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JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY
P. 19. The Jaina group of rock-hewn shrines at Ellora throw much light on the aims and ideals of the Jain builders; Indra Sabhā and Jagannātha Sabha group most notable; the various adjuncts of these temples are crowded and overloaded with architectured detail exhibits industry and skill.
Pp. 20-21. The later Chālukya kings and the Rāshtrakūtas favourably inclined towards the Jaina religion, and inscriptions shows that both rock-hewn and structural temple of this faith were built under the patronage of the kings of those two dynasties.
Pp. 43-45. Salient features of the Jaina sculpture of the Deccan; Jaina faith existed here (Deccan) from very early times, but flourished especially during the period of the ninth to elevenih centuries A.D., when important centres of the cult were established at Ellora, at Patancheru, 19 miles to the nort-west of the present city of Hyderabad, at Kulpak, the Kallipaka of the inscriptions, 45 miles north-east of Hydrabad, and Kopbal in the Raichur District of the Hyderabad State. All these seats are ancient. Kopbal had acquired fame as a tīrtha of the Jaina religion in the ninth century AD. Kopbal (Kopana) noted as a Jaina sanctuary in the seventh century A.D. (Kannada inscriptions of Kopbal, Hyderabad Archaeological series, Monographs No. 12-p. 2, n. 1. ). Some Jaina shrines at Patancheru, Kulpak, and Kopbal were burnt and razed to the ground-there the Archaeological Dept. has collected a large number of Jaina images. The general character of the Jaina sculpture of the Deccan shows competent workmanship and conveys a feeling of religious serenity; but it possesses neither the majestic dignity nor the vigour and zeal. The art seems to be schematic & showing no creative effort on the part of the artist. To illustrate this view two images may be described; (Plates XXXVIIXXXVIII); one of them (Pārsvanātha) was found at Kopbal now in Salar Jung's palace at Sururnagar in the suburbs of Hyderabad, and the other in the sculpture gallery of the Hyderabad Museum, both described.
In Jaina sculptures the figures of gods do not generally possess any decorative features. In purely decorative designs, such as floral and jenealery patterns, the skill of the Jaina sculptor surpasses that of his rivals.
P. 58. At Ellora the ceilings of the Indra Sabhā group of Jaina temples are adorned with painting (9th century A.D.), representation of the apsarasas plates:
No. XXXVII-(b)—A Jaina image-No: XXXVIII—Jaina image in the Hyderabad Museum,
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