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JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY
1809
P. 196. Book 22. 8 Degrees of nakedness: Niganthas are to be to the Acelakas, who go entirely naked, for these ascetics at least wear a covering in front. The Niganthas said: even dust and dirt are endowed with the principle of life, and so for fear they may fall into our alms-dishes, we wear a covering. Naked ascetics of the Jain Order, Niganthas.
2607
K. V. LAKSHMAN RAO-Did Panini know Buddhist Nuns? (Ind. Ant. vol. L1921, Bombay).
P. 82. A Sūtra in Panini, in the second Ashtaka is "Kumāra Śramaṇādibhi" (II-1-70) the Śramanadigaṇa consists of the words Śramana, Tapa etc.
Jainendra Vyakaraṇa which cannot be later than the 5th century A.D. has a Sutra similar to that of Pänini. The illustrations generally given under this aphorism are Kumāra Šramaṇa Kumararamana means a sanyasint. Sanyasint who has joined the order as a brahamchariṇī,
P. 83. Who could they be except the Buddhist nuns? Hinduism does not recognise sannyasa to women and sudras. The word śramaņa even in its masculine form has been monopolized by Buddhists and it now practically means a Buddhist monk.
2608
R. SHAMASHASTRY-The Home of the Ancient Hindus and their policy of Racial fusion (A.I.O.C. Session II; 1922).
Pp. 135 & 138. Brahmanic and Jain accounts of the cosmos. It must be noted that Bhaṭṭakalanka, the celebrated Jain post and philospher, who lived in eighth century A.D. is the author of the Rajavartika, a brief commentary in Sūtra style on the Tatvarthestra of Umāsväti. Coming from such a learned scholar, acquainted with such older works as the Jambuprajñapti and other treatises on the geography of the world then known, the Vartikas cannot be regarded as poetic imaginations.
Jain Education International
2609
Anagarika DHARMAPAL-Buddhist Section: Address. (A.I.O.C., Session II; 1922).
Pp. 525-6. The Vishnu Purana (18th Adhyaya) speaks of the avatara who in the form of Vishnu, appeared in the form of a Digambara to the asuras-preached them to give up the following of the Vedamarga. The Padma Purana speaks of the
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