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(2) Verificational analysis
Instead of concentrating upon words, the logical positivists concentrated upon statements, because they found that certain words in a statement have meaning but no reference. Again, they felt that the simple facts are expressed through simple statements, and the compound statements are nothing but the combination of simple statements. The logical positivists also, to a great extent, supported the denotive view of language, and held that 'the meaning of any statement is the method of its verification. 'A meaningful proposition is that which can be either true or false. A statement which is neither is meaningless. All meaning. ful propositions fall within two categories: (1) Analytic, and (2) Synthetic. Analytic propositions are those which deal only with the concepts or "relation of ideas." In them the predicate is the explication of the subject. For example, 2+2=4, or Triangle has three angles. For the verification of such propositions, we need not refer to facts; their truth and falsity are determined within the symbolic scheme itself. On the other hand, the truth and falsity of the synthetic propositions is determined by reference to facts.
However, this type of analysis was also found to be inadequate, because in the first instance, 'Meaning' cannot be identified with 'verification', for it is wider concept than verification. Secondly, the denotive theory of language cannot be maintained, because language is not always related to facts. The same word performs different functions in different uses. “We do various things with our sentences" says Wittgenstein". Think of exclamations alone, with their completely different functions.
Water !
Away !
Aw!
Help!
Fine !
No!
Are you still inclined to call these words "name of objects ?"'20 (3) Conceptual Analysis
Wittgenstein, in his Philosophical Investigations, revised his previous theory as propounded in the Tractatus, and came to believe that language is not the picture of reality. Language is only a tool which can be used in several ways. Words are only instruments which perform different functions in different.
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Mahaveer Jayant Smarika 77
Jain Education International
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| SR No. | 014023 |
| Book Title | Mahavira Jayanti Smarika 1977 |
| Original Sutra Author | N/A |
| Author | Bhanvarlal Polyaka |
| Publisher | Rajasthan Jain Sabha Jaipur |
| Publication Year | 1977 |
| Total Pages | 326 |
| Language | Hindi, English |
| Classification | Seminar & Articles |
| File Size | 25 MB |