Char Tirthankar

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi, Shobhachad Bharilla, Bhavarmal Singhi, Sagarmal Jain, Dalsukh Malvania
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001054/1

Page #1
pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA:46 saMpAdaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina cAra tIrthaGkara -paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI saccaM logAmmi sArabhUyaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna,vArANasI-5

Page #2
pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 46 (sanmati sAhitya kA prathama puSpa) . sampAdaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina cAra tIrthaMkara (RSabha, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ) lekhaka paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI sampAdana evaM saMkalana paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA Xing Ya Yin Tu Zi Pei Ya Kan vArANasI-5 prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI-221005

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(c) prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna AI0TI0AI0 roDa vArANasI-5 dUrabhASa : 66762 dvitIya saMskaraNa 1986 mUlya : ru0 30 - 00 Char Tirthankara By Pt. Sukhalal Sanghavi Price Rs. 25=00 Second Edition 1989 mudraka : viveka prinTarsa bI 30/165 gaMgA taraMga, nagavAM vArANasI-5

Page #4
viSaya-sUcI viSaya pRSTha 1- bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra 1-28 2-bhagavAn neminAtha aura kRSNa 26-33 3-dIrghatapasvI mahAvIra 34-43 4-dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa 44-84 5-bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana kI vividha bhUmikAe 85-64 6-bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana : eka aitihAsika dRSTipAta 65-113 7-bhagavAna mahAvIra kI maMgala virAsata 114-122 8-bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI virAsata 123-144 86-pariziSTa 145-146 - -

Page #5
nivedana (prathama saMskaraNa) pUjya paMDita zrI sukhalAlajI ke lekhoM kA prathama saMgraha 'dharma aura samAja' ke nAma se prakAzita ho gayA hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ina cAra prasiddha jaina tIrthakaroM ke viSaya meM aitihAsika aura tulanAtmaka dRSTi se pUjya paMDita jI ne abhI taka jo vyAkhyAna yA lekha rUpa meM likhA hai unameM se cunakara yaha pustaka 'cAra tIrthaMkara' nAma se prakAzita kI jA rahI hai / paMDitajI kI asAMpradAyika aura vicArapreraka dRSTi kI chApa vAcaka ko pratyeka paMkti meM milegii| abhI taka tIrthaMkaroM ke viSaya meM vAcaka ne jo socA hogA usameM parimArjana kA nayA rAstA ina lekhoM meM se vaha pAegA aisA merA vizvAsa hai| prastuta saMgraha meM se prathama aura caturtha kA hindI anuvAda karane ke lie zrI bhaMvaramalajI siMghI aura paM0 zobhAcandrajo bhArilla kA tathA mUla gujarAtI-hindI lekhoM va vyAkhyAnoM ke prakAzakoM kA maiM AbhArI huuN| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha viSayaka lekha paMDitajI ne abhI hAla meM hI likhA hai aura vaha AgAmI orienTala kaoNnphareMsa ke ahamadAbAda ke adhivezana meM par3hA jaayegaa| ___saMgraha chApane kI anumati ke lie maiM paMDita jI kA AbhArI hUM dalasukha mAlavaNiyA.

Page #6
prakAzakIya ( dvitIya saMskaraNa ) prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI ke cAra tIrthaGkaroM - bhagavAn RSabhadeva, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra para AdhArita gujarAtI-hindI lekhoM evaM vyAkhyAnoM ke hindI anuvAda ke saMgraha kA prakAzana Aja se lagabhaga chabbIsa varSa pUrva jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala vArANasI dvArA kiyA gayA thA / yadyapi yaha grantha laghukAya hI hai kintu isameM paM0 sukhalAlajI kI jisa gaveSaNAtmaka aura svataMtra vicAra dRSTi kA jo paricaya milatA hai vaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| ina lekhoM meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se bhI unhoMne kAphI kucha prakAza DAlA hai / varSoM se yaha grantha pAThakoM ke liye anupalabdha thaa| cUMki jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala aba pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna meM samAhita ho cukA hai isaliye vidyAzrama kA yaha banatA hai ki vaha isa anupalabdha kintu mahattvapUrNa kRti ko punaH prakAzita kare / do varSa pUrva vidyAzrama ne apane pUrva vyavasthApaka tathA paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI ke ananya bhakta zrI zAMtibhAI vanamAlI seTha kA abhinandana kiyA aura usa avasara para jo dhana saMgraha huA thA, usase lokopayogI sanmati sAhitya granthamAlA calAne kA nizcaya kiyA gayA thA, usI ke prathama puSpa ke rUpa meM hama isa kRti kA punaH prakAzana kara rahe haiN| paM0 sukhalAlajI kI bahuzrutaprajJA se niHsRta isa grantha kI mUlyavattA ke sambandha meM likhanA anAvazyaka hI hogA, pAThakagaNa isakA pArAyaNa kara svayaM hI isake mahattva evaM mUlya ko jAna leMge / Aja ise punaH pAThakoM ko upalabdha karAte hue hama atyanta saMtoSa kA anubhava kara rahe haiN| yadi isa prakAra ke granthoM meM pAThakoM ne ruci pradarzita kI to hama aise anya bhI lokopayogI granthoM ko prakAzita karate raheMge /

Page #7
isa grantha ke punaH prakAzana kI samucita vyavasthA hetu maiM DA. sAgaramala jaina kA AbhArI huuN| isake pUpha saMzodhana ke lie saMsthAna ke zodha adhyetA DA0 zivaprasAda, DA0 azoka kumAra siMha evaM presa sahAyaka zrI maheza kumAra jI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / isake mudraNa ke lie maiM viveka priMTarsa ko dhanyavAda detA huuN| maMtrI: bhUpendranAtha jaina maI 1989

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bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke viSaya meM to itihAsa kI gati spaSTa hai| bhagavAn neminAtha taka bhI itihAsa kI kucha kiraNeM pahuMcI haiM, kintu bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke bAre meM bAta isase bilkula ulTI hai| RSabhadeva kA kAla jaina zAstroM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra lAkhoM aura karor3oM varSa pahale kA kAla hai| usa samaya ke itihAsa kI bAteM Aja mileM, yaha sambhava bhI nahIM hai| usa ati prAcIna samaya ke puruSa ke viSaya meM hama jo kucha bhI par3hate haiM, sunate haiM aura vicAra karate haiM vaha saba janazruti aura kucha zAstra-paraMparA ke AdhAra para race hue caritragraMthoM meM se hii| ina caritragraMthoM meM aitihAsika kAla ke pahale ke vyaktiyoM ke viSaya meM likhA huA saba kucha aprAmANika aura tyAjya hai aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, usI taraha yaha bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki ve sabhI akSarazaH satya haiN| aisI anizcita sthiti hote hue bhI maiM bhagavAn RSabhadeva jaise ati prAcIna puruSa aura unake parivAra ke bAre meM kucha likhanA cAhatA hU~-so kinhIM khAsa dRSTi-binduoM ko lekara / dRSTibindu pahalA dRSTibindu to yaha hai ki RSabhadeva aura anya tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA-pratiSThA aura upAsanA ke kSetra meM kyA antara hai, yaha batalAnA aura usake dvArA anya tIrthaMkaroM kI apekSA RSabhadeva kA sthAna kitanA vyApaka hai aura yaha kisalie, yaha sUcita krnaa| merA dUsarA aura mukhya dRSTibindu yaha hai ki bhUtakAla kA vartamAna kAla ke sAtha sambandha bA~dhanA aura bhaviSya ke nirmANa meM usakA vivekapUrvaka upayoga krnaa| isI bAta ko kucha adhika spaSTa pracalita rIti se batalAnA ho to yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki

Page #9
[cAra tIrthaMkara : 2 paraMparA yA samAja ke mAnasa meM zraddhA kA sthAna pAye huye kisI prAcIna yA atiprAcIna mahApuruSa ke jIvanacaritra ke AsapAsa kAlakrama se aura zraddhA ke kAraNa jo aneka kalpanAoM ke tAne-bAne hoM aura unameM vividha raMga bhare hoM, unakI vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se chAnabIna karake usameM se eka sAmAnya aitihAsika satya nikAlanA aura usa satya kA vartamAna jIvana ke jaTila praznoM ke sulajhAne meM tathA bhAvI jIvana ke nirmANa meM upayoga karanA / RSabhadeva sirpha jainoM ke hI nahIM haiM ! sAdhAraNa taura para jaina tathA jainetara donoM samAjoM meM aura kucha aMza taka par3he-likhe vidvat varga meM bhI aisI mAnyatA pracalita hai ki RSabhadeva kevala jainoM ke hI upAsyadeva tathA avatArI puruSa haiM / adhikAMza jaina yahI samajhate haiM ki jaina paraMparA ke bAhara RSabhadeva kA sthAna nahIM hai aura ve jaina mandira, jaina tIrtha tathA jaina upAsanA meM hI pratiSThita haiM / lagabhaga sabhI jainetara bhI RSabhadeva ko kevala jainoM ke hI upAsyadeva samajha kara yaha vicAra karanA bhUla gaye haiM ki RSabhadeva kA sthAna jainetara paraMparA meM hai yA nahIM aura agara hai to kahA~ aura kaisA ? jaina yA jainetara donoM vargoM ke logoM kA Upara batalAyA huA bhrama dUra karane ke lie hamAre pAsa kitane hI pramANa haiM jo zAstrabaddha bhI haiM aura vyavahArasiddha bhI / jaina tIrtha, mandira aura gRhacaityoM meM pratiSThita RSabhadeva kI mUrti, unakI pratidina hone vAlI pUjA, AbAla-vRddha jainoM meM gAyA aura par3hA jAne vAlA RSabhacaritra aura tapasvI jaina strI-puruSoM dvArA anukaraNa kiyA jAne vAlA RSabhadeva kA vArSika tapa - yaha saba jaina paraMparA meM RSabhadeva ke prati upAsyadeva jaisI zraddhA aura khyAti ke gahare mUla ko to sUcita karate hI haiM, para RSabhadeva kI upAsanA aura khyAti jainetara - paraMparA ke ati pratiSThita aura viziSTa mAne jAne vAle sAhitya meM aura usI taraha choTe se choTe phirake taka meM maujUda hai / bhAgavata meM RSabhadeva brAhmaNa-paraMparA aura usameM bhI khAsakara vaiSNava paraMparA kA bahumAnya aura sarvatra atiprasiddha graMtha bhAgavata hai jise bhAgavata purANa

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3 : bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra ] bhI kahate haiM / yaha graMtha AThavIM zatAbdI ke bAda kA to nahIM hai / digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM saMpradAyoM meM RSabhadeva kA jo saMskRta bhASA meM likhA huA caritra hai vaha bhAgavata se prAcIna nahIM hai; bhAgavata ke pIche kA hI hai / hA~ ! jaina paraMparA meM khAsa kara zvetAmbara paraMparA meM RSabhadeva kA prAkRta bhASA meM likhA huA caritra bhAgavata ke RSabhacaritra ke apekSA bhI prAcIna hone ke viSaya meM kadAcit hI sandeha hai | bhAgavata meM jo RSabhacaritra kA varNana hai aura vaha jisa taraha jaina granthoM ke RSabhacaritra ke sAtha mela khAtA hai usa para se pahale pahala dekhane vAle ko aisA pratIta hogA ki janasamAja meM bahumAna kI jar3a gaharI jamane ke bAda hI jaina kathAnakagraMthoM meM se bhAgavata ke karttA ne RSabhadeva ko apane graMtha meM apanAyA hogA', jisa taraha zurU meM tyAjya gine jAne vAle buddha kA bhI unakI loka - pratiSThA jama jAne ke bAda pIche se kitane hI purANakAroM ne avatArI puruSa ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA sArI prArya jAti ke upAsya RSabhadeva para mujhe to aisA lagatA hai ki vAstavika hakIkata kucha dUsarI hI hai / bhAgavatakAra ke samaya RSabhadeva kI apekSA pArzvanAtha yA mahAvIra kI pratiSThA, khyAti yA upAsanA jarA bhI kama nahIM thI / zAyada jaina paraMparA meM pArzvanAtha yA mahAvIra kA sthAna usa samaya bhI Asana upakAraka hone se adhika AkarSaka thA / aisA hote hue bhI bhAgavatakAra sirpha RSabha kA hI caritra le aura varNana kare, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha yA mahAvIra ke caritra ko anya purANakAroM kI taraha bhAgavatakAra sparza na kare, isakA koI kAraNa honA cAhiye / vaha kAraNa merI dRSTi meM yaha hai ki RSabhadeva kI mAnyatA, pUjA, upAsanA kI yazogAthA jaina paraMparA kI taraha jainetara paraMparA meM bhI zurU se hI kama-jyAdA aMza meM eka athavA dUsarI taraha avazya cAlU thI / isI lie yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jina saMskRta yA prAkRta brAhmaNa purANoM ke AdhAra para bhAgavata kI naye sire se racanA kiye jAneM kA aitihAsika mata hai una prAcIna saMskRta, prAkRta purANoM meM 1. zrImadabhAgavata paMcama skaMdha /

Page #11
[ cAra tIrthaMkara : 4 RSabhadeva ke sambandha meM bhI kucha na kucha avazya likhA hogA, jo vartamAna bhAgavata meM bhI likhA gayA hai / sArI AryajAti meM samAna rIti se RSabhadeva kI nyUnAdhika mAnyatA bahuta prAcIna kAla se calI AtI huI lagatI hai / bauddha paraMparA meM buddha ko aura brAhmaNaparaMparA meM rAma, vAsudeva, kRSNa aura mahAdeva ko Aja taka itanI pratiSThA milatI gaI jisake kAraNa bauddha paraMparA ke sAhitya meM to RSabha kA nAma Ane hI nahIM pAyA aura brAhmaNa-paraMparA ke bhAgavata jaise graMtha meM RSabha kA caritra purAne rUpa meM AyA to sahI parantu vaha bhAgavata ke avatAra vAsudeva meM gauNa hokara usake nIce daba gayA / magara jaina sAhitya meM aura jaina paraMparA meM aisA nahIM huA / pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI jAhojalAlI vAle prAcIna, madhya aura vartamAna yuga meM bhI ina purAtana puruSa RSabha kI pratiSThA aura upAsanA samAnarUpa se akhaNDita rahI hai / inhIM kAraNoM ko lekara jaina aura jainetara varga meM RSabha kI sirpha jainadeva ke rUpa meM mAnyatA kA bhrama calatA AyA / ThIka-ThIka dekhane para yaha mahAn purAtana puruSa cirakAla se calI AtI huI sArI Arya prajA kA sAmAnya deva hai, isa viSaya meM mujhe leza mAtra bhI zaMkA nahIM hai / merI isa dhAraNA kI puSTi nIce kI do bAtoM se hotI hai / RSipaJcamI RSabhapaJcamI hI honI cAhie pahalI bAta RSipaJcamI ke parva se aura dUsarI bAta jainetara varga meM RSabha kI upAsanA se sambaddha hai / bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI RSi1. "Lt. Col. Wilford has pointed out (Asiatic Researches, Vol. III pp 295-488) the ancient communication of old India with Egypt and he has explained the urgent need of examining the ancient Hindu Geographical texts in the light of the new discoveries. In fact, his forecasts have come true. In Cyprus excavations a bronze statue of the Pauranic king Rishabhadeva ( about 1250 B. C.) was found." ( Illustrated London News, 27th August, 1949, pp. 316-17). The Hittite and the Mittani were definitely Aryan Kingdoms,' -

Page #12
5 : bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra] paJcamI ke nAma se jainetara varga meM sarvatra mAnI jAtI hai / yahI paJcamI jaina-paraMparA meM sAMvatsarika parva ke rUpa meM mAnI jAtI hai| jainaparaMparA meM sAMvatsarika parva dUsare saba paryoM ko apekSA U~cA hai aura AdhyAtmika hone se parvAdhirAja mAnA jAtA hai| yahI parva vaidika aura brAhmaNa-paraMparA meM RSipaJcamI ke parva ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai / yaha paJcamI vaidika-paraMparA ke kisI RSi ke smAraka ke rUpa meM mAnI jAtI ho, aisA mere jAnane meM nahIM aayaa| dUsarI tarapha jaina loga paJcamI ko sAMvatsarika parva samajha kara use mahAn parva kA nAma dete haiM aura usa dina sarvottama AdhyAtmika jIvana bitAne ko yatnazIla rahate haiN| mujhe lagatA hai ki jaina aura vaidika-paraMparA meM bhinnabhinna nAma se prasiddha, ina donoM paryoM ko eka hI dina bhAdrapada zuklA paJcamI ko mAnane kI prathA kisI samAna tattva ko lekara hai aura vaha tattva merI dRSTi meM RSabhadeva ke smaraNa kA hai| eka athavA dUsare kAraNa se AryajAti meM RSabhadeva kA smaraNa calA AtA thA aura usake nimitta se bhAdrapada zuklA paJcamI parva rUpa meM mAnI jAtI thii| Age jAkara jaba jaina-paraMparA nivRtti mArga kI pradhAnatA kI ora mur3I taba usane isa paJcamI ko AdhyAtmika zuddhi kA rUpa dene ke lie isa parva ko sAMvatsarika parva ke rUpa meM manAnA zurU kiyA; jaba ki vaidika-paraMparA ke anuyAyiyoM ne pUrva paraMparA se calI AtI huI sAmAnya bhUmikA ke anusAra hI isa paJcamI ko RSi paJcamI ke rUpa meM manAne kA rivAja cAlU rkhaa| sacamuca RSipaJcamI nAma meM hI RSabha kI dhvani samAI huI hai| RSabhapaJcamI hI zuddha nAma honA cAhiye aura usI kA kucha apabhraMza huA nAma RSipaJcamI hai| agara yaha kalpanA ThIka ho to jaina aura jainetara donoM vargoM meM prAcIna kAla se calI AtI huI RSabhadeva kI mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai| avadhUta paMtha meM RSabha kI upAsanA dUsarI aura khAsa mahattva kI bAta upAsanA ke viSaya kI hai| baMgAla jaise kisI prAMta meM kucha loga haiM, cAhe unakI saMkhyA adhika na ho athavA ve vikhyAta na hoM, jinakA RSabha kI upAsanA meM vizvAsa hai, aura jo RSabha ko eka avadhUta evaM parama tyAgI yogI samajha kara

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[cAra tIrthakara : 6 unake dvArA pratipAdita kiye huye kaThina vratoM kA pAlana bhI karate haiN| eka bAra ahamadAbAda meM san 1926-27 meM mujhe eka baMgAlI gRhastha mile the, jo bI. e., ela. ela. bI. the aura bahuta samajhadAra the| unhoMne mujhe apanI khuda kI aura apane paMtha kI upAsanA ke viSaya meM bAta karate hue kahA ki ve datta Adi avadhUtoM ko mAnate haiN| lekina ina saba avadhUtoM meM RSabhadeva unake mata meM mukhya aura Adi haiN| unhoMne yaha bhI kahA ki unake paMtha meM Age bar3hane vAle gRhastha yA yogI ke lie RSabhadeva ke jIvana kA anukaraNa karanA Adarza ginA jAtA hai| isa anukaraNa meM aneka prakAra ke tapa Adi ke bAda zarIra ke Upara nirmohatA siddha karane kA bhI Adarza hai / vaha yahA~ taka ki zarIra meM kIr3A par3a jAye to bhI sAdhaka use pheMkatA nahIM, balki kIr3oM ko zarIra arpaNa karate huye use vizeSa Ananda hotA hai| una baMgAlI gRhastha kI ina bAtoM ne merA dhyAna khIMcA aura mujhe turanta lagA ki agara RSabhadeva sirpha jainoM ke hI deva aura upAsya hote to ve pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke bAda jainetara-paramparA meM kabhI upAsya kA sthAna nahIM paate| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ugra tapa aura dehadamana prasiddha hI hai| usakA anukaraNa kahIM bhI jainetara varga meM nahIM ho rahA hai aura RSabhadeva kA anukaraNa kahIM to dikhAI detA hai| isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki RSabhadeva prAcIna kAla se hI AryajAti ke sAmAnya upAsya deva rahe hoMge / bhAgavata kA varNana isI dRSTi kI puSTi karatA hai| mUla meM jaina dharma kA svarUpa kaisA thA ? yaha to hama Upara dekha hI cuke haiM ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke samAna kaThora tapasvI aura nikaTavartI jaina tIrthaGkaroM kI apekSA ati prAcIna RSabhadeva kA pratiSThAkSetra kitanA vyApaka hai| parantu yahIM prazna utpanna hotA hai ki isa pharka kA kAraNa kyA hai ? yaha prazna hamako isa bAta kA vicAra karane ko prerita karatA hai ki jainadharma kA asalI svarUpa kaisA thA aura vartamAna jaina dharma tathA jaina saMskRti aura jaina bhAvanA ke prAcIna mUlya kaise the ? bhAratavarSa meM pracalita prAcIna dharmoM ke do vibhAga kiye jA sakate haiM-pravRttidharma aura nivRttidharma / pravRttidharma arthAt caturAzramadharma

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7 : bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra ] aura nivRttidharma arthAt ekAzrama dharmaM / nivRttidharma meM kevala eka saMnyAsa kI mAnyatA hai / isakA artha yaha nahIM ki usameM brahmacarya aura gRhasthAzrama kA sthAna hI nahIM hai / isakA artha kevala itanA hI samajhanA cAhie ki nivRttidharma meM jAti, Ayu ityAdi kA vizeSa vicAra nahIM karake cAhe jisa jAti aura cAhe jisa umra ke strIpuruSa hoM, sabake lie samAnarUpa se tyAga aura saMnyAsa kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai / isa dharma ke anusAra autsargika jIvana tyAga kA hI mAnA jAne ke kAraNa jo koI gRhasthAzrama meM par3e athavA sAMsArika pravRtti ko svIkAra kare to apavAda rUpa meM hI svIkAra kare / usakA yaha svIkAra nivRttidharma ke hisAba se sirpha lAcArI ginI jAyegI jIvana meM kramaprApta Avazyaka dharma nahIM / isake viparIta caturAzrama dharma meM umra ke krama se hI pravRtti yA nivRtti svIkAra karane kA maukA AtA hai / brahmacaryAzrama kA ullaMghana karake gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karanA yA brahmacaryAzrama se gRhasthAzrama meM gaye binA hI saMnyAsamArga meM jAnA pravRttidharma meM varjya aura adharmya samajhA jAtA hai / brahmacarya Azrama meM se bAla athavA kaumArya avasthA meM se koI sIdhA saMnyAsa mArga le to vaha nivRttidharma ke anusAra svAbhAvika hI samajhA jAyagA kyoMki vaha krama varjya nahIM hai balki vahI krama mukhya rUpa se dharmya samajhA jAtA hai, jaba ki pravRttidharma ke hisAba se yaha krama bilkula varjya aura adharmya hai / pravRttidharma meM saMnyAsa ko sthAna hai aura pratiSThita sthAna hai, parantu yaha sthAna jIvana krama meM amuka vakta para hI AtA hai, cAhe jaba nahIM; jaba ki nivRttidharma meM tyAga kA sthAna aura usakI pratiSThA samagra jIvanavyApI hai / pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM dharmoM ke ukta dRSTibindu eka dUsare ke virodhI hone ke kAraNa unake pariNAma bhI samAja para alaga-alaga aMkita huye haiM, aura Aja bhI alaga-alaga hI dikhalAI dete haiM / jaina ho athavA jainetara, koI bhI vicAraka gata do-tIna hajAra varSa kA koI jaina - sAhitya, jaina-jIvana athavA jaina mAnasa kA avalokana karegA to usako yaha niHsandeha mAlUma hogA ki jainadharma kI paramparA nivRttidharma kI eka khAsa paramparA hai / aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki jainadharma kA jo nivRttipradhAna svarUpa dikhAI detA athavA

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : mAnA jAtA hai, vaha sAre jIvana yA sAmAjika jIvana kI dRSTi se barAbara aura yogya hai ? aura ati prAcIna kAla meM jo jaina dharma kA pravAha kisI taraha se bahatA thA, usakA svarUpa kyA aisA hI thA athavA isase judA thA ? agara jainadharma kA nivRttipradhAna dikhAI dene vAlA svarUpa hI dharma kA svAbhAvika aura asalI svarUpa hai to isa para se apane Apa yaha phalita hotA hai ki dharma kA pravRttipradhAna svarUpa svAbhAvika nahIM hai| vaha to vikRti athavA sAmAjika jIvana meM apavAdamAtra hai| isa para se yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki pravRttipradhAna svarUpa ko dharma meM pIche se pratiSThA kA sthAna milA hai| asala meM to dharma kA svarUpa nivRttipradhAna hI thaa| pravRttidharma hI jainadharma ke mUla meM hai vicAra karane para ukta prazna ke uttara meM mujhe yahI mAnanA jyAdA vAjiba aura saMgata lagatA hai ki vyaktigata aura sAmAjika samagra jIvana ke sAtha barAbara aura pUrA-pUrA mela khAne vAlA dharma kA svarUpa pravRttipradhAna hI hai nivRttipradhAna nhiiN| isI taraha mujhe yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki kisI samaya meM jainadharma ke mUla udgama meM nivRttipradhAna svarUpa ko sthAna nahIM milA thA, balki usameM pravRttipradhAna svarUpa kA hI sthAna thaa| mere isa maMtavya kI puSTi vartamAna jainaparamparA ke Adi-pravartaka tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke chinna-bhinna aura bahuta pIche se arthAt nivRttipradhAna dharma kI pratiSThA hone ke bAda likhe hue yA saMkalita kiye hue jIvanavRttAnta se bhI asaMdigdha rUpa se hotI hai| yaha javAba agara saccA hai to pravRttipradhAna dharma kA svarUpa vikRti hai athavA vaha svarUpa pIche se AyA huA hai, yaha mAnane kA koI kAraNa nahIM rhtaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nivRtti para jora kyoM diyA? hA~, aisA hote hue bhI mere ina vicAroM para kitane hI prazna-bANa chUTeMge, yaha maiM samajhatA huuN| koI avazya pUcha sakatA hai ki agara sAmAjika jIvana kI dRSTi se pravRttipradhAna dharma hI saMgata aura svAbhAvika hai to bhagavAna mahAvIra vagairaha ne pravRttidharma para jora nahIM dekara nivRttipradhAnatA ke Upara jora kyoM diyA? usI taraha

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6 : bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra ] bAda meM hone vAle dhuraMdhara jaina AcAryoM ne bhI jaina dharma ko nivRttipradhAna svarUpa kI maryAdA meM kyoM bA~dha rakhA ? yaha aura isake jaise dUsare bahuta se prazna upasthita hote haiM / lekina una sabakA uttara saMkSepa meM itanA hI hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke puruSArtha kI dizA sAmAjika jIvana ke bAre meM upadeza dene athavA usakA nirmANa karane kI nahIM thI / jo sAmAjika jIvana pravRttidharma ke Upara saMgaThita aura racA huA thA vaha to cAlU hI thA / parantu usa dharma ke eka hisse ke taura para tyAgI jIvana ke svarUpa, adhikAra yA AcaraNa meM jo vikRtiyA~, zithilatAe~ aura galataphahamiyA~ dAkhila ho gaI thIM, unakA apane vaiyaktika AcaraNa se saMzodhana karanA mahAvIra kA jIvana-dharma thA / athavA yoM kaha deM ki jaise koI sudhAraka puruSa sirpha brahmacaryAzrama taka kA hI sudhAra apane hAtha meM le yA koI dUsarA sirpha gRhasthAzrama taka kA hI sudhAra apane hAtha meM le, usI taraha bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tyAga Azrama kA sudhAra karane kA hI kAma apane hAtha meM liyA / nivRttidharma sarvAMzI dharma kaise mAnA jAya ? jisa taraha saMsAra meM akasara dekhA jAtA hai ki kisI sudhAraka athavA mahAn puruSa kI pravRtti usake deza, kAla aura aitihAsika paristhiti ke anusAra eka aMza taka hI sImita hotI hai, parantu vahI pravRtti saMpradAya kA rUpa prApta karake pUrNa aura sarvAMzI mAnI jAne lagatI hai, usI prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM ke asAdhAraNa vyaktitva kI pratidhvani svataMtra saMpradAya ke rUpa meM par3ate hI unakA tyAgI jIvanapradhAna sudhAra samagra samAja-dharma ke rUpa meM samajhA jAne lagA aura isa mahAn vibhUti ke prati rahI huI asAdhAraNa parantu ekadezIya bhakti ne bAda meM Ane vAle anugAmiyoM ko sAmAjika jIvana ke anyAnya pahaluoM ke bAre meM pUrNa rUpa se evaM khule dila se vicAra karane se rokA / bhagavAn kA jo jainadharma atyaMta AdhyAtmika hone ke kAraNa se samagra samAja ke sAtha pUrNa rUpa se mela khAne vAlA nahIM thA aura jo isa taraha se vaiyaktika dharma hI thA, usa dharma ko sAMpradAyika rUpa milate hI usakA sAmAjika jIvana ke sAtha pUrI taraha se mela biThAne kA prazna bAda vAle anuyAyioM aura

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 10 kula-paramparAgata jainarmiyoM ke sAmane upasthita huaa| dharma ke eka aMza kI athavA eka naya ko pUrNa dharma yA pUrNa anekAnta mAnane kI bhUla meM se jo vyavasthA utpanna huI vaha bhI bhUloM se bharI huI aura binA mela kI rhii| isIlie pichale do-tIna hajAra varSa ke jaina-dharma ke nivRtti-pradhAna svarUpa meM sAmAjika jIvana kI dRSTi se adhUrApana aura kaI vikRtiyA~ bhI dikhalAI detI haiN| RSabha kA jIvana hI svAbhAvika dharma kA pravartaka hai sArI jaina-paramparA bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko vartamAna yuga ke nirmAtA AdipuruSa ke rUpa meM jAnatI hai| unako vaha mArgadarzaka, karmayogI evaM pUrNapuruSa ke rUpa meM pUjatI hai| bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA caritra digambara-zvetAmbara sAhitya meM athavA brAhmaNa sAhitya meM jaisA milatA hai vaha jaina-paraMparA kI ukta mAnyatA kI hI pUrI-pUrI puSTi karatA hai| kAraNa agara bhagavAn RSabhadeva karmayogI aura pUrNapuruSa hoM to unakA jIvana bhI samagra dRSTi se athavA sAmAjika suvyavasthA kI dRSTi se pUrNa hI honA cAhie, anyathA ve pUrI samAja racanA ke nirmAtA kahe hI nahIM jA sakate / hamane RSabhadeva ke jIvana meM jo aneka ghaTanAe~ sunI haiM aura jo Aja taka ke nivRttipradhAna jainadharma ke svarUpa kI dRSTi se bahuta saMgata nahIM mAlUma hotI aura isIlie jina ghaTanAoM kA samarthana khIMcatAnapUrvaka AcAryoM ko karanA par3A hai ve sArI ghaTanAe~ jIvana-krama meM svAbhAvika hI thIM aura kisI bhI vicAravAn samAja ke jIvana meM svAbhAvika hI ho sakatI haiN| nivRtti kI dRSTi se RSabha ke jIvana ko prasaMgata ghaTanAe~___ yahA~ kucha ghaTanAoM kA ullekha karake una para vicAra karanA prAsaMgika mAlUma hotA hai / 1-bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne vivAha saMbaMdha kiyaa| usa vakta kI cAlU prathAoM ke hisAba se sagI bahana sumaMgalA ke sAtha vivAha karane ke bAda dUsarI eka sunandA nAmaka kanyA ke sAtha vivAha kiyA, jo ki apane janmasiddha sAthI kI mRtyu se hatotsAha aura cintita hokara vidhavA nahIM to anAtha to ho hI gaI thii| 2-bhagavAn ne prajA-zAsana kA kAma hAtha meM lekara sAma, daNDa

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11 : bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra ] Adi nIti ko pravRtta kiyA aura logoM ko jIvana-dharma aura samAjadharma sikhAyA / 3 - jina kAma-dhandhoM ke binA usa samaya vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana zakya nahIM thA aura Aja bhI jo zakya nahIM ho sakatA ve sAre kAma bhagavAn ne logoM ko sikhAye / usa vakta kI sUjha aura paristhiti ke hisAba se bhagavAn ne logoM ko khetI dvArA anAja paidA karane, anAja pakAne, usake lie AvazyakatAnusAra bartana banAne, rahane ke lie makAna taiyAra karane, kapar3A taiyAra karane, hajAmata banAne aura dUsare jIvanopayogI zilpa kI zikSA dI / 4 - putra jaba yogya umra meM pahu~ca gayA taba usako uttaradAyitva pUrvaka ghara aura rAjya kA kArabAra calAne kI zikSA dene ke bAda hI sAdhakajIvana svIkAra kiyA / 5 - sAdhaka jIvana meM unhoMne apanA manoyoga pUrA kA pUrA Atmazodhana kI tarapha hI lagA diyA aura AdhyAtmika pUrNatA siddha kii| ina ghaTanAoM kA ullekha digaMbarAcArya jinasena aura zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra ne kiyA hai / asaMgata ghaTanAoM kA prasaMgata samarthana - jinasena vikrama kI navIM zatAbdI meM tathA hemacandra vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM hue / jaba ina do AcAryoM aura dUsare unake pUrvavartI yA uttaravartI AcAryoM ne RSabha kA jIvana likhanA zurU kiyA hogA taba unake mAnasika saMskAra aura RSabha ke jIvana kI ghaTanA ke bIca AsamAna - jamIna jitanA antara par3a gayA thaa| sabhI caritra - lekhaka jaina AcAryoM ke mana meM jaina dharma ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM eka hI chApa thI aura vaha sirpha nivRttidharma kI / hara eka AcArya yaha mAnane kA AdI thA ki janma se mRtyu paryanta nivRtti-anagAra dharma aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA hI svAbhAvika hai / usameM isase bhinna kucha bhI karanA par3e to vaha vastutaH kartavya nahIM hai - sirpha apavAda rUpa meM hI karanA par3atA hai / isa khayAla ke kAraNa una AcAryoM ko svataMtra rUpa se dharma kA upadeza denA ho to bhinna ho rIti saM denA par3atA / Ajakala jisa taraha hamako sAdhu javAba dete haiM usI taraha usa vakta bhI ye AcArya loga hamAre nimna praznoM kA javAba isI taraha se dete the / hamAre vayaprApta lar3ake-lar3akiyoM kA vivAha karane yA gRha-tyA

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 12 karAne bAbata unakI sammati mA~gI jAya to ve nirvivAda rUpa se yahI mata darzAte haiM ki lagna aura gArhasthya baMdhana tyAjya hai / khetI-bArI yA dUsare ati Avazyaka dhandhe karane ke viSaya meM unakA mata pUchiye to ve rAya deMge ki bhAI ? yaha to karma bandhana hai, naraka kA dvAra hai; khetI meM to asaMkhya jIva marate haiM / aMgArakarma, vanakarma vagairaha dhaMdhe to jainoM ke lie karmAdAna rUpa mAne jAne ke kAraNa tyAjya hI haiM / lar3ake-lar3akiyoM ko ghara-dhandhe kI tamAma zikSA dene kA mAtA pitA kA anivArya kartavya hai yA nahIM ? isa prazna ke javAba meM yA to ve AcArya cuppI sAdha lete haiM yA unakA nivRttidharma unake pAsa bhASA samiti ke dvArA itanA hI kahalAtA hai ki isa viSaya meM jyAdA kahanA muni kA dharma nahIM, tuma khuda hI yathAyogya samajha lo / jisa prakAra AtmakalyANa ho, vaisA karo, ityAdi / RSabha ke caritra - lekhaka AcAryoM ke isI bhA~ti ke saMskAra the / jina praznoM kA javAba svataMtra rUpa se ve nakAra meM hI dete haiM ve prazna RSabha kA jIvana likhate samaya unake sAmane upasthita hue / RSabha itane adhika mAnya aura pUjya the ki unake jIvana kI eka-eka ghaTanA kA samarthana kiye binA unake liye koI cArA hI na thA aura dUsarI tarapha nivRttidharma viSayaka unake saMskAroM ne usa taraha samarthana karane se rokaa| Akhira meM unhoMne ina ghaTanAoM kA samarthana to kiyA, parantu vaha samarthana kahane mAtra kA aura aspaSTa thA / hemacandra vivAha ke viSaya meM likhate hue kahate haiM ki RSabhadeva ne 1 - manye svAmI vItarAgo garbhavAsAt prabhRtyapi / caturthapuruSArthAya sajjo'nyAnapekSayA // 762 // tathApi nAtha ! lokAnAM vyavahArapatho'pi hi / tvayaiva mokSavava samyak prakaTayiSyate // 763 // tallokavyavahArAya pANigrahamahotsavam / vidhIyamAnaM bhavatecchAmi nAtha ! prasIda me // 764 / / darzanIyA sthitirloke bhoktavyaM bhogyakarma ca / asti me cintayitvaivamanvanyata tadvacaH / / 825 / / tataH prabhRti sodvAhasthiti: svAmipravartitA / prAvartata parArthAya mahatAM hi pravRttayaH // 881 // - triSaSTizalA kApuruSacarita parva 1. sarga. 2

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13 : bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra] logoM meM vivAha-pravRtti cAlU rakhane ke lie vivAha kiyaa| ve kahate haiM ki sunandA ko svIkAra karake UsakA anAthapana dUra kiyaa| ve kahate haiM ki aneka patniyoM aura saikar3oM santAna vAlA gRhasthadharma bhagavAn ne anAsakta bhAva se brtaa| ve kahate haiM ki aneka prakAra ke dhaMdhe aura zilpa sikhAkara bhagavAn ne samAja meM jIvanayAtrA sarala karake upakAra kiyaa| ve kahate haiM ki santAna ko yogya banA kara usako sArI gRha rAjya kI vyavasthA sauMpa kara hI dIkSA lI (parva1. sarga. 3) aura isa taraha se bhagavAn ne jIvana-mArga meM sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyaa| hemacandra nivRttidharma se viruddha dikhAI denevAle pravRttidharma ke eka-eka aMga kA samarthana saMkSepa meM eka hI vAkya se karate haiM ki bhagavAn viziSTa jJAnI the, isaliye unhoMne tyAjya aura sAvadha karmoM ko bhI kartavya samajha kara anAsakta bhAva se kiyaa| RSabhadeva kA vivAha, unase utpanna huI santati; santati ko unhoMne jo zikSaNa diyA aura usakA jo poSaNa kiyA, prajA sAmAnya ko jIvanopayogI kahe jAne vAle Arambha samArambha vAle saba taraha ke dhaMdhoM kA jo zikSaNa diyA tathA una dhandhoM meM khuda pravRtta tatazcakAkinI mugdhAM mithunAnyavalokya tAm / kiMkartavyavimUDhAni zrInAbherupaninyire // 755 // eSA RSabhanAthasya dharmapatnI bhvtviti| prati jagrAha tAM nAbhinetrakairavakaumudIm // 756 / / svAmyapyavadhinA'jJAsIt karma bhogaphalaM dRr3ham / tryazIti pUrvalakSANAM yAvad bhoktavyamasti naH // 766 // avazyabhoktavyamidaM karmetyAdhUnayan ziraH // 767 / / triSaSTi0 1. 2. bhogAn svAmyapyanAsaktaH patnIbhyAM bubhuje ciram / sadvedanIyamapi hi na karma kSIyate'nyathA // 882 // triSaSTi0 1. 2. etacca sarva sAvadyamapi lokAnukampayA / svAmI pravartayAmAsa jAnan kartavyamAtmanaH / / 671 // -triSaSTi0 1, 2.

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[ cAra tIrthaMkara : 14 hue - ina saba ghaTanAoM kA samarthana' AcArya jinasena aura hemacandra karate haiM / itanA hI nahIM balki Ajakala ke bhI saba choTe bar3e phirakoM ke dharmopadezaka paMDita aura tyAgI aisA hI karate haiM / yahA~ savAla yaha hai ki prAcIna kAla meM kiyA gayA aura Aja kala bhI kiyA jAne vAlA yaha samarthana kyA vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se hotA hai, yA mahAn puruSa ke jIvana kI ghaTanAe~ hone ke kAraNa hI unakA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai ? agara sirpha mahAn puruSa ke jIvana kI ghaTanAe~ hone ke kAraNa hI ( vastutaH samarthana ke yogya na hote hue bhI) unakA samarthana kiyA huA hai aura Ajakala bhI kiyA jAtA hai - yaha vikalpa svIkAra kiyA jAya to isase jaina samAja kI cAlU samasyAoM kA hala to hotA hI nahIM balki paMDitoM aura AcAryoM ke vicAra tathA vyavahAra kA asatya sevana rUpa nirbala pakSa bhI prakaTa hotA hai / agara isa vikalpa ko svIkAra kiyA jAya ki prAcIna kAla kA aura nAbhirAjo'nyadA dRSTvA yauvanArambhamIzituH / pariNAyayituM devamiti cintA manasyadhAt // 50 // guruvo'haM taddeva tvAmityabhyarthaye vibhum / mati vidhehi lokasya sarjanaM prati saMprati // 60 // tvAmAdipuruSaM dRSTvA loko'pyevaM pravartatAm / mahatAM mArgavartinyaH prajAH suprajaso hyamUH / / 61 / / ityudIrya giraM dhIro vyaraMsInnabhipArthivaH / devastu sasmitaM tasya vacaH pratyaicchadomiti // 66 // kimetat pitRdAkSiNyaM kiM prajAnugrahaiSitA / niyogaH kopi vA tAdRga yenaicchattAdRzaM vazI / / 67 / / anaGgatvena tannUnamenayoH pravizan vapuH / durgAzrita ivAnaGgo vivyAdhainaM svasAyakaiH // 68 // tAbhyAmiti samaM bhogAn bhuJjAnasya jagadguroH / kAlo mahAn agAdekakSaNavat satatakSaNaiH // 66 // asiSi: kRSividyA vANijyaM zilpameva ca / karmANImAni SoDhA syuH prajAjIvanahetavaH / / 176 / / tatra vRtti prajAnAM sa bhagavAn matikauzalAt / upAkSit sarAgo hi sa tadAsIjjagad guruH // 180 // jinasene mahApurANa parva 16

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15 : bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra ] Ajakala kA yaha samarthana sirpha vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se hI hai to isase itanA to siddha hotA hI hai ki pravRttidharma se sambandha rakhanevAlI uparyukta ghaTanAe~ RSabha ke jIvana meM huI hoM yA kisI dUsare ke jIvana meM huI hoM yA Aja kisI sAdhAraNa vyakti ke jIvana meM hoM, ve saba vastutaH samarthana yogya haiM aura unakA vyaktigata samagra jIvana kI dRSTi se tathA sAmAjika pUrNa jIvana kI dRSTi se pUrA-pUrA sthAna hai / agara eka bAra yaha bAta siddha ho gaI aura yaha svAbhAvika hai aisA mAlUma ho jAya to phira Ajakala ke jaina samAja ke mAnasa meM jo aikAntika nivRttidharma ke saMskAra jAne - ajAne ghara kiye huye haiM aura avivekapUrvaka puSTa kiye jA rahe haiM unakA saMzodhana karanA samajhadAra logoM kA kartavya hai / yaha saMzodhana hama RSabha ke pUrNa jIvana kA Adarza rakhakara kareM to usameM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pariSkRta kiyA huA nivRttidharma to A hI jAtA hai lekina vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika pUrNa jIvana ke adhikAraprApta sAre karttavya aura pravRttiyoM kA samAdhAna bhI mila jAtA hai| isa samAdhAna ke AdhAra para duniyA kI koI bhI Avazyaka aura vivekayukta pravRtti sacce tyAga jitanI hI kImatI dikhAI degI aura vaisA hogA to nivRttidharma ke ekadezIya jAla meM pha~se hue jainasamAja kI samasyA apane Apa hala ho jAyagI / gItA kA zrAzraya lekara hemacandra dvArA nivRttidharma meM saMzodhana Upara kahA gayA hai ki hemacandra ke paramparAgata aikAntika nivRttidharma ke saMskAra hote huye bhI unako RSabha ke jIvana kI saba sAvadya dikhAI denevAlI pravRttiyoM kA bacAva karanA thA / unake vAste yaha eka gUr3ha samasyA thI - para unakI sarvazAstra ko sparza karane vAlI aura hara jagaha se satya ko baTora lene vAlI guNagrAhaka dRSTi ke kAraNa unako ukta samasyA kA samAdhAna gItA meM se mila gayA / pravRtti aura nivRtti ke bIca meM jo saba kalahamaya virodha hotA thA, unakA gItAkAra ne anAsakta dRSTi kI bAta lAkara samAdhAna kara diyA hai| usI dRSTi ko hemacandrAcArya ne apanAyA aura bhagavAn RSabhadeva dvArA Acarita samagra jIvanavyApI vyavahAra meM usako lAgU kiyA | hemacandra kI ulajhana sulajha gii| unhoMne bar3e ullAsa

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[ cAra tIrthaMkara : 16 se kahA ki jJAnI hone se, saba kucha jAnate huye bhI, bhagavAn ne sAvadya karma karttavya samajhakara kiye / hemacandra kA yaha samarthana eka tarapha to prAcIna jainarUr3hi kI dizA bhUla sUcita karatA hai aura dUsarI tarapha hamalogoM ko nayA svarUpa nirmANa karane kA prakAza detA hai / sacamuca jo jJAnI haiM ve to doSa kA yathArtha svarUpa samajha hI lete haiM aura isIlie bAhya rUpa se aneka lAbha dikhAI dene para bhI ve doSama pravRtti meM nahIM par3ate / isalie agara sAMsArika jIvanopayogI pravRtti bhI ekAnta doSavAlI hI ho to jJAnI ke liye usakA tyAga hI dharma bana jAtA hai / lekina agara isa pravRtti kA viSa anAsakta bhAva ko lekara dUra ho evaM anAsakta dRSTi se yaha pravRtti bhI karttavya siddha hotI ho to Ajakala ke jaina samAja ko apane saMskAroM meM isa dRSTi ko dAkhila karake sudhAra karanA hI cAhiye / isake sivAya jaina samAja ke liye dUsarA vyAvahArika aura zAstrIya mArga hai hI nahIM / hamAre deza meM zikSita aura azikSita donoM vargoM meM eka prakAra kI paMgutA hai / zikSita varga khUba zikSita hone para bhI azikSita varga se bhI jyAdA paMgu hai; kyoMki unhoMne karmendriyoM ko kAma meM lAne ko laghutA samajhane kA pApa kiyA hai / karmendriyoM kI tAlIma hote hue bhI azikSita varga buddhi kI yogya tAlIma aura saccI vicAra - dizA binA andhe jaisA hai / jaina samAja ke tyAgI varga kI aura usakA anusaraNa karane vAle saba vargoM kI sthiti eka samAna bigar3I huI hai / ve tyAga kI bar3I-bar3I bAteM karate haiM para unakA jIvana dUsaroM ke karmoM para anivArya rUpa se avalambita hone ke kAraNa ve saccI rIti se tyAga kI sAdhanA nahIM kara sakate aura karmapatha kA AcaraNa bhI nahIM kara sakate / jo pravRtti meM par3e hue haiM ve musIbatoM ke aina mauke para usameM se mArga nikAlane ke bajAya tyAga kA UTapaTAMga mArga hI pasanda karate haiN| isase jaina samAja kI pravRtti yA nivRtti eka bhI vAstavika rahane nahIM pAI / gRhastha apanI bhUmikA ke anusAra pravRttidharma ko thor3A bhI sa~bhAla nahIM pAte / isa kaThinAI meM se bacane kI kuJjI merI samajha meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke svAbhAvika jIvana-krama meM se milatI hai / RSabha kA jIvana bahuta dIrghakAla se

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[ bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra : 17 - Arya jAti kA Adarza mAnA jAtA rahA hai aura vaha samasta mAnavajAti kA vizuddha Adarza banane kI yogyatA bhI rakhatA hai / bhArata ke pravRttidharma meM vikRta nivRttidharma ko chApa RSabha ke bAda unake jyeSTha putra bharata ke jIvana kI tarapha hama gaura kreN| unake sAre jIvana ko na lekara khAsa bAtoM kI tarapha hI dRSTipAta kareM / aise to bharata kA RSabha ke putra ke rUpa meM jaina paraMparA meM jo varNana kiyA gayA hai usI taraha brAhmaNa-paraMparA meM bhI milatA hai / alabattA bharata ke jIvana kA citraNa donoM paraMparAoM ne apaneapane dRSTibindu ke anusAra alaga-alaga rIti se hI kiyA hai / yahA~ hama jaina paraMparA ke varNana ke anusAra hI bharata - jIvana kI ghaTanAoM para vicAra kareMge | digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paraMparAoM ke anusAra bharata kA sArA jIvana unake pitA se milo huI virAsata ke mAphika pravRttidharma meM otaprota , isa viSaya meM to zaMkA hai hI nahIM / bharata vayaH prApta hone para rAjya karatA hai, striyoM ke sAtha gRha - jIvana bitAtA hai, prajApAlana meM dharmaparAyaNatA dikhAtA hai aura anta meM pUrNa jJAna prApta kara AdhyAtmika zakti prApta karatA hai / yahI spaSTa rUpa se svAbhAvika pravRttidharma hai, parantu isameM kahIM-kahIM caritralekhakoM ke samaya ke vikRta nivRttidharma ke raMga bhI car3ha gaye haiM / hemacandra bharata ke dvArA Arya-vedoM kI racanA karAte haiM aura brAhmaNa-varga kI sthApanA karAte haiM aura brAhmaNa ke kulakarma karAte haiM / jinasena ke kathanAnusAra bharata ko brAhmaNa varNa kI sthApanA karane ke bAda usake guNadoSoM ke bAre meM zaMkA hotI hai aura usa zaMkA kA nivAraNa karane ke lie vaha apane pitA RSabha tIrthakara se prazna karatA hai / bhagavAn bharata ko brAhmaNa varga se hone vAlI bhAvI kharAbiyoM kA varNana sunAte haiM aura Akhira meM AzvAsana dete hue kahate haiM ki jo huA so huA, isase amuka lAbha bhI huA hai, ityAdi / jinasena kA bharata ke svAbhAvika jIvana ko saMkucita 1. bharato'yaM samAhUya 2 -- zrAvakAnabhyadhAdidam / gRhe madIye bhoktavyaM yuSmAbhiH prativAsaram // 227 //

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18 : cAra tothaMkara ] // 228 // kRSyAdi na vidhAtavyaM kintu svAdhyAyatatparaiH / apUrvajJAnagrahaNaM kurvANaiH stheya manvahaM bhuktvA ca me'ntikagataiH paThanIyamidaM sadA / jito bhavAn vardhate bhItastasmAn mA hana mA hana // 226 // jJAnadarzanacAritraliGgam rekhAtrayaM nRpaH / vaikakSyamiva kAkiNyA vidadhe zuddhilakSaNam // 241 // tallAMcchanA bhojanaM te lebhire'thA'paThannidam / jito bhavAnityAdya uccairmAhanAste tato'bhavan // 243 // nijAnyapatyarUpANi sAdhubhyo dadire ca te / tanmadhyAt svecchayA kaizci viraktaM vratamAdade // 244 // arhatstutimunizrAddhasAmAcArIpavitritAn / AryAn vedAn vyadhAccakrI teSAM svAdhyAyahetave // 247 // krameNa mAhanAste tu brAhmaNA iti vizrutAH / kAkiNIratnalekhAstu prApuryajJopavItatAm // 246 // jajJe sAdhuvicchedo'ntarnava madazamArhatoH / evaM saptasvantareSu jinAnAmeSa vRttavAn // 255 // vedAzcArhatstutiyatizrAddhadharmamayAstadA pazcAdanAryAH sukhasAyAjJavalkyAdibhiH kRtAH // 256 // - triSaSTi, 1.6 1 jinasena ke matAnusAra brAhmaNetara tIna varNoM kI sthApanA RSabha ne kI thI - pUrvApara videheSu yA sthitiH samavasthitA / sAdya pravartanIyAtra tato jIvantyamUH prajAH // 143 // | SaTkarmANi yathA tatra yathA varNAzramasthitiH / yathA grAmagRhAdInAM saMstyAyazca pRthagvidhAH // 144 // tathAtrApyucitA vRtriH upAyarebhiraGginAm / nopAyAntaramastyeSAM prANinAM jIvikAM prati // 145 // athAnudhyAnamAtreNa vibhoH zakraH sahAmaraiH / prAptastajjIvanopAyAnityakArSIdvibhAgataH // 146 // - jinasena mahApu0 parva - 16

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[ bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra : 16 utpAditAstrayo varNAstadA tenAdivedhasA / kSatriyA vaNijaH zUdrAH kSatatrANAdibhirguNaiH // 183 // kSatriyAH zastrajIvitvamanubhUya tadAbhavan / vaizyAzca kRSivANijyapAzupAlyopajIvitAH // 184 // teSAM zuzrUSaNAccha drAste dvidhA kAryakAravaH / kAravo rajakAdyAH syuH tato'nye syurakAravaH // 18 // kAravo'pi matA dvadhA spRzyAspRzyavikalpataH / tatrA'spRzyAH prajAbAhyAH spRzyAH syuH kartakAdayaH // 176 // yathAsvaM svocitaM karma prajA dadhurasaGkaram / vivAhajAtisambandhavyavahArazca tanmatam // 187 // yAvatI jagatIvRttiH apApopahatA ca yaa| sA sarvAsya matenAsIt sa hi dhAtA sanAtanaH // 18 // yugAdibrahmaNA tena yaditthaM sa kRto yugaH / tataH kRtayugaM nAmnA taM purANavido viduH // 186 // kRtvAditaH prajAsagaM tavRttiniyamaM punaH / svadharmAnativRttyava niyacchannanvazAt prajAH // 242 // svadobhyAM dhArayan zastra kSatriyAnasRjad vibhuH| kSatratrANe niyuktA hi kSatriyAH zastrapANayaH // 243 / / UrumyAM darzayan yAtrAm asrAkSId vaNijaH prabhuH / 'jalasthalAdiyAtrAbhiH tavRttirvArttayA yataH // 244 // nyagvRttiniyatAn zUdrAn padbhyAmevAsRjat sudhIH / varNottameSu zuzrUSA tavRtti kaMdhA smRtA / / 245 / / mukhato'dhyApayana zAstra bharataH srakSyati dvijAna / adhItyadhyApane dAnaM pratIcchejyeti takriyA // 246 / / zUdrA zUdreNa voDhavyA nAnyA tAM svAM ca naigamaH / vahet svAM te ca rAjanyaH svAM dvijanmA kvacicca tAH // 247 // -jinasena mahApu0 parva-16

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20 : cAra tIrthaMkara ] *nivRttidharma meM DhAlane kA prayatna jarA bhI chipA rahane vAlA nahIM hai, parantu hemacandrAcArya kA prayatna to isase bhI bar3hA-car3hA aura nirAlA hai| hemacandra bhI jinasena kI taraha hI bharata dvArA brAhmaNa varNa kI sthApanA, Arya-vedoM kI racanA vagairaha saba karAte haiM, parantu unhoMne apane varNana meM jo kauzala dikhAyA hai vaha buddhi aura kalpanApUrNa hote hue bhI pIche ke vikRta nivRttidharma kI sAkSI dene vAlA hai| hemacandra ke kathana ke anusAra bharata ne eka zrAvaka-varga sthApita kiyA aura usa varga se usane kahA ki tumheM kAmakAja yA dhandhA vagairaha nahIM karanA, khetI-bArI, vyApAra yA naukarI yA rAjya Adi kisI prapaJca meM nahIM par3anA, tuma saba rAjya ke bhojanagRha meM khAte raho, hamezA paThana-pAThana meM lIna raho aura nityaprati"jito bhavAn vardhate bhItastasmAt mA hana mA hana" yaha mantra mujhako sunAyA karo / bharata kA sthApita kiyA huA yaha zrAvakavarga usakI yojanA ke anusAra usake bhojanagRha meM jImatA aura kucha bhI kAmakAja na karake usake race hue vedoM kA pATha karatA evaM bharata ke dvArA racita uparyukta upadeza-mantra unako hI nitya prati sunAtA / parantu hemacandra kA Age diyA huA varNana isase bhI jyAdA AkarSaka hai| ve kahate haiM ki bharata kA sthApita kiyA haA zrAvakavarga hI 'mAhana, mAhana' zabda bolane ke kAraNa brAhmaNa nAma se prasiddha ho gayA / koI yaha na samajhe ki hemacandra kA yaha zrAvakavarga kAma dhaMdhA chor3ane vAlA sirpha zAstrapAThI hI thaa| isa varga ke striyA~ aura gharabAra bhI the| khAnA, pInA Adi saba poSaNa rAjya aura Ama prajA kI tarapha se calane ke kAraNa usa varga ke logoM ko bacce paidA karake unake poSaNa kI cintA nahIM karanI par3atI thii| hemacandra ke kathanAnusAra to yaha varga apane acche-acche bAlaka sAdhuvarga ko arpaNa karatA thA, jo bAlaka sAdhuoM ke pAsa meM dIkSA lete the, aura isa zrAvakavarga meM se bhI aneka vyakti virakta hokara khuda dIkSA lete the| Upara diye hue saMkSipta varNana se kisI bhI samajhadAra vyakti ke lie yaha samajhanA muzkila nahIM hogA ki AcArya hemacandra ne bharata

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[ bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra : 21 ke hAthoM se jo zrAvaka-varga sthApita karAyA hai aura kAma-dhaMdhA chor3akara sirpha zAstra par3hane meM mazagUla rahane tathA rAjya ke rasoIghara meM jAkara jImane va bharata dvArA racA haA upadeza pATha bharata ko hI sunA dene kI jo bAta kahI hai vaha sAdhusaMsthA ke lie Avazyaka ummIdavAroM kI pUrNatayA pUrti karane vAle jIvita yantra kI hI bAta hai aura vaha jaina-paramparA meM pUrva se cale Ate hue vikRta nivRttidharma ko sUcita bhara karatI hai| vartamAna jainasamAja meM tyAgI varga jaisI manovRtti rakhatA hai, jaise saMskAra kA poSaNa karatA hai aura dIkSA ke nimitta jo dA~vapeca racatA hai, usakI jar3eM to saikar3oM varSa pahale hI DAla dI gaI haiN| hemacandra ke samaya meM bhI ye vikRtiyAM thiiN| pharka itanA hI thA ki amuka paristhiti ke kAraNa ve vikRtiyA~ dhyAna meM nahIM AI thIM yA kisI ne unakI tarapha lakSya nahIM diyA thaa| agara bAlabacce vAlA sArA eka varga kAmadhaMdhA chor3akara parAzrayI banakara dharma pAlana kare, yaha svAbhAvika ho to usameM doSa AnA hI na cAhie, para saccI bAta yaha hai ki jaina-paramparA meM tyAgI varga ne nivRttidharma kI eka hI bAjU ko pUrNa jIvana mAna kara usI ke vicAroM kA sevana kiyA aura unakA pracAra kiyaa| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki ve gRhastha aura tyAgI ke jIvana meM anivArya rUpa se Avazyaka karmoM aura pravRttiyoM kA mahattva hI bhUla gaye / isI se hama Aja bharata ke sahaja pravRttidharma meM vikRta nivRttidharma kI chApa dekhate haiN| bharata ke race hue upadeza-mantra kA artha yaha hai ki tuma parAjita hue ho, tumameM bhaya bar3ha rahA hai, isalie tuma kisI ko na maaro|' kitanA sundara aura pAramArthika, sadA smaraNIya upadeza ! parantu isa upadeza ke sunane meM asaMgati kitano hai ? upadezatattva kA vicAra karane vAle vedapraNetA bharata svayaM hI haiN| isako zabdoM meM utArane vAle bhI bharata svayaM haiN| parantu bharata ko apane ho vicAra kA jito'smi kena ? huM jJAtaM kaSAyairvardhate ca bhIH / kuto me ? tebhdha eveti mA hanyAM prANinastataH // 232 // -triSaSTi. 1, 6

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22 : cAra tIrthaMkara ] khayAla nahIM rahatA jisase vaha eka bhAr3e ke aura akarmaNya parAvalambI varga se apanA racA huA vAkya sunanA pasanda karatA hai / kyA yaha bAta bhaddI nahIM lagatI ? parantu isa varNana meM hemacandra kA lezamAtra bhI doSa nahIM hai / ve to eka kalpanAsamRddha aura pratibhA sampanna kavi the / ve khuda jina saMskAroM se dIkSita hue aura jina saMskAroM meM unakA poSaNa huA, unakA kavitvamaya citraNa unhoMne kiyA thA / isa para se agara hama yaha samajha leM ki nivRttidharma kI ekadezIyatA ne pravRttidharmaM ko kitanA vikRta banA diyA to hamAre lie. kAphI hai / bharata aura bAhubalI jinasena yA hemacandra ke kAvyamaya varNana meM aneka jJAnaprada bAteM milatI haiM / unameM bharata - bAhubalI se sambaddha eka bAta para sarasarI najara hama DAleM, jo isa vakta bilkula prAsaMgika hai / donoM bhAI lar3AI meM utre| Amane-sAmane bar3I-bar3I phaujoM ke morce bane / aneka taraha ke saMhAra - pratisaMhAra ke bAda Akhira indra kI dI huI salAha ko donoM ne mAnA / vaha salAha yaha thI ki bhAI ! lar3anA ho to lar3o, para aise lar3o ki jisase tumhArI lar3AI kI bhUkha bhI miTa jAya aura kisI kA nukasAna bhI na ho / sirpha tuma donoM Apasa meM lar3o' / isa salAha ke anusAra unake pA~ca yuddha nizcita huejinameM cakra aura muSTi-yuddha jaise yuddha to hiMsaka the para sAtha-sAtha ahiMsaka yuddha bhI the / ina ahiMsaka yuddhoM meM dRSTi-yuddha aura nAda- yuddha Ate haiM / jo jaldI A~kha banda kara le yA nirbala AvAja kare, vahna 1. tathApi prArthya se vIra ! prArthanAkalpapAdapa ! | yuvayorugratejasoH / uttamenaiva yuddhena yudhyethA mA'dhamena tu / / 515 / / adhamena hi yuddhena bhUyiSThalokapralayAdakAle pralayo dRSTiyuddhAdibhiryuddhairyoddhavyaM sAdhu teSu hi / bhavet // 516 // Atmano mAnasiddhiH syAt lokAnAM pralayo na ca // 517 // - triSaSTi 105

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[ bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra : 23 hAre, yaha ahiMsaka yuddha saba ke sIkhane lAyaka hai| sAre saMsAra meM isakA prasAra ho aura agara isake lie tyAgIgaNa prayatna kareM to usake dvArA saMsAra kA kitanA hita ho? isase yuddha kI tRSNA pUrI hogI, hAra-jIta kA nizcaya ho jAyagA aura saMhAra hone se ruka jAyegA / parantu dUsare loga nahIM to Akhira jaina hI yaha kaheMge ki jagat aise yuddha ko svIkAra karegA sahI? para yahIM jaina bhAiyoM ko hama pUche ki jagat usa ahiMsaka yuddha ko svIkAra na kare to na sahI, parantu ahiMsA aura nivRttidharma kA upadeza dina-rAta dene vAle tyAgI varga jo Amane-sAmane kI chAvaniyoM meM ba~Takara apane-apane pakSoM ke lar3AkU zrAvakoM ko khar3e karake aneka bhA~ti se lar3a rahe haiM, ve aise kisI ahiMsaka yuddha kA Azraya kyoM na leM ? agara do mukhya AcAryoM ke bIca meM takarAra ho to ve donoM hI dRSTi yA mauna-yuddha se nahIM to tapa-yuddha se hAra-jIta kA nirNaya kyoM nahIM kara lete ? jo adhika aura ugra tapa kare vaha jIte / isase saMyama-poSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha jagat meM Adarza sthApita hogaa| isake alAvA bAhubalI ke jIvana meM se eka bahuta mahattva kA sabaka yaha bhI jainoM ko sIkhane ke vAste milatA hai ki bAhubalI ne bharata ko mArane ke lie muTThI to uThAyI, kintu turanta viveka utpanna hote hI unhoMne muTThI bIca meM hI roka lii| rokakara bhI usako apane sira para calAyA, so bhI isa taraha ki jisase AtmaghAta na ho para abhimAna-ghAta ho|' unhoMne ahaMkAra kI pratIka amarSAccintayitvaivaM sunandAnandano dRDhAm / muSTimudyamya yamavad bhISaNaH samadhAvata // 727 // maryAdoAmivodanvAMstatra tasthau rayAdapi / evaM ca sa mahAsattvazcintayAmAsa cetasi // 726 / / aho rAjyasya lubdhena lubdhakAdapi paapinaa| amuneva samArabdho dhig-dhig bhrAtRvadho mayA // 732 // trijagatsvAmino vizvAbhayadAnai kasatriNaH / eSa pAnthI bhaviSyAmi pathi tAtasya saMprati // 736 // ityuditvA mahAsattva : so'graNI zIghrakAriNam / tenaiva muSTinA mUni uddadhra tRNavat kacAn // 740 // triSaSTi0 1. 5.

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24 : cAra tIrthaMkara] rUpa coTI ko hI ukhAr3a pheNkaa| isa ghaTanA meM kitanA rahasya aura kitanA bodhapATha hai ? khAsa kara dharma ke nAma para lar3ane vAle hamAre phirakoM aura guruoM ke lie to bAhubalI kA yaha prasaMga pUrA-pUrA mArmika hai| brAhmI aura sundarI ___ anta meM hamako ina donoM bahanoM ke bAre meM bhI vicAra karanA cAhiye / brAhmI aura sundarI donoM mAtra kAlpanika hoM yA aura kAlpanika, para unake caritra, jIvana meM atyanta sphUrti dene vAle siddha ho sakate haiN| ina prAtaHsmaraNIya bahanoM ke bAre meM tIna bAtoM kI tarapha dhyAna AkarSita karanA cAhatA hU~-(1) AjIvana kaumArya aura brahmacarya, (2) bhAI bharata kI icchA ke vazIbhUta na hokara ugra tapa pUrvaka sundarI kA gRhatyAga, (3) donoM bahanoM dvArA bAhubalI ko pratibodha denA aura usakA tatkAla usa para asara honaa| pitA RSabha va bhAI bharata aura bAhubalI ke dIrgha jIvana meM tathA unake AsapAsa sarvatra pravRttidharma hI pracalita thaa| aise vAtAvaraNa meM ina donoM bahanoM kA kaumArya-vrata aura nivRttidharma kA aikAntika grahaNa bahuta kama svAbhAvika aura sambhava lagatA hai / usa samaya kI samagra samAja-racanA meM unakA yaha nivRttimaya jIvana bilkula anokhI chApa DAlatA hai| agara aisA jIvana usa samaya zakya na ho aura caritra-lekhakoM ke nivRttimaya mAnasika saMskAroM kA hI yaha pratibimba ho to bhI ye bahineM sahaja saralatA ke kAraNa mahAsatI pada ke yogya haiM hii| bhAI-bahina kA vivAha usa jamAne kI sAmAnya tathA mAnI huI rIti thii| Aja jo anIti ginI jAtI hai vaha usa samaya pratiSThita nIti thI / hama nIti-anIti kI isa parivartanazIla prathA meM se bahuta kucha sIkha sakate haiM aura lagna, pUnarlagna, antarjAti-lagna, antarjAti lagna, antarvarNa-lagna aura antararASTrIya lagna Adi aneka sAmAjika

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[bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra : 25 sambandhoM ke vividha pahaluoM ke bAre meM Avazyaka sabaka sIkha sakate haiM aura jarUrI bala bhI pA sakate haiN| bharata sundarI ke sAtha vivAha karanA cAhatA thaa| sundarI, bharata ko apAtra ginatI ho, yaha bAta to nahIM thI, para vivAha karanA hI nahIM cAhatI thii| vaha brAhmI kA anusaraNa karake saMnyAsa-dharma aMgIkAra karanA cAhatI thii| yadyapi vaha usa samaya kI samAja-racanA tathA kuTumba-racanA evaM kuTumbamaryAdA ke anusAra bilakula svatantra rUpa se palI huI thI, phira bhI usane bharata kI icchA kA spaSTa zabdoM meM inkAra na karake ugratapa dvArA saundarya ko naSTa karake bharata kA AkarSaNa miTAne kA mArga svIkAra kiyaa|1 sUndarI kA yaha vyavahAra RSabha kI pUtrI yA bAhubalI kI bahana ko zobhA de, aisA hai yA madhyayuga kI kisI abalA ke lie lAgU ho, aisA hai ? vicAraka ko sundarI ke isa taponuSThAna meM aikAntika nivRttidharma ke yuga kI chApa mAlUma hue binA zAyada hI raha sake / cAhe jo ho, para isa sthAna para sundarI aura bharata ke yugala kI Rgveda ke yama-yamI yugala ke sAtha khAsa tulanA karane yogya hai / Rgveda meM yamI apane sage bhAI yama ko apane sAtha vivAha karane kI prArthanA karatI hai / jaba bhAI yama usako kisI dUsare puruSa ko pasanda karane tathA apane ko na cunane ke lie kahatA hai, to yamI caNDI kA rUpa dhAraNa karake bhAI yama ko hijar3A taka kahakara usakA tiraskAra kintu devo yadAdyagAd digvijayAya tadAdyasau / AcAmAmlAni kurute prANatrANAya kevalaM // 746 / / tathA yadaiva devena pravrajantI nyaSidhyata / tataH prabhRtyasau tasthau bhAvataH saMyataiva hi // 745 / / anujJAtA narendreNa muditena vratAya saa| tapaHkRzA'pyakRzeva pramadocchvasitA'bhavat // 754 // -triSaSTi0 1.4.

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26 : cAra tIrthaMkara] karatI hai| sundarI ke kathAnaka meM isase bilkula ulTA hai| bharata . sundarI ke sAtha vivaha karanA cAhatA hai jaba ki sundarI bhAI bharata kI mAMga ko pasanda nahIM krtii| mA~ga ko asvIkAra karate hue sundarI kupita nahIM hotI aura sundarI kA viparIta mata dekhakara bharata roSa nahIM lAtA balki donoM meM ApasI saumanasya bar3hatA hai / yama-yamI aura bharata-sundarI ke prasaMga bhAI-bahina ke lagna-vyavahAra kI nIti ke antima prasaMga ho aisA lagatA hai| parantu Rgveda ke yamI sUkta meM diye hue prasaMga kI apekSA jaina-paramparA meM diyA huA bharata-sundarI kA prasaMga vizeSa sAttvika hai, kyoMki pahale prasaMga meM yamI sAttvikatA kho detI hai jaba ki dUsare prasaMga meM sundarI aura bharata donoM sAttvikatA meM avagAhana karake pavitra ho jAte haiN| ___ bAhubalI ko pratibodha dene kI bAta kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattva kI hai| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki eka mahAna balI aura abhimAnI puruSakesarI sAdhu pratibodha kA lakSya hai aura pratibodha karane vAlI do abalAe~ usake nIce ke darje kI sAdhviyA~ haiM / aisA hote hue bhI pratibodha kA pariNAma Azcaryajanaka hotA hai| bahanoM kI namra kintu nirbhaya bAta bhAI ko sIdhe hRdaya meM jAkara lagatI hai aura vaha kSaNamAtra meM apanI bhUla ko pahacAna kara dUsare hI kSaNa usakA saMzodhana kara DAlatA hai-jaise ki rAjImatI kA ulAhanA suna kara usake devara tapasvI sAdhu rathane mi kA hRdaya jAgRta ho uThatA hai| kyA Ajakala ke tumula dhArmika yuddha meM saMlagna gRhastha yA sAdhupuruSavarga ko unakI bhUla samajhAne vAlI aura satya se unakI A~kheM kholane vAlI jyAdA nahIM to ekAdha bahina bhI brAhmI-sundarI kA prAtaHsmaraNa karane vAle jaina samAja meM nahIM haiM ? kyA brAhmI aura sundarI kA mahattva gAne vAlA sArA vartamAna jaina abalA-samAja sacamuca hI sAhasa aura vicAroM meM vandhyA ho gayA hai ? isameM eka AjJApayati tAtastvAM jyeSThAyaM bhagavAnidam / hastiska-dhAdhirUDhAnAmutpadyata na kevalam // 788 // -triSa0 1. 5.

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[bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra : 27. bhI aisI nArI-ratna nahIM ki jo dharma ke nAma para lar3ate hue abhimAnI puruSoM kI bhUla ke marmasthAna ko samajhe aura vaha unake sAmane nirbhayatA ke sAtha prakaTa kare ? isI taraha kyA eka bhI aisA puruSa-- kesarI sAdhurAja nahIM ki jo bAhubalI kI taraha sarala hRdaya vAlA ho aura bhUla batAne vAlA kauna hai, isakA vicAra kiye binA hI, bhUla to bhUla hI hai, yaha samajha kara apanI bhUla ko maMjUra kara le aura usakA saMzodhana karake AdhyAtmika aura sAmAjika kalyANa ko nirApada banAve ? hamArI kAmanA hai ki samAja meM brAhmI-sundarI jaisI bahineM hoM aura bAhubalI ke samAna puruSa ! upasaMhAra lekha meM diye hue mudde saMkSepa meM nIce anusAra haiM (1) bhagavAn RSabha sirpha jaina-samAja ke hI nahIM varan sArI Arya-jAti ke upAsya deva haiM / (2) bhagavAn RSabha dvArA pratipAdita aura Acarita prabRttidharma hI vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana ke sAtha sumela rakhane vAlA hone ke kAraNa jainadharma kA asalI svarUpa hai| (3) vartamAna janasamAja kI aikAntika nivRtti kI samajha samagra jIvana kI dRSTi se adhUrI hai, isalie RSabha kA Adarza sAmane rakhakara usameM saMzodhana karane kI jarUrata hai| (4) AcArya hemacandra jaisoM ne isa taraha ke saMzodhana kI dizA bhI sUcita kara dI hai aura Aja ke karmayuga meM to vaha sahaja hI mila sakatI hai| (5) bharata ke jIvana meM bhI pravRtti-dharma kA svAbhAvika sthAna hai| prasaMga-prasaMga para jo nivRtti-dharma ke citra najara Ate haiM ve pIche kI jaina-dharma viSayaka adhUrI samajha ke pariNAmamAtra haiN| (6) bAhubalI bharata se bhI adhika unnata pAtra haiN| unhoMne nizcita vijaya ke pAsa pahuMca kara bhI tyAga dikhAkara bar3A bhArI

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28 : cAra tIrthaMkara ] Adarza upasthita kiyA hai / bahinoM ke upadeza ko namratA se svIkAra karake anekamukhI bhavyatA pradarzita kI hai / brAhmI aura sundarI ke pAtra prAtaH smaraNIya haiM / unameM bhI sundarI brAhmI kI apekSA kaI taraha se adhika sAtvikatA dikhalAtI hai / unakA saundarya vAsanA ke vazIbhUta nahIM hone meM hai / 1942 A. D. ] [ anuvAdaka - zrI bha~varamala siMghI M. A. ]

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bhagavAn neminAtha aura kRSNa neminAtha aura rAjImatI ke viSaya meM jaina bahuta kucha hoMge, choTe bacce bhI kucha na kucha jAnate hoMge, phira bhI isa viSaya meM kucha likhanA bodhaprada hogA / maiM jaba banArasa meM thA taba akhabAroM meM duSkAla kA samAcAra par3hatA thA aura pazuoM ke marane ke samAcAra se merA mana ati udvigna hotA thA / manuSya bhI marate haiM kintu hamArA dhyAna mUka pazuoM kI ora adhika AkRSTa hotA hai / usa samaya maiM AcArya hemacandra ke jIvana se sambaddha eka pustaka kI prastAvanA par3ha rahA thA / usameM neminAtha kA ullekha milA / taba se isa viSaya para kucha likhane kI icchA udita huI thI / neminAtha ke viSaya meM kucha jAnanA Avazyaka hai / apane Adarza mAneM to hamane kahA jA sakatA hai / kucha kahanA ho to kRSNa ke viSaya meM bhI neminAtha aura kRSNa ina donoM ko hama saMpUrNa Arya saMskRti ko samajhA hai aisA una donoM kA janma yadukula meM huA thA / neminAtha kA janma Aja se chiyAsI hajAra varSa pahale huA thA aisI jaina paraMparA hai / brAhmaNa-paraMparA ke anusAra kRSNa kA janma pA~ca hajAra varSa pahale huA thA / yadi neminAtha aura kRSNa donoM cacere bhAI the to ukta jaina- paramparA kI mAnyatA meM bhUla hai aisA mAnanA par3egA / mere mana se neminAtha chiyAsI hajAra varSa pUrva nahIM kintu pArzvanAtha se kucha pahale hue haiM / ataeva samaya ke viSaya meM jaina- paramparA ko bahuta tUla nahIM denA cAhie / yaduvaMza kI unnati mathurA ke AsapAsa huI hai / vasudeva ke putra kRSNa aura vasudeva ke bhAI samudravijaya ke putra neminAtha haiN| jainaparamparA meM neminAtha ke varNana meM kRSNa kA bhI bahuta varNana

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30 : cAra tIrthakara] AtA hai| brAhmaNa paramparA meM kRSNa kA varNana to bahuta milatA hai kintu usameM neminAtha kA ullekha taka nhiiN| yaha eka Azcarya kI bAta hai| __ mathurA meM jaba kRSNa ko Aphata meM pha~sanA par3A taba unhoMne apanI rAjadhAnI dvArakA meM bnaaii| neminAtha kA bacapana aura yauvana dvArakA meM vyatIta haA thA aisA pratIta hotA hai| neminAtha aura rAjImatI kA jIvana jaina-paraMparA kI tyAgavRtti kA nanA hai / neminAtha lagna karane kI icchA nahIM rakhate the kintu dUsaroM ke Agraha ke kAraNa lagna karane ko taiyAra hue the| lagna ke samaya katla ke liye ikaTThe kiye gaye pazuoM ko dekhakara neminAtha meM karuNA umar3a par3atI hai aura mAnasika kampa kA anubhava unheM hotA hai aura pazuvadha ke khyAla se lagna ko tilAJjali dekara ve giranAra para tapazcaryA karane cale jAte haiN| rAjImatI kaMsa kI bahana aura rAjA ugrasena kI putrI thii| rAjImatI ne jaba neminAtha kA viSaya meM tyAgabhAva jAnA to vaha bhI saMsA kara tapasyA karane ke lie cala detI hai| tapasyA ke samaya neminAtha kA bhAI rathanemi jo sAdhu ho gayA thA, rAjImatI ke rUpa para mugdha hotA hai kintu rAjImatI ne unheM upadeza dekara -sAdhu-dharma meM sthira kiyaa| isake bAda rAjImatI aura neminAtha upadeza karate hue vicaraNa karate haiN| jaina-paraMparA ke anusAra sAdhu aura sAdhvI kA jaisA AcAra hotA hai tadanusAra una donoM kA 'jIvana vyatIta huaa| ye donoM aitihAsika pAtra hoM yA na hoM, kintu jaina logoM ke mana meM unhoMne aisA acala sthAna pAyA hai jaisA ki hindUmAtra ke mana meM rAma-sItA ne / ataeva unake astitva ke viSaya meM kisI ko sandeha nahIM hogaa| kRSNa viSayaka sAhitya itanA vizAla hai, tatsambaMdhI gIta saMskRta aura prAkRta meM itane adhika haiM ki kevala unhIM kA saMgraha eka mahAbhArata ho jAye / jaina bhI kRSNa ko neminAtha ke samAna mAnaka ra "bhAvI tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM jAnate haiN| kintu hama yadi donoM ke caritra ko adhika samajhane kA prayatna kareM to hameM saccA rahasya pratIta ho jaaygaa|

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[ bhagavAn neminAtha aura kRSNa : 31 pazuhiMsA ke khyAla se duHkhita hokara neminAtha sAdhu bana jAte haiM / rAjImatI bhI neminAtha ke prati rAga ke kAraNa nahIM kintu sacce tyAga se prerita hokara sAdhvI bana jAtI hai / vaha rathanemi kI caMcala vRtti kA saMyama meM sthirIkaraNa karatI hai / Rgveda meM yama aura yamI ina donoM bhAI bahana kA varNana AtA hai / usameM yamI ko lagna kI icchA hotI hai kintu usakA bhAI yama use saMyama meM sthira karatA hai / neminAtha aura rAjImatI ke jIvana ke ye prasaMga choTe hone para bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM / jaina - Adarza meM jo saMta aura tyAga ke Adarza kA sthAna hai vaha hameM neminAtha aura rAjImatI ke jIvana meM pratyakSa hotA hai / vastutaH kRSNa ne hI gItA kA bodha diyA ho yA unake bAda kisI ne unake nAma se gItA ko likhA ho kintu vaha niHsaMdeha atyanta jIvana-sparzI hai aura usameM vaidika saMskRti kA sAra A jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha Aja dhArmika sAhitya meM zreSTha hai / neminAtha ke jIvana meM jaisA prasaMga hai usase bhinna prakAra kA prasaMga kRSNa ke jIvana meM hai / ativRSTi ke kAraNa pIr3ita pazuoM kI unhoMne govardhana parvata kA uttolana kara rakSA kI thI aura Aja bhI jagaha-jagaha brAhmaNa-paraMparA kI ora se gauzAlAoM kA saMcAlana ho rahA hai / ina gauzAlAoM meM adhikAMza gAyeM hI rakhI jAtI haiM / anya prAntoM meM gauoM kI rakSA kI vyavasthA to ho hI jAtI hai kintu gau ke uparAMta anya pazuoM kI bhI rakSA kI vyavasthA adhikAMza meM gujarAta meM hI dekhI jAtI hai usakA kAraNa neminAtha ke jIvana kA asara ho to koI Azcarya nahIM / ataeva hama kRSNa ko gaurakSaka aura neminAtha ko pazu-rakSaka ke rUpa meM pahacAna sakate haiM / kRSNa kA sambandha gopAlana, gosaMvardhana ke sAtha mAnA gayA hai / isI prakAra neminAtha kA sambandha pazu-pAlana aura pazu-rakSaNa ke sAtha hai / isakI sAbitI giranAra aura kAThiyAvAr3a meM milatI hai / neminAtha kA sambandha vyavahAramArga se arthAt pravRttimArga se nahIM rahA aisA pratIta hotA hai / koI bhI vyakti tyAgI hone ke bAda unake jIvana se paryApta mAtrA meM sabaka sIkha sakatA hai / jaba

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32 : cAra tIrthakara] ki kRSNa kA saMpUrNa jIvana vyavahAra-pUrNa hai| saMsAra meM rahane para bhI usase alipta rahane kA bodha unake jIvana meM prApta hotA hai| neminAtha aura kRSNa meM AryasaMskRti ke do Adarza upasthita hote haiN| ___ AryasaMskRti meM hInayAna aura mahAyAna aise do Adarza haiN| hInayAna Adarza apane meM hI parisamApta hai| apane kalyANa ke sAtha AnuSaMgika rUpa se dUsare kA kalyANa hotA ho to bhale hI ho, parantu mukhyatayA sArA prayatna svakalyANa ke liye hai aura honA cAhiye aisI hInayAna kI mAnyatA hai| jaba ki mahAyAna kA Adarza sabake kalyANa ko prathama sthAna detA hai, jainoM ne hInayAna vRtti ko adhika pasaMda kiyA hai aisA pratIta hotA hai| brAhmaNa logoM ne mahAyAna ke Adarza ko bhI svIkRta kiyA hai| kRSNa ke jIvana meM sudAmA kA prasaMga AtA hai / vaibhava ke bIca bhI vaha alipta rahatA hai / samarAMgaNa meM bhI vaha taTastha rUpa se rahatA hai| ukta donoM AdarzoM ko pRthak kara dene se hamArI saMskRti ne kAphI mAtrA meM hAni uThAI hai| brAhmaNoM ne aura jainoM ne eka dUsaroM ke mahApuruSoM ke viSaya meM kitanA kama jAnA hai ? hInayAna aura mahAyAna ke Adarza pRthak hI raha gaye yaha acchA nahIM huaa| bhAratIya saMskRti ke saMpUrNa rUpa ko samajhane kI icchA ho to neminAtha aura kRSNa donoM ke viSaya meM hamArI jAnakArI honA jarUrI hai| rasavRtti, buddhi aura tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se yadi hama kRSNa kA paricaya prApta na kareM to neminAtha ko bhI hama ThIka nahIM jAna sakate / kRSNa ke bhakta jo mahAyAnI haiM unake liye neminAtha ke jIvana meM se bahuta kucha sIkhane yogya hai / kRSNa kA nAma lekara ve apanI rAjasa aura tAmasa vRtti ko puSTa kara rahe haiN| unheM cAhie ki ve neminAtha aura rAjImatI ke jIvana meM se tyAga aura tapasyA siikheN| isI taraha neminAtha ke bhakta bhI yadi vyavahArakuzala honA cAhate ho to unheM kRSNa ke jIvana meM se bahata kucha sIkhanA hogaa| jaina AcAryoM ne bhI kRSNa-kathA likhI hai, unake pitA vasUdeva kI bhI kathA likhI hai| yaha atyanta rasapUrNa hai| kRSNa ke jIvana ke vAstavika aMzoM ko neminAtha ke jIvana ke sAtha jor3akara hama

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[ bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura unakA parivAra : 33 AryasaMskRti kA saccA svarUpa jAna sakate haiM / gopAlana aura pazupAlana kI AvazyakatA unhIM ke jIvana se sIkhanI hogI / antima samaya meM bANa mArane vAle ko bhI kRSNa udAra citta se kSamAdAna dete haiM itanA hI nahIM, kintu use pazupAlana kA bodha dete haiM / mahAvIra evaM buddha jaise sabhI mahApuruSoM ke jIvana meM aise dRSTAMta milate haiM / vastutaH ve sabhI sthUla jIvana ke prati nirbhaya hote haiM / ataeva maiM jainoM se kRSNa ke jIvana ko par3hane kI siphAriza karatA hU~ aura jainetaroM ko neminAtha aura rAjImatI kI kathA ko sahAnubhUti se par3hane kA sUcana karatA hU~ / isase pArasparika pUrvAgrahoM kA lopa hogA aura Arya saMskRti kI donoM bAjuoM kA darzana hogA / vyavahAra ke kArya karate hue alipta rahane kI bhAvanA kRSNa ke jIvana se prApta hotI hai / neminAtha aura kRSNa ke jIvana meM vastutaH kucha bhI virodha nahIM hai / jo kucha dIkhatA hai vaha sthUla virodha mAtra hai / [ anu0 - dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ] prabuddha jaina ] 15-11-41

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dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra Aja se lagabhaga DhAI hajAra varSa pahile jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma nahIM huA thA, bhArata kI sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika paristhiti aisI thI jo eka viziSTa Adarza kI apekSA rakhatI thii| deza meM aise aneka maTha the, jahA~ Ajakala ke bAbAoM kI taraha jhuNDa ke jhuNDa rahate the aura taraha-taraha kI tAmasika tapasyAe~ karate the / aneka aise Azrama the, jahA~ duniyAdAra AdamI kI taraha mamatva rakhakara Ajakala ke mahantoM ke sadRza bar3e-bar3e dharmaguru rahate the| kitanI hI saMsthAe~ aisI thIM jahA~ vidyA kI apekSA karmakANDa kI, khAsa karake yajJa kI pradhAnatA thI aura una karmakANDoM meM pazuoM kA balidAna dharma mAnA jAtA thaa| samAja meM eka aisA bar3A dala thA, jo pUrvaja ke parizramapUrvaka upArjita gurupada ko apane janmasiddha adhikAra ke rUpa meM sthApita karatA thA / usa varga meM apavitratA kI, uccatA kI aura vidyA kI aisI kRtrima asmitA rUDha ho gaI thI ki jisakI badaulata vaha dUsare kitane hI logoM ko apavitra mAnakara apane se nIca samajhatA aura unheM ghuNAyogya samajhatA, unakI chAyA ke sparza taka ko pApa mAnatA tathA granthoM ke arthahIna paThana mAtra meM pANDitya mAna kara dUsaroM para apanI gurusattA calAtA / zAstra aura usakI vyAkhyAe~ vidvadgamya bhASA meM hotI thIM, isase janasAdhAraNa usa samaya una zAstroM se yatheSTa lAbha na uThA pAtA thaa| striyoM, zadroM aura khAsa karake ati zUdroM ko kisI bhI bAta meM Age bar3hane kA pUrA maukA nahIM milatA thaa| unakI AdhyAtmika mahatvAkAMkSAoM ke jAgRta hone kA, athavA jAgRta hone ke bAda unake puSTa rakhane kA koI khAsa Alambana na thaa| pahile se pracalita jaina guruoM kI paramparA meM bhI bar3I zithilatA A gaI thii| gaNa-sattAka athavA rAja-sattAka rAjya idhara-udhara bikhare hue the| yaha saba kalaha meM jitanA anurAga rakhate, utanA mela-milApa meM nhiiN| hara

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[dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra : 35 eka dUsare ko kucala kara apane rAjya ke vistAra karane kA prayatna karatA thaa| aisI paristhiti ko de vakara usa kAla ke kitane hI vicArazIla aura dayAlu vyaktiyoM kA vyAkula honA svAbhAvika hai| usa dazA ko sudhArane kI icchA kitane hI logoM ko hotI hai| vaha sudhArane kA prayatna bhI karate haiM aura aise sAdhAraNa prayatna kara sakane vAle netA kI apekSA rakhate haiN| aise samaya meM buddha aura mahAvIra kA janma hotA hai| __ mahAvIra ke vardhamAna, videhadina aura zramaNa bhagavAn ye tIna nAma aura haiN| videhadinna nAma mAtRpakSa kA sUcaka hai, vardhamAna nAma sabase pahile pdd'aa| tyAgI jIvana meM utkaTa tapa ke kAraNa mahAvIra nAma se prasiddha hue aura upadezaka jIvana meM zramaNa bhagavAn kahalAye / isase hama bhI gRha jIvana, sAdhaka jIvana aura upadezaka jIvana ina tIna bhAgoM meM kramazaH vardhamAna, mahAvIra aura zramaNa bhagavAn ina tIna nAmoM kA prayoga kreNge| ____ mahAvIra kI janma-bhUmi gaMgA ke dakSiNa videha (vartamAna vihAraprAnta) hai, vahA~ kSatriyakuNDa aura kuNDalapura nAma kA eka kasbA thaa| jaina loga use mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke kAraNa tIrthabhUmi mAnate haiN| jAti aura vaMza zrI mahAvIra kI jAti kSatriya thI aura unakA vaMza nAya (jJAta) nAma se prasiddha thaa| unake pitA kA nAma siddhArtha thA, unheM zreyAMsa aura yazAMsa bhI kahate the| cAcA kA nAma supArzva thA aura mAtA ke trizalA, videhadinA tathA priyakAriNI ye tIna nAma the| mahAvIra ke eka bar3A bhAI aura eka bar3I bahina thii| bar3e bhAI nandivardhana kA vivAha unake mAmA tathA vaizAlI nagarI ke adhipati mahArAja ceTaka kI putrI ke sAtha huA thaa| bar3I bahina sunandA kI zAdI kSatriyakUNDa meM huI thI aura usake jamAlI nAma kA eka putra thaa| mahAvIra svAmI kI priyadarzanA nAmaka putrI se usakA vivAha huA thaa| Age calakara jamAlI ne apanI strI-sahita

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36 : cAra tIrthaMkara ] bhagavAn mahAvIra se dIkSA bhI aMgIkAra kara lI thI / zvetAmbaroM kI dhAraNA ke anusAra mahAvIra ne vivAha kiyA thA, unake eka hI patnI thI aura unakA nAma thA yazodA / inake sirpha eka hI kanyA hone kA ullekha milatA hai / jJAta kSatriya siddhArtha kI rAjakIya sattA sAdhAraNa hI hogI, parantu vaibhava aura kulInatA U~ce darje kI honI caahie| kyoMki usake binA vaizAlI ke adhipati ceTaka kI bahina ke sAtha vaivAhika sambandha honA sambhava nahI thA / gRha-jIvana vardhamAna kA bAlyakAla bahutAMza meM krIr3AoM meM vyatIta hotA hai / parantu jaba vaha apanI umra meM Ate haiM aura vivAhakAla prApta hotA hai taba vaha vaivAhika jIvana kI ora aruci prakaTa karate haiM / isase tathA bhAvI tIvra vairAgyamaya jIvana se yaha spaSTa dikhalAI detA hai ki unake hRdaya meM tyAga ke bIja janmasiddha the / unake mAtA-pitA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI ziSyaparamparA ke anuyAyI the / yaha paramparA nirgrantha ke nAma se prasiddha thI aura sAdhAraNa taura para isa paramparA meM tyAga aura tapa kI bhAvanA prabala thI / bhagavAn kA apane kuladharma ke paricaya meM AnA aura usa dharma ke AdarzoM kA usake susaMskRta mana ko AkarSita karanA sarvathA sambhava hai / eka ora janmasiddha vairAgya ke bIja aura dUsarI ora kuladharma ke tyAga aura tapasyA ke AdarzoM kA prabhAva; ina donoM kAraNoM se yogya avasthA ko prApta hote hI vardhamAna ne apane jIvana kA kucha to dhyeya nizcita kiyA hI hogA aura vaha dhyeya bho kona sA ? 'dhArmika jIvana' | isa kAraNa yadi vivAha kI ora aruci huI ho to vaha sAhajika hai / phira bhI jaba mAtA-pitA vivAha ke lie bahuta Agraha karate haiM, taba vardhamAna apanA nizcaya zithila kara dete haiM aura kevala mAtA-pitA ke citta ko santoSa dene ke liye vaivAhika sambandha ko svIkAra kara lete haiM / isa ghaTanA se tathA bar3e bhAI ko prasanna rakhane ke liye gRhavAsa kI avadhi bar3hA dene kI ghaTanA se vardhamAna ke svabhAva ke do tatva spaSTa rUpa se dikhAI dete haiM / eka to bar3e-bUr3hoM ke prati

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[ dIrghaM tapasvI mahAvIra : 37 bahumAna aura dUsare mauke ko dekha kara mUla siddhAnta meM bAdhA na par3ane dete hue samajhautA kara lene kA audAryyaM / yaha dUsarA tatva sAdhaka aura upadezaka jIvana meM kisa prakAra kAma karatA hai, yaha hama Age calakara dekheMge / jaba mAtA-pitA kA svargavAsa huA, taba vardhamAna kI umra 28 varSa kI thI / vivAha ke samaya kI avasthA kA ullekha nahIM milatA / mAtA-pitA ke svargavAsa ke bAda vardhamAna ne gRhatyAga kI pUrI taiyArI kara lI thI; parantu isase jyeSTha bandhu ko kaSTa hote dekha gRha-jIvana ko do varSa aura bar3hA diyA / parantu isaliye ki tyAga kA nizcaya kAyama rahe, gRhavAsI hote hue bhI Apane do varSa taka tyAgiyoM kI bhA~ti hI jIvana vyatIta kiyA / sAdhaka jIvana tIsa varSa kA taruNa kSatriya - putra vardhamAna jaba gRhatyAga karatA hai, taba usakA Antara aura bAhya donoM jIvana ekadama badala jAte haiM / vaha sukumAra rAjaputra apane hAthoM keza kA luMcana karatA hai aura tamAma vaibhavoM ko chor3akara ekAkI jIvana aura laghutA svIkAra karatA hai / usake sAtha hI yAvajjIvana sAmAyika cAritra ( AjIvana samabhAva se rahane kA niyama ) aMgIkAra karatA hai, aura isakA solahoM Ane pAlana karane ke lie bhISaNa pratijJA karatA hai "cAhe daivika, mAnuSika athavA tiryak jAtIya, kisI bhI prakAra kI vighna-bAdhAe~ kyoM na zrAveM, maiM sabako binA kisI dUsare kI madada liye, samabhAva se sahana karU~gA / " isa pratijJA se kumAra ke vIratva aura usake paripUrNa nirvAha se usake mahAn vIratva kA paricaya milatA hai| isI se vaha sAdhaka jIvana meM "mahAvIra" kI khyAti ko prApta karatA hai / mahAvIra ke sAdhanA viSayaka AcArAMga ke prAcIna aura prAmANika varNana se, unake jIvana kI bhinna-bhinna ghaTanAoM se tathA aba taka unake nAma se pracalita sampradAya kI vizeSatA se, yaha jAnanA kaThina nahIM hai ki mahAvIra ko kisa tattva kI sAdhanA karanI thI, aura usa sAdhanoM ke lie unhoMne mukhyataH kauna se sAdhana pasanda kiye the / mahAvIra ahiMsA-tattva kI sAdhanA karanA cAhate the, usake lie saMyama aura

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38 : cAra torthakara] tapa yaha do sAdhana unhoMne pasanda kiye| unhoMne yaha vicAra kiyA ki saMsAra meM jo balavAna hotA hai, vaha nirbala ke sukha aura sAdhana, eka DAkU kI taraha chIna letA hai| yaha apaharaNa karane kI vRtti apane mAne hue sukha ke rAga se, khAsa karake kAyika sukhazIlatA se paidA hotI hai| yaha vRtti hI aisI ki isase zAnti aura samabhAva kA vAyu-maNDala kaluSita hue binA nahIM rahatA hai| pratyeka manuSya ko apanA sukha aura apanI suvidhA itane kImatI mAlUma hote haiM ki usakI dRSTi meM dUsare aneka jIvadhAriyoM kI suvidhA kA kucha mUlya hI nahIM hotaa| isalie pratyeka manuSya yaha pramANita karane kI koziza karatA hai ki jIva, jIva kA bhakSaNa hai "jIvo jIvasya jIvanam / " nirbala ko balavAn kA poSaNa karake apanI upayogitA siddha karanI cAhiye / sukha ke rAga se hI balavAn loga nirbala prANiyoM ke jIvana kI Ahuti dekara usake dvArA apane paraloka kA utkRSTa mArga taiyAra karane kA prayatna karate haiN| isa prakAra sukha kI mithyA bhAvanA aura saMkucita vRtti ke hI kAraNa vyaktiyoM aura samUhoM meM antara bar3hatA, zatratA kI nIMva par3atI hai aura isake phalasvarUpa nirbala balavAn hokara badalA lene kA nizcaya tathA prayatna karate haiM aura badalA lete bhI haiN| isa taraha hiMsA aura pratihiMsA kA aisA malIna vAyumaNDala taiyAra ho jAtA hai ki loga saMsAra ke sukha ko svayaM hI narka banA dete haiM / hiMsA ke isa bhayAnaka svarUpa ke vicAra se mahAvIra ne ahiMsA-tattva meM hI samasta dharmoM kA, samasta karttavyoM kA, prANImAtra kI zAnti kA mUla dekhaa| unheM spaSTa rUpa se dikhAI diyA ki yadi ahiMsA-tattva siddha kiyA jA sake, to hI jagat meM saccI zAnti phailAI jA sakatI hai| yaha vicAra kara unhoMne kAyika sukha kI samatA se vaira-bhAva ko rokane ke lie tapa prArambha kiyA, aura adhairya jaise mAnasika doSa se hone vAlI hiMsA ko rokane ke lie saMyama kA avalambana kiyaa| saMyama kA sambandha mukhyataH mana aura vacana ke sAtha hone ke kAraNa usameM dhyAna aura mauna kA samAveza hotA hai| mahAvIra ko. samasta sAdhaka jIvana meM saMyama aura tapa yahI do bAteM mukhya haiM aura

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[dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra : 36 unheM siddha karane ke liye unhoMne koI 12 varSoM taka jo prayatna kiyA aura usameM jisa tatparatA aura apramAda kA paricaya diyA, vaisA Aja taka kI tapasyA ke itihAsa meM kisI vyakti ne diyA ho yaha nahIM dikhAI detaa| kitane hI loga mahAvIra ke tapa ko deha- duHkha aura deha-damana kaha kara usako avahelanA karate haiM / parantu yadi ve satya tathA nyAya ke liye mahAvIra ke jIvana para gaharAI se vicAra kareMge to yaha mAlUma hue binA na rahegA ki, mahAvIra kA tapa zuSka deha-damana nahIM thaa| vaha saMyama aura tapa donoM para samAna rUpa se jora dete the| vaha jAnate the ki yadi tapa ke abhAva se sahanazIlatA kama huI to dUsaroM kI sukha-suvidhA kI Ahuti dekara apanI sukha-suvidhA bar3hAne kI lAlasA bar3hegI aura usakA phala yaha hogA ki saMyama na raha paavegaa| isI prakAra saMyama ke abhAva meM korA tapa bhI, parAdhIna prANo para anicchApUrvaka A par3e deha-kaSTa kI taraha nirarthaka hai| jyoM-jyoM saMyama aura tapa kI utkaTatA se mahAvIra ahiMsAtattva ke adhikAdhika nikaTa pahaMcate gaye, tyoM-tyoM unakI gambhIra zAnti bar3hane lagI aura usakA prabhAva AsapAsa ke logoM para apane-Apa hone lgaa| mAnasa-zAstra ke niyama ke anusAra eka vyakti ke andara balavAna hone vAlI vRtti kA prabhAva Asa-pAsa ke logoM para jAnaanajAna meM hue binA nahIM rhtaa| ___ isa sAdhakajIvana meM eka ullekha-yogya aitihAsika ghaTanA ghaTatI hai / vaha yaha hai ki mahAvIra kI sAdhanA ke sAtha gozAlaka nAmaka eka vyakti prAyaH 6 varSa vyatIta karatA hai aura phira unase alaga ho jAtA hai| Age cala kara yaha unakA pratipakSI hotA hai aura AjIvaka sampradAya kA nAyaka banatA hai| Aja yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki donoM kisa hetu se sAtha hue aura kyoM alaga hue, parantu eka prasiddha AjIvaka sampradAya ke nAyaka aura tapasvI mahAvIra kA dIrgha kAla taka sAhacarya satyazodhakoM ke liye arthasUcaka avazya hai| 12 varSa kI kaThora aura dIrgha sAdhanA ke pazcAt jaba unheM apane ahiMsA tattva ke siddha ho jAne kI pUrNa pratIti huI, taba ve apanA jIvana

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40 : cAra tIrthaMkara ] krama badalate haiM | ahiMsA kA sArvabhaumadharma usa dIrgha-tapasvI meM paripluta ho gayA thA, aba unake sArvajanika jIvana se kitanI ho bhavya AtmAoM meM parivartana ho jAne kI pUrNa sambhAvanA thI / magadha aura videha deza kA pUrvakAlIna malIna vAyu maNDala dhIre-dhIre zuddha hone lagA thA, kyoMki usameM usa samaya aneka tapasvI aura vicAraka loka-hita kI AkAMkSA se prakAza meM Ane lage the / isI samaya dIrgha tapasvI bhI prakAza meM Aye / upadezaka jIvana zramaNa bhagavAn kA 43 se 72 varSa taka kA yaha dIrgha jIvana sArvajanika sevA meM vyatIta hotA hai / isa samaya meM unake dvArA kiye gaye mukhya kAryoM kI nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai ------ (1) jAti-pAMti kA tanika bhI bheda rakhe binA hara eka ke liye, zUdroM ke liye bhI, bhikSu pada aura guru-pada kA rAstA kholanA / zraSThatAkA AdhAra janma nahIM balki guNa aura guNoM meM bhI pavitra jIvana kI mahattA sthApita karanA / ( 2 ) puruSoM kI taraha striyoM ke vikAsa ke liye bhI pUrI svatantratA aura vidyA tathA AcAra donoM meM striyoM kI pUrNa yogyatA ko mAnanA / unake liye guru- pada kA AdhyAtmika mArga khola denA / (3) loka - bhASA meM tattvajJAna aura AcAra kA upadeza karake kevala vidvadgamya saMskRta bhASA kA moha ghaTAnA aura yogya adhikArI ke liye jJAna prApti meM bhASA kA antarAya dUra karanA / (4) aihika aura pAralaukika sukha ke liye hone vAle yajJa Adi karmakANDoM kI apekSA saMyama tathA tapasyA ke svAvalaMbI tathA puruSArtha - pradhAna mArga kI mahattA sthApita karanA aura ahiMsA-dharma meM prIti utpanna karanA / (5) tyAga aura tapasyA ke nAma para rUr3ha zithilAcAra ke sthAna para sacce tyAga aura saccI tapasyA kI pratiSThA karake bhoga kI jagaha yoga ke mahattva kA vAyu-maMDala cAroM ora utpanna karanA / zramaNa bhagavAn ke ziSyoM ke tyAgI aura gRhastha ye do bhAga the / unake tyAgI bhikSuka ziSya 14000 aura bhikSuka ziSyAe~

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[ dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra : 41 36000 hone kA ullekha milatA hai / isake sivAya lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM gRhastha ziSyoM ke hone kA bhI ullekha hai / tyAgI aura gRhastha ina donoM vargoM meM cAroM varNoM ke strI-puruSa sammilita the / indrabhUti Adi 11 gaNadhara brAhmaNa the / udAvI, meghakumAra Adi aneka kSatriya bhI bhagavAn ke ziSya hue the / zAlibhadra ityAdi vaizya aura mahatAraja tathA harikezI jaise atizUdra bhI bhagavAn kI pavitra dIkSA kA pAlana kara ucca patha ko pahuMce the / sAdhviyoM meM candanabAlA kSatriya-putrI thIM, devAnandA brAhmaNI thIM / gRhasthoM meM unake mAmA vaizAlIpati ceTaka, rAjagRhI ke mahArAjA zreNika ( bimbasAra ) aura unakA putra koNika ( ajAtazatru) Adi aneka kSatriya bhUpati the | Ananda, kAmadeva Adi pradhAna dasa zrAvakoM meM zakaDAla kumhAra jAti kA thA aura zeSa 6 vaizya khetI aura pazu-pAlana para nirvAha karane vAle the / DhaMka kumhAra hote hue bhI bhagavAn kA samajhadAra aura dRr3ha upAsaka thA / khandaka, ambar3a Adi aneka parivrAjaka tathA somIla Adi aneka vidvAn brAhmaNoM ne zramaNa bhagavAn kA anusaraNa kiyA thA / gRhastha upAsikAoM meM revatI, sulasA aura jayantI ke nAma prakhyAta haiM / jayantI jaisI bhakta thI vaisI hI viduSI bhI thI / AjAdI ke sAtha bhagavAn se prazna karatI aura uttara sunatI thI / bhagavAn ne usa samaya striyoM kI yogyatA kisa prakAra A~kI, usakA yaha udAharaNa hai / mahAvIra ke samakAlIna dharmapravartakoM meM Ajakala kucha thor3e hI logoM ke nAma milate haiM - tathAgata gautamabuddha, pUrNa kazyapa, saMjaya velaTThaputta, pakutra kaccAyata, ajita kesa kambali aura maMkhalI gozAlaka / samajhautA - zramaNa bhagavAn ke pUrva se hI jaina- sampradAya calA A rahA thA, jo nirgrantha ke nAma se vizeSa prasiddha thA / usa samaya pradhAna nirgrantha kezIkumAra Adi the / ve saba apane ko zrI pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke anuyAyI mAnate the / ve kapar3e pahanate the aura so bhI taraha-taraha ke raMga ke / isa prakAra vaha cAturyAma dharma arthAt ahiMsA, satya, asteya aura aparigraha ina cAra mahAvratoM kA pAlana karate the /

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42 : cAra tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAn ne isa paramparA ke khilApha apane vyavahAra se do bAteM naI pracalita kI-eka acela dharma, dUsarI brahmacarya (striivirmnn)| pahile kI pamparA meM vastra aura strI ke sambandha meM avazya zithilatA A gaI hogI aura use dUra karane ke liye acela dharma aura strI-viramaNa ko nirgranthatva meM sthAna diyA gayA / aparigraha vrata se strI-viramaNa ko alaga karake cAra ke badale pA~ca mahAvratoM ke pAlana karane kA niyama bnaayaa| zrI pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke suyogya netAoM ne isa saMzodhana ko svIkRta kiyA aura prAcIna tathA navona donoM bhikSuoM kA sammelana huaa| kitane hI vidvAnoM kA yaha mata hai ki isa samajhaute meM vastra rakhane tathA na rakhane kA jo matabheda zAnta huA thA vaha Age calakara phira pakSapAta kA rUpa dhAraNa karake zvetAmbara, digambara sampradAya ke rUpa meM dhadhaka utthaa| yadyapi sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane vAle vidvAnoM ko zvetAmbara-digambara meM koI mahattvapUrNa bheda nahIM jAna par3atA; parantu Ajakala to sampradAya-bheda kI asmitA ne donoM zAkhAoM meM nAzakAriNI agni utpanna kara dI hai| itanA hI nahIM balki thor3e-thor3e abhiniveza ke kAraNa Aja dUsare bhI aneka choTe-bar3e bheda bhagavAn ke anekAntavAda (syAdvAda) ke nIce khar3e ho gaye haiN| upadeza kA rahasya zramaNa bhagavAn ke samagra jIvana aura upadeza kA saMkSipta rahasya do bAtoM meM A jAtA hai| AcAra meM pUrNa ahiMsA aura tattvajJAna meM anekAnta / unake sampradAya ke AcAra ko aura zAstra ke vicAra ko ina tattvoM kA hI bhASya smjhiye| vartamAna kAla ke vidvAnoM kA yahI niSpakSa mata hai| vipakSI __ zramaNa bhagavAn ke ziSyoM meM unase alaga hokara unake khilApha virodhI pantha pracalita karane vAle unake jAmAtA kSatriya-putra jamAlI the| isa samaya to unakI smRtimAtra jaina granthoM meM hai| dUsare pratipakSI unake pUrva sahacara gozAlaka the| unakA AjIvaka pantha rUpAntara pAkara Aja bhI hindustAna meM maujUda hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra

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[ dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra : 43 ke jIvana kA mukhya bhAga videha aura magadha meM vyatIta huA hai / aisA jAna par3atA hai ki ve adhika se adhika yamunA ke kinAre taka Aye hoMge / zrAvastI, kauzAMbI, tAmralipta, campA aura rAjagRhI ina zaharoM meM vaha bAra-bAra Ate-jAte aura rahate the / upasaMhAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tapasyA aura unake zAntipUrNa dIrghajIvana aura upadeza se usa samaya magadha, videha, kAzI, kozala aura dUsare kitane hI pradezoM ke dhArmika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM bar3I krAnti ho gaI thI / usakA pramANa kevala zAstra ke pannoM meM hI nahIM, balki hindustAna ke mAnasika jagat meM aba taka jAgRta ahiMsA aura tapa kA svAbhAvika anurAga hai| Aja se 2456 varSa pUrva rAjagRhI ke pAsa pAvApurI nAmaka pavitra sthAna meM kArttika kRSNA amAvasa kI rAta ko isa tapasvI kA aihika jovana pUrA huA ( nirvANa huA) aura unake sthApita saMgha kA bhAra unake pradhAna-ziSya sudharmA svAmI para A par3A / I. sa. 1633]

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dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa devIpUjA meM se manuSyapUjA kA kramika vikAsa - anya dezoM aura prajA kI bhA~ti isa deza meM aura Arya - prajA meM bhI prAcIna kAla se kriyAkANDa aura vahamoM ke rAjya ke sAtha thor3A - bahuta AdhyAtmika bhAva maujUda thA / vaidika maMtra-yuga aura brAhmaNayuga ke vistRta aura jaTila kriyAkANDa jaba yahA~ hote the taba bhI AdhyAtmika cintana, tapa kA anuSThAna aura bhUta-dayA kI bhAvanA, ye tatva maujUda the, yadyapi the ve alpa mAtrA meM / dhIre-dhIre sadguNoM kA mahattva bar3hatA gayA aura kriyAkANDa tathA vahamoM kA rAjya ghaTatA gayA / prajA ke mAnasa meM, jyoM-jyoM sadguNoM kI pratiSThA sthAna prApta karatI gaI, tyoM-tyoM usake mAnasa se kriyAkANDa aura vahama haTate gaye / kriyAkANDa aura vahamoM kI pratiSThA ke sAtha hamezA adRzya zakti kA sambandha jur3A rahatA hai| jabataka koI adRzya zakti mAnI yA manAI na jAve (phira bhale hI vaha deva, dAnava, daitya, bhUta, pizAca yA kisI bhI nAma se kahI jAya ) taba taka kriyAkANDa aura vahama na cala sakate haiM aura na jIvita hI raha sakate haiM / ataeva kriyAkANDa aura vahamoM ke sAmrAjya ke samaya, unake sAtha devapUjA anivArya rUpa se jur3I huI ho, yaha svAbhAvika hai| isake viparIta sadguNoM kI upAsanA aura pratiSThA ke sAtha kisI adRzya zakti kA nahIM varan pratyakSa dikhAI denevAlI manuSya vyakti kA sambandha hotA hai / sadguNoM kI upAsanA karane vAlA yA dUsaroM ke samakSa usa Adarza ko upasthita karane vAlA vyakti, kisI viziSTa manuSya ko hI apanA Adarza mAnakara usakA anukaraNa karane kA prayatna karatA hai / isa prakAra sadguNoM kI pratiSThA kI vRddhi ke sAtha hI sAtha adRzya devapUjA kA sthAna dRzya manuSyapUjA ko prApta hotA hai / manuSyapUjA kI pratiSThA yadyapi sadguNoM kI upAsanA aura manuSyapUjA kA pahale se hI vikAsa hotA jA rahA thA, tathApi bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ina

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[ dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa : 45 donoM ke samaya meM isa vikAsa ko asAdhAraNa vizeSatA prApta huI, jisake kAraNa kriyAkANDa aura vahamoM ke kiloM ke sAtha sAtha usake adhiSThAyaka adRzya devoM kI pUjA ko bhI tIvra AghAta pahu~cA / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha kA yuga sacamuca manuSya pUjA kA yuga thA / isa yuga meM saikar3oM-hajAroM strI-puruSa kSamA, santoSa, tapa, dhyAna Adi sadguNoM ke saMskAra prApta karane ke liye apane jIvana ko arpaNa karate haiM aura ina guNoM kI parAkASThA ko pahu~ce hue apane zraddhAspada mahAvIra aura buddha jaise manuSya-v - vyaktiyoM kI, dhyAna yA mUrti dvArA pUjA karate haiM / isa prakAra mAnavapUjA ke bhAva kI bar3hatI ke sAtha hI devamUtti kA sthAna vizeSataH manuSyamUrti ko prApta hotA hai / mahAvIra aura buddha jaise tapasvI, tyAgI aura jJAnI puruSoM dvArA sadguNoM kI upAsanA ko vega milA aura usakA spaSTa prabhAva kriyAkANDa-pradhAna brAhmaNa-saMskRti para pdd'aa| vaha yaha ki jo brAhmaNa-saMskRti eka bAra deva, dAnava aura daityoM kI bhAvanA evaM upAsanA meM mukhya rUpa se mazagUla thI, usane bhI manuSyapUjA ko sthAna diyA / aba janatA adRzya deva ke badale kisI mahAna vibhUtirUpa manuSya ko pUjane, mAnane aura usakA Adarza apane jIvana meM utArane ke liye tatpara huI / isa tatparatA kA upazamana karane ke liye brAhmaNa-saMskRti ne rAma aura kRSNa ke mAnavIya Adarza kI kalpanA kI aura eka manuSya ke rUpa meM unakI pUjA pracalita ho gaI / mahAvIra buddha yuga se pahale rAma aura kRSNa kI, Adarza manuSya ke rUpa meM pUjA hone kA koI bhI cihna zAstroM meM nahIM dikhAI detA / isake viparIta mahAvIra - buddha yuga ke pazcAt yA usa yuga ke sAtha hI sAtha rAma aura kRSNa kI manuSya ke rUpa meM pUjA hone ke hameM spaSTa pramANa milate haiM / isase tathA anya sAdhanoM se yaha mAnane ke liye paryApta kAraNa haiM ki mAnavIya pUjA kI majabUta nIMva mahAvIra - buddha yuga meM DAlI gaI aura devapUjakavarga meM bhI manuSyapUjA ke vividha prakAra aura sampradAya isI yuga meM prArambha hue / manuSyapUjA meM devIbhAva kA mizraNa lAkhoM-karor3oM manuSyoM ke mana meM saikar3oM aura hajAroM varSo

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46 : cAra tIrthaMkara ] / se jo saMskAra rUr3ha ho cuke hoM, unheM ekAdha prayatna se, thor3e se samaya meM badala denA saMbhava nahIM / isa prakAra alaukika devamahimA, daivI camatkAra aura devapUjA kI bhAvanA ke saMskAra prajA ke mAnasa meM se ekadama na nikala sake the / inhIM saMskAroM ke kAraNa brAhmaNasaMskRti ne yadyapi rAma aura kRSNa jaise manuSyoM ko Adarza ke rUpa meM upasthita karake unakI pUjA-pratiSThA zurU kI, tathApi prajA kI manovRtti aisI na bana sakI thI ki vaha daivIbhAva ke sivAya aura kahIM saMtuSTa ho sake / isa kAraNa brAhmaNa saMskRti ke tatkAlIna aguvA vidvAnoM ne, yadyapi rAma aura kRSNa ko eka manuSya ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA, varNita kiyA, to bhI unake Antarika aura bAhya jIvana ke sAtha adRzya devo kArya kA sambandha bhI jor3a diyA / isI prakAra mahAvIra aura buddha Adi ke upAsakoM ne unheM zuddha manuSya ke svarUpa meM hI citrita kiyA, phira bhI unake jIvana ke kisI na kisI bhAga ke sAtha alaukika daivI -sambandha bhI jor3a diyA / brAhmaNa-saMskRti Atmatattva ko eka aura akhaNDa mAnatI hai ataH usane rAma aura kRSNa ke jIvana kA aisA citraNa kiyA jo apane mantavya se mela rakhane vAlA aura sAtha hI sthUla logoM kI devI pUjA kI bhAvanA ko bhI santuSTa karane vAlA ho / usane paramAtmA viSNu ke hI rAma aura kRSNa ke rUpa meM avatAra lene kA varNana kiyA / parantu zramaNa saMskRti Atmabheda ko svIkAra karatI hai aura karmavAdI hai, ata; usane apane tattvajJAna ke anurUpa hI apane upAsya devoM kA varNana kiyA aura janatA kI daivIpUjA kI AkAMkSA miTAne ke liye anucara aura bhaktoM ke rUpa meM devoM kA sambandha mahAvIra aura buddha Adi ke sAtha jor3a diyA / isa prakAra donoM saMskRtiyoM kA antara spaSTa hai / eka meM manuSyapUjA kA praveza ho jAne para bhI divya aMza hI manuSya ke rUpa meM avatarita hotA hai arthAt Adarza manuSya alaukika divya zakti kA pratinidhi banatA hai aura dUsarI saMskRti meM manuSya apane sadguNa- prApti ke liye kiye gaye prayatna se svayameva deva banatA hai aura janatA meM mAne jAne vAle deva usa Adarza manuSya ke sevaka mAtra haiM aura usake bhakta yA anucara banakara usake pIchepIche phirate haiM /

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[dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa : 47 cAra mahAn Arya-puruSa mahAvIra aura buddha kI aitihAsikatA nirvivAda hai-usameM sandeha ko jarA bhI avakAza nahIM hai, jaba ki rAma aura kRSNa ke viSaya meM isase ulaTI hI bAta hai| inakI aitihAsikatA ke viSaya meM jaise pramANoM kI AvazyakatA hai vaise pramANa upalabdha nahIM haiN| ataH inake sambandha meM paraspara virodhI aneka kalpanAe~ phaila rahI haiN| itanA hone para bhI prajA ke mAnasa meM rAma aura kRSNa kA vyaktitva itanA adhika vyApaka aura gaharA aMkita hai ki prajA ke vicAra se to ye donoM mahAn puruSa sacce aitihAsika hI haiM / vidvAn aura saMzodhaka loga unakI aitihAsikatA ke viSaya meM bhale hI vAdavivAda aura UhApoha kiyA kareM, usakA pariNAma bhale hI kucha bhI ho, phira bhI janatA ke hRdaya para inake vyaktitvakI jo chApa baiThI huI hai, use dekhate hue to yaha kahanA hI par3atA hai ki ye donoM mahApuruSa janatA ke hRdaya ke hAra haiN| isa prakAra vicAra karane se pratIta hotA hai ki AryaprajA meM manuSya ke rUpa meM pUjita cAra hI puruSa hamAre sAmane upasthita hote haiM aura Aryadharma kI vaidika, jaina aura bauddha tInoM zAkhAoM ke pUjya puruSa ukta cAra hI haiN| yahI cAroM puruSa bhinna-bhinna prAntoM meM, bhinna-bhinna jAtiyoM meM bhinnabhinna rUpa se pUje jAte haiN| cAroM ko saMkSipta tulanA__rAma aura kRSNa evaM mahAvIra aura buddha ye donoM yugala kahiye yA cAroM mahAn puruSa kahiye, kSatriya jAtIya haiN| cAroM ke janmasthAna uttara-bhArata meM haiM aura sivAya rAmacandrajI ke, kisI kA bhI pravRttikSetra dakSiNa bhArata nahIM banA / rAma aura kRSNa kA Adarza eka prakAra kA hai aura mahAvIra tathA buddha kA dUsare prakAra kaa| vaidikasUtra aura smRtiyoM meM varNita varNAzrama dharma ke anusAra rAjyazAsana karanA, gobrAhmaNa kA pratipAlana karanA, usI ke anusAra nyAya-anyAya kA nirNaya karanA aura isI prakAra nyAya kA rAjya sthApita karanA yaha rAma aura kRSNa ke upalabdha jIvana-vRttAntoM kA Adarza hai| isameM bhoga hai, yuddha

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48 : cAra tIrthaMkara ] hai aura tamAma duniyAvI pravRttiyA~ haiM / parantu yaha pravRtti cakra janasAdhAraNa ko nitya ke jIvana krama meM padArthapATha dene ke liye hai / mahAvIra aura buddha ke jIvanavRttAnta isase bilakula bhinna prakAra ke haiM / inameM na bhoga kI dhamAcaukar3I hai aura na yuddha kI taiyArI hI / inameM to sabase pahale apane jIvana ke zodhana kA ho prazna upasthita hotA hai aura unake apane jIvana kI zuddhi hone ke pazcAt hI, usake phalasvarUpa prajA ko upayogI hone kI bAta hai / rAma aura kRSNa ke jIvana meM sattvasaMzuddhi hone para bhI rajoguNa mukhya rUpa se kAma karatA hai aura mahAvIra tathA buddha ke jIvana meM rAjasa aMza hone para bhI mukhya rUpa se sattvasaMzuddhi kAma karatI hai / ataeva pahale Adarza meM antarmukhatA hone para bhI mukhya rUpa se bahirmukhatA pratIta hotI hai aura dUsare meM vahirmukhatA hone para bhI mukhya rUpa se antamukhatA kA pratibhAsa hotA hai / isI bAta ko yadi dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to yaha kaha sakate haiM ki eka Adarza karma cakra kA hai aura dUsarA dharma cakra kA hai / ina donoM vibhinna AdarzoM ke anusAra hI ina mahApuruSoM ke saMpradAya sthApita hue haiM / unakA sAhitya bhI usI prakAra nirmita huA hai aura pracAra meM AyA hai / unake anuyAyIvarga kI bhAvanAe~ bhI isa Adarza ke anusAra gar3hI gaI haiM aura unake matthe mar3he hue tattvajJAna meM isI pravRtti nivRtti ke cakra ko lakSya karake sArA taMtra saMgaThita kiyA gayA hai / ukta cAroM hI mahAn puruSoM kI mUrtiyA~ dekhiye, unakI pUjA ke prakAroM para najara DAliye yA unake maMdiroM kI racanA tathA sthApatya kA vicAra kIjiye, to bhI unameM isa pravRtti cakra aura nivRtti cakra kI bhinnatA sApha dikhAI degI / ukta cAra mahAn puruSoM meM se yadi buddha ko alaga kara deM to sAmAnyatayA yaha kaha sakate haiM ki bAkI ke tInoM puruSoM kI pUjA, unake sampradAya tathA unakA anuyAyIvarga bhAratavarSa meM hI vidyamAna haiM; jaba ki buddha kI pUjA, unakA sampradAya tathA anuyAyIvarga eziyA - vyApI banA hai / rAma aura kRSNa ke AdarzoM kA pracAraka-varga purohita hone ke kAraNa gRhastha hai jaba ki mahAvIra aura buddha ke AdarzoM kA pracAraka-varga gRhastha nahIM, tyAgI hai| rAma aura kRSNa ke upAsakoM meM hajAroM saMnyAsI haiM, phira bhI vaha saMsthA mahAvIra

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[dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSga : 46 evaM buddha ke bhikSusaMgha kI bhA~ti tantrabaddha yA vyavasthita nahIM hai| guru padavo ko dhAraNa karane vAlI hajAroM striyA~ Aja bhI mahAvIra aura buddha ke bhikSasaMgha meM maujada haiM, jaba ki rAma aura kRSNa ke upAsaka saMnyAsIvarga meM vaha vastu nahIM hai| rAma aura kRSNa ke mukha se sAkSAt upadeza kiye hae kisI zAstra ke hone ke pramANa nahIM haiM jaba ki mahAvIra aura buddha ke mukha se sAkSAt upadiSTa thor3e bahuta aMza aba bhI nirvivAda rUpa se maujUda haiN| rAma aura kRSNa ke matthe mar3he hue zAstra saMskRta-bhASA meM haiM, jaba ki mahAvIra aura buddha ke upadeza tatkAlIna pracalita loka-bhASA meM haiN| tulanA kI maryAdA aura usake daSTibindu hindustAna meM sArvajanika pUjA pAye hae Upara ke cAra mahApuruSoM meM se kisI bhI eka ke jIvana ke viSaya meM vicAra karanA ho yA unake sampradAya, tattvajJAna athavA kAryakSetra kA vicAra karanA ho to avazeSa tInoM ke sAtha sambandha rakhanevAlI usa-usa vastu kA vicAra bhI sAtha hI karanA cAhie kyoMki isa samagra bhArata meM eka hI jAti aura eka hI kuTumba meM akasara cAroM puruSoM kI yA unameM se aneka puruSoM kI pUjA yA mAnyatA pracalita thI aura aba bhI hai| ataeva ina pUjya puruSoM ke Adarza mUlataH bhinna-bhinna hone para bhI bAda meM unameM Apasa meM bahuta-sA lena dena huA hai aura eka dUsare kA eka dUsare para bahuta prabhAva par3A hai| vastusthiti isa prakAra kI hone para bhI yahA~ para sirpha dharmavIra mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sAtha karmavIra kRSNa ke jIvana kI tulanA karane kA hI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM mahAn puruSoM ke jIvana-prasaMgoM kI tulanA bhI uparyukta maryAdA ke bhItara rahakara hI karane kA vicAra hai| samagra jIvanavyApI tulanA evaM cAroM puruSoM kI eka sAtha vistRta tulanA karane ke lie jisa samaya aura svAsthya kI AvazyakatA hai, usakA isa samaya abhAva hai / ataeva yahA~ bahuta hI saMkSepa meM tulanA kI jaaygo| mahAvIra ke janmakSaNa se lekara kevala jJAna kI prApti taka ke prasaMgoM ko kRSNa ke janma se lekara kaMsa-vadha taka kI kucha ghaTanAoM ke sAtha milAna kiyA jaaygaa| yaha tulanA mukhya rUpa se tIna dRSTi-binduoM ko lakSya karake kI jAyagI

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50 : cAra tIrthaMkara ] (1) prathama to yaha phalita karanA ki donoM ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM meM kyA saMskRtibheda hai ? (2) dUsare, isa bAta kI parIkSA karanA ki isa ghaTanA varNana kA eka dUsare para kucha prabhAva par3A hai yA nahIM ? aura isase kitanA parivartana aura vikAsa siddha huA hai ? (3) tIsare, yaha ki janatA meM dharmabhAvanA jAgRta rakhane aura sampradAya kA AdhAra sudRr3ha banAne ke liye kathA-granthoM evaM jIvanavRttAntoM meM pradhAna rUpa se kina sAdhanoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thA, isakA pRthakkaraNa karanA aura usake aucitya kA vicAra krnaa| parasampradAyoM ke zAstroM meM upalabdha nirdeza evaM varNana___ Upara kahe hue dRSTibinduoM se katipaya ghaTanAoM kA ullekha karane se pUrva eka bAta yahA~ khAsa ullekhanIya hai / vaha vicArakoM ke liye kautUhalavaddhaka hai, itanA hI nahIM varan aneka aitihAsika rahasyoM ke udghATana aura vizleSaNa ke liye unase satata aura avalokanapUrNa madhyastha prayatna kI apekSA bhI rakhatI hai| vaha yaha haibauddhapiTakoM meM jJAtRputra ke rUpameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anekoM bAra spaSTa nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai parantu rAma aura kRSNa meM se kisI kA bhI nirdeza nahIM hai| pIche kI bauddha jAtakoM meM ( dekhiye dazaratha jAtaka naM0 461 ) rAma aura sItA kI kucha kathA AyI hai parantu vaha vAlmIki ke varNana se ekadama bhinna prakAra kI hai| usameM sItA ko rAma kI bahina kahA gayA hai| kRSNa kI kathA to kisI bhI bauddhagrantha meM Aja taka mere dekhane meM nahIM aayii| kintu jainazAstroM meM rAma aura kRSNa-ina donoM kI jIvanakathAoM ne kAphI sthAna gherA hai| Agama mAne jAne vAle aura anya Agama granthoM kI apekSA prAcIna gine jAne vAle aMga-sAhitya meM, rAmacandra jo kI kathA to nahIM hai, phira bhI kRSNa kI kathA do aMgoM-jJAtA aura aMtagaDa-meM spaSTa aura vistRta rUpa se AtI hai| Agama granthoM meM sthAna na pAne vAlI rAmacandra jI kI kathA bhI pichale zvetAmbara, digambara donoM ke prAkRta-saMskRta ke kathA-sAhitya meM viziSTa sthAna prApta karatI haiM / jainasAhitya meM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI jagaha jaina-rAmAyaNa taka bana jAtI hai yaha to spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara, digambara-donoM ke

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[ dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa : 51 sAhitya meM rAma aura kRSNa kI kathA brAhmaNa - sAhitya jaisI ho hI nahIM sakatI, phira bhI ina kathAoM aura inake varNana kI jaina zailI ko dekhate hue yaha spaSTa pratIta ho jAtA hai ki ye kathAe~ mUlataH brAhmaNa-sAhitya kI hI honI cAhiye aura lokapriya hone para unheM jaina sAhitya meM jaina dRSTi se sthAna diyA gayA honA cAhiye / isa viSaya ko hama Age calakara spaSTa kareMge / Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki jaina-saMskRti se apekSAkRta adhika bhinna brAhmaNa-saMskRti ke mAnanIya rAma aura kRSNa ne jainasAhitya meM jitanA sthAna rokA hai, isase hajAraveM bhAga jitanA bhI sthAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna aura unakI saMskRti se apekSAkRta adhika najadIka tathAgata buddha ke varNana ko prApta nahIM huA / buddha kA spaSTa yA aspaSTa nAma nirdeza kevala Agama granthoM meM eka jagaha AtA hai ( yadyapi unake tattvajJAna kI sUcanAe~ vizeSa pramANa meM milatI haiM ) / yaha to huA bauddha aura jaina - kathA granthoM meM rAma aura kRSNa kI kathA ke viSaya meM; aba hameM yaha bhI dekhanA cAhiye ki brAhmaNa - zAstra meM mahAvIra aura buddha kA nirdeza kaisA kyA hai ? purANoM se pahale ke kisI brAhmaNa-grantha meM tathA vizeSa prAcIna mAne jAne vAle purANoM meM yahA~ taka ki mahAbhArata meM bhI, aisA koI nirdeza yA anya varNana nahIM hai jo dhyAna AkarSita kare / phira bhI isI brAhmaNa-saMskRti ke atyanta prasiddha aura atizaya mAnanIya bhAgavata meM buddha, viSNu ke eka avatAra ke rUpa meM brAhmaNamAnya sthAna prApta karate haiM, ThIka isI prakAra jaise jaina granthoM meM kRSNa eka bhAvI tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM sthAna pAte haiM / isa prakAra pahale ke brAhmaNa-sAhitya meM sthAna prApta na kara sakane vAle buddha dhIme-dhIme isa sAhitya meM eka avatAra ke rUpa meM pratiSThA prApta karate haiM; jaba ki svayaM bhagavAn buddha ke samakAlIna aura unake sAtha hI sAtha brAhmaNa-saMskRti ke pratispardhI, tejasvI puruSa ke rUpa meM eka viziSTa sampradAya ke nAyaka pada ko dhAraNa karane vAle, itihAsaprasiddha bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kisI bhI prAcIna yA arvAcIna brAhmaNagrantha meM sthAna prApta nahIM hotA / yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna AkarSita karane vAlI bAta to yaha hai ki mahAvIra ke nAma yA jIvana-vRttAnta kA kucha bhI nirdeza brAhmaNa - sAhitya meM nahIM hai, phira bhI bhAgavata jaise

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52 : cAra tIrthaMkara] lokapriya graMtha meM jaina-sampradAya ke pUjya aura ati prAcIna mAne jAne vAle prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI kathA ne saMkSipta hone para bhI mArmika aura AdaraNIya sthAna pAyA hai| --- tulanA ( isa tulanA meM, jina zabdoM ko moTe TAipa meM diyA gayA hai, una para bhASA aura bhAva kI samAnatA dekhane ke liye pAThakoM ko khAsa lakSya denA caahiye| aisA karane se Age kA vivecana spaSTa rUpa meM samajhA jA skegaa|) garbhaharaNa ghaTanA* mahAvIra kRSNajambUdvIpa ke bharata kSetra meM asuroM kA upadrava miTAne ke brAhmaNakuNDa nAmaka grAma thaa| lie devoM kI prArthanA se viSNu usameM basane vAle RSabhadatta ne avatAra lene kA nizcaya karake nAmaka brAhmaNa kI devAnandA nAma yogamAyA nAmaka apanI zakti kI strI ke garbha meM nandana muni ko bulaayaa| usako saMbodhana kA jIva dazaveM devaloka se cyuta karake viSNu ne kahA-'ta jA hokara avatarita huA / tairAsIveM aura devakI ke garbha meM merA jo dina indra kI AjJA se usake zeSa aMza AyA huA hai, use senApati naigameSI deva ne isa garbha vahA~ se saMkarSaNa ( haraNa ) karake ko kSatriya-kRNDa nAmaka grAma ke vasUdeva kI hI dUsarI strI nivAsI siddhArtha kI dharmapatnI rohiNI ke garbha meM praveza kara, trizalA rAnI ke garbha meM badala jo balabhadra rAma ke rUpa meM avakara usa rAnI ke putrI rUpa garbha tAra legA aura tU nandapatnI ko devAnandA kI kokha meM rakha yazodA ke ghara putrI rUpa meM * kisI bhI digambara sampradAya ke graMtha meM, mahAvIra ke jIvana meM isa ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM hai|

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[ dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa : 53 avatAra pAyegI / jaba maiM devakI ke AThaveM garbha ke rUpa meM janma lUMgA taba terA bhI yazodA ke ghara janma hogA / eka sAtha janme hue hama donoM kA, eka dUsare ke yahA~ parivartana hogA / ' viSNu kI AjJA zirodhArya karake usa yogamAyA zakti ne devakI ko yoganidrAvaza karake sAtaveM mahIne usakI kokha meM se zeSa garbha kA rohiNI kI kukSi meM saMharaNa kiyaa| isa garbha - saMharaNa karane kA viSNu kA hetu yaha thA ki kaMsa ko, jo devakI se janme huye bAlakoM kI ginatI karatA thA aura AThaveM bAlaka ko apanA karane ke lie tatpara thA, ginatI pUrNa zatru mAnakara usakA nAza karane meM zikasta denA / jaba kRSNa kA janma huA taba devatA Adi saba ne puSpa Adi kI vRSTi karake utsava mnaayaa| janma hote hI vasudeva tatkAla janme huye bAlaka kRSNa ko uThA kara yazodA ke yahA~ pahu~cAne le gaye / taba dvArapAla tathA anya rakSaka loga yogamAyA kI zakti se nidrAvaza ho aceta ho gaye / diyA / usa samaya usa deva ne ina donoM mAtAoM ko apanI zakti se khAsa nidrAvaza karake bebhAna - sI banA diyA thA / nau mAsa pUrNa hone para trizalA kI vahI kokha se janma pAne vAlA, jIva, bhagavAn mahAvIra huA / garbhaharaNa karAne se pUrva isakI sUcanA indra ko Asana ke kAMpane se milI thI / indra ne Asana ke kA~pane ke kAraNa kA vicAra kiyA to use mAlUma huA ki tIrthaMkara sirpha ucca aura zuddha kSatriya kula meM hI janma le sakate haiM, ataH tuccha bhikhArI aura nIca isa brAhmaNakula meM mahAvIra ke jIva kA avatarita honA yogya nahIM hai / aisA vicAra kara indra ne apane saMkalpa ke anusAra, apane anucara devoM ke dvArA yogya garbha-parivartana karAkara karttavya pAlana kiyA / mahAvIra ke jIva ne pUrva bhava meM bahuta dIrghakAla pUrva kulamada karake jo nIca gotra upArjana kiyA thA, usake anivArya phala ke rUpa meM nIca yA tuccha gine jAne vAle brAhmaNa kula meM thoDe samaya ke liye hI sahI, unheM janma lenA hI par3A / bhagavAn ke janma samaya vividha - bhAgavata dazamaskandha a0 2, zlo0 1 13 tathA a 0 3 zlo0 46-50 /

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54 : cAra tIrthaMkara] deva-deviyoM ne amRta, gandha, puSpa, suvarNa, cA~dI Adi kI varSA kii| janma ke pazcAt snAtra ke liye indra jaba meru para le gayA taba usane trizalA mAtA ko avasvApanI nidrA se bebhAna kara diyaa| -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 2, pR0 16-16 / ( 2 ) parvata-kampana jaba deva-deviyA~ mahAvIra kA indra ke dvArA kiye huye upajanmAbhiSeka karane ke lie le dravoM se rakSaNa karane ke lie gaye taba unheM apanI zakti kA taruNa kRSNa ne yojana pramANa paricaya dene ke liye aura unakI govardhana parvata ko sAta dina taka zaMkA kA nivAraNa karane ke liye Upara uThAye rkhaa| isa tatkAla prasUta bAlaka ne -bhAgavata dazamaskandha, a0 43 kevala apane paira ke aMgUThe se zlo0 26-27 / dabAkara eka eka lAkha yojana ke sumeru parvata ko ka~pA diyaa| -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 2, pR0 19 / bAla-krIr3A (1) karIba ATha varSa kI (1) kRSNa jaba anya gvAlaumra meM jaba vIra bAlaka rAja- bAlakoM ke sAtha khela rahe the, taba putroM ke sAtha khela rahe the, taba unake zatru kaMsa dvArA mArane ke svarga meM indra ke dvArA kI huI liye bheje huye agha nAmaka asura unakI prazaMsA sunakara, vahA~ kA ne eka yojana jitanA lambA sarpa

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[dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa : 55 eka matsarI deva bhagavAn ke rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura bIca parAkrama kI parIkSA karane aayaa| rAste meM par3A rhaa| vaha kRSNa pahale usane eka vikarAla sarpa ke sAtha samasta bAlakoM ko kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| yaha dekha- nigala gyaa| yaha dekhakara kRSNa kara dUsare rAjakumAra to Darakara isa sarpa kA galA isa taraha dabA bhAga gaye, paranta kumAra mahAvIra liyA ki jisase usa sarpa aghAne jarA bhI bhayabhIta na hote haye sura kA mastaka phaTa gayA, usakA usa sA~pa ko rassI kI bhA~ti dama nikala gayA aura vaha mara uThAkara dUra pheMka diyaa| gyaa| saba bAlaka usake mukha meM se sakuzala bAhara nikala aaye| -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, yaha vRttAnta sunakara kaMsa nirAza parva 10, sarga 2, pRSTha 21 / / hamA aura devatA tathA gvAla prasanna huye| -bhAgavata dazamaskandha, a011, zlo0 12-35, pRSTha 838 / (2) phira isI deva ne mahA- (2) Apasa meM eka dUsare vIra ko vicalita karane ke lie ko ghor3A banAkara usa para car3hane dUsarA mArga liyaa| jaba saba kA khela kRSNa aura balabhadra bAlaka Apasa meM ghor3A banakara, gvAla-bAlakoM ke sAtha khela rahe eka dUsare ko vahana karane kA the| usa samaya kaMsa dvArA bhejA khela khela rahe the taba vaha deva huA pralamba nAmaka asura usa bAlaka kA rUpa dharakara mahAvIra khela meM sammilita ho gyaa| vaha kA ghor3A bana gyaa| usane daivI kRSNa aura balabhadra ko ur3A le zakti se pahAr3a-sA vikarAla rUpa jAnA cAhatA thaa| vaha balabhadra banAyA, phira bhI mahAvIra isase ko ghor3A banAkara unheM dUra le tanika bhI na Dare aura ghoDA gayA aura eka pracaNDa evaM banakara khelane ke liye Aye haye vikarAla rUpa usane prakaTa kiyaa| usa deva ko sirpha eka muTThI anta meM balabhadra ne bhayabhIta na mAra kara jhukA diyaa| anta meM hote huye sakhta muSTi prahAra kiyA yaha parIkSaka matsarI deva bhagavAn jisase usake muMha se khUna girane ke parAkrama se prasanna hokara, unheM lagA aura use mAra ddaalaa|

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56 : cAra tIrthaMkara ] pramANa karake apane rAste calA gayA / - triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 2, pR0 21-22 / ( 1 ) eka bAra dIrgha tapasvI varddhamAna dhyAna meM lIna the / usa samaya zUlapANi nAmaka yakSa ne pahale-pahala to isa tapasvI ko hAthI kA rUpa dhAraNa karake kaSTa pahuMcAyA, parantu jaba isa kArya meM saphala na huA to usane eka vicitra sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa karake bhagavAn ko DaMka mArA tathA marmasthAnoM meM asahya vedanA utpanna kii| yaha saba hone para bhI jaba ve acala tapasvI jarA bhI kSubdha na huye to usa yakSa kA roSa zAnta ho gayA / usane apane duSkarma ke liye pazcAttApa kiyA aura anta meM bhagavAn se kSamA mA~gakara unakA bhakta bana gayA / - triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 3, pRSTha 32-33 / anta meM saba sakuzala vApasa lauTe / - bhAgavata dazamaskandha, a020, zlo0 18-30, pR0 866 | ( 4 ) sAdhaka avasthA (1) kAliya nAmaka nAga yamunA ke jala ko jaharIlA kara DAlatA thA / isa upadrava ko miTAne ke lie kRSNa ne, jahA~ kAliya rahatA thA vahA~ jA kara use mArA | kAliya nAga ne isa sAhasI tathA parAkramI bAlaka kA sAmanA kiyA / usane DaMka mArA / marmasthAnoM meM DaMka mArA aura apane aneka phaNoM se kRSNa ko satAne kA prayatna kiyA / parantu isa durdAta capala bAlaka ne nAga ko hAya tabAha karAyA aura anta meM usakI phaNoM para nRtya kiyA / nAga apane roSa ko zAnta karake tejasvI kRSNa kI AjJA ke anusAra vahA~ se calA gayA aura samudra meM jA basA / - bhAgavata dazamaskandha, a0 16, zloka 3-30, pRSTha 858-56 /

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[ dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa: 57 (2) eka bAra kisI vana meM nadI ke kinAre nanda vagairaha gopa so rahe the / usa samaya eka pracaMDa ajagara AyA jo vidyAdhara ke pUrva janma meM apane rUpa kA abhimAna karane ke kAraNa muni kA zApa milane se abhimAna ke phalasvarUpa sarpa kI isa nIca yoni meM janmA thA / usane nanda kA paira grasa liyA / jaba dUsare gvAla-bAlaka nanda kA paira chur3Ane meM asaphala huye to anta meM kRSNa ne Akara apane paira se sA~pa kA sparza kiyA / sparza hone ke sAtha hI sarpa apanA rUpa chor3akara mUla vidyAdhara ke sundara rUpa meM palaTa gayA / bhaktavatsala kRSNa ke caraNasparza se uddhAra pAyA huA yaha sudarzana nAmaka vidyAdhara kRSNa kI stuti karake vidyAdhara loka (2) dIrgha tapasvI eka bAra 'vicarate - vicarate mArga meM gvAlabAlakoM ke manA karane para bhI jAnabUjha kara eka aise sthAna meM dhyAna dhara kara khar3e ho gaye jahA~ pUrvajanma ke mUnipada ke samaya krodha karake mara jAne ke kAraNa sarparUpa meM janma lekara eka dRSTi viSa caNDakauzika sA~pa rahatA thA aura apane viSa se sabako bhasmasAt kara detA thA / isa sA~pa ne ina tapasvI ko bhI apanI dRSTi viSa se bhasma karane kA prayatna kiyA / isa prayatna meM niSphala hone para usane aneka DaMka mAre / jaba DaMka mArane meM bhI use saphalatA na milI to caNDakauzika sarpa kA krodha kucha zAMta huA / ina tapasvI kA saumyarUpa dekhakara, citavRtti zAnta hone para use jAtismararaNa jJAna prApta 1 jAtakanidAna meM buddha ke viSaya meM bhI eka aisI hI bAta likhI hai / ulu-velA meM buddha ne eka bAra uluvelakAzyapa nAmaka pA~va sau ziSya vAle jaTila kI agnizAlA meM rAtrivAsa kiyA / vahA~ eka ugra AzIviSa pracaNDa sarpa rahatA thA / buddha ne usa sarpa ko jarA bhI coTa pahu~cAye binA hI nisteja kara DAlane ke lie dhyAnasamAdhi kii| sarpa ne bhI apanA teja prakaTa kiyA / anta meM buddha ke teja ne sarpa ke teja kA parAbhava kara diyaa| prAtaHkAla buddha ne jaTila ko nisteja kiyA huA sarpa batAyA / yaha dekhakara jaTila apane ziSyoM ke sAtha buddha kA ziSya bana gayA / yaha RddhipAda yA buddha kA pratihArya atizaya kahA gayA hai|

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58 : cAra tIrthaMkara] huA / anta meM dharma kI ArAdhanA meM apanI jagaha calA gyaa| karake vaha devaloka meM gyaa| -bhAgavata dazamaskandha,a0 34, -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, zloka 5-15, pRSTha 617-18 / parva 10, sarga 3, pRSTha 38-40 / (3) dIrgha tapasvI eka bAra (3) eka bAra kRSNa kA vadha gaMgA pAra karane ke lie nAva meM karane ke lie kaMsa ne tRSNAsura baiThakara parale pAra jA rahe the| nAmaka asura ko vraja meM bhejaa| usa samaya ina tapasvI ko nAva vaha pracaNDa A~dhI aura pavana ke meM baiThA jAnakara pUrvabhava ke bairI rUpa meM aayaa| kRSNa ko ur3AsudaMSTra nAmaka deva ne usa nAva ko kara Upara le gayA parantu isa ulaTa dene ke liye prabala pavana kI parAkramI bAlaka ne usa asura sRSTi kI aura gaMgA tathA nAva kA galA aisA dabAyA ki usakI ko hacamacA ddaalaa| yaha tapasvI A~kheM nikala par3I aura anta meM to zAnta aura dhyAnastha the paraMtu prANahIna hokara mara gyaa| dUsare do sevaka devoM ne isa ghaTanA kumAra kRSNa sakuzala braja meM kA patA lagate hI Akara usa utara aaye| upasargakAraka deva ko harAkara -bhAgavata dazamaskandha,a0 11, bhagA diyaa| isa prakAra pracaNDa zloka 24-30 pavana kA upasarga zAnta ho jAne para usa nAva meM bhagavAn ke sAtha baiThe hue anya yAtrI bhI sakuzala apanI-apanI jagaha phuNce| -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sa0 3, pRSTha 41-42 / (4) eka bAra dIrgha tapasvI (4) eka bAra yamunA ke eka vRkSa ke nIce dhyAnastha the| kinAre vraja meM Aga laga gyii| vahIM pAsa meM vana meM kisI ke usa bhayaMkara agni se tamAma dvArA sulagAI huI agni phailate- vrajavAsI ghabarA uThe paraMtu kumAra phailate ina tapasvI ke paira meM A- kRSNa ne usase na ghabarAkara kara chuii| sahacara ke rUpa meM jo agnipAna kara use zAnta kara gozAlaka thA vaha to agni kA diyaa|

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[dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa : 56 upadrava dekhakara bhAga chUTA, parantu -bhAgavata dazamaskandha, a0 ye dIrgha tapasvI dhyAnastha evaM 17, zloka 21-25, pRSTha sthira hI bane rhe| agni kA 866-67 / upadrava svayaM zAnta ho gyaa| -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 3, pR0 53 / (5) eka bAra dIrgha tapasvI (5) kRSNa ke nAza ke liye dhyAna meM the| usa samaya kisI kaMsa dvArA bhejI huI pUtanArAkSasI pUrva janma kI apamAnita unakI vraja meM aaii| isane bAlaka kRSNa patnI aura isa samaya vyantarIke ko viSamaya stanapAna karAyA rUpa meM maujUda kaTapUtanA (dimba- parantu kRSNa ne isa SaDayantra ko rAcArya jinasenakRta harivaMza tAr3a liyA aura usane stana kA purANa ke anusAra kupUtanA-sarga aisI ugratA se pAna kiyA ki 35 zloka 42 pR0 367) jisase vaha pIDita hokara phaTa AI / atyanta ThaNDa hone para bhI par3I aura mara gii| isa vairiNI vyantarI ne dIrgha -bhAgavata dazamaskandha, a0 6. tapasvI para khUba hI jala ke bUMda zloka 1-6, pR0 814 / uchAle aura kaSTa dene kA prayatna kiyaa| kaTapUtanA ke ugra pariSaha se yaha tapasvI jaba dhyAna se vicalita na huye taba anta meM vaha zAnta haI, pairoM meM girI aura tapasvI kI pUjA karake calI gii| -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 3, pR0 58 / (6) dIrgha tapasvI ke ugra (6) eka bAra mathurA meM tapa kI indra dvArA kI huI prazaMsA mallakrIr3A ke prasaMga kI yojanA sunakara use sahana na karane vAlA kara kaMsa ne taruNa kRSNa ko saMgama nAmaka deva parIkSA karane AmaMtraNa diyA aura kuvala

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60 : cAra tIrthakara] aayaa| tapasvI ko usane aneka yApIDa hAthI dvArA kRSNa ko pariSaha diye| usane eka bAra kucalavAne kI yojanA kI, paraMtu unmatta hAthI aura hathinI kA catura kRSNa ne kaMsa dvArA niyukta rUpa dharakara tapasvI ko dantazula kuvalayApIDa ko mardana karake se Upara uchAla kara nIce paTaka mAra ddaalaa| diyaa| isameM asaphala hone para -bhAgavata dazamaskandha,a0 43, usane bhayaMkara bavaNDara racakara ina zloka 1-25, pR0 647-48 / tapasvI ko udd'aayaa| ina prati jaba koI avasara AtA hai kUla pariSahoM se tapasvI jaba to AsapAsa basanevAlI gopiyA~ dhyAnacalita na huye taba saMgama ne ikaTThI ho jAtI haiM, rAsa khelatI aneka sundara striyA~ racI / haiM aura rasika kRSNa ke sAtha unhoMne apane hAva-bhAva, gItanRtya, vAdana dvArA tapasvI ko krIr3A karatI haiM / yaha rasiyA bhI tanmaya hokara pUrA bhAga letA hai calita karane kA prayatna kiyA, aura bhakta gopIjanoM kI rasaparantu jaba isameM bhI use saphalatA na milI to anta meM usane tapasvI vRtti ko vizeSa uddIpta karatA ko namana kiyA aura bhakta hokara unakA pUjana karake calatA bnaa| -bhAgavata dazamaskandha, a0 -triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 30, zloka 1-40, pRSTha parva 10, sarga 4, pR0 67-72 / 604-7 / dRSTivindu (1) saMskRtibheda___ Upara udAharaNa ke taura para jo thor3I sI ghaTanAe~ dI gaI haiM, ve AryAvarta kI saMskRti ke do prasiddha avatArI puruSoM ke jIvana kI haiN| unameM se eka to jaina-sampradAya ke prANa-svarUpa dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra ke haiM aura dUsare vaidika-sampradAya ke tejorUpa yogIzvara kRSNa ke haiN| ye ghaTanAe~ sacamuca ghaTita huI haiM, ardhakalpita haiM yA ekadama kalpita haiM, isa vicAra ko thor3I dera ke lie eka ora rakha

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[dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa : 61 kara yahA~ yaha vicAra karanA hai ki ukta donoM mahApuruSoM kI jIvanaghaTanAoM kA UparI DhA~cA eka sarIkhA hone para bhI unake antaraMga meM jo atyanta bheda dikhAI de rahA hai, vaha kisa tattva para, kisa siddhAnta para aura kisa dRSTi-bindu para avalambita hai ? __ukta ghaTanAoM kI sAdhAraNa rUpa se kintu dhyAnapUrvaka jA~ca karane vAle pAThaka para turanta hI yaha chApa par3egI ki eka prakAra kI ghaTanAoM meM tapa, sahiSNutA aura ahiMsAdharma jhalaka rahA hai, jaba ki dUsarI prakAra kI ghaTanAoM meM zatru-zAsana, yuddha-kauzala aura duSTadamana karma kA kauzala jhalaka rahA hai| yaha bheda jaina aura vaidikasaMskRti ke tAttvika bheda para avalambita hai| jaina-saMskRti kA mUla tattva yA mUla siddhAnta ahiMsA hai| jo ahiMsA kI pUrNarUpa se sAdhanA kare yA usakI parAkASThA ko prApta ho gayA ho, vahI jainasaMskRti meM avatAra banatA hai| usI kI avatAra ke rUpa meM pUjA hotI hai / vaidika-saMskRti meM yaha bAta nhiiN| usameM to jo pUrNa rUpa se loka-saMgraha kare, sAmAjika niyama kI rakSA ke liye jo svamAnya sAmAjika niyamoM ke anusAra sarvasva arpaNa karake bhI ziSTa kA pAlana aura duSTa kA damana kare, vahI avatArI banatA hai aura avatAra ke rUpa me usI kI pUjA hotI hai| tattva kA yaha bheda koI mAmUlI bheda nahIM hai| kyoMki eka meM uttejanA ke cAhe jaise prabala kAraNa vidyamAna hoM, hiMsA ke prasaMga maujUda hoM, to bhI pUrNarUpa se ahiMsaka rahanA par3atA hai| jabaki dUsarI saMskRti meM aMtaHkaraNa kI vRtti taTastha aura sama hone para bhI, vikaTa prasaMga upasthita hone para prANoM kI bAjI lagAkara anyAyakartA ko prANa-daNDa taka dekara, hiMsA dvArA bhI anyAya kA pratikAra karanA par3atA hai| jaba ina donoM saMskRtiyoM meM mUlatattva aura mUlabhAvanA meM hI bhinnatA hai to donoM saMskRtiyoM ke pratinidhi mAne jAne vAle avatArI puruSoM kI jIvana-ghaTanAe~ isa tattva-bheda ke anusAra yojita kI jAya~, yaha jaise svAbhAvika hai usI prakAra mAnasa-zAstra kI dRSTi se bhI ucita hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki hama eka hI prakAra kI ghaTanAoM ko ukta donoM mahApuruSoM ke jIvana meM bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM yojita kI huI dekhate haiN|

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62 : cAra tIrthaMkara] adharma yA anyAya kA pratikAra karanA aura dharma yA nyAya kI pratiSThA karanA, yaha to pratyeka mahApuruSa kA lakSaNa hotA hI hai / isake binA koI mahApuruSa nahIM bana sakatA / mahAn puruSa ke rUpa meM usakI pUjA bhI nahIM ho sktii| phira bhI usakI paddhati meM bheda hotA hai| eka mahAna puruSa kisI bhI prakAra ke, kisI bhI anyAya yA adharma ko apanI sArI zakti lagAkara buddhipUrvaka tathA udAratApUrvaka sahana karake usa adharma yA anyAya ko karane vAle vyakti kA antaHkaraNa apane tapa dvArA palaTakara usameM dharma evaM nyAya ke rAjya kI sthApanA karane kA prayatna karatA hai / dUsare mahApuruSa ko vyaktigata rUpa se dharma-sthApana kI yaha paddhati yadi iSTa hotI hai, to bhI vaha loka-samUha kI dRSTi se isa paddhati ko vizeSa phalaprada na samajhakara kisI aura hI paddhati ko svIkAra karatA hai| vaha anyAyI yA adharmI kA antaHkaraNa samatA yA sahiSNutA ke dvArA nahIM pltttaa| vaha to "viSa kI davA viSa" isa nIti ko svIkAra kara athavA 'zaTha ke prati zaTha' honevAlI nIti ko svIkAra kara usa anyAyI yA adharmI ko maTiyAmeTa karake hI loka meM dharma aura nIti kI sthApanA karane para vizvAsa karatA hai| vicArasaraNI kA yaha bheda hameM isa yuga meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se gA~dhIjI tathA lokamAnya kI vicAra evaM kAryazailI ko dekha sakate haiN| kisI prakAra kI galataphahamI na ho, isa uddezya se yahA~ donoM saMskRtiyoM ke sambandha meM kucha vizeSa jatA denA ucita hai / koI yaha na samajha le ki ina donoM saMskRtiyoM meM prArambha se hI maulika bheda hai aura donoM eka dUsarI se alaga rahakara hI palI-pusI haiN| saccAI to yaha hai ki eka akhaNDa Arya-saMskRti ke donoM aMza prAcIna haiN| ahiMsA yA AdhyAtmika saMskRti kA vikAsa hote-hote eka aisA samaya AyA jaba kucha puruSoM ne use apane jIvana meM parAkASThA taka pahuMcA diyaa| isa kAraNa ina mahApuruSoM ke siddhAnta aura jIvanamahimA kI ora amuka loka-samUha jhukA jo dhIre-dhIre eka samAja ke rUpa meM saMgaThita ho gyaa| sampradAya kI bhAvanA tathA anya kaI kAraNoM se yaha ahiMsaka samAja apane Apako aisA samajhane lagA mAno vaha ekadama alaga hI hai ! dUsarI ora sAmAnya prajA meM jo -

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[dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa : 63 samAjaniyAmaka yA lokasaMgrAhikA saMskRti pahale se hI maujUda thI, vaha cAlU rahI aura apanA kAma karatI calI gii| jaba-jaba kisI ne ahiMsA ke siddhAMta para atyanta jora diyA taba-taba isa lokasaMgraha vAlI saMskRti ne use prAyaH apanA to liyA, kintu usakI AtyantikatA ke kAraNa usakA virodha jArI rakhA / isa prakAra isa saMskRti kA anuyAyI-varga yaha samajhane aura dUsaroM ko samajhAne lagA mAno vaha prArambha se hI judA thaa| jaina-saMskRti meM ahiMsA kA jo sthAna hai, vahI sthAna vaidika-saMskRti meM bhI hai / bheda hai to itanA hI ki vaidika-saMskRti ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko vyaktigata rUpa se pUrNa AdhyAtmikatA kA sAdhana mAnakara usakA upayoga vyaktigata hI pratipAdana karatI hai aura samaSTi kI dRSTi se ahiMsA siddhAnta ko sImita kara detI hai| isa siddhAnta ko svIkAra karake bhI samaSTi meM jIvana-vyavahAra tathA Apatti ke prasaMgoM meM hiMsA ko apavAdarUpa na mAnakara anivArya utsargarUpa mAnatI hai evaM varNana karatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaidika-sAhitya meM jahA~ hama upaniSad tathA yogadarzana jaise atyanta tapa aura ahiMsA ke samarthaka graMtha dekhate haiM vahA~ sAtha hI sAtha 'zAThayaM' kuryAt zaThaM prati' kI bhAvanA ke samarthaka tathA jIvana-vyavahAra kisa prakAra calAnA cAhiye, yaha batAne vAle paurANika evaM smRti-graMthoM ko bhI pratiSThAprApta dekhate haiN| ahiMsAsaMskRti kI upAsanA karanevAlA eka judA varga sthApita ho gayA aura samAja ke rUpa meM usakA saMgaThana bhI ho gayA, para kucha aMzoM meM hiMsAtmaka pravRtti ke binA jIvita rahanA tathA apanA tantra calAnA to usake liye bhI sambhava na thaa| kyoMki kisI bhI choTe yA bar3e samagra samAja meM pUrNa ahiMsA kA pAlana honA asambhava hai| isI se jana-samAja ke itihAsa meM bhI hameM pravRtti ke vidhAna tathA vizeSa prasaMga upasthita hone para tyAgI bhikSu ke hAtha se huye hiMsApradhAna yuddha dekhane ko milate haiN| itanA saba kucha hone para bhI jainasaMskRti kA vaidika-saMskRti se bhinna svarUpa sthira hI rahA hai aura vaha yaha ki jaina-saMskRti pratyeka prakAra kI vyaktigata yA samaSTigata hiMsA ko nirbalatA kA cihna mAnatI hai aura isalie isa prakAra kI pravRtti ko anta meM vaha prAyazcitta ke yogya samajhatI hai / vaidikasaMskRti aisA nahIM maantii| vyaktigata rUpa se ahiMsA-tattva ke

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64 : cAra tIrthaMkara ] viSaya meM usakI mAnyatA jaina-saMskRti ke samAna hI hai, parantu samaSTi kI dRSTi se vaha spaSTa ghoSaNA karatI hai ki hiMsA nirbalatA kAhI cihna hai, yaha ThIka nahIM, balki vizeSa avasthA meM to vaha balavAn kA cihna hai, Avazyaka hai, vidheya hai, ataeva vizeSa prasaMga para vaha prAyazcitta ke yogya nahIM hai / lokasaMgraha kI yahI vaidika bhAvanA sarvatra purANoM ke avatAroM meM aura smRti granthoM ke loka-zAsana meM hameM dikhalAI detI hai / isI bheda ke kAraNa Upara varNana kiye huye donoM mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA DhA~cA eka hone para bhI usakA rUpa aura jhukAva bhinna-bhinna hai / jaina samAja meM gRhasthoM kI apekSA tyAgIvarga kI saMkhyA bahuta kama hai / phira bhI samasta samAja para ( yogya yA ayogya, vikRta yA avikRta ) ahiMsA ko jo chApa lagI huI hai, aura vaidika samAja meM parivrAjakavarga acchI saMkhyA meM hone para bhI usa samAja para purohita gRhasthavarga kI cAturvaNika lokasaMgraha vAlI vRtti kA jo prabala aura gaharA asara hai, usakA spaSTIkaraNa uparyukta saMskRti-bheda meM se AsAnI ke sAtha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / (2) ghaTanA ke varNana kI parIkSA - aba dUsare dRSTibindu ke sambandha meM vicAra karanA hai / vaha dRSTibindu, jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, yaha hai ki ina varNanoM kA Apasa meM eka dUsare para kucha prabhAva par3A hai yA nahIM ora isase kyA parivartana yA vikAsa siddha huA hai; isa bAta kI parIkSA karanA | sAmAnyarUpa se isa sambandha meM cAra pakSa ho sakate haiM (1) vaidika tathA jaina donoM sampradAyoM ke granthoM kA varNana eka dUsare se bilakula alaga hai| kisI kA kisI para kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM par3A hai / (2) ukta varNana atyanta samAna evaM bimba pratibimba jaisA hai ataH vaha vilakula svatantra na hokara kisI eka hI bhUmikA meM se utpanna huA hai / (3) kisI bhI eka sampradAya kI ghaTanAoM kA varNana dUsarI sampradAya ke vaise varNana para Azrita hai athavA usakA usa para prabhAva par3A hai /

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[ cAra tIrthaMkara : 65 (4) yadi eka sampradAya ke varNana kA prabhAva dUsare sampradAya ke varNana para par3A hI ho to kisakA varNana kisa para avalambita hai ? usane mUla kalpanA yA mUla varNana kI apekSA kitanA parivartana kiyA hai aura apanI dRSTi se kitanA vikAsa siddha kiyA hai ? meM (1) ukta cAra pakSoM meM se prathama pakSa saMbhava nahIM hai / eka hI deza, eka hI prAnta, eka hI grAma, eka hI samAja aura eka hI kuTumba jaba donoM sampradAya sAtha hI sAtha pravarttamAna hoM tathA donoM sampradAyoM ke vidvAnoM tathA dharma-guruoM meM zAstra, AcAra aura bhASA kA jJAna evaM rIti-rivAja eka hI hoM, vahA~ bhASA aura bhAva meM itanI adhika samAnatA rakhane vAlI ghaTanAoM kA varNana, eka dUsare se sarvathA bhinna yA eka dUsare ke prabhAva se rahita mAna lenA lokasvabhAva kI anabhijJatA ko svIkAra karanA hogA / ( 2 - 3 ) dUsare pakSa ke anusAra yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki donoM sampradAyoM kA ukta varNana pUrNarUpa meM na sahI, alpAMza meM hI kisI sAmAnya bhUmikA meM se AyA hai / isa saMbhAvanA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa deza meM bhinna-bhinna samayoM meM aneka jAtiyA~ AI haiM aura ve yahIM AbAda ho gaI haiM / saMbhava hai vaidika aura jaina-saMskRti ke aMkura paidA hone se pahale gopa yA ahora jaisI bAhara se AI huI yA mUla se isI deza meM rahane vAlI kisI vizeSa jAti meM, kRSNa aura kaMsa ke saMgharSaNa ke samAna yA mahAvIra aura devoM ke prasaMgoM ke samAna, acchI-acchI bAteM varNita hoM, aura jaba usa jAti meM vaidika aura jaina -saMskRti kA praveza huA yA ina saMskRtiyoM ke anuyAyiyoM meM usakA sammizraNa huA to usa jAti meM pracalita aura lokapriya huI una bAtoM ko vaidika evaM jaina saMskRti ke granthakAroM ne apaneapane DhaMga se apane-apane sAhitya meM sthAna diyA ho / jaba vaidika tathA jaina saMskRti ke varNanoM meM kRSNa kA sambandha gvAloM aura ahIroM ke sAtha samAna rUpa se dekhA jAtA hai aura mahAvIra ke jIvana - prasaMga meM bhI gvAloM kA bArambAra jikra pAyA jAtA hai, taba to dUsare pakSa ko aura bhI adhika sahArA milatA hai / parantu vartamAna meM donoM saMskRtiyoM kA jo sAhitya hameM upalabdha hai aura jisa 5

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66 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa ] sAhitya meM mahAvIra tathA kRSNa kI ullikhita ghaTanAyeM saMkSepa ma yA vistAra se, samAna rUpa meM yA asamAna rUpa meM citrita kI gaI najara AtI haiM, unheM dekhate hue dUsare pakSa kI saMbhAvanA ko chor3akara tIsare pakSa kI nizcitatA kI ora hamArA dhyAna AkarSita hotA hai / hameM nizcita rUpa se pratIta hone lagatA hai ki mUla meM cAhe jo ho, parantu isa samaya ke upalabdha sAhitya meM jo donoM varNana pAye jAte haiM unameM se eka dUsare para avazya avalaMbita hai yA eka kA dUsare para prabhAva par3A hai; phira bhale hI vaha pUrNa rUpa meM na ho, kucha aMzoM meM hI ho / ( 4 ) aisI avasthA ma aba cauthe pakSa ke viSaya meM vicAra karanA zeSa rahatA hai / vaidika vidvAnoM ne jaina varNana ko apanAkara apane DhaMga se apane sAhitya meM use sthAna diyA hai yA jaina-lekhakoM ne vaidika paurANika varNana ko apanAkara apane DhaMga se apane graMthoM meM sthAna diyA hai ? basa, yahI vicAraNIya prazna hai / jaina - saMskRti kI AtmA kyA hai aura mUla jaina graMthakAroM kI vicAradhArA kaisI honI cAhiye ? ina do dRSTiyoM se yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to yaha kahe binA nahIM rahA jA sakatA ki jaina sAhitya kA ullikhita varNana paurANika varNana para avalambita / pUrNa tyAga, ahiMsA aura vItarAgata kA Adarza, yaha jaina-saMskRti kI AtmA hai aura mUla jaina graMthakAroM kA mAnasa isI Adarza ke anusAra gar3hA honA cAhie / yadi unakA mAnasa isI Adarza anusAra huA ho tabhI jaina-saMskRti ke sAtha usakA mela baiTha sakatA hai| jainasaMskRti meM vahamoM, camatkAroM, kalpita ADambaroM tathA kAlpanika AkarSaNoM ko jarA bhI sthAna nahIM hai / jitane aMza meM isa prakAra kI kRtrima aura bAharI bAtoM kA praveza hotA hai, utane hI aMzoM meM jaina - saMskRti kA Adarza vikRta evaM vinaSTa hotA hai / yadi yaha saca hai to AcArya samantabhadra ke zabdoM meM, aMdha zraddhAlu bhaktoM kI aprIti ko aMgIkAra karake aura unakI paravAha na karate hue yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pratiSThA na to ina ghaTanAoM meM hai aura na bAla-kalpanA jaise dikhAI denevAle varNanoM meM hI / kAraNa spaSTa hai / isa prakAra kI daivI ghaTanAe~ aura adbhuta

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 67 camatkArI prasaMga to cAhe jinake jIvana meM likhe huye pAye jA sakate haiN| ataeva jaba dharmavIra dIrgha tapasvI ke jIvana meM paga-paga para devoM kA AnA dekhA jAtA hai, daivI upadravoM ko bA~cA jAtA hai aura asaMbhava pratIta honevAlI kalpanAoM kA raMga car3hA huA najara AtA hai to aisA mAlUma hone lagatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanavRttAMta meM milI huI ye ghaTanAe~ vAstavika nahIM haiN| ye ghaTanAe~ samIpavartI vaidika-paurANika varNana meM se bAda meM le lI gaI haiN| isa vidhAna ko spaSTa karane ke lie yahA~ do prakAra ke pramANa upasthita kiye jAte haiM : (1) prathama yaha ki svayaM jaina-granthoM meM mahAvIra-jIvana-saMbaMdhI ukta ghaTanAe~ kisa krama se milatI haiM aura (2) dUsare yaha ki jaina-granthoM meM varNita kRSNa ke jIvana-prasaMgoM kI paurANika kRSNa-jIvana ke sAtha tulanA karanA aura ina jaina tathA paurANika graMthoM ke samaya kA nirdhAraNa krnaa| (1) jaina sampradAya meM mukhya do phirake haiM-digambara aura shvetaambr| digambara phirake ke sAhitya meM mahAvIra kA jIvana bilakula khaMDita hai aura sAtha hI isI phirake ke alaga-alaga graMthoM meM kahIM-kahIM kucha-kucha visaMvAdI bhI hai| ataeva yahA~ zvetAmbara phirake ke graMthoM ko hI sAmane rakhakara vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / sabase prAcIna mAne jAnevAle aMga sAhitya meM sirpha do aMga hI aise haiM ki jinameM mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sAtha ullikhita ghaTanAoM meM se kisI-kisI kI jhalaka najara AtI hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke-jo pahalA aMga hai aura jisakI prAcInatA nirvivAda siddha hai-pahale zruta-skandha (upadhAna sUtra a0 6) meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAdhaka avasthA kA varNana hai| parantu isameM kisI bhI devI, camatkArI yA asvAbhAvika upasarga kA nAmanizAna taka nahIM hai / isameM to kaThora sAdhaka ke liye sulabha bilakula svAbhAvika manuSyakRta tathA pazupakSIkRta upasargoM kA varNana hai, jo akSarazaH satya pratIta hotA hai aura eka vItarAga saMskRti ke nirdezaka zAstra ke sAtha sAmaMjasya rakhane vAlA mAlUma hotA hai| bAda meM milAye huye mAne jAne vAle

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68 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa] isI AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM atyanta saMkSepa meM bhagavAna kI sArI jIvanakathA AtI hai| isameM garbha ke saMharaNa kI ghaTanA kA nirdeza AtA hai aura kisI prakAra kA byaurA diye binAkisI vizeSa ghaTanA kA nirUpaNa na karate hue-sirpha bhayaMkara upasargoM ko sahana karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| bhagavatI nAmaka pA~caveM aMga meM garbha-saMharaNa kA varNana vizeSa pallavita rUpa meM milatA hai| phira isI aMga meM dUsarI jagaha mahAvIra apane ko devAnandA kA putra batAte hue gautama ko kahate haiM ki (bhagavatI za0 6 uddeza 33, pR0 456) yaha devAnandA merI mAtA hai| (inakA janma trizalA kI kokha se hone ke kAraNa saba loga inheM trizalAputra ke rUpa meM tabataka jAnate hoMge, aisI kalpanA dikhAI detI hai)| yadyapi aMga vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa saMkalita hue haiM tathApi isa rUpa meM yA kahIM-kahIM kucha bhinna rUpa meM ina aMgoM kA astitva pA~cavIM zatAbdI se prAcIna hai| isame bhI AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha kA rUpa aura bhI prAcIna hai| yaha bAta hameM dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhiye / aMga ke bAda ke sAhitya meM Avazyaka niyukti aura usakA bhASya ginA jAtA hai, jinameM mahAvIra ke jIvana se sambandha rakhane vAlI uparyukta ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai| yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki yadyapi niyukti evaM bhASya meM ina ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai tathApi vaha bahuta saMkSipta hai aura pramANa meM kama hai| isake bAda isa niyukti aura bhASya kI cUNi kA samaya AtA hai / cUNi meM ina ghaTanAoM kA varNana vistAra se aura pramANa meM adhika pAyA jAtA hai / cUNi kA racanAkAla sAtavIM yA AThavIM sadI mAnA jAtA hai| mUla niyukti I0 san se pUrva kI hone para bhI isakA antima samaya IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI se aura bhASya kA samaya sAtavIM zatAbdI se arvAcIna nahIM hai| cUrNikAra ke pazcAt mahAvIra ke jIvana kI adhika se adhika aura paripUrNa vRttAMta kI pUrti karane vAle AcArya hemacandra haiN| hemacandra ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ke dazama parva meM tamAma pUrvavartI mahAvIra-jIvana-saMbaMdhI granthoM kA dohana karake apanI

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 66 kavitva kI kalpanAoM ke raMga meM ra~ga kara mahAvIra kA sArA jIvana varNana kiyA hai| isa varNana meM se Upara jina ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve samasta ghaTanAe~ yadyapi cUNi meM vidyamAna haiM, tathApi yadi hemacandra ke varNana ko aura bhAgavata ke kRSNa-varNana ko sAmane rakhakara eka sAtha par3hA jAya to jarUra hI mAlUma par3ane lagegA ki hemacandra ne bhAgavatakAra kI kavitvazakti ke saMskAroM ko apanAyA hai| ___ aMgasAhitya se lekara hemacandra ke kAvyamaya mahAvIra-carita taka, hama jyoM-jyoM uttarottara Age bar3hate bA~cate haiM, tyoM-tyoM mahAvIra ke jIvana kI sahaja ghaTanAe~ kAyama to rahatI haiM magara unapara daivI aura camatkArI ghaTanAoM kA raMga adhikAdhika bharatA jAtA hai / ataeva jAna par3atA hai ki jo ghaTanAe~ asvAbhAvika pratIta hotI haiM aura jinake binA bhI mUla jainabhAvanA abAdhita raha sakatI hai, ve ghaTanAe~ kisI na kisI kAraNa se jaina sAhitya meM-mahAvIra jIvana meM bAhara se A ghusI haiN| ___ isa bAta ko siddha karane ke liye yahA~ eka ghaTanA para vizeSa vicAra karanA aprAsaMgika na hogaa| Avazyaka niyukti, usake bhASya aura cUrNi meM mahAvIra ke jIvana kI tamAma ghaTanAe~ saMkSepa yA vistAra se vaNita haiN| choTI-bar3I tamAma ghaTanAoM kA saMgraha karake unako surakSita rakhane vAlI niyukti, bhASya tathA cUNi ke lekhakoM ne mahAvIra dvArA sumeru ka~pAne ke AkarSaka vRttAnta kA ullekha nahIM kiyA, jabaki ukta granthoM ke AdhAra para mahAvIra-jIvana likhane vAle hemacandra ne meru-kampana kA ullekha kiyA hai / AcArya hemacandra dvArA kiyA huA yaha ullekha yadyapi usake AdhArabhUta niyukti, bhASya yA caNi meM nahIM hai phira bhI AThavIM zatAbdI ke digambara kavi raviSeNakRta padmapurANa meM hai / / raviSeNa ne yaha varNana prAkRta ke 'pau'macariya' se liyA hai kyoMki raviSeNa kA padmapurANa prAkRta paumacariya kA anukaraNamAtra hai aura paumacariya (dvi0 parva, zlo0 25-26, pR0 5) meM yaha varNana ullikhita hai| 1 dvitIya parva, zloka 75-76, pRSTha 15 /

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70 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa ] padmacarita digambara-sampradAya kA grantha hai, isameM jarA bhI vivAda nahIM hai / paumacariya ke viSaya meM abhI matabheda hai / paumacariya cAhe digambarIya ho cAhe zvetAmbarIya ho, athavA ina donoM rUr3ha sampradAyoM se bhinna tIsare kisI gaccha ke AcArya kI kRti ho, kucha bhI ho yahA~ to sirpha yahI vicAraNIya hai ki paumacariya meM nirdiSTa merukampana kI ghaTanA kA mUla kyA hai ? / Agama granthoM evaM niryukti meM isa ghaTanA kA kucha bhI ullekha nahIM hai, ataeva yaha to kahA hI nahIM jA sakatA ki paumacariya ke karttA ne vahA~ se ise liyA hai taba yaha ghaTanA AI kahA~ se ? yadyapi paumacariya kA racanA - samaya pahalI zatAbdI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI kucha kAraNoM se isa samaya meM bhrama jAna par3atA hai / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki paumacariya brAhmaNa padmapurANa ke bAda kI kRti hai / pA~cavIM zatAbdI se pUrva ke hone kI bahuta hI kama saMbhAvanA hai| cAhe jo ho, parantu aMga aura niyukti Adi meM sUcita na kI huI meru- kampana kI ghaTanA paumacariya meM kahA~ se AI? yaha prazna to kAyama hI rahatA hai / yadi paumacariya ke karttA ke pAsa isa ghaTanA kA ullekha karane vAlA adhika prAcIna koI graMtha hotA aura usI ke AdhAra para usane isakA ullekha kiyA hotA to zAyada hI niyukti aura bhASya meM isakA ullekha hone se raha sakatA thA / ataeva kahanA cAhiye ki yaha ghaTanA kahIM bAhara se paumacariya meM A ghusI hai / dUsarI ora harivaMza Adi brAhmaNapurANoM meM phaladrUpa paurANika kalpanA meM se janmI huI govardhana ke uttolana kI ghaTanA kA ullekha prAcIna kala se milatA hai / paurANika avatAra kRSNa dvArA govardhana parvata kA uttolana aura jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA sumeruparvata kA kampana, ina donoM meM itanI adhika samAnatA hai ki koI bhI eka kalpanA, dUsarI para avalambita hai | hama dekha cuke haiM ki Agama niryukti-graMthoM meM, jinameM ki garbha

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 71 saMkramaNa sarIkhe asaMbhava pratIta hone vAle varNanoM kA ullekha hai, unameM bhI sumerukampana kA saMketa taka nahIM hai| kisI prAcIna jainaparamparA meM se paumacariya meM isa ghaTanA ke liye jAne kI bahuta kama saMbhAvanA hai aura brAhmaNapurANoM meM parvata ke uThAne kA ullekha hai| taba hameM yaha mAnane ke liye AdhAra milatA hai ki kavitvamaya kalpanA aura adbhuta varNanoM meM brAhmaNa mastiSka kA anukaraNa karane vAle jaina mastiSka ne, brAhmaNapurANa ke govardhana parvata ke uttolana kI kalpanA ke sahAre isa kalpanA kI sRSTi kara lI hai / ___ par3osI aura virodhI sampradAya vAlA apane bhagavAn kA mahatva gAte hue kahA hai ki puruSottama kRSNa ne to apano a~gulo se govardhana jaise pahAr3a ko uThA liyA; taba sAmpradAyika manovRtti ko saMtuSTa karane ke artha jainapurANakAra yadi yaha kaheM to sarvathA ucita jAna par3atA hai ki --kRSNa ne javAnI meM sirpha eka yojana ke govardhana ko hI uThAyA para hamAre prabhu mahAvIra ne to, janma hote hI, kevala paira ke aMgUThe se, eka lAkha yojana ke sumeruparvata ko DigA diyA ! kucha dinoM bAda yaha kalpanA itanI majabUta ho gaI, itanI adhika pracalita ho gaI ki anta meM hemacandra ne bhI apane graMtha meM ise sthAna diyaa| aba Ajakala kI jaina-janatA to yahI mAnane lagI hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvana meM Ane vAlI merukampana kI ghaTanA Agamika aura prAcIna graMthagata hai / yahA~ ulaTA tarka karake eka prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaha yaha ki prAcIna jainagraMthoM meM ullikhita merukampana kI ghaTanA kI brAhmaNa purANakAroM ne govardhana ko uThAne ke rUpa meM nakala kyoM na kI ho ? parantu isa prazna kA uttara eka sthala para pahale hI de diyA gayA hai / vaha spaSTa hai| jaina graMthoM kA mUlasvarUpa kAvyakalpanA kA nahIM hai aura yaha kathana isI prakAra kI kAvyakalpanA kA pariNAma hai| paurANika kaviyoM kA mAnasa mukhya rUpa se kAvyakalpanA ke saMskAra se hI gar3hA huA najara AtA hai| ataeva yahI mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai ki yaha kalpanA purANa dvArA hI jaina kAvyoM meM, rUpAMtarita hokara ghusa gayI hai|

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72 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa] (2) kRSNa ke garbhAvataraNa se lekara janma, bAlalIlA aura Age ke jIvana-vRttAMtoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAle pradhAna vaidika purANa harivaMza, viSNu, padma, brahmavaivarta aura bhAgavata haiN| bhAgavata lagabhaga AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI kA mAnA jAtA hai| zeSa purANa kisI eka hI hAtha se aura eka hI samaya meM nahIM likhe gaye haiM, phira bhI harivaMza, viSNu aura padma ye purANa pAMcavIM zatAbdI se pahale bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya vidyamAna the| isake atirikta ina purANoM ke pahale bhI mUla purANoM ke astitva ke pramANa milate haiN| harivaMza purANa se lekara bhAgavatapurANa taka ke uparyukta purANoM meM AnevAlI kRSNa ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko dekhane se bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki ina ghaTanAoM meM kevala kavitva kI hI dRSTi se nahIM kintu vastu kI dRSTi se bhI bahuta kucha vikAsa huA hai| harivaMzapurANa aura bhAgavatapurANa kI kRSNa ke jIvana kI kathA sAmane rakhakara par3hane se yaha vikAsa spaSTa pratIta hone lagatA hai| dUsarI ora jaina-sAhitya meM kRSNajIvana kI kathA kA nirUpaNa karanevAle mukhya graMtha donoM-digambara aura zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM haiM / zvetAmbarIya aMga-graMthoM meM se chaThe jJAtA aura AThaveM aMtagaDa meM bhI kRSNa kA prasaMga AtA hai| vasudevahinDI ( lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI, dekho pR0 368-366 ) jaise prAkRta graMthoM meM kRSNake jIvana kI vistRta kathA milatI hai| digambarIya sAhitya meM kRSNa-jIvana kA vistRta aura manoraMjaka vRttAnta batAne vAlA graMtha jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa (vikramIya havIM zatAbdI) hai aura guNabhadrakRta uttara purANa (vikramIya havIM zatAbdI) meM bhI kRSNa kI jIvana-kathA hai / digambarIya harivaMzapurANa aura uttarapurANa ye donoM vikrama kI nauvIM zatAbdI ke graMtha haiN| kRSNa ke jIvana ke kucha prasaMgoM ko lekara dekhiye ki ve brAhmaNapurANoM meM kisa prakAra varNita kiye gaye haiM aura jaina-graMthoM meM unakA ullekha kisa prakAra kA hai ?

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 73 tulanA brAhmaNa purANa jainagrantha(1) viSNu ke Adeza se (1) isameM saMharaNa kI bAta yogamAyA zakti ke hAthoM balabhadra nahIM hai, balki rohiNI ke garbha kA devakI ke garbha meM se rohiNI meM sahaja janma lene kI bAta hai / ke garbha meM saMharaNa hotA hai| -harivaMza, sarga 32, zlo0 -bhAgavata, skandha 10,a0 1-10, pR0 231 2, zlo0 6-23, pR0766 (2) devakI ke janme hue (2) vasudeva hiNDI (pR0 balabhadra se pahale ke chaH sajIva 368-366) meM devakI ke chaH bAlakoM ko kaMsa pakaTa-paTaka kara pUtroM ko kaMsa ne mAra DAlA, mAra DAlatA hai| aisA spaSTa nirdeza hai / parantu --bhAgavata, skandha 10, a0 jinasena evaM hemacandra ke varNana 2, zlo0 5 ke anusAra devakI ke garbhajAta chaH sajIva bAlakoM ko eka deva, anya zahara meM, jaina kuTumba meM surakSita pahuMcA detA hai aura usa bAI ke mRtaka janme hue chaH bAlakoM ko kramazaH devakI ke pAsa lAkara rakhatA hai| kaMsa roSa ke mAre janma se hI una mRtaka bAlakoM ko pachAr3atA hai aura usa jaina gRhastha ke ghara pale hue chaH sajIva devakI-bAlaka Age jAkara tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke samIpa dIkSA lekara mokSa jAte haiN| -harivaMza, sarga 35,zlo 1-35, pR0 363-364

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74 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa ] (3) viSNu kI yogamAyA yazodA ke yahA~ janma lekara vasudeva ke hAthoM devakI ke pAsa pahu~catI hai aura usI samaya devakI ke garbha se utpanna hue kRSNa vasudeva ke hAthoM yazodA ke yahA~ surakSita pahuMcate haiN| AI huI putrI ko mAra DAlane ke lie kaMsa paTakatA hai / para vaha yogamAyA hone ke kAraNa nikala bhAgatI hai aura kAlIdurgA Adi zakti ke rUpa meM pUjI jAtI hai / 1 - bhAgavata dazamaskandha, a0 4, zlo0 0 2 10, pR0 806 (4) kRSNa kI bAlalIlA aura kumAralIlA meM jitane bhI asura kaMsa dvArA bheje hue Aye aura unhoMne kRSNa ko, ( 3 ) yazodA kI tatkAla janmI huI putrI kRSNa ke badale devakI ke pAsa lAI jAtI hai / kaMsa usa jIvita bAlikA ko mAratA nahIM hai / vasudeva hiNDI ke anusAra nAka kATakara aura jinasena ke kathanAnusAra nAka sirpha capaTA karake use chor3a detA hai / yaha bAlikA Age calakara taruNa avasthA meM eka sAdhvI se jainadIkSA grahaNa karatI hai aura jinasena ke harivaMza ke anusAra to yaha sAdhvI dhyAna avasthA meM marakara sadgati pAtI hai, lekina usakI a~gulI ke lohU bhare hue tIna Tukar3oM se, vaha bAda meM trizUladhAriNI kAlI ke rUpa meM vindhyAcala meM pratiSThA pAtI hai / isa kAlI ke samakSa hone vAle bhaiMsoM ke vadha ko jinasena ne khUba Ar3e hAthoM liyA hai jo Aja taka bhI vindhyAcala meM hotA hai / - harivaMza, sarga 36, zlo0 1-51, pR0 458-461 (4) brAhmaNapurANoM meM kaMsa dvArA bheje hue jo asura Ate haiM ve asura, jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra kaMsa dvArA

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 75. balabhadra ko yA gopa-gopiyoM ko pUrva janma meM sAdhI huI deviyA~ satAyA hai, karIba-karIba ve haiN| ye deviyA~ jaba kRSNa, balatamAma asura, kRSNa dvArA yA bhadra' yA vrajavAsiyoM ko satAtI kabhI-kabhI balabhadra dvArA mAra haiM taba ve kRSNa dvArA mArI DAle gaye haiN| nahIM jAtIM varan unheM harAkara -bhAgavata skandha 10, a0 jItI hI bhagA dete haiN| hemacandra 5-8, pR0 814 ke (triSaSTiH sarga 5, zlo0 123-124) varNana ke anusAra kRSNa, balabhadra aura vrajavAsiyoM ko satAne vAlI deviyAM nahIM varan kaMsa ke pAle hue unmatta prANI haiN| kRSNa unakA bhI vadha nahIM karate, kintu dayAlU jaina kI bhAMti parAkramI hone para bhI komala hAtha se ina kaMsa prerita upadravo prANiyoM ko harAkara bhagA dete haiN| -harivaMza, sarga 35, zlo0 35-50, pR0 366-367 (5) nRsiMha viSNu kA eka (5) kRSNa yadyapi bhaviSyaavatAra hai aura kRSNa tathA bala- kAlIna tIrthaMkara hone ke kAraNa bhadra donoM viSNu ke aMza hone ke mokSagAmI haiM kintu isa samaya kAraNa sadA mukta haiM aura viSNu- yuddha ke phalasvarUpa ve naraka meM dhAma svarga meM vidyamAna hai| nivAsa karate haiM aura balabhadra -bhAgavata, prathama skandha, jainadIkSA lene ke kAraNa svarga a0 3, zlo. 1-24, pR010-11 gaye haiN| jinasena ne balabhadra ko

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76 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa] hI nRsiMha rUpa meM ghaTAne kI manoraMjaka kalpanA kI hai aura loka meM kRSNa aura balabhadra kI sArvajanika pUjA kaise huI, isakI yukti kRSNa ne naraka meM rahaterahate balabhadra ko batAI, aisA ati sAMpradAyika aura kAlpanika varNana kiyA hai| -harivaMzapurANa, sarga 35, zlo0 1-55, pR0 618-625 (6) draupadI pAMca pAMDavoM kI (6) zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra patnI hai aura kRSNa pAMDavoM ke draupadI ke pA~ca pati haiM (jJAtA parama sakhA haiN| draupadI kRSNa- 16vAM adhyayana) kintu jinasena bhakta hai aura kRSNa svayaM pUrNA- ne arjuna ko ho draupadI kA pati vatAra haiN| batAyA hai aura use eka pati-mahAbhArata __ vAlI hI citrita kiyA hai (harivaMza, sarga 54, zlo0 1225), draupadI tathA sabhI pAMDava jainadIkSA lete haiN| koI mokSa aura koI svarga jAte haiN| sirpha kRSNa karmodaya ke kAraNa jainadIkSA nahIM le sakate phira bhI bAisaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemike ananya upAsaka banakara bhAvI tIrthaGkara pada kI yogyatA prApta karate haiN| -harivaMza, sarga 65, zlo0 16 pR0 616-620

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 77 (7) kRSNa kI rAsalIlA (7) kRSNa rAsa aura gopI evaM gopIkrIr3A uttarottara adhika krIr3A karate haiM para ve gopiyoM ke zRgAramaya banatI jAtI hai aura hAvabhAva meM lubdha na hokara ekavaha bhI yahA~ taka ki anta meM dama alipta brahmacArI rahate padmapurANa meM bhoga kA rUpa dhAraNa haiN| karake vallabha sampradAya kI -harivaMza, sarga 35, zlo0 bhAvanA ke anusAra mahAdeva ke 65-66, pR0 366 mukha se use samarthana milatA hai| -padmapurANa a0 245, zlo. 175-176, pR0 886-860 (8) indra ne vrajavAsiyoM para (8) jinasena ke kathanAnujo upadrava kiye unheM zAMta karane sAra indra dvArA kiye hue upadravoM ke liye kRSNa govardhana parvata ko ko zAMta karane ke lie nahIM, sAta dina taka hAtha se uThAye varan kaMsa dvArA bhejI huI rakhate haiN| devI ke upadravoM ko zAMta karane ke lie kRSNa ne govardhanaparvata ko utthaayaa| -harivaMza, sarga 35, zlo. 48-50, pR0 367 purANoM aura jaina-granthoM meM varNita kRSNa ke jIvana kI kathA ke Upara jo thor3e se udAharaNa diye gaye haiM unheM dekhate huye isa saMbaMdha meM zAyada hI yaha saMdeha rahe ki kRSNa vAstava meM vaidika yA paurANika pAtra haiM aura jainagranthoM meM unheM pIche se sthAna milA hai| paurANika kRSNajIvana kI kathA meM mAra-kATa, asura-saMhAra aura gArI lIlAe~ haiM / jaina-granthakAroM ne apanI ahiMsA aura tyAga kI bhAvanA ke anusAra una lIlAoM ko badalakara apane sAhitya meM eka bhinna hI rUpa diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki purANoM kI bhA~ti jaina-graMthoM meM na to kaMsa dvArA bAlakoM kI hatyA dikhAI detI hai aura na kaMsa ke bheje hae upadraviyoM kA kRSNa dvArA prANanAza hI dikhAI par3atA hai / jaise pRthvIrAja ne zAhabuddIna ko chor3a diyA usI

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78 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa] prakAra kaMsa ke bheje hue upadraviyoM ko kRSNa dvArA jIvita chor3ane kI bAta jainagraMthoM meM par3hane ko milatI hai| yahI nahIM balki sivAya kRSNa ke aura saba pAtroM ke jainadIkSA svIkAra karane kA varNana bhI hama dekhate haiN| hA~, yahA~ eka prazna ho sakatA hai vaha yaha ki mUla meM vasudeva, kRSNa Adi kI kathA jainagraMthoM meM ho aura bAda meM vaha brAhmaNa graMthoM meM bhinna rUpa meM kyoM na DhAla dI gaI ho? parantu jaina AgamoM tathA anya kathAgranthoM meM kRSNa-pAMDava Adi kA jo varNana kiyA gayA hai usakA svarUpa, zailI Adi ko dekhate hue isa tarka ke lie guMjAiza nahIM rhtii| ataeva vicAra karane para yahI ThIka mAlUma hotA hai ki jaba janatA meM kRSNa kI pUjA-pratiSThA huI aura isa sambandha kA bahuta-sA sAhitya racA gayA aura vaha lokapriya hotA gayA taba samaya-sUcaka jaina lekhakoM ne rAmacandra kI bhAMti kRSNa ko bhI apanA liyA aura purANagata kRSNa-varNana meM, jaina-dRSTi se pratIta honevAle hiMsA ke viSa ko utAra kara usakA jaina-saMskRti ke sAtha sambandha sthApita kara diyaa| isase ahiMsA kI dRSTi se likhe jAne vAle kathA-sAhitya kA vikAsa siddha huaa| jaba kRSNa-jIvana ke Udhama aura zRgAra se paripUrNa prasaMga janatA meM lokapriya hote gaye taba yahI prasaMga eka ora to jaina-sAhitya meM parivartana ke sAtha sthAna pAte gaye aura dUsarI ora una parAkramapradhAna adbhuta prasaMgoM kA prabhAva mahAvIra ke jIvana-varNana para hotA gayA, yaha vizeSa saMbhava hai| isI kAraNa hama dekhate haiM ki kRSNa ke janma, bAlakrIr3A aura yauvanavihAra Adi prasaMga, manuSya yA amanuSya rUpa asuroM dvArA kiye hue upadrava evaM utpAtoM kA purANoM meM jo asvAbhAvika varNana hai aura kRSNa dvArA kiye gaye una utpAtoM kA jo asvAbhAvika kintu manoraMjaka varNana hai vahI asvAbhAvika hone para bhI janatA ke mAnasa meM gaharA utarA huA varNana, ahiMsA aura tyAga kI bhAvanAvAle jaina-granthakAroM ke hAthoM yogya saMskAra pAkara mahAvIra ke janma, bAlakrIr3A aura yauvana kI . sAdhanAvasthA ke samaya devakRta vividha ghaTanAoM ke rUpa meM sthAna -

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 76 pAtA hai | paurANika varNana kI vizeSa asvAbhAvikatA aura asaMgati ko haTAne ke lie jaina- granthakAroM kA yaha prayAsa thA kintu mahAvIrajIvana meM sthAna pAye hue paurANika ghaTanAoM ke varNana meM kucha aMzoM meM eka prakAra kI asvAbhAvikatA evaM asaMgati raha hI jAtI hai aura isakA kAraNa tatkAlIna janatA kI ruci hai / 3. kathAgranthoM ke sAdhanoM kA pRthakkaraNa aura unakA aucitya - aba hama tIsare dRSTibindu para Ate haiM / isameM vicAraNIya yaha hai ki "janatA meM dharmabhAvanA jAgRta rakhane tathA sampradAyakA AdhAra majabUta karane ke lie usa samaya kathAgranthoM yA jIvanavRttAntoM meM mukhya rUpa se kisa prakAra ke sAdhanoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thA ? una sAdhanoM kA pRthakkaraNa karanA aura unake aucitya kA vicAra karanA / " upara jo vivecanA kI gaI hai, vaha prArambha meM kisI bhI atizraddhAlu sAmpradAyika bhakta ko AghAta pahu~cA sakatI hai, yaha spaSTa hai kyoMki sAdhAraNa upAsaka aura bhakta janatA kI apane pUjya puruSa ke prati jo zraddhA hotI hai vaha buddhizodhita yA tarkaparimArjita nahIM hotI / aisI janatA ke khyAla se zAstra meM likhA huA pratyeka akSara traikAlika satyasvarUpa hotA hai / isake atirikta jaba usa zAstra ko tyAgI guru yA vidvAn paMDita bA~catA hai taba to isa bholI janatA ke mana para zAstra ke akSarArtha kI yathArthatA kI chApa vajralepa sarIkhI ho jAtI hai / aisI avasthA meM zAstrIya varNanoM kI parIkSA karane kA aura parIkSApUrvaka use samajhane kA kArya atyanta kaThina ho jAtA hai, aura viziSTa varga ke logoM ke gale utarane meM bhI bahuta samaya lagatA hai aura vaha bahuta sA balidAna mAMgatA hai / aisI sthiti sirpha jaina- sampradAya kI hI nahIM kintu saMsAra meM jitane bhI sampradAya haiM sabakI yahI dazA hai aura isa bAta kA samarthaka itihAsa hamAre sAmane maujUda hai / yaha yuga vijJAnayuga hai / isameM daivI camatkAra yA asaMgata kalpanAe~ Tika nahIM sakatIM / ataeva isa samaya ke dRSTikoNa se prAcIna mahApuruSoM ke camatkArapradhAna jIvanacaritoM ko par3heM to unameM bahuta

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80 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa ] sI asambaddhatA aura kAlpanikatA najara Ave, yaha svAbhAvika hai / parantu jisa yuga meM ye vRttAnta likhe gaye, jina logoM ke lie likhe gaye aura jisa uddezya se likhe gaye, usa yuga meM praveza karake, lekhaka aura pAThaka ke mAnasa kI jAMca karake, usake likhane ke uddezya ka vicAra karake, gambhIratApUrvaka dekheM to hameM avazya mAlUma hogA ki isa prAcIna yA madhyayuga meM mahAn puruSoM ke jIvanavRttAnta jisa DhaMga se citrita kiye gaye haiM vahI DhaMga usa samaya upayogI thA / Adarza cAhe jitanA ucca ho, use kisI asAdhAraNa vyakti ne buddhi zuddha karake bhale hI jIvanagamya kara liyA ho, phira bhI sAdhAraNa loga isa ati sUkSma aura ati ucca Adarza ko buddhigamya nahIM kara sakate / to bhI usa Adarza kI ora sabakI bhakti hotI hai, saba use cAhate haiM, pUjate haiM / aisI avasthA hone ke kAraNa logoM kI isa Adarza sambandhI bhakti aura dharmabhAvanA ko jAgRta rakhane ke lie sthUla mArga svIkAra karanA par3atA hai / janatA kI manovRtti ke anusAra hI kalpanA karake usake samakSa yaha Adarza rakhanA par3atA hai / janatA kA mana yadi sthUla hone ke kAraNa camatkArapriya aura devadAnavoM ke pratApa kI vAsanA vAlA huA to usake sAmane sUkSma aura zuddhatara Adarza ko bhI camatkAra evaM daivI bAnA pahanAkara rakhA jAtA hai / tabhI sarva - sAdhAraNa loga use sunate haiM aura tabhI vaha unake gale utaratA hai / yahI vajaha hai ki usa yuga meM dharmabhAvanA ko jAgRta rakhane ke lie usa samaya ke zAstrakAroM ne mukhya rUpa se camatkAroM aura adbhutatAoM ke varNana kA Azraya liyA hai / isake atirikta dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaba apane par3osa meM pracalita anya sampradAyoM meM devatAI bAtoM aura camatkArI prasaMgoM kA bAjAra garma ho taba apane sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM ko usa ora jAne se rokane kA eka hI mArga hotA hai aura vaha yahI ki apane sampradAya ko TikAye rakhane ke lie vaha bhI virodhI aura par3osI sampradAya meM pracalita AkarSaka bAtoM ke samAna yA usase adhika acchI bAteM likhakara janatA ke sAmane upasthita kare / isa prakAra prAcIna aura madhyayuga meM dharmabhAvanA ko jAgRta rakhane tathA sampradAya ko majabUta karane ke liye bhI mukhya rUpa

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 81 se maMtra-taMtra, jar3I-bUTI, daivI camatkAra Adi asaMgata pratota hone vAle sAdhanoM kA upayoga hotA thA / 1 1 gA~dhIjI upavAsa yA anazana karate the taba saMsAra ke bar3e se bar3e sAmrAjya ke sUtradhAra vyAkula ho uThate the / gA~dhIjo ko jela se mukta karate the; phira pakar3a lete the aura dubArA upavAsa prArambha hone para phira chor3a dete the / dezabhara meM jahA~ gA~dhI jo jAte the vahA~vahA~ janasamudra meM jvAra sA umar3a AtA thaa| koI unakA atyanta virodhI bhI jaba unake sAmane jAtA thA to eka bAra to manomugdha ho garvagalita ho hI jAtA thA / yaha eka vAstavika bAta hai, svAbhAvika hai aura manuSyabuddhigamya hai / kintu yadi isI bAta ko koI daivI ghaTanA ke rUpa meM varNana kare to na to koI buddhimAna manuSya use sunane yA svIkAra karane ko taiyAra hogA aura na usakA asalI mUlya jo abhI A~kA jAtA hai, kAyama raha sakatA hai / yaha yugabala arthAt vaijJAnika yuga kA prabhAva hai / yaha bala prAcona yA madhyayuga meM nahIM thA ataeva . usa samaya isI prakAra kI svAbhAvika ghaTanA ko jabataka devI yA camatkArika libAsa na pahanAyA jAtA taba taka logoM meM usakA pracAra na ho pAtA thA / yaha donoM yugoM kA antara hai, ise samajhakara hI hameM prAcIna aura madhyayuga kI bAtoM kA tathA jIvanavRttAntoM kA vicAra karanA cAhie / aba anta meM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki zAstra meM ullikhita camatkArapUrNa aura daivI ghaTanAoM ko Ajakala kisa artha meM samajhanA aura par3hanA cAhie ? isakA uttara spaSTa hai / vaha yaha ki kisI bhI mahAn puruSa ke jIvana meM 'zuddhabuddhiyukta puruSArtha' hI saccA aura mAnane yogya tattva hotA hai / isa tattva ko janatA ke samakSa upasthita karane ke lie zAstrakAra vividha kalpanAoM kI bhI yojanA karate haiM / dharmavIra mahAvIra hoM yA karmavIra kRSNa hoM, kintu ina donoM ke jIvana meM se sIkhane yogya tattva to eka hI hotA hai| dharmavIra mahAvIra ke jIvana meM yaha puruSArtha antarmukha hokara Atmazodhana kA mArga grahaNa karatA hai aura Atmazodhana ke samaya Ane vAle Antarika yA bAhya prAkRtika samasta upasargoM ko yaha mahAn puruSa 6

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82 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa] apane Atmabala aura dRr3ha nizcaya dvArA jIta lete haiM aura apane dhyeya meM Age bar3hate haiN| yaha vijaya koI aisA vaisA sAdhAraNa manuSya nahIM prApta kara sakatA, ataH isa viSaya ko daivI vijaya kahane meM jarA bhI atizayokti nahIM hai| karmavIra kRSNa ke jIvana meM yaha puruSArtha bahirmukha hokara lokasaMgraha aura sAmAjika niyamana kA rAstA letA hai| isa dhyeya ko saphala banAne meM zatruoM yA virodhiyoM kI ora se jo ar3acaneM DAlI jAtI haiM, una sabako karmavIra kRSNa apane dhairya, bala tathA caturAI se haTAkara apanA kArya siddha karate haiN| yaha laukika siddhi sAdhAraNa janatA ke lie alaukika yA daivI mAnI jAya to kucha asaMbhava nhiiN| isa prakAra hama ina donoM mahAn puruSoM ke jIvana ko, yadi kalaI dUra karake par3heM to ulaTe adhika svAbhAvikatA aura saMgatatA najara AtI hai aura unakA vyaktitva adhikatara mAnanIya, vizeSatayA isa yuga meM, bana jAtA hai| upasaMhAra karmavIra kRSNa ke sampradAya ke bhaktoM ko dharmavIra mahAvIra ke Adarza kI vizeSatAe~ cAhe jitanI dalIloM se samajhAI jA~ya, kintu ve zAyada hI pUrI taraha unheM samajha skeNge| isI prakAra dharmavIra ke sampradAya ke anuyAyI bhI zAyada hI karmavIra kRSNa ke jIvanAdarza kI khabiyA~ samajha skeN| jaba hama isa sAmpradAyika manovRtti ko dekhate haiM to yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki vAstava meM dharma aura karma ke AdarzoM ke bIca aisA koI virodha hai jisase eka Adarza ke anuyAyI dUsare Adarza ko ekadama agrAhya kara dete haiM yA unheM vaha AgrAhya pratIta hotA hai ? _ vicAra karane se mAlUma hotA hai ki zuddhadharma aura zuddhakarma, ye donoM eka hI AcaraNagata satya ke judA-judA bAjU haiN| inameM bheda haiM kintu virodha nahIM hai| sAMsArika pravRttiyoM ko tyAganA aura bhogavAsanAoM se cittako nivRtta karanA tathA isI nivRtti dvArA lokakalyANa ke lie prayatna karanA arthAt jIvana dhAraNa ke lie Avazyaka pravRttiyoM kI vyavasthA kA bhAra bhI lokoM para hI chor3akara sirpha una pravRttiyoM

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[cAra tIrthakara : 83 meM ke klezakalahakAraka asaMyama rUpa viSa ko dUra karanA, janatA ke sAmane apane tamAma jIvana dvArA padArthapATha upasthita karanA, yahI zuddhadharma hai| aura saMsAra sambandhI tamAma pravRttiyoM meM rahate hue bhI unameM 'niSkAmatA yA nirlepatA kA abhyAsa karake, una pravRttiyoM ke sAmajasya dvArA janatA ko ucita mArga para le jAne kA prayAsa karanA arthAt jIvana ke lie ati Avazyaka pravRttiyoM meM paga-paga para Ane vAlI ar3acanoM kA nivAraNa karane ke lie, janatA ke samakSa apane samagra jIvana dvArA laukika pravRttiyoM kA bhI niviSa rUpa se padArtha'pATha upasthita karanA, yaha zuddhakarma hai / ___ yahA~ lokakalyANa kI vRtti yaha eka satya hai| use siddha karane ke liye jo do mArga haiM ve eka hI satya ke dharma aura karma rUpa do bAjU haiN| sacce dharma meM sirpha nivRtti hI nahIM kintu pravRtti bhI hotI hai| sacce karma meM kevala pravRtti hI nahIM magara nivRtti bhI hotI hai| donoM meM donoM hI tattva vidyamAna haiM, phira bhI gauNatA aura mukhyatA kA tathA prakRti-bheda kA antara hai| ataH ina donoM tarIkoM se sva tathA para kalyANarUpa akhaNDa satya ko sAdhA jA sakatA hai| aisA hone para bhI dharma ke nAma se alaga-alaga sampradAyoM kI sthApanA kyoM huI, yaha eka rahasya hai| kintu yadi sAmpradAyika manovRtti kA vizleSaNa kiyA jAya to isa anudghATya pratIta hone vAle rahasya kA udghATana svayameva ho jAtA hai| sthUla yA sAdhAraNa loga jaba kisI Adarza kI upAsanA karate haiM to sAdhAraNatayA ve usa Adarza ke ekAdha aMza ko athavA usake Upara ke khokhale se hI cipaTa kara usI ko sampUrNa Adarza mAna baiThate haiN| aisI manodazA ke kAraNa dharmavIra ke upAsaka, dharma kA artha akelI nivRtti samajha kara usI kI upAsanA meM laga gaye aura apane citta meM pravatti ke saMskAroM kA poSaNa karate hae bhI pravRtti aMza ko virodhI samajha kara apane dharmarUpa Adarza se use judA rakhane kI bhAvanA karane lge| dUsarI ora karmavIra ke bhakta karma kA artha sirpha pravRtti karake, usI ko apanA paripUrNa Adarza mAna baiThe aura

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84 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa] pravRtti ke sAtha jur3ane yogya nivRtti ke tattva ko eka kinAre karake pravRtti ko hI karma samajhane lge| isa prakAra dharma aura karma donoM ke upAsaka eka dUsare ke bilakula viparIta Amane-sAmane ke kinAroM para jA baiThe / usake pazcAt eka dUsare ke Adarza ko adhUrA, avyavahArya athavA hAnikAraka batAne lge| pariNAma yaha huA ki sAMpradAyika mAnasa aise viruddha saMskAroM se gar3hA jA cukA hai ki yaha bAta samajhanA bhI aba kaThina ho gayA hai ki dharma aura karma ye donoM eka hI satya ke do bAjU haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa ke paMtha meM paraspara virodha, anyamanaskatA aura udAsInatA dikhAI par3atI hai| yadi vizva meM satya eka hI ho aura usa satya kI prApti kA mArga eka hI na ho to bhinna-bhinna mArgoM se usa satya ke samIpa kisa prakAra pahuMca sakate haiM, isa bAta ko samajhane ke liye virodhI aura bhinna-bhinna dikhAI dene vAle mArgoM kA udAra aura vyApaka dRSTi se samanvaya karanA pratyeka dharmAtmA aura pratibhAzAlI puruSa kA Avazyaka kartavya hai| anekAntavAda kI utpatti vAstava meM aisI hI vizvavyApI bhAvanA aura dRSTi sa huI hai| ___ isa jagaha eka dharmavIra aura eka karmavIra ke jIvana kI kucha ghaTanAoM kI tulanA karane ke vicAra meM se yadi hama dharma aura karma ke vyApaka artha kA vicAra kara sakeM to yaha carcA zabdapaTu paMDitoM kA korA vivAda na banakara rASTra aura vizva kI ekatA meM upayogI hogii| I0 1932] [ anu0 paM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla /

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bhagavAn mahAvIra [ unake jIvana kI vividha bhUmikAe~ ] prAyaH sabhI jaina bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvana-kathA se thor3A-bahuta to paricita hote hI haiN| paryuSaNa ke dinoM meM hama usa kathA ko par3hate-sunate Aye haiM aura jaba icchA ho usa viSaya kA sAhitya juTA kara par3ha bhI sakate haiN| isaliye Aja ke dina bhagavAna ke jIvana kI sampUrNa kathA yA usameM se kucha ghaTanAoM ko sunAne kI punarukti nahIM karanA hai| phira bhI maiM kucha aisA kahanA cAhatA hUM jisase ki bhagavAn ke vAstavika jIvana kA paricaya prApta karane kI dizA meM hamArI pragati ho sake aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke hI anuyAyI gine jAne vAle varga meM unake jIvana ke viSaya meM paraspara viruddha jo aneka kalpanAe~ cAlU haiM aura jo prAyaH paraspara TakarAne ke kAraNa sampradAyabheda kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiM, unake mUla kAraNa ko bhI hama jAna sakeM jisase ki ApasI matabheda dUra hokara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana kA gambhIra rahasya bhI hama pA skeN| maiM yahA~ jo kahUMgA usakA AdhAra svAnubhava hI hai| dUsare bhAI-bahana apane anubhava kA usake sAtha milAna karake yadi mere kathana kA vicAra kareMge to phalasvarUpa bhagavAn ke jIvana kI samajha kucha bar3hegI hii| ___koI eka vyakti dUra se kisI citra ko dekhe taba use usa citra kA bhAsa amuka prakAra kA hotA hai| vahI vyakti usI citra ko yadi nikaTa se dekhe to usakI dRSTimaryAdA meM citra kA bhAsa adhika spaSTa ho uThatA hai| kintu vahIM vyakti yadi adhika ekAgra hokara usa citra ko apane hAtha meM lekara vizeSa sUkSmatA se nirIkSaNa kare to use citra kI khUbiyoM kA vizeSa pramANa meM bhAna hotA hai| jaisA catra ke viSaya meM hai vaisA mUrti ke viSaya meM bhI hai| kisI bhavya

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86 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa ] maMdira meM bhagavAn mahAvIra jaise dharmapuruSa kI surekha aura zAnta mUrti ho, use dekhane vAlA eka vyakti mandira ke prAMgaNa meM khar3A hokara, dUsarA raMgamaNDapa meM aura tIsarA vyakti garbhagRha meM jAkara mUrti kA nirIkSaNa karatA ho taba sabhI kI ekAgratA aura zraddhA samAna hone para bhI unakI dRSTimaryAdA meM mUrti kA pratibhAsa nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA hI hogA / citra aura mUrti ke dRSTAnta ko jIvana kathA meM lAgU karake usakA vizleSaNa kiyA jAya taba merA mUla vaktavya spaSTa ho jAyagA / jina meM bhagavAn mahAvIra jaise dharmapuruSa kA jIvana varNita ho unameM se kisI eka yA adhika pustakoM ko par3ha-suna kara jaba hama unake jIvana kA paricaya prApta karate haiM taba mana meM jIvana kI chApa eka prakAra kI uThatI hai / punaH usI paThita jIvana ke vividha prasaMgoM ke viSaya meM uThane vAle nAnA praznoM kA tarkabuddhi se nirAkaraNa kiyA jAya taba pahalA par3hA yA sunA jIvana-paricaya bahuta viSayoM meM nayA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / yaha paricaya prAthamika paricaya kI apekSA adhika gaMbhIra, utkaTa aura spaSTa bana jAtA hai / mana kI yaha dUsarI bhUmikA zravaNa kI prathama bhUmikA meM prApta aura puSTa zraddhAsaMskAroM ke viruddha kucha bAtoM meM krAnti karane kI preraNA bhI arpita karatI hai| zraddhA aura buddhi ke isa dvandva ke phalasvarUpa jijJAsu usa dvandva se mukti prApta karane ke lie adhika prayatna karatA hai / pariNAmataH jijJAsu aba tathya ke zodha meM aura bhI gaharAI meM jAtA hai / pahale usane jisa kisI sarvamAnya yA bahumAnya jIvanakathA ko par3ha-suna kara zraddhA ko puSTa kiyA hotA hai yA jisa kisI jIvanapustaka ke viSaya meM aneka - vidha tarka-vitarka kiye hote haiM, usI pustaka kA mUla khojane kI ora vaha aba pravRtta hotA hai| usake dila meM aisA hotA hai ki jisa pustaka ke AdhAra se maiM jIvana ke viSaya meM socatA hUM usa pustaka meM varNita prasaMga ghaTanAoM kA mUla AdhAra kyA hai arthAt kina maulika AdhAroM se yaha jIvanakathA likhI gaI hai / aisI jijJAsA use jIvanakathA kI maulika sAmagrI kI khoja ke lie prApta sAmagrI kI parIkSA ke lie prerita karatA hai / aise parIkSaNa ke phalasvarUpa jo jIvanakaSA prApta hotI hai, jo iSTa puruSa ke jIvana kA paricaya prApta

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 87 hotA hai vaha prathama zravaNa kI ora dUsarI tarka yA manana kI bhUmikA meM prApta hone vAle paricaya kI apekSA anekagunA adhika vizada, utkaTa aura sapramANa hotA hai| saMzodhana yA nididhyAsana kI yaha tIsarI bhUmikA hI jIvana kA sampUrNa rahasya prApta karane vAlo aMtima bhUmikA nahIM hai / aisI bhUmikA to bhinna hI hai| isake viSaya meM Age kucha kahA jaaygaa| maiMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana ke bAre meM kalpasUtra jaisI pustakoM ko par3ha-suna kara janma se prApta zraddhA ke saMskAroM ko puSTa kiyA thaa| merI usa zraddhA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke alAvA kisI bhI anya dharmapuruSa ko sthAna nahIM thaa| zraddhA kA vaha caukA jitanA choTA aura saMkucita thA utanA hI usameM vicAra kA prakAza bhI kama thaa| kiMtu dhIre-dhore zraddhA ko usa bhUmikA meM prazna aura tarka-vitarka ke rUpa meM buddhi ke aMkura phUTa / prazna huA ki kyA eka mAtA ke garbha se dUsarI mAtA ke garbha meM bhagavAna ke saMkramaNa kI bAta saMbhava ho sakatI hai ? aisI praznAvalI jaise-jaise bar3hatI gaI vaise-vaise zraddhA ne bhI usake sAmane sara utthaayaa| kintu vicAra aura tarka ke prakAza ne usake sAmane avanata honA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isa utthAna-patana ke ke tumula dvandva kA pariNAma zubha hI huaa| aba maiM buddha, rAma, kRSNa, krAisTa aura jarathusta jaise dharmapuruSoM ke aura anya saMtoM ke jovana bhI par3hane aura samajhane lagA aura maiMne dekhA ki una sabhI jIvanoM meM camatkAra ke alaMkAroM kI koI maryAdA hI na thii| pratyeka jIvana meM eka dUsare se bar3hakara aura adhikAMza meM eka sarIkhe camatkAra dikhAI diye, taba mana meM huA ki jIvana-kathA kA mUlAdhAra hI talAza karanA caahie| bhagavAn ke sAkSAt jIvana ke Upara to DhAI hajAra varSoM kA durbheda paradA par3A huA hI hai| taba kyA jo jIvana-varNana milatA hai vaha unhoMne svayaM hI kisI se kahA thA yA nikaTavAsI ziSyoM ne use likha liyA thA yA yathAvat smRti meM hI rakhA thA? vastutaH isa prakAra ke praznoM ne bhagavAn ke jIvana kI yathArtha jhA~kI karA sake aise aneka prAcIna graMthoM ke adhyayana kI ora mujhe pravRtta kiyA; isI prakAra buddha aura rAma kRSNa Adi dharmapuruSoM ke, jIvanamUla jAnane kI ora bhI pravRtta kiyaa| eka ora prAthamika zraddhA

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88 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa] apanI pakar3a meM se mujhe mukta nahIM karatI thI, dUsarI ora vicAraprakAza tathA nayA-nayA avalokana ye bhI apanA paMjA phailAte hI jAte the| isI khIMcA-tAna meM se anta meM taTasthatA kA lAbha huaa| jainoM ne jisako sAmAyika kahA hai vaisA sAmAyika-samatva manthanakAla ke daramiyAna udaya meM Ane lagA aura isa samatva ne ekAMgI buddhi aura ekAMgI zraddhA kA nyAya kiyA arthAt donoM ko kAbU meM liyaa| isI samatva ne mujhe sujhAyA ki dharmapuruSa ke jIvana meM jo sajIva aura jo jAgarita dharmadeha hotA hai use camatkAroM ke AvaraNoM se kyA matalaba ? yaha dharmadeha to camatkAra ke AvaraNa binA hI svayaMprakAza digambaradeha hai| isake bAda dekhatA hUM to sabhI mahApuruSoM ke jIvana meM dikhAI dene vAlI asaMgatiyA~ apane Apa hI khisakatI huI najara aaiiN| yadyapi isa nididhyAsana kI tIsarI bhUmikA abhI saMpUrNa nahIM hai phira bhI isa bhUmikA ne aba taka aneka prakAra ke sAhitya kA maMthana karAyA aura aneka jIvita dharmapuruSoM kA samAgama karane kI praraNA dI tathA jora dekara kucha kaha saka aisI manaHsthiti bhI prastuta kii| zraddhA aura tarka kI ekAMgI pravRtti banda ho gii| satya jAnane aura prApta karane kI vRtti adhika tIvra ho gii| . isa bhUmikA meM aba mujhe yaha samajha meM A gayA ki eka hI mahApuruSa ke jIvana ke jijJAsuoM meM usake jIvana kI amuka ghaTanA yA prasaMga ko lekara kisa kAraNa se madabheda ho jAtA hai aura kyoM ve ekamata nahIM ho skte| jo jijJAsuvarga' zravaNa-vAcana kI prAthamika zraddhA bhUmikA meM hotA hai vaha dUra se mUti yA citra ko dekhane vAle ke samAna zabdasparzI zraddhAlu hotA hai| usake vicAra se pratyeka zabda yathArthatA kA bodhaka hotA hai| vaha zabda ke vAcyArtha se Age bar3ha kara usakI saMgati-asaMgati ke viSaya meM vicAra nahIM karatA aura aisA karane se zAstra mithyA ho jAyagA-isa mithyA bhrama meM par3akara zraddhA ke bala se vicAra ke prakAza kA virodha karatA hai| usakA dvAra hI banda karane kA yatna karatA hai / dUsarA tarkavAdI jijJAsuvarga mukhyarUpa se zabda ke vAcyArtha kI

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 89 asaMgati kI ora hI dhyAna detA hai aura una dRzyamAna asaMgatiyoM ke pIche rahI huI saMgatiyoM kI sarvathA avahelanA karake jIvanakathA kohI kalpita mAna letA hai / isI prakAra aparimArjita zraddhA aura zithila tarka ye do hI pArasparika virodha ke kAraNa haiM / saMzodhana aura nididhyAsana kI bhUmikA meM ye kAraNa : nahIM rahate isase mana svasthatA se zraddhA aura buddhi ina donoM paMkhoM kA Azraya lekara satya kI ora agrasara hotA hai / tIsarI bhUmikA meM aba taka jo pragati mere mana ne siddha kI hai use dekhate hue kahA jA sakatA hai ki usameM prathama aura dUsarI bhUmikA samAviSTa ho jAtI hai / aba mere sAmane bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jo citra yA jo mUrti upasthita hai usameM unakI jIvanakathA meM janma se lekara nirvANa paryanta pada-pada para upasthita hone vAle karor3oM devoM kI dikhAI dene vAlI asaMgati aura garbhApaharaNa jaisI asaMgati lupta ho jAtI hai / saMzodhana nirmita merI kalpanA ke mahAvIra kevala mAnavakoTi ke aura vaha bhI mAnavatA kI sAmAnya bhUmikA ko purupArtha bala se atikrAnta karane vAle mahAmAnava rUpa haiM / jaise pratyeka sampradAya ke pracAraka apane iSTadeva ko sAmAnya janatA ke citta meM pratiSThita karane ke lie anAyAsa hI daivI camatkAra iSTadeva ke jIvana meM grathita kara dete haiM, vaise jaina saMpradAya ke AcArya bhI yadi kareM to use cAlU prathA kA pratibimba hI mAnanA cAhie / lalitavistara Adi bauddhagraMtha buddha ke jIvana meM aise hI camatkAroM kA varNana karate haiM / harivaMza aura bhAgavata bhI kRSNa ke jIvana ko isI prakAra se Alokita karate haiM / bAibala bhI divya camatkAroM se mukta nahIM hai / kintu mahAvIra ke jIvana meM devoM kI upasthiti kA tAtparya nikAlanA ho to vaha yahI ho sakatA hai ki mahAvIra ne satpuruSArtha dvArA apane jIvana meM mAnavatA ke AdhyAtmika aneka divya sadguNoM kI vibhUti prApta kI thI / aisI sUkSma manogamya vibhUti sAdhAraNa janatA ko sugama karanI ho to vaha sthUla rUpaka ke dvArA hI ho sakatI hai / jahA~ svargIya devoM ko ucca sthAna prApta ho vahA~ vaise devoM ke rUpaka dvArA hI divya vibhUti ke varNana kA saMtoSa

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90 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa] puSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| garbha-apaharaNa ke rahasya meM bhI aisA hI kucha rUpaka hone kI kalpanA hotI hai| karmakANDa kI jaTila aura rUr3ha sanAtana prathA ke brAhmaNasUlabha saMskAra garbha meM se mahAvIra kA jIva karmakANDabhedI, krAntikAraka, jJAna-tapomArga ke kSatriyasulabha saMskAra garbha meM avatIrNa haA- aisA hI artha ghaTAnA hogaa| usa kAla meM garbhApaharaNa kI bAta ko loga saralatA se samajha jAte the aura bhakta zaMkA nahIM karate the ataeva garbhApaharaNa ke rUpaka ke byAja se saMskAra ke garbha kA saMkramaNa vaNita huA hai aisA mAnanA par3atA hai| janma lete hI aMguSTha mAtra se mahAvIra sumeru jaise parvata kA kampana karate haiM yaha kathA kRSNa ke govardhana uttolana kI kathA kI taraha kevala hAsyAspada hai kintu yadi use rUpaka mAna kara arthaghaTanA kI jAya to usakA jo rahasya hai vaha tanika bhI asaMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| AdhyAmika sAdhanA ke janma meM praveza karate hI apane samakSa upasthita aura bhaviSya ke garbha meM chipe aise Antara bAhya pratyavAyoM aura parISahoM ke sumeru ko dRr3ha nizcaya bala-rUpa aMguSTha mAtra se kaMpita kiyA, jIta liyA yA jItane kA nizcaya kiyA yahI usakA tAtparya samajhanA caahie| aisI sabhI asaMgatioM se mukta jo citra upasthita hotA hai usameM to mahAvIra kevala karuNA aura satpuruSArtha kI mUrtirUpa meM hI dikhAI dete haiN| jainoM ke prAcInatama sUtra AcArAMga meM unake jo udgAra surakSita haiM aura bhagavatI Adi ganthoM meM unake jo vizvasanIya saMvAda upalabdha haiM una sabake AdhAra se bhagavAn kA saMkSipta jIvana isa prakAra kA phalita hotA hai unako virAsata meM hI dharmasaMskAra mile the| bacapana se hI nirgrantha paramparA kI ahiMsAvRtti vizeSarUpa se unameM AvirbhUta huI thii| isa vRtti ko unhoMne itanA vikasita kiyA thA ki jisase ve apane nimitta se kisI ke, sUkSma jantu taka ke bhI, duHkha meM vRddhi na ho isa prakAra ke jIvanayApana ke lie prayatnazIla the| isI prayatna ke phalasvarUpa unhoMne aisA aparigraha vrata dhAraNa kiyA jisase kapar3e yA gRha kA Azraya bhI tyAjya ho gyaa| jaba dekho taba mahAvIra

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[cAra torthaMkara : 61 eka hI bAta kahate najara Ate haiM ki sArA saMsAra du:khI hai, apanI ArAmatalabI ke lie dUsaroM ke duHkhoM ko mata bddh'aao| dUsaroM ke sukha meM bhAgIdAra mata bano kintu unake duHkha ko halkA karane yA unake nivAraNa meM satata prayatnazIla bno| mahAvIra iso eka bAta ko anekarUpa meM kahate the / ve apane saMparka meM AnevAle pratyeka vyakti se kahate the ki mana, vacana aura kAya kI ekatA siddha kro| tInoM kA saMvAdI saMgIta siddha karo; jo vicAro usI ko karo; aura jo soco vaha bhI aisA ho ki jisameM kSudratA aura pAmaratA na ho| apane Antarika zatruoM ko hI zatru samajho aura unako jItane meM hI vIratA dikhaao| mahAvIra kA kahanA hai ki yadi isa viSaya meM nimeSa mAtra kA bhI pramAda hogA to jIvana kA mahAmUlyavAn sadaMza-divya aMza nirarthaka hogA aura punaH prApta honA kaThina hogaa| mahAvIra ko jo tattvajJAna virAsata meM milA thA aura tadanusAra unhoMne jo AcaraNa kiyA thA vaha saMkSepa meM yahI hai ki jar3a aura cetana ye do tattva vastutaH bhinna haiM aura ve paraspara prabhAvita karane ke lie udyata haiM isI se karmavAsanA kI AsurI vRtti aura caitanya tathA satpuruSArtha kI devI vRttioM ke bIca devAsura saMgrAma satata hotA rahatA hai| kintu aMta meM caitanya kA prakAzaka nizcala bala hI jar3avAsanA ke andhabala ko parAsta kara sakatA hai| isa tattvajJAna kI gaharI samajha ne hI unameM AdhyAtmika spandana ko utpanna kiyA thA aura isI se ve sirpha vIra hI nahIM, mahAvIra bne| unake samagra upadeza meM unakI yahI mahAvIratA prasphuTita hotI hai| unakI jAti, kyA thI? unakA janmasthAna kahA~ thA ? mAtA-pitA aura dUsare snehI kauna-kaise the? garIba yA samaddha ? ityAdi sthUla jIvana se sambaddha praznoM kA honA svAbhAvika hai| usameM aneka atizayoktiyA~ hoMgI, rUpakoM ko sthAna milegA, kintu jIvana-zuddhi aura mAnavatA ke utkarSa meM upakAraka bana sake aisI unakI jIvana-rekhA to Upara jo maiMne saMkSepa meM Alekhita kI hai vahI hai aura Aja maiM mahAvIra ke usI jIvanAMza para jora denA cAhatA huuN| isI meM hamAre jaise tathAkathita anuyAyI bhaktoM aura jijJAsuoM kI zraddhA aura buddhi

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-2 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa ] donoM kI kasauTI hai / bhagavAn kA ukta jIvana tInoM kAla meM kabhI purAnA yA bAsI hone vAlA nahIM hai / jaise-jaise usakA upayoga kareMge vaise vaha jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM nityanUtana aruNodaya ke samAna prakAzamAna rahane vAlA hai aura sacce sAthI kA kAma karane vAlA hai| una brAhmaNa-kSatriya mahAvIra kA AcAra ahiMsA kI pAramArthika bhUmi ke AdhAra para kisa prakAra ghaTita huA thA aura unakA vicAra anekAnta kI satya-dRSTi ko kisa prakAra sparza karatA thA isakA hUbahU citra prAcIna AgamoM meM jaba dekhate haiM taba natamastaka ho jAte haiM / mAro mAro karake koI bhI dha~sa Ave to usake prati mana se bhI roSa na karanA, usake lezamAtra ahita kA cintana na karanA yahI unakI ahiMsA kI vizeSatA hai| kaise bhI virodhI dRSTibindu aura abhiprAyoM kA prativAda karate hue unameM rahe hue atyalpa satya ko jarA sI bhI upekSA binA kiye hI satya kI sAdhanA ko pUrNa karanA yahI unake anekAnta kI vizeSatA hai / mere mana meM nididhyAsana kI tRtIya bhUmikA ke phalasvarUpa mahAvIra kA jo citra aMkita huA hai yA jo mUrti nirmita huI hai usakI AdhArazilA zraddhA aura buddhi kA samanvaya mAtra hai / isameM zraddhA ke cauke kI saMkIrNatA saMzodhana ke phalasvarUpa lupta ho gaI hai / usakA vartula itanA vistIrNa huA hai ki aba usameM janmagata saMskAra ke AdhAra para kevala mahAvIra kA hI sthAna nahIM rahA hai kintu usameM mahAvIra ke alAvA unake tathAkathita pratispardhI aura tadvyatirikta aise pratyeka dharmapuruSa ko sthAna milA hai / Aja merI zraddhA kisI bhI dharmapuruSa ke bahiSkAra karane ko tatpara ho aisI saMkIrNa nahIM rahI hai aura buddhi bhI kisI eka hI dharmapuruSa ke jIvana kI jijJAsA karake hI kRtArthatA kA anubhava nahIM karatI / jisa kAraNa se zraddhA aura buddhi mahAvIra ke AsapAsa gatizIla the usI kAraNa se ve donoM Aja buddha, kRSNa aura krAisTa Adi aneka atIta saMtoM ke AsapAsa bhI gatizIla rahate haiM / saMzodhana aura nididhyAsana kI bhUmikA ke - kAraNa hI mere mana meM gAMdhIjI kI vyApaka ahiMsA aura anekAnta

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 63 dRSTi kI pratiSThA ko pUrA avakAza milA hai| mujhe jahA~ kahIM se bhI sadguNa jAnane aura prApta karane kI preraNA mUlataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana se hI milI hai| isa para se maiM yaha kahanA cAhatA hUM ki kisI bhI mahApuruSa ke jIvana ko sirpha Upara-Upara se suna kara usa para zraddhA karanA yA sirpha tarkabala se usakI samIkSA karanA yaha jIvana-vikAsa ke lie paryApta nahIM hai| usa dizA me pragati kI icchA rakhane vAle ke lie zravaNa-manana ke uparAnta nididhyAsana karanA Avazyaka hai| mujhe svIkAra karanA cAhie ki saMzodhana-kArya meM kitanA hI zrama kyoM na kiyA ho phira bhI merI vaha bhUmikA atyanta apUrNa hI hai| usakA pradeza vistRta hai| yaha atizrama, atisamaya, ati-ekAgratA aura ati-taTasthatA kI apekSA rakhatI hai| mere mana meM aMkita mahAvIra kA citra kaisA bhI kyoM na ho phira bhI vaha parokSa hI hai| jaba taka mahAvIra kA jIvana jIyA na jAya, unakI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ko apane jIvana meM siddha na kiyA jAya taba taka unake AdhyAtmika jIvana kA sAkSAtkAra hajAra prayatna karane para bhI saMzodhana kI bhUmikA para se ho nahIM sktaa| yaha satya maiM jAnatA hUM isI se namra banatA huuN| prathama diye gaye citra yA mUrti ke dRSTAMta kA Azraya lekara vaktavya spaSTa karanA ho to aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki kitanA hI nikaTa jAkara citra yA mUti kA draSTA bhI Akhira meM to citra kI rekhA kRta aura raMga kI khUbiyoM yA mUrtigata zilpavidhAna kI khUbiyoM ko hI adhika bArIkI se jAna sakegA aura adhika huA to una khUbiyoM se vyakta hone vAle bhAvoM kA saMvedana kara sakegA kintu jisakA citra yA mUrti ho usake jIvana kA sAkSAt anubhava to vaha draSTA taba hI kara sakegA jaba ki vaha svayaM vaisA jIvana jiiyegaa| sarvazreSTha kavi ke mahAkAvya kA kitanA hI Akalana kyoM na kiyA jAya phira bhI kAvya meM varNita jIvana kA jaba taka sAkSAt svAnubhava na ho taba taka vaha parokSa koTi meM hI rahatA hai / isI prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA siddha kI gaI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI dizA meM gatihIna mere jaisA manuSya mahAvIra ke viSaya meM

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64 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa] jo kucha kahe yA soce vaha parokSa koTi kA hI hogA yaha kahane kI zAyada hI AvazyakatA hai| mere isa vaktavya se Apa loga yaha samajha sakate haiM ki eka hI mahApuruSa kI samAna jIvana-sAmagrI kA upayoga karane vAle tadvidoM aura anuyAyioM meM bhI kisa-kisa kAraNa se virodhI abhiprAya baddhamala hote haiM aura usI sAmagrI kA amuka dRSTi se upayoga karane para kisa prakAra abhiprAyavirodha zAnta ho jAtA hai tathA jIvana ke mUlabhUta aura sarvottama zraddhA-buddhi ke divya aMza kisa prakAra apanI kalA pA~kha ko vistRta karate haiM / [anu0-dalasukha mAlavaNiyA

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana [ eka aitihAsika dRSTipAta ] vIra jayantI aura nirvANatithi hara sAla AtI hai / isake upalakSya meM lagabhaga sabhI jainapatra bhagavAn ke jIvana para kucha na kucha likhane kA prayatna karate haiM / koI-koI patra mahAvIrAGka rUpa se khAsa vizeSa aMka nikAlane kI bhI yojanA karate haiM / yaha silasilA pichale aneka varSoM se anya sampradAyoM kI dekhAdekhI jaina paramparA meM bhI cAlU hai aura saMbhavataH Age bhI cAlU rahegA / sAmayika patra-patrikAoM ke alAvA bhI bhagavAn ke jIvana ke bAre meM choTI-bar3I pustakeM likhane kA krama vaisA hI jArI hai jaise ki usakI mA~ga hai| purAne samaya se isa viSaya para likhA jAtA rahA hai| prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA meM jude - jude samaya meM jude - jude sthAnoM para judI - judI dRSTi vAle jude-jude aneka lekhakoM dvArA bhagavAn kA jIvana likhA gayA aura vaha bahutAyata se upalabdha bhI hai / naye yuga kI pichalI eka zatAbdI meM to yaha jIvana aneka bhASAoM meM dezI-videzI, sAmpradAyika-asAmpradAyika lekhakoM dvArA likhA gayA hai / jarmana, aMgrejI, hindI, gujarAtI, baMgalA aura marAThI Adi bhASAoM meM isa jIvana viSayaka choTI-bar3I aneka pustakeM prasiddha huI haiM aura milatI bhI haiM / yaha saba hote hue bhI naye varSa kI naI jayanto yA nirvANatithi ke upalakSya meM mahAvIra - jIvana para kucha nayA likhane kI bhArapUrvaka mAMga ho rahI hai / isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? so khAsa kara samajhane kI bAta hai / isa kAraNa ko samajhane se hama yaha ThIka-ThIka samajha sakeMge ki purAne samaya se Aja taka kI mahAvIra jIvana viSayaka upalabdha itanI likhita mudrita sAmagrI hamArI jijJAsA ko tRpta karane meM samartha kyoM nahIM hotI ?

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66 : dharmavIra mahAvIra aura karmavIra kRSNa] bhagavAn mahAvIra eka hI the| unakA jIvana jaisA kucha rahA ho sunizcita amuka rUpa kA hI rahA hogaa| tadviSayaka jo sAmagrI abhI zeSa hai usase adhika samartha samakAlIna sAmagrI abhI milane kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM / jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai usakA upayoga Aja taka ke likhita jIvanoM meM huA hI hai to phira nayA kyA bAkI hai jisakI mA~ga hara sAla jayaMtI yA nirvANatithi ke avasara para banI rahatI hai aura khAsa taura se sampUrNa mahAvIra jIvana viSayaka pustaka kI mA~ga to hamezA banI huI rahatI hI hai| ye aise prazna haiM jinakA vAstavika uttara binA samajhe mahAvIra jIvana para kucha socanA, likhanA yA aise jIvana kI lekhakoM se mA~ga karanA yaha nirA vArSika jayaMtI-kAlIna vyasanamAtra siddha hogA yA punarAvRtti kA cakra mAtra hogA jisase hameM bacanA caahiye| purAne samaya se Aja taka kI jIvana viSayaka saba pustakeM aura choTe-bar3e saba lekha prAyaH sAmpradAyika bhaktoM dvArA hI likhe gaye haiN| jaise rAma, kRSNa, krAisTa, muhammada Adi mahAn puruSoM ke bAre meM usa sampradAya ke vidvAnoM aura bhaktoM ne likhA hai| hA~, kucha thor3e lekha aura virala pustake asAmpradAyika jainetara vidvAnoM dvArA bhI likhI huI haiN| ina donoM prakAra ke jIvana-lekhoM meM eka khAsa guNa hai to dUsarI khAsa Ti bhI hai| khAsa guNa to yaha hai ki sAMpradAyika vidvAnoM aura bhaktoM ke dvArA jo kucha likhA gayA hai usameM paramparAgata aneka yathArtha bAteM saralatA se A gaI haiM, jaisI asAmpradAyika aura dUravartI vidvAnoM ke dvArA likhe gaye jIvanalekhoM meM kabhIkamI A nahIM paatii| parantu truTi aura bar3I bhArI truTi yaha hai ki sAmpradAyika vidvAnoM aura bhaktoM kA dRSTikoNa hamezA aisA rahA hai ki yena kena prakAreNa apane iSTadeva ko sabase U~cA aura asAdhAraNa dikhAI dene vAlA citrita kiyA jaay| sarva sampradAya meM pAI jAne vAlI isa atiraMjaka sAmpradAyika dRSTi ke kAraNa mahAvIra, mAnava mahAvIra na raha kara kalpita deva-se bana gaye haiM jaisA ki bauddha paramparA meM buddha aura paurANika paramparA meM rAma-kRSNa tathA krizcyAniTI meM krAisTa mAnava miTa kara deva yA devAMza bana gaye haiN|

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 67 isa yuga kI khAsa vizeSatA vaijJAnika aura aitihAsika dRSTikoNa hai| vijJAna aura itihAsa satya ke upAsaka haiN| ve satya ke sAmane aura saba bAtoM ko vRthA samajhate haiN| yaha satya gaveSaka vRtti hI vijJAna aura itihAsa ko pratiSThA kA AdhAra hai| isalie ina donoM kI logoM ke mana ke Upara itanI adhika prabhAvazAlI chApa par3I haiM ki ve vaijJAnika dRSTi se apramANita aura itihAsa se asiddha aisI kisI vastu ko mAnane ke lie taiyAra nhiiN| yahA~ taka ki hajAroM varSoM se calI Ane vAlI aura mAnasa meM sthira banI huI prANapriya mAnyatAoM ko bhI (yadi ve vijJAna aura itihAsa se viruddha haiM to) chor3ane meM nahIM hicakicAte, pratyuta ve aisA karane meM apanI kRtArthatA samajhate haiN| vartamAna yuga bhUtakAlIna jJAna kI virAsata ko thor3A bhI barbAda karanA nahIM caahtaa| usake eka aMza ko vaha prANa se bhI adhika mAnatA hai; para sAtha hI vaha usa virAsata ke vijJAna aura itihAsa se prasiddha aMza ko eka kSaNa bhara ke lie bhI mAnane ko taiyAra nhiiN| naye yuga ke isa lakSaNa ke kAraNa vastu-sthiti badala gaI hai| mahAvIra jIvana viSayaka lekha pustaka Adi kitanI hI sAmagrI prastuta kyoM na ho para Aja kA jijJAsu usa sAmagrI ke bar3e Dhera mAtra se santuSTa nhiiN| vaha to yaha dekhanA cAhatA hai ki isameM kitanA tarkabuddhisiddha aura kitanA itihAsasiddha hai ? jaba isa vRtti se vaha Aja taka ke mahAvIra-jIvanaviSayaka lekhoM ko par3hatA hai, socatA hai taba use pUrA saMtoSa nahIM hotaa| vaha dekhatA hai ki isameM satya ke sAtha kalpita bhI bahuta milA hai| vaha yadi bhakta ho to kisI taraha se apane mana ko manA le sakatA hai; para vaha dUsare taTastha jijJAsuoM kA pUrA samAdhAna kara nahIM paataa| vaijJAnika aura aitihAsika dRSTikoNa kA prabhAva itanA adhika gaharA par3A hai ki khuda mahAvIra ke paramparAgata anuyAyiyoM ko bhI apanI naI pIr3hI kA hara bAta meM samAdhAna karanA muzkila ho gayA hai| yahI ekamAtra vajaha hai ki cAroM ora se mahAvIra ke aitihAsika jIvana likhe jAne kI mAMga ho rahI hai aura kahIM-kahIM tadartha taiyAriyA~ bhI ho rahI haiN|

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68 : bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana ] Aja kA koI taTastha lekhaka aitihAsika dRSTi se mahAvIra jIvana likhegA to usI sAmagrI ke AdhAra se likha sakatA hai ki jisa sAmagrI ke AdhAra se pahale se Aja taka ke lekhakoM ne likhA hai / pharka yadi hai yA ho sakatA hai to dRSTikoNa kA / dRSTikoNa hI saccAI yA gaira-saccAI kA ekamAtra prANa hai aura pratiSThA kA AdhAra hai / udAharaNArtha mahAvIra kA do mAtA aura dopitA ke putra rUpa se prAcIna granthoM meM varNana hai / ise sAmpradAyika dRSTi vAlA bhI letA hai aura aitihAsika dRSTi vAlA bhI / para isa asaMgata aura amAnavIya dikhAI dene vAlI ghaTanA kA khulAsA sAmpradAyika vyakti eka taraha se karatA hai aura aitihAsika vyakti dUsarI taraha se / hajAroM varSa se mAnA jAne vAlA usa asaMgati kA sAmpradAyika khulAsA loka - mAnasa meM itanA ghara kara gayA hai ki dUsarA khulAsA sunate hI vaha mAnasa bhar3aka uThatA hai / phira bhI naI aitihAsika dRSTi ne aisI sthiti paidA kI hai ki usa cira-paricita khulAse se loka-mana kA antastala jarA bhI santuSTa nahIM / vaha to koI nayA buddhigamya khulAsA pAnA cAhatA hai yA usa do mAtA, do pitA kI ghaTanA ko hI asaMgata kaha kara jIvana meM se sarvathA nikAla denA cAhatA hai / yahI bAta tatkAlajAta zizu mahAvIra ke aMguSTha ke dvArA meru-kampana ke bAre meM hai yA pada-pada para mahAvIra ke AsapAsa upasthita hone vAle lAkhoM-karor3oM deva-deviyoM ke varNana ke bAre meM hai / koI bhI tarka aura buddhi se mAnava jIvana para vicAra karane vAlA aisA nahIM hogA jo yaha mAnane ko taiyAra ho ki eka tatkAla paidA huA bAlaka yA mallakustI kiyA huA javAna apane a~gUThe se parvata to kyA eka mahatI zilA ko bhI kampA sake ! koI bhI aitihAsika yaha mAna nahIM sakatA aura sAbita nahIM kara sakatA ki devasRSTi kahIM dUra hai aura usake divya sattva kisI tapasvI kI sevA meM sadA hAjira rahate haiM / ye aura inakI jaisI dUsarI aneka ghaTanAe~ mahAvIra jIvana meM vaise hI AtI haiM jaise anya mahApuruSoM ke jIvana meN| sAmpradAyika vyakti una ghaTanAoM ko jIvanI likhate samaya na to chor3a sakatA hai aura na unakA cAlU artha se dUsarA artha hI lagA sakatA hai / isa kAraNa se vaha mahAvIra kI jIvanI ko naI pIr3hI ke

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 66 lie pratItikara nahIM banA sakatA / jaba ki aitihAsika vyakti kitanI hI asaMgata dikhAI dene vAlI purAnI ghaTanAoM ko yA to jIvanI meM sthAna hI nahIM degA yA unakA pratItikara artha lagAvegA jise sAmAnya buddhi bhI samajha aura mAna ske| itanI carcA se yaha bhalIbhA~ti jAnA jA sakatA hai ki aitihAsika dRSTikoNa asaMgata dikhAI dene vAlI jIvana ghaTanAoM ko jyoM kA tyoM mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM, para vaha unheM buddhigrAhya kasauTI se kasa kara saccAI kI bhUmikA para lAne kA prayatna kregaa| yahI sababa hai ki vartamAna yuga usI purAnI sAmagrI ke AdhAra se, para aitihAsika dRSTi se likhe gaye mahAvIra jIvana ko hI par3hanA-sunanA cAhatA hai| yahI samaya kI mA~ga hai| ___ mahAvIra kI jIvanI meM AnevAlI jina asaMgata tIna bAtoM kA ullekha maiMne kiyA hai unakA aitihAsika khulAsA kisa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ise yahA~ batalA denA bhI jarUrI hai : mAnava-vaMza ke to kyA para samagra prANI-vaMza ke itihAsa meM bhI Aja taka aisI koI ghaTanA banI huI vidita nahIM hai jisameM eka saMtAna kI do janaka mAtAe~ hoN| eka saMtAna ke janaka do-do pitAoM kI ghaTanA kA to kalpanA meM bhI AnA muzkila hai| tisa para bhI jaina AgamoM meM mahAvIra kI janaka rUpa se do mAtAoM kA varNana hai| eka to kSatriyANI siddhArthapatnI trizalA aura dUsarI brAhmaNI RSabhadattapatnI devaanndaa| pahile to eka bAlaka kI do jananiyA~ hI asaMbhava tisa para donoM jananiyoM kA bhinna-bhinna puruSa kI patniyoM ke rUpa se honA to aura bhI asambhava hai / Agama ke purAne bhAgoM meM mahAvIra ke jo nAma milate haiM unameM aisA eka bhI nAma nahIM hai jo devAnandA ke sAtha unake mAtA-putra ke sambandha kA sUcaka ho phira bhI bhagavatI' jaise mahattvapUrNa Agama meM hI apane mukhya gaNadhara indrabhUti ko saMbodhita karake khuda bhagavAn dvArA hI aisA kahalAyA gayA hai ki-yaha devanandA merI jananI hai isI se mujhe dekhakara usake 1. bhagavatI zataka 6 uddeza 6 /

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100 : bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana thana dUdha se bhara gaye haiM aura harSa-romAJca ho Aye haiN| bhagavatI meM dUsarI jagaha devoM kI garbhApaharaNa-zakti kA mahAvIra ne indrabhUti ko lakSita karake varNana kiyA hai para usa jagaha unhoMne apane garbhApaharaNa kA koI nirdeza taka nahIM kiyA hai| hA~, mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa kA varNana AcArAMga ke antima bhAga meM hai para vaha bhAga AcArya hemacandra ke kathanAnusAra hI kama se kama mahAvIra ke anaMtara do sau varSa ke bAda kA to hai hii| aisI sthiti meM kisI bhI samajhadAra ke mana meM yaha prazna hue binA raha nahIM sakatA ki jaba eka saMtAna kI eka ho mAtA saMbhava hai taba jananI rUpa se mahAvIra kI do mAtAoM kA varNana zAstra meM AyA kaise ? aura isa asaMgata dikhAI dene vAlI ghaTanA ko saMgata banAne ke garbha-saMkramaNa-jaise bilkula azakya kArya ko deva ke hastakSepa se zakya banAne kI kalpanA taka ko zAstra meM sthAna kyoM diyA gayA? isa prazna ke aura bhI uttara yA khulAse ho sakate haiM para mujhe jo khulAse saMbhavanIya dikhate haiM uname se mukhya ye haiM : 1-mahAvIra kI jananI to brAhmaNI devAnandA ho hai, kSatriyANo trizalA nhiiN| 2-trizalA jananI to nahIM hai para vaha bhagavAn ko goda lene vAlI yA apane ghara para rakha kara saMvardhana karane vAlI mAtA avazya hai| ___ agara vAstava meM aisA hI ho to paramparA meM usa bAta kA viparyAsa kyoM huA aura zAstra meM anyathA bAta kyoM likhI gaI ?-yaha prazna honA svAbhAvika hai / maiM isa prazna ke do khulAse sUcita karatA hUM : 1- pahilA to yaha ki trizalA siddhArtha kI anyatama patnI hogI jise apanA koI aurasa putra na thA / strIsulabha putravAsanA kI pUrti usane devAnandA ke aurasa putra ko apanA banA kara ko hogii| mahAvIra kA rUpa, zIla aura svabhAva aisA AkarSaka honA cAhie. 1. bhagavatI zataka 5 uddeza 4 /

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 101 ki jisake kAraNa trizalA ne apane jIte jo unheM unako sahaja vRtti ke anusAra dIkSA lene kI anumati dI na hogii| bhagavAn ne bhI trizalA kA anusaraNa karanA hI kartavya samajhA hogaa| 2-dUsarA yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki mahAvIra choTo umra se hI usa samaya brAhmaNa-paraMparA meM atirUr3ha hiMsaka yajJa aura dUsare nirarthaka kriyA-kANDoM kuladharma se viruddha saMskAra vAle -tyAga prakRti ke the| choTI umra meM hI kisI nirgrantha-paraMparA ke tyAgI bhikSu ke saMsarga meM Ane kA maukA milA hogA aura usa nirgrantha saMskAra se sAhajika tyAgavRtti kI puSTi huI hogii| ___ mahAvIra ke tyAgAbhimukha saMskAra, honahAra ke yogya zubha lakSaNa aura nirbhapatA Adi guNa dekhakara usa nirgrantha guru ne apane pakke anuyAyI siddhArtha aura trizalA ke yahA~ unako saMvardhana ke lie rakhA hogA jaisA ki AcArya hemacandra ko choTI umra se hI guru devacandra ne apane bhakta udayana maMtrI ke yahA~ saMvardhana ke lie rakhA thaa| mahAvIra ke sadguNoM se trizalA itanI AkRSTa haI hogI ki usane apanA hI putra mAnakara unakA saMvardhana kiyaa| mahAvIra bhI trizalA ke sadbhAva aura prama ke itane adhika kAyala hoMge ki ve use apanI mAtA hI samajhate aura kahate the| yaha sambandha aisA panapA ki trizalA ne mahAvIra ke tyAga-saMskAra ko puSTi kI para unheM apane jIte jI nirgrantha banane kI anumati na dii| bhagavAn ne bhI mAtA kI icchA kA anusaraNa kiyA hogaa| khulAsA koI bhI ho-harahAlata meM mahAvIra, trizalA aura devAnandA apanA pArasparika sambandha to jAnate hI the| kucha dUsare loga bhI isa jAnakArI se vaMcita na the| Age jAkara jaba mahAvIra ugra-sAdhanA ke dvArA mahApuruSa bane taba trizalA kA svargavAsa ho cukA thaa| mahAvIra svayaM satyavAdI saMta the isalie prasaMga Ane para mUla bAta ko nahIM jAnanevAle apane ziSyoM ko apanI asalI mAtA kauna hai isakA hAla batalA diyaa| hAla batalAne kA nimitta isalie upasthita huA hogA ki aba bhagavAn eka mAmUlI vyakti na rahakara bar3e bhArI dharmasaMgha ke mukhiyA bana gaye the aura AsapAsa ke logoM meM bahutAyata se yahI bAta prasiddha

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102 : bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana] thI ki mahAvIra to trizalAputra haiM jaba inegine loga kahate the ki nahIM, mahAvIra to devAnandA brAhmaNI ke putra haiN| yaha virodhI carcA jaba bhagavAn ke kAnoM taka pahuMcI taba unhoMne saccI bAta kaha dI ki maiM to devAnandA kA putra haiN| bhagavAn kA yahI kathana bhagavatI ke navama zataka meM surakSita hai aura trizalAputra rUpa se unako jo lokaprasiddhi thI vaha AcArAMga ke prathama zru taskaMdha meM surakSita hai| usa samaya to virodha kA samAdhAna bhI ThIka-ThIka ho gayA-donoM pracalita bAteM paraMparA meM surakSita rahIM aura eka bAta eka Agama meM to dUsarI dUsare Agama meM nirdiSTa bhI huii| mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda do sau cAra sau varSa meM jaba sAdhu-saMgha meM eka yA dUsare kAraNa se aneka matAntara aura pakSabheda hue taba Agama-prAmANya kA prazna upasthita huA jisane AcArAMga ke prathama zru taskaMdha ko to pUrA pramANa mAna liyA para dUsare AgamoM ke bAre meM saMzaya upasthita kiyA, usa paraMparA meM to bhagavAn kI ekamAtra trizalApatra rUpa se prasiddhi raha gaI aura Age jAkara usane devAnandA ke putra hone kI bAta ko bilkula kAlpanika kahakara chor3a diyaa| yahI paraMparA Age jAkara digaMbara paraMparA meM samA gii| paraMtu jisa paraMparA ne AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha kI taraha dUsare AgamoM ko bhI akSarazaH satya mAna kara pramANa rUpa se mAna rakhA thA usake sAmane virodha upasthita huA, kyoMki zAstroM meM kahIM bhagavAn kI mAtA kA trizalA rUpa se to kahIM devAnaMdA ke rUpa se sUcana thaa| usa paraMparA ke liye eka bAta kA svIkAra aura dUsare kA iMkAra karanA to zakya hI na raha gayA thaa| samAdhAna kaise kiyA jAya? yaha prazna AcAryoM ke sAmane AyA / asalI rahasya to aneka zatAbdiyoM ke garbha meM chipa hI gayA thaa| __ vasudeva kI patnI devakI ke garbha ko sAtaveM mahIne meM divyazakti ke dvArA dUsarI patnI rohiNI ke garbha meM rakhe jAne kI jo bAta sAdhAraNa logoM meM va paurANika AkhyAnoM meM pracalita thI usane tathA devasRSTi kI purAnI mAnyatA ne kisI vicakSaNa AcArya ko naI kalpanA karane ko prerita kiyA jisane garbhApaharaNa kI adbhuta ghaTanA ko eka Azcarya kahakara zAstra meM sthAna de diyaa| phira to akSarazaH

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 103 zAstra ke prAmANya ko mAnane vAle anuyAyiyoM ke lie koI zaMkA yA tarka ke lie guMjAiza hI na raha gaI ki ve asalI bAta jAnane kA prayatna kreN| deva ke hastakSepa dvArA garbhApaharaNa kI jo kalpanA zAstrArUr3ha ho gaI usakI asaMgati to mahAvideha ke sImaMdhara svAmI ke sAtha saMbaMdha joDakara TAlI gaI phira bhI karmavAda ke anusAra yaha to prazna thA hI ki jaba jainasiddhAMta janmagata jAtibheda yA jAtigata U~ca-nIca bhAva ko nahIM mAnatA aura kevala guNa karmAnusAra hI jAtibheda kI kalpanA ko mAnya rakhatA hai to use mahAvIra ke brAhmaNatva para kyoM kSatriyatva sthApita karane kA Agraha rakhanA cAhie? agara brAhmaNa-kula tuccha aura anadhikArI hI hotA to indrabhUti Adi sabhI brAhmaNa-gaNadhara bana kara kevalI kaise hue ? agara kSatriya ho ucca kula ke hoM to phira mahAvIra ke ananya bhakta zreNika Adi kSatriya naraka meM kyoM kara gaye? spaSTa hai ki jainasiddhAMta aisI jAtigata koI U~ca-nIcatA kI kalpanA ko nahIM mAnatA para jaba garbhApaharaNa dvArA trizalAputra rUpa se mahAvIra kI phailI huI prasiddhi ke samAdhAna kA prayatna huA taba brAhmaNa-kula ke tucchatvAdi doSoM kI asaMgata kalpanA ko bhI zAstra meM sthAna milA aura usa asaMgati ko saMgata banAne ke kAlpanika prayatna meM se marIci ke janma meM nIcagotra bA~dhane taka kI kalpanA kathA-zAstra meM A gii| kisI ne yaha nahIM socA ki ye mithyA kalpanAe~ uttarottara kitanI asaMgatiyA~ paidA karatI jAtI haiM aura karmasiddhAMta kA hI khUna karatI haiM ? merI uparyukta dhAraNA ke viruddha yaha bhI dalIla ho sakatI hai ki bhagavAn kI jananI trizalA hI kyoM na ho aura devAnandA unakI dhAtRmAtA ho| isa para merA javAba yaha hai ki devAnandA dhAtRmAtA hotI to usakA usa rUpa se kathana karanA koI lAghava kI bAta na thii| kSatriya ke ghara para dhAtRmAtA koI bhI ho sakatI hai| devAnandA kA dhAtRmAtA rUpa se svAbhAvika ullekha na karake use mAtra mAtA rUpa se nidiSTa kiyA hai aura garbhApaharaNa kI asat kalpanA taka jAnA par3A hai so dhAtRpakSa meM kucha bhI karanA na par3atA aura sahaja varNana A jaataa| aba hama sumerukampana kI ghaTanA para vicAra kareM :-unakI asaM

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104 : bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana gati to spaSTa hai phira bhI isa ghaTanA ko par3hane vAle ke mana meM yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki yadi AgamoM meM garbhApaharaNa jaisI ghaTanA ne mahAva ra kI jIvanI meM sthAna pAyA hai to janma-kAla meM aMguSTha mAtra se kiye gaye sumeru ke kampana jaisI adbhuta ghaTanA ko AgamoM meM hI sthAna kyoM nahIM diyA hai ? itanA hI nahIM balki AgamakAla se aneka zatAbdiyoM ke bAda racI gaI niyukti va caNi jisameM ki bhagavAn kA jIvana nirdiSTa hai usameM bhI usa ghaTanA kA koI jikra nahIM hai / mahAvIra ke pazcAt kama se kama hajAra-bArahasau varSa taka meM race gaye aura saMgraha kiye gaye vAGmaya meM jisa ghaTanA kA koI jikra nahIM hai vaha yakAyaka saba se pahile 'paumacariyaM' meM kaise A gaI ? yaha prazna kama kutUhalavardhaka nahIM hai| hama jaba isake khulAse ke lie AsapAsa ke sAhitya ko dekhate haiM to hameM kisI hada taka saccA javAba bhI mila jAtA hai / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM do prasaMga haiM -pahilA prasaMga yuddhakANDa meM aura dUsarA uttarakANDa meM AtA hai| yuddha kANDa meM hanumAn ke dvArA samUcA kailAsa-zikhara uThAkara raNAMgaNa meM - jahA~ ki ghAyala lakSmaNa par3A thA-le jAkara rakhane kA varNana hai jaba ki uttara-kANDa meM rAvaNa dvArA samUce himAlaya ko hAtha meM taulane kA tathA mahAdeva dvArA aMguSThamAtra se rAvaNa ke hAtha meM taule hue himAlaya ko dabAne kA varNana hai| isa taraha harivaMza Adi prAcIna purANoM meM kRSNa dvArA sAta roja taka govardhanaparvata ko uThAye rakhane kA bhI varNana hai| paurANika vyAsa rAma aura kRSNa jaise avatArI puruSoM kI kathA sunane vAloM kA manoraMjana ukta prakAra kI adbhuta kalpanAoM ke dvArA kara rahe hoM taba usa vAtAvaraNa ke bIca rahane vAle aura mahAvIra kA jIvana sunAne vAle jaina-granthakAra sthala bhUmikA vAle apane sAdhAraNa bhaktoM kA manoraMjana paurANika vyAsa ko taraha hI kalpita camatkAroM se kareM to yaha manuSya-svabhAva ke anukUla ho hai| maiM samajhatA hUM ki apane-apane pUjya puruSoM kI mahattAsUcaka ghaTanAoM ke varNana kI hor3A-hor3I meM (spardhA meM) par3akara sabhI mahApuruSoM kI jIvanI likhanevAloM ne satyAsatya kA viveka kamobeza rUpa se kho diyA hai| isI doSa ke kAraNa sumerukampana kA prasaMga mahA

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 105 vIra kI jIvanI meM A gayA hai / ___ tIsarI bAta devasRSTi kI hai| zramaga-paraMparA meM mAnavIya caritra aura puruSArtha kA hI mahattva hai| buddha kI taraha mahAvIra kA mahattva apane caritra-zuddhi ke asAdhAraNa puruSArtha meM hai / para jaba zuddha AdhyAtmika dharma ne samAja kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura usameM deva-deviyoM kI mAnyatA rakhanevAlI jAtiyA~ dAkhila huI taba unake devaviSayaka vahamoM kI tuSTi aura puSTi ke lie kisI-na-kisI prakAra se mAnavIya jIvana meM devakRta camatkAroM kA varNana anivArya ho gyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvastu aura lalitavistara jaise granthoM meM buddha kI garbhAvasthA meM unakI stuti karane devagaNa Ate haiM aura lumbinI-vana meM (jahA~ ki buddha kA janma haA) devadeviyA~ jAkara pahile se saba taiyAriyA~ karatI haiN| aise daivI camatkAroM se bhare graMthoM kA pracAra jisa sthAna meM ho usa sthAna meM rahane vAle mahAvIra ke anupAyI unakI jIvanI ko binA daivI camatkAroM ke sunanA pasanda kareM yaha sambhava hI nahIM hai / maiM samajhatA hUM isI kAraNa se mahAvIra kI sArI sahaja jIvanI meM devasRSTi kI kalpita chA~Ta A gaI hai| purAnI jIvana-sAmagrI kA upayoga karane meM sAmpradAyika aura aitihAsika dRSTikoNa meM dUsarA bhI eka mahAn pharka hai, jisake kAraNa sAmpradAyika bhAva se livI gaI koI bhI jovano sArvajanika pratiSThA pA nahIM sktii| vaha pharka yaha hai ki mahAvIra jaise AdhyAtmika puruSa ke nAma para calane vAlA sampradAya aneka choTe-bar3e phirakoM meM sthUla aura mAmUlI matabhedoM ko tAttvika aura bar3A tata dekara baMTa gayA hai| pratyeka phirakA apanI mAnyatA ko purAnI aura maulika sAbita karane ke lie usakA sambandha kisI bhI taraha se mahAvIra se jor3anA cAhatA hai| phala yaha hotA hai ki apanI koI mAnyatA yadi kisI bhI taraha se mahAvIra ke jIvana se sambaddha nahIM hotI to vaha phirakA apanI mAnyatA ke viruddha jAne vAle mahAvIra jIvana ke usa bhAga ke nirUpaka granthoM taka ko (cAhe vaha kitane hI purAne kyoM na hoM) chor3a detA hai, jaba ki dUsare phirake bhI apanIapanI mAnyatA ke lie vaisI hI khicAtAnI karate haiN| phala yaha hotA

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106 : bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana] hai ki jIvanI kI purAnI sAmagrI kA upayoga karane meM bhI sArA jaina-sampradAya ekamata nhiiN| aitihAsika kA prazna vaisA nahIM hai| use kisI phirake se koI khAsa nAtA yA benAtA nahIM hotA hai / vaha taTastha bhAva se sArI jIvana-sAmagrI kA jIvanI likhane meM vivekadRSTi se upayoga karatA hai| vaha na to kisI phirake kI khuzAmada karatA hai aura na kisI ko nArAja karane kI koziza karatA hai| cAhe koI phirakA usakI bAta mAne yA na mAne, vaha apanI bAta viveka, niSpakSatA aura nirbhayatA se kahegA va likhegaa| isa taraha aitihAsika kA prayatna satyamukhI aura vyApaka bana jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki navayuga usI kA Adara karatA hai| ___ aba hama saMkSepa meM yaha dekheMge ki aitihAsika dRSTi se mahAvIrajIvana likhane kI kyA-kyA sAmagrI hai ? sAmagrI ke mukhya tIna srota haiN| sAhityika, bhaugolika tathA paraMparAgata AcAra va jIvana / sAhitya meM vaidika, bauddha aura jaina prAcIna vAGmaya kA samAveza hotA hai| bhaugolika meM upalabdha ve grAma, nadI, nagara, parvata Adi pradeza haiM jinakA sambandha mahAvIra ke jIvana meM prasaMga-prasaMga para AtA hai| paraMparA se prApta vaha AcAra aura jIvana bhI jIvanI likhane meM upayogI haiM jinakA eka yA dUsare rUpa se mahAvIra ke jIvana tathA upadeza ke sAtha evaM mahAvIra kI pUrva paraMparA aura samakAlIna paraMparA ke sAtha sambandha hai, cAhe vaha usa purAne rUpa meM bhale hI Aja na ho aura parivartita evaM vikRta ho gayA ho| aitihAsika dRSTi ukta sAmagrI ke kisI bhI aMza kI upekSA nahIM kara sakatI aura isake alAvA bhI koI anya srota mAlUma ho jAya to vaha usakA bhI svAgata kregii| Upara jisa sAmagrI kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usakA upayoga aitihAsika dRSTi se jIvanI likhane meM kisa-kisa taraha kiyA jA sakatA hai isa para yahA~ thor3e meM prakAza DAlanA jarUrI hai| kisI bhI mahAn puruSa kI jIvanI ko jaba hama par3hate haiM taba usake lekhaka bahudhA iSTa puruSoM kI logoM ke mana para par3I huI mahattA kI chApa ko kAyama rakhane aura use aura bhI puSTa karane ke lie sAmAnya jana-samAja meM

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 107 pracalita aisI mahattAsUcaka kasauTiyoM para adhikatara bhAra dete haiN| aura ve mahattA kI asalI jar3a ko bilkula bhulA na deM to bhI use gauNa to kara hI dete haiM arthAt usa puruSa kI mahattA kI asalI cAvI para utanA bhAra ve nahIM dete jitanA bhAra sAdhAraNa logoM kI mAnI huI mahattA kI kasauTiyoM kA varNana karane para dete haiM / isakA phala yaha hotA hai ki jahA~ eka tarapha se mahattA kA mApadaNDa banAvaTI ho jAtA hai vahA~ dUsarI tarapha se usa puruSa kI asalI cAvI kA mUlyAMkana bhI dhIre-dhIre logoM kI dRSTi meM ojhala ho jAtA hai / sabhI mahAna puruSoM kI jIvaniyoM meM yaha doSa kamobeza dekhA jAtA hai | bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jIvanI ko usa doSa se bacAnA ho to hameM sAdhAraNa logoM kI rUDha ruci kI puSTi kA vicAra binA kiye hI asalI vastu kA vicAra karanA hogA / -- bhagavAn ke jIvana ke mukhya do aMza haiM - eka to AtmalakSI - jisameM apanI Atmazuddhi ke lie kiye gaye bhagavAn ke samagra puruSArtha kA samAveza hotA hai | dUsarA aMza vaha hai jisameM bhagavAn ne paralakSI AdhyAtmika pravRtti kI hai / jIvanI ke pahile aMza kA pUrA varNana to kahIM bhI likhA nahIM milatA phira bhI usakA thor3A-sA para prAmANika aura atiraMjanarahita prAcIna varNana bhAgyavaza AcArAMga prathama zra taskaMdha ke navama adhyayana meM abhI taka surakSita hai / isase adhika purAnA aura adhika prAmANika koI varNana agara kisI ne likhA hogA to vaha Aja surakSita nahIM hai / isalie pratyeka aitihAsika lekhaka ko bhagavAn kI sAdhanA kAlIna sthiti kA citraNa karane meM mukhya rUpa se vaha eka hI adhyayana upayogI ho sakatA hai / bhale hI vaha lekhaka isa adhyayana meM varNita sAdhanA kI puSTi ke lie anya-anya Agamika bhAgoM se sahArA le para use bhagavAn kI sAdhanA kaisI thI isakA varNana karane ke lie ukta adhyayana ko hI kendra sthAna meM rakhanA hogA / yadyapi vaidika paraMparA ke kisI grantha meM bhagavAn ke nAma taka

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108 : bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana ] kA nirdeza nahIM hai phira bhI jaba taka hama prAcIna zatapatha Adi brAhmaNa-grantha aura Apastamba, kAtyAyana Adi zrauta sUtra na dekheM taba taka hama bhagavAn kI dhArmika pravRtti kA na to ThIka-ThIka mUlya AMka sakate haiM aura na aisI pravRtti kA varNana karane vAle Agamika bhAgoM kI prAcInatA aura mahattA ko hI samajha sakate haiM / brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya ke jIvana meM vividha yajJoM kA dharmarUpa se kaisA sthAna thA aura unameM se aneka yajJoM meM gAya, ghor3e, bher3a, bakare Adi pazuoM kA tathA manuSya taka kA kaisA dhArmika vadha hotA thA evaM atithi ke lie bhI prANiyoM kA vadha dharmya mAnA jAtA thAisa bAta kI Aja hameM koI kalpanA taka nahIM ho sakatI hai jaba kI hajAroM varSa se deza ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka purAnI yajJaprathA hI banda ho gaI hai aura kahIM-kahIM va kabhI-kabhI koI yajJa karate bhI haiM to ve yajJa bilkula hI ahiMsaka hote haiM / dharmarUpa se avazya karttavya mAne jAne vAle pazuvadha kA virodha karake use Ama taura se rokane kA kAma usa samaya utanA kaThina to avazya thA jitanA kaThina Aja ke katlakhAnoM meM hone vAle pazuvadha ko baMda karAnA hai | bhagavAn ne apane pUrvavartI aura samakAlIna mahAn saMtoM kI taraha isa kaThina kArya ko karane meM kora-kasara uThA rakhI na thI / uttarAdhyayana ke yajJIya adhyayana meM jo yajJIya hiMsA kA Atyantika virodha hai vaha bhagavAn kI dhArmika pravRtti kA mahatva aura agale jamAne para par3e hue usake asara ko samajhane ke lie jIvanI likhane vAle ko Upara sUcita vaidika-granthoM kA adhyayana karanA hI hogA / dharma ke kSetra meM brAhmaNa Adi tIna varNoM kA Adara to eka-sA hI thaa| tInoM varNa vAle yajJa ke adhikArI the / isalie varNa kI judAI hote hue bhI isameM chuAchUta kA bhAva na thA para vikaTa savAla 1. zatapatha brAhmaNa kA0 30 a0 7, 8, 9 / kA0 4; a0 6 / kA0 5; a0 1, 2, 5 / kA0 6; a0 2 / kA0 11; a0 7, 8 / kA0 12; a07| kA0 13; a0 1, 2, 5 ityAdi / kAtyAyana zrautasUtra - acyuta granthamAlA bhUmikAgata yajJoM kA varNana |

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[cAra tIrthaMkara : 106 to zUdroM kA thA / dharmakSetra meM praveza kI bAta to dUra rahI para unakA darzana taka kaisA amaMgala mAnA jAtA thA, isakA varNana hameM purAne brAhmaNa-granthoM meM spaSTa milatA hai| zUdroM ko aspRzya mAnane kA bhAva vaidika paraMparA meM itanA gaharA thA ki dhArmika pazuvadha kA bhAva itanA gaharA na thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki buddha-mahAvIra jaise saMtoM ke prayatnoM se dhArmika pazuvadha to banda huA para usake hajAra prayatna karane para bhI aspRzyatA kA bhAva usI purAne yuga kI taraha Aja bhI maujUda hai / itanA hI nahIM balki brAhmaNa-paraMparA meM rUr3ha hue usa jAtigata aspRzyatA ke bhAva kA khuda mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM para bhI aisA asara par3A hai ki ve bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mahattA ko to aspRzyatA nivAraNa ke dhArmika-prayatna se A~kate aura gAte haiM phira bhI ve khuda hI brAhmaNa-paraMparA ke prabhAva meM Akara zUdroM kI aspRzyatA ko apane jIvana-vyavahAra meM sthAna diye hue haiN| aisI gaharI jar3avAle chuAchUta ke bhAva ko dUra karane ke lie bhagavAn ne nindAstuti kI paravAha kie prabala puruSArtha kiyA thA aura vaha bhI dhArmika kSetra meM / brAhmaNa-paraMparA apane sarvazreSTha yajJa-dharma meM zadroM kA darzana taka sahana karatI na thI taba buddha Adi anya saMtoM kI taraha mahAvIra cANDAla jaise ati za droM ko bhI apane sAdhusaMgha meM vaisA hI sthAna dete the jaisA ki brAhmaNa Adi anya varNoM ko| jaise gA~dhIjI ne aspRzyatA ko jar3amUla se ukhAr3a pheMkane ke lie zUdroM ko dharmamaMdira meM sthAna dilAne kA prayatna kiyA hai vaise hI mahAvIra ne aspRzyatA ko ukhAr3a pheMkane ke lie zUdroM ko mUrdhanyarUpa apane sAdhusaMgha meM sthAna diyA thaa| mahAvIra ke bAda aise kisI jaina AcArya yA gRhastha kA itihAsa nahIM milatA ki jisameM usake dvArA ati zUdroM ko sAdhusaMgha meM sthAna diye jAne ke sabUta hoN| dUsarI tarapha se sArA jaina samAja aspRzyatA ke bAre meM brAhmaNa-paraMparA ke prabhAva se mukta nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM uttarAdhyayana jaise prAcIna grantha meM eka cANDAla ko jaina dIkSA diye jAne kI jo ghaTanA varNita hai aura 1. zatapatha brAhmaNa kA0 3, a0 1 brA0 1 / 2. adhyayana 12 /

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110 : bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana ] agale jaina tarka-granthoM meM jAtivAda kA jo prabala khaNDana hai usakA kyA artha hai ? aisA prazna hue binA nahIM rahatA / isa prazna kA isake sivAya dUsarA koI khulAsA hI nahIM hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jAtivAda' kA jo prabala virodha kiyA thA vaha kisI na kisI rUpa meM purAne AgamoM meM surakSita raha gayA hai / bhagavAn dvArA kiye gaye isa jAtivAda ke virodha ke tathA usa virodha ke sUcaka Agamika bhAgoM ke mahatva kA mUlyAMkana ThIka-ThIka karanA ho to bhagavAn kI jIvanI likhane vAle ko jAtivAda ke samarthaka prAcIna brAhmaNa-granthoM ko dekhanA hI hogA / mahAvIra ne bilkula naI dharma-paraMparA ko calAyA nahIM hai kiMtu unhoMne pUrvavartI pArzvanAtha kI dharma-paraMparA ko hI punarujjIvita kiyA hai / vaha pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA kaisI thI, usakA kyA nAma thA isameM mahAvIra ne kyA sudhAra yA parivartana kiyA, purAnI paraM parA vAloM ke sAtha saMgharSa hone bAda unake sAtha mahAvIra ke sudhAra kA kaisA samanvaya huA, mahAvIra kA nija vyaktitva mukhyatayA kisa bAta para avalaMbita thA, mahAvIra ke pratispardhI mukhya kauna-kauna the, unake sAtha mahAvIra kA matabheda kisa-kisa bAta meM thA, mahAvIra AcAra ke kisa aMza para adhika bhAra dete the, kauna-kauna rAje-mahArAje Adi mahAvIra ko mAnate the, mahAvIra kisa kula meM hue ityAdi praznoM kA javAba kisI na kisI rUpa meM bhinna-bhinna jainaAgama-bhAgoM meM surakSita hai / parantu vaha javAba aitihAsika jIvanI kA AdhAra tabhI bana sakatA hai jabaki usakI saccAI aura prAcInatA bAharI sabUtoM se bhI sAbita ho| isa bAre meM bauddha-piTaka ke purAne aMza sIdhe taura se bahuta madada karate haiM kyoMki jaisA jainAgamoM meM pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma dharma kA varNana hai ThIka vaisA hI cAturyAma nirmantha dharma kA nirdeza bauddha piTakoM meM bhI hai / isa bauddha ullekha 1. sanmatiTIkA pR0 667; nyAyakumudacandra pR0 767 ityAdi / 2. uttarAdhyayana a0 25 gAthA 33 / 3. uttarAdhyayana a0 23; bhagavatI za0 2 u0 5, ityAdi / 4 dIghanikAya - sAmaJJaphalasutta /

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[ cAra tIrthakara : 111 se mahAvIra ke paJcayAma dharma ke sudhAra kI jaina zAstra meM varNita ghaTanA kI aitihAsikatA sAbita ho jAtI hai| mahAvIra khuda nagnaacela the phira bhI parimita va jIrNa vastra rakhanevAle sAdhuoM ko apane saMgha meM sthAna dete the aisA jo varNana AcArAMga-uttarAdhyayana meM hai usakI aitihAsikatA bhI bauddha granthoM se sAbita ho jAtI hai kyoMki bauddha granthoM meM acela aura ekasATakadhara zramaNoM kA jo varNana hai vaha mahAvIra ke acela aura sacela sAdhuoM ko lAgU hotA hai| jaina AgamoM meM mahAvIra kA kula jJAta kahA gayA hai, bauddha piTakoM meM bhI unakA vahI kula' nidiSTa hai| mahAvIra ke nAma ke sAtha nirgrantha vizeSaNa bauddha granthoM ke AtA hai jo jaina-varNana kI saccAI ko sAbita karatA hai| zreNika-koNikAdi rAje mahAvIra ko mAnate the yA unakA Adara karate the aisA jainAgamoM meM jo varNana hai vaha bauddha piTakoM ke varNana se bhI kharA utaratA hai| mahAvIra ke vyaktitva kA sUcaka dIrghatapasyA kA varNana jainAgamoM meM hai usakI aitihAsikatA bauddha granthoM se sAbita hotI hai kyoMki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSyoM kA dIrghatapasvI rUpa se nirdeza unameM AtA hai / jainAgamoM meM mahAvIra ke vihArakSetra kA jo AbhAsa milatA hai vaha bauddha piTakoM ke sAtha milAna karane se kharA hI utaratA hai| jainAgamoM meM mahAvIra ke bar3e pratispardhI gozAlaka kA jo varNana hai vaha bhI bauddha piTakoM ke saMvAda se saccA hI sAbita hotA hai| isa taraha mahAvIra ke jIvanI ke mahattva ke aMzoM ko aitihAsika batalAne ke lie lekhaka ko bauddha piTakoM kA sahArA lenA ho hogaa| 1. aMguttara bhAga, 1.151 / bhAga. 2, 168 / sumaGgalAvilA sinI pR0 144 2. dIghanikAya-sAmaphalasutta ityAdi ityAdi / 3. jaisI tapasyA svayaM unhoMne kI vaisI hI tapasyA kA upadeza unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko diyA thaa| ataeva unake ziSyoM ko bauddha graMtha meM jo dIrgha tapasvI vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai usase bhagavAn bhI dIrghatapasvI the aisA sUcita hotA hai / --dekho majjhimanikAya-upAlisutta 56 /

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112 : bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana ] buddha aura mahAvIra samakAlIna aura samAna kSetravihArI to the hI para aitihAsikoM ke sAmane eka savAla yaha par3A hai ki donoM meM pahile kisakA nirvANa huA ? prophesara yAkobI ne bauddha aura jaina granthoM kI aitihAsika dRSTi se tulanA karake aMtima niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki mahAvIra kA nirvANa buddha-nirvANa ke pIche hI amuka samaya ke bAda hI huA hai / yAkobI ne apanI gaharI chAnabIna se yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki vajji - licchiviyoM kA kuNika ke sAtha jo yuddha huA thA vaha buddha-nirvANa ke bAda aura mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI huA / vajji - licchivIgaNa kA varNana to bauddha aura jaina granthoM meM AtA hai para inake yuddha kA varNana bauddhagranthoM meM nahIM AtA hai jaba ki jainagranthoM meM AtA hai / yAkobI kA yaha aitihAsika niSkarSa mahAvIra kI jIvanI likhane meM jaisA taisA upayogI nahIM hai / isase aitihAsika lekhaka kA dhyAna isa tattva kI ora bhI apane Apa jAtA hai ki bhagavAn kI jIvanI likhane meM AgamavarNita choTI bar3I saba ghaTanAoM kI bar3I sAvadhAnI se jA~ca karake unakA upayoga karanA cAhie / mahAvIra kI jIvanI kA nirUpaNa karane vAle kalpasUtra Adi aneka dUsare bhI grantha haiM jinheM zraddhAlu loga akSarazaH saccA mAna kara sunate Aye haiM para inakI bhI aitihAsika dRSTi se chAnabIna karane para mAlUma ho jAtA hai ki unameM kaI bAteM pIche se auroM kI dekhAdekhI lokaruci kI puSTi ke lie jor3I gaI haiM / bauddha mahAyAna paraMparA ke mahAvastu, lalitavistara jaise granthoM ke sAtha kalpasUtra kI tulanA ke binA kiye aitihAsika lekhaka apanA kAma ThIka taura se kara nahIM sakatA / vaha jaba aisI tulanA karatA hai taba use mAlUma par3a jAtA hai ki bhagavAn kI jIvanI meM AnevAle caudaha svapnoM kA varNana tathA janmakAla meM aura kumArAvasthA meM aneka devoM ke gamanAgamana kA varNana kyoM aura kaise kAlpanika tathA paurANika hai / bhagavAn pAzrvanAtha kA janmasthAna to vArANasI thA, para unakA bhramaNa aura upadeza kSetra dUra-dUra taka vistIrNa thA / isI kSetra meM 1. 'bhAratIya vidyA' siMghI smAraka aMka pR0 177 /

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 113 caizAlI nAmaka suprasiddha zahara bhI AtA hai jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra janme / janma se nirvANa taka meM bhagavAn kI pAdacaryA se aneka choTe bar3e zahara, kasabe gA~va, nadI, nAle, parvata, upavana Adi pavitra hue, jinameM se aneka ke nAma va varNana Agamika sAhitya meM surakSita haiM / agara aitihAsika jovanI likhanI ho to hamAre lie yaha jarUrI ho jAtA hai ki hama una sabhI sthAnoM kA A~khoM se nirIkSaNa kreN| mahAvIra ke bAda aise koI asAdhAraNa aura maulika parivartana hae nahIM haiM jinase una saba sthAnoM kA nAmonizAna miTa gayA ho / / DhAI hajAra varSoM ke parivartanoM ke bAvajUda bhI aneka zahara, gA~va, nadI, nAle, parvata Adi Aja taka unhIM nAmoM se yA thor3e bahuta apabhraSTa nAmoM se pukAre jAte haiM jaba hama mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA meM Ane vAle una sthAnoM kA pratyakSa nirIkSaNa kareMge taba hameM Agamika varNanoM kI saccAI ke tAratamya kI bhI eka bahamUlya kasauTI mila jAyagI, jisase hama na kevala aitihAsika jIvana ko hI tAdRza citrita kara sakeMge balki aneka ulajhI gutthiyoM ko bhI sulajhA sakeMge / isalie merI rAya meM aitihAsika lekhaka ke lie kamase kama bhaugolika bhAga kA pratyakSya paricaya ghama-ghUma kara karanA jarUrI hai| aitihAsika jIvanI likhane kA tIsarA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana paramparAgata AcAra-vicAra hai| bhArata kI janatA para khAsa kara jainadharma ke pracAravAle bhAgoM ko janatA para mahAvIra ke jIvana kA sUkSma-sUkSmatara prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai, para usakI amiTa aura spaSTa chApa to jaina-paramparA ke anuyAyI gRhastha aura tyAgI ke AcAra-vicAroM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| samaya ke heraphera se, bAharI prabhAvoM se aura adhikAra-bheda se Aja ke jaina samAja kA AcAravicAra kitanA hI kyoM na badalA ho; para yaha apane upAsya deva mahAvIra ke AcAra-vicAra ke vAstavika rUpa kI Aja bhI jhA~kI karA sakatA hai| alabattA isameM chAnabIna karane kI zakti Avazyaka hai / isa taraha hama Upara sUcita kiye hue tInoM sAdhanoM kA gaharAI ke sAtha adhyayana karake mahAvIra kI etihAsika jIvanI taiyAra kara sakate haiM, jo samaya kI mA~ga hai / I0 1647]

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bha0 mahAvIra kI maMgala virAsata Aja kA dina sAMvatsarika parva kA hai / yaha jainoM kI dRSTi se adhika pavitra hai / saba dina kI apekSA Aja kA prabhAva adhika maMgala hai aura usakI apekSA bhI jisa kSaNa meM hama loga yahA~ ekatra hue haiM vaha adhika mAMgalika hai / kyoMki anya prasaMga meM sage sambandhI mitra Adi milate haiM, kintu Aja to hama aise loga ekatra mile haiM jo prAyaH eka dUsare ko pahacAnate taka nhiiN| isake pIche bhAvanA yaha hai ki hama saba bheda aura guTabandI ko bhUlakara kisI mAMgalika vastu ko, jIvanasparzI vastu ko suneM aura usa para vicAra kreN| sAmAnyataH hameM jo virAsata milatI hai vaha tIna prakAra kI hotI hai| mAtA pitA Adi se zarIrasambaddharUpa, AkRti Adi guNa dharma kI virAsata yaha prathama prakAra hai aura mAtA pitA yA anya se janma se pahale yA bAda jo saMpatti virAsata meM milatI hai vaha dUsarA prakAra hai| pahale aura dUsare prakAra ke bIca bar3A bheda hai, kyoMki zArIrika virAsata saMtati ke lie avazyaMbhAvI hai jaba ki saMpatti ke viSaya meM aisA nahIM hai| prAyaH aisA hotA hai ki mAtA pitA ne saMtati ko kucha bhI saMpatti virAsata meM na dI ho phira bhI saMtati nayA upArjana karatI hai aura aisA bhI hotA hai ki bar3oM se prApta

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 115 saMpatti ko saMtati bilakula phanA kara detI / saMskAra yaha mAtApitA se bhI milate haiM, zikSaka aura mitroM se bhI milate haiM tathA jisa samAja meM saMvardhana ho usameM se bhI milate haiN| saMskAra kI yaha tIsarI virAsata eka hI prakAra kI nahIM hotI / bhASAkoya aura dUsare aneka prakAra ke saMskAra prApta hote haiM / jIvana jIne ke lie, use vikasita aura samRddha banAne ke lie ukta tInoM prakAra kI virAsateM Avazyaka haiM yaha saca hai| kintu una tInoM prakAra kI virAsatoM meM jIvana ko praraNA denevAlI, usameM saMjIvanI kA praveza karAnevAlI virAsata yaha to anokhI hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha virAsata maMgalarUpa hai| yadi yaha mAMgalika virAsata na mile to ukta tInoM virAsata ke bala para hama sAdhAraNa jIvana to bitA sakate haiM kintu unake sahAre hamArA jIvana ucca aura dhanya nahIM ho sktaa| vahI isa caturtha virAsata kI vizeSatA hai| jo mAMgalika virAsata bhagavAn mahAvIra se hamane pAI hai vaisI virAsata mAtApitA, bar3oM, yA sAmAnya samAja meM se prApta hone kA niyama nhiiN| phira bhI vaha kisI anokhe pravAha meM se milatI to hai hii| zArIrika, sAMpattika aura sAMskArika ye tInoM virAsateM sthUla indriyagamya haiM, jaba ki cauthe prakAra kI virAsata ke bAre meM aisA nahIM hai / jisa manuSya ko prajJendriya prApta ho, jisakA saMvedana sUkSma aura sUkSmatara ho vaho isa virAsata ko samajha yA grahaNa kara sakatA hai / dUsarI virAsateM jIvana rahate hI yA mRtyu ke samaya naSTa ho jAtI haiM jaba ki vaha mAMgalika virAsata kabhI naSTa nahIM hotii| eka bAra yadi yaha virAsata caitanya meM praviSTa ho gaI to vaha janmajanmAntara calatI hai, usakA uttarottara vikAsa hotA hai vaha aneka vyaktiyoM ko saMplAvita bhI karegI hii| hama logoM ne aisI AryaparaMparA meM janma prApta kiyA hai ki janmate hI aisI mAMgalika virAsata ke Andolana jAne na jAne hameM sparza karate haiM / yaha ho sakatA hai ki hama use grahaNa na kara sakeM, yathArtha rUpa meM jAna bhI na sakeM, kintu isa mAMgalika virAsata ke Andolana AryabhUmi meM bahuta hI sahaja haiN| zrI aravinda, sara rAdhAkRSNan Adi bhArata-bhUmi ko AdhyA

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116 : bha0 mahAvIra kI maMgala virAsata tmika bhUmi kahate haiM basa isI artha meM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jisa mAMgalika virAsata ko hameM diyA hai yA sauMpA hai vaha kauna sI hai yahI Aja vicAraNIya hai| eka bAta spaSTa samajha lI jAnI cAhie ki siddhArthanandana yA trizalAputra sthUla dehadhArI mahAvIra ke viSaya meM hama mukhya rUpa se yahA~ vicAra nahIM karate / unakA aitihAsika yA grantha-baddha sthUla jIvana to hamezA hama par3hate sunate Aye haiM / Aja jisa mahAvIra kA maiM nirdeza karatA hUM vaha zuddha buddha vAsanAmukta cetanasvarUpa mahAn vora ko mana meM rakha kara usakA nirdeza karatA huuN| aise mahAvIra meM siddhArthanandana kA to samAveza ho hI jAtA hai| isake alAvA vaise sabhI zuddha buddha cetana kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai / isa mahAvIra meM kisI jAta-pA~ta kA yA dezakAla kA bheda nahIM hai| ve votarAgAdvaitarUpa se eka ho haiM / inhIM bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI aneka stutikAroM ne stuti kI hai / jaba mAnatuGga AcArya stutya tattva ko buddha kahate haiM, zaMkara kahate haiM, vidhAtA kahate haiM aura puruSottama kahate haiM, taba ve sadguNAhata ko bhUmikA kA hI sparza karate haiN| Anandaghana 'rAma, rahimAna, kAna' Adi sampradAyoM meM pracalita zabdoM kA prayoga karake aise hI kisI paramatattva kA stavana karate haiM / Aja hama isI prakAra se vIra ko samajhane kI koziza kreN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jisa virAsata ko hameM diyA hai use unhoMne apane vicAra meM hI saMgRhota nahIM rakhA thA kintu unhoMne use apane jIvana meM utAra kara paripakva karane ke bAda hI hamAre samakSa rakhA hai| ataeva vaha virAsata upadeza meM nahIM samA jAto, usakA to AcaraNa bhI karanA caahie| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI virAsata ko saMkSepa meM cAra bhAgoM meM batAyA jA sakatA hai-(1) jIvanadRSTi, (2) jIvanazuddhi, (3) jIvanavyavahAra kA parivartana aura (4) puruSArtha / ___bhagavAn kI jIvana viSayaka dRSTi kyA thI yahI prathama samajhane kA yatna kreN| jIvanadRSTi arthAt jIvana kA mUlya parakhane kI dRSTi / hama sabhI apane-apane jIvana kA mUlya A~kate haiN| adhika haA to jisa kuTumba, jisa grAma, jisa samAja yA jisa rASTra ke sAtha

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 117 apanA sambandha hotA hai usake jIvana kA mUlya karate haiM / isase Age bar3hakara samasta mAnava samAja aura usase bhI Age bar3hakara hamAre sambaddha pazu- -pakSI ke bhI jIvana kA mUlya A~kate haiM / kintu mahAvIra kI svasaMvedanadRSTi usase bhI Age bar3ha gaI thI / kAkA sAhaba ne mahAvIra kI jIvanadRSTi kA ullekha karate hue kahA thA ki ve eka aise dhairya sampanna aura sUkSma-prajJa the ki unhoMne kITa-pataMGga to kyA jala aura vanaspati jaisI jIvanazUnya mAnI jAnevAlI bhautika vastuoM meM bhI jIvanatatva dekhA thA / mahAvIra ne jaba apanI jIvanadRSTi logoM ke samakSa rakhI taba use kauna grahaNa kara sakeMge isakA vicAra nahIM kiyA kintu itanA hI socA ki kAla niravadhi hai aura pRthvo vizAla hai, kabhI na kabhI to koI use samajhegA hI / jise gahanatama spaSTa pratIti hotI hai vaha adhIra hokara aisA nahIM socatA ki merI pratIti ko tatkAla hI loga kyoM nahIM samajha jAte ? mahAvIra ne AcArAMga nAmaka apane prAcIna upadezagrantha meM bahuta sarala DhaMga se apanI bAta upasthita kI hai aura kahA hai ki pratyeka ko jIvana priya hai, jaisA ki svayaM hameM / bhagavAn kI sarala sarvagrAhya dalIla itanI hI hai ki maiM Ananda aura sukha cAhatA hUM isI se maiM svayaM hUM / to phira isI nyAya se Ananda aura sukha ko cAhane vAle dUsare bhI prANI hote haiM / aisI sthiti meM aisA kaise kahA jAya ki manuSya meM hI AtmA hai, pazu-pakSI meM hI AtmA hai aura dUsare meM nahIM hai ? koTa aura pataMga apane DhaMga se sukha kI zodha karate najara Ate haiM kintu sUkSmatama vAnaspatika jIvasRSTi meM bhI saMtati aura poSaNa kI prakriyA agamya rUpa se calatI hI rahatI hai / bhagavAn kI yaha dalIla thI aura isake AdhAra para unhoMne samasta vizva meM apane samAna hI cetanatatva ko ullasita dekhA / use dhAraNa karane vAle, zarIra aura indriyoM ke AkAra-prakAra meM kitanA hI antara kyoM na ho, kAryazakti meM bhI antara ho phira bhI tAttvika rUpa se sarva vyApI cetana tattva eka hI prakAra kA vilasita ho rahA hai / bhagavAn kI isa jIvanadRSTi ko hama Atmaupamya dRSTi kaha sakate haiM / hama saba jaise tAtvika rUpa se haiM vaise hI choTe-bar3e sabhI prANI bhI / jo anya prANI rUpa meM haiM ve bhI kabhI na kabhI vikAsakrama meM mAnavabhUmikA ko

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118 : bha0 mahAvIra kI maMgala virAsata sparza karate haiM aura mAnavabhUmikA ko prApta jIva bhI kabhI avakrAntikrama meM anya prANI kA svarUpa prApta karate haiM / aisI utkrAnti aura avakrAnti kA cakra calatA hI rahatA hai / kintu usase mUla caitanya ke svarUpa meM kucha bheda nahIM hotA / jo bheda hotA hotA bhI hai vaha vyAvahArika hai| bhagavAn kI Atmaupamya kI dRSTi meM jIvanazuddhi kA prazna A hI jAtA hai / ajJAta kAla se cetana kA prakAza kitanA bhI AvRta kyoM na huA ho, usakA AvirbhAva kama yA jyAdA ho phira bhI usakI zakti pUrNa vikAsa - pUrNa zuddhi hI hai / yadi jIvanatatva meM pUrNazuddhi kI zakyatA na ho to AdhyAtmika sAdhana kA kucha bhI prayojana nahIM rahatA / jisa kisI deza meM sacce adhyAtmika anubhavI hue haiM una saba kI pratIti eka jaisI hI hai ki cetana tatva vastutaH zuddha hai / vAsanA aura lepa se pRthak hai / zuddha caitanya ke Upara jo vAsanA yA karma kI chAyA par3atI hai vaha usakA mUla svarUpa nahIM hai / mUlasvarUpa to usase bhinna hI hai / yaha jIvanazuddhi kA siddhAnta huA, jise hamane Atmopamya kI dRSTi kahA aura jise jIvanazuddhikI dRSTi kahA usameM vedAntiyoM kA brahmAdvaitavAda yA bauddhoM kA vijJAnAdvaitavAda yA vaise hI dUsare kevalAdvata zuddhAdva eta jaise vAda samAviSTa ho jAte haiM, bhale hI sAMpradAyika paribhASA ke anusAra unakA bhinna-bhinna artha hotA ho / yadi tatvataH jIva kA svarUpa zuddha hI hai to phira hameM usa svarUpa ko puSTa karane aura prApta karane ke lie kyA karanA yaha sAdhanAviSayaka prazna upasthita hotA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ukta prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA hai ki jaba taka jIvanavyavahAra meM parivartana nahIM hotA, Atmopamya kI dRSTi aura Atmazuddhi kI siddhi ho aisA jIvanavyavahAra meM parivartana na ho taba taka ukta donoM bAtoM kA anubhava ho nahIM sakatA / jIvanavyavahAra ke parivartana ko jainaparibhASA meM caraNa-karaNa kahate haiM / vyavahArabhASA meM usakA yahI artha hai ki bilakula sarala, sAdA aura niSkapaTa jIvana bitAnA | vyAvahArika jIvana yaha Atmaupamya kI dRSTi vikasita karane kA aura Atmazuddhi siddha karane kA eka sAdhana hai / yaha nahIM

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 116 ki ukta dRSTi aura zuddhi ke Upara adhika AvaraNa-mAyika jAla bar3hAne kaa| jIvanavyavahAra ke parivartana ke viSaya meM eka hI mukhya bAta samajhane kI hai aura vaha yaha ki prApta sthUla sAdhanoM kA isa prakAra kA upayoga na karanA ki jisase hama apanI AtmA ko hI kho baitthe| kintu ukta sabhI bAteM saca hone para bhI yaha vicArane kA rahatA hI hai ki yaha saba kaise ho? jisa samAja, jisa lokapravAha meM hama rahate haiM usameM to aisA kucha bhI ghaTita hotA ho aisA najara nahIM aataa| kyA Izvara yA aisI koI daivI zakti nahIM hai jo hamArA hAtha pakar3a le aura lokapravAha se viparIta dizA meM hameM le cale. Urdhvagati de ? isakA uttara mahAvIra ne svAnubhava se diyA hai aura vaha yaha ki isake lie puruSArtha hI Avazyaka hai / jaba taka koI bhI sAdhaka svayaM puruSArtha na kare, vAsanAoM ke pratikUla AcaraNa na kare, usake AghAta-pratyAghAta se kSobha kA anubhava binA kiye aDigarUpa se usake sAmane yuddha karane kA parAkrama na dikhAve taba taka uparyukta eka bhI bAta siddha nahIM ho sktii| isIse unhoMne kahA hai ki 'saMjamammi ya vIriyaM' arthAt saMyama, caritra, sarala jIvanavyavahAra ina sabake lie parAkrama karanA caahie| vastutaH mahAvIra yaha nAma nahIM hai, vizeSaNa hai / jo aisA vIryaparAkrama dikhAte haiM ve sabhI mahAvIra haiN| isameM siddhArthanandana to A hI jAte haiM aura inake alAvA anya sabhI vaise adhyAtmaparAkramo bhI A jAte haiN| jo bAta mahAvIra ne prAkRta bhASA meM kahI hai vahI bAta dUsarI paribhASA meM tanika dUsarI taraha se upaniSadoM meM bhI hai / jaba IzAvasya maMtra ke praNetA RSi kahate haiM ki samasta vizva meM jo kucha dRzya hai vaha saba Iza se vyApta hai taba vaha yahI bAta dUsare Dhaga se karate haiM / loga Iza zabda se yadi Izvara samajhate haiM to usameM kucha burA nahIM hai| kyoMki jo cetanatatva samasta vizva meM vyApta hai vaha zuddha hone se Iza hI hai, samartha hI hai| yahA~ Izvara-anIzvaravAda yA dvaitAdvaitavAda kI tArkika mImAMsA nahIM hai| yahA~ to cetana tatva kI vyApti kI bAta hai vaha RSi kahate haiM ki yadi samasta vizva meM

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120 : bha0 mahAvIra kI maMgala virAsata 1 cetanatatva ho to sAdhaka kA dharma yaha hai ki vaha tyAga karake hI bhoga kare / maiM to yaha kahatA hUM ki vaisA sAdhaka tyAga karane ke bAda hI bhoga ke sukha kA Ananda prApta karatA hai / itanA hI nahIM, kintu use to tyAga meM hI bhoga kA sukha milatA hai / vaise sAdhaka ke lie tyAga sa e bhinna koI bhoga nahIM hotA / duniyAvI vyavahAra meM mAtA jaba saMtuti ke lie tyAga karatI hai, taba vaha usI meM upabhoga kA parama sukha prApta karatI hai / jabaki yahA~ to adhyAtma sAdhaka kI bAta ho rahI hai / vaha RSi antameM sabhI sAdhakoM ko eka bAta kI cetAvanI detA hai ki use kisI bhI vastu meM vRddhi arthAta lobha yA mamatA kA sevana na karanA caahie| kintu vaha mAtra jIvanavyavahAra kA vicAra kare / hama niHzaMkarUpa se dekha sakate haiM ki jo mAMgalika virAsata bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza se prApta hotI hai vahI upaniSadoM meM se bhI prApta hotI hai aura buddha yA vaise anya mahAn vIroM ne isake alAvA aura kyA kahA hai ? isa artha meM maiM upaniSad ke kartA dvArA prayukta bhUmA zabda kA prayoga karake yadi kahUM ki mahAvIra arthAt bhUmA aura vahI brahma hai to isase tanika bhI asaMgati nahIM hai / mahAvIra bhUmA the, mahAn the isIlie ve sukharUpa the, isIlie ve amRta the / kabhI unheM duHkha kA sparza ho nahIM sakatA aura kabhI unakI mRtyusambhava nhiiN| dukha yA mRtyu yaha to alpa kA hotA hai, saMkucita dRSTi kA hotA hai, pAmara kA hotA hai, vAsanA - vaddhakA hotA hai, jisakA sambandha kevala sthUla aura sUkSma zarIra ke sAtha hI saMbhava hai / jina mahAvIra ke viSaya meM maiM kahatA hUM ve to una donoM zarIra se pare hone ke kAraNa bhUmA haiM, alpa nahIM haiM / itihAsakAra jisa rIti se vicAra karate haiM usa rIti se vicAra karane para yaha prazna uThanA svabhAvika hai ki mahAvIra ne jisa maMgala virAsata ko dUsaroM ko diyA hai vaha svayaM unheM kahA~ se kisa prakAra prApta huI thI ? isakA uttara sarala hai / zAstra aura vyavahAra meM kahA jAtA hai ki bindu meM sindhu samA jAtA hai| sunane para to yaha viparIta vacana pratIta hotA hai / kintu yaha saca bAta hai / mahAvIra ke sthUla jIvana kA parimita kAla yaha to bhUtakAla ke mahAn samudra kA eka bindumAtra hai / bhUtakAla to bhUta hai / sat rUpa

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 121 se vaha vidyamAna nahIM rahatA / hamArI kalpanA meM bhI na Ave isa prakAra kI tIvra gati se vaha AtA aura calA jAtA hai / kintu usameM saMcita honevAle saMskAra naye-naye vartamAna ke bindu meM samAviSTa hote jAte haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane jIvana meM jisa AdhyAtmika virAsata ko prApta kiyA aura siddha kiyA vaha unake puruSArtha kA pariNAma hai yaha saca hai, kintu isake pIche ajJAta bhUtakAlIna vaisI virAsata kI satata paraMparA vidyamAna hai / koI use RSabha yA neminAtha yA pArzvanAtha Adi se prApta hone kA batA sakate haiM kintu maiM ise eka ardha satya ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra karatA hUM / bhagavAn mahAvIra se pahale mAnavajAti ne aise jina mahApuruSoM kI sRSTi kI thI, ve jisa kisI nAma se prasiddha hue hoM, athavA ajJAta rahe hoM, kintu una samagra AdhyAtamika puruSoM kI sAdhanA kI saMpatti mAnavajAti meM isa prakAra se uttarottara saMkrAnta hotI jAtI thI ki usake lie yaha kahanA ki yaha saba saMpati kisI eka ne siddha kI hai to yaha sirpha ekamAtra bhakti hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne aise hI AdhyAtmika kAlasrota meM se uparisUcita mAMgalika virAsata ko prApta kiyA hai aura apane puruSArtha ke bala se use jIvanta - sajIva banA kara, vizeSarUpa se vikasita karake, deza aura kAlAnusAra usako samRddha banAkara hamAre samakSa upasthita kiyA hai / maiM nahIM jAnatA ki unake bAda honevAle uttarakAlIna kitane vezadhArI satoM ne usa mAMgalika virAsata meM se kitanA prApta kiyA aura vikasita kiyA, kintu yaha to kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra usa bindu meM bhUtakAlIna mahAn samudra samAviSTa hai usI prakAra bhaviSya kA ananta samudra bhI usI bindu meM samAviSTa hai / ataeva bhaviSya kI dhArA usa bindu dvArA avazya Age bar3ha egI / jaba upaniSadoM meM 'tattvamasi' aisA kahA gayA taba usakA artha anya prakAra se yaha hai ki tuma arthAt jIvadazA prApta svayaM hI vahI zuddha paramAtmasvarUpa ho ho / yaha bhI zakti aura yogyatA kI dRSTi se bindu meM sindhu ke samAveza kA eka dRSTAnta hI hai / Upara sUcita caturtha prakAra kI virAsata ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI bauddha maGgalasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki 'etaM maGgalasuttamaM ' yaha eka

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122 : bha0 mahAvIra kI maMgala nirAsata uttama maGgala hai| isI ko Adi, madhya aura antima maGgala kahA gayA hai / jainasUtra ke 'cattAri maGgalaM' pATha meM jo cauthA maGgala (dharma) kahA gayA hai vaha yahI vastu hai / __ apane jIvanakAla meM hamane dekhA hai ki gAMdhI jI ne ukta virAsata meM se kitanA pAyA aura use kisa prakAra vikasita kiyA / Aja ke pavitra kSaNa meM hama aisI hI kisI mAMgalika bhAvanA ko lekara ghara jAyeM ki hama bhI aisI mAMgalika virAsata ke pAtra kaba bneN| I0 1950 ] [ anu-dalasukha mAlavaNiyA

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bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI virAsata [ eka aitihAsika adhyayana ] vartamAna jainaparaMparA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI virAsata hai / unake AcAra-vicAra kI chApa isameM aneka rUpa se prakaTa hotI hai, isa bAre meM to kisI aitihAsika ko sandeha thA hI nahIM / para mahAvIra kI AcAra-vicAra kI paramparA unakI nijI nirmita hai - jaise ki bauddhaparaMparA tathAgata buddha kI nijI nirmita hai - yA vaha pUrvavartI kisI tapasvI kI paraMparAgata virAsata hai ? isa viSaya meM pAzcAtya aitihAsika buddhi cupa na thI / jaina paraMparA ke lie zraddhA ke kAraNa jo bAta asandigdha thI usake ke viSaya meM vaijJAnika dRSTi se evaM aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karanevAle taTastha pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne sandeha prakaTa kiyA ki, pArzvanAtha Adi pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaroM ke astitva meM kyA koI aitihAsika pramANa hai ? isa prazna kA mAkUla javAba to denA cAhie thA jaina vidvAnoM ko, para ve vaisA kara na sake / Akhira DA0 yAkobI jaise pAzcAtya aitihAsika hI Age Aye aura unhoMne aitihAsika dRSTi se chAnabIna karake akATya pramANoM ke AdhAra para batalAyA ki, kama se kama pArzvanAtha to aitihAsika haiM hI / isa viSaya meM yAkobI mahAzaya ne jo pramANa 1. DA0 yAkobI : "That Parsva was a historical person, is. now admitted by all as very probable." -. Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLV, Introduction, pp. XXI-XXXIII

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124 : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI girAsata batalAye unameM jaina AgamoM ke atirikta bauddha piTaka kA bhI samAveza hotA hai| bauddha piTakagata ullekhoM se jaina Agamagata varNanoM kA mela biThAyA gayA taba aitihAsikoM ko pratIti dRr3hatara huI ki, mahAvIra ke pUrva pArzvanAtha hae haiN| jaina AgamoM meM pArzvanAtha ke pUrvavartI bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA varNana AtA hai| para usakA bahuta bar3A hissA mAtra paurANika hai| usameM aitihAsika pramANoM kI koI gati abhI to nahIM dikhtii| ___ yAkobI dvArA pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA sthApita hote hI vicAraka aura gaveSaka ko upalabdha jaina Agama aneka bAtoM ke lie aitihAsika dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva ke jAna par3e aura vaise loga isa dRSTi se bhI AgamoM kA adhyayana-vivecana karane lage / phalataH bhAratIya katipaya vicArakoM ne aura vizeSataH pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne upalabdha jaina Agama ke AdhAra para aneka vidha aitihAsika sAmagrI ikaTThI ko aura usakA yatra-tatra prakAzana bhI hone lagA / aba to dhIre-dhIre rUr3ha aura zraddhAlu jaina varga kA bhI dhyAna aitihAsika dRSTi se zrata kA adhyayana karane ko aura jAne lagA hai| yaha eka santoSa kI bAta hai| prastuta lekha meM usI aitihAsika dRSTi kA Azraya lekara vicAra karanA hai ki, bhagavAna mahAvIra ko jo AcAra-vicAra kI AdhyAtmika virAsata milI vaha kisa-kisa rUpa meM milI aura kisa paraparA se milI? isa prazna kA saMkSepa meM nizcita uttara dene ke bAda usakA kramazaH spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jaaygaa| uttara yaha hai ki, mahAvIra ko jo adhyAtmika virAsata milI hai vaha pArzvanAtha kI paraMparAgata dena hai / vaha virAsata mukhyatayA tIna prakAra kI hai-(1) saMgha, (2) AcAra aura (3) zru ta / yadyapi upalabdha AgamoM meM kaI Agama aise haiM ki jinameM kisI na kisI rUpa meM pArzvanAtha yA unakI paraMparA kA sUcana huA hai parantu isa lekha meM mukhyatayA pA~caH Agama jo ki isa viSaya meM 1. AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, bhagavatI aura uttraadhyyn|

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 125 adhika mahatva rakhate haiM aura jinameM aneka parAnI bAteM kisI na kisI prakAra se yathArtha rUpa meM surakSita raha gaI haiM, unakA upayoga kiyA jaaygaa| sAtha hI bauddha piTaka meM pAye jAnevAle saMvAdI ullekhoM kA tathA naI khoja karanevAloM dvArA upasthita kI gaI sAmagrI meM se upayogI aMza kA bhI upayoga kiyA jaaygaa| digaMbara-zvetAMbara donoM ke graMthoM meM varNita hai ki, pArzvanAtha kA janma kAzI-banArasa meM haA aura unakA nirvANa sammetazikhara vartamAna pArzvanAtha pahAr3a-para huaa| donoM ke caritraviSayaka sAhitya se itanA to nirvivAda mAlUma hotA hai ki, pArzvanAtha kA dharmapracAra-kSetra pUrva bhArata-khAsakara gaMgA ke uttara aura dakSiNa bhAga meM rahA / khuda pArzvanAtha kI vihAra bhUmi kI sImA kA nizcita nirdeza karanA abhI saMbhava nahIM, parantu unakI ziSyaparaMparA, jo pApityika kahalAtI hai, usake vihAra kSetra kI sImA jaina aura bauddha granthoM ke AdhAra para, aspaSTa rUpa meM bhI nirdiSTa kI jA sakatI hai| aMguttaranikAya nAmaka bauddha grantha meM batalAyA hai ki, vappa nAma kA zAkya nirgrantha zrAvaka thaa| isI mUla sutta kI aTThakathA meM vappa ko gautama buddha kA cAcA kahA hai| vappa buddha kA samakAlIna kapilavastu kA nivAsI eka zAkya thaa| kapilavastu nepAla kI tarAI meM hai| nIce kI ora rAva nadI-jo bauddha granthoM meM acirAvatI nAma se prasiddha hai, jo irAvato bho kahalAtI hai - usake taTa para zrAvastI nAmaka prasiddha zahara thA, jo Ajakala saheTamaheTa' kahalAtA hai| zrAvastI meM pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA kA eka nirgrantha kezI thA,jo mahAvIra ke mukhya ziSya gautama se milA thaa| usI kezI ne paesI nAmaka rAjA ko aura usake 1. eka samayaM bhagavA sakkesu viharati kapilavatthummiM / atha kho vappo sakko nigaNThasAvago i0 // -aMguttara nikAya, catuSkanipAta, vagga 5 / TheDictionary of Pali Proper Names. Vol II, P. 832. 2 zrI nandalAla De : The Geographical Dictionary ofAncient and Mediaeval India, p. 189. 3. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a0 23 /

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126 : bhagavAn pAjanAtha kI girAsata sArathI ko dharma prApta karAyA thA / jaina Agamagata seyaviyA hI bauddha piTakoM kI setavyA jAna par3atI hai, jo zrAvastI se dUra nhiiN| vaizAlI, jo mujaphpharapura jile kA Ajakala kA basADha' hai aura kSatriyakuNDa jo vAsukuNDa kahalAtA hai tathA vANijyagrAma jo baniyA kahalAtA hai, usameM bhI pAzrvApatyika maujada the, jabaki mahAvIra kA jIvanakAla AtA hai| mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA bhI pArvApatyika kahe gaye haiN| unake nAnA ceTaka tathA bar3e bhAI nadivardhana Adi pAzrvApatyika rahe hoM to Azcarya nahIM / gaMgA ke dakSiNa rAjagRhI thA, jo Ajakala kA rAjagira hai / usameM jaba mahAvIra dharmopadeza karate hue Ate haiM taba tU giyAnivAsI pArvA. patyika theroM ke bIca huI dharma carcA kI bAta gautama dvArA sunate haiM / tugiyA rAjagRha ke najadIka meM hI koI nagara honA cAhiye, jisakI pahacAna AcArya vijayakalyANasUri Adhunika tugI grAma se karAte haiN| bace-khuce Upara ke ati alpa varNanoM se bhI itanA to niSkarSa hama nirvivAd rUpa se nikAla sakate haiM ki mahAvIra ke bhramaNa aura dharmopadeza ke varNana meM pAye jAne vAle gaMgA ke uttara dakSiNa ke kaI gA~va-nagara pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke nigraMthoM ke bhI vihArakSetra evaM pracAra-kSetra rhe| isI se hama jaina AgamoM meM yatra-tatra yaha bhI pAte haiM ki, rAjagRhI Adi meM mahAvIrakI pAzrvApatyikoMse bheMTa huii| 1. rAyapaseNaiya (paM0 zrI becaradAsajI saMpAdita), pR0 330 aadi| 2. dekho uparyukta grantha, pR0 275 / 34, 5. draSTavya-vaizAlI abhinandana grantha, pR062; A. vijayakalyANasUri kRta zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra meM vihArasthalanAma-koSa; The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediae val India. 6. samaNassa NaM mahAvIrassa ammApiyaro pAsAvaccijja samaNovAsagA yAvi hotthA |-aacaaraaNg, 2, bhAvacUlikA 3, sUtra 401 / 7. bhagavatI, 2, 5 / 8. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, pR0 371 /

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 127 khuda buddha apanI buddhatva ke pahale kI tapacA aura caryA kA jo varNana karate haiM usake sAtha tatkAlIna nigraMtha AcAra' kA hama jaba milAna karate haiM, kapila vastu ke nigraMtha zrAvaka vappa zAkya kA nirdeza sAmane rakhate haiM tathA bauddha piTakoM meM pAye jAne vAle khAsa AcAra aura tatvajJAna sambandhI kucha pAribhASika zabda, jo kevala nigraMtha pravacana meM hI pAye jAte haiM-ina saba para vicAra karate haiM to 1. tulanA-dazavakAlika, a0 3, 5-1 aura majjhimanikAya, mahAsiMhanAdasutta / 2. puggala, Asava, saMvara, uposatha, sAvaka, ugAsaga ityAdi / "puggala" zabda bauddha piTaka meM pahale hI se jIva vyakti kA bodhaka rahA hai| (majjhimanikAya 114) / jainaparamparA meM vaha zabda sAmAnya rUpa se jar3a paramANuoM ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai| to bhI bhagavatI, dazAvaikAlika ke prAcIna staroM meM usakA bauddha piTaka svIkRta artha bhI surakSita rahA hai| ___bhagavatI ke 8-10-361 meM gautama ke prazna ke uttara ke mahAvIra ke mukha se kahalAyA hai ki, jIva "poggalI" bhI hai aura "poggala' bhii| isI taraha bhagavatI ke 20-2 meM jIvatatva ke abhivacana-paryArUpa se "pudgala" pada AyA hai / dazavaikAlika 5-173 meM "poggala" zabda "mAMsa" artha meM prayukta hai, jo jIvanadhArI ke zarIra se sambandha rakhatA hai dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki vaha zabda-bauddha zruta se bhinna kisI bhI prAcIna upalabdha zru ta meM dekhA nahIM jaataa| "Asava" aura "saMvara" ye donoM zabda paraspara viruddhArthaka haiN| Asava citta yA AtmA ke kleza kA bodhaka hai, jaba ki saMvara usake nivAraNa evaM nivAraNopAya kaa| ye donoM hale se jaina-Agama aura bauddha piTaka meM samAna artha hI prayukta dekhe jAte haiM (tatvArthAdhigama sUtra 6-1, 2, 8-1, 6-1; sthAnAMgasUtra 1 sthAna; samavAyAMgasUtra 5 samavAya; majjhimanikAya 2 / "uposatha" zabda gRhasthoM ke upabrata-vizeSa kA bodhaka hai, jo piTakoM meM AtA hai (dIghanikAya 26) / usokA eka rUpa posaha bho

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128 : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI virAsata aisA mAnane meM koI khAsa sandeha nahIM rahatA ki, buddha ne, bhale thor3e hI samaya ke liye hI, pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ko svIkAra kiyA thA adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzAmbI ne bhI apanI antima pustaka "pArzvanAthAcA caturyAma dharma" (pR0 14, 26) meM aisI hI mAnyatA sUcita kI hai| buddha mahAvIra se prathama paidA hue aura prathama hI nirvANa prApta kiyaa| buddha ne nigraMthoM ke tapaHpradhAna AcAroM kI avahelanA kI hai aura pUrva-pUrva guruoM ko caryA tathA tatvajJAna kA mArga chor3akara apane anubhava se eka naye viziSTa mArga kI sthApanA kI hai, gRhastha aura tyAgI saMgha kA nayA nirmANa kiyA hai| jaba ki mahAvIra ne aisA kucha nahIM kiyaa| mahAvIra kA pitRdharma pAzrvapatyika nigraMthoM kA hai| hai, jo AgamoM meM pahale se ho prayukta dekhA jAtA hai (uvAsagadasAo ) / "sAvaga" tathA "uvAsaga" ye donoM zabda kisI na kisI rUpa meM piTaka (doghanikAya 4) tathA AgamoM meM pahale se hI pracalita rahe haiN| yadyapi bauddha paramparA meM "sAvaga" kA artha hai "buddha ke sAkSAt bhikSa -ziSya" (majjhimanikAya 3), jaba ki jainaparamparA meM vaha "upAsaka' ko taraha gRhastha anuyAyI artha meM hI pracalita rahA hai| koI vyakti gRhasthAzrama kA tyAga kara bhikSa banatA hai taba usa meM eka vAkya rUr3ha hai, jo piTaka tathA Agama donoM meM pAyA jAtA hai vaha vAkya hai "agArasmA anagAriyaM pavvajanti" (mahAvagga), tathA "agArAo aNagAriyaM pavvaittae" (bhagavatI 11-12-431) / yahA~ kevala namUne ke taura para thor3e se zabdoM kI tulanA kI gayo hai,para isake vistAra ke lie aura bhI paryApta guMjAiza hai / Upara sUcita zabda aura artha kA sAdRzya khAsA purAnA hai| vaha akasmAt ho hI nahIM sakatA / ataeva isake mUla meM kahIM-na-kahIM jAkara ekatA khojanI hogI, jo saMbhavataH pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA kA hI saMketa karatI hai| 1. majjhimanikAya, mahAsiMhanAdasutta / 1 / 1 / 2.

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 126 unhoMne kahIM bhI una nigraMthoM ke maulika AcAra evaM tatvajJAna kI jarA bhI avahelanA nahIM kI hai; pratyuta nirgranthoM ke paramparAgata unhIM AcAra-vicAroM ko apanAkara apane jIvana ke dvArA unakA saMzodhana, parivardhana evaM pracAra kiyA hai / isase hameM mAnane ke lie bAdhya honA par3atA hai ki, mahAvIra pArzvanAtha kI paramparA meM hI dIkSita hue- phira bhale hI ve eka viziSTa netA bane / mahAvIra tatkAlIna pAravapityika paraMparA meM hI hue, isI kAraNa se unako pArzvanAtha ke paraMparAgata saMgha, pArzvanAtha ke paraMparAgata AcAravicAra tathA pArzvanAtha ke paraMparAgata zruta virAsata meM mile, jisakA samarthana nIce likhe pramANoM se hotA hai / saMgha bhagavatI 1-6-76 meM kAlAsavesI nAmaka pAravapityika kA varNana hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki, vaha kinhIM sthaviroM se milA aura usane sAmAyika, saMyama, pratyAkhyAna, kAyotsarga, viveka Adi sambandhI muddoM para prazna kiye / sthaviroM ne una praznoM kA jo javAba diyA, jisa paribhASA meM diyA aura kAlAsavesI ne jo prazna jisa paribhASA meM kiye haiM, isa para vicAra kareM to hama nizcita rUpa se kaha sakate haiM ki, ve prazna aura paribhASAyeM saba jaina paribhASA se hI sambaddha haiM / theroM ke uttara se kAlAsavesI kA samAdhAna hotA hai taba vaha mahAvIra dvArA navasaMzodhita paMcamahAvrata aura pratikramaNadharma ko svIkAra karatA hai / arthAt vaha mahAvIra ke saMgha kA eka sabhya banatA hai / bhagavatI 5-6 - 226 meM katipaya theroM kA varNana hai / ve rAjagRhI meM mahAvIra ke pAsa maryAdA ke sAtha jAte haiM, unase isa parimita loka meM ananta rAta-dina aura parimita rAta-dina ke bAre meM prazna pUchate haiM / mahAvIra pArzvanAtha kA havAlA dete hue javAba dete haiM, purisAdANIya pArzva ne loka kA svarUpa parimita hI kahA hai / phira ve apekSAbheda se rAta-dina kI ananta aura parimita saMkhyA kA khulAsA karate haiM | khulAsA sunakara theroM ko mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA

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130 : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI virAsata ke viSaya meM pratIti hotI hai, taba ve vandana-namaskArapUrvaka unakA ziSyatvA svIkAra karate haiM, arthAt paMca mahAvratoM aura sapratikramaNadharma ke aMgIkAra dvArA mahAgIra ke saMgha ke aMga banate haiN| bhagavatI -32-378, 376 meM gAMgeya nAmaka pAnApatyika kA varNana hai| vaha vANijyagrAma meM mahAvIra ke pAsa jAkara unase jInoM kI utpatti-cyuti Adi ke bAre meM prazna karatA hai / mahAvIra jabAba dete hue prathama hI kahate haiM ki, pUrisAdANIya pArvA ne loka kA svarUpa zAzta kahA hai| isI se maiM utpatti-cyUta Adi kA khulAsA amuka prakAra se karatA huuN| gAMgeya punaH prazna karatA hai ki, Apa jo kahate haiM vaha kisI se sunakara yA svayaM jAnakara ? mahAvIra ke mukha se yahA~ kahalAyA gayA hai ki, maiM kevalI hUM, svayaM hI jAnatA huuN| gAMgeya ko sarvajJatA kI pratIti haI, phira vaha cAturyAmika dharma se paMcamahAvrata svIkArane kI apanI icchA prakaTa karatA hai aura anta meM sapratikramaNa paMcamahAvata svIkAra karake mahAvIra ke saMgha kA aga banatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke nAlaMdIyA adhyayana (2-7-71, 72, 81) meM pAzrvApatyika udaka peDhAla kA varNana hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki, nAlaMdA ke eka zrAvaka lepa kI udakazAlA meM jaba gautama the taba unake pAsa vaha pArvApatyika AyA aura usane gautama se kaI prazna pUche / eka prazna yaha thA ki, tumhAre kumAra-putra Adi nirgrantha jaba gRhasthoM ko sthUla vrata svIkAra karAte haiM to kyA siddha nahIM hotA ki, niSiddha hiMsA ke sivAya anya hiMsaka pravRttiyoM meM sthUla vrata dene vAle nirgranthoM kI anumati hai ? amuka hiMsA na karo, aisI pratijJA karAne se yaha apane Apa phalita hotA hai ki, bAkI kI hiMsA meM hama anumata haiM / ityAdi praznoM kA javAba gautama ne vistAra se diyA hai| jaba udaka peDhAla ko pratIti huI ki gautama kA uttara sayuktika hai taba usane cAturyAmadharma se paMcamahAvrata svIkArane kI icchA prakaTa kii| phira gautama usako apane nAyaka jJAtaputra mahAvIra ke pAsa le jAte haiN| vahIM udaka peDhAla paMcamahAvrata sapratikramaNadharma kA aMgIkAra karake mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita hotA hai| gautama aura udaka peDhAla ke bIca huI vistRta carcA manoraMjaka hai|

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cAra -- . : 131 uttarAdhyayana ke 23veM adhyayana meM pAzrvApatyika nigratha kezI aura mahAvIra ke mukhya ziSya indrabhUti-donoM ke zrAvastI meM milane kI aura AcAra-vicAra ke kucha muddoM para saMvAda hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai| kezI pApityika prabhAvazAlI nirgrantha rUpa se nirdiSTa haiM; indrabhUti to mahAvIra ke pradhAna aura sAkSAt ziSya hI haiM / unake bIca kI carcA ke viSaya kaI haiM, para yahA~ prastuta do haiN| kezI gautama se pUchate haiM ki, pArzvanAtha ne cAra yAma kA upadeza diyA, jaba ki vardhamAna-mahAvIra ne pAMca yAma-mahAvrata kA, so kyoM ? isI taraha pArzvanAtha ne sacela-savastra dharma batalAyA, jabaki mahAvIra ne acela-avasana dharma, so kyoM ? isake javAba meM indrabhUti ne kahA ki, tattvadaSTi se cAra yAma aura pA~ca mahAvrata meM koI antara nahIM hai, kevala vartamAna yuga kI kama aura ulaTI samajha dekhakara hI mahAvIra ne vizeSa zuddhi kI dRSTi se cAra ke sthAna meM pA~ca mahAvrata kA upadeza kiyA hai aura mokSa kA vAstavika kAraNa to Antara jJAna, darzana aura zuddha cAritra hI hai, vastra kA honA, na honA yaha to lokadRSTi hai| indrabhUti ke mUlagAmI javAba ko yathArthatA dekhakara kezI paMcamahAvrata svIkAra karate haiM aura isa taraha mahAvIra ke saMgha ke eka aMga banate haiN| __Upara ke thor3e se utAre itanA samajhane ke liye paryApta haiM ki mahAvIra aura unake ziSya indrabhUti kA kaI sthAnoM meM pApityikoM se milana hotA hai| indrabhUti ke alAvA anya bhI mahAvIra-ziSya pApityikoM se milate haiN| milApa ke samaya Apasa meM carcA hotI hai| carcA mukhya rUpa se saMyama ke jUde-jUde aMga ke artha ke bAre meM evaM tattvajJAna ke kucha mantavyoM ke bAre meM hotI hai / mahAvIra javAba dete samaya pArzvanAtha ke mantavya kA AdhAra bhI lete haiM aura pArvanAtha ko "purisAdANIya" arthAt "puruSoM meM Adeya" jaisA sammAnasUcaka vizeSaNa dekara unake prati hArdika sammAna sUcita karate haiM aura pArva ke prati niSThA rakhane vAle unakI paramparA ke nirgranthoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa karate haiN| pAzrvApatyika bhI mahAvIra ko apanI parIkSA meM khare utare dekhakara unake saMgha meM dAkhila hote haiM; 1. uttarAdhyayana, a0 23, zloka 23-32 /

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132 : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI virAsata arthAt ve pArzvanAtha ke paramparA saMgha aura mahAvIra ke navasthApita saMgha - donoM ke saMdhAna meM eka kar3I banate haiM / isase yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki, mahAvIra ne jo saMgha racA usakI bhitti pArzvanAtha kI saMgha-paraMparA hai / yadyapi kaI pAvapityika mahAvIra ke saMgha meM praviSTa hue, to bhI kucha pAzvapatyika aise bhI dekhe jAte haiM, jinakA mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita honA nirdiSTa nahIM hai / isakA eka udAharaNa bhagavatI 2-5 meM yoM hai - tungIyA nAmaka nagara meM 500 pAvapityika zramaNa padhArate haiM / vahA~ ke tatvajJa zramaNopAsaka unase upadeza sunate haiM, pAvapityika sthavira unako cAra yAma Adi kA upadeza karate haiM / zrAvaka upadeza se prasanna hote haiM aura dharma meM sthira hote haiM / ke sthaviroM se saMyama, tapa Adi ke viSaya meM tathA usake phala ke viSaya meM prazna karate haiM / pAvapityika sthaviroM meM se kAliyaputta, mehila, Ananda rakkhiya aura kAsava ye cAra sthavira apanI-apanI dRSTi se javAba dete haiM / pAvapityika sthavira aura pAravapityika zramaNopAsaka ke bIca tungIyA meM hue isa praznottara kA hAla indrabhUti rAjagRhI meM sunate haiM aura phira mahAvIra se pUchate haiM ki- "kyA ye pAvapityika sthavira praznoM kA uttara dene meM samartha haiM ?" mahAvIra spaSTatayA kahate haiM ki -- " ve samartha haiM unhoMne jo javAba diyA vaha saca hai; maiM bhI vahI javAba detA / " isa saMvAdakathA meM aisA koI nirdeza nahIM ki, tungIyA vAle pAzvapatyika nirgrantha yA zramaNopAsaka mahAvIra ke saMgha meM praviSTa hue / yadi ve praviSTa hote to itane bar3e pAzrvApatyika saMgha ke mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita hone kI bAta samakAlIna yA uttarakAlIna AcArya zAyada hI bhUlate / / yahA~ eka bAta khAsa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki, pAravapityika zramaNa na to mahAvIra ke pAsa Aye haiM, na unake saMgha meM praviSTa hue haiM, phira bhI mahAvIra unake uttara ko saccAI aura kSamatA ko spaSTa svIkAra hI karate haiM / dUsarI bAta dhyAna dene yogya yaha hai ki, jo pAzrvApattrika mahAvIra ke saMgha meM Aye ve bhI mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA ke bAre meM

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 133 pUrI pratIti kara lene ke pazcAt hI unako vidhivat vandana-namaskAra - "tikkhuto AyAhiNaM payAhiNaM vandAmi " karate haiM; usake pahale to ve kevala unake pAsa ziSTatA ke sAtha Ate haiM - "adUra sAmaMte ThiccA" / pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA ke tyAgI aura gRhastha vyaktiyoM se sambandha rakhane vAlI, upalabdha AgamoM meM jo kucha sAmagrI hai, usako yogya rUpa meM saMkalita evaM vyavasthita karake pArzvanAtha ke mahAvIrakAlIna saMgha kA sArA citra paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNivA ne apane eka abhyAsapUrNa lekha meM, bIsa varSa pahale khIMcA hai, jo isa prasaMga meM khAsa draSTavya hai / yaha lekha 'jaina prakAza' ke 'utthAna- mahAvIrAMka' meM chapA hai / AcAra aba hama AcAra kI virAsata ke prazna para Ate haiM / pAvapatyika nirgranthoM kA AcAra bAhya Abhyantara do rUpa meM dekhane meM AtA hai / anagAratva, nirgranthatva, sacelA, zIta, Atapa Adi pariSaha-sahana, nAnA prakAra ke upavAsavrata aura bhikSAvidhi ke kaThora niyama ityAdi bAhya AcAra haiM / sAmAyika samatva yA samabhAva, paccakkhANa - tyAga, saMyama - indriyaniyamana, saMvara -- kaSAyanirodha, viveka -- aliptatA yA sadasadviveka, vyutsarga- mamatvatyAga, hiMsA asatya adattAdAna aura bahiddhAdANa se virati ityAdi Abhyantara AcAra meM sammilita haiM / pahale kahA jA cukA hai ki, buddha ne gRhatyAga ke bAda niya AcAroM kA bhI pAlana kiyA thA / buddha ne apane dvArA AcaraNa kiye gaye nirgratha AcAroM kA jo saMkSepa meM saMketa kiyA hai usakA pAravapityika nigraMthoM kI caryA ke upalabdha varNana ke sAtha milAna karate haiM evaM mahAvIra ke dvArA Acarita bAhya caryA ke sAtha milAna karate haiM to sandeha nahIM rahatA ki mahAvIra ko nigraMtha 1. dazavekAlika, a03, 5-1 aura majjhimanikAya, mahAsiMhnAdasutta / 2. AcArAMga, a0 6 /

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134 : bhAvAna pArzvanAtha kI virAsata yA anagAra dharma kI bAhya caryA pAzrvApatyika paraMparA se milI haibhale hI unhoMne usameM dezakAlAnusArI thor3A bahuta parivartana kiyA ho| Abhyantara AcAra bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vahI hai jo pArvApatyikoM meM pracalita thaa| kAlAsavesIputta jaise pArvApatyika Abhyantara caritra se saMbaddha pAribhASika zabdoM kA jaba artha pUchate haiM taba mahAvIra ke anyAyI sthavira vahI javAba dete haiM, jo pAzrvApatyika paraMparA meM bhI pracalita thaa| nigraMthoM ke bAhya-Abhyantara AcAra-cAritra ke pArvaparaMparA se virAsata meM milane para bhI mahAvIra ne usameM jo sudhAra kiyA hai vaha bhI AgamoM ke vizvasanIya prAcIna stara meM surakSita hai / pahale saMgha kI virAsatavAle varNana meM hamane sUcita kiyA hI hai ki, jinajina pAzrvApatyika nigraMthoM ne mahAvIra kA netRtva mAnA unhoMne sapratikramaNa pAMca mahAvrata svIkAra kiye| pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA meM cAra yAma the, isalie pArzvanAtha kA nigraMtha dharma cAturyAma kahalAtA thaa| isa bAta kA samarthana bauddha piTaka dIghanikAya ke sAmaJaphalasutta meM Aye hue nigraMtha ke "cAtu-yAma-saMvara-saMvuto" isa vizeSaNa se hotA hai| yadyapi usa sUtra meM jJAtaputra mahAvIra ke mukha se cAturyAmadharma kA varNana bauddha piTaka-saMgrAhakoM ne karAyA hai, para isa aMza meM ve bhrAnta jAna par3ate haiN| pAzrvApatyika paraMparA buddha ke samaya meM vidyamAna bhI thI aura usase buddha kA tathA unake kucha anuyAyiyoM kA paricaya bhI thA, isalie ve cAturyAma ke bAre meM hI jAnate the| cAturyAma ke sthAna meM pAMca yama yA pA~ca mahAvrata kA parivartana mahAvIra ne kiyA, jo pAzrvApatyikoM meM se hI eka the| yaha parivartana pAzrvApatyika paraMparA kI dRSTi se bhale hI vizeSa mahatva rakhatA ho, para nigraMtha-bhinna itara samakAlIna bauddha jaisI zramaNa paraMparAoM ke lie koI khAsa dhyAna dene yogya bAta na thii| jo parivartana kisI eka phirake kI Antarika vastu hotI hai usakI jAnakArI itara paraMparAoM meM bahudhA turanta nahIM hotii| buddha ke sAmane samartha pAzrvApatyika nigraMtha jJAtaputra mahAvIra hI rahe, isalie bauddhagrantha meM pAzrvApatyika paramparA kA cAturyAma dharma mahAvIra ke se kahalAyA jAya to yaha svAbhAvika hai| parantu isa varNana ke Upara se itanI bAta nirvivAda sAbita hotI hai ki, pAzrvApatyika nigraMtha

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 135 pahale cAturyAmadharma ke anuyAyI the aura mahAvIra ke sambandha se usa paraMparA meM paMca yama dAkhila hue; dUsarA sudhAra mahAvIra ne sapratikramaNa dharma dAkhila karake kiyA hai, jo eka nigraMtha paramparA kA AMtarika sudhAra hai| saMbhavataH isIliye bauddha granthoM meM isakA koI nirdeza nhiiN| bauddha granthoM meM pUraNakAzyapa dvArA karAye gaye nigraMtha ke varNana meM 'ekazATaka' vizeSaNa AtA hai; 'acela' vizeSaNa Ajovaka ke sAtha AtA hai| nigraMtha kA 'ekazATaka' vizeSaNa mukhyatayA pAzrvApatyika nigraMtha kI ora hI saMketa karatA hai| hama AcArAMga meM vaNita aura sabase adhika vizvasanIya mahAvIra ke jIvana-aMza se yaha to jAnate hI haiM ki mahAvIra ne gRhatyAga kiyA taba eka vastracela dhAraNa kiyA thaa| kramazaH unhoMne usakA hamezA ke vAste tyAga kiyA aura pUrNatayA acelatva svIkAra kiyaa| unakI yaha acelatva bhAvanA mUlagata rUpa se ho yA pAripAzvika paristhiti meM se grahaNa kara AtmasAt kI ho, yaha prazna yahA~ prastuta nahIM; prastuta itanA hI hai ki, .mahAvIra ne sacelatva meM se acelatva kI ora kadama bddh'aayaa| isa prakAza meM hama bauddhagranthoM meM Aye hue nigraMtha ke vizeSaNa "ekazATaka" kA tAtparya saralatA se nikAla sakate haiM / vaha yaha ki, pAzrvApatyika paraMparA meM nigraMtha ke lie maryAdita vastradhAraNa vajita na thA, java ki mahAvIra ne vastradhAraNa ke bAre meM anekAntadRSTi se kAma liyaa| unhoMne sacelatva aura acelatva donoM ko nigraMtha saMgha ke liye yathAzakti aura yathAruci sthAna diyaa| adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzAmbI ne bhI apane "pArzvanAthAcA cAturyAmadharma" 1. aMguttaranikAya chakkanipAta, 2-1 / 2. No cevimeNa vattheNa pihissAmi taMsi hemaMte / se pArae AvakahAe eyaM khu aNudhammiyaM tassa / / 2 / / saMvaccharaM sAhiyaM mAsaM jaM na rikkAsi vatthagaM bhagavaM / acelae tao cAi taM vosijja vatthamaNagAre // 4 // -AcArAMga, 1-1-1 /

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136 : bhagavAn pAnanAtha kI virAsata (pR0 20) meM aisA ho mata darzAyA hai| isI se hama uttarAdhyayana ke kezI-gautama-saMvAda meM acela aura sacela dharma ke bIca samanvaya pAte haiN| usameM khAsa taura se kahA gayA hai ki, mokSa ke liye to mukhya aura pAramArthika liMga-sAdhana jJAna-darzana-cAritrarUpa AdhyAtmika sampatti hI hai / acelatva yA sacelatva yaha to laukika-bAhya liMgamAtra hai, pAramArthika nhiiN| isa tAtparya kA samarthana bhagavatI Adi meM vaNita pAzrvApatyikoM ke parivartana se spaSTa hotA hai| mahAvIra ke saMgha meM dAkhila hone vAle kisI bhI pArvApatyika nigraMtha ke parivartana ke bAre meM yaha ulle va nahIM hai ki, usane sacelatva ke sthAna meM acelatva svIkAra kiyA; jaba ki una sabhI parivartana karanevAle nigraMthoM ke liye nizcita rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki unhoMne cAra yAma ke sthAna meM pA~ca mahAvata aura pratikapaNadharma svIkAra kiyaa| mahAvIra ke vyaktitva, unako AdhyAtmika dRSTi aura anekAntavRtti ko dekhate huye Upara varNana kI huI sAro ghaTanA kA mela susaMgata baiTha jAtA hai| mahAvata aura pratikramaNa kA sudhAra, yaha antaHzuddhi kA sudhAra hai isaliye mahAvIra ne usa para pUrA bhAra diyA, jabaki svayaM svIkAra kiye hue acelatva para ekAnta bhAra nahIM diyaa| unhoMne socA hogA ki, Akhira acelatva yA sacelatva, yaha koI jIvana-zuddhi ko antima kasauTI nahIM hai| isIliye unake nigraMthasaMgha meM sacela aura acela donoM nigraMtha apanI-apanI ruci evaM zakti kA vicAra karake ImAnadArI ke sAtha paraspara udAra bhAva se rahe hoNge| uttarAdhyayana kA vaha saMvAda usa samaya kI sUcanA detA hai, jaba ki kabhI nigraMthoM ke bIca sacelatva aura acelatva ke bAre meM sArAsAra ke tAratamgha kI vicAraNA calI hogii| para usa samanvaya ke mUla meM anekAnta dRSTi kA jo yathArtha prANa spandita hotA hai vaha mahAvIra ke vicAra kI dena hai / parvApatyika paramparA meM jo cAra yAma the unake nAma sthAnAMgasUtra meM yoM Ate haiM; (1) sarvaprANAtipAta-, (2) sarzamRSAvAda-,

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 137 (3) sanaadattAdAna-aura (4) sargabahiddhAdANa-se viramaNa / inameM se "bahiddhAdANa" kA artha jAnanA yahA~ prApta hai| navAMgITIkAkAra abhayadeva ne 'bahiddhAdANa" zabda kA artha "parigraha" sUcita kiyA hai / "parigraha se virati" yaha pAzrvApatyikoM kA cauthA yAma thA, jisameM abrahma kA varjana avazya abhipreta thaa| para jaba manuSyasulabha durbalatA ke kAraNa abrahmaviramaNa meM zithilatA AI aura parigraha virati ke artha meM spaSTatA karane kI jarUrata mAlUma huI taba mahAvIra ne abrahma viramaNa ko parigrahaviramaNa se alaga svatantra yama rUpa meM svIkAra karake pAMca mahAvratoM kI bhISmapratijJA nigraMthoM ke lie rakkhI aura svayaM usa pratijJA-pAlana ke purasphartA hue| itanA hI nahIM balki kSaNa-kSaNa ke jIvanakrama meM badalanevAlI manovattiyoM ke kAraNa honevAle mAnasika, vAcika, kAyika doSa bhI mahAvIra ko nirgrantha jIvana ke lie atyanta akharane lage, isase unhoMne nigraMthajIvana meM satata jAgRti rakhane kI dRSTi se pratikramaNa dharma ko niyata sthAna diyA, jisase ki pratyeka nigraMtha sAyaM-prAtaH apane jIvana kI truTiyoM kA nirIkSaNa kare aura lage doSoM kI AlocanApUrvaka AyaMdA doSoM se bacane ke lie zuddha saMkalpa ko dRr3ha kare / mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA aura unake upadezoM se yaha bhalIbhA~ti jAna par3atA hai ki, unhoMne svIkRta pratijJA kI zuddhi aura antarjAgRti para jitanA bhAra diyA hai utanA anya cIjoM para nahIM / yahI kAraNa hai ki tatkAlIna aneka pAzrvApatyikoM ke rahate hue bhI unhIM meM se 1. majjhimagA bAvIsaM arahaMtA bhagavaMtA cAujjAmaM dhamma paNNa veti taM0 - savvAto pANAtivAyAo veramaNaM, evaMmusAvAyAo veramaNaM, savvAto adinAdANAo veramaNaM, savvAo bahiddhAdANAo veramaNaM 1|-sthaanaaNg, sUtra 266, patra 201 a|| "bahiddhAdANAo" tti bahiddhA-maithunaM pahigrahavizeSaH AdAnaM ca parigrahastayordvandvaikatvamathavA AdIyata ityAdAnaM parigrAhya vastu tacca dharmopakaraNamapi bhavatItyata Aha-bahistAt-dharmopakaraNAd bahiryaditi / iha ca maithunaM parigrahe'ntarbhavati, na hyaparigRhItA yoSit bhujyata iti / -sthAnAMga, 266 sUtravRtti, patra 201 ba / ...

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138 : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI virAsata eka jJAtaputra mahAvIra hI nigraMtha saMgha ke aguvA rUpa se yA tIrthakara rUpa se mAne jAne lge| mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM jitanA bhAra kaSAyavijaya para hai--jo ki nigraMthajIvana kA mukhya sAdhya hai-utanA bhAra anya kisI viSaya para nahIM hai| unake isa kaThora prayatna ke kAraNa hI cAra yAma kA nAma smRtizeSa bana gayA va pA~ca mahAvrata saMyamadharma ke jIvita aMga bane / mahAvIra ke dvArA paMca mahAvrata-dharma ke naye sudhAra ke bAre meM to zvetAmbara-digambara ekamata haiM, para pA~ca mahAvrata se kyA abhipreta hai, isa bAre meM vicArabheda avazya hai| digaMbarAcArya vaTTakera kA "mUlAcAra" nAmaka eka grantha hai-jo saMgrahAtmaka hai-usameM unhoMne pA~ca mahAvrata kA artha pA~ca yama na batalAkara kevala jaina paraMparAparicita pA~ca cAritra batalAyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki, mahAvIra ke pahale mAtra sAmAyika ke hI vistAra rUpa se anya cAra cAritra batalAye, jisase mahAvIra paMca mahAvrata dharma ke upadezaka mAne jAte haiM / AcArya baTTakera kI taraha pUjyapAda, akalaMka, AzAdhara Adi lagabhaga sabhI digaMbarAcArya aura digambara vidvAnoM kA vaha eka hI abhiprAya hai| niHsandeha zvetAMbara-paraMparA ke paMca mahAvratadharma ke khulAse se digaMbaraparaMparA kA tatsaMbaMdhI khulAsA judA par3atA hai / bhadrabAhukartRka mAnI jAnevAlI niyukti meM bhI chedopasthApanA cAritra ko dAkhila karake pAMca cAritra mahAvIrazAsana meM pracalita kiye jAne kI kathA nirdiSTa hai, para yaha kathA kevala cAritra-pariNAma kI tIvratA, tIvrataratA aura tIvratamatA ke tAratamya para evaM bhinna-bhinna dIkSita vyakti ke adhikAra para prakAza DAlatI hai, na ki samagra nigraMthoM ke liye avazya svIkArya paMca mahAvratoM ke Upara / jabaki mahAvIra kA paMca mahAvratadharma-viSayaka sudhAra nigraMtha dIkSA lenevAle sabhI ke lie ekasA rahA, aisA bhagavatI Adi granthoM se tathA bauddha piTaka nirdiSTa 'cAtumi-saMvara-saMbuto isa vizeSaNa se phalita hotA hai| isake samarthana meM 1. dekho-paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra kRta jainAcAryoM kA zAsana bheda, pariziSTa 'k'| 2. "cAtu-yAma-saMvara-saMvuto" isa vizeSaNa ke bAda "savva-vAri vArito" ityAdi vizeSaNa jJAtaputra mahAvIra ke lie Ate haiN|

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 13e. pratikramaNadharma kA udAharaNa paryApta hai / mahAvIra ne pratikramaNadharma bhI sabhI nirgrathoM ke lie samAna rUpa se anuzAsita kiyaa| isa prakAza meM paMca mahAvratadharma kA anuzAsana bhI sabhI nirgrathoM ke liye rahA ho, yahI mAnanA par3atA hai / mUlAcAra Adi digaMbara paraMparA meM jo vicArabheda surakSita hai vaha sAdhAra avazya hai, kyoMki zvetAMbarIya sabhI grantha chedopasthAna sahita pAMca caritra kA praveza mahAvIra ke zAsana meM batalAte haiM / pA~ca mahAvrata aura pA~ca cAritra ye eka nahIM / donoM meM pA~ca kI saMkhyA samAna hone se mUlAcAra Adi graMthoM eka vicAra surakSita rahA to zvetAMbara graMthoM meM dUsarA bhI vicAra surakSita hai / kucha bhI ho, donoM paraMparAyeM paMca mahAvratadharma ke sudhAra ke bAre meM eka-sI sammata haiM / meM vastutaH pA~ca mahAvrata yaha pAravapityika cAturyAma kA spaSTIkaraNa hI hai / isase yaha kahane meM koI bAdhA nahIM ki, mahAvIra ko saMyama yA cAritra kI virAsata bhI pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se milI hai / hama yogaparaMparA ke ATha yogAMga se paricita haiM / unameM se prathama aMga yama hai / pAtaMjala yogazAstra ( 2 - 30, 31) meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye pA~ca yama ginAye haiM; sAtha hI -- inameM se " savva - pArivArito" kA artha aTThakathA ke anusAra zrI rAhula jI Adi ne kiyA hai ki - "nigaNTha (nigraMtha) jala ke vyavahAra kA vAraNa karatA hai (jisase jala ke jIva na mAre jAveM / " ( dIghanikAya, hindI anuvAda, pR0 21) para yaha artha bhramapUrNa hai / jalabodhaka " vAri" zabda hone se tathA nirgrantha sacitta jala kA upayoga nahIM karate, isa vastusthiti ke darzana se mrama huA jAna par3anA hai / vastutaH " savva-vAri-vAritA" kA artha yahI hai ki saba arthAt hiMsA Adi cAroM pApakarma ke vAri arthAt vAraNa yAne niSedha ke kAraNa vArita arthAt virata; yAne hiMsA Adi saba pApakarmoM ke nivAraNa ke kAraNa una doSoM se virata / yahI arthaM agale "savva-vAri-yuto", sabtra-vAri-dhuto" ityAdi vizeSaNa meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / vastutaH sabhI vizeSaNa eka hI artha ko bhinna-bhinna bhaMgI se darasAte haiM /

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140 : bhagavAn pAzvAnatha kI virAsata inhIM pA~ca yamoM ko mahAvrata bhI kahA hai-jabaki ve pA~ca yama paripUrNa yA jAti-deza-kAla-samayAnavacchinna hoN| merA khyAla hai ki, mahAvIra dvArA pA~ca yamoM para atyanta bhAra dene evaM unako mahAvrata ke rUpa se mAna lene ke kAraNa hI 'mahAvrata' zabda pA~ca yamoM ke liye vizeSa prasiddhi meM aayaa| Aja to yama yA yAma zabda purAne jainazruta meM bauddha piTakoM meM aura upalabdha yogasUtra meM mukhyatayA surakSita hai / 'yama' zabda kA utanA pracAra aba nahIM hai, jitanA pracAra 'mahAvrata' zabda kaa| jaba cAra yAma meM se mahAvIra ke pAMca mahAvrata aura buddha ke pA~ca zIla ke vikAsa para vicAra karate haiM taba kahanA par3atA hai ki, pArzvanAtha ke cAra yAma kI paraMparA kA jJAtaputra ne apanI dRSTi ke anusAra aura zAkyaputra ne apanI dRSTi ke anusAra vikAsa kiyA hai', jo abhI jaina aura bauddha paraMparA meM virAsatarUpa se vidyamAna hai| zruta___ aba hama antima virAsata--zrutasampatti-para Ate haiN| zvetAM bara-digambara donoM ke vAGamaya meM jaina zrata kA dvAdazAMgI rUpa se nirdeza hai| AcArAMga Adi gyAraha aMga aura bArahaveM dRSTivAda aMga kA eka bhAga caudaha pUrva, ye vizeSa prasiddha haiN| AgamoM ke prAcIna samajhe jAne vAle bhAgoM meM jahA~ kisI ke anagAra dharma svIkAra karane kI kathA hai vahA~ yA to aisA kahA gayA hai ki vaha 1. adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzAmbI ne anta meM jo 'pArzvanAthacA cAturyAma dharma' nAmaka pustaka likhI hai usakA mukhya uddezya hI yaha hai ki, zAkyaputra ne pArzvanAtha kecAturyAmadharma kI paraMparA kA vikAsa kisa-kisa taraha se kiyA, yaha btlaanaa| 2. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), khaNDa 1, pR0 6 : bAraha aMga gijjhA / samavAyAMga, patra 106, sUtra 136 : duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage / nandIsUtra (vijayadAnasUri saMzodhita) patra 64 : aMgapaviTTha duvAlasavihaM paNNatta /

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 141 sAmayika Adi gyAraha aMga par3hatA hai yA vaha caturdaza pUrva par3hatA hai| hameM ina ullekhoM ke Upara se vicAra yaha karanA hai ki, mahAvIra ke pUrva pArzvanAtha yA unakI paraMparA kI zruta-sampatti kyA thI ? aura isameM se mahAvIra ko virAsata milI yA nahIM ? evaM milI to kisa rUpa meM ? zAstroM meM yaha to spaSTa hI kahA gayA hai ki, AcArAMga Adi gyAraha aMgoM kI racanA mahAvIra ke anugAmI gaNadharoM ne kii| yadyapi nandIsUtra kI purAnI vyAkhyA-cUrNi-jo vikrama kI AThavIM sadI se arvAcIna nahIM-usameM 'pUrva' zabda kA artha batalAte huye kahA gayA hai ki, mahAvIra ne prathama upadeza diyA isaliye 'pUrva' kahalAye, isI taraha vikrama kI nauvIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha AcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA meM 'pUrvagata' kA artha batalAte hue kahA ki jo pUrvo ko prApta ho yA jo pUrva svarUpa prApta ho vaha 'pUrvagata'; parantu cUrNikAra evaM uttarakAlIna vIrasena, haribhadra, malayagiri Adi vyAkhyAkAroM kA vaha kathana pUrva aura kevala 'pUrvagata' zabda kA artha ghaTana karane ke abhiprAya se huA jAna par3atA hai| jaba bhagavatI meM kaI jagaha mahAvIra ke mukha se yaha kahalAyA gayA hai ki, amuka vastu puruSAdAnIya 1. gyAraha aMga par3hane kA ullekha-bhagavatI 11-1-4-18, 16 5, pR0 76; jJAtA dharmakathA, a0 12 / caudaha pUrva par3hane kA ullekha-bhagavatI 11-11-432, 17-2-617; jJAtA dharmakathA, a0 5 / jJAtA0 a0 16 meM pAMDavoM ke caudaha pUrva par3hane kA va dropadI ke gyAraha aMga par3hane kA ullekha hai| isI taraha jJAtA0 2-1 meM kAlI sAdhvI bana kara gyAraha aMga par3hatI hai, aisA varNana hai| 2-3. jamhA titthakaro titthapavattaNakAle gaNadharANa savvasuttAdhAra taNato puvvaM puvvagatasuttatthaM bhAsati tumhA puvvaM ti bhaNitA, gaNadharA puNa sutarayaNaM karentA AyArAikameNa eeMti Tharveti ya / -nandIsUtra (vijayadAnasUrisaMzodhita) cUNi, pR0 111 a / 4. puvvANaM gayaM patta-puvyasarUvaM vA puvvagayamidi gaNaNAma / -SaTkhaMDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), pustaka 1, pR0 114 /

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142 : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI virAsata pArzvanAtha ne vahI kahI hai jisako maiM bhI kahatA hU~, aura jaba hama sAre zvetAMbara-digaMbara zruta dvArA yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki, mahAvIra kA tattvajJAna vahI hai jo pAvapisyika paraMparA se calA AtA hai, taba hameM 'pUrva' zabda kA artha samajhane meM koI dikkata nahIM aatii| pUrva zruta kA artha spaSTataH yahI hai ki, jo zruta mahAvIra ke pUrva se pAzrvApatyika paramparA dvArA calA AtA thA aura jo kisI na kisI rUpa meM mahAvIra ko prApta huaa| pro0 yAkobI Adi kA bhI aisA hI mata hai| jaina zruta ke mukhya viSaya navatattva, paMca astikAya. AtmA aura karma kA sambandha, usake kAraNa, usakI nivRtti ke upAya, karma kA svarUpa ityAdi haiN| inhIM viSayoM ko mahAvIra aura unake ziSyoM ne saMkSepa se vistAra aura vistAra se saMkSepa kara bhale hI kahA ho, para ve saba viSaya pApityika paraMparA ke pUrvavartI zruta meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM nirUpita the, isa viSaya meM koI sandeha nhiiN| eka bhI sthAna meM mahAvIra yA unake ziSyoM meM se kisI ne aisA nahIM kahA ki, jo mahAvIra kA zruta hai vaha apUrva arthAt navotpanna hai| caudaha pUrva ke viSayoM kI evaM unake bheda prabhedoM kI jo TUTI-phUTI yAdI nandIsUtra meM tathA dhavalA meM milatI hai usakA AcArAMga Adi gyAraha aMgoM meM tathA anya upAMga Adi zAstroM meM pratipAdita viSayoM ke sAtha milAna karate haiM to, isameM sandeha hI nahIM rahatA ki, jaina paraMparA ke AcAra-vicAra viSayaka mukhya muddoM kI carcA, pAzrvApatyika paraMparA ke pUrvazruta aura mahAvIra kI paraMparA ke aMgopAMga zruta meM samAna hI hai| isase maiM abhI taka nimnalikhita niSkarSa para AyA haM :-- (1) pArzvanAthIya paraMparA kA pUrvazruta mahAvIra ko kisI-na1. DA yAkobI The name (pUrva) itself testifies to the fact that the Purvas were superseded by a new canon, for Purva means former, earlier -Sacred Books of the East, Vol XXII Introduction P. XLIV, 2. nandIsUtra, patra 106 a se / 3. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA), pustaka 1, pR0 114 se|

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 143 kisI rUpa meM prApta huaa| usI meM pratipAdita viSayoM para hI unhoMne apanI prakRti ke anusAra AcArAMga Adi granthoM kI jude jude hAthoM se racanA hii| (2) mahAvIrazAsita saMgha meM pUrvazruta aura AcArAMga Adi zruta-donoM kI bar3I pratiSThA rhii| phira bhI pUrvazruta kI mahimA adhika hI kI jAtI rahI hai| isI se hama digambara-zvetAMbara donoM paraMparA ke sAhitya meM AcAryoM kA aisA prayatna pAte haiM jisameM ve apane apane karma viSayaka tathA jJAna Adi viSayaka itara purAtana granthoM kA sambandha usa viSaya ke pUrvanAmaka grantha se jor3ate haiM, itanA hI nahIM para donoM paraMparA meM pUrvazrata kA kramika hrAsa lagabhaga ekasA varNita hone para bhI kamoveza pramANa meM pUrvajJAna ko dhAraNa karane vAle AcAryoM ke prati vizeSa bahumAna darasAyA gayA hai| donoM paraMparA ke varNana se itanA nizcita mAlUma par3atA hai ki, sArI nigraMtha paraMparA apane vartamAna zru ta kA mUla pUrva meM mAnatI AI hai / (3) pUrvazruta meM jisa jisa deza-kAla kA evaM jina-jina vyaktiyoM ke jIvana kA pratibimba thA usase AcArAMga Adi aMgoM meM bhinna dezakAla evaM bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM ke jIvana kA pratibimba par3A yaha svAbhAvika hai; phira bhI AcAra evaM tattvajJAna ke mukhya muddoM ke svarUpa meM donoM meM koI khAsa antara nahIM pdd'aa| upasaMhAra___mahAvIra ke jIvana tathA dharmazAsana se sambaddha aneka prazna aise haiM, jinakI gaveSaNA Avazyaka hai| jaise ki AjIvaka paraMparA se mahAvIra kA sambandha tathA itara samakAlIna tApasa, parivrAjaka aura bauddha Adi paraMparAoM se unakA sambandha-aise sambandha jinhoMne mahAvIra ke pravRtti kSetra para kucha asara DAlA ho yA mahAvIra kI dharma pravRtti ne una paraMparAoM para kucha-na-kucha asara DAlA ho| ____ isI taraha pArzvanAtha kI jo paraMparA mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita hone se taTastha rahI usakA astitva kaba taka, kisa kisa rUpa meM aura kahA~ kahA~ rahA arthAt usakA bhAvI kyA huA-yaha prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai| khAravela, jo adyatana saMzodhana ke anusAra jaina

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144 : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI virAsata paraMparA kA anugAmI samajhA jAtA hai, usakA digambara yA zvetAMbara zruta meM kahIM bhI nirdeza nahIM isakA kyA kAraNa ? kyA mahAvIra kI paraMparA meM sammilita nahIM hue aise pAzvapatyikoM kI paraMparA ke sAtha to usakA sambandha rahA na ho ? ityAdi prazna bhI vicAraNIya haiM / pro0 yAkobI ne kalpasUtra kI prastAvanA meM gautama aura baudhAyana dharmasUtra ke sAtha nigraMthoM ke vrata-upavrata kI tulanA karate hue sUcita kiyA hai ki, nirgrathoM ke sAmane vaidika saMnyAsI dharma kA Adarza rahA hai ityAdi / parantu isa prazna ko bhI aba naye dRSTikoNa se vicAranA hogA ki, vaidika paraMparA, jo mUla meM ekamAtra gRhasthA - zrama pradhAna rahI jAna par3atI hai, usameM saMnyAsa dharma kA praveza kaba kaise aura kina baloM se huA aura anta meM vaha saMnyAsa dharma vaidika paraMparA kA eka Avazyaka aMga kaise bana gayA ? isa prazna kI mImAMsA se mahAvora pUrvavartI nigraMtha paraMparA aura parivrAjaka paraMparA ke sambandha para bahuta kucha prakAza par3a sakatA hai / parantu una saba praznoM ko bhAvI vicArakoM para chor3akara prastuta lekha meM mAtra pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke dhArmika saMbandha kA hI saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA hai /

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pariziSTa teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM pAsAvaccijje kAlAsavesiyaputte NAmaM aNagAre jeNeva therA bhagavaMto teNeva uvAcchati 2 tA there bhagavaMte evaM vayAsI-therA sAmAiyaM Na jANaMti therA sAmAiyassa aTTha Na yANaMti therA paccakkhANaM Na yANaMti therA paccakkhANassa aLaM Na yANati, therA saMjamaM Na yANaMti therA saMjamassa aThaM Na yANaMti, therA saMvaraM Na yANaMti therA saMvarassa aTTha Na yANaMti, therA vivegaM Na yANaMti therA vivegassa aTTha Na yANaMti, therA viussaggaM Na yANaMti therA viussaggassa aTTha Na yANaMti 6 / tae NaM te therA bhagavaMto kAlAsavesiyaputtaM aNagAraM evaM vayAsI-jANAmo NaM ajjo! sAmAiyaM jANAmo NaM ajjo ! sAmAiyassa aTTha jAva jANAmo NaM ajjo ! viussagassa atttth| tae NaM se kAlAsavesiyaputte aNagAre there bhagavaMte evaM vayAsI-jati NaM ajjo ! tabme jANaha sAmAiyaM jANaha sAmAiyassa aTThe jAva jANaha viussaggassa aLaM, ke bhe ajjo! sAmAie ke bhe ajjo sAmAiyassa aTThe jAva ke bhe viussagassa aTThe ? tae NaM te therA bhagavaMto kAlAsavesiyaputtaM aNagAraM evaM vayAsI-AyA Ne ajjo ! sAmAie AyA Na ajjo! sAmAiyassa aTThe jAva viussaggassa ache / ettha NaM se kAlAsavesiyaputte aNagAre saMbuddha there bhagavaMte vaMdati NamaMsati 2 ttA evaM vayAso-eesi NaM bhaMte ! payANaM puvvi aNNANayAe asavaNayAe abohiyAe... No roie iyANi bhaMte ! etesi payANaM jANayAe... roemi evameyaM se jaheyaM tubme vadaha, tae NaM se kAlAsavesiyaputte aNagAre there bhagavaMte vaMdai namasai, vaMdittA namaMsittA cAujjAmAo dhammAo paMcamahavvaiyaM sapaDikkamaNaM dhamma uvasaMpajjittA NaM viharai / vyAkhyAprajJapti 1 zataka 6 uddeza / sU0 76

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146 : pariziSTa teNaM kAleNaM 2 pAsAvaccijjA therA bhagavaMto jeNeva samaNe bhagavA mahAvIre teNeva uvAgacchati 2 samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa adUrasAmate ThiccA evaM vadAsI se nUNaM bhate ! asaMkhejje loe aNaMtA rAtidiyA upajjisu vA uppajjati vA uppajjissaMti vA vigacchisu, vA vigacchaMti vA vigacchissaMti vA parittA rAtidiyA upajjisu vA 3 vicchisu vA 3 ? haMtA ajjo ! asaMkhejje loe aNatA rAtidiyA taM cev| se keNaTheNaM jAva vigacchissaMti vA ? se nUNaM bhaMte ajjo pAseNaM arahayA purisAdANIeNaM sAsae loe vuie... je lokkai se loe ? haMtA bhagavaM !, se teNaTheNaM ajjo ! evaM vuccai asaMkhejje taM ceva / tappabhitiM ca NaM te pAsAvaccejjA therA. bhagavaMto samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM paccabhijANaMti savvannU savvadarisI tae NaM te therA bhagavaMto samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM vaMdaMti namasaMti 2,. evaM vadAsi-icchAmi NaM bhaMte ! tubme aMtie cAujjAmAo dhammAo paMcamahavvaiyaM sappaDikkamaNaM dhamma uvasaMpajjittA NaM viharittae / ahAsuhaM devANuppiyA ! mA paDibaMdha kareha / vyAkhyAprajJapti 5 zataka 6 uddeza / sU0 227. teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM vANiyagAme nagare hotthA / ... teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM pAsAccijje gaMgee nAma aNagAre jeNeva samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre teNeva uvAgacchai, teNeva uvAgacchaittA samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa adUrasAmaMte ThiccA samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM evaM vayAsI-saMtaraM bhaMte ! neraiyA uvavajjati nirantaraM neraiyA uvavajjati ? gaMgeyA ! saMtaraM pi neraiyA uvavajjati niraMtaraM pi neraiyA uvvjjti| (sU0 371). se keNaTheNaM bhaMte ! evaM vuccai sato neraiyA uvavajjati no asato neraiyA uvavajjati jAva sao vemANiyA cayaMti no asao vemANiyA cayaMti ? se nUNaM bhaMte ! gaMgeyA! pAseNaM arahayA purisAdANIeNaM sAsae loe buie......| sayaM bhaMte ! evaM jANaha udAhu asayaM asoccA ete evaM jANaha udAhu soccA sato neraiyA uvavajjati no asato neraiyA uvvjjti......| gaMgeyA ! sayaM ete evaM jaNAmi no asayaM, (sU0 378)

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 147 tappabhiI ca NaM se gaMgeye aNagAre samaNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM paccabhijANai savvannU svvdrisii| icchAmi NaM maMte ! tujhaM aMtiyaM cAujjAmAo dhammao paMcamahavvaiyaM vyAkhyAprajJapti 6 zataka 32 uddeza / sU0 376 teNaM kAleNaM 2 tugiyA nAma nagarI hotthA (sU0 107) teNaM kAleNaM 2 pAsAvaccijjA therA bhagavaMto jAtisaMpannA...... viharaMti // (sUtra 108) tae NaM te therA bhagavaMto tesiM samaNovAsayANaM tIse ya mahatimahAliyAe cAujjAmaM dhamma parikaheMti..... tae NaM te samaNovAsayA there bhagavaMte evaM vadAso-jati NaM bhaMte ! saMjame aNaNhayaphale tave vodANaphale kiM pattiyaM NaM bhaMte ! devA devaloesu uvavajjati ? tattha NaM kAliyaputte nAma there te samaNovAsae evaM vadAsI-puvvataveNaM ajjo ! devA devaloesu uvavajjati / tattha NaM mehile nAma there te samaNovAsae evaM vadAsI-puvvasaMjameNaM ajjo ! devA devaloesu uvavajjati / tattha Na ANaMdarakkhie NAma there te samaNovAsae evaM vadAsI-kammiyAe ajjo ! devA devaloesa uvavajjati / tattha NaM kAsave NAma there te samaNovAsae evaM vadAsI-saMgiyAe ajjo? devA devaloesu uvavajjati / sacce NaM esa aTTha no ceva NaM aaybhaavvttvvyaae| tae NaM te samaNovAsayA therehiM bhagavaMtehiM imAI eyArUvAI vAgaraNAI vAgariyA samANA haTTatuTThA there bhagavate vadaMti namasaMti... ( sU0 110 ) tae NaM se bhagavaM goyame rAyagihe nagare jAva aDamANe bahujaNasadda nisAmei-evaM khalu devANuppiyA ! tugiyAe nagarIe bahiyA pupphavatIe ceie pAsAvaccijjA therA bhagavaMto samaNovAsaehiM imAiM eyAkhvAiM vAgaraNAI pucchiyA-saMjame NaM bhaMte ! kiMphale ? tave NaM bhaMte ? kiMphale ? tae NaM te therA bhagavaMto te samaNovAsae evaM "vadAsI-saMjame NaM ajjo-aNaNhayaphale tave vodANaphale taM ceva jAva puvvataveNaM puvvasaMjameNaM kammiyAe saMgiyAe ajjo ! devA devaloesu uvavajjati, sacce NaM esamaThe No ceva NaM AyabhAvavattavva

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148 : pariziSTa yAe // se kahameyaM maNNe evaM ? tae NaM samaNe0 goyame imose kahAe laddhaThe samANe...... samaNaM bha0 mahAvIraM jAva evaM vayAsI - evaM khalu bhaMte ! ahaM tubbhehiM abbhaNuNNAe samANe rAyagihe nagare uccanIyamajjhimANi kulANi gharasamudANassa bhikkhAyariyAe aDamANe bahujaNasadda nisAmemi evaM khalu devA0 tugiyAe nagarIe bahiyA pupphavaIe ceie pAsAvaccijjA therA bhagavaMto samaNovAsaehiM iyAiM eyArUvAI vAgaraNAiM pucchiyA-saMjae NaM bhaMte! kiMphale? tave kiphale? taM ceva jAva sacce NaM esamaThe No ceva NaM aaybhaavvttvvyaae| taM pabhU NaM bhaMte! te therA bhagavaMto tesiM samaNovAsayANaM imAiM eyArU vAI vAgaraNAI vAgarittae udAhu appabhU ?, ___ pabhU 0 goyamA ! ta therA bhagavaMto tesiM samaNovAsayANaM imAI eyArUvAI vAgaraNAI vAgarettae, ahaM pi ya NaM goyamA ! aivamAikkhAmi...... ( sU0 111) vyAkhyAprajJapti 2 zataka 5 uddeza / rAyagihai nAma nayare hotthA / (sU068) tattha NaM nAlaMdAe bAhiriyAe leve nAma gAhAvaI hotthA / se NaM leve nAma gAhAvaI samaNovAsae yAvi hotthaa| (sU069) levassa gAhAvaissa nAlaMdAe bAhiriyAe ..... udagasAlA...... tassi ca NaM gihapadesaMmi bhagavaM goyame viharai, bhagavaM ca NaM ahe ArAmaMsi / ahe NaM udae peDhAlaputte bhagavaM pAsAvaccijje niyaMThe meyajje gotteNaM jeNeva bhagavaM goyame teNeva uvAgacchai, uvAgacchaittA bhagavaM goyama evaM vayAsI-AusaMto ! goyamA atthi khalu me kei padese pUcchiyavve, taM ca Auso ! ahAsUyaM ahAdarisiyaM me viyAgarehi savAyaM, bhagavaM goyame udayaM peDhAlaputtaM evaM vayAsI-aviyAi Auso ! soccA nisamma jANissAmo savAyaM, udae peDhAlaputte bhagavaM goyama evaM vayAsI // (sU0 71 ) Auso ! goyamA asthi khalu kumAra puttiyA nAma samaNA niggaMthA tumhANaM pavayaNaM pavayamANA gAhAvaI samaNovAsagaM uvasaMpanna evaM paccakkhAti-NaNNattha abhioeNaM gAhAvai, coraggahaNavimokkha

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cAra tIrthaMkara : 146 NayAe tasehiM pANehi NihAya daMDaM, evaM NhaM paccakAMtANaM duppaccakkhAyaM bhavai, evaM grahaM paccakkhAvemANANaM dupaccakkhAviyavyaM bhavai, enaM te paraM paccakkhAvemANA atiyarati sayaM patiNNaM / (sU0 72) etesiM NaM bhaMte ! padANaM eNhi jANiyAe savaNayAe bohie jAva uvahAraNayAe eyamaThTha saddahAmi... tae NaM se udae peDhAlaputte bhagavaM goyama evaM vayAsI-icchAmi NaM bhaMte ! tubbhaM aMtie cAujjAmAo dhammAo paMcamahavvaiyaM sapaDikkamaNaM dhamma uvasaMpajjittA NaM viharittae // (sU0 81) sUtrakR0 2 zruta 7 nAlaMdIyAdhyayana / cAujjAmo a jo dhammo jo imo paMca sikkhio| desio vaddhamANeNaM pAseNa ya mahAmuNI ! // 23 // egakajjapavannANaM visese kiM nu kAraNaM ? / dhamme duvihe mehAvI ! kahaM vippaccao na te ? // 24 // tao kesi buvaMtaM tu goyamo iNamabbavI / pannA samikkhae dhammaM tattaM tattaviNicchayaM // 25 // purimA ujju jaDDA u vakkajaDDA ya pcchimaa| majjhimA ujjupannA u tena dhamme duhA kae // 26 // purimANaM dubbisujjho u carimANaM durnnupaalo| kappo majkSimagANaM tu suvisujjho supAlao // 27 // sAhu goyama ! pannA te, chinno me saMsao imo| anno'vi saMsao majjhaM, taM me kahasu goyamA ! // 28 // acelao a jo dhammo, jo imo sNtruttro| desio vaddhamANeNaM, pAseNa ya mahAmuNI // 26 // egakajjapavannANaM, visese kiM nu kAraNaM ? / liMge duvihe mehAvI ! kahaM vippaccao na te ? // 30 // kesiM evaM buvANaM tu, goyamo innmbbvii| vinnANeNa samAgamma, dhammasAhaNamicchiyaM // 31 // paccayatthaM ca logassa, nANAvihavikappaNaM / jattatthaM gahaNatthaM ca, loge liMgapaoaNaM / / 32 / / uttarAdhyayana kezIgautamIyAdhyayana 23

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