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JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY
P.640. India indifferently represented : Jain woodworks and paintings.
P. 642. A Gujrati Jaina painting (15th century A. D.) representing the tonsure (chudakaraña) of Mahāvīra (in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts).
P. 648. The Free Gallery of Art, Washington, contains illustrated leaves of the Kalpasūtra showing the style of the Gujrati Rajput paintings of the 15th century.
Plate 5. Fig. 8. Jaina like statue by an Argive Sculptor, Delphi.
Plate 9, Fig. 16. Gujarati Jain MS. Painting, 15th century, Boston Museum.
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D. G. MAHAJAN--Ancient Dravidion Jain Heritage. (1. H. C. Proc. XIXth Session), Patna, 1957. Pp. 70-79.
The ancient Tamil literature of the Sangam age (300 B. c. to 300 A. D.) is replete with ample references to 'Amanpalli' or rock caverns resorted to by the Jain Munis-ascetic for meditation. The Tamil epic Manimekalai gives a fair perspective of the Jain religion and its doctrines. The natural caverns on the slopes of the bills practically all over the hilly parts of the Tamil Land are sort of ancient haunts of the Jains. The period from 300 A. D. to 700 A. D.--"The age of the Jain Sanghas” was characterised by a militant propagation of Jainism with main seat at ancient Pataliputra, modern Tiruppapuliyar-Thirupadaripuliyar in the South Arcot district, important seat of a most renowned monastery traced as far back as the 3rd century A. D. adorned by Jain Acharya Samantabhadra, also adorned by Acharya Sinhanandi or Sravanandi in the 5th century, by Achārya Dharmasen, who later converted himself into the Saivite sect. Vajranandi Achārya, a pupil of the great Jain Achārya Pūjyapāda, founded in 470 A, D, the great Jain Sangha of Madura.
The period from 700 A, D to 1250 A. D.- the period of the great controversies. The Alvāras and the Nayanamars, the Hindu revivalist, went about the country engaging their Jain and Buddha adversaries in the field of religious disputation. Jain Acharya Vimalachandra, challenged the Saivas, Pāśupatas, Buddhists, Kāpālikas and Kāpālis. Sandusen, Indusen and Kanakanandi were engaged in controversy by the Saivite saint Jnyana-Sambandhar.
Prominent Pallis were at Tirumalai, Tiruppannamalai, Rajendrapuram, Villappakam in North Arcot Dist. Jirunarungondai and Srinnur in South Arcot District; Anandamangalam (Chinglepeth Dist.), Sandalai, Maruttavakudi (Tanjore Dist.) Tirumalwadi in Trichinopolly dist. Tirupperuttikunram known as Jain Kanchi just near the present Kanjeeweram. Perumpallies or large monasteries were at Narttamalai, Aunavasal, Settippatti, Sembatur and Mosakudi.
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