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JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY
given. Madura consumed with fire. A large number of Vellalas and Kollans fled to the Travancore hills via Korangani and settled down in different parts of the Anjanad Valley.
1993
Indu Bhusan GHATAK---Ethnology for India. (Q JMS, vol. 36, No. 4, 1946. Bangalore).
P. 219. Kurumbas (South India): The Kurumbas of South India are of two types--those who live in the Nilgiri Plateau, more savage, speaking Kurumba dialect and those who live in the plains speaking Kanarese and civilised.
1994
Ram Sharan SHARMA--Südras in Ancient India. Delhi, Varansasi, Patna, 1958.
Pp. 36-37. The Ksatriyas reduced to the position of Sūdras as a result of their long struggle with the Brähmanas, Ksatriyas as a well-defined varna with their rights and duties did not exist in the Rig Vedic period. Dispute regarding the brahmanical monoly of knowledge, successfully challanged by the Ksatriyas. In north-eastern India the Ksatriya revolt reached its climax with the preachings of Gautama Buddha and Vardhamana Mahavira, who claimed social primacy of the Kşatriya and gave the next place to the Brahmanas. .
P. 86. There are greater chronological uncertainties in the case of the Jain sources, which have not been edited and studied. It is held that the canonical wotks were first compiled somewhere towards the end of the fourth or the beginning of the third century B.C. (CHARPENTIER-Uttra. Intr. Pp. 32 & 48-ascribes them to the period between 300 B.C. and the beginning of Christian era). But, dealing as they do with the life of Mahāvira; they may be utilised for the pre-Mauryan period, from which they were not far removed in point of time.
P 87Materials furnished by Buddhists and Jain sources may be taken as reflecting more of actual conditions than the rules laid down in the Dharma-sülras. While the Dharma sütras emphasise the primacy of the Brahmanism, the Buddhist and Jain sources emphasise the primacy of the Ksatriyas.
Pp. 134-38. Early Jainism admitted to its monastic order members of all the varnas and tried to uplift the Cāņdālas. The early Jain monks accepted food from lower class families, including those of the weavers.
P. 135. The first female disciple of Mahāvīra is said to have been a captured slave. According to a Jain cannon some of the causes of the renunciation of the
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