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JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY
than Buddhists, the Chinese version of the Kalpanamandiņkā tells us about Kanişka's journey from the Basin of the Ganges back to the North-West India, viz. that the great emperor went through a wide flat country where he saw a beautiful caitya of the Jains, to which he paid homage as the thought it to be a Buddhist stupa. KoNow supposed that this caitya was possibly the same as the one of which the remains have been found at Kankali Tilā.
Pp. 149, n. Kalpanamanḍitika by Kumaralāta, translated by Kumarajiva, English translation Ind. Ant. Vol. 32, 1903, p. 385 and in the edition by E. HOUBER, Paris, 1908, Pp. 158--63.
1303:
Pp. 150-52. Buddhism and Jainism go together in their expression of art. Both had similar symbols, stupas, decorations, architecture, artistic motives-because both drew on the national art of India and employed the same artists (Ep. Ind. vol. 2, 1894. Pp. 311-23).
P. 153. Existence of a prospering Jain community about 57 n.c.; oldest Jina images also originate from about that time. Buddhism strongly influenced by Jainism (B. LAUFER, Chitralaksana, Leipzig, Pp. 17-18.
P. 155. In the second half of the 1st century B.c. the Jina was depicted side by side with the symbols which formally substituted him.
Pp. 158-59. A relief (text-fig. 10) found by FUHRER at Kankali Tila- accor ding to FUHRER it shows Vardhamäna holding a devotional conversation with a king; it is not Jainistic; it represents meeting of Buddha with king Suddhodana.
P. 158. Jina images always completely naked with (often) the Srivatsasymbol on the chest.
P. 167. Neither the oldest Jina figures on the ayagapatas show the unisa, nor do the images of the Kusana period, have it; before the Guptas the unisa disting uishes the Buddha from the Jina.
P. 219. Dhyana-mudra usual for Jina images.
P. 221. In the centre of the space between the two lions (on the base) a scene is represented, showing a number of adorants on either side of a small column carrying the Cakra symbol-this is a special characteristic of Jainistic images.
Generally Jainism more tenacious to tradition, becaue it has not been exposed to foreign and strange influences it remained conservative and therefore did not acquire the numerous followers among foreign nations that could have made it a
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