Bharatiya Prachin Shilpkala

Author(s): Pravinchandra C Parikh
Publisher: University Granthnirman Board
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/023332/1

Page #1
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA : le khaka : hai, pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha che cony yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa- gujarAta rAjaya

Page #2
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA lekhaka : The. pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha, ema. e., pIeca. DI. adhyApaka, bhAratIya saMskRti, bhe. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-6

Page #3
ANCIENT INDIAN SCULPTURE by: Dr. Pravinchandra C. Parikh -:prakAzaka : je. bI. seMDila adhyakSa yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya amadAvAda-380 006 yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa prathama AvRtti H 1978 nakala = 1100. kiMmata : rUA7-00 *Published by the University Book Production Board, Gujarat State, under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Production of Books and Literature in Regional Languages at the University devel, of the Government of India in the Ministry of Education and Social Welfare (Department of Culture), New D:lhi." : mukhya vikretA : mesasa bAlageviMda bukaselarsa moDala sinemA pAse, bAlA hanumAna, gAMdhI roDa, amadAvAda380 001 : mudraka : IndubhAI zAha nezanala Tesa keThI mahelle, lAladaravAjA, amadAvAda-380 001.

Page #4
prakAzakanuM puravacana ucca keLavaNInuM mAdhyama mAtRbhASA bane e mATe yunivarsiTI kakSAe pratyeka vidyAzAkhA mATe vipula graMthasAmagrI taiyAra thavI joIe. e hetuthI kendrIya sarakAre Arthika sahAya ApIne prAdezika bhASAomAM yunivarsiTI kakSAnAM pustako ane sAhitya prakAzita karavAnI yojanA ghaDI ane tene sAkAra karavA mATe 1970mAM A borDa racavAmAM AvyuM. kendra sarakAra taraphathI A kArya mATe maLatAM anudAna uparAMta eprila 1, 1976thI A yojanAmAM rAjya sarakAre paNa amuka anudAna ApavAnuM svIkAryuM che. A yojanAmAM rAjapanI yunivarsiTInA prAdhyApako ane anya vidvAne dvArA yunivarsiTI kakSAnA abhyAsakramane AvarI letAM pAThayapustako ane anya saMdarbha graMtho prakAzita karavAmAM AvyA che. ane e kArya haju vaNathaMbhya cAlu ja che. gujarAta rAjayamAM vinayana vidyAzAkhAnA itihAsa ane bhAratIya saMskRtinA viSayanA vidyArthIone suyogya gujarAtI graMthe maLI rahe te hetuthI A yojanA anvaye taiyAra thayeluM pustaka bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA prakAzita karatAM AnaMda anubhavuM chuM. e AnaMdamAM umero e vAte thAya che ke pustakanA lekhaka Do. pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha e viSayanA jJAtA che ane potAnA jJAna ane anubhavano lAbha vidyArthIone ApavAnuM emaNe svIkAryuM che. A graMtha ekalA vidyArthIone ja nahIM paNa A viSayamAM rasa letA badhA ja abhyAsIone ane jijJAsuone temaja zilpakalAnA rasikone paNa khUba ja upayogI nIvaDe ema che. A badhAne AvakAra A graMtha pAmaze evI hArdika apekSA che. yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAdajulAI, 1978 je. bI. seMDila adhyakSa

Page #5
praratAvanA bhArate prAcIna kALamAM sAhitya, vijJAna ane kalAne kSetre hAMsala karelI addhio vizeSa gauravaprada che. lalitakalAone kSetro sthApatya, zilpa ane citra traNeya kalAono apUrva vikAsa thayo hato. A traNeya kalAone vikAsa cheka Adya aitihAsika saMskRtinA prAcIna tabakkAthI tAravI zakAya che. zilpakalA sthApatyanuM avibhAjaya aMga banI te pahelAM paNa prAcIna bhAratamAM cheka haDappIya kAlathI paththara, dhAtu ane mATImAM pUrNa mUrta ane aMzamUrta zilpo kaMDArAvA lAgyAM hatAM. dhIme dhIme A kalAno utkarSa thato gayo ane aitihAsika kALa daramyAna te enA vikAsanA carama zikhare pahoMcI gaI. emAM devatA, ardha devatAo, manuSyo, pazu, pakSIo, prakRti vagere anekavidha to AvarI levAyAM. mUrtividhAnane lagatAM zAstro racAyAM. A zAstrIya mUrtividhAna temaja potAnAM kalpanAzakita, kalAsUjha tathA bhAvavyaMjanA dvArA prAcIna bhAratIya kalAsiddhoe bhAratIya saMskRtinA AtmAne zilomAM vyakata karavAno saphaLa purUSArtha karyo che. prastuta graMthamAM tene saMkSepamAM paricaya karAvavAmAM Avyo che. A graMthamAM I. sa. 1300 sudhInI prAcIna bhAratIya zilpakalAnuM tabakkAvAra nirUpaNa nava prakaraNomAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. pahelA prakaraNamAM zilpa vizenI sAmAnya chaNAvaTa karI bhAratIya zilpanA padArtho, viSayo ane sAhityanuM prAstAvika nirUpaNa karyuM che. bIjA prakaraNamAM Adya aitihAsika ane trIjA prakaraNamAM vedakAlathI naMdakAla sudhInI zilpakalAnuM svarUpa AlekhyuM che. cothA, pAMcamA ane chaThThA prakaraNamAM anukrame mauryakAlI, anumauryakAla ane gupta-vAkATaka kALa daramyAnanI pASANa zilpakalAnuM vistRta vivaraNa ApyuM che, jayAre sAtamA, AThamA ane navamA prakaraNamAM kramaza: anuguptakAla, pratIhAra-rASTrakUTa-pAla kAla ane pUrva-madhyakAlanAM zilponI samIkSA prastuta karI che. te pachI mATInAM pakavelAM, dhAtunAM temaja kASTha ane hAthIdAMtanAM zilponuM vivaraNa alaga alaga cAra pariziSTomAM ApyuM che. bhAratIya zila5mAM vyAla zilponuM viziSTa mahattva hovAthI keTalAMka agatyanAM vyAla zilponuM spaSTIkaraNa karavuM eka nAnuM pariziSTa chevaTanA bhAgamAM joDayuM che. pratyeka prakaraNa ane pariziSTamAM te te kAlanI zilpakalAnAM sAmAnya lakSaNo varNavI, sthAnika zailIonA kramamAM tene pradezavAra paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che.

Page #6
vacce vacce agatyanAM zilpanuM rekhAMkana ApIne te dvArA zilpa-vidhAna spaSTa karavAmAM AvyuM che. AvAM kula 50 rekhAMkano dharAvatA 16 paTTo pustakamAM je te prakaraNa ke pariziSTamAM mUkavAmAM AvyA che. A graMtha taiyAra karavAmAM AdhAra tarIke levAmAM Avela graMthonI saMdarbha sUci temaja graMthamAM prayojelI prAcIna tathA arvAcIna paribhASAnA aMgrejI-gujarAtI tathA gujarAtI-aMgrejI paryAyonI sUci graMthane aMte ApavAmAM AvI che. A graMtha gujarAtanI vividha yunivarsiTIonA bhAratIya saMskRti viSayanA snAtaka kakSAnA abhyAsakramane anulakSIne lakhAyo che. yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa dvArA "hiMdu mUrtividhAna' nAmano graMtha pragaTa thayo che ane bauddha tathA jaina mUrtividhAnane lagatA svataMtra laghugraMtho pragaTa thavAnA che. AthI A graMthamAM mUrtividhAnane lagato khaMDa choDI devAmAM Avyo che. bhAratIya saMskRtinA snAtaka vidyArthIone anulakSIne gujarAtImAM A graMtha taiyAra karAvI pragaTa karavA mATe huM yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDane hArdika AbhAra mAnuM chuM. A graMtha aMge sadgata Do. kAntilAla . semapurAe keTaluMka kAcuM lakhANa taiyAra kareluM. te jovAno lAbha ApavA badala temanA kuTuMbIjanone huM AbhArI chuM. graMthanAM Ajana, nirUpaNa ane chaNAvaTanI bAbatamAM mArgadarzana ApavA mATe mArI vidyAguru che. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI tathA mArA parama mitra Do. cinubhAI ja. nAyakano upakAra mAnuM chuM. prastuta graMtha bhAratIya saMskRtinA vidyArthIo uparAMta bhAratIya zilpakalAnA abhyAsIone paNa upayogI nIvaDaze evI AzA rAkhuM chuM. pravINacaMdra parIkha amadAvAda 21-2-78

Page #7
anukramaNikA prakaraNa 25 1 prastAvanA 1. zilpakalA eTale zuM? lalitakalAonA kulamAM enuM sthAna 2. pUrNa mUrta ane aMzamUrta zilpo 3. zilpanA padArtho 4. zilpanA viSayo 5. zilpa-sAhitya 2 Agha-aitihAsika hipe (I.sa. pUrve 2500thI I.sa. pUrve 1500) 1. prAgrahaDappIya zilpa-paraMparA 2. haDappIya sabhyatAnAM vividha zilpasvarUpe: (a) mudrAo paranAM rekhAMkano, (A) mATInAM pakavelAM zilpa, (I) pASANa ane dhAtunAM zilpo 3 vedakAlathI naMdakAla sudhInI zi95kalA (I.sa. pUrve 1500thI I.sa. pUrve 325) 1. vaidika ane anu-vaidika sAhityamAM zilpanA ullekha (I.sa. pUrve 1500 thI I.sa. 600) 2. mahAjanapada kAlanI zilpakalA (I.sa. pUrve 600 thI I.sa. pUrve 400) 3. zaizunAga kAla ane naMdakAlanI zilpakalA (I.sa. pUrve 400 thI I.sa. pUrve 325) 4 moyalIna zipa (I.sa. pUrve 325 thI I.sa. pUrve 187) 1. sAmAnya lakSaNo 2. azokanA zilAkhaMbhe ane enAM zIrSo 3. yakSayakSiNInI mUrtio 4. zailagRhonAM zilpo 5. maurya zilpo para videzI asara 5 anumauryakAlIna zi (I. sa. pUrve 187 thI I.sa. 350) 1. lakSaNe 2. sAMcInAM vedikA ane tAraNa uparanI zilpasamRddhi 3. bharaDutanI vedikA ane raNa pasnAM zilpo 4. badhagayAnI 43 58

Page #8
144 vedikAnAM zilpa 5. udayagiri ane khaMDagirinI guphAonI zipasamRddhi 6. gaMdhAra zailI 7. mathurA zailI 8. gujarAtanI zilpakalA 9. dakhkhaNanAM zailagRhonI zilpasamRddhi 10. vRMgI zailI 6 gupta-vAkATaka kAlanAM zika (I.sa. 350 thI I.sa. 550) 1. sAmAnya lakSaNo 2. uttara ane pUrva bhAratanAM zilpa 3. madhya pradeza 4. gujarAta 5. dakhaNa 6. dakSiNa bhArata 7 anuguptakAlIna zika (I.sa. 550 thI I.sa. 700) 1. sAmAnya lakSaNo 2. uttara bhArata 3. pUrva bhArata 4. madhya pradeza pa. gujarAta-rAjasthAna 6. dakhaNa 7. dakSiNa bhArata 8 pratIhAra-rASTrakUTa-pAla kAlanAM zilpa 159 (I. sa. 700 thI I. sa. 1000). 1. sAmAnya lakSaNo 2. uttara bhArata 3. bihAra-baMgALa 4. orissA 5. gujarAta rAjasthAna-mALavA 6. dakhaNa 7. dakSiNa bhArata 9 pUrva-madhyakAlIna zilpakalA (I. sa. 1000 thI I. sa. 1300) 1. sAmAnya lakSaNo 2. orissA 3. bihAra-baMgALa-uttara pradeza 4. madhya bhArata pa. gujarAta-rAjasthAna-mALavA 6. dakhaNa 7. dakSiNa bhArata pariziSTa 1. mATInAM pakavelAM zika 192 pariziSTa 2. dhAtu-zi parizikaTa 3. kATha--zie 218 pariziSTa 4. hAthIdAMtanA zika pariziSTa pa. bhAla zire 222 saMdarbha sUci paribhASA zada sUci 220 ja >> ja

Page #9
AkRti citra citronI sUci paH 1 1 pazupati, 2 ekazRMga pazu, 3 mAtRdevI, 4 mAtRdevI, pa na kI, 6 puruSanuM dhaDa, 7 yAgI. paTTaH 2 45 8 pRthvI devI, 9 zrIcakranA khaMDa, 10 mau staMbhazISa -racanA, 11 sAranAthanuM staMbhazI 12 rAmapuravA -staMbhazI . 59H3 57 13 maNibhadra yakSa, pArakhama, 14 didAragaMjanI yakSiNI, 15 mAyAdevInuM svapna, bharahuta, 16 dha cakrapUjA, sAMcI 71 paTTa : 4 17 gajalakSmI, bAdhagayA, 18 yakSa daMpatI, udayagiri, 19 bhAraputraka, pilakhArA, 20 nagiri hAthInI zaraNAgati, amarAvatI paTTaH 5 21 buddha, gaMdhAra, 22 buddhamastaka, gaMdhAra, 23 suzAbhana, gaMdhAra, 24 zukakrIDA, gaMdhAra. pRSTha 19 paTTaH 25 beAdhisattva, sAranAtha 26 buddha, kaTarA, 27 AyAgapaTTa, mathurA, 28 ekamukha zivaliMga, mathurA. 5TTaH 7 47 na 19 87 99 stUpanI vaidikA-staMbha paranI nArIo, mathurA AkRti citra pRSTha 32 prasAdhana, mathurA, 33 cAmuDA, zAmaLAjI paTTaH 8 125 135 34 buddha, sAranAtha, 35 buddha, mathurA paTTaH 9 36 varAha avatAra, udayagiri (madhya pradeza), 37 vIrabhadra ziva, zAmaLAjI paTTa : 10 149 38 mAtA ane zizu, kATayarka, 39 mahiSAsuramadi nIdurgA, mAmalla puram paTTa : 11 40 vizvarUpa viSNu, kanAja, paTTaH 12 41 sUrya, koNAraka, 42 5tralekhA, khajurAho. pa93 13 43 caMDezAnugrahamUrti, ga MgakoMDa ceALapuram. paTTaH 14 44 strI-putaLI, paTaNA myujhiyama, 45 ApAnagoSThI, kauzAmbI, 46 mastaka, mathurA. 47 mithunamUrti, ahicchatrA. paTTa : 15 48 buddha, sulatAnagaMja, 49 cAmaradhAriNI, akoTA, 162 paTTa : 16 50 naTarAja (madrAsa myujhiyama). 183 1970 198 205 216

Page #10
1. prAstAvika 1), zilpakalA eTale zu ? lalitakalAnA kulamAM enuM sthAna bhAratamAM 'sculpture" nA paryAya tarIke "zilpa" zabda prayAjavAmAM Ave che.. paNa prAcInakAlamAM e vividha arthamAM prayojAtA hatA. "zilpa" zabda vedAmAM vaparAya che. tyAM enA arthe '"vividhatAvALu" thAya che. pAchalA samayamAM e zabda "rUpa" ane "rUpa ghaDavAnI kriyA" ke "kalA"nA arthamAM pracAramAM AvyA hAvAnuM jaNAya che. sAyaNAcArye kahyu' che : 'ziva rASvazrAzcaryAM varma dUte / (sAyanAcArya-mAdhya, pR. 764). eTale ke "zilpa" zabda Azcaryakara kama sUcave che. 'aitareya brAhmaNa' (6,5,27)mAM e zabda mUrti, daNa, vastra, ghareNAM ane rathAdi ghATanI kalAe! mATe prayojAyo che. 'kauzItika brAhmaNa' (21, v)mAM zilpane traNa prakAranuM kahI temAM nRtya, gIta ane vAdanane gaNAvyAM che. 'taittirIya brAhmaNa' (6, 5, 27)mAM kalAtmaka racanAo uparAMta hastakalAnA udyogone paNa sthAna ApyuM che. Ama vaidika sAhityamAM "zilpa" zabda ghATanI temaja svara tathA gatinI kalAo mATe vaparAyA che. TUMkamAM prAcInakAlathI zilpa zabda badhI kalAo mATe vaparAtA heAvAnuM jaNAya che. A paraMparA praziSTa sAhityamAM paNa cAlu rahI che. kAlidAsanA 'mAla-vikAgnimitra' nATakanA TIkAkAra kATayalema "zivaM tAvidyA" (g ?, zlA 6), zilpa eTale kalAnI vidyA ema samajAve che. 'amara koza' paNa "zirUM karmAvim ''-kalA vagerenuM ka (kriyA) te zilpa evo artha ghaTAve che. enA TIkA-kAra mahezvara kalAmAM gItanRtyAdi kriyAo gaNAve che. hemacaMdra teA "zivaM lA-vijJAna". (mamiyAna ciMtAmaTMi, 3, 564) kahau zilpamAM kalA ane vijJAna baMnene sAmAnya artha sUcave che. Ama zilpa zabda koI paNa kalA ke kArIgarI mATe vaparAya che, je ghATa ApavAnI kalAnA manA ghotaka banI rahe che. zilpamAM ghATa ApavAnI. kalAnA mabodha to che ja chatAM enI keTalIka vizeSatAonA kAraNe te zilpakalA banI rahe che. sara siDano kolvine 'Encyclopedia of Arts' (pp.839-40)mAM ApelI 'Sculpture'nI vyAkhyA anusAra "zilpa e ghATa ApanArI kalA che, jenuM kAma ghanarUpamAM kudaratI padArtho ane mukhyatve mAnava zarIranI anukRtithI bhAva vyakata bhA. prA. zi. 1

Page #11
bhAratIya prAthIna zilpakalA karavAnuM ane uttejavAnuM che. A kArya te padArthanAM traNa parimANo, laMbAI pahoLAI ane UMDAI ke jADAImAM temanAM vAstavika pramANo dvArA kare ke phakata be parimANa laMbAI ane pahoLAI dvArA ne trIjA parimANa UMDAI apacaya karIne kare." ahIM A arthamAM bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalAnuM nirUpaNa abhipreta che. prAcIna bhAratamAM "lA" ke " zilpI" zabda badhI kalAo mATe prayojAto hite. pazcimI zikSaNa ane sabhyatAnA prabhAvathI bhAratamAM paNa 1) upayogI ke sAmAnya kalA ane 2) lalitakalA-evA be vargomAM prAcIna bhAratIya kalAonuM vagIkaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. upayogI kalAomAM suthArIkAma, sonIkAma, luhArIkAma, darajIkAma, ratnaparIkSAkAma, rAMdhaNakalA vagere jIvanopayogI kalAono samAveza thAya che. A sivAya sauMdaryanI anubhUti ane AnaMda prApti karAvatI kalAo che, jene lalitakalAo kahevAmAM Ave che. "je anubhUta sauMdaryanA punarnirmANathI ApaNA -AtmAno vikAsa thAya, manane AnaMda thAya ane ApaNI cetanA jAgrata thAya tene lalitakalA kahevAmAM Ave che." siDanI kolvine sthApatya, zilpa, citra, saMgIta . ane kAvyane lalitakalAomAM samAveza karyo che, jyAre keTalAka vidvAno emAM nRtya ane nATayane paNa umero kare che. lalitakalAone 1) rUpaprada ke AkAraprada kalA | (shaping arts) ane 2) zAbdika kalAo (speaking arts) evA be upavibhAgomAM - vaheMcavAmAM Ave che. sthApatya, zilpa, citra, nRtya ane nATaya e rU5prada kalAo : che, jyAre saMgIta ane kAvya e zAbdika kalAo che. Ama lalitakalAnA kulamAM zilpakalA e rUpaprada kalA che. prAcIna bhAratamAM sthApatya sAthe ene saMbaMdha saMgIna rahyo che. keTalAMka zailagraho ane maMdiromAM ene yoga sthApatya ane citrakalAnI sAthe sumeLathI thayelo jovA maLe che. 2) pUrNamUrta ane aMzamUrta zi9 zilpa racanA paratve be prakAranA ghATa athavA AkAra dhAraNa karatAM jovAmAM Ave che. je zilpa cAre bAjuethI kotarAyelAM hoya eTale ke jemanI racanA e rIte karavAmAM AvI hoya ke temanuM sanmukha darzana, pArzva darzana ane pazcAt darzana temanA saMpUrNa svarUpe najare paDI zake. AvuM zilpa pUrNamUrta zilpa (sculpture in round) tarIke oLakhAya che. bIjA prakAranA zilpane aMzamUrta zilpa (sculpture in relief) kahe che. emAM pazcAt darzana karAvavAmAM AvatuM nathI. AthI A prakAranAM zilpa koI eka phalaka para caTADavAmAM ke upasAvavAmAM AvyAM hoya tevAM lAge che. aMzamUrta zilpanA paNa traNa prakAra jovAmAM Ave che. temAM pahelA prakAranAM zilpone uThAva ghaNo ja Acho athavA sAmAnya rekhAo mAraphate nipajAvavAmAM

Page #12
1 prAstAvika Ave che. AvAM zilpone alpamUrta zilpa (low or bas relief) tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. bIjA ane trIjA prakAranAM aMzamUrta zilpomAM gheruM tathA UMDuM kotarakAma karavAmAM Ave che. emAM zilpane lagabhaga aDadho bhAga kotarelo hoya che. AvAM zilpone ardhamUtaM (half relief) tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che jyAre zilpanA lagabhaga poNo bhAga upasAvelo hoya tyAre ene atimUrta ke adhikamUrta (high relief) kahevAmAM Ave che. prAthamika avasthAmAM guphA zilpanuM rekhAMkana mAtra rekhAo dvArA nipajAvavAmAM AvyuM che ane AthI ApaNe ema kahI zakIe ke prAthamika avasthAnI ane guphAonAM zilponI A paraMparA jema jema vikAsa pAmI tema tema uttarottara vadhu gherA UMDA takSaNanI zailI astitvamAM AvI. emAMthI pUrNamUrti zilponI zailIno udaya thayo. 3) zipanA padArtho zilpo banAvavA mATe prAcIna bhAratamAM mATI (pakavelI temaja kAcI), selakhaDI, phAyansa, kASTha, pASANa, hAthIdAMta ke dhAtu jevA padArthone prayoga thato jovAmAM Ave che. zilpamAM vaparAtA padArthonA vaparAzanI anukULatA-pratikULatA te pradezamAM sahelAIthI prApta thatA te te prakAranA padArthone anurUpa hovAno saMbhava che. anukU. LatAnI bAbatano vicAra karIe to mATI ane lAkaDA jevA padArtha lagabhaga dareka sthaLe maLe to te prakAranAM zilpo paNa tyAM jovA maLe che. vaLI viziSTa prakAranuM lAkaDuM paNa vaparAzanI dRSTie mahattvanuM sthAna bhogave che. lokabhogya zilpanA namUnA A be padArthomAM savizeSa najare paDe che. pASANa, dhAtu, hAthIdAMta, chIpa, vagere padArtho viziSTa prakAranI kalAkArIgarI mATe temaja saphAIdAra kAma karavA mATe vizeSa anukULa jaNAya che. AmAM mATIkAmanI paraMparA anya dezonI jema bhAratamAM paNa sauthI jUnI hoya tema jaNAya che. Adya aitihAsika kAlamAM haDappIya sabhyatAthI paNa pahelAMnI balucistAna, siMdha vagere pradezomAMnI saMskRtiomAMthI mATInAM zilpa maLI AvyAM che. haDappIya sabhyatAnAM prAcIna zilponI paraMparAnuM pUrva saMdhAna A saMskRtimAM jovAmAM Ave che. mATInAM pakavelAM zilponI paraMparA bhAratamAM guptakAla sudhI uttarottara vikAsa pAmatI jaNAya che ane bhAratamAMthI tenA ghaNA namUnA upalabdha banyA che. uttarakAlamAM paNa Aja dina sudhI mATInAM zilponI A paraMparA aviratapaNe cAlu rahI che.

Page #13
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpaka cUna (stucco), selakhaDI (steatite), ane phAyansa (ghasIne banAvelI mATImAMthI banAvelAM zilpa paNa haDappIya sabhyatAnAM kedronAM utpanAmAMthI maLI AvyAM che. paNa tenI paraMparA te pachI dhIme dhIme adazya thatI jaNAya che. pariNAme IsunI 1 lI sadI pachInAM A padArthomAMthI banAvelAM zilpo javalle ja jovAmAM Ave che. zilpanI banAvaTamAM kASTha eTale lAkaDAno upayoga thayelo jovA maLe che. prAcInakALamAM makAne ane maMdiro lAkaDAnAM banAvavAnI paraMparA hatI. A paraMparA cheka madhyakAla sudhI cAlu rahI hatI. kASThanI pratimAo jo ke javalle ja maLe che, chatAM eno pracAra hato. albarUnIe potAnI pravAsanedhamAM mulatAnamAM AvelI kASThanI sUrya-pratimAno ullekha karyo che. jagannAthapurInI jagadIzanI pratimA kASThamAMthI ja banAvelI che. sUrya ane rannAdevInI kASThamAMthI banAvelI moTI pratimAo pATaNanA mahAlakSmI maMdiramAM che. ane te zrImALanA jagasvAmInA sUrya maMdiranI pratimAo hevAnuM manAya che. zilpanI banAvaTamAM agatyanA padArtha tarIke pASANane upayoga cheka haDappIya sabhyatAnA kAlathI thatA najare paDe che ane adyApiparyata te paraMparA cAlu rahI che. bhAratIya sthApatyomAM kASTha ane IMTayuga pachI pASANane upayoga pahADomAM guphAo kotaravAnI prathAthI zarU thayo hovAnuM manAya che. prathama guphAne sAdA rUpamAM ane pachI, ghATa-nakazI vaDe alaMkRta karavAmAM AvatI. prAcIna guphAsthApatyanA avazeSo bauddha guphAomAM maLI Ave che. ahIM bAMdhaNInI je paraMparA sUcita thAya che, tenuM agAunI kASThanI bAMdhaNI sAthe bhAre sAmya varatAya che. keTalIka guphAnI chata kASThanI pratikRtirUpa che. staMbho, dhAra, dvArazAkhAo vagerenI racanAmAM paNa kASThanI bAMdhaNInI paraMparA dRSTigocara thAya che. | zilpanA mAdhyama tarIke sAdhAraNa rIte prAdezika pASANane upayoga thayelo jovA maLe che : 1) haDappAnAM zilpa ghaNuM karIne cUnAnA paththara (lime stone) ke selakhaDInAM banelAM che. A khanIja padArtho siMdhanI sthAnika khANanA che. 2) azokakAlIna zilpa mirajhApura jillAnA cunAra gAmanI badAmI raMganA retiyA paththaranI khANamAMthI banelA che. A paththara para arIsA jevo opa AvI zake che. 3) bharata ane sAMcInI vedikAomAM madhya bhAratane ghera lAla paththara vAparela che.

Page #14
1: prAstAvika 4) mathurA zailInAM ghaNAMkharAM zilpo bharahuta jillAnI khANonA kSAravALA lAla ravAdAra paththaranA banelAM che. 5) gaMdhAra zilpono paththara aphaghAnistAnanI svAtanI khINamAMthI lavAyo che. A paththara sleTa jevA bhUkharA raMgano (blue slate) temaja pArevA (schist) paththaranI jAtane che. pArevA paththara aphaghAnistAna uparAMta pUrva gujarAta tema ja mALavAnA pradezamAMthI maLI Ave che. gujarAtamAM bahu prasiddhi pAmela, zAmaLAjI, DAkorajI, dvArakAdhIza vigere maMdironI mukhya mUrti pArevA paththaranI banelI che. A paththara kotaravAmAM narama paNa vajanamAM sIsA jevo bhAre hoya che. vaLI tene lIlAza paDato raMga dhI jevA cIkaNA padArtha dvArA taddana kALA raMgamAM palaTAvI zakAya che. 6) kuSANakAlIna keTalAMka zilpamAM sleTiyA raMgane AchA bhUrAza paDatA raMgane poco paththara (soft stone) vaparAyelo jovA maLe che. A paththara ghaNuM karIne vAyavya sarahadanI khANono che. 7) guptakAlIna zilpomAM kALI AchI chAMTa vALo sapheda paththara vaparAyelo che, je uttara pradezamAM moTA pramANamAM maLe che. 8) uttara bhAratamAM 7mI sadIthI ghaNeaMze sapheda paththaranAM zilpo banavA mAMDayAM. A sAdo retiyo paththara bihAra ane baMgALanI pAla zailInAM zilpomAM moTe bhAge vaparAyelo jovAmAM Ave che. ulaTa pakSe dakSiNa bhAratanAM zilpa tanakALA paththaranAM banelAM che. A paththarane aMgrejImAM basalt tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. 9) gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanAM zilpa sapheda ke lAla retiyA paththaranAM che. A paththara sthAnika khANonA che. vaLI keTalAMka zilpa zveta Arasa paththaranAM banelAM paNa che. enI khANo Abu ane jodhapura pAse makarANAmAM AvelI che. bhAratamAM zilpo banAvavAnI eka bIjI prAcIna paraMparA astitvamAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. paththara agara mATI para cUnA vagerenuM plAsTara karI temAM mUrtio kotarI kADhavAmAM AvatI. A prakAranI mUrtione "prastara' mUrti tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvatI. A paraMparA ghaNI prAcIna hovAnuM jaNAya che. kAraNa ke haDappA ane mohejo-daDomAMthI AvI ghaNI mUrtio maLI Ave che. zizunAga vaMzanA ajAtazatru ane tenA bhatrIjA udAyI tathA putra naMdivardhananI AvI prastara mUrtio maLI AvI che. azokanA dharmalipivALA taMbhe A prastara kalAnA suMdara namUnA che.

Page #15
bhAratIya prAcIna zilapakalA dhAtu zilpo e bhAratIya zilponI eka viziSTa praNAlikA che. haDappIya sabhyatAmAMthI maLela dhAtu-pratimAnA namUnA parathI A paraMparA e samaya jeTalI prAcIna jaNAya che. aitihAsika kAlamAM Isu pUrve 1 lI sadIthI dhAtu-zilpo prApta thAya che ne A paraMparA IsunI 18 mI sadI sudhI bhAratamAM vyApaka rIte pracalita rahI hoya tema jaNAya che. dhAtuzilpa mukhyatve kAMsAnAM ane kavacita tAMbA, cAMdI ane suvarNanAM paNa banatAM hatAM. bhAratamAM hAthIdAMtamAMthI banAvelAM zilAnI paraMparA ghaNA pAchalA samayanI che. A padArthamAMthI banAvelA namUnAo IsunI 4thI sadIthI maLavA lAge che. hAthI - dAMtamAMthI banAvelAM zilpo IsunI 6ThThI sadIthI vikasita svarUpa dhAraNa karatAM jaNAya che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM A prakAranAM zilponuM bAhulya najare paDe che. zaMkha ane chIpamAMthI 5Na zilpa banatAM hatAM te prApta purAvaze parathI nakakI thAya che. 4) zi95nA viSa prAcIna bhAratIya zilpakalA noMdhapAtra viSaya-vaividhya dharAve che. emAM dhArmika ane dhArmiketara ema be prakAro jovA maLe che. dhArmika prakAranAM zilpomAM brAhmaNa, bai, ane jaina e traNeya dharmo uparAMta lokadharmane lagatA viSayo sthAna pAmyA che. emAM mukhyatve deva-devIo ane yakSa-yakSiNIonAM zilpo, uparAMta paurANika kathAnako ane zilpa-pratIko duSTi gocara che. dhArmikatara zilpomAM pUtaLAMo, ramakaDAM, suzobhano ane rUpAMkano vagereno samAveza thAya che. A zilpomAM prAcIna bhAratIya samAjajIvananuM pratibiMba paDatuM hovAthI bhAratanA sAMskRtika itihAsanA AlekhanamAM zilono abhyAsa ghaNo agatyano banI rahe tema che. 5) zipa-sAhitya zilpa-sAhityamAM alaMkaraNAtmaka zilpanI apekSAe mUrti zilpa (pratimAo)ne lagatuM sAhitya ane ullekho vizeSa pramANamAM upalabdha thAya che. pratimAne lagatA keTalAka ullekho vaidika sAhityamAM jovAmAM Ave che. RgvadamAM I, varuNa, sUrya, rudra vagere pramukha devonAM varNane ApelAM che, paraMtu A kAlanI temaja anuvedakAlanI koI mUrtio upalabdha na hovAnA kAraNe vaidika devonA pratibhAvaidhAnika svarUpa vize nizcita vidhAna karI zakAya tema nathI. alabatta, "vizvakarmA"no ullekha emAM thayo che. vizvakarmA e devonA zilpI hovAnuM anu

Page #16
1 : prAstAvika vaidika sAhityanAM lakhANo parathI lAge che ane moTebhAge te uttara bhAratanI zilpasthApatyanI praNAlikAnA AcArya hoya tema jaNAya che. dakSiNanI paraMparAnA mukhya AcArya "maya" nAmathI oLakhAya che. temaNe zilpa-sthApatyanI svataMtra praNAlikA nipajAvI hovAnuM manAya che. brAhmaNa graMtho ane sUtragraMthomAM sthApatyakIya svarUpone lagatAM ThIka ThIka varNane ApelAM che. paNa emAM zilpa-pratimA vidhAnane lagatI mAhitI bahu ochI upalabdha thAya che. rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhAratamAM devAlayo, rAjamahAlayo, nagaro vagere vAstukalAne lagatA ullekha jovAmAM Ave che. tyAM paNa vizvakarmA ane mayane anukrame devo ane dAnavonA zilpIo tarIke oLakhAvyA che. devone je sthAna para prasthApita karavAmAM AvatA tene maMdira, devatAyana, surAlaya vagere nAme oLakhAvela che ne te parathI vividha deva Indra, yama, varuNa, kubera, brahmA, vagerenI mUrtio banatI hovAnuM jANavA maLe che. rAmAyaNamAM brahmA pAsethI vAstuvidyAnuM jJAna mATe kevI rIte. meLavyuM hatuM enuM varNana "kiSkindhAkAMDamAM ApyuM che (a. 51). vaLI ahIM nirUpita kathA pramANe maya ane zukra eka ja vAstuvidyAnI paraMparAne anusaratA, tevuM paNa sUcavAyuM che. pratimA-nirmANa aMge sAhityanI mukhya pAMca dhArAe-purANa, Agama, taMtra zilpazAstra ane pratiSThApaddhati-pracalita hoya tema jaNAya che. bhAratIya zilpa ane pratimA-racanAnuM mukhya kAraNa paurANika dharmane pracAra ane prasAra che. A kAraNe ja bhAratamAM bhavya prAsAdo, vimAno, ramaityagRho, vihAro,. tIrthasthAno, jalAzo vagereno vikAsa thayo che. A vAstu-vaibhavanA eka aMga, tarIke pratimA ane zilpa-nirmANanI adbhuta paraMparA uparokata sAhityika dhArAe uparAMta jyotiSa jevA ardhavAstuzAstrIya graMthomAM paNa vAstunirmANa sAthe pratimA. kalAnAM prakaraNo AkAra pAmyAM che. dA.ta., varAhamihiranI 'bRhatsaMhitA.' purANa ane Agama Ama to lagabhaga badhAM ja purANomAM deva pratimA-nirmANanI pracura mAhitI saMgrahAI che, paraMtu matsya, viSaNu, liMga, agni, garuDa, kaMda ane bhaviSya purA-- NamAM ane khAsa karIne viSNudharmottAramAM pratibhA-vidhAnane lagatI vistRta carcAo AvI che. matsyapurANamAM lagabhaga dasa adhyAyo(252, 25-267)mAM vividha pratimA-lakSaNonI carcAo ApI che. emAM carsela pratimA-mAnanuM prakaraNa (a.267) te adbhuta che. vaLI ziva pratimAomAM liMga-mUrtio uparAMta Agama prasiddha

Page #17
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA liMgA dbhava mUrtio tathA zivanI pratimAo ardhanArIzvara, vagerenuM varNana che. mahiSAsuramadinI, indra-indrANI,, vagerenI pratimAonAM varNana emanAM tAlamAna sAthe ApelAM che. matsyapurANamAM vAstuvidyAnA aDhAra praNetAo-bhRgu, agni, vaziSTha, vizvakarmA, maya, nArada, nagnajita, vizAlAkSa, puraMdara, brahmA, kumAra, naMdIza, zaunaka, garga, vAsudeva, aniruddha, zukra ane bRhaspati gaNAvyA che. agnipurANanI mUrtividhAnanI carcA kula 16 (adhyAya 41-46; 49-55, 60-62) adhyAyomAM vizadapaNe ApI che. emAM vAsudeva, dazAvatAra, sUrya, catu:SaSTiyAginI pratimA, lakSmI vagerene lagatAM varNano vigatavAra che. vaLI A purANamAM pratimA dravyane lagatuM prakaraNa nirUpAyu che e enI bIjI vizeSatA che. 24 prakAranA zAligrAmeA tathA 20 prakAranAM liMgAnAM varNana paNa rocaka che. viSNudharmAttarapurANanA trIjA khaMDanA aMtima 42 adhyAyeAmAM mUrtikalA para vistRta zAstrIya varNana che. temAM deva-devIo uparAMta dikpAla, nAga, yakSa, gaMdharva, navagraha, sUrya tathA mUrti rUpe upAsya nahIM. evA vedazAstra,purANa, itihAsa vageremAM AvatA devAnI pratimAonAM varNana ApyAM che. emAM lagabhaga 128 prakAranI pratimAonAM varNana che. skaMdapurANanA mAhezvara khaMDa (a-45, 47, 48)mAM mUrtionAM vidhAnA tathA zAligrAmanAM lakSaNeA ApelAM che. garuDapurANa (a-45)mAM zAligrAmanA prakAro vistArathI varNavyA che. bhaviSyapurANamAM (a-12, 131, 132)mAM pratimA-lakSaNa, pratimA-dravyo ane pratimA-mAna vagere viSayA varNavyA che. varAhamihiranI 'bRhatsaMhitA' (adhyAya 18-60, 69) ardhapurANa gaNAya che. emAM pratimA-vidhAnane lagatA cAra adhyAyo--pratimA lakSaNa, pratimAnirmANa mATenAM Avazyaka dravyo, pratimAvidhi ane paMcamahApuruSa lakSaNa (a. 58-60 tathA 66) tathA vajralepanavidhi (57) vagerene lagatAM varNana che. khaMDita, sphaTita ane bhagna pratimAonuM saMdhAna karavAnI vidhi vajralepanamAM nirUpAI che. Agama graMthAmAM pratimA-vidhAnane lagatI vipula sAmagrI ApI che. vaLI purANA karatAM AgameAnI saMkhyA (anukrame 18 ane 28) adhika che. upapurANeAnI jema upAgamA paNa che. ane temanI sAMkhyA te| lagabhaga baseAthI paNa vizeSa che. AthI AgamamAM vAstu ane pratimAzAstrane lagatI vipula mAhitI ane sAMgeApAMga vivecane jovAmAM Ave che. keTalAMka AgamAmAM te vAstuzAstrIya racanAe eTalI to adhika che ke te vAstugrathA tarIke ja oLakhAya che; dA.ta., kAmikAgama, suprabhedAgama, vaikhAnasAgama, karaNAgama, aMzumabhedAgama vagere e dRSTie gaNanApAtra

Page #18
1 : prAstAvika che. vaLI AgamAno vizeSatA e che ke emAM zivanI liMgadbhava mUrtionAM varNanA sAMgApAMga che. tAlamAnanAM vivecane paNa prazasya che. ATalI cAkasAI purANemAM jovAmAM AvatI nathI. AthI mUrtikalAnA mahattvapUrNa siddhAMtonAM vivaraNA jevAM AgamAmAM jovAmAM Ave che tevAM purANAmAM nathI. purANA pratimAonAM rUpavidhAnane pragaTa kare che, jyAre AgamA pratimAonA racanA-kauzalane vizada rIte pragaTa kare che. dakSiNI prastara kalA emAM pUrepUrI pratibiMbita thAya che. dha kAmikAgamamAM mUrti-vidhAnane lagatA je thoDA adhyAyeA (a. 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 74) che, emAM liMgalakSaNa, pratimAlakSaNa, devasthApanavidhi, pratimApratiSThA ane parivArasthApana vagere vidhAnA mukhya che. karaNAgamanA pahelA bhAga(a. 9, 11, 12, 14, 62)mAM liMga ane mUrti saMbaMdhI tAlamAna sAthenAM varNanA ane bIjA bhAga(a. 13, 21)mAM liMgazuddhi ane sthApana-vidhinI carcAo ApI che. vaikhAnasAgama (paTala 22)mAM pratimA-lakSaNane svataMtra adhyAya che. eja rIte suprabhedAgamamAM mUrti vidhAnane lagatA cAra adhyAyeA (33, 34, 36, 40) ApyA che. tatra zaiva-taMtrone "Agama" ane vaiSNavataMtrone "paMcarAtra" nAme oLakhavAnI paripATI che, paraMtu ahIM... e taMtragra MthA sAthe nisbata che ke jemAM zAkata, zaiva ke vaiSNava-deva-mUrtine lagatI vaidhAnika carcAo vahIta thayela hoya. tAMtrika AcAra ane pUjA-paddhati vaidika tathA paurANika AcAra tathA pUjA-paddhatithI vilakSaNa hovAnA kAraNe paNa e svarUpe samajavAnAM hoya che. lagabhaga 25 jeTalA taMtraza theAmAM devamUtionAM rUpavidhAna tathA temanAM pratIkAtmaka vizada rahasyo carcAyAM che. A sarvamAM 'hayazISa paMcarAtra'nAmanA taMtragraMtha sorrAttama che. 'mahAnirvANa-taMtra'mAM pratimA, liMga, bhagnamUrtisaMdhi, pratimAdravya vagerenAM varNana che. Agama-gra MthA taMtravidyAnI eka mahattvanI zAkhA che. emAM taMtrokata paddhatie pUjana tathA ananAM vidhAne ApelAM che. brahmayAmala, viSNuyAmala ane rudrayAmalanAM vidhAnAmAM judA judA saMpradAyanI mUrtionAM vizeSa varNanA maLe che. zAstrIya graMthe purANa, Agama ane taMtragra MthA uparAMta keTalAka zAstrIya graMtheAmAM mUrtividhAnane lagatI carcAo karI che. emAM kauTilyakRta 'arthazAstra' ukhekhanIya che. emAM vAstune lagatI vipula sAmagrInA ullekha karatAM devakula ke devatAyatana nagaranI madhyamAM

Page #19
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA temaja mukhya mArgo para karI emAM aparAjita, yaMta, ziva, vaizravaNa, azvina tathA zrI-devInAM sthAnako sthApavAno Adeza che. tethI e samaye emanI mUrti banI hovAnuM jaNAya che. zilpazAstra zilpazAstranI bhAratamAM be-paraMparA che. uttArI athavA nAgarI ane dakSiNI athavA draviDa. uttArI athavA nAgarazailInA vAstu graMthonA mukhya praNetA "vizvakarmA gaNAya che. nAgarazailInA graMthamAM "vizvakarma-vAstu-zAstra' (vizvakarma-prakAza) bhojadevanuM "samarAMgaNasUtradhAra ane bhuvanadevanuM "aparAjitapRcchA' mukhya che. draviDazailInA vAstugraMthonA praNetA maya' gaNAya che. draviDa zailIne pramukha graMtha "mAnasAra" che. te uparAMta agatya-racita "sakalAdhikAra, kazyapane "aMzumabhedAgama." mayane "mayamata, zrIkumAra-kRta "zilparatna' gaNanApAtra graMtha che. "mAnasAranA kula 70 adhyAyamAM 50 adhyAya vAstukalA para ane bAkInA 20 adhyAya mUrtikalA para che. emAM hiMdu uparAMta jaina ane bauddha mUrti--vidhAnanI vigato paNa ApI che. agatyane sakalAdhikAra mAtra zaiva pratimA-vidhAnanI ja carcAonuM saMkalana kare che. kAzyapanuM aMzumabhedAgama" ghaNo vistRta graMtha che. temAM 86 adhyAyo paikI zarUnA 45 ane aMtima 2 adhyAya vAstune lagatA che, bAkInA 39 adhyAyomAM vividha pratimAonAM sAMgopAMga varNane ApelAM che. "mamata" mAM mUrtizAstrane lagatA cAra adhyAyo che. vizvakarmA prakAza nAgarazailIno prAcIna graMtha che. emAM 17 adhyAya pratimA-vidhAnane lagatA che. emAM lakSmI vagere aSTadevInI mUrti-nirmANa-vyavasthAnuM tema ja brahmAdi mUrtionAM svarUpanuM suMdara vivecana che. "samarAMgaNasUtradhAramAM paNa keTalAka adhyAyo mUrtividhAnane lagatA che. bhuvanadevano 'aparAjitapRcchA' vAstunI jema pratimA-vidhAnano eka apratima graMtha che. mUrtividhAnanA enA svataMtra adhyAyo (sUtro) vipula mAhitI Ape che. enAM ghaNAM sUtro, liMga, ziva, viSNu, brahmA, sUrya, gaNapati, devI, paMcAyatana, jaina vagerenI mUrtionA anekavidha prakAronAM vaidhAnika svarUponI vizada carcAo rajU kare che. A sivAya pratimA-vidhAnanI carcAo rajU karatA graMthomAM pAMcarAtra dIpikA, caturvargaciMtAmaNi, mUrtidhyAna, mUrtilakSaNa, lakSaNasamuccaya, devatAzilpa, rUpamaMDana, taMtrasAra, vizvakarmAvatAra, rUpAvatAra, jJAnaratnakoza, zilpasAra, zilparatna, kSIrArNava, dIpArNava vagere prakaraNo ke svataMtra graMtho nedhapAtra che. zukranIti, zAradAtilaka, nirNayasiMdhu, dharmasiMdhu, maMtramahArNava, maMtraratnAkara, merataMtra, zrItattvanidhi pUjA paddhatio, pratiSThAvidhio ane anya dhArmika graMthomAM paNa mUrti-vidhAnanI

Page #20
1 : prAstAvika carcAo che. emAM izAna-ziva-guru-devapaddhati', 'haribhakita vilAsa'. 'abhiSi tArthaci'tAmaNi' (mAnaseAllAsa') 'kRSNAnaMda taMtra--sAra' vagere graMthA pratimA-vidhAnanI apAra sAmagrI dharAve che. 11. bauddha dharmamAM pratimAnirmANa aMge keTalAka svataMtra graMtho racAyA che. citralakSaNa' nAmanA graMthamAM bauddha deva-devIonAM citronI zAstrIya mAhitI che. A graMthanI mULaprata aprApya che. paraMtu tibeTI bhASAmAMthI ene jarmanamAM je anuvAda bahAra paDayo che te parathI te ghaNI mahattvanI mAhitI pUrI pADe che. 'tArAlakSaNa' nAmanA graMthamAM tArA tathA anya devIonAM varNana ApyAM che. buddhanI dazatAlamUrti mATe tibeTI bhASAmAM dazatAlanyagrodha parimaMDala buddha pratimA--lakSaNa' nAmaka graMtha racAyA che. 'sAdhanamAlA'mAMthI seMkaDo bauddha pratimAonAM vidhAne maLe che, biMbamAna ane buddhapratimAlakSaNa para bauddha dharmamAM ghaNA graMthA upalabdha che. jaina dharmanA pratimAvidhAna mATe keTalAka grathAmAM prakaraNA apAyAM che. jemAM 'vAstusAra', 'aparAjitapRcchA', 'lokaprakAza', 'AcAra dinakara', 'nirvANakalikA', 'pratiSThAsAroddhAra', 'rUpamaMDana', 'rUpAvatAra', vageremAM jaina pratimA vize vipula mAhitI ApI che.

Page #21
2. Adya-aitihAsika zilpo (Isa. pUrve 2500 thI I.sa. pUrve 1500) bhAratamAM Adya aitihAsika saMskRtinI zodhe bhAratIya kalApravRtti I.sa. pUrve 2500 varSa sudhInI eTale ke lagabhaga sADA cAra hajAra varSa jeTalI jUnI hovAnuM nizcita karI ApyuM che. vaLI tyAM prApta thayelAM zilpo tathA mudrAo paranAM Alekhana vikasita svarUpanAM hovAnA kAraNe bhAratIya kalApravRittiAnAM maMDANa ethIye pahelAnA samayamAM thayAM hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. 1. prAgU haDappIya zi95paraMparA balucistAna ane siMdhanA pradezamAM I.sa. pUrve 4000 thI nAnA jUthamAM vaheMcAyelI kheta jevI Adima prajAne vAsa hato. emanI kRpaka saMskRti(peasant culture)nA ghaNA avazeSo A pradezamAM Thera Thera thayelAM khodakAma dvArA prApta thayA che. A namUnAo prAthamika avasthAnA hovA chatAM noMdhapAtra che. cakacakita vAsaNa paranAM citarAmaNamAM niSpanna thatA raMgenI abhivyakita ane rekhAonuM mArdava temanAmAM rahelI kalA-sUjhane vyakata kare che, paraMtu A Adi prajAnA rUpakSama namUnAo kamanasIbe maLyA nathI. - I.sa. pUrve 2500 mAM balucistAnamAM uttara ane dakSiNe be bhinna saMskRtio astitvamAM hovAnuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che. balucistAnamAM uttare Avela jhAba (Zhob) nadInA kAMThethI eka saMskRtinI vasAhato maLI che. te A pradezamAM dakSiNe kullI (kulli) ane makAna (Makran) saMskRti astitvamAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. jheba ane kullI-A baMne saMskRtinI ekabIjA paranI asara emanA vikAsanA zarUAtanA tabakakAmAM daSTigocara thAya che. A baMne saMskRtio temanI uttarAvasthAmAM haDappA sabhyatAmAM bhaLI jatI jovA maLe che. jhoba ane kullI saMskRtimAM sughATaya kalAnAM sarva prathama darzana thAya che. strIo tathA prANIonAM aneka mRttikA zilpo jhoba temaja kullI saMskRtimAMthI maLI AvyAM che. kulI saMskRtinA vistAramAMthI maLI Avela khAMdhavALA vRSabhanuM zilpa tenA zarIra para citrita karelI UbhI rekhAo tathA khAMdha para temaja -AgalA be paga para aMkita karela cekaDIonA kAraNe khAsa noMdhapAtra bane che.

Page #22
2 : Adha-atihAsika ziSe 13 tenI AMkhA paNa cItarelI che. ziMgaDAnAM mULa tathA garadana paNa rekhAo vaDe aMkita karelAM che. A zilpanA aMgamaroDa surekha che. haDappA sabhyatAmAMthI maLI Avela vRSabha sAthe A vRSabhanuM sAmya varatAya che. phullI vistAramAMthI vRSabha karatAM vadhu saMkhyAmAM srI-mUrtio ke pUtaLIo maLI che. strI-mUrtionuM mahattva bhAratIya zilpamAM savizeSa che. A pUtaLIo citarAmaNeAthI vibhUSita karelI nathI. haDappAnI jema ahIMnI pUtaLIomAM mukhya deha alaga banAvI, tenA para alaga alaga banAvela AMkho, vALa, nAbhI, stana vagere ceATADayAM che. e ja rIte deha paranAM ghareNAM ane zirAveSTana (head-dress) paNa alaga banAvIne lagADayAM che. temanA keDa pAsenA deha sapATa che. mukha bhAga kaMIka kharabacaDo, kapALa sAMkaDuM, coTADeluM aNIdAra nAka ane coTADelI UpaselI vartulAkAra AMkhA, ghareNAMnA bhArathI lacI paDatA khullA stana, sIdhA laTakatA ke chAtI pAse adaba vALelA hAtha vagere lakSaNA viziSTa racanApaddhatinA kAraNe noMdhapAtra che. A pUtaLIonI kezaracanA paNa viziSTa ghATanI che. gucchAdAra vALanA aMbADA beAcI para laTakatA rahe che ane kapALa pAsethI pasAra thatI paTikA vaDe tene cAre bAjuthI bAMdhelI che. emanuM alaMkAravaividhya dhyAnAkarSaka che. kAnamAM zaM AkAranAM eriMga, kaMThamAM laMbageALAkAra ke vRttAkAra ghATanA penDalavALA hAra ane karamAM valaya tathA bAjubaMdha jovA maLe che. pUtaLIonI UbhA rahevAnI chaTA, hAthanI sthiti vagere parathI A pUtaLIe koIka dhArmi ka vidhi sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI hovAnuM sUcana thAya che. A pUtaLIo daivI sarjanazakitanI pratIka hovAnuM keTalAka mAne che. keTalIka jagyAe A pUtaLIo bALakasaha paNa maLI AvI che. jhoba saMskRtimAMthI maLelAM prANIziAmAM vRSabha ane azvanAM zilpa noMdhapAtra che. prAcIna saMskRtimAM azvanAM zilpa bhAgye-ja jovA maLe che. tethI ahIMnAM azva-zilpa viziSTa gaNAya. ahIMthI maLela vRSabhazilpAmAM khAMdhavALA vRSabha paNa che. vRSabhanuM eka 8'' lAMbu dhaDa maLI AvyuM che. itara rAMskRtiomAMthI maLatA namUnAomAM vRSabhanA paga ekadama sIdhA ane UbhA rahetA hovAthI kRtrima lAge che, jyAre A vRSabhane enI naisargika chaTAmAM Ubhela darzAvyA che, tethI e ramya lAge che. tenA dehamAM mArdava ane gatizIlatA aMkita thayAM che. kullI saMskRtinAM A prakAranAM zilpAnI sarakhAmaNImAM tenI abhivyakita kalAtmaka ane AkarSIka che.

Page #23
joi bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA pakavelI mATInI je pUtaLIo ahIMthI maLe che temAM paNa kullI karatAM vadhu vikAsa najare paDe che. A pUtaLIone keDa nIceno bhAga sapATa banAvI tenuM rUpAMtara samacorasa ke laMbacorasa beThakamAM pariNamatuM darzAvyuM che. ahIMthI maLelI pUtaLIonA hAtha maLyA nathI. mukhabhAga ane dhaDabhAgamAM sughATaya kalAnA aMkura phuTatA jaNAya che. perIAna-buM, kaDanI ane moghula-jDaImAMthI prApta thayela pUtaLIo A prakAranI che. cibuka uparanA baMne oSThanuM surekha aMkana, vizALa suMvALuM kapALa, zukanAsa jevI nAsikA ane gherI UMDI nayanabakhelo (jemAM kIkI alaga mUkavAmAM AvatI) tyAMnA lokonI klAtmaka dRSTinAM ghAtaka udAharaNa banI rahe che. dhaDabhAgamAM stana parNa vRttAkAra ghATanA che. vaLI temAM yathAsthAne stanaDITI -darzAvI che te paNa emanI kalAsUjha darzAve che. jhoba saMskRtinI pUtaLIo uparokata kullI saMskRtinA jevAM ghareNAM tathA ziroNana dharAve che. A AbhUSaNo lagADavAnI paddhati paNa kullI jevI che. vizeSamAM mastakane rUmAla jevA vastra vaDe cUsta bAMdhavAmAM Ave che. A vastranA baMne cheDA khabhA para laTakatA hoya che. kullInI jema A pUtaLIone paNa koI dhArmika vidhi sAthe saMbaMdha hovAnuM jaNAya che. e mAtRpUjAnI dyotaka hoya tema manAya che. prAthamika kakSAnuM kauzala darzAvatA A baMne saMskRtinA namUnAomAM prAcIna bhAratIya sughATaya kalAnAM bIja najare paDe che. bhAva ane veganuM prAkaTaya e koI paNa kalAnI mULabhUta niSpatti che. enI prAthamika avastho ahIM dRSTigocara thAya che. A pUtaLIonuM zarIrasauSThava surekha che. kezakalApa ane AbharaNa AkarSaka che. kullI karatAM jhobanuM mahattva eka bAbatamAM vizeSa che ane te e ke jhobamAM ApaNane kalAnI pragatinI pratIti thAya che. A baMne saMskRtio temanI uttarakAlIna avasthAmAM haDappIya sabhyatA sAthe bhaLI jatI hovAthI temanI zilpaparaMparA haDappIya sabhyatAmAM vikasita svarUpe najare paDe che. 2. hampIya sabhyatAnAM vividha zilpasvarUpa A sabhyatAne samayapaTa lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa (I.sa. pUrve 2500thI I.sa. pUrve 1500) jeTalo mUkAya che ane tene tatkAlIna phelAvo lagabhaga 1500 co. mAIla vistAramAM jaNAya che. balucistAnanA makarAne pradezathI mAMDI paMjAbanA aMbAlA jillAnA rupara, rAvI nadInA kAMThe Avela haDappA tathA tyAMnI sarasvatInA kAMThe kAMThe hAlanA bikAnera sudhI tathA siMdhu nadInA kAMThe Avela mohejo-daDothI mAMDIne dakSiNe narmadAnA kAMThe Avela navaDATelI ane mAhezvara sudhI tene phelAvo

Page #24
2: Agha-etihAsika zire hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. A sabhyatAnAM keTalAMka navAM kendro pAkistAna sarakAre paNa zodhyAM che. Aja sudhI enAM lagabhaga 40 jeTalAM kendro jANamAM AvyAM che. A kendromAMthI prApta thayela senA-cAMdI ane maNiemAMthI banAvelAM ghareNAMthI mAMDIne mATI paththara, dhAtu jevA padArthomAMthI banAvelAM AmajanatAne upayogI ghareNAM, vAsaNo, ramakaDAM, zilpa, citrAMkano vagere unnata nagarajIvananAM dyotaka hovA uparAMta prajAjanonI kalArucinA paNa dyotaka che. haDappIya sabhyatAnAM zilpa sughATaya kalAnA namUnA che. emAM aMzamUrta ane pUrNa mUrta baMne prakAro maLI Ave che. A zilpo mRttikA (mATI), pASANa ane dhAtunAM banelAM cheAmAM pASANa ane dhAtunAM zilpa mATInAM banAvelAM zilpanI apekSAe adhika surekha, klAya ane utkRSTa che. mATInAM banelAM zilpa ane pASANa dhAtunAM zilpanI rUpakSamatA temaja baMnenI zailI varace bhAre taphAvata varatAya che. mATInAM zilpa samAjanA nIcalA tharanA lokonI lokakalAnAM ghAtaka hovAnuM jaNAya che. jyAre pASANa ane dhAtunAM zilpa samAjanA udAtta varganI kalAnA namUnA hovAnuM lAge che. A pharaka samAjamAM pravartamAna Arthika viSamatAne laIne hovA saMbhave che. haDappIya sabhyatAnAM zilpo mukhyatve dhArmika viSayane anusare che. manuSyAkAra, prANI-AkAra ane baMnenA mizrA AkAra dharAvatAM zilpa mukhyatve mudrAo ane mudrAMko para prApta thAya che. uparAMta mATI, pASANa ane dhAtunAM keTalAMka zilpa paNa A prakAranAM che. vaLI liMga, jaLadhArI ane vRkSanI zilpakRtio paNa maLe che. (a) muddAo paranAM rekhAMkane mudrAo paranAM rekhAMkano bIbAmAM banAvIne upasAvelAM che, jyAre mudrAMko para zilpAnA AkAra UMDA UtarelA jovA maLe che. mudrAomAM Aghaziva tarIke oLakhAtI traNa mudrAo viziSTa che. emanA paranAM traNa rekhAMkanamAM devanA je AkAra AlekhavAmAM AvyA che te anukAlIna mahAdevanA ravarUpa sAthe ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che. be rekhAMkanamAM emanAM, eka dakSiNAbhimukha, eka sammukha ane eka vAmAbhimukha ema kula traNa mukha AlekhyAM che; jyAre trIjA rekhAMkanamAM mAtra eka dakSiNAbhimukha batAvyuM che. ekamAM e deva bhUmi para beThelA che, jyAre bIjA bemAM e bAjaTha para beThelA che, jemAMnA ekanA pAyA vRSabhAkAre ghaDavAmAM AvyA che. traNeyamAM e deva yogAsanamAM beThelA

Page #25
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA che, jemAM baMne paganI pAnI ekabIjAne aDoaDa lAvIne enAM cApAM nIcAM rAkhyAM che. baMne hAtha trAMsA laMbAvIne DhIMcaNa para TekavelA che. beu hAtha para cheka khabhAthI kAMDA sudhI nAnAM moTAM kaDAM ne kalvIo paherelAM che. eka rekhAMkanamAM devanA kaMThamAM hArAvalI paherAvelI che, kaTimekhalA paNa che ane enI nIcenA bhAgamAM Urdhvazizna AlekheluM che. mAthA paranA veSTanamAM vacce maMjarInuM choguM beseluM che. enI baMne bAjue be ziMgaDAM che. eka mukhavALA AkAramAM pAchaLa laTone lAMbo jUTa laTake che. be rekhAMkanomAM devane ekalA AlekhyA che, paraMtu trIjA rekhAMkanamAM emanI AsapAsa pazuono parivAra che. emAM emanI jamaNI bAjue hAthI ane vAgha, DAbI bAjue geMDo ane pADo ne AsananI nIce be haraNa che. (juo AkRti 1) uparanAM traNe rekhAMkananAM lakSaNo pAchalA samayanA ziva-svarUpa jevAM jaNAya che. eka pUrNa mUrta sanmukha ane be ardhamUrta pArzvagata ema traNa mukhanAM zilpa zivanA mahezvara svarUpanI mUrti emAM pracalita che, vepTana paranAM maMjarI ane ziMgaDAM maLIne banatAM traNa pAMkhAM anukAlIna zivanA trizULanA AkArano saMketa kare che. yogAsana ane Urdhvazizna paNa zivanA yogIzvara svarUpanAM dyotaka che. pazuno parivAra temanA pazupati svarUpane saMketa kare che. gaja, vAgha ane mRga ziva sAthe (gajacarma, vyAghacarma, mRgacarma dvArA paNa) saMkaLAyelAM che. siMhAsananI jagyAe vRSabhAsana zivanA vAhana naMdInuM smaraNa karAve che. strIdehanA AkAranI mATImAMthI banAvelI bhAre ziroSTanavALI pUtaLIo mAtRdevInI hoya ema manAya che, jenuM vigatavAra nirUpaNa AgaLa upara karavAmAM Avaze. moheM jo-daDonI eka mudrA paranA rekhAMkanamAM eka devIne pIpaLAnA thaDanI be DALIo vacce UbhelI AlekhavAmAM AvI che emAM enA mAthA para be ziMgaDAM che. A yuganI ghaNI saMskRtiomAM ziMgaDAM e devadevIonuM viziSTa abhijJAna gaNAtuM. e parathI temaja enI upAsya tarIkenI avasthA parathI A AkRti koI mukhya devInI hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. enI AgaLa ziMgaDAMvALI bIjI vyakita nIce namIne enI upAsanA karI rahI che ne e vyakitanI pAchaLa manuSyanI kaLAvALo rAnI bako Ubho che. ADI paMkitanI nIcenA bhAgamAM sAta strIo hArabaMdha UbhI che. dareka strInA mAthAnI pAchaLa lAMbu choDyuM ane lAMbo coTalo laTake che. Ama AmAM mukhya devI vanaspati sAthe nikaTa saMbaMdha dharAvatI jaNAya che. haDappAnI eka mudrA paranA rekhAMkanamAM enI yonimAMthI vRkSane aMkura phUTato batAvyo che. e parathI paNa A devInA vanaspati sAthenA saMbaMdhanI pratIti thAya che. madhya-pUrva ane pazcima (samIpa) pUrvamAM

Page #26
2 H Agha-etihAsika zi 17, pahelAM AvI sarjaka zakitanI TheraThera upAsanA thatI ne e loko ene "mAtAjI" (mAtRdevI) tarIke ArAdhanA. bhAratamAM Aje paNa bhinna bhinna prakAre mAtAjInI ArAdhanA pracalita che haDappA sabhyatAmAM manuSpAkAra devonI upAsanAnI sAthe sAthe pazu, pakSI ke nara-- pazu ane nara-pakSInAM mizrita svarUpa(vyAla)nI upAsanA pracalita hoya ema lAge che. moheMjo-daDonI coka mudrA paranA rekhAMkanamAMthI vRSabhanA paga, puccha ane ziMgaDAM dharAvatI manuSpAkAra vyakita spaSTata: daivI svarUpanI dyotaka che. (AvA nara vRSabhano AkAra sumeranAM zilpomAM paNa najare paDe che.) bIjI eka mudrAmAM A devane ziMgaDAMvALA vAgha sAthe laData darzAvyo che. emAM vAgha paNa koI pratispadhI deva hovo joIe. bIjI traNa mudrAo paranAM rekhAMkanamAM Avo koI vIrapuruSa be hAthe be vAgha para potAnuM jora ajamAvI rahyo che. AvAM avAstavika mizrita prANIonAM Alekhana pAchaLa dhArmika hetu uddiSTa jaNAya che. mudrAo ane tAvIje paranAM rekhAMkanamAM khAsa karIne pazu AkRtio Apa-- vAmAM AvI che. AmAM kazuMgI vRSabhanI chApa (AkRti 2) sauthI vadhu jovAmAM Ave. che. tenA mAM nIce haMmezAM dhUpadAnI ke homadAnI jevuM pAtra mUkeluM hoya che. eka saraghasanA dazyamAM eka mANasa jo vRSabhanA pUtaLAne mAthA para mUkIne jato jaNAvyo che. Ama pazuomAM A ekazRMgI vRSabha koI mukhya devanuM svarUpa hoya tema jaNAya. che. A uparAMta mudrAonAM rekhAMkanamAM ApelAM pazue-khAMdha vagarane sAMDha, khAMdhavALo sAMDha, hAthI, vAgha, geMDo, pADo, bakaro, haraNa vagere bIjAM pazu paNa daivI svarUpanAM manAtAM haze. emAMnAM ghaNAM pazuonI sAthe peluM pAtrapratIka paNa jovAmAM Ave che. mizrita prANIo paNa dhArmika svarUpanAM ja che. mANasanA moM vALo bakaro vRkSadevatA sAthe saMkaLAyelo jaNAya che. eka rekhAMkanamAM strInA UbhA dehanI DAbI bAjue vAghanuM dhaDa joDavAmAM AvyuM che ne e strInA mAthA para be ziMgaDAM che. A koI alaukika vyakita hovI joIe. eka rekhAMkanamAM gheTAnA AkAramAM vRSabhanAM ziMgaDAM, mANasanuM moM, hAthInI sUMDha ane daMtazULa joDavAmAM AvyAM che. A rekhAMkana ahIMthI prApta thayela cha mudrAo para jovAmAM Ave che... tethI anumAna che ke A mizrita prANInI kalpanA ghaNI pracalita haze. eka rekhAMkanamAM vRSabhanA eka dhaDa sAthe haraNanAM traNa moDhAM joDavAmAM AvyAM che. eka rekhAMkanamAM be vAghanAM zarIra ekabIjAnI ArapAra vIMdhelAM che. bIjA eka rekhAMkanamAM madhyama vartulanI cha bAjue judAM judAM pazuonAM mastaka joDavAmAM AvyAM che. emAMnuM bhA. prA. zi. 2

Page #27
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA eka DokuM pelA ekazuMgI vRSabhanuM, bIjuM TUMkA ziMgaDAMvALA vRSabhanuM, trIjuM haraNanuM ne cothuM vAghanuM che. bAkInAM be khaMDitamAM eka geMDAnuM ane bIju hAthInuM hovAnuM lAge che e parathI jaNAya che ke pazusvarUpavALA badhA devo Akhare sUryadevanAM ja vividha svarUpa hoya tema manAtuM haze. nAgadevane AkAra moheMjo-daDonI be mudrAo para aMkita thayela che. ekamAM -enI sAthe bAjaTha para dUdha jevo kaMI padArtha dharavAmAM Avyo che. bIjAmAM yogAsanamAM -Asanastha devanI sAme nIcA namI rahelA be upAsakonI pAchaLa eka eka nAga UbhA che. haDappAnI mudrAmAM paNa tene eka ghATa maLyo che. citrita vAsaNo para tene AkAra ghaNI jagyAe aMkita thayelo che. mudrAo para vRkSanAM rekhAMkano kavacita dekhA de che, paraMtu mudrAMko para vRkSanAM - ghaNAM rekhAMkano maLyAM che. eka rekhAMkanamAM nAnA moTA nava pAMdaDAvALA pIpaLAnA - thaDamAMthI be bAjue ekazRMga pazunAM DokAMTelAM che. temAM vRkSanuM devI svarUpa mUrta - thayuM che. eka mudrAmAM eka pADo vRkSadevatAnI rekI karato darzAvyo che. A uparAMta keTalAMka rUpAMkanomAM svastikanI AkRti paNa dekhA de che. lothalamAMthI maLelAM mudrAo ane mudra paranAM rekhAMkanamAM kevaLa prANIonI AkRtio jovA maLe che. prANIonI jIvana-sadaza mUrtatA kuzaLatApUrvaka darzAvAI che. vAstavika svarUpamAM badhI snAyugata vigato darzAvIne emanuM sabaLa nirUpaNa - karavAmAM AvyuM che. haDappA ne moheMjo-daDomAM jovA maLato AgaLa paDatI khAMdha ane godaDI mATe jANIto vRSabha lothalamAM jovA maLato nathI. alabatta tyAMnuM lokapriya - prANI ekazRMga ahIM paNa savizeSa jovA maLe che. vaLI khAMdha vagarano vRSabha, hAthI, - pahADI bakaro vagerenAM aMkana thayAM che. saurASTra hAthIonuM nivAsasthAna hovAthI lothalanA kalAkAre ene najIkathI abhyAsa karyo hovo joIe. kema ke ene ghaNI vigate kaMDAryo che. lothalamAM paNa mizra-pazunuM Alekhana thayuM che. emAM AgaLa paDatI khAMdhavALA vRSabhanAM zIMgaDAM, AgalA paga tathA moDha, hAthInAM sUMDha tathA dAMta ane pUMchaDI sarpanA jevI pheNa mAMDelI UbhI karI che. A) mATInAM pakavelAM zilpa mATInAM pakavelAM zilpamAM pUtaLIo khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. A pUtaLIonuM zilpakAma prAthamika lokakalAnA svarUpanuM jaNAya che. alabatta, keTalIka pUtaLIe kalAkAranA hAthe paNa ghaDAI hoya evI sarasa che. AchA gulAbI ke gherA gulAbI raMganI mATImAM cUno ke abharakhanI meLavaNI karIne A pUtaLIo banAvelI che. keTalIka

Page #28
5 1 '? 1. 5 pati ka, matRdevI 2. ekagapazu 5 nartakI 6. dhaDa 3 mAtRdevI 7. gI

Page #29
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA pUtaLIone ghasIne sArI rIte lIsI ane cakacakita karelI che. A pUtaLIomAMnI keTalIka devIonA svarUpanI, keTalIka mAnatA mATenI tA keTalIka cheAkarane ramavA mATenAM ramakaDAM svarUpanI che. devI-svarUpanI srI-pUtaLIomAM enA bhAre veSTananI baMne bAjue laTakatA vIMTAomAM dhUpadIpanI nizAnIo maLatI hovAthI temanI pUjA thatI hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che (AkRti 4). pUtaLIe meTe bhAge UbhI avasthAmAM, kavicat beThelI ane kayAreka gatimAna avasthAmAM te jUjapaNe sUtelI avasthAmAM paNa darzAvI che. sAmAnya rIte pUtaLIonA hAthapaga sIdhA UbhA jovAmAM Ave che. AMkhaneA AkAra batAvavA mATe mATInI nAnI laMbagALa TIkaDIonA upayAga karavAmAM AvatA. enI aMdaranI kIkI kavicat kotarIne batAvAtI paNa bahudhA e 2MgathI sUcavAtI. nAkanA bhAga mukhanA bhAgamAMthI upasAvI levAmAM AvatA ane hoThane AkAra lAvavA mATe eka sAdA kApA pADavAmAM AvatA. alabatta, keTalIka sarasa pUtaLIomAM baMne hoTha upasAvIne banAvelA paNa jovA maLe che. pUtaLIonAM vastrAbhUSaNa ane kezavinyAsa viziSTa prakAre banatAM. darekane alaga alaga banAvI, pUtaLIonAM deha para coMTADI pUtaLIone pakavavAmAM AvatI. A prakAranI prakriyAne mUrtana pati (hatheLI ane AMgaLIo vaDe dabAvI ghATa ApatI paddhati) kahe che. vezabhUSAmAM eriMga, kaMThahAra, hAramALA, bAjubaMdha, valaya ke baMgaDIo, kallAM, kaTimekhalA, nUpura vagere mukhya che. zrI pUtaLIomAM nIce TUMkI caDDI jevuM vastra paherelu jovA maLe che. 20 strI-pUtaLIo mATe bhAge UbhI avasthAnI hoya che. kavicat koI strI-AkRti katharoTamAM kaNaka bAMdhatI, kheALAmAM bALakane laI dhavarAvatI ke nirAMte bAjaTha para beThelI paNa darzAvI che. strI-pUtaLIonA mastaka para UbhA pa khA ghATanuM veSTana jovA maLe che (AkRti 3). A veSTana RRgveda--varNita "opasa" prakAranuM hovAnuM manAya che. A veSTana bahudhA mAthAnI pachavADethI ane kavicat vacalA bhAgamAMthI paherAveluM jaNAya che. veSTana sAthe khAsa karIne daivI svarUpanI pUtaLIomAM upara jaNAvyuM che tema, baMne bAjunA kAna paranA bhAgamAM chAlA (TopalI) ghATanA be ardha gALa vIMTA umeravAmAM AvatA. keTalIkavAra A vIMTAonI nIce zaMkuM ghATanAM cAka jevAM ghareNAM paNa jovA maLe che. keTalIka pUtaLIomAM veSTananI AgaLanA bhAgamAM suzobhita paTTAyukata mukuTa paherAvyA hoya che. emAMthI thaIne nIkaLatI kezanI eka eka sera bane khabhA para thaI pAchaLa laTakatI darzAvI che. venamAM eka kaThI ke kaMThahAra jevI sero laTakatI jovA maLe che. eka bIjI mUrti, je ghaNuM karIne '"mAtRdevI" tarIke oLakhAyela che, tenA mastaka paranuM veSTata uSNISa (pAghaDI ke pheTA) jevA ghATanuM che. (mathurA ane takSazilAmAMthI maLI AvelI mATInI prAcIna

Page #30
21 2Adya-etihAsika zi mUrti enA mastaka para AvA ja prakAranuM veSTana jovAmAM Ave che, je A paraMparA anukAlamAM paNa cAlu rahI hovAnA udAharaNa rUpa che.) balucistAna, siMdha ane paMjAbanAM sthAnomAMthI maLe che evI lAkSaNika strIAkRtio kAlIbaMgana (rAjasthAna), lothala, raMgapura ane desalapura (gujarA )mAMthI maLatI nathI tethI rAjasthAna ane gujarAtanA haDappIya lokomAM mAtRdevIno saMpradAya pracalita nahIM hovA saMbhave che. lothalamAMthI maLelI strI-AkRtio siMdhu khINamAMthI maLelI AkRtio karatAM snAyugata vigatonuM vadhu sArUM nirUpaNa dharAve che. emAMnA ghaNA kissAomAM bAvaDAM ane paga tUTI gayA che ane chUTA lagADelA stana kharI paDyA che. eka pUtaLImAM pAtaLI kamara, bhAre sAthaLa ane sapramANa avayavo jovA maLe che. bIjImAM khabhA, kAMDu ane sAthaLa suMdara rIte darzAvyAM che. eka strInI beThaMgI AkRtimAM moTAM stana, cImaTIne kADheluM nAka ane mAthAnI baMne bAju ekeka chAlakuM najare paDe che. Ama A AkRti siMdhu khINanI mAtR-devI sAthe pahelI najare maLatI Ave che, paNa avayavo spaSTapaNe batAvelA nahIM hovAthI ane tyAMnA jevA koI alaMkAro paNa darzAvelA nahIM hovAthI A mAtRdevInI pUtaLI hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. puruSAkRti pUtaLIo moTe bhAge nirvastra hoya che. caDI jevuM vastra paNa bhAgye ja najare paDe che. puruSonA mastaka paranA lAMbA vALanI laTone sAdhAraNa rIte pAchalA bhAgamAM jyAbaMdhanI jema gUMthI lIdhelI jovA maLe che. koI koInAM mastaka saphAcaTa paNa che. koInA mukha para TUMkI dADhI dekhA de che. keTalAkane mAthe zaMku ghATanI TopI, to keTalAkane mAthe laTakatA che gAvALI pAghaDI che. koIke kaMThahAra, bAjubaMdha vagere alaMkAra paNa dhAraNa karyA che. puruSAkRtie bahudhA UbhelI sthitimAM che, paNa keTalIkamAM be DhIMcaNa UMcA rAkhI enI AsapArA hAtha vIMTI jANe DAyarAmAM besavAne utsuka hoya evI sthitimAM paNa najare paDe che. strIonI pUtaLIonA mukAbale puruSonI pUtaLIonI saMkhyA ja che. lethalamAMthI maLela traNa puruSAkRtio noMdhapAtra che. emAMnuM eka uttarAMga (bust) che. emAM corasa kApelI dADhI, tIkSNa nAka, lAMbI kApelI AMkho ane lIsuM mAthuM viziSTa che. bIjI AkRtimAM hAthapaga vagaranA dhaDane moTI phAMda ane nAbhI che. A AkRti haDappAmAMthI maLelA paththaranA dhaDa sAthe maLatI Ave che. trIjo namUno pakavelI mATImAMthI ghaDelI misaranI "mamI"no che. emAM korI kADhelI AMkho cImaTI kADheluM moTuM ane nAka AkarSaka che. moheMjo-daDomAMthI Ane maLatI AvatI AkRti dilhInA saphadaragaMja myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta che.

Page #31
22 bhAratIya prAcIna zipakalA mATImAMthI banAvela vRSabha, vAnara, sasalAM, bakarAM, gheTAM, dariyAI ghoDA, hAthI, bheMsa vagere judI judI jAtanAM jaLacara ane sthaLacara prANIonAM zilpo haDappA ane mehe jo-daDomAMthI moTI saMkhyAmAM maLI Ave che. emAM kazRMga pazu vizeSa dhyAna kheMce che. enA zRMgane AkAra koI haraNanA AgaLa paDatA ane vAMkI aNIvALA zIMgaDA jevo che. kyAreka zIMgaDA para sAbaranA zIMgaDAne maLatA AvatA goLa goLa AMTA ke nAnA nAnA ADA phaNagA dekhAya che. haMmezAM nara jAtimAM Alekhana pAmatA ane jamaNI bAju mAthu rAkhIne UbhA rahetA A prANInuM mAM lAMbuM ane sAMkaDuM, kAna lAMbA ane aNIdAra temaja pUMchaDI lAMbA gucchAvALI hoya che. enI pITha para pakSInA suzobhanavALuM AcchAdana jovA maLe che. enI Doka para nAnI moTI saMkhyAbaMdha hAMsaDIo paherAvelI che. lothalamAMthI ekazRMga pazunuM eka mAthuM maLyuM che. emAM maNakA jevI AMkho che ane cAmaDInAM paDa bahAra UpasatAM jovAmAM Ave che. enI jIbha moDhAmAM kAMkarAthI batAvI che. enA kAna nIce paDI gayA che. ekazRMga pazunA mukha pAse bahudhA dhUpadAnI-AkAranuM pAtra mUkeluM hoya che. A pazu dhArmika mahimA dharAvatuM hovAnuM manAya che. vRSabhanAM zilpamAM emanI be jAta jovA maLe che : TUMkAM ziMgaDAvALe khAdha vagarano vRSabha ane lAMbA ziMgaDAvALo khAMdhavALo vRSabha. TUMkAM ziMgaDAvALA vRkSabhanA AlekhanamAM ene haMmezAM khIjAIne gaLuM mAravA Avato hoya tevo darzAvyo che. enAM ziMgaDAM aMdaranA bhAgamAM goLa vaLelAM che, garadana paranI karacalIonuM Alekhana hUbahU che. lAMbA ziMgaDAvALo vRSabha khAMdhavALo ne kadAvara che. enAM ziMgaDAM taddana UMcAM ne jarAka aMtargoLa vaLelAM hoya che, enI Doka nIce cAmaDInI bhAre godaDI laTake che. A baMne jAtanA vRSabhamAM snAyugata vigate kALajIpUrvaka karavAmAM AvI che. haDappA ane moheM-jo-daDomAMthI maLelAM bIjA prANI-zilpomAM vAnara, gheTAM ne dariyAI ghoDAnAM keTalAMka zilpa ullekhanIya che. emAMya vRkSa para caDhatA vAnaranI aMgabhaMgI manahara che. lothalamAMthI maLela gorIlA vAnaranI AkRti ghaNI vAstavika che. e TUMkA paga, bharAvadAra zarIra, nAnuM mAthuM, cImaTI dIdheluM nAka ane laMbAI kADheluM moTuM dharAve che. lothalamAMthI maLelI gAyanI AkRtimAM TUMkAM ane AgaLa nIkaLatAM ziMgaDAM, nIcI khAMdha AMcaLa, ane prajanana aMge spaSTapaNe darzAvavAmAM AvyAM che. ramakaDAMmAM hAthI, vAgha, geMDA, pADA, bakarAM, vAnara, bilADI, kUtarA, ityAdi prANIo temaja garUDa, kabUtara, popaTa, mera, Dhela, maradhI, bataka, haMsa, cakalI, samaDI, ghUvaDa vagere pakSIo vizeSa pramANamAM maLI Ave che. emAMnAM keTalAMka mizrA

Page #32
2 : Adya-aitihAsika zilpa 24 ghATanAM paNa che. jethalamAMthI maLela eka miza AkRtimAM mAnavazarIra para ghoDAnuM mAthuM che. jo ke A azvamukha mAnavaAkRtimAM avayavo banAvavAmAM khAsa kALajI rakhAI nathI. anukalIna pIrANika kathAnako parathI A prakAranA pazunuM zira ane mAnava zarIra dharAvatI AkRtio ardha daivI so hovAno khyAla maLe che. I) pASANa ane dhAtunAM zilpa AvAM zilpo siMdhu khINanAM sthAnamAMthI sArA pramANamAM maLI AvyAM che. A zilponI rUpakSamatA tatkAlIna mATInAM pakavelAM zilpone mukAbale ucca prakAranI che.. A zilpone kalAnI dRSTie be vibhAgomAM vaheMcI zakAya che. A baMne vibhAga be judI judI zailIonA dyotaka che. eka zailImAM prAkRtikatA ane zArIrika avayavonuM yathAtatha Alekhana thayuM che. haDappAmAMthI prApta nagna puruSanI be. pASANa AkRtio ane moheMjo-daDomAMthI prApta strInI eka kAMsya mUrti A zailInAM dRSTAMtarUpa sarasa namUnA che. bIjI zailImAM bAhya AkArasauSThava karatAM Atmika sauMdarya abhivyakata karavA tarapha vizeSa dhyAna apAyuM che. mohejo-daDomAMthI maLI Avela cUnA ane selakhaDInAM keTalAMka zilpa A zailInAM dyotaka che. pahelI zailIne vyakata karatuM haDappAmAMthI maLeluM eka pASANa zilpa puruSAkRti. dhaDa (torso) che (AkRti 6). lAla paththaramAMthI ghaDelI A AkRtinuM mAthuM, ane paga gUma thayelAM che. paNa dhaDanA DokAnA bhAga temaja khabhAnA bAhumUla parathI jaNAya che ke enAM mAthuM ane hAtha chUTAM haze ane temane dhaDa sAthe sAla dvArA joDavAmAM AvyAM haze. ghATIlA ne mAMsala avayavo puruSanA dehasauSThavane sarasa rIte niSpanna. kare che. A zailInuM bIjuM zilpa sleTiyA raMganA bhUkharA paththaramAMthI ghaDelI purupAkRtinuM che. prathamanA zilpanI jema AnAM paNa mastaka ane hAtha chUTA sAlamAM besADyA che, je gUma thayelAM che. paga paNa tUTI gayA che. puruSanI dehachaTA jotAM eno eka paga jamInane aDela ane bIjo UMce karela hovAnuM lAge che. zarIra. kaTimAMthI DAbI tarapha jhUkeluM hovAthI e nRtyanI koI lalita chaTA vyakata karatuM lAge. che. lothalamAMthI AlAbAstaramAM banAvelA bAvalAno hAtha pASANa zilpane suMdara. namUno che. nAjuka rIte vALelI AMgaLIo ane snAyunI vigato kaMIka aMze misaranI kalA sAthe saMbaMdha sUcave che. paga chUTAM ghaDAya evAM aMgenI jogavAI haDappAnI nagnapuruSa AkRtio sAthe sAmya dharAve che. A vAstavalakSI zailIne abhivyakata karatuM zilpa kAMsAnI eka nartakInuM che (AkRti 5). dhAtunA DhALAnA kAmano A prAcInatama namUno che. uparokata baMne puruSa--

Page #33
bhAratIya prAcIna zipakalA AkRtionI jema A strI-AkRti paNa nagna che. emAM eka paga tUTelo che, jyAre bAkInAM aMgo akabaMdha che. AmAM baMne paga saheja lacaka laI vaLelA che. DAbo paga saheja AgaLa lIdhela che, jamaNo hAtha kaTi para Tekavelo che ane DAbo hAtha AgaLa laTakato rAkhelo che. ene bhAre aMboDo jamaNI bAjunA khabhA para goThavAyo che. DAbA hAthe cheka bAhumULathI kAMDA sudhI baMgaDIo paherelI che, jyAre jamaNA hAthe kAMDAmAM kevaLa be baMgaDI ne koNInA uparanA bhAgamAM bAjubaMdha dhAraNa karelo che. tene kezakalApa AkarSaka che. tenI dehalatA sapramANa che, paNa hAtha ane paganI laMbAI vadhu che. dehalatA nAjuka chaTAdAra ne mehaka banI che. moheMjo- daDomAMthI kAMsAnI banelI bheMsa paNa maLI AvI che. lothalamAMthI kAMsAmAM DhALelI prANI-AkRtio maLI AvI che. emAM kUtarAnI be AkRtio, beThelA vRSabhanI -tAvIja tarIke vaparAtI AkRti, pakSInA mastakavALI saLI, eka sasaluM, eka kUkaDo kalAnI dRSTie noMdhapAtra che. ahIMthI thoDI tAMbAnI pazuAkRtio paNa maLI AvI che paNa e oLakhI zakAI nathI. mahejo-daDo, lothala vagere sthAnoethI maLelAM dhAtuzilpo naSTa-mINanI paddhatie DhALelAM che. bIjI zailInAM pASANanAM keTalAMka zilpo bahudhA pocA cUnAnA paththara ane AlAbAstara temaja selakhaDImAMthI banAvelAM maLe che. temAM haDappAmAMthI maLI Avela zAla -DhelA puruSanuM eka pUtaLuM (AkRti 7) sarvAdhika prasiddha che. zAlamAM ThekaThekANe tridalanI bhAta che. tridalamAM siMdariyo raMga bharI uThAva ApavAno prayAsa karyo che. AvI tridala bhAta tatkAlIna avazeSomAM ghaNI jagyAe dekhA de che. tethI te su-ranI jema haDappIya sabhyatAmAM paNa dhArmika mahimA dharAvatI hovAnuM manAya che. A pUtaLuM koI deva, purohita ke ghaNe bhAge yogInuM hovAnuM manAya che. enI kAnanI bUTa nIce kaMThahAra paheravAnAM kANAM rAkhelAM che. enI lAMbI ardhamIMcI AMkho (nAsAgadaSTi) parathI e dhyAnastha hovAnuM jaNAya che. Atmika bhAva abhivyakata karavAmAM kalAkArane saphaLatA sAMpaDI che. enA mukha para dADhI mUcha che. mAthA para vALanAM paTiyAM pADI ene paTIbaMdha vaDe cUsta rAkhavAmAM AvyAM che. enuM kapALa nA capaTa ane gAla bharAvadAra che. A zilpane maLatuM AlAbAsataramAMthI kaMDAreluM beThela avasthAnuM eka zilpa moheMjo-daDomAMthI maLI AvyuM che. emAM mastaka khaMDita thayela che. mohejo-daDomAMthI vividha mukhAkRtione pragaTa karatAM keTalAMka mastako maLI AvyAM che. AmAnuM eka mastaka UpasI AvatAM gAlanAM hADakAM, moTuM nAka, jADA hoTha ane vizALa bhAlathI judu tarI Ave che. tenI AchI dADhI ane gucchAdAra chatAM sarasa rIte oLelA vALa paNa tenI viziSTatAmAM vadhAro kare che. vALane eka gAMThamAM gAMThI DAbI bAjuethI goLAkAra herapIna bharAvI vyavasthita rakhAyA che.

Page #34
3. vedakAlathI naMdakAla sudhInI zilpakalA (I. sa. pUrve 1500 thI I. sa. pUrve 600) 1) vaidika ane anurvedika sAhityamAM zilpanA ullekha vaidika saMhitAomAM bhautika sAmagrImAMthI banAvelAM zilponA ullekha maLe che. paraMtu haju sudhI vedasaMhitAonA kAla (Azare I. sa. pUrve 1500 thI 1000) nA koI namUnA upalabdha thayA nathI. yajJakriyA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA yajJayUpa (staMbha) mATe lAkaDuM kApavA "dhUpaghaska" nAmano eka kAhavardhA ki (kaThiyAro) kuhADI ane vAMsalo laIne jaMgalamAM jato varNavyo che. tenI pAse tAMbAmAMthI banAvelAM ojAro che. temAM vAMsalI paNa che. atharvavedanA zAlA sUkatamAM devadArU ane zAla vRkSanA kASThamAMthI banAvelA moTA mahelonuM varNana che. gAma loko A vRkSone kApIne taMbha, bhI te, pATaDA, aTArI (jharUkhA) vagerenuM nirmANa karatA varNavyA che. A parathI e sUcita thAya che ke vaidika zilpa-sthApatyano moTo bhAga kASThamAM-lAkaDAmAM nirmANa pAmyo hato. (kASTha zilpasthApatyanI paraMparAnAM dyotaka anusaraNo pazcima bhAratanAM zaikIrNa caityagRhomAM jovA maLe che.) - zvedamAM "rUpa" (zilpa-nirmANanA ghaNA ullekho Ave che. bhAratIya zilpa- sthApatyano mukhya praNetA "vizvakarmA" nAme oLakhAya che. bhavana-prAsAdonuM te nirmANa kare che. mATe te "bhavana vizvakarmA" kahevAya che. te ja rUpa-nirmANanuM kAma karanAra "vaSTA" tarIke oLakhAya che. takSaNa kArya (kotarakAma) dvArA vividha rUponuM nirmANa te kare che. Indrane paNa "vaSTA" tarIke oLakhAvyo che. tenA saMbaMdhamAM kahyuM che ke te potAnI mAyA(zakita) vaDe aneka rUponuM nirmANa kare che. "vadhaki" kASTa-zilpI che. "kasmara"--luhArane paNa RgavedamAM ullekha che. - A dhaMdhAkIya zreNIonA ullekha RgvadanA samayamAM vikAsa pAmelI zilpa kalAno khyAla Ape che. kalA ane udyogo mATe te samaye "zilpa" zabda pracAramAM hato. saundaryanI adhiSThAtrI devI "zrI" nAme oLakhAtI. enI sakhI hatI "lakSmI." e baMne maLIne je devInuM svarUpa vikAsa pAmyuM te "zrI-lakSmI." devI zrIlakSmI bhAratIya kalAnA mUrta saundaryanI adhiSThAtrI hatI. A devInI pUjA ane mAnyatA

Page #35
24 bhAratIya prAcIna ziyA vaidika yugathI mAMDI Aja sudhI cAlu rahela che. padmahastA padminI ke gajalakSmI rUpe e Aje dIpAvalInA avasara para pUjAya che. "mUrti"nA ullekhA RgvedamAM avAranavAra thayA che. dA.ta. A mArA indrane daza gAyAthI koNa kharIdaze ? (4, 24, 10). A parathI indranI mUrti banatI hovA saMbhAvanA jaNAya che. indra marutA vagerenI mUrti e pUjA mATe nahIM paNa utsaveAmAM viziSTa prayojana mATe banatI haze. mUrti banAvavAnI prakriyA jANItI hovAnuM jaNAya che. dA.ta. 'je virUpa dhana padArthoM che temAMthI suMdara mUrti banAveA' (R. ma. 4, 26, 6, athava'veva 4, 27, 6). suMdara rIte ghaDAyelI mUrtine "saMza" kahevAmAM AvatI, "na saMdaze tiSThati E asya 7 naththupA patizrvanainam', (enuM rUpa koI paNa mUrtinA kSetramAM raheluM nathI, enA AkAra sthULa cakSuthI koI paNa joI na zake). A ane anya AvA ullekho (. ma. 2, 4, 4, vagere) parathI "saMdaza" suMdara rIte ghaDAyelI mUrtinA arthamAM vaparAyela lAge che. A sivAya brAhmaNa ane sUtra graMtheAmAM sthApatyane lagatAM ThIka ThIka varNanA maLe che paNa emAM zilpAne lagatI mAhitI japaNe prApta thAya che. brAhmaNa graMthomAM sUrya pUjAne lagatI yajJayAgAdinI vidhimAM cakra ke suvarNanA TukaDA sUryanA pratIka tarIke pUjAtA hovAnuM jANavA maLe che. zrauta ane gRhasUtromAM pratimA pUjananA spaSTa ullekha che. evA ullekha maLe che ke jarA nAmanI dAnavI magadhanA rAjA jarAsaMghanI ISTadevI hatI. enuM zilpa nagaraceAkamAM pUjanArthe rAkhavAmAM AvatuM. vaidika pratikA vaidika devasRSTimAM anekavidha devadevIonAM varNanA sthAna pAmyAM che, vaidika samAja mUrtipUjaka na hatA paraMtu mUrti pUjAnAM bIja A varNanAmAM jovAmAM Ave che. emanAM surekha varNanAe paurANika samayamAM temanuM mUrtividhAna racavAnI prakriyAne bhAre vega Apyo hAya tema lAge che. deva-devIo uparAMta vaidika dArzanika bhAvA (dA.ta. devAsura--saMgrAma, varAha avatAra dvArA pRthvIne samudramAMthI uddhAra, jyotiliMga= yajJajvAlA), pazu pa`khIo, vividha padArtho (dA.ta. pUrNakuMbha, sapta-- ratna, indrAsana vagere), vRkSavelI, pAnapuSpa, mithuna vagere anekavidha rUpavidhAnA Rgvede bhAratIya zilpa paraMparAne pUrAM pADayAM che. AnAM keTalAMka dRSTAMta joIe : zrIlakSmI ene viSNunI patnI kahI che. viSNu vizvanA adhiSThAtA deva che. to zrIlakSmI saundarya ane samRddhinI lAkavyApaka adhiSThAtrI devI che. RgvedanA puruSasUkatathI

Page #36
3 : vedakAlathI na"dakAla sudhInI zilpakalA Aja sudhI zrIlakSmI zrIma MtAnI devI manAtI rahI che. te samudranI putrI, kamalAsana para ArUDha ke kamalavanamAM viharatI devI che. enuM Alekhana kalAmAM AvA ja koI bhAvane anurUpa thatuM jovAmAM Ave che. kamalasthita e devInA mastake banne bAjuethI babbe hAthI pAtAnI UMce uThAvelI sUMDhamAM dhAraNa karelA ghaDAmAMthI divya jalanA abhiSeka karatA AlekhAya che. A hAthI cAra dizAonA sUcaka che. ane pUrNaghaTamAM bhareluM divya jala amRta ke sAmarasa che. kamalajhuMDathI chavAI gayela sarovara vizvanA saMketa kare che. pakSI ke kamala jIvanatattvanAM sUcaka che. 20 lakSmI ane viSNu vizvanAM mAtA-pitA che. temanAM anya svarUpe che: ghAvA-pRthivi, zivapArvatI, rAdhAkRSNa. e baMne vizvanAM Adi kAraNa hiraNyANDa' che. A aMDanA pUrvArdha ane uttarArdha anaMta strI-puruSonI paraMparita pravRttiomAM pravRttA rahe che. zrIlakSmInuM aMkana bharahuta, sAMcI, amarAvatI, bodhagayA, mathurA, khaMgiri, udayagiri ane pazcima bhAratIya guphAomAM thayuM che. e koI saMpradAya pUratI sImita na rahetAM vyApaka rUpe dareka dharmanI Adarza devI manAya che. bharahutamAM utkIrNa "sirimA"" devI enuM ja rUpa che. mathurAnI amRtakuMbha laIne UbhelI "padminI" paNa zrI lakSmI ja che (AkRti 30). rakSa e brahmanuM bIjuM nAma che. atharvavedamAM kahyuM cheke bhuvanA (traNelAka ke cauda-lAka)mAM vyApta, sRSTinuM AdikAraNa, vizvanA adhidevatA yakSa che mat yakSa muvanastha madhye (20-7-rU6). te mahAvRkSa samAna che jenI zAkhA prazAkhAo pa? aneka devAnA vAsa che. Aryo bhAratamAM AvyA tyArathI yakSapUjA laukika dharmanuM eka vyApaka aMga hatuM,. je Aja sudhI pracalita rahela che. jaina bauddha ane brAhmaNa dareka dharme tene samAnarUpe svIkArela che. vaidika sAhityamAM indra, mitra, varuNa, arthamA vagerenI yoA sAthe tulanA karI che. kAlAntaramAM buddha ane mahAvIrane paNa yakSa svarUpa ApavAmAM Avyu che. prAcIna samayanAM grAma detA tarIke tenI sthApanA dareka gAmanA cArA para thatI.. tene vArSika utsava manAto. tene "kSamaha" kahetA. yakSane ja madhyayugamAM "vIra"" nAmAbhidhAna malyuM. jaina-bauddha sAhityamAM keTalAMye "yakSacetiya" (maMdiro) ke yakSAyA-taneAnAM varNana che. vaidika kAlamAM te "yakSasadana" tarIke oLakhAtAM.

Page #37
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA svastika cAre dizAomAM vyApta, vizvamaMDaLanI caturbhujAnA pratIka rUpa A saMjJA sUrya sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. e cAra bhujAnI madhyamAM sUrya che. mAnava ane vizvanuM A sarvottama mAMgalika cihna che. A cAra bhujAomAM darekane jamaNI bAjue vaLAMka ApavAthI enuM suMdara rUpa nirmANa pAme che. e jIvana-kalyANanuM pratIka che. Tveda pramANe cAra dizAnA cAra adhipati agni, indra, varuNa ane soma - hatA. paraMtu lokadharmamAM A kalpanA badalAI ane cAra dizAnA cAra lokapAlonI pUjA AkAra pAmI. ane te "caturmahArAjika" deva tarIke oLakhavA lAgyA. bauddha stUpanI cAra dizAnAM toraNo para je mUrtio mUkAI te cAra dizAnA A cAra lokapAla hatA : gaMdharvonA adhipati dhRtarASTra, kubbADonA adhipati viruDhaka, yakSonA vaizravaNa ane nAgonA virUpAkSa. dhRtarASTra pUrvanA, viruDhaka dakSiNanA, virUpAkSa pazcimanA ane vaizravaNa uttAranA lokapAla banyA. svastikane catuSpAda brahma ane caturmukha brahmAnA pratIka tarIke paNa svIkAravAmAM Avela che. pAchalA samayamAM A pratIkano vistAra thatAM te cAra veda, cAra loka, cAra deva, cAra dizAo, cAra varNa, ane cAra AzramanuM pratIka gaNAvA lAgyo. pUrNa bha phalapattAM vaDe suzobhita pUrNaghaTa sukhasaMpatti ane jIvananI pUrNatAno pratIka che. ghaDAmAM bhareluM jala jIvana ke prANarasa che. enA mukha para AcchAdita phalapattAM jIvananA nAnAvidha AnaMda ane upabhega che. mAnava pote ja pUrNaghaTa che. e ja rIte virATa vizva pUrNakuMbha che. TvedamAM jene pUrNa athavA bhadra kalaza kahela che te somarasathI bharela pAtra che. atharvavedamAM A kalaza vRta (ghI) ane amRtathI bharelo hovAnuM varNavyuM che. ghaTane maMgala kalaza kahela che. atharvavedamAM pUrNakuMbha-nArIne paNa ullekha che. koI paNa saubhAgyavatI strI mAMgalika ghaTa laIne jatI darzAvavI e zobhAyAtrA gaNAya. AthI strIne vedamAM "udakakubhinI" tarIke oLakhAvI che. Aje paNa A mAMgalika cihana ja gaNAya che. "lalitavistAramAM mAyAdevInI udyAnayAtrAnA prasaMgomAM eka pUrNakuMbha kanyAne ullekha che. AvI kanyAnI gaNatarI aSTa maMgala kanyAomAM thatI. -rAjAonI yAtrAnuM te eka mahattvanuM aMga lekhAtuM rAmAyaNamAM rAvaNanI sAthe cAra maMgala kanyAo cAlatI hovAnuM varNana che, rAjAnA abhiSeka mATe AvI ATha kanyAo rakhAtI. sugrIvanA rAjyAbhiSeka samaye soLa kanyAone AmaMtraNa apAyuM hatuM.

Page #38
3H vedakAlathI naMdakAla sudhInI zilAkalA ra9 AmAM eka udakakuMbha ke pUrNakuMbha avazya hatI. yudhiSThira prAta:kALe haMmezAM kalyANamayI aSTa kanyAonAM darzana karatA. mathurAnI zilpakalAmAM pUrNakuMbhanA aMkananuM bAhulya che. bhAratIya kalAmAM pUrNakuMbhanuM citraNa bharahuta, sAMcI, amarAvatI, mathurA, kapizA, nAgArjunIkoMDA, sAranAtha vagere sthaLoe thayuM che. bhArata bahAra bero. buduranA stUpa para paNa pUrNakuMbhanuM aMkana thayuM che. laukika dhArmika pUjAmAM pUrNaghaTa brahmA, viSNu ane zivanA pratIka tarIke sarvathI prathama pUjAya che. tathA tenI prathama sthApanA thAya che (dA. ta. satyanArAyaNanI kathA). caka A sUrya athavA kAlanuM pratIka che. tethI Ane vizvanuM bhavacakra ke saMsAracakra paNa kahe che. jIvanacakra, brahmacakra vagere gati sUcaka che. cakramAM niyamita gatino bhAva che. cakranA be bhAga hoya che. eka ubhAga eTale ke cakrano upalo ardhabhAga ane bIjo ni:bhAga-nIcalo ardhabhAga che. cakranA sahastra ArA che, jeno artha anaMta che. vizvane niyamita karanAra te sAthe tene saMbaMdha che. vaLI 72 divasanI eka Rtu mAnI cakrane "paMcAra" athavA 60 divasa mAnI "Dara" nAmAbhidhAna paNa Apela che. rathanI gatino AdhAra cakra (paiDAM) para che. tethI bhavacakrane "devaratha" kahevAmAM Ave che. sAranAthane azoka staMbha mULamAM cakra-staMbha hato. tenA zIrSabhAga para eka mahAcakra hatuM. bauddha dharma pramANe te dharmacakranI saMjJA hatuM. mathurAnI jaina kalAmAM tevuM ja cakra che. vedamAM cakranuM nAma "vRttaracakra" apAyuM che. kAlAntare vaiSNavoe tene "sudarzana" nAmAbhidhAna ApyuM. kAla pote ja sudarzana che. kAraNa ke tenuM darzana niraMtara manuSyane thatuM ja rahe che. yupa ke yajJa staMbha vizva yajJa rUpa che. ene dhAraNa karanAra cUpa che. "divyAvadAna" yUpane dharmanuM cihna mAne che (kavela, "divyAvadAna', pR. 59). mUpanAM darzana karanAra cakravatI samrATane potAnA dharmayukta kartavya-pAlananuM smaraNa thatuM. e parameSThI prajApatinI. Urdhva ane prajAviSNu zakitanuM pratIka hatA. vaidika yajJastaMbha, bauddha zilA-staMbha, jainona indradhvaja, yU5 vagere Ane ja saMketa karatA. sata ratna vedamAM ene ullekha che. tyAM jaNAvyuM che ke agni dareka gharamAM saptaratno nipajAve che. anuvedakALathI sasarano saMbaMdha cakravatI samrATa sAthe joDAyo. bauddha sAhityamAM A sAta ratnone cakra, hasti, azva, maNi, strI, gRhapati (koSThI)

Page #39
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA ane pariyANaka (maMtrI) tarIke oLakhAvyAM che. paurANika paripATI pramANe emAM thoDo phera che. gRhapati ane pariyANakanA sthAne te nidhi ane rathane mUke che (masya-purANa 242, 62). sUrya ane candra - A baMne evAM pratIka che ke je vaidika kAlathI Aja dina sudhI lokamAnya rahyAM che. hima ane dhrusa eTale ke ThaMDI ane garamI e baMnenAM rUpa caMdra ane sUrya che. atharvavedamAM baMnene agninAM be rUpa kahyAM che taavAvano sAdhatta himAM daM ra sahita. (-2-46). (arthAt eka ja rohita deva sUrye ThaMDI ane garamI e baMne agnine dhAraNa karyAM.). zimAM sUrya ane caMdranuM aMkana sAsAnI (IrAnI) asara nIce vikAsa pAmela bhAratIya kalAmAM jovAmAM Ave che. sUryanA anucaro "daMDa" ane "piMgalanA mastaka paranI kulu TopI para caMdranuM pratIka aMkita thAya che. sUrya ucca vijJAna -ane buddhinuM pratIka che te caMdra indriyonI icchAnusAra vartanAra mana ke prajJAnuM pratIka che. kaha5vRkSa ane UrmivelA mAnava mana aneka abhilASAonuM janma sthAna che. e kayAreka dhana-dhAnyane jhaMkhe che. kayAreka suvarNanI aparimita rAzine, kayAreka pRthvI paranA Adhipatyane, ke indra jevA ezvaryane, kayAreka atyaMta suMdara ane kamanIya strIne to kyAreka amita vidyA ane jJAnanA bhaMDArane; Ama mAnavInI lipsA-eSaNA apAra che. bhAratIya AkhyAyikAomAM mAnavanI A saghaLI manokAmanA pUrNa kare tevA coka vRkSanI kalpanA che, ane te che kalpavRkSa. enI janma bhUmi upara kuruno pradeza hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. rAmAyaNamAM sugrIva hanumAnane sItAnI zodha e pradezamAM karavAnuM sUcavatAM te pradezanI naisargika samRddhinuM je varNana kare che te kalpavRkSanI manokAmanA pUrNa karavAnI zakitanuM dyotaka che. agninI javALAsama prajavalita puSpa tathA madhura rasALa phaLo tyAM sadaiva laherAya che. divya sugaMdhita e kalpavRkSo anekavidha vastrAbhUSaNa, mukatAvairyAdi kImatI ratno, madhu paya ane khAdya padArtho hareka tumAM prakaTAve che. rUpayauvana guNasaMpanna aMganAo paNa temAMthI phaLaphUlanI jema prakaTe che (mA. zi. ma rU . jarU-46). mahAbhAratamAM " ja vRkSA:"thI suzobhita uttara kurunA pradezano ullekha che (mImaparva . 7, mo. 2-12). "vAyupurANanA bhuvanakozamAM aneka prakAranAM vAdya, zayanAsana, ratna, pANIne utpanna

Page #40
3vedakAlathI naMdakAla sudhInA zihAkalA 31 karanArAM hajAro kalpavRkSanAM varNana che. mahAvANija jAtaka (naM. 493)mAM jaNAvyA pramANe vepArIonuM eka vRMda dravyabhaMDAranI zodhamAM nIkaLyuM. temaNe eka moTuM nyagrodha vRkSa joyuM. vRkSanI pUrva taraphanI DALImAMthI svaccha zItaLa jaLa, tathA sarva prakAranAM payapadArtho TapakatA hatA. dakSiNa taraphanI zAkhAomAMthI temane manavAMchita phaLa maLI gayAM. pazcima taraphano DALIomAMthI suMdara aMganAo, anekavidha ratno, sUkSma vastro ne AbhUSaNo tathA uttara taraphanI DALIomAMthI sonA, rUpA ane ratnano pravAha vaheto hate. jAtaka varNita A vRkSa kalpavRkSa hatuM. bhAratIya zilpamAM kalpavRkSanAM Alekhane cheka bharahuta ane sAMcIno stUpathI zarU thaI gayAM hatAM. kalpavRkSane zilpamAM kalpatarU, devata, kalpavallI, kalpalatA, kAmalatA ke UrmivelA nAme oLakhAvela che. bhArahutanI vedikA paranI kamaladalAnvita kalpalatA saLaMga vaLAMkamAM Alekhana pAme che. tenI dareka kamalakalImAM prAkAravapra tarIke oLakhAtAM karNakuMDala. mukatAmALAo, zaMkhavalayonI vividha bhaMgIo pragaTa karatA bAjubaMdha ane nUpuro tathA gomUtrikAnA ghATanAM suzobhana vaDe alaMkRta kinArI ane pAlavavALI sADI dhAraNa karatI devAMganAonAM zilpo che. sAMcInA sUpanA dakSiNa dizAnA toraNanA pazcima bAjunA staMbha para uttara kuru pradezanAM dazyo kotarelAM che. temAM kalpavRkSa nIce beThelAM mithunayugala vAdya ane saMgItane AsvAda laI rahyAM che. e vRkSomAMthI vastrAbhUSaNo prakaTa thAya che. bhAjAnA caityagRhanA mukhabhAganI dIvAlanI eka bAju cakravatI mAMdhAtA uttara kurunA pradezamAM vihAra karatA darzAvyA che. emAM uttara karunA udyAnanAM aneka dRzyo che. guptakAlIna zilpomAM kalpavRkSa ane UrmivelAnAM alaMkaraNo khUba vistAra pAmyAM che. gaDhavAlanA eka maMdiranA staMbha para kAmalatAnuM Alekhana noMdhapAtra che. latAnAM navapallavita aMkuro sAthe DALIe DALIe yauvanasaMpanna nagna kumArikAonAM avanavI bhAvabhegI prakaTAvatAM Alekhano atyaMta AkarSaka che. zilpamAM kapalatA yA ke grAsanA mukhamAMthI latA svarUpe prakaTa thatI ghaNIvAra darzAvavAmAM Ave che. to keTalIka vAra vanaspatijanya prAkRtika rUpamAM AvirbhAva pAmI anekavidha bhAtamAM pariName che ane te badhAM mAnava mananI anaMta bhAvabhaMgIone prakaTAve che. sumeru vizvanA dhruva-kendranuM e pratIka che. e suvarNa parvata che ne suvarNaprANane saMketa kare che. merunA cAra dizAmAM cAra parvata ane cAra mahAdvIpa hovAnuM manAya che. cAra dizAe vahetI cAra mahAnadIo merumAMthI niSpanna thAya che. emanuM mukhya

Page #41
32 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA srota cAra sarovara che. cAra mahApaNu, cAra mahAleAkapAla ityAdinA meru sAthe saMbaMdha che. vaLI meru sarva devAnu' nivAsasthAna che. himAlaya merunA mitra manAya che. kamala bhAratIya kalA, dharma ane darzInamAM kamaLa e sauthI mahattvanuM pratIka che. agAdha jala para taratA prANanuM e pratIka che. A puSpa sUryodayanA samaye potAnI pAMkhaDIo vikasAve che. sUryane brahmanuM svarUpa mAnavAmAM Ave che. AthI kamala prANanuM evuM rUpa che, je samaSTigata prANIonA prANa yA jIvanane AhvAna kare che. viSNunI nAbhimAMthI te prakaTa thavAthI tenAmAM prANasaMvardhaka zakita che. viSNunI nAbhimAMthI prakaTela kamaLa para brahmAnA vikAsa thayA ane temaNe sRSTinuM sarjana karyuM.... Ama kamala sarjana sAthe saMvardhananu pratIka bane che. kamalanA pAna ke velane sRSTinI yAni kahI che. enAmAM garbhAdhAnanI zakita rahelI che. bhAgavatAe saMsArane bhU-padmakoSa kahyo che, ne sRSTinA janma padmamAMthI thayo hAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che. temAM be prakAranI sRSTi mAnI che : 1) padmajA ane 2) aNNajA. padmajA sRSTinuM nirmANa kSIrazAyI viSNunI nAbhimAMthI thAya che. aNujA hiraNyagarbha vaDe janme che. Ama vaidika mAnyatAmAM je sthAna hiraNyagarbhanuM hatuM te sthAna bhAgavatadarzanamAM padmane maLyu che. veda pramANe pRthvI para agni ane ghulAkamAM Aditya (sUrya) e be meTAM padma che. hiraNyagarbhanI sRSTi agni para ane padmanI sRSTi jala para nirbhIra che. pUrNa ghaTakamAM aNujA ane padmajA arthAt kamala ane jala e baMne kalpanAonA samanvaya che. bhAratIya kalAmAM kamalanu` anekavidha Alekhana che. emAM aneka prakAra--nAmeA pracalita che : utpala, puNDarIka, zatapatra, sahasrapatra, puSkara, padmaka vagere. samudra zilpamAM samudranuM Alekhana sRSTinA prAraMbha jalamAMthI thayo hovAnA sa`keta kare che. samudranI maMthana-zakitamAMthI vizvanA janma thayA e bhAva e vyakata kare che. dA.ta. udayagiri(madhyapradeza)nA mahAvarAhanA dRzyamAM samudranu` aMkana A hetuyI thayuM che. samudramaMthananuM dRzya tathA anaMtanAga para poDhelA kSIrasAgarazAyI viSNu vageremAM paNa A ja saMketa che. devagaDhanA dazAvatAra ma MdiranI dIvAla para AnuM suMdara Alekhana che. nAma A paNa lokadharma ne ja devatA che. zilpAmAM tenuM AyeAjana mahad aMze nara-vyAla vigrahamAM thayuM che. A vicAradhArA vaidika ahi-vRMtra (vRtra nAmaneA nAga

Page #42
2 : 3 : vedakAlathI naMdakAla sudhInI zilpakalA ane indra vaccenA vigrahamAMthI niSpanna thaI che. mahAsamudramAMthI utpanna thayela nAga-anaMta zeSanAgane viSaNunA vAhana tarIke kalpavAmAM Avyo che. nAga pAtAlalokanA adhipati hato. e devatA rUpamAM svIkArAyo. vaidika kathAomAM nAgane mRtyu tama (aMdhakAra) ane anata (asatya)nA pratIka tarIke ullekhyo che. buddha, mahAvIra ane devenI koTinA jIvanamAM nAganuM sthAna che. indra jema vRtra nAmanA ahi (nAga)nuM damana karyuM hatuM tema buddha apalAla, mahAvIre caNDa ane kRSNa kAliyA nAgane vaza karyA hatA. ardhanArIzvara naranArInA saMyukata dehanI kalpanAmAMthI A rUpa AkAra pAmyuM che. vizvane janma ApanAra suvarNa aMDanAM be aDadhiyAM strI ane puruSa che. vaidika sAhityamAM emane "ghAvA-pRthivI' kahyAM che, je virATa suSTinAM Adya mAtA-pitA che (thI: pitA pRthivI mAtA). emane ja pArvatIparamezvara ke umAmahezvara kahyAM che. (gamata: fSata vanDe pArvatIparamezvarI), vedomAM A taMdrane strIpuruSa athavA kumAra-kumArI kahyAM che (vaM strI vaM pumAnasi a kumAra vatavA mArI. atharva. 108. 27) vRMda to eTale sudhI kahe che ke pratyeka strI ardhabhAgamAM puruSa ane pratyeka puruSa ardhabhAgamAM strI che. strI : satata 3 me | gADuM: 7, 164, 16). ardhanArIzvaranuM rUpa A prayojanane spaSTa karavA AkAra pAmyuM che. kuvANa, gupta ane madhyakAlIna kalAmAM te A svarUpe AkAra pAmyuM, paraMtu sAhityamAM to tenuM Ayojana che. pUrve thaI cUkyuM hatuM. kumAra ene devasenAnA pati, agni ane gaMgAno putra kahyo che. te virATaprANa ke jIvana-tatvanuM pratIka che. enI saMjJA skanda che. kumArane "mAtura" eTale ke cha mAtAno putra kahyo che. enA kalA-vidyAnamAM ene cha mastaka dekhADavAmAM Ave che. enuM vAhana kUkaDo tathA mayUra che ane Ayudha zakita (bhAlo) che. skanda ane tArakAsura vaccenA yuddhanI paurANika AkhyAyikAnuM AdhyAtmika mUlya A pramANe che. tyAM kumAra vijJAnAtmaka divyatejanuM pratIka ane tArakAsura IndriyAnugAmI mananuM sUcaka svarUpa che. banne vaccenA saMgharSamAM vijJAnanI ja jIta thAya che. tArakano artha tArA athavA caMdramA paNa thAya che, jenI utpatti nArAyaNa-puruSanA manA nAta: (R. 10, 90, 13) manAya che. puruSanI racanAmAM traNa kumAra rahelA bhA. prA. zi. 3

Page #43
bhAratIya prAcIna zilA che. kAlidAse A rahasya prastuTa karatAM traNe rUpanAM varNana karyA che. eka virATa kumAra, je skaMda che ane te "kumAra saMbhava"mAM divyajanma dhAraNa kare che. bIjo kumAra prANamaya kumAra che, jeno janma pururavA ane urvazInA putra rUpe "vikramovarzIyamAM thato varNavyo che. ane trIjo kumAra paMcabhautika kumAra che, jenI saMjJA bharata che je zakuntalA ane duSyanA putra rUpe avatare che. gaNapati A devano ullekha vedamAM che. te baha, sema ane mahAprANa indranuM pratIka che. sema suSTinA virATa svarUpanA nirmAtA che. ane te prANImAtramAM nihita che. somanI eka saMjJA madhu che. enuM vaidika pratIka apUpa che, je kAlAMtare gaNapatino modaka banI gayuM. gaNapatinuM vAhana uMdara indriyAnugAmI manane sUcaka che. aMbikA A Tveda-varNita yakSamAtAnuM rUpa che. mULabhUta mAtRzakitane aditi rUpe - varNavI che. pazkeivI aMtarikSa ane ghI mAtA, pitA, putra, bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna vizvadevo ane paMcajano e sarva aditinAM rUpa che. (R. 1, 89, 10). AthI -eka, tri, sapta, dasa ane seLa mAtRkAo aditi che. ziva zakitao rUpe saptamAkAnuM aMkana kuSANa mUrti zilpa dvArA prApta thAya che. vivikrama vizvane bharI detA viSNunAM traNa pagalAMnI vaidika AkhyAyikA purANamAM vAmana ane viSNukathA svarUpe pallavita thaI. trivikrama viSNunAM traNa pagalAM trividha gatinAM sUcaka che. bhUta, bhaviSya ane vartamAna tathA pRthivI, aMtarikSa, ghI e trivikrama viSaNunAM traNa caraNa che, je traNa khaMDonuM vimAna-mApana kare che. janma, vRddhi ane hAsa (mRtyu) e prANI mAtranA jIvananuM bIja che. Aja rIte sAmagAnanA gAyatrI triSTrabha ane mtI e traNa chaMda athavA traNa suparNa (paMkho phelAvI) divya amRtaghaTane pRthvI para lAve che, tenA taraMgo AkAzathI mAMDI pRthvIne bharI de che. jIvananI koI paNa kSaNa evI nathI jemAM trisauparNanuM sAmagAna guMjatuM na hoya! vizva-racanAmAM gati Avazyaka che. tenuM prakaTa svarUpa kAlanI gati che ane bhUta, bhaviSya tathA vartamAna e traNa khaMDamAM vibhakata jIvana tathA saMsAra cakramAM te vyApta che. viSNunA A traNa padavinyAsamAMthI koI bacI zakatuM nathI.

Page #44
: vedakAlathI naMdakAla sudhInI zilpakalA devAsura saMgrAma deva ane asuro vaccenAM yuddhonAM varNane vaidika sAhitya tathA purANomAM aneka rUpe nirUpita thayela che. e amRta (amartya) ane mRtyu, ti ane tamasa, satya ane anaMta (asatya) vaccenA vizva vyApI anaMta saMgharSanuM pratIka che. AvA dRzyamAM deva prANa, jyoti ane satyano saMketa kare che. asura mRtyu, tamasa, amRta vagerene saMketa kare che. AmAM deva-prANano asura-bhUta para vijaya pratyakSa thAya che. deva amara che. asura mRtyune AdhIna che. vaLI deva ane asura baMne mananI zakitao che. eka UrdhvagAmI ane jyotirmaya, bIjI adha:patana ANanArI tamaya che. Rgvadano indrano vRtra sAtheno saMgharSa, buddhanuM mAra-varNana, zivanA madana-dahana, aMdhakavadha, tArakayuddha, viSNuno madhukaiTabhavadha, devInuM mahiSAsuramardana vagere A saMgharSanAM ghAtaka udAharaNa che. mathurA kalAnuM garuDa-nAga yuddha paNa Ano ja saMketa kare che. buddha buddhanA mAnuSI rUpa gautama buddha vize bauddha sAhitya game tevAM varNana karyA hoya paNa buddhanA lokottara rUpane AdhAra vaidika pratIka che. lalita vistAramAM buddhanI jIvanalIlAnA varNanano vistAra e dharmanA lokottaravAdI AcAryoe vaidika pratIkonA AdhAre karyo che. dA.ta. tuSita svargano zveta hAthI, mAtRkukSi dvArA janma, saptapada, zItaSNa jaladhArA dvArA prathama abhiSeka, bodhivRkSa, bedhimaDa, mAragharSaNa, indrazailaguphA, vAnaro dvArA madhanA pyAlAno upahAra, lokapAlo dvArA prApta cAra bhikSApAtronuM eka bhikSA pAtramAM parivartana, agni javAlAo ane jaladhArAonuM dehadvArA prakaTIkaraNa karAvI sahastrabuddharUpa darzana-A tamAma mAnuSI buddhanA jIvana prasaMgo nathI, paraMtu buddhanA pratIkAtmaka jIvananI lIlAo che. e tamAmanA UMDANamAM vaidika paraMparA ane rahasyo rahelAM che. vaidika paraMparA pramANe buddha sUryanuM pratIka che. mAtRkukSi dvArA janma jIvana athavA prANano ajJAta srota hovAnuM sUcave che. zveta hAthI virATa saMcita ke cetanAno saMketa che. zItaSNa jalana abhiSeka vizvavyApI agnisomAtmaka ddhane bhAva prakaTa kare che. vAnara indrano sahayogI vRSTA che. buddhano agni ane jalano camatkAra spaSTata: AdhyAtmika pratIka che. eja vaidika agni ane tema che. pratyeka vyakitanuM zarIra agni ane jalathI saMcita che. sahastra buddha anaMtanuM pratIka che. vaidika paraMparAnA upalakSamAM kadAca lalitavistAramAM kahyuM che ke buddha dharmacakrapravartana karyuM te pUrve aneka

Page #45
36 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA tathAgata, ahaMta, samyaphabuddha karI cUkayA che. dharmacakra e zAzvata brahmacakranA saMketa rU5 che. 2) mahAjanapadakAlanI zilpakalA (I. sa. pUrve 600thI I.sa. pUrve 400) A kAlamAM bhAratanA uttara ane uttara-pazcimanA pradezamAM moTe bhAge vividha janapadonI sattA hatI. brAhmaNa, zrautasUtra, pAlitripiTaka, jaina Agama ane pANini -kRta aSTAdhyAyI vagere sAhityamAM A janapadanAM surekha varNana maLe che. pAli sAhityamAM 16 mahAjanapadonI vAta Ave che. A janapadone vistAra madhyaeziyAnA kaMbejathI mAMDI dakSiNa bhAratanA godAvarI nadIne kAMThe Avela azmaka sudhI phelAyelo hato. jaina sAhityamAM to vaLI A tathA bIjuM keTalAka maLIne 24 janapadono ullekha che. to purANonA bhuvanakoSamAM uttaramAM kaMboja, pUrvamAM aMga, vaMga, kaliMga, pazcimamAM sauvIra ane dakSiNamAM aparAnta ane mAhika (mAhiSmatI) sudhInA pradezamAM AvelAM lagabhaga 175 janapadonA ullekha thayA che. vaidikakALamAM "caraNa" nAmanI jANItI thayela vidyApravRttino prAraMbha thayo hato. teno vikAsa janapadakAlamAM thayo. pariNAme vyAkaraNa, nirukata, zikSA, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, nATayazAstra, vAstu vagere zAstrone vikAsa thayo. A kAlathI vAstu, aMtagaMta zilpakalA para khAsa dhyAna apAvA mAMDayuM ane enI aneka svarUpe unnati sadhAI. e vakhate zilpa-pravRti "jAnapadIvRtti" (pANini aSTAdhyAyI, 4, 1, 42) nAme oLakhAtI. "zatarudriIya"nA adhyAya 16 parathI jANavA maLe che ke tyAre zilpIonI seMkaDo zreNIo astitvamAM AvI cUkI hatI. A kAlamAM gaMdharvaveda (saMgIta) Ayurveda, dhanurveda (yuddhavidyA), ane vAstuveda (zilpakalA) e cAra upaveda gaNAtA ne emane viziSTa abhyAsa thato hato. zrI sUtro ane bauddha jAtakomAM paNa uparokata zilpIonI zreNIonAM varNana maLe che. pAli digdanikAyamAM zilpIonI 25 zreNInI sUci ApI che. emAM vAstu ane zilpa sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI zreNImAM mukhyatve kuMbhakAra, rathika, valthavijjA (vAstuvidyA), khetavijjA (kSetramApana), valthakam (vAstukarmI ane vadhu parikamma (vAstuparikarma)ne gaNAvyAM che. cakravatI mahAsudassana (mahAsudarzana)nA rAjaprasAdanuM varNana karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke e prAsAda traNa porasA (1 puruSa jeTalI eTale ke 6 phUTa) UMcAIno hato. enA bAhya prAkAra(koTa)nI paNa vigato ApI che. emAM cAra prakAranI IMTo vAparelI hatI. enA staMbhanI saMkhyA 84,000 (?) (balka 84) hatI. caMdragupta mauryanA pATaliputranA sabhAbhavanane 84 staMbha hatA

Page #46
3 : vedakAlathI naMdakAla sudhInI zilpakalA te paikI 82nA avazeSa maLyA che. e prAsAda lAkaDAnA hatA. emAM seApAna, sUcio, uSNISa, kUTAgAra (kAThA), sonAcAMdInA zayanakakSa, hAthI dAMta ane sphaTikanu jaDatarakAma, prAsAdanI cAre bAju bevaDI vedikA, kiMkaNI jAla, kamala ane phUlAnI kotaraNIvALI puSkariNI vagereno racanA hatI. 30 mahAumagna jAtakamAM gaMgAnA kinArA para nirmANa karela nagara tenI 1pAsanA prAkAra, puradvAra tathA nagaranA rAjaprAsAdanI racanAnA ullekha che. prAsAdamAM ekasA khaMDa hatA. emAMnA dareka khaMDanA palaMga pAse mATImAM DhALelI eka eka svarUpavAna strI-mUrti ke pUtaLIo rAkhelI hatI. pUtaLInA hAthamAM dhUpa-dIpAdinuM pAtra rakhAtuM hovAnuM emAM jaNAvyuM che. pAli sAhityamAM prAsAda, nagara ane puradvArAnAM suMdara vana che. prAsAda mATe tyAM pAsAda, nivAsa, rAjabhavana, rAjageha, rAjAnivezana, vAsaghara, attepura, vimAna vagere zabdo prayojAyA che. A prAsAdA aneka bhUmika racAtA. enA aMgavibhAge mAM baddAra, koSTaka ke aliMda, AsthAnamaMDapa (sabhAma`Dapa), staMbha, tulA (bhAratulA), sa MghATa (miAghATanAM zilpA), bhittipAda (bhITa), kUTa (skUpikAyukata chata), mahAtala (ground floor), uparitala (first floor), AkAzatala (sauthI uparanA malA), heTTimatala (sauthI nIcenA majaleA), siMha pi Mjara (jALI) vagerenA samAveza thatA. jainonuM a mAgadhImAM racAyela Agama sAhitya bauddhonA pAli sAhityanuM samakAlIna che. tethI temAM varNita zilpasthApatyanI sAmagrI pUraka nIvaDI zake tema che. AgamAmAM lAkaDAnI bAMdhakAma paddhatine "kaThakamma'" (kASThaka) nAme oLakhAvI che. emAM mahattvanA eka ullekha eka manuSyanI kASThapratimAne lagatA che. e pratimAnuM ene putra pUjana karatA hoya che. e ja rIte mATImAMthI DhALelI tathA hAthIdAMtanI banelI mUrti viSe paNa temAM ullekha che. rAyapasenIyasu (rAjaprIyasUtra) mAM sUryAbhadevanA prAsAdanuM vizada varNana ApyuM che. e prAsAdanI ceAtarapha prAkAra(pAgAra) hatA. e kapizI ka(kavisIsaga) kAMgarIthI maMDita hatA. enI ceAtarapha rUpikA(bhUbhiyA)vibhUSita drArAnI racanA hatI. prAsAda ihAmRga, vRSabha, turaMga, yakSa, nara (kIcaka), magara, vihaga(pakSI), vyAla(kinnara), hiraNa, zarabha, gAya, kuMjara, vanalatA, pakSIlatA vagerethI suzeAbhita hatA. enA staMbhAnAM zI komAM vidyAdharayugala, hayasa ghATa, gajasa ghATa vagare alaMkaraNA hatAM. enA drAranA aMgavibhAgAmAM paiThANa (pratiSThAna, dvArastaMbhanA nIcenA bhAga), kuTTima(bhAMya), elumA (udumbara), indrakIla, uttaraMga

Page #47
38 bhAratIya prAcIna zipakalA (otaraMga), dvArazAkhA, pArzvataMbha, sUci, saMdhi, agnalA(AgaLo) vagareno ullekha karelo che. dvAranA caNiyArAne uttarapAsaga tarIke oLakhAvyo che. dvAranA cokaThA para lali- bhAvane prakaTa karatI zAlabhaMjikA (zAlabhaMjiya)nI mUrtio tathA vividha prakAranAM vyAla-zilpa hatAM. jaina sAhityamAM nATayazALA ke prekSabRha, zItagRha, ane zayanakakSonAM varNanamAM paNa AvAM zilponA ullekha maLe che. Ama janapadakAlamAM prAsAda ane nagaravAstune pUro vikAsa thayo hato, paraMtu e bahudhA kASTha-nirmita hovAnA kAraNe avazeSarUpe upalabdha banyA nathI. jainasAhityavarNita aneka prakAranI mUrtio ane alaMkaraNe tyAra pachInA bharahuta ane sAMcI vagere stUponI vedikAo para aMkita thayelAM hovAthI A kAlamAM paNa temanA astitva vize sahaja anumAna thaI zake che. 3) zizunAgakAla ane naMdakAlanI zilpakalA (I. sa. pUrve 4CthI I. sa. pUrve 325) A kAlamAM mAtRdevInI pUjAnA pratIkarUpe prayojAtuM zrI-(zrIyaMtra) noMdhapAtra che, takSazilAthI mAMDIne pATaliputra sudhInA pradezamAMthI AvAM zrIcakra maLI AvyAM che. A zrIcakra bhUkharA ke sapheda raMganA pASANamAMthI ghaDelI vRttAkAra tathA capaTA ghATanI takatIo rUpe maLe che. enI vacce ghaNuM karIne pahoLuM kANuM hoya che. e kANA ane kinArInI vacce mAtRdevInI mUrtio kotarelI hoya che. ane tenI cotarapha phalapattIo, vRkSanI DALIo ke prANIonAM rekhAMkano upasAvelAM hoya che. mathurAmAM prApta thayelI AvI takatIo paikInI keTalIka kalakattAnA nezanala myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. emAMnI ekamAM samapAdAvasthAmAM Ubhela dvibhuja mAtRdevInI baMne bAjue tAlavRkSa, prANI, vyAla, pakSI vagerenAM rekhAMkano che (AkRti 9). bIjI eka takatInA madhyamAM aMkita karelA aSTadala kamalanI cAre dizAe latA ane puSponA prastAra che. enA aMtima prAMtabhAgamAM dareka dizAe eka eka ema ATha strI mUrtio che, je aSTamAtRkAnA saMketa karatI lAge che. emanA hAtha vividha mudrAmAM che. devIonI vacce mucakuMda puSpa aMkita kareluM che. trIjI takatInI madhyamAM kANAnI copAsanA vartuLamAM prakullita padmakoSa che. prathamanI takatInI jema bahAranA vartuLamAM cAra pazuo-siMha, haraNa, vRSabha, sAbara cAra dizAmAM aMkita karelAM che. pazuonI vacce vacce eka strI-mUrti che. emAMnI

Page #48
3 : vedakAlathI naMdakAla sudhInI zilpalA eka strInA hAthamAM dhanuSyabANa, bIjInA hAthamAM kaTAra (ene eka hAtha kaTaya-- valaMbita sthitimAM che.), tathA trIjInA hAthamAM trizUla ane vaja che. cothI takatInA kedramAMthI cAra bAjue trizAkha latA udbhava pAme che. emano samagra ghATa bhAratIya prAcIna TaMkaAhata sikakAo para najare paDatA vaDara cihana jevo lAge che. kauzAmbIkosama, uttarapradeza)mAMthI prApta thayela AvI keTalIka takatIe. alAhAbAda tathA dilhInAM myujhiyamomAM surakSita che. emAMnI ekanA-madhya kANAne goLa pharatI be paTTikA che ane e dareka para chuTAM chuTAM phala aMkita karelAM che. dilhI myujhiyamamAM rAkhelI takatI ghATamAM laMbagoLa che. te para hAthI, haraNa vagere pazuo tathA pakSIo kotarelAM che. rAjaghATamAMthI maLelI AvI takatIo paikInI keTalIka bhArata kalA bhavanamAM surakSita che. emAMnI ekanA AMtaravartelamAM traNa mAtRmUrtio ane dareka vacce. eka eka liMga kotarela che. mAtRmUrtionI bane bAjuthI sarpanuM Alekhana che. bAhya vartula cokaDA bhAtathI aMkita karela che. AvI bIjI eka takatImAM cokaDA. bhAtanuM bevaDuM aMkana che. vaLI eka trIjI takatImAM A ja prakAranI mAtRdevInA zarIranuM mastaka tathA UrdhvabhAga aMkita karela che. emAM tAlavRkSa(tAlaketu)nuM rekhAMkana. che. ahIMnI eka takatInA AMtavartuLamAM mAtRdevInI be mUrtio che. bahAranA maMDalAkAramAM zayanamudrAmAM be puruSa che ne temanI vacce magaranuM Alekhana che. eka takatImAM cAra mAdevIo ane cAra tAlavRkSonuM ekAMtare rekhAMkana che. tAlavRkSa strInI garbhadhAraNa zakitanuM pratIka gaNAya che. A takatInA bAhya maMDalAkAramAM magaranAM rekhAMkana che. magara paraSanI vIryazakitanuM pratIka gaNAya che. rAjaghATamAMthI prApta thayelI keTalIka takatIo hAla lakhana saMgrahAlayamAM che. emAMnI eka ghaNI mahattvanI che. enA AMtarva tulamAM ekAMtare pAMca zrIvatsanAM cihna ane pAMca mucakuMda puSpanAM aMkana che. zrIvatsanuM cihna e takatIne zrIlakSmI. sAthe saMbaMdha hovAnuM sUcave che. bAhya valamAM ekAMtare paNa mAtRdevo ane traNa tAlavRkSanuM aMkana che. e darekanA rUpavidhAnamAM phera che. eka mAtRdevInA mastaka paranA kezakalApanI pAse caMdramAM aMkita karela che. enI jamaNI bAjue eka mRga che. enI sAthe naMdIpadanuM cihana che. bIjI mAtRdevInI jamaNI bAjue pakSI sAthenuM tAlavRkSa che. ane DAbI bAjue pazu che. e pazunA upara sUryacaMdranuM aMkana che. trIjI mAtRdevInA mastaka para uSNIza ane baMne bAjue eka ekapazu che. DAbI bAjunuM pazu azva jevuM lAge che. enI sAme sUrya ane nIce caMdra che. rAjaghATamAMthI eka laMbagoLa AkAranI takatI paNa maLI che, jenA para sAranAtha,

Page #49
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA taMbhazIrSanI paDadhI kotarelAM cAra pavitra pazuo-siMha, vRSabha, azva, gaja ane kinArA para brAhmI akSaro kotarelA che. takSazilAmAMthI prApta thayela takatIo paikInI ekamAM madhya kANAnI traNa bAjue traNa nagna mAtRdevI aMkita karelI che. darekanI vacce agnizikhAmAMthI prajajavalita vedInI racanA che. mAtRdevInI baMne bAjue eka eka sarSa che. bAhyamaMDalamAM cakaDAnI bhAtanI bevaDI mekhalA che. bIjI takatImAM DamarAnI puSpamAlAnI madhyamAM yonivivara che enA paranI vedI ane sarpayugma spaSTa Alekhita thayelAM che. trIjI takatImAM hAthIonuM jhuMDa maMDalAkAre gati karatuM darzAvyuM che. basAka (vaizAlI)mAMthI maLelI A prakAranI takatIo hAla paTanAnA saMgrahAlayamAM che. saMkisA (sAMkAzya)mAMthI prApta thayela AvI takatIo paikInI eka para traNa mAtRdevI, traNa tAlavRkSa ane traNa naMdIpadanAM aMkana che ne cotarapha maMDalA re -rAMpAkalInI paMkitao che. paTanA(pATaliputra, bihAra)nA mUjIgaMjanA vistAramAMthI AvI 21 takatIo maLI che. emAMnI eka para madhyamAM 15 pAMkhaDIvALA kamaLanI cotarapha 48 naMdIpadanI mAlA che. A takatInI pAchaLa keTalAka aspaSTa akSaro kotarelA che. bIjI para madhyakendra para traNa vartula che. emAMnA ekamAM 21 kamalapAMkhaDInuM Alekhana che. bIjAmAM 12 pazu-pakSI-azva, siMha, gaja, geMDo vagere che. trIjA valamAM prakAzakiraNonI rekhAo che. ahIMnI bIjI takatInA madhya kANAnI cha bAjue tirthaka rekhAonAM aMkane karelAM che. kinArI paranAM cha ardhavartuLamAMthI prakaTa thatI AvI niyaMka rekhAo enI sAthe maLIne madhya bAjue cha catuSkoNa ane kinArI tarapha cha trikoNa sAdhe che. dareka catuSkoNanI madhyamAM judAM judAM gatizIla pazuonAM aMkano che ane trikoNanI madhyamAM paNa judAM judAM pakSIo vividhabhaMgImAM Alekhita karelAM che. trIjI takatImAM kinArI paranA maMDalAkAramAM gatimAna pazu-pakSIonAM rekhAMkano che. jethI takatImAM uparanI bIjI takatInI jema tirthaka rekhAo dvArA sAdhelA cha catuSkoNo paikI traNamAM mAtRdevInuM Alekhana ane traNamAM tAlavRkSa che. kinArI paranA trikoNamAM ekAMtare sarpa ane pakSInAM Alekhana che. pAMcamI takatInI maMDalAkAra kinAra trIjI takatIne maLatI che, paraMtu madhyanA AMtaravartelamAM aSTAdazadala praphullita kamaLanuM Alekhana che. loriyA-naMdanagaDha ane pIparAvAnA sUpanI dhAtugarbha-maMjUSAmAMthI prApta thayelAM rUpAMkane paNa A kAlanA suMdara namUnA che. bihAranA caMpAraNa jillAnA

Page #50
3 : vedakAlathI naMdakAla sudhInI zilpakalA leAriyA gAme A kalanA prAcIna stUponA samUha traNa haroLamAM goThavAyelA jovA maLe che. stUpAnI saMkhyA 15 nI che. AmAMnA cAra stUpAnuM I.sa. 1905-06mAM utkhanana karavAmAM AvyuM tyAre temAMnA ekamAMthI eka devInu aMzamUrta suvarNa patra maLI AvyuM hatuM. tyAre e zilpa pRthvIdevInu (AkRti 8) hovAnu manAyeluM ane e stUpA vedakAlIna smazAnagRhA (samAdhio) hovAnuM manAyuM hatuM. paraMtu 1935-36mAM e stUpanuM vadhu utkhanana thatAM pAkI IMTo vaDe bAMdhela stUpanI pITha vagere maLI AvyAM tyArathI A stUpA bauddha stUpe hAvAnuM nakkI thayuM. uttara pradezanA bastI jillAnA pIparAvA gAmethI paNa A kAlanA eka IMTerI stUpa maLyA che. stUpanA aMDamAM pattharanI moTI peTI AvelI hatI. enA lekha parathI e stUpa buddhanA sagA zAkayoe svayaM buddhanA zArIrika avazeSo para e stUpa bAMdhyA hovAnuM jANavA maLe che. peTImAM AvelI dhAtumayAmAM buddhanA zArIrika avazeSo uparAMta, seMkaDe! prakAranI kalAtmaka vastue saMgrahAI hatI. emAM suMdara rUpa(mUrti),ratnapuSpa ane padma, nIlama, peAkharAja, padmarAga, sphaTika, maNi Adi kiMmatI dravyA hatAM. temAM sauthI noMdhapAtra suvarNapatra para aMkita karelu mAtRdevInuM aMzamUrta zilpa hatuM. A zilpa AkAra paratve leAriyA-naMdanagaDhanI devInA aMkana sAthe sAmya dharAve che. vaLI emAMthI eka bIjI atyaMta ghATIlI, alaMkArapracUra strI-mUrti paNa maLI AvI che. e paNa mAtRdevInI hovAnu jaNAya che. enA kezavinyAsamAM aneka mAMgalika cihna saMyeAjita karyA che. mAtRdevI zrIlakSmI bhAratIya dhArmika paraMparAmAM mAtRdevInuM mahattva savizeSa che. mAtRdevInAM rUpAMkaneAvALI A badhI takatIone zrIcakra ke zrIyaMtra kahI zakAya. zrIdevInI pUjA mAnavIyarUpe temaja yaMtrarUpe thatI hovAnI paraMparA ghaNI prAcIna che. gvedanA pAMcamA maMDalamAM AvatA zrIsUkatamAM zrIdevIne mAtAzrI, kSamA ke pRthvI kahI che. e sarva pazuonI janmadAyinI ane anna utpAdaka che. ene viSNunI patnI paNa kahI che. e sarva prANIonI adhiSThAtrI devI che. enA saMbaMdha sUrya-caMdra sAthe hovAnA kAraNe e sUryA tathA caMdrA paNa kahevAya che. lAkacitromAM enI baMne bAjue AthI ja sUrya-caMdranuM Alekhana thAya che. kamala enuM pratIka tathA Asana(padmasthitA) che. AthI zrIcakranI nAbhimAM padmanuM Alekhana thAya che. e kamalamAlA dhAraNa kare che, kamalavanamAM nivAsa kare che. AthI takatIo kamalapuSpa ane padma vaDe pariveSTita darzAvAya che. A pazudevInA

Page #51
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA parivAramAM hAthI, gAya, vRSabha, azva che. e prANIo ane abhiSeka kare che. enI sAthe saMbaMdhita tAlavRkSa jIvana prANa ane samRddhinuM dyotaka gaNAya che. e suvarNanI adhiSThAtrI che tethI hemamAlinI kahevAya che. makara e samudrAdhipati varUNa ane nadIonI devI gaMgAnuM vAhana che. eno makara sAtheno saMbaMdha e samudrakanyA hovAnA saMketa kare che. devInA zrIcakranI kinArI cA-bAjue prAkArayukata hoya che. A prakAra-paridhi Rddhi, dAna, Ayu, prajA vaDe susaMpanna hovAnuM manAya che. zrIdevI-lakSmInI upAsanA brAhmaNa, jaina ane bauddha dharmomAM samAnarUpe thatI jovAmAM Ave che, je enA lokadevI tarIkenA vyApanuM sUcana kare che.

Page #52
4. mauryakAlIna zilpe (I.sa. pUrve 325thI I.sa. pUrve 187) 1) sAmAnya lakSaNA bhAratIya kalAnA itihAsamAM mau kAla mahattvane gaNAya che. maurya samrAToe aneka nAnAM nAnAM rAjayone magadhamAM joDIne je meATu' sAmrAjaya sthApyuM tenAthI rAjakIya aikaya sthapAyu' ane tenI sAthe sAthe bhArate anekavidhakSetre apUrva pragati sAdhI. AmAM kalAkSetre sadhAyelI siddhione laIne bhAratIya kalAnA itihAsamAM eka agatyanuM prakaraNa umerAyuM che. caMdragupta ane azeAka mauryanA samayamAM pASANa kalAnA bhAre vikAsa thayA. rAjagRhanI killebaMdhI ane pATaliputrano rAjaprAsAda caMdraguptakAlIna kalAnA dedIpyamAna namUnArI che. A kAlanAM smArakonuM eka mahattvanuM lakSaNa e che ke A kAlanI guphAenI dIvAlA, zilAstaMbhanI mUrtio vagere para eka prakAranA je Apa (polish) jovAmAM Ave che, te abhUtapUrva che. maurya kAlIna samagra kalAkRtie!mAM sthApatyakIya svarUpomAM rAjagRhanI killebaMdhI. pATaliputranA rAjaprasAda, sAMcI ane bharahutanA mULa stUpa, sAranAthanI pASANa vedikA ane bihAranA gayA jillAnI bArAbara ane nAgArjunI TekarIo para AvelI. guphAonI gaNanA thAya che. A kAlanI zilpakaLAnA utkRSTa Adarza azAkanA zilAstaMbheA ane te paranAM pazuzilpA pUro pADe che. yakSa-yakSiNInI mUtio tathA guphAe paranAM zilpA paNa A kAlanI zilpakalAnA gaNanApAtra namUnAo che. maurya samayathI patthara e zilpanuM mahattvanuM ane mukhya mAdhyama banI rahe. che. pattharamAM zilpakAme zarUAtathI ja je naipuNya dAkhavavA mAMDayuM che te lAMbA samayanA abhyAsanuM pariNAma che te paNa ahIM dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevuM che. haDappIya sabhyatAmAMthI maLI AvelAM keTalAka utkRSTa prakAranAM zilpA AnI sAkSI pUre che. haDappA sabhyatAnA kAlathI zarU thayela zilpa-paraMparAe maurya kAla daramyAna cokakasa prakAranA vikAsa sAdhyo hato tema cAkakasa paNe prApta sAhityika ullekhA dvArA nakakI thAya che. te sAthe I. sa. pUrve 326mAM thayelA siMkadaranA AkramaNathI bhAratamAM AvelI. videzI viziSTa zilpa-paraMparAnI paNa bhAratIya zilpa-paraMparA para saceATa asara.

Page #53
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA thaI hatI te paNa eTaluM ja sAcuM che. caMdragupta, bindusAra, azoka vagere maurya rAjyakartAoe vAyavyanA grIka ane IrAnanA ArkamenDIsa rAjayakartAo ane sattAdhIzo sAthe mITho saMbaMdha rAkhyo hato. A kAraNe A samayanAM zilpo para temanI paraMparA ne zailInI asara spaSTa varatAya che. azokanA zilAtaMbha para ArkamenDIsa zailInAM pUtaLAM (models) dekhA de che. tevI rIte pATaliputranuM rAjabhavana (palace) - A ja zailInI asara nIce nirmAyuM hoya tema jaNAya che. 2) azokanA zilArtA ane staMbhazIrSo azake vAstu yA sthApatyanA navanirmANanI eka navIna paraMparA UbhI karI. azokanuM rAjaya kaMdahArathI ghaulI ane giranArathI mAyasora sudhI phelAyeluM hatuM. potAnA sAmrAjyanI sImA paranAM ucita sthAna para teNe 14 dharmalipivALA zilA. lekho kotarAvyA tathA buddhanA jIvana ane bauddha dharma sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatAM sthAna para teNe ekAma eTale ke saLaMga eka ja pASANazilAmAMthI banAvela staMbhaUbhA karAvyA. alabatta, azokanA potAnA lekho parathI jaNAya che ke enI pahelAM paNa keTalAka staMbha UbhA hatA ane azoke enA para lekha kotarAvyA hatA. Ama khaMbhe UbhA karavAnI paraMparA prAcIna hatI. A paraMparA cheka atharvaveda jeTalI prAcIna hovAnuM manAya che. azoke dharma ane saMghanA cirasthAyI smAraka tarIke navA staMbho UbhA karAvyA hatA. teNe buddhanA janmasthAna lumbinIgrAmanI yAtrA karI hatI. e yAtrAnAM mArga sUcaka cihna tarIke teNe pATaliputra, loriyA-naMdanagaDha, loriyA ararAja, bakhirA (vaizAlI) ane lumbinImAM taMbho UbhA karAvyA. lumbinInA staMbhalekhamAM teNe spaSTapaNe lakhyuM che ke tyAM bhagavAna buddhano janma thayo hato. A staMbhanI pAse bIjo eka staMbha che. te paranA lekhamAM lakhyuM che ke buddhanA pUrvAvatAra kanakamuni buddhane eka nAno stUpa nizkivAmAM hato jene samrATe vistIrNa svarUpa banyuM hatuM. bhagavAna buddha sAranAthamAM prathama dharmopadeza Apyo hato. tethI te sthAna para azoke prasiddha siMhazIrSakavALo staMbha Ubho karAvyo hato. bodhagayAmAM buddhane jyAM bodhijJAna prApta thayuM hatuM tyAM paNa teNe zilAtaMbha racAvyo. buddha ane bauddha dharma sAthe saMkaLAyelAM sthaLo para zilAtaMbhonI racanA uparAMta pitAnA sAmrAjyanA aMtargata mahattvanA pradezonI rAjadhAnImAM potAnA zilAtaMbho (vAstavamAM vijayastaMbho) UbhA karavAnI paNa tenI nema hatI. A dRSTie teNe paMcAlanI rAjadhAnI sAMkAzya (hAlanuM saMkisA)mAM, kuru janapadanI rAjadhAnI

Page #54
para 2 SISL 2 sisi UIDExkamalakesara -uDathI - kaMTha ((((O))))) - ghaMTAkRti pallavo -mekhalA paMkhaDIo - kamalanALa -rUMbhaDilA 3 vAI . * * * ', ' ' . ( nie Hi 7 - . chaRS W ITTER TREAMIL : paS Rhy/ // Mehru ma Clery - 1 TUITI IN XII LASS 8 pRthvI 9 zrI cakane khaMDa 10 maurya stabhazIrSa-racanA 11. sAranAtha-stabhazIrSa 12. rAmapuravA-taMbhazIrSa

Page #55
46 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA meraThamAM, zrIkaTha janapadanI rAjadhAnI ropaDamAM, cedI rAjadhAnI tarapha javAnA mahA mArga para sAMcIno stUpanI bAjumAM, kozala janapadanI rAjadhAnI zrAvastImAM, vase janapadanI rAjadhAnI kauzAmbImAM tathA kAzI janapadanI rAjadhAnI vArANasImAM teNe A zilAtaMbho UbhA karAvyA hatA. " azoka pitAnI prajA dharmAbhimukha bane tema Icchato hato. dharmaviSayaka vividha bhAvanAo tenA manamAM niraMtara saryA karatI. ane dharmacakra vizva vyApI niyamonuM pratIka che tema te daDha paNe mAnato. ene bhAratIya mAnase brahmacakra brahmADa cakra, bhavacakra, kAlacakra, sahasAracakra ema aneka nAme oLakhyuM che. buddhanuM mahAdharmacakra tenuM ja eka nAma che. te mAnavajIvana, samAja ane vizvane taraphathI AvarI le che. A kalpanAmAMthI anavatapta sarovara ane tenI cAra dhArAo-mukhane saMrakSatAM cAra pazuo-siMha, vRSabha, hAthI, azva-ne lagatI kathAnuM nirmANa thayuM. A cAra pazuone dhArmika saMketa bhAratamAM cheka siMdhu khINanI sabhyatAthI cAlyo Avyo che. tenI pUjA lokavyApaka hatI. azoke paNa te ja lokavyApI pratIkone svIkAryA. azoke paraMparA tathA potAnI maulika sUjhanA saMmizraNamAMthI saMbhazIrvakanuM navInatama rUpanirmANa prayojyu. ekAzma saMbhanI paraMparA jUnI te hatI je paNa tenA para suzobhita ane sAMketika staMbhazIrSanI kalapanA azokanI potAnI maulika hatI. yuena-zavAMge azoka dvArA sthApita karelA je paMdara zilA staMbha joyA hatA te nIce pramANe hatA : 1) "kapitthastaMbha" nAmane zilA staMbha. e "sakAzyamAM Avela hato. tenA para siMhanuM zIrSa hatuM. (paNa vastutaH khodakAmamAM enuM hAthInuM zIrSa maLI AvyuM che). staMbhanI sAthe stUpa paNa hato ane baMnenI racanA azoke karI hatI. staMbhanI madhyayaSTinI cAre bAjue vedikA eTale ke harmikA hatI. 2-3) jetavana vihAranA pUrvAre be zilAtaMbha hatA je 70 phUTa UMcA hatA. DAbI bAjunA staMbha para cakra ane jamaNI bAjunA staMbha para vRSabha hato. 4) kapilavastune 30 phUTa UMco sAMbha. A staMbha paranA abhilekhamAM buddhanA parinirvANanI kathA AlekhAyelI hatI. 5) kapilavastu nagaramAM kanakamuni buddhano smAraka staMbha. tenI UMcAI 20 phUTa hatI (nizlivA gAmano je che te A ja che). tenA para siMhazIrSaka hatuM. tenA lekhamAM jaNAvyuM che ke kanakamuni tUpane be gaNo vistAra karyo ane A zilAsthabhanI sthApanA azoke potAnA rAjya kAlanA 20mA varSamAM karI hatI.

Page #56
4. mauryakAlIna zipa 6) lumbinI udyAna (hAlanuM rumanadaya)no staMbhaA staMbha para azvanuM zIrSaka hatuM. tenA paranA lekhamAM batAvyuM hatuM ke, "ahIM bhagavAna zAkayamunine janma thayo hato (hide budhe jAte zAkayamuni). azoke jAte te sthaLanI mulAkAta laI staMbha Ubho karAvyo hato tathA tenI Aju bAju zilAprAkAra (vaMDI-vedikA) karAvela. 7) kuzInagarane staMbha. buddhanA parinirvANanuM A sthaLa hatuM. A staMbhanA lekhamAM A vAtane nirdeza karyo hato. kuzInagara vartamAna kasiyA che, je gaMDakI ane rAkhIne saMgama para AveluM che. 8) kuzInagaramAM bIjo eka staMbha, buddhanA dehAvazeSonA jyAM ATha bhAga karyA hatA tyAM Ubho karelo che. 9) sAranAthano staMbha. 1908mAM tenA TukaDA karavAmAM AvyA hatA. A staMbha camakadAra lIsA paththarane banAvelo hato ne tenA para darpaNa jevo epa hato. 10) sAranAthano bIjo zilAkhaMbha 70 phUTa UMco hovAnuM yuena-vAMge noMdhyuM che. te para paNa suMdara Apa caDhAvelo hato. paraMtu khaMDita avaze parathI tenI UMcAI lagabhaga 49 phUTa hoya tema lAge che. A ja te staMbha che je para prasiddha mahAdharma cakra ane caturmukha siMhAkRti aMkita karelI jovAmAM Ave che. 11) mahAzAlAmAM siMhazIrSaka vALo staMbha. tenI sAthe stUpa hovAnuM staMbhalekhamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM. 12) vaizAlI staMbha. kaniMgahAme bakhirA (vaizAlI) gAmane lekha vinAno A staMbha hovAnuM anumAna karyuM che. 13 14) pATaliputranA be staMbho, jenuM varNana phAhyAne karyuM che. enA khaMDita avazeSo maLyA che. 15) rAjagRha staMbha (UMcAI 50 phUTa). tenA para hAthInuM zIrSa hatuM. lekhamAM tUpanI racanAno ullekha hato. azokanA zilAtaMbho (ekAm staMbho sAdA retiyA ke cUnAnA, mukhyatve eka ja saLaMga paththaramAMthI banAvelA che tathA tenA para opa caDhAvela che. e lATa' nAme paNa oLakhAtA hatA. AvA zilAtaMbho saMpUrNa hAlatamAM athavA bhagnAvazeSa rUpe nIcenAM sthaLoethI maLI AvyA che : 1) aMbAlA pAsenA ToparA gAmane zilArastaMbha. hAla dillInA phIrojhazAhanA vADA(kATalA)mAM che. phIrojhazAha tugalaka tene dilahI laI Avelo.

Page #57
48 bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kaNA 2) meraThano zilAtaMbha te paNa phIrojazAha laI Avela, je dilhI zaheranI vAyavya koNe Ubho karelo che. 3) kauzAmbInA jaina maMdira pAse lekharahita zilAkhaMbha. 4) alAhAbAdanA killAmAMno staMbha pahelAM kauzAmbImAM hato. akabara tene prayAga laI Avyo. 5) sAranAthane cAra siMhanA zIrSavALo (khaMDita) staMbha. 6) mujhaphapharapura jillAnA baMbirA gAmamAM Avela taMbha. 7-8) bihAranA caMpAraNa jillAnA loriyA ane naMdanagaDha gAmamAM be staMbha che. naMdanagaDhane zilAtaMbha sauthI UMce che ane te para siMhazIrSa che. 9-10) e ja jillAnA rAmapurA gAmamAM AvelA be staMbho che. eka para siMhanuM ane bIjA para vRSabhanuM zIrSaka che. baMne lekharahita che. 11-13) nepALanA rummideya (lumbinI-buddhanA janmasthAne) tathA niglivA tathA bakhirA (vaizAlI) gAmamAM Avo eka eka staMbha che. enAM zIrSa nAza pAmyAM che. 14) sAMcI (madhyabhArata)nA prasiddha stUpa pAse cAra siMhanA zIrSavALo staMbha Avelo che. 15) pharUkhAbAda jillAnA saMkIsA gAmanA lekharahita zilAtaMbha paranA hAthInuM zilpa sUMDhathI khaMDita thayuM che. 16) kAzImAM Avo eka staMbha jamIna para paDela hato. je I. sa. 1805 sudhI vidyamAna hato. 17) paTanAmAM Avo eka staMbha gAma bahAranI daragalInI vastImAM paDyo che te para vRSabhanuM zIrSa che. 18) bodhagayAnA bodhivRkSa pAsenA Ayatana laMbagoLa)maMdira paranI pratikRtiomAM bharaDutanI vedikA aMkita karela che. temAM Avo khaMbha kotarAyelo dekhAya che. paNa Avo koI staMbha bodhagayAmAM jovA maLato nathI. phAhyAna ane yuana zvAMge anukrame 6 ane 15 zilAtaMbha joyA hovAnuM noMdhyuM che. phAhyAne joyelA 6 staMbho paikInA be jetavana vihAranA pravezadvAranI baMne bAjue hatA. temAMnA eka para dharmacakra ane bIjA para vRSabhanuM zIrSa hatuM. saMkisA vihAranI pAchaLa eka 50 hAtha (lagabhaga 70 phUTa) UMco zilA staMbha hato. A staMbha para siMhanuM zIrSa hatuM ane staMbha para lekha kotarelo hato. kuzInagarathI

Page #58
kaH mauryakAlIna zika vaizAlI jatAM mArgamAM cotho zilAtaMbha Avelo hato. je ghaNuM karIne hAlane lariyA ararAjano zilAtaMbha hato. phAlyAne pAMcamo zilAtaMbha pATaliputramAM "jaMbudvIpa, nAme oLakhAto varNavyo che pATaliputramAM eka bIjo eTale ke chaThTho zilAstaMbha hato. A staMbha 30 phUTa UMco hato. A staMbha para siMha te ane tenI. sthApanA nIlI nAmanA nagaranI smRtimAM karI hatI. pATaliputra pAsethI eka taMbha maLyo che, je ghaNuM karIne "jabuddIpa' staMbha che. tenA be moTA TukaDA maLyA che. A uparAMta paTanA saMgrahAlayamAM basADha gAmamAMthI maLI Avela staMbhanA avazeSo, jemAM padAra siMhazIrSa che te tathA cAra vRSo (vRSabho)nAM saMghATayukata (miza) staMbhazIrSa paNa ullekhanIya che. sAdA cUnAnA paththaranA banAvela A staMbha para utkRSTa prakArano opa caDhAvavAmAM Avela che. Avo opa caDhAvavAnI "vajalapa' nAme oLakhAtI paddhati azokanA patra saMpratinA samaya (I. sa. pU. 220-211) sudhI pracalita hatI, tyAra pachI A lupta thayela jaNAya che. (pAchaLanA samayamAM zilpagraMthamAM vrajalepa mATe batAvelA nusakhA vrajapanI mauryakAlIna prakriyA karatAM bhinna ane UtaratI kakSAnA. A zilAtaMbhono AkAra goLa raheto. e lagabhaga 12mI. UMcAI dharAvatA.. teno vyAsa nIcethI upara jatAM krame krame ghaTato, jema ke loriyA naMdanagaDhanA zilAstaMbhane nIceno vyAsa lagabhaga 89 se. mI. che, je upara jatAM pa6 se. mI. bane. che. eka ja saLaMga paththaramAMthI banela A zilAtaMbhano mukhya bhAga-khaMbhayaSTi taddana sAdo rakhAto hovAthI enA para lekha kotaravAnI sugamatA rahe che. staMbhayaTinI. uparanuM zIrSa alaga paththaramAMthI banAveluM hoya che. ene staMbha yaSTinI upalI Toca sAthe tAMbAnI pIu (copper dowel) dvArA joDeluM hoya che. A staMbhamAM alaga besaNI (kuMbhI) hotI nathI. A staMbhazIrSanI racanA jANe padmayukata dAMDIne najaramAM rAkhIne karI hoya ema spaSTa jaNAya che A bAbata AkRti 10 parathI spaSTa thaze. AmAM staMbhanI racanAmAM, paDaghI, kaMTha, pallava ane staMbha yaSTi padmanAM anukrame DoDe, kamalakezara, pAMkhaDIo ane kamalanALa sAthe sAmya dharAve che. staMbhazIrSa nIcenI mekhalA taMbhayaSTi ane. saMbhazIrSa e baMne aMgone judAM pADavA mATe prayojI che. taMbhazIrSanA AvA ghATane ghaMTAkAra(bell-shaped) ke adhomukha padmAkAsareversed lotus) kahe che... bhA. prA. zi. 4

Page #59
bhAratIya prAcIna zilapakalA - vaLI te IrAnanA "parsipAliTana bela'nA ghATanI kotaraNI tarIke paNa oLakhAya che. staMbhanA zIrSanI Toce suzobhanarUpa, baddha dharmamAM mahattva dharAvatuM koI pazunuM AkRti-zilpa mUkavAmAM Ave che. paDaghImAM paNa pazuo uparAMta haMsa vagere pakSIonAM zilpa alaMkAra rUpe kotarelAM jovA maLe che. staMbhazIrSanI upara pazuomAMthI siMha, hAthI, vRSabha ke ghoDo game te eka ke cAreyane mUkavAmAM Ave che. staMbhazIrSa upara chalaMga mArato ke beThelo siMha, Daga mUkato hAthI, cAlato baLada ane doDatA gheDo emanI judI judI dehAvasthAmAM batAvelAM hoya che. temAMnAM pahelAM traNa pazuo hAla vidyamAna ghaNAkharA staMbho para jovA maLe che. ghaDAnuM zilA ruminadeyanA taMbhazIrSa para hatuM, je have naSTa thayuM che. upara gaNAvela staMbho paikI sAranAthano staMbha tenA zIrSa (AkRti 11)nI racanAdRSTie utkRSTa prakArano che. sAranAthamAM gautama buddha prathama upadeza ApI 'dharmacakraparvatana karyuM hatuM tenI rajUAta ahIM jovA maLe che. zIrSAnI paDaghInI cAre tarapha dharmacakranuM cihana aMkita karavAmAM AvyuM che. dharmacakrane 24 ArA karelA che. ne tenI cAre tarapha cAra pazuo hAthI, vRSabha, azva, ane siMha aMkita karelA che. mathALe cAre dizAe unmukha cAra siMho mUkelA che. emano pITha bhAga eka bIjA sAthe joDela che. A pArzvagata bhAgono saMtulita vinyAsa sAdhavAmAM zilpIe addabhuta nipuNatA dAkhavI che. A siMhonA mastaka para dharmacakra mUkeluM hatuM, jenA TukaDAo upalabdha banyA che. A cakrano vyAsa lagabhaga 80 se.mI. hovAnuM jaNAya che. emAM 32 ArA hatA. pAzavI zakita paranA dhArmika vijayanA saMketarUpe A cakra siMho para mUkAyuM hoya tema manAya che. keTalAkane mate nIcenAM cAra pazuo cAra dizAnAM pratIka, siMha zAkayamuni buddhanA pratIka rUpe ane cakra dharmanA pratIka rUpe che. siMhanI AkRtimAM kalAkAre kalpanA ane vAstavikatAno suMdara sumeLa kareluM jovA maLe che. eNe jANIbujhIne A pazunI svAbhAvika ugratA, hiMsakatA ane pracaMDatA vyakata karI nathI. tema chatAM enI chaTAmAM enuM mRgendrava naSTa paNa thavA nathI dIdhuM. siMhanAM ghATIlAM ne sugaThita aMgapratyaMge sapramANa ane saphAIdAra temaja padAra che. caherA AsapAsanI kezavALInI ekeeka laTa bArIkapaNe karelI che. A siMhazilpone prasiddha vivecaka vinsenTa smithe jagatanI prAcIna pazumUrtimAM sarvazreSTha -gaNAvyAM che. sAMcIno staMbhazIrSa para AvA ja siMho mUkelA che, paNa te ATalA ( utkRSTa koTinA nathI. jo ke ahIMnA zIrSamAM paDadhI para cAro caratAM haMsayugalonAM -Alekhana mane rama che.

Page #60
sauya kAlIna zilpo rAmapuravAnuM staMbha zISa vRSAMkita che (AkRti 12). tenA paNa traNa bhAga che. sauthI uparanA pazubhAga, madhya bhAge gALa alaMkRta aMDa ane sauthI nIce kamala. bAlasvarUpa vRSabha (vacherA)nuM Alekhana utkRSTa che. atyaMta lalita mudrAmAM bAla vRSabha chaTApUrvaka UbhA che. A vRSabha siMdhu sabhyatAnI mudrA paranA vRSabha sAthe sAmya dharAve che. zirAvaTInI mathALAnI paDaghImAM madhapUDA ane khajUranA pAnanuM viziSTa suze!bhana che. mehe jo-daDo pachI AvuM vRSabhAlekhana A samayamAM ja maLe che. ahIM nA bIjA eka staMbha para AgalA be paga UbhA rAkhIne pAchalA be page uThaMga mudrAmAM beThela eka siMhanuM lAvaNyamaya utkRSTa zilpa che. enI nIcenI paDaghImAM haMsathara che. 4. 51. bikharAnA staMbhI para pAchalA page beThela ane AgalA be paga para zarIrane TekavIne Ubhela siMhanI AkRti kilaSTa che. tenA AkAra aNaghaDa hovAnA kAraNe jANe koI moTo bilADo beTho hoya tevuM bhAse che. azeAkanA samayanA anya siMha jevI tenI chaTA lAgatI nathI. nIcenI paDaghI la'bacArasa sAdI che. tenI nIce kamalayukta pUrNaghaTa che. sAMkAzyanA sta Mbha para hAthInuM zilpa che. staMbhazInA traNa bhAga che. sauthI upara hAthI, tenI nIce pallava ma MDita paDaghI(aDa) ane nIce avAMgamukhI kamalayukata pUrNaghaTa che. paDaghI para mucakuMda puSpa, kamalapuSpa ane kalIonI vela che, jenI vacce traratnanAM cihno che. paDaghI ane pUrNaghaTanI vaccenI paTTikA grIvA ke kaTha para doraDAne vaLa caDhAvIe tevA ghATa nipajAvyA che. paDaghInI banAvaTamAM adhikatama vikasita kamala ane velanI bhAta khUba ja AkarSaka lAge che. lAriyA-naMdanagaDhane staMbha sihAMkita che. te uThaMga mudrAmAM beThela che. tenI nIcenI gALa paDaghI para haMsapa`kita aMkita karela che. siMhanI AkRti baliSTha ane prabhAvazALI che. chatAM tenA bhAva kaMIka prAthamika kakSAne lAge che. 3) yakSa-yakSiNInI mUrtio yakSa-yakSI pUjA leAkadharmanu vyApaka svarUpa che. saMbhavata: enA jeTalI prAcIna lAkavyApI ane leAkapriya koI bIjI paraMparA nathI. Aje paNa e kAzmIrathI tAmilanADu sudhI ane AsAmathI saurASTra sudhI koI eka yA bIjA svarUpe yA lAkadharma vIrapUjAnA svarUpe najare paDe che. enI prAcIna paraMparAnI sAkSI purANA Ape che. mau kAlamAM leAkadevatA tarIke pUjAtI mahAkAya yakSa-yakSiNInI mUrti e tatkAlIna lokakalAnuM eka mahattvanuM aMga che. A mUrti e mathurAthI mAMDI vArANasI, vidizA,

Page #61
bhAratIya prANIne zikSako pATaliputra ane zUrparaka sudhInA visata kSetrane AvarI le che. A yakSa-yakSiNInI mUrtine potAnI svataMtra kalA-paripATI che. A atimAnava (super human) mahAkAya mUrti e khullA AkAza nIce sthApita karavAmAM AvatI ane tenI kotaraNI cAre bAjue thatI. alabatta, teno mahattvano darzanIya bhAga te sammukha raheto. atyAra sudhImAM A prakAranI nIce pramANenI mUrtio maLI che : 1) mathurA jillAnA pArakhama gAmanI mUrti (AkRti 13). A mUrtinI pATalI para lekha che, jemAM (ma)nibhada (maNibhadra) saMjJA lakhela che. 2) mathurA jillAnA jhIMga-kA-nagarA nAmanA gAmamAMthI maLelI yakSanI mUrti. 3) mathurA jillAnA barodA gAmanI yakSamUrti. 4) bharatapura jillAnA neha gAmanI yakSa(kha)mUrti. 5) vidizA(madhyapradeza)nI yakSI. A mUrti hAla lakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM surakSita karAyelI che. 6) gvAliyara jillAnA prAcIna nagara padmAvatI (hAlanuM pavAyA)nI yakSa mUrti. A mUrti hAla vAliyara myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. 7) paTanAnA didAragaMjamAMthI prApta thayelI cAmaradhAriNI lakSI (AkRti 14). enA para mauryazailIne opa che. 8) paTanAnI yakSa mUrti. (je para camaka temaja lepa che.) * 9) paTanAnI yakSa mUrti. (hAla te tyAMnA myujhiyamamAM saMgrahAyelI che.) 10) vidizA (ma.pra.)nI yakSI, jene sthAnika loko telina' kahe che te. 11) prAcIna vArANasInA rAjaghATa parathI prApta thayelI trimukha yakSanI mUrti. A mUrti dilhInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM che. 12) zUparakathI prApta thayela yakSa-mUrti, te paNa dilhInA uparokata myujhiyamamAM che. 13) vidizAnA besa ane betavAvitravatI)nadInA saMgamasthAna parathI prApta -mUrti. hAla e bhilasAmAM pujAya che. 14) orissAnA zizupAlagaDhamAMthI keTalIka yakSa-mUrtio maLI che. 15) ahicchatrAujhanA phazuvihAramAMthI prApta thayela kuSANakAlIna yakSa-mUrti. 16) kurukSetrane AmIta nAmanA sthaLethI prApta thayela yakSa-mUrti. .

Page #62
ja mauryakAlIna zilpo 53 yakSamUrtio zarUAtamAM ajAtazatru, naMda athavA tenA putra mahAnaMdanI hovAnuM manAtuM, paraMtu rAmaprasAda caMdAe aMtima saMzodhana karI nizcita karI ApyuM che ke A mUrtio magadhanA sAmrATa ke sAmrAjJInI nahi, paraMtu yakSa-yakSiI nAmanA loka devatAonI che ane te deva-mUrtionA gaNAtI hovAthI manuSya kada karatAM moTA kadanI mahAmAnava (Super human) kadanI banAvavAmAM AvI che. lokomAM paNa che yakSa yA jakhadeva tarIke pUjAtI. zailInI dRSTie A mUrti emAM nIcenAM lakSaNo vyApakapaNe jaNAya che: 1) A badhI mUrtio ati mAnava kadanI hoya che. tenuM zarIra sauSThava baliSTha ane dRDha hoya che. 2) cAre bAjue tenI karataNI karelI hoya che. tene mukhya prabhAva sammukha darzane pragaTa thAya che. 3) vezabhUSA : puruSonA zarIra para uSNISa (pAghaDI), skaMdha ane bhujAone AvRtta karatuM uttarIya, kaTi nIceno bhAga dhotI vaDe parivRtta ne kaTi para kamarabaMdha jovA maLe che. strInA mastake uSNIya nathI hotuM paNa suMdara ane AkarSaka kezakalApa hoya che. temaNe adhovastra dhAraNa karyuM hoya che. stana ane udarano bhAga ghaNe bhAge khullo hoya che. 4) AbhUSaNe : yakSa-yakSiI baMnenA kAnamAM bhAre kuMDala, gaLAmAM bhAre naiveyaka chAtI para capaTA corasa, ke trikoNa ghATanA maNakAvALo hAra (ura sUtra) tathA bAhu para agada (kapUra) hoya che. yakSInA kAMDAmAM valoNIo hoya che. 5) mUrtionI banAvaTamAM skUlatA ane kavacita aNaghaDapaNuM prakaTe che, je lokavyApaka kalA paraMparAnuM ghAtaka lakSaNa che. paTaNA pAsenA didAragaMjamAMthI prApta thayela cAmaradhAriNInI eka yakSInI padAra mUrti (AkRti 14) azokakAlIna mUrtikalAno advitIya namUno che. stanabhArane kAraNe tenI dehalatA saheja namelI che. pAtaLI kaTi nIceno nitaMbapradeza pUrNa vikasita svarUpe khIlelo che. enuM A AkArasIddha kAlidAsanI pelI vikhyAta paMkitaonI yAda Ape che. stanamAM stanamyAnuM tathA koLImArat asAmane (nitaMbanA bhAranA kAraNe jenI gati dhImI paDI che tevI). enuM suDoLa mukha, bharAvadAra mAMsala aMgopAMga, avayavonI vibhinna bhaMgI ne chaTA, prauDha hathoTI yA kArIgarIne vyakata kare che. A kAlanA rAjaprAsAdo AvI mUrtionAM suzobhana dvArA alaMkRta karavAmAM AvatAM haze. A mUrtiomAMnI A eka haze. hAla e paTaNuM myujhiyamanI zobhAmAM abhivRddhi kare che.

Page #63
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA A ja myujhiyamamAM sAranAthamAMthI maLelA A kAlanA be yakSonAM zilpa ane lehAnIpuramAMthI maLeluM tIrthakara mUrtinuM dhaDa sacavAyAM che. AmAM yakSonAM prabhAvazALI mukha paranI mUchonuM surekha Alekhana noMdhapAtra che. dhalI (orissA)nA zilAkhaMDamAMthI kotarI kADhela ardhakAya hAthInuM zilpa prANI-zilpomAM namUnedAra che. mauryakAlanI pakavelI mArTInI mUrti kAe pATaliputra ane mathurA jevAM prAcIna sthaLoethI moTI saMkhyAmAM maLI AvI che. enA AkAro ane racanAmAM vividhatA che. tenA vize alaga pariziSTamAM carcA karelI che. ( 8) zailagrahonAM zilpa bihAra jillAnI gayAnI uttare 12.4 ki.mI.nA aMtare bArAbara ane nAgArjunI nAmanI TekarIo para cha guphAono samUha che. AmAM lomazaRSinI guphAnA dvArA mukhabhAga (facade) suMdara rIte kotarelo che. e azokanA pAtra dazarathe kotarAvelI hovAnuM jaNAya che. ene mukhabhAga kASThanI pratikRti samAna che. enI aityAkAra kamAna ane jALIdAra nakazI noMdhapAtra che. e jALIdAra nakazInI nIce stUpanI stuti karatA hAthIonI hAramALAnuM kaMDArakAma viziSTa kauzala prakaTa kare che. dIvAlo paranI camaka mauryakAlIna che. 5) maurya zi95 para videzI asara maurya zilpo para videzI asara hovAnuM vinsenTa smitha, pasa brAuna, ronAlDa, nihAraraMjana rAya, bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAyAdi vidvAno svIkAre che. A vidvAnonI A prakAranI mAnyatAne AdhAra zo? Do. pUnare A saMbaMdhamAM je tarka karyo che tenuM TUMkamAM vivaraNa A prakAranuM che: 1) caMdragupta mauryanA pATaliputranA rAjabhavananuM nirmANa IrAnanA samrATa dArayasanA pasiM polisanA ane sUsAnA mahelonI nakala samAna che. IrAnanA rAjamahelAnI chata pASANanA staMbho para TekavelI hatI. maurya samrATonA mahelamAM A ja prakAranI racanA jovAmAM Ave che. 2) mauryakAlIna zilAtaMbho parano Apa IrAnanI asara nIce AkAra pAmela che. 3) zilAbho paranI adhomukhI ghaMTAkRti videzI racanA sAthe sAmya dharAve che. ane e staMbha paranA azokanA abhilekhonI zailI samrATa dArayasanA lekhonA jevI che.

Page #64
4 : sauya kAlIna zilpo maurya sAmrAjyanI sthApanA pUrve lagabhaga 250 varSa para IrAnamAM Arke miyana rAjavaMzanI sattA hatI. emanA rAjakAla daramyAna IrAnamAM kalAne bhAre vikAsa, thayA hatA. prAcIna IrAnI kalAkAroe pASANanA bhavya rAjaprasAdanuM nirmANa karyuM hatuM. sUsA, parsi peAlisa, ekalatanA vagere sthaLAnAM suMdara rAjabhavanAnI prazaMsA yunAnI (grIka) vijetAoe mukata kaMThe karI che. tyAMnAM purAtattvIya khAdakAmAe ene puSTi ApI che. prAg--maurya kAlamAM bhAratanA vAyavya sarahadanA pradezamAM IrAnI zAsana hatuM. tenI asaranA kAraNe IrAnI rAjabhavanAnA sta MbhAnI racanAmAM ane azAkanA zilAsta bhAnA kaMDArakAma tathA pakAmamAM ghaNuM maLatApaNuM che. tethI te IrAnI preraNAnI abhivyakitanuM pariNAma hoya tema keTalAka mAne che. sta Mbho paranAM pazuzI tathA tenI nIcenI pATalInI paDadhImAM kotaravAmAM Avela tADavRkSanAM pAna, maNakA, grIka cheADa. acanthusnAM aNIdAra pAMdaDAM vagere paNa videzI(yavana) asaranAM sUcaka gaNAya che. bhArata ane pazcima eziyAnA dezane e kAlane gADha saMbaMdha jotAM e dezanI kalA ane saMskRtinI bhAratIya kalA paranI asara nakArI zakAya tema nathI. staMbhonI bAbatamAM joIe te, enA ghATa IrAnIe pAsethI sIdhA levAmAM AvelA che, ke anukaraNa rUpe che tema mAnavuM muzkela che. ba MnenI zailImAM spaSTa pharaka che, je baMnenA AkAra ane racanA vaccenA pharakathI spaSTa thAya che. vaLI mau staMbho eka saLaMga paththaramAMthI banAvelA che, jyAre IrAnI staMbheA paththaramAMthI judA judA bhAga ghaDIne pachI eka bIjA sAthe joDIne banAvelA che. mauya staMbhonI kArIgarI lAkaDAmAMthI koravAnI paddhatinI che, jayAre IrAnI staMbho caNataranI paddhatie banAvelA che. baMnenA TocanA AkAra ane racanAmAM paNa phera che. kAraNa ke IrAnI staMbhomAM je bhAga thAMbhalAnI nIce beThakanI jema racavAmAM AvyA che, te ja bhAga. bhAratIya staMbhomAM Toce che, mA~ zilAsta Mbho para adhAmukhI ghaMTAkRti nathI paNa hevala, kumArasvAmI, vAsudevazaraNa agravAla nide ze che tema, aAmukhI kamalapAMkhaDIonu` rUpasaMyojana che. mau zilAstaMbho para epa che paNa nakazIne sAva abhAva che. eTale ke te sAdA che. videzI staMbho para urpherita rekhAo kotarelI che, je azAkanA sta Mbho para kayAMya nathI. enI sAthenuM bhAratIya zailInuM-zilpanuM sAmya mAtra alaMkRta rUpAMkanAmAM temaja phUlavelabhAta, choDanI AkRti vageremAM NAya che, paraMtu IrAnI ane maurya sta MbhonAM rUpAMkana, AkAra ane vibhAvanAmAM ghaNA pharaka hovAthI bhAratIya zilpamAM IrAnI asara che ema kahI zakAya nahi. sta MbhazI upara UpasAvIne banAvelI pazunI AkRtionI banAvaTa, tenI rajUAta, temAM vyakata thatuM svAbhAvikapaNuM ane chevaTanA Apa kalAvivecakone e hele-

Page #65
bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA nesTika ke parse-helenesTika kalAkAronI kRti mAnavA prere che, paraMtu pazu-AkRtio karavAno mahAvaro bhAratamAM lAMbA samayathI ho te nirvivAda che. haDappIya sabhyatAnI mudrAo uparanI pazu-AkRtio svAbhAvika temaja sthAnika asarovALI jaNAya che. azokanAM pahelAM paNa keTalAka staMbho astitva dharAvatA hatA e hakIkata paNa AnI viruddhamAM jAya che. azokanA zilAkhaMbhanI preraNAnI pAzvabhUmimAM saMbhavata: vaidika cUpa che. vaidika kALamAM "cUpanI sthApanA yajJa-smAraka tarIke thatI hatI. bhAratIya saMskRtimAM ghaTamAMthI prasaraNa pAmatI kamala-pAMdaDIonuM rUpAMkana ghaNuM prAcIna che. kamala bhAratIya saMskRtinuM pratIka che ane eja maurya zilAkhaMbho para aMkita che. zirobhAga paranI pazu AkRtio vaidika paraMparAnA "pazubalino prabhAva prakaTAve che. game tema, e spaSTa che ke mauryakalA para videzI prabhAva jo hoya to te paraspara sAMskRtika saMparkanA mAdhyamanuM pariNAma hoya tema jaNAya che. kAraNa, mAtra IrAnI ke grIka nahi. paNa sumeriyana, esiriyana, romana vagere sAMskRtika pradAno ane samanvaya paNa A kAlanI daramyAna prakaTa thayA che. dA.ta. basADhamAMthI maLelI eka sapakSa strI-mUrti para sumeranI saMskRtino prabhAva varatAya che. paNa mauryakAlIna yakSa-yakSiNInI mUrtie to sarvathA bhAratIya ja che. A mUrtionA AdhAre ApaNe e cokakasa kahI zakIe ke bhAratIya zilpIoe mauryakALa daramyAna prastarakalAmAM pUrepUrI nipulatA prApta karI lIdhI hatI.

Page #66
52 3 13 IIIII Ky[] YeTofile III 15 13 maNibhadrayakSa (pArakhama) 14 yakSiNa, (didAragaMja) 15 mAyAdevInuM svapna (bharaDuta) 16 dharmacakrapUjA(sAMcI)

Page #67
5. anumauryakAlIna zilpakalA (I. sa. pUrve 187 thI I. sa. 350) A lAMbo kAlapaTa bhAratIya itihAsanI aneka rAjakIya uthalapAthalo, aneka dezI-videzI rAjyonI sthApanA ane uccheda tathA aMte magadhamAM gupta sAmrAjyanI sthApanAne AvarI leto saMkrAMtikAla che. A rAjakIya prakriyAono prabhAva dharma ane kalAnA prasAra mATe protsAhaka rahyo che. lagabhaga dareka nAnA moTA rAjya kalApravRttine protsAhana ApatAM sthApatya ane zilpakalAnA vikAsamAM bhAre vega Avyo. mauryakAlamAM mukhyatve AmajanasamAjane AMjI nAkhatI rAjakalAno vikAsa thayo hato. tene sthAne have jIvanaspazI janasamudAyanI zilpakalA khIlI. samagra uttara bhArata, madhya bhArata ane dakhaNa sudhI A kalA prasarI hatI. vizasanI dRSTie A kalAnA be tabakkA jovA maLe che : 1) zuMgakAlIna kalA (A kalA I. sa. pUrve 2jI thI I. sa.nI 1lI sadI daramyAna pAMgarI hatI) ane 2) zaka- kuSANakAlanI kalA (I. sa. 2 jIthI 4 sadI sudhIno pUrvArdha). judAM judAM sthAnomAM vikaselI kalAno paricaya meLavatAM pahelAM A baMne tabakkAnI kalAnAM viziSTa lakSaNo jANI levA Avazyaka che. 1) sAmAnya lakSaNa maurya sAmrAjyanuM patana thatAM magadhamAM puSyamitra zuga, dakSiNabhAratamAM sImuka sAtavAhana ane kaliMgamAM khAravela sattA para AvyA. A traNe rAjyomAM je kalA vikAsa pAmI te zuMgakAlIna kalA gaNAya che. zuMgakAla pahelAMnAM bhAratIya zilponI abhivyakita bhAre ne moTA kadanAM zilpo dvArA thaI che, paraMtu zuMga samayamAM zilpomAM rekhAnuM sAmaMjasya vadhyuM. pariNAme zilpamAM bhAre kada ane ekasarakhA ghATamAM rekhAonuM Ayojana thatAM eka prakAranI nAjuka sapramANatA ane vaividhya AvyAM. vAstavamAM bhAratIya praziSTa zilpakalAne samaya ahIMthI ja zarU thAya che. A praziSTa kalAno prabhAva bhAratanA samagra pradeza para prasaryo hato. paraMtu bhArahuta sAMcI, bodhagayA, mathurA ane kaliMga(orissA)mAM tene vizeSa pracAra thayela jovAmAM Ave che. zuMgakAlanAM zilpa bahudhA aMzamUrta svarUpanAM che. A prakAranAM zilpAmAM koI eka sammAnanIya viziSTa vyakita ke devatAne kendramAM rAkhI temanA jIvana-prasaMge

Page #68
pa: anumauryakAlIna zilpakalA AlekhAyA che. aMzamUrta zilpamAM kotaraNI cAre bAju thatI na hovAthI tathA temAM zilponuM saMyojana sapATa phalaka para thatuM hovAthI bhAratIya zilpakAroe zilpamAM, jene "cothuM pramANa" (forth dimension) kahe che, tene eTale ke zilpAMkita prasaMgonA kAla(samaya)nA Alekhana sAthe temanA vyakitatvanA tAdaza yathArthadarzanano prazna paNa hala karavAno raheto. A praznano ukela A kAlanA zilpakAroe potAnI AgavI sUjha dvArA hala karI batAvyo che. eka ja aMzamUna zilpamAM sUcita prasaMgonI paraMparAnA nirUpaNamAM emaNe prasaMgo sAthe saMkaLAyela pradhAna ke kendravatI vyakitanuM Alekhana vAraMvAra karI prasaMga-paraMparAnuM sAtatya nirUpyuM ane e dvArA yathArtha darzanano prazna ukelo. bIjuM, judA judA samaye, paNa eka ja sthaLe banelA prasaMgonuM nirUpaNa, rAmayanA vaividhyane tilAMjali ApI, eka ja sthaLe banatA hovAnuM darzAvyuM. eTale ke zilpanA AlekhanamAM samayanA mahattva karatAM sthaLanuM mahattva svIkAravAmAM AvyuM. aMgrejImAM "unilocal' ke topographical method tarIke oLakhAtI A rIti zuMgakAlIna zilpakAronI AgavI siddhi che. tAdRza darzana sivAya bhAratIya zilpakAroe trIjA pramANano prazna paNa temanI, AgavI rIte siddha karyo. prasaMgonA nirUpaNamAM viziSTa ane AgaLa paDatI vyakitane madhyamAM rAkhI bIjI vyakitao karatAM ene meTA kadamAM nirUpavAmAM AvI. A vakhate pAchaLa rahenAra vyakitaone viziSTa vyakitanI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM nAnA kadamAM alpa mUrta karavAmAM AvatI. pramukha vyaktionAM takSaNa nIcenI bAjue AgaLa paDatAM kaMDAravAmAM AvatAM, jyAre gauNa vyakitaone nAnA kadamAM upalI bAjue kotaravAmAM AvatI. Ama vyakitaone AgaLa pAchaLa tathA nAnAmoTA kadamAM mUkI bhAratIya zilpakAra triparimANanA prazno hala karatA. zaka-kuSANakAlamAM mathurA, takSazilA ane amarAvatI tathA nAgArjanIkAMDAno nUtana kalAkendro tarIke vikAsa thayo. mathurAmAM mathurAzailI, takSazilA ane tyAMthI svAta nadInI khINa sudhInA pradezamAM gaMdhAra zailI ane amarAvatI tathA nAgAjunIkaDAno vistAra AvarI letA pradezamAM vRMgI (Andha) zailI vikasI. A kAlamAM gujarAtamAM paNa gaMdhAra ane mathurAnI kalA zailIonA prabhAvavALI viziSTa kalA zailI zAmaLAjImAM khIlI hovAnuM jaNAya che. A zaka-kayA kalAmAM IrAnI, grIka ane bhAratIya pravAhono saMgama thayelo! jovA maLe che. AmAM bhAratIya pravAha pahelethI pahoLo, UMDo ane vegavAna hato. dhIme dhIme eNe anya pravAhone potAnAmAM samAvI dIdhA. Ama A kAlanA aMtamAM eka sArvatrika prasArakSama bhAratIya zilpazailInuM nirmANa thayuM.

Page #69
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA zaka-kuSANa kAla daramyAna aMzamUrta ane pUrNa baMne prakAranAM zilpA thavA lAgyAM. mathurAnAM rAtA ravAdAra paththaranAM, gaMdhAranA skeTiyA paththaranA ane veMgInAM sapheda cUnAnA paththaranAM banelAM zilpA eka bIjAthI tarata judAM paDI jAya che. gaMdhAra ane vegInAM zilpA bauddha dharmanAM vAhaka che, jyAre mathurAmAM bauddha uparAMta jaina ane brAhmaNa dharmanAM zilpA moTA pAyA para banyAM che. . buddhanI mUrti e kuSANakalAnI meTI bheTa che. buddhane mAnuSadevatA mAnI temanA pUrva janmAne bodhisattva tarIke letAM mUrtipUjAnA bauddha dharmamAM prasAra thayo. prAcIna yakSa mUrtionA AdhAre mathurAmAM banelI bodhisattva ane buddha-mUrtio enA prAcInatama namUnA jaNAya che. gaMdhAramAM paNa grIkalAnA prabhAvavALI gaMdhArazailIe bAdhisattvA ane buddhanI mUrtie banI. ema lAge che ke zakakuSANa kAlamAM bauddha, jaina ane brAhmaNa-traNeya dharmamAM mUrtipUjAnA vyApaka prasAra thatAM dharmAcAryonI preraNA anusAra kalAsiddho pracalita lokakalAnA AdhAre dharmAnukula devamUrtie kaMDAratA gayA. bIjI bAju dhArmika vAstumAM teo pracalita pratIko uparAMta loka jIvananAM AnaMda ane ullAsanAM abhinava dRzyo prayAjatA gayA. Ama tatkAlIna kalAmAM dhArmika ane sAMsArika jIvananuM pratibiMba paDeluM jovA maLe che. mathurAnI kuSANakalA bhAratIya kalAnA ItihAsanuM agatyanuM seApAna che. uttarakAlamAM je pratIko ane mUrtividhAna mATe Avazyaka tattvo gaNAyAM te lagabhaga badhAM A kalAmAM vyakata thayAM che. enI kalAkRtiomAM kadAvara tathA bharAvadAra kAyAmAM saraLa pArthiva bhavyatAnI abhivyakita thAya che. gaMdhAranI alaMkRta zailImAM dehasauSThavane sapramANa banAvavA tarapha vizeSa lakSa apAyu che. enA aMgavastrAdinI abhi vyakitamAM grIka kalAnI aneAkhI asara varatAya che. ve`gInI zilpakalA bhavya ane utkRSTa che. emAM pArthiva saraLatA ane gaMbhIratAMnA darzana thAya che. mathurA ane veMgInI kalAmAM romana sAmrAjya sAthenA saMparkanI (AMzikapaNe Arthika ane sAMskRtika) asara varatAya che. ahIM sAMcI, bharadbhuta, bAdhagayA, orissAnAM udayagiri tathA khaMDiMgari, gaMdhAra, mathurA, gujarAta, dakhkhaNa ane AndhranAM prastuta kAlanAM zilpAnI vigatavAra carcA abhipreta che. 2) sAcInI vedikA ane tAraNA paranI zipasamRddhi madhya bhAratamAM bharapAla pAse Avela sAMcInA mULa stUpa mauryakAlIna hatA. - e IMTerI stUpanA vyAsa hAlanA stUpa karatAM lagabhaga aDadhA hate. A mULa

Page #70
pa: anumoryakAlIna zilpakalA sUpa para paththaranuM AcchAdana (encasing) zuMgAlamAM karavAmAM AvyuM tathA tene vistAra paNa bamaNo karavAmAM Avyo. enA sauthI uparanA ardhaaMDAkAra mathALAne chedIne sapATa banAvI te para tenI harmikA UbhI karavAmAM AvI ne enI vacce tridala chatra UbhuM karavAmAM AvyuM. sUpane pharato (asala lAkaDAmAM thato hato tevA ja ghATano) kaTheDo paththaramAMthI banAvelo jovA maLe che. emAM UbhI ane ADI paththaranI jADI chATo ekabIjI sAthe joDI dIdhI che. A chATo jyAM ekabIjAne kATakhUNe chede che tyAM kamaLa, vela, vagerenI bhAto kotarelI che ne kaTheDAnI khaMbhikAo para mUrtizilpo kotarelAM che. sthApatyanI paribhASAmAM A kaTheDAne "vedikA" kahe che. ahIMnAM toraNe be UbhA corasa thAMbhalA ane te para kamAnane badale jarAka bAhyagALa ghATanI samAMtara traNa pIDho goThavIne banAvelAM che. toraNonA baMne thAMbhalA ane ADI pIDho cAre bAjuethI zilpathI vibhUSita che. stapanuM mukhya tAraNadvAra dakSiNa dizAmAM che tyAM azake eka staMbha Ubhe karyo hato, je hAlamAM tyAM jamIna para paDyo che.) dakSiNanuM toraNa dvArA sauthI prathama baMdhAyuM hatuM. AnA upara AdhUnA rAjA zrI sAtakaNI (I. sa. pU. 1 lI sadIne uttarArdha)nA kArIgaronA uparI Amada (AnaMda nI bheTano lekha che. prathama dakSiNanuM pachI uttaranuM pachI pUrvanuM ane chele pazcimanuM toraNa dvAra banyuM. emanI vacce bhAgye ja cALIseka varSane gALo paDe che. ghATa ane kotaraNInI dRSTie A badhAM toraNadvArA eka sarakhAM lAge che. staMbhone cogaradama zilpakRtiothI bharI dIdhelA che. enI Toca uparanA bhAgomAM bRhata kA ThIMgaNA yakSo, hAthIo ane kamalanI AkRtio kotarelI che. nIceno bhAga yakSiNIo, ghoDesavAro, ane mahAvata sahita hAthIothI alaMkRta che. uttara taraphanuM teraNAra sauthI sArI sthitimAM che. thAMbhalAnI upara hAthIe ane hAthIonI baMne bAjue kamAna para AmravRkSane aDhelIne UbhelI vilAsayukata yakSiNIonAM manahara lAvaNyasvarUpo pragaTa karatAM zilpo che. AmAM devadyAre hAthI jhUlI rahyA che ane yakSiNIo dvArapAlikAo che tevI cArUM kalpanA che. A AkRtio nirvastra lAge che paraMtu teone kaMkaNa, hAra, kaTimekhalA jhAMjhara vagere AbhUSaNo ane kamara ane DhIMcaNa sudhInA bhAgamAM bArIka pAradarzaka vastra paherAveluM che. toraNanI bIjI kamAnanA be cheDe vAgha ane trIjI eTale ke nIcethI gaNatAM sauthI uparanI kamAnanA cheDe pAMkhovALA siMhonAM zilpa che. toraNanI sauthI uparanI pIDha yA kamAna upara be vaja, be yakSo ane eka cakanAM zilpa hatAM. emAMthI aDadhuM cakra ane eka yakSa bhAMgI gayAM che. cakra e.

Page #71
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA bauddha dharmanI saMjJA che. ane vajanA traNa pAMkhA yA phaLAmAM bauddha dharmane abhipreta triratna-buddha, dharma ane saMgha-nuM pratIka AlekhAyuM che. kamAnonI vaccenA gALAmAM ghoDesavAro, siMho, hAthIo vagere UbhelAM che. thAMbhalAnI cAre bAjue temaja pIDhonI baMne bAjue bauddha jAtakakathAonA aneka prasaMgonAM Alekhana che. buddhanA jIvananA mukhya banAvo ane agatyanAM vRttAMta paNa che. A sivAya - buddhanA A ke pUrvajanma sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatAM vRkSo, stUpo, kharAM ke kAlpanika pazupaMkhIo, gaMdharvo ane anya zubhasUcaka vividha prakAranAM puSpo ane velAo vaDe te suzobhita banAvelAM che. sAMcInI tamAma zilpakalAmAM eka vastu khAsa dhyAna kheMce tevI che ane - te e che ke koI paNa sthaLe buddhanI mUrti nathI. zuMgakAlIna zilpamAM bodhisattva - tarIke buddhane jyAM darzAvavAnA hoya che, tyAM temane manuSya dehe kotaravAmAM Avela che, paraMtu buddha tarIke temanuM nirUpaNa manuSya dehe paNa vividha saMketo (symbols)-bodhivRkSa, vajasana, chatra, pagalAM, cakra, sUpa vagere dvArA thayuM che. IsunI 3 jI sadI sudhI A niyama barAbara paLAyo che. sAMcIno stUpanI vedikA ane toraNa paranAM alaMkaraNa-zilpo mukhyatve cAra - prakAranAM jaNAya che. : 1) buddhanA jIvananI ghaTanAo tathA jAtakakathAo 2) yakSa-yakSiNInI mUrtio 3) pazu-pakSInI AkRtio ane 4) kulavelanI bhAta. buddhanA jIvananI ghaTanAomAM mukhyatve cAra ghaTanAo ahIM AkAra pAmI che. - 1) buddhajanma, 2) jJAnaprApti, athavA sodhi, 3) dharmacakrapravartana ane 4) - parinirvANa. buddhanA janmanuM aMkana kamala athavA pUrNa ghaTamAM nIpajatAM padhasvarUpamAM AlekhAyuM che. keTalAMka dazyamAM mAyAdevI pUrNavikasita kamala para nirUpAyAM che. kayAMka te prasavanI taiyArImAM hoya tema Asana para sUtela avasthAmAM che. eka jagyAe zrIlakSmI nAgo dvArA abhiSeka pAmatI AlekhAI che. sambodhinuM Alekhana kevaLa pIpaLa vRkSa ke tenI sAme mUkelA Asana dvArA vyakata thAya che. - sambodhinAM keTalAMka dRzyomAM upAsako Asana ke pIpalavRkSane upahAra detA batA vyA che. dharmacakrapravartanano prasaMga vArANasInA mRgadAva vanamAM banyo hato. A prasaMganuM nirUpaNa cakrane Asana para darzAvIne ke staMbha para mUkIne karyuM che. - magadAva batAvavA mATe saMketarUpe be haraNa mUkelAM che. parinirvANane saMketa tUpa ke pagalAMnAM Alekhana dvArA thayo che.

Page #72
pa: anumauryakAlIna zilpakalA 63 bharatanAM toraNatAro para je prakAranA lokapAlonI mUrtio maLI che, tevI sAMcInAM toraNadvAra upara paNa che. yakSa-yakSiInI mUrti toraNanI ADI pIDho ke be pIDhonI vaccenA gALAmAM tathA sauthI uparanA mathALA para aMkita thayela che. pazu-pakSIonAM zilpo vAstavika temaja kAlpanika ane mizrasvarUpanAM jovAmAM Ave che. keTalAMka pazuonI pITha para Arohaka mAnavazipe che. temAM keTalAka paradezI-zaka, tuSAra vagere jAtinA hoya tema temanI vezabhUSA ane AbhUSaNo parathI lAge che. phUlavelanI bhAtanAM Alekhano sAMcImAM uttama koTinAM che ane te badhAM bhAratIya che temaja hubahu svarUpe aMkita thayAM che. dakSiNanA teraNa paranI mucakuMda puSpalatA tathA pazcima dvAra paranI, aMgurIlatA (drAkSalatA)nAM aMkana che. A badhAmAM kamalanI vividha koTi tathA bhaMgI vyApaka svarUpe vyakata thaI che. dhArastaMbhonI bahAranI kinAra paranA kamalagucchonAM Alekhane cittAkarSaka che. kalpalatA ane vRkSamAM paNa A yojanA che. siMha ane vyAlanAM zilpa Arohaka sAthe aMkita thayAM che. dakSiNa taraNa sarvaprathama nirmAyuM che. teraNanI sauthI uparanI pIDhanA agrabhAge madhyamAM kamalavanamAM UbhelI zrIlakSmInI mUrti che. tenA para be hAthI baMne bAjue ghaTajalAbhiSeka karI rahyA che. A ja raNanI madhyapIThanA agrabhAge rAmagAmane sUpa aMkita thayo che. rAjA azoka stapanA darzanArthe rathamAM caDhIne Ave che. tenI pAchaLa gajadaLa ane pAyadaLa che. stUpanuM nAgadevatA rakSaNa karI rahyA che. stUpanI baMne bAjue mAladhArI kinnaronAM zilpo che. rakSaka nAganAgiNI jalamAMthI pragaTa thatAM hovAnI mudrAmAM aMkita karelAM che. A ja pIDhanI DAbI bAjue eka hAthI kamalavanamAM hAthaNIo sAthe krIDA karI rahyo che (hastijAtaka). madhya pIDhanA pRSThabhAge bhavananI bArImAM Ubhela nArIvRMda kutuhalapUrvaka daSTipAta karI rahyuM che. A ja taraNanI sauthI nIcenI pIDha para nIcA kadano laMbodara kubhADa (kIcaka) che. hAthamAM mukatAmALA dhAraNa karatAM A mUrti-zilponA mukhamAMthI paghalatA pragaTa thatI darzAvI che. kumbhAgDanA adhipati viruDhaka dakSiNa dizAnA svAmI che. temanuM zilpa tathA temanA anuyAyI kabhAThenAM aneka zilpa A toraNadvAra para aMkita thayAM che. A teraNadAranI sauthI upalI pIDhanA pRSTha bhAge vaLI cAra vRkSone aMtarita traNa sUpanAM Alekhana che. temanI nIce deva ane manuSyo dvArA prajita Asano

Page #73
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA (bAdhimaNDA) che. Ama cAra vRkSa ane traNa stUpa satra mAnuSI buddhonAM pratIka che. vRkSamAM kramaza: zirISa, udumbara, nyugrodha (vaDa) ane kapintha (pIpaLA) che. madhyanA stUpanA aDabhAga para sAtakI rAjAnA sthapati AnadanA lekha che. tAraNanI madhyanI poDhanA pRSThabhAge chadata jAtaka AlekhAI che. sauthI nIcenI pIDhanA pRSThabhAge dhAtuyuddhanu aMkana che. traNe pIDhonA mathALe dha cakronuM Alekhana che. taduparAMta kamaLa, bodhivRkSa, buddhatrayapUjA vagerenAM alaMkaraNA che. tAraNanA cArasa sta MbhAnI cAre bAjue aneka dRzyA kotarelAM che. rathamAM beThelA samrATa azAka beAdhivRkSanI pUjA arthe Ave che te dRzya, buddhanu cUDAmaha (eTale buddhanA keza, ane uSNISanI pUjA, je bharahutamAM paNa che), trayatriMzanA devAnu buddhanA kezanuM pUjana, indra ane cinu` cUDA pUjAarthe azva, gaja ane pAyadaLa sAthenu avataraNa, kalpavRkSanI DALamAMthI vastrAbhUSaNa tathA mithuna yugalAnuM prAkaTaya, mithunanI cAre bAjue puSpa, phaLa, siMha, vagere aMkita che. strInA paga pAse be suMdara nUpura paDayAM che. te hAthamAM maMgalasUtra laI beThI che. enI nIcenI bIjI eka mithuna mUrti vINA vagADatI darzAvI che. kalpavRkSanI chAyAmAM beThela mithuna nRtyAraMbha jovAmAM tallIna che. dakSiNadvAranA bIjA staMbha para bodhivRkSa ane nAgarAja muliMdanuM cAra nAgaNIonI sAthe aMkana che. cAra lokapAlAcAra anucaro sAthe buddhane bhikSApAtra arpaNa karatA darzAvyA che. eka dRzyamAM kapittha bodhivRkSane eka strI daMDavata praNAma karI rahela AlekhI che. beAdhimaNDa (Asana) para pAtharavAnu ghAsa laIne UbhelA ghasiyArAnuM dRzya paNa che. upAsako hAthamAM jhArI laIne UbhA che. A dakSiNadvAranA sta MbhAnA mathALe siMhasaMghATa ane uttara tathA pUrva taraphanA dvArasta MbhA para gajasa ghATa ane kIcakonAM zilpA che. 64 uttara-tAraNa paranAM zilpA vizeSa surakSita sthitimAM che. tenI sauthI uparanI pIDha para sAta mUrtio hatI, vacamAM dharmacakra ane tenI banne bAjue eka anucara yakSanAM zilpA tathA triratna ane sapakSasiMhanAM zilpA hatAM. staMbhAnI kinArI para bArIka drAkSalatAnI kotaraNI che. A pIDhanA mukha bhAga para ekAMtare stUpe ane bodhivRkSAnAM pratIka dvArA sAta mAnuSI buddhonA saMketa nirUpAye che. (A prakAranAM aMkanA badhAM ja tAraNa para che.) vacalI pIDha para sAta bodhivRkSa pharI aMkana pAmyA che. madhya pIDhanA mathALe staMbhikAonI vacce cAra azvArohI mUrtio che. azvArohauAnI chAtI para zrIvatsanAM mAMgalika cihna che. madhyanI staMbhikA para vedikAthI surakSita "cakradhvaja" che. vedikAnA baMne khUNA para paNa cakro aMkita karelAM che. A tAraNanI sauthI nIcenI pIDha para sAMcInI kalAnAM sarvottama dRzyo kotarelAM che.

Page #74
pa: anumauryakAlIna zipikA AmAM vessantara jAtakanuM paripUrNa Alekhana (dAnapAramitA), pIDhanA mukhabhAga tathA pRSTha bhAga para thayela che. traNe pIDhamAM padmAsanastha gajalakSmInAM zilpa che. emAM hAthI sanAla kamala upara UbhelA darzAvyA che. gajalakSmInI bAjumAM Ama ke azoka vRkSanI zAkhAonuM AlaMbana laIne UbhelI vRkSakA-strIo (pAchalA samayanI zAlabhaMjikAo) che. sauthI uparanI temaja sauthI nIcenI pIDhonA pRSTha bhAga para chadantajAtaka, hastivRMdanI bodhivRkSapUjA, mAragharSaNa vagere dazyo kotarelAM che. A ja toraNanA be staMbha paikI eka para zrAvastImAM AmravRkSa nIce buddha karelo camatkAra, (AkAzagAmI buddhanA mastaka para jaladhArAnI varSA ane pagamAMthI prakaTatI agnijvALAe), anAthapiMDake rAjakumAra jeta pAsethI kharIdI buddhane vADI arpaNa karI te dRzya, buddhanuM AkAzagAmI saMkramaNa ane bhUmi para Ubhela prasenajita tathA tenA anucaro, rAjA prasenajita buddhane maLavA zrAvastI nagaradvArethI jetavana tarapha prayANa kare che te dazya tathA uttara kuru pradezanuM dazya (je sAmAnyata: atyAra sudhI indrasabhA manAtuM te), Indrazaila guphAmAM beThelA buddhanA darzanArthe indrAgamana, ajAtazatrunuM jIvaka sAthe Amravana taraphanuM prayANa, temaja stUpanA Alekhana dvArA buddhanA parinirvANanuM dazya kotareluM che. staMbho paikInA DAbI bAjunA staMbha para 11 sUrya, cakra, padmasara, aMkuza, vaijyantI, paMkaja, mInayugala, zrIvatsa, parazu, darpaNa ane kamala ne jamaNI bAjunA taMja para 13 mAMgalika cihano kamala, aMkuza, kalpavRkSa, darpaNa, zrIvatsa, vaijyantI, mInayugala, puSpasa, cakra tathA anya be cihano aMkita thayAM che. A sivAya A teraNanA staMbha para trayanniza devanA svargamAMthI buddhanuM avataraNa, buddhanuM abhiniSkramaNa, zAkonuM dharma parivartana ane kapilavastumAM buddhanuM Agamana, buddhanA dhAtu-zArIrika avazeSonI vaheMcaNI, stUpanirmANa, vAnara buddhane madhane pyAlo Ape che vagere dazyo kotarelAM che. pUrva-teraNano ghaNo bhAga khaMDita thayela che. uparanAM ghaNAMkharAM zilpothI te vibhUSita che. alaMkaraNa paNa enA e ja che. sauthI uparanI pIDha para stUpa ane bodhivRkSa-sUcita sAta mAnuSI buddha, madhyanI pIDha para abhiniSkramaNa ane nIcalI pIDha para azokanuM rANI tisarakiSnI sAthe bodhivRkSanA darzana arthe AvavAnuM dazya che. rAjadaMpatI jhArImAMthI jaLasiMcana karI sUkAyelA bodhivRkSane navapallavita kare che. te sAMketika dRzya che. A pIDha upara mayUrasaMghATanuM zilpa (mauryavaMzI azokanuM sUcana) che. A ja pIDhanA pRSTha bhAge hastivRMda dvArA buddhipUjA Alekhita thayelI che. khaMbhe paikI DAbI bAjunA staMbha para saMbodhi, saMkramaNa, azoka dvArA cetarapha baMdhAyelI vedikA vagere dazyo che. A dazyamAM bodhivRkSanI DALIo cotara bhA. prA. zi. 5

Page #75
listIya kAkIna ziha5ka phelAyelI che, je saMbodhinuM pratIka che. vRkSanI jamaNI bAjue cAra dizAnA cAra lokapAla aMjalimudrAmAM UbhelA che. eka dazyamAM buddha jala para cAlatA darzAvyA che. rAjA biMbisAranuM buddhanA darzanArthe rAjagRha bahAra nIkaLavuM, urUvallImAM buddhanA darzanArthe AvelA indra ane brahmA temaja kAzyapa muninI agnizAlAmAM buddhano sarSavijaya vagere do kotarelAM che. bIjA eka dazyamAM kAzyapanuM dharma parivartana aMkita thayuM che. jamaNI bAjunA staMbha upara 1) cAturmAharAjika loka, 2) trayastriAMza devaloka (adhipati indra), 3) yamaloka, 4) tulinadevasvarga (hAlanA bodhisatva maitreyanuM nivAsasthAna), 5) nirmANarati svarga (e svarga ke jyAM devo nirmANakAryamAM rata rahe che.) 6) parinirmita vazavartine svarga (mAranA svAmItvavALI sRSTi) aMkita thayelAM che. ahIM pratyeka loka rAjaprAsAdanI bhUminA svarUpamAM aMkita thayela che. A uparAMta zyAma jAtaka, mahAkapi jAtaka vagere kotarelAM che. pazcima-tAraNa para sAta buddho, mRgadAvanuM dharmacakra pravartana, chatAtaka, asthiyuddho, mArapralobhana vagere do kotarelAM che. sAMcInA mahAtUpa sivAya stUpa naM. 2 paNa agatyanuM che. tenA para paNa mahAsatupa jevAM zilpAMkana thayelAM che. emAM pratIkapUjAnA saMdarbhamAM dharmacakrane eka pITha dharAvatA cAra hAthIo, dhAraNa karyAnuM aMkana (AkRti 16) azokanA sAranAtha staMbhazIrSanI yAda Ape che. sAMcInI zilpakalAnI vizeSatA uttarakuru pradezanA AnaMdavibhera jIvananA AlekhanamAM rahelI che. sukhI mithuna, kalpavRkSanI chAyAmAM nRtya-gIta, tathA khAnapAnanA AnaMdamAM jIvana vyatIta karatAM hovAnuM citraNa che. uttarakuru pradezane bauddhoe svargIya pradeza mAnyo hovAnuM jaNAya che. bhArahutanA teraNanI pIDha makaraMkita che. te zilpo "zizumArAzira" tarIke oLakhAya che. paNa sAcInAM toraNonI pIDha para A kalpanAne maLatAM anekavidha pazusaMghATo AkAra pAmatAM jaNAya che. dA. ta. azvasaMghATa, gajasaMghATa, mRgasaMghATa, vRSasaMghATa, siMhasaMghATa. zrIlakSmInI pUjA sAMcI-tUpanA samayathI cokakasa AkAra pAmatI jaNAya che. tyAM e sarvaprathama samRddhinI devI tarIke zilpomAM nirUpAI che. uttarakuru pradezanA pratIka kalpavRkSamAM tenuM nirUpaNa mAtra suvarNamAlAne yaSTi para TIMgADIne thatuM darzAvyuM che te maMgalamAlAo ahIM zrIlakSmInA svarUpe prakaTa thAya che. (3) bharaDutanI vedika ane toraNa paranAM zila madhyapradezanA bharata nAme sthaLe eka zRMgakAlIna stUpa Avelo hato. Aje te e lupta thayo che paNa tenA avazeSa lakattA, satanA, vArANasI, muMbaI vagere

Page #76
5 : anumauryakAlIna zilpakalA sthaLoe myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta che. bharaDutanI vedikAnA staMbha aSTakoNIya che. temanI madhyamAM pUrNa vikasita kamala ane upara tathA nIcenA bhAgamAM ardhaprakullita (ardhavRttAkAra ghATamAM) kamala kotarelAM che. kamalanI AkRtimAM karNikA, pAMkhaDI, padmapatraguccha, padmapatra ane padmanAla ema vividha aMkane levAmAM Ave che. A staMbho para vidhavidha pazupakSIonI AkRtio paNa kotarelI che temaja bauddha dharma sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatAM aneka dazyo kotarelAM che. keTalAka staMbho para nAga, pakSa tathA lokadevatAonAM Alekhano che. eka staMbha para eka sainikanI suMdara mUrti che. staMbha para je jAtakakathAonAM dazyo aMkita karelAM che te darekanI nIce te jAtakanuM nAma kotareluM che. eka dazyamAM mAyAdevInuM svapna aMkita karavAmAM AvyuM che (AkRti 15). jemAM eka hAthI svargathI UtarI devInA garbhamAM praveza karato darzAvyo che. A dazyane bauddha sAhityamAM "avakAti" tarIke varNavela che. khaMbhe para sAta mAnuSI buddha ane temanI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatAM bodhivRkSo kotarelAM che. te darekanI nIce nAma ApyAM che. staMbhe kASThakRtionA anusaraNamAM pASANamAMthI banAvelA che. tenAM keTalAMka lakSaNo paNa spaSTa joI zakAya che. keTalAka staMbha paranI kamalAkRtio ke puSpAkRtio para hAthI, sapakSa azva(pAMkhALA ghoDA), vAnara, mora, jaMgalI popaTa, ane phalapaMkitao ke phalathI lacI paDatI DALIonAM Alekhana karelAM che. vedikAnA staMbhonI jema tenI sUcio para prapha llita kamalapuSpo aMkita karelAM che. temAMnA keTalAka para jAtaka kathAonAM dazyo, ane tUpa, bodhivRkSa, dharmacakra vagere cihU kotarelAM che. toraNadvAranA staMbha paranAM zilponuM vaividhya noMdhapAtra che. A staMbha para yakSa-yakSiNI, devo ane cAra dizAnA rakSako aMkita karavAmAM AvyA che, dA. ta. uttaradvAra para kubera yakSa ane caMdrAyakSiNI, dakSiNa dvAra para nAgarAja cakravAka ane culakAkA devI aMkita karelAM che. staMbho para buddhanA jIvana sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatAM keTalAMka dazyo paNa kotarelAM che. dA. ta. rAjA ajAtazatru buddhanA darzane Ave che te dazya, nAgarAja elApatra dvArA bodhivRkSanI vaMdanA, kosalarAjA prasenajita dvArA dharmacakra AyAtanamAM pUjA, jaMgalI hAthIo dvArA azvattha kAzyapanI budhdha tathA bodhivRkSanI pUjA. " bharatanI vedikA ane raNa paranAM zilpone nIcenA vibhAgamAM vaheMcI zakAya tema che. : 1) devayoni(yakSa, devatA, nAga, apsarA), 2) manuSyavarga (rAjA, dhArmika purUSa), 3) pazu, 4) vRkSa ane phUla, 5) utkIrNa mUrtio tathA utkIrNa zilA

Page #77
-- bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA paTo jemAM 23 jAtaka kathAo, 6 etihAsika-do, vividha prakAranA lekha sAthenAM dazyo, tathA hAsyalaMganAM dazyo, 6) pUja-cihno(stUpa, cakra, bodhivRkSa, pAdukA, triratna vagere, 7) alaMkaraNAtmaka ciha(kalpavRkSa, latA vagere, 8) vAstudazyo (rAjaprAsAda, puNyazAlA vagera), dhArmika satragRha(vAsana ke bodhimaMDapa, parNazAlA sAmAnyagRha vagere), 9) anya vastuo (vAhane, naukA, azvaratha, goratha, judAM judAM prakAranAM vAdyo, dhvajA tathA rAjacihano). AmAM devayonimAM bauddhasAhityamAM je caturmahArAjika tarIke ullekhAyelA lokapAlo (pUrvanA dhRtarASTra, dakSiNano viruDhaka, pazcimanA virUpAkSa ane uttarane vaizravaNa ke kubera) paikI bharahutamAMthI kubera ane virUDhakanAM zila maLI AvyAM che. tethI bIjAM benAM hovAnI zakyatA che. yakSamUrtio paikI uttaranA toraNadvAra paranA ajakAlaka yakSa ane caMdrA yakSI pUrvanA toraNa paranI sudarzana cakSI tathA dakSiNanA tAraNa para gaMgita yakSa ane cakravAka nAgarAjanI mUrtio maLI che. pazcimanA teraNanA eka staMbha para sucilama yakSa ane sirimA devInI mUrti paNa che. bIjA staMbha para supAvasa yakSanI mUrti che. - staMbha para utkIrNa devamUrti emAM devI mUrtinuM bAhulya che. emAM sirimA, cUlakokA ane mahAkAkA e prAcInatama lokadevIonAM zilpo maLyAM che. sirimA (zrI. mA lakSmI)e prAcIna mAtRkA che. bhAratamAM kamalapuSpa para UbhelI ke kamalavanamAM beThela A devIne uparanA bhAgamAM be hAthI potAnI sUMDha dvArA Avarjita kuMbha vaDe snAna karAvatA darzAvAyA che. cUlakokA ane mahAkAkA e baMne kokA nAmanI lokadevI che. (A lokadevIo Aje paNa kAzImAM pUjAya che.) nAgadevo paikI bharahutamAM rAvata nAgarAja bodhivRkSanI pUjA karato darzAvyo che. bharahutamAM alabusA, mizrakezI, sudarzana tathA subhadrA e cAra apsarAonI mUrtio temanA nAma sAthe maLI che. - A uparAMta devonA nRtya-gItanA saTTaka utsava (vasaMtotsava)nuM dazya paNa aMkita thayeluM che. mAnavavargamAM kezalarAja prasenajita buddhanAM darzana-vaMdana arthe Ave che te dazya kotareluM che. prathama dRzyamAM savArInI AgaLa rAjAne rathamAM beThela darzAvyo che. bIjA dRzyamAM hAthI parathI UtarI rAjA aMjalimudrAmAM vAsananI vaMdanA karo darzAvyo che. dhArmika purUSomAM parivrAjako potAnI parNazALAonI AgaLa agnihotra yajJamAM magna darzAvyA che. dIrghatapasI nAmane parivrAjaka pitAnI samakSa beThelA ziSyone . adhyayana karAvI rahyo che.

Page #78
pa: anumauryakAlIna zilpakalA - pazuAkRtio be prakAranI che. eka svAbhAvika, bIjI kalpita. kalpita e mizra AkAranAM nara-pazupakSIonI AkRtio che; dA.ta, sapakSa yA AkAzagAmI azva, sapakSa siMha-vyAla, jalebha ke gajamaccha, magaramaccha, vagere svAbhAvika prakAro paikI cauda prakAranAM pazu ane cha prakAranAM pakSIonuM Alekhana thayuM che: catuSpAda prANIomAM. hAthI, siMha, azva, geDa, bakarI, vRSabha, mRga, gheTAM, vAMdaro, bilADI, kUtaro, kharagoza, ghIloDI vagere, pakSIomAM kUkaDo, mera, haMsa, jaMgalI bataka, vagere. A badhAmAM hAthInI bhAvapUrNa AkRti banAvavAmAM zilpIo vadhu saphaLa thayA jaNAya che. keTalAMka hAsya-vyaMganAM dazyo che. dA.ta. vAMdaro, hAthI ane manuSya traNe maLI eka mahAyakSanI mUcho sANasI vaDe kheMce che. te dRzya romAMcaka che. bIjA eka dazyamAM hAthI para vAnaro caDhIne saraghasAkAre tene derI rahyAnuM vyaMgacitra che. jAtakakathAomAM mitrajanaka, nAgajata, laTuvA, chattiya, IsisiMgima, yammu manavayasI, kuTuMgamiga, haMsa, kinnara, dazaratha, biDAla-kakakura, vidura paMDita, vessantara vagere sthAna pAmI che. buddha ane bodhisa sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatAM vividha vRkSo paikInAM nIcenA AkAra pAmyAM che. : 1) vaTavRkSa : kAzyapa buddhanuM bodhivRkSa 2) udumbara : kanakamuni buddhanuM bodhivRkSa 3) pATali : vipassina buddhanuM bodhivRkSa 4) zAlavRkSa : vizvabhU buddhanuM bodhivRkSa - 5) zirISa : kraphucchanda buddhanuM bodhivRkSa 6) azvattha ke pIpala : gautama buddhanuM bodhivRkSa A vRkSo nIce te te buddhanAM nAma aMkita karelAM che. bharaDutanAM zuMgakAlIna zilpamAM prathama dhArAnA sAMcIno stUpa naM. ranAM zilpa karatAM aMgabhaMgInuM sukha darzana ane te mATenA vyavasthita prayAso najare paDe che. A zilpa vadhu ghATIlAM che. rekhA-sauSThavanuM mAdhurya e vyakata kare che. alabatta temAM takSaNanuM UMDANa na hovAnA kAraNe te sAMcIno stUpa naM. 2 jevAM ja sapATa (flat) che. daravAjA paranAM yakSayakSiNInAM zilponA AlekhanamAM be paddhatio najare paDe che. sirimAdevI, kubera vagerenAM Alekhana mAtra rekhAMkana jevAM che paraMtu rekhAMkananI ja paddhatine anusaratAM sudarzanAyalI, cUlakAkA vageremAM rekhAnI ghanatA ane

Page #79
bhAratIya prANInA zikSako pravAhIpaNuM spaSTa nItare che. jene mArzala prathama paddhatine ahIMnI dezI(indigenous) tathA bIjIne paradezI klAnI asara nIce vikAsa pAmelI hovAnuM jaNAve che. game tema paNa baMnemAM triparimANanA praznane bhAratIya kalAkAre suMdara rIte ahIM hala karyo che. A dRSTie sAMcIno stUpa naM. ranI vedikA paranAM zilpo bharatanAM uparokata zilpa sAthe sAmya dharAve che. padmalatAnA svabhAvika vega ane halanacalana temaja manuSyanI aMgabhaMgInAM halanacalana eka sarakhAM nirUpavAne ahIM prayAsa najare paDe che. che bedhagayA-verikAnAM zi bodhagayA e uttara pradezanA prAcIna uruvigha gAma pAse Avela rathAna che, jayAM buddhane sambodhi(buddhatva) prApta thayuM hatuM. ahIM ja RSi kazyapa ane sujAtAnuM ghara hatuM. ahIM azake bodhigraha baMdhAvyuM hovAnuM kahevAya che. pIpaLAnA je vRkSa nIce buddhane buddhatva prApta thayuM te sthAna bodhivRkSanI AsapAsa bodhimaDa (Asana) racAyuM hatuM. A sthAna hamaNAM navanirmANa pAmyuM tyAre enA pAyAmAMthI prAcIna bodhimaSThanA avazeSo maLI AvyA hatA. A Asana cunAranA baluA paththaramAMthI banAveluM che ane e para maryakAlIna epa che. bharahatanA zilpacitramAM batAvyA pramANe enI AgaLa cAra staMbho paNa che. A bodhivRkSanI cotarapha azoke IMTerI veSTinI(vADa) banAvI hatI. zuMgAlamAM vedikAnA staMbhe, sUci ane uNISa pASANanAM banAvavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. ene vinyAsa sAMcI ane bhArahatanA je sarvathA alaMkRta hato. enA paranA utkIrNa lekho dvArA jANavA maLe che ke enA nirmANamAM IndrAgnimitra ane brahmamitranI rANIoe A aMge dAna ApyuM hatuM. A vedikAmAM kula 6-8" UMcAInI 64 khaMbhikAo hatI ane vedikAnI kula UMcAI lagabhaga 10 phUTa hatI. enI padmavara vedikAnI uSNISa para padmavallarInAM aMkana hatAM tathA khaMbhikAo surajamukhI puSpothI aMkita karelI hatI. enA para uttarakuru pradezanI kalpalatA ke kalpavRkSanAM Alekhane, batakakathAo tathA buddhanA jIvananA aitihAsika prasaMgonuM Alekhana thayeluM hatuM. ahIMnAM suzobhana-zilpomAM vedikAnI aSTakoNIya taMbhikAo para aga ane pUTha bhAge mithuna (yugalo) tathA vividha puSmAbharaNonA prasava-prasaMgonAM dazyo kotarelAM che. AmAMnAM keTalAMka noMdhapAtra che. dA.ta. Asanastha mithunamUrti, eka puruSa ane be strIonuM saMvanana, gajalakSmI, bodhimaMca, bodhivRkSanI pUjAmAM nimagna yugala,

Page #80
S: 18 cha gajalakSmI (dhagayA) 18 yakSadaMpatI (udayagiri) 19 bhArapuvaka (pIttapA) 20 nalagirihAthInI zaraNAgati (amarAvatI)

Page #81
02 bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kakSA bodhimaMca paranA dharmacakranuM pUjana, za kukarNa yakSa, vRkSikAdevI tarIke oLakhAtI devInuM nIce beThelA yakSanI madada vaDe vRkSArohaNa, pUrNa ghaTa, kamalavanamAM kamalAsanastha zrI lakSmI, zrI gajalakSmI (AkRti 17), vINAdhArI gaMdharvo, indranuM indrazaila guphAmAM buddhanA darzana nArthe Agamana. A uparAMta caturanvayojita ratha para beThela sUrya, copATa ramatAM daMpatI, jetavanadAna, hastivRMda, ane idana, padakusala, mANava, vessAra, kinnara vagere jAtakakathAonAM Alekhana che. bodhagayAnI vedikAnAM zilponI vizeSatA temAM aMkita thayelAM mizra prANIonAM zilpamAM che. dA.ta. sapakSa-siMha, sapakSa azva, sapakSa hasti, naramaccha, vRSabhamaccha, garamaccha, ajamaccha vagere. A zilpomAM keTalIka vakhate be prANIonAM zilpanA badale traNa ke cAra judAM judAM prANIonAM vyAla svarUpo yojAyAM che. dA.ta. eka staMbha upara siMhamukhI magaramaccha che. ahIMnAM zilpanI vizeSatA nIce pramANenI gaNAya che : 1) vyAla ke IhAmRga zilponuM bAhulya che. 2) enI zilAzailImAM saraLa ne sugrathita jIvaMtapaNuM pravarte che. 3) vedikAnI taMbhikAomAM pRSTha bhAge zilpAMkane racI eka navIna paraMparAne prAraMbha thayelo che. 4. vanaspatinAM phaLaphUla pAMdaDAnAM surekha prakRtijanya laya vacce vividha bhAvabhaMgIo vyakata karatAM mAnava-strI puruSanAM rUpa mAnavabhAvane vyakata kare che. De, AnaMdakumAra svAmI jaNAve che tema, A zilpamAM plant-style bhArobhAra niSpanna thAya che. 5) bodhagayAnAM zilpomAM AlekhanemAMthI binajarUrI tatvone dUra karI anivArya ane mukhya tattvonuM saghana darzana jonAranA cittane tarata ja sparze tevuM che, jema ke bharaDuta ane bedhagayAnAM zilpamAM aMkita jetavananA prasaMgonA AlekhananI sarakhAmaNI karatAM A spaSTa thAya che. bodhagayAnuM Alekhana vadhu jIvaMta lAge che. ahIM zilpomAM kumAzanI sAthe prANatattva paNa niSpanna thatuM jovA maLe che. hAlanuM bodhagayAnuM maMdira asala bodhi gharanuM anekavAra thayela rUpAMtara che. guptakAlamAM A maMdiranuM mahattvapUrNa punaHnirmANa thayuM tyAre ene "bRhad gandhakuTI prAsAda" tarIke oLakhAveluM. vaLI enuM puna: AmUla parivartana I.sa. 1035-1079 daramyAna brahmadezanA baddha yAtrIonA hAthe thayuM tyAre enA garbhagRhamAM atyAranI

Page #82
1: anumauryakAlIna zilpalA bhUmisparzamudrAvALI bhagavAna buddhanI padmAsanastha pratimAnI sthApanA thaI ane maMdiranI bahAra pASANanuM AvaraNa caDAvavAmAM AvyuM. 5) udayagiri ane khaMDagirinI guphAonI zilpasamRddhi orissAnA bhuvanezvaranI pAse udayagiri ane khaMDegirI nAmanI TekarIo che. temAM 35 guphAo che e paikInI 17 guphAomAM zilpo kaMDArelAM che. 16 guphAo udayagirimAM ane eka guphA khaMDagirimAM che. A guphAo paikI hAthI guphAmAMthI kaliMganA rAjA khAravela (I. sa. pUrve 150 AsapAsa)no lekha ane maMcIpurI guphAmAMthI enI paTarANIne lekha maLyo che. te parathI A guphAo I. sa. pUrve 2 jI. 1 lI sadImAM banelI hovAnuM manAya che. A guphAonI zilpa-zailI sAMcI, bharahuta ane bodhagayA jevI che. sAtho- sAtha emAM keTalIka sthAnika khAsiyata paNa che. maMjIpurI guphAnAM aMzamUrta zilpomAM UMDAI ane rUpakSamatA bharahuta karatAM AgaLa vadhI che ne e sAMcInI haroLamAM bese evAM banyAM che. emAM gherAM takSaNa, prakAza ane chAyAne spaSTa uThAva ApatI rekhAo ane te dvArA niSpana thatI pragADha prANavAna kriyAzIlatA najare paDe che. guphAnA cokiyArAnA thAMbhalAnA eka TekA para dariyAI ghoDAne maLatA AkAranA kAlpanika prANI para savArI karatA mAnavonAM zilpo noMdhapAtra che. dIvAla paranI toraNamAlA ramaNIya che. staMbhonA zirobhAga vividha prANIenAM zilpo tathA phalavelanAM bhAskaryothI vibhUSita che. guphAmAM traNa khaMDo che, emanuM bheMyataLIyuM DhaLatuM che jethI sAdhuo ArAma kare tyAre ozikAnI jarUra na rahe. zilAyanI madhyamAM eka noMdhapAtra zilpakRti che. A kRtimAM rAjyanA mANase "jina". nI pUjA kare che. uparAMta A dazyamAM hAthI, tArA, graha, devadUto vagere najare paDe che. emAM khAravele magadhathI puna: prApta karelI jina mUrtinI puna: pratiSThAno prasaMga kaMDArelo che. kaliMga-jinanI mUrti madhyamAM che. tenI AjubAju khAravela, paTarANI, rAjaputrI che ane rAjapura UbhelA che. mathALe una karatA vidyAdharanI AkRti che. emAM kaMDArelI hAthInI AkRti pazu jagatanuM pratIka che. kamala AkAzI jagata batAve che. AkAzamAM be gaMdharvo Dhola vagADe che. - bAghaguphAne mukhaghATa vAghane maLato che. pravezadvAranI zAkhAonI zirAvaTIomAM pAMkhALAM prANIonAM zilpa che. enI kuMbhInAM ghaTapallavane ghATa bIjI guphA karatA judo paDe che. dvAra uparanA pATaDAmAM I. sa. pUrvenI lipimAM lakhAyelo eka lekha che.

Page #83
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakala : hAthI guphA ke gaNeza guphA ahIMnI guphAomAM sauthI agatyanI che. enA pagathiyAMnI baMne bAjue hAthIonI zreNI che. emAM cedivaMzanA rAjA khAravelanA utkIrNa lekha che. A guphAne be khaMDa che. rANI guphAmAM je dazyo kotarelAM che te ja ahIM nAnA svarUpamAM karelAM che; jevAM ke, prathama dRzyamAM eka strInuM haraNa, pachI e strI ane puruSa vacce saMgharSa, tyArabAda puruSanuM guphA tarapha javu, chelle. purUSa guphAnI AgaLa lAMbA thaIne sUtA ne pelI strI enI bAjumAM beThelI che. chajAnA DAbA cheDe jamaNethI DAbI bAju korelAM dRzyo A pramANe che : kirAta sipAIo hAthI para beThelI strI sAthenI lazkarI TUkaDInI pAchaLa doDe che. kirAtavezI rAjAnA hAthamAM aMkuza che ne tenI pAchaLa paDelA kirAta tarapha e tIra pheMke che. rAjAnI sAthenA paricAraka kothaLImAMthI jamIna para paisA pheMke che, jethI paisAnA leAbhe kirAtA rAjAnA pIcho choDe. bIjA dazyamAM A AkhI TukaDI AgaLa vadhe che. dhanuSya sAthe rAjA lAdi sAthe strI ane hAthamAM dravyanI kothaLI sAthe paricAraka che. chevaTanA dazyamAM srI jamIna para besIne potAnA bhAgya mATe asAsa kare che. rAjA ene dilAsA Ape che ne paricAraka nirAza vadane UbhA che. tenA eka hAthamAM dhanuSya ane bIjA hAthamAM dravyakothaLI che. r svaga purI guphAnI be oraDIe vacce rANInA lekha che. enA pravezamukha AgaLanA sta MbhA IrAnI zailInA che. temAM cAra tAraNA che. temAMnA ekamAM makarAkRti che. rANI guphA-be majalAnI badhI guphAo karatAM zilpakAlamAM A guphA sauthI zraSTha alaMkRta che. kamanasIbe ahIM kArelAM zilpA khUba ghasAI gayAM che, je kaMI bAkI rahyuM che te parathI joI zakAya che ke zilpanA viSaya ane zailImAM saMvAdIpaNu rahelu che. enI AlaMkArika zilpapaTTikAomAM suMdara mUrti vidhAna che. A zilpamALA kyA viSayane prasphuTa kare che te haju samajI zakAyuM nathI. chatAM emAMnAM keTalAMka dazyo bhAratIya sAhitya ane leAkavArtAonuM nATayAtmaka kathana rajU karatAM lAge che. AmAM keTalAMkamAM udayana vAsavadattAnI kathA tathA duSyanta zakuntalAnI kathAnA prasaMgo Alekhita thayA che. vRkSanI DALanA AkAramAM kotarelA enA staMbhAnI zirAvaTIo noMdhapAtra che. upalA majalAnI dIvAlane mathALe AvelI paTTikAomAM leAkajIvanane prakaTAvatAM dRzyo temaja temanI parAkramagAthAne Alekhita karatAM maneAhara dazyAne lIdhe A guphA mukhyatve khullI nATayazALA (open air theatre) hAvAnuM keTalAka vidvAnA mAne che. guphAmAM kotarelAM dRzyo prasaMgApAta ahIM bhajavI batAvAtAM haze evuM anumAna che. guphAnA dvArapAla tarIke hAthamAM

Page #84
paH anumauyAhIna pipalA bhAlo temaja bIjA hathiyAradhArI manuSya kadanAM bAvalAM e khullI nATayazALAmAM hovAnA anumAnane puSTi Ape che. A guphAmAM bhAratanA zilpa karatAM caDhiyAtI kArIgarI che. zilpamAM rajU kareluM Ayojana ane satvazIla temaja jIvaMta AkRtionuM Alekhana sAMcInA toraNadvAramAM jaNAta vikAsakrama ahIM paNa batAve che. A guphAmAM upalA majale A pramANe zilpa do kaMDArelAM che: 1) strIvaMdamano rAjA hAthInA ToLAmAMnA hAthI sAthe yuddha kare che. 2) jaMgalanAM dazyo jevAM ke guphAomAM siMha, vAnara, sarpo, pakSIo ane vyApe. 3) guphAnI AgaLa strI. ane puruSa, puruSa muni vratamAM dAkhala thavA Icche che, strI ene rokavA mathe che. 4) A ja dRzyanuM punarAvartana 5) strI ane puruSanI kheMcAkheMcI cAle che.. temanI pAse eka ziyALa UbhuM che. laDhatI strInI pITha dekhAya che. enI veNI UDatI jaNAya che. 6) strIne eka mANasa UMcakIne cAlavA mAMDe che. strI emAMthI chUTavA taraphaDiyA mAratI jaNAya che. e taraphaDiyAM jamaNA hAtha vaDe vyakata thAya che. strI jANe puruSane kahI rahI che ke, "tuM mane bhale zArIrika baLamAM te paNa mAro AtmA tane maLaze nahi." 7) rAjAno zikAra. rAjA ghoDA uparathI nIce Utare che. azvapAla ghoDo pakaDIne Ubho che. rAjA hariNane tIra tAkato AgaLa vadhe che. hariNanI phALa vegIlI che. bIjAM be haraNAM tene anusare che. zilpamAM haraNane tIra vAgyAnuM dazya nathI. paraMtu bIjA dazyamAM haraNa tenI pAlikA-je vRkSanI ethethI joI rahI che, tenI tarapha doDe che. rAjA mRganI pAlikA pAse pahoMce che. A vakhate enAM tIrakAmaThAM nIce utArelAM che. A prasaMga jotAM kAlidAsanu "zAkuntala" yAda Ave che. 8) prauDha vayanI strI-kadAca khAravelanI rANI paricArikA sAthe besIne nRtyanuM dazya nihALe che. traNa strIo vAjiMtra vagADe che. emAMnI ekanI pAse upavINA che. bIjI maMjIrAthI tAla Ape che. ne trIjI hAthathI tAla Ape che. eka mANasa rAjAnI adAthI nRtya nihALe che. e pelI strInI DAbI bAjue beThelo che. enI AgaLa karaMDiyA jevuM kaMIka paDeluM che. pauDha uMmaranI strInI AgaLa eka paricArikA thALamAM kulanA hAra laIne UbhelI che. kadAca A natiMkA ane vAdyavRMdane e sanmAnavA mATe haze. 9) darekamAM rAjArANInA yugala sAthenI traNa zilpa paTTikAo che. pahelI bemAM rAjArANI zRMgAraprasAdhanomAM vyasta jaNAya che. trIjAmAM rAjA tenAthI virakata jaNAya che. tethI te strI tarapha vimukha che. strI tene "saMsAra"mAM pakaDI rAkhavAno prayatna kare che. ahIMnA chajAmAMnI keTalIka AkRtio sAMcInA pazcima bAjunA teraNa dvAranI AkRtione maLatI che.

Page #85
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA daravAjAmAM jaNAte siMhane savAra maurye samayanA paTaNAnA yakSanI AkRtine maLato che. kaMcukavALI dvArapAlanI AkRtie ApaNane prAcIna sAhityanA kaMcukIenI yAda Ape che. emAMnA ekanA pagamAM upAhana (jADA) che tenA para zaka asara jaNAya che. nIcenA majalAnAM zilpo paNa vaividhyapUrNa che. jaMgalamAM taLAvanI aMdara hAthIe kriIDA kare che. vRkSomAM kapiyugalo zAkhAo paranAM phaLono upabhoga kare che. jaMgalanuM dazya mRgo, pakSIo vagerethI jIvaMta lAge che. vijetA rAjA athavA rAjakumAra pAcho phare che tenA mAnamAM samAraMbha yojelo che. rAjakumAranI pAchaLa paricAraka chatra laIne Ubho che. enA azvane AgaLa lAvIne Ubho rAkhelo che. vaLI bIjA dazyamAM pharIthI te rAjakumAra ane tenI pAchaLa ddhAo ane tenI AgaLa strIo pUrNakuMbha ane AratIthI rAjakumAranuM svAgata kare che. A dazya kadAca khAravelano digvijaya batAvatuM hoya ane tenA rAjyamAM tenuM svAgata pUrNakubha ane zaNagArelA azvathI karAtuM hoya. A dazya kadAca kaliMgajananI mUrti sAthe magadhamAMthI vijaya prApta karIne pAchA pharatA khAravelanuM paNa hoI zake. A majalAnA uttara bAjunA cheDe taLAvamAM hAthIo, guphAomAM pazuo, AmravRkSo para vipula phaLo ane tenI sAthe pakSIo ane vAnaro joI zakAya che. uttaranA bIjA khaMDamAM bhAlo pakaDIne Ubhelo zaka yoddho che. thAMbhalAnI Toca upara baLado, siMha, hAthIo ane ghoDAonAM aMkano che. A khaMDanAM zilpo noMdhapAtra che, temAMnA eka dazyamAM strIo pUjA karavA jatI jaNAya che. rAjA tenI be rANIonI vacamAM beThelo che, maMDapamAM nartikA nRtya kare che. sAme saMgItavRMda che, temAM eka strI mRdaMga vagADe che, bIjI hAthathI tAla Ape che. trIjI upavINA vagADe che ane cethI "veNugAna" kare che. strIonA kAnamAM amarAvatInAM zilpamAM kaMDArela strIonAM jevAM kuMDela che. veNu siMhanA dhaDa jevA AkAranI che. rAjA maMdira tarapha jato dekhAya che. tene puSpamALA sAthe eka strI anusare che. rAjAnA uSNISa para chatra jaNAya che. chajAnI traNa kamAno para traNa ratno kotarelAM che. khaMDagirinI anataguphAnuM zilpakAma zailI ane mUrtikalAnI dRSTie bodhagayA jevuM che. enAM tAraNo para tripuMDa (traNa zIrSavALAM) zilpo kotarelAM che. A guphA UMcA khaDaka para che. tenA para AdinAthanuM jainamaMdira che. A maMdira stapanI jema saheja vartulAkAra che. tenA chajAmAM nIce pramANenAM agatyanAM dazyo taraNonI nIce kaMDArelAM che.

Page #86
5 : anumauya kAlIna zilpakalA 1) hAthaNIonI vacamAM gherAyelA hAthI che. 2) be bhujAvALA sUrya cAra ghoDAthI kheMcAtA be cakravALA rathamAM che. A sUrya mathurAnA sUrya jevA che. tenI be bAjue tenI be patnIo che. caMdranA pratIkarUpe ardha caMdra eka bAjue che. bIjI bAjue saMpUrNa khIlelu` kamaLa che. 3) gajalakSmI hAthIyugmanI vacamAM kamaLa pakaDIne UbhelI che. A hAthI lakSmIne kuMbhamAMnA jaLathI abhiSeka kare che. peApaTanuM yugma kamaLapatrA para beTheluM che. 4) ceAthI kamAna nIce triparimANI caitya vRkSa kaTheDAnI vacamAM che. rAjA ane rANI puSpamALA vaDe pUjA kare che. rANI amarAvatI ane mathurAnI strI-AkRtione maLatI che. 6) gaMdhAra zailI bhAratIya zilpa zailIemAM gaMdhAra zailI suprasiddha che. A zailInA udayanuM zreya gaMdhAra pradezamAM zAsana karatAM bAlika ane bhAratIya grIka rAjAone phALe jAya che. hAlanA pAkistAnanA pezAvara ane rAvalapi'DI jillAo temaja aphaghAnistAnanA ghaNA bhAga prAcIna kAlamAM gaMdhAra pradezamAM samAviSTa hatA. A pradeza bhAratIya cInI, IrAnI, grIka ane romana saMskRtionA sa Mgama sthAne AvelA hatA. AthI ahIM dezI-videzI vicAro ane prabhAvAnA samanvaya ane ekIkaraNa thAya e svabhAvika che. gaMdhAramAM zilpakalAnA kSetre pUrva ane pazcimanI zailIonAM saMmizraNamAMthI gaMdhAra zilpakalAnA janma thayA. e ni: saMdeha grIka ke helenisTika kalAmAMthI udbhavI. AthI A kalAne Indo-Greek, Indo-Hellenic ke Greeco-Roman Art kahe che. tenA mukhya viSaya bauddha dharma hovAthI ene Greeco-Buddhist Art paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. gaMdhAra pradezamAM eneA vikAsa thayA hAvAthI e "gaMdhAra zailI" tarIke vizeSa vikhyAta che. gaMdhAra zailImAM dhArmi ka viSayA ane ghaTakone mUrta karavA mATe grIka AkArakSamatA ane nirmANapaddhatinA prayoga karavAmAM AvyA paNa viSaye| mukhyatve bhAratIya rahyA. enA hetu videzI devadevIone rajU karavAnA nahIM paNa bhAratIya, mukhyatve, bauddha viSayonI abhivyakita hatA. alabatta, koI koI videzI viSayA paNa emAM sthAna pAmyA che, paNa enuM pramANa ghaNuM jUja che. bhAratamAM A zailI I. sa. nI 1lIthI 4thI sadI daramyAna pracAramAM rahI. kuSANa ane zaka rAjAoe tenA utka`mAM vizeSa phALA Apyo che. kuSANa rAjA kaniSkanA samayamAM bauddha dharmanA mahAyAna saMpradAyanA udbhava ane vikAsa thatAM te e

Page #87
-- bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA saMpradAye buddhanI mUrtipUjA apanAvI hovAthI A vistAramAM A navIna zailIe buddha ane bodhisatvenI mUrtio ghaDAvA lAgI. videzI prabhAvavALI A zailI 5 mI sadI pachI lupta thaI ane gaMdhAra pradezamAM paNa anya pradezonI jema sarvathA bhAratIya zailI pracalita banI. gaMdhAra zailIe samakAlIna bhAratIya zailIo para prabhAva pADyo hato. bhArata bahAra A zailIne prabhAva pApaka hato. pUrva ane cInI turkastAna, moMgoliyA, cIna, koriyA ane jApAnanI bauddha zilpakalAnuM udbhava sthAna A zailImAM raheluM jaNAyuM che. A zailInAM keTalAMka tarI AvatAM lakSaNo A mujaba gaNAvI zakAya : 1) emAM grIka mUrtikalAnI vAstavikatA ane bhAratIya klAnI bhAvamaya AdhyAtmika abhivyaMjanAno samanvaya karavAno prayatna thayo che. 2) mAnava aMgene vigate rekhAMkita karyA che. aMga-pratyaMge ane khAsa karIne snAyuo mUcho vagerenI sUkSamatA tarapha vizeSa dhyAna apAyuM che. 3) vastra paridhAnanI zailI nirALI che. moTAM vastro darzAvatI vakhate vastronI vallIo (karacalI) sUkSma rIte batAvI che. zarIrane coMTelAM ane aMga prasaMga batAve evAM jhINAM ke pAradarzaka vastro aMkita thayAM che (AkRti 21). 4) nakazI kAma anupama che. alaMkaraNo vistRta che ane pratIka jaTila che. 5) buddhanI AkRti-nirmANamAM kalAkAroe svataMtratA lIdhI che. tethI buddhanI mUrti - epolo jevI banI gaI che. pezAvara, rAvalapiMDa, svAtanI khINanI AjubAjunA pradezomAM temaja kAbulanI khINamAMthI aneka bauddha sthApatyAvazeSo prApta thayA che. AmAM mukhyatve che ane vihAronA avazeSa maLyA che. AmAMnA chUpone sAmAnya ghATa ane taladarzana bhAratIya che, paraMtu te paranI viziSTa kotaraNI (carving) para grIka (yunAnI Hellenic) asara spaSTa varatAya che. stanI bharaNI ke zirAvaTIo chAparAnA trikoNAkAra cheDA (pediments) prastAra ke vitAna (entablature), kAnasa (cornice) ane tenI nIcenA TekAo (brackets) vagerenA kotarakAmamAM A asara spaSTa varatAya che. te mUrtizilpamAM te A zailone prabhAva vizeSa pramANamAM dekhA de che. A pradezanA stUpanI eka vizeSatA tenI rUpakSama ke rUpAtmaka AbhUSaNa (plastic ornamentation)mAM rahelI che. tenAM vividha tharavALAM (tiers , mouldings) kAna, gavAkSo, teraNa ke kamAnanI hAramALAo (arcades), ghoDA ke TekAo vividha suzobhana, rUpAMkano ke ghATathI alaMkRta karavAmAM AvyA che. takSazilAno dharma

Page #88
57 5 ' - 23 NITE KITTS NITIN AILE 21 buddha (gadhA2) 22 buddhamAtaka (gadhA2) 23 suzobhana (gadhAra) ra4 zukaDA (gadhAra)

Page #89
- bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA rAjikA stUpa tenA atyAranA svarUpamAM kuHNa samayano che. A stUpanI evI para Thera Thera mUkelA gokho buddha ane bodhisonAM cUnAnAM (stucco) zilpathI vibhUSita karelA che. tatte bahAine stUpa pezAvara najIka Avela che. stUpanA prAMgaNanI dIvAlemAM Thera Thera gavAkSa racI temAM buddhAdi devadevIonAM zilpa ane jAtakakathAonAM dazyo kotarelAM che. sleTiyA raMganA pitadAra pASANamAMthI banAvelAM A zailInAM asaMkhya zilpA gaMdhAranA pradezomAMthI maLe che. bauddha dharmane viSaya karatI zailI ane kauzalanI daSTie gaMdhAranI kalAzailI, paradeza pAsethI uchInAM lIdhelAM AkArakSamatAnAM dhoraNe svIkAratI hovA chatAM tenuM vastu to bhAratIya ja rahyuM che. bhagavAna buddhanAM A ke pUrva bhavanAM aneka dRzyo ane jAtakamAlAnI kathAo teno mukhya viSaya che. A kalA zailImAM sAmAnya mAnavamUrtinuM nirmANa jUkapaNe thayuM che. pratimAvidhAnanI dRSTie gaMdhAranA buddha bhAratIya praNAlikAne anusare che. Ama chatAM AkAra sauSThava paratve te grIko-romana saMpradAyanA keI deva jevuM svarUpa dhAraNa kare che. tenA mukhanA ghATa ane bhAva bhAratIya mAnasane aparicita lAge che. mukha para mUcha ane mAthe pAghaDI jevA ziroveSTanathI zobhatI mUrti kayAreka romana deva epelo jevI jaNAya che. AthI bhAratIya mAnasanI deva-viSayaka kalpanAnA dhoraNane anurUpa A ghATa saMtoSa ApI zake tema nathI. te ja rIte temanA jIvanaprasaMgonA AlekhanamAM pUrepUrI jhINavaTa ane civaTa rakhAI hovA chatAM teno AvirbhAva bhAratIya mAnasane AkarSaka nIvaDI zakayo nathI. bhArahata, sAMcI, bodhagayA, ane amarAvatInAM A prakAranAM zilpa AgaLa A zilpo jhAMkhAM lAge che. jaliyAnA stUpa para buddha, bodhisatve, upAsako, vikaTayakSa (je bhAraputraka ke bhAravAhI devonI mudrAmAM aMkita thayela che.), anucara ane strI-mUrtio kotarelI jovAmAM Ave che. byuTaDherI nAmanA sthaLethI buddhamUrti ane aneka zilApaTo maLyA che. te para dIpakarajAtaka, mahAbhiniSkramaNa, buddha ane bodhisatvo vagere kotarelAM che. dIpaMkarajAtaka A pradezamAM ghaNI priya kathA hatI. AmAM sumedha nAmanA eka yuvake potAnA keza bichAvI tathA pAMca kamala puSpo arpita karI buddhanuM svAgata karyAnI kathA che. cArasaddAnI uttare skArADherImAM aneka avazeSa sAthe hAritI stUpa parathI 399 varSa aMkita karela buddhanI eka pratimA maLI che. hAritI stUpanI pUrve saharI bahAlamAM

Page #90
56 anusauya kAlIna zilpakalA eka stUpa maLyA che. tenA para buddha tathA bodhisattvonI aneka mUrti e kArinthiyana zailInA sta MbhAthI vibhUSita gavAkSomAM ApelI che. A ja sthaLethI buddhamUrti enA eka moTo saMgraha paNa prApta thayA che jemAM buddha ane bodhisattvAnA aneka jIvanaprasaMgA janma, sambAdhi, dha cakrapravatana, parinirvANa, asita dvArA bhaviSyakathana, dIpakara jAtaka, kazyapa-dharma parivartana, na lagiri hasti para vijaya vage2e dRzyo tathA kubera, hAritI vagere mUrti enA meATo saMgraha che. hA takhtebahAInA stUpane saMlagna vihAra che. A vihAranI dIvAlA para buddha ane bAdhisatttAnI mahAkAya mUrtio tathA temanAM jIvanadazyo ane kubera-hAritInA zilApaTTa kotarelA che. zAha-jI-kI-DherI nAmanA sthaLa paranA stUpanA garbhamAMthI maLelI dhAtuma jUSAnA DhAMkaNa para madhyamAM padmAsanastha AbhAmaMDaLamaMDita buddhanI jamaNI bAjue indra ane DAbI bAjue brahmAnAM aMjila mudrAmAM UbhelA zilpA che. svayaM DhAMkaNA para khIlelA kamalanI AkRti kotarelI che. DhAMkaNAnI UbhI kinAra para UDatA haMsAnI paMkita che. maMjUSAnI cAtarapha skaMdhA para puSpamAlAnuM vahana karatA yakSonAM zilpA che. ane puSpamAlA lacaka laI jayAM vaLAMka sAdhe che tyAM abhayamudrAmA~ beThela buddhanAM tathA temanI jamaNI tathA DAbI bAjue anukrame sUrya ane caMdranA zilpA che. sUryanI pAse ja kaniSkanI mUrti che. maMjUSA paranA lekhamAM kaniSka ane agizala nAmanA koIka grIka navakArmikanA ullekha che. pratimAzAstranI dRSTie gadhArakalAnI vizeSatA buddhanA jIvananI ghaTanAo, buddha ane bodhisattvAnI mUrtio, jAtakakathA grIka deva-devIonAM AlekhanA, vastusaMbaMdhI videzI vinyAsa, bhAratIya alaMkaraNeAmAM grIka ane IrAnI chApa vageremAM rahelI che. gaMdhArakalAmAM buddhanI jIvana ghaTanAo aMkita karatA zilApaTTonuM pramANa vizeSa che, jemAM 70 jeTalAM dRzyAmAM buddhanA samagra jIvana-prasaMgeA tathA jAtakakathAe aMkita karelAM che. A zilpAmAM svAbhAvika mAnavIya bhAvAnuM prakaTIkaraNa che. strI puruSanI prakaTatI bhAvAtrekatAnA kAraNe mAnavIya vyavahAranI te sajIva pratimUrti e banI jAya che. bodhisattvAmAM maitreya ane avaleAkitezvaranI mUrti A vizeSa che. buddhanI UbhI mUrti enuM sAmAnya kada 8'-8'' sudhInuM che. AvI ghaNI mUrtie pezAvara ane lAhoranAM myujhiyamAmAM surakSita che. temanuM sauSThavayukata mAMsala zarIra prabhAvazALI che. A badhI mUrtie sahI bahalAla ane takhtebahAIthI maLI bhA. prA. zi. 6

Page #91
bhAratIya prAcIna zi95halA che. emAM saharI bahalolanI mUrti gadhArakalAne uttama namUno che. A mUrti para (AkRti 21) senAnuM pANI caDhAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. mUrtinAM mahApramANa, saumyadarzana ane karUNAmayI dRSTi khAsa AkarSaka che. e te jonAra darzako ane upAsake para ghero prabhAva pADe che. gaMdhAra zailInI zilpa kalAne vinsenTa smitha, sara jahona mArzala vagere kalAmarmajJo bhAratIya prabhAvarahItanI svataMtra kalA tarIke svIkAre che, ethI viparIta hAvela, kumArasvAmI vagere vidvAno ane bhAratIya zilpakalAnI videzI prabhAvayukata eka zAkhA tarIke svIkAre che. sAdhAraNa rIte koI paNa kalAzailInA vikAsamAM kramika ghaTako jovA maLe che, paNa gaMdhAra kalAnI bAbatamAM Ama jovA maLatuM nathI. kAraNa, A pradezamAM elekajhAnDaranA samayathI grIka prabhAvavALI helanisTika kalAno pracAra thayo hato. enAM to sAthe bhAratIya tattvono samanvaya sAdhIne gaMdhArAnA zilpIoe abhinava zilponuM nirmANa karyuM. alabatta, bhAratIya kalAnI bhAvamayatA ke AdhyAtmika vyaMjanA ane grIka mUrtikalAnI vAstavikatAnuM saMyojana karavAmAM kalAkArane prayatna satutya hovA chatAM temAM ene pUrepUrI saphaLatA maLI jaNAtI nathI. A mUTinA kAraNe A zilpa sUkSma AdhyAtmika vyaMjanAo ane bhAva pragaTa karI zakayAM nathI. gaMdhAra zailInI siddhi navA vicAro ane paddhati tema ja navA baddhadevatAo dAkhala karavAmAM hatI. atyAra sudhI bauddha devatAo saMketarUpe AlekhAtA hatA. buddhanI navI mUrtio sAdhunA piSaka ane yogAsanamAM taiyAra karavAmAM AvI ane bodhisatve rAjakumAranA lebAsamAM zAkayumunine bALaka, rAjakumAra,sAdhu ane upadezaka tarIke batAvavAmAM AvyA. ahIMnAM badhAM zilpamAM bhagavAna buddhane mukhya pAtra banAveluM jaNAya che. grIka asara pradhAna hovA chatAM paNa gaMdhArazailIe bhAratIya praNAlI, tenI vezabhUSA, hAvabhAva, ane devadevatAonAM sAMketika cihanAmAM sAcavI rAkhI che. gaMdhAranA buddhanI mUrti epale jevI arthAt mRdu, mAMsala ane yuvAna caherAvALI che. bhAratIya saMketa jevA ke uSNISane kuzaLatAthI vAMkaDiyA vALanA gucchAthI batAvyA che. vyavasthita karacalIvALAM kapaDAMnI nIcethI spaSTapaNe dekhAto buddha bhagavAnane deha alamasta zarIravALo banAvelo jaNAya che. buddha ane bodhisanI AkRtione kyAreka moTI mUcho banAvelI che. AvI mUcho bhAratIya mUrtimAM jaNAtI nathI. bhAratIya mUrti zAstramAM devane mA vagaranA ane yuvAna banAvavAno Adeza che ne te anya bhAratIya zilpamAM yathArtha rIte paLAyelo jaNAya che. ahIM buddha janma ane

Page #92
5 : anumauya kAlIna zikalA sa parityAganI kathA pharI pharIne AlekhavAmAM AvI che, te tenI lokapriyatA batAve che. UpasAvIne karelAM zilpamAM buddhanI mAtA mAyAdevI eka vRkSanI nIce DALa pakaDIne UbhelI che. tene tenI bahena prajApatie Teko ApelA che ne bIjI strIo tenI tahenAtamAM hAjara che. tenI jamaNI bAjunA paDakhAmAMthI bALaka nIkaLatuM jaNAya che. IMdra bIjA devAnA sAnidhyamAM bALakane AvakAre che. sarvasaMgaparityAganA dazyamAM mahAbhiniSkramaNa pahelAM rAjakumAra palaMga upara peAtAnI U~"ghatI patnI yazodharAnI pAse ciMtAmagna beThelA jaNAya che. paricArikA ane gAyikA cAmara ane vAjiMtrA upara mAthuM TekavIne niMdrA letI jaNAya che. A dRzyanA aMtabhAgamAM rAjakumAra pAtAnA vizvAsu sevaka sAthe rAjamahelamAMthI gheADA upara besIne bahAra nIkaLe che. parinirvANa dRzyamAM du:khamagna ziSyo ane hAthamAM vajra dhAraNa karelA vajrapANi sAdhunI pAse natamastake vilApa kare che. keTalAMka zilpA nAnI nAnI takatIomAM kotarelAM che. AmAM samAjanA ekaeka bhAganA lAkonI yathAvata rajUAta che. lAkSaNika DhabanAM makAnA, vAhanA, rAcaracIlAM ane pALelAM pazuo vagere dazyomAM rajU karelAM che. sAthe sAthe te rojiMdA jIvananuM paNa dRzya bane che. gaMdhAra zailInA I.sa. pAMcamA saikAmAM aMta Avyo ane temAM chevaTanAM 300 va daramyAna taDake tapAvelI mATInI AkRtio ke mATInI pakavelI mUti e thavA lAgI. tenA upara cUnAnA DhoLa caDhAvavAmAM AvatA. gadhArakalAnI khAsiyata paththaranAM zilpane taiyAra karIne tenA upara eka pAtaLuM plAsTara karavAmAM AvatuM e che. tene raMgarogAna karIne prakAzita karIne zeAbhita karatA. tevI ja rIte mATInI AkRtione paNa zaNagAravAmAM AvatI. cUnA ane pakavelI mATImAMthI banAvavAmAM AvatAM mAthAM(mastako) khAsa karIne bIbAmAMthI banAvAtAM. AvAM keTalAMka bIbAMmAMthI banAvelAM mastako ucca prakAranA AlekhananA namUnA jevAM lAge che. A mastakAmAM jIvananuM joma ane vyakitatva jaNAya che. AmAM buddhanAM mastaka sarvottama che (juo. AkRti 22). aitihAsika dRSTie A zailInA sauthI agatyanA namUnA te buddhanI ardhamukulita cakSuvALI, smitayukata kamaLa upara birAjelI yogAsanamAM dhyAnastha mUrti, A mUrti samagra bauddha jagatamAM vikhyAta thayelI che. 7) mathurA zailI yamunA kAMThe AveluM mathurA I.sa. pUrve 2 jIthI I.sa.nI 5 mI sadI daramyAna bhAgavata bauddha temaja jaina dharmanuM mukhya kendra banyuM hatuM. A traNeya dharma-saMpradAyonA anu 3

Page #93
1 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA thAyIonA adamya dhArmika utsAhane paDagho temanI lApravRttiomAM paDelo jaNAya che. A pravRttimAMthI mathurAnI mahAna kalA-zailIne janma thayo. A zailIe zuddha bhAratIya prakAranAM zilponuM nirmANa karavAnI je praNAlIo pADI tene tatkAlamAM ane uttarakAlamAM bhAratIya zilpakalA para vyApaka prabhAva paDyo. e dRSTie bhAratIya zilpakalAnA itihAsamAM mathurAkalAnuM viziSTa sthAna raheluM che. mathurAmAM zuMga-kAva, kuSANa ane gupta kAla (A. I.sa. pUrve 200thI I.sa. 550) daramyAna saMkhyAbaMdha sthApatya ane zilpa thayAM. e kAlanA dhArmika kalAnA itihAsanI emAMthI kiMmatI mAhitI maLI rahe che. AmAM kuSANakAla khAsa karIne kaniSka, haviSka ane vAsudevane samaya (I.sa.nI 1lI-rajI sadI) mathurAklAno suvarNakALa gaNAya che. A sadIo daramyAna mathurAnA kalAsiddhioe garavAM pariNAma prApta karavAmAM ajoDa saphaLatA hAMsala karI. yakSa ane yakSiNI, nAga ane nAgaNIe, buddha ane bodhisattvo temaja tIrthakaronI UbhelI ane beThelI baMne prakAranI mUrtio, zivaliMga ane mAnuSaziva, viSNu, sUrya ane kArtikeya, saptamAtRkA, mahiSAsuramardinI, zrIlakSmI, sarasvatI, AryAvatI durgA vagerenAM lagabhaga 5000 aMzamUrta ane pUrNamUrta zilpa mathurAzailIne gaurava apAve evuM AdvitIya devavRMda race che. mathurA zailInAM zilponAM keTalAMka viziSTa lakSaNo A pramANe tAravI zakAya : 1) A zilpa sapheda chAMTavALA ravAdAra rAtA paththaramAMthI banelAM che. A paththaro najIkanI bharatapura ane sIkarInI khANomAMthI AvatA hatA. 2) prastuta kAlamAM, khAsa karIne kuSANa kAlamAM mUrti pUjAne vyApaka prasAra thatAM prAcIna sAMketika pratIkAtmakatAnuM sthAna mUrtividhAne lIdhuM. AthI sAMcI-bharaDuta vagere prAcIna sthAnanI kalAkRtiomAM jovA maLatI sUkSma pratIkAtmakatA ane sAMketikatAno mathurAkalAmAM abhAva varatAya che. 3) yakSo, nAgo vagerenI pUjA svarUpe pracalita prAcIna bhAratIya loka saMpradAyonuM bauddha, jaina ane bhAgavata upAsanA-svarUpa sAthe ekIkaraNa e mathurAkalAnuM vyAvartaka lakSaNa che. A bAbatamAM prAcIna ane tatkAlIna svIkRta dhoraNo abAdhitapaNe ekarasa thatAM jovA maLe che. mathurAmAM mauryakALa daramyAna lokakalA svarUpanI yakSapratimAo ghaDAtI hatI. emAMnA pArakhamanA yakSanI pratimAe zuMga-kuSANakalAnI buddha, bodhisatve, tIrthako, nAgo, viSNu, kArtikeya ane devatAonI pratimAonA nirmANa mATe Avazyaka tattvo pUrAM pADyAM. devone mAnavAkRtimAM abhivyakata karavA mATe pArakhamanA yakSanI pratimA(AkRti)mAMthI atizULa paNa kadAvara deha, UbhuM svarUpa,

Page #94
para anumauryakAlIna zilpalA be hAtha paikI eka abhayamudrAmAM ane bIjo keDe Tekavela uttarIya ane adhovastra, kAna, hAtha ane pahoMcAnA alaMkAro vagere tatve svIkArAyAM. zIdhra ane krAMtikAraka pheraphAro pAmatA jatA dhArmika vAtAvaraNane anurUpa thavAmAM mathurAnA kalAsiddhoe eTalI ja kuzaLatA batAvI. temAM eka bAju yakSa ane nAganuM mUrtividhAna paNa karatA rahyA ne bIjI bAju navAM valaNone laIne Avazyaka banatAM tattvonA anusaMdhAnamAM vikAsonmukha pheraphAro paNa lAvatA rahyA. A bAbata mathurAnI koI yakSa, bodhisatva ane viSNunI mUrtinI paraspara tulanA karavAthI tarata spaSTa thaze. ghaNA dharma-saMpradAyanAM vikasatAM valaNane anurUpa ane badalAtA saMjogomAM kAma karyuM hovA chatAM teo paraMparAgata vaividhya, ane susthApita niyamone jALavIne pitAnuM maulikapaNe dAkhavavAmAM saphaLa thayA te emanI viziSTa siddhi che. ) mUrtizilpanA ghaDataramAM mathurAnA kalAkAronuM dhyAna rUpanirmANa ane AMtarabhAva vyakata karavAnI bAbatamAM baMne vacce samanvaya sAdhavA tarapha raheluM jaNAya che. AthI A zilpa AMkha ane manane prasanna karanArAM banyAM che. 5) agAu aMzamUrta zilponuM bAhulya pravartatuM hatuM. kuSANakAlathI mathurAmAM pUrNabhUtaM zilpanuM bAhulya pravartatuM jovA maLe che. mUrtizilpomAM zuMgAlamAM jovA maLatuM capaTApaNuM ahIM jaNAtuM nathI. prastuta kAlanAM badhAM zilpa ghanagAtra, caturasa ane moTA kadane laIne judAM tarI Ave che. emAM pRSThAvalaMbanano abhAva che. muMDita mastaka, lalATe UrNA, mUchono abhAva, vallI (karacalI) yukata vastra, jamaNA khabhe upavastra dhAraNa nahIM karavuM, jamaNo hAtha ghaNuM karIne abhayamudrAmAM rAkho, UbhI mUrtimAM DAbo hAtha saMghATI pakaDelo ane beThI mUrtimAM ene Uru para avalaMbita rAkhavo. vagere mathurAnI buddha mUrtionAM viziSTa lakSaNo che. A mUrtio padmAsana para nahIM paNa siMhAsana para jovA maLe che. UbhI mUrtionA paga pAse siMhanI AkRti kaMDArelI hoya che. mUrtionAM prabhAmaMDaLa analaMkRta hoya che, jo ke enI kora para vRttAkAra cihana dRSTigocara thAya che. 6) mUrtiomAM mathurAnA zilpIoe kevaLa sanmukha darzanano Agraha na rAkhatAM pArzvagata ane puSkagata darzanane apanAvI enA rUpavidhAnamAM surekha mudrAo ane vividha aMgabhaMgIone sthAna ApyuM. stUpanAM vedikA-staMbho paranAM aMzamUrta nArIzilpanAM rUpAMkane enA spaSTa dRSTAMtarUpa che. e vedikA-staMbhonAM zilpamAM prakRti ane manuSya jIvananA sauMdaryane pArakhIne ene manorama mUrta svarUpa ApavAmAM mathurAnA kalAkAroe dAkhavelI ajoDa siddhi anyatra durlabha che. 7) mathurAnA kalAkAroe puSpa, pazu-pakSI vagerenAM alaMkaraNomAM bahudhA prAcIna paripATI apanAvI paNa temAM AkArakSamatA ane lAlitya lAvavAmAM pitAnI maulikatA darzAvI. vaLI emaNe keTalAMka

Page #95
bhAratIya prAcIna zilapakalA videzI alaMkaraNa, khAsa karIne helenisTika suzobhana-ghaTako apanAvyAM. bhIMta ke vADa para caDatA pupita velAo, akenthasa (aNIyALAM parNovALo eka choDa), baccanaliyana (Bacchanalian)dazyo ke jemAMthI bhAratIyakaraNa pAmela coLI jevA peTavALA kuberane janma thayo, khUba moTI puSpamALAo hAthamAM dhAraNa karI UbhelA nAnA kadanA yakSo (Erotes), herAkilasa ane nImiyAno siMha jIyasa (Zeus)nA gurUDa dvArA genImIDI (Ganymede)nuM apaharaNa vagerene mathurAkalAmAM apanAvavAmAM AvyAM. A badhAM suzobhana-ghaTako klAkAroe potAnI kalAsujha vaDe yatheccha rIte prayojelAM dRSTigocara thAya che. mathurAnA zilpanuM bauddha, jaina ane brAhmaNa dharmanA saMdarbhamAM vagIkaraNa karI emane abhyAsa karavo ahIM abhipreta che. bauddha zi mathurAmAMthI buddha, bodhisatva ane bauddha dharma sAthe saMkaLAyelA keTalAka devatAo ane upAsakonAM mUrtizilpa maLyAM che. AmAM buddhanI mUrtio viziSTa mahattva dharAve che. buddhanI mUrtine mAnuSI AviSkAra kuSANakAlanA AraMbhamAM lagabhaga pahelI sadIthI thayo. purAvatukIya purAvAo parathI jaNAya che ke buddhanI bodhisatva svarUpanI prathama pratimA kaniSkanA rAjyakAlanA trIjA varSe mathurAnA zilpIoe pArakhamanA pakSanA jevI jUnI Dhabe teyAra karelI. zuMgakAlamAM sAMcI, bharahuta, bodhagayA vagere sthAnamAM ane mathurAmAMthI prApta thayela prAcIna avazeSomAM buddhane pAdukA, boddhivRkSa, bodhimaMca, dharmacakra, sUpa vagere pratIko dvArA rajU karavAmAM AvatA hatA te prathA mathurAmAM kuSANakAlathI baMdha thaI. mathurAmAM sau prathama bauddha mUrtimAM buddhanuM Alekhana rAjakumAranA lebAsamAM zirovesTana ane alaMkAra sahita karavAmAM AvyuM. buddhanuM AvuM buddhAvasthA pahelAnuM svarUpa bodhisatva nAme oLakhAtuM. bIjuM svarUpa buddhane badhijJAna prApta thayA pachInuM karavAmAM AvatuM. A svarUpamAM buddhane tapalIna saMnyAsInA svarUpamAM darzAvavAmAM AvyA. A svarUpamAM mahApuruSone yogya lakSaNo jevAM ke uSNISa, UNa, lAMbA kAna, jAlAMgulI, hatheLI ane paganAM taLiyAMmAM cakranAM cihana vagere aMkita karavAmAM AvyAM. ahIM buddhanI mUrti pahelAM gaMdhAramAM ghaDAI ke mathurAmAM te carcA prastuta che. vinsenTa smitha, mArzala vagere vidvAne bauddha dharmamAM mUrtipUjAno pracAra karavAnuM koya gaMdhAranA kalAkArone Ape che. temane mate sahuthI pahelI bauddha-pratimA gaMdhAramAM

Page #96
52 6 [G ) 25 * * ja cha8k &8Rps 39- pd 0 1 48 8EET3 rd. S uja8. je 22 Sk . nA N 25 MAA LOGI ) " 25 bodhisava (sAranAtha). 27 AyAgapaTTa (mathurA) 26 buddha (kaTara) 28 ekamukha zivaliMga (mathurA)

Page #97
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA banI hatI. paNa havela, kumArasvAmI, vAsudevazaraNa agravAla jevA vidvAne ene virodha kare che. temane mate 1) devatAnI mUrti banAvI enI pUjA karavAnI kalpanA vizuddha bhAratIya che. bhAratamAM mUrtipUjA I.sa. pUrve aneka zatAbdIo pahelAM zarU thaI hovAnAM pramANa upalabdha che. 2) mauryakALamAM ane te pachI banelI yakSayakSiNInI pratimAo bhAratamAM mUrti-nirmANakalAnI svadezI paraMparAnA astitvanA purAvA rUpa che. A baMne bAbate parathI gaMdhAra-kalAnA udbhava pahelAM bhAratamAM mUrtipUjAno siddhAMta ane mUrtio bane jJAta hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. vaLI 3) gaMdhArana kalAkendra tarIke vikAsa thayo e pahelAM mathurA kalAkendra banI cUkayuM hatuM ne mathurAnI zailI gaMdhAranI zailI karatAM ghaNI bAbatamAM bhinna che. a) gaMdhAramAM buddhanI pratimAo kALA sleTiyA paththaranI, pIselA cUnAnI ane mATInI (pakavelI) banelI hatI te mathurAnI badhI mUrtio sapheda chAMTavALA lAla ravAdAra paththaramAMthI banAvelI hatI. A) gaMdhAramAM pIselA cUnAnI ane mATInI pakavelI mUrtione senerI raMge raMgavAmAM AvatI, jyAre mathurAnI mUrti e sAdI rakhAtI. i) gaMdhAranI mUrtiomAM deha-sauSThava batAvavA tarapha dhyAna apAtuM, jyAre mathurAnI mUrti emAM AMtarika bhAvonI abhivyakita para dhyAna kendrita rahetuM. mathurAnI mUrtio vAstavamAM yakSanI prAcIna mUrtione AdhAre ghaDAyelI hovAnuM jaNAya che. I) mathurAnI mUrtimAM buddhanA mukhane pharatuM prabhAmaMDaLa jovA maLe che. A vivecana parathI gaMdhAra ane mathurAmAM buddha-pratimAonA nirmANanI paraMparAno prAraMbha svatatrapaNe thayo hovAnuM phalita thAya che. moTA bhAganA vidvAne have A matane svIkAratA thayA che. mathurAmAM buddhanI mUrti kevI rIte ghaDAI te bAbatamAM mathurA-kalAnA marmajJa Do. vAsudevazaraNa agravAlanuM nirIkSaNa noMdhapAtra che. buddhanI pratIkapUjAne mAnuSasvarUpanI pUjAmAM pheravI nAkhavAnuM kArya pAra pADIne mathurAnA kalAsiddhoe bhAratIya kalAmAM eka sImAvata parivartana AvyuM. A pheraphAre kevaLa bhAratamAM ja nahIM eziyAnA ghaNA dezonAM vikasita kalA svarUponA bhAvi vikAsa para asara karI. isavIsananA AraMbha pahelAMnI keTalIka sadIothI mathurAnA zilpIo pAse mAnuSasvarUpanA devatAonI mUrtio banAvavAnI spaSTa rUparekhA hatI. tene mahAvaro prAcIna yakSapratimAo, baLarAma (jAnasurI gAmethI maLela A. I.sa. pUrve 2 jI sadInI pratimA) ane vRSNivIranI keTalIka pratimAo (mArAnA eka maMdiramAMthI maLI AvI che ane merA-kUpalekhe enI prAcInatA pramANita karI che e) parathI jaNAI Ave che. UbhuM svarUpa, be hAtha kema rAkhavA te aMgenI paddhati, vezabhUSA, mukha paranA bhAva vyakata

Page #98
pa anumauryakAlIna zilpakalA karavAnI paddhati vagere bAbate hAthavagI hatI ane buddha temaja bodhisatvanI UbhI mUrti banAvavA mATe ene apanAvI levAya evI saraLa hatI. vaLI buddhanI mUrtinI pUrNatA mATe Avazyaka bIjAM lakSaNo mathurAnA dhArmika vAtAvaraNa ane pracalita kalA pratIkomAMthI prApta karI zakAya ema hatAM. uNISa, UrNA, abhayamudrA ane padmAsana yogI paraMparAmAMthI levAmAM AvyAM. cAmaradhArI anucara, chatra, siMhAsana ane puSpavRSTi karatI divya AkRtio cakravatInA mUrtividhAnamAMthI levAmAM AvyAM. yogI ane cakravatI tattvonuM buddhipUrvakanuM ekIkaraNa karavAthI buddha-bodhisattvanI - navIna mUrtinuM nirmANa thayuM. cAra siMhonI pITha para AdhArita dharmacakra mauryakAlathI bauddha dharmanA eka viziSTa pratIka tarIke prasiddha hatuM, tene navIna pratimAmAM pITha para sthApavAmAM AvyuM. IrAnI devatAonI pAchaLa karavAmAM AvatA tejacakra ke prabhAmaMDaLane buddhanI mUrtimAM apanAvI levAyuM. A mUrtividhAna koI ekAda divasanA prayatnanuM pariNAma saMbhavI zake nahi. koI game tevI pratibhA dharAvate ekaladokala zilpI paNa koI viziSTa grAhakanI vinaMtInA javAbamAM tarata ja besI jAya ane -koI dhArmika mUrtinA yathArtha nizcita niyamo ghaDI kADhe e zakaya nahotuM. vastuta: samagra samudAyanI aneka varSonI bhakitabhAvanAbharI aMta:spharaNAthI ja mUrtividhAna thAya che. mathurAnA dhArmika vAtAvaraNanuM vastulakSI pRthakkaraNa karatAM jaNAya che ke buddhanI mUrtine mAnuSa-svarUpa ApavA mATe Avazyaka lakSaNo to mathurAmAM ghaNe vahelethI pracalita hatAM ane e jaina tathA brAhmaNa mUrtione paNa lAgu pADavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. eTale rAja ke bauddha saMgha ke baMnenA saMyukata nirNayathI buddhane mAnuSa svarUpe vyakata karavA paranAM svayaM dhAraNa karelAM niyaMtraNa ApoApa UThI jatAM buddhanI mUrti ghaDavAnAM dvAra khUlI gayAM ne e lakSaNo buddhanI mUrtine lAgu paDAyAM. A bAbata kuSANanareza kaniSkanA rAjyakAlanA trIjA varSamAM ghaDAyela bhikSubala(kRta) bodhisattvamUrti parathI sUcita thAya che. A bhavya kadanuM eka moTA kadanI chatrI dharAvatuM bAvaluM sAranAthanA eka bhavya thAMbhalA para UbhuM che. A bAvaluM (AkRti 25) spaSTata: mathurAmAM ane saMbhavata: mukhya dharmAdhikArI bhikSubalanI dekharekha ane doravaNI nIce taiyAra thayeluM jaNAya che. tethI enI sAthe bilanuM nAma saMkaLAyeluM che. mahAyAna saMpradAyanA upAsakonI mUrtio mATenI dinapratidina vadhatI jatI mAMganA saMdarbhamAM mathurAnA kalAsiddhoe tyAMnA dharmAcAryonI doravaNI nIce buddhanI ane bodhisatvonI vaividhyapUrNa mUrti banAvavAmAM apUrva kauzala dAkhavyuM. Ama buddha-pratimA e mathurAnA mahAna zilpIonuM mULabhUta pradAna hovAnuM jaNAya che. eTaluM ja nahi, bhAgavata, pAzupata, jaina, saira, zAkata vagere kALabaLe pracalita

Page #99
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalAthatA saMpradAyonA devatAonA mUrtividhAnanA mULabhUta niyamonA ghaDavaiyA hovAnuM mAna paNa emane phALe jAya che. zrI agravAlane mate buddhanI beThelI mUrtio ane buddhanA jIvanadayA kaMDAravAmAM gaMdhArano mathurAkalA para Acho prabhAva paDelo jovA maLe che. mathurA ane takSazilAmAMthI maLelA ghaNA abhilekho parathI jaNAya che ke sarvAstivAdI AcAryonI doravaNI nIce cAlatI samAna dhArmika caLavaLanAM e baMne samAna kendra hatAM. vaLI baMne para eka (kuSANa) rAjavaMzane amala pravartato hato. AthI Avo prabhAva sahaja che. A baMne kendromAM dharma ane kalA pratispadhI rUpe nahi paNa maitrIpUrNa rIte pAgaryA hatAM. pariNAme baMne paripakavAvasthAe pahoMcyAM. mathurA ane gaMdhArakSAnI tulanA karatAM zrI agravAla lakhe che ke, "klAnI dRSTie mathurA kalAmAM je zrI ane saundarya che, je utkRSTa zobhA che, teno gaMdhAkRtiomAM nitAnta abhAva varatAya che. gaMdhArakalA bhAratIya kalAnA AtmAne vyakata karatI nathI. mathurAnI sasmitavadanA kuSANakAlIna bodhisattvanI mUrti (mathurA saMgrahAlaya e. 1)nI tulanAmAM gaMdhAranI eka paNa mUrti AvI zake tema nathI. mathurAnI vedikAo paranI zAlabhaMjikAonI vividha mUrtio gaMdhArakalAnI A prakAranI mUrtio karatAM ghaNI suMdara ane AkarSaka che. kalAnI pUrNatA temAM spaSTa dekhA de che, jyAre gaMdhAranI mUrtio zikhAunA hAthe ghaDAI hoya tema spaSTa bhAse che. vividhatA, maulikatA ane rUpavidhAnanI dRSTie mathurA e kuberane dhanabhaMDAra che, to gaMdhAra raMkanI mUDI che. mathurAnA zilpa sauMdaryane potAnI vizeSatA che. sAMcI-bharaDutanI prAcIna zAlabhaMjikAonI mUrtiomAM je zobhAne amita bhaMDAra che, zRMgArapradhAna lIlAonAM je sucAru rekhAMkano che te mathurAnI strI-mUrtiomAM pariSkRta thaI navodita svarUpe prakaTa thAya che. Ama mathurAnI kuSANa zilpakalA mukhyatve bhAratIya che." mathurAmAMthI kuSANakAlanI prApta buddha mUrtiomAM 1) pUrA manuSyakadanI ke ethI moTA kadanI vizALakAya UbhI ane 2) padmAsana vALIne beThelI ema be prakAre jovA maLe che. pahelA prakAranI mUrtio pArakhamanA yakSane maLatI Ave che. bIjA prakAranI mUrtinA sarasa namUnA kaTarA ane anyoramAMthI maLI AvyA che. kaTarAnI mUrti (AkRti 26)mAM bodhivRkSa nIce padmAsana vALIne buddha beThelA che. temane jamaNo hAtha abhayamudrAmAM ane DAbo Uru para Tekavelo che. hatheLI ane paganA taLiyAmAM mahApuruSanA lakSaNarUpa dharmacakra ane triratnanAM cihana aMkita che. lalATamAM be bhramaro vacce UNa karI che. mastaka para kapardi che. mastakane pharatuM tejacakra kareluM che ne enI kinArane cApAkAra rekhAothI sajAvelI che. nIcenA bhAgamAM paherelI chetIne sUtrathI bAMdhI che. uparanA bhAgamAM paherela saMghATIne valIyukata cheDo DAbA khabhA.

Page #100
5 : anusauya kAlIna zilpakalA parathI pasAra thAya che. temanI baMne bAju eka eka cAmaradhArI puruSa Ubhela che. temanI vezabhUSA tatkAlIna gRhapati jevI che. upara baMne khUNAmAM AkAzagAmI devA buddha para puSpavRSTi karI rahyA che. buddhanA siMhAsana para nIcenA bhAgamAM madhyamAM sanmukha jotA eka ane paraspara viruddha dizAmAM jotA bIjA be maLIne kula traNa siMhA kaMDAryA che. anyoranI mUrti Ane ghaNe aMze maLatI Ave che. emAM mastaka sahitanA uparanA bhAga tUTI gayA che. kaTarAnI mUrtine, buddhanI mUrtinAM lakSaNA dharAvatI hovA chatAM, nIcenI pATalI paranA lekhamAM bodhisattvanI pratimA kahevAmAM AvI che. mathurAmAMthI sAta mAnuSI buddho paikI kAzyapa buddhanI khaMDita mUrti maLI AvI che. e UbhI mUti tatkAlIna bodhisattva mRtrayanI mUrti ene maLatI Ave che. bauddha paraMparAmAM caitraya have pachI thanArA AThamA mAnuSI buddha che. temanI mUrti emAM vezabhUSA ane sajAvaTa tatkAlIna bhadresamAjanA gRhastha jevI che. maitreyanA DAbA hAthamAM amRtakalaza ane jamaNe hAtha abhaya mudrAmAM heAya che. mathurAmAMthI kuSANakAlanA be bauddha stUpAnA avazeSa maLI AvyA che. A rUpAnA ghATa, emanAM tAraNA ane vedikA, bharahuta ane sAMcInI sarakhAmaNImAM kadamAM nAnAM che. vedikAnA staMbhA ane sUcio para vividha manahara zilpasuzAbhanA kaMDArelAM che. keTalAka staMbhonI kinAra aSTakoNAkRtimAM kotarelI che ne enA agra ane pRSThabhAge suMdara kamalAkRtie karelI che. gaMdhAranI jema mathurAmAM paNa bhagavAna buddhanA jIvananI ghaTanAo kaMDArAyelI jovA maLe che. emAM cAra mukhya ghaTanAo 1) janma, 2) sambAdhi, (3) dharmacakrapravartana ane 4) mahAparinirvANa aMkita karavA uparAMta traNa gauNa ghaTanAe 1) indrane bhagavAna buddhanAM darzana, (2) buddhanuM yatriMza svargamAM jaI mAtAne jJAna ApI pAchA AvavuM ane 3) lAkapAlAnuM buddhane bhikSApAtra-arpaNa paNa kaMDAra pAmI che. anya zilpAmAM uphUlla kamaLamAM eka jagyAe gajArohI be puruSo ane bIjI jagyAe suMdara strImastaka jovA maLe che. emAM strInAM ziroveSTana ane kezakalApa AkarSaka che. jAtakathAnA eka dRzyamAM parNazAlAnI sanmukha eka muni emanI sAme ardhacaMdrAkAre beThelAM sApa, haraNa, kAgaDo ane kabUtarane anukrame krodhathI, bhayathI, lAbhathI ane kAmathI dUra rahevAnA upadeza ApI rahyA che. A dRzyanI upara nRtya karatI zAlabhaMjikAnuM zilpa kaMDAreluM che. eka staMbha para eka bhikSu chatra oDhIne beTho che. tenI uparanA bhAgamAM vAnaronA AturAlaya (IspitAla)mAM eka cikitsaka vAnaro

Page #101
bhAratIya prANIne zilpakalA saLI vaDe rogI vAMdarAonI AMkhamAM davA lagAvI rahyo che. jAtako uparAMta mahAbhAratanI paNa koI koI kathA vedikAstaMbha para aMkita thaI che. nidharmanAM zi mathurA bauddha dharmanI jema jaina dharmanuM paNa kendra hatuM. mathurAmAMthI eka zuMgakAlIna ane eka kuSANakAlIna ema be jaina stUpanA avazeSo maLI AvyA che. A jaina stupa racanA paratve bauddha stUpe jevA hatA. stUpanI cAreya tarapha tIrthakaronI mUrtio coDelI hatI. vaLI bIjI paNa vividha mUrtio ane zAlabhaMjikAonAM suzobhana-zilpa emanA para mUkavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. hAla A badhA avaze lakhanI myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta che. prastutakAlanAM jaina zilpamAM tIrthakaronI pratimAo ane AyAgapaTTo noMdhapAtra che. "kaMkAlI TIlAmAMthI maLela tIrtha kara pratimAo kAusagga mudrAmAM UbhelI, padmAsanamAM beThelI, sarvatobhadra sthitimAM UbhelI, caumukhI ane sarvatobhadra sthitimAM beThelI jovA maLe che. pahelA ane trIjA prakAranI UbhelI pratimAo digambara avasthAmAM ne emanA hAtha latAhartasthitimAM che. beThI mUrtimAM padmAsanastha baMne hAtha yogamudrAmAM che. tIrthakaronI A kuSANakAlIna pratimAo para uttarakAlamAM jovA maLe che evAM koI lAMchana (oLakha mATe viziSTa cihano jovA maLatAM nathI, paNa chAtI para zrIvatsanuM cihana ane mastakanI pAchaLa prabhAmaMDaLa kareluM che. zrIvatsanA kAraNe A mUrtio buddhanI mUrtithI judI paDI Ave che. A kAlanI upalabdha pratimAo paikI kSabhadeva, 7mA tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha, 23 mA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ane 24 mA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmInI pratimAo khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. AmAM kSabhadeva(AdinAtha)nA skaMdhabhAga para vALanI laTo ane pArzvanAthanA mastakanA pAchalA bhAgamAM nAgaphaNAnuM chatra jovA maLe che. mathurAmAMthI maLela AyogapaTTo jainakalAmAM viziSTa bhAta pADe che. kalAnI dRSTie e atyaMta suMdara ane darzana mAtrathI netra ane cittane prasanna karanArA che. AyAgapaTTa eTale "AryakapaTTa", arthAt pUjA mATe sthApelo zilpapaTTa. AyAgapaTTomAM pratIka ane pratimAno samanvaya thayelo jovA maLe che. A paTTo goLa ke corasazilAmAM aMzamUrtasvarUpe kaMDArelA che. emAM madhyamAM tIrthaMkaranI beThelI AkRti kaMDArI pharatAM jaina paraMparAmAM pracalita mahAsvastika, maMgalakuMbha, cakra, triratna, zrIvatsa, mInamithuna vagere pratIka cihna kaMDAravAmAM AvatAM. AvA AyAgapaTTo stUpanA prAMgaNamAM UMcI pITha para sthApavAmAM AvatA. mathurAmAMthI maLelA keTalAka AyAgapaTTo tyAMnA abhilekha parathI nartakI ke gaNikAe sthApelA hovAnuM jaNAya che.

Page #102
pa: anumauryakAlIna zilpakalA klAnI dRSTie keTalAka AyAgapaTTo vizeSa dhyAna kheMce che. eka paTTamAM cAra maMgalAdi cinI baMne bAjue cakrAMkita tathA gajAMkita dhvajastaMbha kotarelA che. eka paTTamAM triratnonI madhyamAM padmAsanastha tIrthaMkaranuM zilpa mUrta karyuM che. A paTTa "ahaMtapaTTa" ke "tIrthaMkara-paTTa' nAme oLakhAya che. eka cakrapaTTamAM 16 ArAvALA dharmacakrane pharatAM traNa maMDalo karelAM che, jemAM anukrame 16 naMdIpada, 8 dikakumArIo ane seMkaDo puSpathI guMthelI paghamALA kaMDArI che. paTTanA bahAranA khUNAmAM cAra maheraga AkRtio guhaka ke kiMkara mudrAmAM e cakrane uThAvI rahI che. mALAnI cAre tarapha karelA cokaThAmAM zrIvatsa, triratna vagere dhArmika cihana che ne emanI pUjA ardha-sapakSa-siMhanuM zarIra dharAvatAM vyAla strI-puruSo karI rahyAM che. svastika-paTTa(AkRti 27)mAM madhyamAM mahAsvastikanuM cihana baneluM che. mahAsvastikanI aMdaranA maMDala vacce chatradhArI tIrthaMkaranI padmAsanastha mUrti che. svastikanI cAra bhujAomAM anukrame svastika, vaijayantI, mInayugala ane zrIvatsanAM cihna che. svastikanI bahAranA maMDalamAM vedikAthI AvRtta bodhivRkSa, stUpa, eka aspaSTa vastu.. ane 16 vidyAdharayugalothI pUjAtI tIrthaMkara mUrti A cAra cihno kaMDArelAM che. bahAranA cAra khUNAmAM kiMkara mudrAmAM UbhelA cAra mahAraga cakrane mastaka para dhAraNa karatA darzAvyA che. tIrthakaronI mUrtio ane AyAgapaTTo uparAMta AryAvatI ane sarasvatInI mUrtio ane naigameza zilApaTTa paNa maLela che. AryAvatInI mUrtimAM devInI eka bAjue cAmaradhAriNI ane bIjI bAjue chatradhAriNI jovA maLe che. dvibhuja sarasvatIne jamaNo hAtha abhayamudrAmAM che ne DAbA hAtha vaDe emaNe pustaka dhAraNa karyuM che. naigameza kArtikeya parivArano aMgabhUta devatA che ne e bAla janmane adhiSThAtA deva manAya che. A traNeya devatAonI pratimAo jainakalAnI maulika bheTa gaNAya che. brAhmaNa dharmanAM zipa mathurAkalAnuM brAhmaNadharma saMbaMdhI mUrti-nirmANa paNa utkRSTa che. mathurA ane tenI AjubAjunA aDhIse mAilanA gherAvAmAM bhAgavata saMpradAyano bhAre prabhAva hato. mathurAmAM bhagavAna vAsudevanuM eka maMdira hatuM. mathurA pAsenA morA gAmamAM I.sa. pUrve 1 lI sadInuM eka prAcIna maMdira hatuM, jemAM bhAgavata saMpradAyanA vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, anirUddha vagere pAMca vIra purUSonI mUrti sthApita karelI hatI. vAliyara pAsenA vidizA (besanagara)mAM vAsudevane uttama prAsAda hovAnuM lekha dvArA nizcita thayuM che. cittoDa pAsenI nagarI(mAdhyamikA)mAM saMkarSaNa ane

Page #103
ka bhAratIya prANIne zikSA vAsudevanAM maMdiro hatAM. bhAgavata heliyodore vAsudevabhakitathI prerAIne vidizAmAM gurUDastaMbha sthApyo hato. purAtattvanI dRSTie I.sa.nI pahelI zatAbdIthI eTale ke lagabhaga kuSANakALanA prAraMbhathI brAhmaNa dharma saMbaMdhI mukhya devadevIo brahmA, viSNu, kRSNa, balarAma, ziva, ardhanArIzvara, ziva-pArvatI, kArtikeya, gaNapati, sUrya, indra, kAmadeva, kubera, garUDa, Uga-nAgaNa, sarasvatI, lakSmI, siMhavAhinI durgA, mahiSAsuramardinI, saptamAtRkA vagerenI mUrtio banavA lAgI hatI. uparyuMkata kuSANakAlanI mUrti prAthamika avasthAnI che. pariNAme viSaNu, indra, kArtikeya, balarAma vagerenI mUrtionA ghATa bahudhA badhisone maLatA che. tyArabAda dhIme dhIme pratyeka mUrtie potAnuM svataMtra svarUpa prApta karavA mAMDayuM ne lagabhaga traNaso varSanA samaya daramyAna mUrtio vaccenA - pArasparika rUpabheda spaSTa svarUpe vyakata thavA mAMDayA. guptakAlamAM temaNe pUrNa rUpakSamatA prApta karI ane ema vaividhya vadhyuM. harihara, trivikama, nRsiMha, varAha, zivaliMga, piMgala, daMDa, navagraha, gaMgA, yamunA vagerenAM zilpa AvirbhAva pAmyAM. A paikI keTalAka devatAonAM mUrtizilpa vizeSa ullekhanIya che. mathurA saMgrahAlayamAM brahmAnI kuSANakAlIna pratimA surakSita che. caturmukha - brahmAne mastaka para moTo jaTAjUTa, peTa sudhI pahoMcatI lAMbI dADhI ane gaNapati jevuM moTuM udara che. devanA pAchaLanA bhAgamAM azokavRkSa ane enAM parNo aMkita . thayAM che. mathurAmAMthI A uparAMta trimukha-brahmAnI mUrtio paNa maLI che. mathurA bhAgavata saMpradAyanuM mukhya kendra hovAthI emAM viSNu ane vAsudevanI pratimAone viziSTa sthAna prApta thayuM che. kuSANakAlamAM ahIM taiyAra thayelI viSNupratimAomAM mastaka para mukuTa dehapara AbhUSaNa ane nIce dhotI paherela jovA maLe : che. caturbhuja viSNunA hAthamAM anukrame abhayamudrA gadA, cakra ane amRtakuMbha dhAraNa thayAM che. amRtakuMbhavALo hAtha kaTayavalaMbita che. viSaNunI aSTabhujAvALI pratimAo paNa maLI che. keTalIka pratimAomAM caturbhuja viSNunI DAbI bAjue lakSmI ane baMnenI vacce nAnA kadamAM garuDanuM aMkana kareluM che. mathurAmAMthI zeSazAyI viSNunI suMdara ane bhAvavAhI pratimA maLI AvI che. samudramAM zeSanAganI zaiyA karIne sUtelA viSaSNunI nAbhimAMthI kamaLa pragaTeluM batAvyuM che. kuSANakAlamAM kRSNa viAsudevanI jIvanalIlAnA prasaMge lokapriya banyA hovAnuM jaNAya che. mathurAmAMthI kRSNa-lIlAnuM Alekhana karelA keTalAka zilpapaTTo maLyA che e paikInA ekamAM navajAta zrIkRSNane vasudeva potAnA mastaka para TopalAmAM rAkhIne yamunA nadI pAra

Page #104
-1 anumauryakAlIna zilpakalA - karatA batAvyA che. viSNu ane vAsudeva uparAMta balarAmanAM zilpo paNa ahIMthI maLyAM che. balarAmanI pratimAomAM emanA mastaka para bhAre pAghaDI, kAnamAM kuMDaLa, khabhA para uttarIya ne kaTi para chetI jovA maLe che. balarAme jamaNA hAthamAM muzaLa ane DAbA hAthe khabhA para haLa dhAraNa karyuM che. Ama temanuM svarUpa yakSamUrtione maLatuM che. mathurAnA junasuTI gAmamAMthI maLelI ane atyAre lakhanI myujhiyamamAM surakSita rAkhelI pratimA A svarUpanuM sarasa dRSTAMta che. emAM balarAmanA mastaka para sarpaphaNA ane pITha pAchaLa sarpa-kuMDaLI aMkita karI che. mathurAkalAmAM sUrya pratimA viziSTa mahattva dharAve che. A kAlanI sUrya-pratimAono paheraveza rAjavI jevo che. moTI pAghaDI, lAMbo koTa, kamara paTo, pagamAM DhIMcaNa sudhI pahoMcatAM joDA, e A pratimAnI vizeSatA che. zarUAtanI pratimAomAM - sUryane be ghoDAnA rathamAM pachIthI cAra ghoDAnA ane chevaTe sAta ghoDAnA rathamAM beThelA darzAvAyA che. paryakalIlAsanamAM beThelA sUryanA eka hAthamAM talavAra ane bIjA hAthamAM kamaLano guccha hoya che. A prakAranuM mUrtividhAna IrAnamAMthI * "miza"--ke "mihira"--pUjAmAMthI zaka-kuSANa loko potAnI sAthe bhAratamAM lAvyA - hovAnI saMbhAvanA jaNAya che. mathurAmAMthI zivanI liMgasvarUpanI ane mAnuSasvarUpanI ema baMne prakAranI pratimAo prApta thaI che. liMgapratimAomAM sAdAM zivaliMga uparAMta eka mukha (AkRti 28) ane paMcamukha liMga paNa prApta thayAM che. A ke liMga pratimAo mathurA pradezamAM pAzupata saMpradAyanA prasAranI sUcaka che. kuyANa nareza vema kadaphIsanA sikakAo para be hAthadhArI zive ekahAthe trizUla ane bIjA hAthe javapAtra dhAraNa kareluM jovA maLe che. te tenA tAMbAnA sikakAo para zivanuM mastaka kaMDAreluM che. kaniSka ane haviSkanA samayamAM zivanuM mUrti vidhAna be hAthane badale cAra hAthanuM thavA lAgyuM ane bIjA be hAthamAM vaja ane aMkuzane Ayudha tarIke umero thayo. haviSkanA keTalAka sikkAo para trimukha zivanI AkRti che. A sikkAo mathurA vistAramAM pracalita zivapUjA ane zivanA mUrti vidhAnanuM svarUpa spaSTa kare che. mathurA zailIe ghaDAyelA naMdIkezvara, ardha- nArIzvara ane zivapArvatInI mUrtio noMdhapAtra che. naMdIkezvarapratimAmAM ziva - naMdIne Azraya laI UbhelA che. ardhanArIzvaramAM jamaNA adha puruSaaMgamAM mastake - jaTAmukuTa ane kaTi para vyAghacarma ane DAbA a nArIaMgamAM mastake suMdara kezuklApa, kAnamAM kuMDaLa ane kaTi upara adhovastra dhAraNa kareluM darzAvyuM che. puruSa-aMgamAM UrdhvazirA ane strI-dehamAM eka stana batAvyuM che. ziva-pArvatI

Page #105
- bhAratIya prANIne zie5kala rUpamAM zivanI DAbI bAjue pArvatI UbhAM che. zivane UrdhvazikSavALA brahmacArI darzAvyA che. baMnenI pAchaLa vAhana naMdI jovA maLe che. kuSANa rAjAonA sikkAo para thayelAM aMka parathI ane tatkAlIna upalabdha pratimAo parathI kArtikeyanI pUjA mathurApradezamAM lokapriya banelI hovAnuM jaNAya che. mathurA zailIe ghaDAyelI kArtikeya-pratimAo dvibhuja che. emanA DAbA hAthamAM zakita ane jamaNe hAtha abhayamudrAmAM hoya che. mathurAmAMthI kalAtmaka mukuTa dhArI samapAda sthitimAM UbhelA kArtikeyanI pratimA maLI AvI che. te tyAMnA bodhisonI pratimAone ghaNe aMze maLatI Ave che. mathurA prAcIna kAlathI mAtRpUjAnuM paNa kendra hatuM. gajalakSmI, zrIlakSmI, hAritI, mahiSAsuramardinI durgA, saptamAtRkA vagerenI mUrtio maLI AvI che. AmAM gajalakSmInI mUrtio zuMgakAlathI maLavA lAge che. eka mUrtimAM kamaLavanamAM kamalAsana para UbhelI devInA mastaka para be hAthIo potAnI sUMDhamAM pakaDelA jalakuMbha vaDe abhiSeka karI rahyA che. A svarUpa uttarakAlamAM khUba lokapriya banyuM. zrIlakSmI. devAnI ane mAyA asuronI devI hatI. pAchaLathI zrIlakSmInuM sthAna sarvopari banI gayuM. mathurAmAM zrIdevInI pASANanI ane mRttikAnI mUrtionI maLI che emAMnI eka pASANamUrti mathurA kalAnuM anupama udAharaNa banI che. emAM devI (Akati 30) kamala vanamAM kamaLathI bharelA kuMbha para UbhI che. tenI duddhAriNI mudrA AkarSaka che. te pitAnA DAbA hAtha vaDe jamaNo stana dabAvIne dUdhanI dhArA vahAvI rahI che. enI pAchaLa sanALa vaDe kamaLapatra ane kamaLakaLIo upara caDI rahI che. enA upara haMsa-yugala beTheluM che. devInI deha chaTA AbhUSaNa-vaividhya mahArI che. kuSANakAlIna mUrtimAM keTalIka jagyAe lakSmI ane hAritIne kuberanI patnIo batAvI. che. te viSNu sAthe paNa ene darzAvelI che. uttarakAlamAM ene mukhyatve viSNupatnI tarIke ne kyAreka gaNezapatnI tarIke batAvelI che. mahiSAsurane mAratI mahiSAsuramardinI ke kAtyAyanI devInI caturbhuja ane bhuja mUrti maLI che. A svarUpane uttarakAlamAM niraMtara pracAra vadhato jaNAya che. saptamAtRkAonI vibhAvanA cheka vedakAla jeTalI prAcIna jaNAya che. kuSANakAlamAM dharmAcAryoe ene sAta devo sAthe joDIne enI navI vibhAvanA prastuta karI. brahmAnI brahmANI, viSNunI vaiSNavI, zivanI mAhezvarI, indranI indrANI, kumAra (kArtikeya)nI kaumArI, varAhanI vArAhI, nasiMhanI nArasiMha ane yamanI cAmuMDA. A kAlanA eka zilApaTTamAM A. sAteya mAtRkAone sIdhA-sAdA vezamAM Ayudha ane lAMchana-rahita batAvelI che. uttarakAlamAM mAtRkApaTTomAM devIonAM vAhana ane Ayudha tema ja temanI godamAM bALaka dhAraNa karela batAvavAnI prathA rUDha thaI.

Page #106
pa: anuvakAlIna zilpakalA mathurAmAM mukhya traNa dharmo uparAMta A samaye aneka nAnA moTA lokasaMpradAyo pracalita hatA. emAM yakSama ane nAgamatanuM vizeSa sthAna hatuM. A kAlamAM vAliyara pAse besanagara ane pavAyAmAMthI ane bihAramAM paTaNAmAMthI mathurA zailI ghaDAyelI yakSa-pratimAo maLI che. pAyAne maNibhadra yakSa tenA pUrvavatI pArakhamanA yakSa(AkRti 13) karatAM kalAnI bAbatamAM caDiyAto che. e mUrti suDoLa ane sapramANa dehasauSThavavALI che. mUrtimAM jovA maLatI thoDI sthULatA tatkAlIna zilpa zailInA lakSaNarUpa che. paTaNAnA yakSanI mUrti sAMcInA toraNavALA yakSanI mUrtine maLatI Ave che. vastuta: A mathurAkalAmAM yakSapUjA kubera sAthe ekAkAra banI. bAkasa ane DAyonisasanI grIkamAM pUjA thatI hatI. mathurAmAM bAkasanuM sthAna kubere laI lIdhuM. mathurAmAMthI bAkasanA svarUpanA prabhAvavALI, laMbodara, sukhAsana para beThela, prasannavadana eka hAthamAM madhupAtra ane bIjA hAthamAM nANAMkothaLI lIdhela kuberanAM zilpA maLe che. AvI kubera-mUrtio mathurAkalAnI viziSTa bheTa che. mathurAmAM pracalita balarAmapUjA sAthe A samaye nAgadevatAonI mAnyatA bhaLI gaI. nAgamUrtionI jema baLarAmanI keTalIka mUrti emAM lAMbI vanamALA ane mastaka pharatI sarpa phaNA jovA maLe che. AvI mUrti kukara gAmamAMthI maLelI che. bina-sAMpradAyika zilpo prAcIna bhAratamAM "devakula' sthApavAnI paraMparA hovAnuM bhAsanA "pratimA nATaka parathI jANavA maLe che. pratyeka rAjA potAnA mRta pUrvajonAM bAvalAM A devakulamAM sthApato. zizunAga devakulamAM sthApavA mATenAM zizunAgavaMzanA rAjAonAM bAvalAM mathurAmAM banyAM hatAM. kuSANa rAjAonAM pUtaLAM paNa mathurAmAM banyAM, emAM vema kadaphIsa ane kaniSkanAM pUtaLAM temanI viziSTa vezabhUSAne laIne judAM tarI Ave che. vaLI pazcimI kSatrapa rAjA cATananuM pUtaLuM paNa maLI AvyuM che. A traNe yu pUtaLAMonAM mastaka tUTI gayAM che. vedikA-staMbha paranAM nArI-zika * mathurAnA jaina ane bauddha stUponA avazeSomAM vedikA-khaMbhanuM zilpanI dRSTi mahattvapUrNa sthAna che. "zayapaNeNIya su", "lalitavistara", "divyAvadAna" vagere graMthamAM stUpanA anya bhAgo uparAMta padmavara vedikA ane tenA para banelI sauMdarya pulikAo (zAlabhaMjikAo)nuM vistRta vivaraNa maLe che. "kaMkAlI TIlA", bhUtezvara vagere sthAnoethI lagabhaga 150 jeTalA vedikA staMbha maLelA che. emAMnA bhA. prA. zi. 7

Page #107
bhAstIya prANIne ziha5kalA keTalAka para pUjA-do kaMDArelAM che. enI vigata upara joIe che. e sivAyanA moTA bhAganA staMbho para prAcIna bhAratIya prasanna lokajIvananI jhAMkhI thAya che. A zAlabhaMjikA strI-zone bharAhata-sAMcI ke gaMdhAranAM strI-zilpa sAthe sarakhAvatAM mathurAnA kalAsiddhoe rUDha baMdhanone phagAvI daI nArInA rUpa-lAvaNya ane AMtara bhAvane vaividhyapUrNa rIte darzAvI emanAM aMgaupAMgone vizeSa uThAva ApI sajIva ane mohaka banAvavAmAM potAnI maulika pratibhA darzAvI che (juo AkRti 29-32). prAcIna bhAratamAM manoraMjana mATe udyAna-kriDAo, AnaMdotsava ane ramata-gamata thatAM. ghaNA utsavo sArvajanika hatA ne emAM badhA vargonA loko bhAga laI zakatA. udyAnemAM puSpa cUMTavAM, jhUlo jhUlavA, daDe ramavuM, pakSIo sAthe gela karo vagere kAryakrama thatA. mathurAnI vedikAonA staMbha para koI strI bagIcAmAM puSpa cUMTatI, koI kandukakriIDArata, koI jharaNA nIce snAna karatI, koI snAna pachI bhInA vALane sUkavatI ke vastro dhAraNa karatI jovA maLe che. prasAdhanane lagatAM aneka dazyo maLe che. koImAM kapilo para lodhacUrNa ghasyAnuM ke enA para patra-racanA karyAnuM dazya jovA maLe che. koI strI kezagUMphana karatI to koI ALa lagAvatI jaNAya che. "prasAdhanikA strIomAM koI hAthamAM zRMgArapeTI to koI bhaMgAra (sugaMdhita dravyapAtra) laIne Ubhela che. madhu-pAna, vINA ke baMsIvAdana ane nRtyanAM dazyo paNa aMkita thayAM che. pakSIo sAthe krIDA karatI strIonA aMkanamAM kalAkAroe bhAre kauzala dAkhavyuM che. prAcIna sAhityamAM haMsa, pipaTa, menA, mera, koyala vagere pakSIone pALavA aMgenA vAraMvAra ullekha maLe che. mathurAnA vedikA-staMbho enAM uttama dRSTAMta pUrAM pADe che. kayAMka pAMjarAmAM baMdha to kayAMka pUrNa mukata pakSIo batAvyAM che. suMdarIo maMjarI, kula, phaLa ke dADhamanI kaLIe jevA potAnA dAMta batAvIne zukAdi pakSIone lalacAvatI jovA maLe che. kayAMka sukezI strIonA vALamAM gUMthAyelAM motIo ke stana-hAro (ura sUtro)nAM motIonA lobhI haMsa batAvyA che. eka vedikA staMbha para mAthe maTukI mUkI dahIM vecavA nIkaLatI gopa-vadhunI AkRti kaMDArI che. enI vrajavAsI vezabhUSA viziSTa che. eka staMbha para IrAnI vezabhUSAsajaja strI hAthamAM dIpaka laI UbhI che. bIjA eka ta bha para videzI parivAranI vezabhUSAvALI zastra-dhAriNI jovA maLe che. A bAbata tatkAlamAM rAjasevAmAM rakhAtI videzI paricArikAo ane aMgarakSikA yavanIonI sUcaka che. 8) gujarAtanI zi95kalA gujarAtamAMthI zuMgakAlIna zilpa maLyAM nathI. jo ke e samaya daramyAna gujarAtamAM bhAratIya-grIka rAjAonI ANa pravartatI hovAnuM jaNAya che. amarelInA

Page #108
59 7 31 9 : 2 32. . A che raha. 30, 31 vedikA-khaMbhanI nArIe (mathurA) 32 prasAdhana (mathurA) 33 cAmuMDA (zAmaLAjI)

Page #109
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA khodakAmamAMthI dADhIvALA purUSanI AkRtivALI mATInI eka nAnI takatI maLI che. e sivAya bIjo koI zilpo prApta thayAM nathI, paNa grIkone laIne A pradezamAM grIka prabhAvavALI kalApravRtti cAlu haze evuM anumAna pachInAM grIkakalAnA prabhAvavALAM kSatrapakAlIna zilpa parathI thaI zake che. gujarAtamAM I. sa. 1 thI I.sa. 400 daramyAna kSatraponI ANa pravatIM. uttara bhAratanA anya pradeza para gukha kalAne prabhAva I.sa.nI 4 thI sadInA uttarArdhathI pravAryo jyAre gujarAtamAM e 5 mI sadInA prAraMbhamAM guptAnI sattA prasaratAM prasaryo. AthI gujarAtamAM 4 thI sadInA aMta sudhInA cAra saikAnI kalAne kSatrapakAlIna kalAne nAme oLakhavAmAM Ave che. sadbhAgye A kAlanI zilpajyAnA avazeSo ThIkaThIka pramANamAM prApta thayA che. AmAM khaDakamAM kaMDArelI guphAo para tathA IMTerI sUpa para karelAM aMzamUrta rUpAMkana temaja devatAonAM chUTAM pUrNa mUrta zilpone samAveza thAya che. jUnAgaDha pAse Avela "bAvA pyArA" nAme oLakhAtI guphAo paikI moTA bhAganI guphAone mathALe tyAkAra gavAkSo kaMDAravAmAM AvyA che. eka caityaguphAnI osarInA chajAne TekavatA ghaDAomAM siMhanAM zilpa ane osarInA pratyeka cheDe dIvAla para alpamUrta eka eka pAMkhALA siMhanI AkRti kaMDArI che. A haroLanA cokanI bahAra dakSiNa taraphanI guphAmAM svastika, pUrNa ghaTa, kalaza, bhadrAsana, zrIvatsa, mInayugala jevI AkRtio ke mAMgalika cihano kotarelAM che. trIjI haroLanI guphAonA pUrNa ghaMTAkAra TocavALA staMbha nAsika-junnaranI guphAonA staMbhanA - ghATane anusaratA jaNAya che. A guphAo I.sa. pUrvenI hovAnuM manAya che. jUnAgaDha pAse uparakoTamAM be majalavALI guphA AvelI che. ahIM upalA majalAnA staMbhanA ghATa ane tenA paranAM rekhAMkanamAM viziSTa vaividhya jovA maLe che. ahIMnA vedikAyukata caityagavAkSo bAvApyArAnI guphAnA gavAkSo karatAM vikasita che. emAM strIyugma jANe bahAra DokiyuM karatAM hoya evI rIte kaMDAryA che. nIcalA majalAnA aityAkAra gavAkSomAM paNa nArIyu kaMDAryA che. chatane TekavatA taMbhanAM racanA-kauzala ane suzobhana-samRddhi uttama koTinAM che. staMbhanI Toca paranI paDaghImAM be khUNe paraspara virUddha dizAmAM jotAM be siMhayu vacce barAbara madhyamAM eka sammukha siMha ane tenI baMne bAju eka eka puruSAkRti vividha mudrAmAM UbhelI batAvI che. paDaghInI nIcenI zirAvaTIne ghATa aSTakoNI puSpa jevo lAge che. enI dareka pAMkhaDImAM vividha aMgabhaMgImAM UbhelA nArIvRMdanAM utkaTa bhAvavAhI zilpa kaMDAryA che A strIo uparanA bhAgamAM vivastra che. parasALanA staMbhonI zirA

Page #110
pa: anumauryakAlIna zilpakalA 101 vaTInI paTTikA paranA aSTakoNanI dareka bAjue kIcakAvasthAmAM beThelAM gheTAMbakarAMnAM zilpo dRSTigocara thAya che. staMbhadaMDanI nIce kuMbhamAM dareka dizAmAM tamAlapatrone dhAraNa karIne UbhelA babbe purUSanAM rUpAMkana tenI upara pallavapaMkitao, kamaladalanI paMkitao ane maNakAonI hAramALAo karelI che. saurASTramAM A kAlanA uttarArdhanI sANA, taLAjA ane DhAMka-siddhasara pAse AvelI baddha guphAomAM caityagavAkSonAM alaMkaraNa ane staMbhanI kuMbhIonA vividha ghATa najare paDe che. DhAMkanI samIpamAM eka TekarI pAse kaMDArelI jaina guphAo saMbhavata: A kAlanA aMta samayanI che. emAM pahelI nAnI guphAmAM pravezadvAra sivAyanI traNa bAjumAM eka eka gavAkSa kotaryo che ne e darekamAM pArzvanAthanI padmAsanastha digaMbara pratimA kaMDArelI che. pratimAnI baMne bAju eka eka nAnA kadanA cAmaradhArI che. tIrthaMkaranA mastaka para trichatra ane tenI upara baMne khUNAmAM eka eka UMDato gaMdharva batAvyo che. A guphAnI saheja uttare uparanA bhAgamAM alpamUrta svarUpe keTalAMka zilpo kaMDArelAM che, je paikI AdinAtha, zAMtinAtha, pAzvanAtha, aMbikA vagere oLakhI zakAya che. vIrapura (jalArAma) najIka khaMbhAlIDA gAme AvelI mahAyAnI bauddhonI guphAo paNa saMbhavata: A samayanA aMtanI che. ahIMnI eka caityaguphAnA pravezadvAranI baMne bAjue kaMDArela bodhisonI moTA kadanI AkRtine laIne A guphAo saurASTranI bauddha guphAomAM viziSTa bhAta pADe che. padmapANi ane vajapANinAM aMzamUrta zilpomAM bodhisattvonI baMne tarapha vRkSo ane tenI chAyA nIce sevaka-sevikAvRnda jovA maLe che. bharAvadAra ane kadAvara deha, aMga-upAMganA vaLAMka, rekhAo ane mastaka paranuM varNana, mukha paranA bhAva vagere A zilpone kSatrapa ane guptakAlanA saMkrAMtikAlanAM mAnavA prere che. I.sa.nI 4 thI sadInA uttarArdha devanI morIno stUpa ane ene pharato vihAra gujarAtanA prAcIna sthApatyanI jema zilpanI bAbatamAM paNa viziSTa bhAta pADe che. stUpanI nIcenI pIThikAmAM vacce vacce karelI thAMbhalIonAM kuMbhI, staMbha-daMDa ane zIrSa suDoLa ane suzobhita che. pIThikAnI kenAlamAM iMtemAMthI banAvelAM nIcethI upara jatAM anukrame nAnA corasa, patralatAo ane ToDalAnAM suzobhano paraspara susaMvAdI ane kalApUrNa che. upalI bIjI pIThikAmAM kaMDArelo gavAkSa paNa vividha alaMkArapUrNa che. A pIThikA paranA caitya-gavAlonAM suzobhanonI aMdara mATInI pakavelI dhyAnastha buddha pratimAo sthApavAmAM AvI hatI. stUpanA garbhanI madhyamAMthI paNa eka buddha-pratimA prApta thaI che.

Page #111
102 bhAratIya pracIna zilpakalA | gujarAtamAMthI-zAmaLAjI, devanI morI, vaDanagara, kheDabrahmA, valabhI, AhavA vagere sthaLoethI kSatrapakAlanAM pUrNa mUrta zilponA keTalAka kalAtmaka namUnA maLyA che. e parathI jaNAya che ke, I.sanI 3 thI-4 thI sadImAM gujarAtamAM ucca koTinI klAzailI pAMgarI hatI. A zilpanA jhINavaTabharyA abhyAse bhAratIya zilpakalAnA ItihAsamAM gujarAtane gauravabharyuM sthAna apAvyuM che. A mUrtizilpAmAM sapramANa naisargika deha, bhAre paga, saMpUrNapaNe khUlelI AMkha, moTA jaghana ane bhArapUrvaka dehavaLAMka, mUrtine anurUpa bhAvavyaMjanA, adhovastranI kalAmaya vallI ane emAM pATalIne sthAne gomUtrikA ghATa, AchA alaMkAro vagere lakSaNo jovA maLe che. sthULa naisargika deharacanAmAM mathurAkalAno ane adhovastramAM gomUtrikAghATa jevAM keTalAMka tatvomAM gaMdhArakalAno prabhAva varatAya che. zAmaLAjImAMthI maLela zilpomAM kamare hAtha mUkIne tribhaMgamAM UbhelI nAnA bALaka sahitanI pakSI ke devInI pratimA, mAtA ane zizunI adhaMkAya khaMDita mUrti, bhIlaDI vezadhArI pArvatI ane cAmuMDA, kheDabrahmAmAMthI maLela visphArita moTI AMkhevALuM ekamukha zivaliMga, zAmaLAjInA AsapAsanA vistAramAMthI maLelI nAnA kadanI gaNonI athavA judA judA devo ke yakSanI pAMca pASANa mUrtio tathA eTalAsa(bhAravAhaka)nuM dhAtu zila5, valabhImAMthI maLela kezinisUdana kRSNa ane mahiSAsuramardinInAM zilpa, AhavAmAMthI maLela strInuM ardhAkAya khaMDita zila, surata jillAnA tena gAmethI maLela viSNunI eka nAnI khaMDita pratimA, devanI merImAMthI maLela mATInI pakavelI buddha mUrtio tathA kAkAnI siMhaNa (saurASTra), dolatapura (kaccha), vallabhavidyAnagara tathA suratanAM myujhiyamamAM surakSita mastako vagere kSatrapAlanAM namUnedAra zilpa che. bhIlaDI veze tribhaMgamAM UbhelAM pArvatIe kevaLa nIce adhovastra tarIke siMhacarma dhAraNa karyuM che. temAMnuM siMhamukha mathurAnAM siMhamukhane maLatuM che. cAmuMDAnI UbhI pratimA(AkRti 33)mAM devIe DAbA nIcalA hAthamAM kApeluM asura-mastaka dhAraNa karyuM che. A mastaka spaSTata: grIka ke grIko-romana chAyAnuM che. devIe dhAraNa karela adhovastranI kalAmaya vallIo ane dupaTTAmAM ane adhovastranI vacamAM pATalIne badale karelo gomUtrikA-ghATa grIka ke gaMdhAra kalAno prabhAva sUcave che. zAmaLAjIvistAramAMthI maLela nAnA kadanA gaNo ke pakSonI AkRtio paikI ekamAM nAnI ghaMTikA no hAra upavItanI jema dhAraNa karelo jovA maLe che. bIjI AkRti sAMcI ane pittalakherAnA yakSa-gaNone maLatI Ave che, trIjI AkRtine eka hAtha khaMDita ane ekamAM zaMkha che, jethI AkRti aspaSTa che, jyAre pAMcamI AkRtimAM mukuTa, khabhA para phelAyelA vALane jamaNA hAthamAM khaTvAMga jevo parIvALo daMDa jovA maLe che.

Page #112
pa: anamoryakAlIna zilpakalA 103 chellI benA mastaka para mukuTaracanA videzI asaravALI jaNAya che. valabhInI kezinisUdana kRSNanI mastakarahita khaMDita pratimA prabhAvetpAdaka che. samabhaMgamAM UbhelA dibhuja kRSNa DAbA hAthe kezidaityane pakaDayo che. jamaNo hAtha khaMDita che. tenA bArIka vastranI gomUtrikA manahara che. temanA DAbA hAthano paMjo gaMdhAranI buddha-pratimAomAM jovA maLe che, tema kaMIka vadhu pahoLo che. DAMganA AhavAmAMthI maLeluM devI ke yakSiNInuM nAnuM khaMDita zilpa kAryA, kaherI ane nAsikathI mAMDIne uttara gujarAta sudhI eka ja kalAzailI pracalita hovAnA purAvArUpa che. emAM suMdara bharAvadAra mukha, nIcalo jADo hoTha, mastaka pAchaLa laTakatI veNI, mastaka para jUnI Dhabane tripAMkhiyA mukuTa jevuM koI veSTana, jamaNo hAtha koNIthI vALI UMco karI pakaDeluM kamaLa, hAthamAM khUba baMgaDIo, kamaLa ane hAtha tUTI na jAya te mATe mathurAkalAmAM jovA maLe che tevI rIte mastaka sAthe ene joDavA paththaranI paTTIno prayoga, vagere lakSaNo jovA maLe che. A pratimA I.sa.nI 2 jI sadInI hovA saMbhave che.. tena gAmanI viSNu-pratimAmAM mathurA ane bhinnamALamAMthI maLelI vigapratimAnI jema, zaMkha dhAraNa karelA DAbA hAthane kaTi para Tekavyo che. mastaka parano mukuTa UMcI TopI ghATano che. gaLAmAM dhAraNa karelI hAMsaDI gaMdhAra zilponI. baMsaDInuM smaraNa karAve che. mukuTanI baMne bAjuthI nIkaLatI javAlAo ke kiraNAvalInI racanA viSNu e AdityanuM svarUpa che, enuM sUcana kare che. devanI morImAMthI maLelI buddhanI dhyAnastha pratimAo prAcIna bhAratIya bauddha pratimAomAM viziSTa bhAta pADe che. A mUrti mAM vastraparidhAna, Asano ane dehasauSThavanuM vaividhya noMdhapAtra che. keTalIka pratimAomAM saMghATI, baMne skaMdhane to keTalIkamAM kevaLa DAbA kaMdhane DhAMkatI batAvI che. pahelI prathA gaMdhAra-kalAmAM vyApaka pracAramAM hatI, jyAre bIjI mathurAmAM pracalita hatI. saMghATImAM vaLI keTalIka mUrtiomAM bevaDI rekhA vaDe, keTalIkamAM UpasAvelI rekhA vaDe ema vividha rIte batAvyA che. buddhanA marataka paranA keza paNa keTalIka pratimAomAM sIdhA UbhA thelA to keTalIkamAM dakSiNAvarta nAnA gUMcaLAmAM darzAvyA che. keTalIkamAM mRtaka para UISa paNa dhAraNa kareluM batAvyuM che. keTalIka pratimAomAM mukhAkRti guptakAlIna praziSTa kalAnI bhAvavAhI mUrtio jevI lAge che. 9) dakhaNanAM zailagRhanI zilpakalA dakhaNamAM mahArASTramAM bauddha dharmane Azraye khaDakomAM korIne caityagRho ane vihAro karavAnI kalA vikasI. A sthApatyo zilpanI viziSTa zailI dharAve che. bhAjA,

Page #113
104 bhAratIya prAcIna zila5kalA koMDAne, pittalakhArA, ajaMTA (guphA naM. 9 ane 10), nAsika, jUnnara, beDasA, kAryA ane kaherIne zaityo ane vihAromAM A zailInAM zilpo jovA maLe che. prastuta kAlanAM badhAM caityagRha hInayAna prAvasthAmAM che, jyAre vihAro paikI keTalAka mahAyAna prAvasthAnA che. hInayAna prAvasthAnAM tyagRho kArjhenirmita bhavananAM prAstArika(pASANamAM aMkita thayela) pratirUpa che. AmAM paththaranI sAthe sAthe ghaNI jagyAe kASThane upayoga thayo che. paththaranI chato alaMkRta karavAmAM kASThano chUTathI upayoga to thayo che, paraMtu ahIM agatyanI noMdhapAtra binA e che ke pASANakalAnA vikAsa sAthe kASThano chUTathI upayoga dhIme dhIme naSTa thato jaNAya che. 1) bhAjA: bhAjapanA caityanA mukhabhAga upara caityAkAra kamAnathI vibhUSita praveza ane pravezanI baMne bAjunA paDakhAnA uparanA bhAgamAM caityAkAra kamAnayukata gavAkSo (jharUkhA) AvelA che. mukhya kamAnanI upara ghATIlI kAnasa che. mukhya pravezanuM sUryadvAra kASTha zilpathI alaMkRta hatuM. enI AkRtinI kalpanA bharaDuta, bodhagayA vagere sthaLonAM zilpa dvArA prApta thAya che. prAcIna paribhASAmAM Ane "ghaTamukhapaMjara" kahetA. mAtra kArlAnI guphAnA mukhabhAga paranuM A prakAranuM "ghaTamukhapaMjara" bacyuM che. bhAjAmAM bAMdhakAmamAM paNa A sivAya kayAMka kayAMka lAkaDAno upayoga karelo che. staMbho ane bArInI sAthe saMlagna vedikA(screen)ne ghATa lAkaDAmAMthI korI kADhelA staMbho ane vedikAone maLato che. vedikA ca-gavAkSanI nAnI pratikRtiothI alaMkRta che, je lAkaDAmAM banatA A prakAranA suzobhana sAthe sAmya dharAve che. caityagRhanI aMdaranA bhAganI chata lAkaDAnI vaLIe (roof-ribs)thI vibhUSita karI hoya tevuM pASANamAM kotarakAma karela che. caityagRhonI pAse sAdhuonA nivAsa mATenA vihAronI yojanA jovAmAM Ave che. emAM sauthI prAcIna bauddhavihAra bhAjAne che. vihAranA staMbha upara bhAta -bhAtanAM mUrti zilpa che. enA staMbhe corasa tathA goLa ghATanA che. staMbhonA nIcalA cheDA mUrtizilpothI alaMkRta karelA che. upara kamaladalAMkita zirAvaTIo che. zirAvaTIo upara mAnavamukhAkRti ane pazudehanuM saMyukata ke saMmizrita svarUpa prakaTAvatAM "vyAla" zilpa che. A vihArane mukhabhAga(facade), bharahuta ane bedhagayAnA stUponAM zilpamAM mULa kASThamAM racAtA mukhabhAganA pratibiMbarUpe aMkita thayela zilpa sAthe sAmya dharAve che. vihAranA mukhabhAganAM vilakSaNa mUrtizilpamAM pAMca AyudhapurUSanI mUrtio noMdhapAtra che. A mahAkAya mUrti prAcIna yakSamUrtione maLatI Ave che. emanuM sugaThita dehasauSThava AkarSaka che. zira para bhAre uSNISa, kAnamAM kuMDala, gaLAmAM hAra,

Page #114
5 : anumauryakAlIna zilpakalA bAhumAM aMgada ane kAMDAmAM valaya dhAraNa karyA che. mukhamaMDapanA staMbhomAM zIrSako para kamalapAMdaDIo upara Urdhva kArya strI-mUrtio vRSabhArohI-mudrAmAM che. emanI bhAvabhaMgI anyatra jovAmAM AvatI azvArohI kinara mUrtione maLatI che. mukhamaMDapanA pravezanI baMne bAjue mUrtizilpa che. emAM eka bAjue eka rAjAne cAra ghoDA joDelA rathamAM savArI karo darzAvyo che. enI pAchaLa chatra tathA cAmaradhAriNIonAM zilpo che. koIka nagna asuranA dehane dabAvate rAjAno ratha pasAra thAya che. bIjI bAjue rAjAne hAthI upara savArI karato darzAvyo che. enI pAchaLa dhvaja laIne ene anucara beThele che. vegIlA hAthIe pitAnI UMce lIdhela sUMDha vaDe eka vRkSanI DALane ukhADI nAMkhI che. nIcenI bAjue kalpavRkSanI zAkhAomAMthI mithuna zilpono ArvibhAva thate darzAvyo che. e vRkSa nIce beThelAM mithuna gIta, vAgha ne nRtyane AnaMda mANI rahyAM che. uparyuMkata baMne dazyo uttarakuru pradezamAM cakravatI samrATa mAMdhAtAnA vihArane lagatAM hovAnuM anumAna che. bauddha graMtha "divyAvadAna" mAM ene lagatI kathA ApI che. 2) kenDAne H konDAnenA caityagRho mukhabhAga bhAjA jevo che. Akhoye guphA saMpUrNa khaDakamAMthI kotarelI che. mAtra paDALImAM ja lAkaDAno upayoga karyo che. zilA ane kASThanuM saMmilana A caityagRhamAM sAdhavAmAM AvyuM che. paDALInA staMbho paNa lAkaDAnA hatA. A caityagRha sAthe saMkaLAyelA vihAranA staMbhone ghATa saMpUrNata: lAkaDAnI bAMdhaNIne anusarato che. 3-5) ajaTA guphA naM. 9 ane pittalaberAnAM caityagRho uparanI baMne guphAo sAthe sAmya dharAve che. aMjaTA guphA naM. 9nI paDALInI kunnapUSTha (ardhanaLAkAra) chata paNa khaDakamAMthI kotarI kADhelI che. A caityagRhamAM Apela agiyAra pagathiyAMnI sIDInI baMne bAjue sapakSa azva tathA tenI AgaLa tathA pAchaLa bhAraputraka(AkRti 19)nI mudrAmAM babbe yakSonAM zilpa-kotarelAM che. ajaMTA guphA naM. 10 nA caityagRhamAM kotarelI mUrti o pAchalAM kALanI che. pirAlarAnA caityagRha sAthe saMkaLAyelA vihAranA staMbhone ghATa koDAnenA vihAranA staMbho jevA ja che. enA mukhabhAganAM vAtAyane ane vedikA-alaMkaraNanI nIce mithuna zilpo kotarelAM che. maMDapanA staMbha paranI zirAvaTIomAM naravAla ane pazusaMghATanAM zilpo che. mukhya dvAranI baMne bAjue mahAkAya dvArapAlo che. pravezadvAranA pAzvataMbho para triratna yukata praphullita puSpanAM alaMkaraNe che. dvAranA

Page #115
107 bhAratIya ayIna zilpakalAota raMgamAM gajalakSmInuM zilpa AveluM che. kamalAsanA lakSmIe baMne hAthamAM sanAla kamala dhAraNa kya che. enI baMne bAjunA prakullita kamala para eka eka hAthI sUMDhamAMnA kuMbha vaDe lakSmI upara jalAbhiSeka karatA darzAvyA che. 6) nAsikanI pAMDuleNa nAmanI zaityaguphA kotaraNI temaja bAMdhaNInI dRSTie ajaMTA naM. 9 nI guphA sAthe sAmya dharAve che. baMnenA mukhabhAgamAM lAkaDAnA upayogano sadaMtara abhAva pravarte che. ene mukhabhAga vAstuvinyAsanuM eka uttama udAharaNa che. e be majalAne che. nIcalA majalAnA pravezanI baMne bAjue mahAkAya yakSa dvArapAla tarIke kotarelA che. sUryadvAranI uparanI vedikAnI khaMbhikAonA gALAmAM stUpanI pratikRtio kotarelI che. dvArastaMbho para pazusaMghATanAM zilpa che. 7) jUnaranAM caityagRho nAsikanI pAMDuleNanI sAthe sAmya dharAve che. ahIM kula pAMca guphAone samUha che. AmAMnI tulajAleNanI eka guphA goLAkAra caityagRha che. madhyanA sAdA stUpanI cotarapha bAra staMbho AvelA che. bharaDutanI devasabhAnA zilpadRzyamAM aMkita karelA caityagRhanA ghATa sAthe A guphA sAmya dharAve che. manamedanA samUhanI eka caityaguphAno mukhamaMDapa anekavidha mUrtizilpa vaDe alaMkRta karela che. mukha bhAganA sUryadvAra para vikasikata kamaLanI AkRti che. enI madhyanI pAMkhaDI para devI zrIlakSmInI suMdara mUrti che. enI baMne bAjue pUrNavikasita sanALa kamaLa che. devIno jamaNo hAtha abhaya mudrAmAM che ane DAbo hAtha kayavalaMbita mudrAmAM che. lakSmInI baMne bAjunI hAthIonI AkRtionI paDakhe aMjali mudrAmAM yugalanAM zilpa che. devI gaklakSmInuM A aMkana utkRSTa koTinuM che. bharaNuta, sAMcI, bodhagayA, udayagiri vagere sthaLoe zrIlakSmInI mUrti che, paNa e ATalI utkRSTa koTinI nathI. kIrtimukha ke sUrya dvAranI TocanI baMne bAjue eka eka mUrti che, te paikInI jamaNI bAju sapheNa nAgarAja ane DAbI bAjue sapakSa yA suparNa garuDanAM zilpa che. zilpanI baMne bAjue utkIrNa stUponAM aMkano che. samagra mukhabhAganI baMne bAjunI nirgAmita dIvAlanA mathALe AvelI suzobhana-paTTikAmAM vedikA ane caitya-gavAkSanAM alaMkaraNo che.dIvAlono agra bhAga paNa A ja prakAranAM aMkanathI suzobhita che. nAsika pAse AvelI 17 guphAo paikI traNa vihAro-gautamIputra (naM. 3), nahapAna (naM. 8) zrIpata (naM. 15) kotaraNIvALA che. gautamIputra ane nahapAnanA vihAra kadamAM sarakhA che. emanA varaMDAnA staMbhe, kArlAnA caityagRhanA staMbha jevA zobhAyamAna che. te pAvara vedikAthI gherAyelA che. vedikAnA staMbho paranI sUcio para kamalapuSponA alaMkAro che. ghATamAM khaMbhe aSTabhadrI che. temAM nIce

Page #116
5 : anusaauya kAlIna zilpakalA 1.7 pUrNa kuMbha ane zirAvaTImAM siMha-saMghATanAM zilpA tathA pATaDAmAM kamaLanI vela che. garbhagRhamAM buddha ane anucaronI mUrtio che. (8-9) eDasA ane kArTAnI guphAonA mukhabhAga uparyukata sarva guphAonA mukhabhAga karatAM judA paDe che. kArlAnA bhavya pravezakhaMDanI baMne bAjue manehara tAraNavALI jALIdAra paDadI AvelI che. tenI rata bhAvalinA staMbhAmAM pUrNa ghaTAkAra kuMbhI, aSTakoNIya staMbhadaMDa ane vividha ghATanI zirAo Avela che. kArlAnI guphAmAM hInayAna sthApatyazailInA sarvotkRSTa aMze| daSTigocara thAya che. caityanA stUpa UMcA naLAkAra che ane te be vedikApatha(kaTheDAyukata pradakSiNApatha)thI vibhUSita che. enI uparanuM kASThanuM chatra adyApiparyaMta surakSita che. caityagRhane sabhAbhavanavALA bhAga be mALanA che. nIcenA mALamAM traNa pravezadvAro che ane uparanA mALamAM gelerI che. jharUkhAnuM lAkaDAkAma paNa haju sudhI surakSita che. jharUkhAne TekavatI sta bhAvalinI zirAo pilakhArA ane beDasAnA staMbhAnI zirAvaTIo sAthe sAmya dharAve che, paNa kadamAM te vadhu vistRta ane vadhu nimita(projected) che. beDasAnI guphAnI sAme Avela pravezamaMDapanA staMbhA para pazuzI kA che. staMbhA aSTakoNIya che. nIcalA bhAge pUrNa kuMbha racanA che. kuMbhanA mukhamAMthI nIce jhUkatI kamaLapAMdaDIe niSpanna thatI darzAvI che. staMbhAnAM pazuzISa`komAM hayasa ghATa ane gajasa ghATanAM zilpA che ane upara ArohI yugalA che. caityagRhane mahAro (facade) vedikAnI bhAta vaDe alaMkRta hatA. enA samagra mukhabhAganI racanA kArlAnA caityagRhanA mukhabhAga sAthe sAmya dharAve che. kArlAnA caityabhavananI bahAra be zilA-dhvajasta bhAnA avazeSo paDelA che. A zilAsta bheAnI sauthI uparanI Toca para eka vakhata AvelA dhacakrane TekavatA cAra siMhAnAM AlekhanA avazeSarUpe ahIM pahelAM najare paDe che. 10) kaNDerInuM caityagRha kArlAnA caityagRha sAthe racanA paratve sAmya dharAve che. A caityagRhanI sAme Avela prAMgaNa cAtarapha suMdara alaMkRta vedikA vaDe AvRtta thayelu che. vedikAnI staMbhikArI tathA sUci para anekavidha alaMkaraNA che. vedikAnA adhiSThAnanI paTTikAmAM yakSAnI mUrtio tathA vRttAkAra puSpAnAM AlekhanA che. emAMnA keTalAka yakSA caturbhuja che. badhA yakSA hAtha UMcA laI uparanA bhAranuM vahana karatA hAya tevI mudrAmAM darzAvyA che. tethI temane bhAraputraka(bhArapu--bhAravaTiyA)nI saMjJA ApI zakAya. sAMcI, bharadbhuta ane anya sthaLAe Avela guphAomAM kIcaka(kiMkara) mUrti e jovAmAM Ave che, jeo bahudhA A ja mudrAmAM AlekhAI

Page #117
bhAratIya prAcIna zikSA che. bhAraputrakonI uparanI ADI paTTImAM hAthI, vRSabha, varAha, UMTa vagere pazuzilpa kotarelAM che. A tharanI upara vedikAstaMbhenI paMkita che. staMbha-aMtarAla vacce traNa traNa ADI sUcio parovelI che. e para sUryamukhI kula tathA ardhacaMdrAkAra kamaladala kotaryA che. mathurAnA stUpanI padmavara vedikAnI pratikRti samAna A racanA che. vedikAnA mathALe vela uSNISano ghATa laherAtI vela jevo che. emAM anekavidha phUlapAnanI bhAta kotarelI che. vedikAnA staMbhamAM vaccenA pahoLA staMbho upara upAsakonAM zilpo kotarelAM che. vedikAnA baMne cheDe kArlAnA kIrti staMbhane maLato eka eka staMbha che. tenA zIrSabhAgamAM yakSonA mastakAzrita aMDabhAga ke cokI para traNa dizAne abhimukha karatA siMhe kotarelA che. emanAM mastaka para -dharmacakra AveluM hatuM. DAbI bAjunA staMbha paranA siMhe paNa have naSTa thayA che. A caityagRhanA mukha bhAga para dAna denArAnI bhavya mUrtio kotarelI che. baMne bAju Avela daMpatI-yugalonI mUrtio be siMhastaMbha tathA upara nIce grAsa paTTIo vaDe pariveSTita che. purUSe mastaka para bhAre uSNISa, karNa kuMDala, kaMThahAra, aMgada, kaTaka, mekhalA tathA cUDIdAra dhotiyuM paheryuM che. enA DAbA hAthamAM cAmara che. purUSonI paDakhe Avela strIonA vastrAlaMkAro paNa tevA ja ghATanA che. maMDapanI baMne bAjue tathA tRpane pharatA kula 34 staMbhonI paMkita che. temAMnA lagabhaga aDadhAnI nIce pUrNa ghaTayukata kuMbhI tathA upara suzobhita zIrSaka che. eka zIrSaka para kamalapattInI paMkita ane te para maNakAnI vela che. tenA upara bodhivRkSa ane bodhimaDa(Asana)nI zobhA che. bodhimaDa para pAdukAnAM cihno aMkita karelAM che. eka purUSa ane eka strI tenI pUjA karatAM AlekhAyAM che. sauthI upara ghaDAmAMthI jalAbhiSeka karatA hAthIo che. maMDapanI DholAkAra chatamAM kASThapiMjaranI racanA darzAvatAM zilpo hatAM, paNa enA avazeSo jaLavAI rahyA nathI. A caityagRha I.sa. 180mAM kaMDArAyAnuM enA lekha parathI jaNAya che. 10) vaMgI zailI prastuta kAlamAM dakSiNamAM Andha (sAtavAhana) rAjAe tathA IkavAku rAjAonA zAsana daramyAna kRSNA ane godAvarI vaccenA pradezamAM aneka bauddha stUpa baMdhAyA -hatA. AmAM amarAvatI ane nAgArjunIkaDA, jaggaya peTa, ghaMTazAlA, guDIvADA ane bhaTTILunA stUpe nAmAMkita che. A stUpo paikI keTalAkanA pITha bhAga para ArasanI alpamUrta zilpapaTTikAe jovA maLe che. emAM amarAvatInA sUpa paranuM zilpakAma utkRSTa prakAranuM hovAnuM mAluma paDyuM che. emanI zilpazailI "oMgI zailI" tarIke prasiddha che.

Page #118
5 : anusauya kAlIna zilpakalA jaggayapeTa tathA amarAvatInA stUpa paranAM zilpAmAM vegI zailInAM prAthamika lakSaNA pragaTa thAya che. amarAvatI A zailInuM mukhya kendra hoya ema lAge che. A zailI I.sa. nI 2 jI sadI sudhImAM tenI sarvotkRSTa kakSAe pahoMcI hatI. nAgArjunI, alluru, gumaDIDu ane gAllI vagere sthaLoethI paNa A zailInAM zilpA maLI AvyAM che. A zailI tenAM sthAnika lakSaNA sAthe zaka-kuSANa--AMdhrakAlIna zilpazailInAM tamAma AgavAM lakSaNo dhAraNa karatI jaNAya che. AthI dakSiNamAM vikAsa pAmelI A zailI rUpavidhAnanI dRSTie uttara bhAratIya hatI ema kahI zakAya.. amarAvatInI utkRSTa zilpakalAnA dyotaka namUnAo asala sthaLa para meAjuda nathI, paNa tenAM ghaNAM zilpo paikInAM keTalAMka stUpanI vedikA ane kiA tathA aMDanAM zilpA hAla laMDananA briTiza myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. 109 amarAvatInAM jevAM ja nAgArjunIkoMDAnAM zilpA che. A zilpA I.sa.nI 2 jI-3 jI sadInAM che. A samaya ve`gI zailInA suvarNa kAla gaNAya che. alluru ane gumaDIDurranAM zilpo paNa A ja kAlanAM che. alabatta, A zilpo ve...gIzailInAM preraNAkendra samA amarAvatInAM zilpA jevAM uttama keoTinAM nathI. gAllInAM zilpAmAM zailInAM vaLatAM pANI najare paDe che. pAchaLanA samayanA pallava-cAlukayakAlanAM bAMdhakAmeA 52 ve gIzailInAM zilpAnI bhAre asara varatAya che. amarAvatInA rUpamAM zilpAnAM be stara jovA maLe che. IsunI 1 lI sadImAM A stUpa para aMkita thayela zilpAmAM jaggayapeTanA stUpa paranAM zilpAnA jevuM bhArepaNuM najare paDe che. alabatta, emAMnuM takSaNa vadhu gheruM-UMDuM thayeluM che. paNa IsunI 2 jI sadInA bIjA ane trIjA caraNamAM A rUpanuM punarnirmANa thatAM e vakhate thayelAM zilpAmAM vegIzailInI sarvotkRSTatA dRSTigeAcara thAya che. emAM paNa vedikAnI baMne bAjue tathA stUpanA AcchAdanamAM vaparAyela paththaro para utkRSTa svarUpanAM anekavidha mAnuSa-AkRtio ane alaMkaraNA aMkita thayelAM che. sAtavAhaneAnA samayamAM dakSiNa bhArata dariyAI vepAranI samRddhinA kAraNe jAhejilAlImAM hatuM. tene paDagho ahIM paDelA dekhAya che. bhAratIya zilpazailI enA vizuddhatama svarUpa ane sattva sAthe ahIM nirUpita thayelI jovA maLe che. A zailInAM kalAtmaka ane bhavya zilpAmAM AjubAjunAM sthApatyakIya svarUpe ane dRzyo karatAM mAnava AkRtine prAdhAnya apAyu che. ahIM mAnava sarva pravRttinA kendramAM che. eka pachI eka seMkaDo dRzyA rajU karatAM zilpomAM sarvatra manuSya ja judI judI bhAvabha gIomAM, halanacalanamAM, beThelA, UbhA, vAMkAvaLelA, sUtelA, nAcatA, kUdatA, kartavyalIna sthitimAM, lAMbA, pAtaLA, UMcA,

Page #119
bhANIya prAcIna zihapakA pagavALA chatAM bhAre ne majabUta khabhA ane chAtIvALA jANe ke zailIne gati ApatA hoya tema AlekhAyA che. A zailInAM zilpAno viSaya bauddha dharmano che, chatAM anekavidha dunyavI mAnuSI bhAva ane sAMsArika paristhitionuM utkaTa Alekhana temAM thayuM che. AthI kumArasvAmIe tenI A viziSTatA para dhyAna deratAM amarAvatInI kalA vize kahyuM che ke "e bhAratIya zilpanuM madhura ane mArdavabharyuM puSpa che" (the most voluntuous and the most delicate flower of Indian Sculture). 2410471, amarAvatInI ane nAgArjunIkaDAnI kalAmAM viSayAzakitanuM Alekhana vizeSa che. paraMtu mathurAzailImAM Alekhita ughADA zRMgAra karatAM nirdoSa ullAsapUrNa zRMgAra ahIM AvirbhAva pAmyo che. enuM vAstavadarzana surucipUrNa che. amarAvatInAM zi amarAvatInA stUpanI jaLavAI rahelAM zilpAnI saMkhyA Azva pradezamAMthI prApta thayela koIpaNa stUpanI zilpasaMkhyA karatAM vizeSa che. eTaluM ja nahIM, lagabhaga 500 varSanA vikAsane itihAsa rajU karatAM A zilpo kalAdaSTie paNa atyaMta suMdara ane vaividhyapUrNa viSayo tAdaza kare che. zilponI zailI ane tenA para aMkita thayela lekhonI lipinA AdhAre A zilpone kAlAnukramanI dRSTie cAra staramAM vaheMcavAmAM Ave che: 1) AraMbha kAla-I. sa. pUrve 2 jI sadI (zuM kAla) 2) madhyakAla-I. sa. nI 1 lI sadI (sAtavAhana rAjA pulumAvina zAsanakAla) (3) caramotkarSa ke paripakava avasthA-I. sa. 150-200 (zrIyajJazrI sAtakaNane zAsanakAla) 4) aMtima avasthA-I. sa. nI 3 jI sadI (IvAku rAjAono samaya) AraMbhakAlIna zilpanI kotarakAmanI zailI ane vezabhUSA bharaDutanAM tathA ajaMTAnI guphA naM. 9 ane naM. 10 nAM zilpo sAthe sAmya dharAve che. A kAlanAM zilpo jUja saMkhyAmAM ane khaMDita avasthAmAM maLyAM che. mUrtionAM mastaka para bhAre uSNISa, kAnamAM agrabhAge corasa ane pRSTha bhAge vRttAkAra kuMDaLo, gaLAmAM corasa padakavALA kaMThahAra ane netro kaTAkSayukata che. aMgamAM nizcalatAnI sAthe bhAvAbhivyakitamAM sthiratA che. bAhu para valaNIo ane AMgaLIo para aMguThThIo che. strI-mUrtionI kaTimekhalA pahoLI paTImAM corasa padakanI paMkitavALI che. puruSaAkRtione kaTibaMdha sudharAtmaka ghATano (vaLa caDAvelA doraDA jevo che. strI-mUrti

Page #120
1: mIyAlIna zikahA 111 emAM mekhalAbaMdha para kAyabaMdha (udarabaMdha paNa che. jaMghA para aMkita karela rekhAo teNe dhAraNa karela bArIka vastra ane tenI valIonI sUcaka che. temanA paganI pAnIo eDI bhAge joDelI ane paMjA bhAge khullI che. A kAlapaTanI koI buddha mUrti maLI nathI paNa bauddha pratIkonAM aMkana maLyAM che. vedikA-uNISa para khabhApara cazamAlya dhAraNa karatI nAnI yakSamUrtio aMkita karelI che. A prakAranI yakSamUrtio sAMcI, bharata ane pazcima bhAratanI guphAomAM jovAmAM Ave che. keTalIka jagyAe hAthInAM mastakIyukata laMbodara yakSa (kIcaka)nI mUrtio che, jenI pAchaLanA samayamAM gaNezamUrtimAM vikAsa thayo. IhAmRga pazuomAM zyanavyAla eTale ke garuDa mastaka ane siMha zarIranI baliSTha ane prabhAvazALI AkRtio noMdhapAtra che. alaMkaraNarUpa kInArIomAM ghaMTA paMkita uparAMta makaramukhamAMthI niSpanna thatI phUlavela-bhAta paNa noMdhapAtra che. amarAvatInAM zilpanA vikAsanI bIjI avasthAmAM zailI adhika svAbhAvika bane che ane navI navI aMgabhaMgIo pragaTAve che. A avasthAnI zilpazailI mathurAnI prAraMbhika kuSANa kalA sAthe sAmya dharAve che. vAsiSThiputra pulumAvine A kAla sAtavAhana sattAna sarvotkRSTa kAla hato. sAmrAjyano vaibhava enI pUrve ane pazcime laherAtA samudrane AbhArI hato. A kAlanA zilApaTTo para buddhanI jIvanaghaTanAonuM Alekhana thayuM che. alabatta, buddhanuM citraNa to bahudhA pratIka dvArA ja thayuM che. tema chatAM buddhanI eka be sthaLe pratimAo jovAmAM Ave che. temanI mukhamudrA saraLa adhyAtma bhAvane pragaTa kare che. e mathurAzailInA kaTarAnA buddhanI mUrti sAthe sAmya dharAve che. amarAvatI-kalAnI trIjI avasthA paripakava hathoTInI che. A samaye dakSiNa bhAratamAM sthApatya ane zilpa sarvocca kakSAe pahoMcyAM hatAM. IsunI 2 jI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM sAtavAhanonI sAmrAjyalakSmI sauMdarya, saMpatti ane yazanI carama sImAe pahoMcI hatI. AnuM pramANa amarAvatInA panA vedikAstaMbha, uSNISa, sUcI, AmakamaMca, AmakastaMbha paranI vaidikA ane aMDabhAga paranI suzobhana paTTIo tathA sUpapaTTa, cakrapaTTa, svastika5TTa, pUrNaghaTapaTTa, triratnapaTTa, vagere zilApaTTo ane buddhanA jIvana-prasaMgone lagatA anya zilApaTTonA rUpamAM upalabdha bane che. mUrtionA bahumukhI bhAva ane aMgavinyAsa svagaya AnaMdane pRthvI para sAkAra kare che. sadA masta ane nRttarata devonI krIDAo atula AnaMda pragaTAve che. buddhanA pArthiva cUDA (mastakaAbhUSaNa)nI pUjA mATe devagaNa utkaTa banyo te prasaMganuM Alekhana stUpanA cUDA para zilpapaTTamAM thayuM che.

Page #121
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA rUpanI bhUmigata 13 phUTa UMcI mahAvedikAnuM nirmANa A samaye thayuM. ema kahevAya che ke bauddhonA mahAna AcAya nAgArjunanI preraNAthI A vedikA racAI. enA sta MbheA paranA pUrNa ke avikasita phUlA para, tenI cAre bAjue karelAM zilpAMkano para, paricakra-puSkaro para, uSNISa ane veSTinInA agra tema ja pRSTha bhAgA para je dRzyA, suzAbhanA ke rUpAMkana aMkita che, tenI zAbhAnA mukAbalA bhAratanA koI paNa stUpa, caitya ke vihAranAM zilpo karI zake tema nathI. stUpanA UrdhvapaTTo AvI ja koSTha kalAnA sAkSI che ne e AMdhranA pASANazilpIenI kalApratibhA ane dakSatAne pUrNapaNe pragaTa kare che. 10 thI 13 phUTa lAMbA zilpapaTTI para aneka dRzyo alaga alaga hovA chatAM eka ja kathAsUtrane anusare che. pratyeka Urdhva paTTanuM dana evI anubhUti karAve che ke te koIka vilakSaNa AnaMda-jagatamAM deva, manuSya ane pazuone samabhAgI banAve che. A alpa ke adhikamU mUrtiomAM vividhaaMgabhaMgI, lacaka, taralatA ane gati pragaTa thAya che. ahIM bauddha pratIkomAM "pAdukApaTTa'nA upayoga vizeSa thayA che. tenI sAthe agniskandha (agnistaMbha) paNa darzAvyA che. A agniska dha prajJA, mahAna sta Mbha ke stUpanuM pratIka che, jenuM mUrta da"na khuda buddha che. A samayanA buddhanA prajJA zarIramAMthI pragaTa thatuM eka kiraNa svalAka ane saMpUrNa brahmAMDamAM parivyApta thayeluM che. buddhanA atimAnava svarUpanI A kalpanA agnistaMbharUpe zilpamAM AkAra pAmI che. 113 ahIMnAM zilpAmAM sahasra ke zatasahasra daleAnI kamalamAlAnuM bAhulya noMdhapAtra che. lagabhaga dareka pAtranA hAthamAM te jovA maLe che. enA saMketa e che ke badhA manuSya puSpaparAganI mAphaka ekasUtre gUMthAyelA che ne te badhA maLIne devatvarUpa stUpanI pUjA kare che. mAlAne kayAMka kayAMka makaramukhamAMthI te kayAMka yakSanA mukhamAMthI niSpanna thatI darzAvI che. makara mahAsamudrAdhipati varUNanu vAhana che. yakSa vaizrAvaNa(kubera)nA anucara che. baMne saMjogAmAM temanA mukhamAMthI niSpanna thatI mAlA aizvaryAMnuMpratIka che. rAjagRhanI saDaka 52 nalagiri hAthInuM buddha dvArA damana ane hAthInI zaraNAgati (AkRti 20) ane samrATa udayananI peAtAnA bhayabhIta aMta:pura para bANa varSA, jevAM dRzyAmAM saMkhyAbaMdha manuSyone eka sAthe darzAvavAmAM amarAvatInA kalAsiddhone bhAre viziSTa saphaLatA maLI che. amarAvatInAM zilpA enI cothI avasthAmAM nAgArjunIkoMDAnAM zilpA sAthe sAmya dharAve che. te sAthe tenI avanata sthitinuM paNa darzIna karAve che. A kAla daramyAna keTalAya zilpapaTTonuM navanirmANa karavAnA prayAsa thayo che, paNa temAM pahelAM jevI gatizIlatA aMkita thaI zakI nathI. zilpazailI paNa rUDhigata banelI jaNAya

Page #122
pa anumauryakAlIna zi05 che. mUrtio AkAramAM kaMIka lAMbI ane beDoLa banI gaI che. zarIra para motIonI mALAonuM bAhulya che. strIpurUe nahIM prathama vAra mukatAphaLanAM yajJopavIta dhAraNa karyA che. AbhUSaNamAM sUkSma motIonI mAlAono rivAja ahIM pahelI vAra dRSTigocara thAya che, je gupta kAlamAM vyApaka svarUpe dekhA de che. vaLI A kAlamAM sau prathama vAra sImA-makarikA(dAmaNI) nAmanuM zirobhUSaNanuM aMkana najare paDe che. A AbhUSaNa gupta kAlamAM khUba pracalita banyuM hatuM. tevI rIte siMhamukha ke kIrtimukha tarIke oLakhAtuM "gAsa" alaMkaraNa paNa ahIM ja sarva prathama jovA maLe che. yajJopavIta, sImA-makarikA, kIrti mukhagrAsa, strI purUSa sahita gavAkSa vAtAyana, makarataraNa vagere to amarAvatInAM cethI avasthAnAM zilpAnAM viziSTa lakSaNa tarIke AkAra pAmatAM jaNAya che. nAgAjunIkeDAnAM zila amarAvatI samAna mUrtizilpa ane zilpapaTTo nAgArja nIkaDAnA stUpa para paNa jovA maLe che. Aje mULa stUpa hayAta nathI paNa e tenA sthAnanI nikaTanA sarakArI myujhiyamamAM surakSita rakhAyA che. emAM nIcenAM dazyo aMkita thayelAM che: 1. tusita svargamAM devo dvArA bodhisatva pRthvI para janma le tevI prArthanAnuM dazya. emAM bodhisatva lalitAsanamAM beThelA che. teo jamaNA hAthanI mudrA vaDe devonI prArthanAno svIkAra kare che. emanI copAsa ATha devo UbhelA ke beThelI sthitimAM che. samagra zilpazyanA AyojanamAM sapramANatA jaLavAI che. vezabhUSA ane alaMkaraNo nayanaramya che. paTTanI upalI bAjue traNa suzobhana-paTTikAo che. temAM anurUpa kamaLa, vyAdha ke grAsa ane triratnanI hAramALA kotarelI che. zveta hAthInA rUpamAM buddhanuM avataraNa (garbhAvakrAMti), devo dvArA buddhanI pUjA ane buddhinuM Asana devoe skaMdha para dhAraNa karyAnuM dazya aMkita thayuM che. 3. svapnakathana-rAjA zuddhodana buddha-janmanuM janmaphaLa sAMbhaLI rahyA che. jati pInI DAbI bAjue zuddhodana ane mAyAdevI beThAM che. jamaNI bAjue mAyAnA garbhanuM rakSaNa karatA Indra sahita cAra devo beThA che. temanI sAthe brAhmaNa. vezadhArI jyotiSI che. bhA. prA. zi. 8

Page #123
114 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA 4. buddha-janma ane saptapadI-rANI mAyAdevI kusumita zAla vRkSa nIce UbhAM che. DAbI bAjue cAmara ane pANInI jhArI che, je prathama abhiSeka mATenI che. jamaNI bAjue chatraprAhiNI strI ane be cAmara adazya buddha mATe che. cAra lokapALo buddhanA saptapadI- cihna aMkita karelAM uttarIya vastro laIne UbhA che. asitanuM Agamana-buddha-janmano trayatriMza svargamAM ane kapilavastunA rAjaprAsAdamAM moTo utsava thAya che. brAhmaNa asita buddhanA janmanA samAcAra jANI rAjaprAsAdamAM Ave che ane rAjAnI prArthanAthI te janmakuMDaLI banAve che ane bhaviSya-phaLanuM kathana kare che. bALaka siddhArthane laI mAtA-pitA kapilavastunI bahAra Avela zAkya caiityanI pUjA arthe jAya che. caityanA adhiSThAtA yakSadeva svayaM pragaTa thaI bALakane aMjali mudrAmAM praNAma kare che. buddhanAM pada-cina kapaDAM para aMkita karelAM che. cAmaragrAhI tenI baMne bAjue che. jamaNI bAju maMDapa nIce toraNayukata Asana para rAjA zuddhodana beThA che. tenI pAchaLa mAyAdevI che. temanI sAme jaTAdhArI RSi che. te potAnA khoLAmAM buddhane laIne beThA che, je tenA vastra para aMkita padacihna dvArA dekhADavAmAM Avela che. 6. mahAbhiniSkramaNano prasaMga aMkita che. 7. gautamanA uSNISane deve svargamAM laI jatA darzAvyA che. 8. mAragharSaNa ane saMbodhiprApti-A paTTa para mArA pitAnI be putrIo dvArA uddhane vicalita karavA prayAsa karI rahela che, tenI jamaNI bAjue tenA anucaro che. madhyamAM bedhavRkSa chAyAmaMDala nIce padmAsanamAM beThelA buddha che. A ja paTTa para eka bAjue mucalinda nAga chatra banIne buddhane vRSTithI saMrakSI rahyA che. buddhanuM dharmacakrapravartana pUrvenuM maMthana darzAvyuM che. bodhi prApti pachI buddha 49 divasa sudhI bodhivRkSa nIce samAdhimAM rahe che. A dazya gaMdhAra kalAmAM kaMkAla dazya tarIke jANItuM che. sujAtAnI khIranuM bhakSaNa, devonI prArthanAthI mAnavone upadeza ApavAno buddhano saMkalpa vagere darzAvela che. 10. prathama dharmopadezane prasaMga aMkita thayo che. emAM vArANasInA mRgadAva udyAnamAM pAMca sAthIone buddha upadeza ApI rahyA che. buddha UMcA Asana

Page #124
5 : anumauryakAlIna zie para beThelA che. AsananI AgaLa be mRga, baMne bAjue eka cAmaragAhI ane be bhilue jovA maLe che. 11. buddhanI dhAtumaMjUSA grahaNa karIne UbhelI nAgamUrtio--emanA hAthamAM pANInI jhArI che. A prakAranI maMjUSA stUpagarbhamAMthI maLI che. A sivAya anya dazyamAM rAjAnI dharmadIkSA, cakravartI samrATa ane tenAM saptaratno, mAlavaka yakSane dharmadIkSA, siddhArthanuM mahAdhanuSya para sarasaMdhAna, nalagiri hAthIne vaza karavo, dIpakaranI buddha-pUjA, zAkya rAjakumAro ane upAlinI dharmadIkSA, naMda sAthe buddhanuM svargagamana, siMhamakara, siMhanArI, AzvasuMdarI, nAgarAja, paNaka, mAMdhAtA jAtaka, nAgarAja para buddhane vijaya, zibi jAtaka, dazaratha jAtaka vagere do kotarelAM che. nAgArjanIkAMThAnAM zilpamAM AMdha zilpanI pUrNAhUti najare paDe che. takSaNanI saphAI, svacchatA, bArIkI, nipuNatA, vastrAlaMkAranI zobhA, manohara rUpa, strI-purUSonAM svastha mAMsala zarIra, chaTApUrNa aMgavinyAsa, viSayavaividhya ane nAvinya A badhAMnI mana para sarasa chApa paDe che.

Page #125
6. gupta-vAkATaka kAlanAM praziSTa zilpo* (I. sa. 350 thI I. sa. 550) gupta-vAkATakakAla bhAratIya itihAsa ane saMskRtino jAhojalAlIne kALa gaNAya che. A kAlanA zAMta ane sahiSNu vAtAvaraNamAM anya lalitakalAonI sAthe zilpakalAno paNa sarvAgI vikAsa thayo. A vikAsa gupta samrATa caMdragupta vikramAdityanA kAlamAM AraMbhAyo hovAnuM manAya che. upalabdha avazeSo, vizeSata: kumAragupta 1lAnA ane skaMdaguptanA samayanA maLe che. emano samaya ekaMdare zAMta hovAthI e kAlamAM kalAne pAMgaravAno su-avasara prApta thayo hovAnuM jaNAya che. kAlidAsa, vizAkhadatta jevA tatkAlIna mahAkavioe potAnI unnata bhAvanAone kAvyo ane nATakonuM rUpa ApyuM to zilpakalAnA pujArIoe potAnA udAra bhAvone paththara, mATI ane dhAtunAM mAdhyamamAM zAzvatarUpa ApyuM. tatkAlIna sAhitya kalAnA divya Adarzo sthApyA to kalAsiddhoe e Adarzone anokhI rIte mUrtimaMta karI batAvyA. rUpa ke sauMdarya e pApavRttione uojavAnuM sAdhana nahi, ene uddeza to ghaNo UMco che- yaducyate pArvati, pApavRttaye na rUpamityavyabhicAri tadvacaH / (mArAMmavam, -36) mahAkavi kAlidAsanI A udAtta bhAvanA guptakAlIna mUrtizilpomAM saphaLatApUrvaka caritArtha thatI jovA maLe che. kalAnA divya AdarzomAMthI preraNA meLavIne kalAsiddhoe sauMdaryanI mahattAne kaluSita thatI bacAvI. AthI guptakAlIna zilpamAM jovA maLatuM sauMdarya mAnavahRdayamAM ullAsa, prema ane AnaMdano saMcAra karavAnI sAthe sAthe cittavRttione UrdhvagAmI banAvavA mATe sahAyaka bane che. saukumAryane gAMbhIrya * gupta-vAkATaka kAlanI zilpazailIne guptakalA ke guptazailIne nAme oLakhavAne rivAja che. enAthI lagabhaga be saikAo daramyAna dezavyApI lagabhaga samAna svarUpanI sArvabhauma kalAnuM sUcana thAya che. guptakalA eTale gupta narezee sajelI kalA nahi, paNa guptazAsana daramyAna uddabhavelI kalA. ahI A vyApaka arthamAM e zabdo prayojayA che.

Page #126
6 : gupta-vAkATakakAlanAM praziSTa zipa 117 sAthe, ramaNIyatAno saMyama sAthe ane yathArthane Adarza sAthe jevo saphaLa ane suMdara samanvaya guptakAlIna kalAmAM jovA maLe che, tevo anyatra durlabha che. 1) sAmAnya lakSaNe I. sa.nI 7 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM bhAratavyApI pravAsa karanAra cInI yAtrI yuana zvAMge Thera Thera seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM bhavya zilpo joyAM hatAM. e paikInA thoDA ja namUnA AkramaNakAronI jhanUnI bhAMgaphoDa ane kALabaLa sAme TakI zakayA che. paNa je namUnAo bacI gayA che, te amUlya che ne temanI kalA paripUrNatA ane paripakavatAnA sarvocca stare pahoMcI hovAnA purAvArUpa che. A stara kevI rIte hAMsala thayuM te enAM viziSTa lakSaNe tapAsatAM spaSTa thAya che. (1) sArvabhaumikatA e guptakalAnuM vyAvartaka lakSaNa manAyuM che. anumauryakAlamAM mUrti zilpanuM sattva sthAnika zilpazailIomAM abhivyakata thatuM hatuM. guptakAlamAM eka samAna sArvabhauma zailImAM e badhAMnuM paryAvasAna thatuM jovA maLe che. AvI sArvabhauma zailI sarvamAnya banI gaI ne uttarakAlamAM AdarzarUpa gaNAi. enA sarvasAmAnyapaNAne laIne A zailImAM vaividhyane abhAva ane nirasatA AvI hovAno uhApoha karavAmAM Avyo che, paNa guptakAlanI koI paNa be mUrtione sarakhAvatAM temanI vacce kalAkAranI AgavI kalAdraSTine laIne taphAvata varatAya ja che. sarvatra jovA maLatuM A kalAgata vaividhya ene nirasa banatI aTakAve che. vastuta: A zilpo akRtrima, svAbhAvika ane vAstavika jaNAya che. (2) gupta zi95kalAmAM jovA maLatI paripUrNatA ane paripakavatA, enA mArgadarzaka siddhAMto susthApita karavAne pariNAme nipajela che. AvA siddhAMtone lagatA keTalAka zAstragraMtho paNa racAyA, jemAM viSNudharmottara, zilparatna ane zukranItisAra agatyanA che. A mArgadarzaka siddhAMtonuM anupAlana mUrtividhAna, citrakalA ane nRtyamAM paNa thayeluM jaNAya che. sAmudAyika rUci, sauMdaryazAstra ane dhArmika Adarzone lakSamAM rAkhIne buddhipUrvaka A siddhAMto ghaDavAmAM AvyA che. AmAM zilpa mATe ghaDAyela tAlamAna, mudrA, Asano vagere siMddhAMto vizeSa mahattva dharAve che. "tAla" sAdhAraNa rIte mastaka paranA vALathI mADIne haDapacI sudhI gaNAta. tAlane aMgula(AMgaLa)mAM vaheMcavAmAM AvatuM. eka tAlanA 12 aMgula gaNAtA. devatAonI mUrtio banAvavA mATe sAdhAraNa rIte "dazatAla-pramANa uttama gaNAtuM. A dazatAlamAM paNa uttama, madhyama ane adhama (anukrame 124, 120 ane 116 aMgula) ema trividha vaividhya pravartatuM. grIko ane romana "ATha mastaka' (eight

Page #127
118 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA head) arthAta 96 aMgula pramANano niyama prayojatA, je sAdhAraNa manuSyanI UMcAI barAbara hatuM. bhAratIya zilpIoe potAnAM zilpa mATe "dazatAlano siddhAMta yojIne e sAdhAraNa manuSya nahi paNa atimAnuSa che ema darzAvyuM. hAtha ane AMgaLIonI mudrAmAM paNa guptakAlamAM vikAsa thayela jovA maLe che. emAM kaTakahasta, lolahasta ane aMjalihasta vAraMvAra prayojAyela che. padmadhAraNa karyA bhAva darzAvate kaTakahasta saMsargane; hastAMDane kaDaka lAMbo rAkhI pahoMcAne nIce tarapha vALela lolahasta (gajahasta ke lambasta) vizrAnti ke svasthatAno ane be hatheLIo joDela aMjalihasta bhakita-prapattino sUcaka che. A uparAMta varada, abhaya, vyAkhyAna, bhUmisparza jevI hastamudrAe paNa vAraMvAra prayojAI che. chellI be mudrAo buddhanI mUrtiomAM jovA maLe che. guptakAlIna mUrtizilpa sthAnaka(Ubhela), Asana(beThela) ane zayana ema traNa sthitimAM dRSTigocara thAya che. sthAnaka-pratimAo samabhaMga(sIdhI UbhelI), AbhaMga(saheja vaLela), tribhaMga(traNa jagyAethI vaLela) ane atibhaMga(khUba vaLela) sthitimAM maLe che. Asana-pratimAomAM vajaparyaka(TAra beThela), padmaparyaka(saheja ArAmathI beThela) ane ardhaparyaka (pUrNa ArAmathI beThelI jovA maLe che. A badhA siddhAMta guptakAlIna kalAsiddhoe manuSyo ane devatAonI zilpakRtio karavAmAM prajyA che. (3) deharacanAmAM prakRti-sArUkha paNa gupta kalAnuM viziSTa lakSaNa che. guptakAlamAM manuSya-AkAranuM prAdhAnya sthapAyeluM jovA maLe che. tethI prAkRtika to ahIM gauNa svarUpe ane ghaNe bhAge enI sajAvaTamAM prayojAyAM che. strI-purUSanAM alaukika dehasauSThavanA rUpavidhAna mATe prAkRtika tattvono Azraya levAyo. strI-puruSonAM, vizeSata: strInAM aMgaupAMgonuM sArUpya prAkRtika padArtho, prANIo ane pakSIonAM aMgopAMgomAMthI levAmAM AvyuM. kAlidAsa vagere kavioe potAnAM nArIpAtronuM alaukika sauMdarya vyakata karavA prAkRtika padArtho, prANIo ane pakSIonI sRSTimAMthI upamAe prayojelI. ahIM zilpIoe ene sAkAra karI batAvI hovAnuM jaNAya che. aMDAkAra, pAnAkAra ke caMdrAkAra mukha, dhanuSpAkAra lalATa; dhanuSya ke nImanA pAnanA AkAranI bhammara, kamaLa, kamaLapatra, matsya, khaMjanapakSI ke hiraNanAM netra ghATanAM nayana; tilapuchyuM ke zukanAsikA jevuM nAka; biMbaphaLa jevA oSTha, kerInI goTalI jevI dATI, zaMkhAkAra kaMTha, gaMDasthala samA skaMdha; siMhakaTi ke DamarU AkAranI kaTi; keLanA staMbha jevA Uru vagere mUrtiomAM AkAra pAmelAM jaNAya che. A tattva

Page #128
6 gupta-zAphATakakAlanAM praziSTa zilpo 119 kalAkAroe buddhipUrvaka prayojelAM che. dA. ta. nirdoSa kumArInI AMkhA haraNanA netra ghATanI batAvI che, jyAre rasika mugdhAnI AMkhA mInAkAra darzAvI che. (4) guptakAlIna zilpa kRtiomAM pUrva kAlamAM jovA maLatA bhAre sthULa dehanA sthAne ekavaDA ke madhyama bAMdhAne yauvanapUrNa deha satra dRSTigAcara thAya che. A kAlanA kalAkArone jIvananI aMtarbhAvanAnI pUrNa abhivyakita yauvanamAMja jaNAI che. tethI emanAM mUrti zilpomAM yauvana peAtAnA carama rUpamAM prasphuTa thayuM che. deharacanAmAM sAMdhA ane snAyue batAvavAmAM AvatA nahi hovAthI aMgaupAMgeAmAM maneAhara gALAI lAvI zakAI che. AthI kuSANakAlIna mUrtionI sarakhAmaNImAM ahIM. agAnI racanA atyaMta komaLa ane kamanIya banI che. aMDAkAra ke pAnAkAra caherA; gALa-gALa bAhuo; gAla para saheja khaMjana; nIcalA hATha saheja meTo ane nIce laTakatA; aMgeAmAM vizeSa prakAranI lacaka ane UbhA rahevAmAM AkarSaka chaTA--A badhAM A kAlanAM zilponAM viziSTa lakSaNA che. dedIpyamAna mukha ane adhakhulI AMkheA bAhya saMsAra tarapha jovAne badale aMdaranI tarapha jotI jaNAya che. A prakAranuM aMkana kevaLa devadevIonI pratimAomAM ja nahi, balke sAmAnya strI-purUSonAM mUrti zilpAmAM paNa dRSTigAcara thAya che. strI-puruSonAM parivezamAM suruci ane pariSkAra jaNAya che. vastrAbhUSaNa sUkSma che, je bojArUpa niha banatAM kevaLa mUrtinA sauMdaryamAM vRddhi karanArAM che. pAradarzI ka vastrAmAM zarIranA pratyeka aMgane UpasAvIne spaSTa darzAvyuM che. A kAlanI mathurAkendranI mUrtionI saMghATI(upavastra) para karacalIo paNa jovA maLe che. adhAvasrane kaTiva sAthe bAMdheluM che. puruSone khabhA sudhI laTakatA kuMtala-kuMcita kezavALA batAvyA che, jyAre strIoe alaka-jALa dhAraNa karelI che. AbhUSaNA suruci-pU gaNyAMgAMThamAM ja dhAraNa karelAM che. gaLAmAM meAtIenI ekAvalI e emanI AgavI vizeSatA che. khUba the|DA alaMkAro prayojyA hovA chatAM mUrtinI surUpatAmAM karyAMya eTa AvatI jaNAtI nathI. agAu joyuM tema guptakAlIna mUrti zilpAmAM sarvatra eka sArva bhaumikatA dekhAya che. tema chatAM deharacanAnI bAbatamAM keTaluMka prAdezika aMtara paNa jovA maLe che; jemake, bharahuta ane sAMcInI kalAthI prabhAvita thayelA uttara-pazcima ane pazcima bhAratanA kalAkAroe nArInAM vakSAnuM pUrNa vikasita aMkana karyuM` che. sAranAtha zailInA kalAkAroe nArInI kSINa kaTine peAtAne Adarza banAvyA che. pUrva bhArata. ane madhyadezanAM zilpomAM paNa keTaluMka sthAnika vaividhya pravarte che.

Page #129
120 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA (5) gukha zilpakalA rUpa-pradhAnanI sAthe bhAva-pradhAna paNa che. jevI rIte A kALanA saMskRta kAvyamAM kalApakSa ane bhAvapakSane jema apUrva samanvaya thayelo jovA maLe che, tema zilpakalAmAM paNa bAhya sauMdaryanI sAthe AMtarika ane AdhyAtmika bhAvavyaMjanA samanvita thayelI dRSTigocara thAya che. A samayanA kalAsiddha vastunA rUpane sarvAMgasuMdarabanAvavAmAM jeTalA nipuNa hatA, eTalA ja potAnA AMtarika ane AdhyAtmika bhAvone suMdara kRtiomAM anusUta karavAmAM siddhahasta hatA. guptakAlIna zilpo AdhyAtmika kAMti ane AMtarika zAMtithI vyApta jovA maLe che. alabatta, mAnavAkRti-pratimAnuM vidhAna ja kalAkArane mukhya viSaya hato, tathApi emAM eNe pArthiva sauMdaryathI adhika alaukika sauMdarya pragaTa karavAmAM dhyAna kendrita karyuM che. A kAlanI mUrtionA mukhamaMDaLa para apUrva prabhA, gaMbharatA, zAMti ane svAbhAvikatA varatAya che. rUpa ane bhAvano samanvaya AvA uttama rUpe anyatra durlabha che. (6) guptakAlanI buddhamUrtio keTalIka vizeSatAo dharAvavAne laIne pUrvavatI mUrtio karatAM judI paDI Ave che. kuSANakAlIna mUrtimAM prabhAmaMDaLa sAdu rakhAtuM te guptakAlamAM pUrNata: alaMkaraNayukata banI gayuM. emAM ene kamaLa ane anya AkRtiothI sajAvavAmAM AvyuM. kuSANakAlIna mUrtiomAM saMghATI jamaNA khabhA para jovA maLatI nahotI. A kAlamAM saMghATIthI baMne khabhA DhaMkAyelA jovA maLe che. agAu buddhanuM mastaka muMDita (ke kevaLa eka laTayukata rakhAtuM), paNa guptakAlamAM e kuMtala kuMcita keza ane uSNISayukata daSTigocara thAya che. agAu buddhanI baMne bhammaro vacce darzAvAtI UrNAne ahIM lopa karavAmAM Avyo. vaLI bhammaro agAu jevI cApAkAra nahi karatAM sIdhI karavAmAM AvI. buddhanI mUrtio AbhUSaNa rahita che, jyAre bodhisattvanI mUrtiomAM AchAM AbhUSaNe najare paDe che. (3) sthApatya sAthe zilpakalAne saMpUkata saMbaMdha agAunI sarakhAmaNImAM vadhelo jaNAya che. vANI ane arthanI jema A baMne kalAono anyAzrita saMbaMdha bhAratIya kalAnI vizeSatA che. te guptakAlamAM vizeSa praskuTa thato duSaTagocara thAya che. pUrvavatI kAlamAM bhavanane sajAvavAne saMbhavata: rivAja nahoto. A kAlamAM devaprAsAdanI jema bhavane ane makAnone paNa sajAvavAmAM AvatAM. AvAM sajAvaTI zilpamAM bhAla, kIrti mukha, gaMgA ane yamunA, zaMkha, kamaLa tathA vividha patralatAkArono samAveza thato. (8) guptakAlIna zilpakalA enI pUrvavata ane uttaravatI kalAothI keTalIka - bAbatamAM spaSTata: judI paDe che. gaMdhAra ane mathurAnI kalAmAM videzI tattvono pribhAva pArakhI zakAto ho, guptakAlamAM pUrvavata kalAonAM badhAM tattvonuM rasAyana

Page #130
63 gupta-vAkATakakAlanAM praziSTa ziho thaI gayu hovAthI videzI prabhAva jhaTa varatAtA nathI. A saMdarbhamAM Do. umAkAMta zAhanuM maMtavya noMdhapAtra che: "cAra cAra saikAothI romana prajA sAthe je vyApArI ane sAMskRtika vinimaya zarU thaI vadhyA hatA tethI, ane pAchaLathI romana sAmrAjya chinnabhinna thavAne lIdhe bhAratamAM vasI rahelA rAmanAnI paNa vidyA ane kalAne bhArate apanAvI ane bhAratIya saMskRtinA raMge 2MgI navIna bhAratIya svarUpamAM rajU karI. guptakAlamAM grIka ane romana kalAnI AvI asarA (pachI bhale te thADI ke vadhAre hoya) kabUla nahi karavAmAM saMkucita prAdezika maneAvRtti che." * 121 gaMdhAramAM skeTiyA ane mathurAmAM rAtA paththaranI mUrtio banatI hatI. guptakAlIna mUrti e cunAranI khANanA sapheda retiyA paththaramAMthI banelI che. A zilpakalA koI vizeSa dharma saMpradAya sAthe saMlagna na rahetAM pUrvavartI mathurAkalAnI jema ghaNA kharA dha saMpradAyomAM UtarIne prasAra pAmelI jaNAya che. guptottarakAlamAM bhAratIya zilpakalAmAM prAkRtika ane sAMsArika viSayAne vyApaka samAveza thatA jovA maLe che, paNa gupta kalA te prAcIna paddhati anusAranI dharmapradhAna kalA ja che. ramezacaMdra majumadAranA zabdAmAM kahIe teA, saMkSepamAM tAla, gati ane sauMdaryaMnI ucca bhAvanAthI paripUrNa ucca Adarza ja guptakAlIna zilpAnI vizeSatA che. emanI kalA ane enA nirmANamAM oja ane suruci nitare che. guptakalAmAM bauddhikatAnI pradhAnatA che ne ene laIne ucca vikasita bhAvanA ane atyadhika aMkaraNAne niyaMtrita karavAmAM e susamartha thaI zakI che. guptakalAnA prabhAva bhArata pUratA sImita na rahetAM bhArata bahAranA keTalAka dezeA sudhI vistaryo che. malayadvIpakalpa, sumAtrA, jAvA, anAma temaja kabADiyAnAM prAcIna zilpA para guptakalAnI amiTa chApa dRSTigAcara thAya che."+ ahIM guptakAlIna zilpAnA sagavaDatA khAtara cAra prAdezika vibhAgA-uttara ane pUrva bhArata, madhya pradeza, gujarAta tathA dakhkhaNa-mAM vaheMcIne abhyAsa karavA abhipreta che. (ra) uttara ane pUrva bhAratanAM zipA gupta zailInA udgama mathurA ke sAranAthamAM thayA e prazna hamaNAM carcAspada banyA che. atyAra sudhI AnaMdakumAra svAmI, sTelA kremariza vagere bahusaMkhyaka * "bhAratIya zilpasamRddhi", pR. 24 + Ancient India, p. 490

Page #131
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA vidrAnA gupta zailIne mathurAnI kuSANa kalAnuM phaLa gaNAvatA AvyA che. * A anumAna para AvavA mATenA mukhya AdhAra bodhagayAmAMthI maLelI boddhisattvanI mUrti che. 4 thI sadInA uttarArdhanI A pratimA guptakalAnA prAcInatama namUnA gaNAya che. rAtA ravAdAra paththaranI banelI A pratimAnuM sthULa svarUpa ane kadAvara kAyA tathA vallIyukata saMghATI mathurAnI kuSANa kalAnI paraMparAnuM anusaraNa sUcave che. DhaLelI AMkhA, nAsikAgra dRSTi ne suDoLa aMga-upAMgo mUrtinI sthULatAmAM ghaTADo karavA uparAMta ene bhAvavAhI banAve che. A mUrti mathurAmAM banIne bodhagayA pahoMcelI jaNAya che. te parathI mathurAmAM kuSANakalAe 4 thI sadI daramyAna dhIme dhIme rUpAMtara pAmIne guptakalAnuM svarUpa prApta kareluM. A mUrti sAranAthanA kalAkArone Ada namUnA tarIke kAma lAgI jaNAya che. bAdhagayAnI mUrti nA dehasauSThavamAM varatAtAM sthULatA ane bhArepaNuM 5 mI sadInAM zilpAmAM osarI jaI tenuM sthAna nAjukAI ane sUkSma bhAvAbhivyakita le che. 122 hamaNAM DaoN. paramezvarIlAla gupte A muddA para temanA "gupta sAmrAjya" nAmanA prasiddha graMthamAM guptazailInA udbhava mATenu koya mathurAne nahi ApatAM sAranAthane ApyuM che. temaNe A muddAmAM uparokata bodhagayAnI samayanirdeza vagaranI mUrtine lekhAmAM na letAM samayanide zavALI mUrtionI paraspara tulanA karIne ema puravAra karavA prayAsa karyo che ke, "guptakAlIna kalA mathurAnI kuSANakAlIna kalAthI sarvathA svataMtrapaNe vikasI hatI. tenA vikAsanuM prathama kendra kAzI(sAranAtha) hatuM" (pR. 561). temanA vizleSaNa mujaba mathurAmAMthI guptakAlanA pUrvArdhanI(kumAraguptanA samaya sudhInI) je mUrtio maLI che, te tyAMnI kuSANakAlIna kalAzailIe banelI jovA maLe che. tyAMthI maLelI jinamUrti ane lakulIzanI be mUrtie enA spaSTa purAvArUpa che. vaLI kumAraguptanA samayanI eka buddhamUrti mAnakuvara(ja. alAhAbAda)mAMthI maLI che te ane vidizAmAMthI maLelI jinapratimAo paNa mathurAnI kalAparaMparA dharAve che. bIjI bAju kumAraguptanA samaya pachI mathurAmAM paNa bauddhAdi mUrti e praziSTa kalAzailIe ghaDAtI jovA maLe che. mathurAmAM AvelA A ekAeka pheraphAra kAzikA(sAranAtha)-kalAzailInA prabhAvanuM pariNAma che. jo ke mathurAnAM praziSTa zilpAmAM paNa kuSANakAlIna mathurAkalAnA keTalAka vArasA jaLavAI rahelA jovA maLe che; jemake, tyAMnA buddhanA parivezamAM cacalIyukata saMdhArTInuM cAlu * juo Coomarswami, A History of Indian and Indonesian Art, p. 72.

Page #132
123ya 1H gupta-vAkATakakAlanAM praziSTa zipa raheluM valaNa, vagere. "Ama mathurAnI guptakAlIna mUrtionI spaSTata: be dhArAe che. pUrvAvatI guptakAlIna(kumAragupta 1 lAnA samayanI tathA te pahelAMnI) mUrtio kuSANa zailInI anugAmI che. jayAre uttaravatI guptakAlIna(kumAragupta 1 lo ane te pachInI) mUrtio kAzikA(sAranAtha) zailInI anugAmI che" (pR. 551-12). De. guptane mate mathurA kalAzailInA vikAsathI ghaNA samaya pahelethI kAzikA pradeza kalA-kendra rahyo che. azokanA staMbha ane mauryakAlIna anya kalAkRtio cunAranA paththaranI banI che e tenA spaSTa purAvArUpa che. zakakuSANakALa daramyAna A kendramAMthI cunAranA paththaramAM mathurAzailIe banelI mUrtinA keTalAka namUnA maLyA che. te bAbata tyAM kalA-pravRtti cAlu rahI hovAnI sUcaka che. guptakAlamAM caMdragupta 2 jAnA zAsanakAlanA uttarArdhamAM ke kumAragupta 2 jAnA amalanA AraMbhakAlamAM sAranAthamAM uparokata mathurAkalAthI bilakula bhinna kalAzailI pAMgarI ne thoDA ja samayamAM to e potAnA tamAma zaNagAra sAthe prastuta thaI. uparokata guptazailInAM tamAma lakSaNo sAranAthanI zilpazailI dharAve che. A marama zailIno prabhAva kumAraguptanA zAsanakAlanA AraMbhamAM mathurA, pATaliputra, vidizA vagere sthAnee prasaryo. sAranAthamAM A zailI 5 mI sadI daramyAna enI unnatinI carama sImAe rahI ne e sadInA aMta samaye enI paDatI thavA lAgI. A bAbata rAjaghATa(kAzI)mAMthI maLela budhaguptanA samayanA eka staMbha para cAre tarapha kotarelAM viSaNunAM aMzamUrtazilpo parathI spaSTa thAya che. emAM guptakalAne eja jaNAtuM nathI. sAranAtha ane mathurAnAM upalabdha zilpo tapAsavAthI A bAbata spaSTa thaze. a) sAranAtha sAranAthane kalAvAraso vizeSata: bauddha mUrtiomAM jaLavAyo che. tyAM buddha ane bodhisattvonI vividha Asano ane mudrAovALI asaMkhya pratimAo prastutakAla. daramyAna banI hatI. emAMnA ghaNA namUnAo sthAnika myujhiyamamAM rakSita rakhAyA che. sAranAthamAMthI beThelI saMkhyAbaMdha pratimAo vividha mudrAomAM maLI che. emAM bhagavAna buddhanA jIvananI ati mahattvanI ghaTanAonuM sUcana maLe che. AmAM bhUmi-sparza-mudrA ane dharma-cakra-pravartanavALI mUrtio vize noMdhapAtra che. bhUmi sparza mudrAmAM buddhano DAbo hAtha khoLAmAM ane jamaNo hAtha Asana nIce bhUmine sparza karavA tarapha saMketa karato batAvavAmAM Avyo che. A mudrA sambodhi jJAna prApta karatI vakhate mAre emanA tapabhaMga mATe AkramaNa karyuM tyAre buddha tapamAM.

Page #133
124 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA dRDha rahI mAra para vijaya meLavyA ne enA sAkSI tarIke bhUmine rAkhI tenuM sUcana kare che. A prakAranI mUrti AmAM jamaNA khabhA para sa`ghATIno abhAva, mastaka para kayAreka bodhivRkSa ane Asana nIce pRthvInuM aMkana thayelu hoya che. keTalIka mUrti emAM mAra ane tenI putrIonI AkRtie batAvI che. keTalIkamAM prabhAmaMDaLanA uparanA bhAgamAM tamamAM vighna karatA rAkSaseA, te keTalIkamAM mAravijayanA upalakSamAM buddha para puSpavRSTi karatA devAnI AkRtie jovA maLe che. dharmacakra-pravartana mudrAnA sarvottama namUnA sAranAthamAM upalabdha che (AkRti 34). sAranAthamAMthI buddhe dharma-cakra--pravartana karelu hovAthI ahIM e svAbhAvika paNa che. A mUrtimAM guptakAlIna praziSTa kalAnAM tamAma lakSaNA vidyamAna che. 5 mI sadInI manAtI A pratimA hAla sAranAtha myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. buddha vajAyaOkAsana sthitimAM dRDhapaNe beThelA che. temanA hAthanI AMgaLIonI mudrA sUcave che ke teo dharmacakra pravartAvI rahyA che. temanA dakSiNAvarta keza ane uSNISa mastaka-zAbhA vadhArI rahyA che. temaNe bArIka vastra baMne khabhA para dhAraNa karelu hovAnuM e vastranA Asana para avalaMbita cheDAo parathI jaNAya che. mastakane pharatuM prabhAmaMDaLa suMdara rUpAMkana dharAve che, jenA be khUNAo para puSpa-pAtra dhAraNa karelA eka eka ardha-devatAnI AkRti kaMDArI che. prabhAma`DaLanI nIce ane pratimAnA pRSTha-paththara para ka DArelI AkRtiomAM nIcenA bhAgamAM be vyAla peAtAnA mastaka para upalA paththara dhAraNa karI rahelA jovA maLe che. e upalA paththaramAM puSpA ane parNamAMthI makaramukha bahAra AvatuM jaNAya che. pratimAnI nIcenA AsananI madhyamAM cakra ane tenI baMne bAjue eka eka haraNanI AkRti dRSTigocara thAya che. te sAranAthanA mRgadAvamAM buddhanA dhacakra-pravartananuM sUcana kare che. dharmacakranI DAbI bAju traNa ane jamaNI bAju be maLIne kula pAMca bhikSuo darzAvyA che. buddhe A bhadravargIone sarvaprathama upadeza karyo hato. Asana para jamaNI bAjunA cheDe eka bALaka ane eka strInI AkRti jaNAya che. te saMbhavataH A mUrtinI dAtA mahilA hovAnu jaNAya che. mUrtikalAnI dRSTie guptakalAnI A sarvotkRSTa kRti che. pratimA-vidhAna niyAmAdhIna rUparekhA anusAra vajApa`kAsanamAM karelu hAvAthI buddha sthira beThelA che tema chatAM yuvAna cahero, ardhamIMcI AMkho ane mukha paranuM mRdu hAsya temanA dehanI custa sthitine svastha ane komaLa banAve che. aMgAnI goLAI ane suDoLapaNuM mUrtine samatulA ane oja Ape che. mUrtimAM rasa, aMgAnI bhAvabhaMgI, rUpa, aucitya ane bhAvavyaMjanAnI zreSTha abhivyakita thaI che. sAranAthanA buddha potAnA bAhya sauMdaryathI prekSakonAM netrone

Page #134
35. .pa pAka Inel ' RE) Yii gata za S1 ''vi 35 buddha (mathurA) - Anjar :kara ta ka dA . tat= P:::: :: - : > Eh ka 34 buddha (sAranAtha) S

Page #135
: - bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA AnaMda ApavA uparAMta potAnI AMtarika suMdaratA ane svasthatA dvArA enA - hRdayane AnaMdita karavAne samartha paNa che. bhAratanI A advitIya kalAkRtinI gaNanA mtanAM zreSTha dhArmika zilpomAM thAya che. A prakAranI keTalIka viziSTa mUrtio tyAMnA myujhiyamamAM surakSita che, jemAM mUrtinA Asana para paMca-bhadranagI yanI AkRtio kaMDArelI che. keTalIka mUrtiomAM buddha AsananI nIce pAdapITha para baMne paga mUkIne (palaMbapAda sthitimAM) dharmacakra prarvatAvI rahelA jovA maLe che. AmAM bhagavAnanI jamaNI bAju bodhisatva maitreya amRtaghaTa ane kamaLanALa dhAraNa karI UbhelA che, jyAre DAbI bAju avalokitezvara varadamudrA ane kamaLanALa dhAraNa karI UbhelA che. A prakAranI mUrtiomAM buddhano jamaNo kaMdha vivastra rakhAyo che. sAranAthamAMthI padmAsana para besIne dharmacakra pravartAvatA buddhanI mUrtio paNa maLe che. sAranAthamAMthI buddhanI aneka UbhI mUrtio maLI che. emAMnI eka abhayamudrAmAM che. adhovastra kamara para bAMdheluM che. pAradarzaka saMghATI baMne khabhAne DhAMke che. mastaka para dakSiNAvarta kuMcita keza ane uNISa che. lAMbA kAnamAM cheda karelA che. prabhAmaMDaLa pUrNata: alaMkRta che. sAranAthamAMthI varadamudrAmAM UbhelI buddha-pratimAo paNa maLI che. emanuM svarUpa abhayamudrAnI pratimA jevuM ja che, paNa ahIM abhayane badale DAbA hAthe saMghATIne cheDo pakaDIne varadamudrA batAvavAmAM AvelI jovA maLe che. varadamudrAvALI mUrti e sAranAthamAM aparicita evA lAla paththaramAM kaMDArAI che, te mathurAthI ANelI hovAnuM jaNAya che. sAranAthamAMthI buddhanA jIvananI mukhya ane gauNa ghaTanAo darzAvatAM prastaraphalako paNa maLyAM che. sAranAtha myujhiyamamAM surakSita eka laMbacorasa UrdhvapaTTamAM - buddhano janma, sodhi, dharma-cakra-pravartana ane mahAparinirvANanA cAra mukhya prasaMge nIcethI uparanA kramamAM vigatavAra kaMDAryA che. badhAM uttama lakSaNo dharAvato A phalaka ghaNI prazaMsA pAmyo che. A myujhiyamamAM saMgRhita eka phalakamAM buddhanuM trayatriMza svargamAMthI pAchA AvavuM, nalagiri hAthInuM buddhane zaraNe AvavuM, vAnarendra dvArA buddhane madhudAna ane zrAvastIno camatkAra(vizvarU5) e cAra gauNa ghaTanAo cAra bhAgamAM vigata darzAvI che. A uparAMta eka phalakamAM mahArAjakumAra ke siddhArthanuM mahAbhiniSkramaNa vistArapUrvaka AlekhyuM che.

Page #136
* gupta-vAkATakakAlanAM praziSTa zila sAranAthamAMthI bodhisatvonI pUrNabhUta ane aMzamUrta baMne prakAranI mUrtio maLI che. UbhelI mUrtimAM avalokitezvara, mairoya ane maMjuzrInI mUrtio noMdhapAtra che. avalokitezvara pApANinI pratimAmAM bodhisatva kamaLa para UbhA che. temanA DAbA hAthamAM kamaLa che. jamaNo hAtha khaMDita che paNa varada mudrAmAM hovAnI kalpanA thaI zake che. zarIrano uparano bhAga vivastra ane kamarathI nIceno bhAga adhovastrathI DhAMkelo che. adhovastra kaTisUtra vaDe bAMdhyuM che. adhovastrano cheDo jamaNI bAjue gAMThavALIne rAkhela che. bodhisatve ratnajaDita rAmukuTa kuMDala, ekAvalI, makarAkRti keyUra ane ratnajaDita kaMkaNa dhAraNa karelAM che. vALanI keTalIka laTo khabhA para laTake che. mukuTanA madhyabhAgamAM avalokitezvaranA AdhyAtmika pitA amitAbhanI dhyAnamudrAmAM beThelI AkRti kaMDArI che. nIce kamalapIThanI nIce pretanI AkRti kaMDArI che, jemane bodhisatva amRtapAna karAvI rahyA che. prabhAmaMDaLarahita A mUrti dehasauSThava ane bhAvAbhivyakitanI dRSTie sAro namUno gaNAya che. maitroyanI mUrti uparokata avalokitezvaranI mUrti karatAM bhinna che. uparano bhAga vivastra che. adhovastranI gAMTha nAbhinI nIce jovA maLe che. mUrtimAM AbhUSaNane abhAva che. mastaka para thoDI laTonI graMthi bAMdhI che, jyAre bAkInI laTo skaMdha para paDelI che. mastaka-gathinI AgaLanA bhAgamAM kamaLa para paryakAsanamAM abhayamudrA dhAraNa karelA dhyAna buddha ameghasiddhinI AkRti kaMDArI che. maitreyanA DAbA hAthamAM kamaLa che ne jamaNo hAtha varadamudrAmAM che. buddhinA devatA gaNAtA maMjuzrInI mUrtimAM bodhisatva kamaLa para UbhA che. vastra-paridhAna ane kezabhUSA anya bodhiso jevAM che. temane jamaNo hAtha varadamudrAmAM che ne DAbA hAthe nIlakamala dhAraNa karyuM che. temanA mastaka para bhUmisparza mudrAmAM dhyAnI buddha abhyanI AkRti kaMDArI che. bodhisatvanI jamaNI bAjue devI bhrakuTI kamaMDala ane akSamALA laIne ane DAbI bAjue devI mRtyughaMcana varadamudrA ane ane nIlakamala laI kamaLa upara UbhelI che. - sAranAtha myujhiyamanI bodhisatva 5ghapANi avalokitezvaranI paryakAsanamAM beThelI mUrti paNa noMdhapAtra che. emaNe adhovastra, kuMDaLa, hAra, keyUra ane ratnajaDita valayo dhAraNa karyA che. mastaka para nAnA nAnA kuTila keza che ne keTalIka laTo khabhA para vistarI che. bodhisatve be hAtha vaDe eka pAtra dhAraNa karyuM che. temanI jamaNI ane DAbI bAjue khabhA para strIo pAtra dhAraNa karI UbhI che. pratimAnA mastaka para dhyAnI buddha amitAbha kamalAsana para beThelA kaMDAryA che.

Page #137
hajAratIya govIna zilpakalA A) mathurA guptakAlamAM mathurA paNa guptakalAnuM kendra hatuM, paraMtu have ahIM mUrti-nirmANanI saMkhyA kramaza: ghaTatI jatI hatI. A kendramAMthI banelI pratimAo mathurA, sAranAtha ane kalakattAnAM myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta che. mathurAnI guptakAlIna praziSTa kalAnAM keTalAMka viziSTa lakSaNo jovA maLe che. kuSANakAlanA sAdA prabhAmaMDaLanuM sthAna alaMkRta prabhAmaMDaLe lIdhuM che. buddhanI saMghATI karacalIyukata che ne e baMne khabhAne DhAMkatI cheka ghUMTaNanA nIcenA bhAga sudhI pahoMce che. adhovastra kamara sAthe bAMdheluM che. buddhanA mastake dakSiNAvarta keza ane uSNISa dRSTigocara thAya che. mathurA saMgrahAlayanI UbhI buddha-pratimA (AkRti 35) AnuM zreSTha daSTAMta che. A pratimAnA mukha para zAMti ane karUNAnA bhAva vilase che. temaNe baMne khabhA ane cheka DhIMcaNa sudhIne deha DhAMkatI saMghATI paherI che. sa ghATI paranI vallI kalAtmaka che. buddha DAbA hAthe vastrane cheDo pakaDyo che, jayAre jamaNe hAtha tUTI gayo che. mastaka para uSNISa ane kuMtala keza che. pAchaLanuM prabhAmaMDaLa kamaLa, puSpa, patra ane latAothI bhAre alaMkRta che. deha pUrNata: samatola, sukomaLa ane bhAvavyaMjanAnI abhivyakitamAM sahAyaka che. saMbhavata: mathurA-kendramAMthI banelI be bauddha pratimAo keTalIka vizeSatAone laIne khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. AmAMnI pahelI bodhagayAmAMthI maLelI bodhisattvanI mUrtinuM varNana agAu thaI gayuM che. bIjI mUrti prayAga pAse mAnakuMvara nAmanA sthAnethI maLelI buddha-pratimA che. kumAragupta 1 lAnA zAsanakALa daramyAna (AI.sa. 447-48) A mUrti ghaDAI hovAnuM tenA paranA abhilekha parathI jaNAya che. A mUrti mathurAmAMthI nikAsa thayelI aMtima mUrti hovAnuM jaNAya che. AmAM siMhAsana para abhayamudrA dhAraNa karIne beThelA buddhanA Asana nIce cakra, siMha vagerenI AkRtio che. rAtA ravAdAra paththaranI banelI mUrtimAM tAlamAna, vakSaracanA, mukhabhAva tathA kapardina samAna muMDita mastaka mathurAnI kuSANakAlIna buddha pUrtione maLatAM Ave che. A mUrtinA svarUpa parathI Do. paramezvarIlAla gupta evA niSkarSa para pahoMcyA che ke, "mathurAnA mUrtikAra ochAmAM ochuM A mUrtinA nirmANakAla (5 mI sadInA madhya) sudhI kuyANakAlIna mUrtividhAna-paraMparAnuM pAlana karatA hatA (ejana pR. 550). mathurAmAMthI keTalAMka noMdhapAtra bauddhatara zipa maLyAM che. kumAragupta 1 lAnA samayanI jinamUrti saMbhavata: 24mA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmInI che, emAM tIrthakara

Page #138
6H gupta-vAkATakAlamAM praziSTa zilpa 129 padmAsanavALIne dhyAnamudrAmAM beThelA jovA maLe che. siMhAsananI nIcenA bhAgamAM cakra. ane tenI baMne bAju manuSyAkRtio kaMDArI che. ahIMthI maLelI lakulIzanI UbhI ane beThelI mUrtimAM zivanuM viziSTa. mAnava svarUpa kaMDAra pAmyuM che. UbhI pratimA caMdragupta 2 jAnA pAMcamA varSane lekha dharAvatA staMbha para kaMDArelI che. emAM lalATa para trIjuM netra, DAbA hAthamAM lakuTa ane aspaSTa vastu dharAvato jamaNo hAtha kaTayavalaMbita che. udarabaMdha evI rIte bAMdhyo che ke tenAthI udara bahAra dhasI AvyuM che. sAdhAraNa rIte lakulIzanI mUrtio Urdhvazizna maLe che, paNa A mUrtimAM ema nathI. tyAMthI lakulIzanI eka beTI mUrti maLI che. temAM udarabaMdha bAMdhelo che ne baMne hAtha vyAkhyAnamudrAmAM che. baMne mUrtio sthaLa che ne kuSANakAlIna mathurAkalAnI paraMparAne yathAvata jALavI rAkhatI jaNAya che. uparokata jinapratimA ane lakulIzanI A be pratimAo spaSTatA pUrvakAlIna kuSANakalAnI paraMparAnI mUrtio jaNAya che. mathurA vistAramAMthI aSTabhuja viSNunI keTalIka mUrtio maLI che, je kalAnI dRSTie uttama kakSAnI nathI. jo ke tyAMthI vacce mAnavamukha ane enI eka bAju varAha ane bIjI bAju siMhamukhavALI keTalIka trimukha mUrtio maLI che te viziSTa che. "nRsiMha-varAha-viSaSNu" tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM AvatI A mUrtione purANomAM mahAviSNu ke vizvarUpa-viSNunuM nAma apAyuM che. AmAMnI keTalIkanA prabhAmaMDaLamAM 8 vasuo, 11 rudro 12 Aditya vagere kaMDAryA che. vaLI ahIMthI AyudhadhArI vAsudeva( viSNu)nA khabhA ane mastakanI pAchaLa saMkarSaNa, aniruddha ane padyumnanI AkRtio kaMDArI hovAthI e caturvyUhanI sUcaka hovAnuM manAya che. mathurA myujhiyamamAM ardhanArIzvaranI be manohara mUrtio saMgRhita che. emAM jamaNA zivavALA aMgamAM jaTAjUTa ane hAtha abhayamudrAmAM upara uThAvela che, jyAre DAbA pArvatI - aMgamAM stana ane hAthamAM darpaNa dhAraNa karela che. baMnenAM kuMDaLa samAna che, paNa kaTi-mekhalA vacce aMtara che.. (0) itara kendra sAranAtha ane mathurAmAM pAMgaratI guptakalAnA vikAsamAM anya kalAkendro paNa potAno phALo Apyo. emAM kalAkAronI potAnI AvaData, sthAnika lokonI nRvaMzIya vizeSatAo, tema pravartamAna sAmAjika ane dhArmika paristhiti anusAra vividha kalAkRtio racAI. AthI emAM guptakalAnI mukhya chApa hovAnI sAthe sthAnika bhA. prA. zi. 9

Page #139
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA vaividhya paNa jovA maLe che. uttara bhAratamAMthI maLelAM AvAM keTalAMka mUrti zilpA noMdhapAtra che. 130 uttara bhAratamAMthI A samaye ekamukha kArttikeyanI mayUrapRSTha-Azrita (mAra para savAra) pratimAo vizeSa maLe che. banArasanA bhArata kalA-bhavanamAM saMgRhIta pratimA enuM sarasa udAharaNa che. AmAM kArttikeyanA baMne paga meranA gaLAnI AgaLa nIkaLelA batAvyA che. mugaTa, kuMDaLa, ekAvalI, kaMkaNa vagere AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karelA devanI pAchaLa kAka--pakSa batAvela che. A mUrtine jotAM jANe sAkSAt vIrarasa mUrti maMta thayA hoya ema lAge che. mathurA myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta A prakAranI kArttikeyanI mUrtimAM vizeSamAM temanI jamaNI bAjue caturmukha brahmA ane DAbI bAjue ziva UbhA che. zivanA hAthamAM jaLapAtra che. brahmA kArttikeyane abhiSeka karI rahyA che. vaLI bhArata-kalA--bhavanamAM surakSita sUrya pratimA guptakAlamAM thayela sUryanA mUrti - vidhAnanA vikAsanA sarasa namUno pUro pADe che. kuSANakAlamAM sUryanA eka hAthamAM kamaLa ane bIjA hAthamAM talavAra (kayAreka kaTAra) jovA maLatI hatI tenuM sthAna paNa have kamaLa puSpa laI le che. temanI baMne bAju temanI be patnIe rAzI ane saMjJA temaja be anucaro daMDa ane piMgaLa batAvyA che. alAhAbAda pAse AveluM gaDhavA paNa eka agatyanuM zilpakendra hatuM. tyAMthI maLelA avazeSo lakhanau myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta che. A badhAM 'zamU zilpAmAM samIpanA bharahutanI kalA-paraMparAnA prabhAva jaNAya che. emAM guptakalAnI sukumAratAnI sAthe bharahutanA sthULapaNAno samanvaya thayA che. A zilpA sAranAthanA jevAM ja sUkSma rUpakSama banyAM che. bharahuta-sAMcInAM zilpAmAM latA-puSpAdi vacce gUMthAyelA mAnava AkArone A kalAmAM eka bIjAthI alaga pADIne, mAnava AkArone guptakAlIna rUpakSamatA ane latAgulmAne navIna abhivyaMjanAmAM prastuta karyAM che. paTaNA pAse rAjagRhamAMthI eka dhvasta maMdiranI dIvAla para cADelI tIrtha - karonI traNa UbhI mUrtio maLI AvI che. retiyA paththaramAMthI banelI A traNeya mUrti emAM traNeyanA bhAre khabhA ane paga tathA laTakatA hAthanuM kaMDArakAma kaDhaMgu hAvAthI mUrti e guptakAlanI lAgatI nathI, paNa tyAMthI maLelI kALA paththaranI lekhayukata mUrtinA AdhAre uparokata traNeya mUrtie guptakAlanI manAI che. e zyAmazilAmAM mUrti padmAsanasthita che. AsananI nIce barAbara madhyamAM cakra ane cakranI madhyamAM eka puruSa UbhA che. tenA DAbA hAtha abhayamudrAmAM che. cakranI baMne bAjue eka eka zaMkha che. A cakrapurUSanI baMne bAjue eka eka padmAsanasthita jina mUrti A che. AsananI baMne bAjunA cheDe siMhanI eka AkRti kaMDA rI che.

Page #140
huM ! gupta-vAkATakakAlanAM praziSTa zilpeza cakrapuruSanA kuMtalakucita keza, ekAvalI hAra vagere guptakAlIna lakSaNA che. paNa te sivAya uparanI mukhya nimUrti kuSANakalAnI paraMparAnI ja che. te parathI magadhamAM caMdragupta 2 jAnA samaya sudhI praziSTa kalAnA praveza thayelA jaNAtA nathI. kumAraguptanA samayathI A kalA ahIM prasarI heAvAnuM paTaNA myujhiyamamAM surakSita saptamAtRkA, pAva tI, kArttikeya ane agninI mUrti e parathI jaNAya che. saptamAtRkAenI mUrti A kuSANakAlamAM banavA lAgI hatI. guptakAlamAM emanuM vidhAna nizcita baneluM jaNAya che. A samayanI mAtRkAonI mUrtio mukhyatve beThelI avasthAmAM maLe che. keTalIkavAra mAtRtvanA pratIka rUpa bALaka paNa emanI gAdamAM besADelu jovA maLe che. sarAyakelAmAMthI maLela ane paTaNA myujhiyamamAM surakSita saptamAtRkA-samUha Ano sAro namUno pUro pADe che. 131 A myujhiyamamAM surakSita pArvatInI mUrti saMbhavata: muDezvarImAMthI prApta thaI che. emAM devIne valkaladhAriNI, tapasyAlIna aMkita karavAmAM AvI che. ahIM kArttikeyanI UbhI pratimAmAM devanI DAbI bAjue mastaka para zakita dhAraNa karIne eka nArI UbhI che. kArttikeye zakitanA mastaka para hAtha dharyo che. A myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta agninI pratimAmAM deva laMbAdara, jaTAjUTa tathA dADhIyukata, yajJopavIta dhAraNa karelA ane jamaNA hAthamAM amRtakuMbha laI UbhelA jovA maLe che. emanA prabhAmaMDaLamAM agnizikhAonuM aMkana thayeluM che. bihAranA sulatAnaga'ja(ji. bhAgalapura)mAMthI buddhanI dhAtumAM DhALelI pracaMDamUrti maLI AvI che. bihAranI guptakalAnA e saMbhavata: sarvocca namUnA che. enuM dhAtuzilpAvALA pariziSTamAM vigate varNana karyuM che. sAranAthanI praziSTa kalAnA prabhAva pUrva baMgALa ane cheka AsAma sudhI pahoMcyA. A vistAranI kalAmAM sthAnika lokakalAnA prabhAvathI laukika ullAsa paNa bhaLyA che. bagALamAMthI paththara ane dhAtunI bauddha pratimAonA saMkhyAbaMdha avazeSo upalabdha thayA che. te paikI keTalAka kalakattAnA InDiyana myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. ahIMthI buddhanI abhaya mudrAvALI UbhI pASANapratimA sAranAthanI e prakAranI mUrti jevuM ja svarUpa dharAve che. vizeSamAM enA prabhAmaMDaLa para baMne tarapha vidyAdharonI AkRtie ane nIce tarapha paricArakanI AkRti kaMDArI che. A myujhiyamamAM dharma -cakra-pravarta na-mudrAvALI aneka buddha-pratimAo paNa pradarzita che. A mUrtiomAM komaLatA ane bhAvAbhivyakitanuM tattva saheja UcuM jaNAya che, paNa uttara baMgALanA bAgarA jillAmAMthI ane pazcimabaMgALanA cAvIsa paragaNA jillAmAMthI maLelI udIcca vezadhArI sU mUrtie vadhu bhAvavAhI che. mahAsthAna(ji. bAgarA)nI maMjuzrInI

Page #141
132 bhAratIya prAcIna zilA dhAtupratimA dehasauSThava ane bhAvAbhivyakitamAM baMgALanI sarvottama pratimA gaNAya che. AsAmanA dAraMga jillAnA eka prAcIna maMdiranI dvArazAkhA para kotarela gaMgA ane yamunAnAM zilpo laukika bhAvanAM sarasa daSTAMta rUpa che. rajanA(ji. muMgera)mAMthI prApta staMbha para kirAtAjunIyanAM dRzya aMzamUrta thayAM che. A staMbhe kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. emAM gaMgAvataraNa, zivadvArA mAninI pArvatIne manAvavAnA prayAsa, gaNenuM nRtya, kirAtarUpI ziva sAthe arjunanuM yuddha, arjuna dvArA pAzupata-astranI prApti vagere da manahara che. uttara baMgALanA pahADapura(rAjazAhI)nA maMdiranI dIvAla para rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhAratanI kathAo uparAMta kRSNacaritane lagatA prasaMge suMdara rIte AlekhAyA che. emAM kRSNajanma, bALakRSNane gokula laI javA, govardhana-dhAraNa vagere prasaMgo khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. eka dazyamAM be rAkSasone emanA pUchaDAM pakaDI jorathI paga nIce dabAvatA bALakRSNanuM Alekhana thayuM che. bhArata-kalA-bhavana, banArasamAM A kAlanI eka govardhanadhArI kRSNanI vizALa mUrti surakSita che. 3) madhya bhArata guptakAlanI sAranAtha kalAne prabhAva madhya bhAratamAM paNa kumAragupta 1 lAnA samayathI pahoMcI gayo. alabatta, A vistAramAM pUrvakAlamAM sAMcI besanagara ane bharahutamAM anu-mauryakAlanI mathurAkalAno prasAra thayo hato ane emAM sthAnika tattvonA prabhAvavALI zailIe zilpa banatAM hatAM. AthI A pradezanAM zilpamAM sAranAthanAM zilpane mukAbale sthULatA vadhAre ane bhAvAbhivyakita ochI jovA maLe che. udayagiri, eraNa, devagaDha, bhUmarA, kheha, vidizA, bAgha vagere sthAne ethI upalabdha zilpAvazeSo AnA sUcaka che. madhya bhAratamAM sAMcIthI 8 kilomITara dUra udayagirinI TekarImAM I.sa.nI 4 thI 5 mI sadInA samayanI 12 jeTalI guphAo AvelI che. A guphAo paikInI eka guphAne bAda karatAM bAkInI brAhmaNa dharmane lagatI che. zilpakalAnI dRSTie A guphAomAM 4 thI sadI sudhI sAMcI, besanagara ane saMbhavata: kuSANakAlanI mathurAkalAnA prabhAvavALI prAcIna paraMparA pracalita hovAnuM jaNAya che. caMdragupta 2 jAnA samayamAM e paraMparAgata zailI navIna svarUpa dhAraNa karI gupta zailInA unnata zikhara tarapha agresara thatI jovA maLe che. ahIMnI moTA bhAganI guphAnI bArazAkho phulavelanI bhAta temaja hAthamAM ghaTa laI Ubhela nArIsvarUpa gaMgAyamunAnAM zilpathI alaMkRta che. gaMgAnuM makaravAhinI ane yamunAnuM kurmavAhinI svarUpa ahIM sarva

Page #142
6 : gupta-vAkATekakAlanAM praziSTa ziSe prathama nizcita thatuM jaNAya che. madhya bhAratanAM meTA bhAganAM maMdiro ane anya pradezanAM maMdiromAM paNa A svarUpa tatkAlamAM ane uttarakAlamAM vyApakapaNe pracalita thayuM che. ghaNI guphAonI chata 4 thI 5 phUTa jeTalI mATA kadanAM kamaLAthI alaMkRta karelI jovA maLe che. meTA bhAganI guphAonI bahAranI dIvAleA para ane emAM karelI rithakAo(gavAkSa)mAM devatAonAM zilpo kaMDArelAM che. emAM guphA na. 3, 4, 6 ane 7nAM zilpA vizeSa dhyAna kheMce che. guphA naM.3nA bhavya bArasAkhanA uparanA bhAgamAM karelI traNa zilpapaTTIomAMnI sauthI nIcalI paTTImAM pAMca kamaLa ka...DArelAM che. e paikInA sahuthI madhyanA kamaLanA madhyanA gALa phalakamAM siMha, tenI be bAjunAM kamaLAmAM makara ane bAkInAM bemAM vINAvAdako kaMDAryA che. A guphAnI aMdara zivaliMga sthApelu che ne bahAranI dIvAla para dvibhuja viSNunuM zilpa mUrta karyuM che. guphAnI samIpanA maMDapa sAthe joDAyelI nAnI guphAnI dIvAla para aSTamAtRkAonAM zilpa kaMDAryAM che. A guphAnAM badhAM zilpA prAcIna zailIne anusare che. guphA naM. 4nI dIvAlA amUrta zilpAthI, jANe ke enA para gAlIcA pAtharyo hoya evI rIte chAI dIdhelI che. AmAM suprasiddha varAha avatAranA zilpane paNa samAveza thAya che. A zilpa(AkRti 36)mAM Akhu` zarIra manuSyanuM ne kevaLa meAM varAhanuM jovA maLe che. zAstramAM Ane "nu-varAha" ke "AdivarAha" kahe che. devanA jamaNA paga sIdhA UbhA che ne DAbA paga AdizeSa upara mUkelA che. AdizeSanI phaNa ghaNI meATI ane vizALa che. emAM AdizeSa pote puruSadehe UbhA rahI varAhane vaMdana karatA jaNAya che. varAhe DAbA paganA DhIMcaNa para hAtha TekavyA che. jamaNA hAtha dehanA pAchaLanA bhAgamAM jatA batAvyA che. varAhanA DAbA khabhA para haLavethI beThelI pRthvInA nArIdeha kamanIya che. teNe varAhanA dAMtane khUba saMbhALapUrvaka pakaDayo che. AvI sukumAratA AdizeSa ane tenI pAchaLa Ubhela mastaka rahita AkRtinA dehamAM paNa vyakata thAya che. varAhanI eka taraphathI gaMgA ane bIjI taraphathI yamunA avatarIne baMne saMgama pAmI samudramAM jaI maLatI hovAnuM maneArama dRzya kaMDAryuM che. AmAM gaMgA ane yamunAne nadInI dhArAe vacce kramaza: makara ane kUrma para hAthamAM ghaTa laI UbhelI nArI rUpe aMkita karI che. vaLI samudrane varuNadeva rUpe puruSanA svarUpamAM hAthamAM ghaTa dhAraNa karela batAvyA che. varAhanuM A samagra zilpadazya guptakalAnI madhya bhAratamAM thayelI sarvotkRSTa abhivyakita che. A zilpa 5 mI sadInA pUrvAnu jaNAya che. guphA naM. 6nA dvAranA bahAranA bhAgamAM baMne bAju eka eka dvArapALa ke DAryA che. jamaNI bAjunA dvArapALanI bAjunI be rathikAomAM anukrame caturbhu ja viSNu ane dazabhuja mahiSA 1:3

Page #143
134 bhAratIya prAcIna zilapakalA suramardinInAM zilpo che, jayAre DAbI bAjunA dvArapALanI bAjunI rathikAmAM paNa caturbhuja viSNunI mUrti kaMDArI che. AmAM DAbI bAjune dvArapALa ane caturbhuja viSaNu baMnenAM zilpa sthULa, bhAvarahita, ane prAcIna zailInA svarUpanAM che. emAMno dvArapALa te mathurAnA kuSANakAlIna yakSa jevo lAge che. jamaNI bAjune dvArapALa ane viSNu tathA mahiSamardinI dervenAM zilpo guptakAlanI kalA tarapha jhUkelAM, pariSkRta ane zarIranI mAMsalatAnI bAbatamAM apekSAkRta sajIva che. AmAM paNa dunI mUrti kalA adhika vikasita jovA maLe che. AthI A guphAnA DAbI bAjunAM zilpo caMdragupta 2 jAnA samayanA pUrvakAlamAM ane jamaNI bAjunAM zilpa enA uttarakAlamAM kaMDArAyAnuM manAya che. A uparAMta guphA naM. 7 mAM zeSazAyI viSaNunuM bhavya zilpa, guphA naM. 8nA pravezadvAra paranA be ardhastaMbho paranAM gaNeza ane mAhezvarInAM zilpa, guphA naM. 9 mAM chatane TekavatA cAra staMbhanAM zIrSa paranA pakSadhArI zRMgayukata cAra pazuonAM zilpa, guphA naM. 12mAM kaMDArAyeluM nRsiMhanuM zilpa e sarva prAcIna ane vikasita kalAparaMparAnA mizraNarUpa che. madhya bhAratamAM sAgara jillAmAM eraNamAMthI guptakAlIna traNa maMdiranA avazeSo maLyA che. 5 mI sadInA aMta samayanAM A smArakomAM guptakalAnuM AthamanuM svarUpa vyakata thayuM che. nRsiMha maMdiramAM pratiSThita 7 phUTa UMcI nRsiMha mUrti sAdhAraNa prakAranI che. varAha maMdiranI 11 phUTa UMcI varAhanI mUrti enI tulanAe kalApUrNa che. emAM varAha avatAranuM pazu-varAha svarUpe aMkana thayuM che. emAM paNa eka dAMta para strI-rUpa pRthvI dhAraNa thatI jovA maLe che. varAhanA mukha sivAyanA bhAga para ADI haroLamAM nAnA kadanI manuSyAkRtio kaMDArI che. viSaNu maMdiranI 13 phUTa UMcI viSNu pratimA paNa kalAnI bAbatamAM nRsiMha jevI UtaratI kakSAnI che. eraNanAM maMdironAM staMbhathI puSpalatA, sarpo ane pazuonI AkRtiothI suzobhita che. emAM patana pAmatI guptakalAnAM spaSTa pramANa maLe che. emAM guruDa ane varAhanAM aMzamUrta zilpa noMdhapAtra che. eka staMbhazIrSa para dibhuja guruDa hAthamAM sarpa laI Ubhela che. enA aMkanamAM guptakalA-sauSThava ghaNe aMze jaLavAyuM che, paNa deha sthULa banI gayo che. varAha te eTalo sthaLa banI gayo che ke te te hAthI jevo ja dekhAya che. enA dehasauSThavanA ghaDatara pratye zilpIe ghaNI bedarakArI batAvI che. tevI rIte guptakAlamAM nArInI kAyA kamanIya banAvavAnuM vyApaka valaNa, je udayagirinI varAha mUrtimAM spaSTapaNe jovA maLe che, te A mUrtinI pRthvInA dehasauSThavamAM kayAMya dekhAtuM nathI.

Page #144
. .ta mAM - "'I . LIKE '' T - I da : 15 ka6 varAha avatAra (udayagiri, 37. vIrabhadra ziva (zAmaLAja)

Page #145
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA jhAMsI jillAmAM betavA nadInA kAMThe AveluM devagaDhanuM viSNunuM (dazAvatAra) maMdira tenA dvAra paranA cha paTTomAM kaMDArelAM vividha suzobhana-zilpo ane garbhagRhanI traNa dIvAlonI madhyamAM karela traNa rathikAomAM anukrame gajendramokSa, nara-nArAyaNa ane zeSazAyIviSNunI mUrtio tathA maMdiranI jagatIpITha paranAM rAma ane kRSNakathAne lagatAM dazyone laIne prasiddha che. A zilpamAM guptakalAnI sarvottama abhivyakita thaI zakI jaNAtI nathI. zeSazAyI viSNunI mUrtimAM viSNu zeSanAga para sUI rahyA che. nAgane uparane ardha bhAga pheNa sAthe UThelo che. deve kirITamukuTa, kuMDaLa, hAra, keyUra, vanamALA ane kaMkaNa dhAraNa karyA che. paga pAse besIne lakSmI-pAdasevana karI rahI che. emanI samIpa be Ayudha-puruSo UbhA che. Asana nIce bhUmidevI tathA aneka Ayudha-puruSa kaMDAravAmAM AvyA che. uparanA bhAgamAM viSaNunI nAbhimAMthI nIkaLelA kamaLa para brahmA beThA che, jemanA jamaNA hAthamAM kamaMDaLa che. jamaNI bAjue rAvata para beThela indra ane mayUravAhI kArtikeya dRSTigocara thAya che. DAbI bAju ziva-pArvatI jaNAya che. anAzAyI viSaNunI A pratimA kalAtmaka che. AvI eka mUrti udayagirinI 7mI guphAmAM kaMDArelI che, jemAM lakSmI ane brahmAno abhAva jovA maLe che. jagatI pITha paranAM rAma-kathA dazyomAM agatyamuninA AzramamAM rAma, sItA ane lakSmaNanuM Agamana, ahalyoddhAra, zUrpaNakhAnA nAkanuM chedana, vAlasugrIvasaMgrAma, setubaMdhanI taiyArI, hanumAna dvArA saMjIvanI-pahADa laI Avavo vagere ane kRSNa-kathAmAM kRSNa janma, naMda-yazodA dvArA kRSNa ane baLarAmanuM lAlana-pAlana, zakaTalIlA, kRSNa-sudAmAnuM sakhya vagere prasaMgo aMkita thayA che. | guptakAlamAM zivaliMganI pUjAne vyApaka prasAra hato. A kAlanAM vizeSata: ekamukha liMga maLe che. enA suMdara namUnA madhya bhAratamAM jabalapura pAse Avela bai ane bhUmarAmAMthI upalabdha thayA che. khehanA ekamukha liMgamAM vizALa ratnajaDita mukuTa, jaTAjUTa upara madhyamAM ardhacaMdra, jaTAjUTamAMthI nIkaLIne khabhA para prasaratI keTalIka laTo, lalATa para tRtIya netra, kAnamAM kuMDaLa ane kaMThamAM hAra, khUba suMdara rIte banelAM AMkha, nAka ane hoTha mUrtine anokhI bhavyatA Ape che. maMdiramAMthI maLela aSTamukhI liMgamAM liMganA madhya bhAgamAM cAra mukha ane enI nIcenA bhAgamAM cAra mukha banAvelAM che. mathurA ane bihAramAM ghaNI jagyAethI A prakAranAM A samayamAM ekamukha liMga maLelAM che. keTalAMka guptakAlIna dimukha ane paMcamukha zivaliMga paNa A vistAramAMthI maLyAM che. | vidizAmAMthI maLelI ane dilhInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM surakSita hariharanI saMyukata pratimA, jaTAjUTa ane mukuTa tathA hAthamAM dhAraNa karela Ayudhone laIne

Page #146
6 : gupta-vAkATakakAlanAM praziSTa zipa 137 pArakhI zakAya che. emAM zivahara)ne Urdhvazizna batAvyA che. vidizAmAMthI rAmaguptanA samayanA lekhavALI traNa jinapratimAo maLI che. yogamudrAmAM padmAsana lagAvIne beThelA tIrthaMkaranA mastaka pAchaLa alaMkRta prabhAmaMDaLa, baMne bAju eka eka cAmaradhArI, Asana-pIThikAnI madhyamAM cakra ane baMne cheDe eka eka siMha kaMDAryA che. ekaMdare A mUrtio kuSANakAlIna mathurAkalAnA prabhAvavALI che. alabatta, aMgamAM apAyelI naramAI ane bhAvAbhivyakita guptakAlIna prabhAva darzAve che. guptakAlamAM viSNunuM vAsudeva rUpe mUrti-vidhAna vizeSa thatuM hatuM. emAM caturbhuja devanA hAthamAM anukrame abhayamudrA, gadA, cakra ane zaMkha ke amRtakuMbha ke kaTayavalaMbita hasta jaNAya che. A svarUpano eka sAro namUne gvAliyara myujhiyamamAM jovA maLe che. madhya pradezamAM dhAranI naiRtye 250 mAIla dUra bAghanI bauddha guphAo AvelI che. A guphAomAM narama retiyA paththarane kAraNe zilpAMkanonuM pramANa jUja jovA maLe che. vaLI ghaNAM zilpo khavAI gayelAM che. bacelAM zilpamAM buddha ane badhiso, yakSa ane nAgaloko, zAlabhaMjikAo, mAnavamukhAkRtio, prANIo ane velabuTTAnAM suzobhana jovA maLe che. svarUpa ane zailInI dRSTie A zilpa ajaMTAnAM samakAlIna zilpone maLatAM che. guphA naM. 2 nA garbhagRhanA dvAranI baMne bAjunI dIvAla para traNa-traNa vizALakAya pratimAo karelI che. A baMne bAjunI tripuTIemAM vacce bhagavAna buddha ane tenI AsapAsa eka eka bodhisattvanI pratimA korelI che. badhI ja pratimAo padmAsana para UbhelI che. baMne bAjunA buddha ekasarakhuM svarUpa dharAve che. padmAsana para Ubhela buddhano jamaNo hAtha varadamudrAmAM che, jyAre DAbA hAtha vaDe khabhA pAse vastrane cheDo pakaDyo che. vastra upavItanI jema dhAraNa karAveluM che. buddhanA mastaka para uNISa che, paraMtu kapALamAM UrNa karela nathI. bodhisattanI pratimAomAM buddhanI jamaNI bAjunA bodhisatve jamaNA hAtha vaDe potAnA khabhA para cAmara dhAraNa karyuM che, jayAre DAbI bAjunA bodhisatve padmakalikAguccha dhAraNa karyo che. temaNe DAbo hAtha avastranI gAMTha para rAkhela che. garbhagRhanA pravezadvAranI baMne bAjue dvArapALanI jema UbhelA be puruSonI pratimA paNa e be bodhisatvonI ja che. A pratimAo paNa padmAsana para UbhelI che. jyaNI bAjunA bodhisatvanA jaTAbaMdhamAM ane DAbI bAjunA bodhisattvanA mukuTamAM abhayamudrA sAthe beThelA dhyAnI buddhanI nAnI AkRti jovA maLe che. jamaNI bAjunI pratimAno jamaNo hAtha khaMDita che, paraMtu e hAtha

Page #147
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA varadamudrAmAM ane akSamAlA sahita hAvAnuM NAya che, jyAre tenA DAbA hAthamAM kamaMDaLa che. DAbI bAjunI pratimAnA jamaNA hAtha tUTI gayA che, jayAre DAbA hAtha ja ghA para TekavelA che. AmAM DAbI bAju vadhu ala kArayukata beAdhisattva avalAkitezvara ane jamaNI bAjunA ochA alaMkAra dhAraNa karelA bAdhisattva maitreya hovAnuM manAya che. 138 A ATheya pratimAonI bAbatamAM sthAnika lokomAM vicitra mAnyatA pravarte che. teo guphAne pAMDavAnI guphA" mAnIne be pratimAone dharmarAja ane zrIkRSNanI, jamaNI bAjunI traNa pratimAone bhIma, kuMtI ne arjunanI ane DAbI bAjunI traNa pratimAone nakula, draupadI ne sahadevanI TharAve che. buddha bhagavAnanI pratimAone kuMtI ane draupadInI mAnavAmAMe ajJAna loko nara-nArInA bheda paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhatA nathI. bAghanI guphA naM.4nA ravezanA vaccenA dvAranI upara eka pa`kita buddhanI pratimAonI che. tenI nIce mAnavamukhayukata gavAkSeAnI paMkita che. A dIvAla para eka sthaLe mRgadAvamAM dha cakrapravartana karatA buddhanuM zilpa jovA maLe che. ahIM yakSA ane nAga lAkonAM zilpA guphAonA pravezanI bahAranA khullA bhAgamAM hAvAthI te ghaNAM ghasAI gayAM che. dakSiNa cheDe karelI eka rathikAmAM ardhapa - kAsanamAM beThelA saptaGgAvALA nAgarAjanuM zilpa che. nAgarAjanI bAjumAM tenI patnI lalitAsanamAM beThelI che. vaLI A guphAnI bahAranA bhAgamAM eka moTA gokhalAmAM a pa kAsanamAM beThela pratimA yakSarAjanI hovAnuM jaNAya che. guphAmAM pravezavA mATenA mukhya dvAranI uparanA bhAgamAM be bAjue be makaravAhinI yakSIonAM maneAhara zilpa che. DAbI bAjunI yakSIe AmravRkSanI nIce UbhA rahIne jamaNA hAthe eka DALI pakaDI che, DAbA hAtha bAjumAM UbhelA vAmana kadanA puruSanA mastaka 52 mUkayA che. jamaNI bAjunI yakSIe sItAphaLInI nIce UbhA rahI jamaNA hAthe eka DALI pakaDI, DAbA hAtha bAjumAM UbhelI vAmana kadanI srInA mastaka para mUko che. bauddha vihAromAM paNa makaravAhinI yakSIonAM AvA prakAranAM zilpA jovA maLe che. 4) gujarAta gujarAta ane dakSiNa tathA pazcima rAjasthAnamAM anumaurya kAla (kSatrapakAla) daramyAna pazcimI zilpazailInA prasAra hatA. A vistAra I. sa. nI 4 thI sadInA aMtamAM guptAnI ANa nIce Avyo. te pachI enI zilpakalA para gupta sAmrAjyanI

Page #148
6 H gupta-vAkATakakAlanAM praziSTa zire praziSTa kalAno prabhAva paNa paDavA lAgyo. A prabhAva 5 mI-6 ThThI sadIonAM zilpa para jovA maLe che. A kAlanAM zilpamAM jovA maLatAM TUMkuM kada ane vadhAre sudaDha bAMdhA pUrvavata pazcimI zailInA anusaraNarUpa che. paNa have paganA ghUMTaNa ane pIMDI nIcenA bhAgane dhIre dhIre pAtaLo banAvAto dRSTigocara thAya che. A zilpamAM ardhamIlita netrI dvArA aMtarmukha jIvana ane AdhyAtmika AnaMda sUcavavAnuM valaNa praziSTa: kalAnA prabhAvanuM dyotaka che. zAmaLAjImAMthI maLela, vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM surakSita vIrabhadra ziva temaja devanI morI pAsenA gAmethI maLelI be mAtRkAo, aMbAjI pAsenI vAvanA be gaNo, gopanA maMdiranI UbhaNI paranAM keTalAMka zilpa, zAmaLAjI vistAramAMthI maLeluM mastaka vagaranuM ubhaDaka beThelI koI yakSI ke mAdevInuM mATInuM pakaveluM nAnuM zilpa ane akoTAmAMthI maLelI AdinAthanI khaMDita dhAtupratimA vagere guptakAlanAM keTalAMka mahattvanAM zilpo gaNAya che. AmAM zAmaLAjInA vIrabhadra zivanuM zila5 (AkRti. 37) kSatrapAla ane maitrakakAlanI gujarAtanI zilpakalAne joDatI kaDIrUpa hovAthI te vizeSa noMdhapAtra gaNAvyuM che. prastuta zilpamAM ziva tribhaMgamAM UbhelA che temanA paga kSatrapakAlIna zilpanI sarakhAmaNImAM pAtaLA che. temanA cAra hAtha paikI DAbo pAchaLano ane jamaNe AgaLano hAtha tUTI gayA che; jamaNA pAchaLanA hAtha vaDe trizULa dhAraNa karyuM che, jayAre DAbo AgaLano hAtha jAnu para Tekavelo che. DAbA upalA hAthamAM sarpa pakaDelo haze ema sarpanA vRttAkAra aMga parathI jaNAya che. temaNe bArIka adhovastra paheryuM che, jemAMthI temanuM Urdhva zizna dekhAya che. vastranA cheDAne gomUtrikA ghATa apAyo che. vastra upara vyAghacarma bAMdheluM che. jemAMnuM vyAghamukha DAbA jAnu para najare paDe. che. zive mastaka para jaTAmukuTa bAMdhelo che. vALanI keTalIka laTo khabhA para patharAyelI che. deve kAnamAM bhAre kuMDaLa, gaLAmAM mukatAmALA, hAtha para bAjubaMdha ane vaya dhAraNa karyA che. temanI pAchaLa temanuM vAhana naMdI che. naMdInA mastaka ane gaLA para AbhUSaNo dRSTigocara thAya che. enA gaLAmAM bAMdhelI ghUgharamALA paNa spaSTa jovA maLe che. pazcima bhAratIya 4 thI sadInAM zilpanI paraMparAmAMthI UtarI AvelI ane pUrva tathA uttara bhAratanAM praziSTa zilpAthI judI paDatI A. pAMcamI sadInI namUnedAra pratimA che. 5) dakhaNa vAkATaka rAjAonA protsAhana nIce kaMDArAela zailagRhonA kaMDArakAmamAM zilpane paNa pUrvakAlanI jema viziSTa sthAna maLyuM che. dakhkhaNamAM aMzamUrta

Page #149
bhAratIya prAcIna zipakalA zilponI paraMparA bauddha caityagRhomAM cheka I.sa. pUrve 2 jI sadIthI cAlI AvatI hatI. A paraMparAnuM keTaluMka anusaMdhAna, ane pUrvavata mathurAkalAno tathA samakAlIna sAranAthanI praziSTa kalAno keTaloka prabhAva jhIlIne A kAlamAM ajaMTA, kaherI (kRSNagiri) vagere sthAne e zailonkIrNa sthApatyane suzobhita karavAne ane mUrtimaMdiro banAvavAno stutya prayatna thayelo jovA maLe che. dakhaNamAMthI pUrNamUrtazilpanA avazeSo jUja maLe che. aMzamUrta zilpamAM ajaMTA ane karInAM zilpo 5 mI sadInA aMta samayanAM ane anyathAnanAM zilpo 6ThThI sadInAM jaNAya che. A zilpamAM mukhyatve bauddha mUrtividhAna thayeluM dRSTigocara thAya che. ahIMnI bauddha mUrtionA nirmANamAM varatAnuM bhArepaNuM ane bhAvAbhivyakitamAM jaNAtI UNapa parathI spaSTa lAge che ke kalAkAro sAranAthanI praziSTa kalAthI jANakAra hovA chatAM ene pUrepUrI samajI ke anubhavI zakayA nathI. dakhkhaNanI prastutakAlanI zilpakalAmAM sthaLa deha ane UMcAI para vadhu dhyAna ApavAnI sAthe dehanI mAMsalatA dvArA ene sajIva banAvavAno prayAsa thayo che paNa emAM zamatA ane sthiratAnI sAthe aMtarmukha AnaMda, jJAna ane paramasukhanI anubhUti thatI nathI. ajarAmAM guphA naM. 6-7 ane 15 thI 19 spaSTata: A kAlamAM vAkATaka rAjAonA protsAhanathI kaMDArAyelI jaNAya che. guphAomAM asaMkhya buddhamUrtio, bodhisatvo, yakSo, yakSiNI ane nAgarAjonAM zilpo kaMDArAyAM che. A zilpomAM e guphAomAM AlekhAyelAM citromAM jovA maLe che evI unnata bhAvavyaMjanAne abhAva varatAya che. ajaMTA pite ja saikAothI eka vikhyAta kalAzALA banI gaI hatI. AthI pUrvavatI kalAno A kAlanAM zilpo para prabhAva paDayo che, to bIjI bAju, khAsa karIne dehasauSThavanI bAbatamAM, guptakalAnA Adarzone ene sparza thayelo paNa dRSTigocara thAya che. staMbhanI zirAvaTIo paranAM zilpo vaividhya ane kalA baMne bAbatamAM caDiyAtAM jaNAya che. ahIMnAM keTalAMka zilpo khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. | guphA naM. 6 nA nIcalA majalAnA khaMbhamAM hAthIo ane yakSa dvArA TevAyelAM ghaTapallavo, aMdaranA garbhagRhanA dvAra paranAM makara-toraNo ane yalo, upalA majalAnA staMbhanI zirAvaTInA madhya bhAgamAM kaMDArelA makaramukha ane tenI -dareka phAlanAmAM hAthI upara savArI karatA be puruSonAM zilpa ane guphA naM. 7 nI dvArazAkhA para makara-sthita be devIonAM zilpa mane hara che.

Page #150
14 6H gupta-vAkATakakAlanAM praziSTa zilpa guphA naM. 15nA dvAranA taraMgamAM tharavALA zikharaghATanAM be aMkane che, jemAMnA nIcalA tharamAM nAgaphaNAnI chAyAyukata rUpa ane upalA tharamAM caityagavAkSanAM rUpAMkana che, tyagavAkSanI baMne bAjue kapotayugalo kaMDAryA che. guphA naM. 16nA garbhagRhamAM buddhanI pralaMbapAdAsanamAM beThelI bhavya pratimA jovA maLe che. A guphAnI chatamAMnA pATaDAone cheDe karelAM kIcako, vAdako ane AkAzagAmI devadevAMganAonAM zilpa nayanagamya che. guphA naM. 17 nI dvArazAkhAmAM aneka khaMDo pADIne phUlavelanI bhAta, kamaladala, sAMkaLIghATanAM rUpAMkane, buddhanAM zilpo, dvArapAlikAe ane be makarasthita devIonAM zilpa utkRSTa prakAranAM che. guphA naM. 19mAM buddhanI vividha mudrAmAM saMkhyAbaMdha mUrtie kaMDArelI che. A zilpo uttaraguptakAlanAM jaNAya che. A caitya-maMdiramAM stUpanI aMDanI UMcI pIThikA para AgalA bhAganA madhyanA gokhalAmAM UbhA buddhanI pratimAnAM darzana thAya che. A guphAmAM patnI sAthe beThelA nAgarAjanuM zilpa utkRSTa che. aMdaranA staMbhonA TekAo paranAM buddhanAM zilpo, hAthI, zAla, vAdako, apsarAo ane bhikSu yogIothI AvRtta che. bahAranI bAjue karelI mukhacokInA staMbho paNa zilpamaMDita che. tenA paranI bhavya rautyAkAra kamAnanI baMne bAjue be moTA kadanA yakSo kaMDAryA che. guphAnI bahAranI dIvAlamAM mukhyatve vyAkhyAnamudrAmAM ane yogamudrAmAM beThelA buddhanI mUrtio UbhI ane ADI haroLamAM kaMDArI che. vacce vacce, jagyA jaNAI tyAM buddhanI abhaya mudrA ane varadamudrAvALI UbhI mUrtio kaMDArI che. ADI haroLamAM vacce eka eka caityagavAkSanA suzobhanavALI haroLo karelI che. A guphAnAM zilpo para pUrvavata gaMdhArakalAne prabhAva paNa jaNAya che. eka mate saMbhavata: A zilpo gaMdhAramAM huNoe verelA vinAzathI nAsI chUTI pazcima bhAratamAM ajaMTA vagere kalAdhAmomAM AvI vaselA kalAkAroe kaMDAryA hatAM. muMbaI pAse kapherI (kRSNagiri)nI guphAo paikInI keTalIka A samayanI che. emAM buddha ane bodhisatvanAM zilpo ajaMTAnI tatkAlIna zailIe ghaDAyAM che. jo ke ahIM ajaMTA karatAM deharacanAmAM sthULatA vadhu jovA maLe che. ahIMnI 66mI guphAnuM Avelokitezvara pagapANinuM zilpa suMdara che. emAM bodhisatvane tArAdevInI be pratimAonI vacce UbhelA darzAvyA che. -9. E. B. Havell, The Ancient and Medieval Architecture of India, pp. 150f.

Page #151
142 bhAratIya prAcIna zi95lA A kAlanA chevaTanA bhAganuM muMbaI pAse parelamAMthI maLeluM aMzamUrta zilpa emAM kaMDArelI viziSTa vigatone laIne adritIya gaNAya che. emAM bhUtalamAMthI pragaTatI eka puruSAkRtimAMthI eka upara eka ema UbhI haroLamAM be ane baMne bAjue babbe maLIne kula cha AkRtio pragaTe che. mukhya devatAnA paga pAse be gaNa beThelA che. madhyamAM cheka uparanI bAjunI AkRtine asaMkhya hAtha che, jemAM vividha mudrAo ane aspaSTa upakaraNo dhAraNa karela najare paDe che. bAkInI 6 AkRtio dvibhuja che. temanA DAbA hAtha abhaya mudrAmAM che ne jamaNA hAthamAM aspaSTa vastu che. sAteya AkRtioe eka sarakhA jaTAmukuTa, kuMDaLa, hAra, valaya ane adhovastra dhAraNa karyA che. sarvanA deha sthaLa ane varSo saheja uThAva ApelAM che. temanAM mAMsala aMgone praziSTa kalAmAM jovA maLatuM suDoLapaNuM apAyuM che. pArzvagata cAreya AkRtionI gatizIlatA jomapUrNa che. mukhya AkRtinI jema ja sarva AkRtio dhyAnastha che. samagra zilpane bahirekhA vaDe karavAmAM AvyuM che. zilpane zivaliMganA ghATa apAyo hovAthI Ane zaiva zilpa mAnavAmAM Ave che. te zivanA triguNAtmaka svarUpanuM sUcana kare che evo paNa keTalAka vidvAnone abhiprAya che. vastuta: viSaNunA vizvarUpanI jema AmAM zivanA vizvarUpanuM darzana karAvyuM che. A mUrtimAM jovA maLatAM jomayukata viziSTa mUrtividhAna, viziSTa dehasauSThava, gatizIlatA, AMtarabhAvanI abhivyakita vagere to samakAlIna dakhkhaNanAM zilpAmAM bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. 6) dakSiNa bhArata gImAM 4-5 mI sadI daramyAna zAlaMkAyananI ANa pravartatI hatI. teo sUryanI citraratha svAminA nAmathI upAsanA karatA hatA. temaNe baMdhAvela A devanuM devAlaya nAza pAmI gayuM che. jo ke elorA pAse paDavegImAMthI keTalAka avazeSo maLI AvyA che. emAMnI gaNezanI dvibhuja pratimAno A pradezanI tamAma uttarakAlIna gaNeza pratimAo para prabhAva paDela che. zAlaMkAyana kalA pUrvakAlIna pallava kalA sAthe saMkaLAyelI hatI. A pUrvakAlIne pallava kalA vAkATakonI kalA sAthe paNa saMbaMdhita hatI. A pallava kalAno vistAra cheka kRSNAnI khINanA pradeza sudhI thayelo hato. pejhuDiyamamAMthI maLela A zailInAM aMzamUrta zilpamAM gaNeza, brahmA, narasiMha, zivaliMga, viSNu, devI, umAmahezvara, zrI vatsanA pratIkarUpa lakSmI, mahiSAsuramardinI vagere noMdhapAtra che. mahiSAsuramardinInI caturbhuja mUrtine bAda karatAM bAkInI dvibhuja che ne te kAverIpAkkama ane anya sthAnoethI maLela uttara pallavakAlIna zilpone kaMika

Page #152
7: gupta-vAkATaka kalanAM praziSTa zika 143 aMze maLatI Ave che, jyAre emAMnI lakSmI enADImAMthI maLela pallava lakSmInI dhAtumAM banelI zrI valsanI pratIkAkRti sAthe sAmya dharAve che. mADugulAmAMthI zivanuM saparivAra aMkanavALuM sajIvatApUrNa zilpa maLyuM che. evI rIte brahmAnuM paNa tyAMthI eka dvibhuja zilpa maLyuM che. vijayavADA myujhiyamamAM surakSita zivapratimA pUrva-pallavakAlIna kalA zailIne sarasa namUno che. 5 mI sadInI A pratimAmAM dvibhuja ziva DAbo hAtha sAthaLa para TekavIne ane jamaNA hAthamAM kuhADI dhAraNa karIne lalitAsanamAM beThelA che. temanA paga pAse naMdI beTho che. A ArasanI pratimAmAM jaTAjUTa, pahoLA skaMdha, pAtaLI kaTi, sapramANa deha, sAmarthya pUrNa bhAvavAhI mukhamudrA zilpane prabhAvotpAdaka banAve che. A zilpa enI pUrvavatI sAtavAhana ane ikvAku kalAne uttarakAlIna pallavakalAnI sAthe sAMdhatI kaDI rUpa che.

Page #153
7. anu-guptakAlIna zilpakalA (I. sa. 550thI I. sa. -70) prastuta kAlamAM uttarApathamAM guptAnA patana pachI maukhario, vanA, maitrake vagerenI ane dakSiNApathamAM vAkATakonA patana pachI cAlukayA ane pallavAnI mukhya sattA jAmI. A ane anya rAjavazenA prAtsAhanathI sthApatyanI sAthe zilpakalAnA bhAre vikAsa thayA. 1) sAmAnya lakSaNA 1) carcita kAlanI zilpakalA guptakAlIna utkRSTa paraMparAone anusaravA uparAM nUtana udbhAvanAo ane prayogothI bharelI che. vastuta: e pUrvavartI guptakAlanI ane uttaravatI rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAlakAlanI kalAnA saMkrAntikAlanu svarUpa vyakata kare che. AmAM guptakalAnI sarakhAmaNImAM adhika vyApakatA ane saMpannatA daSTigocara thAya che. zilpazAstro racAyAM hovArthI temaja purANeAe paNa devatAonuM mUrti vidhAna Apelu hovAthI kalAvyaMjanA mATe devavidyA ane sRSTividyAnA AdhAra maLatAM aneka navIna kalAvya...jaka viSayonA pracAra thayo. A bAbata brAhmaNa, bauddha ane jaina traNeya dharmane samAnapaNe lAgu paDe che. 2) A kAlamAM paurANika ane dhArmika nigUDha tattvAne saraLa rIte vyakata karavAnI paraMparAo daDha thaI. devadevIonuM divyatva aneka hAtha ane Ayudho dvArA pragaTa karavA tarapha vizeSa dhyAna apAyuM. mUrti kArone A kAlamAM zilpanI paraMparAo uparAMta sAdhanA, dhyAna ane maMtrAnA kSetramAM pracalita paraMparAonA sAtha maLyo. AthI teo devatAonA rUpAMkanamAM adbhuta kSamatA dAkhavI zakayA. temaNe mUrtividhAna zAstrAnusAre ane sauMdarya vidhAna aMgata kuzaLatAthI prayojyAM. sarvAMganA yathAzomi pATava rispayet (zukranIti, 4/547) A Adezane anusarIne mUrti kAro mUrtine suMdara banAvavA tarapha khAsa lakSya ApatA. Ane kAraNe ja bhAratIya mUrti emAM ekanA eka devanI mUrti e samAna zAstra anusAra banavA chatAM pratyeka eka bIjAthI judI paDI Ave che. 3) devadevIo, buddho, bodhisattvA, tIthaMkaro, yakSayakSiNIo, rAjArANIo vagerenI mahAkAya AkRtione mukhya sthAna apAyu che, jyAre phUlavelanI bhAta

Page #154
7: anuguptakAlIna zilpakalA ane bhaumitika AkRtione AnuSaMgika sthAna apAyuM che. gaja, siMha vagere prANIonI AkRtio ochI saMkhyAmAM paNa gaNanApAtra kadamAM najare paDe che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM uttara bhAratanI sarakhAmaNIe phUlavelanI bhAta ane bhaumitika AkRtio suzobhana rekhAMkano tarIke ghaNA ochA pramANamAM prajAI che. 4) buddhanI mUrtimAM have vajapakane sthAne vizrAMti maLe e mATe temane pralaMbapAdAsanamAM besADavAno prakAra pracalita thayo je TUMka samayamAM bhArata vyApI prasAra pAmyo. 2) uttara bhArata A kALa daramyAna sAranAthanI praziSTa kalA-paraMparAe uttara bhAratamAM m rtio ghaDAtI rahI, kamanasIbe ghaNAM zilpo temanA sthApatyanI sAthe nAza pAmyAM hovAthI temanuM sarvAgI svarUpa tAravavuM muzkela che. gaMgA-yamunAnA doAbamAM mathurA, sAranAtha tathA anya sthaLoe zilpa banatAM rahyAM. A zilpamAM guptakAlIna praziSTa zilpakalAnAM vaLatAM pANI thayelAM jaNAya che. Ama chatAM hajI emAM mRdutA, sauMdarya ane bhAvavyaMjanAnAM to bahu ghaTI gayelAM varatAtAM nathI. | mathurA pradezamAMthI maLelI eka strI mUrtine kaTi nIceno bhAga ane saMkIsAnI padmapANinI mUrti baMne kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamanI zilpasamRddhimAM ratno samAna gaNAya che. 7 mI sadInI A baMne mUrtio guptakAlIna sughATayakalAne pUrNapaNe abhivyakata karatI uttama kalAkRtio che. emAM paNa nArI-mU ti nA rUpAMkanamAM kalAkAre addabhuta kauzalya dAkhavyuM che. emAM e DAbI bAju tarapha Daga bharatI hovAthI dehane tribhaMga racAyo che. bArIka malamalanuM adhovastra paganI ghUMTI sudhI pahoMce che. tenA upalA cheDA kaTinI DAbI bAjue evI rIte gAMThelA che ke jethI nIcenA bhAgamAM saLaMga UbhI manohara vallIo AkAra pAmI che. teNe paherelA lAMbA ura:sUtranA nIcalA cheDe ratnajaDita goLa penDala daSTigocara thAya che, je teNInA DAbA jAnune sparza karI rahyuM che. teNe pagamAM bhAre nUpura paheryA che. pAtaLI kaTi nIce tarapha jatAM sahajapaNe bhAre banI che. mRdutA, lAvaNya ane sapramANa mUrtividhAnane laIne A zilpa guptottara kalAno zreSTha namUne gaNAyuM che. pApANinI mUrtimAM ghATa, rekhA ane bhAva vacce suMdara samanvaya. thayo che. mathurA pradezamAMthI maLelI ane hAla kalakattAnA uparokata myujhiyamamAM surakSita sarasvatI, paMcikA, hArIti ane nAgadaMpatInAM zilpamAM A kAlanI. kalAnAM lakSaNo pratibiMbita thAya che. bhA. prA. zi.-10

Page #155
143 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA 3) pU. bhArata A vistAramAM guptakAla daramyAna je sthULa bhAvayukata zilpakalAnA prasAra thayA hatA te A kAlamAM cAlu rahyo. ghaNI zilpakRtiomAM kAmAsakitanA bhAva spaSTa varatAI Ave che. bihAramAM bhAgalapura, rAjamahala ane baMgALamAM pahADapuranI keTalIka lAvaNya, bhAva-uSmA ane samatulAyukata zilpakRtio A zailInAM A kAlanAM sarasa daSTAMta pUrAM pADe che. nAlaMdAmAMthI A kAlanAM buddha ane bAdhisattvanAM saMkhyAbadha mUrti zilpA maLyAM che. A zilpA para sAranAthanI praziSTa kalAnI spaSTa chApa varatAya che. sleTiyA paththaramAMthI kaMDArelI ahIMnI mUrtie bauddha mUtividhAna anusAra banelI che. buddhane prathamavAra pralaMbapAdAsanamAM beThelA rajU karavAnuM zreya saMbhavata: nAla dAnA kalAsiddhione prApta thAya che. bihAramAM bhAgalapuranA maMdiranI dvArazAkha! paranI srI-AkRtinA rUpavidhAnamAM guptazailInI mRdutA ane suDoLa dehachaTAnI sAthe pUrvanI zailInI vilAsitAnA samanvaya thayo che. mahAkavi kAlidAsanA koI yuvAna strIpAtrane sAkAra karatuM hoya tevuM A cAru zilpa che. vaLI bihAramAM rAjamahelamAMthI prApta thayela ane hAla paTanA myujhiyamamAM surakSita karela srImUrti paNa noMdhapAtra che. eka dvArazAkhA para baMne bAju UbhI pamAMkita haroLAnI vaccenI jagyAmAM adhikamU svarUpe A zilpa kaMDAryuM che. AbhaMgamAM paganA pahoMcA upara UbhelI strInA bArIka adhavasranuM svarUpa kalakattA myujhiyamanI uparokata strImUrti jevuM che. tenA dukUlanA paTTo baMne bhujAone kalAmayarIte vIMTaLAyelA che ne enA eka cheDo teNIe DAbA hAtha vaDe dhAraNa karyo che. tenA mastaka para viziSTa prakAranI AkarSa ka kezaracanA karelI che. eNe kuMDaLa, mukatAmALA, bAjubaMdha metInAM kaMkaNa, ratnajaDita kamarabaMdha ane pagamAM nupUra dhAraNa karyAM che. paga pAse UbhelA popaTa UMcuM mukha karIne strIne nirakhI rahyo che. A pALelA pakSI sAthe gela karavAnA AnaMda srInA mukha para varatAya che. lAMbI dehayaSTi hAvA chatAM aMgabhaMgIne laIne zilpa AkarSaka banyuM che. bagALamAM pahADapura (rAjazAhI jillA)A kAla daramyAna paNa zilpakendra tarIke cAlu rahyuM hatuM. ahIMnA A kAlanAM zilpAmAM kAmAsakitabhAva agAunA mukAbale vadhelA jaNAya che. sAtamI sadInAM ahIMnAM zilpAmAM gupta praziSTa zalInAM rUpakSamatA ane najAkata javalle ja varatAya che. alabatta, emAM viSayAsakitanA bhAva zuddha svarUpe prasphuTa thatA jovA maLe che. emAM sAdhAraNa sthULatA ane sthAnika

Page #156
7: anuguptakAlIna zilpakalA 147 prajAmAM lokapriya banelAM kalAsvarUpa vizeSa prayojAyAM che. yamunAnI mUrti AnuM sarasa daSTAMta che. cauDAgrAma ane kAkadIghImAMthI maLelAM dhAtuzilpa paNa A zelInA sArA namUnA pUrA pADe che. samaya jatAM A kalAlImAMthI pAlakalAno vikAsa thayo. 4) madhya pradeza madhyapradezamAM guptakAlamAM potAnI viziSTa zi95zailIne vikAsa thayo hato, * A zailI prastuta kAlamAM paNa cAlu rahelI jaNAya che. dehanI sthULatAne laIne A zilpo alaga tarI Ave che. alabatta, mUrtividhAna spaSTa ane vigatapUrNa thayuM che. A zilpa uttarabhAratIya zilpo karatAM samakAlIna dakhkhaNanAM zilpo sAthe vadhu sAmya dharAve che. jabalapura pAse AvelA bheDAghATamAMthI maLela mAtRkAonI mUrtio ane sAMcInI keTalIka buddha ane bodhisonI pratimAo A zailInAM daSTAMta pUrAM pADe che. 5) gujarAta-rAjasthAna gujarAta ane rAjasthAnamAM A kAlanAM zilpa pUrvakAlIna pazcimI zailInI paraMparAno vikAsa sUcave che. dezanA anya bhAgone mukAbale A kAlanA gujarAtanAM mUrti zilpono vaibhava ghaNo susamRddha ane vaividhyapUrNa che. maitrako ane bIjA samakAlIna rAjavaMzoe A kALa daramyAna aneka sthaLoe maMdiro baMdhAvyAM ne tene zilpathI vibhUSita karyA. temaNe mUrtinI prANapratiSThA karAvI. gujarAtanA lagabhaga badhA bhAgomAMthI A kAlanAM zilpo maLI AvyAM che. sudaDha bAMdho, beThA ghATanAM aMgaupAMge, meTAM mAthAM, paryasatka vastraparidhAna, vaividhyapUrNa alaMkAronuM vadheluM pramANa, lAvaNyapUrNa deha, sUma bhAvavyaMjanA vagere A zelInAM zilponAM viziSTa lakSaNo jaNAya che. kAraNamAMthI maLela naMdIne aDhelIne UbhelAM ziva-pArvatInI ane nRtya karatI kaumArInI mUrtio, zAmaLAjImAMthI maLelI "kaLazI chokarAnI mA" ne nAme pUjAtI vizvarUpa viSNunI mUrti, tyAMnI makaravAhinI gaMgA ane trizULadhArI ziva dvArapALa, koTayarka mahuDInAM mAtA tathA zizu ane skaMdamAtA, vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM surakSita bherava, kapurAImAMthI prApta thayela ziva-pArvatInuM khaMDita zilpa, TIMToImAMthI maLela nRtya karatA gaNeza ane vINAdhara ziva tathA pArvatI, kapaDavaMja pAse kaThalAlamAMthI maLela vizvarUpa viSNu, uttara gujarAtamAM vaDAvala ane koTezvara pAsethI maLelAM mAtRkAzilpa, kadavAra(ji. jUnAgaDha)nA varAhamaMdiranI varAha pratimA, mAMgaroLamAMthI maLela ane rAjakoTanA voTsana myujhiyamamAM surakSita sUrya-pratimA,

Page #157
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta kArtti keya, roDAnAM maMdira paranAM devAMganAo, gaNeza siMhavAhinI durgA vagerenAM maneAhara zilpA, DhAMka pAse AvelI jaina guphAo paranA tIrthaMkaronAM a Mzam zilpA, akoTA ane valabhImAMthI maLelI dhAtupratimAo vagere A kalAzailInAM prasiddha zilpA che. AmAM kalAnI daSTie keTalAMka vizeSa noMdhapAtra che. 142 zAmaLAjInA nAgadharA pAsethI eka derImAM sthAnika AdivAsIo dvArA "kaLazI cheAkarAMnI mA"nA nAme pUjAtI vizvarUpa viSNunI pratimAmAM deva anaMta nAga upara vIrAsanamAM UbhaDaka beThA che. aSTabhuja viSNunAM ghaNAMkharAM AyudhA khaMDita thayAM che. temanI pAchaLanA bhAgamAMthI 23 anya AkRtio AvirbhUta thatI STigAcara thAya che. emAM brahmA, ziva, balarAma, sUrya, caMdra, varAha, hayagrIva vagere oLakhI zakAya che. viSNunAM traNa mukha eliphanTAnI mahezamUrtinA trimukha ne maLatAM Ave che. kATaSa mAMthI maLI Avela mAtA ane zizunA zilpa (AkRti 38)mAM DAbI bAjue keDa para bALaka teDIne bALakanA DAbA pagane potAnA hAtha vaDe Teko ApatI dribhaMgamAM UbhelI strInI aMgabhaMga, mastaka paranI AkarSaka kezaracanA, kAna, kaMTha ane kara para bhAre AbhUSaNA, adhAvasranA cheDe banatA gAmutrikAghATa ane peAtAnA DAbA kAnanA meATA kuMDaLane kheMcI rahelA bALakane aTakAvatI, mukha para vAtsalya bhAva dharAvatI suMdara mUrti svarUpe potAnI kalpanAne sAkAra karavAmAM gujarAtanA zilpIne bhAre saphaLatA maLI che. A ja sthaLethI maLela ska damAtAnA zilpamAM eka anucarI kanyAnA khabhA para beThelA skaMdane pArvatI lADa karI rahelAM jovA maLe che. traNeyanA mukha para AhlAdaka bhAva nitare che. kAravaNamAMthI maLela nRtya karatI kaumArI ke skaMdamAtAnI pratimA emAM vyakata thayela aMgabhaMga, ullAsa ane sphUrtine laIne tatkAlIna kalAne jIvaMta namU nA gaNAya che. vaDodarA pAse kapurAI gAmethI maLeluM ane hAla vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM surakSita UbhAM umA-mahezvaranu khaMDita zilpa paNa gujarAtanI A kAlanI kalAnA zreSTha namU ne gaNAya che. AmAM beThA ghATanAM aMgAne badale lAMbI pAtaLI kAyA ane paga daSTigocara thAya che, je tatkAlIna dakhkhaNanI zilpakalAnA prabhAvane kAraNe saMbhave che. vaDAvala gAmethI maLela mAtRkAzilpA khaMpaikI vArAhI ane pArvatI vizeSa kalAtmaka che. baMne devIo caturbhuja svarUpanI, suMdara kezaracanA, tatkAlIna pracalita

Page #158
paTa 10 7: anu-guptakAlIna zi95kalA ) ' che 'Int: Civil, ' 11]In . 2 38 mAtA ane zizu (keTavarka che 39 mahiSAsuramardinI durgA (mAmalapurama)

Page #159
150 bhAratIya prAcIna zi95lA AbhUSaNo ane bArIka kalAtmaka vastrasajAvaTa-yukata che. vArAhI mAtRkAnA be hAthamAM bALaka eka hAtha khAlI ane eka hAthe upavastrano cheDo pakaDelo che. samabhaMgamAM UbhelAM pArvatInA upalA be hAthamAM anukrame zivaliMga ane gaNapati, nIcalo eka hAtha varadamudrAmAM ane eka hAthe khaMDita che. tapa karatAM pArvatIne pharatI agnijvAlAo kaMDArI che. temanA mastaka para cApAkAre darzAvelAM nava mastako nava nAgo ke nava grahonAM sUcaka che. vaDodarA pAse TITeImAMthI maLela vINAdhara ziva ane pArvatInI manohara mUrtimAM caturbhuja ziva be hAtha vaDe vINA ane bIjA bemAM trizULa ane sarpadhArI UbhA che. temanI bAjumAM caturbhuja pArvatIe be hAtha vaDe bAlasvarUpa kArtikeyane teDayA che, eka hAthamAM padma che ane eka hAtha nIce UbhelA mayUra pAse laTake che. zivanI pAchaLa vAhana naMdI Ubhela jaNAya che. akoTA valabhI ane anya sthaLoethI maLelI A kAlanI zreSTha dhAtupratimAono paricaya alaga pariziSTamAM apAyelo che. rAjasthAnamAMthI paNa uparokata lakSaNovALI m tio maLI AvI che. AbudelavADAmAM AvelA jagannAtha maMdiramAMnI zeSazAyI caturbhuja viSNu, beThelI kaumArI, cAmuMDA ane vArAhI mAtRkAonI pratimAo, temaja vAliyaranI AsapAsathI maLela strIzilpo enAM daSTAMtarUpa che. 6) dakhaNa anuguptakAla daramyAna dakSiNApathanA A vistAra para vAkATakonA anugAmI cAlukayonI sattA pravata. A vaMzanA rAjA pulakezI 1lAe vAtApi (badAmI) vasAvI tyAM rAjadhAnI khaseDI. te ane tene putra kIrtirAja ane patra pulakezI rajo vidyA ane kalAnA protsAhako hatA. AthI zilpakalAne paNa bhAre uttejana maLyuM. AthI I. sa. 550 thI 750 daramyAna astitvamAM AvelI viziSTa zilpazalIne temanA nAma parathI pazcimI cAlukya zailI tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A zailImAM paurANika upAsanAnuM joma jussApUrvaka puna: jAgaraNa thatuM jaNAya che. zilpo temanAM samatulana, ghaDatara ane kadamAM sapramANa, sAmarthya yukata ane bhAvapUrNa che. AthI A zilpone emanI susaMvAditAnI bAbatamAM groseTa (Grousset) jevA vidvAne ethensa ane phorensanAM zilpo karatAM caDiyAtAM gaNAvyAM che. zarUAtanAM zilpo para guptakAlanI praziSTakalAnI chApa, khAsa karIne pAtaLI dehadaSTi, dhyAnamagnatA vagerenI bAbatamAM varatAya che. AmAM thayeluM UDatA gaMdharvonuM Alekhana

Page #160
K. 7: anu-guptakAlIna zilpalA sarvAdhika prazaMsA pAmyuM che. dilhInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM surakSita A prakAranu eka gaMdha yugalanuM zilpa enuM zreSTha daSTAMta gaNAya che. emAM e yugalane AkAzamAM chaTA ane gauravapUrvaka saMcAra karatuM darzAvyuM che. zreNIbaddha vakrarekhAo dvArA gatisaMcAra darzAvyA che. kumArasvAmIne mate A zilpamAM guptakalA karatAM vizeSa nATayAtmaka jussA ane enI gatizIlatAmAM meAkaLAza varatAya che. AmAM AkRtine lAlityapUrNa banAvavAnu ane dehane pAtaLApaNuM ApavAnuM valaNa vadhatuM jatuM jaNAya che. hALenI zilpakRtio madhyama koTinI che. alabatta emAM mRdutA ane samatulA STigeAcara thAya che. emAM mukhya devatAo ane gauNa AkRtionA deha pAtaLI kaTine laIne nArI jevI komaLatAvALA banyA che, paNa e sivAya emAM praziSTa kalAnA koI aMza varatAtA nathI. emAM sAranAthanI bhAvAbhivyakitanI kSamatA AvI zakI nathI. jo ke aMgeAnI mRdutA ane saumya mUrtividhAnanI bAbatamAM e sAranAthanI praziSTa kalAthI prabhAvita jaNAya che. A zilpAmAM lAMbA pAtaLA deha ane lAMbI mukhAkRti pUrvavartI veMgI kalAnA prabhAvanAM sUcaka che. aM hoLenAM A zilpA pUrvakAlIna veMgI (Andhra) kalA ane uttarakAlIna pallava kalAne sAMdhatI kaDI rUpa jAya che. durgAmaMdiranI pharatI parasALamAM karelA gavAkSeAmAM kaMDArelAM ziva, viSNu, lakSmI, nrusiMha ane varAha avatAra tathA mahiSAsuramardinInAM zilpA AnA dRSTAMtarUpa che. AmAMnA viSNunA zilpamAM komaLa dehavALA devanA mukha paranA mRdu hAsyamAM chatA thatA parama AdhyAtmika AnaMda ane lakSmInA zilpamAM jamaNA paga. TekavIne Ubhela devInAM ratnajaDita AbhUSaNo bhAre zirAveSTana ane kuMDaLa tathA mastaka paranI puSpasajAvaTa khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. AdAsImAM A kAlamAM traNa brAhmaNa guphAo ane eka jaina guphA kaMDArAI hatI. A badhI guphAo zilpathI bharacaka suzAbhita che. devAnI AkRtio zAstrIya niyamAnusAra nahi paNa svecchAe vigatavAra kaMDArelI che. devadevIonA aneka hAtha ane Ayudha para vizeSa dhyAna apAyuM che. emAM gupta zailI jevI hasta mudrAo! ane e zailImAM mUrti para dekhAtA epa paNa ahIM jaNAtAM nathI. Ama chatAM A zilpAnI noMdhapAtra vizeSatA e che ke agAu guptakAlamAM sAranAtha vagerenI mUrti emAM devatAonI divyazakita pracchanna rahetI hatI te ahIM mukhya devatAmAM pUrAM joma sahita aMtaranA UMDANamAMthI kriyAzIlatA sAthe praph Ta thatI jaNAya che. ene sacATa rIte vyakata karavA mATe zilpanA lakanI nirdhArita maryAdAne atikramIne mukhyadevanAM aMge ane AyudhAne bahAra nIkaLatAM darzAvyAM

Page #161
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpaphlA che. alaukika sAmarthyane A rIte vyakata karavAnI paddhati anyatra ajJAta che ane te sthAnika leAkazailInA prabhAvanuM pariNAma hAvA saMbhave che. 154 badAmInI guphA naM. 1mAM tAMDava nRtya karatA zivanu utkRSTa zilpa che. naMdI, gaNapati ane mRdaMga vagADatA nArada e nRtya nirakhI rahyA che. guphAnI pAchalI dIvAlamAM kaMDArelu. mahiSAsuramardinI durgAnuM zilpa paNa jomayukata che. vaLI devAnA senApati mahAsena(kArtti keya) ane guphAnI bahAranI dIvAla para kaMDArela trizULadhArI dvArapALa dhyAna kheMce che. guphA naM. ramAMnu hiraNyakaziputhI pRthvIne mukata karAvatA varaha avatAra viSNunuM zilpa suvikhyAta che. emAM vizvaniyaMtA viSNunA avatArarUpa varAhe pRthvIne daDhatApUrvaka uThAvela che. niyaMtAnA hAthamAM rahela devInI AkRti svastha, ArAmadAyaka sthitimAM che. zarIramAM prANIzakitane jAgrata karIne tenI sAthe peAtAnuM vizvakArya AnaMdapUrvaka pAra pADatA varAha rUpAMkana adritIya che. guphA naM. 73mAM zeSanAga para zayana karI rahelA viSNune meTA mukuTa uparanA bhAge nAga phaNAothI chavAyelA che. catubhu ja viSNunI sAme lakSmInI nAnI AkRti kaMDArI che, jyAre nIce jamaNI bAjue vAhana garuDa che. bAdAmInI jaina guphAmAM pAchalI dIvAlamAM siMhAsana para beThela eka AkRti daSTigeAcara thAya che. temanI pratyeka bAju eka eka cAmaradhArI che. pIThikA para zArdUla ane makaranAM mastako ka'DAryA che. A guphAmAM gautamasvAmI temanA cAra sarpa - anucarosahita ane pArzvanAtha temanA niyata anucarohita kaMDArelA che. A jana zilpAmAM paNa cAlukaya sughATayakalA pUrNa paNe vikaselI daSTigAcara thAya che. paDalanAM maMdiromAM mAmallapuram ane kAMjIvaramUnI zilpakalAnI asara tvaratAya che. eTalu ja nahi, emAM cAlukaya zailInA pUrNa vikAsa najare paDe che. pApanAtha maMdiramAMnAM bhAgAsanAnAM suMdara zilpA uparAMta, tripurAMtaka tathA lebala sahitanI rAmAyaNanI saMpUrNa kathAnI haroLA kaMDArI che. virUpAkSa maMdiranI badhI ja dIvAlA zilpAthI khIcAkhIca bharelI che. emAM rAmAyaNanAM dazyA, ziva tathA nAga-nAgaNIonAM zilpA manamAhaka che. ahIMnA sta MbhA para gaMgA ane amRtanI kathA, ahalyA ane indranA praNaya, bhISmanI zaraAyA paranI chellI paLeA vagere suMdara rIte abhivyakata thayAM che. A maMdironI eka noMdhapAtra vizeSatA e jaNAya che ke, temanI pIThanI pratyeka haroLamAM vividha AnaMdapramoda yukata mudrAomAM zivagaNAnI -azam AkRtio kauMDArelI che. A zilpAnA pravAha satata vahetA hovA chatAM te pravAha niyaMtrita jharaNA jevo che.

Page #162
7: anu-guptakAlIna zikjhakalA 153 cAlukaya narezonI dharmasahiSNu nItinA kAraNe dakhkhaNamAM bauddhadharmano prabhAva cAlu rahyo. ajaMTA elerA ane auraMgAbAdamAM A kALa daramyAna bauddha lagRho kaMDArAyAM. ajaTAmAM A kALa daramyAna paNa bauddha guphAo kaMDAravAnI pravRtti moTA pAyA para cAlu rahI. guphA naM. 1 thI 5 ane 21 thI 29 kaMDArAI, jemAMnI naM. 26 satya ane bAkInI badhI vihAra svarUpanI che. A badhI guphAo mahAyAna saMpradAyanI che. guptakAlamAM A zailagRhomAM utkRSTa kakSAe pahoMcelI zilpakalAnAM A kAlamAM vaLatAM pANI thayelAM jovA maLe che. guphA naM. 1nA staMbhonI kuMbhIo paranAM devadevIonAM aMzam tuM zilpo tathA zirAvaTIo paranuM kotarakAma enI madhyabhAge kaMDArelAM kIcakanAM zilpo ane tenA nirgata cheDAo upara hAthamAM puSpamALAo laI AvI rahela upAsaka devayugalanI AkRti najare paDe che. guphAnA pAchalA garbhagRhamAM dharmacakrapravartana karatA buddhanI moTI pratimA che. vihAranA varaMDAmAM naranArIonAM vaMdo, phUlavelanI bhAta, buddhanA jIvanaprasaMgo ane aneka prANIonI manahara lIlAonAM zilpo kaMDArelAM che. guphA naM. ranA staMbhanI zirAvaTInA phalakanI madhyamAM Amalaka ane tenI baMne bAju kamaladalanAM zilpa che. guphAnI bahAra pravezakhaMDanI baMne bAju eka eka nAnuM caityagRha (garbhagRha) kaMDAryuM che, jenI AgaLa kADhelI zRMgAracokIonA staMbha para kaMDArelI zAlabhaMjikAonI zilpakRtio AkarSaka che. A guphAnA pAchalA mukhya garbhagRhamAM paNa vyAkhyAna ApatA buddhanI moTI pratimA che. guphA naM. 4nA garbhagRhamAM vyAkhyAna ApatA buddhanI kadAvara pratimAnI be bAjue bodhisattva vajapANi ane bodhisatva avalokitezvara najare paDe che. guphA naM. 3 ane 5 nuM kaMDArakAma adhuruM rahI gayuM che. guphA naM. 21 thI 25 ane 27 thI 29nuM rUpAMkana guphA naM. 1 nA sAthe sAmya dharAve che. guphA naM. 26nA caityagRhamAM varaMDa, abhitti temaja caityakhaMDamAM aneka boddha zilpo kaMDAyAM che. staMbhonI Amalaka ghATanI zirAvaTIo AkarSaka che. stUpanI pIThikA paranA gekhalAmAM siMhAsana para beThelA bhagavAna buddhanI pratimA najare paDe che. elorA bhAratIya zilpanuM susamRddha sarvocca kendra che. bauddha, brAhmaNa ane jaina traNeya dharmonI ahIM guphAo AvelI hovAthI e traNeyane lagatAM dhArmika zilpo ahIM vipula pramANamAM daSTigocara thAya che. 34 guphAo paikI 1 thI 12

Page #163
154 bhAratIya prAcIna zi95lA. bauddha, 13 thI 29 brAhmaNa ane 30 thI 34 jaina dharmane lagatI che. AmAMnI bauddha guphAo I. sa. 600 thI 750 daramyAna kaMDArAyelI che, tethI enAM zilponuM nirUpaNa ahIM abhipreta che. A zilpa virATa kadanAM joma-jussAvALAM ane bauddha mUrtividhAna anusAra kaMDArelAM jaNAya che. A zilpamAM abhivyakitanuM gAMbhIrya, aMtarmukha zamatA ane AdhyAtmika gauravanI chApa UThatI nathI. mUrti zilpamAM gautamabuddha, bodhisattvo, bauddha devIo, yakSa-yakSiIo, nAgarAja vagere noMdhapAtra che. | guphA naM. 1 nI varaMDAnI DAbI bAjunI dIvAla para bauddha devatA janmelanuM zilpa kaMDAryuM che. tenuM svarUpa hiMdu deva kuberane maLatuM jaNAya che. moTuM udara, eka hAthamAM kamaLa-nALa ane bIjAmAM nANAkothaLI jaNAya che. tenA mastaka para ratnajaDita mukuTa ane khabhe ratanajaDita yajJopavIta paNa che. guphA naM. 2 cetyaguphA che. emAMnI mukhya mUrtimAM upadezamudrAmAM beThelA buddhanI bhavya pratimA kaMDArI che. temanI Aju bAju cAmaradhArI UbhA che. garbhagRhanI bahAra cAmaradhArIone maLatAM AvatAM dvArapALAnAM zilpa che. temanA mastaka para puSpamALAo laIne UDI rahelAM gaMdharvayugala jovA maLe che. dvArapALonA zilpa pAse keTalIka strImUrtio kaMDArI che je oLakhI zakAI nathI. | guphA naM. 3mAM kamaLanALa dhAraNa karatA buddha, temanI bAjumAM nAgarAja ane avalokitezvaranAM zilpa jovA maLe che. A guphAnA staMbho paranI ghaTapallavanI bhAta AkarSaka che. guphA naM. 4mAM pralambapAdAsanamAM besIne dharmacakra pravartAvatA buddha ane temanI DAbI bAjue badhisatva avalokitezvara UbhelA jovA maLe che. emanI jamaNI bAjue bauddha devI gU kuTInuM suMdara zilpa che. tenA eka hAthamAM kamaMDaLa ane bIjAmAM puSpamALA che. guphAnI DAbI dIvAla para kaMDArela strImUrtinA eka hAthamAM kamaLa ane bIjAmAM phUlamALA hovAthI te devI tArA hovAnuM manAya che. guphA naM. 5mAM kaMDAreluM bodhisatva avalokitezvaranuM zilya prasiddha che. temanA jamaNA hAthamAM pupamALA ane DAbA hAthamAM kamaLanALa, mastaka para jaTAmukuTa ane DAbA skaMdha para mRgacarma che. temanI AsapAsa tArA ane vRkuTI jovA maLe che. guphA naM. 6mAM paNa avalokitezvara ane tArAdevI uparAMta mahAmAyUrIdevInuM zilpa dhyAna kheMce che. guphAnI DAbI dIvAla upara traNa haroLamAM buddhanAM zilpo jovA maLe che. staMbha paranI ghaTapallavanI bhAta ane temanI Toca paranAM zArdUla ane kicakanAM zilpo tema ja dvArazAkhAo paranAM gaMgA ane yamunAnAM zilpa manehara che. AmAMnAM gaMgA ane yamunAnAM aMkano bauddha kalAmAM paNa keTalAMka hiMdu dharmanAM kalApratIko apanAvI levAyAM hovAnA spaSTa purAvArUpa jaNAya che. guphA naM. 8 mAM

Page #164
7: anu-guptakAlIna zi95kalA 155. buddhanI mukhya pratimAnI DAbI bAju bodhisatva vajapANinuM suMdara zilpa che. emaNe eka hAthamAM vaja ane bIjA hAthe vastrane cheDo pakaDelo che. emaNe dhAraNa karelAM mukuTa, kuMDaLa, mukatAmALA ane valaya kalAtmaka che. guphAnA pravezadvAre dvArapALa. tarIke DAbI bAjue bodhisatva avalokitezvara ane jamaNI bAjue bodhisattva. matreya jovA maLe che. baMne bodhisattvonI bAjue eka eka strImU ti kaMDArI che, e pa kInI matreya pAse UbhelI strInI kezaracanA kalAtmaka che. A guphAmAM. upadeza ApatA buddha ane cAmara dharatA maneya uparAMta avalokitezvara ane mahAmAyUrInAM zilpo dhyAnapAtra che guphA naM. 10 A kAlanI zilpakalAnA suMdara namUnA pUrA paDe che. ghaTapallavanAM suzobhanavALA staMbha para kayAreka doDatA hAthI, haraNa tathA ghoDA ane ghoDesavAronAM dazyo AkarSaka che. guphAmAM eka hAthamAM kamaLa ane bIjo hAtha varadamudrAmAM rAkhIne UbhelA avalokitezvaranI uparanA bhAgamAM tArAdevInuM zilpa che. guphAnI bahAranI dIvAla paranuM dvArapAla tarIke UbhelA avalokitezvaranuM zilpa paNa suMdara che. guphA 11mAM dharmacakra pravartana karatA buddhanI bhavya pratimA kaMDArI che. buddhanA mastaka para gaMdharva-yugalo puSpavRSTi karI rahyAM che. bhagavAnanI jamaNI bAjue avalokitezvara ane DAbI bAjue vajapANi UbhA che. A guphAnuM tapalIna buddhanuM zilpa bhAvavAhI che. temanI samakSa sujAtA enA naivedyapAtra sAthe jovA maLe che. | guphA naM 12 "tInathala" tarIke prakhyAta che. eno raMgamaMDapa 103 jeTalAM kalAtmaka mUrti zilpa dharAve che. gautama buddhanI mUrti emAM dakSiNa dizA tarapha cAmaradhArIothI yukata bhagavAna buddhanI siMhAsana para beThelI zAMta pratimA noMdhapAtra che. siMhAsananA madhya bhAga para cakra ane AgaLa be haraNa kaMDAryA che. uttaradizAmAM upadeza ApatA buddhanI pratimA jovA maLe che. emAM cAmaradhArIonI jagyAe dhAnastha buddha, guru buddha ane nirvANa pAmatA buddhanI AkRtio kaMDArI che. A pratimAnI eka bAju UMcI pIThikA para sAta dhyAnI buddhonAM zilpa jevA maLe che. guphAmaMdiranI mukhya mUrti buddhanI che paNa loko tene zrI rAma tarIke pUje che. mUrtinI eka bAju pustaka ane puSpa dhAraNa karIne avalokitezvara UbhA che. temanI DAbI bAjue puSpa, khaDraga vagere Ayudho ane upakaraNo dhAraNa karelI. cAra AkRtio najare paDe che. A guphAmaMdiranI bahAranI dIvAla para be suMdara, dvArapAlo kaMDAryA che. auraMgAbAdamAM 12 baddha zailagRho kaMvaryA che te paikI eka caityagRha che. A caityagRha sivAyanA vihAra 6 ThI-7 mI sadInA che. AmAM guphA naM. 3 ane naM. 7nA

Page #165
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpalA vihAro mUrti zilpa ane suzobhanazilponI bAbatamAM suMdara che. emAMnA pahelA vihAranA garbhagRhamAM kaMDArelI buddhanI moTI pratimAnI pAse be upAsaka yugale page paDatAM jaNAya che. temanA mukha para bhakitabhAva chavAyelo cheguphA naM. 3 ane - naM. 7nA staMbha paranA ghaTapallavanA ghATa AkarSaka che. auraMgAbAdanI zilpakalA para ajaMTAnI zilpakalAnI spaSTa asara rahelI : che, chatAM emAM sapramANatA, samatulA ane aMtarmukhatAnI chApa UThatI nathI. ( 7) dakSiNa bhArata dakSiNa bhAratamAM A kAla daramyAna viSNukuMDIo, pUva cAluko ane pallavoe sthApatyanI sAthe zilpakalAne protsAhana ApyuM. Azva pradezamAM kRSNA nadInA kAMThe viSakuMDI vaMzanuM nAnuM rAjya hatuM. A vaMzanA 6ThThI-7mI sadI daramyAna thayelA mAdhavavarmA 19, vikramendravarmA rajo ane tene putra indravarmA kalAnA cAhaka hatA. emaNe keTalAMka suMdara zailagRho karAvyAM. emAM vijayavADA pAse Avela uDavalI ane megalarAjapuramanI guphAo suprasiddha - che. AmAMnI bIjI guphAonAM zilpa sArI rIte sacavAyAM che. AmAM apasmAra puruSa para nRtya karatA ziva ATha hAtha dharAve che. apasmAranuM svarUpa dakSiNI che, jyAre " zivanuM svarUpa uttarI che. A guphAonA staMbha para govardhanadhArI kRSaNa, sAgaramAMthI pRthvIne uddhAra karatA varAha avatAra, hiraNyakazipune saMhAra karatA nRsiMha, balinuM mAna utAratA trivikrama, liMgabhava ziva vagerenAM mUrti zilpa suMdara rIte kaMDAryA che. A zilpo para pallava kalAne prabhAva jaNAya che. jo ke palava zailImAM govardhanadhArI kRNanuM Alekhana mAnuSasvarUpe thayuM che, jyAre ahIM ane uttarakAlamAM kaMDArAyelI elArAnI brAhmaNa guphAomAM emanuM divya svarUpa vyakata thatuM daSTigocara thAya che. viSNukuM DIonI bAjumAM pazcimI cAlukayonI eka zAkhA AndhanA vaMgImAM kuchajaviSNuvardhane sthApI ne A rIte tyAM pUva cAlukono rAjavaMza sthapAyo. pazcimI cAlukayonI jema A pUvI cAlukayo paNa dharma ane kalAnA premI hatA. kuMjaviSNuvardhane eka zivAlaya baMdhAveluM, jyAre enI rANI anamAhadevIe vijayavADAmAM jaina maMdira karAveluM. A zarUAtanA tabakkAnAM zilpa lAMbAM, kadAvara ane pazcimI cAlukaya zailIthI prabhAvita jaNAya che. vijayavADAmAMthI eka 'zilAmAMthI kaMDArelAM A pUvI cAlukya zailInAM keTalAMka sarasa zilpa maLI AvyAM che. AmAM dvArapAlonI eka joDI kalAnI daSTie anupama che. khUba UMcA -kadanAM A kadAvara mUrtizilpo paikI eke kamala ane lIlI puSpanuM yajJopavIta

Page #166
anu-guptakAlIna zi95lA dhAraNa karyuM che. baMnee bAjubaMdha tathA bIjA siMhamukhAkRtivALA alaMkAro paheryA che. temanA hAtha tarjanI ane vismayamudrAmAM ane pAza tathA moTA kadanI gadA, dhAraNa karatA batAvyA che. madrAsa myujhiyamamAM surakSita A 7mI sadInA dvArapAlo vijyavADAnA koI zivamaMdirane zobhAvatA hovAnuM lAge che. biccola vistAramAMthI paNa A zailInI eka zilAmAMthI kaMDArelI gaNapatinI bhavya kadAvara pratimA maLI AvI che. samaya jatAM A zailIno vijayAditya rajA ane vijayAditya 3jAnA samayamAM ghaNo vikAsa thayelo daSTigocara thAya che. tAmilabhASI vistAramAM pazcimI cAlukayonA harIpha pallavonI sattA jAmI hatI. pallava nareza mahendravarmA eTalo vidyA ane kalAno cAhaka hato ke te "vicitracitta" tarIke oLakhAto. teNe potAnA mosALa pakSanA viSNukuM DIoe kaMDArAyela guphAmaMdironA anukaraNamAM tAmilabhASI vistAramAM sarvaprathamavAra guphAmaMdiro korAvyAM. tene putra narasiMhavarmA (I. sa. 600-650) paNa evo ja kalApremI rAjavI hato. baMne rAjAoe kaMDArAyelAM guphAmaMdiro paikI mAmallapuram pAsenAM maMDapa ane ratha prakAranAM smArako vikhyAta che. A kAlanI pallava zi95zalI para pazcimI cAlukayo ane viSNu kuMDIonI kalAne keTaloka prabhAva paDelo che. AmAM mukhyatve prasaMgazilpo kaMDArAyAM che. temAM jIvananI zamatA tathA mRdutA mUrta thAya che. vaLI emAM gatinI saMyamita dvArA samatulA ane gauravano sAkSAtkAra paNa thAya che. tirucirApallI, tirukaLukuNarama, kILamAMvilaMga temaja anya sthaLoethI A zailInA prAraMbha kALanAM zilpo maLe che. tirucirApalImAMnuM gaMgAnA pravAhane jaTAmAM gUMcavatA ziva, tirukabukaNaramUmAM kaMDArAyela koI rAjavaMzInuM zilpa, dilhInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM surakSita viSaNu-pratimA tathA kAMcIpuramamAMthI maLelI ane e ja myujhiyamamAM saMgrahAyelI samaskaMda ziva-pArvatInI mUrti enAM sarasa daSTAMta gaNAya che. AmAMnI caturbhuja viSaNunI mUrtimAM deva samabhaMga sthitimAM UbhA che. temanA upalA be hAthamAM cakra ane zaMkha che. nIcalo-jamaNe hAtha abhayamudrAmAM che jyAre DAbA hAthe adhovastrane 'hasti-sauDika' mudrAmAM dhAraNa karyuM che. mAmallapuramamAM "paMcapAMDava-maMDapa' nAmanI guphAnI aMdara arjuna-tapazcaryAnuM bhavya zilpa kaMDAryuM che. Azare 30 mITara UMcA ane 10.3 mITaranI pahoLAI dharAvatA zaila-phalakane AkRtiothI bharI devo e koI alpa parizramanuM phaLa hoI zake nahi. zilpakAre AmAM purANanA prasaMgane tAdaza karyo che. arjunanI sAthe samagra pArthiva jagatane paNa eNe jANe dhyAnamagna hoya evI rIte mUrta karyuM che

Page #167
bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA keTalAka vidvAne A dazyane arjunanuM tapa nahi mAnatAM "bhagIrathanI tapazcaryA dvArA gaMgAvataraNa" thayAnuM dazya hovAnuM mAne che. dharmarAja maMDapamAM govardhana parvata upADatA zrIkRSNanuM suMdara zilpa che. emAM uparanA bhAgamAM gopa ane gopIenA samUhanuM prabhAvotpAdaka Alekhana thayuM che. mahiSAsuramardinI-maMDapamAMnAM zeSazAyI viSNu ane devI mahiSAsuramardinI durgAnAM zilpo che. AmAM durgAnuM Alekhana (AkRti 39) vadhAre utkRSTa thayuM che. emAM siMhavAhinI durgA mahiSamukhavALA ane manuSya deha dharAvatA mahiSAsura ane tenI senA sAthe ugra laDAI ApatAM jovA maLe che. samagra Alekhana jomapUrNa ane jIvaMta banyuM che. pAchaLanA samayamAM elarAmAM AnuM anukaraNa thayeluM najare paDe che, paNa tyAM ATaluM vegapUrNa Alekhana thaI zakayuM nathI. "varAha maMDapa'mAMnAM varAha avatAra ane gajalakSmInAM zilpa dhyAna kheMce che. A maMDapanI aMdara rAjA narasiMhavarmAe karAvela mahendravarmAnI UbhI ane siMhaviSNunI beThelI pratimAo temaja dharmarAja-ratha'nI dIvAla paranuM narasiMhavarmAnuM potAnuM mUrtizilpa pallava zilpIonI vyakitazilpa (bAvalAM)nA kaMDArakAmanI siddhahastatA darzAve che. arjunarathanA garbhagRhamAM zivanuM mastaka ne gokhalAomAM deva tathA mithunonI AkRtio najare paDe che. A rathanA pAchalA bhAgamAM zivanA vAhana naMdInI moTI pratimA kaMDArI che. draupadI rathanA garbhagRhamAM devI durgAnI mUrti dekhA de che, jyAre enA gavAkSomAM durgA uparAMta dvArapAlikAonI AkRtio kaMDArelI che. A rathanI AgaLa durgAnA vAhana siMhanI moTI AkRti kotarelI che. A uparAMta A ratho ane maMDapanA vistAramAM saMkhyAbaMdha zilpo kaMDAryA che, jemAM tapa karato bilADo ane vAnara-parivAra noMdhapAtra che. tapa karatA bilADAnI upara uMdara doDato batAvyo che. vAnaraparivAranA zilpamAM vAMdarInA khoLAmAM tenuM baccuM sUI rahyuM che, jyAre vAMdaro vAMdarInA mAthAmAMthI ja kADhI rahyo che.

Page #168
8 rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAlakAlanI zilpakalA (I. sa. 700 thI I. sa. 1000) ' A kALa daramyAna bhAratamAM traNa mahAsattA sthapAI: 1) uttara ane pazcimamAM gurjara-pratIhAra, 2) pUrvamAM pAla, 3) dakhkhaNamAM ane dakSiNamAM rASTrakUTa. A uparAMta dezamAM svataMtra, ardhasvataMtra ke khaMDiyA jevI sthiti bhogavatAM aneka nAnAM moTAM rAjyo hatAM. A badhAM rAjyonA dharmapremI rAjavIoe baMdhAvelA devaprAsAdo dezamAM TheraThera jovA maLe che. A prAsAdo mukhyatve caNatarI ane keTalAMka zailenkIrNa paNa che. A mahAmaMdironAM dIvAlo, staMbha tathA chato para vipula pramANamAM zilpakAma kareluM jovAmAM Ave che. A uparAMta keTalAMka svataMtra mUrti zilpo kaMDArAyAM che. kalAnI daSTie A badhAM zilpo bhAratIya zilpakalAnA ItihAsamAM emanAM keTalAMka viziSTa lakSaNone laIne anekhI bhAta pADe che. 1) sAmAnya lakSaNe zrI vAsudevazaraNa agravAle prastutakAlanI zilpakalAnAM cAra viziSTa lakSaNo gaNAvyAM che: 1) 8mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM bhAratIya kalA eka navIna AjathI prabhAvita thaI che. e have komaLa ane sukumAra bhAvone kore mUkIne diggaja virATa bhAvone AgaLa karIne cAlatI jovA maLe che. mahattA, vyApakatA ane virATa bhAvo prApta karavAne laIne A kalA jANe puna: navajIvana prApta karatI hoya ema lAge che. 2) A kAlamAM dArzanika kSetre zaMkarAcArye jAhera karyuM ke, manuSya sADAtraNa hAthanA parimita dehamAM sImita zakita dharAvatuM pUtaLuM nathI. e te devo sAthe spardhA karanAra brahma ane AtmAnI ekatAne adhikArI che. zaMkarano A brahmAtmakayabhAva eka navA artha sAthe jIvananAM badhAM aMgomAM zakitasaMcAra karato jAgrata thayelo daSTigocara thAya che. kalAnA kSetramAM manuSyanI kAyaparimANa mUrtio kore rAkhIne ene sthAne devatulya pracaMDakAya pratimAo ghaDAvA lAgI. rAjA ane prajA baMnenA hRdaya virATa bhAvothI AMdolita thayAM. pratApI rASTrakUTanA mahAmahima ciMtanane pariNAme elerAnuM diggaja kailAsa maMdira baMdhAyuM. A maMdiranI pratyeka zilpakRtine sarjita zakitanI A nUtana dhArAno saMsparza thayelo jaNAya che. A uparAMta ghArApurI(eliphaMTA)nuM

Page #169
bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA kalAsamaMdira ane kAMcIpurInuM kalAsanAtha maMdira traNeyamAM sthApatyanI sAthe zilpane suMdara samanvaya thayo che. 3) A kAlanI kalAmAM paurANika devonA AkhyAnAtmaka caritranuM aMkana vipula pramANamAM thayeluM daSTigocara thAya che. ziva ane viSNunI lIlAonuM ghaNuM ojasvI citraNa A kolanI zilpakalAnI mukhya vizeSatA che. ( 4) A zilpomAM uddAma AMdolita kriyAzakita pragaTa thAya che. ziva-tAMDavanuM zilpamaya Alekhana A kAlanI sahuthI UMcI kalpanA cAne kalAkRti kahI zakAya. A uparAMta A kAlanA pUrvArdhanAM zilpAmAM sajAvaTamAM AchA alaMkAro prayojAyA che, jyAre enA uttarArdhanAM zilpomAM bhAre vaividhyapUrNa alaMkArone vipula saMkhyAmAM chUTathI prayoga daSTigocara thAya che. 2) uttara bhArata kAzmIramAM A kAlanAM AraMbhamAM lalitAditya mukatApIDa (I. sa. 724-760) nAmanA pratApI nareze kalAne protsAhana ApyuM hatuM. eNe baMdhAvela mArtaDa maMdira sthApatya ane zilpanI daSTie kAzamIranuM zreSTha smAraka gaNAya che. 9 mI sadImAM utpala vaMzanA rAjA avantivarmAnA samaya (I. sa. 855-883)mAM zilpa kalAno vikAsa thayo. eNe avanitapuramAM baMdhAvela. avanitasvAmInuM maMdira kAmArI zi95zailInAM badhAM lakSaNo dharAve che. kAzmIranI A zailImAM gupta, pAla ane pratIhAra kalA-tono samanvaya thayo che. jo ke uparokata baMne mahAmaMdironAM zilpamAM mukhyatve guptakalAparipATIne anusaravA uparAMta gaMdhAra ane madhya eziyAnAM keTalAMka suzobhanaghaTako apanAvelAM paNa najare paDe che. mArtaDa maMdiranAM ghoDesavAra sUryanI ane beThelA varuNanA chanavIranI vAMkaDiyA vALanI kezaracanA gupta zailInuM smaraNa karAve che. tyAMnI bhairavam rtimAM khaTvAMga sivAya devanI ugratA ane krUratAne bhAva batAvatuM koI tattva jovA maLatuM nathI. aneka mukha zivanI eka gavAkSamAM jovA maLatI pratimA khUba khaMDita thaI gayelI che, tema chatAM enuM mULa svarUpa keTaluM kalAtmaka haze ene khyAla ApI zake che. avaMtisvAmI maMdira zilpothI khIcokhIca sajAveluM che. enI zilpa haroLo paikInA ekamAM rAjA ane rANI aneka anucaro sAthe e maMdira tarapha bhakata svarUpe jatAM darzAvyAM che. A bhAvavAhI dazyamAM avanitavarmAnuM potAnuM Alekhana thayeluM jaNAya che. eka anya zi95mAM potAnI eka bAju rati ane bIjI bAju prItine besADIne Asana para beThela manmathanI pAse eka zukayugma paNa beTheluM darzAvyuM che. A madhyakAlIna kAzmIrI kalAne viziSTa namUno che.

Page #170
9H rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAlakAlanI zilpakalA 131. gupta ane grIka kalA-paraMparAonAM saMmizrANayukata mUrti zilpA paikI philADelphiyAnA myujhiyamamAM surakSita viSNunI pratimA vikhyAta che. emAM viSNunAM gadA ane cakranAM mAnuSasvarUpa devane cAmara DhoLatAM jaNAya che. zrInagara myujhiyamamAM sacavAyela trimukha viSNu ane ardhanArIzvaranI mUrti e paNa A prakAranI che. emAM rUpAMkanamAM grIka asara ane viSaya vastu tathA bhAvavyaMjanAmAM gupta prabhAva jovA maLe che. kAzmIranI samIpa himAcaLa pradezanI kalAmAM guptakAlIna mRdutAnI sAthe pahADI prajAnA jomane samanvaya thayelA che. chAmba vistAramAM mastyaramAMthI maLela makara para sthita varuNanuM zilpa AnuM sarasa daSTAMta pUruM pADe che. paMjAbamAM A kAlanI ghaNI zilpakRtio nAza pAmI che. je jU ja namU nA maLe che, te bihAranI pAla zailInA jevAM lakSaNA dharAve che. uttara pradeza ane rAjasthAnamAM kanAjanA gurjara-pratIhAronI sattA pravartatAM temaNe ApelA vyApaka protsAhanathI eka viziSTa zilpazailIne vikAsa thayelA jaNAya che. ane gurjara-pratIhAra zailI kahe che. kamanasIbe me!TA bhAganI zilpakRti nAza pAmI che. paNa upalabdha namUnAomAM hiMdu devatAomAM ziva, viSNu, brahmA, gaNeza, kubera tathA durgAnAM pAvatI, kAlI, kapAlI, cAmuMDA, mAtRkA vagere vividha svarUpanAM zilpA, jana-zilpAmAM AdinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha tathA mahAvIra svAmInI pratimAo ane bauddha zilpAmAM buddha, avalAkitezvara ane anya beAdhisattvAnI mUrtio mUrtividhAnanI vigatA sahita kalAtmaka rIte kaMDarAI che ne e meTAM maMdiromAM mukhyatve pUjA upAsanA mATe pratiSThita thayelI jovA maLe che. emAM kanAjamAMthI upalabdha thayela vizvarUpa viSNu, pArvatInuM pANigrahaNa ane caturmukha ziva temaja gvAliyara myujhiyamane zAbhAvatI surasuMdarI vagere noMdhapAtra meM tizilpA che. navamI sadInuM viSNunuM vizvarUpa darzInanuM zilpa (AkRti 40) vedanA puruSasUkatanA "sazipa puSa:" ne ke bhagavadgItAnA zrIkRSNanuM vizvarUpa darzInane sAkAra karavAnA khyAlathI kaMDAreluM jaNAya che. aSTabhuja viSNunA jamaNA hAthamAM 1 1 pazyAdityAnvasUnrudrAnazvinau marutastathA / bahUnyadRSTapUrvANi pazyAzcaryANi bhArata // ( 11-6) -he bhArata, Aditya, vasue, rudro, azvinIkumArA tathA marUtA tuM jo; ane pUrva nahi teMcelAM ghaNAMA zraryAM paNa tu je. bhA. prA. zi.-11

Page #171
paTTa 11 40 vizvarUpa viSNu (kanAja)

Page #172
8: rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAlakAlanI zi95lA pAza, gadA khaDjha, abhaya mudrA, DAbA cAra hAthamAM kheTaka, cakra, 5% ane zaMkha dhAraNa thayAM che. deve adhavastra dhAraNa karyuM che ne enA para UrjAlaka bAMdhyuM che. vaLayukata dupaTTo DhIMcaNa pAsethI pasAra thAya che. deve dhAraNa karela ratnajaDita kirITamukuTa, motInAM bhAre kuMDaLa, kaMThamAM cAra serI penDalayukata mALA, bAjubaMdha, valaya ane ekhalA kalAtmaka che. temanA pagane Teko ApatA ke temane paMkhe karatA nAga pAtALalokanuM sUcana kare che. nIcethI upara jatAM AkhuM vizva pragaTa thatuM ane Toce brahmalokamAM viramanuM jaNAya che. brahmalokanuM sUcana caturmukha brahmA dvArA karyuM che. devatAnA mAnuSAkAra Ayudha puruSo temanI sevAmAM pravRtta che. temanA mukhya avatAronuM Alekhana thayuM che, temAM mastaka pAchaLa jamaNI bAju masya ane kUrma tathA DAbI bAju varAha ane siMhanAM mastako kaMDAryA che, je prathama cAra avatAro sUcave che. mukuTanI upara parazurAma, rAma ane kalkI darzAvyA che ne temanI upara brahmA che. devanI jamaNI bAjue 11 rudro ane DAbI bAjue 12 Adityo anukrame trizULa ane kamaLa dhAraNa karIne UbhA che. uparAMta baLarAma, indra, sarasvatI, kArtikeya, gaNeza vagere devonuM paNa devanI baMne bAjunI jagyAmAM Alekhana thayuM che. zilpane pharanuM (prabhA)maDala racavA mATe DAbI bAju cAra ane jamaNI bAju cAra bhairava-mastaka kaMDAryA che. A mastako ane mastako karatAM moTA kadanAM che. A zilA prastutakAlanAM sarvottama zilpa paikInuM eka gaNAya che. ziva-pArvatInA pANigrahaNanuM zika5 paNa navamI sadInuM che. A mAMgalika prasaMge navadaMpatIne abhinaMdana ApavA AvelA devonI AkRtio manohara rIte kaMDArI che. dvibhuja zivapArvatI agni samakSa pANigrahaNa karatAM AtmasamarpaNano bhAva anubhavI rahyAM che. baMnenI vacce nIcenA bhAgamAM brahmA pavitra agnine pradIpta karavAmAM vyasta che. TocanA bhAgamAM varuNa yama, indra, vAyu, nirjhati, gaNeza, kubera, gaMgA temaja anya devatAo daSTigocara thAya che. eliphaMTAmAM kaMDArAyela A prakAranA dazyanI sarakhAmaNImAM kanojanuM A zilpa kaMika UtaratI kakSAnuM che. caturmukha ziva-mUrtimAM chAtI sudhInAM zivanAM cAra udhvadha aMga cAre bAju kaMDAryA che. emAM zivanAM vAmadeva, tapuruSa, aghera ane sojAta e cAreya svarUpa vyakata thayAM che. cAreya mukha para gaurava, svasthatA, AdhyAtmikatA ane komaLa bhAva jhalake che. gvAliyara myujhiyamamAM surakSita surasuMdarInA zi95mAM devAMganA jhADane aDhelIne UbhI che. enA hAtha ane DhIMcaNa sudhInA paga tUTI gayA che. uttarAMga vivastra

Page #173
bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA. che, jyAre rUpAMkanayukata adhovastrane kaTi sAthe evI rIte bAMdhyuM che, ke ene laIne mahakatA vadhI gaI che. kalAtmaka kezaracanA, kaMThamAM hAMsaDI, mukatAmALA ane be stana vaccethI pasAra thaI cheka kaTi sudhI pahoMcatuM penDalayukata ura: sUtra, sapramANa deha sauSThava, mukha paranuM smita ane kalAtmaka aMgabhaMgIne laIne A mUrti kalA ane bhAvanI abhivyakitanI bAbatamAM 10 mI sadInuM eka zreSTha zilpa gaNAya che. 3) bihAra-baMgALa 8 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM bihAra ane baMgALamAM pAlavaMzanI sattA sthapAIne temanI sattA 12 mI sadI sudhI prabhAvaka rahI. pAla rAjAo kalAnA protsAhako hovAthI citrakalA ane zilpakalAne kSetre viziSTa zailIo pragaTI. 8 mI 9 mI sadIo daramyAna A zailIonuM svarUpa ghaDAI gayuM, je 12 mI 13 mI sadI sudhI pracalita raheluM jaNAya che. pAlalInAM zilpamAM zarIranI suMvALapanI bAbata mAM gupta kalAne prabhAva varatAya che. te sivAya have kendrasthAne mAnava-AkRti rahelI hovAthI tenA zarIra ane zRMgAranI abhivyakita spaSTa tarI AvatI jaNAya che. kamalAkAra AMkho ane jADA hoTha emanI vizeSatA che. nAlaMdA A zailInuM sarvottama kendra hatuM. uparAMta rAjagRha, bodhagayA, kukihara, dinAjapura, bhAgalapura ane rAjazAhImAMthI paNa saMkhyAbaMdha zilpakRtio maLI AvI che. AmAMnI keTalIka kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. nAlaMdAmAMthI maLela 9mI sadInI bodhisatva pApANinI ane 10 mI sadInI vajasattvanI pratimAo mU tividhAnanI daSTie suMdara namUnAo che. A baMne uparAMta kalakattA myujhiyamamAM surakSita zrIdevI sahita viSNu, sarasvatI, tIrtha. kara pArzvanAtha vagerenI pratimAo guptakAlIna bhAvavyaMjanA ane AMgika mRdutA vyakata kare che. alabatta, A mUrtiomAM guptakAlIna mUrtionI apekSAe alaMkaraNa vadheluM najare paDe che. samaya jatAM rUpAMkana gauNa ane alaMkaraNa mukhya banatuM jatAM zilpo jANe ke dhAtu-zilpanI nakalarUpa karavAmAM AvelAM hoya evAM banI gayAM che. pAlakAlamAM bihAra-baMgALamAM vijayAnano udaya thatAM guptakAlIna AdhyAtmikatAnuM sthAna tAMtrika vicAro ane AcAroe lIdhuM ne eno prabhAva baddha kalA para paDayo. alabatta, tAMtrika mate pAlakalAne joma ane jusso bane bakSyAM. dhyAno(stotro)mAM ApelAM lakSaNo anusAra A pratimAo ghaDAyelI hovA chatAM emAM zArIrika aMgalAlitya bhAvotkaTatA ane AdhyAtmika UMDANa tathA udAttatA varatAya

Page #174
8: rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAlakAlanI zilpalA 165 che. buddha, avalokitezvara, maitraya, lokezvara, maMjuzrI, khadiravaNI tArA ane zyAma tArA vagere A kAlanI pratimAonAM sarasa daSTAMta pUrAM pADe che. 4) erissA A kAlamAM utkala dezamAM karavaMzanuM ane tenI dakSiNe bhaMjabhUmi mayUrabhaMja)mAM bhaMja rAjya hatuM. temanI dakSiNe AvelA kaliMga dezamAM pUva gaMgavaMzanI sattA pravartatI hatI. AmAMnA pUvI gaMgo ane bhajonA rAjyavistAramAMthI kalAtmaka zilpo maLI AvyAM che. ( 8 mI 9 mI sadI daramyAna pUvI-gagalAno udaya thayo ane TUMka samayamAM e pUrva bhAratanI uttama kalA zailI tarIke khyAti pAmI. tene sarvottama vikAsa 10 mI thI 13 mI sadI daramyAna bhuvanezvara, koNAraka vagere sthAnanAM maMdiromAM jovA maLe che. AthI A tabakkAnI kalAne orissAnI pUrvakAlIna zilpakalA tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A kalAzailInA prAraMbhika suMdaratama namUnA bhuvanezvaranA parazurAmezvaramaMdira(I. sa. 750)nI dIvAlo paranI saMgItakAronI haroLamAM jovA maLe che. emAM uttara-guptakAlanI praziSTa kalAnI cArutA vyakata thaI che. bhuvanezvaranA mukatezvara maMdira (I. sa. 950)nAM laghu kadanAM aMzamUrta zilpomAM vAnarone lagatI eka kathA; dvAranI aMdara UbhI rahI potAnA svAmInA AgamananI AturatApUrvaka vATa jotI ane gRhatsuka (popaTa) sAthe gela karatI nAyikA vAsakasajijakA; gaMdha, mAlya, dhUpa, zaMkha, mukuTa vagerenA upahAro dharAvatI vividha aMgabhaMgIovALI nAgaNIo temaja anekavidha aMgabhaMgIo ane mudrAovALI devAMganAone mUrta karavAmAM kalAkAre addabhuta kauzala dAkhavyuM che. jApuranA durgAmaMdiramAMthI maLelI keTalIka mAtRkA-mUrti enAM zilpa paNa A tabakkAnI erissA-kalAnA suMdara namUnA gaNAya che. mayUrabhaMjamAM 9 mI 10 mI sadI daramyAna sthAnika zilpazailIne vikAsa thayelo hato. A bheja zailIe ghaDAyelI keTalIka strI-AkRtionAM zilpa khiciMga (mayUrabhaMja) myujhiyamanI zobhArUpa che. A mUrti emAM mAtRvAtsalya vividha rIte pragaTa thayuM che. kaTaka jillAmAM nalagiri ane lalitagirimAMthI eka zilAmAMthI kaMDArelAM bauddha zilpo maLyAM che. e paNa A tabakkAmAM che. A zilpakRtio dekhAvamAM temaja rUpAMkanamAM bhAre che. emAMnAM avalokitezvara ane tArAnAM keTalAMka zilpa

Page #175
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpalA kalakattAnA InDiyana myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. vaLI aMdhakAra ane gajAntakanuM saMyukata svarUpavALuM bhairavanuM ojapUrNa zilpa paNa e myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta che. madhya bhAratamAM buMdelakhaMDamAM A kAlanA aMta samaye caMdellA ane cedi dezamAM haihaya rAjya sthapAyAM hatAM. emaNe karAvelAM maMdiromAM dhArmika ane laukika prakAranAM zilpo jovA maLe che, paraMtu A zailIne mukhya vikAsa 11mI 12mI sadI daramyAna thayo hovAthI tenuM nirUpaNa have pachInA prakaraNamAM karavuM ISTa che. 5) gujarAta gujarAtamAM A samaye saurASTra ane uttara gujarAta para kanojanA pratIhAronuM ane dakSiNa tathA madhya gujarAta para mAnyakheTanA rASTrakUTanuM Adhipatya pravartatuM hatuM. 10mI sadInA madhyamAM uttara gujarAtamAM sthapAyelI solaMkIonI sattAno vistAra thatAM A kAlanA aMta sudhImAM temanuM Adhipatya samagra gujarAta para prasaryuM. A gALA daramyAna aneka nAnI moTI adhIna, ardha svataMtra ane svataMtra sattAmAM paNa pravartatI hatI. A badhI rAjasattAoe maMdira-sthApatyanI sAthe zilpakalAne paNa protsAhana ApeluM jaNAya che. A kAla daramyAna pUrvavata maitrakakAlIna zilpazailI dhIme dhIme rUpAMtara pAmatI jatI jovA maLe che. mUrtizilpomAM kaTivinyAsa bhAre banavA lAgyo che. paNa A sivAya bIjA maitrakakAlIna zilpakalAnAM lakSaNo ghaNe aMze cAlu rahelAM daSTigocara thAya che. A anumaitrakakAlIna zailInAM pASANa ane dhAtunAM keTalAMka noMdhapAtra zilpo piMDAraka(pIMDArA), raNu pIpaLI, vaDanagara, siddhapura, Abu ane akoTAmAMthI maLyAM che. saurASTramAM seMdhavonA pradezamAM piMDAraka tIrthanAM maMdironI dIvAla paranA zilpAtharamAM lakSmInArAyaNa, brahmA-sAvitrI, ziva-pArvatI, dvibhaMgamAM UbhelA caturbha ja gaNapati, ane garuDa para beThelA vizvanAM zilpo manohara che. rANu pIpaLI (ji. vaDodarA)mAMthI maLelI rathArUDha sUryanI pratimA A kAlano suMdara namUno che. AmAM sAta ghoDA ane eka cakra vaDe cAlatA rathamAM sUrya padmAsana lagAvI beThA che. emano jamaNo hAtha khaMDita che. DAbA hAthamAM padma dhAraNa karyuM che. temaNe ratnajaDita mukuTa, bhAre kuMDaLa ane bhAre hAra tathA kaDAM paheryA che. temanA mastaka pharatuM padmapAMkhaDIyukata prabhAmaMDaLa che ne enA baMne khUNAmAM makaramukha kaMDAryA che. sUryanI DAbI bAjue rANI ane jamaNI bAjue niSNubhA devI che, jyAre sArathi aruNAnI DAbI bAjue daMDa tathA pratyuSA ane jamaNI bAjue piMgaLa ane uSA che. ratha gatizIla che. vaDanagaranA amathera mAtAnA maMdiramAMnI sapta

Page #176
8: rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAlakAlanI zi95lA mAtRkAonI mUrtio, vaDodarAnI E M. E. SchoolnA maMdiramAM ANelI viSNu tathA vaiSNavInI mUrtio, pATaNamAMthI maLelI vinAyakanI pratimA; khaMDosaNanA viSNu. maMdiranI nRsiMha, varAha ane viSNunI mUrtio vagere paNa A zailInAM sArAM daSTAMto pUrAM pADe che. akoTAmAMthI maLela dhAtu pratimAo paikInI moTA bhAganI A kAlanI che. tenuM A graMthamAM anyatra nirUpaNa kareluM che. 6) dakhkhaNa dakhaNamAM vApinA pazcimI cAlukayone 8 mI sadInA madhyabhAgamAM parAsta karIne rASTrakUTae dakhkhaNa uparAMta dakSiNanA paNa keTalAka pradezo para potAnI sattA sthApI, mAnyakheTamAMthI rAjya karatA A vaMzamAM raMtidurga tathA kRSNa 1lo jevA. pratApI narezoe rAjyavistAranI sAthosAtha vidyA ane kalAnA utkarSane paNa bhAre protsAhana ApyuM. kRSNa 1 lAo elorAnI brAhmaNadhama guphAo paikI jagaprasiddha kalAsa maMdira korAvyAnuM kahevAya che. rASTrakUTonA samayamAM elorAmAM brAhmaNa uparAMta jaina dharmanI guphAo tema muMbaI pAse ghArApurI (eliphaMTA)nI guphAo paNa kaMDArAI. - rASTrakUTonA samayamAM A pradezamAM pUrvakAlamAM pracalita thayelI cAlukya zi95zailI tenA utkarSanA carama zikhara para pahoMcI gaI. mUrtividhAna ane sajAvaTa baMne daTie A zailI anupama banelI jovA maLe che. A mUrti zilpa temanAM mahAkAya sthApatya sAthe pracaMDakAyA vaDe susaMvAditA sthApe che. pracaMDa kAyA hovA chatAM aMgaupAMga bilakula sapramANa banyAM che. navIna sakurti, caitanyano saMcAra, anupama bhAvavyaMjanA vagerene laIne A zipa jANe manuSyanA hAthe nahi paNa devatAonA hAthe ghaDAyAM hoya evo bhAsa thAya che. A zailInAM anya lakSaNomAM chatra athavA puSpapatronI bhUmikA, vAdaLonI nakazI, ratnajaDita mukuTa tathA ghareNAM, lAMbu prabhAmaMDaLa vagere dhyAnapAtra che. agAu joyuM che tema elorAmAM kula 34 guphAo paikI naM. 14 thI 29 brAhmaNa dharmanI ane naM. 38thI 34 jena dharma nI che. brAhmaNa guphAo mukhyatve I. rA.nI 8 mI sadImAM ane jaina guphAo 8 mI thI 10mI sadI daramyAna kaMDArAI che. a) brAhmaNa dharmanAM zi9 brAhmaNa dharmanAM zilpamAM ziva ane viSaNune vizeSa mahimA vyakata thayo che.. uparAMta pArvatI, lakSmI, saptamAtRkA, sUrya, brahmA ane anya devatAone lagatAM zilpo paNa kaMDArAyo che. A zilpathI guphA naM 13thI 29 suzobhita che. e paikI naM. 14 (rAvaNa kA khe) naM- 10 (dazAvatAra), naM. 16 (kalAsa ke raMgamahAla)

Page #177
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpalA ane naM. 29 (6mara leNa)nAM zilpa khAsa noMdhapAtra che. ahIM A zilponuM avalokana ziva, viSNu ane itara devatAonA saMdarbhamAM prastuta che. guptarAra kAlamAM brAhmaNa saMpradAyo paikI mAhezvara (zaiva) saMpradAya sarvAdhika pracalita thayo ane zaiva siddhAMta. anusAra teo parama tattva manAyA. zivapurANamAM zivane ja jagatanuM AdikAraNa gaNAvI brahmA ane viSNu paNa emanI ja sRSTi che ne emaNe e baMne devone anukrame jagatanI utpatti ane pAlananuM kArya soMpyuM che ema darzAvyuM che. alabatta, moTA bhAganAM purANomAM zivane saMhAraka deva gaNavAmAM AvyA che. A vividha mAnyatAono paDagho elerAnAM vizimAM paDela jaNAya che. emAM zivanAM raudra ane saumya svarUpo, temane lagatI judI judI kathAo ane temanA keTalAka jIvana prasaMge kaMDArAyA che. guphA naM. 14mAM dakSiNa dizA taraphanAM zilpa- damAM pATa ramatAM ziva-pArvatI, zivatAMDava, rAvaNAnugraha ane ratnAsura vadhanA prasaMgo jovA maLe che. copATa ramatAM ziva ane pArvatInI ramatane gaNeza vagere rasapUrvaka nihALI rahyA che, pArvatInI pAchaLa be strIo UbhI che. bhRgI paNa ramatamAM bhAga leto jaNAya che. nIcenA bhAgamAM naMdI ane 13 nAnA gaNo kaMDAryA che. bIjA dazyamAM tAMDava nRtya karatA zivanI eka bAju vAjiMtro vagADatA traNa gaNo ane bIjI bAju pArvatI tathA bIjA be gaNo UbhA che. pAchaLa bhaMgI Ubhe che. upara DAbI bAju chavA tathA viSNu ane jamaNI bAju indra, agni ane bIjA be devatAo UbhA che. trIjA dazyamAM potAnA mArgamAM aMtarAyarUpa jaNAtA parvata(kalAsa)ne madonmatta rAvaNa nIcethI potAnA 20 hAtha ane 10 mastaka vaDe upADato jaNAya che. uparanA bhAgamAM bhayabhIta pArvatI zivane vaLagI paDelAM jovA maLe che. ziva potAnA pagathI parvatane nIce dabAvI rAvaNane enI nIce kacaDatA jaNAya che. cAra gaNo paNa rAvaNa para prahAra karI rahyA che. bIjA gaNo ziva-pArvatInI pAchaLa UbhA che. rAvaNanuM rUpavidhAna manohara che. zive bhairava svarUpa dhAraNa karIne ratnAsurano vadha karyo e dazya paNa prabhAvazALI che. emAM teo pitAnA paga nIce eka vAmanane dabAvIne UbhA che. be hAthe gacarma zarIre vIMTALatA, be hAthe bhAlo pakaDI ratnAsurano vadha karatA eka hAthe talavAra ane bIjA hAthe thALa pakaDI emAM ratnAsuranuM rakata jhIlatA pabhuja bhairavanuM raudra svarUpa gaNapati nihALI rahyA che. guphA naM. 15 mAM mukhyatve viSNunA avatAronuM aMkana thayuM che. paNa tenI sAthesAtha zivane lagatAM paNa keTalAMka manohara zilpo kaMDArAyAM che. e paikI

Page #178
8: rAkTa-pratIhAra-pAlakAlanI zi95kalA 169 zivaliMga mAhAsya ane tArakAsuravadha karavA jatA zivanAM dazyo noMdhapAtra che. uttaranI dIvAla para kaMDArela ratnAsuravadha karatA bhairavanA hAthano vega, gaLAnI DeDamALA, hAthamAM dhAraNa karela trizULa, ratnAsurane pakaDavo, upara A ghaTanAne hoMzapUrvaka jotuM ghuvaDa ane nIce rakata pAnanI mAgaNI karatA kali vagere bhayaMkara dazya rajU kare che. zivaliMganamAhAmyamAM liMgamAMthI agni pragaTI rahelo darzAvyo che. viSNu liMgano pAra pAmavA varAharUpe jamIna kheDI rahyA che paNa niSphaLa banatAM hAtha joDIne zivanI stuti karavA lAge che. bIjI bAju brahmA haMsasvarUpe liMganI upara caDI ene pAra pAmavA prayatna kare che ne niSphaLa jatAM zivanI stuti karavA lAge che. tArakAsuravadha mATe prayANa karatA zivanuM dazya atyaMta manohArI che. teo sUryanA ratha para ArUDha thaI, cAra vedonA cAra ghoDA ane brahmAne sArathi banAvI prayANa karI rahyA che. A guphAmAM A uparAMta umA-mahezvara, bAlagaNeza sAthe naMdI para beThelAM ziva-pArvatI, ardhanArIzvara, umAnuM tapa, capATa ramatAM ziva-pArvatI, ziva-pArvatInAM lagna, kailAsa upADato rAvaNa, mArka DeyAnugraha, vagere zilpa paNa kaMDArAyAM che. guphA naM. 16 to zivanA nivAsasthAna kailAsarUpe kaMDArI hovAthI zivanAM vividha svarUponAM zilpothI bharapUra che. staMbhenA gALAmAM dakSiNathI zarU karI pUrva ane uttara tarapha jatAM A sarva zilpo jovA maLe che. emAM dakSiNa dizAmAM 12 dazyo paikInA traNamAM zivaliMganI upAsanA karato bhakata, naMdI sahita UbhelA mahAdeva tathA ardhanArIzvara jovA maLe che. pUrva taraphanAM 19 dazyo paikI 17 zivane lagatAM che : 1) kALabhairava svarUpa zivanI pAse kezaracanA karatAM pArvatI UbhAM che. 2) kamaLamAMthI kapAlabhairava svarUpe bahAra AvatA zivanA hAthamAM pArvatI che. 3) nava yogI zivanA caturbha ja hAtha paikI ekamAM trizULa, bIjo pArvatInA mastaka para ane bAkInA be vaDe pArvatInAM stana grahaNa karyA che. 4) siddhayogIrUpa caturbhuja zivanA mastaka para gaMdharvo ane paga pAse gaNo che. 5) baTuka bhairava rUpa zive eka laMgoTI ja dhAraNa karI che. khabhe trizULa mUkeluM che. eka hAthamAM Damaru ane bIjAmAM khApaTa jaNAya che. teo pArvatI samakSa UbhA che. 6) bhUpAla bhairavarUpa ziva vAmana puruSa para nRtya karI rahyA che. 7) trizULa ane nAga dhAraNa karelA bhairavanI eka bAju naMdI ane bIjI bAju pArvatI che. 8) mahAdeva. 9) nAga ane naMdI sahita ziva. 10) trizULadhArI zivanI eka bhakate pUjA karI rahyo che. 11) gaMgAdhara zivanI jaTAmAM sarpa vIMTelo che. gaMgAne nIce paDe che. upara gaMdharvo ane bAjumAM pArvatI paNa che. use zivaliMga mAhAbhyanuM dazya uparokata dazAvatAra

Page #179
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpalA guphAnA zilpa jevu` che. 13) beThelAM ziva-pArvatI. 14) tripurAsurano vadha karavA jatA sadAziva cha hAtha dharAve che. temanA sArathi brahmA paNa 6 hAtha dharAve che. 15) ratnAsuranA vadha karatA vIrabhadrarUpa ziva ane 16) ziva-pArvatInA lagnanA prasaMga ka DArelA che. kalyANasu Mdara tarIke prasiddha A chellA dazyamAM zivanI DAbIbAju pArvatI che. eka hAthamAM puSpamALA ne bIjA hAthe pAtInuM pANigrahaNa karyuM" che. pazcima taraphanAM 12 dazyomAM mArkaMDeya RSinI yamathI rakSA karatA ziva, arjuna para anugraha karatA ziva, cApATa ramatAM zivapArvatI, nAradajInuM vINAvAdana sAMbhaLatAM zivapAva tI, kalAsa upADatA rAvaNa, zivanI sanmukha besIne kathA sAMbhaLatAM pArvatI vagere jovA maLe che. 170 guphA naM. 29 (dUmara leNa)nA vacalA raMgamaMDapanI traNa bAjue upara kalAsa upADatA rAvaNa, copATa ramatAM zivapArvatI, ziva-pArvatInAM lagna, mAyAyogI ziva, bhairava svarUpa ziva vagere zilpA kaMDArelAM che. vaiSNava sapradAyane lagatAM zipe paNa AvAM ja vipula ane vaividhyapUrNa che. AmAM viSNunAM vividha svarUpA uparAMta emanA avatAro paNa sthAna pAmyA che. zivanAM zilpAne mukAbale viSNu ane temanA avatAronAM zilpAmAM mUrti vidhAna ane kalAtmakatA pUrNapaNe khIlyAM jaNAtAM nathI. guphA naM. 14 (rAvaNa kA ai)nI uttaranI dIvAla para 1) varAha svarUpe viSNu potAnA daMtazULa upara pRthvIne dhArI rahyA che. temanA paga nIce zeSanAga che. 2) vaiku ThamAM caturbhuja viSNu beThelA che temanI pAse lakSmI ane sItAjI beThAM che. pAchaLa cAmaradhArI cAra ricArako che ne nIce garuDa che. keTalAka gaMdharvo nRtya kare che te keTalAka vAdya vagADI rahyA che. 3) eka tAraNa nIce viSNu ane lakSmI paMka para beThAM che. pAchaLa paricArako UbhA che. nIcenA bhAgamAM nAnA kadanA sAta sevako kaMDAryAM che, je paikInA cAranA hAyamAM vAjiMtrA jaNAya che. guphA naM. 15 (dazAvatAra) enA nAma pramANe dazAvatAranAM zilpA dharAvatI hovI joIe. paNa emAM daza avatAronAM dazya nathI. Ama chatAM emanuM prAdhAnya pravatuM jarUra jovA maLe che. guphAnI dakSiNa dIvAla para 6 dazyA kaDArelAM che. 1) gevanadhArI viSNu vrajavAsIonI rakSA karatA jaNAya che. vastuta: govardhanane zrIkRSNe dhAraNa karyo hato. ahIM devane caturbhuja batAvyA che. temanA eka hAtha kaTi para avalaMbita che, bIjA hAthamAM zaMkha che. bAkInA bethI temaNe gAva na dhAraNa karyo che. AmAM gAyonuM aMkana ghaNuM sajIva ane maneAhara banyuM che. 2) manuSyanu

Page #180
8: rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAlAlanI zilpalA eka mastaka ane bIjI pAMca sarpa phaNAo dharAvatA zeSanAga para viSNu zayana kare che. caturbhuja viSNuno eka hAtha ghUMTaNa para ane bIjo nAbhi para che. eka hAthane takiyo karyo che ne cotho hAtha vaDe vRkSanI DALI pakaDI che. devano eka paga nIce laTakato ane bIjo lakSmIjInA khoLAmAM che. lakSmI temanA caraNanI sevA karI rahyAM che. viSNunI nAbhimAMthI pragaTelA kamaLa para brahmA beThelA che. 3) viSaNu garUDArUDha thayelA jovA maLe che. 4) varAha avatAranA zilpamAM mAthu varAhanuM ne dhaDa manuSyanuM che. pabhuja devano eka hAtha kaTi-avalaMbita, bIjA, trIjA ane cothAmAM anukrame zaMkha, cakra ane gadA che, bAkInA be hAtha vaDe pRthvIne dhAraNa karI che. 5) trivikrama ke vAmana avatAranuM raudra svarUpe aMkana thayuM che. emAM teo balirAjAnA darpanuM khaMDana kare che. aSTabhuja deve dhAraNa karelAM Ayudho paikI talavAra, gadA, tIra, cakra, zekha, dhanuSya ane DhAla spaSTa che. eka hAtha sUcimudrAmAM che. temaNe DAbo paga AkAza tarapha UMce karelo che. bIjA paga nIce vAmana svarUpa puruSAkRti kaMDArI che. temanI pAse garuDa ane balirAjA jovA maLe che. 6) nRsiMha avatAranuM lokapriya zi95 ahIM kaMDArAyuM che. AmAM mastaka ane kaTi siMhanAM che, jyAre hAtha ane paga manuSyanA che. temanA be hAthomAM DhAla-talavAra che ne bAkInA be hAtha vaDe rAkSasa hiraNyakazipune pakaDyo che. | guphA naM. 16 (kailAsa)mAM dakSiNa dizAnA varaMDAmAM vaiSNava zilpo kaMDArAyAM che. emAM catubhuja vinuM kAlinAga-damana, varAha avatAra, vAmanarUpa viSNu, govardhanadhArI viSar, zeSazAyI viSNu ane nRsiMhAvatAranAM zilpo jovA maLe che. AmAM nAgadamana ane vAmana viSNunAM zilpo suMdara che. nAgadamanamAM zrI kRSNane viSNusvarUpe darzAvyA che. temanA cAra hAtha paikI ekamAM zaMkha ane bIjAmAM kAliya nAganI pUMchaDI pakaDelI che. trIjo hAtha abhaya mudrAmAM ane cotho DAbA paganA ghUMTaNa para Tekavelo che. kRSNano DAbo paga nAganA mastaka para che. AmAM nAganuM uttamAMga puruSanuM ane uttarAMga nAganuM darzAvyuM che. enA mastaka para kuNA paNa batAvI che. kRSNa karelA damanathI ni:sahAya banelo nAga khinna thayelo jovAmAM maLe che. trivikramarUpa viSNunA zilpamAM pabhuja deve talavAra, DhAla, zaMkha, cakra, gadA ane padma dhAraNa karyA che. paga nIce baline dabAvyo che. balinA hAthamAM ratnapAtra jovA maLe che. brAhmaNa dharmanAM anya zilpamAM guphA naM. 14mAM mahiSAsuramadinI, vAghanA mastaka para paga mUkIne Ubhela caturbhuja bhavAnI ane kamalArUDha lakSmI jovA maLe che. chellA zilpamAM devInI baMne bAju eka eka gaja che ne pAse UbhelI nAgakanyAo ghaDAmAMthI jaLane devI para abhiSeka kare che. guphA naM. 15mAM gaNapati,

Page #181
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA - baMne hAthamAM kamaLa dhAraNa karatA sUrya, mahiSAsuramardinI, bhavAnI, kAlI, lakSmI, - vagerenAM mUrti zilpo jovA maLe che. guphA naM. 16(kailAsa)mAM dakSiNa bAjunI * zilpaharoLamAMnuM paheluM annapUrNAnuM zilpa manahara che. emAM eka hAthamAM jala kalaza, bIjAmAM mALA, trIjAmAM puSpaguccha che ne cothA hAthe devI keza bAMdhe che. pUrva - bAjunAM zilpo vacce brahmAnuM haMsArUDha zilpa paNa dhapAtra che. emanAM traNa mukha ane cAra hAtha jovA maLe che. eka hAthamAM jaLapAtra ane bIjAmAM japamALA che. - pazcima dizA taraphanAM zilpamAM eka manahara zilpa mucukuMda RSinuM che. teoe khabhe kothaLo nAkhela che. guphA naM. 29nA maMDapanAM zilpamAM eka pracaMDa devIzilpa paNa che. enA mastaka para cAra devo ane nIcenA bhAgamAM traNa strIo - daSTigocara thAya che. devInuM vastra eka haMsa kheMcI rahyo che. A mUrtinuM abhidhAna spaSTa thaI zakayuM nathI. elerAmAM keTalAka zRMgArabhAva paNa mUrta thayA che. emAM cuMbana, AzleSa - tathA saMbhoganA vividha prakAro darzAvAyA che.' A jenazilpa elorAnAM jaina zilpa digaMbara saMpradAyanAM che. A zilpo tyAMnA bauddha - tathA zaiva zilpo jevAM ja kalAtmaka che. alabatta, tIrthakaronA mukha paranA bhAvamAM * vyakata thatI kevaLa zamatA ane joma tathA utsAhanA abhAvane laIne e mUrtio : niSkriyatAnI chApa pADe che. vaLI maryAdita jagyAmAM zilpa ThAMsI ThAMsIne bharyA hovAthI pramANabhaMga paNa thayelo jaNAya che. badhAM zilpA jaina mUrtividhAnane anusarIne karelAM che. guphA naM. 30thI 34mAM jana zilpo jovA maLe che. guphA naM. 30(choTA kailAsa)mAM mukhya mUrti beThelA mahAvIra svAmInI che. " uparAMta AmAM bIjA 22 tIrthakaronAM zilpo paNa kaMDAryA che. guphA naM. 31nA garbhagRhamAM paNa mahAvIra svAmInI pratimA daSTigocara thAya che. guphA naM. 32(indrasabhA) caDiyAtI che. AmAM garbhagRhamAM chatra ane prabhAcakathI zobhatA mahAvIra svAmInI bhavya pratimA jovAmAM Ave che. temanI be bAjue suMdara vastrAbhUSaNayukata cAmaradhArI anucaro che. upalA bhAgamAM vividha vAdya vagADatA be gaMdharvo che. A guphAmAM 23mA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ane gomaTezvara bAhubalInI mUrtio, yakSayakSiNIomAM RSabhadevanI yakSiNI cakezvarI, pArzvanAthano yakSa dharaNendra * (nAgarAja) ane mahAvIra svAmIne yakSa mAtaMga tathA temanI yakSiNI siddhAyikAnI - AkRtio kaMDArAI che. kSabhadevanA bIjA putra bAhubalI gomaTezvara nAme

Page #182
173 8H rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAlaphAlanI zilpakalA oLakhAya che. temanI ahIM... ka DArAyelI su dara pratimAmAM emanA zarIra para vIMTaLAyelI latAe ane temanI AsapAsa haraNa, sApa, uMdara, vIMchI, kUtaro vagere STigeAcara thAya che. temanI be bAju brAhmI ane suMdarI UbhAM che. bAjumAM bharata beThelA che. bAhubalI digaMbara kAyotsarga avasthAmAM sthira UbhA che. suMdara vastrAbhUSaNe thI vibhUSita, garuDArUDha devI cakrezvarI dvAdazabhujA svarUpa che. mahAvIranA yakSa mAtaMga ane yakSiNI siddhAyikAne bhUlathI Indra ane IndrANI mAnI levAmAM AvelAM. baMnenA mastaka para vRkSATopanuM chatra che. baMne dvibhuja che. mAtaMganuM vAhana gaja paga pAse jaNAya che. siddhAyikA AMbA nIce siMha para beThela che. devInA DAbA khALAmAM bALaka beTheluM che jenA upalA aDadhA bhAga tUTI gayo che. vRkSamAM paMkhIe ane vAnaro paNa dekhA de che. A mUrtimAM devInuM zarIra tathA avayavo pramANasara ane suDoLa che. muMbaIthI lagabhaga 8 kileHmITara dUra dariyAmAM AvelA ghArApurI(eliphTA) nAmanA beTa para khaDakamAMthI kaDArela zaiva guphAe paNa kailAsanuM samakAlIna kalAkendra che. trimukha maheza, yogIrAja ziva, ardhanArIzvara, zivapArvatI vivAha, zivatAMDava, bhairava, kailAsa uThAvatA rAvaNa vagere bhavya ane bhAvavAhI zilpA ahIM kotaravAmAM AvyAM che. AmAM trimukha mahezanuM jagavikhyAta baneluM zilpa ahIMnuM mukhya AkarSaNa che. A pracaMDakAyamUrtimAM zivanAM vidhAyaka, pAlaka ane saMhAraka traNe svarUpone tAdaza karavAmAM kalAsiddhoe bhAre puruSA karyo che. mUrtinA mukhamaMDala para bhAre prazAMta gaMbhIratA vilase che. enA vizALa jaTAmukuTa paNa enI gabhIratAmAM vadhAro kare che. udAtta ane asarakAraka mUrtividhAna, sUkSma bhAvavyaMjanA ane pracaMDakAyane laIne A mUrti bhAratIya zilpamAM aneAkhI bhAta pADe che. ziva-pArvatIvivAha (kalyANasu Mdara)nuM dazya eleArAnA A ja prakAranA dazya karatAM vadhu suMdara banyuM che. emAM pArvatInA AtmasamarpaNanA bhAva ane tene AdarapUrvaka grahaNa karatA zivanuM maneArama bhAvavAhI Alekhana thayu' che. tevI rIte kalAsa upADatA rAvaNanuM dRzya paNa eleArAnA e dazya karatAM vadhu asarakAraka banyu che. 7) dakSiNa bhArata dakSiNa bhAratamAM prastuta kAla daramyAna pUrvI cAlukaye, pazcimI gaMga, nALa ba, uttarakAlIna pallava, pUrvakAlIna cALa, pUrvakAlIna pAMDaya ane cera rAjava zeAnA protsAhanathI sthApatyanI sAthe zilpakalAnA paNa vikAsa thayo. A badhI sthAnika kalA-zailIe para pUrvavat pazcimI cAlukayA ane pallavAnI kalAzailIonA prabhAva. vizeSa varatAya che.

Page #183
-174 bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA vRMgImAMthI zAsana karatA pUrva cAlukonI kalApravRtti A kALa daramyAna cAlu rahI ane vijayAditya 2 jA tathA vijayAditya 3 jAnA samayamAM pUrva cAlukya zi95zailIne bhAre vega maLyo. vijayavADA najIka jAmidoDI maMDapanA taMbhe ane dIvAlo paranI saMgIta ane nRtya karatI manahara mUrtio temaja indranIla TekarI para utkIrNa staMbha ane kirAtAjunIyanA kathAprasaMgane rajU karatI zilpaharoLamAM rAjA vijayAditya ra jAnA samaya (9 mI sadI)nI zailI uttama rIte abhivyakata thaI che. vijayAditya 3jo (guNaga) paNa mahAna nirmAtA hato. vRMgImAM gaMgA-yamunAnAM zilpapratIko sarvaprathama dAkhala karavAnuM zreya ene phALe jAya che. biccalanAM goligezvara ane rAjarAja maMdironI zilpasajAvaTa tenA samayanI kalA prastuta kare che. A kAlamAM kArIgarInI sAdAI ane suzobhananA atirekathI dUra rahevAnuM spaSTa valaNa jovA maLe che. mAtRkA samUhanA vIrabhadra ziva, kaumArI, strIdehadhArI gaMgA, vagere A kAlanAM sarasa daSTAMto che. kaMdanI bAju Ubhelo mayura ane brahmAnI bAjune haMsa bilakula kudaratI ane mehaka che. A kAlanAM maMdironA vimAnanI Toce vAraMvAra jovA maLatI gaNezapratimAomAM dvibhuja devanuM mukuTahita gajamastaka vAstavika lAge che. paDozI kaliMga dezanA prabhAvathI vRMgInAM A kAlanAM maMdironI dIvAlo para mithunazilpo kaMDArAyelAM jovA maLe che. pUva cAlukaya kalA pazcimI cAlukaya, rASTrakUTa, pUvagaMga, cedi, pallava ane coLakalAnA mizraNa rUpa che. biccolanA goliMgezvara maMdiranAM zilpo enA zreSTha namUnArUpa che. ahIMnA gaNezanI meTA kadanI pratimAmAM kaliMga ane pAla kalA jevo jaTAmukuTa che. tema ahIMnA sUra uttara bhAratIya paddhati anusAra halabUTa paherelA che. bIjI bAju viSNue gadA ane zaMkha dakSiNa bhAratIya Dhabe dhAraNa karyA che. ahIMnA brahmA pallava-coLa AkRtionI jema dADhI rahita yuvAna batAvyA che. ahIMnA nareza caturbha ja che paNa temanA catura nRtyamAM uttara ane dakSiNa bhAratIya valaNono saMgama thayelo varatAya che. kAverInA kAMThe talakADamAMthI rAjya karatA pazcimI gaMga rAjAo paNa lalitakalAnA protsAhako hatA. zravaNa belagolAnA sthaLe viMdhyagiri para kaMDArelI gomaTezvaranI pratimA gaMga kalAnI kIrtirUpa che. A bhavya pratimA rAjA rAjamalla satyavAkayanA maMtrI cAmuMDarAye I. sa. 983mAM kaMDArAvI hatI. A mUrti 17.2 mITara UMcI che. aMgenuM samatolapaNuM, mukha paranA zAMta ane prasanna bhAva vAlmIka ane mAdhavI latAthI lapeTAyelI A mUrtinuM sauMdarya advitIya che. rAjA nItimArga (9mI sadI)ne mRtyuzaiyA para darzAvatuM zilpa paNa pazcimI gaMga zailInuM

Page #184
8: rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAlAlanI zilpakalA 175 eka sAruM daSTAMta pUruM pADe che. dahuMDI (smAraka zilA) para kaMDArelA A zilpamAM mRtyuzaiyA para poDhelo rAjA ane tenI pAse yuvarAja batAvyo che. A dazyamAM eka svAmIbhakata sajajana potAnA svAmI sAthe agnisnAna karavA tatpara Ubhelo daSTigocara thAya che. mAisaramAM noLambavADI pradezamAM noLaMba vaMzanuM zAsana hatuM. temanAM zilpa para pazcimI cAlukaya zailIne prabhAva jovA maLe che. temanI rAjadhAnI hemAvatInAM maMdironAM staMbho ane chato paranI bArIka kotaraNI manohara che. hemAvatImAMthI maLelI ane hAla madrAsanA sarakArI myujhiyamamAM surakSita umA-mahezvara ane sUryanI pratimAo pazcimI cAlukya zailI jevI bhAre ane vaividhyapUrNa alaMkAra-sajAvaTa temaja uttama bhAvAbhivyakitanI daSTie noLaMba kalAnA uttama namUnA gaNAya che. hemAvatInA eka zivamaMdiranA maMDapanI chatano eka khaMDa madrAsa myujhiyamanI zobhArUpa che. emAM gheTA para beThelAM agni ane svAhA, mahiSa para beThelo yama ane temanI devI tathA rAkSasa para beThela nirjhatinuM surekha Alekhana che. rAma-sItA, pRSThasvastikAkAre paga ane deha rAkhI nRtya karatA naTeza, gajAMtaka, AliMganacaMdezAnugrahamUrti vagere paNa hemAvatImAMthI maLelAM gaNanApAtra zilpa che. maMdiranI dIvAlo para kaMDArelAM zilpamAM viSNu, gaMgA ane kuMdanAM zilpo vizeSa dhyAna kheMce che. madrAsa ane mahAbalipuram vistAramAM uttarakAlIna pallavonI ANa pravartatI hatI. A samaye pUrvavata pallava kalAnI tulanAe zilpanA AlekhanamAM vigatapUrNatA vadhatI ane dehanI sthULatA ghaTIne sapramANa banatI jovA maLe che. Ama palava zilpIlIne A kalAmAM vikAsa thaIne te enuM suMdara svarUpa pAmI che. kAMcIpuramUnAM vaikuMThaperumAla, rAvatezvara, mukatezvara, mataMgezvara, vagere maMdironAM zilpo tenA udAharaNarUpa che. vaikuMThaperUmAla maMdiranI aMdaranI dIvAlo para nagarajIvana, yuddho azvameghayajJa, rAjyAbhiSeka, rAjAnI cUMTaNI, maMdironA jIrNoddhAra temaja anya prasaMgonuM zilpa haroLamAM thayeluM Alekhana tatkAlIna saMskRtinA abhyAsa mATe ghaNuM upayogI che. pallavazilpo ziva, viSNu ane devInA mUrtividhAnanI bAbatamAM susamRddha che. satyamaMgalamamAMthI maLelI ane madrAsa myujhiyamamAM surakSita mAtRkA-samUha ane vIrabhadra ziva temaja yogadakSiNAmUrti zivanI pratimAo namUnedAra che. jo ke kAverIpAkkama vistArane rASTrakUToe gheDA samaya mATe jItI enA para ANa prasArI hatI. AthI temaja pallavarANI revA rASTrakUTa samrATa daMtidurganI dauhitrI hovAthI rASTrakUTa kalAzailInI asaro pallavakalAmAM bhaLI. kAverIpAkkamanAM zilpomAM maLatAM

Page #185
176 bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA kamaLa, lIlI (eka vAsaMtika phUla) tathA motIyukata yajJopavIta, siMhamukhanI eka AkRtivALo bAjubaMdha, kamarabaMdha vagere mukhyatve rASTrakUTa ane aMzata: pazcimI cAlukaya zailInA prabhAvanAM sUcaka che. 9mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM kAverI pradezanA tAMjoramAM coLa rAjyanI sthApanA thaI ne 10 mI sadImAM tene prabhAva ane prasAra vadhavA lAgyo. A vaMzanA rAjAo rAjakIya utkarSanI jema sAMskRtika abhyadayamAM paNa rasa dharAvatA hatA. gaMDarAdityanI rANI zembinmAdevIe rAjyamAM Thera Thera maMdiro baMdhAvyAM hatAM. kuMbhakoNam, kiLayura, zrInivAsanavrura vagere sthAnonAM maMdiromAM kaMDArAyelAM zilpomAM pUrva LAlIna zilpazailI abhivyakata thatI daSTigocara thAya che. Ane coLa zailInA prAthamika tabakkAnI kalAzailI paNa kahe che. AkRtionI racanAmAM Ayojanakauzala, aMgaupAMgo darzAvatI rekhAonI nAjukAI, aMgabhaMgamAM varatAta mRdutA ane mahakatA temaja keTalAMka tAjagIbharyA abhinava tattvo vagere A kalAzailInAM lakSaNo che. dehasRSTi pAtaLI UMcI ane uttarakAlIna pallavakalAne mukAbale bilakula haLavI kula jevI che. lAMbI mukhAkRtio manamohaka che. AmAM alaMkAra-sajAvaTa bArIka vigatapUrNa che. tArakasabavALA mukuTa ne pavitra sUtra, hAMsaDI, siMhamastakanI AkRtivALo kamarabaMdha, kamaranI DAbI bAjue avazvanI kinAranI paMkhAkAra valIonI goThavaNI, bharatakAma karelAM vastro vagere mUrti zilpanI suMdaratAmAM vadhAro kare che. kuMbhakoNamUnA nAgezvarasvAmI maMdiranA gavAkSomAM kaMDArelAM pAtaLI dehayaSTivALAM zilpa, tirukovilUra pAse LiyUramAM AvelA zivamaMdiranA dvArapAlo, zrInivAsanalUranA kuraMganAthezvara maMdiranAM aMzamUrta zilpa vagere 10 mI sadInI coLa kalAnA utkRSTa namUnA che. A lakSaNo 11mI sadImAM paNa cAlu rahelAM hovAnuM tAMjora ane gaMgakaDacoLapuranAM mahAmaMdiro jovAthI jaNAya che. sudUra dakSiNamAM paDayA rAjyamAM 8 mI sadImAM aneka sthApatyo baMdhAyAM. A sthApatyo para pUrvakAlIna pallava zailInA prabhAvavALAM zilpo daSTigocara thAya che. tirUmalAIpuram nuM zailamaMdira pUrvakAlIna pAMDapakalAnuM sAruM daSTAMta pUruM pADe che. enA brahmA, nRtya karatA ziva tathA viSNu ane gaNezanAM zilpamAM dehanuM sthULapaNuM ane anya suzobhananI sajAvaTamAM sAdAI e A kalAnI noMdhapAtra vizeSatA che. A guphAnA dvArapAlo paNa pallava dvArapAlone bilakula maLatA jaNAya che. tirupUraMkurNa, sendramara, kunakuDI, cokkamapaTTI ane anya sthaLoe paNa kaMDArAyelI guphAo para A zailInAM aMzamUrta zilpo najare paDe che.

Page #186
8H rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAlakAlanI zilpakalA tiruppara phu mUnI guphAmAM eka suMdara zilpapaTTikAmAM nRtya karatA zivanuM manArama Alekhana che. ziva eka hAthamAM nadidhvaja dhAraNa karIne "catura" nRtya karyuM rahyA che. A nRtyane vAdakasamUhanA gaNe, pArvatI tathA nadI rasapUrvaka nihALI rahyAM che. samagra dazya jIvaMta ane atyaMta bhAvapUrNa banyuM che. kaLugumalaInA zailagRhamAM kaMDArelAM ziva, pArvatI, naMdI tathA zivagaNAnAM zilpe paNa evAM ja jIvaMta che. emAM zivagaNAnA vividha prakAre bAMdhelA jaTAjUTa, mukha para hAsya, kayAreka gAtA, nAcatA, vAjiMtra vagADatA, vimAnane Teko ApatA ke eka bIjA sAthe mastI karatA darzAvyA che. ahIM dakSiNAmUrti zivane mRda Mga vagADatA darzAvyA che, je A prakAranuM adritIya zilpa manAya che. brahmA, viSNu, narasiMha, skaMda, caMdra ane sUryanAM Alekhana paNa thayAM che. surasuMdarIonI kezaracanAo ane prasAdhanamAM varatAnuM vaividhya temaja temanI anekavidha aMgabha`gIo AkarSaka che. 17 pAMDayAnI bAjumAM AvelA cera rAjyamAM pallava ane pAMDaya zailIne maLatAM zilpA kaMDArAyAM hatAM. A zilpA 8 mI sadInAM che. kaviyara guphAnA dvArapAle tirucirApallInA pallava dvArapAlAne Abehuba maLatA Ave che. trivendrama pAse Avela viLi jam guphAnAM zilpAmAM cera zailInA vikAsa najare paDe che. A badhAM zilpA uttara-ArakoTa ane ciMgalepuTa vistAranAM pallava zilpAne ghaNe aMze maLatAM che. kuriyaramAMthI maLelI viSNu-pratimA uttarakAlIna pallava ane pUrvakAlIna cALa kalAnA saMkrAntikAlanI jaNAya che. viLi jamanA A kAlanA dvibhuja dvArapALane eka hAtha vismayamudrAmAM ane bIjo khullo paDakAra ApatI mudrAmAM che. teNe dhA raNa karelA upavIta paranI ghaMTaDIo, aMgarakhAnA madhya bhAganAM krUmatAM tema ja ala kAra sajAvaTamAM vipulatAnI bAbatamAM cAlukaya zailInI asara varatAya che. kocInamAM rijAlakaphuDa pAse talakhATamAMthI maLelI khaMDita viSNupratimA,. bharaNIkkANI ane muruDukula garaImAMthI maLelI buddha-pratimAo, temaja travaNakoramAM Avela cittala TekarI para kaDArelAM jana zilpA vagere 8 mI 9 mI sadInI cera kalAnAM sarasa daSTAMta pUrAM pADe che. bhA. prA. zi.-12

Page #187
9. pUrva madhyakAlIna zilpakalA (I. sa. 1000 thI I. sa.-1300) uttara-madhyakAlamAM sthApatyanI mAphaka zilpakalAmAM paNa vizeSa unnati thaI. A kAlamAM zilpakalA maMdira-sthApatyane Azrita banI. chUTI mUrtio jUja pramANamAM maLe che. agAu maMdironA AvaraNamAM banatAM mUrtizilpone uddeza maMdirane devanA AvAsa (sumeru, kalAsa vagere) parvate sUcita karavAnuM hatuM, te ahI lupta thaI jAya che. ane have e mUrti o maMdiranA zaNagAranI sAmagrI banI rahe che. 1) sAmAnya lakSaNe zailI ane viSayanI daSTie A kAlanI kalAnI zilpakalAnAM keTalAMka naMdhapAtra lakSaNo A pramANe che: 1) harSottara kAlamAM je je mukhya mukhya devano vikAsa thaI cUkayo hato temanA svarUpanuM bArIka vivecana thavAne kAraNe emanA aneka bheda ane upabheda pracalita thayA. aneka prakAranAM devIe, mAtRkAo, yoginIo, yakSiNIo ane zAsana-devatAono bharapUra vistAra thayo. A vadhatA jatA bhedone anurUpa devI-devatAonI mUrtio banavA lAgI. e devatAonuM sAmarthya sUcavavA mATe mUrtimAM ghaNA hAtha ane vividha prakAranAM Ayudhono vyApaka prayoga thavA lAgyo. 2) vajayAna, sahajayAna, siddhasaMpradAya, tAMtrika mata, zAkamata vagere matAMtaronA kAraNe jIvanane karmaNya pakSa zithila thayo. A zithilatA jema jema vadhatI gaI, tema tema strI-puruSa saMbaMdhI guhya bhAvoe saMbhrAMta dhArmika carcAnuM sthAna lIdhu. brahmAnaMdano rasAnubhava sahajamAM prApta thanArA saMbhogasukhanA rasAnubhavanI kalpanAthI mapAvA lAgyo. A kAlamAM strI-puruSanI nagna mUrtio zi95 tema ja citrakalAmAM paNa banavA lAgI. A prakAranAM kAma-rata yugalonAM mUrti-zilpa khajurAho, bhuvanezvara, purI vagere sthaLonAM maMdiromAM moTI saMkhyAmAM jovA maLe che. 3) jema A kAlanA sAhityamAM maulikatAnI apekSAe pAMDitya pradarzananuM valaNa vyApaka hatuM ane dArzanika kSetramAM paNa navA navA vicAro AtmasAta karavA ke navA vicArakSetro sara karavAne badale potAnA ja kendramAM pharyA karavAnI vicArapaddhati vyApaka hatI, tema kalAnA kSetramAM paNa vyakitatvano hrAsa thavA lAgyo. badhI

Page #188
93 pU-madhyakAlIna zilpakalA mUrti e ThAThamAM ekabIjAnI pratikRti jevI banavA lAgI. mUrtionAM lakSaNA ane pratIko niyamabaddha thaI gayAM hatAM. niyameAnuM niyaMtraNa hovAthI mUrti kArane peAtAnI abhiruci, kalA-kauzala ane racanAtmaka pratibhA vyakata karavAnA ghaNA ochA avakAza hatA. tethI A kAlanI mUrti emAM sajIvatA, navInatA ane maulikatAnuM pramANa ghaTI gayeluM jovA maLe che. tema chatAM kalAkAranuM kalAcArya mukha-ma`DalanI suMdara AkRti ane zarIra-sauSThava darzAvavAmAM khIlI uThayuM che. 199 4) A kAlanAM zilpAmAM suzAbhana mATe prayojela phUlavelanAM rUpAMkana dhIme dhIme 12mI sadInA aMta sudhImAM paththaranI jALInuM svarUpa dhAraNa kare che. paththaramAM karelI A jALIo kalAnA niSprANa kalevara jevI bhAse che. zaiva, vaiSNava, bauddha ane jaina dharmane lagatI deva-devIo, tI karo, vidyAdharo, sAdhuo vagerenI mUrti e zilpazAstramAM varNavela emanAM mApa, Ayudha, vAhana, lAMchana vagere anusAra karavAmAM Avela che. uparAMta anya prakAranI zilpakRtie paNa paraMparAgata ane niyamabaddha zailIe taiyAra thaI che. emAM paurANika prasaMgo, gIta ane nRtyanAM dazyA, prasAdhana dazyo, zikAra, musApharI, yuddho, kustI, dhArmika vArtAlApa, kAmazAsranAM dRSTAMta jevAM aneka zilpA, vividha pazu, pakSIo, miAsvarUpanAM prANIo phUla-velanI bhAta ane bhaumitika AkRtie vagere vividha viSayo jovA maLe che. A kAlanAM zilpAne emanA prAdezika vikAsanA saMdarbhamAM tapAsavAM sugama thaI paDaze. 2) ArissA kaliMga dezamAM 8 mI 9 mI sadIthI pUrvI` gaMga rAjAonA protsAhana nIce sthApatya ane zilpakSetre viziSTa erissA zailI pAMgarI hatI. prastuta kAlamAM enA caramotka sadhAyelA jaNAya che. bhuvanezvaranAM liMgarAja (I. sa. 1000) ane rAjarANI (I. sa. 1150) maMdiro ane koNArakanuM sUryamaMdira (I. sa. 1235-1265 daramyAna) AnAM zreSTha daSTAMta che. erissAnI zilpazailImAM deva-pratimAonA rUpAMkanamAM hRSTapuSTa aMgavinyAsanI sAtheAsAtha AjasvitA ane gatizIlatAnI asara varatAya che. maMdiro para banelI nAgakanyAe, vividha nRtyabhaMgIo darzAvatI nRtyAMganA ane nAyikAbhedanI mUrti e, mAtR-vAtsalya pragaTa karatI mUrti e temaja kAmasUtramAM nirUpAyelAM aneka AsanonAM udAharaNA pUrAM pADatI mithunamUrti e lAlityapUrNa che. madironI pITha paranAM gajathara, azvatthara, bhRgathara vageremAM prANIonuM surekha Alekhana thayu che. phUlavelanAM suAbhanA tathA bhaumitika rUpAMkanAnuM pramANa vadhatuM jatuM jovA maLe che.

Page #189
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpaphlA liMgarAjanA maMdiranI bAhya dIvAlA para uparakata badhAM divya ane sAMsArika zilpAnuM kalAtmaka aMkana thayeluM najare paDe che. emAM gaNeza, devI, mithunarata yugalA ane nRtyamudrAvALAM suMdarIonAM zilpA vigate kaMDArAyAM che. eka manoha zilpamAM zaNagAra sajIne piyumilana mATe thanaganI rahelI navayauvanA, priyatamane AvavAmAM thayelA vilaMbathI vyAkuLa banIne vAraMvAra tenI dAsIne prazno pUchatI jovA maLe che. rAjarANI maMdiranAM pAzadhArI varuNa uparAMta agni, yama, niti ane anya dikpAlA tathA devAMganAo ane nAgasuMdarIonAM zilpA khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. 120 koNArakanuM sUrya maMdira pUrvI gaMga zilpakalAnuM sarvottama zikhara gaNAya che. 13 mI sadInA madhyamAM baMdhAyeluM A maMdira cALa rAjyamAM AvelAM dArAsuram ane cidaMbaramnAM maMdironA ma`DAne apAyelA rathasvarUpane apanAvIne sAta azvothI kheMcAtA sUryanA rathanuM svarUpa pAmyuM che. A maMdira baMdhAvanAra rAjA narisaMha 1 leA mAtRpakSe ceALa rAjavaMza sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA, tethI Ama banavuM svAbhAvika che. koNArakamAM maMdiranA pratyeka aMgane sUrya (AkRti 41) tathA anya devatAo ane suzobhanAnAM azamUrta zilpothI sajAvyuM che. rUpAMkaneAnI vigata ane viSaya-vaividhyanI bAbatamAM anya koI maMdira enI hoDamAM bhAgye ja UbhuM rahI zake ema che. A zilpa pracaMDa kadanAM che. jagameAhana(maMDapa) paranI vAdakonI AkRtio suprasiddha che. e badhI pILAza paDatA ravAdAra retiyA paththaramAMthI kaMDArelI che. vacce vacce narama ane lIlAza paDatA paththaramAMthI mRdutApUrvaka koMDArelI zilpa haroLA jaDI che. AmAM gaMganareza narasiMhanA jIvanaprasaMgo paNa jovA maLe che. ekamAM ene mahAna tiraMdAja batAvyA che, bIjA dazyamAM e ziva, jagannAtha ane durgA samakSa vinIta bhAve UbhelA hoI enI dharma sahiSNutA vyakata thAya che. anya dazyamAM ene kavienI sabhAmAM sAhityanI kadara karatA rajU karyo che, te bIjA eka prasaMgamAM paDozI dezamAMthI AvelA elacIone AvakAratA ane e dezAmAMthI AvelI jirAphanI bheTanA svIkAra karatA batAvyo che, eka dazyamAM aMta:puramAM jhulA upara jhUlatA rAjA batAvI enA sukhI pArivArika jIvana tarapha saMketa karelA che. ahIMnAM divya, sAMsArika tathA sajAvaTI traNeya prakAranAM zilpAmAM 13 mI sadInI orissAnI saMskRti ane sabhyatAnuM pratibiMba paDelu jovA maLe che. 3) bihAra-baMgALa uttara pradeza bihAra ane baMgALamAM uttarakAlIna pAla rAjAe ane sena rAjAonI A kAlamAM sattA pravartatI hatI. A pAla-sena kalAnuM svarUpa pUrvavartI kAla karatAM vadhAre rUpakSamatAvALuM banatuM jaNAya che. agAunA huSTapuSTa a`gavinyAsa ane

Page #190
9H pUrva-madhyakAlIna zilpakalA 181 AchA alaMkArone sthAne suDoLa lAlityamaya aMgavinyAsa ane vipula alaMkAra sajAvaTa prayojAvA lAge che. sAMpradAyika zilpamAM AdhyAtmikatAne Acho bhAva paNa vyakata thayo che. 12mI sadInA mahAkavi jayadeva vagerenA sAhityamAM sAMsArika bhAvonuM vyApaka nirUpaNa thayuM che. A vistAranI pratimAomAM paNa sAMsArika bhAva ane zArIrika sauMdarya darzAvavAnI tatparatAnA mULamAM paNa e valaNa raheluM jaNAya che. buddha gayA, rAjagRha, caMpA, rAjazAhI, dinAjapura, DhAkA, silahaTa vagere aneka sthaLoe A zailIne vikAsa thayo hato. A zailI kAzmIra, nepALa, tibeTa, thAIlenDa, jAvA, sumAtrA ane silAnamAM paNa prasAra pAmI hatI. A zailInI ghaNI kharI mUrtio bauddha dharmane lagatI ane keTalIka zaiva, vaiSNava ane zAkata saMpradAyone lagatI maLI che. kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta maMjuzrI, mArIcI, uSNISavijyA, DhAkAmAMthI maLelI avalokitezvaranI pratimA kalAtmaka bauddha pratimAo che. kalakattAnA nAhara saMgrahanI hevaja nAmanA tAMtrika bauddha devatAnI 12mI sadInI pratimAmAM devatAne devI sAthe ratikrIDAmagna darzAvyA che. A prakAranI nagna yaba-mUma(kIDArata) mUrtione tibeTanI bauddhakalAmAM vyApaka prasAra thayo hato. sena rAjAoe karNATaka vistAramAM ugama pAmela sadAziva svarUpane apanAvI eno baMgALamAM vyApaka prasAra karyo. inDiyana myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta prastuta kAlanI sadAzivanI pratimA A zailInuM suMdara daSTAMta che. carcita kAlanI viSanI mUrtiemAM AyudhonuM mAnuSavidhAna lupta thayeluM jaNAya che. bihAramAM mahAnAlamAMthI maLela gaMgAnI mUrti ane baMgALamAMthI maLela cAmuMDA, skaMda ane nRsiMhanAM mUrti zilpo sughATaya kalAnA prastutakAlanA sarasa namUnA gaNAya che. AmAM gaMgAnI mUrti uttama che. dilhInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM surakSita A 12mI sadInI pratimAmAM kalpavRkSanI nIce hAthamAM jalapAtro laI UbhelI gaMgA batAvI che. tenA upavastranA cheDAnI gaDIonadI-taraMgonI sUcaka che. mastakane pharatuM kalpavRkSaaMkita maMDala gaMgA-snAnathI sarva icchAonI pUrtinuM sUcana kare che. rUpakSamatA, lAvaNya ane bhAvAbhivyakitane AmAM sumeLa sadhAyo che. uttara pradezamAM kanojanA gAphaDavAlo ane tomaro tathA uttarakAlamAM cauhANonA samayamAM eka zilpazailI pAMgarI hatI. vAMkaDiyA vALanI nAnI nAnI laTomAM ene alaga alaga gUMthavI e A zailInI tarI AvatI vizeSatA che. ekaMdare rUDhibaddha hovA chatAM, emAM mohakatA paNa najare paDe che. uttarakAlamAM emAM suzobhana-pracUratA vadhatI

Page #191
182 bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA jovA maLe che. A zailI samakAlIna buMdelakhaMDanI zilpa zailIne maLatI Ave che. kutubaminAra pAsethI maLI Avela viSaNunuM mUrtizilpa A zailIne uttama namUna che. 4) madhya bhArata madhya bhAratamAM buMdelakhaMDamAM-khajurAho ane mahotsavanagara (mahAbA)mAM caMdellA rAjAonA protsAhanathI rathApatya ane zilpakalAno uttama samanvaya sadhAyelo jovA maLe che. buMdelakhaMDanI zilpalI niyamabaddha che, chatAM emAM jaDatA AvI nathI. mUrtizilpamAM rUpakSamatA ane lAvaNyayojana adabhuta rIte siddha thayAM che. nirarthaka zArIrika aMgavinyAsane ahIM abhAva che. sapramANa dehasauSThavamAM vividha aMgabhaMgIo prayojavAthI mUrtio manohara banI che. emAM gaMbhIra ane hAsya jevA paraspara virodhI bhAvanI rajUAta thaI che. Ama manovaijJAnika bhAvonI sUkSma abhivyakitathI buMdelakhaMDanI sughATayakalA advitIya khyAti pAmI che. AmAM khajurAhonAM zilpa jagavikhyAta banyAM che. chatrapura jillAmAM AveluM khajurAho uttara bhAratanI nAgara zailInAM maMdironA zreSTha namUnA dharAve che. A maMdiromAM sthApatyakIya aMgonAM susaMyojanane lAvaNyapUrNa zilpAthI anupama rIte sajAvyAM che. ahIM 85 maMdiro banyA hovAnuM kahevAya che, paNa e paikI Aje 25 jovA maLe che. A badhAM maMdironI racanAzailI ane temanuM zilpa-vidhAna lagabhaga samAna tattvo dharAve che. zaiva, vaiSNava ke jaina maMdiro vacce te te dharma-saMpradAyanI keTalIka vizeSa mUrtione bAda karatAM temanAM suzobhanAtmaka zilpa vacce koI aMtara varatAtuM nathI. 9mI thI 12 mI sadI daramyAna baMdhAyelAM A maMdiro paikI uttarakAlamAM baMdhAyelAM lakSmaNa, pArzvanAtha, vizvanAtha, kedAriyA vagere maMdiromAM vAstu ane zilpakalA pUrNa paNe pAMgarelI jaNAya che. khajurAhomAM upalabdha asaMkhya mUrti zilpane pAMca vargomAM vaheMcI zakAya : pahelA vargamAM upAsanA mATe banelI deva-pratimAono samAveza thAya che. A pratimAo pUrNamUrta ghaDAyelI che. temane maMdiranA garbhagRho ke anya vizeSa sthAna para pratiSThita karelI hatI. AmAMnI moTAbhAganI pratimAo sIdhI UbhI ke samabhaMga sthitimAM che. keTalIka mUrtionuM kada ghaNuM moTuM che. bIjA vargamAM parivAra devatA ke pArzva-devatAne samAveza thaI zake. teo mukhyatve bahAranI dIvAlo para ke gavAkSomAM jovA maLe che. emAM dipAlo, gaNa ane jaina maMdiramAM jaina zAsana-devatAo vagerenI mUrtio daSTigocara thAya che. trIjA vargamAM

Page #192
41 sUrya (kANAraka) paTTa 12 LL T ONS 42 patralekhA (khajurAho)

Page #193
184 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA devAMganA ane apsarAone samAveza thAya che. emanI saMkhyA ghaNI moTI che. ' temane AkarSaka aMgabhaMgIomAM kaMDArI che. AmAM emane kayAMka snAna bAda vALamAMthI pANI nicovatI, page aLato lagAvatI, bALako ke pazu-pakSIo sAthe mastI karatI, vINA-baMsI vagere vAdyo vagADatI, daDe ramatI, patra lakhatI (AkRti 42) ema vividha svarUpe darzAvI che. A pratimAomAM bhAratIya sAhityamAM varNavela aneka nAyikAonA bheda mUrtimaMta thatA jovA maLe che. jevA vargamAM tatkAlIna jIvananI jhAMkhI karAvatAM gharagaththu dazyone samAveza karI zakAya. pAMcamA vargamAM pazupakSIonAM zilpa Ave che. pazuomAM zArdula, ane vAnarano ane pakSIomAM zuka-sArikA, mayUra ane haMsano vizeSa prayoga thayo che. khajurAhonA kalAsikkoe emanuM aMkana vAstavika ane prabhAvotpAdaka rIte karyuM che. khajurAhonA A kalAbhaMDAramAM pUrva-madhyakAlIna jIvana sAkAra thayeluM jovA maLe che. vezabhUSA, prasAdhano, saMgIta, nRtya, zikAra, yuddha, ratikrIDArata yugalo vagere aneka dazya ahIM jovA maLe che. ratikrIDArata yugalonAM dazyamAM kAmasUtramAM varNita badhAM Asanane sAkAra karavAno prayAsa thato jaNAya che. zilpa-zuMgArane ATale pracura ane vyApaka AyAma bhAratanA koI anya kalA kendramAM javalle ja jovA maLe che. khajurAhonI pratimAomAM suMdarIonAM kamanIya pAtaLI kAyA, vividha aMgabhaMgI, lacaka ane uThAva, hAvabhAva, ceSTAo ane alaMkAro pratyakSa karavAmAM kalAkAronI alaukika pratibhA ane kalAkauzalano paricaya maLe che. kalpanAnI sUkSmatA, vRtti, vaibhava ane vizleSaNanI navInatA, AkAra-prakAranI manoharatA ane rUpAMkananI gahanatA tema ja vividhatAnI bAbatamAM khajurAhonAM maMdiro ajoDa che. caMdellA rAjA kIrtivarmAnA samaya(11mI sadI)nI bauddha, hiMdu ane jenA dharmone lagatI kalAkRtio mahebAnI AsapAsanA vistAramAMthI maLI che. emAM bodhisatva siMhanAda ane pApANi avalokitezvaranI mUrtio zreSTha che. jamaNA -hAthamAM nAga vIMTayuM trizULa dhAraNa karIne mahArAja lIlAsanamAM siMha para beThelA siMhanAdanA jaTAmukuTanI pAchaLa kamaLapatranuM prabhAmaMDaLa kaMDAryuM che. temanI jaTAmAMthI chUTI paDIne skaMdha para patharAyelI laTamAM saikAo pachI paNa gupta kalAne prabhAva , TakI rahelo hovAnuM sUcave che. bodhisattvanI besavAnI chaTA, aMga para dhAraNa karelA vaividhyapUrNa alaMkAre, siMhanuM paraMparAgata paNa kALajIpUrvakanuM Alekhana, maroDadAra akSaromAM lakhAyela abhilekha vagerene kAraNe A mUrti anupama banI che. avalakitezvaranI mUrti paNa AvAM ja lakSaNo dharAvatI sarasa pratimA che. mahobAmAMthI

Page #194
9H pUrva-madhyakAlIna zilpalA 15 maLelI bauddha devI tArA ane gautama buddhanI pratimAo paNa madhyakAlIna bauddha kalAnA suMdara namUnAo che. emAM buddhanA mastaka paranuM lagabhaga mukuTaghATanuM uSNIza, mUrtinI pATalI paranuM ane pITha pAchaLanuM rUpAMkana samRddha ane mohaka che. buMdela khaMDamAM AvelA cedi dezanAM 10 mI 11 mI sadInAM zilpomAM aMga vinyAsanI bAbatamAM AdivAsI saMskRtinI asara jovA maLe che. haihaya ke cedi rAjyanI zilpakRtiomAM rUpAMkana bharacaka ThAMselAM che. khajurAhonAM zilpa ane haihaya zilpa vacceno mukhya taphAvata e che ke khajurAhanA kalAkAroe muzkelIo dUra karIne kalAmAM navInatA lAvavAno prayatna karyo che, jyAre haihaya zailImAM kalAkAre navIna samasyAone prAcIna rUDhione AdhAre hala karatA hovAnuM lAge che. caMdrahimAMthI maLela bArasAkha paranAM gaMgA-yamunAnAM ane viMTala paranAM gaNeza, lakSmI tathA sarasvatInAM aMzamUta zilpo, sahAgapuranA virATezvara maMdiranA maMDapamAMnAM surasuMdarIonAM zilpAMkana temaja zivanuM catura-nRtya-dazya, jabalapura pAse bheDAghATanA cosaTha yoginI maMdiramAMnI ghaMTAlI, zakinI, phaNendrI, vaiSNavI, bhISaNI, darpa hArI, jAhnavI, uttAlA, gAMdhArI, vagere nAmAMkanayukata yoginI pratimAo tathA tyAMthI nRtyagaNezanI pratimA, sohAgapuramAMthI maLela yoga-narasiMha, viSNu, zeSazAyInI mUrtio tathA zrIkRSNanI bALalIlAnAM dazyo dharAvatI lAMbI paTTIo vagere haihaya zailInAM uttama daSTAMta gaNAya che. 5) gujarAta-rAjasthAna-mALavA A vistAramAM A kAla daramyAna bhASA ane kalAmAM paNa lagabhaga samAna svarUpa pravartatuM hatuM, tethI bhASAnI jema A pradezanI zilpazailI "mAru-gurjarIlI" nAme oLakhAvA lAgI che. gujarAtanA siddharAja ane kumArapALa jevA samartha rAjavIonI ANa gujarAta uparAMta rAjasthAna ane mALavAnA keTalAka bhAgo para pravartatI hatI. AthI parasparanA prabhAvathI eka samAna kalAzailIno prAdurbhAva ane prasAra thayo hovAnuM jaNAya che. gujarAtanA cAlukayo, rAjasthAnanA cauhANo ane mALavAnA paramAronA protsAhanathI sthApatyanI sAthe zilpakalAnAM vikAsane bhAre vega maLyo. A zailInAM zilpo sajIva, suDoLa ane tatkAlIna laghucitrAmAM jovA maLe che evI lAMbI aNiyALI kIkIsahita kotarelI AMkha jevAM tarI AvatAM lakSaNo dharAve che. alabatta, sthAnika vezabhUSA jevI lAkSaNikatAonA saMdarbhamAM A zailInA prAdezika peTA prakAro paNa pADI zakAya ema che. gujarAtanAM 11mI sadInAM zilpa sapramANa deha alaMkArayukata, dvibhaMga ke tribhaMgavALAM nAjuka jaNAya che. alaMkAro, deharacanA, kezagUMphana vagere aneka

Page #195
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpaphlA bAbateAmAM paraMparAgata aMze sacavAyA che. meADherAnAM zilpA AnAM sArAM udAharaNa che. 12mI sadInAM zilpAmAM nAjakatAnuM sthAna hRSTapuSTa aMgavinyAsa levA lAge che. vaLI temanAM para AbhUSaNonuM pramANa paNa vadhe che. caulukayakAlIna zilpAmAM lAMbA samayanI kalA sAdhanAne laIne mRdutA, lAvaNya ane lAlitya jovA maLe che. emAM bIjI bAju emAM bhAvavyaMjanAnuM pramANa ghaTatuM jaNAya che. siddhapuranA rudramahAlaya mADherAnuM sUrya maMdira ane AbunuM vimalavasahi A kAlanA pUrvArdhanI zilpakalAnAM ane seAmanAtha, gaLatezvara, dhumalInA navalakhA tathA vastupAla-tejapAle baMdhAvelAM Abu, giranAra, ane zaMtrujaya paranAM maMdiro vagere uttarArdha nI zilpa zailInAM ghotaka che. vaDanagara, kapaDava'ja ane siddhapuranAM raNe| tathA IDara tathA jhijhuvADAnA killA paranAM pravezadvAro temanI zilpasajAvaTane laIne prakhyAta che. A zilpAmAM mukhyatve hiMdu ane jaina devadevIo najare paDe che. uparAMta maMdira paranI dIvAlA paranA tharomAM tatkAlIna samAjanI anekavidha pravRttio, zikAra, yuddho, kustI, musApharI, dhArmika carcA paurANika kathAprasa MgA nRtya, gIta, vAdana ane kAmazAstranAM daSTAMta jevAM bhAgAsanAnAM zilpa suMdara rIte kaMDArAyAM che. rUpAMkanamAM prANIonI AkRtie maneAhara banI che. 186 moDherAnA sUryama MdiramAM nRtya karatI devAMganAo, devo, prasaMgakathAe, temaja suzobhanAnuM Alekhana khUba vigata pUrNa ane samRddha che. somanAtha madiranI chatanuM kAlimana karatA kRSNanuM dazya, AbunA vimalavasahi ma MdiranI chatanu hiraNyakazipune mAratA narasiMhanu dazya ane AbunA lUNavasiMhanI chatamAMnuM ariSTaneminA jIvana prasaMgAne vyakata karatuM varayAtrAnuM dazya; bheAInA daravAjA paranuM amRtamaMthananuM dazya, ane tyAMthI maLela ane baroDA myujhiyamamAM surakSita anekabhujadevInI pratimA; kheDabrahmAnA 5khanAtha zivAlayanA gavAkSanIM naTeza-zivapratimA, kherALunI sUrya pratimA vagere gujarAtanI soMlaMkIkAlIna kalAnA uttama namUnA gaNAya che. AbunA vimalavasahi maMdiranI vitAnAnI bArIka kotaraNI addabhuta che. ArasamAM kamaLanI pAMkhaDIonuM nirUpaNa tenI bArIka pAradarzaka kotaraNI kalAkAranI siddhahastatA, asAdhAraNa dhIraja ane rUpAMkana aMgenI UMDI sUjha mAgI le che. A maMdiranuM bArIka kAma jotAM kArIgaronA hAthamAM Arase jANe gaLIne mINanu svarUpa dhAraNa karyuM hoya ema lAge che. tyAMnuM vimaLazAhe baMdhAvela vimalavasahi ane enA jevuM ja tejapAle baMdhAveluM lUNavasahi bhAratanI amUlya kalA-nidhi gaNAya che. lUNavasiMhamAM aMdaranI bAjue deva-devIe, apsarAe, saMgItama`DaLIe paurANika prasaMgo ane velabuTTAnI sajAvaTamAM zilpIoe ajoDa zilpa-kauzala

Page #196
9H pUrva-madhyakAlIna zilpakalA dAkhavyuM che. maMdirane ardha-khIlela kamaLa jevA ghATano kendrIya ghuMmaTa adUbhuta che. tenI pAMkhaDIo eTalI pAtaLI pAradarzaka ane kuzaLatApUrvaka karelI che, ke tene jotAM prekSaka maMtramugdha banI jAya che. rAjasthAnamAM caMdrAvatI, nADola, sAdaDI, rANakapura, kirADu, bikAnera, vagere sthAnethI mukhyatve jaina dharmane lagatAM zilpa maLyAM che. caMdrAvatImAMthI maLelI ane hAla sviTjharalenDanA jhurica myujhiyamamAM surakSita tIrthaMkara pratimA 10mI sadInA aMtanI ke 11 mI sadInA AraMbhanI caMdrAvatInI zilpakalAne manohara namUno che. bikAneramAMthI maLela jaina devI sarasvatInI mUrti noMdhapAtra che. tribhaMgamAM UbhelAM devInA nIcenA bhAgamAM baMne bAjue eka eka vINAvAdinI kanyA ane devInA mastakanI baMne bAjue eka eka mAlAdhara gaMdharva jovA maLe che. devIe potAnA cAra hAthamAM anukrame mALAyukata varada mudrA, kamaLa, pustaka ane jaLapAtra dhAraNa karela che. AbhUSaNomAM ratnajaDita mukuTa, kuMDaLa, be hAMsaDIo, lAMbI paMcaserI. mALA, bhAre bAjubaMdha, babbe valayo, pahoLo kaTibaMdha, alaMkRta kaTimekhalA ane pagamAM traNa seravALAM sAMkaLA paheryA che. devInA mastaka pharatuM prabhAmaMDaLa ane enI cheka upara javAlAkAra kamAna kaMDArI che. devInA paga pAse aMjalimudrAmAM beThela daMpatInI AkRti mUrti bharAvanAra dAtAnI hovAnuM jaNAya che. Asanana nIce vAhana haMsa khUba nAnA kadamAM kaMDAryuM che. sapheda ArasanI A lAvaNyamayI pratimAmAM alaMkAro khUba kALajIpUrvaka kaMDAryA che. A mUrti 12mI sadInI pazcima. bhAratIya kalAne sarasa namUno gaNAya che. bikAnera pAse rAjoragaDhamAMthI maLeluM eka suMdara strI-mastaka manohara kezaracanAne laIne bhAre prazaMsA pAmyuM che. 12mI sadInA A zilpamAM mastaka para AgaLanA bhAgamAM seMthInI baMne bAjue cAracAra goLAkAra gucchA rAkhavA, bAkInA vALane pAchaLa aMboDAmAM gUMthI enA para puSpagucchanI sajAvaTa karavI, kAnanI AgaLanA vALane AgaLanI bAju goLa kalAtmaka vaLAMka Apavo ane mastaka para dhAraNa kareluM mukatAbharaNa vagere A zilpanA lAvaNyamAM anupama vadhAro kare che. mALavAmAM paramAronA Azraye sAhitya ane kalAno vikAsa thayo hato. paramAra nareza bhAjadeve dhArAnagarInA sarasvatI maMdiranA mukhya khaMDamAM sthApelI sarasvatInI mUrti mALavAnI lAlityapUrNa zailIne sarvottama namUno che. udayapuramAM udayAditye .. baMdhAveluM nIlakaMTha ke udayezvara maMdira paNa A zailInAM zilpa dharAvatuM 11mI sadInA . madhyanuM vikhyAta maMdira che. mALavAnAM zilpomAM khajurAho ane gujarAtanAM zilpAno . prabhAva spaSTa jaNAya che.

Page #197
188 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA 6) dakhkhaNa A kAla daramyAna dakhkhaNamAM uttarakAlIna cAlukayA ane yAdavonuM sthApatya ane zilpakalAne protsAhana prApta thayuM hatuM. kalyANInA (uttarakAlIna) cAlukayonAM smArakonAM aMgabhUta zilpomAM viziSTa zilpazailI pAMgarelI jaNAya che. pUrvavartI pazcimI cAlukaya kalAne mukAbale AkRti* enI AsapAsa suzobhana-sajAvaTa vadhI gayelI daSTigeAcara thAya che. vastrAbhUSaNanI sajAvaTa, kezaracanA,puSpachatra, vAdaLAM, pazu-pakSIonI puSpAMkita pUMchaDIo, lAMbA mukhavALuM makarane maLatuM bhUMDAkRti vilakSaNa prANI vagere uttarakAlIna cAlukaya zailInAM lakSaNo che. chatAmAM kaMDArelA dipAle, pITha paranA tharamAM kaMDArelAM vAmaNA kadanAM prANIo, pakSIe, manuSyA ane vAdyakAro, staMbhanA brakeTa paranI madanikA vagere maneAhara zilpA kuruvaTTi, nUra, haverI, gaDaga, belagAma, IAgI Adi sthAnAnAM maMdiromAM jovA maLe che. AmAM paNa iAgInA mahAdeva madiranI chata ane dvArazAkhAonAM rUpAMkanane laIne sthApatya sAthe zilpanA apUrva samanvaya racAyA che. tethI e madiranA abhilekhamAM ene mATe prayojela samAsa levAlayana vatI '(devAlayeAmAM samrATa) dakhkhaNamAM tatkAlIna maMdironA saMdarbhamAM sAka thatA jaNAya che. devagirimAMthI zAsana karatA yAdave| vidyA ane kalAnA protsAhaka hatA. rAjA mahAdeva ane rAmacaMdra(13 mI sadI)nA ma`trI hemAdrie karAvelAM saMkhyAbaMdha maMdiro para zilpA khIcAkhIca kAMDArelAM che. A zilpA samakAlIna uttarakAlIna cAlukaya zilpAne anusaratAM jaNAya che. 7) dakSiNa bhArata prastuta kAlamAM telaMgaNanA kAkartIyA, mAyasAranA hAyasALA ane tAMjoranA cALAnA protsAhanathI pAMgarelI zilpakalA noMdhapAtra che. telaMgaNa pradezamAM kAkatIya sthApatyomAM jovA maLatAM zilpAnI zailI bAdAmInA pazcimI cAlukayAnI kalAparaMparAne anusaratI jaNAya che. samakAlIna samIpa vatI hAyasALa kalAne mukAbale A zilpakalA sAdI chatAM ThIkaThIka alaMkArapUrNa che. kAkatIya rAjadhAnI vara`galamAMthI maLelu' ane hAla dilhInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM surakSita eka vizALa li Tala noMdhapAtra che. ahIM makaratAraNa ghaNI bArikAIthI ka DArAyu' * che. emAM ziva, brahmA ane viSNu traNeyanI nRtya karatI AkRtie manameAhaka che. pAlamapeTa, hanamakoMDa, pillalamaLI, nAgulapADa, mAcharlA, gurjhAlA, vagere sthAnAe - AvelAM kAkatIya maMdironAM rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata tathA purANeAnA kathA prasaMgene

Page #198
9H pUrva-madhyakAlIna zilpakalA 189 lagatAM dazyo paNa sarasa rIte kaMDArAyAM che. tripurA kam (karnala jillo)mAMthI maLela ane madrAsa myujhiyamamAM sacavAyela mahiSAsuramardinI durgAnI mUrti ane haidrAbAda myujhiyamamAM saMgRhita navagrahapaTTa A zailInA kalAtmaka namUnAo che. mAyasoranA holasALa mUlata: pazcimI cAlukayonA sAmaMta hatA. AthI emanI. kalAzailI cAlukaya dhATInI che. alabatta, heyasALa zailI maMdironI jema zilpa paNa viziSTa zailI dharAve che. sthULa deha, TUMkuM kada ane lagabhaga ghareNAMthI ladAyelAM hovA chatAM A mUrti zilpa AMkhane game evAM banyAM che. viSNuvardhane 12 mI sadInA pUrvArdha daramyAna karAvelAM saMkhyAbaMdha maMdire paikI velApura(velUra) ane dvArasamudra(halebIDa)nAM maMdiro temanAM pITha ane maMDovara paranI dIvAlo paranI zilpasajAvaTane laIne prasiddha che. hAthIo, makara, haMsa, ghoDesavAro, gajasavAro vagerenA thara mUrtividhAnanI vigate sahita sarasa rIte kaMDAryA che. darpaNamAM pratibiMbita thatA potAnA rUpa para ovArI jatI, kAMDA para beThelA popaTa sAthe guphatego karatI, snAna pachI vastraparidhAna karatI, nRtyanuM eka dazya pUruM karyA. pachI virAma letI, taMtuvAghanA tArane cheDatI, priyatamane mATe suvAsita puSpo cUMTavA kadabavRkSa nIce UbhelI navayauvanAnI A vividha saMsAralIlAo halebIDanA kalAsiddhoe khUba dhIraja ane kauzalapUrvaka kaMDAryA hovAthI zilpa manamohaka banyAM che. vaLI halebIDanA nRtya karatA gaNeza, nRtya karatAM sarasvatI, gajendramokSa ane, gajAtaka hoyasALa zailInAM utkRSTa zilpa gaNAya che. belUranAM zilpo paikI govardhanadhArI kRSNanuM zilpa sarasa namUno che. somanAthapuranuM maMdira nAnuM chatAM zi95nI. vigatonI bAbatamAM ati samRddha che. A maMdironuM veNugopAlanuM zilpa velUranA govardhanadhArInA zilpane maLatuM Ave che. sudUra dakSiNamAM 10mI sadI daramyAna pallava zilpakalAnA prabhAvavALI caLa zi95kSAno vikAsa thayo hato, jenuM svarUpa gayA prakaraNamAM tapAseluM che. prastuta kAlamAM A coLa zilpazailI enA vikAsanI carama sImAe pahoMcI. 11mI sadInA pUrvAdhamAM coLasamrATa rAjarAja ane rAjendra baMdhAvelAM mahAmaMdiromAM enA utkRSTa namUnA daSTigocara thAya che. AmAM paNa rAjarAje tAMjoramAM baMdhAvela bRhadIzvara maMdira ane tenA putra rAjendra gaMrgakaoNDaLamamAM karAvela gaMgakoMDALezvara maMdira ceLa zilpakalAnA adbhUta khajAnArUpa che. cALa zilpamAM brahmA, viSNu, lakSmI kRSNa, ziva, naTarAjanI mUrtio, RSio, deva-devIo, rAjA rANInI pratimAo uparAMta maMdiranA staMbha paranuM suMdara nakazIkAma prazasanI che. mUrtizilpo lAvaNyapUrNa ane bhAvavAhI hovAthI jIvaMta lAge che.

Page #199
AIN Bouilly 43 paTTa 13 caDaMzAnugrahasmRti (gaDIkAMDaceALapurama )

Page #200
9H pUrva-madhyakAlIna zilpakalA 191 tAMjoramAM parAkramI puruSa mATe yogya tAlamAnavALAM, mUrti zAstrIya vigatethI bharapUra ane zivanAM tripurAMtaka, kAlAMtaka ane kirAtAnugraha jevAM parAkrama pUrNa svarUpo para vizeSa bhAra apAyo che. gaMgeMkaDoLezvaramAM zivanA gaMgAdhara svarUpa para khAsa lakSya apAyuM che. rAjendra ceLanA hAthe parAjaya pAmI khaMDiyA banelA uttaranA rAjAoe coLa samrATane upahAramAM mokalela gaMgAjaLanA prasaMganuM AmAM sUcana raheluM jaNAya che. A maMdiranA eka gokhalAmAM caMDezAnugrahamUrti (AkRti 43) che. emAM caMDeza svarUpe rAjA pote zivanA paga pAse vinIta bhAve aMjalimudrAmAM beTho che. ziva pote enA mastaka para jayamALA karaMDamukuTa svarUpe bAMdhI rahyA che. kalAtmakatA ane bhAvavyaMjanAnI daSTie A zilpa ajoDa che. A maMdiranAM keTalAMka zilpo rAjendra jItelA vividha pradezonI kalAnA Adarzo ane emanI paraMparAne apanAvyAnA daSTAMta-rUpa che. emAM dADhIvALA brahmA ane navagrahapaTTa spaSTata: uttara bhAratIya svarUpa dharAve che. dakSiNamAM navagraho paikInA aMgAraka (maMgaLa), budha, bRhaspati ane zanizvarane cAra hAthavALA batAvavAno cAla hato. ene badale ahI uttara bhAratIya paraMparA anusAra badhA ja grahadevatAone dvibhuja batAvyA che. tiruvADI ane pazupatikovilanA bradhrA, kaDiyUranA ziva, mAthuranA mANUranAtha maMdiramAMnA AliMgana caMdrazekhara tathA dArAsuram nuM "nityavinoda" (zAzvata nRtya-saMgIta)nuM dazya mUrtividhAna, rUpAMkana ane kalAtmakatAnI bAbatamAM khyAti prApta zilpo che. rAjendranA samayamAM maMdironA maMDapane rathanuM svarUpa ApavAnA khyAlathI bahAranI dIvAla para meTAM cakro ane azvonuM suzobhana umerAyuM, jemAMthI preraNA meLavIne orissAnA koNAraka maMdirane sUryanA bhavya rathane ghATa apAyo hato. uttara-coLakAlIna 12 mI 13 mI sadInAM zilponA sarasa namUnA cidaMbaramanAM gopuranA gavAkSomAM kaMDArelA vRSavAhana kalyANasuMdara, vINAdhara, tripurAtaka vagere mUrti zilpamAM jovA maLe che. e gepuronA nRtyathara kalAtmaka hovA uparAMta bharatamuninA "nATayazAstramAM varNita nRtyamudrAonI vyAkhyA prastuta kare che. emAM paNa hasta, karaNa, sthAna ane aMgahArone lagatAM spaSTIkaraNa vizeSa mahattva dharAve che. A nRtya-paTTa tatkAlIna nRtyakalAnA utkarSanA purAvArUpa che. dArAsuramAMthI maLelAM zaMkha ane padmanAM suMdara mAnuSAkAra Alekha, cAmaradhArI devI, zarabha, nandikezvara, nAgarAja agatya, gajAMtaka vagere noMdhapAtra zilpa maLyAM che. RSipatnI ane bhUtagaNe sahitane kaMkAlasamUha tyAMnuM uttama zilpa gaNAya che. e samUhamAMnI be yuvAna kanyAonAM deha parathI sarI jatAM vastro batAvavAmAM kalAkAre bhAre kauzala batAvyuM che. paTTIzvarama, tiruvalaMjuLI, triviDemaruDUra, tirucaMgATTAMguDI jevAM sthAneAethI paNa dakSiNI kalAsiddhonI kaurtirUpa eLakalAnAM saMkhyAbaMdhe zilpo maLI AvyAM che. uttarakAlamAM coLakalAno prabhAva pAMDya ane vijayanagaranI kalA para paDela jovA maLe che.

Page #201
pariziSTa 1. mATInAM pakavelAM zilpa mATInA mAdhyamathI zilpa banAvavAnI kalpanA kadAca mANasane enI sabhyatAnA AraMbhanA divasamAM AvelI hatI ane Aja dina sudhI aviratapaNe A paraMparA cAlu rahI che. bhAratamAM A kalAno prasAra dakSiNanI apekSAe uttaramAM adhika thayelo jovA maLe che. enI pAchaLa sAmAnya mANasa paNa mATInA mAdhyamathI potAnI kalApratibhA batAvI zake evI cikaNI mATInI uttara bhAratanAM medAnomAM thatI upalabdhi hovAnuM jaNAya che. mATImAM bahu sahelAIthI ghATa nIpajAvI zakAto hovAne laIne taddana prAthamika avasthAnA mAnavothI mAMDIne sabhya mAnavanI sarjanAtmaka jhaMkhanAne emAM AkAra apAyA che. mATImAM ghATa pAmelA AkAronuM vaividhya gharagaththu cIjavastuo ke ramakaDAM pUratuM sImita na rahetAM moTA kadanAM pUrNa mUrta ke aMzamUrta zilpo sudhI vistareluM jovA maLe che. paththaranAM zilponI jema mATInAM zilpo paNa lAMbA kAla sudhI jaLavAI rahetAM hovAthI ghaNA prAcIna samayamAM kAcI temaja pakavelI mATInAM zilpanA avazeSa vipula pramANamAM upalabdha thayA che. bhAratamAM sarva prathama Agha-tihAsika kAlanAM mATInAM pakavelAM zilpa kulI, jhoba, kaveTA temaja siMdhu khINanI sabhyatAnAM sthAnamAMthI maLI AvyAM che. A zimAM sthAnika lokakalAnuM pratibiMba paDe che. A ane uttarakAlanAM zilpa parathI jaNAya che ke samAjanA upalA staranI viziSTa mAganA saMdarbhamAM utkRSTa prakAranAM pASANa ane dhAtunAM zilpone poSaNa maLatuM hatuM, jyAre samAjanA nIcalA staranI pracaMDa mAgane mATInAM zilpo pUrI pADatAM hovAthI e staramAM lokakalA svarUpe ene vikAsa thato hate. (1) prakAra ane nirmANa-paddhati sAmAnya janasamAjanI jarUriyAtane piSaka lokakalAnA A prakAranA zilpavaibhava vaividhyapUrNa che. gharagaththu upayoga mATe, devasevA ke pUjana arthe, gRhasajAvaTa mATe, bALakone ramavAnAM ramakaDAM tarIke ane jaMtaramaMtaranA prayojanathI mATInAM zilponuM nirmANa thayeluM jovA maLe che. videzo sAthenA vyApAra vinimayamAM mATImAMthI banAvelI mudrAone upayoga thato. temAM paNa prajAjIvananA unmeSa

Page #202
pari. 1H mATInAM pakavelAM zika pratibiMbita thatA. AmAM garIba loko paNa mATInAM ghareNAM paherI saMtoSa mAnatA. mATInI ImAratamAM pakavelI mATInAM zilpa-suzobhana mUkI ImAratanI bhArekhama sAdAIne haLavI banAvAtI. Adya-tihAsika kAlanAM mATInAM pakavelAM zilponuM varNana agAu karavAmAM AveluM che. etihAsika kAlanI mATInAM pakavelAM zilponI kalA Adya-tihAsika kAlanA enA svarUpathI AkAranI cokasAI ane racanApaddhatinI bAbatamAM judI paDavA chatAM e kAlanI cAlI AvelI lokakalA tarIke tenuM sAtatya cheatyAra sudhI jaLavAI raheluM jovA maLe che. ethI kalA vivecaka sTelA kemarize A prakAranAM mATInAM zilpane kAlAtIta(ageless) tarIke varNa vyAM che. paNa e uparAMta samayanI mAga pramANe ghaDAyelAM zilpane prakAra paNa vikasyo che jene sTelA kemarize kAlAdhIna ke kAlAnukramI (Timed variation) kahyAM che. lokakalAne prathama prakAra bhAratIya kalAnA itihAsanA abhyAsamAM bIjA prakAranA jeTalo ja mahattvanuM che, kAraNa ke te pAyAnI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. lokakalAnAM A zilpomAM zArIrika racanA para dhaDa, mAthuM, hAtha ane paga jevAM zarIranAM mahattvanAM aMga para dhyAna kendrita kareluM jaNAya che. mATInA loMdAne sAhajikatA pUrvaka hAtha vaDe dabAvI dhaDanuM nirmANa karI, te para alaga alaga banAvelA mAthu, hAtha, paga, vagere coMTADI Akhe deha racavAmAM Ave che. aMga, hoTha, kAna, nAka, nAbhi, vALa vagere upAMgonI racanA te para kApA pADIne ke nAnI nAnI TIkaDIo cuMTADIne racavAmAM Ave che. e ja rIte deha para AbhUSaNonI sajAvaTa paNa darzAvavAmAM Ave che. A racanA-paddhatine "mUrtana-paddhati" (Modeling) paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. AvA mUrtanamAM kalAkAranI kalpanA, pratibhA ane sauMdaryabodha badhuM enI kSamatA anusAra vyakata thAya che. tethI A prakAre banelI dareka mati potAnI vizeSatA dharAvatI hoya che. A prakAranAM zilpamAM strI-dehanAM zilpanI vipUlatA jovA maLe che. emAM strIonAM nitaMba bhAre, stanabhAga unnata ane saMpUrNa goLa, tathA udara paranI villi temaja nAbhinuM Alekhana Adya-tihAsika kAlanI mAtRdevIne maLatuM Ave che. lokakalAnA A prakAre karelAM prANIzilpomAM azva, gaja, bakarA tathA gheTAnuM bAhulya jovA maLe che. temanA dehanA avayavonA nirmANamAM bahudhA naLAkAra, zaMkuAkAra ane bhaumitika AkRtionA ghATano upayoga thato jaNAya che. emanuM racanA-vidhAna mAnava zilponA jevuM ja hoya che. A prANI zilpono devane arpaNa karavA bAdhA tarIke paNa upayoga thato.

Page #203
194 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA devanAM vAhana tarIke paNa e pUjAtAM. A vAhano judA judA grAmadevatAonAM pratIka hovAnuM manAya che. prAcIna kALamAM kAlAtIta prakAranAM zilpanirmANanAM aneka kendro jANamAM AvyAM che. paMjAbanuM takSazilA, uttara pradezanAM mathurA, bhITA, rAjaghATa, zrAvatI, ahicchatra, kauzAmbI, madhya pradezamAM gavAliyara pAsenuM padmAvatI; bihAranAM pATaliputra, bakasAra, vaizAlI tathA baMgALanA tAmralipti(tAluka), mahAsthAna vagere enAM mukhya kendra hatAM. dakSiNa bhAratamAM haidarAbAda vistAramAMthI paNa A prakAranAM zilpa maLyAM che. kAlAdhIna zilpa bIbAmAM DhALIne banAvavAmAM AvelAM che, AmAM pahelAM koI paNa zilpa para bhInI mATI dabAvIne enI chApa levAmAM AvatI. tene agnimAM pakAvatAM tenuM bIbuM taiyAra thatuM A bIbAmAM mATInA ladA dabAvI emAMthI upasAvela zilpa prApta thatuM. tene jarUriyAta mujaba saphAibaMdha ane suzobhanayukata karavAmAM AvatuM. Ama bIbAnI madadathI eka ja svarUpanAM asaMkhya zilpa prApta thatAM. AmAM kalAnuM tattva jenA parathI bIbuM banAvAtuM e zilpanI racanA para AdhArita rahetuM. zilpa banAvavAmAM ekavaDAM ke bevaDAM bIbAMono prayoga thato. ekavaDA bIbAthI aMzamUrta zilpa taiyAra thatuM, jayAre bevaDA bIbAthI pUrNa mUrta zilpa taiyAra thatuM. bevaDA bIbAthI zilpa bhAre vajananAM banatAM. AthI enuM vajana ghaTADavA mATe AgaLa ane pAchaLanAM be bIbAMonI madadathI zilpane be bhAgamAM taiyAra karI pachIthI tene joDavAmAM AvatuM, jethI emAM vacce polANa rahetAM zilpanuM vajana ghaTI jatuM. Aje A bevaDA bIbAnI paddhatie mATInAM ramakaDAM bane che. jo ke prAcIna kAlamAM mukhyatve ekavaDA bIbAne prayoga thato. kAlAtIta ane kAlAdhIna baMne prakAranAM zilpAne agnimAM pakavatAM pahelAM temanA para mATInuM pAtaLuM astara lagAvavAmAM AvatuM, jethI pAkayA pachI temanA para camaka AvatI. judI judI rIte pakavavAthI e zilpo judA judA raMga dhAraNa karatAM. keTalAMka zilpa para pachIthI raMga karelo paNa jovA maLe che. kAlAdhIna prakAranAM zilponA prAraMbhika kakSAnA be namUnA mathurAmAMthI maLI AvyA che. baMne namUnA strIdehanA che. dehabhAga capaTo ane sapATa temaja peTa, lita ba ane stanapradezanI bhAre racanA e tenI vizeSatA che. pahelo namUno muMbaInA prinsa opha velsa myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta che. tenA hAtha sivAyanAM aMgopAMga yathAvata che. ene deha bhAre alaMkArathI ladAyelo che. enA mastakanI pAchaLa prabhAvalI jevI cakrAkAra racanAmAMthI vALanI laTo khabhA para laTakatI darzAvI che. keDane pharatI bhAre

Page #204
pari. 1H mATInAM pakavelAM zi vajanadAra kaTimekhalA eNe dhAraNa karI che. paga sIdhA ane TaTAra che. jaMghA bhAge te saheja lacaka le che. bIbAM DhALa mastaka para khullI AMkhe, pahoLuM nAka ane phADane ughADa ApatI labonI jADAI nedhapAtra che. ene samagra deha bIbAmAM DhALIne banAvelo che ane e ja rIte alaga DhALIne banAvelA alaMkArothI ene sajAve che. bIjo nam ne besTana(yu. esa. e)nA phAIna ArTsasa myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. tene jamaNo paga ane DAbo hAtha khaMDita che. tenI racanAzailI uparokata zilpa jevI ja che paNa alaMkAronI haLavAza ene ThIka ThIka sAro uThAva Ape che. sTelA ke marize pahelA zilpane I. sa. pUrve 200 AsapAsanuM gaNAvyuM che, jyAre bIjA zilpane AnaMdakumAra svAmIe mauryakAlanuM (I. sa. pUrve 250nA arasAnuM) batAvyuM che. 2) mauryakAla deharacanA ane bhAvavyaMjanAnI bAbatamAM mauryakAlIna zilpo enAM pUrvakAlIna zilpa karatAM judAM paDI Ave che. A zilpo kadamAM ghaNAM nAnAM che ane mauryonI rAjadhAnI pATaliputramAMthI vipula saMkhyAmAM maLI AvyAM che. pATaliputranagaranA prAcIna kASThakoTanA avazeSo, je bulaMdIbAga nAmanA sthaLethI maLyA, e ja sthaLethI A prakAranAM zilpo, khAsa karIne UbhelI avasthAmAM be strIm rtio tathA be mastako-utpananamAMthI maLI AvyAM che. strImUrtio paikInI eka hAthakArIgarInI che ane te judAM judAM aMgone joDIne banAvelI che ane tyAra bAda bhaThThImAM pakavelI che. eNe aMga para bhAre alaMkAra dhAraNa karyA che. bIjI strImUrtinI dehalatA pAtaLI, suDoLa ane AchAM ghareNAM dhAraNa karatI darzAvI che tethI emAM zailInI vikAsakSamatA najare paDe che. A baMne strIo nartakIo ke nATyazAstranI abhyAsI strIonI jaNAya che. pahelI mUrti (AkRti 44) haDappIya sabhyatAmAMthI prApta mAtRdevInI pUtaLIo sAthe keTaluMka sAmya dharAve che. upalabdha mastako paikI eka mastaka para viziSTa prakAranuM banne bAju vITAvALuM ziroveSNana AveluM che. enI mukharacanA uparokata strImUrti nA mukha sAthe sAmya dharAve che. bIju mastaka nAnA bALakanuM lAge che, jenA mukha para mugdhabhAva jhalake che. paTanAnA bhikanApahArI nAmanA vistAramAMthI beThelI avasthAmAM AlekhAyeluM yogInuM eka zilpa paNa maLI AvyuM che. vaLI kuMDA-ghATa ane dhAtupAtra-ghATanAM be zilpa maLyAM che, je racanAzailIe uparanAM zilpAne maLatAM Ave che. gorakhapura ane bhikanApahArImAMthI paNa be mastako maLyAM che. gorakhapuranA mastaka paranI dADhI sApha karelI che. tenI nAsAgradaSTi AkarSaka che. bIjuM strImastaka che. tenA

Page #205
196 - bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA bharAvadAra gAla, goLa cibuka ane suMvALA hoTha strI sahaja mukhasauSThava abhivyakata kare che. tAluka (baMgALa)mAMthI maLeluM eka abhinava strI-zilpa ane bAMkurA jillA(baMgALa)nA pokharaNAmAMthI maLeluM strI-zilpa racanA-vidhAnanI daSTie bulaMdIbAganAM zilpa sAthe sAmya dharAve che. 1 gorakhapura pAsethI maLelA zilpamAM strIne dhaDabhAga jaLavAI rahyo che. dehasauSThavanI daSTie A zilpano aga, pRSTha ane pA bhAga sapramANa che. tene stanapradeza unnata che. nAbhi nIce eNe custa kamarabaMdha dhAraNa karyo che. kaTipradezathI saheja nIce bhAre vastrAlaMkAro paherelAM hovAthI vastro asala sthitimAMthI khasIne nitaMbapradezane khullo kare che. suDoLa udara ane bhAre nitaMbanuM sukha ane mArdavabharyuM Alekhana strIdehanI pUrNatA pragaTa kare che. tenA para alaga ghATa ApIne caDAvelA AkarSaka alaMkAranuM vaividhya tenA sauMdaryamAM vadhAro kare che. vastraparidhAnanI chaTA paNa abhinava ane cAru che. ratnajaDita kaTibaMdha, vividha bhAtavALI cAra sero dharAvatI kaTimekhalA ane DAbA khabhethI jamaNI keDa tarapha janoInI jema laMbAnuM viziSTa AbhUSaNa manorama che. dehanA uparano bhAga bArIka vastrathI DhaMkAyo che. sTelA ke marize A zilpane didAragaMjanI yakSiNInI zailInI hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che, paNa kAlanI daSTie A zilpa e yakSiNI-zilpa karatAM prAcIna che ane mauryakAlanA uttarArdhAnuM ke zuM kAlanA pUrvArdhAnuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. vidvAnene sAmAnya mata evo che ke je mATInAM zilpone deha ane mukha bIbAmAM DhALIne nIpajAvela hoya ane emanA para evAM ja bIbAMDhALa aMgaupAMga ane AbhUSaNa coTADelAM hoya te badhAM zilpa mauryakAlIna che. Ama chatAM zaMgakAlamAM paNa A rIte bIbAmAM DhALIne banAvelAM keTalAMka zilpa maLI AvyAM che. 3) anumauryakAla a) zRMga-kAvakAla nAnAM kadanAM phalako para zilponAM mukha tathA dehanAM upAMgo bIbAmAM DhALIne utAravAnI paddhati zuMga-kAva kAla(lagabhaga I.sa. pUrve 21 sadI)mAM astitvamAM AvI. paNa AmAM strImUrtinuM ja prAdhAnya rahyuM che. bhAratanA aneka pradezamAMthI A paddhatie AkAra pAmelAM zilpo maLI AvyAM che. AmAMnAM prAthamika prakAranAM zilpa A kAlanAM pASANazilpanI jema, kadamAM bhAre, rekhAmAM barachaTa ane zailImAM capaTApaNAnAM ghAtaka che, paraMtu dhIme dhIme A zilpAe adabhUta pragati sAdhI ane zailImAM sughaDatA, rekhAmAM mRdutA ane surekha uThAva niSpanna thavA lAgyo.

Page #206
pari. 1H mATInAM pakavelAM zika * kauzAMbI kasama) zuMgakAlIna zilpakalAnuM eka mahattvanuM kendra hatuM. ahIMthI maLela strImUrti A zailInuM eka utkRSTa udAharaNa che. aneka prakAranI maukitaka mALAonI enA AkhAya aMgane vibhUSita karela che. eNe kAnamAM ratnajaDita karNa phUla, gaLAmAM motIne kolara, hAra, hAthamAM koNI sudhI pahoMcatAM ratnajaDita valayo, bAjubaMdha ane bhAre kamarabaMdha ane kaTimekhalA dhAraNa karelAM che. kaTi nIcenAM vastra bArIka che. mUrtinA mukha para hAsya vilase che ane te nRtya mudrAmAM UbhelI che. ahIMthI maLela ApAnagoSThInuM dazya (AkRti 45) dharAvatI takatI paNa zuMgakalAnuM sarasa daSTAMta gaNAya che. tApralipti (tAluka) zuMgakAlIna zilpanuM bIjuM mahattvanuM kendra hatuM. ahIMthI prApta thayeluM eka strIzilpa A kAlanI zilpakalAne sarvottama namUno gaNAya che. eNe dhAraNa karelAM ghareNAMonuM bAhulya ane vaividhya dhyAnAkarSaka che. suMdara goLa mukha ane hAthapaganA thoDAka ja bhAga sivAya bAkInA dehano tamAma bhAga AbhUSaNothI khIcokhIca bharI dIdho che. enI ghUMTI nIceno bhAga khaMDita che. mastaka para dhAraNa karela traNa ziropTana viziSTa ghATanAM che. madhyamAM phUlabhAtanI pAMca serovALuM ardhavartuLAkAra vepTana che, bAjunAM be veSNana karatAM e kadamAM nAnuM che. DAbI bAjunA vepTana para motInI sero jaDelI che. jamaNI bAjunuM veSTana pAghaDIghATanuM che temAM pAMca pAMkhAmAM nIcethI upara jatAM 1) aMkuza, 2) trizULa, 3) parazu, 4) vaja ane 5) gadA UpasAvavAmAM AvyAM che. mastakanA AgalA bhAganI maukika mALA banne bAjunA vIMTAmAM cApaDAnI jema jaDelI che ane pAghaDanI seramAM makitaka paMkitao Avela che. tridalakarNa baMdha AkarSaka che. baMne khabhA para ratnapuSpajaDita vartuLAkAra AcchAdana che ane nIcenAM kUmatAM bAjue laTakatI ratnapaMkitao vaDe sajAvelAM che. gaLAmAMno motIne custa vividha phUlavelanI bhAtayukata kaMThahAra che. custa kamarabaMdha para thaIne mukatAmALA DAbA khabhAthI jamaNA khabhA tarapha laMbAya che. tenA dareka hAthamAM valayanI cAra paMkitao che. kaTimekhalAnI traNa hAra paikI uparanI be hAramAM pUrNa khIlelA phUlanI paMkita che. khabhAthI mAMDI DhIMcaNa sudhI pahoMcatA bArIka vastranI rekhAo cAru che ane temAM sauthI nIcenA che. manuSyAkRtinI bhAta tathA enI nIcenAM kUmatAM jaMghA bhAgane khAsa uThAva Ape che. A vastranI nIce pahereluM custa pAyajAmA jevuM bArIka vastra paNa noMdhapAtra che. tenI oDhaNInA cheDA hAtha para dekhAya che. sTelA kamarizane mate A

Page #207
5 14 44 strI-pUtaLI (paTaNA myujhiyama) 45 ApAnageAThI (kauzAmbI) 46 mastaka (mathurA) 47 mithunabhUti (ahicchatrA)

Page #208
pari. 10 mATInAM pakavelAM zi zilpa "apsarA'nuM che ane azvaghoSanA "saudarAnaMda' kAvyamAM AvatI mAyA nAmanI apsarAnuM varNana Ane baMdhabesatuM Ave che. che. jahonasTana A zilpane gaMgAnA mukhya pradezanI varSa ane phaLadrupatAnI devInuM hovAnuM dhAre che. AvuM ja eka bIjuM zilpa kosamamAMthI maLeluM, je kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. emAM mastaka para dhAraNa karela vepTana zuMgakAlIna ghaNAM pASANazilpa-sAMcI, bodhagayA vagere para jovA maLe che. Ane maLatuM AvatuM eka zilpa vaizAlI (basADha)mAMthI maLyuM che. A zilpa paMkhayukata devInuM che. devI kamaLa para UbhelAM che ane enI baMne bAjue kamaLanALa ane kamaLa jhUlI rahyAM che. tApraliptimAMthI AvuM ja eka pAMkhALA devanuM zilpa maLI AvyuM che, je hAla kalakattAnA AsutoSa myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta che. AI zaka-kuSANa kAlaH zaka kuSANa kAlanAM mATInAM zilpone vipula jaththo takSazilA(gaMdhAra zailI) ne mathurA(mathurA zailI)mAMthI maLe che. taduparAMta A prakAranAM zilpa kauzAMbI, bhITA, rAjaghATa, vaizAlI, vagere sthaLoethI paNa maLI AvyAM che. AmAM mathurAmAMthI maLelAM mastako(AkRti 46), rAjaghATamAMthI prApta thayela TriliMgI mAnavapuruSa ane pazu-strInuM mizrazilpa tathA bAnagaDhamAMthI maLela bANadhArI puruSaA kAlanAM uttama prakAranAM zilpa che. A kAlanAM mATInAM zilpamAM pASANa zilpanI paraMparA saMpUrNa AkAra pAmI che e tenI vizeSatA che. ahicchatrAmAMthI A kAlanI keTalIka takatIo maLI che jemAM mithuna zilpo kaMDArAyAM che. A badhAmAM premAsakitabhAva vyakata thAya che (AkRti 47). zAmaLAjI (gujarAta) pAse devInI morInI buddha mUrtio temaja ITa paranAM suzobhana kSatrapakAlIna(I. sa. nI 4thI sadInAM) che. emAM gaMdhAranI grIka-romana temaja madhyabhAratanI bharahuta, sAMcI, vagere sthaLonAM zilpanI zailInuM mizraNa najare paDe che. 4) gustakAla guptakAlamAM mATInAM badhAM zilpo ekavaDA bIbA vaDe banelAM che. emane phalako para banelAM aMzamUrta zilpa kahevAM vadhu yogya lAge che. upalabdha namUnAomAM sauthI vizeSa saMkhyA nAnA kadanI takatIonI che. rojiMdA mAnavajIvananuM Alekhana karatI AvI takatIonI vacamAM kANuM hoya che te parathI ene gharamAM dIvAla para suzobhanArthe laTakAvavAmAM AvatI hovAnuM anumAna karavAmAM AvyuM che. A takatIomAM tatkAlIna sAmAjika rUci, phezana ane mAnyatAonuM aMkana thayuM che. emAM paNa nArIjIvananAM judAM judAM rUponuM viziSTa aMkana thayuM

Page #209
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpaklA che. emAM alpAbharaNa dhAraNa karatI strIonuM naisargika unnata sauMdarya abhivyakata thAya che. emanA kezavinyAsamAM alaka laTo rAkhavI, vacce pAMthI pADIne uparanA bhAgamAM vALathI chaMtrAkAra banAvavo, baMne bhAganA vALanI goThavaNI karIne mastaka para mayUrapuccha ke madhapUDA jevo ghATa banAvavo, vagere vizeSa dhyAnapAtra che. puruSo mukhyatve nirAbharaNa ane kezavinyAsathI alaMkRta jovA maLe che. puruSamAM baMne tarapha laTakatAM gulaphAM rAkhavAne vizeSa pracAra najare paDe che. strI-puruSonAM ekAkI ane daMpatIrUpa krIDArata ke goSThI karatAM svarUpo uparAMta vArANasI pAse rAjaghATamAMthI maLelI takatIomAM daDo ke bIjI vastuo laI ramatAM bALakonAM dazya aMkita thayelAM che. prastuta kAlamAM devadevIonI svataMtra mUrtio paNa banI hatI. AvI mUrtio mukhyatve hAtha dvArA mUrtana-paddhatie banI che, paNa jarUriyAta anusAra emAM bIbAne prayoga paNa thayo che. kalAkAro bIbAonI madadathI judAM judAM aMge taiyAra karI hAtha ane charInI madadathI temane joDI temane alaMkAraNAdithI sajAvatA. A paddhatie manuSyakadathI paNa moTI mUrtio banAvavAmAM AvatI. AvI moTA kadanI mUrtionuM vajana ghaTADavA mATe teo sukAI gayelA chANa para bhInI mATInuM paDa karI tenA para mUrtana karatA. teo pAchaLa ke nIcenA bhAgamAM kANuM rAkhatA, AthI mUrtine pakAvatI vakhate aMdaranuM sukuM chANa baLI jatAM enI rAkha kANAmAMthI bahAra kADhI levAtI ane mUrti vaccethI polI thatAM tenuM vajana ghaTatuM. A paddhatie banAvelI mUrtio rAjaghATa, ahicchatrA vagere sthAnamAMthI maLelI che. AkhI mUrtiomAM mukhyatve chUTAM chavAyAM mastaka maLe che. emAM mukhAkRti para AdhyAtmika bhAva jaNAto nathI. alabatta, AMkha ane hoThomAM svAbhAvika bhAva jhalaka jovA maLe che. AmAM paNa uparokata nAnI takatIomAM jovA maLe che tevI kezavinyAsonI chaTA najare paDe che. AvAM be mastaka noMdhapAtra che. eka mastaka pavAyA (madhyapradeza)mAMthI ane bIjuM ahicchatra(uttarapradeza)mAMthI maLyuM che. temAMnA pahelAmAM puruSane cahero che, A caherAmAM AMkhanA popacAM DhaLelAM che. jANe ke te svapnAvasthAmAM na hoya! chatAM enAM paga, dADhI, hoTha, nasakorAM ane gAla vagerenI kArIgIrI ane rajUAta vadhAre svAbhAvika lAge che. bIjAmAM strIne cahero che. temAM strInuM lAlityamaya Alekhana thayuM che. A caherAne pArvatInA mukha tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. kavi kAlidAsanA kumArasaMbhavamAM pArvatInA tema ja meghadUtamAM yakSiNInAM deha-sauMdaryanuM je lAvaNyamaya varNana che. tene A maLatuM Ave che. vaLI mathurAmAMthI maLeluM ane lakhanI myujhiyamamAM surakSita

Page #210
pari. 1H mATInAM pakavelAM zi 201 zivanuM mastaka jANe e paththaranI mUrti hoya evuM suMdara banyuM che. ahicchatrAmAMthI eka zira-vihIna pIThAsanastha cAmuMDAnI mUrti paNa maLI che. ahIMthI maLelI ane hAla dilhInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM surakSita gaMgA ane yamunAnI manuSyakadanI mUrtio tyAMnA ziva maMdiranA uparanA bhAga para jatI sIDInI baMne bAjue caDelI hatI. kasiyAmAMthI maLelI ane lakhanI myujhiyamamAM surakSita manuSya kadanI strImUrti paNa dhyAnapAtra che. A strI be bALakone laIne beThelI che. aMdarathI polI ane pakAvyA vagaranI A mUrti para raMga karyAnAM cihna najare paDe che. guptakALathI sthApatyamAM mATIne upayoga tathA iMTonA caNataranI pravRtti vadhI hatI. pariNAme pakavelI mATInuM kalAkSetra vadhyuM hatuM. mATIkalA sthApatyanA suzobhanamAM vaparAvA lAgI. kotarelI iMTomAM manuSya ane pazuonI AkRtio ane velabuTTAnAM rUpAMkano thavA lAgyAM. AvI bhAta mukhyatve saharI bahalola, takhta bahAI, jamAlagaDhI (paMjAba), haravAna (kAzmIra), hanumAnagaDha, suratagaDha, raMgamahala, vArapAla (rAjasthAna), brAhmaNAbAda ane mIrapurakhAsa(siMdha) pavAyA(madhyapradeza), sAhetamAheta, kosama, bhitaragAMva, ahicchatrA, rAjaghATa, kasiyA (uttarapradeza) ane mahAsthAna, tAluka tathA bAgaDha(baMgALa)mAMthI maLI Avela che. dhArmika sthAna ane maMdironI dIvAlo zaNagAravA mATe vaparAtAM pakavelI mATInAM A vAstulako devI ane ardhadaivI AkRtio paurANika prasaMgo, lokakathAo ane dainika jIvananAM dazyo dharAve che. 5) guptattarakAla uttarakAlamAM paNa mATInAM pakavelAM zilpo banAvavAnI paraMparA cAlu rahI. emAM paNa ramakaDAM uparAMta dhArmika kArya mATe pakavelI mATInAM zilpono upayoga thato jovA maLe che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM Aje paNa mAnatA pUrI karavA mATe mATInAM ramakaDAM, ghoDA ane hAthI maMdira pAse mUkAtAM najare paDe che. maNAraguDInA kRSNa maMdiranI pratimA saMtAnagopAlane seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM bALakonI AkRtio arpaNa karavAmAM Ave che. A rIte bhAratanA anya bhAgomAM paNa mAtaMtA mATenAM ramakaDAM taiyAra karavAmAM Ave che. mahArASTramAM vinAyaka caturthIne divase mATImAMthI gajAnananAM pUrNam tuM ane aMzam rta ema baMne prakAranAM kalAtmaka zilpo banAvavAmAM Ave che. baMgALamAM sarasvatI ane durgApUjA vakhate mATInI bhavya mUrti karavAmAM Ave che.

Page #211
pariziSTa 2. dhAtu--zilpeA zilpAmAM dhAtunA prayoga paththara ane mATIne mukAbale AchA thayelA jovA maLe che. alabatta, dhAtuzilpA paNa cheka haDappA sabhyatAnA kAlathI maLe che, paNa tyAra bAda enA namUnA I. sa. pUrve 1lI sadIthI atyAra sudhI silasilAbaddha maLe che. 1) nirmANa-paddhati dhAtu-zilpA banAvavAnI paddhatinuM "mAnasAra" "abhilaSitA ciMtAmaNi" ane "mAnasAllAsa" jevA graMthAmAM varNana maLe che. A paddhatine "madhucchiSTa-- vighA" (Cire-perdue or lost-wax) kahevAmAM Ave che. bhAratamAM A paddhati cheka Adya-tihAsika kAlathI prayojAtI jovA maLe che. AmAM madhucchiSTa (mINa)mAM abhipreta zilpa hAthathI ghaDavAmAM AvatuM. tyAra pachI tenA para mATInuM jADuM paDa caDAvI ene devatA para pakavavAmAM AvatuM. AthI mATI pAkI thaI jatI ane tenI aMdaranuM mINa pIgaLIne nIkaLI jatAM, aMdara mINanA zilpanA ghATanuM peAlANa banatuM. emAM garama dhAtu reDIne ThAratAM aMdara dhAtuzilpa taiyAra thatuM. mATInA bIbA ke sAMcAne teDIne zilpa bahAra kADhI levAtuM ane tene jarUriyAta mujaba cheAlIne ke ghasIne dhAryA ghATa ane epa apAtA. AvA prakAranAM DhALelAM dhAtuzilpAnu vajana ghaTADavA mATe mINanI vacce mATInA eka aNaghaDa loMdo rAkhavAmAM Avato. AthI sAMcA pakavatI vakhate mINa pIgaLI jAya tyAre A leAMda pAkIne sAMcAmAM yathAvat rahI jatA. sAMcAmAM dhAtune DhALatAM A pakava loMdA jeTalI jagyA korI rahetI. A rIte dhAtu paNa ochI joItI ane zilpanuM vajana paNa ghaTatuM. Ama bhAratIya dhAtuzilpAmAM cheka prAcIna kAlathI "dhana" (nakkara) ane "suzira"(peAlAM) evA be prakAra najare paDe che. A paddhatie eka sAMcAthI kevaLa eka zilpa ja taiyAra thaI zakatu N. A kAmamAM nipuNa kalAkAro ane kArIgaro rokAyelA hatA. dakSiNa bhAratamAM te "sthapathI" tarIke oLakhAtA. tyAM 1phUTathI 5 phUTa UMcI mUrti e moTAM madiromAM khAsa karIne vArSika utsavA vakhate nIkaLatI devayAtrAmAM laI javA mATe upayogamAM levAtI. AvI mUrti ene "utsavamUti " kahevAmAM AvatI. te maMdiranI sevya pratimAo karatAM judI hatI. maMdiranI sevya pratimAo ha MmezAM pASANa ke kASThanI

Page #212
pari. 2 : dhAtuzi banelI rahetI. e moTA kadanI vajanadAra mUrtio devayAtrAmAM laIne pharavA mATe. agavaDarUpa banatI. jyAre dhAtu-pratimA mukAbale sagavaDa bharI hatI. khAnagI gharamAM upAsanA mATe aneka prakAranI nAnI nAnI dhAtum rtio banatI hatI. zilpa banAvavAmAM dhAtune prayoga cheka Agha-tihAsika kAlathI thato jovA maLe che. mohejo-daDomAMthI maLelI kAMsAnI nartikA ane bheMsane ullekha prakaraNa-2 mAM thayela che. tyArabAda mauryottara kAla pahelAM dhAtuzilpo vize kaMI jANakArI upalabdha thatI nathI. keTalAka vidvAna loriyA-naMdanagaDha(bihAra)mAMthI maLela takatI para thayelA nArIaMkanane aMtihAsika kAlanuM prAcInatama dhAtuzilpa gaNAve che ane Ane I. sa. pUrve 3 jI sadInuM dhAre che, paraMtu bahusaMkhyaka vidvAno A prakAranI suvarNatakatIone zilpanI apekSAe AbhUSaNonI zreNImAM mUke che. ahIM etihAsika kAlanAM keTalAMka dhAtuzilponuM varNana abhipreta che. 2) anu-mauryakAla prinsa opha velsa myujhiyama, muMbaImAM surakSita pArzvanAthanI kAMsya pratimA aitihAsika kAlanI sauthI prAcIna pratimA che. tene samaya I. sa. pUrve 1 lI sadIne AMkavAmAM Avyo che. kAyotsarga mudrAmAM UbhelA pArzvanAthanA mastaka para phaNA che. chAtI para zrIvatsanuM lAMchana kareluM nathI. dehasauSThavanI daSTie A mUrti moheM-jo-daDonI natikA sAthe ane mathurAmAMthI maLelI zuMgakAlIna mAtRdevInI mATInI pakavelI pUtaLIo sAthe sAmya dharAve che. causA (ji. zAhAbAda, bihAra)mAMthI maLelAM ane paTanA myujhiyamamAM surakSita rakhAyelAM dhAtuzilpamAM eka dharmacakra, eka kalpavRkSa ane 16 jaina tIrthakaronI mUrtiono samAveza thAya che. AmAM dharmacakra ane kalpavRkSa prAcInatama arthAta I. sa. pUrve 2 jI-1 lI sadInAM hovAnuM anumAna thayuM che, jyAre tIrthaMkaranI dasa mUrtio kAyotsarga mudrAmAM UbhelI che, te kuSANakAlanI ane bAkInI cha beThelI che te guptakAlanA AraMbhanI hovAnuM jaNAya che. badhI jinam rtio nagna che. AmAMnI be mUrtio kezavalarIne kAraNe pArzvanAthanI ane bIjI bemAM zikSakamAM caMdranuM aMkana havAthI caMdraprabhunI manAya che, jyAre bAkInI oLakhI zakAtI nathI. paTanAmAMthI maLI Avela ziva-pArvatInuM suvarNa opita zilpa paNa noMdhapAtra che. zive mastaka para uNISa dhAraNa karela che. A zilpa IsunI bIjI sadInuM manAya che. nAgArjanI kaDAmAM thayelA ukhkhananamAMthI A saMkAnA uttarArdhamAM keTalAMka dhAtuzilpo maLI AvyAM che. emAM dhanudharI rAjaputra ane kArtikeyanAM zilpa prakhyAta che..

Page #213
204 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakallA gaMdhAramAMthI jethI sadInA pUrvArdhanI eka buddha mUrti maLI che ane enA jevI eka anya mUrti laMDananA vikaToriyA enDa AlbarTa myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta che. 3) gupta-vAkATaka kAla A kAlamAM pASANa-zilpo ane vRttikA-zilponI jema dhAtuzilpomAM paNa vaividhyapUrNa ane kalApUrNatA jovA maLe che. barlinanA velpharakuMDe myujhiyamamAM surakSita viSNunuM saMyukata zilpa gaMdhAra kalAnI paraMparA jALavI rAkhato uttama namUno che. emAM viSNunA cAra avatAra sUcavAyA che. viSNu-pramukha caturmukha dharAvatA A saMyukata zilpanI baMne bAjumAM mukha anukrame nRsiMha ane varAhanAM che. pAchaLanA bhAgamAM kapilanuM mukha che. cAra hAtha paikI nIcalA jamaNA hAthanA krame letAM daMDahastamudrA, padma, zaMkha che, jyAre nIcalo DAbo hAtha Ayudha-puruSa cakranA moTA cakrane sparza kare che. sauSThavayukata mAMsala deha, bharAvadAra mUchothI zobhatuM mukha, vastraparidhAnanI paddhati ane ratnajaDita mukuTa parathI zilpa 4 thI 5 mI sadInuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. vizvanA paga pAsenI lakSmInuM zilpa lakSmI ane pRthvInA saMyukata svarUpane pragaTa kare che. kamala ane zrIvatsanAM lAMchana tenAM e mizra svarUpanAM dyotaka banI rahe che. AmAM AyudhapuruSa cakra(sudarzana)nuM zilpAMkana manohara che. sulatAnagaMja(bihAra)mAMthI maLI Avela ane hAla barmiMgahAma myujhiyama (iMglenDa)mAM surakSita buddhanuM vikhyAta dhAtuzilpa (AkRti 48) guptakAlanAM uttamottama dhAtuzilpo paikInuM eka che. A sADA sAta phUTa UMcuM zilpa A zailInAM zilpomAM kadAca sauthI moTuM che. pAMcamI sadImAM guptakalA keTalI unnata kakSAe pahoMcI hatI te A zilpa dvArA samajI zakAya che. A philma para ghuMTaNa sudhI pahoMcatA vastranI dhArI mathurAnAM pASANa zilpa sAthe sAmya dharAve che. bArIka vastra samagra dehalatAnA sauSThavayukata AkArane chate kare che. buddhano jamaNo hAtha abhaya mudrAmAM che. DAbA hAthanI khullI hatheLImAM pithI dhAraNa karelI che. siMdhanA mIrapurakhAsamAMthI maLI Avela ane hAla karAMcI myujhiyamamAM surakSita brahmAnuM dhAtuzilpa paNa I. sa.nI 5 mI sadInI guptakalAnuM sarasa udAharaNa che. brahmAnAM dhAtuzilpA bhAgye ja maLe che. A uttama koTinuM zilpa tethI temAM gaNanApAtra umero kare che. caturmukha braghAnAM mastaka parano jaTAbaMdha atyaMta lAvaNyamaya che. brahmA dvibhu ja che. abhaya mudrAvALA jamaNA hAthanI AMgaLIomAM akSamALA Apela haze. DAbA hAthamAM Apela kamaMDaLa guma thayeluM che.

Page #214
48 paTTa 15 48 buddha (sulatAnagaMja) 49 cAmaradhAriNI (akoTA) 49

Page #215
bhAratIya prAcIna zilpaklA DAbA khabhA para kRSNAna (mRgacarma dhAraNa kareluM che ne deha para yajJopavIta dhAraNa karela che. keDa parathI ghUMTaNa sudhI pahoMcatuM vastra AkarSaka pATalImAM goThavAyeluM che. akoTA (vaDodarA)nA jana-dhAtu pratimAnidhimAMthI maLelI jIvaMtasvAmInI be pratimAo paikInI eka I. sa. nI 6 ThThI sadInA pUrvArdhanI jaNAya che. "jIvaMtasvAmI" e dIkSA lIdhA pahelAM tapa karatA saMsArI mahAvIra svAmInuM nAma che, AthI AmAM rAjaputrane anurUpa vezabhUSA jovA maLe che. mastaka para UMce TopIghATane kalAmaya mukuTa, gaLAmAM hAMsaDI ane hAra, hAtha para bAjubaMdha dhAraNa karela che. zarIra para adhovastra jovA maLe che. A kAyotsarga pratimAnA baMne hAtha khaMDita thayA che. samagra uttara bhAratamAMnAM adyAvadhi upalabdha dhAtu-zilpomAM AgalI haroLamAM bese tevI utkRSTa kalAmaya A pratimAM pazcima bhAratIya zilpazailIne suMdara namUno che. 4) anu-guptakAla A kAlapaTa daramyAna pazcima bhAratamAM maitraka rAjAonA zAsana nIce pASANa zilponI jema dhAtuzilponI kalA paNa pAMgarI. AmAM valabhI ke pIrama beTamAMthI maLela buddhapratimA ane akoTAmAMthI maLela sarasvatInAM zilpa pazcima bhAratIya zilpazailInA noMdhapAtra namUnA che. AmAMnI buddha pratimA hAla bhAvanagaranAM gAMdhI smRti myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. enA para sonAne epa caDAvela che. buddha pralaMbapAdAsanamAM beThelA che. beu khabhAo para oDhelI saMghATI gaMdhAra asara dharAve che. A mUrti maitraka zIlAditya 1 lAnA samaya (I. sa. 190-615)nI manAya che. I. sa. 600 thI 620 nA arasAnI sarasvatInI mUrtimAM devInA mastaka pAchaLa maNakAdAra AbhAmaMDaLa zobhe che. evI eNe mastaka para trikUTa mukuTa ane chAtI para ekAvalI ane ura:sUtra dhAraNa karyA che. uttarIyanI kinArI para maNakA ane cheDA para bhaumitika AkRtio aMkita che. kaTi paranuM adhovastra sthAnika "vikaccha" zailImAM che. devIe hAthamAM lAMbI nALavALuM kamaLa dhAraNa karyuM che. enAM sapramANa dehalatA ane dhyAnamagna dIdhuM netro noMdhapAtra che. A kAlanAM pUrva bhAratamAMthI maLelAM keTalAMka dhAtuzilpa guptazailInAM lakSaNo ane paraMparA jALavI rAkhatAM jovA maLe che. deulavADImAMthI bauddha devI saravANInuM eka zilpa maLyuM che. enI baMne bAjue zrI ane sarasvatI cAmaradhAriNI tarIke UbhAM che. pitAnA vAhana siMha para UbhI rahelI devInA UbhA rahevAnI chaTA

Page #216
pari. 2: dhAtuzipa uttarakAlamAM baMgALamAM vikaselI pAla zilpa-paraMparAnA Adya svarUpanI lAge che. 7mI sadImAM thaI gayelA rAjA devakhaDraganI rANI prabhAvatIe A dhAtuzilpane sAnA vaDe rasAvyuM hAvAnuM tenA paranA abhilekha parathI spaSTa thAya che. vaLI AsAmamAM tejapuranA dAhapatIya maMdiranI dvArazAkhAmAM AvelAM gaMgA-yamunAnAM zilpA, bAlAighATa, mahAsthAna (prAcIna puMDravana)mAMthI prApta thayela maMjuzrInI sAnAthI raselI dhAtupratimA vage2e paNa pUrva bhAratanA gaNanApAtra namUnA che. 5) rASTrakUTa-pratIhAra-pAla-kAla 207 kAzmIramAM 8 mI sadInAM dhAtuzilpAmAM sthAnika zailInI sAthe gaMdhAra zailI, gupta zuMMlI ane pratIhAra zailInA samanvaya thayelA jovA maLe che. caMbA khINa vistAranAM chatrAhI ane brahmoranAM ma dirAmAM A zailInAM 8 mI sadInAM moTA kadanAM zilpA che, jemAMnA traNa vizeSa noMdhapAtra che. AmAM eka devInuM suMdara zilpa che. devInA hAthamAM kamaLa, darpaNa ane peAthI che. devI padmAsana para UbhelAM che. AbhuSaNA ochAM che. dehayaSTi pAtaLI ane UMcI che. gaLAmAM custa maukitaka grIvAbaMdha (kAlara), tenI nIce pAMdaDIvALA kaMThahAra ane tenI nIce mautika ura:sUtra che. te baMne stana vaccethI pasAra thaI kaTisUtra sudhI laMbAtuM darzAvyuM che. isunI 9 mI 10 mI sadInAM uttara pradeza ane rAjasthAnanAM zilpAmAM jovAmAM Ave che tevuM teNe uttarIya (dupaTTA) jevu... vastra dhAraNa karyuM` che. kaTi nIcenuM vastra bArIka custa che ane tenI pATalI baMne paga vaccethI pasAra thatI cheka padmapITha sudhI laMbAtI darzAvI che. ahIMthI maLelu mahiSAsuramardinInuM zilpa paNa noMdhapAtra che. te lakSaNAdevInA nAme oLakhAya che. trIju` Asanastha nrusi MhanuM zilpa paNa noMdhapAtra che. siMhamukha nRsiMhanA caturbhu ja(hasta) paikInA pAchalA be hasta tIkSNa nahAra darzAvatA khabhA pAse UbhA karelA che. bAkInA be hasta (paMjAmAM paMjo bheLavIne) devanA mukhane TekavatA darzAvyA che. tenI vikarALa mukhamudrA khAsa noMdhapAtra che. zira para kalagInI jema dhAraNa karela maukitakamALA darzanIya che. gujarAtamAM akoTAmAMthI prastuta kAlanAM keTalAMka sarasa dhAtuzilpA maLI AvyAM che. emAM cAmaradhAriNI yakSiNI (AkRti 49) zreSTha che. 8 mI sadInA madhyanA A zilpamAM sapramANa dehalatA gulAbanAM puSpAnI gUthaNanI madhyamAM cUDAmiNa dharAvatuM avanavuM kezagUMphana, patrakuMDala, niSkanA hAra, tridala puSpanI bhAtavALA bAjubaMdha, kaMkaNAkRti valayA, ura:sUtra, mekhalA, bArIka ane DhIlA adhAvasrane pakaDI rAkhatuM suzeAbhita UrujAlaka, nUpura, khabhAnI pAchaLathI pasAra thatuM... uttarIya--jevI vezabhUSAnI suMdara sajAvaTa najare paDe che.

Page #217
208 bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA muMbaI pAse Avela jogezvarImAMthI dhAtunI eka suMdara dIvI maLI AvI che. pazcimI cAlukayonA samaya daramyAna eTale ke IsunI 8 mI sadI daramyAna A dIvI banI hoya ema lAge che. te hAla muMbaInA prinsa opha velsa myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. A dIvInuM hAthInuM zilpa bAghanAM bhitticitronI yAda Ape che. te uttara baMgALanI pAla zailInA hAthInuM khaMDita chatAM uttama tAprazilpa (je hAla kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM surakSita che tenI sAthe adbhuta sAmya dharAve che. A dIvInI sAMkaLanI madhyamAM vacce vacce AveluM nRtyAMganAnuM zilpa tathA tenI upara tathA nIce Avela vAjiMtra vagADatI aMganAonAM zilpa aMgamaroDanI daSTie uttama prakAranAM che. temAM madhyanuM zilpa to dakSiNa bhAratIya cAlukaya ane pallavonA rAjyatvakAla daramyAna je abhinava siddhi nRtyakSetra sadhAI hatI tene vyakata karatuM jaNAya che. AmAMnI vAjiMtra vagADatI strIone maLatI keTalIka mUrtio jAvAnI paripATIne vyakata kare che. madhya pradezamAM 9 10 mI sadI daramyAna cedI rAjAonA Azaya nIce dhAtuzilpazailI pracAramAM AvI. A zailInAM zilpo rAyapura ane nAgapura myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. AmAM sirapuramAMthI prApta thayela buddhanI ane bodhisattvanI lekha sAthenI mUrtio khAsa ullekhanIya che. AmAM rAyapura myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta avalokitezvara, gaNeza ane pArvatInAM zilpo khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. muni kAntisAgaranA saMgrahamAM madhya pradezamAMthI maLI Avela paricArikAthI AvRtta baddha devI tArAnI eka suMdara ma ti che. e satanA (madhya pradeza)thI maLela yoginImUrtionA zilpa-vidhAna sAthe sAmya dharAve che. pUrva bhAratamAM baMgALa ane bihAramAM pAla rAjAonA zAsana daramyAna dhAtuzilyanI kalAno apUrva vikAsa thayo. tethI A zilpa pAla zailInA nAme prasiddha che. A zailInAM zilpa 9 mIthI 12 mI sadI daramyAna maLe che. A zailIe mukhyatve buddha, bodhisattvo ane bauddha devI tArAnA zilpo jovA maLe che. AmAMnAM keTalAMka nAlaMdA myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. pAlazailInuM eka uttama dhAtuzilpa paTanA myujhiyamamAM che. 9 mI sadInuM A zilpa buddhanuM avataraNa (descent of Buddha)nA nAme oLakhAya che. trAyanniza svargamAM mAtAne upadeza ApavA baddha gayA. upadeza ApyA pachI temaNe pRthvI para puna: avataraNa karyuM. saMkisAmAM kesala nareza prasenajite temanuM svAgata karyuM. A kathAnakane AkAra ApatA A zilpanI jamaNI bAjue brahmA ane DAbI bAjue zakra (indra) che. brahmA jamaNA hAtha vaDe ane cAmara DhoLI rahyA che. temanA DAbA hAthamAM kamaMDaLa che. indra

Page #218
pari 2H dhAkSika.. 20. baMne hAtha vaDe buddhanuM bhikSApAtra dhAraNa karyuM che. buddha UbhelA che. teo potAnA paghamaMDita jamaNA hAtha vaDe brahmAnA mastakane sparza kare che. temano DAbo hAtha cindrAmAM che. emAM vastrano eka cheDe aMgUThA ane AMgaLI vaccethI pasAra thato darzAvyo che. buddhanA mastake AbhA pragaTa karatI javALAo (The flames of the aureole), padmapIThanI pAMkhaDIo, indrane mukuTa ane brahmAnI jaTA tathA buddhanI vastraparidhAna-paddhati A zilpane utkRSTa banAve che. padmapIThanI nIce baMne bAjunA gavAkSomAM siMhanAM zilpo che. buddhanuM AvuM eka zilpa uparokata myujhiyamamAM che. emAM vyAkhyAna mudrAmAM padmAsana vALIne beThelA buddhanI pAchaLa AvelI paDadInI baMne bAjue makara ane siMha para kaMDArelAM vyAlanAM zilpa khAsa noMdhapAtra che. buddhanI pAchaLanI prabhAmaMDaLanI kinAro javAlAmaMDita che ane te para Avela ardha vRttAkAra ghATanI kamAnanI madhyamAM grAsamukha ane tenA mukhamAMthI niSpanna thatI pIpaLa-pAnanI DALIo baMne bAjunA cheDA para UbhA velAmAM saMkrAnta pAmatI darzAvI che tathA temAMthI baMne cheDe eka eka kinnara niSpanna thatA darzAvyA che. A zilpa paNa 9 mI sadInuM che. A ja myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta bauddha devI tArAnuM dhAtuzilpa paNa uttama koTinuM che. padmapITha para devI lalitAsanamAM beThelAM che. pIThanI nIce baMne bAjunA gavAkSAmAM beThelA siMhonAM zilpa che. dvibhuja devIne jamaNo hAtha varadamudrAmAM che, jyAre DAbA hAthamAM ardhavikasita kamaLa che. tenI nALamAMthI baMne bAjue kamaLaDoDA niSpanna thAya che. tenA deha para dhAraNa karelAM AbhUSaNomAM kAnamAM dvividha karNaphUlo paheryA che. kAMDAmAMnI valayapaMkitaone bresaleTanI mAphaka eka ja cApaDA vaDe grathita karI che. kalAtmaka rIte goThavelI alakalaTo, mukatAphaLa vaDe grathita yajJopavIta, kaTisUtra, paganAM nUpuro ane aMga para vallIdAra bArIka vastra-paridhAna AkarSaka che. mastaka para mukuTa ratnajaDita che. mUrtinI pAchaLanI paDadInI baMne bAjue nIce AvelA hasti 5ra siMha-vyAlanAM zilpo che. tenI uparanA cheDe dareka bAjue eka eka makaramukha tathA kinAranAM zilpa che. mastaka pAchaLanI AbhAne kinArayukata patrapaMkitaothI maMDita karela che. A zilpa paNa 9 mI sadInuM che. pAla zailImAM ghaDAyeluM 9 mI sadInuM balarAma ke saMkarSaNanuM nAlaMdAmAMthI prApta thayeluM zilpa hAla dilahInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. balarAma bhA. prA. zi.-14

Page #219
210 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA viSNunAM lakSaNa dhAraNa karatA UbhA che. temanA cAra hAtha paikI nIcenA bemAM cakra ane kamaLa che, jyAre upalA bemAM temanAM priya Ayudha haLa ane muzaLa che. temane mastaka para sarpa phaNA che. temanI jamaNI bAju temanI patnI revatI temane mATe pyAlAmAM zurA bharatI jaNAya che. DAbI bAju anucarI temane mATe bhojanane thALa laI UbhI che. padma para UbhelA devanI pAchaLanI bAjue karelI phremamAM baMne bAjue garjanA karatA siMha ane haMsa tathA makaramukha jovA maLe che. dAtA bhakata pote AsanapIThanA nIcenA bhAgamAM vinamra bhAve beThelo jaNAya che. Ama to samagra bhAratamAM dhAtuzilpo maLe che, paraMtu dakSiNa bhAratamAM maLe che tevAM uttama sarjanAtmaka aMza pragaTa karatAM ane kadamAM paNa moTAM ane bhAre zilpa bIje kayAMya jovA maLatAM nathI. dakSiNamAM paNa tAmilabhASI pradezomAM AnuM vizeSa bAhulya varatAya che. pallava, coLa ane vijyanagaranA rAjyakALa daramyAna dakSiNamAM uttama dhAtuzilpo nirmANa pAmyAM che. dakSiNanuM lagabhaga dareka maMdira sarasa prAcIna dhAtumUrtio dharAvatuM jovA maLe che. sAtavAhano ane ikvApha rAjAonA samayamAM pASANa zilponI bAbatamAM je paraMparAo sarjAI hatI, te badhIne kAMcInA pallavI vikAsa sAdhyo. pallavAnI rAjayasattA IsunI 4 thI sadIthI zarU thaI, paraMtu 6 ThI 7 mI sadImAM thayelA rAjA siMhaviSNu ane mahendravarmAnI pASANa kalAe abhinava siddhi sAdhI. pallavanA samayamAM paNa ghaNAM uttama dhAtuzilpo upalabdha banyAM che. A zilpo 8 mI sadIthI maLavA lAge che. pallava zilponAM keTalAMka abhinava lakSaNo che; dA. ta. pallava zilpo haMmezAM yopavIta dhAraNa karatAM darzAvyAM hoya che. pallava zailInuM bIjuM lakSaNa tenA dehanA nIcenA bhAga para dhAraNa karAvavAmAM AvatuM vastra che. A vastranI paheraveza-paddhatine ahIM hastI-sauSTika tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A zailImAM kamaLanI cArebAjue ardhavRttAkAra ghATanA teraNanI mAphaka vastranI pATalIo goThavavAmAM Ave che. A zailInuM trIjuM lakSaNa mUrti para zrIvatsanA cinane abhAva che ane temAMya lakSmInI mUrti (je ghaNuM karIne zrIvatsanA cihunathI aMkita hoya che, te) paranuM zrIvatsanuM cihna paNa sarvathA dUra karAyuM che. | tripurAtaka tarIke jANItuM thayela pallavazailInuM 8 mI sadInuM dhAtuzilpa uttama koTinuM che. tripurAntaka dvibhuja ziva hAthamAM dhanuSyabANa laIne UbhA hoya

Page #220
pari. 2H dhAtuzi 211 ema bhiMgamAM UbhelA darzAvyA che. mastaka parano viziSTa ghATane mukuTa deha para dhAraNa karela kaMThabaMdha, kaMThahAra, yajJopavIta, kaTisUtra ane UrjAlaka sAdA zilpane abhinava ghATa arpaNa kare che. A zilpa amadAvAdamAM zrI gautama sArAbhAInA saMgrahamAM che. madrAsanA sarakArI myujhiyamamAM surakSita kurama gAmamAMthI maLela 8 mI sadInuM naTezanuM zilA noMdhapAtra che. ahIM ziva UdhvajAnu nRtyamudrAmAM aMkita karelA che. A zilpanAM mukhya lakSaNo tenI sAdI chatAM AkarSaka alaMkaraNapaddhati, jaTA ane alakalaTo AvirbhAva tathA te aMgenI jhINI jhINI vigatonA AlekhanamAM rahela che. sAmAnyata: A prakAranA zilpamAM zivanA DAbA hAthamAM javAlA ApavAmAM Ave che, jyAre ahIM temaNe nAga dhAraNa karyo che. zivanaTarAjanI mUrti enA prakAramAM A mudrAmAM A eka ja prApta dhAtuzilpa che. vaLI A myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta kilApUDanura gAmethI maLela viSapAna karatA ziva ane nAgapaTTanamUmAMthI maLela bodhisatva maitraya-A baMne zilpA paNa 8mI sadInAM pallavazailInAM namUnedAra zilpo che. tiruvalanagaDumAMthI prApta thayela ane madrAsanA sarakArI myujhiyamamAM surakSita karela samaskaMda tarIke oLakhAtuM eka nAnA kadanuM suMdara dhAtuzilpa Adya-coLa zailInuM 9 mI sadInuM namUnedAra zilpa che. A zilpanI banAvaTamAM pallavazailI coLazailImAM saMkrAMta thatI jaNAya che. AmAM tenAM keTalAMka dyotaka lakSaNo pratibiMbita thAya che. A devadaMpatIyugalanA zilpanI racanA-paddhati kAMcIpuranA vaikuMThaperUmAla maMdiramAM AvelA pallava rAjA nandIvarmanA samayanAM zilpa sAthe sAmya dharAve che. samaskaMda zive hAthamAM phUla ane kapAla dhAraNa karelAM che. zUlano AkAra pallava zailIne che. te ja rIte devI umAnA mastaka paranA mukuTa tathA tenI pAtaLI chatAM chaTAdAra dehayaSTi pallavazailInAM lakSaNo prakaTa kare che. tiruvaraMgulamathI prApta thayela naTarAjanuM 10 mI sadInuM zilpa paNa Adya-coLazailI dharAve che. samaya jatAM A zailIe naTarAjanAM sarvottama zilya ghaDAyAM. 6) pUrva-madhyakAla A kAlapaTa daramyAna zreSTha bhAratIya dhAtuzilpo ghaDAyAM. IsunI 11mI-12mI sadInAM dhAtuzilya paikInAM keTalAMka zilpamAM ajoDa ane abhinava aMgabhaMgI temaja paripUrNa nAnI bAbatamAM baMgALamAM agAunAM pAla zailInAM dhAtuzilpane mukAbale vizeSa pragati sUcaka cihno jovA maLe che. madhyama kadanAM

Page #221
ra1ra bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA A zilpamAM viSaNunAM zilpa noMdhapAtra che. viSNunI baMne bAjue ghaNuM karIne temanI baMne patnI zrI ane sarasvatI ane prasaMgepArA zrI ane bhUdevI paNa hoya che. A prakAranI yugala-mUrtio paikInI eka mUrtimAM bhUdevInA hAthamAM kamaLa puSpane sthAne anAjana DoDo Apela che. enAthI bhUdevInuM vasuMdharA svarUpa sUcavAya che, je uttara bhAratIya paraMparAnuM ghAtaka che. tevI rIte viSNunA cAra hAtha paikInA game te upalA eka hAthamAM gadA hoya che. te paNa uttara bhAratIyapaNAnuM ghAtaka lakSaNa che. (dakSiNanI paraMparA pramANe viSNu gadAne potAnA nIcalA hAtha paikInA ekamAM dhAraNa kare che.) tevI rIte dakSiNamAM A deva nIcalA game te hAthamAM zaMkha dhAraNa kare che ne uttara bhAratIya paraMparA pramANe, zaMkhanuM valayAkAra mathALuM nIcalI bAjuthI rAkhavAmAM Ave che. baMgALanAM zilpomAM uttara bhAratIya paraMparAnAM lakSaNo pragaTa thAya che. gadAno ghATa tathA prabhAvali baMgALanI paddhatinAM che. rAjazAhI myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta pratimAmAM viSNue A rIte zaMkha dhAraNa karela jovA maLe che. sAgaradigbImAMthI maLela ane kalakattAnA aMgIya sAhitya pariSada myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta viSNunuM zilpa seMdhapAtra che. A zilpamAM deva SaDrabhuja che. viSNue zaMkha, cakra, gadA, padma uparAMta garuDadhvaja ane hAthI dhAraNa karela che. devanA mukaTanI pAchaLa Avela AbhAmaMDalamAM sAta nAgapuruSanAM zilpo kotarelAM che. temanA zaMkha ane cakra Ayudha puruSo tarIke temanI baMne bAjue UbhelA che. temanI jamaNI bAjue pIThikA para upAsaka puruSanI mUrti tathA zi95nI pAchaLanI bAjue eka nAnakaDo lekha kotarelo che. raMgapuramAMthI prApta thayela ane rAjazAhI myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta 11mI sadInI viSNu pratimAmAM baMne bAjue Ayudha puruSonI racanA thaI che. A paddhati baMgALanAM dhAtuzilponuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa che. Ayudha puruSa tarIke prajAtAM zilpo sAva nAnA kadanAM nahi, paraMtu ahIM madhyama kadanAM prayojavAmAM AvyAM che, te bAbata agAunI paddhatimAM thayela pheraphAranI sUcaka che. sAmAnyata: cakra ane gadA AyudhapuruSa tarIke nirmANa pAmatAM tene badale uparanA zilpamAM zaMkha ane cakranuM nirmANa thayuM che. te paNa eka noMdhapAtra hakIkata che. kalakattAnA aMgIya sAhitya pariSada myujhiyamamAM AveluM IsunI 12 mI sadInuM sAgaradidhIthI maLeluM SikezanuM zilpa uttama koTinuM che. viSNunA A svarUpe dhAraNa karelAM kamalasthita Ayudho bagIya mUrtividhAna paddhatinAM dyotaka che. saMbhavata:

Page #222
parika rAzi 213 hindu zilpa-vidhAnamAM A paddhati baMgALamAM pracalita baddha dharmanI paraMparAne anulakSIne apanAvavAmAM AvI hoya tema jaNAya che. A zilpamAM viSNu bhagavAna buddhanI mUrtinI paraMparA pramANe) "mahArAja-lIlA" mudrAmAM beThelA che. siMhanAda buddhanI mUrtimAM A mudrA khAsa vaparAya che. viSNue temanA upalA baMne hAthamAM anukrame cakra ane gadA dhAraNa karyA che. nIcalA DAbA hAtha vaDe padma dhAraNa karyuM che, paraMtu temane jamaNo hAtha, je ghaNuM karIne varadamudrAmAM che, te buddhanI cinudrAnI jema chAtI sudhI upara lIdhela che. Ama A zilpa para bauddha dharmanI vyApaka asara jaNAya che. hiMdu mUrtizilpo para baMgALanA tAMtrika bauddha saMpradAyanI thayela spaSTa asaranuM A zilpa eka uttama udAharaNa che. baMgALanA tAMtrika bauddha saMpradAyanI asara nIce nirmANa pAmatAM hiMdu mUrtizilpomAM paNa, bauddha mUrtiomAM hoya che tema, temanA mukuTamAM nAnA kadanAM mUrtizilpo prayojavAnI paddhati astitvamAM AvI hatI, je tenI spaSTa asaranI sUcaka che. bArIsAlathI prApta thayelI ane kalakattAnA AzutoSa myujhiyamamAM hAla surakSita ziva-lokezvaranA mukuTamAM A prakAranI racanA jovAmAM Ave che. ajIta ghoSa saMgrahita ane hAla kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM surakSita gaMgA nadInA pUrva pradezanI pUrvavatI ane pAla zailInuM saMmizraNa prakaTAvatI viSNunI eka mUrti khAsa noMdhapAtra che. viSNunA hAthamAM Apela cakra ane bhAre zaMkha erissA zalIne vyakata kare che. temanA eka hAthamAM ApelI gadA bhUmine sparzatI darzAvI che, je spaSTata: dakSiNa bhAratIya zailIne anurUpa che. te ja rIte viSNunI baMne bAjue Avela temanAM patnI zrI ane bhUdevIe hAthamAM kamala dhAraNa karyA che, te paNa dakSiNanI zalIne anurUpa che. viSNunA mastaka pAchaLanuM prabhAmaMDaLa, temaja garuDa ane dAtAnAM zilpo Ama to orissA zailInAM che, paraMtu tenA prAgaTayamAM pAla zailI taraphano teno jhoka spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. A zilpa dvArA e nakkI thAya che ke orissA zailI upara madhya bhAratIya paraMparAnI asara hatI. A zilpa 11mI sadInuM che. gaDhavAlanA pradezamAM IsunI 11mI-12mI sadImAM je zilpa nirmANa pAmyAM che, te paikInuM eka lakSmInArAyaNanuM suMdara zilpa dilhInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. viSNunuM vAhana garUDa uparAMta viSNuparivAranAM zila paNa tenA suMdara parikaramAM AvelAM che. garuDa para lalitAsanamAM beThelA viSaNunA DAbA kheALAmAM AliMgana prApta lakSmI che. tene jamaNo hAtha viSNunA khabhA ane gaLA para sthita che. DAbA hAthamAM teNe sanAla kamaLa dhAraNa kareluM che. viSNunA be upalA

Page #223
214 bhAratIya prAcIna zi95kalA hAtha jamaNA-DAbAmAM anukrame gadA ane cakra che, jamaNo nIcalo hAtha abhayamudrAmAM tathA lakSmIne AliMgana ApatA DAbA nIcalA hAthamAM sanALa kamaLa che. parivAra devamAM upalA anukrame padmAsanastha gaNeza ane ziva che je anukrame jamaNI ane DAbI bAju AvelA che. nIcalI baMne bAjue dvibhuja paricArikAonAM zilpa che. te paikInI jamaNI bAjunI paricArikAnA hastamAM cakra (ke gadA) ane DAbI bAjunI paricArikAnA hastamAM daMDa che. parikaranI baMne bAjue vyAla ane te para makaramukhanAM zilpa che. viSNunuM prabhAmaMDaLa kamaLadAMkita che. madrAsa myujhiyamamAM cimakurti mAMthI prApta thayela pUvI cAlukaya athavA kAkatIya dhArAnAM dhAtuzilpo rakSAyAM che. AmAM veNugopAla ane tenI baMne bAjue devI rukimaNI ane satyabhAmAnAM zilpa uttama koTinAM che. tAmila zailI para cAlukaya zailInI spaSTa asara A zilpo prakaTAve che. gajura, kRSNA ane godAvarI jillAmAM madhyakAlIna hAyasALa zailInAM (pASANa) zilpo maLe che tenA karatAM A kAkatIya dhArAnAM zilponI dehalatA pAtaLI ne UMcI, alaMkAronuM AchApaNuM, sAdI chatAM mArdavabharI chaTA temane bhinnatva bakSe che. dilhInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM kAkatIya zailInI eka dIpalakSmInuM suMdara zila5 che. tenI sAthe A zilpo sAmya dharAve che. temanA mastaka paranuM veSTA sAva sAdu che. kAnamAM moTA kadanAM kuMDaLa dhAraNa karelAM che. cidaMbaramUnA naTarAjanuM zilpa ceLa zailInuM sarvottama zilpa che. te ja rIte ziyAlImAMthI prApta thatuM A ja prakAranuM zilpa paNa bhavya ane uttama che. paraMtu A badhAmAM madrAsa myujhiyamamAM surakSita tiruvalanagaDumAMthI prApta thayeluM naTarAjanuM zilpa(AkRti 50) alaikika che. vikhyAta zilpakAra roDIne(Rodin) ane saMvAdita gati(rhythemic movement)nI daSTie vizvanuM eka uttama zilpa tarIke biradAvyuM che. tAMjora jillAmAM naTarAjanAM asaMkhya zilpo prAcIna maMdiromAM AvelAM che, paraMtu te badhAmAM "bhujaMga prasIta" mudrAmAM sthita A zilpa uttama che. dakSiNa kisITananA vikaToriyA enDa AlabarTa myujhiyamamAM A ja zailInI eka suMdara naTarAjanI mUrti surakSita che. naTarAja bhAratamAM ziva aneka svarUpe pUjAya che. emAMnuM eka svarUpa naTarAja uttara kAlamAM suvikhyAta banyuM che. A svarUpa uttara bhAratanI sarakhAmaNIe dakSiNa bhAratamAM khUba lokapriya thayeluM jaNAya che. zivane nRtyanA AcArya ane ISTadeva mAnavAmAM Ave che. bhAratIya paraMparAmAM zivanAM sarjaka, poSaka ke pAlaka ane saMhAraka zakitanAM

Page #224
pari. 2H dhAtuzila 215 traNa nRtyo manAya che. A nRtyo anukrame saMdhyAnRtya, nAdana ane tAMDava kahevAya che. A paikI chellAM be nRtyo sUcavatAM pASANa ane dhAtunAM saMkhyAbaMdha zilpa maLI AvyAM che. AmAM zivanuM nAdA-nRtya dakSiNa bhAratamAM khUba khyAti pAmyuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. uparokata madrAsa myujhiyamanuM naTarAjanuM zilpa(AkRti 50) A prakAranA nRtyane vyakata karato sarvottama namUno gaNAya che. ziva vartuLAkAra pITha para madhyamAM apasmAra puruSanI upara nRtya karI rahyA che. temanA mastaka para mukatAmaNithI zobhato jaTAmukuTa che. nRtyanI gatine laIne temanI alaka laTo havAmAM pharapharatI jovA maLe che. temanI jaTA sarpa, gaMgA ane khoparIthI vibhUSita che. jaTAmAM ardhacaMdranuM Alekhana manahara che. zivanuM A nRtya lAsya ane tAMDavathI yukata hovAthI adhuM aMga pArvatInuM ane adhuM aMga zivanuM batAveluM che. temanA DAbA kAnamAM strInuM kuMDaLa daSTigocara thAya che. jamaNA kAnanuM kuMDaLa tUTI gayuM che, paraMtu e puruSanuM kuMDaLa haze ema anumAna thaI zake che. temaNe yajJopavIta ane sarpane udarabaMdha bAMdhyo che. temaNe adhovastra tarIke vyAdAcarma paheryuM che. temanA cAra paikI jamaNI bAjune AgaLane hAtha abhaya mudrAmAM ane pAchaLanA hAthamAM DamarU che, jyAre DAbI bAjunA pAchaLanA hAthamAM agnijvAlA ane AgaLano hAtha gajahastamudrAmAM (dakSiNI zailIe varadamudrAmAM) che. jamaNo paga apasmAra puruSa(mohapuruSa)ne kacaDI rahyo che, jyAre DAbe paga nRtyamudrAmAM UMco karelo batAvyo che. zivane pharatuM javAlAonuM cakra tUTI gayuM che. zivanA A nRtyamAM temanI pAMca zakitae 1) sRSTi(sarjana), 2) sthiti (pASANa,) 3) saMhAra(nAza), 4) tirobhAva (puna: utkrama) ane 5) anugraha(mela)no samanvaya sUcavAto hovAnuM AnaMdakumAra svAmInuM maMtavya che. DamarU sarjakanuM pratIka che. teno nAda jyAre digaMtamAM dhvanita thAya che, tyAre sRSTi thAya che. tethI ene "nAdA' nRtya kahe che. abhayamudrA jaDa ane cetananI rakSA ane temanuM paSaNa sUcave che. agnijavALAo saMhAranuM pratIka che. UMco karelo DAbe paga potAnI mAyA dvArA thatA tibhAvanuM pratika che, jyAre paga nIce kacaDAyelA datya tarapha nirdeza karato gaja hastamudrAvALo hAtha mokSanuM pratIka che. anya pratIkemAM mastaka parano caMdra mahA AnaMda ane mahA unmAdanuM, jaTAmukuTamAMnuM khU-kapAla saMhAraka kALanuM ane apasmAra puruSa bhautika vAsanA ane ajJAnanuM pratIka che. parAjita asura(apasmAra)nI samasta zakita zivanA nutyAMdolanamAM pragaTa thAya che, paNa e zakita zivadvArA saMpUrNa paNe adhikRta ane niyaMtrita che.

Page #225
paTTa 16 WANAWAKE ja OiW 50 naTarAja (madrAsa myujhiyama)

Page #226
pari. 2H dhAtuzipa 217 bIjI rIte kahIe te A mUrti mAM zivano bhautika vAsanAo paranA vijayane AnaMda vyakata thAya che. DamarU ane agnijvALA anukrame vijayane mahAoSa ane AtmAnI jAgRti sUcave che. abhayamudrA sarvane potAnA taraphathI abhayanuM dAna sUcave che. AvuM abhayadAna jeNe potAnI vAsanA upara kAbU meLavyo hoya te pote ApI zake. potAnA paga nIce kacaDAyelA asura tarapha aMgulinirdeza karI ziva ema sUcave che ke emaNe potAnI vAsanAone kacaDI nAkhI che. A aMgulinirdezano artha zaraNe AvavAthI mokSa prApta thaze ema paNa ghaTAvAya che. A zila5mAM uddAma AMdolita kriyAzakitane sAkAra karavAmAM kalAkAre ajoDa siddhi hAMsala karI che. coLa zailIe ghaDAyelI naTarAjanI mUrtio uparAMta ko. daMDadhArI rAmanAM paNa suMdara dhAtuzilpo maLe che. emAM madrAsa myujhiyamamAM surakSita eka pratimAmAM dhanurdhArI rAmanI AkRtimAM kadAvara dehamAM lAlityabharI aMgabhaMgI ane mukha paranA vijayano bhAva dhyAna kheMce che. A uparAMta A zailIe buddha, bodhisatvo ane brAhmaNa devatAonI moTI saMkhyAmAM mUrti ghaDAI hatI. dakSiNanAM maMdiro ane myujhiyama A dhAtuzilpAthI susamRddha che. uttarakAlamAM pAMDyo ane vijayanagaranA zAsakoe paNa A zailInA anukaraNamAM devatAo ane rAjapuruSonI mUrtio DhaLAvI. A zelInAM vyakita 'zilpamAM vijayanagaranA rAjA kRSNadevarAya ane tenI be rANIonAM dhAtuzilpaprasiddha che. dhIme dhIme gharagaththu upayoganI cIjomAM paNa zilpakAma thavA lAgyuM. emAM devatAo ane strIo tathA puruSanI AkRtio daSTigocara thAya che. emAM strIAkRtinI attaranI zIzIo ane dIpalakSmIo suprasiddha che.

Page #227
pariziSTa 3. kA-zilpo zilpamAM kASThane prayoga ghaNA prAcInakALathI thato hovAnuM jaNAya che, paNa lAkaDuM jaladI nAza pAmatuM hovAthI tenA eTalA jUnA namUnA prApta thatA nathI. vaLI A kAraNe paththara, mATI ane dhAtunA mukAbale tene prayoga paNa ocho thayo che. bhAratamAM kASTha-lAkaDA para kotaraNI karavAnI prathA veda jeTalI prAcIna jaNAya che. RgvadamAM sUryane ratha suMdara keraNIvALA hajAra staMbhana hovAne ullekha che. yajJa-yajJAdine lagatAM tamAma upakaraNo lAkaDAmAMthI banAvavAmAM AvatAM. mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, gRhatsaMhitA, bauddha jAtako vagere aneka prAcIna graMthomAM tathA paradezIonAM vRttAMtomAM kASThanA siMhAsanAdinA ullekha maLe che bRhatsaMhitAnA vanapravezAdhyAyamAM pratimA mATenA kASThanuM varNana ApyuM che. eka jAtakamAM udbaranA lAkaDAmAMthI pUrA mAnavakadanI pratimA banAvyAne ullekha maLe che. prAcIna maMdira, mahAlayo, prAkAro ane puradvAra, raheThANanAM makAno lAkaDAnAM banatAM. mUrtio paNa lAkaDAnI banatI. zilpa-viSayaka graMthamAM vividha vRkSonA lAkaDAnA guNadoSonA varNana sAthe temAMthI taiyAra karavAmAM AvatI gharagaththu ane suzobhanAtmaka cIjavastuonI yAdI ane temanA rUpavidhAnanuM varNana maLe che. bauddha jAtakAdi sAhityamAM kASThakarma vizenAM je vipula vaNano jovA maLe. che, tenuM anusaraNa bharaDuta, sAcI vagere sthaLonAM pASANa zilpamAM jovAmAM Ave che. mauryathI guptakALa sudhInAM zailamaMdironI kotaraNImAM paNa enuM anukaraNa thayeluM levAmAM Ave che. bharahuta ane sAMcInI vedikAo, toraNonA sthabhe, pATaDA, sUcio, kamAno vagere paranAM kotarakAma kASThanI kotaraNIne spaSTata: anusaratAM jaNAya che. baddhonA ardhanaLAkAra ghATanAM chatavALAM caityagRho kASThanirmita bhavananA prAstArika (pASANamAM aMkita thayelI pratirUpe che. samayanI daSTie theravAdI(hInayAna) prAvasthAmAM caityagRhonuM sthApatya lAkaDAnI ImAratI bAMdhaNInI paddhatinuM hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. AthI emAM pASANanI sAthe ghaNI jagyAe kASThano upayoga thayela che, dA.ta. raaityAkAra kamAna, gavAkSo, te paranI ghATIlI kamAna, staMbha ane bArI, saMlagna vedikA, emAM karelI caityagavAkSanI nAnI nAnI pratikRtio vagere lAkaDAmAM banatAM A prakAranAM suzobhana sAthe sAmya dharAve che. bhAjA, kArlA, koDAne, pittalakherA, ajaMTA naM. 10nA caityagRha ane vihAromAMnAM taMbha, vedikA, teraNa chata, vageremAM kASThakAmanA avazeSo hajI sudhI surakSita che.

Page #228
pari. 3H kASThazi - 219 mAmalapuramUnA zailakarNa ratha ane maMDapanA racanA-vidhAnamAM paNa kASThakAmanuM anusaraNa thayeluM jovAmAM Ave che; dA. ta. pallava rAjA mahendravarmAe karAvelA sAdA thAMbhalAo sAthe saMlagna azvAkRtivALA kATakhUNiyA brekeTa spaSTata: lAkaDAnA kotarakAmane najaramAM rAkhIne karyA hoya tema jaNAya che. kASThakalAne prAcIna kALamAM "dArukarma" tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvatI. dAru. athavA kASThamAMthI mUrtio banAvavAnI paraMparA prAcIna hatI. bhaviSya, matsya, viSNudharmottara vagere purANomAM to kASThamAMthI pratimAo banAvavAnAM prakaraNo ApyAM. che. aparAjitapRcchAmAM caMdana, devadAru, vageremAMthI liMga banAvavAnuM kahyuM che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa kASThaliMgane kASThamaMdiramAM sthApita karavAno anurodha karyo che. paraMtu kASTha pratimAono nAza jaladI thavAno saMbhava hovAthI sevya pratimAo pASANa ane dhAtunI banavA lAgI. Ama chatAM ghaNAM ghara-maMdiromAM pUjAtI kASTha mUrtiomAM zvetArka (dhoLA AkaDA)ne lAkaDAmAMthI banAvelI gaNezanI mUrtinuM bAhulya jovA maLe che. orissAnA jagannAthapurInA maMdiranI kRSNa, balarAma ane subhadrAnI sevya pratimAo kASThanI banelI che. dara bAra varSe A pratimAo punarnirmita karavAmAM Ave che. bhAratamAM jyAM jyAM jagannAthajInAM maMdiro che, tyAM tyAM e mUrti e. kASThanI ja banAvavAnI paraMparA che. muMbaInA prinsa opha velsa myujhiyamamAM surakSita ardhanArIzvaranI eka suMdara kASThapratimA pATaNamAMthI prApta thayelI che. "jagasvAmI" nAmathI oLakhAtI sUryanI tathA temanI patnI rannAdevInI kASTha-mUrtio pATaNanA mahAlakSmIjInA maMdiramAM pUjAya che. baMne mUrtio anukrame cAra phUTa ane sADA traNa phUTa UMcI che. te caMpAnA kASThamAMthI banAvelI akhaMDa mUrtio che. jagasvAmInuM mULa kendra prAcIna gujarAtanI rAjadhAnI zrImALa( bhinnamALa) hatuM. tyAM AveluM jagasvAmInuM AkhuMye maMdira kASThanuM hatuM. e madira 12 mA saikA sudhI sArI sthitimAM hatuM. zrImAlano dhvaMsa thatAM jagasvAmI tathA rannAdevInI mUrtio pATaNa, lAvavAmAM AvI hovAnI anuzruti che. gujarAtamAM madhyakALamAM khAsa karIne muslimakAlamAM gharaderAsaro karavA nimitte kASThakalAne jainoe ghaNuM uttejana ApyuM hatuM. amadAvAda, pATaNa, khaMbhAta, surata, siddhapura, pAlItANA, rAdhanapura vagere sthaLoethI utkRSTa prakAranI kASThakotaraNInA namUnA maLI AvyA che, te enA sUcaka che. .

Page #229
pariziSTa 4. hAthIdAMtanAM zilpa hAthIdAMta paranuM kotarakAma bhAratamAM ghaNA prAcInakALathI jANItuM hatuM. haDappA sabhyatAnA khodakAmamAMthI paNa hAthIdAMta paranI kotaraNInA anekavidha namUnA maLyA che. hAthIdAMta para kotaraNI karanAra vargane prAcInakALamAM "datakAra", "da taghATaka" vagere nAme oLakhavAmAM Avato. vAtsyAyananA kAmasUtramAM hAthIdAMtamAMthI banAvelI DhIMgalIo tathA ramakaDAM vizenA ullekho maLe che. kAlidAsanA raghuvaMzamAM ane mAghanA zizupAlavadhamAM hAthIdAMtanA padArthonA ullekha thayA che. bRhatsaMhitAmAM hAthIdAMta vaDe kASThamAM jaDatarakAma thatuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. harivaMzamAM hAthIdAMtane upayoga gRha-sthApatyamAM thayo hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. hiraNyakazipuno mahela hAthIdAMta vaDe zobhAyamAna karelo hovAnuM purANomAM noMdhAyuM che. vidizAnA hAthIdAMtanA kArIgaroe sAMcIno stUpano dakSiNa taraphano daravAjo kotaryo hovAnuM tyAMthI prApta thatA abhilekho dvArA jANavA maLe che. A ane AvA ghaNA ullekho bhAratamAM hAthIdAMtanA kotarakAmanI prAcInatA puravAra kare che. kASThanI jema hAthIdAMta lAMbA samaya mATe TakAu padArtha na hovAthI tenA zi95nA ghaNA prAcIna namUnAo upalabdha thatA nathI. ahIM bhArata bahAra viyeTanAma tathA aphaghAnistAnamAMthI upalabdha bhAratIya kalAnA namUnA noMdhapAtra che. hAthIdAMta para kotareluM eka bhAratIya zilpa bhArata bahAra caMpA (viyeTanAma)nA prAcIna nagara pampInA khodakAmamAMthI maLyuM che. A nagarano IsunI 1 lI sadImAM javAlAmukhI (visuviyasa) phATatAM vinAza thayo hato. enA khaMDeromAMthI A bhAratIya zilpa maLyuM che. deha para pUrNa bhAratIya Dhabane alaMkArothI sajaja pramatta yuvatInuM A zilpa che. deha para dhAraNa karela vastra eTaluM to bArIka che ke paganI AMTI pADIne Ubhelo teno nArIdeha saMpUrNa nagna svarUpe UpasI Ave che. pUrNa vikasita nayane, gaura mukha para vilasatuM hAsya ane unnata ardhagoLAkAra stana tenA nArIsIMdaryamAM vadhAro kare che. teNe kamara para bhAre kaTimekhalA dhAraNa karI che. hAtha para dhAraNa karelI valayapaMkita, pagamAM dhAraNa karela kallAnI paMkita sAthe samatulA sAdhe che. tene DAbo hAtha kAnana kuMDaLane sparze che ane jamaNA hAtha vaDe mastaka para Avela oDhaNIne te yathAsthAne goThavavA prayatna kare che. A nArInI banne bAjue eka eka nArInuM nAnuM zilpa kaMkAreluM che.

Page #230
pari. 4? hAthIdAMtanAM zire 221 e ghaNuM karIne ene mATe zRMgAra-prasAdhananI TopalIo laIne UbhelI enI paricArikAo che. AthI A zilpa "prasAdhanikAnuM hovAnuM sUcavAya che. A zilpakRti mathurAnI vedikA paranI yakSiNIonA zilpa sAthe sAmya dharAve che. A zilpa deharacanA, zailI ane alaMkAra parathI Isu pUrvenI 1lI athavA pachInI 1 lI sadInuM hovAnuM manAya che. prAcIna samayamAM aphaghAnistAnane samAveza bhAratamAM thato hato. tAjetaranA. tyAMnAM kapilA vagere sthaLoe thayelAM khodakAmomAMthI bhAratIya kalAnA dyotaka ghaNA. namUnAo maLI Avela che. kAbulanI uttare Avela begAmanA khedakAmamAMthI hAthIdAMta para kotarelAM aneka phalako prApta thayAM che. e ghaNuM karIne prasAdhana mATe taiyAra: karavAmAM AvatI lAkaDAnA cokaThAvALI vedIonAM hoya tema jaNAya che. emAM kareluM kotarakAma ghaNIvAra AchuM, kavacita rekhAMkita ane kayAreka UMDA lakSaNavALuM jaNAyuM che. emAM AlekhAyelAM pAtronA deha pUrNa lAlityamaya ane viSayAnurUpa bhAvanI abhivyakita karatAM jaNAya che. kapizAmAMthI maLelI hAthIdAMtanI keTalIka peTIo para kakrIDA karatI strIonAM manarama aMkana che (juo paTTa-5, AkRti 23). A zilpo para vizeSata: gadhArakalAno prabhAva varatAya che. alabatta, emAMnAM keTalAMka mathurA zailIne ane keTalAMka dakSiNanI veMgI zalIne anusaratAM jaNAya che. suzobhanamAM kamaLa, puSpapatra, pazupakSIo tathA pAMkhALA mAnuSIdehonI vividha bhaMgIone upayoga thayo che. kASThanI jema hAthIdAMtanI kotaraNInuM kAma Aje paNa bhAratanA aneka pradezamAM.. khAsa karIne dakSiNamAM thatuM jovAmAM Ave che. te

Page #231
pariziSTa 5. bAla zi - prAcInakAlamAM bhAratanA videzo sAthe vyApArI ane sAMskRtika saMbaMdho ane saMparko cAlu hatA. ene laIne paraspara thayelAM AdAnapradAnamAM bhArata, misara, IrAna ane madhyaeziyAnI aneka samAna alaMkaraNanI paraMparA jovA maLe che. - AmAMthI keTalAMka lakSaNonA samanvayathI dareka dezamAM keTalAMka samAna rUpapratIko-kalA pratIka (suzobhana ghaTako) prayojAyAM. AvAM rUpapratIkomAM IhAmRga-mizra AkAranAM vyAla rUpAMkane sumera, esiriyA, mesopoTemiyA, kITa, libiyA, phIniziyA, IrAna (hakhAmanI) vagere saMskRtinI kalAmAM jovAmAM Ave che. "vyAla" nAmathI jANItAM thayelAM A rUpAMkananA anekavidha prakAro bhAratIya madhyakAlIna zilpagraMthomAM paNa saMgRhIta thayA che; dA. ta. aparAjitapRcchA nAmanA graMtha (233,4-6)mAM bhAlanA siMhavyAla, gajavyAla, azvavyAla, naravyAla, vRSavyAla, meSavyAla, zukaDyAla, mahiSavyAla, vRSabhamaccha, hastimaccha, azvamaccha, naramaccha vagere 16 prakAro ane darekanA soLa seLa upabhedo sAthe 256 prakAranAM bAlazilpanI carcA ApelI che. bharata, sAMcI, mathurA, gaMdhArAdi kalAonA namUnAmAM AvAM seMkaDo vAla-IhAmaga aMkita thayelAM jovAmAM Ave che. IhAmRgo ke vyAlazilponI bhAratIya paraMparA Tveda (7-104-22) jeTalI jUnI che. tyAM manuSya svabhAvanuM varNana karatA enA cha prakAro ulUka, zuzuluka, zvA, koka, suNa, vRddha varNavyA che. manuSyamAM rahela kAma krodhAdi vikArone kAraNe enI anukrame - je mukha-vikRti nIpaje tenAM te ghAtaka rUpa hoya tema jaNAya che. vyAlanAM anya jANItAM daSTAMto nIce pramANe che: 1) sAkSasiMha | siMdhusAgara-saMgama samIpa parvata para nivAsa karatA A IhAmRganI vAta vAlmikI rAmAyaNa(kiSkindhAkAMDa, 4, 2, 10) mAM Ave che. saMbhavata: IrAna ane mesopoTemiyAnA mahAkAya sapakSasiMhanA kalAtmaka rUpanA paricayane AmAM paDagho paDyo hoya tema manAya che. sAMcInA pazcima toraNanAM ane mathurA tathA amarAvatInA sUpa - uparanAM zilpamAM sAkSasiMha aMkita che.

Page #232
pari. 2 : vyAla zika 23 2) yena vyAsa emAM mastaka garUDa (na)nuM ane zarIra siMhanuM hoya che. bhArahata ane sAMcImAM enuM aMkana thayuM che. aMgrejImAM ene "grIphana" kahe che. 3) mahAraga ke samudravyAla enA zarIrane uparano bhAga puruSo ane nIceno bhAga masyAkRti ke sarpakRti hoya che. mathurAkalAmAM enuM chUTathI rekhAMkana thayuM che. aMgrejImAM ene "TrAITana" kahe che. 4) kinnara AmAM mastaka manuSyanuM ne zarIra azvanuM hoya che. te keTalIka vAra mastaka azvanuM ne zarIra puruSa ke strInuM hoya che. bauddha sAhityamAM eka azvamukhI strInI vAta ApI che(padakusalamANava-jAtaka), je sAMcI, bodhagayA ne gaMdhArAnI kalAmAM te najare paDe che. 5) suparNa emAM puruSa-mastaka ane bAkIne deha pakSIne hoya che. grIkakalAmAM e hApI" nAme oLakhAyela che. sAMcI, bharaDuta ane mathurAnA sUpa para enuM aMkana thayeluM che. 6) supaNa suparNIno namUna sirakA(takSazilA)mAMthI maLyo che. e pAMkhavALA pakSIne be mAthAM che. "mahAbhArata"mAM "bhAruSTha" nAmanA pakSIone eka zarIra ne be mAthAM hovAno ullekha che. ( pRthIva bhISmaparva 8-11). 7) ekIva bahUdara pazu AmAM eka ziravALA prANInuM saMyojana ghaNAM zarIra sAthe thayeluM che. atharvavedamAM eka mAthuM ane dasa zarIravALA vAcharaDAno ullekha che. (gzIrvAIvAsA: atharva, 13-4-6). ajaMTAnA eka staMbha para eka mukha sAthe cAra haraNanAM zarIra saMyojelAM che. karyA ane beDasAnAM caMtyagRhomAM ane jUnAgaDhanI uparakoTanI guphAmAMnA staMbho para AvA gajasaMghATa ane siMhasaMghATanAM zilpo che. sAranAthanA siMhastaMbhamAM Ane maLatI yojanA che. kAryAnA tyagRhanAM staMbhanI zirAvaTImAM azvasaMghATa, gajasaMghATa, siMhasaMghATa vagerenAM zilpo kotarelAM che. kayAreka AvAM pazuo yuddharata sthitimAM paNa AlekhAya che; dA. ta. mathurAnA eka zilApaTTa para garUDa ane nAganuM ane elorAmAM gaja ane siMhanAM AvAM yuddharata saMghATa- zilpanuM Alekhana thayuM che.

Page #233
saMdarbha-sUci Agraval, V. S. : Indian Art, Varanasi, 1965 : Masterpieces of Mathura Sculpture, Varanasi, 1965 : Studies in Indian Art, Varanasi, 1965 Brown, Percy : Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu), Bombay, 1942 Brunier, R. : Hindu Mediaeval Sculpture, Paris, 1950 Burgess and Fergusson, : The Cave Temples of India, Delhi, 1969 Bussagli, M. and : 5000 Years of the Art of India Sivaramamurti, C. Bombay. Census of India : Ivory Works in India Through the Ages, New Delhi, 1967 Coomaraswamy, A. K. : History of Indian and Indonesian Art, London, 1927 Introduction to Indian Art, Madras, 1956 Gangoly, 0. C. : 'Indian Sculpture', "The Cultural Heritage of India", Vol. III, Calcutta. : Indian Terracotta Art, Calcutta, 1959 Goetz, H. : Five Thousand Years of Indian Art (Art of World Series), Bombay, 1959 Government of India : Archaeology in India, Delhi, 1950 : Indian Archaeology a Review, 1958

Page #234
Havell, E. B. Kar, C. Kramrisch, Stella Mackay, E. J. H. Majumdar R. C. and others Marshall, John (Ed) Mathur Munshi, K. M. and others Ray, Nihar Ranjan Rowland, B. Sarasvati, S. K. bhA. prA. zi. 15. : Marshall, John and Foucher, : : The Ancient and Medieval Architecture of India, New Delhi, 1972 : The Art Heritage of India, Bombay, 1964 : A Handbook of Indian Art, London, 1958 Indian Sculpture and Painting, London, 1928 : : Classical Indian Sculpture, London, 1950. Indian Metal Sculpture, London, 1952 : Indian Sculpture, Calcutta, 1933 : Further Excavations at Mohenjodaro 2. Vols., Delhi, 1937-38 2 : : History and Culture of the Indian people, Vols. I-IV, Bombay. Mohenjodaro and the Indus Civilization, 3 Vols. London, 1931 The Monuments of Sanchi, 3 Vols. Cambridge, 1939 : Sculpture in India, New Delhi, 1972 Indian Temple Sculpture, New Delhi, 1956 : : Maurya and Sunga Art, Calcutta, 1945 : Art and Architecture of India, London, 1953 : A Survey of Indian Sculpture, -Calcutta, 1957

Page #235
Sivaramamurti, c. Smith, V. A. agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa gupta, paramezvarIlAla rAya kRSNadAsa parIkha, rasikalAla ane zAstrI hariprasAda (saM.) zAstrI, hariprasAda gaM. :. The Art of India, New York, 1977 : Indian Bronzes, Bombay, 1962 : Indian Sculpture, New Delhi, 1961 : A History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon, Oxford, 1930 : kalA aura saMskRti, ilAhAbAda, 1958 : bhAratIya senA, vArAhI, 2666 : mathu rAkalA, ahamadAbAda, 1964 : gupta sAmrArtha, vArANasI, 2670 : bhAratIya mUrti kalA, kAzI : gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, graMtha 1 thI 4, amadAvAda, : haDappA ne moheMjo-daDo, amadAvAda, 195ra : bhAratIya zilpasamRddhi, muMbaI, 1965 bhAratIya zilpakalA ane sthApatya amadAvAda, 1968 : bhAratIya sthApatya ane zilpa, amadAvAda, 1965 zAha, umAkAnta zAha, priyabALA semapurA, kAntilAla .

Page #236
paribhASA I English-Gujarati Abacusphalaka, staMbhazIrSa tala Niche--gokhalo, gavAkSa Alcove-kamAnAkAra gokhalo Nimbus-prabhAcakra, tejacaka Arch--kamAna, toraNa, cApa Pedestal-pIThikA, besaNI, Asana Architecture-sthApatya, vAstukalA Pillar-staMbha Rock-cut-elalesliga , Capital-zIrSa, saruM, zirAvaTI Art-kalA , stone-full School of-214 Plastic Art-2181124841 Base-pITha Plasticity-rUpakSamatA Basement-pITha, pIThikA Bas-relief- a5mUrta Porch-zuMgAracokI . Bracket-brokeTa, Teko Relic-casket--ALPH 7.41 BronzesdhAtukAma, dhAtuzilpa Relief-aMzamUrta zilpa Capital-zIrSa, zirAvaTI , Half-ardham tuM zilpa Casket-maMjUSA, peTI, dAbaDo , High-atimUrta, adhikamUrtazilpa Cast-bIbuM, DhALa, DhALeluM, , Low-alpamUrta zilpa Railing-alest Decoration-suzobhana Rock-zaila, khaDaka Design-AkRti, rUpAMkana, bhAta Rock-cut-alalcslel Device--pratIka, lAMchana, cilDrana Rock-shelter-2014 Emblem-lAMchana, pratIka Scroll_paTTa, patralatA Figurine-yaul Sculpture-zila, zilpakalA Fine Art-a[ald Sell Seal-451 High-relief-atimUrta, adhikamUrta Seal-impression-mudrAMka Icon-pratimA Sealing-45is Iconography-mU rtividhAna,rti Shaft-staMbha-daDa zAstra Spire - ( 1242 Idol--mUrti Statue--pUtaLuM Image-pratimA, mUrti StatuettenAnuM pUtaLuM Metallurgy-dhAtukAma steatite-selakhaDI Monolith-ekAzama, ekazilA Structural-2494422 Monument--24125 -Tablet-takartI, paTTikA Motif-suzobhanaghaTaka, rUpapratIka, Terracotta--hielai usadi fucy - kalApratIka Moulding-DhALakAma Verendah-raveza, varaMDA

Page #237
[ Gujarati-English atimUta zilpa-High-relief pIThikA-Basement adhikamUrta zilpa- , , pUrNa mUrta zilpa-Figure (sculpture) ardhamUrta zilpa-Half-relief in the round alpamUrta zilpa-Bas-relief pratimA Image ails fleuad 64--Monolithic Pillar prabhAca kra- Nimbus, Halo ekAma staMbha- e che maMjUSA-Casket kadAvara-Colossal 461-Seal lApratIka-Motif 44is-Sealing, Seal-impression kalAzailI-school of Art Cualed 64-Stone-pillar thavAla, gokhale Niche Ruz1921-Capital aczel-Arched gate zilpa, zilpakalA-Sculpture devAlaya-Temple, Shrine , atimUrva_Half-relief 43-Torso , adhamUrta, adhikamUrta-High reliecif dhAtukAma-Metallurgy, Bronzes , a5mUrta-Low-relief, Bas-refl dhAtupratimA-Bronzes 21149 - Capital dhAtumaMjUSA-Relic-casket zaila-Rock pakava mRttikA-Terracotta zailagRha-Rock-shelter uls-Pedestal : zailenkIrNa--Rock-cut m ti-Idol, 23 - Capital raveza-Verendah sughATayakalA-Plastic Art rUpakSamatA-Plasticity Yulad--Decoration, Decorative zuyals-Motif design zuiset-Design selakhaDI-Steatite lAMchana-Emblem 2d4-Pillar alest-Railing, Balust er zd. 641941-Colonnade

Page #238
zabda-sUci akoTA 139, 148, 150, 166-67, 205-07 agni (AcArya) 8 agnipurANa 8 agravAla, vAsudevazaraNa 55, 88, 90, azAka(mauya) 5, 43-47, 49, 159 ajaM'TA 104-05, 110, 137, 14041, 153, 218, 223 ajAtazatru 5, 53, 65, 67 athava veda 25-28, 30, 33-34, 223 anAthipaMDaka 65 aniruddha (AcArya) 8 anyAra 90-91 aparAjitapRcchA 10-11, 219, 222 abhidhAnaciMtAmaNi 1 abhilaSitA ciMtAmaNi 11, 202 alberUnI 4 alluru 109 avantipura 160 avantivarmA 160 amadAvAda 211, 219 amarAza 1 76 amarAvatI 27, 29, 59, 71, 37, 80, 108-113, 222 amarelI 98 ayyanamAhadevI 156 arjuna 157-58 arthazAstra 9 alAhAbAda 3, 48, 130 53-56, 61, 65-66, 70, 123 azvaghoSa 199 aSTAdhyAyI 36 ahicchatrA 52, 191, 198-201 aMbAjI 139 aMbAlA 47 aMzumadbedAgama 8, 10 AcAradinakara 11 Anamada 61 Abu 5, 150, 166, 186 Ayurveda 36 ArakoTa 177 AhavA 102 indrakIla TekarI 174 indravarmA (viSNukuMDI) 156 inTrAgnimitra 70 irijAlakakuDa 177 izAna--ziva-guru deva-paddhati 11 IDara 186 A graMthamAM hiMdu, bauddha ane jaina devatAonA vAravAra nirdeza AvatA hAvAthI temanAM nAmeAnA zabdasUcimAM samAveza karyo nathI.

Page #239
IttarI 188 kanoja 161-62, 166, 181 udayagiri (orissA) 27, 60, 71, kapaDavaMja 147, 186 73-77, 106 kapilavastu 46, 65, 114 udayagiri(madhyapradeza) 32, 132-136 kapilA 29, 221 udayana 112 kapurAI 147-48 udayapura 187 karaNAgama 8-9 udayAditya 187 karAMcI 204 udAyI 5 karmAra 25 upAdhyAya, bhagavatazaraNa 54 kalakattA 38, pa2, 66, 128, 131uruvilva 66, 70 32, 145-46, 164, 166, uMDavallI 156 181, 199, 208, 212-13 kaliMga 58 Rgvada 6, 25-26, 28-29, 3335, 41, 161, 218, 222 kalyANI 188 kaviyura 177 ekalatanA papa ethensa 150 kasiyA 47, 201 enADI 143 kalugumalaI 177 eraNa 132, 134 kaMkAlI TIlA 92, 97 eliphaMTA 148, 159, 167, 173 kaMDicUra 191 elekjhAnDara 82 kaMdahAra 44 elarA 142, 153, 156, 1668, kAkAnI siMhaNa 102 172-73, 223 kATacavema 1 aitareya brAhmaNa 1 kAbula 78, 221 hoLe 151 kAmasUtra 220 auraMgAbAda 153, 155-56 kAmikAgama 8-9 kaTarA 87, 90-91, 111 kAravaNa 147-48 kaThalAla 147 kArlA 103-04, 107-08, 218, kaherI (kRSNagiri) 103-04, 107, 223 14-41 kAlidAsa (mahAkavi) 1, 34, 75, 116, kadavAra 147 ) 118, 200, 220 kaniSka 77, 89, 95, 97 kAlIbaMgana 21 kaniMgahAma 47 che. kAverI 174, 176

Page #240
kAverIpAkkam 142, 175 kRSNA (nadI) 142, 156, 214 kAzI 48, 122-23 kRSNAnaMda-taMtra-sAra 11 kAMcIpuram (kAcI, kAMcIpurI) 157, 160, kocIna 177 175, 210-11 koTezvara 147 kirADu 187 koTayarka (mahuDI) 147-49 kirAtArjanIya 132, 174 koNAraka 165, 179-80, 183, 191 kilAppaDanura 211 kolvina, sara siDanI 1 kisIMgTana 214 kovela 29 kiLayura 176 kosama (kauzAmbI) 39, 197, 201 kIrti varmA (caMdellA) 184 kAMDAne 104-05, 218, 223 kILamAMvilaMge 157 kauzAmbI 39, 46, 48, 194, kukara 97 197-98 kukIhara 164 kauzItakI brAhmaNa 1 kukkanUra 188 mariza, sTelA 121, 193, 195-07 kunnakuDI 176 kaveTA 192 kuja viSavardhana (cAlukya) 156 kSIrArNava 10 kumAra (AcArya) 8 khajurAho 178, 182-85, 187 kumAragupta 1lo 116, 122-23,128, khaMDagiri (orissA) 27, 60,73-77 131-32 khaMDosaNa 167 kumArapAla (caulukya) 185 khaMbhAta 219 kumArasaMbhavam 116, 200 khaMbhAlIDA 101 kumArasvAmI, AnaMda 55, 72, 82 khAravela 58, 75-76 88, 110, 121, khiciMga 165 151, 185, 215 kheDabrahmA 102, 186 kurAiyara 177 khoha 133, 136 kurukSetra para gaDaga 188 kuruvaTTI 188 gaDhavAla 31, 213 kullI 12-14, 192 gayA 54 kuzInagara 47-48 garuDapurANa 8 kuMbhakoNam 176 garga (AcArya) 8 kRSNa 1 lo (rASTrakUTa) 167 gaLatezvara 186 kRSNadevarAya 217_ gaMgekaDoLapuram 176, 189-90

Page #241
gaMDakI 47 gaMDarAditya (caLa) 176 gaMtura 214 - gaMdharvaveda 36 gaMdhAra 5, 59-60, 77-83, 86, 88, 98, 102-03, 120-21, 141, 199, 204, 222-23 giranAra 44, 186 guDIvADA 108 gupta, paramezvarIlAla 122-23, 128 puta-sAvAe 122 gumaDIDu2 109 gurnAlA 188 godAvarI 36, 214 gepa 139 gorakhapura 195-96 golI 109 groseTa 150 gvAliyara 137, 150, 161, 163, cAmuMDarAya, maMtrI 174 cArasaddA 80 cASTI 97 cirAla TekarI 177 cidaMbaram 180, 191, 214 cimakatI 214 cicaMgATTAMguDI 191 ciMgapuTa 177 cunAra 4, 70, 123 cokkamapaTTI 176 causA 203 chatrapura 182 chatrAhIM 207 jagannAthapurI 4, 219 jammayapeTa 108-09 jabalapura 147, 185 jamAlagaDhI 201 jayadeva (mahAkavi) 181 jarAsaMdha 26 jahonasTana 199 rAjapura 165 jAnasuTI 88, 95 jAmidoDI 174 jIvaka 65 jUnAgaDha 100, 223 jUnnara 104-06 jogezvarI 208 jodhapura 5 jaliyA 80 jyotiSazAstra 36 jJAnaratnakoza 10 jhiMjhuvADA 186 194 ghaMTazAlA 108 ghArApurI (eliphaMTA) 159, 167, 173 ghumalI 186 ghoSa, ajIta 213 caturvaciMtAmaNI 10 caMdA, rAmaprasAda 53 caMdragupta maurya) 36, 43-44, 54 caMdragupta rajo (gupta) 116, 123, 129, 131-32, 134 caMdrAvatI 187 caMdrahi 185 caMpA 181

Page #242
jhI ga-kA-nagarA para jhurica 187 jhAba 12-14, 192 TI'TAI 147, 150 ToparA 47 DAkArajI 5 DhAkA 181 DhAMka 101, 148 takSazilA 20, 38, 40, 59, 78, 90, 199, 223 takhte bahAI 80-81, 201 taLAjA 101 / trasAra 10 tAmaluka 194, 196-97, 201 tAmralipti 194, 197, 199 tArAlakSaNa 11 tAMjora 176, 188-89, 191 tirukaLukuNaram 157 tirucirApallI 157, 177 tiruppara kum 176-77 tirumalAIpuram 176 tiruvara'gulam 212 tiruvalanagaDu 211, 214 tiruvalaMjuLI 191 tiruvADI 191 tissarakikhtI 65 tejapAla 186 tejapura 207 tena gAma 103 taittirIya brAhmaNa 1 tripurAntakam 189 triruviImaruGUra 191 10 tvaSTA (AcAya) 25 dazatAlanyagrodha-parima Dala-buddha-pratimA lakSaNa 11 dazaratha (mau) 54 daMtidugA~ (rASTrakUTa) 167, 175 dArayasa 54 dArAsuram 180, 191 didAraga'ja 52-53, 57, 196 dinApura 164, 181 dilhI 21, 39, 47-48, 151, 157, 181, 188, 209, 213-14 divyAvadAna 29, 97, 105 dIgdanikAya 36 dIpAva 10 deulavADI 206 delavADA (Abu) 150 devakhaDga 207 devagaDha 32, 132, 136 devagiri 188 devatAzilpa 10 devanI meArI 101-03, 139, 199 desalapura 21 dolatapura 102 dvArakA pu dvArasamudra (halebIDa) 189 dhanurveda 36 dha siMdhu 10 dhAra 137 dhArAnagarI 187 dhaulI 44, 54 nagarI (mAdhyamikA) 93

Page #243
* * nagnajina (AcArya) 8 paTTaDakala 15ra : nIvarmana (pallava) 211 paTTIzvaram 191 narasiMha lo (pUvagaMga) 180 padmAvatI para, 194 narasiMhavarmA (pallava) 157-58 parela 142 . nalatagiri 165 parsi polisa 54-55 navaDATolI 14 pAyA para, 97, 194, 201 naMdanagaDha 48 pazupatikovila 191 naMdivardhana pa pahADapura 132, 146 naMdIza (AcArya) 8 pATaNa 4, 167, 219 nAgapaTTanam 211 pATaliputra 36, 38, 40, 43-44, nAgapura 208 49, para, 54, 194-95 nAgArjuna (AcArya) 112 pANini 36 nAgAjunI (bihAra) 43, 54 pArakhama para, pa7, 84, 97 nAgArjunI kaDA 29, 59, 108-10, pAlamapeTa 188 112-15, 203 pAlItANA 219 nAgulapADa 188 pAMcarAtra-dIpikA 10 nATayazAstra 36, 191, 195 pittalakherA 71, 102, 104-05, 107, nADola 187 218 nArada (AcArya) 8. pillalamaLI 188 nAlaMdA 146, 164, 208-09 piMDAraka(pIMDArA) 166 nAsika 103-04, 106 pIparAvA 40 niglivA 44, 46, 48 pIramabeTa 206 nirukata 36 puraMdara (AcArya) 8 nirNayasiMdhu 10 purI (jagannAtha) 178 nirvANakalikA 11 pulakezI 1lo 150. nItimAga (gaMga) 174 puSpamitra (guMga) 58 nI-lI 48 pulumAvi 110 noha pa2 paDavegI 142 northa bavADI 175 pejhuDiyama 142 paTanA (paTaNA) 40,48-49, para-53, pezAvara 78, 80-81 76,97, 130-31, 146, pokharaNA 196 195, 198, 203, 208 pampI 220

Page #244
pratimA 97 pratiSThAtA dvAra 11 prabhAvatI 207 prasenajita 65, 67-68, 208 kuTaDherI 80 phAhyAna 47-49 philADelikyA 161 phIrojhazAha(tugaluka) 47-48 phalorensa 150 bakasAra 194 bakhirA(vaizAlI) 44, 47-48, 51 barodA para barlina 204 basAka (vaizAlI) 40 basADha 49, 56, 199 baMbirA 48 bAMgha 132,137 bAdAmI 150-52, 188 bArAbara (bihAra) 43, 54 bArIsAla 213 bAlAIghATa 207 bAMgaDha 201 bikAnera 187 biccala 157, 174 biMdusAra (maurya) 44 biMbisAra 66 buddhagayA 181 budha gupta 123 bulaMdIbAga 195-96 bRhatsaMhitA -8, 218, 220.. bRhaspati (AcArya) 8 begrAma 221 beDasA 104, 107, 223 betavA (vetravatI) para, 136 belagAma 188 besa (nadI) para besanagara (vidizA) 93, 97, 132 bodhagayA 27, 44,48, 58, 60, 70 73, 80, 86, 104, 106 122, 128, 164, 223 barobudura 29 bosTana 195 brAmitra 70 braho (AcArya) 8 brahmora 207 brAuna,pasI 54 brAhmaNAbAda 201 bhagavadgItA 161 bhagIratha 158 bhaTTIproLa 108 bharaNIkkANI 177 bharatapura 84 bharatamuni 191 bharahuta 4, 27, 29, 31, 43, 48 pa7-58, 60, 63, 67-70, 72-73, 75, 80, 84, 86. -90-91, 98, 104, 106, 110, 118-19, 199, 222-23: bhaviSyapurANa 8, 219 bhAgalapura 146, 164 bhAjA 103-05, 218 -bhArata-kalA-bhavana (vArANasI) 39, 134 bhAvanagara 206 bhAsa (mahAkavi) 97

Page #245
bhakanApahArI 15 mahAnADa 181 bhikSubala 89 mahAnirvANa-taMtra 9 'bhitaragAMva 201 mahAbalipuram 175 bhinnamAla 103, 219 mahAbhArata 30, 188, 218, 223 bhilasA para mahAvANija-jAtaka 31 bhITA 194 mahAzAlA 47 'bhuvanakeza 36 mahAsthAna 131, 194, 201, 2017 bhuvanezvara 73, 165, 178-79 mahendravarmA (pallava) 157-58, 210, "bhUtezvara 97 219 bhUmarA 132, 136 mahezvara 1 bhRgu (AcArya) 8 mahotsavanagara (mobA) 182 bheDAghATa 147, 185 mahobA 182, 184 bhojadeva (paramAra) 187 maMtramahArNava 10 makarANA 5 maMtraratnAkara 10 makarAna 12 maMdasara 136 majumadAra, ramezacaMdra 121 mAgha 220 -maNaraguDI 201 mAchai 188 matsyapurANa 7-8, 30, 219- mADuMgulA 143 mathurA 5, 20, 27, 29, 51-para, mAdhavavarmA 1 lo (viSakuMDI) 156 pa4, 58-60, 77, 83-99, mAdhyamikA 93 103, 108, 120-23, 125-. mAnakuMvara 122, 128 26, 128-30, 134, 140, mAnasAra 10, 202 145, 198-200, 221-23 mAnasollAsa 11, 202 madrAsa 157, 15, 189, 211, mAnyakheTa 166-67 214-17 mAmallapuram 149, 15ra, 157, 219 maya (AcArya) 7-8, 10. mAyasora 44, 175, 189 mayamata 10 mAyUram 191 mayUrabhaMja 165 mArzala, sara jahona 82, 86 -mayUra 161 mAlavikAgnimitra 1 mahAumagna-jAtaka 37 mAhizaka 36 mahAdeva (yAdava) 188 mAhezvara 14 mahAnaMda 53 mAMgaroLa 147.

Page #246
24 mAMdhAtA 105 rAjamahala 146 mIrapurakhAsa 201, 204 rAjamalla, satyavAya (gaMga) 174 muni, kAntisAgara 208 rAjarAja (caLa) 189 muruDu, kulaMgaraI 107 rAjazAhI 164, 181, 212 mulatAna 4 rAjendra (caLa) 189, 191 muDezvarI 131 rANakapura 187 muMbaI 66, 142, 194, 203, 208, rAdhanapura 219 219 rAkhI (nadI) 47 mUjIgaMja 40 rAmagupta 137 mUrtidhyAna 10 rAmagrAma 63 mUrtilakSaNa 10 rAmacaMdra (yAdava) 188 meghadUta 200 rAmapuravA 45, 48, 51 merataMtra 10 rAmAyaNa 7, 28, 30, 152, 188. mogalarAjapuram 156 218, 222. moDherA 186 rAya, nihAra raMjana 54 merA 88 rAyaparoNIya-sUtta 37, 97 mehejo-daDo 5, 14, 16-18, 21- rAyapura 208 24, 51, 200 rAvalapiMDI 78 yajJazrI sAtakarNa 110. rupara 14 yuana zvAMga 46-48, 117 razminadeya 47-48, 50 yudhiSThira 29 rUpamaMDana 10-11 yUpanka 25 rUpAvatAra 10-11 raghuvaMza 220 revA (pallava rANI) 175 rajonA 132 raDA 148 raNupIpaLI 166 reDIna 214 raMgapura (baMgALa) 212 ronAlDa 54 raMgapura (saurASTra) 21 ropaDa 46 raMgamahala 201 lakSaNasamuccaya 10 rAjakoTa 147 lakhanI 39, 130, 20-01. rAjagRha 43, 47, 61, 112, 130 ' lalitagiri 165 164, 181 rAjaghATa(kAzI) 39, 123, 194, 19, lalitavistara 28, 35, 97 200 lalitAditya mukatApIDa 160

Page #247
laMDana 204 vijayanagara 191, 210, 219 lAhora 81 vijayavADA 143, 156-57, 174 lumbinI 44, 47-48 vijayAditya rajo (viSNukuMDI) 156 lokaprakAza 11 3jo (cAlukaya) 157, 174 lothala 18, 21-24 vidizA (besanagara) 11-para, 93-94, loriyA 48 122, 132, 137, 220 loriyA-ararAja 44, 49 vizAkhadatta 116 loriyA-naMdanagaDha 40-41, 44, 51, vizAlAkSa (AcArya) 8 202 vizvakarma- prakAza 10 lohAnIpura 54 vizvakarma-vAstuzAstra 10 vaDanagara 102, 166, 186 vizvakarmA 6, 8, 10, 25 vaDAvala 147-48 vizvakarmAvatAra 10 vaDodarA 139, 147-48, 150, 167 viSNuvardhana (sALa) 189 varaMgala 188 viiijama 177 varAhamihira -8 vIrapura 101 vardhaka 25 tema kadaphIsa 95, 97 valabhI 102-03, 148, 150, 206 velApura (velUra) 189 vallabhavidyAnagara 12 - velUra 189 vaziSTha (AcArya) 8 vRMgI 59-60, 142,151,156, 174 vastupAla 186 vaikhAnasAgama 8-9 vAtApi (bAdAmI) 150, 167 vaizAlI 40,47-49, 194, 199 vAsyAyana 220 zatruMjaya 186 vAyupurANa 30 zaMkarAcArya 159 vArapAla 201 zAkuMtala 75 vArANasI 46, 51, 62, 66, 114, zAmaLAjI 5, 59, 99, 102, 135, 200 139, 147-48, 199 vAva 139 zAradAtilaka 10 vAsiSThiputra pulumAvi 111 zAha, umAkAMta 121 vAsudeva (AcArya) 8 zAhajIkI DherI 81 vAstuveda 36 zikSAzAstra 36 vAsanusAra 11 ziyAlI 214, vikramorvazIyam 34 zilparatna 10, 117

Page #248
zilpasAra 10 sAMkAzya 40, 44, 46, 51 zizupAlagaDha para sAMcI 4, 27, 28,31, 46-47, 58, zizupAlavadha 220 60, 62-63, 66, 69-70, zukra (AcArya) 8 73, 75, 80, 84, 991, zukranIti 10, 144 97-98, 10, 106,119, 130, zukranItisAra 117 - 132, 147, 199, 218, 222zUrpAraka para 223 zembienmAdevI (cALa) 176 siddhapura 166, 186, 219 zaunaka (AcArya) 8 siddharAja (caulukaya) 185 zrAvastI 46, 194 siddhasara 101 zrI svanidhi 10 sirakapa 223 zrInagara 161 silahaTa 181 zrInivAsanacra 176 siMhaviSNu (pallava) 158, 210 zrImALa 4 smitha, vinsenTa 50, 54 zrI sAtakaNa 61 sIkarI 84 sakalAdhikAra 10 sItA 30. satanA 66 sImuka sAtavAhana 58 saphadaragaMja myujhiyama (dilhI) 21 sugrIva 28, 30 samarAMgaNasUtradhAra 10 suprabhedAgama 8-9 saharI bahalola 80-82, 201 surata 102, 219 saMkisA (sAMkAzya) 40, 44,48, 208 suratagaDha 201 saMprati (maurya) 48 sulatAnagaMja 131, 204 sAgaradidhI 212 sUsA pa4-15 sANA 101 sendramaram 176 sAdaDI 187 seminAtha 186 sAdhanamAlA 11 sohAgapura 185 sAyaNAcArya 1 saudarAnaMda 199 sAranAtha 29, 39,43-45,48, 50, skaMdagupta 116 54, 66, 87, 119, 129- skaMdapurANa 8 31, 141, 146, 151, 223 - mUra sArAbhAI, gautama 211 svAta (nadI) 59 sAhata-mAheta 201 haDappA 5, 14, 16, 18, 21-24

Page #249
17 hanamakoMDa 188 hanumAna 30, 201 hayazIrSa-paMcarAtra 9 haribhakitavilAsa 11 harivaMza 220 halebIDa (lArasamudra) 189 haverI 188 hAvela 55, 82, 88 haviSka 95 hemacaMdrAcArya 1 hemAdri (yAdava maMtrI) 188 hemAvatI 175 heliyodora 94 haidarAbAda 189, 194

Page #250
yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa dvArA prasiddha thayela itihAsa ane bhAratIya saMskRti nAM keTalAMka prakAzano pustakanuM nAma lekha kanu nAma kiMmata azoka ane tenA abhilekha hariprasAda ga. zAstrI 6-00 islAmI saMskRti Do. e. ena. kurezI che 8-00 prAcIna bhArata bhAga 1 Do. hariprasAda gaM, zAstrI 10-00 prAcIna bhArata bhAga 2 Do. hariprasAda ga. zAstrI 11-00 prAcIna bhAratIya zilpakalA Do. priyabALA zAha 14-00 ane sthApatya prAcIna romano itihAsa surezabhAi ema. zAha 11-00 bhAratanI prAcIna sAmAjika saMsthAo Do. rameza suM. beTAi 15-00 bhAratane sAMskRtika itihAsa Do. pravINa sI. parIkha 30-00 (I. sa. 1800-1818) bhAratIya abhilekha vidyA Do. hariprasAda gaM'. zAstrI 19-00 bhAratIya ItihAsanI sAdhanasAmagrI sumanA ze. zAha 4-30 bhAratIya saMskRtinA vikAsamAM videzIonA vijayasiMha ki. cAvaDA 5-50 saMparka nI asara hindu mUrtividhAna Do. priyabALAbena je. zAha 16-50 hindu rAjakIya paddhatino itihAsa De. ke epha. somapurA 14-00 bhAratIya prAcIna zilpakalA rU. -00