Vaishali Institute Research Bulletin 7

Author(s): Nand Kishor Prasad
Publisher: Research Institute of Prakrit Jainology & Ahimsa Mujjaffarpur

Page 37

Vaishali Institute Research Bulletin No. 7
occur at the same time. The moment one entertains the passions in accordance with the nature of that thought the inflow of karma particles takes place simultaneously.
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Like asrava the bondage is also of two kinds-Bhāvabandha (subjective bondage) and Dravyabandha (objective bondage). The cause of bondage lies in the entertainment of passions and consequently happens the actual contact of soul with karma-matter. So Bhāvabandha is a psychical state in which the jiva is infected with passions and Dravyabandha is the actual association of the soul with karma matter. Here also Bhavabandha is prior to dravyabandha only logically. Temporarily both take place at the same time. The moment one is infected with karma particles.
Embodiment of soul is bondage. In this state the soul is considered to be co-extensive with the body it possesses (Svadeha parimana). Thus, "the soul possesses, in common with karmic matter with which it is associated, material form (murtatva) which is regarded as only a characteristic of the material things."11 S. Chatterjee and D. M. Dutta make it more clear by pointing out that "the Jainas conceive the soul primarily as living being (jiva). Consciousness is found in every part of living body, and if consciousness be the character of the soul, the soul should be admitted to be present in every part of the body and, therefore, to occupy space.12 The soul does not fill the space like a material thing but like flight of the lamp that pervades the room in which the lamp is As the soul is co-extensive with body in the state of worldly put. 8 existence, so we find interpenetration (Samśleṣa) of matter and soul in the living body. This interpenetration is like the mixture of milk and water or of fire and iron in a heated iron ball.
The contact or karma particles is of two kinds. The good (punya) activities cause the inflow of meritorious karma particles leading to happy worldly existence but the bad (papa) activities cause the inflow of demeritorious karma particles leading to unhappy worldly life. 14
Nature of Karma determines the nature of bondage. Karma affects the soul in different ways. Bondage depending on the nature of karma is known as Prakṛti-bandha. Karma is of eight kinds. 15 Again, these eight kinds of karma can be put into two broad main classes (1) Ghātīyā
11.
12.
Tatia, Nathmal, op. cit., p. 227.
Chatterji, S. C. and Dutta, D. N., An Introduction to Indian Philosophy, p. 94.
13. Jaini, J. L., op. cit., V. 16.
14. Ibid. VI. 3-4.
15.
Ibid. VIII. 5.