell, Monist, 1918, p. 498. 17. For a detailed view of the Jaina view of meaning vide my article, "Word and Meaning" : the Jaina Point of view" Mahavira Jayanti Smarika, Jaipur, 1976. 18. Nyaya Kumud Chandra, vol. II, Manika Chandra Digambara Jaina Granth Mala, Bombay, 1941, p. 586. 19. Philosophical Investigations, p. 20. 20. Philosophical Investigations, p. 13 21. Ibid., p. 13. 22. Ibid., p. 22. 23. Ibid., p. 13. 24. vide, Manikyanandi, "Sahaj yogyata samketa vasodbl sabdadayo vasto parti patti hetavah. (Pariksamukha) 25. Tractatus, 5.6, 5.61, 5-62. 26. vide, A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth and Logic, II ed. Victor Gollancz, London, 1946 T.R. Miles, Religion and Scientific Outlook, George Allen & Unvin, London, 1959, Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4--19

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PENANCE *Penance performed with the desire of earning fame etc., is not pure penance. That is to say, selfpurification must be the only purpose of penance. Penance is of two kinds external and internal. External penance comprises fasting; taking a very limited quantity of food (so as to leave the stomach partly empty); acceptance of particular food only from a particular place, at a particular time and in particular condition; abstinence from including in tastes of the tongue; endurance of physical hardship and self-abstraction. Internal penance consists of expiation, lofty and pious mentality, hospitality, study, meditation and seclusion.' "That some Jeevas have attained, are attaining, or will attain emancipation, should be understood to be the result of such penance.' LORD MAHA VIRA

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INDIA OF MAHAVIRA'S TIME Dr. S. M. Pahadiya, Khandwa (M.P.) The time of Mahavira is epoch-making in Indian history. It was rather a revolutionary period. Many new thoughts developed. Changes occurred in almost every field of life. In political field, organized states came up; the position and functions of the king gained in importance. In social field, the supremacy of the Brahmins was defied; joint-family system came to the forefront; gotra and pravara came into existence; niyoga came almost to an end. In economic field, trade, commerce and industry prospered. Coins came into prevalence. Iron was used on a large scale. In the field of religion, there was, as it were, a world-wide revolution. In the field of art, considerable progress seems to have been made. For knowing the art of this period, we have to depend largely on literary sources. Introduction of Northern Black Polished Ware was unique in itself. POLITICAL CONDITIONS : There were sixteen big states, known as Solasmahajanapada. These states formed some definite territorial units, and included both monarchies and republics. The small republics were ruled by autonomous or semi-independent clans such as the Sakyas of Kapilavastu, the Koliyas of Devadaha and Ramaga ma, the Bhaggas of Sumsumara hill, the Bulis of Allakappa, the Kalamas of Kesaputta and the Moriyas of Pipphalivan. Generally, the rulers of the monarchical states were Kshatriyas. Though a despot, the king was to follow Dasrajadharma. Moral course of life was one of them. Main duty of the king was to protect the country against internal and external peril. Kingship was usually hereditary. King's eldest son used to be the Uparaja (viceroy). Below Uparaja, there was Senapati, usually the king's kinsman. The council of ministers was there to assist the king. The ministry generally consisted of five members called amachchhas. Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-21

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Provincial administration was almost autonomous. Gramabbojakas occupied an important place in village administration. In judicial matters, the king was supreme, though the minister of justice, Vinichchbayamachchha used to advise him. Military organization was good. The army consisted of chariots, elephants, cavalry and infantry. About the organization and administration of republics (the like of which are known to have been found in Sparta, Athens, Rome and mediaeval Venice), we have to depend upon the Buddhist Jatakas. The seven points of excellence pointed out by Buddha to Varshakara (the chancellor of the then king of Magadha) may be regarded as the directive principles of state policy. These are follows: (1) holding full and frequent public assemblies, (2) meeting together in concord, rising in concord, carrying out business in concord, (3) enacting nothing not already established; abrogating nothing already enacted, (4) honouring, esteeming, revering and supporting the elders, (5) not detaining the girls or women by force or abduction, (6) honouring, esteeming, revering and supporting the shrines (Chaityas), (7) protecting, defending and supporting the Arhants. It seems that the right of citizenship was confined to aristocratic Kshatriyas. Each republican state seemed to bave a separate supreme assembly. The place where the assembly met was called Santhagara. In the assembly, there were different groups that clashed from time to time for power. Transaction of the essembly business strictly required a quoram. Resolutions in the assembly were moved according to set Rules. Voting was sometimes done by secret method, sometimes by whispering method, and sometimes by open method. Generally the assembly controlled the executive the membership to which varied with the size and traditions of each state. The judicial administration of the republics was remarkable and the liberty of citizens was efficiently guarded. The aim of judiciary here was to find guiltlessness whileas that of Tibet was to find guilt of the accused. SOCIAL CONDITIONS : The Kshatriyas, now enjoyed the highest position, though there are references in certain Buddhist texts to the contrary. The influence of the Brahmins diminished. Many of them took up objectionable practices like hunting, carpentry and chariot-draving. Brahminical literature, however, speaks otherwise. The Vaisyas no more remained homogeneous in their profession. The condition of the Sudras before Mahavira was pitiable. Mahavira tried his best to improve the lot of the Sudras. The low castes like Chandalas, Venas. Nisbadas, Rathakaras, and Pukusas also appeared at this time. However, there does not seem to have been any ban on attaining religious merit. One Harikesh bala, born in the family of Chandalas, is known to have become a monk. Many mixed castes also came into existence. 4-22 Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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Slavery was common those days. Chandana, the first female disciple of Mahavira, was a slave. The Sannyasa Asrama became quite distinct from Vanaprastha Asrama this time. Joint-family system was the order of the day. The relationship between different members of the family was mostly cordial and affectionate. There are, however, also instances which reveal otherwise, Owing to an enormous increase in trade and commerce, and independent earning by the members of the family, the conception of proprietary rights came into existence, It appears that Brahma, Prajapatya, Asura, Gandharva, and Rakshas marriages were common those days. There are instances of Svayamvara type of marriage also. The marriage of princess Nivvui was of this type, Gotra, now, seemed to play an important part in settling marriages. Some of the law-givers prohibit sagotra marriages. We have a few examples of brothers marrying their own sisters. The Sakyas are known to have married their sisters. Incestuous marriages were also prevalent among the Lichchavis. Marriage with one's own cousin was also in vogue. The marriage of Jyeshtha to Nandivardhana, the elder brother of Mahavrra, belongs to this category. Anuloma (marriage of a groom of higher caste with a bride of lower caste) and Pratiloma (marriage of a high-caste girl with a low-caste boy) marriages were also practised, though not very frequently. The usual age of the bride at the time of wedding was sixteen. A man could remarry after the death of his wife. But evidence regarding widow remarriage is conflicting. Marriage after divorcing the husband or wife on certain grounds was also prevalent. Monogamy was a general practice. Polygamy was a luxury of the tich. Courtesans became a special feature of city life; they were the custodians of fine arts such as singing, dancing and music. Both literary and archaeological sources (esp. excavations at Ter and Nevasa) reveal that rice wheat and pulses were main cereals. A few special preparation of this period are : Sattu, Kummasa, Puva, Khaja, and Tila-kuta. Milk and milk products like curd, butter and clarified butter were largely used. Vegetables like cucumber, pumpkin. gourd, and fruils like mango, and jamboo were included in the diet of the people. That the people ate meat also becomes clear from the bones discovered at different archaeological sites. However, Mahavira was deadly against non-vegetarianism, and he made many people vegetarians. Vegetariansm,in its turn, increased longevity, and made people non-violent. Drinking as also common. However, the religious people abstained from it. The dress of the people consisted of Antaravasaka, Uttarasanga, Usanisa. Both men and women wore Kanchuka. Women wore Saris. The fibres used for preparing clothes were : cotton, wool, hemp, palm leaves, silk and linen. Sewing and stitching of clothes were in fashion. The Sadhus, Sadhavis and distinguished persons had their specific wear. The ornaments worn by men and Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-23

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women were both costly as well as cheap. Some of the well-known ornaments of this period are : finger-rings, car-rings, and torques, The are elaborate references to the toilet-articles in the contemporary literature. Different types of furniture, say chairs, bedsteads etc. have been mentioned both in the Jaina and the Buddhist literature. Utensils like bowls of various kinds and material, and pottery vessles were used, as is proved by archaeological excavations. The most remarkable thing of this period is what is now known as North Black Polished Ware. People used to participate in Samajjas (festive gatherings). Salabhanjika was a most popular festival. Some other festivals were Kaumudi and Hatbiman. gala. Monks and nuns used to abstain from festivities. Besides, festivals, people amused themselves in many other ways, say, singing. visiting parks and garden. Education was imparted to all those who deserved. Mercy, charaeter. personality-development, inculcation of civil and social duties etc. were the main objectives of education. Initiation was necessary both for men and women, The Gurukula system was one of the most important features of education. The teacher-tought relations were cordial. The subjects of study were many. The duration and contents of the course were largely determined by the will, capacity, and convenience of the students. Female education was also given impetus. The art of writing is also said to have been evolved in Maha vira's time. Prakrit became the medium of expression. There was also a general efflorescence of literary activities. Science of engineering seems to have become very popular. The construction of cities, forts, tanks, canals etc. would not have been otherwise. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS : Grama (village) was the cenre of rural economy. Agriculture became the mainstay of village-population. Many new methods (of agriculture) were devised, The literary sources of this period refer to ploughing and fencing of fields, sowing the seeds, getting the weeds pulled up, reaping the harvest, and arranging the crops in bundles. Irrigation was done by wells and tanks. Remains of these have been found in the excavations at Ujjain and Vaisali, Agriculture depended upon cattle comprising cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep, asses, camels, pigs and dogs. Among the crops, mention may be made of cotton, wool, hemp, linen, rice, wheat, gram, beams, pear, castor oil seed, mustard oil seeds, sesame, ginger, clove, turmeric, cumin, pepper and sugarcane. Many vegetables, flowers, fruits. and betel-leaves were also grown. For the protection of standing crops from animals and birds various steps were taken by the farmers. Next to agriculture, spinning (clay spindles have been 4-24 Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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found), weaving, carpentry, smithy (iron furnaces have been referred to in literature, and iron objects have been found in excavations) and mining were some of other important occupations. Ivory-work, garland making and perfumery were also practised. There were small industries of gums, drugs, chemicals, dyeing, and leather. Industry of precious metals made its mark. House-building activities also increased. Trade and commerce both inland and oversea prospered to a greater extent. There are literary and archaeological evidences for maritime trade between India and Western countries. A beam of Indian cedar in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar of Birs Nirmud has been found. The Baveru and the Supparaka Jataka, the Digha Nikaya and the Ceylonese chronicles also refer to India's trade with foreign countries. The most remarkable feature of the economic life of this time was that trade and industries were organized for the first time into Srenis, Another conspicuous feature is the introduction of regular coins (known as punchmarked coins) in business transaction. The coins of this period have been found at Bhir, Paila, Patraha, Machchhautoli etc. There was also in vogue the system of loans and debts. Panini mentions of different weights and measurements. Excavations at Chirand, Vaisall and Eran have brought to light the weights and measurements of this time. For buying and selling of commodities, there were big markets. A few references are there which mention actual market price of certain commodities, and a number of references show how prices were determined by haggling. RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS: In the field of religion, not only India, but the whole world witnessed a radical change. The time when Mahavira lived may be called an age of enlightenment for total human race. Suddenly and almost simultaneously, there started religious movements at separate centres of civilization. Toroaster in Iran preached monotheism and revolted against useless rituals. In Greece, Heraclitus and Pythagoras spoke about the rebirth of soul, and inspired the people to do good deeds. Confucius and Lao-tse in China put new religious ideologies against the conventional ones. The Jews in their Babylonian captivity developed tenacious faith in Jehova In India, many ascetic and intellectual movements arose against Brahminism. Buddhism and Jainism are chief amongst them, and the originators of these religions did in the sixth century before Christ what Luther and Calvin did in the nineteenth century. The feelings of non-violence, non-stealing, nonhoarding, truth etc. were exhorted. Religious tolerance was insisted upon. Emphasis was laid on final beatitude. The clash of rival schools and sects led people to spiritual quest. Belief in heaven and hell was widespread, and it was said that those who perform various noble acts attain heaven while those who indulge in evil acts go to hell. Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-25

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ART: From the literary sources we know that the palace was built at the centre of the capital, and that it was surrounded by a rampart (a special feature). The palace was divided usually into three courts and had two distinct parts-the ground floor and the upper floor. The pillars and walls of the palace were overlaid with many beautiful motifs. The common dwellings were made of stone, brick, wood. Provisions were made for windows, elaborate doors, verandahs, dwelling rooms etc. Hygienic arrangements were kept in view while constructing royal and common buildings. Some literary sources refer to Devaklikas or Chaityas. The evidence of early structures of Stupas is available in the archaeological remains discovered at some places. From the Jaina Sarva Tirtha Samgraha, we know that Pradyota installed Jivant Svami (life-time) images of Mahavira at Ujjain, Dasapura, and Vidisa. There are references to the statues of Indra in the Jataka literature. About the terra-cotta figurines as well as the ceramics in the time of Mahavira, we get some knowledge both from literary and archaeological sources. From the Jaina and Buddhist literature, it becomes clear that painting (both secular and religious) was considered to be an important form of artistic expression. Some pointings of this period seem to have been preserved in the rock shelters at Mahadeo hill (Panchmarhi), Bhim Baithaka (Bhopal), Mori (Mandsor), Singhanpura and Kabra Pahar, Likunia, Kohbar, Mehria, Bhaldaria and Bijagarh (Mirzapur), and Manikpur (Banda). Some metal, bone, and stone objects too have been unearthed from certain sites. Seals, and sealings, potters' dabbers, stamps, stone pestles, querns, dises, etc. of this period give a fair idea of art. 4-26 what is PURUSHA An individual who is awakened realises the truth and excells in Ahimsa and never wishes for pleasure or indulge in passions, but exerts for self realisation consider him a true PURUSHA (the manly man). -Lord Mahavira. Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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Pre-Mediaeval Jaina Novels -Dr. Jyoti Prasad Jain Lucknow The modern 'novel' and short-story forms of prose fiction are of comparative recent growth, in the west dating since about the beginning of the 18th century, and in India since the last quarter of the 19th century. Literally meaning some. thing 'new and strange', the term 'novel' is used to denote that literary form of fictitious prose narrative or tale which presents a picture of real life, especially of emotional crisis in the life-history of the men and women portrayed. It does not, however, follow that such tales were unknown to world literature before, only they are not always and necessarily in prose, many being in verse as the bulk of the ancient and mediaeval literature, particularly of the didactic and religious type, is. Western historians of Indian literature, like Weber, Buhler, Hertel, Keith, Macdonell and Winternitz, have all been well impressed with the fact that Jaina monks and authors have always been very good tellers of tales. The commentaries to the canonical texts, even many an early didactic and philosophical work, contain, besides a mass of traditions and legends, numerous fairy-tales and stories. The Jaina Puranas and the many Charitras (Pauranic Kavyas), Kathas, and Kathapankas were often only a frame in which all manner of fairy-tales and stories were inserted. The Champus are ornate novels in prose and verse mixed. and the Dharma-parikshas are didactic-polemical works so closely inter-wiven with narratives that they may well be included in the story literature, while there are also satirical humorous tales like the Dhurtakhyana. In some cases, as in the Malayasundari Katha, of unknown authorship and originally written in Prakrit. "The author", says Winternitz, "has worked up popular fairy-tale themes into a Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4--27

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Jaina legend. A veritable deluge of the most phantastic miracles and magic feats almost takes away the reader's breath in this work. Countless motifs well-known in fairy-tale literature are interwoven with the novel." (cf. HCL, II, p. 533), In addition to all this, there is a vast independent fairly-tale literature of the Jainas, in prose and in verse, in Prakrit, Sanskrit, Apabhramsha, even in Kanada, Tamil and the vernaculars, available in the many collections of stories, the Kathakosbas (treasuries of tales). There is no doubt that all these works, be they stories in plain prose or in simple verse, or elaborate poems, novels or epics, are all essentially sermons. They are never intended for mere entertainment, but always serve the purpose of religious instruction and edification'. (ibid., p. 521). In the Jaina novels, it is true, the heroes and heroines after all sorts of adventures usually renounce the world at last and become monks and nuns for the purpose of attaining liberation, copious instructions on religion are inserted in all convenient places, and underly. ing the main "narrative and most of the inserted stories there is the doctrine of Karma, according to which even the slightest peccadillo must have the effects in future rebirths. But even in modern times, the novel has been made a vehicle for the teaching of history, the advocacy of causes, the showing up of abuses, and so on, there being so much necessary overlapping of the didactic and aesthetic. (cf. Scot James, The Making of Literature, pp. 362-363). So even if writers like Winternitz describe the Jaina novels as 'religious novels', which is nothing but a literal translation of the Jaina term 'Dharma-Katha', the fact does not detract from their being novels. Several of these Jaina novels are fine romantic tales of love and adventure, and in the numerous stories, parables and fairly-tales inserted one comes across many themes which are often found in non-Jaina narrative literature, and some of which belong to universal literature. As Winternitz avers, the vast Jaina narrative literature is of great importance not only to the student of comparative fairy-tale lore, but also because to a greater degree than other branches of literature the Jaina tales allow us to catch a glimpse of the real life of the common people- (HIL, II, p. 545). Prominent among the pre-mediaeval Jaina novels are : Tarangavai-Kaha of Padalipta Suri (circa 3rd-4th century A.D.), Varangacharitra of Jatasirnhanandi (7th century), Samaraicca -Kaha and Dhurtakhyana of Haribhadra Suri (8th century), Kuvalayamala of Udyotana (778 A.D.), Nagakumara-charju of Svayambhu (circa 800 A.D.) Jinadatta-charita of Gunabhadra (circa 850 A.D.), Upamitibhava-prapancha-Katba a very popular allegorical novel of Siddharshi (906 A.D.), Yashastilaka-Champu of Somadeva (959 A.D), Nagakumara-chariu and Jasahara-charita of Mahasena (circa 975 A.D.), Bhavishyadatta-Kaha of Dhanapala Dharkata, Tilakumanjari of another Dhanapala (970 A.D.), Dharmapariksha of Harisena (988 A.D.) and of Amitagati (1014 A. D.), Jivandhara. 4--28 Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77

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Champu of Harichandra, Gadyachintamani and Kshatrachudamani of Vadibha. simha, Jivaka Chintamani in Tamil by Tirutakkatevara (circa 8th century AD.), Yashodhar Charita of Vadiraja, Yashodhar Kavya in Tamil (anonymous) Surasundari-charium of Dhaneshvara and Malayasundari Kaha (anonymous)-all circa 11th century; Mrigavati charita of Devaprabha and Samyaktva-Kaumuedi (circa 13th century); Mahipalala Charitra of Charitrasundara, ChampakaShreshthi-Kathanaka, Pala-Gopala-Kathanaka and Dana-Kalpadruma of Jina. kirti, Ratna-Chuda Katha of Jinasagara, Ambada-Charitra of Amarasuri, Papabuddhi-Dharmabuddbi.Katbanaka, Aghataknamar-Katha, and Uttama Kumara-Charitra (all circa 15th century), Silappadhikaram by Illango (circa 2nd century A, D.), Neelkesi (anonymous) (circa 4th-5th century A. D ), Valaiyapati (anonymous) (circa 10th century A.D.), Chudamani by Tolamolitevara, Perunkadai by Prince Konguvela are some specimens of Jain novels written in Tamil, and there are more than a dozen in Kannada. The list is by no means exhaustive, "TO FORGET IS A CRIME. TO BE LAZY IS A GREATER CRIME, TO NEGLECT WORK AND OFFER EXCUSES IS A GREATEST CRIME, ACTION WITHOUT DELAY IS THE SOUL OF EFFECIENCY." Mahaveer Jayanti Smarika 77 4-29

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AHINSA Ahinsa is the true character of life for it appeals to all the men and beasts alike. It engenders in them love, trust and friend. lyness. 2. Ahinsa does not mean any religious faith, it rather represents that sweet and loving character which makes life worth living, which sustains it through helpless condition and makes it capable of growing into society. 3. Ahinsa is the inner urge of life to love and behave other in a way, as one would like to be loved and behaved by others. 4. Ahinsa is born of the universal outlook, which recognizes oneness of truth, oneness of self and oneness of purpose through all the veried forms of life. 5. Love begets love and hatred begets hatred so a seeker after love should ever live a life of Ahinsa. 6. The essence of all great men and their philosophies is that Ahinsa is the greatest good and Hinsa, is the greatest evil. 7. Ahinsa like mother is the greatest protector in life. It is the safest royal road to happiness. 8. Ahinsa is the art of living by which one can live and let others live, 9. The life of Ahinsa costs little but enriches all. 10. Ahinsa is double blessing, it blesses him that gives and him that takes. LOVE ALL, SERVE ALL

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male & Personal Use Only