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JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY
P. 202. Plusarch's (C. A. D. 46-120), life of Alexander : Kalanos, his real name was Sphines, but as he saluted those whom he met with 'Kale', (that is 'All hail'), he was called by the Greeks Kalanos.
P. 225. The Indika of Arrian : (First century): Sophists-these sages go naked, living during winter in the open air to enjoy the sunshine, and during summer, in meadows and low grounds under large trees ; they live upon fruits and bark of trees.
Pp. 277-278. The Geography of Strabo (born 63 B. c.) ; Onesicritus (pilot of Alexandar's ship), his account of the Sophists, who always went naked, devoted themselves to endurance; they were held in very great honour ; they did not visit other people when invited ; he found fifteen sophist at a distance of twenty stadia from the city, who were in different postures, standing or sitting or lying naked and motionless with sun; it was very hard to endure the sun, that at midday no one could easily endure walking on the ground with bare feet.
Onesicritus conversed with one of these sophists, Calanus, who accompained the King (Alexandar) as far as Persis. Gist of conversation given. Mandanis, the wisest and oldest of the sophists ; his talk with Onesicritus.
Pp. 279-80. Lack of agreement among the historians in the account of Calanus.
P. 424. Dionysious Periegetes (3rd century A.D.) Priscian, the celebrated grammarian, translated the poem of Dionysios into Latin, in which occur the following lines
Some of the Indians who pursue wisdom go about naked, and, what is wonderful, look with eyes undazzled on the sun, and, while concentrating their vision on his rays, concentrate also their minds on the holy themes.
Pp. 425-29. Accounts of the Brahmanas and Sramanas : Sramanas include both Buddhists and Jains. Two ascetics named Calanus and Dhandamis who flourished at the time of Alexander (4th century B.c.).
Pp. 439-40. Clemens Alexandrinus (A.D. 15-211) In his work "Stromateis', he writes : Those Indians who are called Semoni go naked all their lives. These practise truth, make predictions about futurity, and worship a kind of pyramid beneath which they think the bones of some divinity lie buried. They keep themselves chaste. (The Semnoi were probably Jains Ed. P. 448).
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