Jain Nyaya Panchashati

Author(s): Vishwanath Mishra, Rajendramuni
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004165/1

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pUjyapAdena AcAryamahAprajana praNAtA jainanyAyapaJcAzatI (nyAyaprakAzikAvyAkhyAyutA) vyAkhyAkAra-paM. vizvanAtha mizra sampAdaka-zAsanazrI muni rAjendra kumAra For Personal & Private Use Only

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pUjyapAdena AcAryamahAprajJena praNItA jainanyAyapaJcAzatI (nyAyaprakAzikAvyAkhyAyutA) vyAkhyAkAra : paM. vizvanAthamizraH AcAryaH jainavidyAvibhAge jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaye sampAdakaH zAsanazrI: muniH rAjendra kumAraH prakAzakaH jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAnam (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) lADanUM-341306, rAjasthAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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(c) jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya), lADanU~ ISBN lekhaka vyAkhyAkAra : paM. vizvanAtha mizra sampAdaka : zAsanazrI muni rAjendra kumAra mUlya prathama saMskaraNa : prakAzaka : 978-81-910633-7-0 : AcArya mahAprajJa mudraka : 2012 : 100 rupaye : jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) lADanU~ - 341306, rAjasthAna samparka - 01581-226110 zrI vardhamAna praisa, navIna zAhadarA, facft - 110032 For Personal & Private Use Only

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zubhAzaMsA zAstrajagati nyAyazAstrasyApi mahattvapUrNa sthAnaM vrivrti| viSayamenamadhikRtya bahavo granthA vidvadvareNyairlikhitAH snti| tAn granthAn pAThaM pAThaM vidyArthI nyAyazAstravettA bhavitumarhati / jainadarzane nyAyamadhikRtya naike granthAH praNItA vickssnnvryaiH| vipazcidapazcimaiH paramapUjyairAcAryamahAprajJavaryairastokAH granthA vyrcisst| teSu : eko laghukAyaH granthaH 'jainanyAyapaJcAzatI' vilsti| laghAvasmin granthe AhetanyAyazAstrasya zobhanaM citraNaM ckaasti| ___paMDitavaryeNa vizvanAthamizramahodayena asyopari 'nyAyaprakAzikAnAmnI' .. vyaakhyaavylekhi| dRSTigocarIbhavati prakANDaM pANDityaM mishrmhaashye| asmin kArye terApaMthadharmasaMghasya labdhavarNasya zAsanazrImunirAjendrakumAramahAbhAgasyApi zramazIkarAH saMlagnAH snti| gIrvANavANyAM viracitasyAsya granthasya vyAkhyAyAzca hindIbhASArUpAntaraNamapi vihitamasti / anena svalpasaMskRtajJAnAM kRte'pi asaMskRtajJAnAM cApi kRte pustakamidaM ptthniiytaamvaapsyti| AzAse'haM nyAyavidyArthinAM kRte grntho'ymupyogitaamshnuyaat| AcAryaH mahAzramaNaH kRSNAbAlabhAratIzikSaNasaMsthAnam, ratAUgrAmaH 23/2/11, budhavAsaram For Personal & Private Use Only

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sadabhAvanA jJAna meM gaharAI, UMcAI tathA praur3hatA ke sAtha vyavahAra meM bAlasulabha saralatA, vinamratA evaM sAdagI kI apUrva mizAla haiM paNDita vishvnaathmishr| rASTrapati puraskAra se sammAnita zrI mizrajI jainanyAya ke adhikRta pravaktA haiN| jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya ko ApakI garimAmaya sevAeM dIrghakAla se upalabdha haiN| atIndriya medhA ke dhanI AcAryazrI mahAprajJa kI anupama kRti 'jainanyAyapaJcAzatI' para nyAyaprakAzikA nAmaka saMskRta vyAkhyA aura usakA hindI rUpAntaraNa kara use prakAzana hetu prastuta karane kA zreya zrI mizrajI ko hai| isameM viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa bahuta sundara DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna darzanoM kI sambaddha bAteM sapramANa isameM dI gaI haiN| isa prakAzana kArya se jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya apane Apako gauravAnvita anubhava kara rahA hai| viSaya ke vaividhya evaM usake vizadIkaraNa ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha pustaka jaina nyAya meM praveza karane vAloM ke lie sarala sopAna hai| jijJAsu vyakti isase nizcitarUpa se lAbhAnvita ho sakeMge, isa sadbhAvanA ke sAtha... samaNI cAritraprajJA kulapati jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM For Personal & Private Use Only

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purovAk AcAryamahAprajJapraNItA jainanyAyapaJcAzatIti nAmnA vizrutA ekA vilakSaNA kRtiH| saralasaMskRte zlokabaddheyaM kRtiH jainadarzanasya maulikaM tattvaM bodhayituM kSameti nAstyatra manAgapi sNshyH| pustakamidaM nyaayvidyaayaaH| nyAyavidyA ca bhAratasya prAcInatamA vidyaa| vidyeyaM sakalazAstrapravezadvAramiti vadanti budhvraaH| svakIyajJAnagarimNAkhyApayatIyaM bhAratam, vizodhayati mAnasam, vardhayati tArkikazaktiM, kiM bahunA sAdhayati niHzreyasaM tattvajJAnadvAreti apUrvaH khalu mahimA nyaayvidyaayaaH| jainadarzane pravezaM kAmayamAnAnAM kRte kiyadupayoginIyaM, vidyeti svasaMvedyo'rthaH / iyaM khalu nyAyavidyA, nyAyazAstraM tathA AnvIkSikItyAdi, vibhinnaiH shbdairbhilpyte| AnvIkSikI zabdArthazca'-pratyakSAgamAbhyAmIkSitasya anvIkSaNamanvIkSA tayA pravartata ityAnvIkSikI nyAyavidyA nyaayshaastrm| nyAyavidyA srvshaastropkaarikaa| uktaJca' pradIpaH sarvavidyAnAmupAyaH srvkrmnnaam| : AznayaH sarvadharmANAM seyamAnvIkSikI mtaa|| AnvIkSikI sampUrNavidyAnAM prakAzikA sampUrNakarmaNAM sAdhikA tathA smstdhrmaannaamaashryiibhuutaasti| desho'ymaatmcintnprdhaanH| cintanasya sarasasalilA mandAkinI atra pravahantI vartate anAdikAlata ev| phalasvarUpaM jAto'tra mahAn khalu vikAso drshnshaastrsy| ata eva zrUyante'tra bahUni darzanAni / teSvanyatamamasti nyaaydrshnm| tatra ko'yaM nyAyaH? kA ca tadIyA paribhASeti jijJAsAyAM nyAyabhASyakAro vAtsyAyano brUte-- 'pramANairarthaparIkSaNaM nyaay:'| tAtparyamidaM yat pramANadvArA arthasya parIkSaNameva nyaayH| 1,2. nyAyabhASyam: suutr-1| 3. nyAyabhASyam 1/1/1 / (iii) For Personal & Private Use Only

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umAsvAteranusAraM tu 'pramANa nayairadhigamaH / sarvAMzagrAhiNA pramANena tathA aMzagrAhiNA nayena ca padArthAdhigama eva nyaayH| atrAdhigamaH parIkSaNasvarUpa ev| . AcAryamahAprajJAnusAraM tu vastunaH svarUpaM svataH siddhamasti, ko'pi tajjAnIyAnna vA jaaniiyaat| jJAtA yadA jAnAti tadA tad prameyaM bhvti| yena jJAnena jJAyate padArthastad jJAnaM yadi samyagasti tadA tad prmaannmityucyte| anena prakAreNa pramANanayairAdhigamo nyaayH| anena prakAreNa vaktuM zakyate yat mAnavajIvane nyAyazAstrasya mahatI vartate upyogitaa| nyAyazAstrasya pravartako gautamo muniH niHzreyasamevAsya zAstrasya prayojanamudaghoSayat / taduktam- ... duHkhajanmapravRttidoSamithyA-jJAnAnAmanyatarApAye tadanantarAbhAvAt apavargaH / asyAyaM bhAva:- tattvasAkSAtkArAt mithyAjJAnasya nivRttirbhavati mithyAjJAnanivRttyA ca rAgadveSamohAnAM doSANAM nivRttirbhavati, doSANAM nivRttyA ca dharmAdharmarUpapravRtternivRttirjAyate, pravRtternivRttyA ca punrjnmnivRttiH| tayA ca samastaduHkhAnAmAtyantika-nivRttirUpamokSasya prAptiriti tttvvidH| umAsvAminA'pi tattvArthasUtre eSa khalu garIyAn viSayaH-'samyagdarzanajJAnacaritrANi mokSamArgaH' iti gabhIrabhAvabharite laghusUtre samyaktayA nidhApita iti vadanti tttvjnyaaH| . ___pustake'smin sarvaprathamaM kRto vicAraH prmaannsyopri| prameyo mAnavAnAM kRte nAntarIyo vissyH| tasya siddhirjaptirvA pramANAdhIneti vimRzya kRto vicAro'tra griiyaan| pramANaM tu jJAnameva na tu indriyANi tatsannikarSo vyApArAdayo vA, teSAM jaDatvena heyopaadeyaarthmvboddhumsmrthtvaat| jJAnasya pramANatve pramitiH pramANamityeva pramANazabdasya sAdhIyasI vyutpattirna tu pramIyate jJAyate yena tat jJAnasAdhanaM pramANam etAdRzapramANatvasya snnikrssaadaavtivyaapteH| vastutastu AtmA manasA yujyate, mana indriyeNa, indriyamarthena, tataH pratyakSamiti nyAyazAstrarItyA sannikarSasyaiva pramANatvaM 1. tattvArthasUtram 1/6 / 2. jainanyAya kA vikAsa pR.7| 3. nyAyadarzanam 1/1/2 / (iv) For Personal & Private Use Only

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vaktuM zakyaM tathApi sannikarSajanye jJAne yadarthaprakAzakatvaM vartate tasya tadIyakAraNIbhUte sannikarSe samAropya sannikarSasyApi aupacArikaM pramANatvaM vaktuM zakyamevAsti / asminneva prasaGge bauddhAbhimataM tadutpattitadAkAratAmatamapi nirAkRtamAcAryeNa / atrAyaM bauddhAbhiprAyaH--jJAnaM vastunA utpadyate / vastunaH samutpannaM jJAnaM vastvAkAratAmupaiti / vastvAkAratAmupetameva jJAnaM vastu prakAzayati / yad jJAnaM vastvAkAratAM nopaiti tat tavastu na prakAzayati / ayameva tadutpattistadAkAratAsiddhAntaH svIkRta: bauddhakRtAnte / etannirAkurvan AcAryaH pratyapAdayat yat ghaTAdyarthAn prakAzayan dIpo ghaTAkArAkAritAM nopaiti cet jJAnameva ghaTAdIn prakAzayat kathaM ghaTAdyAkAratAmupeyAt / tasmAd naitad yuktaM tadutpattistadAkAratA matam / etadatiriktaM tamo'pi vartata ekaM vivAdasthalam / tamo dravyamasti na veti vicikitsaa| vadanti tatra kecana - guNakriyAzrayo hi dravyam / etAdRzaM dravyatvaM tu tamasi vartate eva / zrUyate cAtra 'nIlaM tamazcalatIti' ' / tatra nIlapadena tamasi guNavatvaM tathA calanakriyayA tatra kriyAzrayatvaM spaSTamevaM / evaJca guNakriyAzrayo dravyamiti paribhASitaM dravyatvaM tamasi spaSTameva vartate / yadi cocyate dravyatvena prasiddheSu pRthivyAdinavadravyeSveva tamaso'ntarbhAve siddhe kathaM svIkriyatAM tamo dravyamiti ? kintu kathanamidaM na yuktaM, yato hi tamaso rUpavatvAt arupi AkAzAdiSu paJcasu nAntarbhAvaH / nirgandhasya tamaso gandhavatyAM pRthivyAmapi nAntarbhAvaH / jale zItasparzavatvAt tejasi ca uSNasparzavatvAt tatrApi naantrbhaavH| tasmAt tamo dravyameveti kathanaM nirAkriyate tArkikaiH / atredaM tadIyaM kathanam- yat tamasi nIlarUpapratItistu bhrAntireva / tatra yA calanakriyA sA tu dIpApasAraNaprayuktA aupAdhikI eva / 1 etadviparItaM vadanti buMdhA yat tamasi guNaH karma ca dRzyata eva tamo'sti ityevaMrUpeNa astinA bhavati pratIti stamasaH / asataH satvena pratItirnaiva bhavati / tamasastu pratItirbhavati / abhAvapadArthe na ko'pi guNo na ca kApi kriyA / tasmAt guNakriyAzrayatvAt tamaso'stitvaM vartata eva / taduktam 1. tarkasaMgrahanyAyabodhinI - pR. 2 / 2. mAnameyodaya pR. 152 / (v) For Personal & Private Use Only

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guNakarmAdisadbhAvAdastIti pratibhAsataH / pratiyogyasmRtezcaiva bhAvarUpaM dhruvaM tmH|| paJca santi jJAnendriyANi zabda-rUpa-gandha-rasa-sparza-grAhakANi prsiddhaani| tatra cakSurmanazca vyatiricya anyAni vastu prApya prakAzakArINi santi / cakSurmanazcetyetad dvayaM tu aprApyakAriindriyamasti / apare katipaye dArzanikA anayorapi cakSurmanasoH prApyakAritvaM vdnti| tanmatamapi niraakRtmtr| ___. anena prakAreNa vibhinnamatamatAntaraM prastutya nirAkRtya ca AcAryeNa kiyadupakRtamiti vidanti budhvraaH| pustakamidaM darzanazAstrasya vrtte| kadA prabhRti darzanazAstraM prArabdhamiti vaktuM na shkyte| anAdikAliko'yaM dArzaniko vikaasH| darzanasya bIjabhUmirasti jijJAsA na tu kAcid vibhISikA sasaMbhramA sthitirvA / vaicitryopetaM jagadidaM darza darza cintanaparAyaNasya puruSasya manasi bhavatIyaM jijJAsA yat kasmAdidam? kenedaM kRtam? athavA anAdikAliko'yaM pravAho vartate gatimAn jagadpeNa? nAtra citraM yad etAdRzyo vividhA jijJAsAH samupalabhyante vedeSu upaniSatsu jainAgameSu c| bhagavatA mahAvIreNa sAkaM gautamasya samvAdeSvapi nihitAni darzanazAstrasya biijaani| maharSAsasya brahmasUtrANyapi santi darzanazAstrasya srotAMsi / bhAratasya kRte gauravAspadamidaM yata deze'tra gabhIracintanAbhivyaJjakadarzanazAstrANi raajnte| ata eva zrUyate yat darzanazAstrANi bhAratasyAmUlyo nidhiriti| vaicitryopete jagatyasmin kaH khalu sAraH? kiJcAtra heyaM, kiJcopAdeyamityAdayo viSayAH samAdhIyante kevalaM drshnshaastrennaiv| asmin deze divyajJAnAtmakapayaHpUtA sarasasalilA mandAkinI anavarataM pravahantI prastauti sumadhuraM pAtheyaM tattvajijJAsUnAM kRte| asmin evopakrame samAgataM pustakaM jainanyAyapaJcAzatI' iti pustkm| pustakamidaM likhitam AcArya mahAprajJena'lpe vysi| anena jJAtuM zakyate mahAprajJasya vidyAvaibhavaM pratibhApATavaJca / nikhila-zAstrAvagAhinI tadIyA medhA kimapyapUrvameva racayati, bhAvayati ca apUrvAn bhavyAn bhAvAn kRte vidyaavtaam| (vi) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pustakasyAsya yadi vyAkhyA kRtA syAt tadA pustakamidaM syAdadhikajanopayogIti manasi nidhAya nivedito mahAprajJamahodayaH jijnyaasaa-prvnnairjijnyaasubhiH| itaH pUrvaM kRtA mayA vyAkhyA saMskRte bhikSunyAyakarNikA' nAmakasya pustksy| pustakamidaM prakAzitaM jainavizvabhAratIvizvavidyAlayena / samAdRtaM caitad vidvjjnsndohen| etasmai prazastakarmaNe puraskAramAptuM yadAhaM gatavAn udayapuraM tadA AcAryapravaraH samAhUya mAmavocat yat asyApi 'jainanyAyapaJcAzatI' nAmakasya pustakasyApi tathaiva vyAkhyA vidhiiytaam| AcAryavaryasya vaco'nusAraM prArabdhaM mayA vyaakhyaakaarym| karmaNyasmin muni rAjendrakumArasyAvismaraNIyaH sahayogaH smpraaptH| saralacetobhirebhirmahAnubhAvaiH saMskRtasya hindI: vidhAya TaMkaNasaMzuddhiJca vidhAya yadupakRtaM tadarthamahameSAM bhRshmaabhaarmaavhaami| avasare'smin mama ziSyAyAH suzrIvasudhAyA api sahayogo nAsti vismrnniiyH| munivarANAM sannidhau yatra kutrApi mayA gantavyaM bhavati tatra sarvatra chAyeva mayA saha gatvA pustakAnAmAdAnapradAne, pustakeSu zabdAnveSaNe ca yat sAhAyyaM vihitamanayA, tadarthamahaM vitarAmi asyai aashiiraashiin| pustakasyAsya prakAzane samApatitaM vighnbaahulym| tAMzca sarvAn vighnAn samatikramya nAhaM virataH pustkprkaashnaat| pustakasyAsya prakAzane janavizvabhAratIvizvavidyAlayasya pUrva-kulapateH DaoN. samaNImaMgalaprajJAyAH samupalabdho'pUrvaH shyogH| etadarthamahaM tadarthaMbhRzamAbhAraM jnyaapyaami| vizvavidyAlayasya vartamAnakulapatirapi audAryasaujanyAdiguNagaNasamanvitA mahattotsAhena pustakamidaM prakAzya kRto lAbhAnvito budhajanasandoha iti abhinndaamiimaam| atrAvasare mukhyaniyojikA sAdhvIvizrutavibhA api vartate'bhinandanIyA yayA pustakasthazlokAnAM hindyAM kRto'rthH| jainanyAyapaJcAzatI' nAmakaM pustakamidaM laghukalevarakamapi gabhIrabhAvabharitAni tathyAni nidhApayati svAtmani / pustake'smin santi paJcAzat shlokaaH| ____ zlokAnAM vyAkhyA saMskRte tathA hindyAM ca kRtA myaa| hindIvyAkhyAmAdhyamena saMskRtavyAkhyAmavaboddhaM kSamaH ko'pi jnH| pustake samAgatAnAM kaThinazabdAnAmartho'pi pariziSTe likhito vrtte| pustakasya prakAzane jAto mahAn vilamba iti jAto me .. . (vii) For Personal & Private Use Only

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khedo mhaan| atra tu mamAsvAsthyameva kAraNamiti marSaNIyo'yaM jnH| jainadarzanasya hArdamavaboddhaM pustakamidaM saralo raajmaargH| svakIyavizeSatayA toSayiSyatIdaM budhAniti me vishvaasH| -vizvanAthamizraH jainavizvabhAratI, lADanUM 9/9/1911 vAgvaibhavam apUrvaH khalu mahimA praavaacH| jagadvyavahAraprayojikA iyameva / yadi nAsthAsyat vAgAtmikA zaktiriha saMsAre tadAmUkAH kiM karttavya vimUDhAzcalokA kathaGkAraM parasparaM vyavAhAriSyan? vilakSaNazakti sampanneyam vartate aghaTitaghaTanA ptthiiysii| divA prakAzate suuryH| dIpyate candraH rAtrau kintu yadA na sUryaprakAzo na vA cAndramasI jyotsnA varSatau samAcchannaM nabhomaNDalaM valAhakaistasmin samaye ghore'ndhatamasi pathikazcaikaH catuSpathe tiSThan anavAptamArgaH khinnamanA zRNotIdaM vAkyamita AyAhi ita aayaahiiti| zrute zabde tadIyaM prakAzamupetyAsau svagantavya-mupaitIti vartate'nirvacanIyA zaktiH shbde| sA ceyaM vAk parA-pazyantImadhyamA vaikharItibhedabhinnA cturdhaa| tatra tAvat parAvAk anAdi nidhanA kRtAdhivAsA mUlacakre vaktuH prayatnapreritA nAbhi saMsthitA kevalaM yogigamyA pazyantIpadavAcyA / hradisthA madhyama padavAcyA vaikharI sarvajanaprayujyamAnA tarpayati lokaan| ata ucyate AdhArasthAmarthazabdaika rUpAM pazyantIM tAM naabhigaaNyogigmyaam| hRnmadhyasthAM madhyamAM tAM vadanti vyaktAM vAcaM vaikharI tAM nmaamH|| (viii) For Personal & Private Use Only

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sampAdakIyam AhetadarzanamAtmavAdidarzanaM ckaasti|aatmsaakssaatkaarstsy pramukhaM dhyeymsti| yathA yathA samayo vyatItaH naikeSAM darzanAnAM prAdurbhAvaH sNjaatH| bhAratIyaparamparAyAM mukhyatayA SaDdarzanAni pracalitAni aasn| taiH sArdham aneke vAdA matavAdAzcApi saMyuktAH smjnisst| AdhyAtmikadarzanasya sthAnaM buddhivAde smaahitm| yatra bauddhikatAyAH prAdhAnyaM vartate ttraantrdrshnmupsrjniibhvti| tatrotpadyante vAdA vivAdAstarkA vitarkAzca / teSAM zamanArthaM nivAraNArthaM vA nyAyasya mahatyAvazyakatA bhvti| yAvadeva ko'pi tarko vitarko vA nyAyatulAM nAdhirohati tAvanna tasya prAmANyaM siddhyti| 'jainanyAyapaJcAzatI' itinAmA grantho'yaM praNIto'sti pUjyapAdairAcAryavaryaiH shriimhaaprjnyaiH| ayaM paJcAzatzlokeSu nibddho'sti| nyAyarasikAnAM siMhadvAramasti nyAyamavabodhayituM grntho'ym| laghukAyaM bhajamAno'pyayaM vipulasAmagrI prastotuM shknoti| granthakAraiH granthasyAsya mAdhyamena gagaryAM sAgaraM bharituM sAyAsaH prytno'kaari| AcAryamahAprajJAH terApaMthadharmasaMghasya dazamAdhizAstAraH pravacanapaTavaH vilakSaNalekhakAH smaasn| zatAdhikagranthAsteSAM kuzalalekhinyA likhitAH snti| AcAryavaryANAM jJAnaM sarvaprakAzakaM bahuzrutaM vizvavizrutaM caasiit| anekeSu grantheSu prastutagrantho'pi nyAyakSetre svopayogitAM nyAyavidAM ca kRte pathapradarzanaM krissyti| pUjyapAdAnAM mahAprajJAnAM saMketAnusAreNa paMDitavaryaiH mahAbhAgaiH zrIvizvanAthamitraiH granthasyAsyopari nyAyaprakAzikAnAmnI vyAkhyA vylekhi| anena kAryeNa granthasya atyadhikA muulyvttaa-'vrdhisstt| paMDitavaryAH labdhavarNanivahe vyAkaraNavizAradAH, naiyAyikAH, vaiduSyamaMDitAH, darzanakoSavyAkaraNAdInAM rahasyAnAM vettAraH snti| samprati te jainavizvabhAratIsaMsthAne tadantargate vizvavidyAlaye adhyaapnrtaashckaasti| teSAM vinamro vyavahAraH sAralyaM antaHkaraNaM spRzati, anavaratamadhyApanakauzalaM ca pratibhAsate vidyArthinAM cetsi| guruvaryANAM mahAprajJAnAM saMketaM zirodhArya ahamapi asmin kArye vyApRto jaatH| sampAdanakAryaM kRtm| nAhaM nyAyavettA kintu nyaayrsiko'smi| madIyAH zramazIkarAH (ix) For Personal & Private Use Only

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puNyakArye'smin taralitAH te ca saaphlympydhigtvntH| mayA vilokitaM yajjainanyAyasya prANabhUtaM tattvamasti syAdvAdasya siddhaantH| anekAntasyAloke prastutagrantho'yaM jainatattvAnAM siddhiM prastauti / granthe'smin anekA vizeSatAH sannihitAH santi 1. anuSTupchandasi zlokAnAM prastutIkaraNaM grnthkaaraiH| . 2. saralasubodhadevavANyAM vyAkhyAyA upaDhaukanam vyaakhyaakaaraiH| 3. vyAkhyAyA hindiiruupaantrnnm| 4. nyAyaprazikSUNAM jijJAsUnAM ca kRte prveshdvaarm| 5. upayogipariziSTaiH smlNkRtH| .. paMDitavaryaiH mamopari vizvAsaH kRtH| mayApi tadanurUpaM kRtaM saahaayym| pariNAmasvarUpaM 'jainanyAyapaJcAzatI' nAmakaM pustakaM praakaashymupgtm| laghukalevarakamapi pustakaM viduSAM toSAya bhaviSyatIti me vishvaasH| yuvamanISibhiH pUjyairAcArya-mahAzramaNairapi asya granthasya kRte zubhAzaMsAM vilikhya mahAnupakAro vydhaayi| te'pi santi pUjyAH smaadrnniiyaashc| pustakamidaM budhajanasandohasamAdRtaM sat bhAsatAmanavaratamiti kaamymaanH| zAsanazrI: muniH rAjendrakumAraH kizanagar3hanagaram 9/3/2011 budhavAsaram For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryamahAprajJaparicayaH janma dIkSA agragaNyaH sAhayyapatiH 14 jUna 1920, Tamakora vi. saM. 1977, ASADhakRSNA trayodazI 10 pharavarI 1931, saradArazaharanagare vi.saM. 1987 mAghazuklA dazamI 6 pharavarI 1944, gaMgAzaharasthAne vi. saM. 2000, mAghazuklA trayodazI 30 julAI 1947, ratanagar3hanagare vi. saM. 2004, zrAvaNazuklA trayodazI 28 janavarI 1966, hisAranagare vi. saM. 2022, mAghazuklA SaSThI 12 navambara 1978, gaMgAzahara vi. saM. 2035, kArtika zuklA trayodazI 4 pharavarI 1979, rAjaladesaranagare vi. saM. 2035, mAghazuklA saptamI 18 pharavarI 1994, sujAnagar3he vi. saM. 2050, mAghazuklA saptamI nikAyasacivaH mahAprajJa-alaMkaraNam yavAcAryamanonayanam AcAryapadam (xi) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAryapadAbhiSekaH yugapradhAnapadam yugapradhAnapadAbhiSekaH 5 pharavarI 1995, dillI rAjadhAnyAm vi. saM. 2051, mAghazuklA SaSThI 23 janavarI 1999, TohAnA vi. saM. 2055, mAghazuklA SaSThI 19 sitambara 1999, dillI rAjadhAnyAm vi. saM. 2056, bhAdrava zuklA navamI .. indirAgAMdhI rASTrIya ekatA puraskAra 2003, dharmacakravartI 2004, rASTrIya sAmpradAyika ebhiH puraskAraiH puraskRtaH sammAnitazca sAhityajagati carcito lekhakaH shtaadhik-pustkaanaam| dArzanikaH prabuddhaH cintakazca / 9 maI 2010, saradArazaharanagare vi. saM. 2067, dvi. vaizAkha kRSNA ekAdazI vizeSajJAtavyam mahAprayANam (xii) For Personal & Private Use Only

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viSayAnukrama zlokasaM. viSaya 1. gurostavanam 2. pramANasyalakSaNam 3. jJAnasyajaDatvanirAsa: 4. dIpadRSTAntena jJAnasyArthaprakAzakatvam 5. dIpopalambhe dIpAntarasyagaveSaNamayuktam 6. jJAnasya viSayAkAratAnirAsaH 7. sannikarSasya na pramANatvam 8. pramANasya bhedAH 9. pratyakSasya dvau bhedau 10. sAMvyavahArikapratyakSabhedAH 11. indriyANAM prApyAprApyakAritvavicAra 12. manasaH prApyakAritvanirAsaH 13. cakSurmanasorupadhAtAnugrahau na staH 14. zrotrendriyasya prApyakAritA / 15. zrotrendriya viSaye bauddhamatanirAsaH 16. parokSapramANasya bhedAH 17. jJAnasya svarUpam 18. jJAnadvArA jJeyasya grahaNam . . 19. vastunaH (sataH) lakSaNam 20. vastunaHbhinnatA 21. utpAdavyayAdInAmekAdhirakaNatvam . 22. utpAdAdInAM bhedAbhedatvam 23. astitvamAtreNa dravyaM jIvo na bhavati 23. kAryakAraNayo bhinnAbhinnatA 20-23 24 25-26 27-28 29-30 31-33 34 (xiii) For Personal & Private Use Only

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24. sAmAnyavizeSayo vaizeSika matanirAsaH 25. ekAnekayorabhedatvam 26. zabdaH paudgaliko nAkAzaguNaH 27. zabdaviSaye mImAMsakamatam 28. zabdo na AkAzaguNa itidraDhayati 29. dhvaninA sahazabda samAnatA 30. tamaso dravyatvasAdhanam 31. tamaso bhAvarUpa 32. AtmasvarUpam 33. AtmanaH pratibimbatvanirAsa: 34. lakSaNaM lakSaNAbhAsazca 35. chAyAyAH dravyatvasAdhanam 36. guroH prabhAvaH pariziSTa-1 pariziSTa-2 112 (xiv) For Personal & Private Use Only

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OM namo'rhadbhyaH nyAyaprakAzikAvyAkhyAyutA jainanyAyapaJcAzatI (1) pradIpopame nyAyazAstra saralatayA tattvabubhutsUnAMpravezaM kAmayamAna AcAryo jainanyAyapaJcAzatInAmaka granthamArabhamANastatra nikhilapratyUhapratibandhakaM maGgalamAcarati nyAyazAstra pradIpa ke samAna prakAzaka hai| tattvajijJAsuoM ke saralatA se praveza ke lie tathA usameM samasta vighnoM ke nivAraNa ke lie granthakAra AcArya 'jainanyAyapaJcAzatI' nAmaka grantha ke prAraMbha meM maMgalAcaraNa kara rahe haiM yenArpitA vilasati zAradA hRdyaanggnne| tAmevAhamupayuJje zritvA taM tulasI smRtau||1|| jinake dvArA pradatta sarasvatI mere hRdayAMgaNa meM vilAsa kara rahI hai, maiM una AcAryazrI tulasI kA smaraNa kara usI zAradA kA upayoga kara rahA huuN| nyAyaprakAzikA ... yena madIyena guruNA AcAryazrItulasImahAbhAgena arpitA-kRpayA sannidhApitA sthirIkRteti bhAvaH, zAradA-sarasvatI mama hRdayAGgaNehRdayamevAGgaNam hRdayAGgaNam, tasmin vilasati-ullasati, tatra kRtAdhivAseti bhaavH| taM tulasIM guruM smRtau zritvA-Azritya tAM zAradAmeva upayuJjeupayunajmi, tasyAH zAradAyA upayogaM karomIti bhAvaH / atra hRdaye'GgaNatvAropAt ruupkaalngkaarH| zAradAyA vilAsopayogitvena hRdayasyAdhiSThAnatvamucitamiti kRtastatra tadAropa iti bhaavH| For Personal & Private Use Only

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- jainanyAyapaJcAzatI mere guru AcArya zrItulasI ne mere hRdayAMgaNa meM jisa zAradA-sarasvatI kA AdhAna kiyA hai, maiM una guru tulasI kA smaraNa kara usI zAradA kA upayoga kara rahA huuN| (2) pramANaprameyAdicaturaGgasamanvite nyAyazAstre mahatI upAdeyatA prmaannaanaam| kiJca 'prameyasiddhiH pramANAd hi' ityAptoktyA prameyANAM siddhiH-jJaptiH pramANAdeva bhvti| tata eva ca hAnopAdeyabuddhayo jAyante iti pramANAnAM nAntarIyakatAmavekSya tallakSayan kArikAmavatArayati nyAyazAstra ke cAra aMga hote haiM-pramANa, prameya, pramAtA aura prmiti| usameM pramANa kI mahatI upAdeyatA hotI hai, kyoMki prameya kI siddhi pramANa se hI hotI hai, yaha Aptokti hai| kyA heya hai aura kyA upAdeya hai- isa prakAra kA viveka usI se hotA hai| isI uddezya se pramANa ke lakSaNa kI AvazyakatA ko dRSTigata kara granthakAra kArikA ko likha rahe haiM svaparavyavasAyyeva jJAnaM prmaannmucyte| .. pramANaM jJAnameva syaaddheyaadeyvivecnaat||2|| sva-para-vyavasAyI-sva aura para kA nizcaya karane vAlA jJAna hI pramANa hai| heya aura Adeya kA vivecana jJAna ke dvArA hI hotA hai, isaliye jJAna hI pramANa hai| nyAyaprakAzikA pramANaM bhavati prameyajJApakamiti eka tthym| tacca pramANaM kiM svarUpamiti pratipAdayitukAma AcAryo brUte-svasya-AtmanaH parasyavastuno'rthasya ca nizcAyakaM jJAnameva prmaannm| svayaM prakAzamAnaM sat yat paramapi prakAzayati tat svaparaprakAzakaM jJAnameva prmaannm| svaprakAzakatve sati svetaraprakAzakatvaM pramANatvamiti bhaavH| atra svapadena pramANasya grahaNaM tathA parapadena pramANetarasya vastuno ghaTapaTAdyarthasya grahaNaM karttavyamiti bhaavH| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 3. pramANaM pratyekaM darzane upayujyata iti kRtaM tattadarzane'sya lkssnnm| vartate cAtra vaimatyaM daarshnikaanaam| tatra tAvat naiyAyikA vadanti yat 'pramAkaraNaM prmaannm'| na ca pramAyAH karaNAni bahUni santi prmaatRprmeyaadiini| kintu naitAni sarvANi pramANAni, yato hi satyapi pramAtari prameye ca notpadyate pramA, kintu yadA viSayaiH saha jAyante indriyasaMyogAdayastadaivotpadyate prameti dRSTvA etadeva nizcIyate yat indriyasaMyogAdireva krnnm| kintu kathanametana smiiciinm| yato hi jaDAni indriyANi, teSAM saMyogo'pi jaDa ev| jaDapadArthaiH kathamutpadyatAM jnyaanm| tasmAnna indriyasaMyogAdiH prmaannm| kiJcendriyasaMyogAdeH pramANatvamapi avyaaptyaadidossgrstm| na ca bhavati cakSuHsaMyogaH padArthaiH saha, ckssusso'praapykaaritvaat| tasmAna indriyasaMyogAdiH prmaannm| uparyuktarItyA sAMkhyAbhimata' indriyavyApAro'pi acetntvaadprmaannmev| evameva mImAMsakAbhimato' jJAtRvyApAro'pi na bhavitumarhati prmaanntaam| jaDo'cetanaH kartuH vyApArona kadApi prmaannm|anyaiv rItyA jayantabhaTTAnusAra ghaTavadajJAnasvarUpasya kArakasAkalyasyApi pramANatvaM nirAkRtaM bhvti|vstutstu kArakasAkalyasya svarUpameva susthiraM na bhavatIti tasya prmaanntvNvktumshkymev| anena vivecanena idaM vijJAtaM bhavati yat vibhinnadArzanikairyat pramANasya lakSaNaM prastutIkRtaM tat sarvam anupayuktameva, yato hi taiH svIkRtam pramANatvaM jaDapadArthe na sNghttte| tasmAt granthakArakRtaM heyopAdeyavivecakaM jJAnameva pramANaM mantavyam, tasya sv-prprkaashktvaat| 1. tarkabhASA, gjaannshaastriikRtttiikaa| 2. pramANaM vRttireva ca : yogavArtikam : pR. 30, sAMkhyapra. bhASyam 1-87 / 3. tena janmaiva viSaye buddhApAra issyte| tadeva ca pramArUpaM tadvatI kAraNaM ca dhiiH||.. .. ___ zlokavArttikam : pR. 109, zlo. 56 / 4. avyabhicAriNImasandigdhAmarthopalabdhiM vidadhatI bodhA'bodha svabhAvA sAmagrI pramANam : nyAyamaMjarI, pR. 12 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI pramANa se prameya kA jJAna hotA hai, yaha eka tathya hai| usa pramANa kA svarUpa kyA hai, isakA pratipAdana karane ke icchuka AcArya kahate haiM-sva aura para vastu kA nizcayAtmaka jJAna hI pramANa hai| jo jJAna svayaM prakAzita hotA huA dUsaroM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai vaha sva-para-prakAzaka jJAna hI pramANa hai| yahAM svapada se pramANa kA grahaNa tathA parapada se pramANa se bhinna arthAt padArthamAtra-ghaTapaTAdi kA grahaNa karanA caahie| pratyeka darzana meM pramANa upayogI hai, isalie una darzanoM (naiyAyika, vaizeSika, sAMkhyayogAdi) meM bhI isakA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya meM dArzanikoM kA matabheda hai| naiyAyikoM kA kahanA hai ki pramA arthAt yathArthajJAna kA jo karaNa hai vahI pramANa hai| yahAM zaMkA hotI hai ki pramAtA, prameya Adi pramA ke aneka karaNa haiM kintu ye saba pramANa nahIM hai, kyoMki pramAtA aura prameya ke rahane para bhI pramA utpanna nahIM hotii| kintu viSaya (padArtha) ke sAtha jaba indriyoM kA samparka hotA hai taba hI pramA utpanna hotI hai| isI bAta ko dRSTigata kara nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai ki indriyasaMyogAdi hI pramA ke karaNa hai, isalie vahI pramANa hai| kintu yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki indriyAM jar3a haiM, unakA saMyoga bhI jar3a hai| aisI sthiti meM jar3a padArthoM se jJAna kaise utpanna hogA? isalie indriyasaMyogAdi pramANa nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki indriyasaMyoga ko pramANa mAnane para avyAptidoSa A jAtA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki cakSu aprApyakArI indriya hai| viSaya se samparka hue binA hI cakSu se viSaya kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, isalie indriyasaMyoga pramANa nahIM hai| isI rIti se sAMkhyAbhimata indriyavyApAra bhI pramANa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha bhI acetana hai| isI prakAra mImAMsakoM kA abhimata-jo jJAtRvyApAra kA pramANatva hai vaha bhI anupayukta hai| kartA kA jar3a-acetana vyApAra kabhI pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| isI paddhati se jayantabhaTTa ke anusAra ghaTa ke samAna ajJAnasvarUpa kArakasAkalya kA pramANatva bhI khaMDita ho jAtA hai| vAstava meM kArakasAkalya kA svarUpa hI susthira nahIM ho pAtA, isa sthiti meM usakA pramANatva kaise siddha ho sakatA hai? For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI isa vivecana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vibhinna dArzanikoM ne pramANa kA jo lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai vaha sarvathA anupayukta hai, kyoMki unhoMne indriyavyApAra Adi jar3a padArtha ko hI pramANa mAnA hai| vaha ucita nahIM hai, isalie granthakAra dvArA kiyA gayA heya-upAdeya kA vivecaka jJAna hI pramANa mAnya hai, kyoMki vahI sva-para kA prakAzaka hai| (3) jJAnaM dIpa iva sva-para-prakAzi bhavatIti tasyaiva pramANatvaM yuktm| ghaTa iva jaDatve jJAnasya tadapi prakAzayituM jJAnAntaramapekSitaM syAdityanavasthApAtaH syAditi sUcayati jJAna dIpaka kI bhAMti sva-para-prakAzaMka hotA hai, isalie jJAna kA hI pramANatva ucita hai| yadi jJAna ghaTa kI bhAMti jar3a hotA to use prakAzita karane ke lie jJAnAntara kI apekSA hogI aura usa jJAnAntara ko prakAzita karane ke lie anya jJAna kI apekSA hogii| isa prakAra yahAM anavasthA doSa kI Apatti A jAtI hai| isI bAta ko sUcita karate hue yaha kArikA likhI jA rahI hai jJAnAntaramapekSeta jaDatve jnyaanmaatmnH| evaM tadapi tena syaadnvsthaasmudbhvH||3|| yadi jJAna jar3a hai to use apane jJAna ke liye dUsare jJAna kI apekSA hogii| dUsare jJAna ko phira tIsare jJAna kI apekSA rhegii| isa prakAra anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga A jaayegaa| nyAyaprakAzikA yadi jJAnaM jaDaM syAt tadA tat prakAzayituM jJAnAntarasyAvazyakatA syaat| dvitIyaM jJAnamapi jaDAtmakameveti tadapi prakAzayituM tRtIyaM jJAnamapekSitaM bhvissyti| anayA rItyA tRtIyaM prakAzayituM caturthasya, tasyApi prakAzanArthaM paJcamasya apekSeti parampareyaM na kadAcit sthairya yAsyati ityanavasthAdoSaH samApatito duruddharaH syaat| ___ uparyuktarItyedaM siddhyati yat heyAdeyapradarzakaM hitAhitaprAptiparihAravivecakaM cetanaM jJAnameva prmaannm| yadyapijJAnaMjanyate indriyArthasannikarSeNaiveti kAryasyajJAnasya For Personal & Private Use Only

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. jainanyAyapaJcAzatI dharmo'rthaprakAzakatvaMkAraNe indriyArthasannikarSesamAropyAsyApi aupacArikaMpramANatvaM vaktuM zakyameveti atratyaM rhsym| __yadi jJAna jar3a hotA to usako prakAzita karane ke lie jJAnAntara kI AvazyakatA hogii| dUsarA jJAna bhI yadi jar3a hai to use bhI prakAzita karane ke lie tIsare jJAna kI apekSA hogii| isa prakAra tRtIya jJAna ko prakAzita karane ke lie caturtha kI aura caturtha jJAna ko prakAzita karane ke lie pAMcaveM jJAna kI apekSA hogii| isa prakAra jJAna kI yaha paramparA kabhI bhI sthira nahIM hogii| pariNAmasvarUpa yahAM anavasthA doSa kI Apatti A jAegI, jise dUra karanA kaThina hogaa| . uparyukta kathana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki chor3ane yogya aura grahaNa karane yogya padArthoM kA jJAna tathA hita kI prApti aura ahita ke parihAra kA jJAna cetana jJAna se hI hotA hai, isalie jJAna hI pramANa hai| yadyapi jJAna indriya aura vastu ke sambandha se hI hotA hai| usakA dharma hai-artha kA prkaashktv| usa dharma kA jJAna ke kAraNa indriyArthasannikarSa meM Aropa karake usakA (indriyArthasannikarSa kA) bhI aupacArika pramANatva kahA jA sakatA hai, isakA yahI tAtparya hai| (4) jJAnasya pramANatvaM dIpadRSTAntena sAdhayatiaba dIpadRSTAnta ke dvArA jJAna ke pramANa ko batAyA jA rahA hai yathA dIprAGkaro dIpaH svaprakAzI praanpi| padArthAMzca prakAzeta tathA jJAnamapi dhruvm||4|| jaise dIpta zikhA vAlA dIpa svaprakAzI hotA hai, vaha dUsare padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai isI prakAra jJAna svaprakAzI hotA huA paraprakAzI bhI hai| nyAyaprakAzikA yathA dIprazikho dIpaH svaM prakAzayituM nApekSate paraprakAzam, kintu sa tu svaprakAzI asti, tathaiva svaprakAzi jJAnamapi AtmAnaM prakAzayituM paraprakAzaM For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI naapeksste| yaH khalu svayaM prakAzamAno'sti sa kathaM khalu kuryAdapekSAM prsy| svaM prakAzayan dIpaH parAnapi ghaTapaTAdipadArthAnapi prakAzayati iti dIpaH svaparaprakAzI ucyte| eSaiva praNAlI jJAnasyApi vrtte| jJAnamapi svamAtmAnaM prakAzayituM kamapi prakAzAntaraM necchti| svaM prakAzayat jJAnaM parapadArthAnapi prkaashyti| etena jJAnasya svataH prAmANyamapi vyaktaM bhvti| yuktamapyetat cetanasyaiva svaprakAzakatvaM paraprakAzakatvaJca bhvti| jaDasya sannikarSAdeH na svaprakAzakatvaJcet kutaH samAgacchati paraprakAzakatvam? yaH khalu svayamaprakAzamAnazcet kathaM parAn prakAzayiSyati? jisa prakAra pradIpta zikhA vAlA dIpa svayaM ko prakAzita karane ke lie dUsare prakAza kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA, vaha svayaM prakAzI hai, vaise hI svaprakAzI jJAna bhI apane ko prakAzita karane ke lie para-prakAza kI apekSA nahIM rkhtaa| jo svayaM prakAzamAna hai vaha apane prakAza ke lie dUsare prakAza kI apekSA kyoM karegA? dIpa svayaM ko prakAzita karatA huA ghaTa-paTa Adi dUsare padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai, isalie vaha sva-para-prakAzI hotA hai| yahI paddhati jJAna kI bhI hai| jJAna bhI apane prakAza ke lie kisI dUsare prakAza kI icchA nahIM rkhtaa| svaprakAzI jJAna dUsare padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| isase jJAna kA svataH prAmANya bhI siddha hotA hai| yaha bAta ucita bhI hai ki sva-prakAzakatva aura para-prakAzakatva cetana kA hI hotA hai| yadi sannikarSa Adi jar3a padArthoM kA sva-prakAzakatva nahIM hai to unameM para-prakAzakatva kahAM se AegA? jo svayaM aprakAzamAna hai vaha dUsaroM ko kaise prakAzita karegA? . .. (5,6) jJAnaM svayaM prakAzate athavA tat prakAzayituM jJAnAntarasyApekSA bhavatIti vicikitsAyAmAcAryoM jJAnasya svaprakAzakatvaM manyamAno dIpadRSTAntena jJAnasya svaprakAzakatvaM kArikAdvayena sAdhayan zlokayati jJAna svayaM prakAzita hai athavA usako prakAzita karane ke lie dUsare jJAna kI apekSA hotI hai, isa sandeha meM AcArya jJAna ko svaprakAzakatva mAnate hue dIpa ke For Personal & Private Use Only

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8 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI dRSTAnta se jJAna ke svaprakAzakatva ko do kArikAoM se siddha karate hue kaha rahe haiM na hi dIpopalambhe syAt diipaantrgvessnnm| kintu prakAzayeddIpa AtmanAtmAnameva yt||5|| tathaiva tasya vijJAne sApekSaM na cidntrm| svaM ca nijAtmanA yahi prkaashyitumiishvrm||6|| ... ... ||yugmm|| dIpa ko dekhane ke lie kisI dUsare dIpaka kI gaveSaNA nahIM kI jAtI, kintu dIpa svayaM ko apane Apa prakAzita karatA hai| vaise hI jJAna ke lie kisI dUsare jJAna kI apekSA nahIM hotii| vaha apane svarUpa se hI svayaM ko prakAzita karane meM samartha hai| ... nyAyaprakAzikA dIpasyopalambhe-prAptau-jJaptau vA dIpAntarasya anyo dIpo dIpAntarastasya gaveSaNaM naiva bhavati, kintu dIpa AtmanA eva svayameva AtmAnaM prakAzayati, lokalocanagocaratAM nyti|diipH prakAzAtmA-prakAzasvarUpa AtmAnaM prakAzayan padArthAnapi prkaashyti| yaH svayaM prakAzamAno na bhavet sa kathaM parAn prkaashyissyti|evnyc svaprakAzakatve sati paraprakAzakatvaM svaprakAzasya lakSaNaM yathA dIpe saMghaTate tathaiva jJAne'pi sNghttte|jnypti-nimiti bhAvavyutpattyA niSpanno jJAnazabdo'sti hi prkaashaaprpryaayH| jJAnaM bodhaH prakAzazcetyAdayaH zabdAH santi pryaayvaackaaH| tacca jJAnaM caitnysvruupm| cetanatvAt prakAzakatvAcca jJAnaM svaM prakAzayituM cidantaraM-jJAnAntaraM nApekSate kthmpi|apeksstaampi katham? yat khalu svayaM prakAzAtmakaM svayaM prakAzamAnaM paraprakAzanakSamaM tatkathaM bhavet paramukhApekSI prkaashyitumaatmaanm| dIpasya prakAzaH sImitakAlikaH jJAnasya prakAzastu saarvkaalikH| asyAM sthitau yadi kiJcit kAlikaprakAzako dIpaH svayaM prakAzamAnaH parApekSAM na kurute AtmAnaM prakAzayituM tadA sArvakAlikaprakAzakaM jJAnaM kathamapekSatAM prakAzayitumAtmAnaM kimapi For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI sAdhanamiti bhAvaH / ataH AcAryaH prAha - ' tathaiva tasya vijJAne sApekSaM na cidantaram / ' jJAnaM dvividhaM bhavati - yathArtham ayathArthaJca / tatra yathArthajJAnameva pramANam / tasya prAmANyaviSaye dArzanikAnAM vartate matabhedaH / tatra nyAyadarzanAnusAraM jJAnaM svaprAmANyaM syAt aprAmANyaM vA syAt etadubhayaM tAvat parata eva bhavati / asmin darzane jJAnaM vyavasAyazabdenApyucyate / tasya grahaNam anuvyavasAyena bhavati, kintu tasya prAmANyaM tu saphala pravRttijanakAnumAnenaiva bhavati na tu svato bhavati, anyathA yadi jJAnaM svataH pramANaM syAt tadA mama jJAnaM yuktamayuktaM veti saMzayo na syAt / taduktam- 'pramAtvaM na svato grAhyaM saMzayAnupattitaH ' / " etadviparItaM mImAMsakAH vadanti yat jJAnasya prAmANyaM svata eva aprAmANyaM tu parato bhavati / kiM nAma svataH prAmANyamiti jijJAsAyAmidaM tanmataM yat 'jJAnagrAhakasAmagrIgrAhyatvameva svataH prAmANyam' / asmin viSaye trayANAM mImAMsakAnAmaikamatyamasti / prabhAkaramate- jJAnaM svaprakAzaM bhavati / tacca prakAzamAnameva utpdyte| kumArilaMbhaTTamate- jJAnena jJAtatA utpadyate / tayaiva tadIyaM prAmANyamapi jAyate / murArimizrAnusAraM jJAnena anuvyavasAyo jAyate / tenaiva jJAnasya tathA tatprAmANyasya ca grahaNaM bhavati / taduktam' - svataH sarvapramANAnAM prAmANyamiti gamyatAm / nahi svato'satI zaktiH karttumanyena zakyate // sarvapramANAnAM prAmANyaM svata eva bhavati / yadi svasmin zaktirnAsti kathamasau anyena saMpAditA bhavet ? sAMkhyadarzane tu jJAnasya prAmANyamaprAmANyaM tu ubhayamapyetat svata eva bhvti| anyathA jJAnaM pramApayituM jJAnAntarasya apekSAyAmanavasthAdoSaH syaat| 1. nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI : zloka : 136 / 2. tarkabhASA : pR. 187 / 3. mImAMsAzlokavArtikam : pR. 45, zloka : 4 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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10 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI bauddhAstu jJAnasya aprAmANyaM svataH prAmANyaJca parata iti vdnti| jainadarzane tu prAmANyaM svataH prtshc| abhyAsadazAyAM svataH tadbhinnasthale ca parata iti bhaavH| anabhyAzadazAyAM jJAnasya prAmANyaM kathaM parataH iti jijJAsAyAmetadavagantavyam yat tatra yadarthaviSayakaM jJAnaM bhavati tasya avyabhicaritatvaM yAvanna nizcitaM bhavati tAvat tasya prAmANyaM kathaM syAt? taccAvyabhicaritatvaM tadA eva jJAyate yadA pUrvajJAnagRhItaviSayagrAhakaM saMvAdijJAnAntaraM bhvet| evaJca saMvAdakajJAnAntarAd pUrvajJAnasya praamaannym| athavA anabhyAsadazApanne pratyakSe gRhIto viSayo yadi arthakriyAkArI bhavati tadA tasya prAmANyaM vaktuM zakyaM bhvti| athavA anabhyAsadazApannena jJAnena gRhIto viSayo'rtho vA yadi tena jJAnena saha nAntarIyakatAM bhajeccet tadvArA jJAnasya prAmANyaM vaktuM zakyaM syaat| etadeva grnthkaaraabhimtm| dIpa kI prApti athavA use jAnane meM anya dIpa kI gaveSaNA nahIM kI jAtI, kintu dIpa svayaM hI apane ko prakAzita karatA hai, vaha logoM kI dRSTi kA viSaya banatA hai| dIpa prakAza-svarUpa hai| vaha apane ko prakAzita karatA huA padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai| jo svayaM prakAzamAna nahIM hotA vaha dUsaroM ko kaise prakAzita karegA? isa prakAra jo svayaM prakAzaka hotA huA para kA prakAzaka hotA hai, vahI svaprakAzaka kahA jAtA hai| svaprakAza kA yaha lakSaNa jaise dIpa meM ghaTita hotA hai vaise hI jJAna meM bhI ghaTita hotA hai| jJAna kA artha hai-jnypti| vaha (jJAna) bhAva meM anaT pratyaya lagane se niSpanna hai| jJAna kA dUsarA paryAya hai-prkaash| jJAna, bodha aura prakAza-ye tInoM zabda paryAyavAcaka haiN| vaha jJAna cetana hai| cetana aura prakAzaka hone ke kAraNa jJAna svayaM ko prakAzita karane ke lie jJAnAntara kI kisI bhI prakAra apekSA nahIM rkhtaa| apekSA bhI kyoM hoM? jo svayaM prakAzAtmaka hai 1. pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAMkhyAH smaashritaaH| naiyAyikAste parataH saugatAzcaramaM svtH|| prathamaM parataH prAhuH prAmANyaM vedvaadinH| pramANatvaM svataH prAhuH prtshcaaprmaanntaam|| sarvadarzanasaMgrahaH pR. 279 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 11 arthAt svayaM prakAzamAna hai aura dUsaroM ko prakAzita karane meM samartha hai vaha apane prakAza ke lie paramukhApekSI kyoM hogA? dIpa kA prakAza sImitakAlika hai aura jJAna kA prakAza sArvakAlika hai| isa sthiti meM sImitakAlika prakAzaka dIpa svayaM ko prakAzita karatA huA yadi svayaM ke prakAza ke lie kisI dUsare dIpa kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA to sArvakAlika prakAzaka jJAna svayaM ko prakAzita karane ke lie kisI sAdhana kI apekSA kyoM karegA? ataH AcArya kahate haiM - ' tathaiva tasya vijJAne, sApekSaM na cidantaram' - jaise dIpa ko prakAza ke lie anya dIpa kI apekSA nahIM hotI vaise hI jJAna ko prakAzita karane ke lie anya jJAna kI apekSA nahIM hotI / jJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai - yathArtha aura ayathArtha / yathArtha jJAna hI pramANa hai| usake prAmANya ke viSaya meM dArzanikoM kA matabheda hai| isa saMbaMdha meM nyAyadarzana ke anusAra jJAna kA prAmANya ho athavA aprAmANya ho - ye donoM parata: hote haiM / isa ( nyAyadarzana ) darzana meM jJAna ko vyavasAya bhI kahA jAtA hai| jJAna kA grahaNa anuvyavasAya se hotA hai, kintu usakA prAmANya to saphala pravRtti ke janaka anumAna se hI hotA hai, svataH nahIM hotA / yadi jJAna svataH pramANa hotA to merA jJAna yukta hai athavA ayukta hai, yaha saMzaya nahIM hotA / kintu yaha saMzaya hotA hai, isalie yaha mAnanA Avazyaka hai ki jJAna svata: pramANa nahIM hai| isake viparIta mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki jJAna kA prAmANya svataH hI hotA hai aura aprAmANyaM parata: hotA hai| jJAna kA svataH prAmANya kyA hai, isa jijJAsA meM unakA yaha abhimata hai ki jJAna kI utpAdaka aura grAhaka sAmagrI yadi eka hai to vahI jJAna kA svataH prAmANya hai| isa viSaya meM tInoM mImAMsakoM (prabhAkara, kumArilabhaTTa, murArimizra) kA eka mata hai| prabhAkara ke mata meM jJAna svaprakAza hotA hai, vaha prakAzamAna hI utpanna hotA hai| kumArilabhaTTa ke mata meM jJAna se jJAtatA utpanna hotI hai aura usI (jJAtatA) se usakA prAmANya bhI jJAta hotA hai| murArimizra ke anusAra jJAna se anuvyavasAya utpanna hotA hai aura usI se jJAna aura usakA prAmANya- donoM kA grahaNa hotA hai, isalie kahA gayA - sabhI pramANoM kA prAmANya svataH hI hotA hai| yadi pramANa meM vaha zakti nahIM hai to vaha dUsaroM ke dvArA kaise saMpAdita kI jA sakatI hai? For Personal & Private Use Only

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12 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI sAMkhyadarzana meM jJAna kA prAmANya aura aprAmANya-donoM svataH hI hote haiN| anyathA jJAna ko pramANita karane ke lie anya jJAna kI apekSA hone se anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga A jAtA hai| bauddha jJAna ke aprAmANya ko svataH aura prAmANya ko parataH mAnate haiN| jainadarzana prAmANya ko svataH aura parataH donoM svIkAra karatA hai| abhyAsadazA meM prAmANya svataH hotA hai aura usase bhinna avasthA meM vaha parataH hotA hai| - anabhyAsadazA meM hone vAle jJAna kA prAmANya parataH kaise hotA hai, isa jijJAsA meM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki vahAM jisa viSaya kA jJAna hotA hai usa jJAna kA avyabhicaritatva (yathArthatva) jaba taka nizcita nahIM hotA taba taka usakA prAmANya kaise nizcita ho sakatA hai? usakA avyabhicaritatva taba hI vidita hotA hai jaba pUrva jJAna se gRhIta viSaya kA grAhaka saMvAdI dUsarA jJAna vahAM ho| isa prakAra saMvAdaka dUsare jJAna se pUrva jJAna kA prAmANya gRhIta hotA hai| athavA anabhyAsadazA meM hone vAle pratyakSa kA gRhIta viSayaM yadi arthakriyAkArI hotA hai taba usa jJAna kA prAmANya kahA jA sakatA hai| athavA anabhyAsadazA meM hone vAle jJAna se gRhIta viSaya yadi usa jJAna kA nAntarIyaka ho arthAt usa jJAna ke binA usakI pratIti na hotI ho to usa viSaya ke dvArA usa jJAna kA prAmANya kahA jA sakatA hai| granthakAra kA bhI yahI abhimata hai| (7) bAhyavastunaH sattAM svIkurvatAM sautrAntikabauddhAnAM mate vastunaH samutpannaM jJAnaM vstvaakaartaamupaiti| tata eva vastUni prkaashyti| yad jJAnasya kAraNaM na bhavati tad jJAnasya viSayo'pi na bhvti| idaM tadutpattitadAkAratAmataM nirAkartumupakramate-bAhya vastu kI sattA ko svIkAra karane vAle sautrAntika bauddhoM ke mata meM vastu se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna vastu ke AkAra vAlA ho jAtA hai| usI se vastueM prakAzita hotI haiN| jo jJAna kA kAraNa nahIM hotA vaha jJAna kA viSaya bhI nahIM bntaa| tadutpatti tadAkAra ke isa mata kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie kArikA likhI jA rahI hai yathA dIpo ghaTAdyarthAn bhAsayanna tdaatmkH| tathaiva jJAnamapyarthAn jJAtvApi na tdaatmkm||7|| jaise dIpaka ghaTAdi padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA huA tadAtmaqa-ghaTAdirUpa nahIM haiM vaise hI jJAna padArthoM ko jAnatA huA bhI tadAtmaka-padArthAtmaka nahIM hotA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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13 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI nyAyaprakAzikA arthAn prakAzayat api jJAnam tadAtmakam na bhvti| jJAnena arthAH prakAzyante, kintu etAvatA jJAnam arthAtmakam na bhvti| arthAH jaDapadArthAH santi, jJAnam tu cetanAtmakam svaparaprakAzi bhvti| tat svaparaprakAzakaM jJAnam jaDapadArthAtmakaM kathaM bhavet? tasmAt dIpa iva jJAnamapi arthAtmakam naiva bhvti| prakAzakaH prakAzyaH kathaM syAt? prakAzyarUpatAm kadApi na yaati| ubhayoH svarUpaM bhinna bhinnmsti| dIpo yadyapi jaDIbhUtapadArtho'sti tathApi sa ghaTapaTAdIn padArthAn prakAzayati ev| tasya jaDatvaM tasya prakAzakatve bAdhakam na bhvti| etaviparItaM jJAnaM tu cetanAtmakaM bhvti| yadyapi dIpena saha jJAnasya pUrNaM sAdRzyaM nAsti dIpasya jaDatvAt jJAnasya ca cetanatvAt, tathApi arthaprakAzakatvam ubhayostulyameva asti| asyAM sthitau yathA prakAzakaH dIpaH padArtharUpatAm nopaiti tathaiva cetanAtmakaM jJAnaM kathaM padArtharUpatAm yAyAt? tasmAt dIpa iva jJAnasyApi padArthAntaraprakAzakatvam yuktmev| arthoM (padArthoM) ko prakAzita karatA huA bhI jJAna tadAtmaka nahIM hotaa| jJAna se arthoM kA prakAzana hotA hai, kintu itane se jJAna arthAtmaka nahIM hotaa| artha jar3a padArtha haiM aura jJAna cetanAtmaka hai| jJAna sva-para-prakAzI hotA hai| sva-para kA prakAzaka vaha jJAna jar3apadArtha kaise ho sakatA hai? isalie dIpa kI bhAMti jJAna bhI arthAtmaka nahIM hotaa| jo prakAzaka hai vaha prakAzya kaise bana sakatA hai? vaha prakAzyarUpatA ko kabhI prApta nahIM krtaa| donoM (prakAzaka aura prakAzya) kA svarUpa bhinna-bhinna hai| dIpa yadyapi jar3atattva hai phira bhI vaha ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hI hai| usakI jar3atA usake prakAzakatva meM bAdhaka nahIM hotii| isake viparIta jJAna to cetanAtmaka hotA hai| yadyapi dIpa ke sAtha jJAna kA pUrNa sAdRzya nahIM hai, kyoMki dIpa jar3a hai aura jJAna cetana hai| phira bhI arthaprakAzakatva donoM kA tulya hai| isa sthiti meM jaise prakAzaka dIpa padArtha nahIM banatA vaise hI cetanAtmaka jJAna kaise padArtha bana sakatA hai? isalie dIpa kI bhAMti jJAna kA bhI dUsare padArthoM kA prakAzana karanA yukta hI hai| idAnIM sannikarSasya pramANatvaM nirAkartumupakramateaba sannikarSa ke pramANatva kA nirAkaraNa kara rahe haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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14 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI sAdhakatamatvAbhAvAt svArthavyavasitau nnu| sannikarSasya prAmANyaM svIkriyate na dhiimtaa||8|| sannikarSa sva aura para ke nizcaya meM sAdhakatama nahIM hai, isaliye buddhimAn vyakti usakA prAmANya svIkAra nahIM krtaa| nyAyaprakAzikA ... prameyasiddhiptiH pramANAdeva bhavatIti dArzanikaH sarvamAnyaH siddhaantH| ata eva kiM pramANam? kiM svarUpaM vA taditi viSayo darzanazAstre prAmukhyaM gtH| kRto vicAro'tra daarshnikaiH| tatra nyAyadarzanAnusAraM pramAkaraNaM pramANamiti kRtaM lakSaNaM prmaannsy| pramA ca ythaarthjnyaanm| yad vastu yathAsti tasya tAdRzaM jJAnameva ythaarthjnyaanm| ghaTatvavati ghaTe ghaTatva-prakArakaM ghaTavizeSyakam 'ayaM ghaTaH' ityAkArakaM jJAnameva ythaarthjnyaanm| etAdRzasya yathArthajJAnasya yat karaNaM bhavati tadeva prmaannm| bahuSu vastuSu satsvapi pramA notpadyate, kintu yadA indriyasannikarSo bhavati padAthaiH saha tadA prmotpdyte| tasmAt saMyogAMdirindriyasanikarSa eva jJAnaM prati kaarnnm| sa eva ca prmaatraadibhyo'tishyitH| tasmAt atizayopayogitvAt indriyasannikarSa eva prmaannm| sa ca sannikarSaH pratyakSajJAna-hetuH ssddvidho'sti| sa cettham-saMyogaH, saMyuktasamavAyaH, saMyuktasamavetasamavAyaH, samavAyaH, samavetasamavAyaH, vishessnnvishessybhaavshceti| tatra cakSuSA ghaTapratyakSe saMyogaH snnikrssH| cakSuSo ghaTasya ca dravyatvAt dvayoH dravyayozca sNyogsyaivaabhimttvaat| ghaTarUpapratyakSe ca saMyuktasamavAyaH snnikrssH| cakSuHsaMyukte ghaTe samavAyena rUpasya vrtnaat| ___ rUpaniSTharUpatvajAteH pratyakSe saMyuktasamaveta-samavAyaH snnikrssH| cakSuHsaMyukte ghaTe rUpaM tiSThati samavAyena, tatra rUpe rUpatvaMsamavetamiti saMghaTito bhavatyatra saMyuktasamavetasamavAyaH snnikrssH| zrotreNa zabdasAkSAtkAre samavAyaH snnikrssH| zrotravivarasya AkAzatvaM zabdasya ca AkAzaguNatvaM guNaguNinozca samavAyasya prsiddhtvaat| For Personal & Private Use Only

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15 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI zabdatvasAkSAtkAre tu samavetasamavAyaH snnikrssH| zrotrasamavete zabde zabdatvasya smvaayaat| abhAvapratyakSe vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvaH snnikrssH| ghaTAbhAvavad bhUtalamityatra ghaTAbhAvo vizeSaNaM bhUtalaJca vizeSyamiti asya sannikarSasya svruupm| ebhiH SaDvidhasannikarporeva jAyate prtykssjnyaanm|tduktmpi-'indriyaarthsnnikrssjnyN jJAnaM prtykssm'|' anayA rItyA pratyakSapramAyAH karaNatvAt indriyArthasannikarSa eva pramANamiti vadanti naiyaayikaaH| etanmataM dUSayati prstutkaarikyaa|snnikrssH svasya-AtmanaH sannikarSasya tathA parasya-padArthasya cavyavasitau-nizcaye sAdhakatamo naasti| yato hi sannikarSo jddH|jddpdaartho nAtmAnaM jAnAti na vA parapadArthameva jaanaati| tasmAt sannikarSa AtmanaH parasya ca nizcAyakatve sAdhakatamaH kathaM bhavitumarhati? ghaTo jaDapadArthaH svasya parasya ca vyavasitau sAdhakatamo na bhavati, evameva ghaTavat jaDapadArthaH sannikarSo'pi sva-para vyavasitau naiva bhavati saadhktmH| tasmAt jJAnameva pramANamiti sviikrttvym| jJAnaM svaparaprakAzaM bhvti| tat khalu jAnAti AtmAnaM vastUni c| tasmAt svaprakAzakatve sati para-prakAzakatvameva jnyaantvm| tadeva ca pramANamiti nAnAsti kazcana visNvaadH| ata eva yathArthajJAnasya-svaparavyavasAyijJAnasya prAmANyaM sviikriyte| anena vivecanena te'pi parAkRtA eva ye jaDIbhUtAn jJAtRvyApArakAraka-sAkalyaprabhRtIn prmaannmnggiikurvnti| prameya kI siddhi pramANa se hI hotI hai, yaha darzana kA sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai, isalie pramANa kyA hai aura usakA svarUpa kyA hai? yaha darzanazAstra kA pramukha viSaya hai| dArzanikoM ne isa para vicAra kiyA hai| nyAyadarzana ke anusAra pramAkaraNa (yathArthajJAna kA karaNa) hI pramANa hai, yaha pramANa kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai| pramA kA artha haiythaarthjnyaan| jo vastu jaisI hai usakA vaisA hI jJAna karanA arthAt usako vaisA hI jAnanA yathArthajJAna hai| ghaTatva dharma se yukta ghaTa ko ghaTa ke rUpa meM jAnanA yathArthajJAna 1. kedAranAthatripAThIvyAkhyAtaH tarkasaMgrahaH, pR. 51 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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16 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI hai| isa jJAna meM ghaTatva vizeSaNa (prakAra) hai tathA ghaTa vizeSya hai| isa prakAra kA athavA isa AkAra vAlA jJAna hI yathArthajJAna kahA jAtA hai| aise yathArthajJAna kA jo karaNa hotA hai vahI pramANa hotA hai| bahuta vastuoM ke rahane para bhI pramA (yathArthajJAna) utpanna nahIM hotI, kintu jaba padArthoM ke sAtha indriyasannikarSa hotA hai taba pramA utpanna hotI hai, isalie saMyogAdi indriyasannikarSa hI jJAna ke prati kAraNa hotA hai| vaha sannikarSa pramAtA Adi se bhI atizaya hai, kyoMki atizaya upayogI hone ke kAraNa indriya-sannikarSa hI pramANa hai| vahI pratyakSajJAna kA hetu banatA hai| vaha sannikarSa chaH prakAra kA hotA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-1. saMyoga, 2. saMyuktasamavAya, 3. saMyuktasamavetasamavAya, 4. samavAya, 5. samavetasamavAya, 6. vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhaav| ... * saMyoga-cakSu se ghaTa ke pratyakSa meM 'saMyogasannikarSa' hotA hai| isameM cakSa aura ghaTa donoM dravya haiN| do dravyoM kA saMyoga sannikarSa hI hotA hai| . . * saMyuktasamavAya-ghaTa ke rUpa ko dekhane ke lie saMyuktasamavAyasannikarSa' hotA hai| yahAM cakSu aura ghaTa kA saMyoga sannikarSa hai| usa ghaTa meM samavAyasambandha se rUpa rahatA hai| isa prakAra cakSusaMyukta ghaTa meM rUpa ke samaveta hone ke kAraNa yahAM 'saMyuktasamavAyasannikarSa' hotA hai| * saMyuktasamavetasamavAya-rUpa meM rahane vAle rUpatva ko dekhane meM 'saMyuktasamavetasamavAyasannikarSa' hotA hai| yahAM cakSusaMyukta ghaTa hai| usa ghaTa meM rUpa samaveta hai aura usa rUpa meM samavAyasambandha se rUpatva rahatA hai| isa prakAra yahAM saMyuktasamavetasamavAyasannikarSa saMghaTita hotA hai| *samavAya-zrotra se zabda kA grahaNa karane meM samavAya-sannikarSa' hotA hai| zrotra AkAza hai aura zabda AkAza kA guNa hai| yaha guNa aura guNI kA samavAya sambandha prasiddha hai| * samavetasamavAya-zabda meM rahane vAle zabdatva ke sAkSAtkAra meM 'samavetasamavAyasannikarSa' hotA hai| zrotra samaveta zabda meM zabdatva samavAyasambandha se rahatA hai| isa prakAra yaha sannikarSa yahAM prasiddha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI ___17 * vizeSaNavizeSyabhAva-abhAva ke pratyakSa meM 'vizeSaNavizeSya-bhAvasannikarSa' hotA hai| jaise 'ghaTa ke abhAva vAlA bhUtala'- yahAM ghaTAbhAva vizeSaNa hai aura bhUtala vizeSya hai| yahI isa sannikarSa kA svarUpa hai| pratyakSajJAna ina chaH sannikarSoM se hotA hai| kahA bhI hai 'indriyArthasannikarSajanyaM jJAnaM pratyakSam'-indriya aura artha ke sannikarSa se hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSa hai| isa paddhati se pratyakSa pramA kA karaNa hone se indriyArthasannikarSa hI pramANa hai, aisA naiyAyikoM kA kathana hai| prastuta kArikA ke dvArA isa mata kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jA rahA hai-sannikarSa apane tathA para padArtha ke nizcaya meM sAdhakatama nahIM hai, kyoMki sannikarSa jar3a hai| jar3apadArtha na to svayaM ko jAnatA hai aura na parapadArtha ko jAnatA hai, isalie vaha (sannikarSa) sva-para kI nizcAyakatA meM kaise sAdhakatama ho sakatA hai? ghaTa jar3apadArtha hai| jaise vaha apanA aura para-padArtha kA nizcAyaka jJAna nahIM kara pAtA vaise hI ghaTa ke samAna jar3a sannikarSa bhI sva-para kA nizcAyaka nahIM hotaa| ataH jJAna hI pramANa hai, aisA svIkAra karanA caahie| jJAna sva-para kA prakAzaka hai| vaha svayaM aura para padArthoM ko jAnatA hai| svaprakAzaka hote hue bhI jJAna para-prakAzaka hotA hai aura vahI pramANa hai, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| ataH sva-para-vyavasAyI jJAna kA prAmANya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa vivecana se ve dArzanika bhI nirAkRta ho jAte haiM jo jJAtRvyApAra aura kArakasAkalya Adi jar3IbhUta padArthoM ko pramANa mAnate haiN| (9) pUrvakArikAyAM pramANasya lakSaNaviSaye vibhinnamatavAdAn nirAkRtya svapara-vyavasAyijJAnasya pramANatvaM vyvsthaapitm| samprati tadbhedAn varNayitumupakramate pUrvakArikA meM pramANa ke lakSaNa ke viSaya meM vibhinna matavAdoM kA nirAkaraNa . karake svaparavyavasAyI jJAna kA pramANatva vyavasthita kiyA gayA hai| aba usake bhedoM kA varNana kara rahe haiM / pratyakSaJca parokSaJca prmaanndvymucyte| vizadaM tatra prtykssN,prokssmitrtttH||9|| For Personal & Private Use Only

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18 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI pramANa ke do bheda batalAe gae haiM-pratyakSa aura prokss| inameM jo vizada athavA spaSTa hai, vaha pratyakSa hai aura jo avizada athavA aspaSTa hai, vaha parokSa hai| nyAyaprakAzikA - pramANaM dvividhaM bhavati-pratyakSaM prokssnyc| tatra yad vizadaM spaSTaM bhavati tattu prtykssmucyte| yad jJAnam avizadamaspaSTaM bhavati tattu parokSaM kthyte| atra pratyakSazabde yo hi'akSazabdaH tasya dvAvau~ staH-akSam-indriyam, akSo jIvo vaa| akSaM pratigataM prtykssm| indriyeNAtmanA ca jAyamAnaM jJAnaM prtykssm| akSebhyo'kSAd vA parato vartate iti prokssm| .. idamatrAvadheyaM yat pratyakSazabdaghaTakasyAkSazabdasyArtho yadA AtmA-jIvo vA kriyate tadA akSaM pratigataM pratyakSamityucyate tadA avadhi-manaHparyAyakevalAnyeva pratyakSapramANapadena gRhItAni bhvissynti| atra nendriyANAM paudgalikAnAmAvazyakatA, kintu atra tu cetanasya sarvathAvaraNavilayapurassaraH svarUpAvirbhAva eva kevlm| ata evedaM kevalajJAneti nAmnA khyAtaM prtykssm| idameva paarmaarthik-prtykssmpyucyte| yasmin jJAne indriyANAM manasazcApekSA bhavati tat saaNvyvhaarikprtykssmityucyte| avagrahAdaya-zcatvAro'sya bhedAH bhvnti| etaviparItaM sAhAyyasApekSamavizadamaspaSTaM jJAnaM prokssprmaannmityucyte| asya jJAnasyopalabdhau AtmanaH indriyasya cApekSA bhavatIti jnyaatvymtr| pramANa do prakAra kA hotA hai-pratyakSa aura prokss| inameM jo jJAna vizadaspaSTa hotA hai use pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai aura jo jJAna avizada-aspaSTa hotA hai use parokSa kahA jAtA hai| yahAM pratyakSazabda meM prayukta jo 'akSa' zabda hai usake do artha hote haiM-indriya aura jiiv| 'akSaM pratigataM pratyakSam' arthAt jo jJAna akSa-AtmA aura indriyoM para AdhArita ho use 'pratyakSa' aura jo jJAna akSa-AtmA aura indriyoM se pare hotA hai use parokSa kahA jAtA hai| yahAM para dhyAtavya hai ki jaba pratyakSazabda meM prayukta akSazabda kA artha AtmA yA jIva kiyA jAtA hai aura 'akSaM pratigataM pratyakSam'-aisI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai For Personal & Private Use Only

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19 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI taba pratyakSa pramANa se avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevalajJAna kA grahaNa hotA hai| vahAM paudgalika indriyoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| vahAM to sarvathA AvaraNamukta kevala cetanasvarUpa kevalajJAna kA hI AvirbhAva hotA hai, isalie yaha pratyakSajJAna kevalajJAna' nAma se bhI vikhyAta hai| ise pAramArthika pratyakSa bhI kahA jAtA hai| jisa jJAna meM indriyoM aura mana kI apekSA hotI hai use sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahate haiN| avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA-ye isake cAra bheda haiN| __isake viparIta jisa jJAna meM sahAyatA kI apekSA hotI hai vaha jJAna parokSa pramANa kahalAtA hai| aisA jJAna avizada-aspaSTa hotA hai| isa jJAna kI upalabdhi meM AtmA aura indriyAM apekSita rahatI haiM, yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai| (10) samprati pratyakSapramANasya bhedadvayamupasthApayati- . . aba pratyakSa pramANa ke do bhedoM ko prastuta kara rahe haiM sAMvyavahArikaM cAdyaM dvitIyaM paarmaarthikm| / indriyAnindriyAdhInamAtmAdhInaM krameNa c||10|| pratyakSa pramANa do prakAra kA hotA hai-sAMvyavahArika aura paarmaarthik| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kA srota hai-indriya aura mn| pAramArthika pratyakSa kA srota hai-aatmaa| nyAyaprakAzikA .. ... sAMvyavahArikapAramArthikabhedena pratyakSapramANaM dvividham asti| samyak vyavahAraH-saMvyavahAraH, tasmai idaM sAMvyavahArikam, paramArthajJApakaM jJAnaM pAramArthikamityanayoH niruktiriym| asmin sAMvyavahArike pratyakSe zrotrAdInAmindriyANAM madhye yasya kasyApi indriyasyopayogo bhvti| tataH AtmanastathA jJeyapadArthasya madhye indriyANAM vyavadhAnena yadyapi AtmavyavahitaM jJAnamidaM pratyakSapadavAcyaM bhavituM yogyaM nAsti tathApi lokadRSTyA idaM pratyakSavat mnyte| tasmAdidaM sAMvyavahArikaM pratyakSamiti vyvhriyte| For Personal & Private Use Only

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20 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI pAramArthikaM pratyakSam AtmanA jAyamAnaM yathArtha prtykssm| atra na kimapi vyavadhAnaM mAdhyamaM vA bhvti| idaM zuddhaM nirAvaraNAtmasvarUpaM jJAnaM vrtte|anyoH sAMvyavahArika-pAramArthikapratyakSayormadhye sAMvyavahArikapratyakSasya sroto'sti indriyANi tathA mnshc| kArikAsthena anindriyapadena manasaH grahaNaM krttvym| etenedamapi vyaktaM bhavati yanmanasa indriyatvaM naiva sviikRtmiti| atra yad pAramArthikaM pratyakSamuktaM tasya sroto'sti aatmaa| tAtparyamidaM yat sAMvyavahArikaM pratyakSa manoyuktairindriyairbhavati tathA pAramArthikaM pratyakSaM tu AtmanA eva jaayte| jJAnasya yeyaM paramparA jainadarzane'bhimatA sA eva paramparA prakArAntareNa vA nyaaydrshne'pybhimtaa| tathoktaM caivam-'AtmA manasA yujyate, mana indriyeNa yujyate, indriyaJcArthena yujyate tataH prtykssmiti| vastutastu yAvanna saMyujyeran indriyANi svaviSayastAvanna kasyApi viSayasya jnyaanm| indriyANi ca tadaiva saMyujyante viSayaiH yadA tAnyapi manaHpreri / na bhveyuH|mno'pi tAvanna pravartate viSayeSuyAvad AtmapreritaM tanna syaat| evaJcAtmA mana indriyaJceti trayANAM sahayogenaiva jAyate kimapi jJAnamiti spsstto'rthH| sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika bheda se pratyakSa pramANa do prakAra kA hai| samyak vyavahAra ko sAMvyavahArika aura paramArthajJApaka jJAna ko pAramArthika kahate haiM, yaha inakI nirukti hai| isa sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa meM zrotra Adi pAMca indriyoM meM se kisI eka kA upayoga hotA hai| isameM AtmA tathA jJeya padArthoM ke bIca indriyoM kA vyavadhAna hotA hai, isalie yaha jJAna Atmavyavahita hai| yadyapi isa jJAna ko pratyakSa jJAna kahanA ucita nahIM hai, phira bhI lokadRSTi se ise pratyakSa kI bhAMti mAnA jAtA hai, isalie isakA 'sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa' zabda se vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| pAramArthika pratyakSa AtmA se hone vAlA yathArtha pratyakSa hai| isa pratyakSa meM na koI vyavadhAna hotA hai aura na koI maadhym| yaha zuddha, AvaraNarahita aura AtmasvarUpa jJAna hotA hai| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura pAramArthika pratyakSa-ina donoM jJAna ke madhya sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kA srota hai-indriyAM aura mn| 1. nyAyadarzanam, sU. 4, vAtsyAyanabhASya, pR. 16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 21 prastuta kArikA meM prayukta anindriyapada' se mana kA grahaNa hotA hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki mana ko indriya nahIM mAnA jaataa| yahAM jo pAramArthika pratyakSa kahA gayA hai usakA srota hai-aatmaa| isakA tAtparya hai ki sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa manoyukta indriyoM se hotA hai aura pAramArthika pratyakSa AtmA se hI hotA hai| jainadarzana meM jJAna kI yaha paramparA sammata hai| vahI paramparA prakArAntara se nyAyadarzana meM bhI abhimata hai| isa prakAra kahA gayA hai-'AtmA kA mana se yoga hotA hai, mana kA indriya se yoga hotA hai aura indriya kA artha ke sAtha yoga hotA hai taba pratyakSa hotA hai|' vastutaH jaba taka indriyoM kA apane-apane viSaya se sambandha nahIM hotA taba taka kisI bhI viSaya kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| indriyAM bhI taba taka apane viSaya se saMbaddha nahIM hotI jaba taka mana unako prerita nahIM karatA aura mana bhI taba taka viSayoM meM pravRtta nahIM hotA jaba taka vaha Atmaprerita na ho| isa prakAra AtmA, mana aura indriyAM-ina tInoM ke sahayoga se hI koI bhI jJAna hotA hai, yaha spaSTa hai| (11) samprati sAMvyavahArikapratyakSasya bhedAn nirUpayatiaba sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kara rahe haiM .avagrahastathaivehAvAyazca dhAraNA tthaa| vyaJjanArthabhidAdyasya srve'ssttaaviNshtirmtaa|| 11 // matijJAna (indriya aura mAnasajJAna) ke mUla cAra prakAra haiM-1. avagraha, 2. IhA, 3. avAya, 4. dhaarnnaa| avagraha ke do prakAra haiM-vyaJjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha / saba indriyoM aura mana ke sAtha inakA yoga karane para matijJAna ke aTThAIsa prakAra hote haiN| nyAyaprakAzikA idamatra tathyam-sAMvyavahArikapratyakSameva mtijnyaanpdenaapyucyte|asmin jJAne indriyANAM manasazca upayogo bhvti| ata evocyate-'indriyamanonimittaM mtiH'| asmin jJAne Atmano vastunazca madhye parApatanti indriyaanni| ata eva jJAnamidaM vyavadhimat bhvti| evaM jJAnamidaM parokSameveti zakyate vaktuM tathApi For Personal & Private Use Only

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. jainanyAyapaJcAzata loke indriyeNa jAyate pratyakSamiti vyavahAraM dRSTvA'trApi indriyamanonimittakasTa jJAnasya (matijJAnasya) pratyakSe gaNanA bhvti| naiyAyikA api matamida samarthayanti-'indriyArthasannikarSajanyaM jJAnaM pratyakSam' ityuktyaa| ___asya matijJAnasya catvAro bhedA bhavanti-avagraha IhA avAyo dhAraNA ceti| teSAM ca tAtparyamittham-avagrahasyArtho'sti prathamaM jnyaanm| indriyasya viSayeNa sahasambandhe jAte 'idamasti kiJcid' iti prakAratAvizeSyatAzUnya sattAmAtrabodhakaM prathamaM jJAnaM bhvti| pramAtA atredaM nizcetuM na zaknoti ytkimidmiti| atra vizeSadharmasya jJAnaM naiva bhvti| nyAyadarzane jJAnamidaM nirvikalpakaM jnyaanmityucyte| etadanantaram IhAnAmakaM jJAnaM bhvti| asmin jJAne vitarko bhvti|s ca sNshyaatmkH| gaurayaM gavayo veti rUpeNa bhavati sNshyo'tr| saMzayaH kevalaM vikalpaM prastauti natu nirNayaM vidhtte'ym| nirNayAtmakatvAbhAvAdeva saMzayAtmakaM IhAjJAnaM na prmaannm| IhAyAM prastute vikalpe avAyo nirNayati gaurevAyaM na gvyH| IhAyAM prastutAnAM vizeSadharmANAM nAma jAtyAdInAM vidhAya paryAlocanaM nirNayo bhavati gaurevaaymiti| etadanantaram avAye nirNIto'rtho dhAraNAyAM tiSThati kiJcit kaalpryntm| tato viSayAntarite sati viSayo'sau svasaMskAraM tatra saMsthApya gcchti| ayameva krmo'vgrhaadiinaam| - idaM caturvidhaM matijJAnamaSTAviMzatiprakArakaM bhvti| taccetthamjJAnendriyANi pnyc| ekaM ca mnH| eteSAM melanena SaDbhavanti indriyaanni| aparasyAM dizi avagrahasya vyaJjanAvagrahastathArthAvagrahazceti dvau bhedau tathA IhA avAyo dhAraNA ceti militvA paJca bhavanti jnyaanaani|tto manaHsahitaiH SaDindriyaiH saha paJcajJAnAnAM guNane kRte triMzad jJAnAni bhvnti| SaNNAmindriyANAM madhye cakSuSo manasazca vyaJjanAva-graho naiva bhvti| ato triMzabhede dvayoH nyUnatayA aSTAviMzatibhedA bhavanti mtijnyaansy| For Personal & Private Use Only

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23 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI idAnImiyaM jijJAsA bhavati yat manaHcakSuSoH vyaJjanAvagrahaH kathaM na bhavatIti samAdhAnamidaM vijJeyam-indriyANAM padArthaiH saha saMyogamAtrameva vynyjnaavgrhH| tataH 'ayaM ghaTaH', 'ayaM paTaH' iti vizeSagrAhakabuddhyA gRhIte padArthe bhavati arthaavgrhH| cakSuH manazca padArthena saha sambandhaM vinaiva dUrAt gRhItaH pdaarthaan| ata eva anayorarthAvagraha eva bhavati na tu vynyjnaavgrhH| vyaJjanAvagrahAbhAvAdeva cakSurmanazcetyubhayamaprApyakAri ityucyte| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ko hI matijJAna kahA jAtA hai, yaha eka tathya hai| isa jJAna meM indriyoM aura mana kA upayoga hotA hai, isalie kahA gayA hai ki 'indriyamanonimittaM matiH'-arthAt matijJAna indriya aura mana ke dvArA hotA hai| isa jJAna meM AtmA aura vastu ke madhya indriyAM mAdhyama banatI haiM, isalie yaha jJAna vyavadhAna-sahita hotA hai| isa prakAra isa jJAna ko parokSa jJAna kahA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI loka meM indriya aura mana se hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa kahane kI laukika paramparA ko dekhakara matijJAna kI gaNanA pratyakSa meM kI jAtI hai| naiyAyika bhI isI bAta kI puSTi isa ukti ke dvArA karate haiM-'indriyArthasannikarSajanyaM jJAnaM pratyakSam'indriya aura artha ke saMyoga se hone vAle jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai| isa matijJAna ke cAra bheda haiM-avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhaarnnaa| unakA tAtparya isa prakAra hai * avagraha-avagraha kA artha hai prathama jnyaan| indriyoM kA viSaya se sambandha hone para 'yaha kucha hai' sattAmAtra bodhaka prathama jJAna hotA hai| isameM kisI vizeSaNa-vizeSya kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| pramAtA yahAM para yaha nizcita nahIM kara pAtA ki yaha kyA hai? yahAM kisI vizeSa dharma kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| nyAyadarzana meM ise nirvikalpaka jJAna kahA jAtA hai| * IhA-avagraha ke pazcAt IhA jJAna hotA hai| isameM vitarka hotA hai aura vaha saMzayAtmaka hotA hai| yaha gau hai yA gavaya'- isa rUpa meM yaha saMzaya hotA hai| saMzaya kevala vikalpa ko prastuta karatA hai, nirNaya nahIM krtaa| saMzayAtmaka IhAjJAna nirNAyaka na hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM hotaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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24 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI * avAya-IhA ke dvArA prastuta vikalpa meM 'avAya' nirNaya karatA hai ki 'yaha gau hai, gavaya nahIM hai'| IhA meM prastuta vizeSadharmoM meM nAma aura jAti kA paryAlocana kara nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha gau hI hai| dhAraNA-tatpazcAt avAya meM nirNIta artha dhAraNA meM puSTa ho jAtA hai| vaha kucha samaya taka vahAM sthira rahatA hai| phira viSayAntara hone para vaha apanA saMskAra vahAM chor3akara calA jAtA hai| yahI avagrahAdi kA anukrama hai| yaha caturvidha matijJAna aTThAIsa prakAra kA hotA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-pAMca jJAnendriyAM aura eka mn| inako milAne se indriyAM chaH ho jAtI haiN| dUsarI ora avagraha ke do bheda-vyaJjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha tathA IhA, avAya, aura dhAraNAye sabhI milakara jJAna ke pAMca prakAra hote haiN| pAMca indriyoM aura mana ke sAtha avagraha Adi pAMca jJAna kA guNana karane se (645) 30 bheda hote haiN| cha: indriyoM meM cakSu aura mana kA vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM hotA, isalie jJAna ke tIsa bhedoM meM do bheda kama ho jAne ke kAraNa matijJAna aTThAIsa prakAra kA hotA hai| ___aba yahAM yaha jijJAsA hotI hai ki mana aura cakSu kA vyaJjanAvagraha kyoM nahIM hotA? isakA samAdhAna yaha jAnanA cAhie-indriyoM kA padArthoM ke sAtha saMyogamAtra honA hI vyaJjanAvagraha hai| yaha padArtha ghaTa hai', 'yaha padArtha paTa hai'- isa prakAra vizeSa grAhaka badvi se jo vizeSa jJAna hotA hai vaha arthAvagraha hotA hai| cakSu aura mana padArthoM ke sAtha saMyoga kie binA hI dUra se padArthoM kA grahaNa kara lete haiM, isalie inakA arthAvagraha hI hotA hai, vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM hotaa| vyaJjanAvagraha ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI cakSu aura mana-donoM ko aprApyakArI kahA jAtA hai| (12). sAmpratam indriyANAM prApyakAritvamaprApyakAritvaM ca vivecayatiaba indriyoM ke prApyakAritva aura aprApyakAritva kA vivecana kara rahe haiM caturNAM prApyakAritvaM vyatyayo manaso dRshH| vyaJjanAvagrahAbhAvAt pratyakSaM baadhnaattthaa||12|| zrotrendriya, ghrANendriya, rasanendriya tathA sparzanendriya-ina cAroM kA vyaJjanAvagraha hotA hai, isalie ye prApyakArI (prApta artha ko prakAzita karane vAlI) haiN| cakSurindriya For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI aura mana kA vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM hotA, isalie ye donoM aprApyakArI haiN| cakSurindriya dUra se rUpa kA grahaNa karatI hai aura mana dUra se viSaya ko grahaNa karatA hai / yaha pratyakSa hai, isalie ye (vyaJjanAva- graha kA abhAva tathA saMyoga ke binA viSaya kA jJAna ) inake prApyakAritva meM pratyakSa bAdhA hai| nyAyaprakAzikA indriyANi prApyakArINi aprApyakArINi ca bhavanti / teSu kAnicit indriyANi prApyakArINi kAnicicca aprApyAkArINi / paJcasu indriyeSu manasazca madhye zrotrendriyam ghrANendriyam rasanendriyam sparzanendriyamiti imAni catvAri indriyANi prApyakArINi / manazcakSuSI ca aprApyakAriNI / katham eSAM prApyakAritvaM kathaM cA'prApyakAritvamiti jijJAsAyAM samAdhIyate yat yadindriyaM padArthena saha saMyujya evaM taM prakAzayati tat prApyakAri indriyam / yacca padArthena saha samparkaM vinaiva taM prakAzayati tat aprApyakAri indriyam / catvAri indriyANi padArthaiH saha saMyujya eva padArthAn prakAzayanti / ataH tAnyeva prApyakArINi / naiSA sthitiH cakSurmanasoH / ete tu dUrata eva padArthaiH saha saMyogaM vinA padArthAn prakAzayataH / caturNAmindriyANAM vyaJjanAvagraha arthAvagrahazca ityubhayaM bhavati / kintu cakSuSo manasazca kevalaM arthAvagraha eva bhavati na tu vyaJjanAvagrahaH / cakSurmanasoH vyaJjanAvagrahasya bAdhakaM pratyakSameva vartate / lokaprasiddhamidaM yat cakSurmanasoH padArthaiH saha na bhavati saMyogaH tathApi saMyogamantaraiva bhavati tatra padArthabodha: / ataH arthAvagraha eva kevalamanayoH / indriyAM prApyakArI aura aprApyakArI donoM hotI haiN| unameM kucha indriyAM prApyakArI haiM aura kucha apraapykaarii| pAMca indriyoM aura mana ke bIca zrotrendriya, ghrANendriya, rasanendriya aura sparzanendriya- ye cAra prApyakArI indriyAM haiM, cakSu aura mana aprApyakArI haiN| ye prApyakArI aura aprApyakArI kyoM haiM? isa jijJAsA meM isakA samAdhAna yaha haiM ki jo indriya padArtha ke sAtha saMyukta hokara hI usakA prakAzana karatI hai vaha prApyakArI indriya hai| jo indriya padArtha ke sAtha samparka ke binA hI padArtha kA prakAzana karatI hai vaha aprApyakArI indriya hai / cAra indriyAM padArthoM ke sAtha saMyoga karake hI padArthoM ko prakAzita karatI haiM, isalie ve hI prApyakArI indriyAM haiN| cakSu 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

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26 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI aura mana kI aisI sthiti nahIM haiN| ye donoM to dUra se hI padArthoM ke sAtha saMyoga kie binA padArthoM ko prakAzita karate haiN| . cAra indriyoM kA vyaJjanAvagraha arthAvagraha-donoM hotA hai, kintu cakSu aura mana kA kevala arthAvagraha hI hotA hai, vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM hotaa| cakSu aura mana ke vyaJjanAvagraha kA bAdhaka pratyakSa hI hai| yaha bAta loka prasiddha hai ki cakSu aura mana kA padArthoM ke sAtha saMyoga nahIM hotA, phira bhI ve binA saMyoga ke padArtho kA bodha karAte haiM, isalie inakA arthAvagraha hI hotA hai| (13) cakSuSo manasazca prApyakAritvaM nAstItyeva draDhayaticakSu aura mana kA prApyakAritva nahIM hai, isI bAta ko dRDha kara rahe haiM vyavadhimatparicchedi rshmiraashivivrjitm| . mano na bhavituM zakyaM prApyakAri tthekssnnm||13|| . cakSu aura mana-ye prApyakArI nahIM ho skte| isakA hetu hai vyavahita padArtha kA jJAna / mana dUravartI padArtha kA jJAna karatA hai| usI prakAra cakSu bhI dUravartI padArtha kA jJAna karatA hai| cakSu kI razmiyAM padArtha taka pahuMca kara jJAna karAtI haiM athavA padArtha kI razmiyAM cakSu taka pahuMcatI haiM, taba jJAna hotA hai| ye donoM vikalpa pramANasiddha nahIM hai| nyAyaprakAzikA cakSurmanazcetyetadvayaM prApyakAri naasti| viSayaM prApyaiva naitad prakAzayati, kintu vyavahitAn padArthAn prkaashyti| etena spaSTaM bhavati yat manaH cakSuzca yadA padArthairasaMspRSTameva bodhayati padArthAn tadA anayoH prApya kAritvaM kathaM bhavitumarhati? ___ vedAntadarzanAnusAraM manaHcakSuSI prApyakAriNI stH| tasya ceyaM prakriyA'sti-taijasAt cakSuSaH ghaTaM (viSayaM) yAvat ekA praNAlikA bhvti| tadvArA antaHkaraNaM ghaTaM yAvat gcchti|gtvaa ca vissyaakaartaamupaiti| tasmin viSayAkArAkArite antaHkaraNe cetanasya prakAzaH ptti|tt eva ghaTasya jJAnaM bhvti| taduktam For Personal & Private Use Only

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27 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 27 'buddhitatsthacidAbhAsau dvAvetau vyApnuto ghttm| tatrA'jJAnaM dhiyA nazyedAbhAsena ghaTaH sphuret // ' asya kathanasya nirAkaraNaM kurvan granthakAro brUte yat cakSuSaH razmayaH padArthaM yAvat gatvA padArtha prakAzayanti athavA padArthAnAM razmayaH cakSuryAvat Agatya padArthAn prkaashynti| etadvayaM pramANapratipannaM naasti| cakSu-viSayayormadhye vyavadhAne'pi cakSuH dUrata eva viSayAn bodhayati / prakriyeyaM mnso'pi| vyavahitapadArthaprakAzakatvamanayoH praapykaaritvbaadhkmsti| cakSu aura mana-ye donoM prApyakArI nahIM hai| ye donoM viSaya se saMbaddha hokara hI usakA prakAzana nahIM karate, kintu vyavahita padArthoM kA prakAzana karate haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki cakSu aura mana jaba padArthoM se asaMbaddha hokara unakA bodha karAte haiM taba inako prApyakArI kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? vedAntadarzana ke anusAra mana aura cakSu prApyakArI haiN| usakI prakriyA isa prakAra hai-taijasacakSu indriya se ghaTa (viSaya) taka eka praNAlI bana jAtI hai| usa praNAlI ke dvArA antaHkaraNa ghaTa taka jAtA hai aura vaha vahAM jAkara viSayAkAra bana jAtA hai| usa viSayAkArAkArita anta:karaNa para cetana kA prakAza par3atA hai| usase ghaTa kA jJAna hotA hai| jaise kahA hai _ 'buddhitatsthacidAbhAsau dvAvetau vyApnuto ghttm| tatrA'jJAnaM dhiyA nazyedAbhAsena ghaTaH sphuret||' buddhi aura usameM rahane vAlA cidAbhAsa-ye donoM ghaTa ko vyApta kara lete haiN| vahAM buddhi se ghaTaviSayaka ajJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai aura cidAbhAsa se ghaTa kA prakAzana hotA hai| isa kathana kA nirAkaraNa karate hue granthakAra kahate haiM ki cakSu kI razmiyAM padArtha taka jAkara usakA prakAzana karatI haiM, athavA padArthe kI razmiyAM cakSu taka Akara padArthoM kA prakAzana karatI haiM, ye donoM bAteM pramANa siddha nahIM hai / cakSu aura viSaya ke madhya . vyavadhAna hone para bhI cakSu dUra se hI viSayoM kA bodha karA detA hai| yahI prakriyA mana kI bhI hai| vyavahita padArtha kA prakAzana cakSu aura mana ke prApyakAritva kA bAdhaka hai| 1. paJcadazI, tRptidIpaprakaraNam : pR. 255, zlo. 91 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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28 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI (14) . cakSurmanasorupaghAto'nugrahazca neti prastUyatecakSu aura mana kA upaghAta aura anugraha nahIM hotA, isI bAta ko prastuta kara rahe haiM. upaghAto'nugrahazca naanyorpraakssvt| .. tatastatprApyakAritvaM sAdhyate kena dhImatA? 14 // apane-apane viSaya kA sAnnidhya hone para jaise dUsarI indriyoM kA upaghAta aura anugraha hotA hai vaise cakSu aura mana kA upaghAta aura anugraha nahIM hotA, isalie unakA prApyakAritva kauna budvimAn siddha kara sakatA hai? nyAyaprakAzikA * caturNA sparzanAdIndriyANAm upaghAto'nugrahazca bhavati na tumnHckssussoH| kimatra kAraNamiti jijJAsAyAmucyate-sva-sva-viSayaM prAptavatAmeva sparzanAdInAM bhavati upaghAto'nugrahazca / manaHcakSuSI na tAdRze'to'tra na tthaa| ___ ko'yamupaghAtaH kazcAnugraha iti prazne dhyAtavyamidam yat upaghAtaH pratikUlAnubhUtiH anugrhshcaa'nukuulaanubhuutiH| ayamupaghAto'nugrahazca cakSurmano vihAya kevalaM caturNAmevendriyANAM bhvti| asya kAraNaJcedamasti yat imAni sparzana-rasana-ghrANa-zrotrendriyANyeva viSayaM prApya prakAzakArINi bhvnti| cakSurmanazca viSayamaprApyaiva tasya prakAzanaM kurutH| yadA'nayorviSayasamparka eva na jAtastadA upaghAtasya anugrahasya cacaiva kathaM syAt? kIdRza upaghAtaH kIdRzazcAnugraha iti cedidamavagantavyaM yat sparzanendriyasya tu karkazapadArthasparzena kiM vA tIkSNatRNAdisaMsargeNa vA yA udvejakatA bhavati sA evAtra upghaatH| etadpratikUlantu sukhasparza-prayojakapuSpAdisamavadhAne sati yA sukhAnubhUtirbhavati sA evAnukUlatA'tra anugraharUpeNa graahyaa| rasanendriyasyopaghAtastatra bhavati yatra tiktakaTukaSAyAdipadArthaH peyo lehyo bhojyo vA bhvet| tatra tu kevalaM tiktaadirssyaivaanubhuutirbhvti| etadviparItaM sumadhurapeyAdhupalabdhau tu anubhuuyte'nukuultaa| iymnukuultaivaatraanugrhH| For Personal & Private Use Only

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29 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI ghrANendriyasya durgandhamayApavitrapadArthAghrANe sati upaghAto bhavati tathA karpUrAdisugandhamayapadArthasamparke tu bhavati anugrhH| iyamevAnukUlA sthitiH anugraharUpeNa vrtte| ___zrotrendriyasya bheryAdikarkazazabdazravaNe karNapaTalasya vikRtireva upghaatH| etadpratikUlaM tu mandamandatAlalayabaddhaM sumdhursNgiitmyshbdshrvnntRptirevaanugrhH| ___ ayamupaghAto'nugrahazca kevalaM caturveva indriyeSu bhavati, yato hi imAni viSayaiH saha sNyujynte| cakSuSo manaso vA na saMyogaH padArthaiH saheti nAtra bhavati upghaato'nugrhshcaapi|asyaaN sthitau kena matimatA cakSuSo manasazca prApyakAritvaM sAdhayituM shkyte|n kenApIti bhAvaH / atredamapi bodhyaM yat upaghAto'nugrahazca viSayagrAhakeSvindriyeSu eva bhavati na tathA zaktiH mnshckssussoH| upaghAta aura anugraha sparzana Adi cAra indriyoM kA hotA hai, mana aura cakSu kA nahIM hotaa| isakA kyA kAraNa hai, isa jijJAsA meM kahA gayA-apane-apane viSaya ko prApta karane vAlI sparzana Adi indriyoM kA hI upaghAta aura anugraha hotA hai| mana aura cakSu viSaya ko prApta nahIM karate, isalie unakA upaghAta aura anugraha nahIM hotaa| upaghAta kyA hai aura anugraha kyA hai, isa prazna meM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki pratikUla anubhUti honA upaghAta hai aura anukUla anubhUti honA anugraha hai| yaha upaghAta aura anugraha cakSu aura mana ko chor3akara kevala cAra indriyoM kA hotA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki sparzana, rasana, ghrANa aura zrotra-ye indriyAM hI viSaya ko prApta kara unakA prakAzana karatI haiM aura cakSu tathA mana viSaya ko binA prApta kie hI usakA prakAzana karate haiN| jaba cakSu aura mana-ina donoM kA viSaya se samparka hI na ho taba upaghAta aura anugraha kI carcA kisalie kI jAya? upaghAta kaisA hotA hai aura anugraha kaisA hotA hai, isa viSaya meM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki sparzana-indriya kA karkazapadArthoM ke sparza se athavA tIkSNa tRNAdi ke saMsarga se jo udvega hotA hai vahI upaghAta hai| isake pratikUla sukha sparza meM prayukta puSpAdi kA saMyoga hone para jo sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai vahI anukUlatA yahAM anugraha hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI rasana-indriya kA upaghAta vahAM hotA haiM, jahAM tiktakaTu aura kaSAyAdi padArtha pIe jAte haiM, AsvAdita kie jAte haiM yA khAe jAte haiN| vahAM to kevala tiktAdi rasa kI hI anubhUti hotI hai| isake viparIta sumadhura peya Adi kI upalabdhi hone para anukUlatA kI anubhUti hotI hai| anukUlatA hI yahAM anugraha hai| ghrANaindriya kA upaghAta durgandhamaya yA apavitra padArthoM ke sUMghane se hotA hai| isI prakAra karpUra Adi sugandhamaya padArthoM kA samparka hone para anugraha hotA hai| yahI anukUla sthiti anugraha hai| .. . zrotra-indriya kA bherI Adi karkazazabdoM ko sunane para karNapaTala kI vikRti hI upaghAta hai| isake viparIta manda-manda tAlalayabaddha sumadhura saMgItamayazabda ke zravaNa se hone vAlI tRpti hI anugraha hai| yaha upaghAta aura anugraha kevala cAra indriyoM meM hI hotA hai, kyoMki ye indriyAM viSaya ke sAtha saMyukta hotI haiN| cakSu aura mana kA padArthoM ke sAtha saMyoga nahIM hotA, isalie inakA upaghAta aura anugraha bhI nahIM hotaa| isa sthiti meM kauna matimAn cakSu aura mana ke prApyakAritva ko siddha kara sakatA hai? koI bhI nahIM kara sktaa| yahAM yaha bhI jAnanA cAhie ki upaghAta aura anugraha viSayagrAhaka indriyoM meM hI hotA hai, vaisI zakti mana aura cakSu meM nahIM hai| . (15) aJjanamapi cakSuSaH prApyakAritvaM sAdhayituM na zaknotItyeva pratipAdayati aMjana bhI cakSu ke prApyakAritva kA sAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA, isI bAta kA pratipAdana kara rahe haiM dUrato bhavituM zakyaM ydnyjnaadigocrm| tattadakSigataM naiva kathaM ttpraapykaaritaa?15|| AMkha meM AMjane kA aMjana Adi dUra se cakSu kA viSaya ho sakatA hai| vaha jaba AMkha meM AMjA jAtA hai taba vaha cakSu kA viSaya nahIM bntaa| aJjana ko taijasa mAnakara cakSu prApyakArI kaise ho sakatA hai? nyAyaprakAzikA kecana aJjanaMmarthaprakAzakatvena taijasaM matvA cakSuSaH prApyakAritvaM saadhyitumicchnti| teSAM mtmyuktm| yato hi aJjanaM yadA dUrasthitaM bhavati For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 31 tadaiva cakSuSA dRshyte| yadA aJjanaM cakSurgataM syAt tadA tad na dRzyate ckssussaa| etena spaSTaM bhavati yat cakSuH prApyakArIndriyaM naasti|anythaa cakSurgatam aJjanaM cakSuSA kathaM na dRzyeta? cakSuHsaMgatam aJjanameva yadA cakSuSA na dRzyate tadA anyaM viSayaM prApya cakSastaM kathaM prakAzayeta? cakSaH svagatamaJjanaM yadi na prakAzayet tadA aJjanaM taijasaM matvA cakSuH prApyakAri kathaM bhvitumrhti| ataH cakSuSaH prApyakAritvaM naiva yuktm| kucha loga aMjana ko arthaprakAzakatva hone ke kAraNa taijasa mAnakara cakSu kI prApyakAritA ko siddha karanA cAhate haiN| unakA yaha mata yukta nahIM hai, kyoMki aMjana jaba dUrastha hotA hai tabhI cakSu se dekhA jAtA hai| jaba aMjana cakSugata hotA hai taba vaha cakSu ke dvArA nahIM dekhA jaataa| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki cakSu prApyakArI indriya nahIM hai| anyathA cakSugata aMjana cakSu se kyoM nahIM dekhA jAtA? jaba cakSu meM AMjA huA aMjana hI cakSu se nahIM dekhA jAtA taba vaha dUsare viSaya ko prAptakara usako kaise prakAzita karegA? yadi cakSu apane bhItara AMje hue aMjana ko prakAzita na kare taba aMjana ko taijasa mAnakara cakSu prApyakArI indriya kaise ho sakatA hai? ataH cakSu kA prApyakAritva yukta nahIM hai| (16) akSaradRSTAntadvArA cakSuSaH prApyakAritvaM nivArayatiakSara ke dRSTAnta dvArA cakSu ke prApyakAritva kA nivAraNa kara rahe haiM___ sAkSAnirIkSate dUrAdakSarANi ca tAni hi| na tatprapArzvavartIni kathaM ttpraapykaaritaa?16|| jo akSara dUra se dekhe jA sakate haiM ve cakSu ke ati nikaTa Ane para nahIM dekhe jA sakate, isalie cakSu prApyakArI kaise ho sakatA hai? nyAyaprakAzikA ___akSarANi dRzyante cakSuSA, kintu tAnyeva akSarANi cakSuSA dRzyante yAni dUrasthitAni snti| yAni akSarANi cakSuSaH prapArzvavartIni-samIpasthAni santi tAni tu na dRzyante ckssussaa| cakSuSo viSayasya cAtisAmIpyaM hi For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI tadviSayakapratyakSasya bAdhakaM bhvti| yat vastu yasya kAryasya pratibandhakaM bhavati tatkAryaM tu tatra naiva bhvti|atisaamiipyN kasyacidvastunaH pratyakSasya bAdhakamiti siddhAntAnusAraM dUrasthAnyevAkSarANi cakSuSA draSTuM zakyante / asyAM sthitI kathanamidamapArthameva yat cakSuH prApyakAri astiiti|ycckssurkssraanni prApyApi tAni na prakAzayati taccakSuranyad vastu prApya prakAzayiSyatIti kathanamayuktameveti atratyaH saarH| atreyamAzaMkA bhavati yatvastuno'tisAmIpyaM yadi tadvastunaH pratyakSasya bAdhakaM cet tadA samIpastho ghaTo'pi na dRzyeta ckssussaa| kintu bhavatyatra tvipriitm|ttr ghaTastu dRzyate ev|akssraannyev samIpasthAni kathaM na dRshynte| kimatra kAraNamiti vartate jijnyaasaa| asya samAdhAne'vagantavyamidaM yat sUkSmavastUnyeva samIpasthAni cet na dRzyante cakSuSA sthUlAni ghaTapaTAdIni tu dRzyanta ev|taijsaat cakSuSo bahirgatAH tejorazmayo yathA ghaTaM vyApnuvanti na tathA akssraanni|akssraannaamtisaamiipyN hi tejorazmisaMyogasya prtibndhkmsti|at eva samIpastho dUrastho vA ghaTo dRzyate cakSuSA na tu samIpasthAni akSarANi draSTuM zakyante iti| kasyApi vastuno dRzyAdRzyatvavivecanamanayA rItyA bhavati 'atidUrAt saamiipyaadindriyghaataanmno'nvsthaat| saukSyAd vyavadhAnAdabhibhavAt smaanaabhihaaraacc||" etad zlokAnusAraM aSTakAraNAni vastupratyakSasya bAdhakAni bhvnti| taccettham-atidUratA,samIpatA,indriyaghAtaH, mano'navasthitiH, sUkSmatA,vyavadhAnaM, abhibhavaH, smaanaabhihaarshc| akSara cakSu se dekhe jAte haiM, kintu ve hI akSara cakSu se dekhe jAte haiM jo cakSu se dUra hote haiN| jo akSara cakSu ke ati nikaTa hote haiM ve cakSu se nahIM dekhe jaate| cakSu aura viSaya kI atisamIpatA usa viSaya kI pratyakSa kI bAdhikA hotI hai| jo vastu jisa kArya kA pratibandhaka hotI hai vaha kArya vahAM nahIM hotaa| atyanta sAmIpya 1.saaNkhykaarikaa-7| For Personal & Private Use Only

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33 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI kisI vastu ke pratyakSa kA bAdhaka hotA hai, isa siddhAnta ke anusAra dUravartI akSara hI cakSu se dekhe jA sakate haiM / isa sthiti meM yaha kathana bhI vyartha hI hai ki cakSu prApyakArI indriya hai / jo cakSu akSaroM ko prApta karake bhI unakA prakAzana nahIM karatA vaha cakSu anya vastu ko prApta kara usakA prakAzana karegA, yaha kahanA ayukta hI hai, isakA sAra yahI hai / 1 yahAM yaha AzaMkA hotI hai ki jisa vastu kA atyanta sAmIpya yadi usa vastu ke pratyakSa kA bAdhaka hai to samIpastha ghaTa bhI cakSu ke dvArA nahIM dekhA jAnA caahie| kintu yahAM isake viparIta hotA hai| vahAM samIpastha ghaTa to dekhA hI jAtA hai, samIpastha akSara hI kyoM nahIM dekhe jAte? isakA kyA kAraNa hai? yaha eka jijJAsA hai / isake samAdhAna meM yahAM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki samIpastha sUkSma vastueM cakSu se nahIM dekhI jAtI, sthUla ghaTa-paTa Adi to dekhe hI jAte haiM / taijasa cakSu se bAhara nikalane vAlI taijasa razmiyAM jaise ghaTa ko vyApta karatI haiM vaise akSaroM ko nahIM krtii| akSaroM kI ati samIpatA hI taijasa razmiyoM ke saMyoga hone meM bAdhaka hai, isalie ghaTa cAhe dUra ho athavA nikaTa ho vaha cakSu ke dvArA dekhA jAtA hai, samIpastha akSara usase nahIM dekhe jA skte| kisI bhI vastu ke dekhe jAne athavA nahIM dekhe jAne kA vivecana isa rIti se hotA hai 'atidUrAt sAmIpyAdindriyaghAtAnmano'navasthAt / saukSmyAd vyavadhAnAda'bhibhavAt samAnAbhihArAcca // ' 1 isa zloka ke anusAra ATha kAraNa vastupratyakSa ke bAdhaka haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM - atidUratA, samIpatA, indriyaghAta, mana kI caMcalatA, sUkSmatA, vastu kA avarodha, abhibhava (jaise dIpaka ke prakAza kA vidyut ke prakAza se daba jAnA), samAnAbhihAra (sadRza vastu meM sadRza padArtha kA mila jAnA, jaise dUdha meM pAnI kA mizraNa ) / ( 17 ) sAmprataM prakArAntareNa cakSuSaH prApyakAritvaM nirAkaroti aba dUsare prakAra se cakSu ke prApyakAritva kA nirAkaraNa kara rahe haiM - caturNAM gocarA yAvat pArzvasthAstAvadeva hi / tatprAkarNya tathA nAsya kathaM tatprApyakAritA?17 // For Personal & Private Use Only

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34 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI cAra indriyoM (sparzana, rasana, ghrANa aura zrotra) ke viSaya jitane nikaTa hote haiM utanA hI unakA prakRSTa jJAna hotA hai| cakSu ko nikaTatama viSaya kA jJAna nahIM hotA, isalie vaha prApyakArI kaise ho sakatA hai? nyAyaprakAzikA sparzana-rasana-ghrANa-zrotrendriyANAM caturNA viSayA yAvat sannihitA bhavanti tAvadeva teSAM spaSTaM vizadaM ca jJAnaM bhvti| atra bhavati eSA vicikitsA yat sparzanarasanendriyaviSayA yadi samIpasthAH syustadA teSAM manAgapi bodho bhavituM nArhati indriyasaMyogena vinaa| ataH tayorindriyayorviSayabodhanArthaM viSayasaMyoga Avazyaka ev| ' prastutakArikAyAM yat pArzvasthapadaM vartate tat viSayendriyasaMyogapyApi upalakSaNamiti vedniiym|sprshnendriyenn sAdhUzItoSNAdipadArthasaMsparzorasanendriyeNa sArdhaM ca tiktakaTurasAdisaMsparzaH eva viSayANAM spaSTAnubhUtiM kaaryti| pratyakSamidam yat anyeSAmindriyANAM viSayAH dUratastathA na spaSTA yathA smiipsthaaH| cakSuSo viSaye tu etadviparItaM dRshyte| cakSurdUrata eva viSayAn adhikaM spaSTatayA bodhayati, kintu svagataM kajjalAdikaM naiv| cakSuryadi kajjalAdikaM prApyA'pi tanna prakAzayati tad tadA prApyakArIndriyamiti kathaM vaktuM shkyte| ataH tanna praapykaariindriym| sparzana, rasana, ghrANa aura zrotra-ina cAra indriyoM ke viSaya jitane sannikaTa hote haiM utanA hI unakA spaSTa aura vizada jJAna hotA haiN| yahAM yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki sparzana aura rasana-indriyoM ke viSaya yadi nikaTa hote haiM to unakA jarA bhI jJAna nahIM hotA, jaba taka unakA indriyoM ke sAtha saMyoga na ho| isalie sparzana aura rasana-indriyoM ke viSaya kA bodha karane ke lie una-una indriyoM ke sAtha viSaya kA saMyoga honA hI Avazyaka hai| prastuta kArikA meM jo 'pArzvastha' pada kA prayoga hai vaha viSaya aura indriya ke saMyoga kA upalakSaNa hai, aisA jAnanA caahie| sparzana-indriya ke sAtha zIta-uSNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 35 Adi padArthoM kA saMsparza aura rasana- - indriya ke sAtha tikta kaTu rasa Adi kA saMsparza hI viSayoM kI spaSTa anubhUti karAtA hai| yaha pratyakSa hai ki dUsarI indriyoM ke viSaya dUra se utane spaSTa nahIM hote jitane spaSTa samIpastha ke hote haiN| cakSu ke viSaya meM to isase viparIta dekhA jAtA hai / cakSu dUra se hI viSayoM kA adhika spaSTatA se bodha karAtA hai, kintu cakSu AMje hue kajjala Adi kA usase bodha nahIM hotA / cakSu yadi kajjala Adi ko prApta karake bhI use prakAzita nahIM karatA taba use prApyakArI indriya kaise kahA jA sakatA hai, isalie vaha prApyakArI indriya nahIM hai / (18) idAnIM zrotrendriyasya prApyakAritvaM sAdhayati aba zrotra - indriya kI prApyakAritA ko siddha kara rahe haiM upaghAtAnugrahatvAcchrotrasya prApyakAritA / pratyakSaM siddhimAdatte tatra saMdegdhi kaH sudhIH ? 18 // zrotrendriya kI prApyakAritA pratyakSa siddha hai, kyoMki vahAM upaghAta aura anugrahadonoM dekhe jAte haiN| vahAM kauna vidvAn saMdeha kara sakatA hai ? nyAyaprakAzikA - zrotrendriyaM prApyakAri asti / idamindriyaM viSayaM prApya taM prakAzayati / atra upaghAtAnugrahau dRzyete / imau ca tatraiva bhavato yatra indriyANAM prApyakAritvaM syAt / viSayamupagateSveva indriyeSu bhavati upaghAto 'nugraho vA / upaghAtastu indriyeSu kAcit kSatiH pratikUlatA vedanIyA / karkaza - visphoTakazabdazravaNe bhavatyeva udvejakatA zrotrasya / zrotrapriyamadhurazabdazravaNe bhavatyevAnubhUtiH sukhadA / zrutipathamupagateSveva zabdeSu pratikUlAnukUlA vA sthitirjAyate / zabdAnAM zrutipathamAgamanameva zrotrasya prApyakAritA asti / prakArAntareNa zakyate vaktuM yat zrotrendriyaM zabdAn prApyaiva sukhadAmudvejikAM vA sthitimApnoti / etad sarvaM svAnubhUtyaiva pratyakSaM vartate / asyAM sthitau kaH sudhIjano'tra sandehaM kuryAt ? na ko'pIti bhAvaH / For Personal & Private Use Only

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36 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI zrotra-indriya prApyakArI hai| yaha indriya viSaya ko prApta karake usakA prakAzana karatI hai| yahAM upaghAta aura anagraha donoM dekhe jAte haiN| ye donoM vahIM hote haiM jahAM indriyAM prApyakArI hotI haiN| indriyoM ke dvArA viSaya kI prApti hone para hI upaghAta aura anugraha hotA hai| upaghAta kA artha hai-indriyoM meM kucha kSati aura pratikUlatA kI anubhUti / karkaza visphoTaka zabda ke zravaNa se hI zrotra kI udvejakatA hotI hai aura karNapriya madhura zabda ke zravaNa se hI sukhada anubhUti hotI hai| kAna meM zabdoM ke Ane para hI pratikUla aura anukUla sthiti banatI hai| zabdoM kA zruti meM AnA hI zrotraindriya kI prApyakAritA hai| dUsarI prakAra se yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki zrotraindriya zabdoM ko prApta karake hI sukhada athavA udvejaka sthiti ko prApta karatI hai| ___yaha saba sva-anubhUtijanya pratyakSa hai| isa sthiti meM kauna budvimAn vyakti yahAM saMdeha kara sakatA hai? koI bhI nahIM karatA, yaha isakA bhAva hai| . (19) zrotrendriyasya prApyakAritvamasvIkurvatAM bauddhAnAM mataM khaNDayitumupakramate bauddha zrotra-indriya kI prApyakAritA ko svIkAra nahIM krte| unake mata kA khaNDana karane ke lie yaha upakrama kiyA jA rahA hai digdeshvypdeshtvaacchrotrsyaapraapykaaritaa| digdezavyapadezastu gndhsprshnyorpi||19|| bauddhadarzana kA abhimata hai ki zrotrendriya prApyakArI nahIM hai| isakA hetu hai ki usake viSaya meM dik aura deza kA vyapadeza hotA hai-amuka dizA se zabda A rahA hai, amuka deza se zabda A rahA hai| isa prakAra kA vyapadeza hotA hai| isake uttara meM jaina dArzanikoM ne kahA ki dik aura deza kA vyapadeza ghrANendriya aura sparzanendriya ke viSaya meM bhI hotA hai, ataH isa hetu se zrotra ko aprApyakArI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| nyAyaprakAzikA __ zrotrendriyaviSaye bauddhadarzanasyedamabhimatam yat tad prApyakAriindriyaM naasti| prApyakAri indriyaM tadeva bhavati yat viSayaM prApya taM prkaashyet| naiSA sthitirasti For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 37 shrotrendriysy| kAraNaJcAsyedamasti yadasya indriyasya viSaye kathyate yat amukadizaH amukadezAd vA ayaM zabda AyAti iti| etena spaSTaM bhavati yat yadi zabdaH zrotreNa prAptaH syAt tadA nedaM kathanaM yuktaM syAt yat zabdo'yaM samAgato'mukadizo dezAd vaa| etena idameva tathyaM spaSTaM bhavati yat zrotraM zabdaM prApya taM na prakAzayati, kintu aprAptameva taM prkaashyti| tasmAt zrotrendriyamaprApyakAri ityeva siddhyti| praznasyAsyottaraM dadatA kArikAkAreNa samAdhIyate yat digdezavyapadezAnna zrotramaprApyakAri, yato hi dizo dezasya ca vyapadezastu ghrANendriyaviSaye'pi bhavati yat asyA dizaH asmAt dezAt vA ayaM sugandho durgandho vA aayaatiiti| evaM sparzanendriyaviSaye'pi digdezavyapadezo bhavati-yathA asyA dizaH asmAt dezAtvA samAgataH pavanaHzItasparzamanu-bhAvayati ussnnsprshnyc|etaadRshe vyavahAre satyapi yadi bauddhaiH ghrANendriyasya sparzanendriyasya ca prApyakAritvaM svIkriyate tadA zrotrendriyasya prApyakAritvasvIkAre kathaM bhavati zirovedanA? tasmAt zrotrendriyaM prApyakAri iti nishcitmev| . zrotrendriya ke viSaya meM bauddhadarzana kA yaha abhimata hai ki vaha prApyakArI indriya nahIM hai| prApyakArI indriya vahI hotI hai jo viSaya ko prApta karake usakA prakAzana kre| zrotrendriya kI yaha sthiti nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa indriya ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki amuka dizA se athavA amuka deza se yaha zabda A rahA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki yadi zabda zrotra se gRhIta hotA to yaha kathana yukta nahIM hotA ki yaha zabda amuka dizA athavA amuka deza se AyA hai| isase yaha tathya spaSTa hotA hai ki zrotra zabda ko prApta karake usakA prakAzana nahIM karatA, kintu aprApta zabda ko hI prakAzita karatA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki zrotrendriya aprApyakArI hai| isa prazna kA uttara dete hue kArikAkAra isakA samAdhAna karate haiM ki dizA aura deza kA vyavahAra karane se zrotrendriya aprApyakArI nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki dizA aura deza kA vyavahAra to ghrANendriya ke viSaya meM bhI hotA hai, jaise ki isa dizA se athavA isa deza se yaha sugandha athavA durgandha A rahI hai| isI prakAra sparzanendriya ke viSaya meM bhI dizA-deza kA vyavahAra hotA hai| jaise ki isa dizA athavA isa deza se For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI AI huI havA zIta sparza athavA uSNa sparza kA anubhava karA rahI hai| isa prakAra kA vyavahAra hone para bhI yadi bauddha ghrANendriya aura sparzanendriya kI prApyakAritA ko svIkAra karate haiM to zrotrendriya kI prApyakAritA ko svIkAra karane meM unako zirovedanA kyoM hotI hai? ataH zrotrendriya prApyakArI hai, yaha nizcita hI hai| (20-23) . jainadarzane pratyakSaM parokSaJceti prmaanndvymbhimtm| tatra pratyakSapramANaM prastutya samprati parokSapramANaM prastotuM tadbhedAn zlokacatuSTayena nirUpayati jainadarzana meM pratyakSa aura parokSa-ye do pramANa abhimata haiN| inameM pratyakSa pramANa ko prastuta kara aba parokSa pramANa ko prastuta karane ke lie usake bhedoM kA cAra zlokoM ke dvArA nirUpaNa kara rahe haiM smaraNaM pratyabhijJAnaM tarko'numA tthaagmH| pUrvakAraNasApekSaM parokSaM paJcadhA smRtm||20|| prAktanAnubhavApekSaM smaraNaM tadidaM punH| apekSate pratyabhijJA tarkaH proktstryiimpi||21|| anumAnaJcahetvAdi drshnaapekssmaagmH| zabdazravaNasaMketa grhnnaaditypekssitm|| 22 // matijJAnasya bhedAH syuH catvAro'mI zrutasya tu| Agamo bheda eko hi sptbhnggiinyaanvitH||23|| ||cturbhiH klaapkm|| parokSa pramANa ke pAMca bheda haiM-smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna aura aagm| inameM pUrva kAraNa kI apekSA rahatI hai| . smRti pUrva anubhavasApekSa hai| yaha vahI hai' yaha jJAna (pratyabhijJA) smRtisApekSa hai| tarka pUrvAnubhava, smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAsApekSa hotA hai| anumAna hetu Adi darzana kI apekSA hotI hai| Agama meM zabdazravaNa tathA saMketagrahaNa Adi apekSita haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 39 matijJAna ke cAra bheda haiM- smaraNa, pratyabhijJA, tarka aura anumAna / zrutajJAna kA eka bheda hai - aagm| vaha saptabhaMgI aura naya se yukta hai| nyAyaprakAzikA parokSapramANasya paJca bhedA bhavanti / te ca santIme smRtiH, pratyabhijJA, tarkaH, anumAnam, Agamazca / eSu pUrvakAraNasya apekSA bhavati / asyAH apekSAyAH krama eSu evaM bhavati - smRtiH - sA anubhavajanyA bhavati / pUrvaM kasyApi vastuno'nubhavAtmakaM jJAnaM bhavati / tatpazcAt tatsadRzavastu-darzane pUrvAnubhUtasya smRtirbhavati - 'tat sudinam', 'tanme manaH' ityAdirUpeNa / smRtau tatzabdasyollekho bhavati / anena spaSTaM bhavati yat smRtau na ko'pi nUtanaviSaya AyAti pratyuta pUrvadRSTaH zruto vA smaryate eva kevalam / na bhavatyatra viSayaH sammukhaH, kintu kevalaM tasya smaraNameva bhavati / pUrvadRSTasya zrutasya vA smaraNajananAt smRterevaM lakSaNaM zrUyate -'anubhavajanyaM jJAnaM smRtiH ' / evameva bhikSunyAyakarNikAyAmapi smRteridaM lakSaNam upalabhyate'saMskArodbodhasaMbhavA tadityAkArA smRti:' / ' asyAyamabhiprAyo yat pUrvaM kecana viSayA jJAtAH santo'smAkaM saMskAre avasthitA bhavanti / yadA kathaJcit asmAkaM saMskArasyodbodhanaM bhavati tadA tatra avasthitA viSayA asmAkaM jJAnaviSayatAmAyAnti, arthAt smRtA bhavanti / etenedaM spaSTaM bhavati yat smRtau na kazcana nUtano viSayo jJAyate'pitu jJAtaviSayA eva smaryante / jJAnaJcedaM smaraNAtmakameva na tu anubhavAtmakam / ata eva prastutakArikAyAM yallikhitaM vartate yat 'prAktanAnubhavApekSaM smaraNam' tat samIcInameva / smaraNaM pUrvaM jAtena anubhavenaiva bhavati / ato'trA'pekSA bhavati prAktanAnubhavasya / etadeva tathyaM vAdidevasUriNA'pi vyalekhi - 'saMskAraprabodhasambhUtamanubhUtArthaviSayaM tadityAkAraM vedanaM smaraNamiti' / ' AcAryahemacandro'pi smRterviSaye 1. bhikSunyAyakarNikA, tRtIyo vibhAgaH, sUtram 5 / 2. pramANanayatattvAlokaH, 3 / 25 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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40 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI evameva vyAjahAra yat-'vAsanobodhahetukA tadityAkArA smRtiH'| vAsanAsaMskArastasyodbodhaH-prabodhaH, sa eva heturyasyAH sA eva smRtiriti| etatsamAnArthakameva smRterlakSaNaM nyaaydrshne'pyuplbhyte| tatroktam'saMskAramAtrajanyaM jJAnaM smRtiH' / asmin lakSaNe yadi mAtrapadaM na syAt tadA saMskArajanyaM jJAnaM smRtirityeva lakSaNaM syaat| taccedaM lakSaNaM pratyabhijJAyAmapi gacchedityativyAptiH syAt, pratyabhijJAyA api sNskaarjnytvaat| atro'tra lakSaNe mAtrapadaniveza Avazyaka ev| evaM prakAraiH vividhalakSaNairidaM jJAyate'tra yatsmRtiH saMskArajanyA bhvti| * pratyabhijJA-sAmprataM smRteranantaraM pratyabhijJAyAH pUrvakAraNa-sApekSatvaM kathamiti vicaaryte| ekaviMzatikArikAyAM likhitamasti yat 'tadidaM punaH apekSate prtybhijnyaa'| asyedaM tAtparyaM yat pratyabhijJAyAM tatzabdaH idaMzabdazceti dvympeksste|at eva pratyabhijJAyA lakSaNamevaM vaktuM zakyate yat'tattA-idantAvagAhinI buddhiH pratyabhijJA' / atra tattApadena tatzabdasya idantApadena idaMzabdasya ca grahaNaM bhvti| yasmin jJAne anayoH zabdayoH prayogo bhavati tadeva jJAnaM prtybhijnyaa| udAharaNArthaM yathA-'so'yam devadattaH', 'tadevedaM nagaram' iti prayogau staH prtybhijnyaayaam|spssttmidmdevdtt-naamkH kazcana puruSaH kadAcit jayapuranagare dRssttH| sa eva yadi vartamAne jodhapuranagaryAM dRSTipathe AyAti tatrocyate so'yaM devdttH'| atra 'sa' iti tatzabdasya ruupm| 'ayam' iti ca idaMzabdasya ruupm| atra 'sa' iti padena pUrvadRSTasya devadattasya smaraNaM bhavati, ayam' iti padena ca asau pratyakSo bhvti| ata eva 'so'yaM devadattaH' iti jJAnam 'tattA idantAvagAhi' vrtte| ekena 'sa' iti padena tasya smaraNaM tathA 'ayam' iti padena tasya pratyakSaJca bhavatIti 'tattA idantAvagAhi' jJAnaM 1. pramANamImAMsA, 1/2/3 / 2. tarkasaMgrahaH, pR. 21, kedAranAthatripAThIkRtA vyaakhyaa| 3. lakSaNamidaM vyAkhyAkArasya, paM. vishvnaathmishr| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 41 pratyabhijJAyAH samIcInamudAharaNam / atredamapi vaktuM zakyate - pratyabhijJAlakSaNaM tatpadayuktaM tathA idaMpadayuktaM ca bhavati / AcAryahemacandreNA'pi tathyamidaM evaM prati - pAditam -' darzanasmaraNasaMbhavaM tadevedaM, tatsadRzaM tadvilakSaNaM, tatpratiyogItyAdisaMkalanaM pratyabhijJAnam' / ' bhikSunyAyakarNikAyAmapi etatsamAnArthakameva pratyabhijJAlakSaNamupalabhyate - 'anubhavasmRtisaMbhavaM tadevedaM, tatsadRzaM, tadvilakSaNaM, tatpratiyogItyAdisaMkalanaM pratyabhijJA' / tAtparyamidaM yat pratyabhijJA saMkalanAtmakaM jJAnamasti / , AcAryahemacandreNa tathA bhikSunyAyakarNikAkAreNa AcAryatulasIgaNinA'pi idaM saMkalanAtmakaM tathyamavalambya pratyabhijJAyA lakSaNaM evaM kRtaM yat darzanAt smaraNAcca militvA jAyamAnaM idaM tadevedaM tatsadRzamevedaM tadvilakSaNamidaM idaM tatpratiyogi ityevaMrUpeNa yatsaMkalanaM bhavati sA eva pratyabhijJA / atra darzanapadena athavA anubhavapadena ca jJAnasya pratyakSatA vyaktA bhavati tathA smRtipadena jJAnasya pUrvakAlikatA vyaktA bhavati / asyA udAharaNAni evaM bodhyAni, yathA * darzanasmaraNasaMbhavam athavA anubhavasmRtisaMbhavaM ca tadevedam -'so'yaM bhikSuH / ' atra 'ayam' iti padena bhikSoH pratyakSaM jJAnaM bhavati / tathA 'sa' iti padena pUrvadRSTasya bhikSoH smaraNaM bhavati / anayA rItyA idamekaM saMkalanAtmakaM jJAnamasti / * tatsadRzam tatpratiyogi vA - 'goH sadRzo gavayaH' ityatra gavayasya pratyakSaM tathA sAdRzyapratiyogitayA goH smaraNaM ca bhavatIti tatsadRzatatpratiyoginorudAharaNam / * tadvilakSaNam - 'govilakSaNo mahiSaH' ityukte sati go-pratiyogikavilakSaNatAyAH anuyogI mahiSo bhavati / atra mahiSasya pratyakSAtmakaM jJAnaM tathA tanniSThavailakSaNyajJAnaM tu pUrvato nirdhAritaM smaraNAtmakaM ceti / ataH pratyabhijJA saMkalanAtmakajJAnarUpA bhavatIti kathanaM sArthakameva / 1. pramANamImAMsA, 1/2/4 | 2. bhikSunyAyakarNikA, tRtIyo vibhAgaH, sU. 6 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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42 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI sAmprataM idaM vicAryate yat smRtau pratyabhijJAyAM ca ko bhedaH iti jijJAsAyAmidamavadhAraNIyaM yatsmRtau viSayo na bhavati, kintu kevalaM smryte'sau| pratyabhijJAyAM tu viSayaH puratastiSThati tadIyaM smaraNaM ca bhvti| ato jJAnamidaM pratyakSAtmakaM smaraNAtmakaM caasti| pratyabhijJAyAH pUrvakAraNasApekSatvaM kathaM bhavatIti jijnyaasaa| asyAH samAdhAnamidamasti yat smaraNapratyakSayormelanena jAyamAnAyAM pratyabhijJAyAM yat smaraNAtmakamityaMzo vartate sa tu pUrvadRSTasya anubhUtasya vA bhvti| asmAd hetoH pratyabhijJA pUrvakAraNasApekSA bhvtiityvgntvym| atreyaM bhavati zaGkA yat yatra na tatzabdaprayogaH na vA idaMzabdaprayogaH na vA anubhavasmaraNayoreva pratItistatra 'gosadRzo gavayaH' ityAdau kathaM saMkalanAtmikA pratyabhijJeti? atrocyate-na kevalaM smaraNapratyakSayorekatra melane eva pratyabhijJA, kintu yatra anekaM jJAnaM sammilya ekatAmAdhatte tatrA'pi saMkalanAtmakaM jnyaanmev| prastutodAharaNe gavayasya pratyakSaM tathA sAdRzyapratiyogitvena goH smaraNaM ca bhavatyeveti atrApi pratyakSasmaraNayormelanaM vartata ev| yatrApi govilakSaNo mahiSa ityucyate tatra yadyapi tatzabdasya idaMzabdasya ca prayogo nAsti tathApi jJAnadvayasya sammelanam atrApi vartate ev| taccetthamatra yA mahiSavilakSaNatoktA tasyAH pratiyogI gaurasti, anuyogI ca mahiSo vrtte|atraanuyogino mahiSasya pratyakSa tathA pratiyogino goH smaraNaM ca bhvtyev| anayA rItyA anyeSvapi udAharaNeSu pratyabhijJA saadhniiyaa| * tarkaH-idaM tRtIyaM prokssjnyaanm| idamapi jJAnaM pUrvakAraNa-sApekSaM bhvti| etasya lakSaNamevaM kRtaM vartate yat 'anvy-vytireknirnnystrkH'|' tatra ko'nvayaH kazca vyatirekaH iti jijJAsAyAmidamavagantavyaM yat 'tatsattve ttstvmnvyH'| 'tadabhAve tadabhAvo vytirekH'| anvaye 1.bhikSunyAyakarNikA, dvitIyo vibhAgaH, suu.7| 2. bhikSunyAyakarNikAyAM mUle idamasti-'sAdhane sati sAdhyasya, sAdhye eva vA sAdhanasya bhAvaH anvyH| sAdhyAbhAve sAdhanAbhAvaH vytirekH|' asya mUlapAThasya vyAkhyAnamupari vrtte| For Personal & Private Use Only

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43 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI pUrvatatpadena vyApyasya grahaNaM tathA dvitIyatatpadena vyApakasya grahaNaM krttvym| arthAt vyApyasattve vyaapksttvm| dhUmasattve vahne : sttvmevaanvyH| vyApye dhUme sati vyApako vhnirstyev| vyatirekazca tadabhAve tadabhAva ruupH| atra prathamatat-zabdena vyApakasya grahaNaM kartavyam dvitIyena tatzabdena vyApyasya grahaNaM c| vyApakA'bhAve vyApyA'bhAvo bhvtyev|aymtr sAraH anvaye sAdhanaM dhUmo vyApyo bhavati sAdhyo vahnizca vyApako bhvti| vyatireke tu sAdhyAbhAvo vyApyaH sAdhanAbhAvazca vyApako bhvti| sAdhyAbhAve vahnayabhAve sAdhanAbhAvo dhUmAbhAvo bhvtyev| tarkasya lakSaNamavalambya yadA vicAraH kriyate tadA spaSTaM bhavati yat tarkasya kRte pUrvAnubhavasya smaraNasya tathA pratyabhijJAyAzceti trayANAmapekSA bhvti| sA cettham-dhUme vahnervyAptigRhIto z2ano yadA parvate dhUmaM pazyati tadA tasya idamanubhavAtmakaM prathamaM jJAnaM bhavati-'dhUmavAna'yaM prvtH'| tato dhUmo vahnivyApya iti vyAptismaraNaM bhavati, tato so'yaM dhUmo yo vahnivyAptiyuta iti pratyabhijJA bhvti| anayA rItyA tarkaH pUrvAnubhavasmaraNapratyabhijJAsApekSa iti siddhyti| * anumAnam-caturthaM parokSapramANamasti-anumA arthAt anumaanm| anena pramANena pakSe saadhymnumiiyte| sAdhyamanumAtum eko heturpekssyte| sa ca hetu sAdhyasyA'vinAbhAvI bhvet| avinAbhAvI heturasAveva bhavati yasya sAdhyena saha anvayavyAptiH vyatirekavyAptizceti vyAptidvayaM sNbhvet| etatsandarbha dhUma eva vahivyAptiviziSTo heturuplbhyte| yena puruSeNa mahAnasAdau dhUme vahnivyAptirgRhItA sa eva puruSaH kadAcit vanaM gtH| tatra ca parvate avicchinnamUlAM dhUmalekhAM pshyti| idaM tasya prathamaM jJAnaM 'parvato dhUmavAn' iti| tato'sau dhUme gRhItAM vyAptiM smrti| sa evAyaM dhUmo yo vhnivyaaptivishisstto'sti| tato vhernumitiH| taccedaM pramANamapi pUrvakAraNasApekSamasti-yathA pUrvaM parvate dhUmadarzanam, tato dhUmo vahnivyApya iti vyAptismaraNam, tato vahnivyApyaH so'yaM dhUma For Personal & Private Use Only

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44 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI iti pratyabhijJA, tataH parvato vahnimAn ityanumitiriti kramaH pUrvakAraNasApekSatvasyeti jJeyaH / * AgamaH - idAnIm Agamasya viSaye vicAraH kriyate / 'AsamantAd gamyate bodhyate-jJAyate AtmatattvaM yenA- sAvAgama iti' tasya vyutpattilabhyo'rthaH / Agamo hi parokSapramANasyAparo bhedaH / 'Apta' vacanAt jAtaM zrutajJAnamAgama:' iti tadIyaH prasiddho'parArthaH / na ca yadi vacanAt jAtaM jJAnamAgamazcet Aptavacane Agamazabdasya prayogaH kathaM syAditi ced idamatra bodhyam-yat Aptavacane yaH khalu Agamazabdasya prayogaH sa tu aupacAriko'sti / tAtparyamidaM yat AptavacanAt jAyamAne zrutajJAne yad AgamatvaM vartate tat tadIye kAraNe Aptavacane samAropya Aptavacanamapi Agamazabdenocyate / arthAt AptavacanaM kAraNamasti zrutajJAnaM ca tadIyaM kAryamasti / upacArAd kAryadharmaM kAraNe Aropya Aptavacanamapi AgamaH kathyate / ayamevAtropacAraH / 1 Agamo hi shrutjnyaanm| tacca zrutajJAnaM dvividhamasti - dravyazrutaM bhAvazrutaJca / tatra varNapadavAkyAtmakaM vacanaM paudgalikatvAt dravyazrutam / idaM dravyazrutameva arthajJAnasya bhAvazrutasya sAdhanaM bhavati / zrutajJAnaM yat zabdAtmakaM bhavati tasya eka eva bhedo bhavati AgamaH / sa cAgamaH saptabhaGgInayAnvito bhavati / tAtparyamidaM yat saptabhaGgInayazcetyetad dvayamAgamapramANAt vyatiriktaM nAsti / AgamapramANa eva anayorapi gaNanA kartavyeti bhAvaH / 1. bhikSunyAyakarNikAyAM tu AcAryatulasImahAbhAgena anumAnaprasaMge sAdhyasya vyAkhyA evaM kRtAsti'sisAdhayiSitaM sAdhyam / ' vyAptau dharma eva, yathA - yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatra vahniH / anumita tu sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmI, yathA- ' -'agnimAn parvataH ' / dharmI eva pakSaH / pakSavacanaM pratijJA / atra dharmapadena agneH tathA dharmipadena parvatasya grahaNaM kRtaM vartate / 2. (ka) Aptastu yathArthavaktA / tarkasaMgrahaH, zabdaparicchedaH, pR. 62 / (kha) rAgAdivazAdapi nAnyathA vAdI yaH sa AptaH / 3. bhikSunyAyakarNikA, caturthI vibhAgaH, sU. 2 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI idamidAnIM vicAryate yat zabdAdarthabodhaH kathaM bhvtiiti| sa ca zabdaH sahajasAmarthyasamayAbhyAmarthaM prtyaayyti| sahajasAmarthya zabdasyArthapratipAdanazaktiH yogyatAnAmnI', samayazca sNketH| ___ idamatra bodhyaM yat zabde'rthabodhikA shktistisstthti| yasmin zabde yadarthabodhikA zaktistiSThati tasmAt zabdAt tadarthasyaiva bodho jaayte| ata eva sarvebhyaH zabdebhyo na sarveSAmarthAnAM bodhH| yadarthabodhikA zaktiryasmin zabde gRhItA tasmin zabde zrutipathamAgate sati tadarthasyaivabodho gRhItazaktikasyaiva puruSasya bhavati, nAnyasya jnsy| yena puruSeNArthabodhi kA zaktirna gRhItA athavA gRhItA'pi zaktiryadi vismRtA syAt tadApi na bodhH| iyaM zabdasya arthabodhikA zaktiH sahajA asti| anayA zaktyA zabdo'rthaM tathaiva bodhayati yathA indriyANi svasvaviSayAn bodhynti| yogyatA iva saMketo'pi bhavati arthbodhopyogii|asmaat padAdayamartho bodhavyaH ityeva saMketaparamparA / vastutastu saMketa eva zabdazaktiM grAhayitvA artha bodhayatIti saarH| sa ca saMketo vyAkaraNopamAnakozAptavAkyAdibhiravagantavyaH / kArikAkAreNa parokSajJAnasya matiH zrutaJceti bhedadvayaM prtipaaditm| tatra matijJAnasya smRtiH, pratyabhijJA, tarkaH, anumAnaJceti catvAro bhedAH snti| zrutajJAnasya caika eva bheda aagmH| AgamaH paudgalikaH zabdAtmakaH arthabodhaheturiti vadanti vijJAH / 1. indriyANAM svaviSayeSvanAdiryogyatA ythaa| anAdirathaiH zabdAnAM sambandho yogyatA tthaa|| -vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNam zaktiprakaraNama zloka 37 2. yathA sahakArapadAt AmravRkSo bodhavya iti sNketH| 3. 1. etadviSaye bhikSunyAyakarNikA'valokanIyA-caturtho vibhAgaH, sU. 5 / 4. zaktigrahaM vyAkaraNopamAnakozAptavAkyAd vyavahAratazca / vAkyasya zeSAd vivRtervadanti,sAnnidhyataH siddhapadasya vRddhaaH||' - -nyAyasiddhAntamuktAvalI, zabdakhaNDaH, pR. 296 For Personal & Private Use Only

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46 jaina nyAyapaJcAzatI parokSa pramANa ke pAMca bheda hote haiN| ve ye haiM - smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna aura aagm| inameM pUrva kAraNa kI apekSA hotI hai| isa apekSA kA krama inameM isa prakAra hotA hai * smRti - yaha anubhavajanya hotI hai| pahale kisI bhI vastu kA anubhavAtmaka jJAna hotA hai| usake pazcAt usI ke sadRza vastu ko dekhane para pahale anubhUta kI huI smRti isa rUpa meM hotI hai, jaise- 'vaha sudina' athavA 'vaha merA mana' / smRti meM 'tat' zabda kA ullekha hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki smRti meM koI bhI nayA viSaya nahIM AtA pratyuta pahale dekhe hue athavA sune hue kA hI kevalaM smaraNa hotA hai| yahAM koI vastu sammukha nahIM hotI, kintu usakA kevala smaraNa hI hotA hai| pUrva meM dekhe hue athavA sune hue ke smaraNa se utpanna jJAna ko smRti kahA jAtA hai - 'anubhavajanyaM jJAnaM smRtiH / ' arthAt anubhavajanya jJAna hI smRti hai| isI prakAra bhikSunyAyakarNikA meM bhI smRti kA yaha lakSaNa prApta hotA hai - 'saMskArodbodhasaMbhavA tadityAkArA smRtiH / ' arthAt saMskAra ke udbodha se utpanna tatzabda se yukta AkAra vAlA jJAna smRti hai / isakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki pUrva meM kucha jJAta viSaya hamAre saMskAroM meM avasthita ho jAte haiN| jaba kabhI hamAre saMskAroM kA udbodhana hotA hai taba ve vahAM avasthita viSaya hamAre jJAna kA viSaya bana jAte haiM arthAt yAda A jAte haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki smRti se koI nayA viSaya nahIM jAnA jAtA, apitu jJAta viSayoM kA hI smaraNa hotA hai| yaha jJAna smaraNAtmaka hI hai, anubhavAtmaka nahIM hai| isalie prastutakArikA meM jo likhA gayA hai ki 'prAktanAnubhavApekSaM smaraNam'- arthAt smRtipUrva-anubhavasApekSa hai, vaha ucita hI hai| smRti pUrva meM hone vAle anubhava se hI hotI hai, ataH yahAM pUrva anubhava kI apekSA hotI hai| isI tathya kA vAdidevasUri ne bhI ullekha kiyA hai- 'saMskAraprabodhasambhUtamanubhUtArthaviSayaM tadityAkAraM vedanaM smaraNamiti / ' arthAt saMskAra - jAgaraNa se utpanna anubhUta artha ko batAne vAlA tathA tatzabda se yukta AkAra vAlA jJAna smRti For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 47 kahA jAtA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne bhI smRti ke viSaya meM isI prakAra kahA hai'vAsanobodhahetukA tadityAkArA smRtiH|' vAsanA kA artha hai-saMskAra, usakA jAgaraNa honA hI jisakA hetu hai vahI smRti hai| isake samAnArthaka hI smRti kA lakSaNa nyAyadarzana meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| vahAM kahA hai-'saMskAramAtrajanyaM jJAnaM smRtiH|' arthAt saMskAramAtra se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna smRti hai| isa lakSaNa meM yadi 'mAtra' isa pada kA prayoga na ho to 'saMskArajanya jJAna' yahI smRti kA lakSaNa ho jAegA aura vaha lakSaNa pratyabhijJA meM bhI calA jAegA, vaha ativyApti doSa hogA, kyoMki pratyabhijJA bhI saMskArajanya hotI hai| ataH isa lakSaNa meM mAtra' pada ko rakhanA Avazyaka hI hai| isa prakAra ke vividha lakSaNoM se yahAM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki smRti saMskAra se utpanna hotI hai| * pratyabhijJA-smRti ke pazcAt aba 'pratyabhijJA' pUrvakAraNa sApekSa kaise hotI hai, isa para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| ikkIsavIM kArikA meM likhA hai ki 'tadidaM punaH apekSate pratyabhijJA' arthAt pratyabhijJA 'tat' aura 'idam' kI apekSA rakhatI hai| isakA yaha tAtparya hai ki pratyabhijJA meM 'tat' zabda aura 'idam' zabda donoM kI apekSA hotI hai, isalie pratyabhijJA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'tattA idantAvagAhinI buddhiH prtybhijnyaa|' yahAM 'tattA' pada se 'tat' zabda kA aura 'idantA' pada se 'idam' zabda kA grahaNa hotA hai| jisa jJAna meM ina donoM zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hai vahI jJAna pratyabhijJA hai| udAharaNa ke lie jaise-'so'yam devadattaH'-yaha vahI devadatta hai, athavA 'tadevedaM nagarama'-yaha vahI nagara hai, ye donoM prayoga pratyabhijJA meM hote haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki devadatta nAma kA koI puruSa kabhI jayapura nagara meM dekhA gyaa| vahI yadi vartamAna meM jodhapura nagarI meM dikhAI detA hai to vahAM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yaha vahI devadatta hai| yahAM 'saH' 'tat' zabda se aura 'ayam' 'idam' zabda se niSpanna rUpa hai| yahAM 'saH' pada se pUrvadRSTa devadatta kA smaraNa hotA hai aura 'ayam' pada se usakA pratyakSa hotA hai| isalie 'yaha vahI devadatta hai' yaha 'tattA idantAvagAhi' jJAna hai| eka saH' pada se usakA smaraNa tathA 'ayam' isa pada se usakA pratyakSa hotA hai-yahI 'tattA idantAvagAhi' jJAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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48 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI pratyabhijJA kA samIcIna udAharaNa hai| yahAM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki pratyabhijJA kA lakSaNa tatpada aura idampada se yukta hotA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne bhI isa tathya ko isa prakAra pratipAdita kiyA hai'darzanasmaraNasaMbhavaM tadevedaM, tatsadRzaM, tadvilakSaNaM, tatpratiyogItyAdisaMkalanaM prtybhijnyaanm|' bhikSunyAyakarNikA meM bhI isI ke samAnArthaka hI pratyabhijJA kA lakSaNa upalabdha hotA hai-'anubhavasmRtisaMbhavaMtadevedaM, tatsadRzaM, tadvilakSaNaM, tatpratiyogItyAdisaMkalanaM prtybhijnyaa|' vahAM kahA gayA hai- 'anubhava aura smRti ke yoga se utpanna saMkalanAtmaka jJAna ko pratyabhijJA kahA jAtA hai|' 'yaha vahI hai', 'vaha usake samAna hai', 'yaha usase vilakSaNa hai', 'yaha usakA pratiyogI hai'-ye saba pratyabhijJA ke udAharaNa haiN| isakA tAtparya hai ki pratyabhijJA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna hai| AcArya hemacandra ne aura 'bhikSunyAyakarNikAkAra' AcArya tulasIgaNI ne bhI isa saMkalanAtmaka tathya kA Alambana lekara pratyabhijJA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai-darzana aura smaraNa donoM ke mela se hone vAlA jo saMkalanAtmaka jJAna 'tadevedam', 'tatsadRzam', 'tavilakSaNam', tatpratiyogI- ina rUpoM meM hotA hai vahI pratyabhijJA hai| yahAM sUtra meM jo 'darzana' athavA 'anubhava' pada kA prayoga huA hai usase jJAna kI pratyakSatA vyakta hotI hai aura 'smRti' pada se jJAna kI puurvkaaliktaa| pratyabhijJA ke udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM, jaise 'darzanasmaraNasaMbhavam athavA anubhavasmRtisaMbhavaM ca so'yaM bhikSuH''yaha vahI bhikSu hai|' yahAM 'ayam' pada se 'bhikSu' hone kA pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai aura 'saH' pada se pUrva meM dekhe hue bhikSu kI smRti hotI hai| isa rIti se yaha eka saMkalanAtmaka jJAna hai| * tatsadRzam tatpratiyogi vA-'gAya ke samAna gavaya hai'-yahAM gavaya pratyakSa hai aura sAdRzya ke pratiyogI ke rUpa meM gAya kA smaraNa hotA hai, yaha tatsadRza aura tatpratiyogI kA udAharaNa hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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49 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI * tadvilakSaNam-gAya se vilakSaNa mahiSa hai, aisA kahane para isa jJAna meM gAya pratiyogI hai aura vilakSaNatA kA anuyogI mahiSa hai| yahAM mahiSa kA honA pratyakSa jJAna hai tathA usameM hone vAlI vilakSaNatA kA jJAna pUrva nirdhArita smaraNAtmaka hotA hai| ataH pratyabhijJA saMkalanAtmaka jJAnarUpa hai, yaha kahanA sArthaka hI hai| aba vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki smRti aura pratyabhijJA meM kyA bheda hai? isa jijJAsA meM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki smRti meM viSaya nahIM hotA, kintu usakA kevala smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| pratyabhijJA meM to viSaya sAmane rahatA hai, phira usakA smaraNa hotA hai, isalie yaha jJAna pratyakSAtmaka aura smaraNAtmaka donoM hai| pratyabhijJA kA pUrva kAraNasApekSa kaise hotA hai? yaha jijJAsA hai| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki smRti aura pratyakSa-donoM ke milane se pratyabhijJA meM hone vAlA jo smaraNAtmaka jJAna hotA hai vaha pUrvadRSTa athavA anubhUta jJAna kA hotA hai| isa kAraNa se pratyabhijJA pUrva kAraNasApekSa hai, yaha jAnanA caahie| yahAM yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki jahAM na tatzabda' kA prayoga ho athavA na idaMzabda kA prayoga ho aura na hI anubhava-smaraNa kI pratIti ho vahAM 'go ke samAna gavaya' isa kathana meM saMkalanAtmaka pratyabhijJA kaise hogI? yahAM kahate haiM-kevala smaraNa aura pratyakSa ke eka sAtha milane para hI pratyabhijJA nahIM hotI, kintu jahAM aneka jJAna milakara eka bana jAte haiM vahAM bhI saMkalanAtmaka jJAna hotA hI hai| prastuta udAharaNa meM 'gavaya' pratyakSa hai tathA sAdRzya pratiyogI hone ke kAraNa gAya kI smRti hotI hI hai, isalie yahAM bhI pratyakSa aura smRti kA milana hI hai| jahAM bhI 'go se vilakSaNa mahiSa hai', aisA kahA jAtA hai vahAM yadyapi tatzabda' aura 'idaMzabda' kA prayoga nahIM hai, phira bhI do jJAna kA milana to yahAM para bhI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-yahAM mahiSa kI jo vilakSaNatA kahI gaI hai usakA pratiyogI gAya hai aura anuyogI mahiSa hai| yahAM anuyogI mahiSa pratyakSa hai aura pratiyogI gAya kA smaraNa ho rahA hai| . . isa rIti se anya udAharaNoM meM bhI pratyabhijJA jAnanI caahie| For Personal & Private Use Only

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50 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI * tarka - yaha tIsarA parokSajJAna hai| yaha jJAna bhI pUrvakAraNa sApekSa hai| isakA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki 'anvayavyatirekanirNayastarka' - arthAt anvaya aura vyatireka ke nirNaya ko tarka kahate haiM / unameM anvaya kyA hai aura vyatireka kyA hai, isa jijJAsA meM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki 'tatsattve tatsattvamanvayaH', 'tadabhAve tadabhAvo vytirekH'| arthAt anvaya meM pahale tat pada se vyApya kA tathA dvitIya tatpada se vyApaka kA grahaNa karanA cAhie arthAt vyApya ke rahane para vyApaka ko rahanA cAhie / dhUeM ke rahane para agni kA rahanA hI anvaya hai| vyApya dhUeM ke rahane para vyApaka agni rahatA hI hai / vyApaka ke abhAva meM vyApya kA abhAva hI 'vyatireka' hai| yahAM pahale 'tat' zabda se vyApaka kA tathA dvitIya 'tat' zabda se vyApya kA grahaNa karanA cAhie / vyApaka ke abhAva meM vyApya kA abhAva hotA hI hai / isakA sAra yaha hai ki anvaya meM sAdhana dhUAM vyApya hotA hai aura sAdhya agni vyApaka hotI hai| vyatireka meM to sAdhyAbhAva vyApya hotA hai aura sAdhanAbhAva vyApaka hotA hai / sAdhya ke abhAva meM arthAt agni ke abhAva meM sAdhana kA abhAva arthAt dhUeM kA abhAva hotA hI hai / tarka ke lakSaNa ko lekara jaba vicAra kiyA jAtA hai taba yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki tarka ke lie pUrvAnubhava, smaraNa tathA pratyabhijJA ina tInoM kI apekSA hotI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai- dhUeM meM agni kI vyApti kA grahaNa karane vAlA vyakti jaba parvata para dhUeM ko dekhatA hai taba usakA yaha anubhavAtmaka prathama jJAna hotA hai ki 'yaha parvata dhUeM vAlA hai'| isake bAda dhuAM agni kA vyApya hotA hai, aisI vyApti kA smaraNa use hotA hai| usake bAda 'yaha vahI dhuAM hai jo agni kI vyApti se yukta hai' aisI pratyabhijJA hotI hai| isa prakAra tarka pUrvAnubhava, smaraNa tathA pratyabhijJAsApekSa hotA hai, isase yaha siddha hotA hai| * anumAna - yaha cauthA parokSapramANa hai| 'anumA' kA artha 'anumAna' hai| isa pramANa se pakSa meM sAdhya kI anumiti hotI hai / sAdhya ke anumAna ke lie eka hetu kI apekSA hotI hai| vaha hetu sAdhya kA avinAbhAvI honA cAhie / avinAbhAvI hetu vahI hotA hai jisakA sAdhya ke sAtha anvayavyApti aura vyatirekavyApti - donoM vyAptiyAM hotI hoN| isa sandarbha meM dhuAM hI agni kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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51 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI vyApti se viziSTa hetu upalabdha hotA hai| jisa puruSa ne rasoIghara meM dhUeM meM agni kI vyApti kA grahaNa kiyA vahI puruSa kadAcit vana meM gyaa| vahAM usane parvata para avicchinnamUla dhUeM ko dekhaa| yaha parvata dhUeM vAlA hai, yaha prathama jJAna usako huaa| usake bAda vaha dhUeM meM gRhIta vyApti kA smaraNa karatA hai| yaha vahI dhuAM hai jo agni kI vyApti se viziSTa hai| usake bAda agni kI anumiti hotI hai| isa prakAra yaha pramANa bhI pUrvakAraNa sApekSa hai-jaise pahale parvata para dhueM kA darzana, usake pazcAt dhuAM agni kA vyApya hai, yaha vyAptismaraNa, usake bAda agni kA vyApya vahI dhuAM hai, yaha pratyabhijJA, usake bAda parvata agnimAn hai, yaha anumiti-yahI krama pUrva kAraNasApekSatva kA jAnanA caahie| Agama-aba Agama ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| 'AsamantAd gamyate bodhyate-jJAyate AtmatattvaM yenAsau Agama iti' jisase Atmatattva vidhipUrvaka jAnA jAe use Agama kahate haiM, yaha Agamazabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai| Agama parokSa pramANa kA dUsarA bheda hai| 'AptavacanAt jAtaM zrutajJAnamAgamaH'-Aptavacana se hone vAlA zrutajJAna Agama hai| yaha Agama kA dUsarA prasiddha artha hai| vacana se hone vAlA jJAna yadi Agama nahIM hai to Aptavacana meM Agamazabda kA prayoga kaise hogA? yadi aisA hai to yahAM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki Aptavacana meM jo Agamazabda kA prayoga huA hai vaha to aupacArika hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki Aptavacana se hone vAle zrutajJAna meM jo Agamatva hai vaha usake kAraNa Aptavacana meM Aropa karake Aptavacana ko bhI Agama kahA jAtA hai| arthAt Aptavacana kAraNa hai aura zrutajJAna usakA kArya hai| upacAra se kArya ke dharma kA kAraNa meM Aropa karake Aptavacana ko bhI Agama kahA gayA hai, yahI yahAM upacAra hai| Agama zrutajJAna hai| vaha zrutajJAna do prakAra kA hai-dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta / davyazruta varNapadavAkyAtmaka vacana hone ke kAraNa paudgalika hai| yaha dravyazruta arthajJAna rUpI bhAvazruta kA sAdhana hai| . For Personal & Private Use Only

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52 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI zrutajJAna jo zabdAtmaka hotA hai usakA eka hI bheda Agama hai| vaha Agama saptabhaMgI aura naya se yukta hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki saptabhaMgI aura nayaye donoM AgamapramANa se pRthak nahIM hai| AgamapramANa meM hI ina donoM kI bhI gaNanA karanI caahie| .. aba yaha vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki zabda se artha kA bodha kaise hotA hai? vaha zabda sahajasAmarthya aura samaya-ina donoM ke dvArA artha kA bodha karAtA hai| sahajasAmarthya kA artha hai-zabda ke artha kI pratipAdikA shkti| isakA nAma yogyatA hai| samaya kA artha hai-sNket| yahAM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki zabda meM arthabodhikA zakti rahatI hai| jisa zabda meM jisa artha ko batAne kI zakti rahatI hai usa zabda se usI artha kA hI bodha hotA hai| isalie sabhI zabdoM se sabhI arthoM kA bodha nahIM hotaa| jisa artha kI bodhikA zakti jisa zabda meM gRhIta hotI hai usa zabda ko sunane para jisa vyakti ko usa zakti kA jJAna hai vahI puruSa usa zabda kA arthabodha karatA hai, anya nhiiN| jisa vyakti ko zaktijJAna nahIM hai athavA jisakA zaktijJAna vismRta ho cukA hai use zabda se artha kA bodha nahIM hotaa| yaha arthabodhikA zakti zabda kI sahajA zakti hai| isa zakti se zabda artha ko usI prakAra batAtA hai jisa prakAra indriyAM apane-apane viSaya ko batAtI haiN| yogyatA kI bhAMti saMketa bhI artha ke bodha meM upayogI hotA hai| isa pada se isa artha ko samajhanA cAhie ki yahI saMketa kI paramparA hai (jaise-sahakArapada se AmravRkSa ko jAnanA caahie)| vAstava meM to saMketa hI zabdazakti kA jJAna karAkara artha kA bodha karAtA hai| vaha saMketa vyAkaraNa, upamAna, koza aura AptavAkya se jAnanA caahie| kArikAkAra ne parokSajJAna ke mati aura zruta-ye do bheda pratipAdita kie haiN| unameM smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka aura anumAna-ye cAra bheda matijJAna ke haiN| zrutajJAna kA eka hI bheda Agama hai| vijJajana Agama ko paudgalika, zabdAtmaka arthabodha kA hetu mAnate haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI (24) samprati jJAnasya svarUpaM prastautiaba jJAna ke svarUpa ko prastuta kara rahe haiM jJAnamAtmaguNastAvad guNinaM naativrtte| tadatikramaNe tasya syAt sattvaM khpusspvt|| 24 // jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai, isalie vaha guNI (AtmA) kA ativartana nahIM karatA-guNI ko chor3akara bAhyadeza meM nahIM rhtaa| yadi vaha AtmA kA atikramaNa kare-AtmA ke bAhya-deza meM rahe to vaha AdhArazUnya hokara AkAzapuSpa kI bhAMti asat ho jAtA hai| nyAyaprakAzikA ___ jJAnaM gunno'sti| idaM kasya guNa iti jijJAsAyAmAhajJAnamAtmaguNa iti| guNo guNini tisstthti| tatra tadavasthAnaM samavAyasambandhena bhvti| guNaguNinoH samavAyasambandhasya vishruttvaat| samavAyo hi nitysmbndhH| saMyogasambandhavat nAyamalpakAlikaH sambandhaH, kintu adhiSThAnasamasattAkaH smvaayH| AtmanoM guNo jJAnaM svAdhArabhUtamAtmAnaM kadApi nAtikramate-arthAt AtmAnam apahAya kSaNamapi bahiHsthAtuM na shknoti| tadatikramaNe-Atmano guNino'tikramaNe tasya jJAnasya sattvameva-astitvameva khapuSpavat-AkAzakusumavat-alIkaM mithyeti yAvat syaat| yathA arUpiNa AkAzasya kusumaM na bhavati tathaiva jJAnamapi yadi svAdhArabhUtamAtmAnaM parityajati cet tadA AdhArahInasya jJAnasya sthitiH kutra vaktuM zakyA bhavet? tatazca jJAnamalIkamasadeva syaat| atredaM svIkaraNIyaM yat jJAnaM svAdhiSThAnamAtmAnaM kSaNamapi na tyjti| tato viyukto na bhavatIti bhaavH| etAdRzasya jJAnasya kiM lakSaNam? kiM vA svarUpamiti viSaye na syAt kasyApi vimatiryat jJaptirjJAnamiti vyutpattyA jJAnaM prkaashaatmkm| svayaMprakAzamAnaM sat jJAnaM padArthAn prkaashyti| idameva asmAkaM For Personal & Private Use Only

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54 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI vyavahArasAdhanam jJAnaM vinA ko'pi vyavahAro bhavituM naarhti| uktaM ca tarkasaMgrahe'sarvavyavahAraheturguNo buddhirjnyaanm|' sarveSAM vyavahArANAM hetubhUto yo guNaH sa eva buddhirjJAnam vaa| idaJca jJAnaM svaprakAzaM bhvti| yadi na syAt svaprakAzaM jJAnaM tadA tasya jJAnasya prakAzanArthaM dvitIyaM jJAnamapekSyate, dvitIyasya prakAzanArthaM tRtIyasya jJAnasyAvazyakatA anubhUyate, tasyApi prakAzanArthaM caturthasya jJAnasyAvazyakatA aagmissyti| evaJcAtra anavasthApAtaH syaat| tasmAdaraGgIkaraNIyaM jJAnasya svataH praakaashym| jJAnaJcedaM dvividhaM nitymnitynyc| nityajJAnaM sarveSu manuSyeSu pazuSu pakSiSu ca svataH uplbhyte| sadyojAtasya bAlasya dugdhapAne pravRttiM dRSTvA pakSiNAJca svazAvakaparirakSaNasamIhayA prazikSaNaM vinaiva vilakSaNanIDanirmANakalAJca dRSTvA kaH khalu na svIkariSyati jJAnasya shaashvtiktvm| ata eva zrUyate 'satyaM jJAnamanantamiti' nityajJAnasya lkssnnm| ___ anityajJAnaJca indriyaviSayayo: sannikaNa jaayte| taduktam'indriyamanonibandhanaM mtiH'| yasmin jhAne indriyANAM manasazca apekSA bhavati tadeva mtijnyaanm| nyAyadarzane tu pratyakSapramANamevaM lakSitamasti-'indriyArthasannikarSajanyaM jJAnaM prmaannm'|' syAt parokSajJAnaM pratyakSajJAnaM vA yad jJAnaM janyate tdnitymev| asyAM sthitau nityamakhaNDabodhaM yacca kevljnyaanpdenaapyucyte| tadatiriktaM nikhilaM janyamAnaM jJAnamanityameveti bodhym| hrAsavikAsavismRtyAdayo vikArA atraiva bhvnti| jJAna guNa hai| yaha kisakA guNa hai, isa jijJAsA meM kahA gayA hai-jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai| guNa guNI (AtmA) meM rahatA hai| vahAM usakA avasthAna samavAya 1. pratyakSaparicchedaH, pR. 20 / 2. taittarIyopaniSad, pR. 305 / 3. bhikSunyAyakarNikA, tRtIyo vi., sU. 3 / 4. tarkasaMgrahaH, pratyakSaparicchedaH, pR. 33 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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55 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI sambandha se hotA hai| guNa aura guNI kA samavAyasambandha prasiddha hai| samavAya nitya sambandha hai| saMyoga sambandha kI bhAMti yaha alpakAlika sambandha nahIM hai, kintu yaha samavAya adhiSThAna (AdhAra) ke samAna sattAvAlA hai| AtmA kA guNa jJAna apane AdhArabhUta AtmA kA kabhI atikramaNa nahIM krtaa| arthAt AtmA ko chor3akara vaha kSaNabhara bhI bAhara nahIM raha sktaa| yadi jJAna guNI (AtmA) kA atikramaNa karatA hai to usa jJAna kA astitva AkAza kusuma kI bhAMti mithyA ho jaaegaa| jaise arUpI AkAza kA kusuma nahIM hotA usI prakAra jJAna bhI yadi apane AdhArabhUta AtmA kA parityAga karatA hai taba AdhArahIna jJAna kI sthiti kahAM kahI jA sakatI hai| usase jJAna mithyA asat ho jaaegaa| yahAM yaha svIkAra karanA cAhie ki jJAna apane adhiSThAna AtmA ko kSaNabhara bhI nahIM chodd'taa| isalie jJAna AtmA se viyukta nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra ke jJAna kA lakSaNa kyA hai? athavA usakA svarUpa kyA hai, isa viSaya meM kisI kA virodha nahIM hai ki jAnanA jJAna hai| isa vyutpatti se jJAna prakAzAtmaka hai| jJAna svayaM prakAzita hotA huA padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai| yahI (jJAna hI) hamAre vyavahAra kA sAdhana hai| jJAna ke binA koI bhI vyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| tarkasaMgraha meM kahA gayA hai-'sarva-vyavahAraheturguNo buddhirjJAnam'-sAre vyavahAroM kA hetubhUta jo guNa hai vahI buddhi yA jJAna hai| yaha jJAna svaprakAza hai| yadi jJAna svaprakAza na ho to usa jJAna ko prakAzita karane ke lie dvitIya jJAna kI apekSA hogI aura dvitIya ko prakAzita karane ke lie tRtIya jJAna kI AvazyakatA hogI aura usake prakAza ke lie caturtha jJAna kI AvazyakatA hogii| isa prakAra yahAM anavasthA doSa A jaaeNgaa| isalie jJAna kI svataH prakAzI hai, ise svIkAra karanA caahie| ___ yaha jJAna do prakAra kA hai-nitya aura anity| nityajJAna sabhI manuSyoM meM, pazuoM meM aura pakSiyoM meM svataH prApta hotA hai| tatkAla utpanna bAlaka kI dugdhapAna meM pravRtti ko dekhakara tathA pakSiyoM ke apane baccoM kI surakSA kI kAmanA se prazikSaNa ke binA hI vilakSaNa ghosalA banAne kI kalA ko dekhakara kauna vyakti jJAna kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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56 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI vyApakatA ko svIkAra nahIM karegA? isalie sunA jAtA hai-'satyaM jJAnamanantam'jJAna satya hai, ananta hai| yaha nityajJAna kA lakSaNa hai| anitya jJAna indriya aura viSaya ke sannikarSa se hotA hai| kahA gayA hai'indriyamanonibandhanaM matiH'-jisa jJAna meM indriyoM aura mana kI apekSA hotI hai vahI matijJAna kahalAtA hai| nyAyadarzana meM to pratyakSapramANa isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai-'indriyArthasannikarSajanyaM jJAnaM pratyakSam'-indriya aura artha ke sambandha se hone vAlA jJAna pratyakSajJAna kahA jAtA hai| cAhe vaha parokSajJAna ho athavA.pratyakSajJAna ho, jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha anitya hai| isa sthiti meM jo nitya aura akhaNDa jJAna hai use kevalajJAna kahA jAtA hai| usake atirikta samasta utpanna jJAna anitya jAnanA caahie| hrAsa, vikAsa aura vismRti Adi vikAra isI jJAna meM hI hote haiN| (25) jJAnadvArA jJeyasya grahaNaM kena prakAreNeti pratipAdayatijJAna ke dvArA jJeya kA grahaNa kisa prakAra se hotA hai, aisA pratipAdana kiyA jA rahA hai kintu svAtmasthitaM caiva zaktyA taavdcintyyaa| jJeyaM gRhNAti dUrasthamapi jJAnaM sunishcitm||25|| jJAna Atmasthita hokara hI apanI acintya zakti ke dvArA dUravartI jJeya padArtha ko bhI nizcita rUpa se grahaNa kara letA hai| nyAyaprakAzikA jJAnamAtmaguNa iti puurvkaarikaayaamuktm| tacca jJAnamamUrtamapi acintyshktisNpnnmsti| jJAne yA acintyA zaktirasti sA agnAvuSNateva dAhikeva vA sahajA shktiH| jale tu agnisamparkeNa yA zaktirutpadyate sA kRtrimA utpaadyaa| idamatra phalitaM bhavati yat zaktirdvidhA-sahajA utpAdyA c| utpAdyAzakternAmAntaramasti AhAryA iti| sahajA zaktiH sArvakAlikI bhavati, 1. tarkasaMgrahaH, pratyakSaparicchedaH, pR. 10 / 2. jJAnaviSayakaM jJAnam anuvyvsaayH| For Personal & Private Use Only

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57 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI kintu AhAryA tu alpkaalikii|agnau dAhikA zaktiH sArvakAlikI, kintu jale AhAryA dAhikA zaktistu alpakAlikI ev|shjaa zaktiH svarUpasatI kAryakarvI natujJAtRsatI kaarykrtii|agnerdaahikaaNshktiN jAnIyAtna vA jAnIyAt sA tu jvlytyev| jJAne yA arthaprakAzikA zaktiH sA tu svarUpasatI arthaprakAzikA vrtte|jnyptirjnyaanmiti bhAvavyutpattyA jJAnaM prkaashaatmkmev|tcc svavilakSaNAcintyazaktyA yathA samIpasthaM padArtha prakAzayati tathaiva dUrataramapi padArtha prkaashytyev| idamatra bodhyaM yat yathA jainanyAye jJAnamAtmaguNastathaiva nyAyadarzane'pi jJAnamAtmano guNa iti sviikRtmsti| yathA-'jJAnAdhikaraNamAtmA'' ityuktyA Atmano jJAnAdhikaraNatvaM vyaktaM bhavati, etAvat sAmye'pi ubhayoH dRzyate kazcana bhedo'pi| yathA kasyacid vastuno jJAnArthaM sarvaprathamam AtmamanasoH saMyogaH, manasazca indriyeNa saMyogaH indriyasyArthena saha saMyogastato ghaTo'yamityAdirUpeNa jJAnaM bhvti|jnyaannycedN vyvsaaypdenocyte|asy vyavasAyasya grahaNaM jJAto mayA ghaTaH ityanuvyavasAyena bhvti|aymtr pratyakSasya pramANasya krmH| jainanyAyetu indriyamanonimittakaM jJAnamidaM parokSapramANarUpeNa sviikRtmsti| asmin viSaye kSaNikavAdibauddhAH itthaM vadanti yat jJAnaM viSayAt janyate / asyAyaM bhAvaH-viSayAt jAtaM jJAnaM viSayAkAratAmupaiti / viSayAkAramupetameva jJAnaM viSayaM prkaashyti| yajjJAnaM viSayAkAratAM nopaiti tad vastuprakAzakamapi na bhvti| etanmataM kArikAkAreNa niraakRtm| etanmatAnusAraM jJAnaM arthe na pravizati na vA artho'pi jJAne prvishti|jnyaanmrthaakaarN na bhvti| jJAnaM arthAt notpdyte| jJAnaM vasturUpamapi naasti| tAtparyamidaM yat jJAnArthayoH na puurnno'bhedH| pramAtA jJAnasvabhAvo bhvti| ataH sa viSayI bhvti| arthazca 1. arthena jJAnaM jnyte| tacca jJAnaM tameva svotpAdakamarthaM gRhnnaatiiti| -syAdvAdamaJjarI, zloka. 16, pR. 152 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI jJeyasvabhAvo bhavati / ata eva sa viSayo'sti / dvAvapi etau svatantrau tathApi jJAne arthamavaboddhuM tathA arthe ca jJAnadvArA bodhyasya kSamatA'sti / anayA rItyA anayoH kathaJcidabhedopyasti / vastutastu jJAnArthayoH viSayaviSayibhAvasambandho'sti / 58 'jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai' yaha pUrvakArikA meM kahA jA cukA hai| vaha jJAna amUrta hone para bhI acintyazaktisaMpanna hai| jJAna meM jo acintya zakti hai vaha agni meM uSNatA kI bhAMti athavA dAhikA zakti kI bhAMti 'sahajA' zakti hai / jala meM to agnisaMparka se jo zakti utpanna hotI hai vaha kRtrima utpAdyA zakti hai| yahAM yaha phalita hotA hai ki zakti do prakAra kI hai - sahajA aura utpaadyaa| 'utpAdyA' zakti kA dUsarA nAma hai AhAryA / 'sahajA' zakti sArvakAlikI hotI hai, kintu AhAryA zakti to alpakAlikI hai| agni meM jo dAhikA zakti hai vaha sArvakAlikI hai / kintu jala meM dAhikA AhAryA zakti alpakAlikI hI hotI hai| sahajA zakti svarUpasatI arthAt agni kA apane rUpa meM rahanA, hone mAtra se kArya karatI hai, jAtI hai, na ki jJAtrI satI arthAt jAnane para hI kArya karatI hai, jalAtI hai, aisI bAta nahIM hai / koI agni kI dAhikA zakti ko jAne yA na jAne phira bhI vaha to jalAtI hI hai / jJAna meM jo arthaprakAzikA zakti hai vaha svarUpataH artha kA prakAzana karatI hai / 'jAnanA jJAna hai' isa bhAvavyutpatti se jJAna prakAzAtmaka hI hai| vaha jJAna apane vilakSaNa acintya zakti se jaise samIpastha padArtha ko prakAzita karatA hai vaise hI dUratara padArtha ko bhI prakAzita karatA hI hai / yahAM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki jaise jainanyAya meM jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai vaise hI nyAyadarzana meM bhI jJAna AtmA kA guNa svIkRta hai| 'jJAnAdhikaraNamAtmA' - jJAna kA AdhAra hai AtmA, isa ukti se jaise AtmA ke jJAna kA AdhAra vyakta hotA hai vaise hI nyAyadarzana meM bhI AtmA jJAna kA AdhAra hai| itanI samAnatA hone para bhI donoM meM kucha bheda dekhA jAtA hai| jaise kisI vastu ke jJAna ke lie sarvaprathama AtmA aura mana kA saMyoga, phira mana kA indriya ke sAtha saMyoga, punaH indriya kA artha ke sAtha saMyoga hone para 'yaha ghaTa hai' isa rUpa meM jJAna hotA hai| yaha jJAna vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna kahA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI jAtA hai| isa vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna kA grahaNa 'maiMne ghaTa ko jAna liyA' isa anuvyavasAya se hotA hai| yaha pratyakSapramANa kA krama hai| jainanyAya meM to indriya aura mana se hone vAlA yaha jJAna parokSapramANa ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai| isa viSaya meM kSaNikavAdI bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki jJAna viSaya se paidA hotA hai| isakA bhAva yaha hai ki viSaya se utpanna jJAna viSayAkAra ho jAtA hai aura viSayAkAra huA jJAna hI viSaya ko prakAzita karatA hai| jo jJAna viSayAkAra nahIM hotA vaha vastu kA prakAza bhI nahIM krtaa|' kArikAkAra ne isa mata kA nirAkaraNa ki yA hai| unake anusAra jJAna artha meM praveza nahIM karatA aura artha bhI jJAna meM praviSTa nahIM hotaa| jJAna arthAkAra bhI nahIM hotA aura jJAna artha se utpanna bhI nahIM hotaa| jJAna vasturUpa bhI nahIM hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jJAna aura artha ina donoM kA pUrNa abheda nahIM hai| pramAtA jJAnasvarUpa hai, isalie vaha viSayI hai| artha jJeyasvabhAva hai, isalie vaha viSaya hai| ye donoM svatantra haiM, phira bhI jJAna meM arthabodha karane kI tathA artha meM jJAna dvArA jJAta hone kI kSamatA hai| isa rIti se ina donoM meM kathaMcit abheda bhI hai| vAstava meM to jJAna aura artha kA viSaya-viSayIbhAva sambandha hai| . . (26) samprati lohopaladRSTAntena jJAnasyArthaprakAzakatvaM darzayatiaba cumbaka ke dRSTAnta ke dvArA jJAna ke arthaprakAzakatva ko batA rahe haiM __ AkarSati yathA lohaM shktilohoplsy hi| tathA jJAnasya zaktizca vAryate kena dhImatA // 26 // jaise cumbaka kI zakti dUrastha lohe ko apanI ora khIMca letI hai, vaise hI jJAna kI zakti jJeya ko dUra se hI grahaNa kara letI hai| kauna buddhimAn vyakti isakA nirasana kara sakatA hai? nyAyaprakAzikA lohopalaM (cumbaka iti loke prasiddham ) svasmin vartamAnayA zaktyA dUrasthamapi loham AkarSati-svasamIpam Anayati tathaiva jJAnamapi svaniSThayA For Personal & Private Use Only

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60 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI zaktyA dUrasthamapi jJeyam( padArtham) AkarSati bodhayatIti bhaavH|lohopldvaaraa lohasya AkarSaNaM bhvti| jJAnadvArA tu vastuno jJAnaM bhvti| atra lohopalam upamAnaM jJAnaJca upmeym| na cAtropamAnopameyayoH ubhayavRttiH kazcana sAdhAraNadharmaH smuplbhyte|ythaa-mukhN candraivaityatra AhvAdakatvaMsAdhAraNadharma ubhayavRttirasti na cAtra tthaa| atra tu lohotpale lohAkarSaNaM jJAne ca padArthAvabodharUpo dhrmH| asyAM viparIta sthitau kathamatropamAnopameyabhAva iti cetatra samAdhIyateyat lohopalaM lohasya AkarSaNaM kRtvA taM samIpamAnayati jJAnazaktizca jJeyasya grahaNaM kRtvA tatra budvivissytaamaapaadyti|anen prakAreNa lohasya jJeyapadArthasya ca buddheviSayIbhavanamevAtra sAmAnyo dhrmH| ata evAtra upamAnopameyabhAvaH ghaTata ev| - asmin jaDacetanAtmake jagati zakteH zaktimatazca prabhAvI nUnamaGgIkaraNIya ev| zaktimantarA kimapi kAryaM bhavituM naarhti| dRzyate tAvat sUryastapati, candraH zItati, vAyavo vAnti, meghA varSanti-etAdRzyo yAvatyaH kriyA jAyante tatra sarvAsu kriyAsu zakteH prabhAvo vartate ev| kasyApi kAryasya saMsiddhau mahatI AvazyakatA bhavati jnyaanshkteH| tatra cAyaM kramaHjAnAti, icchati, ytte| pUrvaM jJAnam, tataH icchA, tato ytnH| jJAnaM vinA icchA na bhvti| na zrUyate jJAnaM vinA kasyApi vastunaH icchA, icchAM vinA ca ytno'pi| anayA rItyA zakyate vaktuM yat kAryasaMsiddhau zaktireva pramukhA garIyasI c| cumbaka apane meM vidyamAna zakti ke dvArA dUrastha loha ko khIMca letA hai, apane samIpa le AtA hai vaise hI jJAna bhI svayaM meM sthita zakti ke dvArA dUrastha jJeya (padArtha) ko bhI khIMca letA hai, jAna letA hai| cumbaka ke dvArA loha kA AkarSaNa hotA hai| jJAna ke dvArA vastu kA jJAna hotA hai| yahAM cumbaka upamAna hai aura jJAna upmey| yahAM para upamAna aura upameya donoM meM rahane vAlA koI eka sAdhAraNa dharma upalabdha nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra 'candramA ke samAna mukha'-isa prayoga meM ubhayavRtti sAdhAraNa dharma AhlAdakatva upalabdha hotA hai vaise hI yahAM koI dharma nahIM hai| yahAM to cumbaka meM lohAkarSaNa aura jJAna meM padArtha kA avabodha rUpa dharma hai| isa viparIta For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 61 sthiti meM yahAM upamAna- upameya bhAva kaise ho sakatA hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki cumbaka lohe kA AkarSaNa karake usako samIpa lAtA hai aura jJAnazakti jJeya kA grahaNa karake use buddhi kA viSaya banAtI hai / isa prakAra se lohe kA aura jJeyapadArtha kA buddhi kA viSaya bananA hI yahAM sAmAnya dharma hai| ataH yahAM upamAna aura upameya bhAva ghaTita hI haiM / 1 isa jar3a-cetanAtmaka jagat meM zakti aura zaktimAn kA prabhAva nizcita hI svIkaraNIya hai / zakti ke binA koI bhI kArya nahIM ho sktaa| dekhA jAtA hai ki sUrya tapatA hai, candramA zItalatA pradAna karatA hai, havAeM calatI haiM, aura megha barasate haiM- aisI jitanI kriyAeM hotI haiM una sabhI kriyAoM meM zakti kA prabhAva rahatA hI hai| kisI bhI kArya kI saMsiddhi meM jJAnazakti kI mahatI AvazyakatA hotI hai| usakA yaha krama hai - jAnanA, icchA karanA aura prayatna krnaa| pahale jJAna, usake bAda icchA tathA usake bAda prayatna hotA hai| jJAna ke binA icchA nahIM hotI / yaha sunA nahIM jAtA ki jJAna ke binA kisI vastu kI icchA hotI hai aura icchA ke binA koI prayatna hotA hai| isa rIti se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kArya kI saMsiddhi meM zakti hI pramukha hai, gurutara hai| ( 27, 28 ) idAnIM sato lakSaNaM prastutya udAharaNadvayena vastunastrayAtmakatvaM sAdhayatiaba sat kA lakSaNa prastuta kara do udAharaNoM se vastu kI trayAtmakatA ko siddha kara rahe haiM utpAdavyayadhrauvyatvaM sat tacca bhAvalakSaNam / yathA tripathagAmitvaM dhunyA vyaktamIkSyate // 27 // utpAdazca vinAzazca budbudasyAvalokyate / sthitinaratayA ceti siddhayed vastu trayAtmakam // 28 // // yugmam // / padArtha kA lakSaNa hai sat / vaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hotA hai / jaise gaMgA tripathagAminI hai, yaha spaSTa dekhA jAtA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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62 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI bulabule ke rUpa meM jala kA utpAda aura vinAza pratyakSa dekhA jA rahA hai| vaha bulabulA utpAda ke samaya bhI jala hai, vinAza ke samaya bhI jala hai aura jala rUpa meM sthita bhI hai| isase vastu trayAtmaka (utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka) siddha hotI hai| nyAyaprakAzikA padArthasya lakSaNamasti st| astIti sat' iti vyutpattyA astitvavAn padArtha eva st| vizvasmin jagati yAvanto'stitvavantaH padArthAste sarve satpadavAcyAH snti| anayA rItyA sat, padArthaH, vastu ime zabdAH samAnArthakAH snti| asmin satpadArthe jAgatikasamastajaDacetanapadArthAnAM samAvezo bhvti| ataH saditi mahattvapUrNa tttvm| ato'sya kiM lakSaNamiti vicaarnniiymsti| nedaM citraM yadatra viSaye vivadante daarshnikaaH| tatra kecana vadanti 'yat sat tat kssnnikm'| kSaNikameva st| arthakriyAkAritvameva st| tacca nityapadArthe na bhvitumrhti| ekAntanityena AkAzAdinA kasyA'pi arthakriyAyA adrshnaat| tasmAnna nityaM vastu sat, kintu kSaNikameva st| ____ apare vadanti yat-kSaNikapadArtho yaH kSaNamapi sthAtuM na zaknoti sa khalu arthakriyAM kathaM kariSyati? tasmAt sat na kSaNikamanityam, kintu nityaM tattvameva saditi vadanti pre| nApi nityameva tt| ekAntanityasyApi arthakriyAkAritvamasidvameva aakaashvt| asmin viSaye jainadarzanaM padArthaM parivartanazIlaM tathA nityaM (sthAyinaM) mnute| gaNadhareNa bhagavAn pRSTaH kiM sat? tadA bhagavatA tIrthaMkareNa mahAvIreNa evamuttaritam 'uppanei vA vigamei vA dhuvei vaa'| umAsvAtinAcAryeNApi etadeva pratipAditam-'utpAdavyayadhauvyayuktaM st'| asyodAharaNamidamasti'ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam -yadA maulirnirmIyate tadA ghaTasya 1. 'yat sat tat kSaNikaM, yathA jldhrH'| sarvadarzanasaMgrahaH pR. 26 / 2. vizeSAvazyaka gAthA 547 / malayagirikRta AvazyakasUtravRttiH, pR. 48 / 3. tattvArthasUtram, 5/29 / / 4. AptamImAMsA, zlo. 59 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 63 rUpaM maulirUpe privrtitm| ghaTarUpaM ca vinssttm| anayordvayoravasthayoH suvarNa tu tathaiva sthiraM tisstthti| idameva vastusvarUpaM sato lkssnnm| etenedamapi spaSTaM bhavati yad jainadarzanaM pratyekaM vastuni aMzadvayaM svIkaroti-ekastu paryAyAMzo dvitIyo drvyaaNshH| tatrotpAdavinAzau tu paryAyAMze eva bhavato dravyAMzastu tatra dhauvyarUpeNa tisstthti| ata eva dravyaparyAyAtmakaM vastu iti vastuno lakSaNe dravyaparyAyayorastitvaM sviikRtmsti| tatra paryAyAMze utpattivyayayoH sattA tisstthti| dravyAMzastu dhauvya ev| anena prakAreNa utpAdavyayadhauvyaM saditi sato lakSaNaM yuktmev| __ anena jJAyate yat ekasminneva samaye utpAdavyayadhauvyANi etAni trINi tathyAni sahaiva tiSTheyustadeva satsvarUpaM iti nishcitm| idameva tathyamuktaJca AcAryahemacandreNApidRr3hIkRtam pratikSaNotpAdavinAzayogi, sthiraikmdhykssmpiikssmaannH'| vastuni utpAdavyayAbhyAM vastunaH parivartanazIlatA tathA dhauvyatvena ca tasya nityatA vyaktA bhvti| na ca parasparaM virodhinAmeSAM trayANAM dharmANAmekatrAvasthAnamasaMbhavamiti vAcyam? yadi eSAM parasparavirodhinAmekatra samAvezo na syAt tadA sato lakSaNameva naiva siddhyet| ataH anubhavapathArUDhasyaM sato lakSaNasyopapattaye eSAM trayANAmekatrAvasthAnaM sviikrnniiymev| yathA-dugdhAd dadhi nirmIyate tadA tatra dugdhasya zanaiH zanaiH vyayo dadhnazcotpAdo bhvti| atrobhayorgorasastu tisstthtyev| evaM prakAreNa atra sato lakSaNaM pratipAdya samprati udAharaNadvayena vastunastrayAtmakatvaM saadhyti| prathamodAharaNaM dhuMdhunI svagaMgA dattA vrtte| sA ca nirantaraM prvhti| tasmin pravAhe pratikSaNaM parivartanaM jaayte| tatra jalaM satataM gtimdsti| yAvajjalamagne gacchati tAvajjalaM pazcAdAgatena jalena puuryte| anayA rItyA ekasminneva pravAhe utpAdavyayau sahaiva dRshyete| gaMgA tu dhauvyarUpeNa tatra sthitaiv| anena udAharaNena utpAdavyayau dhruvatvaM ceti tisraH sthitayaH yathA gaMgAyAM bhavanti tathaiva pratyekaM vastUni jAyante imAH sthityH| atra gaMgA 1. syAdvAdamaMjarI, zlo. 21 / . . For Personal & Private Use Only

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___ jainanyAyapaJcAzatI upamAnIbhUtA pdaarthshcopmeyH| tripathagAmitvaM caM sAdhAraNo dhrmH| yathAzabdazca upmaavaackH| aparamudAharaNaM bubudsyaasti| bubudo jlsyaakaarvishessH| varSau bAhulyena avalokyante bubudaaH| jalAghAtena vAyvAdyAghAtena vA taDAgAdiSvapi sthAneSu dRzyante bubudaaH| yadA jale budbudA utpadyante tadA utpattikAle jlm| yadA jale bubudA vipadyante tadA vyayakAle'pi jlm| evaM utpAdavyayayorubhayoravasthayoH jalaM vrtte| anena prakAreNa avasthAtraye'pi jalaM tisstthtyev| AbhyAmudAharaNAbhyAM vastunastrayAtmakatvaM spaSTameva siddhyti| ... padArtha kA lakSaNa sat hai| 'astIti sat'-isa vyuptatti ke AdhAra para astitvavAn padArtha sat hai| isa sAre jagat meM jitane astitvavAn padArtha haiM ve sabhI satpada ke vAcya haiN| isa rIti se sat, padArtha aura vastuye tInoM zabda samAnArthaka haiN| isa sat padArtha meM jagat ke samasta jar3a-cetana padArthoM kA samAveza hotA hai| isalie sat eka mahattvapUrNa tattva hai| isakA kyA lakSaNa hai, yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai| yaha Azcarya nahIM hai ki isa viSaya meM dArzanikoM kA matabheda hai| kucha dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki 'yat sat tat kSaNikam' arthAt jo sat hai vaha kSaNika hai| kSaNika hI sat hai| arthakriyAkAritva hI sat hai| yaha sat nitya padArtha meM nahIM hotaa| ekAnta nitya AkAza Adi ke dvArA koI arthakriyA nahIM dekhI jAtI, isalie nitya padArtha sat nahIM hai, kSaNika hI sat hai| dUsare dArzanika kahate haiM ki jo kSaNika padArtha haiN| jo kSaNabhara bhI sthira nahIM rahatA vaha arthakriyA kaise kara sakatA hai? isalie sat tattva kSaNika aura anitya nahIM hai| kintu nitya tattva hI sat haiM, aisA dUsare kahate haiN| kucha loga kahate haiM ki nitya tattva bhI sat nahIM hai| ekAnta nitya meM bhI arthakriyAkAritva asiddha hI hai, jaise aakaash| isa viSaya meM jainadarzana padArtha ko parivartanazIla aura nitya mAnatA hai| gaNadhara ne bhagavAn se pUchA-'tattva kyA hai? taba bhagavAn tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne uttara diyA jo utpanna hotA hai, naSTa hotA hai aura dhruva rahatA hai, vaha tattva hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne bhI isI tathya kA pratipAdana kiyA-'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat'arthAt jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hotA hai vaha sat hai| isakA udAharaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 65 yaha hai-'ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI naashotpaadsthitissvym'| jaise sone se jaba mukuTa banAyA jAtA hai taba sonA kA rUpa mukuTa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai aura sone kA rUpa vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| ina donoM avasthAoM meM sonA usI rUpa meM avasthita rahatA hai| yahI vastusvarUpa sat kA lakSaNa hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki jainadarzana pratyeka vastu meM do aMzoM ko svIkAra karatA hai-eka hai paryAyAMza aura dUsarA hai drvyaaNsh| vahAM utpAda aura vyaya to paryAyAMza meM hI hote haiM aura dravyAMza vahAM dhrauvyarUpa meM rahatA hai| isalie vastu dravyaparyAyAtmaka hotI hai, isa prakAra vastu ke lakSaNa meM dravya aura paryAya kA astitva svIkRta hai| vahAM paryAyAMza meM utpatti aura vyaya kI sattA rahatI hai aura dravyAMza dhrauvya hai| isa prakAra utpAda vyaya se yukta jo dhrauvya hai vahI sat kA lakSaNa hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki eka hI samaya meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya-ye tInoM tathya eka sAtha meM raheM taba sat kA svarUpa nizcita hotA hai| isI tathya kA AcArya hemacandra ne bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai 'pratikSaNotpAdavinAzayogisthiraika-madhyakSamapIkSamANaH' arthAt vastu meM utpAda aura vyaya pratikSaNa ho rahe haiM, phira bhI vastu svarUpataH sthira hai| isalie vaha trayAtmaka hai| vastu meM utpAda aura vyaya se vastu kI parivartanazIlatA tathA dhruvatA se usakI nityatA vyakta hotI hai| yahAM yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai ki ye paraspara virodhI dharma (utpAda, vyaya, dhruva) eka sAtha kaise raha sakate haiM? kyoMki yadi ina virodhI dharmoM kA eka sAtha samAveza na ho to sat kA lakSaNa hI siddha nahIM ho skegaa| isalie anubhUta jo sat kA lakSaNa hai usakI upapatti ke lie ina tInoM (utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya) kA eka sAtha rahanA svIkArya hI hai| jaise dUdha se dahI banAyA jA rahA hai| taba usameM dUdha kA dhIre-dhIre vyaya hotA hai aura dahI kA utpAda hotA hai| yahAM donoM avasthAoM (dUdha aura dahI) meM gorasa to rahatA hI hai| isa prakAra yahAM sat kA lakSaNa batAkara aba do udAharaNoM se vastu kI trayAtmakatA ko siddha kara rahe haiN| prathama udAharaNa svargagaMgA kA diyA gayA hai| gaMgA nirantara bahatI hai| usa pravAha meM pratikSaNa parivartana hotA hai ! usameM jala nirantara hA hA For Personal & Private Use Only

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66 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI gatimAn hai| jitanA jala Age jAtA hai utanA jala pIche se Ae hue jala ke dvArA pUrNa kara diyA jAtA hai| isa paddhati se eka hI pravAha meM utpAda aura vyaya sAtha hI dekhe jAte haiN| gaMgA to vahAM dhrauvyarUpa se sthita hI hai| isa udAharaNa se utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya-ye tInoM sthitiyAM jaise gaMgA meM hotI haiM usI prakAra pratyeka vastu meM ye sthitiyAM hotI haiN| yahAM gaMgA upamAna hai aura padArtha (sat) upameya hai| tripathagAmitA' sAdhAraNa dharma hai aura 'yathAzabda' upamA kA vAcaka hai / yahAM dUsarA udAharaNa bulabule kA hai| bulabulA jala kA AkAravizeSa hai| varSA Rtu meM bulabule bahulatA se dekhe jAte haiN| jala ke AghAta se athavA vAyu Adi ke AghAta se tAlAba Adi sthAnoM meM bhI bulabule dekhe jAte haiN| jaba jala meM bulabule utpanna hote hai taba vahAM utpattikAla meM jala hotA hai jaba jala meM bulabule vinaSTa ho jAte haiM taba vyayakAla meM bhI jala hotA hai| isa prAkara utpAda aura vyaya-ina donoM avasthAoM meM jala vidyamAna rahatA hai| isa prakAra tInoM avasthAoM meM jala rahatA hI hai / ina donoM udAharaNoM se vastu kI trayAtmakatA spaSTa rUpa se siddha hotI hai| __ (29, 30) sAmprataM mRdastrirUpatvena bhAvAnAM trayAtmakatAM sAdhayati aba miTTI kI trirUpatA se padArthoM kI trayAtmakatA ko siddha kara rahe haiM utpAdo ghaTabhAvena nAzo mRtpinnddruuptH| dhruvat pArthivattvena caivaM mRdstriruuptaa||29|| bhAvA apyanayA yuktyA svsvruupvyvsthitaaH| utpadyante vipadyante, kintu nojjhanti tadakvacit // 30 // ||yugmm|| miTTI kA ghaTa ke rUpa meM utpAda aura mRtpiNDa ke rUpa meM vinAza hotA hai| pArthivarUpa meM vaha dhruva hai| isa prakAra miTTI kI trirUpatA siddha hotI hai| ___ isI ghaTa kI yukti se saba padArtha apane-apane svarUpa meM vyavasthita haiM, dhruva haiN| ve utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiM, kintu apane mUla svarUpa ko kabhI bhI nahIM chodd'te| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jaina nyAyapaJcAzatI nyAyaprakAzikA utpAdavyayadhuvatvaM vastuno lakSaNam / etattrayaM yatra na syAt tatra vastutvaM naiva tiSThati / etadeva tathyaM mRttikAdRSTAntena prastUyate / mRtpiNDataH kaJcana bhAgaM gRhItvA ghaTaH kriyate / avam utpAda eva vastuna ekaM rUpam / yAvanmAtreNa mRdbhAgena nirmito ghaTastAvanmAtrasya mRdbhAgasya nAzaH / ayaM nAza eva vyaya-padenApyucyate / anayorutpAdavyayayoH satorapi ubhayatra pArthivatvaM - mRttikAtvaM tiSThatyeva / evaM prakAreNa ghaTabhAvena utpAdaH, mRtpiNDarUpataH nAzaH, pArthivattvena dhruvatvamiti mRdastrirUpatA siddhyati / sAmprataM kArikAkAraH ghaTayuktyA sarveSAM padArthAnAM trirUpatvaM sAdhayati / jAgatikasamastapadArthA utpadyante vipadyante ca / teSu pratikSaNaM utpAdavinAzau bhavataH / etAvatA'pi te svakIyaM mUlasvarUpaM kadApi na tyajanti, arthAt svasvarUpe vyavasthitAH santi / atra vicAryate kathaM te vyavasthitAH ? iti cet idamavadhAraNIyaM yat jainadarzanAnusAraM pratyekaM vastuni aMzadvayaM bhavati - dravyAMzaH paryAyAMzazca / tatra utpAdo vinAzazca iti etaddvayaM paryAyAMze eva bhavati / dravyAMze tu mRtpiNDatA sadA svasvarUpe sthirA bhavati / evaM ca vastunaH paryAyA eva parivartante, kintu avasthAbhede'pi dravyAMzo na kadApi parivartate / ataH nojjhanti te tat kvacit iti kathanaM samIcInameva / 67 jainadarzanAbhimate yathA vastunaH svarUpaM trayAtmakamasti tathaiva mImAMsAdarzane'pi / tatra vardhamAnakasya dRSTAntena tatsvarUpaM sAdhitamasti / evaM pAtaJjalamahAbhASye'pi etadeva tathyaM pratipAditam / tatrApi vastunaH nityAnityatvaM svIkRtamasti / tatroktam AkRtiranyA anyA ca bhavati, dravyaM punastadeva / 1. uktaM ca vardhamAnaka bhaGge ca rUcakaH kriyate yadA / tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcApyuttaravartinaH // na nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / sthityA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM tasmAd vastutrayAtmakam // zlokavArttikam, vanavibhAgaH 21, 22 / 2. vyAkaraNamahAbhASyam, paspazAhnike, pR. 63 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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68 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI utpAda, vyaya aura dhruvatva-yaha vastu kA lakSaNa hai| jisa vastu meM ye tInoM lakSaNa na ho usa vastu kA vastutva hI nahIM raha sktaa| isI tathya ko miTTI ke dRSTAnta se prastuta kara rahe haiN| miTTI ke piNDa se kucha aMza grahaNa kara ghar3A banAyA jAtA hai| ghar3e ke rUpa meM yaha utpAda hI vastu kA eka rUpa hai| mRtpiNDa ke jitane aMza se ghaTa banA utane mRtpiNDa ke aMza kA vinAza huaa| yaha nAza hI vyaya kahA jAtA hai| isa utpAda aura vyaya ke rahane para bhI donoM sthitiyoM meM pArthivatva-mRttikAtva rahatA hI hai| isa prakAra isameM ghaTarUpa meM utpAda, mRtpiNDarUpa meM nAza tathA pArthivatva rUpa meM dhruvatva rahatA hai| isa prakAra isase miTTI kI trirUpatA siddha hotI hai| . aba kArikAkAra ghaTa kI yukti se sabhI padArthoM kA trirUpatva siddha kara rahe haiN| jagat ke sAre padArtha utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiN| unameM pratikSaNa utpAda aura vinAza hotA rahatA hai| itanA hone para bhI ve apane mUlasvarUpa ko kabhI bhI nahIM chor3ate, arthAt apane-apane svarUpa meM vyavasthita rahate haiN| yahAM yaha vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki ve apane svarUpa meM kaise vyavasthita rahate haiM? aisI zaMkA meM yaha jAnanA cAhie ki jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu meM do aMza hote haiM-dravyAMza aura paryAyAMza / inameM utpAda aura vinAza, ye donoM paryAyAMza meM hI hote haiN| dravyAMza meM to mRtpiNDatA sadA apane svarUpa meM sthira rahatI hai| isa prakAra vastu ke paryAyoM kA hI parivartana hotA hai, kintu avasthAbheda hone para bhI dravyAMza kA kabhI bhI parivartana nahIM hotaa| isalie kArikA meM jo kahA gayA hai 'nojjhanti te tat kvacit'-yaha kathana upayukta hI hai| jainadarzana ke abhimatAnusAra jaise vastu kA svarUpa trayAtmaka hai usI prakAra mImAMsA darzana meM vahI svarUpa mAnya hai| vahAM para vardhamAnaka dRSTAnta ke dvArA usa svarUpa ko siddha kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra pAtaJjala mahAbhASya meM bhI yahI tathya pratipAdita hai| vahAM bhI vastu kA nityAnityatva svIkRta hai| vahAM kahA gayA hai-'AkRti badalatI rahatI hai', kintu dravya to apane svarUpa meM hI rahatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI (31) ekasminnevastuni utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyANi kathaM tiSThantIti zaMkAM syAdvAdasaraNyA samAdadhat zlokayati 69 eka hI vastu meM utpAda - vyaya aura dhrauvya kaise Thaharate haiM, isa zaMkA ko syAdvAdapaddhati se samAdhAna karate hue zloka prastuta kara rahe haiM dhruvatvaM dravyasApekSamutpAdo vigamastathA / paryAyApekSamityatra, syAdavAdaH sughaTo bhavet // 31 // dhrauvya dravyasApekSa hai / utpAda aura vyaya paryAyasApekSa haiN| isa apekSAbheda ke AdhAra para syAdvAda ghaTita hotA hai| nyAyaprakAzikA jainadarzanAnusAraM vastuno lakSaNaM kRtamasti utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmakaM sat iti / yasmin vastuni utpAdo vyayo dhrauvyaM caitat trayaM tiSThet tadeva saditi / utpAdasyArtho'sti uttarottarAkArasyotpattiH / vyayasya artho'sti pUrvAkArasya vinaashH| utpAdavyayayoranayoH paryAyayoranvitaM dhruvatvameva sat / atra bhavatIyaM zaMkA yat utpAdo vyayazcetyetad dvayaM parasparaM virodhitattvamasti / asyAM sthitau kathamanayoH dvayorvirodhino: ekatra samavasthAnamiti ? asya praznasyottaraM dadatA kArikAkAreNa dIyate uttaraM yat pratyekaM vastunaH aMzadvayaM bhavati / ekastu dravyAMzaH paryAyAMzastu dvitIyaH / tatra dravyAMzastu vastunaH zAzvataM rUpam / tatra na bhavati kimapi parivartanaM vinAzo vA / ata eva vastuno dhrauvyatvaM dravyAMzamAdAya bhavatIti na kApi vipratipattiH / vastuni yaH khalu vikAro vyayo vA bhavati tat sarvaM paryAyApekSaM bhavati / anena prakAreNa ekasminneva vastuni dvau virodhidharmau sahaiva tiSThata eva / vastutaH dravyaM nirapekSasatyam / yadA tad vyavahAre pravRttaM bhavati tadA tatra apekSAyA AvazyakatA bhavati / tadaiva tatra syAdvAdo ghaTito bhavati / jainadarzanamanekAntavAdidarzanamasti / syAdvAdaH pratipAdanasya paddhatirasti / vastuno lakSaNe dravyAMzasya apekSayA vastu nityamasti paryAyAMzasya apekSayA ca For Personal & Private Use Only

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70 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI tad anitym| ittham apekSAbhedena vastu nityAnitya miti syAdvAdasya phalitamidam / jainadarzana ke anusAra utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya sat yaha vastu kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai| jisa vastu meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ye tInoM sAtha rahate haiM vahI sat hai / utpAda kA artha hai - uttarottara AkAra kI utpatti / vyaya kA artha hai - pUrva AkAra kA vinaash| utpAda aura vyaya ina donoM paryAyoM meM anvita tattva hI dhruvatva hai| yahAM yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki utpAda aura vyaya ye donoM paraspara virodhI tattva haiN| isa sthiti meM ye donoM virodhI tattva eka sAtha eka sthAna meM kaise raha sakate haiM? isa prazna ke uttara meM kArikAkAra uttara dete haiM ki pratyeka vastu meM do aMza hote haiM - eka dravyAMza aura dUsarA paryAyAMza / unameM dravyAMza vastu kA zAzvata rUpa hai| usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana aura vinAza nahIM hotaa| isalie vastu kA jo dhrauvyatva hai vaha dravyAMza ko lekara hI hotA hai| usameM kisI bhI prakAra kI visaMgati nahIM hotI / vastu meM jo vikAra athavA vyaya hotA hai vaha saba paryAya kI apekSA se hotA hai / isa prakAra eka hI vastu meM do virodhI dharma sAtha rahate hI haiM / vAstava meM dravya nirapekSa satya hai| jaba vaha vyavahAra meM pravRtta hotA hai taba vahAM apekSAbheda kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / taba hI vahAM syAdvAda ghaTita hotA hai| jainadarzana anekAntavAdI darzana hai / syAdvAda pratipAdana kI paddhati hai / vastu ke lakSaNa meM dravyAMza kI apekSA se vastu nitya hai aura paryAyAMza kI apekSA se vaha anitya hai| isa prakAra apekSAbheda se vastu nityAnityaM hai, yahI syAdvAda kA phalita hai| (32) utpAdavyayadhrauvyANAM parasparamanyonyAzrayaH sambandha iti tathyaM vaktumupakramate utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya kA paraspara anyonyAzraya sambandha hai, isa tathya ko kArikA ke dvArA batA rahe haiM sthitivyayarahitAtvAnnAstyutpAdo hi kevalaH / nAzo'pi kevalo nAsti sthityutpattivivarjitaH // 32 // For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI ____ koI bhI utpAda aisA nahIM hotA, jo sthiti aura vyaya se rahita ho, unase saMyukta na ho| koI bhI vyaya aisA nahIM hotA, jo sthiti aura utpAda se rahita ho unase saMyukta na ho| nyAyaprakAzikA ____ asmin jagati ko'pyutpAda etAdRzo na bhavati yaH sthityA vyayena ca rahitaH kevalaH syaat| tAtparyamidaM yat etAdRzaH ko'pyutpAdo nAsti yasya sattA-sthitiH na bhvet| tasya vyayazca na syaat| yadi utpadya bhAvA na tiSTheyuH tato vyayazca na syAt tadA prayojanazUnyaH samutpAdo vyartha eva syaat| dRzyate hi loke yat sarvo hi samutpAdaH saprayojana eva bhvti| teSAM prayojanaM ca sthitimantarA yatnasahasreNApi bhavituM naarhti| tasmAdetadavazyameva svIkaraNIyaM yat utpAdaH kevala ekAkI na bhavati kintu sthityA sahaiva bhvti| utpatteranantaraM yadi vastunaH sthitirna bhavet tadA vinazyatA bhAvena kiM prayojanam? tasmAt sthitivyayAbhyAM sahaiva bhavati samutpAdaH kasyApi vastunaH iti svIkaraNIyameva ! yathA vastunaH utpAdaH sthitivyayasahito bhavati tathaiva nAzo'pivyayo'pi sthityA utpattyA ca sahaiva bhvti| yadi kasyApi vastunaH samutpattirna syAt utpatteranantaraM tasya sthitizca na tadA pratiyogino'bhAve kasya vyayaH-vinAzaH syAt? yathA dugdhasya dadhirUpe pariNamanArthaM dugdhasya pUrvakAlikasattA apekSate tathaiva kasyApi vastuno vyayArthaM pariNamanArthaM tasya vastunaH pUrvakAlikI sattA apekSitA bhvtyev| idameva tathyam asyAM kArikAyAM vyktiikRtm| ___isa jagat maiM kisI bhI.vastu kA utpAda aisA nahIM hotA jo sthiti aura vyaya se rahita kevala ho| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki aisA koI utpAda nahIM hai jisakI sattA-sthiti na ho ora usakA vyaya na ho| yadi padArtha utpanna hokara sthita na raheM aura unase vyaya na ho to prayojanazUnya utpAda vyartha hI ho jaaegaa| loka meM dekhA jAtA hai ki sabhI utpAda prayojana sahita hI hote haiM aura unakA prayojana sthiti ke binA hajAra prayatna karane para bhI siddha nahIM hotaa| isalie yaha avazya hI svIkAra karanA cAhie ki utpAda kevala akelA nahIM hotA kintu sthiti ke sAtha hI hotA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI hai utpatti ke bAda yadi vastu kI sthiti na ho to vinaSTa hone vAle bhAva se kyA prayojana? isalie sthiti aura vyaya ke sAtha hI kisI bhI vastu kA utpAda hotA hai, ise svIkAra karanA caahie| jisa prakAra vastu kA utpAda, vyaya aura sthiti ke sAtha hotA hai usI prakAra usakA vyaya bhI sthiti aura utpatti ke sAtha hI hotA hai| yadi kisI bhI vastu kA utpAda na ho aura utpatti ke bAda usakI sthiti na hoM to pratiyogI-vinaSTa hone vAlI vastu ke abhAva meM vyaya kisakA hogA? jisa prakAra dUdha ke dadhirUpa meM pariNamana ke lie dUdha kI pUrvakAlika sattA apekSita hotI hai usI prakAra kisI bhI vastu ke vyaya athavA pariNamana ke lie usa vastu kI pUrvakAlika sattA apekSita hotI hI hai| yahI tathya isa kArikA meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai| (33) kasyApi vastunaH sthitivinAzotpAdarahitA naiveti pratipAdayati kisI bhI vastu kI sthiti vinAza aura utpAda se rahita nahIM hotI, aisA pratipAdana kara rahe haiM vinAzotpAdazUnyatvAt sthitizcApi na kevlaa| utpAdavyayadhrauvyANi tenAbhinnAni santi vai||33|| koI bhI dhrauvya aisA nahIM hotA jo utpAda aura vyaya se rahita ho, unase saMyukta na ho| isa dRSTi se utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM abhinna haiN| nyAyaprakAzikA kimapi dhauvyametAdRzaM na bhavati yat utpAdavyayAbhyAM rahitaM syaat| tad dhauvyaM utpAdavyayAbhyAM sahaiva bhvti| yadi kasyApi vastunaH sthitiravalokyate tadA tatra mantavyamidaM yat asya vastunaH samutpAdo jAta ev| anyathA tasya sthitiH kathaM syAt? ataH samutpAdasahitaiva sthitiriti tathyaM suspssttm|asmaat kAraNAt sthityarthaM samutpAda Avazyaka ev| utpAdarahitA kevalA sthitistu asNbhvaasti| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 73 anenaiva prakAreNa vyaye'pi-vinAze'pi sthitirapekSitA bhvti| yadi padArthasya sthitirna syAt tadA kasya vyayaH syAt? tasmAt padArthasya vyaye'pivinAze'pi sthitirAvazyakIti veditvym| yadA vastunaH sattaiva na tadA kasya vyayo bhavituM shkyH|ysy vastunaH sthitistiSThati tasyaiva vastuno vyayo vinAzo vA bhavatIti saarH| utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmakaM vastuno lakSaNaM jaayte| etena vivecanenedaM siddhyati yat vastuno yallakSaNaM pratipAditaMtatrayAtmakamekasminneva vastuni sahaiva tisstthti| trayANAmeSAmadhikaraNam ekam eveti samAnAdhikaraNavRttitvena essaambhinntvmev| koI bhI dhrauvya aisA nahIM hotA jo utpAda aura vyaya se rahita ho| vaha dhrauvya utpAda aura vyaya ke sAtha hI hotA hai| yadi kisI vastu kI sthiti dekhI jAtI hai to vahAM yaha mAnanA cAhie ki isa vastu kA utpAda ho gayA hai| anyathA usakI sthiti kaise ho? isalie utpAda ke sAtha hI sthiti hotI hai, yaha tathya suspaSTa hai| isa kAraNa se sthiti ke lie utpAda kA honA Avazyaka hI hai| utpAdarahita kevala sthiti asaMbhava hai| isI prakAra vyaya-vinAza meM bhI sthiti apekSita hotI hai| yadi padArtha kI sthiti na ho to vyaya kisakA hogA? isalie padArtha ke vyaya-vinAza meM bhI sthiti Avazyaka hotI hai, aisA jAnanA caahie| jaba vastu kI sattA hI nahIM hai taba vyaya kisakA hogA? jisa vastu kI sthiti hotI hai usI vastu kA vyaya-vinAza hotA hai, yaha isakA sAra hai| vastu kA lakSaNa utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hotA hai| isa vivecana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki vastu ke jisa lakSaNa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai vaha trayAtmaka-utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya lakSaNa eka hI vastu meM eka sAtha rahatA hai| ina tInoM kA adhikaraNa eka hI hai, isalie eka hI adhikaraNa meM rahane ke kAraNa inakA (utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya) abhinnatva hI hai| . (34) prastutakArikAyAmutpAdavyayadhauvyANAM bhinnatA'bhinnatA ca kathamiti pratipAdayati For Personal & Private Use Only

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74 ___ jainanyAyapaJcAzatI prastuta kArikA meM utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya kI bhinnatA aura abhinnatA kaise hai? usakA pratipAdana kara rahe haiM vibhinnalakSaNatvena bhinnAni syurmuunypi| bhinnatA'bhinnatA caivamamISAM hi prsiddhyti||34|| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ke lakSaNa bhinna haiM, isalie ye bhinna haiN| isa prakAra inakI bhinnatA aura abhinnatA-donoM siddha hotI haiN| nyAyaprakAzikA utpAdavyayadhauvyANAm etat trayaM pratyekaM lakSaNaM pRthak pRthgsti| etat trayaM nirapekSasatyaM tathA saapekssstynycaapysti| lakSaNApekSayA imAni sApekSa satyAni tathA ekasminnevAdhikaraNe sthityA ca nirpekssstyaani| lakSaNabhedenaiSAM trayANAM utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyANAM bhinntvm| lakSaNaM kasyApi vastunaH tadIyaM svarUpapratipAdakaM bhvti| yathA-pRthivyA lakSaNamasti gndhvtvm| idaM gandhavatvaM pRthivyA itarabhinnatvaM sAdhayati / pRthivI itarabhinnA gandhavatvAt' iti vacanAt atra gandhavatvena hetunA pRthivyA itarabhinnatvaM saadhitmsti| anenaiva prakAreNa utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyadharmANAM pratyekaM lakSaNaM bhinna bhinnmvgntvym| tatrotpAdo nAma avidyamAnapadArthasya smutpttiH| asyedaM lakSaNaM vyayalakSaNAd bhinnmsti| vyayo'sti vidyamAnasya vinAzo rUpAntaraNaM vaa| asya lakSaNamidam utpAdalakSaNAd bhinnm| dhauvyamasti zAzvatarUpeNa vidymaantaa| asyedaM lakSaNamidam utpAdavyayalakSaNAbhyAM bhinnm| utpAdavyayau dravyasya paryAyau staH dhauvyaM ca vishuddhsttaatmkruupm| anena prakAreNa lakSaNabhedAt eSAM trayANAM bhinnatvaM siddhyti| eSAmabhinnatA api dRshyte| sA ca itthm| utpAdavyayadhauvyANi ekasminnadhikaraNe sahaiva tiSThantIti samAnAdhikaraNavRttitvAt santImAni abhinnaani| etena vivecana amISAM trayANAM bhinnatA abhinnatA ca siddhyti| utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoM kA pratyeka kA lakSaNa pRthak-pRthak hai| ye tInoM nirapekSasatya aura sApekSasatya bhI haiN| lakSaNa kI apekSA se ye tInoM sApekSasatya For Personal & Private Use Only

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75 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI haiM aura eka hI adhiSThAna-AdhAra meM rahane ke kAraNa se nirapekSasatya haiM / lakSaNa-bheda se ina tInoM-utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya kI bhinnatA hai| lakSaNa kisI bhI vastu ke svarUpa kA pratipAdaka hotA hai| jaise-pRthvI kA lakSaNa gandhavatva hai| yaha gandhavatva lakSaNa pRthvI ko dUsare padArthoM se bhinna siddha karatA hai| pRthvI gandhavatI hone ke kAraNa itara padArthoM se bhinna haiM, isa kathana se yahAM gandhavatva hetu se pRthvI dUsare padArthoM se bhinna siddha hotI hai| isI prakAra utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya-ina pratyeka kA lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna jAnanA caahie| utpAda kA tAtparya hai-avidyamAna padArtha kI samutpatti / isakA yaha lakSaNa vyaya ke lakSaNa se bhinna hai| vyaya kA artha haividyamAna kA vinAza yA ruupaantrnn| isakA yaha lakSaNa utpAda ke lakSaNa se bhinna hai| dhrauvya kA artha hai-zAzvatarUpa meM vidymaantaa| isakA yaha lakSaNa utpAda aura vyaya ke lakSaNa se bhinna hai| utpAda aura vyaya-ye dravya kI paryAeM haiM aura dhrauvya vizuddha sattAtmakarUpa hai| isa prakAra ina tInoM kA lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna hone ke kAraNa inakA bhinnatva siddha hotA hai| inakI abhinnatA bhI dekhI jAtI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya-ye tInoM eka adhikaraNa meM eka sAtha rahate haiM, isalie samAnAdhikaraNavRtti hone ke kAraNa ye abhinna haiN| isa vivecana se ina tInoM kI bhinnatA aura abhinnatA siddha hotI hai| (35) astitvamAtreNa kimapi dravyaM jIvo bhavituM na zaknotIti nirUpayatiastitvamAtra se koI bhI dravya jIva nahIM ho sakatA, aisA nirUpaNa karate haiM- syAt jIvo'pyastibhAvo hi,sa tu jIvaH pro'pic| dhavo vanaspatiH syAt sa punardhavo'pi kiNshukH||35|| jIva astibhAva hai usakA astitva hai| astibhAva athavA astitva jIva kA bhI hai aura anya dravyoM kA bhI hai| dhava vanaspati hai, kintu vanaspati dhava bhI hai aura kiMzuka bhI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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76 nyAyaprakAzikA jIvosstitvavAnasti iti kathanaM lokaprasiddham / astitvavanti tu anyAni dravyANyapi santi / kintu tAni tu kevalAni dravyANyeva kathyante / yathA - paJcAstikAyeSu dharmAdharmAkAzapudgalAH astitvavanto'pi dravyANyeva na tu jIvapadavAcyAni / jIvastu dravyaM sannapi astitvavAn cetanasvarUpaH / astitvavantyapi sarvadravyANi jIvapadena vaktuM na zakyante / udAharaNadvArA siddhAntamimaM draDhayati - ' dhava' iti nAmnA vRkSavizeSo'sti / sa cAsti vanaspatiH ' / vanaspatistu kiMzuko'pyasti, kintu vanaspatimAtreNa dhavaH kiMzukazceti dvAvapi na samau / kiJca dvayorapi guNadharmI upayogitA ca pRthak pRthgsti| tasmAt ubhayoH pArthakyam / dhavaH kiMzuko bhavituM nArhati, kiMzukazca dhavo'pi bhavituM naarhti| ubhayoH vanaspati'tve'pi guNadharmabhedAdutbhaubhinnau / asya niSkarSo'yaM yat astitvamAtreNa sarvANi dravyANi samAnAni bhavituM zakyAni, paraM tAni jIvapadena vyavahartuM na zaknuvanti / prasaMgavazAt eSAM dravyANAM bhinnAbhinnatvaM pratipAdayati / taccetthamastitvadRSTyA jIvasya anyasya vA kasyacit dravyasya syAnnAma abhinnatvaM kintu pratyekaM lakSaNaM bhinnaM bhinnamiti pratyekaM dravyaM bhinnameva vartate / yathA jIvasya lakSaNaM vartate caitnym| dharmAstikAyasya lakSaNamasti gatisahAyatvam / tAtparyamidaM yallakSaNabhedAt bhinnaiH dravyaiH saha astitvasya samAnatAM dRSTvA na bhavati jIvasya dharmAstikAyatvaM dharmAstikAyasya vA jIvatvam / tasmAt dravyANAM parasparaM bhinnA'bhinnatvaM siddhameva / jainanyAyapaJcAzatI jIva astitvavAn hai, yaha kathana lokaprasiddha hai| astitvavAn to anya dravya bhI hote haiM / kintu ve to kevala dravya hI kahe jAte haiM, jaise- paJcAstikAya meM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudgala - ye cAroM astitvavAn hote hue bhI dravya hI hote haiM, jIva nahIM hote| jIva dravya hote hue bhI astitvAn hai, cetana - svarUpa hai| astitvavAn hote hue bhI sabhI dravya jIva nahIM kahe jA skte| 1. 'jJeyaH so'tra vanaspatiH phalati yaH puSpairvinA taiH phalam' / (rAjanigha., AnUvAdivarga:, zlo. 29 ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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77 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI isa siddhAnta ko udAharaNa ke dvArA dRDha kara rahe haiM-dhava nAmaka vRkSavizeSa hai| vaha vanaspati hai| vanaspati to kiMzuka-palAza bhI hai, kintu vanaspati hone mAtra se dhava aura kiMzuka-donoM samAna nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM kA guNa, dharma aura upayogitA pRthak-pRthak hai, isalie donoM kI pRthakatA hai| dhava kiMzuka nahIM ho sakatA aura kiMzuka dhava nahIM ho sktaa| donoM vanaspati hote hue bhI guNadharma ke bheda se donoM bhinna haiN| isakA niSkarSa hai ki astitvamAtra se sabhI dravya samAna ho sakate haiM, parantu ve jIva nahIM kahe jA skte| prasaMgavaza ina dravyoM kI bhinnatA-abhinnatA kA pratipAdana kara rahe haiN| vaha isa prakAra hai-astitva kI dRSTi se jIva kA yA anya kisI dravya kA abhinnatva ho sakatA hai, kintu pratyeka kA lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna hone ke kAraNa pratyeka dravya bhinna hI hai| jaise-jIva kA lakSaNa hai caitanya aura dharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa hai gati meM shaaytaa| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki lakSaNabheda se bhinna dravyoM ke sAtha astitva kI samAnatA ko dekhakara jIva dharmAstikAya nahIM ho jAtA aura dharmAstikAya jIva nahIM hotaa| isalie dravyoM kA parasparaMbhinnatva-abhinnatva siddha hI hai| . (36) samprati kAryakAraNayorbhinnA'bhinnatvaM puSTaM karoti. aba kArya-kAraNa kI bhinnatA-abhinnatA ko puSTa kara rahe haiM ghaTo na pRthvIvizliSTastato'bhinnastayA bhvet| nAsIt pUrvaM ghaTa iti bhinnastena tayA bhvet|| 35 // ghaTa pRthvI (mRttikA) se pRthak nahIM hai, isalie vaha pRthvI se abhinna hai| pahale ghar3A nahIM thA, aba bana gayA, isalie vaha pRthvI se bhinna bhI hai| nyAyaprakAzikA kimapi kArya kAraNamantarA na bhvti| prastutasthale kAryamasti ghaTaH kAraNaJcAsti mRttikaa| kAraNaJca dvividhaM bhavati-upAdAnakAraNaM For Personal & Private Use Only

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18 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI nimittkaarnnnyc|yen sAdhanena ghaTaH nirmIyate tad tasyopAdAnakAraNa, kalAla. tathA nirmANe ca prayujyamAnA anyA sAmagrI nimittakAraNamiti sthiti| prastutaprakaraNe ghaTaH kAryaM pRthvI ca tsyopaadaankaarnnm| pratyA kAryamupAdAnakAraNasaMzliSTaM bhvti| anena niyamena ghaTAtmakaM kAryaM pRthivyAHmRttikAyAH sNshlissttmsti| tasmAdasau pRthivyA abhinna ev| pUrvaM mRttikA ghaTarUpe pariNatA nAsIt, samprati tu ghaTarUpe prinntaa| pRthvI-mRttikA tu pUrvamapyAsIt, kintu na nirmito ghttstdaaniim|asmaad idaM vijJAyate yat ghaTaH pRthivyAH pRthag bhinna ev| yadi ghaTaH pRthivyA abhinnaH syAt tadA pRthvI tu pUrvamapyAsIditi tadA ghaTaH kathaM notpannaH? etena avabudhyate idaM yat pRthvI bhinnA ghaTazca bhinnH| vastutastu satyapi upAdAnakAraNe yAvat kulAlasya vyApAro nirmANe ca prayujyamAnAni upakaraNAni na syuH tAvat ghaTaH kathaM samutpadyeta? upAdAnasya sattAmAtreNaiva kAryasya niSpatti va bhvti| kAryakAraNayorbhinnA'bhinnatvaM tu upayogamAdAyaiva vaktuM yujyte| ghaTasyopayogo jalAdyAharaNenaiva pRthivyAstu AdhArapradAnenaiva bhvti| mRtpiNDAt nirmito ghaTaH iti ghaTaH pRthivyA abhinnaH, pUrva ghaTo nAsIt sAmprataM ghaTo'stIti ghaTaH pRthivyA bhinnaH iti vivecanena ghaTasya bhinnAbhinnatvaM siddhyti| ___atredamapi vaktuM zakyate yat ghaTo dhauvyarUpeNa pRthivyA abhinna paryAyarUpeNa bhinno'py'sti| koI bhI kArya kAraNa ke binA nahIM hotaa| yahAM ghaTa kArya hai aura mRttikA kAraNa hai| kAraNa do prakAra kA hotA hai-upAdAnakAraNa aura nimittkaarnn| jisa sAdhana se ghaTa kA nirmANa kiyA jAe vaha usakA upAdAnakAraNa hai| kumbhakAra tathA nirmANa meM prayukta hone vAlI anya sAmagrI nimittakAraNa hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM ghaTa kArya hai aura pRthvI usakA upAdAna kAraNa hai| pratyeka kArya upAdAnakAraNa se saMzliSTa-saMyukta hotA hai| isa niyama se ghaTasvarUpa kArya pRthvI-miTTI se saMyukta hai, isalie ghaTa pRthvI se abhinna hI hai| pUrva meM mRttikA ghaTarUpa meM pariNata nahIM thI, aba vaha ghaTarUpa meM pariNata ho gii| pRthvI-miTTI to pahale bhI thI kintu taba ghar3A nirmita nahIM huA thaa| isase yaha For Personal & Private Use Only

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19 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI jJAta hotA hai ki ghar3A pRthvI-miTTI se pRthak bhinna hI hai| yadi ghar3A pRthvI se abhinna hotA to pRthvI to pahale bhI thI taba ghar3A utpanna kyoM nahIM huA? isase yaha jAnA jAtA hai ki pRthvI bhinna hai aura ghar3A bhinna hai| vAstava meM to upAdAnakAraNa ke hone para bhI jaba taka kumhAra kA vyApAra aura nirmANa meM prayukta hone vAle upakaraNa nahIM hote taba taka ghar3A kaise nirmita ho sakatA hai| upAdAna kI sattA hone mAtra se hI kArya kI niSpatti nahIM hotii| kArya aura kAraNa kI bhinnatA aura abhinnatA to upayoga ko lekara hI kahI jA sakatI hai| ghar3e kA upayoga jala Adi kA grahaNa karane ke lie hai aura pRthvI kA upayoga AdhAra dene ke lie hotA hai| miTTI ke piNDa se ghar3A nirmita huA, isalie ghar3A pRthvI se abhinna hai, pahale ghar3A nahIM thA, aba ghar3A hai, isalie ghar3A pRthvI se bhinna hai| isa vivecana se ghaTa kA bhinnatva-abhinnatva siddha hotA hai| yahAM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ghaTa dhrauvyarUpa se pRthivI-miTTI se abhinna hai aura paryAyarUpa se usase bhinna bhI hai| (37) samprati nyAyavaizeSikAbhimataM sAmAnyavizeSayoH pRthak padathitvaM nirAkurvan zlokayati aba nyAyavaizeSika se abhimata sAmAnya-vizeSa kA pRthak padArthatA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kaha rahe haiM sAmAnyazca vizeSazca na svatantrau ghubhaavpi| vastuno hi guNau kintu sarvasminnapi vrtnaat||37|| sAmAnya aura vizeSa svatantra padArtha nahIM hai, kintu donoM vastu ke hI guNa haiN| kyoMki sabhI padArthoM meM inakI vidyamAnatA hai| nyAyaprakAzikA ___ pratyekaM darzanasyoddezyamasti padArthAnAM vishlessnnm| pratyekaM darzane padArthAnAM mAnyatA bhinnA bhinnaa'sti| asmin sandarbha vaizeSikadarzanaM For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 'dravyaguNakarmasAmAnyAdisapta padArthAn manute / tatra sAmAnyavizeSau imau dvau padArthAvapi staH / sAmAnyasya lakSaNaM tatraivaM kRtaM vartate - 'nityamekamanekAnugataM saamaanym'|' asya tAtparyamasti yannityamekaM tathA anekeSu samavAyasambandhena tiSThet tat sAmAnyamucyate / yathA 'ayaM gauH' ityukte satyatra gotvaviziSTAnAM sarveSAM gavAM bodho jAyate / tatra yad gotvaM tannityamekaM tathA sarveSu goSu samavAyasambandhena tiSThati / samavAyastu nityasambandhasya vAcakaH / ata eva gotvaM gavA saha sadaiva tiSThati / idaM vastunaH sAmAnyaM rUpam / yadA 'pIto gau: ' 'kRSNo gauH' ityucyate tadA tadvizeSeNa yukto gozabdo govizeSasya bodhako bhavati / atra goH vizeSatA prakaTIbhavati / 80 - sAmAnyamidaM dvividhaM bhavati - paramaparaJca / parasAmAnyaM taducyate yadadhikadezavRtti bhavet / yathA 'vRkSA:' ityAdi / yannyUnadeze tiSThet tdprsaamaanynyc| yathA - Amro - nimbakadambAdayo vizeSavRkSabodhakAH santi / imau dvau sAmAnyavizeSau bhinnau bhinnau padArthau staH / vizeSasya paribhASA vaizeSikadarzane evaM kRtA yat nityadravyavRttayo vizeSAstu anantA eva / tAtparyamidaM yannityadravyaparamANuSu tiSThan teSAM ( paramANUnAM ) parasparaM vyAvartako bhavati sa eva vizeSaH / yadA padArthAnAM parasparaMbhinnatAM sAdhayatA janena paramANuM yAvat gamyate tadA paramANUnAM niravayavatvAt idamevocyate yat ayaM paramANuH tasmAt paramANoH bhidyate vizeSatvAt / anayA rItyA vizeSa eva paramANUnAM bhedako bhavati / iyameva vizeSasya vizeSatA yA paramANUn parasparaM vibhanakti / jainadarzanAnusAraM sAmAnyavizeSau na svatantrapadArthoM kintu imau dvau vastunaH eva guNau / ata eva saveSu padArtheSu anayorvidyamAnatA dRSTigocarI bhavati / 1. dravyaM guNastathA karma sAmAnyaM savizeSakam / samavAyAstathA bhAvAH, padArthAH sapta kIrtitAH // (nyAya siddhAntamuktAvalI ) 2. tarkasaMgrahaH, pR. 77 / 3. tarkasaMgrahaH : pR. 6 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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81 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI atredaM vizeSarUpeNa jJAtavyaM yat pratyekaM padArthaH svayameva sAmAnyavizeSAtmako bhvti| yathA 'manuSya' ityukte manuSyamAtrasya bodho bhvti| sAmAnyarUpeNA'yaM vastuno bodhH| 'ayaM bhAratIyo vaidezikaH' 'gauro'yaM manuSyaH kRSNo vetyukte' sati manuSyavizeSasya bodhH| anena prakAreNa zabdaH svayameva sAmAnyavizeSayoH jJAnaM kaaryti| yato hi sAmAnyavizeSau padArthasya dharmI stH| padArthasya idaM rUpaM jJAtuM vaizeSikadarzane sAmAnyavizeSau svatantrapadArthoM iti sviikRtmsti| kintu nedaM nyaaysNgtm| kArikAkAraH matamidaM nirAkurvan anayoH svatantrapadArthatvaM na sviikurute| imau na svatantrapadArthoM kintu padArthasya guNau stH| zabdazravaNamAtreNaiva sAmAnyavizeSayoH bodho bhvti| tasmAdimau padArthaguNAveva na tu svatantrapadArthau / ___ AcAryahemacandreNApi kathitaM yat padArthAH svayameva anuvRttivyativRttibhAjo bhavanti / tAn bodhayituM bhAvAntarasya AvazyakatA naiva bhvti| niSkarSarUpeNedameva vaktuM zakyate yat padArthAH svata eva sAmAnyavizeSAtmakA bhvnti| pratyeka darzana kA uddezya hai-padArthoM kA vizleSaNa krnaa| pratyeka darzana meM padArthoM kI mAnyatA bhinna-bhinna hai| isa sandarbha meM vaizeSikadarzana dravya, guNa, karma aura sAmAnya Adi sAta padArthoM ko mAnatA hai| unameM sAmAnya aura vizeSa-ye do padArtha bhI haiN| sAmAnya kA lakSaNa vahAM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai-'nityamekamanekAnugataM saamaanym|' isakA tAtparya hai ki jo nitya hai, eka hai aura jo aneka meM samavAyasambandha se rahatA hai vaha sAmAnya kahA jAtA hai| jaise-'yaha gAya hai' aisA kahane para yahAM gotvaviziSTa sabhI gAyoM kA bodha ho jAtA hai| kyoMki yaha gotva nitya hai, eka hai aura sabhI gAyoM meM samavAyasambandha se rahatA hai| samavAya nityasambandha kA vAcaka hai| isalie gotva gAya ke sAtha sadaiva rahatA hai| yaha vastu kA sAmAnya rUpa hai| jaba 'pIlI gAya', 'kAlI gAya' aisA kahA jAtA hai taba usa vizeSaNa se yukta gozabda gAyavizeSa kA bodhaka hotA hai| isameM gAya kI vizeSatA prakaTa hotI hai| 1. svato'nuvRttivyativRttibhAjo bhAvAna bhaavaantrneyruupaaH| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #99
82 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI ___yaha sAmAnya do prakAra kA hotA hai-para aura apr| parasAmAnya use kahate haiM jo adhika deza meM rahatA ho| jaise-vRkSa ityaadi| jo nyUna deza meM rahe vaha aparasAmAnya hai| jaise-Ama, nIma, kadamba Adi vizeSavRkSoM ke bodhaka haiN| sAmAnya aura vizeSaye donoM pRthak-pRthak padArtha haiM / vaizeSikadarzana meM vizeSa kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI gaI hai-'nityadravyavRttayo vizeSAstu anantA ev|' tAtparya yaha hai ki jo nitya dravya paramANuoM meM rahatA huA paraspara unakA (paramANuoM kA) vyAvartaka hotA hai vahI vizeSa hotA hai| jaba vyakti padArthoM kI paraspara bhinnatA ko siddha karatA huA paramANu taka pahuMca jAtA hai taba paramANuoM kI niravayavatA hone ke kAraNa yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yaha paramANu usa paramANu se bhinna hai, kyoMki yaha vizeSa paramANu hai| isa paddhati se vizeSa hI paramANuoM kA bheda karane vAlA hotA hai| vizeSa hI yahI vizeSatA hai ki jo paramANuoM ko paraspara vibhakta karatI hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra sAmAnya aura vizeSa svatantra padArtha nahIM hai, kintu ye donoM vastu ke hI guNa haiN| isalie sabhI padArthoM meM donoM kI vidyamAnatA dikhAI detI hai| yahAM vizeSarUpa se yaha jJAtavya hai ki pratyeka padArtha svayaM hI sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hotA hai| jaise-'manuSya' kahane para manuSyamAtra kA bodha ho jAtA hai| yaha sAmAnyarUpa se vastu kA bodha hai| yaha manuSya bhAratIya hai, videzI hai, yaha gaurA hai athavA kAlA . hai'-aisA kahane para manuSyavizeSa kA bodha hotA hai| isa prakAra zabda svayaM hI sAmAnya aura vizeSa kA jJAna karA detA hai, kyoMki sAmAnyavizeSa padArtha ke dharma haiN| padArtha ke isa rUpa ko jAnane ke lie vaizeSika-darzana meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko svatantra padArtha svIkRta kiyA gyaa| kintu yaha nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai| kArikAkAra ne isa (vaizeSikoM kA mata) kA nirAkaraNa karate hue sAmAnya aura vizeSa-ina donoM ko svatantra padArtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| ye donoM svatantra padArtha nahIM kintu padArtha ke guNa haiN| zabda ke sunane mAtra se hI sAmAnya aura vizeSa kA bodha ho jAtA hai, isalie ye padArtha ke hI guNa haiM na ki svatantra pdaarth| AcArya hemacandra ne bhI kahA hai ki padArtha svayaM hI anuvRtti-sAmAnya aura vyativRtti-vizeSa se yukta hote haiN| unako batAne ke lie anya padArthoM kI AvazyakatA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 83 hotI hI nahIM hai| niSkarSarUpa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki padArtha svataH hI sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hote haiN| (38) yaH khalvekaH so'neko'pi, yo nityaH so'nityo'pIti prastutakArikayA asya prastutIkaraNaM kriyate jo eka hai vaha aneka bhI hai, jo nitya hai vaha anitya bhI hai-prastuta kArikA dvArA isakA prastutIkaraNa kiyA jA rahA hai- . eko'neko'neka eko nityo'nityastathaiva c| kathaJciditi bhAvAnAM sthiti kAntataH kvcit|| 38 // __jo dravya eka hai, vaha kathaMcit aneka hai| jo dravya aneka hai, vaha kathaMcit eka hai| jo dravya nitya hai, vaha kathaMcit anitya hai| jo dravya anitya hai, vaha kathaMcit nitya hai| ekAnta-dRSTi se dravya kI isa vyavasthA kI saMgati nahIM biThAI jA sktii| nyAyaprakAzikA jaindrshnmnekaantvaadidrshnmsti| tasya sarvaM cintanaM padArthavizleSaNaM ca sApekSatayA bhvti| ekAnta-vAdidRSTi na kadApi bhavati stygraahikaa| satyopalabdhaye ubhayAtmakadRSTerapekSA bhvti| jainadarzane vastu jJAtuM dRSTidvayaM sammatam-dravyadRSTiH pryaaydRssttishc|gunnpryaayaashryo hi drvym|anek paryAyANAM sammelanena nirmIyate kimapi vstu| tatra yadi paryAyadRSTyA dRzyate vastu tadA ekasminneva vastuni ghaTAdau vA anekeSAM paryAyANAmavasthityA eka eva ghaTaH kathaJcit anekopyucyte| paryAyANAmanekatAM vastuni samAropyaiva kathyate yat vastu ghaTo vA anekH| mRtpiNDasya aneke paryAyAH ghaTasya kaarnnm| ghaTazca teSAM kaarym|kaarnndhrmaaH kArye smaaropynte|at eva paryAyagataM nAnAtvaM ghaTAdau vastuni samAropya kriyate vyavahAraH yat ayaM ghaTaH kthNcideko'pynekH| atra bhavati iyaM zaMkA yat eka eva ghaTo yadi aneko bhavati tadA ekenaiva ghaTena anekeSAM ghaTAnAM kAryaM kathaM na sampAdyatAm? kAvazyakatA ttraanekghttaanaam| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #101
x4 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI asya praznasya uttare vaktavyamidamasti yat prayogo'yaM nizcayanaya dRSTyAsti na tu vyvhaarnydRssttyaa| ato vyavahAraM sampAdayituM dravyadRSTiMrAzrayaNIyA, vastuno'nekAntatvaJca sviikrnniiym| vastuno'nekAntatve svIkAre tasyaikatvamanekatvaM nityatvamanityatvaJceti sarvaM vidhivat saMsAdhitaM bhvti| vastu yadA anekAntAtmakaM bhavati tadA tatra dravyaparyAyAtmake vastuni yadA dravyadRSTyA vastu paricIyate tadA tatra dravyasya nityatvAt ekatvAcca vastuno nityatvamekatvaJca siddhyti| yadA ca paryAyadRSTyA kriyate vicArovastunastadA paryAyANAmanekatvAt anityatvAt ca vastuno'nityatvamanekatvaJca siddhyti| etat sarvamanekAntavAda eva sulbhm| ekAntavAde tu vastu nityameva syAdanityameva vaa| evameva ekameva syAdanekameva vA na tu nityAnityatvam ekAnekatvaM vaa| ata eva kAMrikAkArasyeya-muktiH sarvathA sArthikA yat bhAvAnAM sthiti kAntataH kvciditi| bhAvAnAM vAstavikasvarUpaM nityAnityatAdikaM sarvamanekAntavAdata eva jJAtuM shkyte| jainadarzana anekAntavAdI darzana hai| usakA sArA cintana aura padArtha-vizleSaNa sApekSatA se hotA hai| ekAntavAdI dRSTi kabhI satyagrAhya nahIM hotii| satya kI upalabdhi ke lie ubhayAtmaka dRSTi kI apekSA hotI hai| jainadarzana meM vastu ko jAnane ke lie do dRSTiyAM sammata haiM-dravyadRSTi aura pryaay-dRsstti| guNa aura paryAyoM ke Azraya-AdhAra ko dravya kahate haiN| koI bhI vastu aneka paryAyoM ke sammilana se nirmita hotI hai| yadi vastu ko paryAya kI dRSTi se dekhA jAe to eka hI vastu athavA ghaTa Adi meM aneka paryAyoM kI avasthiti se eka hI ghaTa kathaJcit aneka ghaTa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| paryAyoM kI anekatA ko vastu meM samAropaNa karake hI kahA jAtA hai ki vastu yA ghaTa aneka haiN| mRtpiNDa kI aneka paryAeM ghaTa kA kAraNa haiM aura ghaTa una paryAyoM kA kArya hai| kAraNadharma kA kArya meM samAropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isIlie paryAyagata nAnAtva ko ghaTa Adi vastu meM Aropita karake hI kahA jAtA hai ki yaha ghaTa eka hote hue bhI kathaJcit aneka hai| yahAM yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki eka hI ghaTa yadi aneka hotA hai to eka hI ghaTa se aneka ghaToM kA kArya sampAdita kyoM nahIM ho jAtA? vahAM aneka ghaToM kI kyA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #102
85 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI AvazyakatA hai| isa prazna ke uttara meM yaha kahanA hai ki yaha prayoga nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se hai, vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se nhiiN| isalie vyavahAra ko sampAdita karane ke lie dravyadRSTi kA Azraya lenA cAhie aura vastu kI anekAntatA ko svIkAra karanA caahie| vastu kA anekAntatva svIkAra karane para usakA ekatva, anekatva, nityatva aura anityatva saba vidhivat sampanna ho jAte haiN| vastu jaba anekAntAtmaka hotI hai taba usa dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastu meM vastu ko jaba dravyadRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai taba dravya kA nityatva aura ekatva ke AdhAra para vastu kA nityatva aura ekatva siddha hotA hai| jaba vastu kA paryAyadRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai taba paryAyoM ke anekatva aura anityatva ke kAraNa vastu kA anityatva aura anekatva siddha hotA hai| yaha saba anekAntavAda meM hI sulabha hai| ekAntavAda meM to vastu nitya yA anitya, eka yA aneka hI ho sakatI hai, nityAnitya athavA ekAneka nahIM ho sktii| isalie kArikAkAra kA yaha kathana sarvathA sArthaka hai ki ekAntadRSTi se padArtha kI vyavasthA kabhI saMgata nahIM ho sktii| dravyoM kA netya-anitya Adi sArA vAstavika svarUpa to anekAntavAda se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| zabdaH paudgliko'sti|sc AkAzasya guNo neti tathyaM pratipAdayati zabda paudgalika hai| yaha AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai, isa tathya kA pratipAdana kayA jA rahA hai pudgalapracayaH zabdaH scittaacittmishrbhid| ___ na ca vyomaguNastAvanmUrtatvAt bhavitaM kssmH||39|| zabda paudgalika hai| usake tIna bheda haiM-sacitta, acitta aura mishr| zabda |kAza kA guNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki AkAza amUrta hai aura zabda mUrta hai| yaprakAzikA zabdo jagati nikhilavyavahArasya mAdhyamaH prkaashsvruupshc| yadi zabdo syAt asmin jagati tadA tu jIvanavyavahArasya lopaH srvthaa| taM vinA For Personal & Private Use Only

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86 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 12 jagapi tamasAcchannameva syAt / zabdasya guNaviSaye dArzanikAnAM parasparaM matabhedo'sti / tatra tAvannyAyadarzane zabdasya paribhASA evaM kRtA vartate 'zrotragrAhyo guNaH zabdaH / zrotragrAhyatve sati yad guNatvaM tadeva zabdasya lakSaNam / kasyAyaM guNa iti jijJAsAyAmuktam 'zabdaguNakamAkAzam / zabda AkAzasya guNo'sti / sa ca dhvanyAtmakovarNAtmakazca bhedabhinno dvividhaH / 13 vyAkaraNazAstre ca zabdasya AkAzadezatvaM svIkRtaM na tu AkAzaguNatvam / tathA coktaM vyAkaraNamahAbhASye'-' zrotropalabdhirbuddhinigrahyaH prayogeNAbhijvalitaH AkAzadezaH shbdH|' asya tAtparyam - zabdasyopalabdhirjJAnaM zrotradvArA bhavati / ayaM buddhyA gRhyate prayogeNa cAbhijvalitaH - prakAzito bhavati / etAdRzaH zabdaH AkAzadezo'sti / evaM zabdasya AkAzaguNatvaM nirAkRtaM bhavati vyAkaraNamate / anena prakAreNa mImAMsAdarzane'pi zabdasya AkAza - guNatvaM nirAkRtya tasya dravyatvameka svIkRtam / tatroktam zrotramAtrendriyagrAhyaH zabdaH zabdatvajAtimAn / dravyaM sarvagato nityaH kumArilamate mataH // viyadguNatvaM zabdasya kecidUcurmanISiNaH / pratyakSAdivirodhAt tad bhaTTapAdairupekSitam // tAtparyamidaM yat zabdaH zrotrendriyamAtragrAhyaH sarvagato nityo dravyamasti / na ca ayaM AkAzaguNo'sti / kiJca zabdasya AkAzaguNatvasvIkAre pratyakSavirodho'sti / guNo hi guNini vartate / zabda AkAze na dRzyate AkAza 1. idamandhaM tamaH kRtsnaM jAyeta bhuvanatrayam / yadi zabdAdvayaM jyotirAsaMsAraM na dIpyate // ( - daNDI - kAvyAdarza: ) 2. tarkasaMgrahaH pR. 24 / 3. tarkasaMgrahaH pR. 11 / 4. paspazAhnikamahAbhASyamH pR. 63 / 5, 6. mAnameyodayaH, prameyAni - 229, 30 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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87 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI syaa'muurttvaat| ythaa-jnyaanmaatmgunnH| jJAnAtmAnau ubhAvapi amUrtI / mUrtaH zabdaH amUrtAkAzasya guNo bhavituM nArhatIti dravyameva zabdaH na tu aakaashgunnH| ___'abhrANIva pracIyante zabdAkhyAH paramANavaH' iti kathanena bhartRhariNApi zabdAnAM paramANupracayatvaM proktm| anena zabdasya dravyatvameva vaktuM shkyte| tasmAt zabdo naakaashgunnH|| ___jainadarzanAnusAreNa ca saMhanyamAnAnAM bhidyamAnAnAMca pudgalAnAM dhvanirUpaH pariNAmaH sa ucyate shbdH| tasyotpattiH asambaddhapudgalAnAM sambandhAt athavA sambaddhapudgalAnAM sambandhavicchedAt jaayte| sa ca pudglprcyo'sti| varNagandharasasparzavantaH eva pudgalA iti tllkssnnm| pudgalAnAM pracayo'sti pudglsmuuhH| yasmin ime catvAraH tiSTheyuH sa padArthaH rUpI-mUrto bhvti| ata eva zabdo mUrta ev|sc sacittAcittamizrabhedAt trividhH| prakArAntareNAyaM jIvaH ajIvo mishropyucyte|mnussyaadicittvdbhyH prANibhyo jAyamAnaH zabdaH scittshbdH| ythaa-pshupkssimnussyaannaaNshbdH|acittvdbhyo jaDAdipadArthebhyaH utpannazabdaH acittshbdH| yathA-truTyatAM kASThAdipadArthAnAM shbdH| sacittAcittasaMyogAt prAdurbhUtazabdo mishrshbdH| yathA-vINAvAdanazabdaH, kAMsyatAlajhallarINAM shbdH| jainadarzanamate zabda AkAzaguNo na sviikRt|naiyaayikaadyo ye dArzanikAH / yat manvate tanna yuktm| yato hi guNo hi guNini vrtte| AkAzaH amUrtaH zabdazca mUrta iti sthitau mUrtaH zabdaH paudgalikatvAt AkAzasya guNo bhavituM na zaknoti kintu dravyameva sH| zabda jagat meM vyavahAra kA mAdhyama hai vaha prakAzasvarUpa hai| yadi isa jagat meM zabda na hotA to sarvathA jIvanavyavahAra kA lopa ho jaataa| usake binA saMsAra bhI andhakAra se tamasAcchanna ho jaataa| zabda ke guNa ke viSaya meM dArzanikoM kA paraspara matabheda hai| nyAyadarzana meM zabda kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI gaI hai-'zrotragrAhyo guNaH shbdH'| arthAt zrotra se grAhya jo guNa hai vahI zabda hai| vaha kisakA guNa hai, isa 1. vAkyapadIyam For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #105
88 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI jijJAsA meM kahA hai-'shbdgunnkmaakaashm'| zabda AkAza kA guNa hai| vaha dhvanyAtmaka aura varNAtmaka bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| vyAkaraNazAstra meM zabda kA AkAzadeza svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, AkAza kA guNa nhiiN| vyAkaraNamahAbhASya meM kahA hai-'zrotropalabdhirbuddhinirgrAhya prayogeNAbhijvalitaH AkAzadezaH shbdH'| isakA tAtparya hai-zabda kA jJAna zrotra ke dvArA hotA hai| vaha buddhi se grAhya hai aura prayoga se prakAzita hotA hai| aisA zabda AkAzadeza hai| isa prakAra vyAkaraNamata meM zabda ko AkAza kA guNa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| ___isI prakAra mImAMsA darzana meM bhI zabda ke AkAzaguNa kA nirAkaraNa kara use dravyatva hI svIkAra kiyA hai| vahAM kahA hai zrotramAtrendriyagrAhyaH zabdaH shbdtvjaatimaan| dravyaM sarvagato nityaH kumArilabhate mtH|| viyadguNatvaM zabdasya keciduucurmniissinnH| pratyakSAdivirodhAt tad bhttttpaadairupekssitm|| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki zabda zrotra-indriya mAtra se grAhya hai| yaha sarvagata hai, nitya hai aura dravya hai| vaha AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai, kyoMki zabda ko AkAza kA guNa svIkAra karanA pratyakSa virodha hai| guNa guNI meM rahatA hai| zabda AkAza meM nahIM dekhA jAtA, kyoMki AkAza amUrta hai| jaise-jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai| jJAna aura AtmAdonoM amUrta haiN| mUrta zabda amUrta AkAza kA guNa nahIM ho sktaa| isalie zabda dravya hI hai, AkAza kA guNa nhiiN| abhrANIva pracIyante zabdAkhyAH paramANavaH'bAdala kI taraha zabda ke paramANu phailate haiM-isa kathana ke dvArA bhartRhari ne bhI zabdoM ko paramANupracaya kahA hai| isase zabda ko dravya hI kahA jA sakatA hai| isalie vaha AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra pudgaloM kA saMghAta aura bheda hone se jo dhvanirUpa pariNamana hotA hai, vaha zabda kahA jAtA hai| usakI utpatti asambaddha pudgaloM ke sambandha se athavA sambaddha pudgaloM ke sambandhaviccheda se hotI hai| vaha zabda pudgaloM kA pracaya (samUha) hai| jo varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza yukta hote haiM, ve pudgala haiM / yahI For Personal & Private Use Only

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89 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI unakA lakSaNa hai| pudgaloM kA pracaya pudgalasamUha hai, jisameM ye cAroM (varNAdi) rahate haiM vaha padArtha rUpI-mUrta hotA hai| isalie zabda mUrta hI hai, vaha sacitta, acitta aura mizra ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hotA hai| prakArAntara se yaha jIva, ajIva aura mizra kA bheda bhI kahA jAtA hai| manuSya Adi caitanyavAn prANiyoM se hone vAlA zabda sacittazabda hai jaise-pazu, pakSI evaM manuSyoM kA zabda / acetana jar3a Adi padArthoM se utpanna zabda acitta zabda hai| jaise TUTate hue kASTha Adi padArthoM kA shbd| sacitta aura acitta ke saMyoga se prAdurbhUta zabda mizra zabda hai| jaise-vINA vAdana kA zabda, kAMsya, tAla aura jhallarI kA shbd|| __ jainadarzana ke anusAra zabda ko AkAza kA guNa svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| naiyAyika Adi jo dArzanika aisA mAnate haiM vaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki guNa guNI meM rahatA hai| AkAza amUrta hai aura zabda mUrta-aisI sthiti meM mUrta zabda paudgalika hone ke kAraNa AkAza kA guNa kaise ho sakatA hai? kyoMki zabda aura AkAza paraspara guNaguNI-bhAva nahIM hai| isIlie guNaguNI ke abhAva ke kAraNa zabda AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai, kintu dravya hI hai| (40) dRSTAntadvArA zabdasyAkAzaguNatvaM nirAkarotidRSTAnta ke dvArA zabda ke AkAzaguNatva kA nirAkaraNa kara rahe haiM- . yo hi yasya guNaH sa syAttulyadharmA hi tasya c| amUrtasyAtmano jJAnaM guNo'mUrtaM yathA bhvet|| 40 // jo jisa dravya kA guNa hotA hai vaha usI dravya ke tulya dharmavAlA hotA hai, jaise-amUrta AtmA kA guNa jJAnaM amUrta hai vaise hI amUrta AkAza kA guNa zabda bhI amUrta honA caahie| nyAyaprakAzikA . 'egadavvassiA guNA'' ityAgamavacanAt guNo guNini tisstthti| sa ca smvaaysmbndhen|smvaayshc nityaH smbndhH|ato guNaguNinoH nitysmbndhH| 1. uttarajjhayaNANiH 28/6 / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #107
90 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI yasya dravyasya yo guNo bhavati sa guNaH svadravyaguNatulyaguNavAn bhvti| yathAjalasya guNaH shiitsrsho'sti| ayaM zItasparzaH jalaM kadApi na munycti| yadi zaityaM kathaJcit jalaM muJcet candramasaMvA tyajet tadA tatra guNaguNibhAvo bhavituM naiva shknoti| ata eva likhitaM kArikAyAM yat 'yo hi yasya guNaH sa syAttulyadharmA hi tasya c|' yaH padArtho yasya guNo bhavati sa guNinastulyadharmA eva bhvti| yathA-AtmA amUrtaH, tadguNo jJAnaM caapymuurtm| ata evAtra jJAnAtmanoryukta eva gunngunnibhaavH| asyAM sthitau nyAyadarzane AkAzaM lakSayatA yaduktaM zabdaguNakamAkAzamiti arthAt zabda eva guNo yasya tdevaakaashmiti| tanna yuktm| yato hi aakaashmmuurtmsti| atastasya guNenAmUrtena bhaavym| na cAsti tadguNaH shbdo'muurtH| zabdastu pudglprcyo'sti| pudgalazca sparzarasagandhavarNavAn bhvti| evaM lakSaNalakSitapudgalasamUhaH zabdo mUrta eva na tu amuurtH| yadi zabda AkAzaguNaH syAt tadA amUrtaH syAt na ca zabdastAdRza iti zabdo naakaashgunnH|aymevaasyaaH kArikAyAH aashyH| 'egadavvasiA guNA'-isa Agamavacana ke anusAra guNa guNI meM rahatA hai| vaha guNa samavAyasambandha se rahatA hai| samavAya nitya sambandha hai| isalie guNaguNI kA nitya sambandha hai| jisa dravya kA jo guNa hotA hai vaha guNa apane dravya ke guNa ke samAna guNavAn hotA hai, jaise-jala kA guNa zItasparza hai| yaha zIta sparza jala ko kabhI nahIM chodd'taa| yadi zItalatA kabhI jala ko chor3a de athavA candramA ko chor3a de to usameM guNaguNi-bhAva ho hI nahIM sktaa| isIlie kArikA meM likhA gayA hai ki jisakA jo guNa hotA hai vaha usI ke tulyadharma vAlA hotA hai| jo padArtha jisakA guNa hotA hai vaha guNI ke tulyadharma vAlA hI hotA hai| jaise-AtmA amUrta hai, usakA guNa jJAna bhI amUrta hai, isalie jJAna aura AtmA kA guNaguNibhAva yukta hI hai| isa sthiti meM nyAyadarzana meM AkAza kA lakSaNa karate hue jo kahA gayA hai-'zabdaguNakamAkAzam' arthAt zabda hI jisakA guNa hai vahI AkAza hai, yaha kahanA yukta nahIM hai, kyoMki AkAza amUrta hai, isalie usakA guNa bhI amUrta honA caahie| usakA guNa zabda 1. tarkasaMgrahaH pR. 11 / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #108
jainanyAyapaJcAzatI amUrta nahIM hai| zabda to pudgalasamUha hai aura vaha sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNayukta hotA hai| isa prakAra lakSaNavAlA pudgalasamUha zabda mUrta hI hai, amUrta nahIM hai| yadi zabda AkAza kA guNa hotA to amUrta hotA / zabda vaisA (amUrta) nahIM hai, isalie vaha AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai| yahI isa kArikA kA Azaya hai| (41) zabdo na AkAzaguNaH ityeva draDhayatizabda AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai, isako puSTa kara rahe haiM tadguNatvAdamUrtatvezrAvaNatvaM na tasya yuk| jJAnasyAtIndriyasyaiva viSayo'mUrtatA ytH||41|| AkAza amUrta hai| yadi zabda usakA guNa hai to vaha bhI amUrta hogaa| amUrta zruti kA viSaya nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki amUrta atIndriya jJAna kA hI viSaya banatA hai| nyAyaprakAzikA nyAyadarzanAbhimataMzabdasyAkAzaguNatvaM nirAkurvan kathayati kArikAkAro yat na AkAzaguNaH zabdaH sa ca paudgliko'sti| paudgalikapracayatvAt zabdo muurtH| mUrtaH zabdo'mUrtasyAkAzasya guNaH kathaM syAt? amUrtasya guNo'mUrta eva bhavatIti AkAzaguNatvAya zabdasya amUrtatvaM svIkriyate cet tanna yuktm| yato hi yadi zabdo'mUrta iti svIkriyate tadA sa zrutiviSayo na syaat| asyAM sthitau zrotragrAhyo guNaH zabdaH' iti zabdasya paribhASA arthahInA bhvissyti| ata eva amUrta padArthAH indriyapratyakSaviSayA naiva bhavanti, mUrtAstu indriyprtykssvissyaaH| tasmAt mUrtaHzabdo na AkAzaguNa ityeva pakSaH saadhiiyaan| nyAyadarzana kA abhimata hai ki zabda AkAza kA guNa hai| usakA nirAkaraNa . karate hue kArikAkAra kaha rahe haiM ki zabda AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai, vaha paudgalika hai| pudgala samUha hone ke kAraNa zabda mUrta hai / mUrta zabda amUrta AkAza kA guNa kaise ho sakatA hai? amUrta kA guNa amUrta hI hotA hai, isalie AkAza kA guNa hone ke lie zabda ko amUrta svIkAra kiyA jAe, vaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi zabda ko For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #109
92 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI amUrta svIkAra kiyA jAe to vaha zruti kA viSaya nahIM ho sktaa| isa sthiti meM 'zrotragrAhyo guNaH zabdaH' zrotragrAhya zabda guNa hai, yaha zabda kI paribhASA arthahIna ho jaaegii| isalie amUrta padArtha indriyapratyakSa ke viSaya nahIM hote, mUrta padArtha indriyapratyakSa ke viSaya hote haiN| isalie mUrta zabda AkAza kA guNa nahIM hai, yahI pakSa yukta hai| (42) sAmprataM zabdatulyasya dhvanerapi rUpavatvaM paudgalikatvaJca sAdhayati aba zabda ke samAna dhvani kA bhI rUpavatva aura paudgalikatva siddha kara rahe haiM - rUpavat paudgalikatvaM ninadasyApi setsyti| gRhItizca sthitiryantre dvayorapi samA ytH||42|| . zabda rUpavAn hai aura paudgalika hai| zabda kI taraha dhvani bhI rUpavAn aura paudgalika siddha hogI, kyoMki yantra meM zabda aura dhvani donoM kA hI grahaNa aura sthirIkaraNa samAna hotA hai| nyAyaprakAzikA zabdo rUpavAn paudgalikazcAsti tathaiva dhvanirapi rUpavAn paudglikshcaasti| ubhAvapi varNagandharasasparzavantau pudgalAnAM pracayau stH| yathAzabdo mUrto'sti dhvanirapi tathA muurtH| dvayoH na kApi asamAnatA dRshyte| ___ AkAze kenApi prakAreNa samutpannaH kSobho vAyutaraGgairAkRSyamANaH karNa yAvadupetya zrutigocaro bhavati athavA bhavituM zaknoti sa shbdH| sa ca dvividhaH-varNAtmako dhvnyaatmkshc|svryntrjnyH zabdo varNAtmakaH, tAlalayamRdaGgAdiprAdurbhUtaH zabdo dhvnyaatmkshc| ____ yathA dUrabhASAdiyantreSu zabdA gRhyante sthirIkriyante ca tathaiva dhvnyo'pi| yantrANi tu kevalaM mUrtazabdAn dhvanIn caiva grahItuMzaknuvanti na tu amuurtdrvyaanni| zabdA dhvanayazca mUrtAH snti| ata eva pudgalAdanyat srvmmuurtmevaasti| anena spaSTamidaM yat zabdadhvanyorubhayorgrahaNaM sthirIkaraNaM ca tulyaM bhavatItyAzayaH prstutkaarikaayaaH| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #110
93 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI zabda rUpavAn hai aura paudgalika hai vaise hI dhvani bhI rUpavAn aura paudgalika hai| donoM varNagandharasa aura sparzayukta haiM aura pudgalasamUha haiN| jaise zabda mUrta hai vaise dhvani bhI mUrta hai| donoM meM koI bhI asamAnatA dikhAI nahIM detii| kisI bhI prakAra se AkAza meM utpanna kSobha vAyutaraMgoM ke dvArA AkRSTa hokara kAna taka jAkara sunAI par3e athavA sunAI par3a sake vaha zabda kahalAtA hai| vaha zabda do prakAra kA hotA hai-varNAtmaka aura dhvnyaatmk| svarayantra se utpanna zabda varNAtmaka hotA hai tathA tAlalayamRdaMgAdi se utpanna zabda dhvnyaatmk| ___jaise dUrabhASa Adi yantroM meM zabdoM kA grahaNa aura sthirIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI dhvaniyoM kA bhI yantroM meM grahaNa aura sthirIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| yantra to kevala mUrta zabdoM athavA mUrta dhvaniyoM ko hI grahaNa kara sakate haiM, amUrta dravyoM ko nhiiN| zabda aura dhvaniyAM mUrta hotI hai| isalie pudgala ke sivAya saba padArtha amUrta hI haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki zabda aura dhvani donoM kA grahaNa aura sthirIkaraNa samAna hotA hai, yaha prastutakArikA kA Azaya hai| (43) samprati tamaso dravyatvaM sAdhayatiaba tama kA dravyatva siddha kara rahe haiM - pudgalAtmatamo bhAsAM nAbhAvo nyaaysNgtH| .. tattve'pi dravyatAsuSya muSyate kena dasyunA // 43 // ___ aMdhakAra paudgalika hai| vaha prakAza kA abhAva hai, aisA mAnanA nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai| aisA hone para bhI kauna cora usake dravyatva ko curA sakatA hai| nyAyaprakAzikA tamaH paudglikmsti| yatra sparza-rasa-gandha-varNAH tiSThanti sa eva pudgalaH / tamasi nIlavarNavattA kRSNavarNavattA vA spaSTaM dRzyate / 1. sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH, (tattvArthasUtram 5/23) / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #111
94 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI zItasparzavatvamapi tatrAnubhUyata ev| evaJca sparzavarNayostatra udbhUtatve'pi rasagandhayostu anudbhUtatvamiti caturNA sparza-rasa-gandha-varNAnAmAzrayastamaH paudgalikamiti na sNshyH| taccedaM tamo guNaparyAyAzrayatvAt dravyamiti kthyte| nyAyadarzane'pi guNakriyAzrayo dravyamiti paribhASitaM drvym| guNapadenanyAyadarzane rUparasagandhAdayaH caturviMzatiguNA gRhynte| kriyApadena ca gamana-pacana-calanAdikriyA gRhynte| etadvayaM yatra tiSThati tadeva dravyamiti nyaaydrshne| tamasaH kRte bhavati etAdRzaH prayogaH 'nIlaM tamazcalati" iti| atra nIlapadena tamaso rUpavatvaM tathA calati padena tasya kriyAvatvaM spaSTameva prtiiyte| anayA rItyA tamaso dravyatvaM pratipAdayadapi nyAyadarzanaM tamaso viSaye saMdihAnaM kathayati yat tamo na drvym| idantu tejso'bhaavruupmev| etanmataM nirAkurvan brUte granthakAraH yat tamo hi bhAsAm-tejasAm abhAvo naasti| yaH paudgalikaH guNAzrayaH kriyAzrayazca tasya dravyatvamapAkartuM naiva shkyte| yadi kathyate yat nyAyadarzanAbhimateSu navadravyeSu yasmin kasmiMzcid dravye tamaso'ntarbhAvaH kriytaam| kAvazyakatA tamasaH sviikaarsyeti| kintu kthnmidmpyyuktmev| yato hi AkAzakAladigAtmamanaHsu rUparahiteSu paJcadravyeSu rUpavatastamaso'ntarbhAvo yatnasahasreNApyazakya ev| evaM nirgandhatamaso gandhavatyAM pRthivyAmapyantarbhAvo'zakya ev| zItoSNasparzavato: jalatejasorapi sparzavihInasya tamaso naantrbhaavH| rUparahitasparzavati vAyAvapi rUpavatastamasaH kathamapi naantrbhaavH| tasmAt tama ekaM dravyamiti na visNvaadH| yadapyucyate tamasi calana kriyA dIpApasaraNaprayuktA na tu vAstavikI ityapi kathanaM naH pakSameva dRDhIkaroti, yato hi dIpApasaraNena kimapi dravyameva calituM zaknoti na tu kimapi zUnyaM tttvm| tamasi nIlatvapratIti (ntiriti kathanamapi ayuktameva yatohi sadRze vastunyeva tatsadRzasya bhramo bhvti| rajjau sarpa iv| na cAtra tatheti atra bhramakathanaM mudhaiv| 1. tarka saMgraha nyAyabodhinI, pR. 38 / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #112
jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 95 tama paudgalika hai| jahAM sparza, rasa, varNa aura gandha rahatA hai, vaha pudgala hai / tama meM nIlA yA kRSNa varNa spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| zIta sparza kI anubhUti vahAM hotI hI hai| isa prakAra sparza aura varNa to vahAM udbhUta haiM tathA rasa aura gandha vahAM anudbhUta haiN| isa prakAra sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa- ina cAroM kA Azraya tama paudgalika hai / isameM koI saMzaya nahIM hai / isa prakAra yaha tama guNa aura paryAya kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa dravya kahA jAtA hai| nyAyadarzana meM guNa aura kriyA ke Azraya ko dravya kahA jAtA hai - guNakriyAzrayo dravyam yahAM guNa pada se rUpa rasa gandha, sparza Adi caubIsa guNoM kA tathA kriyApada se gamana, calana Adi kriyAoM kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke guNa aura kriyA ke Azraya ko dravya kahA jAtA hai| tama ke lie kahA jAtA hai ki 'nIlaM namazcalati' arthAt nIlA aMdherA cala rahA hai| yahAM nIlapada se tama kI rUpavattA tathA 'calati' isa pada se usakI kriyAvattA kI pratIti hotI hai| isa prakAra ke vivecana se tama ke dravyatva kA pratipAdana karane vAlA nyAyadarzana tama ke viSaya meM sandeha karatA huA kahatA hai ki tama dravya nahIM hai| vaha to teja kA abhAva rUpa haiN| isa mata kA nirAkaraNa karate hue AcArya kaha rahe haiM ki tama teja kA abhAva nahIM hai| jo paudgalika hai aura guNa tathA kriyA kA Azraya hai usake dravyatva kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| usake dravyatva kA muJcana kauna kara sakatA hai yadi kahA jAe ki nyAyadarzana ke abhimata nau dravyoM ke antargata jisa kisI dravya meM tama kA antarbhAva kara dene se jaba kArya cala sakatA hai, taba dazavAM dravya tama ko mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? kintu uparyukta kathana ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki nava dravyoM meM AkAza, kAla, dik, AtmA aura mana-ina pAMca arUpI dravyoM meM rUpavAn tama kA antarbhAva yatnasahasra se bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra nirgandha tama kA antarbhAva gandhavatI pRthvI meM bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra zIta sparza vAle jala tathA uSNa sparza vAle teja meM bhI sparzavihIna tama kA antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / rUparahita sparzavAn vAyu meM bhI rUparahita tama kA antarbhAva nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki tama eka dravya hai| isake viparIta tama ko dravya na mAnane vAloM kA kahanA hai ki tama meM jo calana kriyA kI pratIti hotI hai vaha dIpaka ke apasaraNa prayukta haiN| isa bAta ke uttara meM tama ke dravyavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki uparyukta kathana se tama ko dravya For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #113
96 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI mAnane vAloM kA pakSa hI sudRr3ha hotA hai kyoMki itastataH apasaraNa se tama kA dravyatva honA puSTa hai kyoMki apasaraNa kisI dravya se hI hotA hai na ki nirjIva padArtha meM hotA hai| ___tama meM nIlatva kI pratIti bhrama hai| yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki sadRza vastu meM hI tat sadRza kA bhrama hotA hai jaise rajju meM sarpa kA bhrama hotA haiatasmiMstabuddhi' isa prakAra kI sthiti yahAM nahI hai| isa prakAra yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki nyAyadarzana ke anusAra tama dravya nahIM hai kintu vaha teja kA abhAva hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra to vaha dravya hai| yahAM yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki vinigamanA viraha ke kAraNa teja ko hI tama kA abhAva kyoM na mAna liyA jAe? kintu yaha kathana isalie ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki teja ko abhAva rUpa mAnane para uSNa sparza kA adhiSThAna kauna hogA? abhI to teja hI uSNa sparza kA adhiSThAna hai| isa prakAra uSNa sparza kA AdhAra tama dravya hai yaha bAta siddha hotI hai| (44) dRSTAntadvArA tamaso dravyatvaM sAdhayatidRSTAnta ke dvArA tama kA dravyatva siddha kara rahe haiM yathA jale'nalAbhAvo jlaabhaavstthaa'nle| parasparamabhAve'pi dravyatApi dvyorpi||44|| jaise jala meM agni kA abhAva hai vaise hI agni meM jala kA abhAva hai| paraspara eka dUsare kA abhAva hone para bhI donoM kA dravyatva siddha hai| nyAyaprakAzikA jle'gnirnaasti| tasmAdagnipratiyogikAbhAvAdhikaraNaM jlmityucyte| evameva agnAvapi jalaM nAsti iti pratItyA jalapratiyogikAbhAvAdhikaraNamagniriti bhavati vyvhaarH| ektraaprsyaabhaave'pityordrvytvNsusthirmev| ekasyAbhAvena kasyApyaparasya maulikaM svarUpaMtatra na tiSThatIti kthnmyuktmev| 1. vivekacUDAmaNi, pR. 47, zlo. 140 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI tamasi tejaso'bhAvo'sti, tathApi tejaso'bhAvAt tamaso dravyatvaM kathaM na syAt? mA bhavatu tamasi tejaH kintu tatra tejaso'bhAvastamasaH dravyatvaM vihantuM kathamapi na samarthaH tasmAt tamaso nIlarUpavatvAt guNAzrayatvaM tathA calanakriyAzrayatvAt ca kriyAzrayatvamiti guNakriyAzrayo dravyamiti nyAyazAstraparibhASitaM dravyatvaMtamasaH sutarAM siddhyti|jaindrshnaanusaarNtuvrnnsprshrsgndhvntH pudgalAH iti paribhASitaM paudgalikatvaM tamasi siddhmev| tatra varNasparzI tu udbhUtau stH| rasagandhau tu anubhUtau stH| __ jala meM agni nahIM hai, isaliye agni ke abhAva kA adhikaraNa jala hotA hai| isI prakAra agni meM bhI jala nahIM hotA hai| isa bodha se jala ke abhAva kA adhikaraNa agni hotA hai| eka jagaha dUsare kA abhAva hone para bhI donoM (jala aura agni) kA dravyatva susthira hotA hI hai| eka kA abhAva hone para kisI dUsare kA maulika svarUpa vahAM nahIM rahatA, yaha kahanA asaMgata hai| tama meM teja kA abhAva hai, tathApi teja ke abhAva meM tama kA dravyatva vahAM rahatA hI hai| tama meM teja kA abhAva rahatA hai to rahe, kintu vahAM teja kA abhAva tama ke dravyatva ko naSTa nahIM kara sakatA hai| isaliye tama ke nIlarUpa vAlA hone ke kAraNa vaha guNa kA Azraya hotA hai tathA calana kriyA kA Azraya hone se vaha kriyA kA Azraya hotA hai| isa prakAra "guNakriyAzrayodravyamiti" isa prakAra nyAyazAstra paribhASita dravyatva tama meM susthira hI rahatA hai| jaina darzanAnusAra tama paudgalika hai| yaha bAta pUrvakArikA meM spaSTa kara dI gaI hai| tamaso dravyatvaM puSTIkaroti tama ke dravyatva ko puSTa kara rahe haiM - kRSNamityupalabdhitvAd rUpavatvaM prsiddhyti| zItatvAt sparzavatvaJca tayoH pudgllkssnnaat|| 45 // aMdhakAra kAlA hai, yaha jJAna ho rahA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki vaha rUpavAn hai| vaha zItala hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki vaha sparzavAn hai| rUpa aura sparza donoM pudgala ke lakSaNa haiN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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98 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI nyAyaprakAzikA ___tamaH kRSNaM bhavatIti saarvjniino'nubhvH| etenedaM siddhayati yat tamo rUpavat astiiti| evameva iyamapyanubhUtirbhavati lokasya yat tamaH zItalaM bhvtiiti| etena idaM siddhayati yat tamaH sprshvdstiiti| anena prakAreNa idaM vijJAtaM bhavati yat tamasi rUpavattA sparzavattA ca vartata ev| rUpaM sparzazceti dvayamidaM pudgalasya lkssnnmsti|miimaaNsaa-drshnaanusaarNtmsi guNasya kriyAyAzca pratItyA tamo dravyamastIti na sNshyH| uktaJca guNakarmAdisadbhAvAdastIti prtibhaastH| pratiyogyasmRtezcaiva bhAvarUpaM dhruvaM tamaH // 'tama dravya hai isa bAta ko puSTa karate hue kaha rahe haiM ki tama (aMdherA) kAlA hotA hai-yaha sArvajanIna anubhava hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki tama rUpavAn hai| isI prakAra yaha bhI anubhUti hotI hai ki tama zItala hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha vidita hotA hai ki tama rUpavAn haiM tathA usakA sparza bhI hotA hai| rUpa aura sparza-ye donoM pudgala ke lakSaNa hai| tama meM ina donoM ke rahane ke kAraNa yaha bAta nirvivAda hai ki tama paudgalika haiN| mImAMsA darzana ke anusAra tama meM guNa aura kriyA kI pratIti hotI hai| isake liye prayoga hotA hai ki nIlA aMdherA calatA hai| yahAM nIla vizeSaNa ke dvArA tama kI rUpavattA tathA calana kriyA se usakI kriyAvattA kI pratIti hotI hI hai| guNa aura kriyA ke Azraya ko dravya kahA jAtA hai| isa rIti se tama kI dravyatA asaMdigdha hai| kahA bhI gayA hai guNakarmAdisadabhAvAdastIti prtibhaastH| pratiyogyasmRtezcaiva bhAvarUpaM dhruvaM tmH|| . (46) tamaso dravyatvaM draDhayatitama ke dravyatva ko puSTa kara rahe haiN| 1. mAnameyodayaH, pR. 152, shlo.8|| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI svatantraH kRSNavarNo'pi nAbhAvo vrnnsNtteH| avarNatvAdamUrtatvaM mUrtAmUrtabhideva kaa|| 46 / / kRSNa varNa bhI svatantra hai| varNasantati (Spectram) kA abhAva nahIM hai| jisakA varNa nahIM hai vaha amUrta hotA hai| avarNa amUrta kA lakSaNa hai| yadi kRSNa varNa mUrta hai, phira usako varNa na mAnA jAya to mUrta aura amUrta kA antara hI kyA rahegA? nyAyaprakAzikA tamaH ekaM dravyaM padArtho jaindrshnaabhimtm|atr ca mAnaM nIlaM tamazcalati' iti vyavahAra ev| nyAyaparamparAyAM tamaso dravyatvaM naiva sviikRtm| tatra yA gamanakriyApratItiH sA tu dIpApasaraNakriyA prayuktA aupAdhikI natu vaastvikii| tasmAt tamo na dravyamiti tnmtm| tat khaNDayan likhatyatra yat-tamasi yA nIlarUpapratItiH sA tu vAstavikI naM tu aupaadhikii| tatra kRSNavarNaH svtntro'sti|ttr varNasantata:-raGgaparaMparAyA abhAvo naasti|ytr varNasantaterabhAvo bhavati tad vastu amuurtmityucyte| .. ___ avarNatvam-varNa rahitatvaM, raGgarahitatvaM vA amUrtasya lkssnnmsti| yatra avarNatvaM tatra tatra amUrtatvam kRSNavarNastu mUrta ev| sarvaM dRzyata eva tamasi kRssnnvrnnH| asyAM sthitau labdhasattAkasya kRSNavarNasya varNatvaM yadi nasvIkriyate tadA mUrtAmUrtayoH ko bhedaH? mUrtasyAmUrtasya ca bhedako varNa (raGga) eva bhvti| yatra varNavatvaM tatra mUrtatvam, yatra ca varNarahitatvaM ttraamuurttvm| yadi satyapi varNe tasya varNatvaM na svIkriyate tadA mUrtAmUrtayorantaraM kim? asati varNe kAlo'mUrtastathA satyapi kRSNavarNe tamo'pi amUrtamiti cintanIyo vissyHsyaat| tasmAt tamasaH kRSNavarNatvAt dravyatvaM sviikrnniiymev| tama dravya hai, yaha bAta jainadarzanAbhimata hai| isa bAta kI siddhi ke liye, nIlaM tamazcalati' yaha ukti prastuta kI jAtI hai| yahAM nIla pada se tama ke varNa kI tathA calana kriyA se usake karmavattA kI pratIti hotI hai| isa prakAra guNa aura kriyA kA Azraya hone se tama dravya hai yaha bAta siddha hotI hai| nyAyadarzana ke anusAra tama ko dravya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| inakA kahanA hai ki tama meM jo nIla rUpa kI pratIti hotI hai vaha bhrama hai, vAstavika nahIM hai| calana kriyA kI pratIti For Personal & Private Use Only

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100 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI jo tama meM hotI hai vaha dIpa ke apasAraNa prayukta hai| vaha bhI vAstavika nahIM hai| nyAyadarzana ke isa mata kA khaMDana karate hue kaha rahe haiM ki tama meM jo nIla rUpa kI pratIti hotI hai vaha vAstavika hai| jagat meM zuklAdi sAta prakAra ke varNa (raMga) meM nIla varNa bhI eka svatantra varNa hai| varNa paramparA kA abhAva bhI nahIM hai| jahAM varNa kA abhAva hotA hai, vaha vastu amUrta kahI jAtI hai, kyoMki avarNatvavarNarahitatva hI amUrta kA lakSaNa hai| yatra-yatra varNa rahitatvaM tatra ttraamuurttvm| yaha vyApti bhI yahAM banatI hai| kRSNa varNa to mUrta hI hai| yaha bAta sarvAnubhava siddha hai| aMdhere meM tama ko sabhI dekhate hI haiN| aisI sthiti meM jisakI sattA siddha hai usa tama kA astitva nahIM hai, aisA kahanA ucita nahIM hai| (47) samprati AtmanaH svarUpaM prastauti AtmA kA svarUpa prastuta kara rahe haiM AtmAsaMkhyapradezI syAt sarve jJAnamayAzca te| nopAdheH pratibimbatvaM syAdambhaMsIva himshruteH||47|| AtmA ke pradeza asaMkhya haiN| ve saba caitanyamaya haiN| jaise pAnI meM candramA kA pratibimba hotA hai vaise AtmA upAdhi kA pratibimba nahIM hai| nyAyaprakAzikA ___AtmA asaMkhyapradezI asti|atr saMkhyAtItAH pradezAH snti|ttr ko'yaM pradeza iti jijJAsAyAmucyate, yat asyAM jagatyAM sarvataH sUkSmamekaM niraGgatattvaM prmaannursti| paramANUnAM pracayaH skandhaH kthyte| tasya skandhasyApRthak bhUto'vibhAjyoMzaH pradezaH kthyte|etaadRshlkssnnlkssitairsNkhyaatprdeshaiH samanvita AtmA bhvti|te sarve pradezA jJAnamayAH snti| caitanyaM jnyaanmev| tasmAdAtmapradezA jJAnamayAzcaitanyayuktAzca santIti spaSTaM bhvti| - katipaye dArzanikA vadanti yat AtmA dvividho jIvAtmA paramAtmA c| anayojIvAtmA pratizarIraM vyAptaH paramAtmanaH prtibimbo'sti| asya caitanyaM paramAtmano labdhaMnatu svkiiym|jnyaanN caitanyaJca ekameva tttvm|tdpi paramAtmana For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 101 eva samprAptama / etat sarvaM nirAkurvan kathayati yat zarIravyApta AtmA kasyApyupAdheH pratibimbaM nAsti / tasya svakIyA sattA svatantrA / asyAM sthitau AtmA sopAdhikacaitanyasya paramAtmanaH pratibimbabhUto'sti iti kathanaM na bhAMti mnormm| jalacandrapratibimbasya nAtra sthitiH / mUrta padArthasyaiva bimba pratibimbabhAvaH / AtmA asaMkhya pradezI hai| isameM asaMkhya pradeza haiM / pradeza kise kahate haiM, isa prazna kA uttara dete hue kaha rahe haiM ki isa saMsAra meM sabase sUkSma eka tattva hai / vaha niravayava hotA hai ise paramANu kahA jAtA hai| paramANu ke pracaya (samUha) ko skandha kahate haiN| usake avibhAjya, apRthakMbhUta aMza ko pradeza kahate haiM / isa prakAra ke asaMkhyAta pradeza se samanvita AtmA hotA hai| AtmA ke sAre pradeza jJAnamaya hai| cetana aura jJAna donoM eka hI vastu hai / isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki Atmapradeza jJAnamaya tathA caitanya yukta hote haiM / kucha dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki AtmA do prakAra kA hotA hai - jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA / inameM prati zarIra meM vyApta jIva paramAtmA kA pratibimba hai / usakA caitanya paramAtmA se prApta hai / usakA jJAna svayaM kA na hokara paramAtmA se prApta hotA hai / ina saba bAtoM kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kaha rahe haiM ki zarIra vyApta AtmA kisI upAdhi kA pratibimba nahIM haiN| usakI sattA svataMtra hai / aisI sthiti meM AtmA sopAdhika caitanya (Izvara) kA pratibimba nahIM hai / isa prakAra AtmA kA asaMkhya pradezI honA yukta hI hai| (48) AtmanaH pratibimbatvaM nirAkaroti jIvAtmA ke pratibimbatva kA nirAkaraNa kara rahe haiM bhavettad vikriyAyAH sAmarthyamubhayostadA / anyathA kazmale toya tad bhAve'pi hi tanna kim ? 48 // jala meM pratibimba hotA hai, vaha pariNamana hai / usameM jala aura bimba donoM kA sAmarthya hai, anyathA malina jala meM bimba ke hone para bhI pratibimba kyoM nahIM hotA ? For Personal & Private Use Only

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102 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI nyAyaprakAzikA itaH pUrvazloke Atmano nAnAtvaM pratipAditamasti yat AtmAsaMkhyapradezI syAt sarve jJAnamayAzca te| tAtparyamidaM yat pratizarIraM bhinna AtmA bhvti|s ca jnyaanmyH| tadIyaM jJAnaM svakIyaM jJAnaM na tu kutazcit smaagtm| etadviparItam upalabhyate tattvamidaM yat ekameva caitanyaM bimbatvakrAntamIzvaracaitanyaM, pratibimbatvAnAntaM jiivcaitnym| bimbapratibimbakalpanopAdhiH ekajIvavAde avidyA, anekajIvavAde tu antaHkaraNAnyeva / __etanmataM nirAkurvan kathayati atra granthakAro yat AtmA anekapradezI bhvti| tasyAsaMkhyapradezAH snti| AtmA anekabheda bhinno jJAnamayo bhvti| tasya jJAnaM svakIyaM svataH siddhamasti na tu kasyApi bimbsy| jale candra iva nAsti atra bimbprtibimbbhaavH| tatra tujale yaddRzyate tattuna pratibimbam, kintu tattu ekaM prinnmnmsti| asmin pariNamane svacchajalasya tathA candrasya cetyubhayoH saamrthymsti|anythaa yadi evaM na syAt tadA kazmale-maline jale candrasya sattve'pi kathaM na patati pratibimbam? vastutastu na yujyate'tra bimbprti-bimbbhaavH| kAraNaJcAsyedameva yat bimbapratibimba bhAvastu rUpavatoreva bhavati, yathA darpaNe mukhasya patati prtibimbm|n caiSA sthitivarttate jiiveshvryo|imau dvAvapyamUrtI / nahi amUrtasthale bhavati bimbprtibimbbhaavH| tasmAt kathana-midamayuktameva yat jIva Izvarasya prtibimbmstiiti|jiivo'pisvtntrsttaako jnyaanvaan|jle yat dRzyate pratibimbaM tatra pariNamanamAtramevAstIti tttvm| ata eva satyapi bimbe candre jalaM ca malinaM tatra na bhavati prinnmnm| ato nAtra pratibimba iti atratyaH saarH| isase pUrvazloka meM AtmA ke nAnAtva kI bAta kahI gaI hai ki AtmA asaMkhyapradezI hai| arthAt AtmA ke asaMkhya pradeza haiN| ve saba jJAnamaya haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA prati zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna hai| vaha AtmA jJAnamaya hai| usakA 1. vedAntaparibhASAH gajAnanazAstrI musalagAMva kara, pR. 356 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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103 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI jJAna apanA hai| vaha kahIM se AyA huA nahIM hai| usake viparIta darzanAntara meM yaha bAta upalabdha hotI hai ki eka hI caitanya hai| vaha bimbasvarUpa hai| vaha Izvara hai| bimbabhAvApanna caitanya Izvara hai aura pratibimbabhAvApanna caitanya jIva hai| bimba aura pratibimba kA AdhAra upAdhi hai| upAdhi eka jIvavAda meM avidyA yA mAyA hai aura aneka jIvavAda meM anta:karaNa hotA hai| isa mata kA nirAkaraNa karate hue AcArya kaha rahe haiM ki AtmA aneka pradezI hai| arthAt AtmA kA nAnAtva hai| AtmA kaI pradeza vAlA hai| ve saba jJAnamaya haiN| usakA jJAna svakIya jJAna hai| vaha kahIM anya se prApta jJAna nahIM hai| jala aura candra kI bhAMti yahAM bimba-pratibambabhAva nahIM hotA hai| vaha to mUrta padArthoM meM hI hotA hai| jaise-candra mUrta hai tathA jala bhI mUrta hai| yahAM to bimbapratibimbabhAva to saMbhava hai, kintu mahAprajJajI kA kahanA hai ki bimbapratibimbabhAva yahAM nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha to mUrta padArthoM kA hI hotA hai| yahAM to kevala pariNamanamAtra hai| (49) samprati lakSaNasya svarUpaM tadAbhAsAMzca vaktumupakramateisa samaya lakSya aura lakSaNAbhAsa kA varNana kara rahe haiM - samAkIrNapadArthAnAM vyaavRttirhetulkssnnm| lakSaNAbhAsatA tredhA kIrtitA tttvvidvraiH||49|| . saMkIrNapadArthoM kI vyAvRtti kA jo hetu hai vaha lakSaNa hai| nyAya ke vizeSajJa vidvAnoM ne lakSaNAbhAsa ke tIna prakAra batalAye haiN| nyAyaprakAzikA militAnAmanekeSAM padArthAnAM madhye ekasya padArthasya tasmAt / samudAyaghaTakAnyasmAt padArthAt pRthakkaraNaM vyAvRttilakSaNasya pryojnm| yathA jainadarzane jIvAjIvAtmakasya padArthanavAtmakasya madhye jIvasya lakSaNaM kRtaM vartate-'cetanAlakSaNo jIvaH' iti| anena jIvasya lakSaNena jIvapadArtho'jIvAdibhyaH padArthebhyaH pRthak bhvti| evaM lakSaNalakSita eva jIvo For Personal & Private Use Only

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104 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI vyavahAraprayojako bhavati / anena prakAreNedaM siddhaM bhavati yat lakSaNadvArA ekaH padArthaH padArthAntarebhyaH pRthak bhUtvA vyavahAraM sAdhayati / taduktamvyAvRttirvyavahArovA lakSaNasya prayojanam iti / tathA cAtrocyate - jIvaH ajIvAdipadArthabhinnaH cetanAvatvAt / anena prakAreNa jIvapadArthasya anyebhyaH padArthebhyaH pArthakyaM bhavati / nyAyadarzane'pi pRthivyAH lakSaNamitthaM kRtaM vartate gandhavatI pRthivI iti / atra pRthivI lakSyA gandhavatvaM ca tadIyaM lakSaNam / anena gandhavatvalakSaNena pRthvI itara padArthebhyaH pRthak kriyate / yathA - pRthivI itarabhinnA gandhavatvAt / anena prakAreNa yasya kasyApi padArthasya padArthAntarebhyaH pRthakkaraNaM vyavahAraprayojakatvaMca lakSaNasya prayojanaM veditavyam / tadetallakSaNaprasaGge lakSaNAbhAsA api santi varNitA atra / yathA ahetutve'pi hetuvat pratIyamAnA hetvAbhAsA bhavanti, tathaiva alakSaNe'pi lakSaNavat pratIyamAnA lakSaNA bhAsA bhavanti / lakSaNAbhAso duSTaM doSayuktaM vA lakSaNaM bhavati / tatra lakSaNAbhAsasya trayo bhedA bhavanti / te ca ittham avyAptaH, ativyAptaH asaMbhavI ca / tatrAvyApto nAma-lakSyaikadezavRttirbhavati / tAtparyamidaM yat yallakSaNaM lakSaNasya ekadeze ekasminneva lakSye gacchet, anyasmin ca na gacchet tallakSaNam avyAptanAmako lakSaNAbhAsaH / lakSaNena pratyekaM lakSye gantavyaM, kintu avyAptanAmako lakSaNAbhAsastu lakSyANAM madhye kvacidekasminneva lakSye gacchati na tu sarvasmin lakSye / yathA pazorlakSaNaM viSANitvaM kriyate cet idaM lakSaNaM gomahiSyAdiSu gacchadapi viSANarahite vyAghrahastyAdiSu na yAsyatIti lakSaNamidam avyAptalakSaNAbhAsapadenocyate / yallakSaNaM lakSye alakSye ceti ubhayatra gacchati tallakSaNam ativyAptalakSaNAbhAsa ityucyte| lakSyavRttitve sati alakSyavRttitvamiti tadIyaM lakSaNam / yathA-vAyorlakSaNaM gatimatvaM kriyate cedidaM lakSaNaM vAyorbhinneSu manuSyapazvAdiSu sarveSu gatimatpadArtheSu api yAsyati / tasmAt lakSyavRttittve sati lakSyetaravRttittvarUpo'tivyAptalakSaNAbhAso'yam / asambhavI lakSaNAbhAso'sAvucyate yo hi lakSyamAtre na gacchet / tAtparyamidaM yat yallakSaNamekasmin api lakSye na yAyAt tallakSaNamasaMbhavInAmA For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI lakSaNAbhAsa iti veditavyam / yathA 'gorlakSaNaM yadi kriyate' ekazaphavatvaM gorlakSaNamiti tadedaM lakSaNaM gomAtre na yAsyati / kAraNaM ca idamatra yat goH zaphaH - khuro dvidhAvibhakto bhavati / na ca goreko zapho bhavati kadAcit / ato lakSaNamidaM lakSyamAtre naiva gacchatIti asambhavIlakSaNAbhAso'yam / evameva pudgalasya lakSaNaM kriyate yadi 'caitanyaM pudgalasya lakSaNa-miti' tadedamapi lakSaNam asambhavI lakSaNAbhAsa eva / tasmAt kasyApi vastuno lakSaNaM tAdRzaM vidheyaM yat lakSaNA-bhAsarahitaM vizuddhaM syAt / 105 sammilita aneka padArthoM ke bIca eka padArtha ko anya padArthoM se pRthak karanA lakSaNa kA prayojana hai / lakSaNa ke dvArA padArtha ke svarUpa ko jAnakara hI vyavahAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| lakSaNa ke binA padArtha kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA aura padArtha ke jJAna ke abhAva meM usase vyavahAra bhI nahIM ho sakatA isaliye padArthoM kA lakSaNa atyAvazyaka hai| jaise jainadarzana meM jIva ajIva Adi nau padArthoM ke antargata jIva padArtha kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai ki " cetanAlakSaNo jIvaH " arthAt caitanya hI jIva kA lakSaNa hai| jIva ke isa lakSaNa ke dvArA jIva padArtha ajIva Adi padArthoM se pRthak ho jAtA hai| isa lakSaNa vAlA jIva hI jIvatva ke vyavahAra kA sAdhaka hotA hai / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki lakSaNa ke dvArA eka padArtha padArthAntara se pRthak hokara vyavahAra kA sAdhaka hotA hai| isIliye kahA jAtA hai ki ' vyAvRtti rvyavahAro vA lakSaNasya prayojanam' isI AdhAra para kahA jAtA hai ki 'jIvaH ajIvAdipadArthabhinnaH cetanAvatvAt ' - isa prakAra jIva kA ajIvAdi padArthoM se pArthakya hotA hai| nyAyadarzana meM pRthvI kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki "gandhavatI pRthvI" yahAM pRthvI lakSya hai aura gandhavatva usakA lakSaNa hai| isa lakSaNa se pRthvI anya padArthoM se pRthak kI jAtI hai| yahAM isa prakAra kA vAkya prayoga hotA hai ki pRthvI itarabhinnA gandhavatvAt / isI prakAra kisI bhI padArtha kA padArthAntara se pRthak karanA vyavahAra kA prayojaka hotA hai / lakSaNa ke isa prasaMga meM lakSaNAbhAsa ke Upara bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra hetu na hone para bhI jo hetu kI bhAMti pratIta ho unheM hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM usI prakAra jo lakSaNa na hote hue bhI lakSaNa kI bhAMti pratIta ho unheM For Personal & Private Use Only

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106 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI lakSaNAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai| lakSaNAbhAsa kA artha hai-jisa lakSaNa meM doSa ho athavA doSayukta lkssnn| - lakSaNAbhAsa ke tIna bheda hote haiM-avyApta, ativyApta aura asNbhvii| inameM avyApta lakSaNAbhAsa vaha hotA hai jo lakSya ke madhya kisI eka lakSya meM hI jAya, sabhI meM na jaay| jaise pazu kA lakSaNa yadi viSANItvam kiyA jAya to yaha lakSaNa sIMga vAle pazu gAya bhaiMsa meM calA jAyegA, kintu hAthI, ghor3A Adi sIMga vihIna pazu meM nahIM jaayegaa| lakSaNa ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha lakSya mAtra meM jAya, kintu jo lakSya mAtra meM nahIM jAtA vaha to avyApta lakSaNAbhAsa hI hai|.. . jo lakSaNa lakSya aura alakSya donoM jagaha calA jAya use ati vyApta lakSaNAbhAsa kahate haiN| jaise vAyu kA lakSaNa yadi gatimatva kiyA jAya arthAt jisameM gati ho vaha vAyu hai to yaha lakSaNa ativyApta lakSaNAbhAsa kahA jAyegA, kyoMki yaha lakSaNa lakSya vAyu meM jAne ke sAtha alakSya vAyu se bhinna manuSyAdi gatimAna meM bhI calA jAne ke kAraNa ati vyApta ho jAtA hai| asaMbhavI lakSaNAbhAsa use kahate haiM jo lakSaNa lakSyamAtra meM na jaay| jaise gAya kA lakSaNa yadi 'eka zaphavatvam' kiyA jAya arthAt jise eka khura ho use gAya kahate haiM to yaha lakSaNa gomAtra meM nahIM jAtA hai, kyoMki gAya ke khura do hote haiM na ki, ek| isaliye yaha asaMbhavI lakSaNAbhAsa hai| isI prakAra pudgala kA lakSaNa yadi caitanya kara diyA jAya to yaha bhI asaMbhavI lakSaNAbhAsa hogA, kyoMki pudgala jar3a hai| ve cetana nahIM hote| isaliye lakSaNa aisA banAnA cAhiye jo doSarahita hI ho| (50) samprati chAyAyA dravyatvaM sAdhayatichAyA dravya hai, isa bAta ko siddha kara rahe haiM chAyA dravyaM kriyAvattvAt chAyA yAtIti prtyyaat| kriyAvattvaM bhramo jJAnajanyazcAsaMbhavo'pi c||50|| chAyA dravya haiM, kyoMki usameM kriyA hotI hai| chAyA jA rahI hai| draSTA ko yaha pratyaya hotA hai| chAyA meM kriyA hai, yaha bhrama hai| vaha jJAnajanya hai, isaliye vahAM bhrama honA asaMbhava hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI nyAyaprakAzikA pratibimbeti nAmnA khyAtA chAyA ekamaparihAryaM tattvam / iyaM bimbAnusAriNI bhavati / dArzanika jagati khyAteSu dravyAdi padArtheSu chAyA kimAtmiketi prazne uttarayati AcAryoM yat chAyA dravyamasti, kriyAvatvAt / tAtparyAmidaM yat chAyAyAM kriyA asti tasmAt kriyAzrayatvAt chAyA dravyamasti kintu kevalaM kriyAzrayatvameva na dravyatva sAdhakaM kintu kriyayA saha tatra guNasyApi sthitirapi apekSitA bhavati / chAyA kRSNavarNeti lokaprasiddham / anena prakAreNa kRSNa-varNarUpaguNAzrayatvAt gamamacalanAdikriyAzrayatvAcca chAyA dravyamiti susthiram / 107 gamanakartrA saha gacchantIM chAyAM dRSTavA kathyate loke chAyA gacchati yAtIti vA / anena prakAreNa pratyakSa pramANadeva yadyapi chAyAyA dravyatvaM siddhyati tathApi katipayairvidvadbhiranumAnenApi sAdhayanti chAyAyA dravyatvam / taccettham chAyA dravyam-kriyAvatvAt / ayaM tu dravyatvakriyAvatvayoH anvaya-vyAptiH vyatireka vyAtizca sulabhA / yathA - "yatra yatra kriyAvatvaM tatra tatra dravyatvam ityanvayavyAptiH / yatra yatra dravyatvAbhAvastatra tatra kriyAvatvAbhAvaH " iti vyatireka vyAptirapi bhavati anumiti prayojikA / atra kecana vadanti yad chAyAyAM yat kriyAvatvaM pratIyate tat sarvaM bhramAtmakameva na tu vAstavikam kintu kathanamidaM na yuktam / kAraNaJcAsyedameva yat tatra yA gamana pratItirbhavati sA jJAnajanyA arthAt pratyakSa jJAnajanyAvartate / tasmAdatra bhramastu asaMgata eva / atredamAlocanIyaM vartate yad jJAnajanyaM yat kimapi bhavati tat sarvaM yadi pramaiva tarhi zuktau rajatasya rajjau vA sarpasya jJAnaM pramA kathaM na syAt ? atrocyaterajjau sarpasthalAt bhinnam atratyaM sthalam / atra tu adhiSThAnaM rajjurasti adhiSTheyazca srpH| pazcAjjAte tathyasAkSAtkAre nAyaM sarpaH ityevaM rUpeNa pUrvajJAnasya bAdhanaM bhavati atra tu rajjuvat bhramAdhiSThAnaM kimapi nAsti / atra tu kevalaM gamanakriyAkartRtvaM chAyAyAmeva vartate / For Personal & Private Use Only

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108 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI pratibimba nAma se khyAta chAyA eka aparihArya tattva hai| yaha bimba ke anusAra hotI hai| dArzanika jagat meM prasiddha dravyAdi sAta padArthoM meM chAyA kauna padArtha hai? isa prazna ke uttara meM AcArya kaha rahe haiM ki chAyA dravya hai, kyoMki isameM kriyA hai| isaliye kriyAvatvAt chAyA dravya hai, kintu yaha kahanA isaliye saMgata nahIM hai ki kevala kriyAvAn kA honA dravyatva kA sAdhaka nahIM hai kintu kriyA ke sAtha guNa kI sthiti bhI vahAM apekSita hotI hai| chAyA kRSNavarNa kI hotI hai yaha bAta lokaprasiddha hai| isa prakAra kRSNavarNa rUpa guNAzrayatvAt tathA gamanacalanAdi kriyAzrayatvAt ca chAyA dravyamiti susthirm| gamanakartA ke sAtha jAtI huI chAyA ko dekhakara loka meM kahA jAtA hai ki chAyA jAtI hai| isa prakAra pratyakSa pramANa se chAyA kA dravyatva siddha hai tathApi katipaya vidvAn anumAna se bhI chAyA kA dravyatva siddha karate haiN| vaha isa prakAra hotA hai ki chAyA dravya hai kyoMki usameM kriyA tathA guNa hai| guNakriyA-zrayodravyamguNa aura kriyA kA Azraya dravya hI hotA hai| chAyA meM guNa aura kriyA ke rahane ke kAraNa usakA dravyatva asaMdigdha hai| guNa aura kriyAtva ke sAtha dravyatva kI anvaya tathA vyatireka-ye donoM vyApti sulabha haiM / saMskRta vyAkhyA meM isa bAta ko vidhivat spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai| isa prasaMga meM kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki chAyA meM jisa kriyAvatva kI pratIti kI bAta kahI jAtI hai vaha vAstavika nahIM hai, kintu vaha bhramAtmaka hai| bhramAtmaka jJAna ke AdhAra para chAyA ko dravya kahanA ucita nahIM hai| chAyA ke dravyavAdiyoM ne isa kathana ko mAnyatA nahIM dI hai| inakA kahanA hai chAyA meM jisa kriyAvatva kI pratIti hotI hai vaha pratyakSa jJAnajanya hai| jJAnajanya hone ke kAraNa vaha pramA (yathArthajJAna) hai, bhrama nahIM hai| yahAM yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai ki jJAnajanya jo kucha hotA hai vaha yadi pramA hI hai to zukti meM rajata jJAna ko pramA kyoM na mAnA jAya? isake uttara meM kahA jAtA hai ki zukti meM rajata athavA rajju meM sarpa ke sthala se chAyA kA sthala bhinna hai| vahAM to bhrama kA adhiSThAna rajju hai aura adhiSTheya sarpa hai| jaba vAstavika jJAna hotA hai taba vahAM kahA jAtA hai-'nAyaM srpH'| isa prakAra kA vAdya jJAna yahAM nahIM hotA hai| yahAM rajju kI bhAMti koI bhramAdhiSThAna nahIM hai| yahAM to kevala gamana kriyA katRtva chAyA meM hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI 109 samprati guroH prabhAvAtizayaM prastautiaba guru ke atizaya prabhAva ko prastuta kara rahe haiM vAcyo'pyavAcyo nanu gauravatvAd, guroH prbhaavstmihaavlmby| amuM prayAsaM phalitAtmabhAsaM, karoti sadyo muninthmllH||51|| guru kA prabhAva apanI garimA ke kAraNa vAcya-varNanIya hone para bhI avAcya- . avarNanIya hotA hai| usakA avalambana lekara muni nathamala (AcArya mahAprajJa) isa 'jainanyAyapaJcAzatI' kI racanA ke isa prayAsa ko svayaM kI kalpanA se zIghra saphala kara rahe haiN| nyAyaprakAzikA guromahimA khalu mhiiyaan| garIyAn khalu guroH prbhaavH| sa hi nitAntanirmalacetasA guruniSThena ziSyeNa vAcyo'pi prabhAvAtizayasya vAcyatve'pi svakIya-vaiziSTayAt vastuto'vAcca ev| etAdRzaM guruprabhAvamavalambya muni nathamalaH (AcArya mahAprajJaH) jainanyAyapaJcAzatyAH'racanAprayAsaM AtmabhAsaMsvakIyakalpanAM sadyaH saphalaM kroti| guru kI mahimA apUrva hai| guru kA prabhAva guruttara hotA hai| nitAnta nirmala citta vAle guruniSTha ziSya ke dvArA ve vAcya hone para bhI apane ativiziSTa prabhAva ke kAraNa ve vastutaH avAcya hI avarNaNIya hI hotA hai| aise guru ke prabhAva kA avalambana lekara granthakAraM muMni nathamala (AcArya mahAprajJa) 'jainanyAya paJcAzatI' kI racanA ke prayAsa ko svayaM hI kalpanA se zIghra saphala kara rahe haiN| AcArya mahAprajJa iti nAmAntareNa khyAtena muninA nathamalena praNItA jaina nyAya paJcAzatIti pustakaM vizvanAthamizrakRta nyAyaprakAzikA vyAkhyayA hindyAM saMskRte ca samalaMkRtA puurnntaamvindt| For Personal & Private Use Only

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110 pariziSTa - 1 jainanyAyapaJcAzatyAH pAribhASikazabdAsteSAmarthAzcajainanyAyapaJcAzatI ke pAribhASika zabda aura unake artha artha zabda 1. adhiSThAna 2. Apta 3. upAdeya 4. asatkAryavAdaH 5. upaghAtaH 6. anugrahaH 7. aupapAtikaH 8. AdhAna 9. aprApyakArI 10. arpitA 11. nyAya 12. tattvabubhutsa 13. pratyUha 14. pratibandhaka 15. zAradA 16. pramANa 17. prameya 18. upAdeyatA 19. jJapti 20. hAna 21. nAntarIyakatA 22. vyavasAyI 23. heyam AdhAra yathArthavAdI prAmANika vyakti upayogI kArya apanI utpatti se pUrva asat rahatA hai| aisA mAnane vAlA siddhAnta pratikUla pra anukUla sthita yA kRpA. Aropita prasthApita viSaya se sambandha kiye binA usakA bodha karAne vAlI indriya, jaise cakSu / dI gaI prabhAva ke dvArA artha kI parIkSA karanA tattva ko jAnana kA acchuka vighna rokane vAlA sarasvatI yathArtha jJAna kA sAdhana ( yathArthajJAna) jise jAnA jAya (jJAna kA viSaya) upayogitA jJAna tyAga AvazyakatA 'nizcaya karane vAlA tyAgane yogya jainanyAyapaJcAzatI For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainanyAyapaJcAzatI zabda 24. pramAtA 25. pramiti 26. prApyakArI 27. anavasthA 28. aupacArikaH 29. svaprakAzaH 30. vyabhicArI 31. avyabhicArI 32. paddhati 33. kArakasAkalyam 34. jJAnAntaram 35. praNa 36. sannikarSaH 37. cit 38. gaveSaNA 39. vyavasAyaH 40. anuvyavasAya 41. vinigAmanAviraha 42. prakAra: 43. vyAJjanAvagrahaH 44. arthAvagraha 45. pratiyogitA 46. anuyogitA 47. samavaya sambandhaH jJAtA jJAna yathArtha se samparka karake usakA bodha karAne vAlI indriya doSaH anirNaya kI sthiti Aropita jo svayaM prakAzita hai artha doSayukta doSa rahita (nirdoSa) rIti sAre kArakoM kA ekatra honA dUsare jJAna tarIkA sambandha jJAna khojanA - jJAna jJAna kA grahaNa karane vAlA dUsarA jJAna eka pakSa ko siddha karane vAlI yukti kA abhAva / vizeSaNa (nyAya mata) ke anusAra indriya kA viSaya se samparka hone para vastu kA avyakta jJAna / dravya, guNa Adi kalpanA se rahita artha kA jJAna jaise yaha kucha hai| jisakA abhAva bolA jAya vaha pratiyogI / usakA dharma pratiyogitA / abhAva kA adhikaraNa (jaise bhUtala ) nitya sambandha jo isa prakAra hotA haijAtivAcaka, guNa gaNI, avayava, avayavI / - 111 For Personal & Private Use Only

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112 jainanyAyapaJcAzatI pariziSTa-2 paJcAzatIzabdaniruktiH dazAnAM pUraNaH iti vigrahe dazan zabdAt saMkhyApUraNeDaT (7/4/48) iti sUtreNa DaT pratyaye Diti TeH (8/4/84) iti sUtreNa TeH lope dazat iti siddhyti| tataH paJcadazato mAnamasyeti vigrahe paJcAzat zabdAt viMzatyAdaya' 7/2/129 itisUtreNa zata pratyaye Atve ca kRte strItva vivakSayAM gaurAditvAt nipAtanAd vA Ipi ca sati paJcAzatI iti rUpa nisspttiH| 1. bhikSuzabdAnuzAsanopari AdhRto'yaM pryogH| For Personal & Private Use Only

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esa sAra zaramAyA jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) lADanUM:81 806, rAjasthAna, phona 8 OLEST-226100 For Personal & Private Use Only