Prakrit Vidya 2000 10

Author(s): Rajaram Jain, Sudip Jain
Publisher: Kundkund Bharti Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/521364/1

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ISSN No. 0971-796 X pr lipii varSa 12, aMka 3, aktUbara-disambara '2000 I. "ahiMsApratiSThAyAM tatsannidhau vairatyAgaH" // zrAvaka saMgho'stu maMgalam // 6 apraila 2001 ravivAra, ko ghaTita durghaTanA ke pariprekSya meM vizeSa vicAraNIya

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AvaraNa pRSTha ke bAre meM) kahA jAtA hai ki tIrthaMkara kI dharmasabhA meM paraspara viparIta prakRtivAle pazu-pakSI bhI eka sAtha avirodha-bhAva se baiThate haiM, aisA divya-prabhAva usa sabhA kA hotA hai; isIprakAra virAgI jainasaMtoM ke sAnnidhya meM to zera aura gAya ke bhI eka hI ghATa para pAnI pIne kI kiMvadantiyA~ pracalita haiN| isI bhAva ko dyotita karanevAle isa AvaraNa-citra meM na kavela siMha aura gAya ko eka hI ghATa para pAnI pIte dikhAyA gayA hai, apitu unakI santati bhI mamatA kI chA~va meM samatA kA adbhuta nidarzana prastuta kara rahI haiN| siMha-zAvaka gAya kA dugdhapAna kara rahA hai, to gAya ke bachar3e ko siMhanI bhI vAtsalyapUrvaka stanapAna karA rahI hai| ___ dharmasabhA kI aisI adbhuta mahimAzAlI paramparA rahI hai; kintu 6 apraila 2001 dillI ke indirA gA~dhI inDora sTeDiyama' meM Ayojita 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600veM janmakalyANaka mahotsava' ke zubhArambha-samAroha meM jaisI sthiti kA nirmANa huA, vaha jainasamAja kI ekatA evaM saMgaThana ke lie atyanta ghAtaka hai| dharmasabhA meM to pazu-pakSI bhI bairabhAva bhulAkara baiThate haiM, aura hama manuSya zrAvaka hokara bhI apane matabhedoM ko bhulAkara sauhArdapUrvaka nahIM baiTha sake; to isake kAraNoM kI gaMbhIratA se mImAMsA apekSita hai| hameM apane jJAna ko viveka kA cAbuka lagAkara sahI dizA meM gatizIla karane kI apekSA hai| . cUMki digambara evaM zvetAmbara -- ina do sampradAyoM meM kucha AcAraparaka vicAradhArA kA matabheda to hai; kintu aba ve bAteM mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ko prabhAvita karane lagIM haiM; aura hama ahiMsA, anekAnta, syAdvAda aura aparigraha ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM para ina matabhedoM ko hAvI karane lage haiM --yaha zubha-saMketa nahIM haiN| sampradAya to digambaroM meM bhI haiM, aura zvetAmbaroM meM haiN| digambaroM meM terahapaMthI. bIsapaMthI, tAraNapaMthI evaM mumukSumaMDalavAle Adi haiM; to zvetAmbaroM meM bhI anekoM gaNa-gaccha ke bheda haiM; jaiseki tapAgaccha, kharataragaccha aadi| kintu ina bhedoM ke bAda bhI ve sabhI zvetAmbara yA digambara zAkhAoM ke antargata A sakate haiM, to hama sabhI milakara jainatva meM samAhita nahIM ho sake aisI kyA bAdhA A gayI thI? ___ dhyAna rahe yadi jainasamAja se vicAroM kI sahiSNutA kho gayI, to anekAnta kI carcA apane mAyane kho degii| tathA yadi vANI kI sahiSNutA samApta hone lagI, to phira syAdvAda-paddhati kA kyA aucitya raha jAyegA? aura yadi vaibhava ke pradarzana evaM saMsAdhanoM ke nyUnAdhikya se viSamatA kA bhAva banA rahA, to phira aparigrahavAda kaba hamAre jIvana ko samatA va sahiSNutA kA prayoga sikhA pAyegA? ___yaha ghaTanA hameM gaMbhIra vicAramaMthana ke lie prerita karatI hai ki mahAvIra ke jina siddhAMtoM ko samajhakara pUMchavAle (tiryaMca) vaira bhulA baiThe, una siddhAMtoM ke gIta gAkara bhI hama mUMchavAle (manuSya) zAyada unake artha ko bhI nahIM samajha sake haiN| -sampAdaka

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ISSNNo.0971-796x / / jayadu sud-devdaa|| prAkRta-vidyA PRAKRIT-VIDYA Pagad-Vijja pAgada-vijjA zaurasenI, prAkRta evaM sAMskRtika mUlyoM kI traimAsikI zodha-patrikA The quarterly Research Journal of Shaurseni, Prakrit & Cultural Values vIrasaMvat 2527 aktUbara-disambara 2000 I0 varSa 12 Veersamvat 2527 October-December '2000 Year 12 AcArya kundakunda samAdhi-saMvat 2013 aMka 3 Issue 3 mAnada pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 (DaoN0) rAjArAma jaina nidezaka, kundakunda bhAratI jaina zodha saMsthAna Hon. Chief Editor PROF. (DR.) RAJA RAM JAIN Director, K.K.B. Jain Research Institute mAnada sampAdaka Hon. Editor DaoN0 sudIpa jaina DR. SUDEEP JAIN ema.e. (prAkRta), pI-eca.DI. M.A. (Prakrit), Ph.D. Publisher SURESH CHANDRA JAIN prakAzaka zrI sureza candra jaina maMtrI zrI kundakunda bhAratI TrasTa Secretary Shri Kundkund Bharti Trust vArSika sadasyatA zulka eka aMka - pacAsa rupaye (bhArata) - pandraha rupaye (bhArata) 6.0 $ (DAlara) bhArata ke bAhara 1.5 % (DAlara) bhArata ke bAhara prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 001

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sampAdaka-maNDala DaoN0 devendra kumAra zAstrI pro0 (DaoN0) premasumana jaina DaoN0 udayacandra jaina DaoN0 jayakumAra upAdhye pro0 (DaoN0) zaziprabhA jaina prabandha sampAdaka DaoN0 vIrasAgara jaina zrI kundakunda bhAratI (prAkRta bhavana) 18-bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 phona (011)6564510 phaiksa (011) 6856286 Kundkund Bharti (Prakrit Bhawan) 18-B, Spl. Institutional Area New Delhi-110067 Phone (91-11) 6564510 Fax (91-11)6856286 'AmnAya' kA vaiziSya "vAcanA-pRcchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezA: / " ___ arthAt vAcanA, pracchanA, anuprekSA, AmnAya aura dharmopadeza -ye pA~ca svAdhyAya ke aMga haiN| "aSTasthAnoccAravizeSeNa yacchuddhaM ghoSaNaM puna: puna: parivartanaM sa AmnAya: kthyte|" -(A0 zrutasAgara sUri, tattvArthavRtti, navama adhyAya, 25) kaNTha, tAlu Adi ATha uccAraNa-sthAnoM kI vizeSatA se jo zuddha ghoSaNa/uccAraNa bArambAra parivartanapUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai, use 'AmnAya' kahate haiN| ** dhana-kana-kaMcana-rAjasukha, sabahiM sulabha kara jAna / durlabha hai saMsAra meM, eka yathAratha jJAna / / kAtantravyAkaraNam 'kAtantraM hi vyAkaraNaM pANinIyetaravyAkaraNeSu prAcInatamam / asya praNetRviSaye'pi vipazcitAM naikamatyam / evameva kAlaviSaye nAmaviSaye ca yudhiSThiro hi kAtantrapravartanakAlo vikramapUrva tRtIya-sahasrAbdIti mnyte|' -likhaka : lokamaNidAhala., vyAkaraNazAstretihAsa:, bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, dillI, pRSTha 260) ** 402 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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anukrama kra. zIrSaka 01. sampAdakIya : gorakSA aura govadha 02. agni aura jIvatvazakti 03. bhAratIya darzana evaM jainadarzana 04. digambara - paramparA ke manISI aura vartamAna sthiti 05. prAkRta kAvyazailI kA dUragAmI prabhAva 06. apabhraMza bhASA evaM usake kucha prAcIna sandarbha 07. nava khriSTAbda aSTaka 11. sAhU asoga (prAkRta kavitA ) 12. prAcIna nATakoM meM prayukta prAkRtoM kI saMpAdakIya avahelanA 13. IsApUrva ke zilAlekhoM kI bhASA meM zaurasenI 14. bhASA-parivAra aura zaurasenI prAkRta 15. Ayariyappavaro siridesabhUsaNo 08. pajjuNNacariu DaoN0 vidyAvatI jaina 09. har3appA kI moharoM para jainapurANa evaM AcaraNa ke saMdarbha DaoN0 rameza canda jaina 10. yati pratikramaNa kI viSayagata samIkSA zrImatI raMjanA jaina DaoN0 udayacanda jaina 16. duniyAM meM sarvAdhika dharmanirapekSa hai morapaMkha 17. bhAratIya sAMskRtika va bhASika eka 18. eka mananIya samIkSA 19. pustaka-samIkSA 20. abhimata 21. samAcAra - darzana lekhaka DaoNosudIpa jaina AcArya vidyAnanda muni DaoN0 maMgaladeva zAstrI paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI DaoN0 kalAnAtha zAstrI prAkRtavidyAaktUbara-disambara 2000 pro0 ( DaoN0 ) rAjArAma jaina DaoNo mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA prabhAta kumAra dAsa zrImatI maMjUSA seThI DaoN0 mAyA jaina pro0 mAdhava raNadive zrImatI snehalatA TholiyA pRSTha saM0 DaoNosudIpa jaina 4 9 21 2 2 2 23 27 34 40 41 5 F F 8 2 2 2 2 59 71 77 81 83 86 92 94 98 102 00 3

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sampAdakIya gorakSA aura govadha -DaoN0 sudIpa jaina kozakAroM ne 'go' zabda ke jitane artha prarUpita kiye haiM, utane artha saMbhavata: anya kisI itane laghukAya zabda ke nahIM ginAye haiN| vyutpatti kA Azraya lekara 'gacchatIti go' ke anusAra kisI pazu-vizeSa ke rUpa meM rUDha ise kiyA gayA ho; parantu hamAre pUrvaja manISiyoM ko isa zabda kA abhiprAya pazu-vizeSa taka sImita karanA na to kabhI iSTa thA aura na hI isa dRSTi se unhoMne isa zabda kI vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| anyathA gaurava, gaveSaNA jaise jaise gomUlaka' zabda bhI pazu-vizeSa taka sImita hote| kintu aisA nahIM honA yaha sUcita karatA hai ki 'go' zabda atyanta vyApaka abhiprAya ko apane Apa meM samAhita kiye hue hai| kozagranthoM ke AdhAra para hI saMkalita katipaya nidarzana draSTavya hai 'go' zabda ke arva- tAre, AkAza, pRthivI, prakAza kI kiraNa, svarga, AtmA, vANI, sarasvatI devI, zabda, indriyA~, sUrya, candramA, kSitija, samuccaya, vRddhi, cakSu, mAtA aadi| 'go' se niSpanna zabda aura usake artha- gotra (kulagata-paricaya), godhUma (gahU~), godhra (parvata), gopati (ziva, varuNa, rAjA), gopura (nagara kA yA ghara kA mukhya daravAjA), gomeda (ratna-vizeSa), govida (bRhaspati), gorda (mastiSka), gola (aMtarikSa yA AkAzamaMDala), goSThI (sabhA, samAja, pravacana), gaura (gorAvarNa), gaurava (gurutA, mahattva, Adara, sammAna), gaurila (sapheda sarasoM), gaurI (tulasI kA paudhA, mallikAlatA, kumArI kanyA, pArvatI), ityaadi| uparyukta katipaya nidarzana go' zabda ke vyApakatva ke bAre meM sUcita karane ke lie paryApta haiN| inako dekhakara yaha kahanA atyuktipUrNa nahIM lagegA ki 'go' zabda kA artha pazu-vizeSa taka sImita karanA isakI vyApakatA ko balAt saMkucita karanA hI hai| mujhe rUr3ha artha ke rUpa meM 'gAya' rUpa pazuvizeSa artha se koI Apatti yA virodha nahIM hai; kintu isa vyApaka zabda ko eka rUDha artha taka bA~dhakara sImita kara dene meM avazya Apatti hai| 004 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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kyoMki isa sImita dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa gorakSA' evaM 'govadha-pratikAra' jaise Andolana atyanta saMkucita kSetra meM simaTakara raha gaye haiN| yahA~ taka ki janasAmAnya meM ina zabdoM se pazu-vizeSa ko bacAne kI hI bAta dhyAna meM AtI hai| vANI ke prayoga' yA 'bauddhika cintana' ke stara para yadi koI maryAdA kA ullaMghana ho rahA ho, to vaha bhI 'govadha' hai tathA usakA bhI pratikAra karanA 'govadhapratikAra' evaM 'gorakSA' hai --yaha bAta vicAra meM bhI nahIM A pAtI hai| indriyoM kA jJAnAtmaka upayoga na karake viSaya-sevanarUpa prayoga bhI 'govadha' hai tathA unakA saMyamana bhI gorakSA' hai - isakI to kalpanA bhI saMbhavata: Aja ke tathAkathita AndolanakArI nahIM kara pAye haiN| pRthivI-agni-AkAza Adi ke prati jo maryAdita AcaraNa bhAratIya saMskRti ke zAzvata mUlya rahe haiM, unakA Aja vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna, audyogika prasAra ke nAma para bhautikavAdI lipsAoM ke kAraNa jo andhAdhundha dohana evaM atikramaNa ho rahA hai, vaha bhI gohatyA' yA 'gopIr3ana' ke rUpa meM paribhASita ho sakatA hai-- yaha kathana to gorakSAvAdiyoM ko saMbhavata: vikSipta-pralApa jaisA pratIta ho sakatA hai| kintu ye saba bAteM cirantana bhAratIya sAMskRtika jIvanamUlyoM ke anusAra pUrNata: satya haiM tathA bhAratIya sAhitya, bhASAzAstra va kozagrantha inake poSaka sAkSya haiN| ___ yahI kAraNa thA ki mujhe 'go' zabda kA artha 'pazu-vizeSa' taka sImita kiye jAne se Apatti huii| yaha Apatti to pratyeka cintaka, vicAraka evaM bhAratIya saMskRti-sAhityaitihAsa-bhASAzAstra Adi meM AsthA rakhanevAle vyakti ko honI hI cAhiye; kyoMki isase itanA mahanIya zabda apanI vyApakatA kho rahA hai| saMbhavata: gorakSA-AndolanavAloM ko bhI unake ArAdhya 'go' zabda kA yaha vyApakarUpa prasannatA pradAna karanevAlA hI siddha hogaa| prastuta prakaraNa meM yahA~ go' zabda ke usa sArasvatarUpa kI carcA maiM iSTa samajhatA hU~, jise sarasvatI, vANI, zabda, pravacana Adi sArasvata arthoM kA pratipAdaka mAnA gayA hai| ina arthoM meM yaha zabda anekatra prayukta milatA hai, kiMtu vistArabhaya ke kAraNa eka-do nidarzana hI yahA~ prastuta karanA apekSita samajhatA huuN| "sarasvatI' artha meM 'go' zabda - "gau: zrI iti jaTAdharaH" - (zabdakalpadruma, bhAga 5, pR0 289) "vAk ca sarasvatI ityamaraH" - (vahI, bhAga 4, pR0 317) . 'kirAtArjunIyam' Adi sAhitya-granthoM meM bhI isa artha meM 'go' zabda prayukta prApta hotA hai| 'vANI' yA 'vacana' ke arthoM meM 'go' zabda - "raghorudArAmapi gAM nizamya" - (raghuvaMzamahAkAvya, 5/12) tathA 'sUyagaDaMga' (1/13) meM bhI 'vANI' ke artha meM 'go' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| 'pRthvI' artha meM bhI mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne 'go' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 005

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"dudoha gAM sa yajJAya zasyAya maghavA divam / sampad vinimayenobhau dadhaturbhuvanadvayam / / " -(zabdakalpadruma, bhAga 4, pRSTha 369) saMbhavata: inhIM zreSTha arthoM meM prayukta evaM pracalita hone ke kAraNa ativiziSTa jJAtA gaNadhara indrabhUti ke kula kA nAma gautama' pdd'aa| 'gau' arthAt sArasvata jJAtA, tathA tama' arthAt sarvazreSTha --isaprakAra tatkAlIna manISIjanoM meM sarvazreSTha hone se inake kula kA nAma 'gautama' anvarthaka thaa| tathA inakI ativiziSTa pratibhA ke kAraNa hI indra ne avadhijJAna se inheM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA pradhAna ziSya' yA 'gaNadhara' hone yogya pAyA thaa| --yaha kathA prAyaza: vidita hone se yahA~ usakA ullekha nahIM kara rahA huuN| vidvajjanoM meM vizeSata: 'go'zabda sArasvata-abhiprAya meM pracalita evaM rUr3haprAya: rahA hai, yaha uparyukta vivaraNa se bhalIbhA~ti spaSTa hai| vizeSata: 'vAgmI' yA 'vAcaMyamI' manISI ke lie isa zabda se nirmita vizeSaNa prayukta hote the| isIlie vANI ke vaiduSya evaM vAk-saMyama ko 'gorakSA' kA tathA govadha-pratikAra' kA pratIka mAnA jAtA rahA hai| tathA isake viparIta abhadravacana, loka evaM zAstra kI maryAdA ke viruddha vacana tathA prANapIr3akavacanoM ke prayoga ko govadha' kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM Rgveda' kA eka mantra draSTavya hai "vAcovidaM vAcamudIrayantI, vizvAbhidhIbhirupatiSThamAnAm / devI devebhya: paryeyuSIM, gAmA mA vRkta modabhratetAH / / " - (Rgveda, 8/3/16) artha :- vaha vANI, jo apane vAksvarUpa ke kAraNa svayaM viduSI hai, jAnanevAlI hai, jo udIrNa hotI hai, Urdhvagamana karatI hai (kyoMki vAk nAbhikendra meM suptAvasthA meM sthita hotI hai; . kintu jaba koI vyakti vivakSA karatA hai, taba vaha vahA~ se prANAgni kI zivikA para ArUDha hokara mukhayantra ke dvArA sphoTarUpa meM abhivyakti grahaNa karatI hai; ata: use UrdhvagamanA kahA gayA hai) tathA jo vizva kI samasta buddhiyoM se upatiSThamAna (arcita) hai, jo divyasvarUpA (daivI) hai aura jo devatAoM kI ora abhigamana karatI hai (arthAt divya tattvoM ko prakAzita karatI hai); usa vAgdevI ko (jise 'kAmadoghI' hone se kAmadhenu' tathA 'gau' zabdoM se pratIkarUpa meM kahA gayA hai) kSudramanavAlA manuSya nihata yA Ahata na kre| asatya-bhASaNa evaM azuddha uccAraNa Adi bhI vAgvadha' (gohatyA) mAnA gayA hai| ata: vidvAn aura sAdhupuruSa vANI ke sahI uccAraNa evaM maryAdita nirdoSa prayoga se 'gorakSA' (vANI kI rakSA) kre| ___ vastuta: vANI kI maryAdA kA yaha ciMtana ahiMsAmUlaka hai| isIlie manISiyoM ne likhA hai- "ahiMsayaiva bhUtAnAM kAryaM zreyo'nuzAsanam / vAk caiva madhurA zlakSNA prayojyA dhrmmicchtaa||" -(zabdakalpadruma, bhAga 4, pRSTha 317) artha :- ahiMsakavacanoM se hI prANiyoM kA anuzAsana karanA cAhie (arthAt 106 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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anuzAsana ke lie bhI kaThora vacanoM kA prayoga nahIM karanA caahie)| tathA dharmAbhilASiyoM ko madhura, saumya yA snigdha vANI kA prayoga karanA caahie| nirdoSa vacanoM ko sarvajJatA kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai "praNamya vAcaM ni:zeSapadArthodyota-dIpikAm / " - (kathAsaritsAgara, 1/3) "idaM kavibhyo pUrvebhyo namo vAcaM prazAsmahe / " - (uttararAmacarita, 1/1) ahiMsaka-vacanoM kI mahattA kA prarUpaNa karate hue jainAcArya likhate haiM "kSudro'pi nAvamantavya: svalpo'yamiti cintyaa| zirasyAkramate tucchaM yata: pAdAhataM raja: / / " artha :- yaha choTA yA kSudra hai - aisA mAnakara kisI bhI vyakti kA vAcika apamAna nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki tuccha miTTI/dhUla bhI paira se Thokara mArane para uchalakara sira para car3hatI hai arthAt AkramaNa karatI hai| isIliye jaina-paramparA meM sAdhu ho yA zrAvaka, sabhI ke liye vANI ke prayoga kI maryAdAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, tathA unakA dRr3hatA se anupAlana karane kA nirdeza anekatra diyA gayA hai| zramaNa hoM yA vidvAn, Ajakala prAyaza: zAstra ke AdhAra ke binA idhara-udhara kI ghaTanAoM kI pramukhatA se pravacana dene lage haiM, tathA lokaraMjana kI pramukhatA unake kathana meM A gaI hai| yaha atyanta zocanIya sthiti hai, kyoMki isase hamAre zAstra kI maryAdA aura AcAryoM ke saMdezoM kI upekSA hotI hai tathA vaiyaktika aham ke cakkara meM vANIrUpI go ke vadha kI sthiti nirmita hone lagatI hai| isIke nivAraNa ke liye zrAvakoM ko hita-mita-priya vacana bolanA, satyANuvrata Adi kA vidhAna hai; jabaki zramaNoM ke liye satya mahAvrata, bhASA-samiti evaM vacanagupti jaise niyama banAye gaye haiN| inake pariNAmasvarUpa jaina-paramparA ke vyaktiyoM ke vacanaprayoga atyanta maryAdita, ahiMsaka aura nirdoSa hote rahe hai| vacanoM ke ina maryAdita prayogoM ko IsApUrva tRtIya zatAbdI meM samrATa azoka ne sAravRddhi kA kAraNa batAyA hai--"idaM mUlaM ca vaciguttI" - (giranAra prazasti) __ 'pratikramaNa sUtra' meM bhASA ke anekoM doSoM kI carcA kI gayI hai, tathA unase nirantara dUra rahane kI bhAvanA vyakta kI gaI hai__ "tattha bhAsAsamidI-kakkasA, kaDuyA, parusA, NiThurA, parakohiNI, majjhakisA, adimANiNI, aNayaMkarA, cheyaMkarA, bhUdANa vahaMkarA cedi dasavihA bhAsA bhAsidA, bhAsAvidA, bhAsijjaMtA vi samaNumaNNidA; tassa micchA me dukkddN|" artha:--unameM 'bhASA-samiti' dasa prakAra kI hai; una dasa prakAroM ko nimnalikhita rUpa meM dikhAte haiM:- 1. kakkasA (tUM mUrkha hai, kucha nahIM jAnatA --ityAdi rUpa santApajanaka karkaza' bhASA hai), 2. kaDuyA (tUM' jAtihIna hai, adharmI, pApI hai, ityAdi rUpa se udvega utpanna karanevAlI 'kaTuka' bhASA hai), 3. parusA (tUM aneka doSoM se dUSita hai' --isaprakAra prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 007

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marma bhedanevAlI 'paruSa (kaThora) bhASA hai), 4. NiThurA ("tujhe mArUMgA, terA sira kATa lU~gA"--isaprakAra kI niSThura' bhASA hai), 5. parakohinI ("terA tapa kisI kAma kA nahIM, tU nirlajja hai" - isa taraha kI dUsaroM ko roSa upajAvanevAlI 'parakopinI' bhASA hai), 6. majjhaMkisA (esI niSThura bhASA, jo haDDiyoM kA madhyabhAga bhI cheda de, vaha madhyakRzA' bhASA hai), 7. aimANiNI (apanA mahattva-khyApana karanevAlI arthAt apanI prazaMsA karanevAlI aura dUsaroM kI niMdA karanevAlI 'atimAninI' bhASA hai), 8. aNayakarA (samAna svabhAvavAloM meM dvaidhIbhAva/dveSabhAva paidA kara dene vAlI yA mitroM meM paraspara vidveSa/virodha karA dene vAlI 'anayaMkarI' bhASA hai), 9. cheyakarA (vIrya, zIla aura guNoM kI jaDamUla se vinAza kara denevAlI athavA asadbhUta doSoM kA udbhAvana/prakaTa karanevAlI 'chedakarI' bhASA hai) aura 10. bhUyavahakarA (prANiyoM ke prANoM kA viyoga kara dene vAlI vadhakarI' bhASA hai)| isaprakAra kI bhASA maiMne svayaM bolI ho, dUsaroM se bulavAI ho aura bolate huye dUsare kI maiMne anumodanA kI ho, to ukta dasa prakAra ke bhASA-sambandhI mere duSkRta mithyA hoveN| ___kintu Aja hama dekha rahe haiM ki jaina-paramparA ke zramaNoM aura zrAvakoM meM bhASA ke saMyama kI vaha garimApUrNa paramparA aba apanA svarUpa khotI jA rahI hai| yaha sthiti jainasaMgha ke liye zabha-saMketa nahIM hai| Aja yadi tIrthaMkaroM ke yuga se lekara anavarata rUpa se Aja taka jaina-paramparA apane yazasvI pratimAnoM ke sAtha calI A rahI hai, to usakA mUlakAraNa jainasaMgha kI uparyukta anuzAsanAtmaka maryAdita paramparAyeM rahI haiM aura inhIM ke kAraNa vizvabhara ke dArzanikoM evaM samAjazAstriyoM ne jaina-paramparA kA mahattva muktakaMTha se svIkAra kiyA hai| jainazramaNoM evaM zrAvakoM ne ina maryAdAoM kA kaThoratA se pAlana kiyA, aura jaba kabhI bhI jainasaMgha ne inake bAre meM kiMcit mAtra bhI zithilatA dikhAI hai, to yugapradhAna AcArya kundakunda jaise anuzAstA AcAryoM ne dRr3hatApUrvaka isake pariSkAra ke liye spaSTa nirdeza pradAna kiye haiN| aura inhIM kAraNoM se AcArya kundakunda digambara jaina-paramparA ke pramukha anuzAstA AcArya mAne gaye haiN| hama apane Apako kundakunda jaise mahAn AcAryoM kI paramparA meM garvapUrvaka ghoSita karate haiM, tathA yadi unakI maryAdAoM evaM nirdezoM kA pAlana na kara vANIrUpI govadha evaM gopratAr3ana jaise duSkarma kareMge, to usakA pariNAma hameM avazya bhoganA pdd'egaa| gorakSA ke AMdolanakAriyoM ke atirikta jainasamAja ke samasta pUjya zramaNoM, zramaNAoM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM, vidvAnoM, lekhakoM, vicArakoM evaM jijJAsujanoM kI sevA meM yaha Alekha mAtra isI bhAvanA se yathAyogya sabahumAna samarpita hai, ki hama sabhI milakara jainasamAja meM jisa kisI bhI stara para vANI ke duSprayoga kI amaryAdita paramparA cala par3I ho, to dRr3hatApUrvaka usakA nivAraNa kara ucca AdhyAtmika saMdarbho meM gorakSA kA punIta kArya sampanna kreN| tAki jainasamAja isa deza ko Adarza nAgarika dekara bhAratIya saMskRti kI evaM jainasaMskRti kI yazasvI paramparA kA saMrakSaNa aura saMvarddhana kara ske| 008 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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agni aura jIvatvazakti -AcArya vidyAnanda muni sAmAnyata: to loga agni ke nAma se hI Darate haiM, aura use dUra se hI hAtha jor3ate haiN| kintu yaha bhI utanA hI bar3A satya hai ki agni hamAre laukika jIvana kA avibhAjya aMga hai, tathA isake binA hamAre sAMsArika kArya cala nahIM sakate haiN| phira bhI agni ko jIva ke rUpa meM jaisI viziSTa prarUpaNA isa anupama Alekha meM prApta hotI hai, vaisI prarUpaNA anyatra atyaMta durlabha hai| jaise jala kA svabhAva adhogamana hai, vAyu kA svabhAva tiryaggamana hai tathA agni kA svabhAva Urdhvagamana hai-- isa bAre meM kisI ko koI virodha nahIM hai; isIprakAra isa Alekha meM agni kI jIvatvazakti ko bhI avirodhIrUpa meM atyaMta prabhAvI rIti se siddha kiyA gayA hai| Aja ke bhautikatAvAdI bhale hI isa tathya ko mAne yA nahIM mAneM, kintu yaha Alekha na kevala agni kI jIvatvazakti pramANita karatA hai; apitu bhAratIya paramparA meM agni ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM jo pUjA, ArAdhanA yA AdarabhAva diyA jAtA rahA hai, usakI tArkikatA bhI siddha karatA hai| sAtha hI jJAna evaM sAdhanA ke zikhara para virAjamAna eka advitIya manISI sAdhaka kI lekhanI se prasUta hone ke kAraNa isakI mahattA svata: pramANita ho jAtI hai| AzA hai 'prAkRtavidyA' ke jijJAsu pAThakoM ke liye yaha Alekha paryApta parimANa meM jJAnabhojana prastuta kregaa| -sampAdaka prANavAyu aura jala kI taraha 'agni' bhI prANiyoM ke jIvana kA avibhAjya aMga hai| himayuga kI parikalpanA se agnitattva hI jIvana ke prati AsthA evaM Atmabala pradAna karatA hai| bhAratIya cintana meM agni ko paMcamahAbhUtoM ke eka aMga ke rUpa meM zAzvata prAkRtika bhautika tattva mAnA gayA hai, kintu pAradRzvA RSiyoM-muniyoM ne apanI sUkSmaprajJA ke dvArA cirakAla se yaha pratipAdita kiyA ki 'agni meM jIvatvazakti' hai| ise vaijJAnika tathya ke rUpa meM Adhunika vaijJAnika bhale hI pratipAdita aura siddha nahIM kara pAye hoM, kintu yaha eka jvalanta satya hai| maiM apane adhyayana aura anusandhAna se prApta tathyoM ke AdhAra para isa bAta kI sapramANa puSTi karane kI ceSTA isa Alekha meM kruuNgaa| agni kI khoja prAkRtika rUpa meM to 'agni' pA~ca rUpoM meM sarvatra vidyamAna mAnI gayI hai-1. dAvAgni, prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 009

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2. jaTharAgni, 3. bar3avAgni, 4. anta:agni aura 5. daivI-agnui / inameM se 'dAvAgni' to jaMgala meM lagane vAlI prAkRtika (ragar3a se utpanna) agni ko kahate haiN| tathA 'jaTharAgni' prANImAtra ke peTa meM vidyamAna agni hai, jo usake dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye bhojana ko pacAne kA kArya karatI hai| isIprakAra 'bar3avAgni' samudra meM vidyamAna vaha agni hai, jo jala kI pracaMDa laharoM ke bhISaNa saMgharSaNa se utpanna hotI hai| paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra yahI agni samudra ko niyaMtrita rakhatI hai aura usameM bAr3ha nahIM Ane detI hai| 'anta:agni' vaha hai, jo prAya: prakaTarUpa meM na rahakara vibhinna padArthoM ke andara nihita hotI hai tathA paristhiti-vizeSa meM hI prakaTa hotI hai| aisI agni ke dRSTAntoM meM vidvAnoM ne jvAlAmukhI kI Aga, zamIvRkSa ('zamImivAbhyantaralIna pAvakam - raghuvaMza mahAkAvya, 3/9 tathA 'zamIgarbhAdagniM sanyasi' -taittarIya brAhmaNa, 1-1-91), meghoM meM nihita agni, jise taDit vidyut' bhI kahate haiM evaM sUryakAnta maNi Adi kI agni lI jAtI hai| tathA daivI agni' meM sUrya kI agni, jisake tApa se dharatI para jIvana kA saMcAra pratIta hotA hai evaM ulkA, dhUmaketu Adi pramukha haiN| vaidika paramparA meM yajJIya agni ko bhI daivI agni' kahA gayA hai, aura ise 'gArhapatya', 'AhvanIya' evaM 'dakSiNa' ye tIna bheda ginAye gaye haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti meM kaI paurANika caritra aise haiM, jo agni se utpanna mAne gaye haiM, yathA-- kArtikeya (agnibhuuH)| tathA draupadI evaM dhRSTadyumna jaise mahAbhArata ke pAtra bhI yajJa ke havanakuNDa kI agni se utpanna mAne gaye haiN| kintu maiM ina paurANika carcAoM meM na jAkara agni ke vaijJAnika AdhAravAle nirvivAda tathyAdhArita svarUpa kA ullekha karU~gA, jisameM jIvatvazakti sphuTarUpa se anubhUtisiddha hai| Adhunika vaijJAnika yaha kahate haiM ki AdimAnava ne kramaza: vikasita mAnasikatA ke pariNAmasvarUpa do sUkhI lakar3iyoM ko ragar3akara agni utpanna kI thii| isake pahile prAkRtikarUpa se jaMgaloM meM sUkhe bA~sa va lakar3iyoM kI ragar3a Adi se agni prajvalita hotI thI, kintu vaha manuSya dvArA apane prayatna se utpanna agni nahIM thii| jaina-paramparA ke anusAra jaba bhogabhUmiyA~ lupta hone lagIM tathA karmabhUmi kA yuga prArambha huA, to anna ko pakAkara kaise khAyA jAye? -isakI samasyA utpanna huii| taba prajAjana apanI samasyA lekara 'kulakara' ke pAsa gaye, jinheM 'prajApati' bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra ye 'kulakara' yA 'prajApati' ve vyakti kahalAte haiM, jo 'karmabhUmi' kA yuga Arambha hone para prajA ko zrama karake jIvanayApana kI vyAvahArika zikSAyeM dete the| taba 'kulakara' ne unheM kahA ki "mathidUNa kuNaha aggiN|" - (AcArya yativRSabha, tiloyapaNNatti', 2/1595) arthAt do padArthoM ko, do pattharoM yA do sUkhI lakar3iyoM Adi ko mathakara/ragar3akara agni utpanna kro| 00 10 prAkRtavidyA + aktUbara-disambara '2000

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yaha unakI maulika zodha thI, jo unhoMne prajA ko batalAI; isase agni utpanna kara usameM annAdi pakAkara bhojana karane kI paramparA pravartita huii| na kevala jaina-paramparA meM agni kI carcA hai, apitu vizva ke prAcInatama sAhitya' ke rUpa meM vizruta 'Rgveda' meM bhI RSigaNa agni ke bAre meM likhate haiM tvamagne:' -(Rgveda, 2/1/1) arthAt tumhIM agnisvarUpa ho| 'ariNI' -(Rgveda, 3-7-3) "araNistha yathA jyoti: prakAzAntarakAraNam / tadvacchandopi buddhistha: zrutInAM kAraNaM pRthak / / " - (vAkyapadIyam, 1/46) artha :- jisaprakAra araNi (zamI aura pIpala kI lakar3I) meM sthita jyoti donoM kI ragar3a se prakAzita hone meM kAraNa hai, usIprakAra buddhi (labdhi) meM sthita zrutarUpajJAna zabda ke prayoga se prakaTa hotA hai| isI bAta ko AdhyAtmikarUpa meM vyakta karate hue RSigaNa likhate haiM ___'brahma vA agni:' - (kauzItakI brAhmaNa, 9/1/5) artha:- paramAtmA agni ke samAna hai, teja:puja rUpa hai| vahnimUrti - (sahasranAma, 2/5) artha :- agni ke samAna Urdhvagamana svabhAva hone se athavA karmarUpI IMdhana ko jalAne se Apa 'vahnimUrti' kahalAte haiN| 'yo'gnau tiSThannagnerantaro....yasyAgni: zarIraM' - (bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad, 3/7/8) artha:- jo AtmA agnimaya sthita hai aura anagni se bhinna hai| vahI (agni) usakA zarIra hai| agni kA svarUpa uSNatAmaya hai, uSNatA hI usakA lakSaNa hai| jaisAki AcArya bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne likhA hai 'yathA agnerAtmabhUta uSNaparyAyo lakSaNaM na dhUma:' -(rAjavArtika, 1/13/8) artha:- agni kA AtmabhUta lakSaNa uSNatA hai, dhUmAdi nhiiN| phira bhI vidvAnoM ne isa agni ko anekarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai.. eko'pyagniryathA tArya: pArya: dALastridhocyate - (paJcAdhyAyI, 21637) ___ artha:- agni yadyapi eka hI hai, to bhI vaha (i) tinake kI agni, (ii) patte kI | agni aura (iii) lakar3I kI agni - isaprakAra tIna prakAra kI kahI jAtI hai| inheM brAhmaNAgni, kSatriyAgni aura vaizyAgni ke rUpa meM bhI jAnA jAtA hai| 'suddhAgaNI ya agaNI ya' - (mUlAcAra, 5/211) artha:- megha kI agni zuddha evaM 'brAhmaNavarNA' mAnI gayI hai, tathA sUkhI lakar3iyoM prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 40 11

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(ariNa) ko ragar3ane se utpanna agni 'kSatriyavarNA' mAnI gayI hai| 'araNI - (Rgveda, 3/7/3) kASTha- vizeSoM kI agni zuddha mAnI gayI hai / mahAn AdhyAtmika graMtha 'samayasAra' kI 14vIM gAthA kI TIkA meM AcArya amRtacandra likhate haiM- "saptArci: " arthAt agni sAta prakAra kI hai| ina sAta prakAra kI agniyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha 'amarakoza' meM nimnAnusAra milatA hai-- 1. kAlI, 2. karAlI, 3. manojuSA, 4. sulohitA, 5. sudhUmravarNA, 6. sphuliMginI aura 7. vizvadAsAkhyA / agnikAyika jIvoM ke bheda "iMgAla - jAla - accI - mummura - suddhAgaNI ya agaNI ya / avi evamAI ukkAyA samuddiTThA / / " -- (paMcasaMgraha 79, pR0 16, dhavalA pustaka bhAga 1, pR0 273, gAthA 152 ) arthAt aMgAra, jvAlA, arci (agnikiraNa ), muramura (nirdhUma aura Upara rAkha se Dha~kI huI agni ), zuddha - agni (bijalI aura sUryakAntamaNi 'yathArkakAMta : ' samayasAra kalaza, 175) se utpanna agni), aura dhUmavAlI agni ityAdi anya aneka prakAra ke tejaskAyika jIva kahe gaye haiM / cAra paryApti -- (1) AhAra, (2) zarIra, (3) indriya aura (4) zvAsocchvAsa paryApti -- aisI cAra paryAptiyA~ nAmakarma ke udaya se ekendriya jIvoM ko prApta hotI haiM / agaNI ya / " iMgAla jAla accI mummura suddhAgaNI ya vaNNAdIhi ya bhedA suhumANaM Natthi te bhedA / / " - (vahI, jIvasamAsa 77 ) arthAt jvAlA, arci (agnikiraNa ), muramura (nirdhUma rAkha se Dha~kI huI agni ), zuddha - agni (bijalI aura sUryakAntamaNi se prApta agni), aura dhUmavAlI agni ityAdi sthUla agni ke bheda kahe gaye haiM / ye bheda sUkSma agni ke nahIM haiN| (sUkSma agni to aneka prakAra kI hai) / yahI bAta AcArya amRtacaMdra bhI likhate haiM "jvAlAGgArAstathArcizca murmuraH zuddha eva ca / agnizcetyAdikA jJeyA jIvA jvalanakAyikA / / " - ( tattvArthasAra 2/64 ) isIliye agni ko jIva mAnate huye jaina paramparA meM agnikAyika jIvoM kI virAdhanA ko pApa mAnA gayA hai aura pratikramaNa karate samaya usake prati kheda vyakta kiyA gayA hai -- "puDhavI - jalaggivAU te vi vaNapphadI ya viyalatayA / je je virAhidA khula micchA me dukkaDaM haoNjja / / " - (kallANAloyaNaM, 16 ) artha :pRthvIkAyika jIva, jalakAyika jIva, agnikAyika jIva, vAsayukAyika jIva, vanaspatikAyika jIva aura vikalatraya jIvoM meM se jo-jo mujhase virAdhanA ho gaye hoM, unakI virAdhanA se honevAlA saba pApa merA mithyA ho / 00 12 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara -disambara 2000

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isIkAraNa jaina - paramparA meM yaha bhI kaha diyA ki jo agnikAyika jIvoM kI sattA nahIM mAnatA hai, vaha mithyAdRSTi hai tathA samyagdRSTi jIva inakI sattA ko avazya mAnate "je teukAya jIve adisaddahadi jiNehi paNNattaM / atthi / / " uvaladdhapuNNapAvassa tassuvaTThANA -- (AcArya kundakunda, mUlAcAra 10/140 ) artha :jo tIrthaMkara deva ne kahe huye agnikAyika jIvoM ko aura tadAzrita sUkSma jIvoM ke Upara zraddhAna rakhatA hai tathA puNya-pApa kA svarUpa jAnatA hai, vaha mukti-mArga meM sthira rahatA hai / maharSi manu ne agni ko 'vairAgya kA pratIka' bhI batAyA hai 'anagniraniketaH syAt' - (manusmRti, 6/43 ) artha:- agni vairAgya kA rUpa hai ( arthAt virakta sAdhujanoM ko agni prajvAlana nahIM karanA caahie)| mahAtmA buddha ne bhI likhA hai ki ve sAdhu jIvana meM agni nahIM jalAte the"so tatto so sIno eko misanake vane / naggo na ca Aga asIno ekanApasuto muNIti / / " - ( majjhimanikAya, mahAsIhanAda sutta, 12 ) artha:-- kabhI garmI kabhI ThaMDaka ko sahatA huA bhayAnaka vana meM nagna rahatA thaa| maiM Aga se tApatA nahIM thA / muni avasthA meM dhyAna meM lIna rahatA thA / isa bAta kI puSTi isa vaidikapurANa meM bhI milatI hai - 'vahnau sUkSmajIvavadho mahAnM' - (skandapurANa, 59/9 ) 1) artha:- agni jalAne meM anekoM sUkSma jIvoM kA mahAn vadha hotA hai / yaha kathana yahA~ vizeSata: isaliye bhI mananIya hai ki yaha eka vaidika purANagraMtha kA ullekha hai / jaba DaoN. jagadIzacandra basu ne vanaspati meM jIva hone kI bAta kahI, to unheM isa sthApanA kA janaka hI mAna liyA gayA; kintu unase sahasroM varSa pUrva jaina AcAryoM ne vanaspati ko 'jIvakAya' kahA thA / kahA hI nahIM, amala bhI kiyA thA / jaina loga harI sabjI khAne kA niSedha 'aSTamI' aura 'caturdazI' tithiyoM ko Aja bhI karate haiM / ve usameM ekendriya jIva mAnate haiN| unakA yaha mAnanA paramparAnumUlaka hai, kisI Adhunika vaijJAnika kI sthApanA kA pariNAma nahIM / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki unakI paramparA svayaM apane meM Aja ke vaijJAnika tathyoM para kharI utaratI hai / 1 DaoNo bevasTara kI sthApanA hai ki "vanaspati meM atyanta zaktizAlI saMvedanA hotI hai|" rUsa ke prasiddha manovijJAnI bI0ena0 puskina ne apane anekAneka prayogoM ke bAda prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara '2000 00 13

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likhA hai ki "vanaspati meM bhI manuSya ke nAr3I-saMsthAna jaisA hI koI zaktizAlI tattva vidyamAna hai|" vanaspati kI hI taraha jainAcArya agni ko bhI jIva mAnate haiN| unhoMne use ekendriya ' (sparzana-indriyavAlA) jIva kahA hai| agni ke cAra bheda hote haiM- 1. agni. 2. agnijIva, 3. agnikAyika aura 4. agnikaay| 'agnijIva' vaha hai, jo pUrvakAya ko chor3akara agnikAyika paryAya ko dhAraNa karane ke lie vigrahagati' meM hotA hai| arthAt jo jIva abhI agnikAyika bana nahIM pAyA hai, bananevAlA hai| jisakI paryAya agnikAyika banane ke lie nirdhArita ho cukI hai aura jo agnirUpa dhAraNa karanevAlA hai; kintu abhI taka agnirUpa ho nahIM sakA hai| vaha cala par3A hai, rAste meM hai, pahu~canevAlA hai; aisA jIva 'agnijIva' kahalAtA hai| tathA vaha jIva jaba agni ko zarIrarUpa se grahaNa kara letA hai, taba vaha 'agnikAyika' kahalAtA hai arthAt agni hI jinakA zarIra hai, kAyA hai. ve agnikAyika haiN| tathA jaba jIva agni se nikala jAtA hai, taba vaha 'agnikAya' kahalAtA hai, jaise mRtaka zarIra / murde meM Aga lagAI jAtI hai| Aga dhU-dhU kara jalatI hai| zarIra rAkha ho jAtA hai| aura usakA jIva kisI anya paryAya meM praviSTa hone ke lie calA jAtA hai; taba vaha yaha 'agnikAya' saMjJA se abhihita hotA hai| yahA~ jaina-sandarbha meM agni ko samajha lenA atyAvazyaka hai| vikrama kI sAtavIM-AThavIM sadI ke dArzanika AcArya bhaTTAkalaMka ne likhA hai ki "agnikAyika jIva atyadhika kRpAlu hotA hai|" unakA kathana hai-- "nava vai pradIpa: kRpAlutayAtmAnaM paraM vA tamaso nivartayati" arthAt kyA Apa nahIM jAnate ki dIpaka apanI dayAlutA ke kAraNa hI sva-para ke andhakAra ko dUra karatA hai| eka manuSya dIpaka lekara andhakAra meM jAtA hai aura vahA~ prakAza phaila jAtA hai, jisase vahA~ maujUda sabhI vastuoM ko manuSya dekha sakatA hai| ___ jaina-paramparA meM agni meM jIvatvazakti hI mAtra nahIM mAnI gayI hai, apitu usakA saMsArI prANI ke rUpa meM vidhivat vargIkaraNa karake paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tadanusAra " agni ke cAra prANa hote haiM-- kAyabalaprANa, sparzanendriyaprANa, AyuprANa (utkRSTa tIna dina yA jaghanya aMtarmuhUrta), aura shvaasocchvaaspraann|| jaina-paramparA meM zarIra kI AMtarika asthi-majjAgata baMdha-vizeSa ko saMhanana' kahA gayA hai| pratyeka saMsArI prANI ke koI na koI 'saMhanana' avazya hotA hai| 'agni' ke 'saMhanana' ke bAre meM batAte hue likhA hai 'ekendriya..... asaMprAptAsapATikAsaMhananaM bhvti| -(tattvArthavRtti, 8/11) artha:- agni ke eka sparzanendriya tathA asaMprAptAsRpATikA' nAmaka komala saMhanana hai| 'agni' kA arthakriyAkAritva jaina-paramparA meM pratyeka padArtha meM 'arthakriyAkAritva' kI prakriyA mAnI gayI hai| isa 00 14 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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bAta kA prarUpaNa karate hue jainAcArya likhate haiM 'yadevArthakriyAkAri tadeva paramArthasat' - (kArtikeyAnuprekSA, bhASya 226) artha:- sat kA paramArtha lakSaNa arthakriyAkAritva hai| tathA 'sat dravyalakSaNam' - (tattvArthasUtra, 5/29) artha:- 'sat' hI dravya kA lakSaNa hai| 'anekAntamantareNa tasyArthakriyAkartRtvApapatte:' -(AcArya vIrasena, dhavalA 1/1/10, pR0 168) artha:- anekAntavAda ke binA usakA arthakriyAkAritva nahIM bana sktaa| jisaprakAra dIpaka ke bhItara ruI, Aga, tela aura pAtra meM tInoM virodhI aura bhinna-bhinna prakRti kI vastuyeM milakara kArya karatI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| _ 'ekasyAnekakAryadarzanAdagnivat' -(AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi: 9/3/79) artha:- agni ke eka hote hue bhI isake eka samaya meM aneka kArya pratyakSa dekhe jAte haiN| isI arthakriyAkAritva kI zakti kA prakriyAgata vyApaka citra jainAcAryoM ne bhalI bhA~ti citrita kiyA hai| agni kI khoja "jANadi passadi bhuMjadi sevadi phassiMdieNa eNkkeNa / kuNadi ya tassAmittaM thAvara-eiMdio teNa / / " ___ -(AcArya vIrasena svAmI, 'dhavalA' graMtha, 1/1/33) artha:- agni sthAvara-jAtivAlA ekendriya jIva hai, vaha apanI usI eka sparzanendriya ke mAdhyama se jAnatA hai, dekhatA hai, bhogatA hai, sevana karatA hai aura (apane samparka meM Agata IMdhana Adi padArthoM kA) svAmitva bhI karatA hai| agni ekendriya jIva hai| usake kevala sparzana-indriya hotI hai, kintu vaha kevala isI eka indriya se anya cAra indriyoM - A~kha, nAka, kAna aura mu~ha kA bhI kAma le letI hai| jainoM ke variSTha grantharAja 'dhavalA' ke racayitA ne isa kathana ko nimnalikhita zabdoM meM puSTa kiyA hai-- "sthAvara nAmakarmodaya se jIva eka sparzana-indriya ke dvArA hI jAnatA hai, dekhatA hai, khAtA hai, sevana karatA hai aura svAmIpanA karatA hai; isalie use ekendriya sthAvara jIva kahA hai| vaha liMga, cihna aura 'sparza' se jAnA jAtA hai, ata: eka hI indriya se pA~ca indriyoM kA kAma liyA jAnA saMbhava hai| isake atirikta upayogarUpa bhAvendriya kA kAma AkAra va vastu ko jAnanA hI hai| ekendriya jIvoM meM caitanya ke cihna spaSTa dikhAI nahIM dete aura ve cakSu kA viSaya nahIM bana pAte; kintu aisA nahIM hai ki ve cihna usameM hote hI nahIM haiN| usameM ve hote haiM, isIlie ekendriya jIva anya cAra indriyoM kA kAma bhI kara letA hai|" dhavalAkAra kA uparyukta kathana satya hI hai| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0015

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jainAcAryoM ne to agnikAyika jIvoM kI saMkhyA bhI spaSTarUpa se 'paDikkamaNa-sutta' (5) meM nirdezita kI hai____ "carittAyAro terasaviho parihAvido paMca mahavvadANi, paMca samidIo, tiguttIo cedi| tattha paDhamaM mahavvadaM pANAdivAdAdo veramaNaM, se puDhavikAiyA jIvA asaMkheMjjAsaMkheMjjA, AUkAIyA jIvA asaMkheMjjAsaMkheMjjA, teUkAiyA jIvA asaMkheMjjAsaMkhejjA, vAUkAiyA jIvA, asaMkheMjjAsaMkheMjjA, vaNaphphadikAiyA jIvA annNtaannNtaa||" isake anusAra agnikAyika jIvoM kI saMkhyA asaMkhyAtAsaMkhyAta hai| yahA~ yaha bAta jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki agni kI eka ciMgArI meM asaMkhya jIvoM ke asaMkhya zarIra haiN| hama una asaMkhya jIvoM ke ekatrIbhUta piNDa ko hI dekha pAte haiN| eka jIva kA zarIra to itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki hama use nahIM dekha skte| isameM kevala sparzana indriya hotI hai, bhale hI vaha anya cAra indriyoM kA kAma eka hI indriya se letI ho; kintu hai vaha ekendriya hI aura sparzana hii| yahA~ eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai ki pA~ca indriyoM meM sparzana ko prathama sthAna kyoM diyA gayA? isakA prathama kAraNa yaha hai ki sparzana sarvavyApI hai, jabaki anya indriyA~ aisI nahIM hai| sparzana-indriya pUre zarIra meM phailI hai, jabaki anya indriyA~ zarIra ke eka bhAga taka sImita haiM athavA zarIra ke eka hI sthAna para upalabdha haiM, anya sthAna para ve kArya nahIM kara sktiiN| dUsarA kAraNa hai- viSaya kI dRSTi meM zaktizAlI honaa| kisI bhI vastu kA pahale sparza hotA hai, phira rasa Adi kI pravRtti hotI hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya' (gAthA 3001) meM kathana hai- "saba viSayoM kA jJAna hone kI arhatA ke kAraNa ekendriya hote hue bhI kulavRkSa pA~ca indriyoMvAlA hai|" patajjali ke yogabhASya' meM likhA hai - "sparzana indriya pratyeka prANI ke sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hai|" isa eka sparzanendriya ke sAtha-sAtha kisI na kisI rUpa meM | vicArazakti evaM nirNaya kSamatA bhI usake hotI hI hai, bhale hI 'mana' unake nahIM hotA hai| __ AgamakAroM ke eka kathana ke kAraNa tIsarA prazna samutthita ho uThA hai| AgamakAra / sAkSAt draSTA the| unhoMne nirUpita kiyA ki ekendriya jIvoM ke matijJAna to hotA hI hai, zrutajJAna bhI hotA hai| zrutajJAna kA sambandha bhASA, zrotrendriya aura mana kI vikasita avasthA se hai, phira vaha ekendriya meM kaise hotA hai? vijJAna ke kucha prayogoM ne isa saccAI ko siddha kara diyA hai| eka vRkSa para 'paoNlIgrApha' yantra lagAyA gyaa| mAlI AyA, to usameM koI kampana nahIM huA; kintu eka lakar3ahArA apane kandhe para kulhAr3I rakhe AyA, to paoNlIgrApha' kI suI bhaya ke bindu para Akara kA~pane lgii| isase siddha hai ki vanaspati meM saMvedana hai, smRti hai, pahacAna hai aura dUsaroM ke manobhAvoM ko jAnane kI kSamatA hai| --ye saba zrutajJAna ke viSaya haiN| Maharan 10 16 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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sahasroM varSa pUrva jainadarzana ne isa satya ko pramANita kiyA thA / usake anusAra sArA zarIra sImitarUpa meM hara indriya kA kArya karane meM samartha hai| aMdhI kanyAyeM uMgaliyoM se par3ha letI haiN| kaise? vijJAna abhI taka nahIM jaantaa| vaha nahIM jAna sakA ki A~kha kA kAma uMgaliyA~ kaise kara letI haiM; kintu jainadharma ne isako samajhA thA / jaina AcAryoM ne 'saMbhinnasrotopalabdhi' kA varNana kiyA hai| yaha labdhi cetanA ko itanA vikasita karatI hai ki samUcA zarIra A~kha, kAna, nAka, jihvA aura sparzana kA kAma karane lagatA hai| vaha zarIra ke kisI bhI hisse se dekha sakatA hai, suna sakatA hai, cakha sakatA hai aura sU~gha sakatA hai| pA~coM indriyoM kA kAma samUce zarIra se le sakatA hai / sArA zarIra hara indriya kA kArya karane meM samartha hai| sparzana - indriyavAle jIva aura paMcendriya jIva meM koI antara nahIM hotA / donoM meM kriyAyeM aura pravRttiyA~ samAna hotI haiN| inameM sparzana - indriya kI pradhAnatA hI kAryakArI hai / agnikAyika jIvoM kI utkRSTa Ayu 3 dina-rAta hotI hai-- 'rattiM diNANi tiNi' (mUlAcAra, 11 / 59 ) / yaha jIva 'veda' (Sex) kI apekSA se napuMsakaliMgI hotA hai / - aisA ullekha jaina-granthoM meM aneka sthAnoM para milatA hai / bAhya rUpa se agni ke mahattva ko samUcA vizva jAnatA hai| gharelU kAryoM se lekara yuddha ke bhayAvaha astra-zastroM taka agni kA prayoga karate hI haiN| saMsAra agni ke mahattva ko jAnatA hai / agni ke upakAraka svarUpa para bhI vidvAnoM ne apane ciMtana prastuta kiye haiM / agni jalatI-jalAtI hai evaM prakAzita karatI hai - ye saba usake upakAraka svarUpa haiM / yahA~ eka prazna hai ki manuSya dIpaka ko lekara jAtA hai, to manuSya kA upakAra dIpaka para huA, dIpaka kA manuSya para nhiiN| isakA uttara hai ki manuSya dIpaka ko apanA svArtha sAdhane ke liye le jAtA hai / aMdhakAra meM vaha dekha nahIM pAtA; kintu dIpaka ke Ane para prakAza ho jAtA hai aura vaha dekhane yogya ho jAtA hai| niSkarSa hai ki dIpaka kA manuSya para upakAra hai 1 sAdhu kI kuTiyA sUnI hai, vaha aMdhakAra - grasta hai / jaMgala meM hone ke kAraNa kahIM se prakAza kI kSINa-rekhA bhI nahIM A paatii| usa kuTiyA meM dIpaka rAta bhara jalatA hai| svayaM ko jalA-jalA kara mRtyu kI ora agrasara hotA hai; kintu usako isakI cintA nahIM hai| vaha sUnI kuTiyA ke kone meM rajanI-bhara jalakara prasanna hotA hai / kavi jayazaMkara prasAda ne likhA hai, "sUnI kuTiyA ke kone meM rajanI-bhara jalate jAnA / " dIpaka rAtabhara aMdhare se lar3ate huye prAta: kAla bujhatA hai, vaise hI jJAnI loga ajJAna se jIvanabhara lar3ate-lar3ate aMta meM mokSa ko jAte haiM / al thama (AcArya mahAprajJa) ne 'agni jalatI hai' nAmaka apanI pustaka meM likhA hai ki "agni isaliye nahIM jalatI ki koI usa para paira rakha de aura vaha use jalA DAle / prAkRtavidyAaktUbara-disambara '2000 0017

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/ / agni isaliye jalatI hai ki loga use dekhakara sAvadhAna ho jaayeN| agni jIvana ko satarka banAtI hai| isI ke lie usakI racanA huI hai, jalAne ke lie nhiiN|" unakA kathana hai ki "agni isalie nahIM jalatI ki vaha saba kucha nigala jAye; vaha jalatI hai isalie ki caitanya meM se dhuA~ nikala jaaye| arthAt caitanya meM samAhita mithyAtva kA dhuA~ u~Ta jAye, vaha samyaktvI bana jaaye|" yaha kAma vahI kara sakatA hai, jisameM teja hai| agni meM eka tar3apa hotI hai, jisake kAraNa vaha apane ko anaMta kI goda meM utsarga kara detI hai, kintu jyotihIna banakara jInA nahIM caahtii| jIvana vahI hai, jisameM eka mahAna uddezya ke liye apane ko bhI homa dene kI tar3apa hotI hai| jIvana vahI hai, jisameM jJAna kI jyoti sadaiva jalatI rahatI hai| rASTrakavi maithilIzaraNa gupta ne dIpaka kI udAratA kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki pataMgA dIpaka kI lau para girakara jAna dene AtA hai, to dIpaka pataMge se hila-hila kahatA- "bandhu ! tU vRthA kyoM dahatA hai?" yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki "pataMgA girakara hI rahatA hai"; kintu dIpaka use bAra-bAra inkAra karatA hai| agni ke sandarbha meM jaina-granthoM meM kaI prazna mahattvapUrNa DhaMga se uThAye gaye haiN| jaise"agni aura IMdhana kA kyA sambandha hai?" ajJAnIjana kahate haiM ki "jo agni hai, vaha IMdhana hai aura jo IMdhana hai, vaha agni hai| pahale bhI aisA thA aura aba bhI aisA hai, tathA Age bhI aisA hI hogaa|" arthAt ve agni aura IMdhana ko eka mAnate haiN| isa sandarbha meM AcArya amRtacandra kA kathana draSTavya hai- "nAgniriMdhanamasti, nedhanamagnirastyagniragnirastIdhanamiMdhanamasti / nAgne-riMdhanamasti nedhnaasyaagnirstygnergnirstiidhnsyeNdhnmsti|" isakA artha hai- agni hai, vaha IMdhana nahIM hai, IMdhana hai, vaha agni nahIM hai| agni agni hai, IMdhana IMdhana hai| agni kA IMdhana nahIM hai aura IMdhana kI agni nahIM hai| niSkarSa hai-- paradravya paradravya hI hai, vaha mujha-svarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| maiM to maiM hI hU~ aura paradravya nahIM ho sakatA hU~; tathA paradravya paradravya hI hai, vaha AtmarUpa kabhI nahIM ho sakatA hai| arthAt AtmA AtmA hI hai, zarIra zarIra hI hai| donoM anAdikAla se jur3e haiM, kintu haiM pRthak-pRthak / AtmA aura zarIra ke dharma bhinna-bhinna haiN| agni ke anekoM prakAra ke dRSTAnta bhAratIya paraMparA meM pracalita rahe haiN| yathA'agniriva svAzrayameva dahanti durjanA:' - (nItivAkyAmRta, 1/4, pR0 172) artha:- duSTa vyakti agni ke samAna apane AzrayadAtA ko bhI jalA DAlate haiN| - yaha rAga Aga dahai sadA, tAteM samAmRta seiye|'-(chhddhaalaa) jaina-paramparA meM agni ke viSaya meM vividha kathana vividha sandarbho meM prApta hote haiM 'dIvAu dIvi pajjaladi batti' - (mahApurANa, 2/20) artha:- jaise dIpaka se dIpaka meM bAtI jalatI hai, isIprakAra vidvAn ko Age jJAna 1018 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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kA prasAra karanA cAhie / 'dIpArciSA kiM tapano na pUjya : ' - ( svayambhUstotra, 12/1 ) artha:- kyA loga sUrya kI AratI tuccha dIpaka se nahIM karate? 'dIpa - prakAzayoriva samyaktva - jJAnayo:' - (puruSArthasiddhi - upAya, 34 ) dIpaka aura prakAza athavA prakAza aura pratApa ( uSNatA ) jaise yugapat hote haiM, usIprakAra samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna yugapat hote haiM / agni ke liye anekaprakAra ke dRSTAMta aura upamAyeM bhI jainazAstroM meM milatI haiM, "yathAtra zuddhimAdhatte svarNamatyantamagninA / yathA-- mana:siddhiM tathA dhyAnI yogisaMsargavahninA / / " - ( jJAnArNava, 15/30 ) artha :jaise jagat meM suvarNa agni ke saMyoga se atyanta zuddha ho jAtA hai, usIprakAra yogIzvaroM kI saMgatirUpI agni se dhyAnI munirAja apane mana kI zuddhi ko prApta hotA hai / eka 'agnizikhA' nAmaka cAraNaRddhi kA ullekha bhI jainazAstroM meM milatA hai " avirahidUNa jIve, aggisihA- saMThie vicittANaM / jaM tANa uvari gamaNaM, aggisihA- cAraNA riddhI / / " - ( AcArya yativRSabha, tiloyapaNNatti, 2 / 150 ) artha:- agnizikhAoM meM sthita jIvoM kI virAdhanA na karake una vicitra agni - zikhAoM para se gamana karanA 'agnizikhA - cAraNaRddhi' kahalAtI hai| I lokajIvana meM agni ke mahattva ko kabhI nahIM nakArA jA sakatA hai / antaH rUpa se bhI agni kI bhUmikA kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / zarIra ke bhItara pAcana kA kArya 'jaTharAgni' karatI hai| yadi vaha manda par3a jAye, to pAcana meM gar3abar3a paidA ho jAtI hai / manuSya bImAra rahane lagatA hai / zarIra ke svAsthya ke liye pAcana ThIka rahanA Avazyaka hai| vaha mUlAdhAra hai / 'jaTharAgni' tIvra honI hI caahie| tIrthaMkara ko ananta bala-vIrya kA dhanI kahA jAtA hai / yaha bala aura vIrya sivAya agni ke aura kucha nahIM hotA / jisameM jitanI adhika Aga hotI hai, vaha utanA hI adhika bala-vIrya kA mAlika bana pAtA hai / vaha vyakti tejavAn hotA hai| tejasvI vyaktitva yadi eka ora AsamudrAnta sAmrAjyoM kI sthApanA meM sakSama ho pAtA hai, to dUsarI ora mokSalakSmI kA varaNa bhI vahI kara pAtA hai / saba karmoM ke chuTakAre ko hI mokSa kahate haiM aura samAdhiteja se karmoM se chuTakArA milatA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne 'svayambhU stotra' meM likhA hai- "svadoSamUlaM svasamAdhitejasA, ninAya yo nirdayabhasmasAtkriyAm / jagAda tattvaM jagaterpine'JjasA, babhUva ca brahma-padAmRtezvaraH / / 4 / / " jo apanI bhItara kI vikRtiyoM ko samAdhiteja se nirdayatApUrvaka bhasma kara detA hai, prAkRtavidyA + aktUbara-disambara 2000 0019

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vahI brahma pada kA adhikArI hotA hai aura vahI apane amRta-pravacanoM se du:khoM se prapIr3ita jaga ko mUla tattva se avagata karA pAtA hai| sandarbha-sUcI :1. ekaM sat' - (Rgveda, 1/164/46) __ sat kA paramArtha lakSaNa nizcaya se hI arthakriyAkAritva hai| 2. 'tathaivAcakSudarzanAvaraNIyakarmakSayopazamena sprshn|' -(niyamasAra TIkA, gAthA 14) 3. 'asaMkhyeyaM lokmaatr-sNym-prinnaamess:|' - (AcArya vIrasena, dhavalA, 1/1/120) 4. 'AU' iti pulliMgAMta: praakRtlkssnnvshaat| -(paNNavaNA, 367 malayagirI) 5. (1) pRthvIkAyika 7 lAkha, (2) jalakAyika 7 lAkha, (3) agnikAyika 7 lAkha, (4) vAyukAyika 7 lAkha, (5) vanaspatikAyika 10 lAkha / agni-viSayaka kavitA asta ho rahA sUrya socatA merA kAma karegA kauna? aMdhakAra ke mahA-udadhi meM jyoti-prakAza bharegA kauna? sabhI niruttara the, Atura the sabhI dIkhate the nirupAya, tabhI eka mATI kA dIpaka bolA banakara vizva-sahAya tuma prakAza ke puMja aura maiM nanhA-sA dIpaka zrImAn jaba taka antima sAMsa, karU~gA maiM prakAza kA hI guNagAna / mUla bAMglA racayitA - gurudeva ravIndra nAtha Taigora hindI anuvAda - DaoN0 zerajaMga garga ** zrutapaMcamI aura bAhahmI lipi "zubhe zilAdAvutkIrya zrutaskandhamavinyaset / brAhmInyAsa-vidhAnena zrutaskandhamiha stuyAt / / sulekhakena saMlikhya prmaagm-pustkm| brAhmIM vA zrutapaMcamyAM sulagne vA pratiSThayet / / -(paM0 zivAzAdhara, pratiSThApATha, 6/33-34) artha :- zubhamuhUrta meM zilAdi meM utkIrNa karake zrutaskandha kI bhI sthApanA kareM, phira brAhmI lipi ke nyAsa-vidhAna se zrutaskandha kI stuti kreN| sulekhapUrvaka paramAgama pustaka athavA brAhmI-lipi meM likhakara zrutapaMcamI (jyeSThazukla paMcamI) ke dina (zubhamuhUrta) meM usakI sthApanA kreN| ** 0020 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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bhAratIya darzana evaM jainadarzana -DaoN0 maMgaladeva zAstrI bhAratIya darzanazAstra kA itihAsa atyanta prAcIna hai| bhinna-bhinna samaya meM adhikArabheda se aneka darzanoM kA utthAna isa deza meM huaa| dRzya jagat ke samparka se vibhinna paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa manuSya ke hRdaya meM jo aneka prakAra kI jijJAsA utpanna hotI haiM, unakA samAdhAna karanA hI darzana kA mukhya lakSya hotA hai| jijJAsA-bheda se darzanoM meM bheda svAbhAvika hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM jainadarzana kA bhI eka pradhAna sthAna hai| isakA hamArI samajha meM eka mukhya vaiziSTya yaha hai ki isake AcAryoM ne pracalita paramparAgata vicAra aura rUr3hiyoM se apane ko pRthak karake svatantra-dRSTi se dArzanika- prameyoM ke vizleSaNa kI ceSTA kI hai| hama yahA~ vizleSaNa zabda kA prayoga jAna-bUjhakara kara rahe haiN| vastusthiti meM eka dArzanika kA kArya, jisaprakAra eka vaiyAkaraNa zabda kA vyAkaraNa arthAt vizleSaNa, na ki nirmANa, karatA hai, isIprakAra padArthoM ke sambandha se utpanna honevAle hamAre vicAroM aura unake sambandhoM ke rahasya kA udghATana karanA hotA hai| 'padArthoM kI sattA hamAre vicAroM se nirapekSa, svata:siddha hai'- isa siddhAnta ko prAya: loga bhUla jAte haiN| hama samajhate haiM ki jainadarzana kA anekAntavAda, jisako ki usakI mUlabhitti kahA jA sakatA hai, uparyukta mUlasiddhAnta ko lekara hI pravRtta huA hai| 'anekAntavAda' kA maulika abhiprAya yahI ho sakatA hai ki tattva ke viSaya meM Agraha na hote hue bhI usake viSaya meM tattadavasthA bheda ke kAraNa dRSTibheda saMbhava hai| isa siddhAnta kI maulikatA meM kisako sandeha ho sakatA hai? kyA hama "zrutayo vibhinnA: smRtayo vibhinnA naiko muniryasya mataM na bhinnam / " - (mahAbhArata) ___ "yasyAmataM tasya mataM mataM yasya na veda s:| avijJAtaM vijAnatAM vijJAtamavijAnatAm / / " -(kenopaniSat, 2/3) 'ityAdi vacanoM ko mUla meM anekAntavAda kA hI pratipAdaka nahIM kaha sakate? darzana zabda hI svata: dRSTibheda ke artha ko prakaTa karatA hai| isa abhiprAya se jainAcAryoM ne anekAntavAda ke dvArA dArzanika AdhAra para vibhinna darzanoM meM virodha bhAvanA ko haTAkara paraspara samanvaya sthApita karane kA eka satprayatna kiyA hai| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0021

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aneka avasthAoM se baddha, vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se padArthoM ko dekhane kA abhyAsI, manuSya kisI padArtha ke akhaNDa sakala-svarUpa ko kaise jAna sakatA hai? una akhaNDa mUlasvarUpa ko hama sacce artha meM "guhAhitaM gahareSThaM purANam" kaha sakate haiN| "pAdo'sya vizvA bhUtAni tripAdasyAmRtaM divi" (yajurveda, puruSasUkta) isa vaidikazrutikA bhI vAstavika tAtparya yahI hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki jainadarzana meM pratipAdita anekAntavAda ke isa maulika abhiprAya ko samajhane se dArzanika jagat meM paraspara virodha tathA kalaha kI bhAvanAoM ke nAza se paraspara saumanasya aura zAnti kA sAmrAjya sthApita ho sakatA hai| jainadharma kI bhAratIya saMskRti ko bar3I bhArI dena ahiMsAvAda hai| jo ki vAstava meM dArzanika-bhitti para sthApita anekAntavAda kA hI naitikazAstra kI dRSTi se anuvAda kahA jA sakatA hai| dhArmika dRSTi se yadi ahiMsAvAda ko hI jainadharma meM sarvaprathama sthAna denA Avazyaka ho to hama anekAntavAda ko hI usakA dArzanika dRSTi se anuvAda kaha sakate haiN| ahiMsA zabda kA artha bhI mAnavIya sabhyatA ke utkarSAnutkarSa kI dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka sAdhAraNa manuSya ke sthUla vicAroM kI dRSTi se hiMsA kisI kI jAna lene meM hI ho sakatI hai| kisI ke bhAvoM ko AghAta pahuMcAne ko vaha hiMsA nahIM khegaa| parantu eka sabhya manuSya to viruddha vicAroM kI asahiSNutA ko bhI hiMsA hI khegaa| unakA siddhAnta to yahI hotA hai ki "abhyAvahati kalyANaM vividhaM vAk subhaassitaa| saiva durbhASitA rAjan anaayoppdyte|| vAksAya kA vadanAniSpatanti yairAhata: zocati raatryhaani| parasya nAmarmasu te patanti tAn paNDito nAvasRjet parebhyaH / / " -(vidunIti, 2/77, 80) sabhya jagat kA Adarza vicArasvAtantrya hai| isa Adarza kI rakSA ahiMsAvAda (hiMsA-asahiSNutA) ke dvArA hI ho sakatI hai| vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA yA asahiSNutA IrSA-dveSa kI jananI hai| isa . asahiSNutA ko hama kisI andhakAra se kama nahIM smjhte| Aja hamAre deza meM jo azAnti hai usakA eka mukhya kAraNa yahI vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA hai| prAcIna saMskRta sAhitya meM pAyA jAnevAlA 'AnRzaMsya' zabda bhI isI ahiMsAvAda kA dyotaka hai| isaprakAra ke ahiMsAvAda kI AvazyakatA sAre saMsAra ko hai| jainadharma ke dvArA isameM bahuta kucha sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| uparyukta dRSTi se jainadarzana bhAratIya darzanoM meM apanA eka viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| cirakAla se hI hamArI yaha hArdika icchA rahI hai ki hamAre deza meM dArzanika adhyayana sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA se nikalakara vizuddha dArzanika dRSTi se kiyA jaaye| usameM dArzanika samasyAoM ko sAmane rakhakara tulanAtmaka tathA aitihAsika dRSTi kA yathAsaMbhava adhikAdhika upayoga ho| isI paddhati ke avalambana se bhAratIya darzana kA kramika vikAsa samajhA jA sakatA hai, aura dArzanika adhyayana meM eka prakAra kI sajIvatA A sakatI hai| 0022 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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digambara-paramparA ke manISI aura vartamAna sthiti -paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI digambara jaina-paramparA meM vigata do zatAbdiyoM meM anekoM aise svanAmadhanya manISI sAdhaka hue haiM, jinakI vidvattA, guNagarimA tathA anekavidha sAhityika-sAmAjika yogadAna ne yugAntarakArI itihAsa kA nirmANa kiyA hai| unakA yaha avadAna jAti-sampradAya-kSetra-kAla Adi kI saMkIrNatAoM se Upara thA, ata: sabhI ne use svIkAra kiyA aura usakI muktakaMTha se sarAhanA kI hai| Aja kI hamArI vidvatpIr3hI evaM usake utsAhavardhakoM ke lie yaza:kAya manISI sva0 prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI kI vaiduSyapUrNa, tathAparaka evaM nirbhIka mArgadarzana denevAlI lekhanI se prasUta yaha Alekha gaMbhIratApUrvaka paThanIya, mananIya to hai hI; pUrvAgrahoM evaM vaicArika saMkIrNatAoM se Upara uThakara svIkArane evaM apanAne yogya bhI hai| yadi samaya rahate hama nahIM cete, to hamAre pUrvaja vidvAnoM ne vaiduSya kI jo yazasvI paramparA sthApita kI thI, usakI prAya: itizrI hama svayaM dekha leNge| -sampAdaka bhAratavarSa ko darzanoM kI janmasthalI aura krIDAbhUmi mAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ kA apar3hajana bhI brahmajJAna, mokSa tathA anekAnta jaise zabdoM ko pada-pada para prayukta karatA hai, phira bhI bhArata kA darzanika pauruSazUnya kyoM ho gayA hai? isakA vicAra karanA jarUrI hai| hama dekhate haiM ki dArzanika pradeza meM kucha aise doSa dAkhila ho gae haiM jinakI ora cintakoM kA dhyAna avazya jAnA caahie| pahalI bAta darzanoM ke paThana-sambandhI uddezya kI hai| jise dUsarA koI kSetra na mile aura buddhi pradhAna AjIvikA karanI ho to bahudhA vaha darzanoM kI ora jhukatA hai| mAnoM dArzanika abhyAsa kA uddezya yA to pradhAnatayA AjIvikA ho gayA hai yA vAdavijaya evaM buddhivilaas| isakA phala hama sarvatra eka hI dekhate haiM ki yA to dArzanika gulAga bana jAtA hai yA sukhshiil| isa taraha jahA~ darzana zAzvata amaratA kI gAthA tathA anivArya pratikSaNa-mRtyu kI gAthA sikhAkara abhya kA saMketa karatA hai vahA~ usake abhyAsI hama nire bhIru bana gae haiN| jahA~ darzana hameM satya-asatya kA viveka sikhAtA hai vahA~ hama ulaTe asatya ko samajhane meM bhI asamartha ho rahe haiM, tathA agara use samajha bhI liyA, to usakA parihAra karane ke vicAra se hI kA~pa uThate haiN| darzana jahA~ dina-rAta Atmaikya yA Atmaupamya sikhAtA hai vahA~ hama bheda-prabhedoM ko aura bhI vizeSarUpa prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 1023

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se puSTa karane meM hI laga jAte haiM / yaha saba viparIta pariNAma dekhA jAtA hai / isakA kAraNa eka hI hai, aura vaha hai darzana ke adhyayana ke uddezya ko ThIka-ThIka na samajhanA / darzana par3hane kA adhikArI vahI ho sakatA hai aura use hI par3hanA cAhie ki jo satya-asatya ke viveka kA sAmarthya prApta karanA cAhatA ho aura jo satya ke svIkAra kI himmata kI apekSA asatya kA parihAra karane kI himmata yA pauruSa sarvaprathama aura sarvAdhika pramANa meM prakaTa karanA cAhatA ho| saMkSepa meM darzana ke adhyayana kA eka mAtra uddezya hai jIvana kI bAharI aura bhItarI shuddhi| isa uddezya ko sAmane rakhakara hI usa kA paThana-pAThana jArI rahe tabhI vaha mAnavatA kA poSaka bana sakatA hai / dUsarI bAta hai dArzanika pradeza meM naye saMzodhanoM kI / abhI taka yahI dekhA jAtA hai ki pratyeka saMpradAya meM jo mAnyatAe~ aura jo kalpanAyeM rUr3ha ho gaI haiM, unhIM ko saMpradAya meM sarvajJapraNIta mAnA jAtA hai| ora Avazyaka naye vicAra prakAza kA unameM praveza hI nahIM hone pAtA / pUrva-pUrva purakhoM ke dvArA kie gae aura uttarAdhikAra die gae cintanoM tathA AraNoM kA pravAha hI saMpradAya hai / hara eka saMpradAya kA mAnanevAlA apane mantavyoM ke samarthana meM aitihAsika tathA vaijJAnika dRSTi kI pratiSThA kA upayoga to karanA cAhatA hai, para isa dRSTi kA upayoga vaha vahA~ taka hI karatA hai jahA~ use kucha bhI parivartana na karanA par3e / parivartana aura saMzodhana ke nAma se yA to sampradAya ghabar3AtA hai yA apane meM pahale se hI saba kucha hone kI DIga hA~katA hai| isalie bhArata kA dArzanika pIche par3a gayA hai / jahA~-jahA~ vaijJAnika prameyoM ke dvArA yA vaijJAnika paddhati ke dvArA dArzanika viSayoM meM saMzodhana karane kI guMjAiza ho vahA~ sarvatra usakA upayoga agara na kiyA jAyegA to yaha sanAtana dArzanika vidyA kevala purANoM kI hI vastu raha jAyegI / ata eva dArzanika kSetra meM saMzodhana karane kI pravRtti kI ora bhI jhukAva honA jarUrI hai| digambara - paramparA ke sAtha merA tIsa varSa pahale adhyayana ke samaya se hI, sambandha zurU huA, jo bAhya- Abhyantara donoM dRSTi se uttarottara vistRta evaM ghaniSTa hotA gayA hai| itane laMbe paricaya meM sAhityika tathA aitihAsika dRSTi se digambara paramparA ke sambandha meM Adara evaM ati taTasthatA ke sAtha jahA~ taka ho sakA maiMne kucha avalokana evaM ciMtana kiyA hai| mujhako digambarI paramparA kI madhyakAlIna tathA uttarakAlIna sAhityika pravRtti meM eka virodha sA naz2ara AyA / namaskaraNIya svAmI samaMtabhadra se lekara vAdirAja taka hI sAhitya pravRtti dekhiye aura isake bAda kI sAhityika pravRtti dekhiye / donoM kA milAna karane se aneka vicAra Ate haiM / samaMtabhadra, akalaMka Adi vidvadrUpa AcArya cAhe vanavAsI rahe hoM, yA nagaravAsI; phira bhI una saboM ke sAhitya ko dekhakara eka bAta nirvivAda rUpa se mAnanI par3atI hai ki una saboM kI sAhityika manovRtti bahuta hI udAra evaM saMgrAhiNI rahI / aisA na hotA to ve bauddha aura brAhmaNa paramparA kI saba dArzanika 1 24 prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara 2000

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zAkhAoM ke sulabha durlabha sAhitya kA na to adhyayana hI karate aura na usake tattvoM para anukUla pratikUla samAlocanA-yogya gaMbhIra ciMtana karake apanA sAhitya samRddhatara banA paate| yaha kalpanA karanA nirAdhAra nahIM ki una samartha AcAryoM ne apane tyAga va digambaratva ko kAyama rakhane kI ceSTA karate hue bhI apane Asa-pAsa aise pustaka saMgraha kiye. karAye ki jinameM apane sampradAya ke samagra sAhitya ke alAvA bauddha aura brAhmaNa paraMparA ke mahattvapUrNa choTe-bar3e sabhI granthoM kA saMcaya karane kA bharasaka prayatna huaa| ve aise saMcaya mAtra se bhI saMtuSTa na rahate the, para unake adhyayana-adhyApanakArya ko apanA jIvanakrama banAye hue the| isake binA unake upalabhya granthoM meM dekhA jAnevAlA vicAra-vaizadya va dArzanika pRthakkaraNa saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| ve usa vizAla-rAzi tatkAlIna bhAratIya-sAhitya ke ciMtana, manana rUpa dohana meM se navanIta jaisI apanI kRtiyoM ko binA banAye bhI saMtuSTa na hote the| yaha sthiti madhyakAla kI rhii| isake bAda ke samaya meM hama dUsarI hI manovRtti pAte haiN| karIba bArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara 20vIM zatAbdI taka ke digambarIya sAhitya kI pravRtti dekhane se jAna par3atA hai ki isa yuga meM vaha manovRtti badala gii| agara aisA na hotA to koI kAraNa na thA ki bArahavIM zatAbdI se lekara aba taka jahA~ nyAya, vedAnta, mImAMsA, alaMkAra, vyAkaraNa Adi viSayaka sAhitya kA bhAratavarSa meM itanA adhika, itanA vyApaka aura itanA sUkSma vicAra va vikAsa huA, vahA~ digambara-paramparA isase bilakula achuta-sI rhtii| zrIharSa, gaMgeza, pakSadhara, madhusUdana, appayadIkSita, jagannAtha Adi jaise navayuga prasthApaka brAhmaNa vidvAnoM ke sAhitya se bhare hue isa yuga meM digambara-sAhitya kA usase bilakula achUta rahanA apane pUrvAcAryoM kI manovRtti ke viruddha manovRtti kA subUta hai| agara vAdirAja ke bAda bhI digambara-paramparA kI sAhityika manovRtti pUrvavat rahatI, to usakA sAhitya kucha aura hI hotaa| kAraNa kucha bhI ho, para isameM tanika bhI saMdeha nahIM ki pichale bhaTTArakoM aura paMDitoM kI manovRtti hI badala gaI aura usakA prabhAva sArI paraMparA para par3A, jo aba taka spaSTa dekhA jAtA hai aura jinake cihna upalabhya prAya: sabhI bhANDAroM, vartamAna pAThazAlAoM kI adhyayana-adhyApana-praNAlI aura paMDita-maMDalI kI vicAra va kAryazailI meM dekhe jAte haiN| __ abhI taka mere dekhane-sunane meM aisA eka bhI purAnA digambara-bhaNDAra yA Adhunika pustakAlaya nahIM AyA jisameM bauddha, brAhmaNa aura zvetAmbara paramparA kA samagra sAhitya yA adhika mahattva kA mukhya sAhitya saMgRhIta ho| maiMne digambara-paramparA kI eka bhI aisI saMsthA nahIM dekhI yA sunI ki jisameM samagra darzanoM kA AmUla adhyayana-ciMtana hotA ho| yA usake prakAzita kiye hue bahumUlya prAcIna granthoM kA saMskaraNa yA anuvAda aisA koI nahIM dekhA, jisameM yaha vidita ho ki usake sampAdakoM yA anuvAdakoM ne utanI vizAlatA va taTasthatA se una mUlagranthoM ke lekhakoM kI bhA~ti, nahIM to unake zatAMza yA sahasrAMza bhI prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 00 25

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zrama kiyA ho| ___ eka tarapha se paramparA meM pAI jAnevAlI udAtta zAstrabhakti, Arthika sahUliyata aura buddhizAlI paMDitoM kI bar3I tAdAda ke sAtha jaba Adhunika yuga ke subhIte kA vicAra karatA hU~, tathA dUsarI bhAratavarSIya paraMparAoM kI sAhityika upAsanA ko dekhatA hU~ aura dUsarI tarapha digambarIya sAhityakSetra kA vicAra karatA hU~, taba kama se kama mujhako to koI saMdeha hI nahIM rahatA ki yaha saba kucha badalI huI saMkucita yA ekadezIya manovRtti kA hI pariNAma hai| merA yaha bhI cirakAla se manoratha rahA hai jitanI ki ho sake, utanI tvarA se digambara paramparA kI yaha manovRtti badala jAnI caahie| isake binA vaha na to apanA aitihAsika va sAhityika purAnA anupama sthAna saMbhAla sakegI aura na vartamAna yuga meM sabake sAtha barAbarI kA sthAna pA skegii| yaha bhI merA vizvAsa hai ki agara yaha manovRtti badala jAya, to usa madhyakAlIna thor3e, para asAdhAraNa mahattva ke, aise grantha use virAsatalabhya haiM, jinake bala para aura jinakI bhUmikA ke Upara uttarakAlIna aura vartamAnayugIna sArA mAnasika vikAsa isa vakta bhI bar3I khUbI se samanvita va saMgrahIta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI vizvAsa ne mujha ko digambarIya sAhitya ke upAdeya utkarSa ke vAste kartavyarUpa se mukhyatayA tIna bAtoM kI ora vicAra karane ko bAdhita kiyA hai| (1) samaMtabhadra, akalaMka, vidyAnaMda Adi ke grantha isa DhaMga se prakAzita kiye jAyeM, jisase unheM par3hanevAle vyApaka dRSTi pA sakeM aura jinakA avalokana tathA saMgraha dUsarI paramparA ke vidvAnoM ke vAste anivArya-sA ho jaaye| (2) AptamImAMsA, yuktyanuzAsana, aSTazatI, nyAyavinizcaya Adi granthoM ke anuvAda aisI maulikatA ke sAtha tulanAtmaka va aitihAsika paddhati se kiye jAyeM, jisase yaha vidita ho ki una granthakAroM ne apane samaya taka kI kitanI vidyAoM kA parizIlana kiyA thA aura kina-kina upAdAnoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne apanI kRtiyA~ racI thIM tathA unakI kRtiyoM meM sanniviSTa vicAra-paraMparAoM kA Aja taka kitanA aura kisa taraha vikAsa huA hai| (3) ukta donoM bAteM kI pUrti kA eka mAtra sAdhana jo sarvasaMgrAhI pustakAlayoM kA nirmANa, prAcIna bhANDAroM kI pUrNa va vyavasthita khoja tathA Adhunika paThana praNAlI meM AmUla parivartana hai, vaha jaldI se jaldI krnaa| aMta meM digambara paramparA ke sabhI niSNAta aura udAra paMDitoM se merA namra nivedana hai ki ve aba viziSTa zAstrIya adhyavasAya meM laga kara sarva saMgrAhya hiMdI anuvAdoM kI bar3I bhArI kamI ko jaldI se jaldI dUra karane meM laga jAyeM aura prastuta kumudacandra ke saMskaraNa ko bhI bhulA dene vAle anya mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA saMskaraNa taiyAra kreN| 4026 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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prAkRta kAvya-zailIkA dUragAmI prabhAva -kalAnAtha zAstrI prAkRtabhASA ke sAhitya kI Aja ke yuga meM carcA prAya: gine-cune vyaktiyoM taka sImita raha gayI hai| tathA kucha vidvAnoM ke pUrvAgrahI pracAra se bhI bhAratIya bhASAoM evaM sAhitya kI prAkRta-upajIvyatA kA bodha naSTaprAya: ho gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM eka variSTha saMskRta vidvAn ke dvArA itara sAhitya meM prAkRta-sAhitya ke prabhAva ko darzAnevAlA yaha Alekha avazya hI paThanIya, mananIya hai tathA isakA samucita pracAra-prasAra bhI apekSita hai| -sampAdaka bhAratIya vAGmaya ne veda kI 'chAndasa' bhASA, klAsika saMskRta kI abhijAta bhASA, prAkRta, pAlI aura apabhraMza kI lokabhASAoM tathA Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke sAhitya taka abhivyakti zailiyoM, ukta bhaMgimAoM aura vidagdha-vacanoM (jinheM 'andAje-bayA~' kahA jA sakatA hai) kA itanA vaividhya dekhA hai ki usakA vizleSaNa tathA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sarala kArya nahIM hai| kucha abhivyakti vidhAyeM aisI haiM, jo veda meM bahutAyata se pAI jAtI haiM, vaidika zailI kI pahacAna haiM; kintu klAsikI saMskRta meM parigRhIta nahIM huIM jaisekiMsvidvanaM ka u sa vRkSa Asa yA kathA jAte kavaya: ko viveda kI praznottara-zailI yA pazya devasya kAvyaM na mamAra na jIryati meM vismaya-yojanA jabaki hamArI lokabhASAoM aura Adhunika sAhitya meM khUba phabatI rahI haiM, lagatA hai ve veda se prAkRtoM meM hotI huI Adhunika lokabhASAoM taka AI haiN| klAsikI saMskRta ke sAMgarUpaka aura zleSa jaise alaMkAra (sabhaMga aura abhaMga) usake apane haiM, jo anya bhASAoM meM utara hI nahIM sakate --pRthukArtasvarapAtraM bhUSitani:zeSa-parijanaM deva meM bhU+uSita, pRthu+kArtasvara aura bhUSita tathA pRthuka+Artasvara Adi vyutpAdita padagata sabhaMga-zleSa kevala saMskRta kA hI varga-caritra hai; anya bhASAoM meM yaha kSamatA nahIM hai| isake viparIta prAkRta aura apabhraMza Adi kI kucha lalita abhivyaktiyA~, jo hRdaya kI sahaja bhAva-pravaNatA se upajI tathA mATI kI sauMdhI gaMdha lie hue haiM, apanI alaga pahacAna rakhatI haiM, jo abhijAta saMskRta meM raca-basakara nahIM phaila pAIM, yA to anuvAda yA uddharaNamAtra taka sImita raha gaIM yA kucha kaviyoM aura kAvyoM meM hI raca-basa pAIM aisA lagatA hai (ho sakatA hai unakA sUtrapAta pAlI kI gAthAoM se hI ho gayA ho)| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0027

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yahI kAraNa hai ki unake abhivyakti-saundarya yA andAje-bayA~ se camatkRta hokara Anandavardhana se lekara vizvanAtha taka sabhI kAvyazAstriyoM ne prAkRta-gAthAoM ko rasa, bhAva, dhvani yA alaMkAra ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM khUba uddhata kiyA hai| bahuta hI uktiyA~ aisI haiM, jinheM dekhakara lagatA hai ki unakI paramparA abhijAta saMskRta meM nahIM mila sakI; ata: prAkRta se hI unheM uddhRta karanA adhika ucita jAna pdd'aa| inakA vizleSaNa yA vargIkaraNa kareM, to kabhI-kabhI ye do varga spaSTa lagane lagate haiM ki kucha abhivyaktiyA~ aisI haiM, jo mUlata: prAkRta-gAthAoM kI dena haiM; kintu saMskRta kAvyoM meM parigRhIta hokara Ama ho gaIM, kucha aisI haiM, jo prAkRta aura apabhraMza kI sImA taka hI rahIM, unakI bhAva-pravaNatA yA taralatA jise aMgrejI meM lirisijma' bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, saMskRta jaisI abhijAta bhASA meM usI bhaNitibhaMgI ke sAtha nahIM utArI giiN| usameM AbhijAtya athavA gambhIratA A gii| jisaprakAra Aja gambhIra, abhijAta vargoM meM bhI kabhI-kabhI bhAva-pravaNatA yA halkI-phulkI cuTIlI gudagudAnevAlI abhivyakti ke lihAja se lokabhASA kI yA urdU kI kAvyokti uddhRtakara vaktA apane bhASaNa ko sarala, caTapaTA yA prabhAvI banAne kA prayatna karatA hai; usIprakAra usa samaya prAkRta kI kAvyoktiyoM ko uddhata karane kI paramparA rahI hogI- yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| jaise Aja hindI, avadhI, urdU lokapracalita aura subodhya hai; usIprakAra prAkRta, vizeSata: sAhityika prAkRta sabhI samAjoM meM sahajabodhya rahI hoNgii| unakI kAvyoktiyoM kI bhaNitibhaMgI kA apanA alaga svAda rahA hogaa| vaisI uktiyA~ saMskRta meM bhI haiM avazya, kintu unakI paramparA saMskRta jaisI abhijAta bhASA meM utara nahIM pAI; jabaki urdU jaisI bhASAoM meM Aja bhI vaisA andAje-bayA~ dekhA jA sakatA hai| inameM se adhikAMza gAthAyeM gAthA-saptazatI meM, gAthAkoza meM yA vajjAlaggaM meM saMgrahIta ho gaIM, kucha saMkalita nahIM ho pAIM, vibhinna zAstrIya-granthoM meM uddhRta hI pAI jAtI haiN| gAthAsaptazatI para itanA gahana adhyayana ho cukA hai ki isakI gAthAoM kA prabhAva govardhanAcArya kI AryAsaptazatI para, jayavallabha ke vajjAlaggaM para, saMskRta ke kAvyoM para, bihArI kI satasaI para tathA bhAratIya bhASAoM ke anya kAvyoM para kisa prakAra parilakSita hotA hai? - isakA vyApaka vivecana bhaTTa mathurAnAtha zAstrI ne saMskRta gAthAsaptazatI kI bhUmikA meM, DaoN0 paramAnanda zAstrI ne gAthAsaptazatI kI bhUmikA meM, DaoN0 harirAma AcArya ne hAla para apane zodha-grantha meM tathA gAthA-saptazatI ke hindI-kAvyAnuvAda kI bhUmikA meM, paM0 vizvanAtha prasAda mizra tathA pro0 padmasiMha zarmA ne bihArI-satasaI' ke vivecana ke prasaMga meM tathA AcArya jogalekara jaise hindItarabhASI vivecakoM ne apane-apane granthoM meM sodAharaNa kara diyA hai, jise doharAne kI bajAya una pakSoM para prakAza DAlanA adhika ucita hogA, jina para adhika vivecana nahIM ho pAyA hai| isIlie hamane kucha aisI bhaNitibhaMgiyoM yA abhivyakti-zailiyoM kA namUne ke rUpa meM saMketa denA hI paryApta samajhA 00 28 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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hai, jinheM pratinidhi ke rUpa meM liyA jA sakatA hai| jisaprakAra lokakathAoM ke adhyayana ke lie unake moTIpha (Motifs) yA kathAtantu vizleSita kara unheM vibhinna bhASAoM meM talAzA jA sakatA hai, usIprakAra lalita sAhitya kI bhaNitibhaMgI kI eka vidhA (paiTarna) ko vibhinna sAhityoM meM AsAnI se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| eka udAharaNa se bAta samajha meM A jaayegii| viyoga meM yA prema kI apratyAzita samApti para purAnI bAtoM ko yAda kara, ve dina kahA~ gaye, ve madhuroktiyA~, ve vAde, ve kasameM kyA huIM' ityAdi abhivyakti-zailI jo Aja hindI, urdU Adi meM khUba sunane ko milatI hai, saMskRta ke abhijAta-sAhitya meM utanI nahIM miltii| yaha bhAva-tarala andAje-bayA~ prAkRta meM supracalita hai, jisakA eka udAharaNa hai yaha gAthA tANaM guNaggahaNANaM tANukkaThANaM tassa paeNmmassa / tANaM bhaNiAaM suMdara erisiaMjAamavasANaM / / -(kAvyaprakAza, caturtha ullAsa 102) teSAM guNagrahaNAnAM tAsAmutkaNThAnAM tasya premNa: / teSAM bhaNitAnAM sundara ! IdRzaM jAtamavasAnam / / yaha usakI saMskRta-chAyA hai| mammaTa ne alaga se saMskRta-chAyA likhanA Avazyaka nahIM samajhA; kyoMki usa samaya prAkRta supracalita aura subodhya rahI hogI, jaisA hamane pahale saMketa diyA hai| isameM jo rasa hai, vaha zailI kA hai| isane mammaTa jaise kAvyazAstrIya kA dila jIta liyA; kintu kisa rasa yA alaMkAra kA udAharaNa ise batAyeM, yaha cintana unheM jhakajhora rahA hogaa| unhoMne ise ekavacana, bahuvavacana Adi kA sAtha-sAtha prayoga karake rasa paidA kiyA jA sakatA hai, isake udAharaNa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| aura ve karate bhI kyA? yaha gAthA saptazatI meM saMkalita nahIM hai, kintu eka vAk-prastuti kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| yaha paramparA abhijAta-saMskRta meM gaharI nahIM paiTha pAI hai, prAkRta kI apanI hai; yadyapi isakA AdhAra lekara ekAdha saMskRta kavi ne ThIka yahI zailI aise zlokoM meM apanAI, jaise tAni sparzasukhAni te ca taralasnigdhA dRzorvibhramAstad vaktvAmbujasaurabhaM sa ca sukhasyandI girAM vkrimaa| sA bimbAdharamAdhurIti viSayAsaMgepi manmAnasaM tasyAM lagnasamAdhi hanata virahavyAdhi: kathaM vartate / / isameM yadyapi vaha taralatA nahIM hai, jo prAkRta meM hai| vaha taralatA bhaTTa mathurAnAtha zAstrI ke isa saMskRta ghanAkSarI chanda meM dekhI jA sakatI hai, jo isa gAthA kI paramparA kA eka sadasya lagatA hai prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 1029

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te kecidvilAsA: samudUDhaghana-sneharasA: te vai parihAsA ye prmodmvhnnho| tattatsamayeSu suhRdgoSThIsukhasaMbhRtAni tAni ramitAni yAni cintaamhrnnho|| maMjunAtha-nidhyAnena kimapi navInAnIva kautukamidAnImapi citte'jnynnho| kAnicitsukhAni yAni pUrvamanubhUtAnyapi saamprtmtiitvRttbhuutaanybhvnnho|| -(jayapuravaibhava, pR0 212) yaha zailI vrajabhASA, hindI, urdU Adi ke kAvyoM meM kaisI rasapravaNatA paidA karatI hai, Apa sabane dekhI hI hogii| kevala uktibhaMgI dvArA taralatA paidA karanevAlI aisI zailI kA eka aura udAharaNa hai sajjana kI zAlIna-prakRti kA yaha citraNa suaNo Na kuppai ccia aha kuppai vippiyaM Na ciNtei| aha ciMtei Na jaMpai aha jaMpai lajjio hoi|| 3/50 bhaTTa mathurAnAtha zAstrI ne isakA samachandonuvAda isaprakAra kiyA hai kupyatyeva na sujano yadi kupyati vipriyaM na cintyti| yadi cintayati na kathayati yadi kathayati lajjito bhvti|| ___ yaha zailI to ukti-vicchatti-mAtra se camatkAra paidA karatI hai, kintu lokajIvana ke paryavekSaNa se bimba lekara kuTilajanoM kA khAkA khIMcanevAlI kucha uktiyA~ prAkRta se hI saMskRta ke subhASitoM meM gaI hoMgI, aisA lagatA hai| darpaNa kI saphAI rAkha se kI jAtI thii| isa bimba ko lekara vajjAlaggaM' kI eka gAthA duSTajanoM kA citraNa ina zabdoM meM karatI hai-- suaNo suddhasubhAo mailIjaMto vi dujjnnjnnenn| chAreNa dappaNo via ahiyayaraM nimmalo hoi|| 33 / / ThIka yahI bAta kAlajayI gadyakAra subandhu ne saMskRta meM kaha dI hai hasta iva bhUtimalino yathA-yathA laMghayati khala: sujanam / darpaNamiva taM kurute tathA-tathA nirmalacchAyam / / aba inameM kauna upajIvya rahA hai, kauna upajIvI, --isakA nirNaya bhalA kauna kara sakatA hai? sambhAvanAyeM donoM hI taraha kI haiN| subandhu kI AryA pahale maulikarUpa se udbhUta huI ho tathA prAkRta meM usakA upajIvana kiyA gayA ho, yaha bhI sambhava hai; kyoMki 'vajjAlaggaM' ke saMgrahakAra jayavallabha sUri kA samaya 5vIM sadI I0 se lekara 12vIM sadI taka kabhI bhI ho sakatA hai aisA vidvAnoM kA niSkarSa hai| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki gAthAoM kI prAkRta meM supracalita paramparA ke krama meM subandhu ne ise par3hA ho aura grahaNa kiyA ho, kyoMki 'kA~ca kI saphAI' kI bAta tathA AryA chanda, ye sabhI prAkRta aura lokajIvana meM race base hone ke kAraNa usake apane lagate haiN| yaha avazya spaSTa lagatA hai ki prathama do abhivyakti bhaMgimAyeM prAkRta taka hI sImita rahIM, sajjana-durjana vAlI 00 30 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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saMskRta meM bhI raca basa gii| isIprakAra kA bimba hai, mRdaMga ke pur3e para ATA lagAkara use lacIlA banAne kaa| ise lekara gAthA kahatI hai ki svArthI mitra ko jaba taka Apase phAyadA hai, Apake sura meM bolegA, phAyadA na ho, to besurA bolane lagegA aulINo domuhao tA mahuro bhoaNaM mukhe jaav| murao vva khalo jiNNammi bhoaNe virasamArasai / / 3/53 bhaTTa mathurAnAtha zAstrI ne ise AryA chanda meM isaprakAra DhAlA hai akulIno'tha dvimukhastAvanmadhuro'nnamAnane yAvat / jIrNe'nne tu muraja iva pizuno bata virasamArasati / / isI Azaya kA yaha subhASita sadiyoM se paNDitoM ke kaMTha meM basA huA hai-- ko na yAti vazaM loke mukhe piMDena puurit:|| mRdaMgo mukhalepena madhuraM kurute dhvanim / / __yaha to bAta huI lokajIvana ke dainandina anubhavoM para AdhArita prekSaNoM kii| vAgvicchatti kI ora vApasa lauTate hue gAthA kI eka zailI kI ora dhyAna AkarSita karanA caahuuNgaa| gAthAkAra isa bAta ko ki vidvAn aura guNI loga adhikatara nirdhana hote haiM, jabaki anapar3ha karor3apati dekhe gaye haiM--dAridrya ko sambodhita karake aise abhivyakta karatA hai- je je gaNiNo je je ca cAiNo je viyddddhvinnnnaannaa| dAridda re viakkhaNa tANa tumaM sANurAo si|| 7/71 'AryA' chanda meM yaha isaprakAra hogA ye ye guNino ye ye ca dAnino ye vidgdhvijnyaanaa:| dAridrya re vicakSaNa teSAM tvaM sAnurAgamasi / / -(bhaTTa mathurAnAtha zAstrI) isa bAta ko abhijAta saMskRta meM isI kA AdhAra lekara isaprakAra kahA gayA hai-- dAridrya bhostvaM paramaM viveki guNAdhike puMsi sadAnuraktam / vidyAvihIne guNavarjite ca muhUrtamAnaM na ratiM krossi|| yaha bhAva 'vajjAlaggaM' meM bhI saMkalita hai| ise par3hakara hameM kavIndra ravIndra kI vaha ukti sadA yAda A jAtI hai, jisameM ve dImaka se kahate haiM--"tuma sA prabuddha pAThaka koI nahIM hogA, pustaka ke usI hisse ko caTa kara jAtI ho, jisameM sabase adhika pate kI bAta chapI hotI hai|" ___isaprakAra bhaNitibhaMgI ke kucha prArUpa (paiTarna) aise haiM, jo prAkRta ko apanI pahacAna haiM, abhijAta bhASAoM meM bhI usakA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha AdAna-pradAna kAvyoktiyoM ke itihAsa meM dilacaspa adhyayana kA viSaya bana sakatA hai| isake atirikta kucha kavi kalpanAyeM bhI aisI haiM, jo mUlata: prAkRta-gAthAoM meM udbhUta huIM aura jinakI gUMja Aja taka vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM sunI jA sakatI hai| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 40 31

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nAyikA apanA Upara khIMcakara utAre jAnevAlA kaMcuka utAra rahI hai, usake haTate jAne se mukhacandra ke bhAga AhistA-AhistA dikhalAI dete jAte haiN| gAthAkAra kahatA hai ki dvitIyA se lekara pUrNimA taka kI candrakalAoM kA eka hI samaya najArA dekhanA ho to dRzya dekha lo- jai kottiosi suMdara saltihi-cNd-dsnnsuhaannN| tA masiNaM moijjaMta-kaMcuaM pekkhasu muhaM se|| sundara yadi kautukito'si sakalatithicandradarzana-sukhAnAm / tanmocyamAnakaJcukamIkSasva mukhaM masRNamasyA: / / -(bhaTTa zrI mathurAnAtha zAstrikRta samacchando'nuvAda) yaha kalpanA aura abhivyakti donoM hRdayAvarjaka haiN| isa ukti kI gUMja Apako hara bhASA ke sAhitya meM mila jaaegii| pichale dino yesudAsa kA gAyA eka gAnA, jo eka dohe se zurU hotA hai, hamane sunA thA, jisameM yahI bAta kahI gaI hai saba tithiyana kA candramA dekhA cAho Aja / dhIre-dhIre bUMghaTA sarakAo saratAja / / abhivyakti kI tarala-zailI kA eka anya namUnA prAkRta-gAthAoM se lekara Aja kI navInatama urdU zAyarI taka meM lokapriya huA hai| priya ko pAtI likhane kA prayatna karate ho bhAva-vihvala ho jAne kI vivazatA sambodhana se Age kucha likhane hI nahIM detI vevirasiNNa-karaMguli-parigaha-khalia lehnniimgge| sotyi vvia Na samappai piyaahi lehammi kiM lihimo|| 3/44 bhaTTa mathurAnAtha zAstrI ne isakA samacchandonuvAda isaprakAra kiyA hai kmprsvinn-kraaNguliprigrhskhlit-lekhnii-maarge| svastyeva pUryate no priyasakhi lekhe likhAma: kim / / yaha zailI patiyA meM kaise likhU, likhI hI na jAI' jaisI saikar3oM gItiyoM, muktakoM aura zeroM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| mUlata: yaha lokabhAvanA kI abhivyakti hai, klAsikI sAhitya kI abhijAta-zailI meM kama hI milegii| vaise aisA bahutAyata se huA hai ki lokabhASAoM kI aisI abhivyaktiyoM ko abhijAta-sAhitya ne anUdita yA uddhRta kara apane sAhitya meM camatkAra paidA karane kA prayAsa kiyA ho| isake udAharaNasvarUpa paM0 candradhara zarmA 'gulerI' ne apabhraMza kI kucha abhivyaktiyoM ko abhijAta-sAhitya ke mUla-preraka ke rUpa meM uddhata aura vizleSita kiyA hai, jinameM sUradAsa aura kRSNa kA vaha mithaka bhI zAmila hai ki sUradAsa kA hAtha pakar3akara kRSNa ne unheM rAstA pAra karavAyA; para jaba ve acAnaka hAtha chur3Akara cale gaye, to sUradAsa ne kahA hAtha chur3Ae jAta ho nibala jAna kai mohi| hiradai se jaba jAhuge sabala badauMge tohi / / 0032 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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hai isa abhivyakti kA utsa bilvamaMgala kA isI bhAva kA yaha zloka batAyA gayA hai hastamAcchidya yAtosi balAt kRSNa ! kimadbhutam? hRdayAd yadi niryAsi pauruSaM gaNayAmi te| kintu gulerI jI ne muMja se sambaddha isa apabhraMza ke dohe ko sabake mUla meM mAnA bA~ha bichoDahi jAhi tuhu~ hau~ tevaMI ko dosu| hiaaTThiya jahi nIsarahi jANau muMja sarosu / / -himacandra) -(dra0 purAnI hindI, pR0 51) apabhraMza meM aisI atyuktiyA~ bahuta milatI haiM ki kauye ur3Ate huye virahiNI ke hAtha kI durbalatA ke kAraNa jo kaMkaNa philasate jA rahe the, usane jyoM hI priya ko Ate dekhA, to zeSa bace kaMkaNa usake acAnaka moTe ho jAne se TUTakara bikhara gye| Azaya yaha hai ki prasannatA kA bhAva Ate hI nAyikA aisI phUlI ki tatkAla hAtha kI cUr3iyA~ caTaka giiN| hemacandra dvArA udAhRta padyoM meM isIprakAra kI jabardasta atizayokti kA yaha dohA paM0 candradhara zarmA 'gulerI' ne uddhata kiyA hai vAyasu uDDatae piya diTThiya shstti| addhA valayA mahi gayA addhA phuTTa taDatti / / -himacandra) aisI atyuktiyA~ urdU meM bhale hI hoM, saMskRta meM yA prAkRta meM unakI koI sudIrgha paramparA nahIM rahI hai| vaise saMskRta meM saba taraha kI atizayoktiyA~ rahI haiN| paravartI lakSaNakAroM ne bhI kucha aise padyoM ke eka do udAharaNa diye haiN| ve aise dohoM ke prabhAva se gUr3ha bhI ho sakate haiM; jaise yAmi na yAmIti dhave vadati purastatkSaNena tanvaMgyA: / galitAni puro valayAnyaparANi tathaiva dlitaani|| urda meM virahiyoM ko virahatApa se jalate batAyA jAtA hai| sArA kA sArA jaMgala usase jala jAtA hai| virahiNI kI aisI hI dazAyeM bihArI ne bhI citrita kI haiN| aisI abhivyaktiyA~ apabhraMza meM Ama haiN| eka bAra to viraha se jalate pathika ko anya pathikoM ne jAr3e meM tApane kI aMgIThI ke rUpa meM istemAla kara liyA thA-- virahAnala-jAla karAliau pahiu paMthi jaM ditttthu| taM melahiM savahiM paMthiahiM so ji kiyau aggitttth|| -(hamacandra) yaha ganImata rahI ki prAkRta-gAthAoM meM jo nizchala aura yathArtha bhAvacitraNa kI pratimAna haiM, unameM aisI avizvasanIya atyuktiyA~ nahIM haiN| lagatA hai ye apabhraMza-kAla meM zurU huIM aura urdU jaisI bhASAoM kI zAyarI ne unheM zailI meM camatkArAtizaya ke saMdhAna kI lalaka ke kAraNa bahuta apnaayaa| abhivyakti-bhaMgimAoM ke itihAsa para aise adhyayana adhika nahIM hue haiN| ho sakatA hai, inheM sahI mAyanoM meM zodha na mAnA jAtA ho, kintu lagatA hai ina adhyayanoM kI apanI viziSTa sArthakatA hai| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara "2000 0033

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apabhraMza bhASA evaM usake kucha prAcIna sandarbha -pro0 (DaoN0) rAjArAma jaina apabhraMza-bhASA kA mUla utsa prAkRtabhASA rahI hai| vizeSata: sAhityika-apabhraMza kA mUlasrota to zaurasenI prAkRta' hI pradhAnata: rahI hai| yaha eka gaMbhIratApUrvaka mananIya evaM niSpakSabhAva se vicAraNIya tathya hai| isa tathya ke lie atyanta gahana adhyayana, anusaMdhAna evaM puSTa pramANoM se vidvAn lekhaka ne sakSamarIti se isa Alekha meM prastuta kiyA hai| yaha prayAsa na kevala paThanIya, mananIya evaM anukaraNIya hai; apitu abhinaMdanIya bhI hai| -sampAdaka vaiyAkaraNoM ne 'prAcya prAkRta' kI tRtIya avasthA athavA usake paravartI vikasita rUpa ko apabhraMza mAnA hai| vastuta: jaba koI bhI bolI vyAkaraNa evaM sAhitya ke niyamoM meM Abaddha ho jAtI hai, taba vaha kAvya-bhASA kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai| usakA yaha rUpa 'pariniSThata rUpa' kahalAtA hai aura yaha kAvya ke ramya kalevara meM suzobhita hone lagatA hai| prastuta apabhraMza-bhASA kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| balabhI (vartamAna gujarAta) ke rAjA dharasena dvitIya (678 I0) ke eka dAnapatra se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usake samaya meM saMskRta evaM prAkRta ke sAtha hI apabhraMza meM bhI kAvya-racanA karanA eka viziSTa pratibhA kA dyotaka prazaMsanIya cihna mAnA jAne lagA thaa| ukta dAnapatra meM dharasena ne apane pitA guhasena (559-569 I0) ko saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza-kAvya-racanA meM atyanta nipuNa kahA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki apabhraMza chaThavIM sadI taka vyAkaraNa evaM sAhitya ke niyamoM se pariniSThata ho cukI thI aura vaha kAvya-racanA kA mAdhyama bana cukI thii| ___ chaThavIM sadI ke uttarArdha meM apabhraMza ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna milaa| bhAmaha (chaThavI sadI) ne use kAvya-racanA ke lie atyanta upayogI mAnate hue saMskRta evaM prAkRta ke bAda tRtIya sthAna diyaa| yadyapi bhAmaha ne yaha sUcanA nahIM dI ki apabhraMza kisakI bolI thI yA kise isakA prayoga karanA cAhiye, phira bhI apabhraMza kA astitva chaThavIM sadI ke antima caraNa meM A cukA thA athavA apabhraMza ne kAvya kA paridhAna svIkAra kara liyA thA, isakA pUrNa nizcaya bhAmaha ke ullekha se ho jAtA hai| 40 34 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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mahAkavi daNDI (7vIM sadI) ne bhI zAstroM meM saMskRtetara zabdoM ko apabhraMza evaM kAvyoM meM AbhIrAdi kI bhASA ko apabhraMza mAnA hai| itanA hI nahIM, usane samasta upalabdha bhAratIya-vAGmaya ko saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM mizra nAmaka cAra bhedoM meM vibhakta kara bhAmaha dvArA apabhraMza ko dI gaI mahattA kA samarthana kiyA hai| usane apabhraMza-kAvyoM meM prayukta honevAle osarAdi chandoM kA nirdeza karake apabhraMza-sAhitya ke samRddha ho cukane kI sUcanA bhI dI hai| yahA~ isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA atyAvazyaka hai ki daNDI ne pracalita sAhitya ko cAra bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| bhASAbheda kA usakA dRSTikoNa nahIM hai| kucha loga bhUla se apabhraMza ko prAkRta se bhinna mAnane lagate haiM, kintu daNDI ne aisA kabhI bhI evaM kahIM bhI nahIM khaa| jisaprakAra zaurasenI yA pAli athavA mAgadhI 'prAkRta' kA eka prAcInatama rUpa hai, usIprakAra apabhraMza bhI prAkRta kA eka navInatama rUpa hai| vastuta: apabhraMza ne AThavIM sadI ke pUrva se hI eka aisA gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta kara liyA thA ki udyotanasUri (vi0saM0 835) ko saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza kI tulanA karate hue likhanA par3A thA- "aneka pada-samAsa, nipAta, upasarga, vibhakti evaM liMga kI durUhatA ke kAraNa saMskRta durjana-vyaktiyoM ke samAna viSama hai| samasta kalA-kalApoM kI mAlArUpI jala-kalloloM se vyApta, lokavRttAntarUpI mahAsAgara se mahApuruSoM dvArA niSkAsita, amRta-binduoM se yukta tathA yathAkramAnusAra varNoM evaM padoM se saMghaTita, vividha racanAoM ke yogya tathA sajjanoM kI madhuravANI ke samAna hI sukha dene vAlI prAkRta hotI hai| saMskRta evaM prAkRta se mizrita zuddha-azuddha padoM se yukta sama evaM viSama taraMga-lIlAoM se yukta, varSAkAla ke navIna megha-samUhoM ke dvArA pravAhita jalapUroM se yukta, parvatIya nadI ke samAna tathA praNayakupita praNayinI ke samullApoM ke samAna hI apabhraMza rasamadhura hotI hai|" apabhraMza-sAhitya aura usakA mahattva uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki chaThavIM sadI ke anantara apabhraMza se sAhityika racanAyeM hone lagI thiiN| vaise to isake pUrva se bhI sAhityika racanAyeM likhI jAne lagI thIM aura caumuha, droNa evaM IzAna ne mahattvapUrNa sAhitya-praNayana kiyA thA; kintu durbhAgya se vartamAna meM vaha anupalabdha hai| ata: upalabdha sAhitya ke AdhAra para yahI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki apabhraMza-sAhitya chaThavIM sadI se 11vIM sadI ke madhya pracuramAtrA meM likhA gyaa| vizeSajJoM ne isa kAlakhaNDa ko 'apabhraMza kA svarNayuga' mAnA hai| __ apabhraMza-sAhitya bhArata ke aneka prAntoM meM aprakAzita rUpa se pracuramAtrA meM upalabdha hai, kintu durbhAgya se usakA abhI taka pUrA lekhA-jokhA nahIM ho pAyA hai; kyoMki usakI khoja evaM sUcIkaraNa-prakriyA bar3I hI dhairyasAdhya, samayasAdhya, vyayasAdhya evaM kaSTasAdhya hai| yaha eka sarvamAnya sukhada Azcarya hai ki prAcInakAla se hI lokabhASAoM ko jIvanta banAkara tathA unheM sAhitya-lekhana-hetu sAmarthya pradAna karane meM kuzala jaina-sAdhakoM, prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 00 35

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jaina-AcAryoM evaM kaviyoM ne lagabhaga 65 pratizata se bhI adhika vivadhi vidhAoMvAle apabhraMza-sAhitya kA praNayana kiyA hai| itara sAkSyoM tathA navAMgI jaina-mandiroM meM surakSita unakI sacitra evaM sAmAnya pANDulipiyA~ tathA unakI prazastiyA~ isakA spaSTa udghoSa kara rahI haiN| deza-videza ke prAcyavidyAvidoM evaM bhASAvijJAniyoM ne use mIla-patthara mAnakara muktakaNTha se usakI prazaMsA kI hai| isa sAhitya kI aneka pANDulipiyA~ eziyAI evaM yUropIya dezoM ke aneka zAstra-bhANDAroM meM bhI yena-kena prakAreNa le jAI gaI haiN| vahA~ una (pANDulipiyoM) kI kyA sthiti hai? - isakI vistRta jAnakArI nahIM mila sakI hai| jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA jA cukA hai, usameM prAcya evaM madhyakAlIna itihAsa, saMskRti, samAja evaM lokajIvana kA vividha caritoM evaM kathAoM ke mAdhyama se sajIva citraNa huA hai| hindI evaM anya prAdezika bhASAoM evaM sAhitya ke vikAsa kI kathA kA parijJAna tathA lokAbhiprAyoM evaM kathAnaka-rUr3hiyoM kA adhyayana, apabhraMza-bhASA evaM usake sAhitya ke adhyayana ke binA sambhava nhiiN| ata: yaha Avazyaka hai ki unake bahuAyAmI vistRta adhyayana-hetu adyAvadhi aprakAzita apabhraMza-granthoM kI khojakara unakA tatkAla prakAzana kiyA jaaye| __ yUnAna, cIna, mizra, zrIlaMkA, dakSiNa-pUrva eziyA evaM araba dezoM ke upalabdha kucha loka-sAhitya kA adhyayana karane se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki koTibhaTTa zrIpAla; cArudatta, bhaviSyadatta, jinendradatta evaM acala jaise prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna bhAratIya mahAsArthavAhoM evaM unake rUpoM meM sAMskRtika dUtoM ke mAdhyama se aneka bhAratIya kathAoM kA yahA~ se ukta dezoM meM gamana huA hai| DaoN0 harTela, DaoN0 morisa viMTaraniTja', DaoN0 oTo sTena, DaoN0 kAlidAsa nAga, DaoN0 kAmatAprasAda, DaoN0 motIcandra evaM DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla Adi ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke niSkarSoM ke anusAra unameM adhikAMza jaina-kathAyeM thIM, jinhoMne una dezoM ke janamAnasa ke sAtha-sAtha vahA~ ke sAhitya ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA hai| vartamAna meM inake tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke mahatI AvazyakatA hai| ___ Aine-akabarI ke suprasiddha lekhaka abula-phaz2ala evaM 'khuzphahama' (samrATa akabara dvArA pradatta) upAdhidhArI vikhyAta jainAcArya bhAnucandra-siddhicandra gaNI (mahAkavi bANabhaTTakRta kAdambarI ke Adya TIkAkAra) ke kucha ullekhoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tatkAlIna pracalita kucha jaina-kathAoM kA phArasI meM bhI anuvAda kiyA gayA thA aura vahA~ kA sahasrarajanI-carita (Arabian Nights) kA mUlAdhAra kucha hera-phera ke sAtha adhikAMza vahI kathAyeM rahI hoNgii| madhyakAlIna vividha sAhityika zailiyoM kI dRSTi se to jaina-kathA-sAhitya kA mahattva hai hI, pUrvokta cArudattacarita, zrIpAlacarita evaM bhaviSyadattacarita jaise kathAkAvyoM tathA 0036 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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'mUladeva kathAnaka' ke mAdhyama se inameM vaidezika vyApAra, AyAta-niryAta, yAtAyAta ke sAdhana, jaladasyuoM tathA anya kAraNoM se sAmudrika-yAtrA kI kaThinAiyoM, udyoga-dhandhe, karAdhAna evaM kara-corI, zilpakalA-kauzala, sAmAjika rIti-rivAja, dhArmika andhavizvAsa evaM nara-nAriyoM ke vividha caritroM kI prAsaMgikatA aura samakAlIna vividha paristhitiyoM ko bhI prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| madhyakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsa ke vividha pakSoM ke lekhana kI dRSTi se ye sAkSya bar3e hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| _'puNNAsavakahA-prazasti' meM ullikhita candravADa-paTTana (vartamAna caMduvAra-grAma) ke varNana se spaSTa hotA hai ki 15vIM-16vIM sadI kA vaha eka pramukha vyApArika kendra thaa| vahA~ 84 bAra paMcakalyANaka pratiSThAyeM huI thiiN| kavi ke varNanAnusAra vahA~ bahumUlya hIre, mANikya, pukharAja, sphaTika Adi kI aneka sundara jaina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa evaM pratiSThAyeM huI thiiN| ye tathya raidhUkAlIna candravADapaTTana kI zrI-samRddhi evaM vahA~ ke nivAsiyoM kI sAMskRtika abhiruciyoM kI sUcanA dete haiN| vartamAna meM vaha nagara eka ujAr3a grAma ke rUpa meM raha gayA hai, kintu sphaTika Adi kI bahumUlya sundara mUrtiyA~ abhI bhI vahA~ khudAI meM upalabdha hotI haiN| ukta grantha kI prazasti ke AdhAra para candravADapaTTana ke atItakAlIna vaibhava kI khoja kI jA sakatI hai| ukta kathA-kAvyoM meM prasaMgavaza AcArya bhadrabAhu, samrATa candragupta maurya (prathama), samrATa azoka evaM samprati kI kathA bhI upalabdha hotI hai, jisameM jaina saMgha-bheda jaise aneka navIna rocaka aitihAsika tathya prApta hote haiN| vartamAna yuga caritra-saMkaTa evaM ghora naitika-hAsa kA yuga hai| mAnavIya mUlyoM kA usameM kSipragati se avamUlyana ho rahA hai| bhraSTa rAjanIti, jamAkhorI, ghUsakhorI, hiMsA-pratihiMsA, padalolupatA, U~ca-nIca evaM garIbI-amIrI kA bhedabhAva, zarAba-khorI, juAkhorI, milAvaTa, corI-DakaitI, hatyAyeM evaM balAtkAra Adi kukarma samAja evaM rASTra ko khokhalA banA rahe haiN| unakA samAdhAna ukta kathA-sAhitya kI soddezya likhita nIti-pradhAna evaM caritra-nirmANa sambandhI Adarza kathAyeM kara sakatI haiN| pA~ca aNuvratoM kA pAlana, sapta-vyasanoM kA tyAga, caturvidha-dAna kA mahattva, kaThora parISahoM kA sahana Adi sambandhI kathAyeM sarasa evaM sarala bhASA-zailI meM likhakara svastha samAja evaM rASTra-nirmANa kI dRSTi se apabhraMza ke jaina kaviyoM ne advitIya kArya kiyA hai| apabhraMza-sAhitya kA bhASA-zAstra evaM kAvyarUpoM kI dRSTi se jitanA mahattva hai, usase kahIM adhika usakA mahattva paravartI kAla-sAhitya-lekhana ko dena kI dRSTi se hai| apabhraMza ke prAya: samasta jaina kavi, AcAra, adhyAtma evaM dArzanika tathyoM tathA loka-jIvana kI abhivyaMjanA kathAoM ke pariveza dvArA hI karate rahe haiN| isaprakAra ke AkhyAnoM ke mAdhyama se apabhraMza-sAhitya meM mAnava-jIvana evaM jagat kI vividha mUka-bhAvanAyeM evaM prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 4037

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anubhUtiyA~ mukharita huI haiN| isameM yadi eka ora naitika evaM dhArmika AdarzoM kI gaMgA-jamunI pravAhita huI hai, to dUsarI ora loka-jIvana se prAdurbhUta aihika rasa ke madamAte rasasikta nirjhara bhI phUTa par3e haiN| eka ora vaha purANa-puruSoM ke mahAmahima caritroM se samRddha haiM, to dUsarI ora vaNikputroM athavA sAmAnya varga ke sukhoM-duHkhoM athavA romAMsapUrNa kathAoM se parivyApta hai| zraddhA-samanvita bhAvabhInI stutiyoM, sarasa evaM dhArmika sUktiyoM tathA aizvarya-vaibhava, vaivAhika utsava evaM bhoga-vilAsajanya vAtAvaraNa, vana-vihAra, saMgIta-goSThiyA~, jala-krIr3AyeM Adi viSayoM se sambandhita vividha citra-vicitra citraNoM se apabhraMza-sAhitya kI vizAla citrazAlA alaMkRta hai| __ nArI-jIvana meM krAnti kI sarvaprathama samartha cinagArI apabhraMza-sAhitya meM dikhalAI par3atI hai, jisakI prazaMsA mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jaise mahAn cintakoM ne bhI muktakaNTha se kI hai| mahAsatI sItA, rAnI revatI, mahAsatI anantamatI, rAnI prabhAvatI prabhUti nArI-pAtroM ne isa dRSTi se apabhraMza ke kathA-sAhitya meM eka navIna krAntikArI yazasvI jIvana prApta kiyA hai| mahAkavi raidhU kI 'puNNAsavakahA' racanA bhI apabhraMza ke kathA athavA AkhyAna-sAhitya kI dRSTi se apanA vizeSa mahattva rakhatI hai| ___ apabhraMza-sAhitya joiMdu kavi kRta 'paramappayAsu' evaM 'joyasAru' jaise muktaka-kAvya se Arambha hokara prabandhakAvya-vidhA meM paryavasAna ko prApta huA hai| yata: sAhitya kI paramparA sadaiva muktaka se hI Arambha hotI hai| prArambha meM jIvana kisI eka do bhAvanA ke dvArA hI abhivyaMjita kiyA jAtA hai, para jaise-jaise jJAna aura saMskRti ke sAdhanoM kA vikAsa hone lagatA hai, jIvana bhI vividhamukhI hokara sAhitya meM prasphuTita hotA calatA hai| saMskRta aura prAkRta meM sAhitya kI jo vividha pravRttiyA~ agrasara ho rahI thIM, prAya: ve hI pravRttiyA~ kucha rUpAntarita hokara apabhraMza-sAhitya meM bhI praviSTa huii| phalata: dohA-gAna ke sAtha-sAtha prabandhAtmaka paddhati bhI apabhraMza meM samAdRta huii| isa dRSTi se caumuha, droNa, IzAna, svayambhU, dhanapAla, paumakitti, nayanaMdi, vIra evaM vibudha zrIdhara jaise jJAta evaM aneka ajJAta evaM vismRta kavi pramukha haiN| sandarbha-sUcI :1. saMskRtaprAkRtApabhraMzabhASAtrayapratibaddhaprabandhararacanAnipuNatarAnta:karaNa...... --(Indian Antiquary, Vol. X, 284, Oct. 1881 A.D.) 2. zabdArtho sahitaM kAvyaM gadya-padyaM ca tddvidhaa| ____saMskRtaM prAkRtaM cAnyadapabhraMza iti tridhA / / - (kAvyAlaMkAra 1, 16, 28) 3. AbhIrAdigira: kAvyeSvapabhraMza iti smRt:|| ___ zAstreSu saMskRtAdanyadapabhraMza tyoditm|| -(kAvyAdarza 1/36) 4. tadetad vAGmayaM bhUya: saMskRtaM prAkRtaM tthaa| 0038 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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apabhraMzazca mizraM cetyaahuraaryaashcturvidhm|| - (kAvyAdarza 1/32) 5. saMskRtaM sargabandhAdi prAkRtaM skandhAkAdi yt| osarAdirapabhraMzo nATakAdi tu mishrkm|| -(kAvyAdarza 1/37) 6. dekhiye-- It will be clear from the above the Dandin is speaking of certain languages from the literature point of view and not from the Linguistic one. Hence, the bad logic of segregating Apabhramsha from the Prakrits, of whom indeed it is only the youngest phase just as (Shauraseni or Pali or Magadhi) is the oldest, may be excused in his case. (See-Bhavisadayattakaha of Dhanapala, Published by G.O.R.I. Baroda, 1967, Introd. Page 52) 7. "are, kayarIe, uNa bhAsAe evaM ullaviyaI keNAvi kiM pi| huM are, sakkayaM tAva Na hoi jeNa taM aNeya-paya-samAsa-NivAovasagga vibhatti-liMga-pariyappaNA-kuviyappasaya-duggamaM dujjaNa-hiyayaM piva visamaM / imaM puNa Na erisN| tA kiM pAyayaM hojj| huM, taM pi No jeNa taM sayala-kalA-kalAva-mAlA-jala-kallola-saMkulaM-loya-vuttaMta-mahoyahi mahApurisa-mahaNuggayAmaya-NIsaMda-biMdu-saMdohaM saMghaDiya-ekkekka vaNNa-paya-NANArUvavirayaNA-sahaM sajjaNa-vayaNaM piva suha-saMgayaM / eyaM puNa Na suThu tA kiM puNa avahaMsaM hohii hu~, taM pi No, jeNa sakkaya-pAyaobhaya-suddhAsuddha-paya-sama- visama-taraMga-raMgatavaggiraM NAva-pAusa-jalaya-pavAha-pUra-pavvAliya-giri-Nai-sarisaM sama-visamaM paNaya-kuviya-piya-paNaiNI-samullAva-sarisa mnnohrN|" -(kuvalayamAlAkahA--sampA0 DaoN0 e0ena0 upAdhye (bambaI, 1959), pR0 71, paMkti , 1-8 paryanta) 8. Jainas as possess an extremely valuable narrative literature which includes stories of every kind romances, novels, parables and beast fables, legends and fairy tales and funny stories of description. The sweatambara monks used these stories as the most effective means of spreading their doctrines amongst their countrymen and developed a real art of narration in all the above mentioned languages in prose and vase in kavya as well as in the plainest style of every day life. -(See- on the literature of the Swetambaras of Gujarat (Leipzig, Germany, 1922) Page 6) 9. All the events many agem of the narrative art of ancient India has come down to us by way of the Jaina commentaries and narrative literature which would otherwise have been consigned to oblivion and in other cases the Jainas have preserved interesting versions of numerous legends and tales which are known from other sources also. :-(See-History of Indian Literature (University of Calcutta, 1993) Page 487) prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 00 39

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nava-khiSTAbdi aSTaka -vidyAvAridhi DaoN0 mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA naye varSa para kIjiye, nayA-nayA sNklp| sadAcAra-satkarma kA, hove nahIM vikalpa / / 1 / / saukhya 'au samRddhi kA, sty-ahiNsaa-saar| isa para calakara saba kareM, jIvana kA uddhAra / / 2 / / zAkAhArI hama baneM, zAkAhArI desh| pazu-pakSI khuzahAla hoM, pA snmti-sndesh||3|| vyasana-mukta hara zvAsa ho, phaile zIla-sugaMdha / samatA ke saMcAra se, miTe dveSa-durgadha / / 4 / / prAmANika jIvana jiyeM, karake zrama saatty| hoya hRdaya se atithi kA, hara ghara meM Atithya / / 5 / / saMtoM kI ho vandanA, guNI-janoM kA maan| maMtroM kI anugUMja se, sabako ho kalyANa / / 6 / / ghara-ghara meM dIpaka jaleM, phaile prema-prakAza / hara vANI meM ghulI ho, amRtamayI mitthaas||7|| jJAna aura zraddhAna se, khuleM bhAgya ke dvaar| hara ghara meM hone lage, nitya maMgalAcAra / / 8 / / 0040 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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pajjuNNacarita -pro0 (DaoN0) vidyAvatI jaina prAkRta kI suyogya uttarAdhikAriNI apabhraMza-bhASA kA sAhitya atyanta samRddha hai| isameM vidvAn lekhakoM ne apanI pratibhA ke prayoga se anekoM camatkAra utpanna kiye haiN| aise hI eka adbhuta graMtha kA paricayAtmaka mUlyAMkana isa viziSTa Alekha meM viduSI lekhikA ne | prastuta kiyA hai| -sampAdaka 'pajjuNNacariu' pradyumnacarita-sambandhI apabhraMza-bhASA meM likhita sarvaprathama svatantra mahAkAvya hai| vaha jaina-paramparAnumodita mahAbhArata kA eka atyanta marma-sparzI AkhyAna hai| mahAkavi jinasena (prathama) kRta harivaMzapurANa' evaM guNabhadra kRta 'uttarapurANa' jaise paurANika mahAkAvyoM se kathA-sUtroM ko grahaNa kara mahAkavi siMha ne use navIna bhASA evaM zailI se sajAkara eka Adarza maulika svarUpa pradAna karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| jaina-paramparAnusAra pradyumna 21vA~ kAmadeva thaa| vaha pUrva-janma ke karmoM ke phalAnusAra nArAyaNa zrIkRSNa kA putra hokara bhI janma-kAla se hI apahRta hokara vividha kaSToM ko jhelatA rahatA hai| mAtA-pitA kA viraha, aparicita-parivAra meM bharaNa-poSaNa, sautele bhAiyoM se saMgharSa, durbhAgyavaza dharma-pitA se bhI bhISaNa-yuddha, vimAtA ke vividha SaDyantra aura anajAne hI pitA zrIkRSNa se yuddha jaise ghora-saMgharSoM ke bIca pradyumna ke vivaza-jIvana ko pAThakoM kI pUrNa sahAnubhUti prApta hotI hai| vividha vipattiyA~ pradyumna ke svarNima bhaviSya ke lie kharI-kasauTI siddha hotI haiN| kAlalabdhi ke sAtha hI usake kaSTa samApta hote haiN| mAtA-pitA se usakA milApa hotA hai tathA vaha eka vizAla sAmrAjya kA samrAT bana jAtA hai; kintu bhautika sukha use apane raMga meM nahIM raMga paate| zIghra hI vaha unase virakta hokara mokSa-lAbha karatA hai| kavi ne ukta kathAnaka ko 15 sandhiyoM evaM unake kula 308 kar3avakoM meM citrita kiyA hai, jo nimna prakAra haiM: sandhi- kula kar3avaka viSaya krama saMkhyA 1 16 kavi siddha dvArA svapna meM sarasvatI-darzana evaM unakI preraNA se prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0041

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2 20 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 10 21 14 14 17 15 17 23 18 19 24 23 28 17 24 28 30 42 grantha-praNayana tathA saurASTra - deza kI suramyatA kA varNana / kRSNa aura balabhadra kA kuNDinapura jAkara rukmiNI haraNa tathA zizupAla vadha / rukmiNI ke putra pradyumna kA janma evaM dhUmaketu-asura dvArA usakA haraNa / putra-haraNa evaM tatsambandhI zoka, nArada kA pradyumna kI khoja meM sImandhara svAmI ke samavazaraNa meM pahu~canA evaM unake dvArA pradyumna ke pUrva - baira kI kathA kA Arambha / pradyumna kA pUrvabhava- nirUpaNa evaM magadha deza kA varNana / pradyumna kA pUrvabhava-nirUpaNa evaM usa mAdhyama se ayodhyA evaM kauzala-narezoM kA saundarya-varNana evaM bala-nirUpaNa / nArada kA rukmiNI ko sandeza denA ki pradyumna kA meghakUTapura ke rAjA ke yahA~ lAlana-pAlana ho rahA hai tathA vaha 16 varSa pUrNa hone para vApisa AyegA / kumAra pradyumna ko solaha-vidyAoM kA lAbha / kumAra pradyumna aura rAjA kIlasaMvara kA paraspara meM bhISaNa yuddha evaM nArada dvArA yuddha ko rokanA / nArada ke sAtha kumAra pradyumna kA dvArakApurI ke lie prayANa evaM mArga meM duryodhana kI putrI udadhikumArI se bheMTa tathA pradyumna kA aneka rUpa dhAraNa kara kautuka karanA evaM satyabhAmA ke putra bhAnu kA mAna-bhaMga karanA / aneka prakAra ke kriyA-kalApa karate hue pradyumna kA apane pitAmaha ke sAtha meSa-yuddha, tatpazcAt kSullaka- veza meM apanI mAtA rukmiNI ke pAsa pahu~canA / pradyumna kA vividha rUpa banAkara dvArakAvAsI nara-nAriyoM ko parezAna karanA evaM balabhadra ke sAtha siMha - veza meM yuddha karanA / meM nArada dvArA yuddha banda pradyumna kA kRSNa ke sAtha bhISaNa yuddha, bA karAkara pitA-putra kA milana krvaanaa| pradyumna evaM bhAnu-vivAha, zambu- janma, subhAnu- janma evaM usakA vivAha aura zambu ke vivAha ke lie kuNDinapura ke rAjA rUpakumAra se yuddha / rAjA rUpakumAra para vijaya prApta kara unakI putriyoM se pradyumna evaM zambu kA vivAha / tIrthaMkara neminAtha dvArA dvArakA-vinAza evaM jaratkumAra ke dvArA zrIkRSNa kI mRtyu kI bhaviSyavANI tathA zambu, bhAnu, aniruddha, prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara '2000

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satyabhAmA, rukmiNI Adi kA tapazcaraNa evaM svarga-prApti tathA pradyumna kA mokSagamana / racanAkAla - nirNaya 1 : 'pajjuNNacariu' meM kavi ke janma - kAla yA lekhana - kAla ke viSaya meM koI sUcanA upalabdha nahIM hai / jahA~ taka hamArA adhyayana hai, paravarttI anya kaviyoM ne bhI usakA smaraNa nahIM kiyA / ata: usake janma yA lekhanakAla-viSayaka vicAra karane ke liye nizcita pramANa upalabdha nahIM ho sake haiN| kintu kavi ne apanI prazasti meM apane bhaTTAraka - guru evaM kucha rAjAoM ke ullekha avazya kiye haiM, jinase vidita hotA hai ki usakA samaya 12vIM - 13vIM sadI rahA hogaa| isake samarthana meM nimna tarka prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM (1) 'pajjuNNacariu' kI prAcInatama pratilipi Amera ke zAstra - bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai, jisakA pratilipi kAla vi0saM0 1553 hai / ata: isakI racanA isake pUrva ho cukI thI (2) kavi ne 'gajjaNadeza' arthAt 'gajanI' kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki mahamUda gajanavI ne bhArata meM jisa prakAra bhayAnaka AkramaNa kie the tathA somanAtha meM jo vinAza-lIlA macAI thI, bhArata aura vizeSa rUpa se gujarAta use kabhI bhulA nahIM sakatA / paravartI kAloM meM gajanI kI usa vinAza- lIlA kI carcA itanI adhika rahI ki kavi ne bhAvAbhibhUta hokara anyoktiyoM ke mAdhyama se athavA pradyumna evaM bhAnu, pradyumna evaM kRSNa Adi ke mAdhyama se usakI jhalaka 'pajjuNNacariu' meM pradarzita kI hai| yuddha meM prayukta kucha zastropakaraNoM ke ullekhoM meM bhI usake sAtha samAnatA hai| ukta mahamUda gajanavI kA samaya vi0saM0 1142 ke AsapAsa hai / (3) kavi ne arNorAja, ballAla evaM bhullaNa jaise zAsakoM ke nAmollekha kie haiN| bar3anagara kI vi0saM0 1207 kI eka prazasti ke anusAra kumArapAla ne apane rAjamahala ke dvAra para ukta mRta ballAla kA kaTA mastaka laTakA diyA thA / kumArapAla kA samaya vi0saM0 1143 se 1173 ke madhya hai / ata: ukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para 'pajjuNNacariu' kA racanAkAla 12vIM sadI kA antima caraNa yA 13vIM sadI (vikramI ) kA prArambhika caraNa siddha hotA hai / mUla praNetA kauna? `pajjuNNacariu' kI Adya-prazasti se spaSTa vidita hotA hai ki prastuta grantha kA mUlakarttA mahAkavi siddha hai; kintu isakI antya - prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki kinhIM prAkRtika upadravoM ke kAraNa vaha racanA vinaSTa arthAt galita ho cukI thI / ata: apane guru maladhArI deva amRtacandra ke Adeza se mahAkavi siMha ne usakA chAyAzrita uddhAra kiyA thA / uddhAraka mahAkavi siMha ne antya - prazasti meM svayaM likhA hai "eka dina guru ( maladhArIdeva amRtacandra) ne kahA "hai chappaya - kavirAja ! ( arthAt SaTpadiyoM ke praNayana meM dakSa he kavirAja), prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara '2000 0043

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he bAla-sarasvatI ! he guNasAgara ! he dakSa ! he vatsa ! kavi siMha ! sAhityika-vinoda ke binA hI apane dina kyoM bitA rahe ho? aba tuma mere Adeza se caturvidha-puruSArtha-rUpI rasa se bhare hue, kavi siddha dvArA viracita, kintu durdaiva se vinaSTa hue usake (siddha kavi ke) isa 'pajjuNNacariu' kA nirvAha karo; kyoMki tuma guNajJa evaM santa ho| tuma hI usa vinaSTa grantha kA chAyAzrita nirmANa kara sakate ho|" ukta kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki 'pajjuNNacariu' kI kavi siddha-kRta racanA pUrNatayA naSTa to nahIM, kintu kucha vigalita avazya ho cukI thI tathA usI rUpa meM bhaTTAraka amRtacandra ko upalapabdha huI thii| ata: usake uddhAra ke lie hI ukta bhaTTAraka dvArA kavi siMha ko Adeza diyA gayA thaa| vartamAna meM upalabdha pajjuNNacariu' siMha kavi-kRta pUrvokta chAyAzrita rUpa hai| kavi siMha ne 'pajjuNNacariu' ke uddhAra-prasaMgoM meM yadyapi karahi (15729/19), virayahi (15,29,27), Nimmaviya (15,29,33), raiyaM (15,29,35) jaise zabdoM ke prayoga kie haiM, kintu kavi ke aise zabda-prayoga bhI uddhAra ke prAsaMgika arthoM meM hI lenA cAhie. kyoMki siMha kavi ke guru ne svayaM hI use vinaSTa pajuNNacariu' ke nirvAha (NivvAhahi, 15,29, 17) kA Adeza diyA thA, tabhI siMha ne bhI use uddhariyaM' (15,29,29) kahakara usake uddhAra kI spaSTa sUcanA dI hai| __ aba puna: prazna yaha uThatA hai ki siddha-kRta 'pajuNNacariu' kyA samUla naSTa ho gayA thA yA AMzika rUpa meM? upalabdha pratiyoM kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki yadyapi samagra grantha kA praNayana to siddha kavi ne hI kiyA thA, kintu kinhIM ajJAta prAkRtika upadravoM ke kAraNa vaha vinaSTa athavA vigalita ho cukA thaa| sandhiyoM ke anta meM upalabdha puSpikAoM se vidita hotA hai ki prathama 8 sandhiyA~ to vigalita hone para bhI paThanIya rahI hoMgI, kyoMki / unameM kavi siddha kA nAma upalabdha hotA hai| ata: unheM siddhakRta batAyA gayA hai| kintu usake bAda ke aMza yA to sarvathA naSTa ho cuke the athavA galakara apaThanIya ho cuke the| bahuta sambhava hai ki una aMzoM meM kvacit kadAcit koI-koI caraNa, pada, zabda athavA kevala varNa hI dRzyamAna raha gaye hoM aura siMha kavi ne guru ke Adeza se kahIM to unakI dhUmila chAyA yA AnumAnita chAyA ke AdhAra para avaziSTAMzoM kA pallavana aura kahIM-kahIM truTita aMzoM kI prasaMgavaza maulika racanA kara usa kRti ko sampUrNa kiyA thaa| yadi aisA na hotA to siMha kavi yaha na likhate ki "jaM kiM pi hINa-ahiyaM viusA sohaMtu taM pi haya kvvo| ghiTTattaNeNa raiyaM khamaMtu savvaM pi mahu gurunno||" -(15/29/34-35) arthAt 'pajjuNNacariu' kAvya meM maiMne yadi dhRSTatApUrvaka hIna athavA adhika (aMzoM kI) racanA kara dI ho, to merI una samasta truTiyoM kA vidvajjana (Avazyaka) saMzodhana kara leM 0044 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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tathA mere gurujana merI samasta truTiyoM ko kSamA kreN| 9vIM sandhi se 15vIM sandhi taka kI antya puSpikAoM meM siMha kavi kA hI ullekha milatA hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki siMha kavi ne ukta antima 7 sandhiyoM kA pUrNa rUpa meM uddhAra athavA praNayana kiyA thA / ina pramANoM se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki pajuNNacariu kA mUlakartA kavi siddha thA aura usakA uddhAraka thA mahAkavi siMha / mUla granthakAra - paricaya jaisA ki pichale prakaraNa meM likhA jA cukA hai 'pajuNNacariu' kA mUla granthakAra mahAkavi siddha hai| usakA vistRta paricaya prApta karane ke lie paryApta evaM kramabaddha sAmagrI kA abhAva hai| 'pajjuNNacariu' kI Adya - prazasti se yahI vidita hotA hai ki usakI mAtA kA nAma 'pampAiya' tathA pitA kA nAma devaNa" thA / ukta prazasti se hI vidita hotA hai ki mahAkavi siddha sarasvatI kA parama bhakta thA / bahuta sambhava hai ki use vaha sarasvatI-siddha ho, kyoMki usane likhA hai ki "eka dina jaba vaha coroM ke bhaya se AtaMkita ho kara rAtri- - jAgaraNa kara rahA thA, tabhI use antima prahara meM nidrA A gii| usI samaya svapna meM usane zveta vastra dhAraNa kie hue, hAthoM meM kamala puSpa tathA akSasUtra grahaNa kie hue eka manohArI mahilA ko dekhaa| usane kahA "he siddha (kavi ) ! apane mana meM kyA-kyA vicAra kiyA karate ho?" taba siddha kavi ne apane mana meM kampita hote hue kahA 'kAvya - buddhi ko prApta karane kI icchA karatA hU~, kintu lajjita banA rahatA hU~; kyoM maiM tarkazAstra, chandazAstra evaM lakSaNazAstra ke jJAna se rahita huuN| na to maiM samAsa evaM kAraka jAnatA hU~ aura na sandhi-sUtra ke granthoM ke sArabhUta - arthoM ko jAnatA huuN| kisI bhI kAvya ko dekhA taka nhiiN| mujhe kabhI kisI ne nighaNTu taka nahIM pddh'aayaa| isI kAraNa maiM cintita banA rahatA hU~ / kintu (sAhitya - zAstra meM ) baunA hone para bhI sAhitya - zAstra rUpI tAla- vRkSa ko pA lene kI abhilASA hai / ( sAhitya - zAstra meM ) andhA hone para bhI nitya navIna kAvya- rUpI vastu dekhane kI icchA kiyA karatA hU~ / badhira hone para bhI sAhitya-zAstra rUpI saMgIta ke sunane kI AkAMkSA kiyA karatA huuN| merI yaha prArthanA sunakara vaha zrutadhAriNI sarasvatI bolI "he siddha ! apane mana se Alasya chodd'o| mere AdezoM ko dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlo, maiM (zIghra hI ) tujhe munivara ke veza meM Akara koI kAvya-vizeSa karane ko kahU~gI, taba tuma usakI racanA karanA / " tatpazcAt mahAn tapasvI maladhArI deva muni puMgava mAdhavacandra ke ziSya amayacandra bhaTTAraka vihAra karate-karate bamhaDavADapaTTna' padhAre aura vahIM para unhoMne mujhe (siddha kavi ko) 'pajjuNNacariu' ke praNayana kA Adeza diyaa|' isase yaha siddha hai ki kavi sarasvatI kA paramopAsaka thA / isake atirikta 'pajuNNacariu' meM aSTadravyapUjA ke prasaMga meM prAkRtavidyA + aktUbara-disambara 2000 0045

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kavi ne jala, candana ke pazcAt puSpa evaM akSata kA krama rakhA hai| isase yaha nizcita hai ki kavi bhaTTArakIya-paramparA kA zraddhAlu bhakta thaa| granda-racabA-sthala kavi ne yaha spaSTa hI likhA hai ki bhaTTAraka amayacanda (amRtacandra) ne unheM bamhaDavADapaTTana meM 'pajuNNacariu' ke praNayana kA Adeza diyA thaa| isase yaha vidita hotA hai ki kavi siddha ne usakI racanA vahIM baiThakara kI hogii| 'pajuNNacariu' ke anusAra bamhaDavADapaTTana vividha jaina-maThoM, vihAroM evaM ramaNIka jina-bhavanoM se suzobhita thaa| vaha saurASTra deza meM sthita thaa| bamhaDavADa kI avasthiti, jalavAyu tathA vahA~ ke nivAsiyoM kI suruci-sampannatA ne usa bhUmi ko sambhavata: sAdhanA-sthalI banA diyA thaa| inhIM kAraNoM se AcArya, lekhaka aura kavi vahA~ prAya: Ate-jAte, bane rahate hoNge| lagatA hai ki mahAkavi siddha bhI usI krama meM bhramaNa karate-karate vahA~ Aye hoMge aura saMyogavaza usI samaya jaba ukta amRtacandra bhaTTAraka bhI vihAra karate hue vahA~ padhAre, taba vahA~ bheMTa hote hI bhaTTAraka ke Adeza se unhoMne prastuta 'pajuNNacariu' kI racanA kI thii| mUla grandhakAra -bivAsa-sthala yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki kavi siddha kahA~ ke nivAsI the| kavi ne svayaM hI usakI koI carcA nahIM kI aura na usane apane kula-gotra yA anya viSayaka aisI koI carcA hI kI hai ki usase bhI kucha jAnakArI mila ske| kintu unake mAtA-pitA ke nAmoM kI zailI dekha kara yaha avazya pratIta hotA hai ki ve dAkSiNAtya the tathA unakA nivAsa-sthala karnATaka meM kahIM honA caahie| kyoMki siddha, pampa, devaNNa Adi nAma karnATaka meM hI prAya: dekhe jAte haiN| kavi ne apanI upAdhi ke rUpa meM muni, sAdhu, virata athavA tatsama aise kisI vizeSaNa kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki vaha gRhastha rahA hogA aura jJAna-pipAsA kI tRpti athavA vRtti-hetu bhramaNa karatA-karatA bamhaDavADapaTTana pahu~cA hogaa| kavi ne dakSiNa ke aneka dezoM evaM nagaroM Adi ke prAya: ullekha kiye haiN| inase bhI yahI pratibhAsita hotA hai ki kavi dAkSiNAtya athavA karnATaka-pradeza kA nivAsI rahA hogaa| guruparamparA evaM kAla ___ mahAkavi siddha ne likhA hai ki amRtacandra bhaTTAraka ne use pajueNacariu ke praNayana kA Adeza diyaa| isase yaha siddha hai ki amRtacandra bhaTTAraka hI kavi ke kAvya-praNayana meM preraka guru the| kavi ne unheM maladhArIdeva, munipuMgava mAdhavacandra kA ziSya kahA hai; kintu ve kisa. gaNa evaM gaccha ke the? - isake viSaya meM kavi ne koI sUcanA nahIM dii| ___ mAdhavacandra kI 'maladhArI' upAdhi se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ve mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvaya kI paramparA ke AcArya rahe hoMge, jinakA samaya 12vIM sadI ke lagabhaga rahA hai| kintu inakI nizcita paramparA evaM kAla kI jAnakArI ke lie nizcita pramANa upalabdha nahIM haiN| 0046 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara 2000

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maladhArI mAdhavacandra ke viSaya meM kavi ne likhA hai ki ve maladhArIdeva mAdhavacandra munipuMgava mAnoM dharma, upazamavRtti evaM indriyajaya kI pratyakSamUrti the| ve kSamAguNa, icchA-nirodha tathA yama-niyama se samRddha the| isa varNana se vidita hotA hai ki mAdhavacandra ghora tapasvI evaM sAdhaka the| sambhavata: unhoMne kisI grantha kA praNayana nahIM kiyA, anyathA kavi usake viSaya meM saMketa avazya krtaa| unake ziSya amRtacandra bhaTTAraka ke viSaya meM kavi ne likhA hai ki "maladhArI deva mAdhavacandra ke ziSya amRtacandra bhaTTAraka the, jo taparUpI teja ke divAkara, vrata-tapa, niyama evaM zIla ke ratnAkara, tarkazAstra rUpI laharoM se jhaMkRta, parama-zreSTha tathA vyAkaraNa ke pANDitya se apane pada kA vistAra karane vAle the| jinakI indriya-damana rUpI vakra-bhRkuTi dekhakara madana bhI AzaMkita hokara pracchanna hI rahA karatA thaa|" vidvAnoM meM zreSTha ve amRtacandra bhaTTAraka apane ziSyoM ke sAtha-sAtha nandana-vana se AcchAdita maThoM, vihAroM evaM jina-bhavanoM se ramaNIka bamhaDavADapaTTana pdhaare|"" kavi ke isa varNana se yaha to vidita ho jAtA hai ki amRtacandra bhaTTAraka tapasvI, sAdhaka evaM vidvAn the; kintu unakA kyA samaya thA. isakA patA nahIM cltaa| kavi ne bamhaDavADapaTTana ke tatkAlIna zAsaka bhullaNa kA ullekha avazya kiyA hai, jo rAjA arNorAja, rAjA ballAla evaM samrATa kumArapAla kA samakAlIna thaa| unakA samaya cU~ki vi0saM0 1199 se 1229 ke madhya sunizcita hai, ata: usI AdhAra para bhaTTAraka amRtacandra kA samaya bhI vi0saM0 kI 12vIM sadI kA antima caraNa yA 13vIM sadI kA prArambha rahA hogaa| samakAlIna zAsaka 'mahAkavi siddha ne ballAla ko 'zatruoM ke sainya-dala ko rauMda DAlane vAlA' tathA 'arNorAja ke kSaya ke lie kAla ke samAna'' jaise vizeSaNa prayukta kie haiM, jo bar3e hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| kavi kA saMketa hai ki arNorAja bar3A hI balazAlI thaa| usa ke zaurya-vIrya kA patA isI se calatA hai ki kumArapAla jaise sAdhana-sampanna evaM balazAlI rAjA ko usa para AkramaNa karane ke lie paryApta gambhIra yojanA banAnI par3I thii| lakSagrAmoM ke adhipati arNorAja ne siddharAja jayasiMha ke vizvasta-pAtra udayanaputra bAhar3a (athavA cAhar3a) jaise eka kuzala yoddhA evaM gajacAlaka, vIra-puruSa ko kumArapAla ke viruddha apane pakSa meM milA liyA thaa| isake sAtha-sAtha usane anya aneka rAjAoM ko bhI dhamakI de kara athavA prabhAva dikhA kara apane pakSa meM milA liyA thaa|" mAlavanareza ballAla ke sAtha bhI usane sandhi kara lI thI aura kumArapAla ke viruddha dhAvA bola diyA thaa| kamArapAla usakI zakti evaM kauzala se svayaM hI ghabarAyA huA rahatA thaa| kavi siddha ko arNorAja kI ye sabhI ghaTanAyeM sambhavata: jJAta thiiN| kintu aise mahAn kuzala, vIra, lar3AkU evaM sAdhana-sampanna (cAhamAna) rAjA arNorAja ke lie bhI rAjA ballAla ko 'kSaya-kAla ke samAna' batAyA gayA hai| isase yahI dhvanita hotA hai ki ballAla arNorAja se bhI adhika pratApI nareza rahA hogaa| yadyapi usane prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 40 47

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samasvArtha-vizeSa ke kAraNa kisI avasara para arNorAja ke sAtha rAjanaitika sandhi kara lI thii| arNorAja evaM ballAla ke bIca yuddha hone ke pramANa nahIM milte| ata: pratIta yahI hotA hai ki arNorAja ballAla se bhayabhIta rahatA hogaa| isIlie kavi ne ballAla ko arNorAja ke lie 'kSayakAla ke samAna' kahA hai| kavi dvArA ballAla ke lie prayukta 'zatru-dala-sainya kA manthana kara DAlane vAlA' vizeSaNa kA artha bhI spaSTa hai| ballAla kI bar3hatI huI zakti ko dekhakara AcArya hemacandra ko likhanA par3A ki 'arNorAja para vijaya prApta karane ke pazcAt kumArapAla ko yaha salAha dI gayI ki vaha mAlavAdhipati ballAla ko parAjita kara yazArjana kreN| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki kumArapAla ne bhale hI aneka rAjAoM para vijaya prApta kara lI ho, kintu ballAla para vijaya prApta kiye binA usakA rAjya niSkaMTaka na ho pAtA tathA use yaza: prApti sambhava na hotii| ballAla ne kumArapAla ke AkramaNa ke pUrva usake do vizvasta senApatiyoM vijaya evaM kRSNa ko phor3akara apane pakSa meM milA liyA thaa| isaprakAra kumArapAla ballAla se bhI AtaMkita ho gayA thA, kabhI-kabhI use usa para vijaya prApta karane meM sandeha bhI utpanna ho jAtA hogA, phira bhI usane apanI pUrI taiyArI kara usa para AkramaNa kiyA aura antata: use parAjita kara diyaa|" baDanagara-prazasti kA yaha ullekha ki "kumArapAla ne mAlavAdhipati ballAla kA ziraccheda kara usakA mastaka apane rAjaprAsAda ke dvAra para laTakA diyA thA"," yaha kathana vastuta: ballAla kI durdama zakti evaM parAkrama ke viruddha kumArapAla ke saMcita krodha kA hI jvalanta udAharaNa hai| arNorAja ke lie kSayakAla ke samAna tathA ripu-sainya-dala kA manthana kara denevAlA yaha ballAla kauna thA? isake viSaya meM vidvAnoM ne apane-apane anumAna vyakta kiye haiM, kintu / ve sarvasammata nahIM haiN| suprasiddha itihAsakAra lyUDarsa ke anusAra ajJAtakulazIla ballAla ne paramAravaMzI yazovarman ko parAjita kara mAlavA ke kucha aMza ko har3apa liyA thaa| zrI sI0vI0 vaidya ke anusAra 'ballAla' zabda eka viruda (aparanAma) thA, jo ki ukta yazovarman (paramAra) ke prathama putra rAjakumAra jayavarman ke sAtha saMyukta thaa| mAlavA ke abhilekhoM meM ballAla nAma ke kisI bhI rAjA kA ullekha nahIM hai , jaba ki ukta jayavarman ko hoyasala-nareza narasiMha-prathama kI sahAyatA se kalyANI ke caulukya-nareza jagadekamalla (vi0saM0 11961207) ne parAjita kara mAlavA kA rAjya har3apa liyA thaa| ukta caulukyavaMzI jagadekamalla kA AkramaNa maisUra ke eka zilAlekha se pramANita hai|" usake prakAza meM adhyayana karane se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki 'ballAla' yaha nAma 'dAkSiNAtya' hai| ata: vaha paramAra-vaMzI jayavarman kA aparanAma nahIM ho sktaa| isameM kucha bhI tathya pratIta nahIM hotA ki uttara-bhArata kA koI rAjA apanA nAma dAkSiNAtyoM ke nAma-sAmya para rkhtaa| 0048 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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hamArA anumAna hai ki mahAkavi siddha dvArA ullikhita ballAla hoyasala-vaMzI ballAla rAjAoM meM se koI eka ballAla hI rahA hogaa| ukta rAjavaMza meM usa nAmake tIna rAjA hue hai, kintu AcArya hemacandra ne kumArapAla kI jisa mAlavapati ballAla ke sAtha yuddha kI carcA kI hai, vaha hoyasala-vaMzI nareza raNaraMga kA jyeSTha putra honA cAhie, jisakA samaya vi0saM0 1158-1163 hai| isa sandarbha meM AcArya hemacandra evaM baDanagara kI vaha prazasti dhyAtavya hai, jisake anusAra kumArapAla ne svayaM yA usake kisI sAmanta ne yuddha-kSetra meM hI ballAla kA vadha kara diyA thaa| ata: pratIta hotA hai ki ballAla vi0saM0 1161-62 meM dakSiNa se sAmrAjya-vistAra karatA huA uttara-pUrva kI ora bar3ha rahA hogA aura kisI bhillama" zAsaka ko parAjita karatA huA vaha mAlavA kI ora bar3hA hogA, tathA avasara pAkara usane / mAlavA para AkramaNa kiyA hogA aura saphalatA prApta kI hogI; kintu mAlavA para vaha bahuta samaya taka Tika na skaa| vaha sambhavata: siddharAja jayasiMha ke antima kAla meM vahA~ kA adhipati huA hogaa| jayasiMha kI mRtyu ke bAda cAhar3a evaM kumArapAla ke uttarAdhikAra ko lekara kie gaye saMgharSa-kAla ke madhya hI ballAla mAlavapati banakara vahA~ apane sthAyI paira jamAne ke lie sainya-saMgaThana evaM AsapAsa ke par3ausI rAjAoM ke sAtha sandhiyA~ karatA rahA hogaa| isI bIca kumArapAla aNahilapATana kA adhikArI banA hogaa| AcArya hemacandra ne usake rAjya ko niSkaMTaka banAne hetu sarvaprathama mAlavapati ballAla ko parAjita karane kI salAha dI hogii| ballAla kI parAjaya evaM vadha usI kA phala thaa| alpakAlIna videzI nareza hone ke kAraNa hI usakA nAma mAlavA ke abhilekhoM meM nahIM miltaa| ___bar3anagara kI prazasti kA samaya vi0saM0 1208 hai|" ata: usake pUrva hI usa kA vadha ho cukA hogaa| ballAla kA pitA raNarAga" hI 'pajjuNNacariu' kA raNadhorI mAnanA caahie| bahuta sambhava hai ki ballAla ke pitA raNarAga kA raNa kI dhurA ko vahana karane ke kAraNa raNadhorI' yaha viruda rahA ho? hama Upara carcA kara Aye haiM ki ballAla ne mAlavA para AkramaNa ke pUrva, uttara meM kisI bhillama ko parAjita kiyA thaa| vaha 'bamhaNavADa' kA zAsaka rahA hogA, jise kavi ne guhila-gotrIya kSatriyavaMzI bhullaNa kahA hai| ballAla ne use parAjita kara apanA sAmanta banAyA hogA aura use hI kavi ne bhRtya kI upAdhi pradAna kI hai, jo mANDalika kI koTi meM AtA hai| ukta rAjAoM meM se ballAla kA samaya vi0saM0 1161-62 ke AsapAsa nizcita hai| isI AdhAra para 'pajjuNNacariu' kA mUla racanAkAla bhI vi0saM0 kI 12vIM sadI kA antima caraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| sandarbha-sUcI :1. tiloyapaNNattI gAthA 14841 2. pajjuNNacariu, 15291371 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 4049

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3. isI zodha-prabandha ke mUla bhAga kI sandhi 1 se 8 taka kI antya pusspikaayeN| 4. pajjuNNacariu, 1/6/11 5. vahI, 1/3/9-101 6. vahI, 1/4/6-81 7. vahI, 1/5/41 8. vahI, 157/1-71 9. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, bhUmikA, pR0 51-55 / 10. pajjuNNacariu, 1/421 11. pajjuNNacariu 1/4/3-51 12. vahI, 1/4/6-81 13. vahI, 1/4/9-101 14. vahI, 1/4/8 / 15. vahI, 1/4/8 / 16. cAlukya kumArapAla, pR0 1011 17. vahI, pR0 1021 18. vahI 8-91 19-20.dvayAzraya kAvya 19/97-98 rakSobhirpazubhirdAmAnirbharaulapibhirvata:, zrImataiH zrImataizcAmaM ballAlo darpato'bhyagAt / / zamIvatyAbhijityAbhyAM zaikhAvatyena caiSate, kRtyau vibheda sAmantau nAmnA vijykRssnnkau|| 21. vasanta-vilAsa, 3/29 ballAlamullAlayatisma khaDgaM daNDena ya: kndukliilyaiv| 22. epi0 iM0, khaNDa 1, pR0 302, padya 15; vahI0, khaNDa 7, pR0 202-8 / 23. poliTikala0, pR0 114 / 24. caulukya, pR0 1091 25. poliTikala0, pR0 1141 26. maisUra iMskripzansa, pR0 58, 153 / 27. prAcIna bhArata, pR0 685-871 28. bhAratIya itihAsa, pR0 3411 29. prAcIna bhArata, pR0 681, 1001 30. prabandha cintAmaNi- kumArapAlAdi prabandha prakaraNa 126-1291 31. epi0 iM0, khaMDa 1, pR0 293 / 32. 'bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi' meM isakA nAma 'eyarAga' hai, jo bhramAtmaka hai| 33. pajjuNNacariu, 1529191 4050 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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har3appAkImoharoMparajainapurANa aura AcaraNa kesandarbha -DaoN ramezacandra jaina sarvaprathama yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki har3appA kI lipi abhI taka bodhagamya svIkAra nahIM kI gaI hai| vartamAna lekhaka ne apanI ora se pUrNata: vaijJAnika paddhati kA anukaraNa karate hue vAcana ke prayAsa kiye haiM aura apanI avadhAraNA ke anurUpa har3appA lipi kI cAritrika vizeSatAyeM ginAte hue usake anurUpa vikasita kI gaI vAcana-paddhati kA byaurA bhI vibhinna prakAzita evaM prasArita zodha-patroM meM prastuta kiyA hai| unhIM vAcana-prayAsoM meM se cune gae jaina paurANika va AcaraNa viSayaka kucha udAharaNa yahA~ upalabdha kiye jA rahe haiN| una udAharaNoM se saMbaMdhita har3appA kI moharoM ke cihnoM aura una para ukere gaye citroM ke vivaraNa bhI irAvatI mahAdevana ke grantha se prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN|' isIprakAra yahA~ yaha jor3a denA upayogI hogA ki vAcana prayAsoM se upalabdha sabhI zabdoM ke artha sara moniyara-viliyamsa ke saMskRta aMgrejI zabdakoSa para AdhArita hai|' har3apA ke lekhana kI mUla pravRttiyA~ varSa 1986-87 ke har3appA kI lipi ke vAcana-prayAsoM ke prArambhika dinoM meM jainaviSayoM kI upasthiti ke saMketa mujhe cauMkAne vAle lagate the| phira har3appA-lipi ke adhyayana saMbaMdhI apane zodha (zodha-upAdhi ke liye) kArya meM satat unakI puSTi hotI dikhatI rhii|' bhASA aura lipi kA adhyayana jyoM-jyoM Age bar3hatA gayA, har3appA-saMskRti ke viSaya meM usake vizuddha bhAratIya, AMcalika hone kA vizvAsa pakkA hotA gyaa| aura apane sahaja sarala svarUpa meM saMskRta kI sahodarA aura prAkRta ke samAna bhAratIya aMcaloM kI dhUla-mATI meM sanI bhASA ujAgara hotI gii| usI ke sAtha moTe taura para likhAvaTa meM nihita sAhitya zramaNika-svabhAva kA honA sunizcita hotA gyaa| viSaya ko sUtrarUpa meM prastuta karanA isa likhAvaTa kI vizeSatA hai| kAvyamayI bhASA meM ukere gaye zabda apanI prakRti se hI vizuddha sarala svabhAva ke haiN| hara zabda apane maulika svarUpa meM, sampUrNa bahuAyAmI vividhatA ke sAtha, lekhaka ke sandeza ko jahA~ eka ora agrasara karatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vaha apane bhAvAtmaka itihAsa kA ahasAsa karA detA hai aura ina zabdoM meM piroyA huA milatA hai, eka zramaNika samAja kA vRhattara taanaa-baanaa| isa adhyayana se eka ora jahA~ har3appA lipi prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara 2000 0051

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mUlaguNoM ko bhI saMjAye hue haiN| isase vAcana - prayAsoM kA mArga prazasta hotA hai evaM vAcanaprayAsa ke liye prAmANikatA kA AdhAra bhI taiyAra hotA hai / ' har3appA saMskRti : mAnava sabhyatA kA prAcIbatama jhUlAghara 1 isa bIca har3appA ke samAna prAcIna saMskRti meM jaina - paurANika - sandarbhoM kI samIkSA karane ke liye taiyAra hone meM, kucha pustakoM ke adhyayana ne merI bar3I madada kI / inameM se do lekhaka aura unakA sAhitya vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / prathama sthAna para 19vIM sadI ke madhya meM I0 pokaoNka nAmaka aMgreja vidvAn dvArA likhA gayA graMtha hai 'bhArata kI yUnAna meM upasthiti' (iNDiyA ina grIsa ) " / isa graMtha meM vaha yUnAna deza ke prAcIna itihAsa kI visaMgatiyoM kA adhyayana prastuta karate hue savistAra batAtA hai ki prArambhika daura meM yUnAna ke mUla nivAsI atyaMta dIna-hIna avasthA meM nivAsa karate the / unheM bhArata se visthApita hokara Aye zramaNika samudAya ke logoM ne na sirpha sabhyatA kA pATha par3hAyA, balki unako dhArmika, paurANika aura bhASAyI pahacAna bhI pradAna kI / isI zreNI ke dUsare vidvAn haiM prasiddha IsAI pAdarI phAdara herAsa / Apa har3appA kI lipi ke prArambhi adhyetAoM meM se eka haiN| Apane bhArata ke sAtha - sAtha yUropa aura madhya eziyA ke vibhinna dezoM ke prAcIna itihAsa aura vahA~ pracalita bhASAoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA / aura usa AdhAra para har3appA ke lekhana aura vahA~ pracalita bhASAoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA / aura usa AdhAra para har3appA ke lekhana ko samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA / apane graMtha 'sTaDIja ina proTA - iNDomaiDITareniyama kalcara', N meM Apane prAcIna irAka deza ke sumeriyana nAmaka sAMskRtika stara para 'ana' nAmaka devatA kA jikra kiyA hai| jisake viSaya meM ve vistAra se varNana karate haiN| aura vahA~ kI khudAI se prApta usakI kAMsya - pratimAoM ke phoTogrApha prastuta karate hue usakI samAnatA har3appA kI saMskRti se upalabdha mUrti - zilpoM aura bAda ke bhAratIya aitihAsika va paurANika vyaktiyoM meM dekhate haiM / sumerI 'ana' ke khophaje nAmaka sthAna se utkhanita mUrtiyoM kI kucha vizeSatAyeM unhoMne ginAI haiM, ve udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM a. mUrti sadA nagna avasthA meM prastuta kI gaI hai| ba. bahudhA mUrti ke kandhoM para bAloM kI do laTeM pradarzita kI jAtI haiM, jabaki usake sira ke zeSa hisse meM bAloM kA abhAva darzAyA gayA hai| sa. mUrti ke sira para cAroM ora cAra phalakoM vAlA trizUla darzAyA jAtA hai / da. tA~be kI ina mUrtiyoM meM A~kheM alaga se bharakara banAI jAtI haiN| ha.. mUrti kI kamara ke cAroM ora rassI yA paTTInumA koI cIja lipaTI huI dikhAI jAtI hai| pha. 'ana' kI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha usI rUpAkAra kI, do thor3I choTI mUrtiyA~ bhI milatI haiM, inameM se kabhI-kabhI eka nArI mUrti bhI hotI hai / 'ana' kI ina mUrtiyoM meM, nagnatA, kandhoM taka phailI bAloM kI laTeM, sira ke Upara sthApita triratna yA eka hI samaya meM 00 52 prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara 2000

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cAroM ora dekha pAne kI kSamatA ke pratIka kI upasthiti aura bhAratIya jaina-mUrtiyoM kI paramparA ke samAna mAtra mUrti kI AMkhoM ko bharakara (inale kI paddhati se) banAne kI paripATI kA anukaraNa ityAdi vizeSatAyeM use sIdhe har3appA saMskRti ke mAdhyama se jainoM kI RSabhadeva kI mUrti-paramparA se jor3atI haiN| yahA. yaha batAnA samIcIna hogA ki 'ana' nAma 'aMka' zabda yA phira iNDo yoropiyana zabda 'vana' (aMgrejI) kA pUrvaja rahA hogA, jo RSabhadeva ke paryAyavAcI 'Adi' kA samAnadharmA hai| isa para phAdara herAsa kA yaha kathana mahattvapUrNa ho jAtA hai ki sAMskRtika pravAha kI dhArA mArzala ke usa vaktavya se bhI hotI hai, jo har3appA saMskRti kI khoja ko sthApita karane ke turanta bAda 1923-24 meM unhoMne diyA thaa| apane samaya ke zreSTha ke purAtattvavidoM kI anuzaMsAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue usameM unhoMne saMbhAvanA vyakta kI thI ki bhArata mAnava-saMskRti kA prathama jhUlAghara rahA hogaa| har3appA lipi ke adhyayana se jur3I kucha visaMgatiyA~ ata: har3appA-saMskRti kI lipi ke adhyayana se ubharate jainoM ke AcaraNa-saMbaMdhI aura paurANika svaroM aura usa samaya kI samakAlIna saMskRtiyoM ke vikAsa para unakI gaharI chApa ke rahate, merA har3appA kI moharoM para utkIrNa abhilekhoM kA adhyayana Age bar3hatA rhaa| magara har3appA kI lipi vizva ke lipizAstriyoM ke liye eka abhedya dIvAra banI huI hai| itanA hI nahIM, balika vaizvika stara para vidvAnoM ke bIca eka prakAra kA durAgraha vikasita hotA rahA hai| saMbhavata: isake pIche kucha rAjanaitika kAraNa bhI rahe haiN| sAmAnyata: videzI pAzcAtya vidvAn jahA~ eka ora isa lipi meM vyakta bhASA ko dravir3a siddha karane para tule hue haiM aura unhIM ke isa pravAha ke rahate kucha tamilabhASI vidvAna har3appA lipi ke cihnoM ko mAtra pratIka cihna (iDiyogrAphsa) samajhakara moharoM para tamila bhASA ukerI gaI hone kA Agraha karate haiN| isake viparIta bhAratIya vidvAn jAne anajAne aura sambhavata: bhAratIya upamahAdvIpa kI bhaugolika sthiti aura usake sAMskRtika itihAsa ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue, har3appA kI likhAvaTa meM saMskRta-mUlaka bhASA para jora de rahe haiN| aisI paristhiti meM kisI bhI adhyetA ke liye apane vicAroM ko prabhAvI rUpa se prastuta karane meM kaThinAI hotI hai aura agara vaha apanI bAta kahe bhI, to vidvat-samAja sahamati dene meM kaThinAI kA anubhava karatA hai| isa viSaya kI sabase bar3I bAdhA aise bAharI pramANa ke nitAMta abhAva kI hai, jo lipi ke vAcana ke kisI prayAsa ke liye nirNAyaka ho ske| kaI prAcIna lipiyoM ke vAcana-prayAsoM ke samaya dvibhASika abhilekha bar3e sahAyaka siddha hue the; magara har3appA ke sandarbha meM aisA koI dvibhASika abhilekha prApta nahIM huA hai| mohaToM para ukeTe gaye citroM kA mahattva ina visaMgatiyoM aura kaThinAiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue, yahA~ vAcana-prayAsa karate hue prAkRtavidyAra aktUbara-disambara '2000 0053

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abhilekhoM meM upalabdha AMtarika pramANoM para dhyAna kendrita kiyA gayA hai| aura saubhAgya se har3appA-lipi meM aise AMtarika vAcana-pramANoM kI kamI nahIM hai| inameM sabase ullekhanIya, moharoM para ukere gaye vibhinna citra haiM, jo har3appA ke cihnoM ke sAtha bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha ukere gaye haiN| inheM irAvatI mahAdevana ne philDa simbala' nAma diyA hai| mahAdevana ne aise lagabhaga eka sau alaga-alaga citroM (philDa simbalsa) kI pahacAna kI hai| aneka bAra moharoM kA lekhaka ina citroM se lekha kI citrAtmaka abhivyakti ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA pratIta hotA hai aura vAcana-prayAsa ko prAmANikatA bhI pradAna karatI huI dikhatI hai| inhIM citroM ke kucha udAharaNoM meM yadi jaina paurANika kathAyeM darzAI gaI pratIta hotI haiM, to kucha citra aise bhI haiM jinameM jainamuniyoM ke samAna mAnavAkRtiyA~, saumyabhAva liye kAyotsarga mudrA meM utkIrNita haiN|' har3appA kI lipi meM ukere gaye jaina AcaraNa aura parANoM ke sandarbha : jaisAki pahale kahA gayA, prArambha se har3appA kI moharoM para jaina viSaya-vastu kA ahasAsa hone lagA thaa| isa sandarbha meM saMbhavata: sabase pahalA zodhapatra pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ke tatvAvadhAna meM sAranAtha' meM Ayojita goSThI meM janavarI 1988 meM prastuta kiyA gayA thaa| usa samaya usa tutalAtI bhASA ko vidvAnoM ke sammukha rakhanA eka kaThina kArya thaa| isI viSaya ko puna: jaina sabjekTa maiTara ina da har3appana skripTa' zIrSaka se RSabhadeva pratiSThAna dvArA Ayojita saMgoSThI meM rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dehalI meM dinAMka 30 apraila, 1 maI 1988 ko prastuta kiyA gyaa| aba sthiti kucha behatara hone lagI thI aura kucha cune hue udAharaNa lete hue zodhapatra meM har3appA meM ukere gaye jaina sandarbho ko prastuta kiyA gayA thaa| usa lipi kI prakRti kI sImita pahacAna ke rahate, sandarbho ko pUrNa spaSTatA ke sAtha prastuta karanA kaSTa sAdhya thaa| phira bhI eka prayAsa kiyA gyaa| isa zodhapatra ko bAda meM RSabha-saurabha' patrikA ke varSa 1992 ke aMka meM prakAzita bhI kiyA gyaa| magara durbhAgya se usa zodhapatra meM sammilita vAcana-prayAsoM ke udAharaNa prakAzita patra meM sammilita nahIM kiye gye|" usI krama meM jaina-viSayavastu ke vAcana ke kucha udAharaNa anyAnya zodhapatroM meM sthAna pAte rahe, unameM se kucha zodhapatra prakAzita bhI hue haiN| aise hI kucha cune hue vAcana-prayAsoM ke udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| 1. aparigraha", sIla kramAMka 4318, 210001 pa ya bhara (Na) jo parigrahoM ko niyaMtrita karatA hai (210001) vyakti sira para triratna dhAraNa kiye hue hai aura do stambhoM ke madhyama meM sthita hai| sIla para ukerA gayA citra viSaya kA citrAtmaka alaMkaraNa pratIta hotA hai| yahA~ vyakti saumyabhAva liye nagnAvasthA meM kAryAtsarga mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| ukere gaye citra kA sampUrNa vAtAvaraNa jainoM ke samAna zramaNika pratIta hotA hai| 2. nigraMtha", sIla kramAMka 4307,210001 ya raha gaNDa/graMthi 0054 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara 2000

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jisane baMdhana tyAga diye haiN| (25090) uparokta ke samAna citra meM vyakti ko nagna avasthA meM kAyotsarga mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai, jo pattoM yukta golAkAra dvAra meM dikhAyA gayA hai| puna: citra meM jainoM ke samAna zramaNa- paramparA ke eka muni kI citrAtmaka abhivyakti pratIta hotI hai / 3. yogAbhyAsa, sIla kramAMka 2222, 104701 ya zAsanakartA jo (svayaM para) zAsana karatA hai| 1 ff dhAraNa kiye eka vyakti takhta jaise Asana para virAjamAna hai / yaha citra spaSTa rUpa se yogasAdhanA meM rata eka vyakti kA hai, jise yogAbhyAsa ke rUpa meM svayaM para niyaMtraNa karate hue darzAyA gayA hai / 4. svayaM meM lIna, sIla kramAMka 2410, 100401 ya vrAtya / dharma svasaMga jo vrAtya yA dharmapuruSa svayaM ke sAtha arthAt akelA hai| ise sambhavataH aise bhI kahA jA sakatA hai - jisane saba baMdhanoM ko tyAga diyA hai aura nitAMta akelA ho gayA hai / - yaha citra choTe sIMga vAle eka sAMDa kA hai| har3appA ke lipi ke vAcana prayAsa kA kArya Age bar3hane se anubhava hotA hai ki sambhavata: choTe sIMga vAle sAMDa kA yaha citra moharoM para RSabha ke pratIka ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| usI ko thor3e vyApaka sandarbha meM zAyada eka sIMga vAle sAMDa arthAt yUnIkArna ke rUpa meM ukerA jAtA hai| jaba isake sAtha eka paurANika chatra arthAt akSa kA bhI aMkana kiyA jAtA hai| 5. jar3a bharata", sIla kramAMka 4303, 216001 sata / suta ja (dva) vrata suta ya dva vRta athavA suta jar3a bharata (RSabha ) putra jisake do (janma) vRta ( yahA~ citrita haiM) athavA (RSabha ) putra (hI) jar3a bharata ( hai ) / eka pakkI miTTI kI paTTikA ke donoM aura do alaga-alaga moharoM ke chApe aMkita haiN| har3appA ke pratIka cihnoM ke sAtha eka do maMjilA rUpAkAra aura eka trizUlanumA yaSTi ke sAtha sthita eka choTe sIMga vAle sAMDa ke bIca meM eka mAnavAkRti kA citra hai / yaha pUrA phalaka har3appA kI lekhana-paddhati kA durlabha pramANa hai, jisameM lekhana aura citraNa kI sImAyeM nirdhArita nahIM kI gaI haiM / lekhana kI samagratA meM citraNa, pratIka cihna aura akSara saba eka sAtha haiM / sampUrNa citra sambhavata: RSabha ke putra bharata, jise 'jar3a bharata' ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| usakA eka jIvanakathA - alaMkaraNa hai| 15 majedAra tathya yaha hai ki jise mahAdevana bIca kI mAnavAkRti mAna rahe haiM, vaha bhI akSara - pratIka hai 'suta' arthAt 'putr'| RSabha (choTe sIMga vAlA sAMDa ) putra aura pAlakI meM baiThe sauvIrarAja ke bIca saMvAda kA dRzya citrita kiyA gayA hai / binA pratIka cihnoM vAlA phalaka, dA~yI ora se prArambha karake eka zera, eka bakarI, eka Asana para virAjamAna eka vyakti aura per3a kI macAna para baiThA vyakti nIce zera ke sAtha / prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara 2000 O 55

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yaha citra puna: jar3a bharata kI eka aura janmakathA kA dRzya hai| isameM mahAdevana ne jise bakarI samajhA hai, vaha vAstava meM mRga-zAvaka hai| kathA ke anusAra, siMha ke bhaya se eka garbhiNI mRgI, apane garbha ke zizu ko tyAga, jala meM girakara mara jAtI hai| aura usa nanheM mRga zAvaka ko bharata muni pAla lete haiN| magara usake moha meM par3ane ke kAraNa unheM puna: eka brAhmaNa ke kula meM janma lenA par3atA hai| usI janma kI eka kathA ko dUsare phalaka para citrita kiyA gayA hai| 6. RSabhadeva ko samarpita sata-Asana", mohara kramAMka 2430,107811 paramAtma yA pramAtR yA parama nata/vrAtya satya dharma/dhAraNA ke pratipAdaka athavA parama (mahAmahima) nata (hai)| . mohara para dA~yI ora, krama se ukere gaye haiMa. mAthe para sIMga yukta, pIpala kI DAloM ke bIca eka khar3I maanvaakRti| ba. eka kama U~cA Asana jisa para kucha rakhA pratIta hotA hai| sa. mAthe para sIMga yukta eka nata mastaka baiThI huI maanvaakRti| da. eka mer3hA ya. nIce kI ora paMktibaddha, pozAka pahane sAta log| 21 sata/suta Asana, satya kA Asana/siMhAsana/soma kA aasn| 33 bhadhAraNa krnaa| yahA~ pahalI paMkti nata mastaka vyaktitva kA varNana ho sakatA hai, magara eka sambhAvanA natamastaka vyakti dvArA pIpala kI DAlI meM khar3e vyakti ko sambodhana bhI ho sakatA haiparamAtmA/parama satya ke udghoSaka? parama-vrAtya ! satya/soma/rAjya ke siMhAsana kA ArohaNa kreN| jaina-purANa meM varNana hai ki sanyAsa dhAraNa karane ke bAda RSabhadeva cha: mAha taka kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e rhe| phira usake bAda cha: mAha taka pratimAyoga meM bhojana yA AhAra-prApti ke nimitta ghUmate rhe| isa bIca tIrthaMkara paramparA se anabhijJa saba rAje, mahArAje (bharata cakravartI sahita) unheM taraha-taraha ke upahAra va rAjasiMhAsana ityAdi arpita karate the|" isIprakAra 'atharvaveda' ke 'vrAtya sUkta' meM varNana AtA hai ki vrAtya (RSabhadeva/jainamuni/ vAtarazana muni?) ko eka varSa taka khar3e pAkara deva unase khar3e rahane kA kAraNa pUchate haiM aura javAba meM vrAtya unheM Asana dene ko kahate haiM, jise deva' upalabdha karAte haiN|" donoM hI kathAoM meM, eka varSa kI avadhi, ke uparAnta 'Asana' pradAna karanA ullekhita hai| isameM yadi atharvaveda kI kathA ke deva' ko 'zAsaka' svIkAra kara liyA jAye, to mohara para ke citrAMkana ko samajhanA bahuta hada taka sarala ho jAtA hai| isase, eka aura sambhAvita kathA" ke svIkAra kI sambhAvanAyeM bhI bar3ha jAtI haiM, jisameM sambhavata: cakravartI 0056 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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bharata apane choTe bhAI bAhubalI kI asaphala tapasyA kA kAraNa usake mana meM phaMsI parAye rAjya' meM khar3e hone ke kSobha kI bhAvanA ko jAnakara usakI mukti ke liye rAjya-siMhAsana arpaNa karatA hai| sambhava hai ki bhArata kI anyAnya paurANika kathAyeM, aura ho sakatA hai kaI videzI kathAyeM, bhI kisI eka hI mUla satya para AdhArita hoN| 7. somatva', mohara kramAMka 2420, 104811 ya somAmRta/ya somAmaraNa/somAmara soma jo amara hai athavA soma meM jo amara hai| sira para sIMga dhAraNa kiye hue tIna dRzyamAna cehare yukta Asana para virAjamAna vyakti jise pA~ca jIvoM ne gherA huA hai| dAyIM ora se pazuoM kA krama meM geMDA, bhaiMsA, mRga, zera aura haathii| mRga kI upasthiti ke viSaya meM ullekhanIya hai ki 'vaha' yugala rUpa meM Asana ke nIce, viparIta dizAoM meM gardana ghumAye hue dazayi gaye haiN| mAnoM ve uparokta vyaktitva ke vAhana ke pratIka hoN| yahA~ soma, candra ke mAdhyama se ziva ke vyaktitva se jur3atA hai| aura ziva apanI mUla avadhAraNA meM RSabha ke paryAyavAcI pratIta hote haiN| isase kyA hama niSpatti nikAla sakate haiM ki somatva hI zivatva yA kevalajJAna athavA amRta hai? isIprakAra yadi RSabhadeva ko, aitihAsika avadhAraNA se Upara uThakara pahacAnane kA prayAsa kareM, to kyA ve dina rAta kI taraha do viparIta magara samAna kAlakhaNDoM ke, sUryodaya athavA dUja ke cAMda ke samAna milana bindu kA mAnavIkaraNa haiM? / ____8. medhivRta meM jute hue pazuoM, mukta hoo", (dhaulAvIrA, kaccha, gujarAta kI gar3hI ke uttarI dvAra para aMkita dharma-saMdeza) medhivRta jaga pravRta pazu bhava bhram vRta, pazuvata hokara mAnava samAja (jaga) meghivRta meM jutakara cakkara lagAtA hai| yaha saMdeza har3appA ke dasa cihnoM ke mAdhyama se uparokta dvAra ke zIrSa para, mojAika' paddhati se sambhavata: kASTha-phalaka para banAyA gayA thA, jo purAtattvavettA DaoN0 Ara0 biSTa ko dvAra mArga ke pAsa vAle barAmade meM ulaTA par3A milA hai| jaisA ki vAcana-prayAsa se upalabdha zabdoM se jJAta hotA hai, dharma-saMdeza kA yaha mAtra AdhA bhAga hai, dUsarA pUrNa karanevAlA zeSa bhAga, dvAra mArga ke dUsarI ora aMkita rahA hogA, yA phira isa phalaka ke nIce eka dUsarI paMkti bhI likhI gaI hogI jo aba naSTa ho gaI hai| saMdarbha-sUcI 1. 'da iNDasa skripTa', irAvatI mahAdevana, bhAratIya purAtAttvika sarvekSaNa nidezAlaya, naI dillI, 1997. 2. saMskRta iMgliza DikzanarI', sara moniyara viliyamsa, muMzIrAma manoharalAla pablizarsa prA0li0, naI dillI, tRtIya punarAvRtti, 1998. 3. jaina sabjekTa maiTara oNna da har3appana sIlsa', DaoN. rameza jaina, RSabha saurabha, RSabhadeva pratiSThAna, naI dillI, 1992, pR0 113-116. prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara 2000 4057

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4. 'TesTa DisAIpharameMTa oNpha da har3appana iMskripazansa', DaoN. rameza jaina (zodhapatra bhAratIya purAbhilekhana pariSad ke 26-39 apraila 2000 ko iror3a, tamilanADu meM sampanna vArSika adhivezana meM prastuta kiyA gyaa)| 5. 'iNDiyA ina grIsa', I0 pokAkA, orieNTala pablizarsa, dehalI, bhArata, varSa 1972 (puraavRtti)| 6. 'sTaDIja ina proTo-iNDo-maiDITareniyana kalcara', phAdara ha, herAsa, iNDiyana hisTaoNrikala risarca insTITyUTa, mumbaI, 1953, pR0 170-181 / 7. 'enuala riporTa, Arkolojikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA', 1923-24, sara jaoNna mArzala, pR0 501 8. irAvatI mahAdevana, 1977 / 9. 'har3appansa roTa ina vaidika laiMgueja', DaoN rameza jaina, purAbhilekha patrikA, aMka 24, 1998, pR0 46-50. 10. rameza jaina, 1992. 11. sandarbha 9 kI trh| 12. sandarbha 9 kI trh| 13. sandarbha 9 kI trh| 14. sandarbha 9 kI trh| 15. 'e klAsikala DikzanarI oNpha iNDiyA', jaoNna gaireTa, eTalAnTika pablizarsa eNDa DisTribyUTarsa, naI dillI (punarmudraNa), 1989. 16. rameza jaina, 2000. 17. 'puNyAsava kathAkoSam', zrI rAmacanda, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 1987, pR0 269. 18. 'jina RSabha tathA zramaNa paramparA kA vaidika mUla', DaoN0 munIzacandra jozI, RSabha saurabha, 1992, pR0 66-67. 19. zrI rAmacandra, 1978, pR0 276. 20. sandarbha 12 kI trh| 21. AvaraNa-kathA, ojasvinI, varSa 5, aMka 6, pR0 17 / sArasvata lipi bAhamI "varNAzcatvAra ete hi yeSAM brAhmI srsvtii| vihitA brahmaNA pUrva lobhAdajJAnatAM gtaaH||" -(mahAbhArata, zAMtiparva, mokSadharma, 12/18/15. pUnA saMskaraNa, 1954, pR0 1025) artha :- cAroM vargoM meM sArasvata lipi brAhmI' ke prayoga kA vidhAna svayaM brahmA ke dvArA kiyA gayA thA, joki kalikAla ke prabhAva se tathA bhautikatA ke AkarSaNa ke kAraNa aba kramaza: ajJAnatA ko prApta ho rahI hai, arthAt aba isakA pracalana ghaTa rahA hai| ** 00 58 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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'yati-pratikramaNa' kI viSayagata samIkSA -zrImatI raMjanA jaina prAkRta-vAGmaya meM abhI taka jitanI bhI kRtiyA~ prApta hotI haiM, unameM paDikkamaNasutta' ko paramparAgata paddhati se prAcInatama mAnA jAtA hai| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki pratikramaNa kI paramparA mAtra prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva evaM aMtima tIrthakara vardhamAna mahAvIra ke kAla meM hI vizeSata: rahI hai| pratikramaNa' yatiyoM evaM zrAvakoM donoM ko anivArya mAnA gayA hai, ata: isake yati-pratikramaNa' evaM 'zrAvaka-pratikramaNa' --aise do mUlabheda milate haiN| inameM se 'yati-pratikramaNa' kI viSayagata samIkSA isa zodhapUrNa Alekha meM viduSI lekhikA ne zramapUrvaka prastuta kI hai, jo avazya hI paThanIya bhI hai aura mananIya bhii| -sampAdaka 'vartamAna meM pracalita pratikramaNa ke kartA vartamAna meM pracalita zrAvaka-pratikramaNa evaM yati-pratikramaNa ke kartA 24veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya 'indrabhUti gautama' haiM, jinheM gautama gaNadhara ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| inakA kAla IsApUrva chaThavIM zatAbdI hai| ___ indrabhUti kA janma IsvI pUrva 607 meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma-- 'vasubhUti' tathA mAtA kA nAma 'pRthvIdevI' thaa| inake pitA arthasaMpanna vidvAn evaM apane gA~va ke mukhiyA the| inakI jAti brAhmaNa evaM gotra gautama thaa| indrabhUti vyAkaraNa, kAvya, koSa, chanda, alaMkAra, jyotiSa, sAmudrika, vaidyaka aura veda vedAMgAdi caudaha vidhAoM meM pAraMgata the| sAmAnyata: to saMpUrNa dvAdazAMga gautama gaNadhara ke dvArA varNita kahA jAtA hai, lekina inakI vyaktigata racanA mAtra eka hI mAnI gayI hai-'pddikkmnnsutt'| jisa dina bhagavAn mahAvIra ko nirvANa huA, usI dina gautama gaNadhara ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| unhoMne kevalI kI paryAya meM bAraha varSoM taka vividha dezoM meM vihAra kara rAjagRha ke vipulagiri' se nirvANa-prApta kiyaa| _ 'pratikramaNasUtra' nAmaka graMtha kI bhASA 'zaurasenI prAkRta hai, tathA yaha gadya-padya mizrita zailI meM nibaddha hai| yaha zramaNa-paramparA ke naitika evaM AdhyAtmika guNoM tathA ahiMsaka AcArazailI kA prAcInatama nidarzana hai| jisakA sAMskRtika evaM samAjazAstrIya prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara 2000 4059

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daSTiyoM se bhI adhika mahattva hai| saMpUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti kI mUladRSTi isameM parilakSita hotI hai, jo vyakti ko bhoga se virAga kI ora, saMgraha se tyAga kI ora tathA pramAda se sajaga jJAna kI ora agrasarita karane kA mUla uddezya lekara pravartita hai tathA mokSa' nAmaka parama puruSArtha kI siddhi jisakA parama lakSya hai| dvAdazAMgI dravyazruta ke bArahaveM aMga ke avAntara bhedoM caudaha pUryoM meM caturtha aMgabAhya' kA nAma 'pratikramaNa' kahA gayA hai, kintu yahA~ vivakSita 'pratikramaNa' kucha bhinna artha meM hai| vyakti ko apanI jIvanayAtrA meM kaSAyavaza pada-pada para aMtaraMga va bAhya doSa lagA karate haiM, jinakA zodhana eka zreyomArgI ke liye Avazyaka hai| bhUtakAla meM jo doSa lage haiM, unake zodhanArtha prAyazcitta, pazcAttApa evaM guru ke samakSa apanI niMdA-gardA karanA 'pratikramaNa' kahalAtA hai| pratikramaNa kI vyutpatti "pratikramyate pramAdakRta-daivasikAdidoSo nirAkriyate aneneti pratikramaNaM" - pramAda ke dvArA kiye doSoM kA jisake dvArA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, use 'pratikramaNa' kahate haiN| paribhASA "gurUNamAlocaNAe vinA sasaMveNa-Nivveyassa 'puNo Na karemi' tti jamavarAhAdo NiyattaNaM paDikkamaNaM NAma paaycchittN|" artha:- guruoM ke sAmane AlocanA kiye binA saMvega' aura nirveda' se yukta sAdhu kA "phira kabhI aisA na karU~gA" --yaha kahakara apane aparAdha se nivRtta honA 'pratikramaNa' nAma kA prAyazcitta hai| __ AcArya akalaMkadeva ne ise saMkSepa meM nimnAnusAra kahA hai--"atItadoSanivartanaM pratikramaNaM" arthAt atItakAla meM kiye gaye doSoM kI nivRtti karanA hI pratikramaNa' hai| AcArya kundakunda ne 'pratikramaNa' ko vacanamaya batAyA hai tathA ise 'svAdhyAya' bhI kahA hai| 'kRti-karma' meM jo chaha Avazyaka kriyAyeM kahIM gaI haiM-- sAmAyika, vaMdanA, stuti, svAdhyAya, pratyAkhyAna evaM kAyotsarga; inameM 'kAyotsarga' ko 'pratikramaNa' bhI kahA gayA hai| tathA isakA artha kucha viziSTa bhaktiyoM ke pAdoM kA vizeSa krama se uccAraNa karanA mAnA gayA hai| bhaktiyoM ke pATha bhaktiyoM ke kula 13 pATha upalabdha hote haiM 1. siddha bhakti, 2. zruta bhakti, 3. cAritra bhakti, 4. yoga bhakti, 5. AcArya bhakti, 6. nirvANa bhakti, 7. nandIzvara bhakti, 8. vIra bhakti, 9. caturviMzati tIrthaMkara bhakti, 0060 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara 2000

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10. zAMti bhakti; 11. caitya bhakti, 12. paMcamahAguru bhakti, 13. samAdhi bhkti| inake atirikta IryApathazuddhi, sAmAyika daNDaka aura thossAmi daNDaka--ye tIna pATha aura bhI haiN| daivasika athavA naimittika sarvakriyAoM meM inhIM bhaktiyoM kA Age-pIche karake pATha kiyA jAtA hai| pratikramaNa kI paramparA kaba aura kyoM? 'mUlArAdhanA' ke anusAra prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkaroM ke ziSya caMcala cittavAle evaM mUDhabuddhi the| ata: unakI cAritra-zuddhi ke liye pratikramaNa kI anivAryatA kI gii| cU~ki prathama tIrthaMkara ke kAla meM zrAvaka aura munidharma kI vizeSa prarUpaNA nahIM thii| ata: unake ziSya dharmAcaraNa ke vizeSa jJAna se rahita hone ke kAraNa 'Rju' arthAt sarala manavAle hote huye bhI 'jar3a' arthAt ajJAnI the; isIkAraNa unake kAla meM zrAvakoM evaM zramaNoM ko pratidina pratikramaNa karanA anivArya thaa| jabaki aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM kalikAla kA prabhAva spaSTa hone lagA thA, jisake phalasvarUpa ziSyoM kI buddhi meM kuTilatA evaM jar3atA donoM Ane lagI thii| isakAraNa unase dharmAcaraNa ke pAlana meM aneka prakAra ke doSa lagane lage the| isaliye unheM bhI pratikramaNa karanA Avazyaka kahA gyaa| zeSa 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke kAla meM ziSyoM kI pravRtti RvijJa' arthAt sarala pariNAmI evaM AcaraNa vidhi ke jAnakAra hone se unake ziSyoM ko AcaraNagata doSa na lagane ke kAraNa pratikramaNa kI anivAryatA nahIM thii| --yaha tathya 'mUla-ArAdhanA' meM spaSTarUpa se vyakta kiyA gayA hai| pratikramaNa ke prasaMga 'bhAvapAhuDa' kI TIkA ke anusAra nimnalikhita prasaMgoM meM pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai-- chaha indriya tathA vacanAdika kA duSprayoga AcAryAdi ke apanA hAtha-pA~va Adi TakarA jAnA, vrata-samiti meM choTe-choTe doSa laga jAnA, paizunya tathA kalaha Adi karanA, vaiyAvRttya tathA svAdhyAyAdi meM pramAda karanA, gocarI ko jAte hue liMgotthAna ho jAnA, tathA anya ke sAtha saMkleza karanevAlI kriyAoM ke hone para pratikramaNa karanA caahiye| yaha prAyazcitta prAta:kAla aura sAyaMkAla tathA bhojanAdi ke samaya hotA hai| pratikramaNa kI vidhi "kAdUNa ya kidikammaM paDilehiya aMjalIkaraNa suddho| Alocijja suvihido gaurava-mANaM mottUNaM / / " artha:- vinayakarma karake zarIra, Asana ko pIchI va netra ko zuddha karake aMjalIkriyA meM zuddha huA nirmala pravRttivAlA sAdhu Rddhi Adi gaurava tathA jAti Adi ke mAna ko chor3akara guru se apane aparAdhoM kA nivedana kre| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0061

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pratikramaNa ke bheda pratikramaNa ke tIna dRSTiyoM se bheda kiye gaye haiM-- 1. pAtra kI apekSA, 2. kAla kI apekSA, 3. kArya yA paristhiti kI apekSA / 1. pAtra kI apekSA pratikramaNa ke 2 mUla bheda haiM (i) zrAvaka pratikramaNa, (ii) yati pratikramaNa / (i) zrAvaka pratikramaNa -- sadgRhastha athavA sanyAsonmukha zrAvaka jo pratikramaNa karatA hai, use 'zrAvaka pratikramaNa' kahate haiM / (ii) yati- pratikramaNa - 28 mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karanevAle tapasvI sAdhu yA muniyoM ke dvArA tatsaMbaMdhI doSoM ke nirAkaraNa ke liye jo pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai, use 'yatipratikramaNa' kahate haiM / 2. kAla kI apekSA isake nimna bheda mAne gaye haiM (i) daivasika pratikramaNa (ii) rAtrika pratikramaNa (iii) ASTAnika pratikramaNa (iv) pAkSika pratikramaNa (v) cAturmAsika pratikramaNa (vi) sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa - - jo dina meM kiyA jAtA hai / jo rAtri meM kiyA jAtA hai| jo ATha dina meM kiyA jAtA hai| 62 jo pandraha dina meM zukla pakSa yA kRSNa pakSa meM kiyA jAtA hai / jo cAra mahIne meM kiyA jAtA hai 1 jo eka saMvatsara yA varSa pUrNa hone para kiyA jAtA hai / (vii) yuga pratikramaNa 3. kArya yA paristhiti kI apekSA kaI bheda haiM, jinameM pramukha tIna haiM - 1. IryApatha pratikramaNa * jaina sAdhu hamezA IryApathazuddhipUrvaka hI gamana karate haiM; usa samaya yadi koI doSa lagatA hai, to usakA nirAkaraNa karane ke liye 'IryApatha pratikramaNa' kiyA jAtA hai / jo pA~ca varSa meM eka bAra kiyA jAtA hai| -- 2. bhaktapAna pratikramaNa * jo bhojana - pAna Adi se saMbaMdhita doSoM ke nirAkaraNa ke liye kiyA jAtA hai / 3. grAmAntara- gamana pratikramaNa - yaha eka gA~va se dUsare gA~va jAne para kiyA jAtA hai / 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' kI TIkA meM pratikramaNa ke 6 anya bheda bhI ginAye gaye haiM1. nAma pratikramaNa, 2. sthApanA pratikramaNa, 3. dravya pratikramaNa, 4. kSetra pratikramaNa, 5. kAla pratikramaNa, 6. bhAva pratikramaNa / "brAhmI parabrahmasambandhinI sarasvatI vedapurANAdirUpA vidyA / " prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara '2000

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sAhU asoga (sAhU azoka) -DaoN udayacandra jaina dese aNega-varaseTTa-guNANurAgI, mANI sudaanni-sudnnaanni-pmaannigaanni| bhatto sudesa-aNurAga-muNIsa-maggI, seTTI asoga-gadasoga-mudhArasANi / / 1 / / artha:- isa deza meM aneka loga hue| ve uttama se uttama guNoM ke anurAgI rahe haiN| ve sammAna denevAle, dAna meM agraNI aura zrutajJAna kI prAmANikatA ko rakhanevAle rahe haiN| unameM svadezapremI, AcArya, munivaroM Adi ke mArgAnugAmI zreSThI azoka mAno zoka se rahita modarasa denevAle the| puvAjaNA parijaNA sudadhAra-juttA, vAvAra-kheta-NivuNA bharahe supNte| sammANa-NAma-bahumANa-pamANa-suttA, sAhutta-saMti-sirisaMtipasAda-sAhU / / 2 / / artha :- inake pUrvajana, parijana zrutadevatA kI ArAdhanA se yukta the, isalie vyApArakSetra meM nipuNa hue aura sampUrNa bhArata ke prAntoM meM vyApAra meM nAma pAyA, sammAna pAyA aura atyadhika dhana kI prAmANikatA se zreSThatA arjita kii| Apake pUrva zrI zAntiprasAda sAhU vizeSa zAnti ke sUtradhAra the| seyaMsa-NAma-jiNasAsaNa-aggabhUdo, ajjhappahANi-pahudANi-mahAhi setttthii| tesiM guNANa aNusAri-samagga-diTThI, sAhU asog-jinndhmm-sutitth-putttthii||3|| artha :- zreyAMsa nAma jinazAsana meM agraNI rahA hai, ve adhyAtmapradhAnI, atyadhika dAnI evaM pramukha zreSThI rhe| unake guNoM kA anusaraNa inakI pUrNadRSTi rahI hai| sAhU azoka ne jainatIrtha rakSA se jinadharma ko adhika surakSita kiyA hai| 'tittheNa rakkha-sudadaMsaNa-rakkheNeNaM, saMvaDDhaNeNa spgaasnn-kaarnnennN| hoMjedi esa pahubhAvaNa-bhAvaNaM ca, NedUNa sAhu-sudadhammapahAvaNaM ca / / 4 / / artha :- yaha to satya hai ki tIrtharakSA, zrutadarzana, zrutarakSaNa, zruta-saMvardhana evaM zrutaprakAzana ke kAraNa se zrutadharma kI prabhAvanA hotI hai| yahI prabhutva evaM balavatI bhAvanA lekara sAhU azoka zrutaprabhAvanA karate rhe| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0063

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TuggaNI pavala-leha-silaM ca paTuM, No lddh-kvv-jinndhmm-sustth-suttN| pAgAsidaNa sudabhAradi-samma-sevaM, kuvvejjade aNuradA bhuttubhaavii||5|| artha :- ve sAhU azoka rASTrabhAvanA se paripUrNa, rASTra ko agragAmI banAne ke lie prayatnazIla rahe, usa rASTrabhAvanA se ve zilAlekhoM, anupalabdha kAvyoM, jinadharma ke zAstroM evaM sUtra-granthoM ko prakAzita karAkara zrutabhAratI kI samyak sevA karate rhe| sevaM sudaM sudagaNINa bahuM ca mANaM, puraskaraM ca pavadidUNa sulakkha-lakkhaM / sAhicca-sakkidi-sudANa mahacca-diNNo, so pAgidappiyavaro padadedi mANaM / / 6 / / ___ artha :- unhoMne zrutasevA ko mahattva diyA, unhoMne sAhitya evaM saMskRti ke putroM tathA zrutaguNIjanoM ko bahuta mAna diyaa| usa mAna ke pradAna karane ke lie lAkhoM-lAkha rupayoM ke puraskAra ghoSita kie| ve prAkRta kI zreSThatA para mugdha hokara use atyadhika mAna dete rhe| jANaMti savvajiNasAsaNa-maggagAmI, tasseva jaggida-sutittha-surakkha-rakkhaM / sammeda-sela-giraNAra-girI visesA, titthA jiNANa pavalA jinnmutti-muttii|| 7 / / __ artha :- sabhI loga jAnate haiM, jinazAsana ke anuyAyI mAnate haiM ki jinatIrtha, jinamUrtiyA~, bahuta se tIrtha, sammedazikhara, giranAra Adi vizeSa inakI jAgRta bhAvanA se surakSA kavaca pahane haiN| taM bhadda-Agama-sudaM jiNabhatti-sAhU, sAhutta-bhAvaNa-guNaM munni-sdd-bhaavN| hAsaM muhaM saraNa-appa-jiNANurAgiM, sevaM saraM parama-aMjali-appa-appaM / / 8 / / artha :- una bhadra pariNAmI, Agamazruta pradhAnI, jinabhakti kI paramabhAvanA evaM guNoM ke guNajJa, muniyoM ke zraddhAlu, hAsyamukha, sarala Atman tathA jinAnurAgI kI sevA kA smaraNa hI hamArI alpa se alpa bhAvanA parama-aMjali hogii| sadda-sUda-pahUdago udayacaMda puudgo| sAhu-asoga-seTThiNaM, saremi Nicca paagido|| vRddhAvasthA "hanta loko vayasyante, kimanyairapi mAtaram / manyate na taNAyApi, mati: zlAghyA hi vArdhakAn / / " bhAvArtha:- bur3hApA bar3I balA hai, isa bur3hApe meM aura kI to bAta hI kyA? manuSya apane ko jIvana dene aura pAlane-poSaNa karanevAlI apanI mAtA kA bhI Adara nahIM krte| isalie bur3hApe se to mara jAtA hI acchA hai| 0064 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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prAcIna nATakoM meM prayukta prAkRtoM kI sampAdakIya avahelanA -prabhAta kumAra dAsa prAcIna saMskRta ke nATakakAroM ne nATya-sAhitya tattatyugIna vibhinna prAkRtoM ke kSetra-kAlAnurUpa evaM pAtrAnurUpa prayoga karake prAkRta ke lokajIvana ke rUpoM ko amRtatva pradAna karane kA sArthaka evaM sabala prayAsa kiyA thA; jo ki na kevala nATyazAstrIya dRSTi se apitu bhASAzAstrIya dRSTi se bhI atyanta saphala rahA thaa| kiMtu Adhunika sampAdakoM ne saMskRta-pAThyakramoM meM inakI saMskRta-chAyA' banAkara nATyazAstra evaM bhASAzAstra --donoM dRSTiyoM se svarUpa-vikRta karane kA jo kArya kiyA hai; usakI sapramANa jhalaka isa Alekha se prApta hotI hai| -sampAdaka vaidika vAGamaya meM cAra vedoM kI saSTi naitika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se kI gii| isase vyakti kI naitika evaM AdhyAtmika AvazyakatAoM kI kAphI hada taka pUrti huI, kintu lokaraMjaka evaM sAMskRtika abhiruci kI pUrti ke lie koI sAdhana upalabdha nahIM thaa| kiMvadantI hai ki taba manuSyoM aura devatAoM ne jAkara brahmA jI se prArthanA kI ki "hamAre lie manovinoda kA kucha sAdhana batAie", taba brahmA jI ne 'Rgveda' se kathAtattva, 'yajurveda' se abhinaya, sAmaveda' se saMgIta tathA 'atharvaveda' se rasatattvoM ko lekara paMcamaveda' nAma se 'nATyaveda' kI sRSTi kI; jisase devatAoM aura manuSyoM ke manovinoda evaM sAMskRtika vikAsa kA mArga prazasta huaa| yaha 'nATyaveda' kI paramparA lokajIvana meM bahapracalita rahI tathA IsApUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke samrAT khAravela ke zilAlekha meM ise hI gaMdharvaveda' ke nAma se bhI ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| isa ullekha se pramANita hotA hai ki yaha nATyaveda pahile gaMdharvaveda' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| lokajIvana meM janasAmAnya se lekara samrAT taka isakI zikSA prApta karate the| yadyapi yaha nATyaveda Aja upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu isI nATyaveda yA gaMdharvaveda ke AdhAra para AcArya bharatamuni ne 'nATyazAstra' kI racanA kI thI, jo ki Aja upalabdha hai| vartamAna paramparA meM racita jitane bhI prAcIna nATyavidyA ke grantha haiM, ve sabhI isI nATyazAstra meM varNita paramparA evaM nirdezoM para AdhArita haiN| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 4065

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nATya-sAhitya kA lokajIvana meM bahuta vyApaka prabhAva rhaa| kyoMki yahI ekamAtra aisA sAhitya thA, jo dRzya evaM zravya-donoM vidhAoM se lokaraMjana karatA thaa| isake sAtha hI isameM lokajIvana ke pAtroM ke anurUpa vividha bhASAyeM, aneka prakAra kI vezabhUSAyeM, vibhinna prakAra ke caritra Adi jIvantarUpa meM logoM kA manoraMjana karate the| sAtha hI inake dvArA vibhinna kSetroM kI saMskRtiyoM, itihAsa evaM paramparAoM Adi kA bhI bodha hone se zaikSika jagat meM bhI inakI vyApaka upAdeyatA thI, jo Aja taka anavaratarUpa se banI huI hai| upane uparyukta guNoM ke kAraNa hI nATya-sAhitya kI sampUrNa vidhAoM meM sarvazreSTha sAhityika vidhA mAnA gayA aura 'kAvyeSu nATakaM ramyaM' jaisI uktiyA~ nItivAkya ke rUpa meM pracalita huiiN| ye sabhI nATyasAhitya ke advitIya mahattva ko spaSTarUpa se rekhAMkita karatI hai| ___bharatamuni 'nATaka' kI kathAvastu ke viSaya meM apanA mata spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki "devatA, manuSya, rAjA evaM mahAtmAoM ke pUrvavRtta kI anukRti 'nATaka' haiN|" samaya ke antara se nATaka kA dUsarA nAma 'rUpa' yA rUpaka' huA; kyoMki yaha A~khoM se dekhA jAtA thA, isalie 'rUpa' thA, aura atIta ke vyaktiyoM kA Aja ke nATaka karanevAle pAtroM meM Aropa hotA thA, isalie isako 'rUpaka' saMjJA dI gaI : __ "avasthAnukRti nATyaM rUpaM dRshytyocyte| rUpakaM tatsamAropAt dazadhaiva rasAzrayam / / " - (dazarUpaka) bhAratIya paramparA 'nATaka' kI utpatti alaukika siddhAnta ke AdhAra para mAnatI hai| bharatamuni ne 'nATyazAstra' meM batAyA ki brahmA jI ne 'Rgveda' se pAThya (saMvAda), 'sAmaveda' se saMgIta, 'yajurveda' se abhinaya, atharvaveda' se rasa ke tattvoM ko lekara nATyaveda kI racanA kI; parantu eka vicAradhArA nATaka kI utpatti lokapracalita nRtya aura saMgIta ke upakaraNa se mAnatI hai| loka meM pracalita vividha manovinodoM, nRtyoM, abhinayoM se isake svarUpa ko thor3A pariSkRta karake 'rUpaka' zAstrIya saMjJA dI gaI aura bAda meM unameM se kucha ko adhika pallavita aura saMskArita karake uparUpaka' banA diyA gyaa| __ 'rUpaka' ke kAlAntara meM kaI bheda ho gye| svayaM AcArya bharatamuni ne daza prakAra ke rUpakoM kI carcA kI hai| paravartI kAla meM uparUpakoM kA bhI vikAsa huaa| ina rUpakoM evaM uparUpakoM ke dvArA nATya-sAhitya kI paramparA cirakAla se puSpita aura pallavita hotI rahI hai| isa paramparA kA mahattva jahA~ sAMskRtika evaM sAhityika dRSTi se vizeSa rahA, vahIM bhASika dRSTi se bhI yaha atyanta upayogI rahI hai| eka kimvadantI hai ki "kosa-kosa para badale pAnI, tIna kosa para badale vaannii|" arthAt jala ke guNa, svAda Adi eka kosa kI dUrI para badala jAte haiM tathA vANI kA svarUpa tIna kosa kI dUrI para badala jAtA hai| tathA 0066 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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kAlakrama se bhI vacanAtmaka svarUpa meM vyApaka parivartana Ate hI haiN| kSetra evaM kAla ke krama se parivartita evaM parivardhita hotI isI vANI ke svarUpa ko bhASika vargIkaraNoM meM parilakSita kiyA jAtA hai| yadyapi AMcalika evaM kSetrIya alpAyuvAle bhASika svarUpa bhI anekoM hue haiM, to kucha ativyApaka evaM apekSAkRta ciraMjIvI bhASAyeM bhI rahI haiN| ina sabhI meM mAnavamAtra ke vicAroM evaM anubhUtiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha kalpanAoM ke sataraMgI saMsAra ko bhI svara pradAna kiye haiN| atiprAcInakAla se bhArata kI do pradhAna sAhityika bhASAoM- saMskRta' aura prAkRta' meM vyApaka sAhitya-sRjana pratyeka kAlakhaNDa meM hotA rahA hai| donoM bhASAoM meM alaga-alaga vividha viSayoM ke apAra graMtha likhe gaye, kintu ekamAtra nATya-sAhitya hI aisA haiM, jisameM donoM bhASAoM kA yugapat prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| tathA nATya-sAhitya hone se isameM upalabdha bhASika-prayoga lokajIvana ke pAtroM evaM paramparAoM se atyanta nikaTatA rakhate haiM, isIliye ve nATaka ina bhASAoM ke jIvanta prayogoM ke anupama sAkSya haiN| kintu bIsavIM zatAbdI meM Adhunika sampAdakoM ne ina nATakoM kA sampAdana karate samaya eka aisA bhISaNa aparAdha kiyA hai, jo ki samasta bhASA-zAstrIya evaM sampAdakIya mAnadaNDoM ke nitAnta viruddha hai; vaha hai ina nATakoM meM prayukta prAkRtabhASAyI aMza kA sNskRt-chaayaakrnn| isa nitAnta avaijJAnika prayoga ke kAraNa jo vikRtiyA~ nATya-sAhitya meM AyI haiM, jo chAyA ke avaijJAnika prayoga vidvAnoM ne kiye haiM, unameM jo doSa Ate haiM, unakA saMkSipta vargIkRta vivecana nimnAnusAra hai1. arthabheda prAkRtabhASA ke mUlapAThoM kI jaba mAtra tukAntatA ke AdhAra para saMskRta-chAyA banAyI jAtI hai, to kabhI-kabhI aisI sthiti bana jAtI hai ki mUla prAkRta-pATha kA artha kucha hai aura saMskRta-chAyA ke pATha kA artha usase bilkula alaga ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM jo mAtra saMskRta-chAyA ke AdhAra para ina nATakoM ko par3hate-par3hAte aura anuvAda Adi kArya karate haiM, unheM arthabodha ke sthAna para arthAntara-jJAna kI sthiti hone para ve prAya: mUla lekhaka ke abhiprAya se bhinna hI artha samajha lete haiN| yaha atyanta ciMtanIya sthiti hai, kyoMki isase paramparA ke svarUpa kI hAni kI AzaMkA hotI hai| aise anekoM rUpa saMskRta-chAyA ke pAThoM meM milate haiN| udAharaNa-svarUpa mahAkavi rAjazekhara kI karpUramaMjarI kI prathama javanikA ke padya kramAMka 7 vicAraNIya hai| isameM 'atthavisesA' isa prAkRta pada kA prayoga huA hai, jabaki saMskRta chAyA meM 'arthanivezA' pATha diyA gayA hai, jo ki mUlapATha kI dRSTi se samAnArtha kA bodha nahIM kraataa| isIprakAra mahAkavi kAlidAsa-praNIta 'vikramorvazIyam' nATaka meM Agata 'aNumiA' pada kA saMskRta-chAyA meM 'ajJAta' pATha diyA gayA hai, jo ki pUrNata: prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 4067

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arthabheda rakhatA hai| yaha nitAnta zabdabheda evaM arthabheda kI dRSTi se vicAraNIya hai| jisake lie saMskRta chAyAkAra hI uttaradAyI haiN| kyoMki unhoMne pAThakoM va chAtroM ko aise padoM kA prayogakara pUrNata: digbhramita kara diyA hai| 2 vyAkaraNika doSa prAkRta ke mUlapAThoM meM jo rUpa (zabdarUpa yA dhAturUpa Adi) kI dRSTi se pATha hote haiN| kabhI-kabhI DhA~cAgata bheda hone ke kAraNa saMskRta meM unakA svarUpa badalatA hI hai| yathA-- prAkRta meM dvivacana kA abhAva hone se do' ke lie hI bahuvacana kA prayoga hotA hai| jabaki saMskRta meM usake lie dvivacana kA prayoga kiyA jAnA hI ucita hai| isIprakAra prAkRta meM caturthI' ke sthAna para 'SaSThI' vibhakti kA prayoga hone se bhI usakI saMskRta chAyA meM caturthI' kA hI rUpa diyA jAnA saMskRta ke anurUpa hai| anurUpa sthitiyA~ dhAturUpoM ke prayogoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI haiN| __ ye prakriyAyeM yadyapi saMskRta ke vyAkaraNika DhA~ce ke anurUpa haiM, kintu isase prAkRtabhASA meM dvivacana' evaM caturthI' ke rUpoM ke astitva kA bhrama hotA hai| kyoMki pAThakagaNa va chAtra to saMskRtachAyA ke AdhAra para hI prAkRta kA nirNaya kreNge| mUla prAkRta ko par3hane-par3hAne kI to paramparA hI saMskRta-chAyAkaraNa kI pravRtti ne naSTa kara dI hai| sAtha hI kahIM-kahIM prAkRta mUlapAThoM kI saMskRta chAyA banAne meM vyAkaraNika dRSTi se bhI doSa A jAte haiN| yathA-- mahUsavo > mahotsave pATha meM 'prathamA' ke sthAna para saMskRta-chAyA meM 'saptamI' vibhakti kA prayoga ho gayA hai| isIprakAra karpUramaMjarI' saTTaka meM 'mae' kI saMskRta-chAyA 'mAma ke rUpa meM dI gayI hai| jo ki tatIyA' vibhakti ke sthAna para dvitIyA' vibhakti kA prayoga hai| isIprakAra karpUramaMjarI' meM laMkAgirimehalAhiM' isa tRtIyA-bahuvacanAnta prayoga kI jagaha 'laMkAgirimekhalAyAM' yaha saptamI-ekavacanAnta kA prayoga saMskRta chAyAkAra ne diyA hai| 3. zabdabheda ___prAkRta ke mUla zabda saMskRta-chAyAkAroM ne manamarjI se badalakara unake sthAna para usase milate-julate artha vAle bhinna zabdoM kA prayoga kara usakA saMskRta-chAyA nAmakaraNa bhI dUSita kara diyA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa karpUramaMjarI' AThaveM padya meM "parusA sakkayabaMdhA pAuabaMdho vi hoi suumAro" kI saMskRta-chAyA meM "paruSA saMskRtagumphA prAkRtagumpho'pi bhavati sukumAraH" --aisA prayogakara baMdha' zabda ke sthAna para 'gumpha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jabaki saMskRta meM bhI baMdha' pada kA prayoga susaMgata haiN| isIprakAra karparamaMjarI' meM 'Avajja isa prAkRta pATha ke lie 'Avega yaha saMskRta chAyA dI gayI hai| isameM tukAntatA bhale hI pratIta hotI hai, kintu yaha spaSTarUpa se zabdabheda bhI haiM; jo ki arthabheda kA pradarzana bhI karatA hai| 068 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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4. padalopa prAkRtabhASA ke aMza meM jitane padoM yA zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hai, unakI saMskRta-chAyA meM kabhI-kabhI asAvadhAnIvaza kisI pada yA zabda kA prayoga chUTa jAne se mAtra saMskRta-chAyA ko par3hanevAloM ke lie vaha mUlapATha gAyaba hI ho jAtA hai| tathA kabhI-kabhI mAtra abhiprAya ko lekara saMskRta-chAyA banAnevAle sampAdaka usI abhiprAya ke anya koI saMkSipta pada prayukta kara dete haiM, to kabhI-kabhI jAnabUjhakara bhI koI pada chor3a diyA gayA hai| uparyukta sthitiyoM meM se koI bhI sthiti ho, kintu mUlagrantha-kartA ke pATha kA lopa karane ke aparAdha se ve nahIM baca sake haiN| yaha akSamya sthiti hai| isake katipaya dRSTAnta draSTavya haiM- 'ia jassa paehiM paramparAI kI ityetasya paramparayA' saMskRta-chAyA dI gayI hai| yahA~ 'paehiM pada kA lopa ho gayA hai| 'abhijJAnazAkuntala' meM bhI eka jagaha 'taovaNa' kI saMskRtachAyA meM mAtra vana' kA prayoga huA hai| yahA~ tapo' pada kA lopa huA ___ 'kappUramaMjarI meM hI eka jagaha prayukta sahasA' pada kA saMskRta-chAyAkAra ne pUrNata: lopa kara usake sthAna para yAdRcchika rUpa se 'bhuvaneM pada kA prayoga apanI ora se kara diyA hai| 5. chandAnurUpa Adarza-prayogoM kA abhAva :- eka bhASA se dUsarI bhASA meM mAtra chAyAkaraNa karane para yaha virUpa sthiti bananA atyanta svAbhAvika hai; kyoMki donoM ke varNa-prayogoM kI, zabda evaM dhAturUpoM Adi kI sthitiyA~ bhinna-bhinna haiN| phira bhI saMskRta-chAyA ke chanda ko dekhakara koI bhI pAThaka yA chAtra yaha kaise anumAna lagA sakatA hai ki mUlakartA ne kaisA chanda prayoga kiyA thA? athavA saMskRta-chAyA ke chanda meM jo mAtrAgata yA varNagata doSa prApta ho rahe haiM, ve mUla chanda meM nahIM the? yathA-- (prAkRta meM) "citte vahuTTadi Na khuTTadi sA guNesuM, __ seMjjAi luTTadi visappadi dihmuhesuN| volammi vadi pavaTTadi kavvabaMdhe, jhANe Na tuTTadi ciraM taruNI trttttii||" (saMskRta meM) "citte prasphuTati na kSIyate sA guNeSu, zayyAyAM luThati visarpati diGmukheSu / vacane vartate pravartate kAvyabaMdhe, dhyAne na truTyati ciraM taruNI claakssii||" yaha 'vasantatilakA' chanda hai, jisake saMskRta-chAyAkaraNa meM chandagata niyama kA ullaMghana huA hai| aisI sUkSmatA se dekhA jAye, to prAya: prasiddha chandoM kA saMskRta-chAyAkaraNa karane se yahI sthiti banI huI hai| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0069

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7.rUpakazAstra ke viruddha sthiti :- rUpakazAstrIya niyamoM meM jina pAtroM ko prAkRta bolane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA ho, unheM saMskRta prayoga karate hue dikhAnA usIprakAra kI sthiti kA nirmANa karatA hai, jaise rAmacandra jI ke jIvana ko maMcita karane meM rAma kA abhinaya karanevAlA pAtra yadi aMgrejI' yA 'urdU' meM bolane lage, to sthiti hAsyAspada ho jAtI hai| yaha nitAnta asvAbhAvika evaM maryAdA-viruddha sthiti hai| __ Aja bhI pAtrAnukUla bhASA kA cayana Adhunika nATaka lekhaka, nirdezaka se lekara calacitroM Adi kI paTakathA evaM zabdAMkana meM bhI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai| isataraha saMskRta ke prayoga se na kevala svarUpa evaM paramparA kI hAni hotI hai. apita svAbhAvikatA bhI naSTa hotI hai| yaha AcArya bharatamuni Adi rUpakazAstrIya vizeSajJoM ke dvArA nirdhArita siddhAntoM, mAnadaNDoM evaM nirdezoM kA khulA ullaMghana hai, jo ki kisI bhI sthiti meM svIkArya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isakI jagaha saMskRta meM anvayArtha, anuvAda, bhAvArtha, TippaNI Adi kucha bhI dI jA sakatI hai; kyoMki isase mUlalekhaka ke mUlapATha kI svarUpa-hAni nahIM hotI hai| kintu saMskRta-chAyA se mUlapATha kI hI hAni hone se ise kabhI bhI kSamya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA ghora-virodha evaM pUrNatayA pratibaMdha honA hI cAhie, tAki hamAre nATakakAroM ke granthoM kA mUlasvarUpa surakSita raha sake tathA unakI svAbhAvikatA, sajIvatA evaM cittAkarSaNa kSamatA banI rhe| 'netA' ke lakSaNa netA vinIto madhurastyAgI dakSa: priyNvdH| raktaloka: zucirvAgmI rUpavaMza: sthiro yuvaa|| buddhacutsAha-smRti-prajJA-kalA-mAna-samanvitaH / zUro dRDhazca tejasvI zAstracakSuzca dhArmikaH / / " - (dazarUpakam, 2-1/2) artha :- netA vinayavAn hotA hai, madhurabhASI hotA hai, tyAgavRtti vAlA hotA hai, (apanA kArya karane meM) nipuNa hotA hai, priyavacana bolatA hai, lokapriya hotA hai, pavitra jIvanavAlA hotA hai, vAgmI (vaktRtvakalA meM niSNAta) hotA hai, pratiSThita vaMzavAlA (arthAt jinake vaMza meM kalaMkita jIvana kisI kA bhI na ho) hotA hai, sthira cittavAlA hotA hai, yuvA (karmaTha) hotA hai, buddhi-utsAha-smRtikSamatA-prajJA-kalA-sammAna se samanvita hotA hai, zUravIra hotA hai, dRr3hamanasvI hotA hai, yuvA (karmaTha) hotA hai, buddhi-utsAha-smRtikSamatA-prajJA-kalA-sammAna se samanvita hotA hai, zUravIra hotA hai, dRr3hamanasvI hotA hai, tejavAn hotA hai, zAstracakSuH (arthAt zAstraviruddha kArya kabhI bhI na karanevAlA) hotA hai aura dharmaprANa hotA hai| ** 0070 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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IsApUrva ke mahattvapUrNa zilAlekhoM kI bhASA meM tatkAlIna zaurasenIprAkRta kA prabhAva -zrImatI maMjUSA seThI prAcIna prAkRta ke prayogoM ko yathAvat rUpa meM dekhane ke lie hamAre pAsa prAcIna zilAlekha hI ekamAtra zaraNa haiM; kyoMki anya graMtha kitane bhI prAcIna racita rahe hoM, kiMtu unakI abhI milane vAlI pANDulipiyA~ itanI prAcIna nahIM hai| ata: ina pratilipi-rUpa pANDulipiyoM ke AdhAra se prAkRtabhASA ke prAcInarUpa ko aMtimapramANa ke rUpa meM nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi zilAlekhoM meM bhI sarakArI adhikAriyoM/paMDitoM evaM khodanevAle zilpiyoM kI asAvadhAniyoM se kaI doSa milate haiM; phira bhI takanIkIrUpa se ve hI prAcInatama mUlapramANa mAne jaayeNge| inameM upalabdha prAkRtabhASA ke svarUpa kI samIkSA viduSI lekhikA ne zramapUrvaka isa Alekha meM kI hai, jo vicAraNIya hai| -sampAdaka sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hotA hai| samAja jisaprakAra kA hogA, usI bhA~ti sAhitya meM pratibimbita hotA hai| samAja ke pratyeka pahalU ke nizcita jJAna kA pradhAna-sAdhana tatkAlIna sAhitya hI hai| saMskRti ke ucita pracAra tathA prasAra kA sarvazreSTha sAdhana sAhitya hI hai| yadi hameM kisI bhASA tathA usake sAhitya kA avalokana karanA hai, to hameM usa bhASA kA itihAsa tathA vikAsakrama bhI jAnanA jarUrI ho jAtA hai| vaha sAhitya kisa prakAra ke sAmAjika tathA anya pariprekSya meM racA gayA-- isa para bhI prakAza DAlanA hogaa| prastuta Alekha meM IsApUrva ke mahattvapUrNa zilAlekhoM kI bhASA meM tatkAlIna zaurasenI prAkRta kA prabhAva' viSaya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ___prAkRtabhASA ke prAcInatama likhita pramANa zilAlekhoM meM hI prApta hote haiN| ata: kisI bhI prAkRtabhASA kA prAcIna rUpa evaM usakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanA ho, to IsApUrvayugIna zilAlekha meM upalabdha prAkRta rUpa eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa upAdAna siddha hote haiN| digambara jaina Agama-graMthoM meM, vizeSata: AcArya kundakunda ke sAhitya se bhAratavarSa kI prAcIna evaM vyApaka bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta ke mahattvapUrNa nidarzana prApta hote haiN| isameM itanA hI antara hai ki kundakunda kA likhita sAhitya paravartI lipikAroM ke vibhinna kAlakhaNDoM meM kI gayI pratilipiyoM ke rUpa meM milatA hai| tathA kundakunda ke dvArA likhita mUlaprati koI prApta nahIM prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0071

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hotI hai; jabaki zilAlekhIya sAhitya mUlarUpa meM milatA bhI hai| isalie tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se yaha eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai| isI bAta kA dhyAna rakhate hue isa Alekha meM ukta donoM sAhityoM kA itihAsa, bhASika prayogoM ke sAmya evaM vaiziSTya ko rekhAMkita karate hue bhASika vikAsa evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se samIkSA kI gaI hai| sAtha hI prAkRtabhASA ke upalabdha niyamoM kI dRSTi se inakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zaurasebI prAkRta kA vikAsa prAkRtabhASA kA itihAsa :- anumAnoM ke AdhAra para 'Rgveda' ke lekhana kA kAla IsApUrva 3000 varSa mAnA gayA hai tathA sindhughATI-sabhyatA bhI lagabhaga utanI hI purAnI anumAnita kI gayI hai| usake utkhanana meM mAnava-jIvana kI dainika upayoga sambandhita vividha sAmagriyoM meM muhareM pramukha haiM, jina para aMkita zabdAvalI ko itihAsakAroM, purAvettAoM evaM bhASAzAstriyoM ne prAkRtabhASA mAnA hai| prAkRtabhASA kA udgama evaM 'Rgveda' kI 'chAndas' bhASA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kara vidvAnoM ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki Adima janabolI rUpa prAkRta se vikasita vaha bhASA hI 'chAndas' hai; jisameM kI Rgveda' kI racanA kI gayI hai| vidvAnoM ke anusAra prAkRta janabolI se vikasita ukta chAndas' se bhI paravartI yugoM meM sAhityika bhASAoM kA vikAsa huA, laukika saMskRta evaM sAhityika praakRt| Age calakara niyamabaddha ho jAne kA kAraNa laukika saMskRta kA pravAha avaruddha ho gayA, jabaki prAkRta kA prabhAva binA kisI avarodha ke Age calatA rhaa| jisase Aja kI Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kA vikAsa huaa| zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA kA vikAsa :- IsApUrva meM 'nATyazAstra' ke praNetA AcArya bharatamuni ke pahale zaurasenI prAkRta ko kisa nAma se jAnA jAtA hogA? isake pramANa nahIM milate haiN| paraMtu usa samaya eka aisI prAkRtabhASA thI, jo sarvamAnya thii| kevala kSetrIya prabhAva Ane ke kAraNa unake zAbdika-rUpoM meM parivartana hue, isakAraNa alaga-alaga prAkRta bhASAyeM, vibhASAyeM bniiN| bharata muni ne bhI sarvAdhika mahattva zaurasenI prAkRta ko hI diyaa| jitane pramANa zaurasenI prAkRta ke janabolI tathA sarvasAmAnya logoM kI lokapriya bhASA ke milate haiM, utane anya kisI ke nhiiN| isase yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki IsApUrva kI prAkRta kA hI nAma zaurasenI prAkRta' thaa| IsApUrva kI zaurasenI prAkRta kA svarUpa :- IsApUrva se lekara pA~cavI zatAbdI taka zaurasenI prAkRta ko hI sAmAnya prAkRta' kahA jAtA thaa| tathA IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI se isI kI duhitA 'mahArASTrI prAkRta' ko hI sAmAnya prAkRta' kahA gyaa| madhyadeza kI bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta thii| kSetrIyatA se sambandhita bhale hI isakA nAmakaraNa huA ho, parantu tatkAlIna bhArata ke vyApaka bhUbhAga kI suparicita vyAvahArika bhASA hone se apane saMdezoM va upadezoM kI vyApaka upayogitA kI dRSTi se isI zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA' meM vipula 00 72 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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sAhitya kA sRjana huaa| sAtha yahI ekamAtra prAkRta thI, jo ki saMskRtabhASA ke sarvAdhika nikaTa thii| isIlie bhI isameM nibaddha sAhitya kI viziSTa vidvAnoM ke lie bhI upAdeyatA thii| zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA' lokajIvana meM sarvAdhika pracalita bhASA thI, isakA pramANa hameM una prAcIna saMskRta nATakoM se milatA hai, jisameM adhisaMkhya pAtra isI bhASA kA prayoga karate haiN| aisI jIvanta bhASA ko apane sAhitya kA mAdhyama banAnA kisI bhI vivekI vyakti kA svAbhAvika nirNaya kahA jA sakatA hai| __ zaurasenI prAkRta saMskRta bhASA ke nikaTavartI hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki zaurasenI hI sabase prAcIna prAkRtabhASA hai| 'bhASA' saMjJA kI dRSTi se saMskRta evaM prAkRta donoM bhASAoM ne vaidika 'chAndas' bhASA se sahodarA kanyAoM ke samAna janma liyA hai| ata: vidvAnoM ne saMskRta evaM prAkRta ko sahodarA bahineM' kahA hai| bhASika dRSTi se to saMskRta evaM prAkRta samavartI bhASAyeM haiN| vaidika chAndas' bhASA se hI donoM kA udbhava hone ke kAraNa saMskRta' evaM 'prAkRta' kA eka-dUsare para prabhAva par3anA nizcita hai| isase yaha nakArA nahIM jA sakatA ki IsApUrva kI prAkRta saMskRta bhASA se ghaniSThatA lie hogI aura vahI bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta' hai-- yaha siddha ho jAtA hai| IsApUrva kA zaurasenI-sAhitya :- IsApUrva kA zaurasenI-sAhitya mUlarUpa meM Aja upalabdha nahIM hai, parantu unakI pratilipiyA~, TIkA-sAhitya tathA usa sAhitya para AdhArita anya grantha Aja upalabdha haiN| sabase pahale AcArya puSpadanta aura AcArya bhUtabali ne zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI chakkhaMDAgama' ke sUtroM kI racanA kii| digambara jainAcArya kundakunda ne zaurasenI prAkRta meM vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| parantu inake sAhitya ko paravartI aneka granthakAroM dvArA alaga-alaga samaya para likhe jAne ke kAraNa kSetragata, kAlagata tathA aneka graMthakAroM dvArA mUla-graMthoM para TIkA sAhitya, una para AdhArita sAhitya kI racanA karane se vaiyaktika puTa to A hI jAtA hai; isakAraNa pAThabheda milate haiN| ata: yaha svIkArA jA sakatA hai ki ina graMthakAroM ke graMthoM kI bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta hI thii| zilAlekhoM meM prayukta prAkRtabhASA :- vizva meM sabase prAcIna vistRta evaM prAmANika zilAlekhIya sAhitya kevala samrATa azoka dvArA likhavAye gaye abhilekha hI haiN| isase prAcIna bhI abhilekha milate haiM; parantu sAhitya kI dRSTi se unameM bahuta kamiyA~ haiN| isakAraNa azoka ke abhilekha hI prAcIna dastAveja' kI mAnyatA prApta haiN| khAravela kA hAthIgumphA abhilekha' bhI isItaraha kA IsApUrva kA mahattvapUrNa, varSakrama se suvyavasthita vivaraNavAlA abhilekha hai| inameM sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki ye sabhI abhilekha prAkRtabhASA meM hI likhe hue milate haiN| ___ abhilekhoM kI bhASA evaM lipi :- vidvAnoM ne sAhityika prAkRta se azoka Adi ke zilAlekhoM kI prAkRta meM bheda pAkara zilAlekhI prAkRta' nAma se eka nayI prAkRta kA prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0073

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gaThana kara diyA, jo bhASAvaijJAnika dRSTi se bilkula anucita prayoga hai| kyoMki prAkRtabhASA yA anya kisI bhI bhASA ke deza, kAla ityAdi ke AdhAra para bheda yA vargIkaraNa saMbhava hai, lekhana-sAmagrI ke AdhAra para kadApi nhiiN| azoka ke abhilekha bahusaMkhyaka evaM bhArata ke prAcInatama abhilekha hone ke kAraNa tatkAlIna bhArata kI lipyAtmaka, bhASAtmaka evaM sAhityika sthiti para prakAza DAlate haiN| azoka ne apane pazcimottara pradezoM ke abhilekhoM meM yUnAnI, airemAika evaM kharoSThI Adi lipiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, usake zAhabAjagar3hI' tathA 'mAnaseharA' abhilekha kharoSThI lipi ke prAcInatama vistRta lekha hai| zeSa samasta bhArata meM usane 'brAhmI lipi' kA prayoga kiyaa| isa lipi kA rUpa sarvatra samAna hai| ___ khAravela ke hAthIgumphA zilAlekha kI bhASA sAmAnyata: saMskRtaniSTha prAcIna zaurasenI hai| jisameM katipaya varNaparivartanoM meM kSetrIya 'oDramAgadhI prAkRta' kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| yadyapi isa zilAlekha meM prAcIna zaurasenI kI samasta pravRttiyA~ parilakSita nahIM hotI, to bhI usakA Adima rUpa mAnane meM kisI bhI prakAra kI vipatti nahIM hai| vicAraNIya bindu 1. azoka ke abhilekha tathA khAravela ke abhilekha kI lipi adhikAMzata: 'brAhmI lipi' hai| isameM samasyA yaha hai ki prAkRtabhASA meM mUlata: 64 varNa haiM tathA prayogata: 44 varNa hI haiN| aba yaha vicAraNIya ho jAtA hai ki azoka ke abhilekhoM meM jo 'brAhmI lipi' prayukta milatI hai, kyA unameM bhI itane hI varNa the, athavA isase kama yA adhika the? sAtha hI svara, vyaMjana, saMyukta-vyaMjana, mAtrA-lekhana, aMkalekhana evaM virAma-cihna -ina binduoM kI bhI usa brAhmIlipi meM kyA vyavasthA thI? abhilekhoM meM brAhmIlipi kA prAcIna rUpa hai| isakAraNa saMyukta vyaMjana va mAtrAoM kA antima rUpa se nirNaya nahIM kara sakate, tathA jo zabda prAkRta ke niyamoM ke antargata nahIM Ate, unheM saMskRtaniSTha' bhI nahIM batA skte| 2. 'brAhmIlipi' ko evaM usake svara, vyaMjana Adi 6 binduoM kI dRSTi se sUkSmatA se adhyayana kiye binA bhASika svarUpa kA bhI nirdhAraNa nirdoSa vidhi se saMbhava nahIM hai| eka lipi se dUsarI lipi meM lipyantaraNa karate samaya yaha dhyAna rakhanA anivArya hai ki uparokta 6 binduoM kI jaisI vyavasthA mUlapATha kI lipi meM hai. kyA vaha lipyaMtaraNa kI jAnevAlI lipi meM bhI upalabdha hai? 3. zilAlekhoM kI prAkRta ke rUpoM meM aMtara pradhAnata: bhASAgata kAraNoM se na hokara lipigata kAraNoM se hai :(a) cU~ki usa samaya saMyukta vyaMjanoM ke likhane kA pUrNa vikAsa nahIM huA thA, ata: inameM saMyuktAkSaroM ke prayoga kama haiM; tathApi jahA~ saMyuktAkSara kA prayoga iSTa thA, 0074 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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vahA~ pUrvavartI svara ko hasva rakhA hai tathA jahA~ usakA lopa iSTa thA, vahA~ pUrvavartI svara ko prAkRta ke niyamAnusAra dIrgha kara diyA hai| halanta anunAsikoM ko sarvatra svarAnta banA diyA hai| (ba) prAkRta meM no Na: sarvatra:' ke niyamAnusAra Natva kA vidhAna hai| phira bhI cU~ki usa samaya 'na' evaM 'Na' --donoM vargoM ke lie prAya: eka jaisI hI AkRti kA prayoga hotA thA, ata: pATha-sampAdakoM ne use 'na' hI par3hA, jabaki prAkRta ke anusAra use 'Na' par3hA jAnA caahie| (sa) isI krama meM 'ra' ke sthAna para 'la' kA prayoga pUrvIya prabhAva kI dena hai| kiMtu vaha prabhAva nagaNya mAtra hai aura zaurasenI kI vizeSatAoM ko kahIM bhI bAdhita nahIM karatA hai| 'ra' kA 'la' to abhilekhoM meM prayoga milatA hai; parantu 'sa' kA 'za' mAgadhI prAkRta meM hote hue bhI isakA ullekha kahIM nahIM hai| isIkAraNa zaurasenI kA mahattva yahA~ pratipAdita hotA hai| parantu yahA~ 'Na' kA prayoga bhI bahulatA se milatA hai, isakAraNa se hama kaha sakate haiM ki zilAlekhoM kI bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta hai tathA kSetrIya prabhAva ke kAraNa inakA svarUpa bhinna-bhinna pratIta hotA hai| (da) zilAlekhoM ke pATha darabArI vidvAnoM ne taiyAra kiye the, ve vidvAn saMskRta bhASA ke acche jAnakAra the, apekSAkRta prAkRta ke| yahI kAraNa rahA hogA ki pATha taiyAra karate samaya saMskRtaniSTha zabdoM kA pAThoM meM AnA svAbhAvika ho jAtA hai| (ya) sAhitya-sRjana kA niyama hai ki lekhaka jaba jisa deza meM rahatA hai, vahA~ kI pracalitatama bhASA kA upayoga karatA hai| usake uccAraNa bhI usI prakAra ke hote haiN| yahI niyama zilAlekhoM para bhI lagatA hai| zilAlekhoM kI mUlabhASA to zaurasenI hai, parantu azoka ke zilAlekha dUra-dUra taka aneka kSetroM meM pAye jAte haiM. isakAraNa hI inameM kSetrIyatA kI dRSTi se bheda AyA hai| (ra) azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM eka hI zabda ke alaga-alaga rUpa prApta hote haiM, jaise 'mRga:' saMskRta zabda kA giranAra zilAlekha meM 'mago', zAhabAjagar3hI meM 'mugo' tathA pUrva meM sthita zilAlekha meM mige' rUpa prApta hotA hai| isIprakAra ke kaI anya udAharaNa bhI milate haiN| (la) aise aneka zabdoM ke rUpa prApta hote haiN| adhyayana karane se isa bAta kA patA calatA hai ki kSetragata ye bheda mAtra dhvaniyoM ke haiM, inake vyAkaraNa kA koI maulika antara nahIM hai| niSkarSa :- IsApUrva-yugIna zilAlekhoM meM zaurasenI prAkRta kI pracura mAtrA meM pravRttiyA~ vidyamAna haiM, bhale hI una para kSetrIya prabhAva par3A ho| cU~ki inakI lipi 'prAcIna prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0075

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brAhmIlipi' hai, ata: varNAkRti ke sAmya ke kAraNa kaI vidvAnoM ne inake saMskRtaniSTha pATha banA diye haiM, to kahIM-kahIM para pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA nirmita pAThoM meM unakI lipi ke prabhAva ke kAraNa bhI pAThadoSa A gaye haiN| jaise-- 'na' evaM 'Na' ina donoM vargoM ke lie aMgrejI meM 'N' kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| usakA devanAgarI lipi' meM rUpAntaraNa karate samaya prAya: sabhI vidvAnoM ne 'na' kA hI prayoga kiyA aura 'Na' kI pravRtti prAya: lupta ho gyii| jabaki yaha mUla-zilAlekhoM meM vidyamAna hai| ___ aba aise pAThadoSa vAle pAThoM ko AdhAra banAkara kaI Adhunika vidvAn, jo na to prAcIna brAhmIlipi ke aura na hI prAcIna prAkRta ke vidvAn haiM, kahate haiM ki ina zilAlekhoM meM 'Na' dhvani hai hI nhiiN| mere kahane kA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki azoka ke abhilekhoM meM 'na' kA prayoga kadApi nahIM hai, kiMtu kaI jagahoM para 'Na' ko 'na' bhI banAyA gayA hai yaha merA kathya hai| isIprakAra IsApUrva ke prAcIna graMthoM meM bhI paravartI pratilipikAroM evaM Adhunika kaI sampAdanakalA ke avizeSajJa sampAdakoM kI asAvadhAniyoM, bhASAjJAna na hone ke kAraNa se bhI mUlapAThoM meM mahArASTrIkaraNa A jAne se ina graMthoM ke bhASika svarUpa para AkSepa karane lage haiN| IsApUrvayugIna zaurasenI sAhitya pramukhata: AcArya kundakunda-racita prApta hotA hai| savAla yaha hai ki sudUra dakSiNa ke AcArya madhyadeza kI zaurasenI prAkRta' meM sAhitya-sRjana kaise kara sakate haiM? kyoMki usa samaya dakSiNa meM AryabhASA kA prabhAva thaa| isa bAre meM kauzitikI brAhmaNa' meM AyA yaha ullekha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai-- "uttara meM bahuta vidvattApUrNa vANI bolI jAtI hai aura zuddha vANI sIkhane hetu loga uttarAkhaNDa ko jAte the; . jo vahA~ se sIkhakara AtA hai, use sunane ke lie loga utsuka rahate haiN|" ___Adhunika samAlocaka vidvAn DaoN jagadIza caMdra jaina likhate haiM ki "mathurA jainaAcAryoM kI pravRttiyoM kA pramukha kendra rahA hai, ataeva unakI racanAoM meM zaurasenI AnA ati svAbhAvika hai|" isaprakAra zeSa bhArata ke logoM kA uttara kI bhASA zaurasenI ke prati agAdha AkarSaNa tathA jaina-saMgha kA dakSiNa bhArata meM dIrghapravAsa - yaha do mukhya kAraNa pratIta hote haiM, jinake phalasvarUpa zaurasenI prAkRta uparyukta madhyadeza ke vizAlatama kSetra meM prasarita ho gyii| isI bhASA se paravartI apabhraMza evaM vividha kSetrIya bhASAoM evaM boliyoM kA udbhava aura vikAsa huA hai| isakAraNa zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA aura sAhitya ke adhyayana ke binA hama bhAratIya bhASAoM, saMskRti, itihAsa evaM sAhitya Adi ke bAre meM prAmANika jAnakArI nahIM le sakate haiN| 0076 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '20000

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bhASA-parivAra aura zaurasenI prAkRta -DaoN0 mAyA jaina bhASA ke viSaya meM vicAra karane para yaha to nizcita huA hai ki vyakti ne saMketoM aura bhAvoM ke AdAna-pradAna ke kAraNa jaise-jaise vANI kA prayoga kiyA, vaise-vaise hI bolane kI icchA ke kAraNa zabda-vAkya ko bala milA aura vibhinna saMparka evaM sthAna parivartana ke kAraNa bhASA ke vividharUpa bhI dRSTigocara hue| bhaugolika paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para eka se aneka bhASAyeM banatI giiN| unake prakAra zAkhA-prazAkhA, parivAra-upaparivAra evaM bhASA-vibhASA Adi ke svarUpa nirdhArita kiye gye| vikAsa evaM vistAra ____ bhASA kI zakti, vikAsa aura vistAra ko tabhI prApta hotI hai, jaba vaha AdAna-pradAna kA rUpa le letI hai| Adima mAnava-samAja ke saMketa kucha aise hI rahe hoMge, jinake anusAra bhAva-prakriyA evaM abhivyakti kA patA cala jAtA hai| yadi eka nanhe zizu ko AdhAra lekara caleM, to usake rudana meM kaI prakAra ke saMketa haiN| zizu rotA hai, stanapAna karatA hai aura cupa ho jAtA hai aura jaba vahI zizu stanapAna chor3akara khelatA hai, taba usake rudana kA saMketa alaga hotA hai| yadi vahI rudana karatA rahe, to yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha kisI vyAdhi se pIr3ita hai| hara prakAra ke rudana kA eka hI abhiprAya nhiiN| isIprakAra bhASA kA abhiprAya eka nahIM, usameM samayAnusAra sthAna-parivartana ke kAraNa naye vAtAvaraNa evaM vibhinna saMparka ke prabhAva se parivartana huA hai| usI parivartana evaM bhASA-sRSTi ke AraMbha se nirantara jo kucha bhI pravAha huA, usake Adi evaM aMta kA patA nhiiN| phira bhI bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya donoM hI paraMparAoM ne bhASA-parivAra ko bAraha parivAroM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| bhAropIya parivAra, semiTika parivAra, haimeTika parivAra Adi bAraha parivAra bhASAvaijJAnikoM ne diye hue haiN| una bAraha bhASA-parivAroM meM se prAkRtabhASA kA saMbaMdha 'bhAropIya parivAra' se hai| isa bhASA parivAra ke bhI Arameniyana, bAlTaislailonika, alaveniyama, grIka, bhArata-IrAnI yA Arya-parivAra, iTailika, kailTika evaM jarmana-parivAra Adi upaparivAra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiN| prAkRta kA saMbaMdha bhArata-IrAnI 'Arya parivAra' se hai| isa parivAra ke bhI IrAnI zAkhA, darada zAkhA aura bhAratIya AryazAkhA parivAra haiN| ina prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 4077

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parivAroM se zaurasenI, arddhamAgadhI Adi prAkRtoM kA vizeSa saMbaMdha hai| bhASAvaijJAnikoM ne isakA bhI kSetrIya dRSTikoNa dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhAratIya AryabhASA ke parivAra ko 'AryazAkhA parivAra' se saMbaMdha batalAkara sRjanazIlatA kI apekSA tIna yugoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASAkAla - (1600 I0pU0 - 600 I0pU0) madhyakAlIna AryabhASAkAla - (600 I0pU0 - 1000 I0) Adhunika AryabhASAkAla - (I0 1000 - vartamAna samaya) 1.prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASA kAla :- vedoM ke rUpa meM bhASA kA pravAha jisa gati se pravAhita huA, vaha Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| inakI RcAoM meM pAvana amRta hai| inake artha meM gAmbhIrya hai aura bhAvoM meM prakRti kA sarvasva nihita hai| unakI prakRti, AkRti sadaiva eka-sI nahIM rahI, badalatI rahI; parivartana hue, parantu bhASA, bhAva aura prakriyA ke niyama unheM surakSA pradAna karate rahe haiN| bhAratIya AryabhASA ke sAhitya-kSitija para vedoM kA nAma jisa rUpa meM liyA jAtA hai, vaha 'bhAratIya Arya zAkhA parivAra' kA gaurava bar3hAtA hai| Arya-sAhitya kA sarvAdhika prAcIna Rgveda hai, yaha sabhI mAnate haiN| jahA~ 'Rgveda' vizvasAhitya kA sarvAdhika prAcIna grantha hai, vahIM Arya-zAkhA ke parivAra meM ArSa-vacana ke maulika svarUpa kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ArSa-vacana RSi-muniyoM ke vacana haiM, ve Arya-zAkhA ke vikAsa kA yazogAna karate haiN| 'Rgveda' meM AryabhASA kA jo rUpa pAyA jAtA hai, vaisA zeSa yajurveda, atharvaveda aura sAmaveda meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| 'Rgveda' kI bhASA kA sAmya anya vedoM se pRthak hai| jisa bhASA meM veda race gaye, ve vaidika bhASA ke sAhityika svarUpa ko vyakta karate haiN| bauddhika cintana ke AdhAra para isa bhAratIya sAhitya ko 'chAndas' bhI kahA gayA hai; kyoMki isameM AryoM kI saMskRti, yajJa-vidhAna, yajana-pUjana, bhAvAbhivyaMjanA, upAsanA, ArAdhanA Adi ke jo saMketa diye gaye haiM, ve bhAratIya AryazAkhA ko puSTa karate haiN| AryazAkhA ke AryabhASA meM 'chAndas' usa samaya kI sAhityika nidhi thii| jo janabhASA kA pariSkRta rUpa hai| janabhASA yA janatA kI bolacAla kI bhASA prAkRta kI prakRti kA mUla udghoSa hai| yaha janasAdhAraNa se jur3I huI janatA kI bolI hai| jisameM mUlatattva ko mahattva diyA gyaa| isake sAmya aura vaiSamya ke kAraNa isakA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA gyaa| uccAraNa-bheda ke kAraNa 'Rgveda' Adi kI 'chAndas' aura 'prAkRta' meM aMtara hai| parantu isakI lipi, AkAra-prakAra, tadbhava-zabda yA tatsama-zabdAvalI ke AdhAra para 'chAndas' aura 'prAkRta' donoM ko sahodarA bhI kahA gyaa| AryoM kI saMskRti vedoM mAtra meM hI nahIM hai, apitu zaurasenI evaM ardhamAgadhI ke sUtroM meM bhI hai| buddha ke vacana tripiTaka' ke rUpa meM sUtrabaddha 1078 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara 2000

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haiN| unameM bhI Arya-saMskRti kA sAra vidyamAna hai| ata: bhASA kI vikasanazIla zakti ke kAraNa 'chAndas' evaM 'prAkRta' ye do rUpa prasiddha hue| 'prAkRta' ko sarvaprathama 'ArSa' kahA gyaa| AcAryoM ne ArSa ko mahattva diyA use pariSkRta evaM parimArjita bhI kiyaa| bhAratIya janajIvana se jur3I huI janatA kI janabhASA meM jo kucha kahA gayA, use 'ArSa' kahA gayA aura phira ArSa vacana ko kSetrIya dRSTi se nApA-tolA gyaa| jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vividha prakAra ke bhASAgata bheda prakaTa hue; jo janatA ke bolacAla kI bhASA thI. usameM parivartana ke tattva dekhe gye| isI ke pariNAmasvarUpa chAndas bhASA, prAkRtabhASA Adi nAma diyA gyaa| chAndas bhASA kA eka hI svarUpa nahIM hai; parantu jo kucha bhI vedoM meM kahA gayA use vaidika yuga ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake chAndas bhASA kahA gyaa| yaha prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASA kA pramukha bheda hai| vaidika yuga kI bhASA meM vaibhASika pravRttiyoM kA saMketa prApta hotA hai, jo usa samaya ke lokabhASA ke tattva the| ____bhASA ke vikAsa meM ArSa prAkRta kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| buddha aura mahAvIra ke vacana ArSa vacana hai| ina donoM ke vacanoM ke sAra Agama' aura piTaka' rUpa meM upalabdha haiN| usako bhAratIya bhASA-parivAra ke lie mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai bhASA kI dRSTi se ArSavacana kA jo vibhAjana bhASAvaijJAnikoM ne kiyA usameM kSetrIyatA evaM kucha sthAna parivartana avazya nirdhArita kiye haiN| bhAratIya janajIvana meM niSAda, dravir3a, kirAta aura Arya --ina cAra jAtiyoM kA sthAna bhI rhaa| yadi Arya kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM, to bhAratIya AryabhASA parivAra ke vizAlarUpa meM prAkRta bhASAoM kA vizAlatama kSetra bhI vidyamAna hai| zaurasenI prAkRta hI mUla prAkRta hai bhASA kA svarUpa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki vacana-vyavahAra yA bhAvoM kA AdAna-pradAna jaise-jaise khulatA gayA, vaise-vaise bhASA kA svarUpa spaSTa hotA gyaa| bhASA ke prayoga sthAna-vizeSa ke kAraNa yA vibhinna saMparka ke prabhAva se kSetrIyatA ko prApta kara letI hai| navIna sthAna kI jalavAyu evaM prAkRtika paristhitiyA~ vicAradhArA meM jo parivartana lAte haiM, ve hI parivartana bhASA ke parivartana bana jAte haiN| janabhASA kA sAhityika pravAha bar3hatA hai| taba vahI AkAra-prakAra ke parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha apane niyama bhI chor3a detI hai| AkAra-prakAra, niyama, bhASA, bhAva aura prakriyA sabhI kucha dekhakara hI bhASAvaijJAnika nAmakaraNa karatA hai| yahI nAmakaraNa 'zaurasenI' ko zUrasena pradeza meM vikasita hone ke kAraNa hI nahIM, apitu isake vizAlatama sAhitya aura prAcInatama prayogoM ke kAraNa 'zaurasenI' nAma diyA gyaa| vedAMga kI bhASA kA aisA vibhAjana isalie nahIM huA, kyoMki isameM parivartana to haiM; para sUtra kI ekarUpatA, bhAvoM kI vizeSatA evaM vedoM kI prAcInatA ke kAraNa inheM chAndas' to kahA gayA; para 'Rgveda' kI bhASA pRthak hai, tathA 'yajurveda' prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0079

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kI bhASA bhI pRthaka hai| aisA kathana karane ke bAda bhI kSetrIyatA ne apanA sthAna nahIM banA pAyA hogaa| isalie kucheka parivartanoM ke kAraNa yajurveda, atharvaveda aura sAmaveda kA bhASA-dRSTi se bheda huA; para kSetra kI dRSTi se bheda nahIM hone ke kAraNa ina sabhI vedoM kI bhASA ko 'chAndas' kahA gyaa| zaurasenI sAhitya ke prAcInatama rUpa ke viSaya meM karane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| kyoMki jo kucha bhI AgamoM meM surakSita hai, vaha jaba kSetrIya dRSTi se pramANita kiyA gayA, to yahI kahA gayA ki zaurasenI Agama sAhitya zUrasena, mathurA Adi ke AsapAsa ke kSetroM kI kSetrIyatA ko kie hue hai| isakA pracAra pUrva, pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata meM sarvatra thaa| nATakoM meM bhI zaurasenI bhASA kA prayoga adhika se adhika huA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke hI ekamAtra nATaka 'zAkuntalam' ko AdhAra banAkara yadi mUlyAMkana kiyA jAye, to rAjA, maMtrI evaM purAhita ko chor3akara anya jitane bhI puruSa pAtra, strI-pAtra evaM bAlaka zaurasenI kA hI prayoga karate haiN| kAlidAsa ke nATaka ke gadyAMzoM kI samIkSA kI jAye. to yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki unhoMne zaurasenI ke 80 se 85% prayoga kiye hai| prAya: yaha dekhA gayA hai ki nATakakAra 'nATyazAstra' ke niyama se jur3akara hI bhASAoM ko mahattva detA hai| pAtroM ke anusAra bhASA-prayoga abhinaya kI eka kalA hai| jisa kalA ko hara yuga: meM sthApita kiyA gyaa| do hajAra varSa ke bAda bhI nATakakAra yadi saMskRti meM nATaka prastuta karatA hai, to use pAtroM ke anusAra bhASA kA prayoga karanA pdd'egaa| Aja hindI bhASA hai, usameM bhI AMcalikatA kA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI vaha apane svarUpa ko sthAna de pAtI hai| ___ zaurasenI prAkRta kI dRSTi eka bhASika dRSTi hai| jinavANI bhAratIya bhASA kI garimA hai| isI bhASA ke digambara AmnAya meM pracalita prAkRta ke sabhI grantha isa bAta kA pramANa dete haiM ki bhASA kI vividhatA to ho sakatI hai, para sAhitya-prayoga kI ekarUpatA 'chakkhaMDAgamasutta' se lekara Aja taka usI rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| pahalI zatAbdI kA kavi jisa zaurasenI meM racanA karatA hai, vahI zaurasenI kundakunda, yativRSabha Adi kI hai| navamI zatAbdI ke kaviyoM kI hai| 14vIM zatAbdI evaM isa bIsavIM zatAbdI meM bhI digambara AmnAya kA mAnanevAlA sarvajJa vANI ko yadi kAvyAtmaka rUpa denA cAhegA. to vaha zaurasenI ko nahIM bhUla sakatA hai| jinavANI kI bhASA koI bhI ho sakatI hai, para samayAnusAra kise mahattva diyA gayA, yaha vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| 'chakkhaMDAgamasutta' Adi evaM tattvArthasUtra' Adi jinavacana haiN| sevA dharma-samAja kI, Agama ke anukuul| yaha punIta uddezya hai, jainadharma kA muul|| 00 80 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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AyariyappavarosiridesabhUsaNo __pro0 mAdhava zrIdhara raNadive 'bho bhavvajaNA ! tumhecciya appANaM kattA viNAsagA bhaggavidhAdA y| tumhecciya appANaM mittA veriNo vi| jArisaM subhAsubhaM kammaM karissadha, tArisaM sukkhadukkhaM ,jissdh| kaDANa kammANa Na mokkho'tthi| kattArameva aNujAdi kmm| udha, mA pamAdaM kuNadha / aliyaM vayaNaM ayasakaraM vairavaDDhaNaM ca / saccaM khu bhagavaM / saccaM saggaddAraM siddhIe sopANaM c| vitteNatANaM Na labhadi pmtto| jahA lAbho tahA lobho| lAbhA lobho pvddddhdi| lobho svvvinnaasgo| lobho saMtoseNa jiNe savvaM NayaNaM sApekkha sccN| dUraM kuNadha maNaMsi daMdaM vayaNassa viggahaM c| paropparANaM diTThIo joDidUNa samaNNayaM kunndh| aNegaMto siyAvAdo cciya samattho rAyA jo saMghassaM NassidUNa jagaMsi saMtiM ptthaaved| jammeNa Na ko vi seMTThI, Na ko vi suddo| mANavassa NeyAuyaM aNeyAuyaM ca jIvaNaM uccaNIcANaM sccprikkhaa| savve jIvA icchaMti jIvidUM, Na mrijjiduuN| savve tasaMti dNddss| savvesiM jIvidaM piyN| ado paramasuhaM ciya jIvaNassa phaannuddeso| dhamme suhaM lhdi| ahiMsA paramo dhmmo| ahiMsANuyAriNo sayalaM jaMga ciya eNkkaM kuTuMba / mettI bhUdesu kappade ' 'dhaNNo ! dhaNNo ! dhaNNo || bho saTThivara, savvajIvANaM kallANamayaM erisaM hidovadesaM kuNaMto ko eso muNivaro?' mahANubhAva ! esokkhu bAlabaMbhayArI tavaseTTho sarassadIputto aNAsattakammajogI raThThasaMto siridesbhuusnnaayriyvro|' 'bho sajjaNa ! kuNadha pasAdaM mmovri| kadhameso mahAyario jAdo ti kdhesu|' ___Na samatthA maha vANI edassa jIvaNakajjaM vaNNiduM / to vi kadhemi saMkhevaNa tassa divvaM jIvaNaM / suNAhi egggcittenn| kaNNADagavisae kothalaggAme eNaM jiNakuDuMba vsdi| susAvago saccagoMDo tattha gaamppmuho| AkaMbAbhihANA se padiparAyaNA susIlA bhjjaa| egammi sohaNe diNe sA varalakkhaNakalidaM puttaM psuudaa| bAlagoMDo tti tassa NAma kidN| tadie mAse bAlagassa mAdA kaalgdaa| bAlattaNammi ya tassa pidA vi kaalgdo| tado tassa mAdAmahI padumAvadI bAlagoMDaM adijeheNa pAledi tassovari susaMkhAraM kuNadi y| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0081

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bAlagoMDo buddhimato so marahaTThI-kaNNaDIbhAsAsu NiuNo jaado| egammi samaye sirijayakittI NAma muNivaro varisAvAsassa kide koMthalaggAme aagdo| tassaMtIe bAlagoMDo jiNAgamaM pddhedi| tassa citte dhammabhAvaNA jggidaa| so muNivareNa saha siri sammedasiharajattAe gaMtuM icchdi| paDiNiyattidUNa vivAhaM karissadi tti AsAe padumAvadIe dukkheNa bAlagoMDo titthajattAe visjjido| tammahAtitthadaMsaNeNa titthagarANaM divvaM jIvaNaM sumaridUNa bAlagoMDo viratto jaado| taruNajaNamaNANayAriMsi ummattatAruNNaMsi aThTha-dasavarise bAlagoMDo siripAsaNAhasihare sirijayakittissaMtIe baMbhaceraM pddivjjdi| caduvidhasaMgheNa saha viharato sirijayakittimuNivaro kuMthalagiritityabhUmIe pvittttho| tattha baMbhacArI bAlagoMDo tassa muNivarassa pAdamUle digaMbaramuNI jaado| tadA tassa siridesabhUsaNo tti NAma kidN| ___ kameNa viharato caduvidhasaMgho savaNabelagolatitthe aagdo| tattha bhagavado bAlubalissa sumaNoharaM bhavvaM payaMDaM ca paDimaM dahaNa paramabhattIe siridesabhUsaNamuNivaro gommaTesathudi kuNadi 'diyaMbaro yo Na ya bhIdijutto, Na yaMbare sattamaNo visuddho| sappAdijaMtupphusado Na kaMpo, taM gommaTesaM paNamAmi nniccN||' / adha sirisedabhUsaNo puNaravi tityajattaM gNtumicchdi| muNivareNANumadido so egAgI pAdacArI gAmANugAmaM viharato jaadi| rAyacura-gulamaggAdiNagaresu javaNamiliMchAdilogehiM so muNivaro uvaisido upasaggido y| siridesabhUsaNamuNivaro savvaM uvasaggaM paramasaMtIe sahidUNa pasaNNahidayeNa dhammovadesaM kunndi| taM suNidUNa savve jaNA muNivaraM bhumnnnnNti| siyAdavAdakesariNA AyariyappavarasiripAyasAgareNa tassa AyariyadikkhA dinnnnaa| Ayariyappavaro siridesabhUSaNo samaggabhArahe pAdacArI vihredi| sajjhAyaM kAdUNa so siddhaMta-siromaNI jaado| vivihabhAsAkusaleNa AyariyavareNa NegANi potthagANi rjhyaanni| madhuravANIe desaNaM kAdUNa teNa sahassAdhigAiM itthI-purisAiM uddhariyAI / NegaThANesu maNaharAI jiNAlayAiM kAridUNa logahidakkae AyarieNa dhammasAlA-pAThasAlA-vijjAlaya-mahAvijjAlayAI kaariyaaiN| Ayariyassa jIvaNaM ciya jaNahidakAe atthi|' seThivara ! dhaNo haM, erisassa mahAraTThasaMtassa darisaNamahaM kremi|' bho mahANubhAva ! ajja kkhu Ayariyappavaro jahatthaNAmo desabhasaNo hodi| so NiccaM ciya vissadhammassa saMdesaM dedi 'mittI me savvabhUdesu, veraM majjha Na kennvi|' 40 82 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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maMdira, masjida ho yA girajAghara duniyA meM sarvAdhika dharmanirapekSa hai mora-paMkha pakSiyoM kA rAjA mora rASTrIya pakSI hone ke sAtha-sAtha rASTrIya ekatA evaM sAMpradAyika sauhArda kA jItA-jAgatA udAharaNa hai| bhAratIya samAja meM mora ke paMkha kA vizeSa sthAna hai| mora ke paMkha ko duniyA meM sarvAdhika dharmanirapekSa kahA jA sakatA hai| mora ke paMkha maMdira, masjida tathA girajAgharoM meM binA kisI bhedabhAva ke samAna rUpa se istemAla meM lAe jAte haiN| saundarya ke dRSTikoNa se dekheM to sRSTi ke sabhI jIvoM meM mAdA nara se adhika khUbasUrata hotI hai| parantu mora meM mAdA se kahIM adhika AkarSaka hotA hai nara, jise apavAda ke rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| vaise eka paurANika kathA ke anusAra jaba devarAja indra eka yajJa ke daurAna laMkeza se bhayabhIta hokara mora kA rUpa dhAraNa kara baca nikalane meM kAmayAba ho gae. tabhI se unhoMne prasanna hokara apane paMkhoM kI suMdaratA mora-paMkhoM ko pradAna kara dii| isaprakAra nIle, baiMganI, hare dhAnI va halke lAla raMgoM ke samanvaya se 'mayUra' Ama logoM ke AkarSaNa kA kendrabindu bana gyaa| mora sabase adhika saMkhyA meM rAjasthAna meM pAe jAte haiN| inakI saMkhyA gujarAta, asama meM bhI kama nhiiN| pakSI vizeSajJoM ke anusAra bhArata hI inakA mUlasthAna rahA hai| mora ke sauMdarya se mugdha hokara kaI sAhityakAroM ne apanI racanAoM meM mora ke saundarya-bodha kA pratIka rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai| mora ke saundarya meM cAra cAMda lagAte haiM mor-pNkh| mora kI cAra phuTa lambI raMgIna pUMcha meM hare raMga ke Dhera sAre paMkha pAye jAte haiN| mora-paMkha kA sauMdarya isake sira para bane raMga-biraMge golakoM ke kAraNa hai, jinheM candraka' yA 'mecaka' bhI kahate haiN| candraka ke madhya meM gahare nIle raMga kA hRdayAkAra eka golaka hotA hai aura usake cAroM ora cAra cakra hote haiN| pahalA cakra gahare nIle hare raMga kA, dUsarA adhika caur3A cakra sunahare kAMse ke raMga kA, tIsarA bahuta choTA cakra sunahare raMga kA aura cauthA bhUre raMga kA hotA hai| candraka kA sunaharA raMga sabase adhika dhyAna AkRSTa karatA hai| mora-paMkha jahA~ eka ora mora kI sundaratA kA aham hissA hai, vahIM ina paMkhoM kA prAkRtavidyA+ aktUbara-disambara '2000 1083

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istemAla loga vividha rUpoM meM karate A rahe haiN| eka mAnyatA ke anusAra sarpadaMza se pIr3ita vyakti ko yadi mora-paMkha kI cilama bharakara pilA dI jAe, to rogI baca jAtA hai| gharoM meM mora paMkha rakhane se sAMpa va chipakalI ghara meM nahIM aate| isake atirikta Ayurvedika davAoM meM bhI inakA prayoga hotA hai| ___ ise DrAIMgarUma meM sajAvaTa-hetu bhI istemAla kiyA jAtA hai| videzoM meM mora paMkha kA istemAla sajAvaTI vastuyeM banAne meM kiyA jAtA hai| amarIkA evaM yUropIya dezoM ke sAtha-sAtha pUrvI kSetroM meM bhI mora-paMkhoM kI kAphI khapata hone lagI hai| mora paMkha ke niryAta meM rAjasthAna sabase Age hai| anya niryAtaka rAjya uttara pradeza, bihAra, paMjAba Adi haiN| rAjasthAna meM mora-paMkhoM ke dhaMdhe se 'khaTIka' jAti ke loga kAphI arase se jur3e haiN| jaMgaloM meM prAya: pazuoM ko carAte hue lar3ake-lar3akiyA~ va bar3e-bUDhe aksara gire par3e mora paMkhoM ko cunate najara Ate haiN| kucha logoM ko ye paMkha bar3e zaharoM kI ora le jAte hue bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha krama sitambara se disambara taka adhika calatA hai| aisA zAyada isalie bhI hai ki isI samaya mora apane purAne paMkhoM ko girAtA hai, jo eka prAkRtika prakriyA hai| mora-paMkha ekatrita karane ke kaI tarIke haiN| eka to grAmINa svayaM inheM cUnakara ikaTThA karate haiM aura bAda meM jodhapura, bIkAnera, jayapura, jaisalamera Adi jagahoM para khaTIkoM ke hAthoM beca dete haiN| kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki 'pherI' vAle gA~voM se morapaMkha sAmAna ke badale le lete haiN| khaTIka jAti ke loga ina logoM ke mAdhyama se inheM kharIdane ke atirikta mora-paMkhI maMDI meM kharIdate haiN| 5 rupaye se 10 rupaye prati hajAra paMkhI kA reTa amUmana rahatA hai, jo bolI ke lihAja se ghaTatA evaM bar3hatA hai| mora-paMkhI kI / kImata vibhinna prakAra ke paMkhoM para nirbhara karatI hai| kvAliTI ke anusAra mora-paMkhoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai| pahalA caMdA'. jinameM sabhI paMkhoM para A~kha kA nizAna hotA hai| dUsarA samachar3a' yAnI kaTA huA, jisameM paMkha to caMdA jaise hI hote haiM, para inameM raMgIna A~kheM nahIM hotii| tIsare ko inakI bhASA meM talavAra' kahate haiM, yaha mora kI pITha para talavAranumA hote haiM tathA inakA raMga gaharA dhAnI va sunaharA hotA hai| ina para A~kha nahIM hotii| sabase mahaMgA inakA caMdA' hotA hai, jo 70 se 100 rupaye prati hajAra meM bikatA hai, jabaki 'samachar3a' va 'talavAra' prAya: 20 aura 15 rupaye prati hajAra mila jAte haiN| ____ lambAI ke anusAra paMkhoM kI chaMTanI kI jAtI hai| 20 se 50 IMca taka lambe paMkhoM ko sabase acchA mAnA jAtA hai| inameM kIr3e na lageM, isake lie pAuDara chir3akA jAtA hai| phira polIthIna baiga meM sIlakara bore meM paika kara liyA jAtA hai| mora ke paMkha lagabhaga do mITara taka lambe ho sakate haiN| paMkha kI DaMDI kA eka pRSTha cikanA, camakIlA hotA 0084 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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hai| ise 'caTa' kahate haiN| pichalA hissA 'ToTA' kahalAtA hai| pUrNa vikasita mora caMdave vAle 140 paMkha hote haiN| eka paMkha do-tIna grAma kA hotA hai| eka mora ke kula paMkha 250 grAma se adhika vajana ke nahIM hote| vizva ke kaI dezoM meM bhArata se lAkhoM rupaye ke morapaMkhoM kA niryAta bhI kiyA jAtA hai / mora-paMkhoM ke aneka upayoga haiM / Aja zrRMgAra aura pUjA-pATha sahita auSadhi ke rUpa meM mora paMkhoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| devI-devatAoM para mora paMkha car3hAye jAte haiN| bhUTAna aura laddAkha ke bauddha vihAroM meM deva-pratimAoM ke Age dAyeM-bAyeM guladAnoM meM mora-paMkha rakhe jAte haiN| mora ke paMkhoM se devatAoM para caMvara dulAe jAte haiM / nArAyaNa zrIkRSNa ke mukuTa kI zobhA bhI mora paMkha hI thA / bacce apanI pustakoM meM mora kA candavA rakhate haiM / zrRMgAra ke vibhinna upayogoM meM mora paMkha ke vividha bhAga kAma meM Ate haiN| kaI kSetroM meM AdivAsI mahilAyeM mora paMkhoM se apanA zrRMgAra karatI haiM aura inake gahane banAkara zarIra ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM dhAraNa karatI haiM / gopASTamI' aura 'dIpAvalI' para pazudhana kA zrRMgAra mora paMkha se kiyA jAtA hai / paramparAgata davAoM meM mora paMkha ke aneka upayoga haiN| mora paMkha ko vizeSa vidhi se jalAkara banAI gaI mayUra - piccha - bhasma Ayurvedika auSadhi ke rUpa meM aneka rogoM meM lAbhakArI mAnI gayI hai| mora kA caMdA jakhmoM para tathA jale hue sthAna para bAMdhane se darda miTa jAtA hai / hamAre deza ke kucha bhAgoM meM Aja bhI bacce ko mora paMkha se havA karake unakI najara utArI jAtI hai| kucha loga burI najara se apane baccoM ko bacAne ke lie baccoM ke gale meM mora-paMkha bAMdha dete haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha kudRSTi kA prabhAva apane Upara le letA hai| - (sAbhAra uddhRta paMjAba kesarI, dainika, 3 aktUbara 2000 ) rAjyazAsana kI kaThinatA " tapasA hi samaM rAjyaM, yogakSemaprapaJcataH / pramAde satyadha:pAtAdanyathA ca mahodayAt / / " artha : - ( AcArya vAdIbhasiMha, kSatracUDAmaNi, 11/8 ) :- rAjya karanA tapasyA karane ke samAna hai, kyoMki isameM yoga kI kuzalatA ke lie nirantara sAvadhAna rahanA par3atA hai| yadi jarA bhI pramAda ( lAparavAhI) ho jAye, to tatkAla adha:patana ho jAtA hai; aura sAvadhAnI rakhI jAye, to mahAn abhyudaya ho sakatA hai| ** prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara 2000 00 85

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bhAratIya sAMskRtika va bhASika ekatA -zrImatI snehalatA TholiyA sindhughATI kI sabhyatA se pUrva ke bhArata kI kahAnI atyanta dhuMdhalI aura andhakArapUrNa hai; parantu aba mohanajodar3o, har3appA kI khudAiyoM meM jisa sabhyatA ke avazeSa mile haiM, unase pramANita hotA hai ki RgvedakAla se sadiyoM pUrva sindha ke kAThe' meM mAnava-kendroM kI sabhyatA va saMskRti uccakoTi kI thii|''mohnjoddd'o' ke khaMDaharoM se prApta yogIzvara RSabha kI kAyotsarga-mudrA tathA vaidika vAGmaya meM vAtarazanA muniyoM, kezI aura vrAtya-kSatriyoM ke ullekha Aye haiM, jinase yaha spaSTa hai ki puruSArtha para vizvAsa karanevAle dharma ke pragatizIla vyAkhyAtA tIrthaMkara prAgaitihAsika kAla meM bhI vidyamAna the| nivRtti va avasAda bhI bhArata kI sanAtana paramparA meM vidyamAna the|' asaMkhya muharoM para ubharI AkRtiyoM ke pramANa se vidita hotA hai ki saindhavoM meM vRSabha' samAdata thaa| aba sabhI itihAsakAra mAnane lage haiM ki isa saindhava-sabhyatA ke nirmAtA prAgvaidika dravir3a the| ___ "dravir3oM ke bAda AryajAti ne Ate hI apane parAkrama, kUTanIti aura buddhibala ke kAraNa inako svAyatta kara liyaa| AryoM ne inako anArya, adevayu (vaidika devatAoM ke prati udAsIna), devapIyu (unake virodhI), ayajvana (yajJa na karanevAle), akarman (kriyAnuSThAnoM se rahita), ziznadevA (liMgapUjaka), anyavrata, maghavAk (abUjha bolI bolanevAlI) Adi saMjJAyeM dii| pANinI jaise purohitoM ne 'zramaNa-brAhmaNa saMgharSa' kA ullekha 'zAzvatika virodha' ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kiyaa| cU~ki Arya bhArata pahu~cane ke pUrva adhikatara ghumakkar3a aura manamaujI jIva rahe the. ata: prakRti ke saundarya para cakita ho pravRtti va AzAvAda ke svara se sAre samAja ko pUrNa kara diyaa| kintu vaidika AzAvAda aura utsAha kI prabalatA cirasthAyI nahIM raha sakI aura jo loga utsAha kI RcAyeM racate the, ve svayaM hI 'avasAda kA gIta' gAne lge| Age jaba AryoM kA yajJavAda 'bhogavAda' kA paryAya banane lagA aura AmiSapriyatA se prerita kucha loga jIvahiMsA ko dharma mAnane lage; to isa deza kI saMskRti yajJa aura jIvaghAta --donoM se vidroha kara utthii| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra va buddha isa saMskRti ke udghoSaka rhe| yadi AryoM kA yajJavAda khullamakhullA jIvahiMsA ko aucitya pradAna nahIM karatA tathA yadi 0086 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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kucha loga dharma ko apanI bhogalolupatA kA sAdhana nahIM banAte; to vaidikadharma ke prati uThanevAle vidroha kaTutA taka nahIM pahu~cate aura nA hI use jaina va bauddhamata kI nivRttiparaka vicAradhArA se utanI zakti prApta huI hotii|" hamAre samAja kI bahuta-sI rItiyA~ tathA dharma ke bahuta se anuSThAna aise haiM, jinakA ullekha vedoM meM nahIM miltaa| unake bAre meM vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki unakA vikAsa Arya va Aryetara donoM saMskRtiyoM ke mUla se huA hai|"" cU~ki bhASA kA sambandha mAnava se hai, ata: usakA sIdhA sambandha usakI saMskRti se bhI hai / saMskRti ke vikAsa se bhASA meM bhI vikAsa hotA hai / vikAsa kI isa avidita gati se bhASA kA eka itihAsa ho jAtA hai, jisase usa bhASA meM likhe sAhitya ke dvArA hama apane samAja kI parivartanazIla pravRtti kA hI nahIM, apitu saMskRti kA bhI paricaya pAte haiN| 1 "sindhu sabhyatA ke nAgarika eka lekhana - zailI kA prayoga karate the aura kalA meM dakSa the|" kintu usa prAcIna bhArata kI mUlabhASA yA bolI kA kyA rUpa thA --yaha spaSTa nahIM hai / usa yuga meM bhI koI janabhASA avazya thI aura yaha janasAdhAraNa meM bolI jAnevAlI sAhityika pAza se mukta 'prAkRta' hI thI / " "bAda meM AryoM ne yajJaparAyaNa saMskRti ke prasAra, prAkRtika zaktiyoM ke pUjana, devatva - viSayaka bhAvanAoM ke abhivyaMjaka evaM bauddhika cintana se sambaddha vipula sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA, jo veda kI bhASA ke rUpa meM 'chAndas' khlaayii|" pANinI jaise purohitoM ko bhaya thA ki unakI pavitra bhASA meM kahIM dUsarI dezaja bhASAoM ke asaMskRta zabda na ghusa AyeM, isaliye unake dvArA 'chAndas' kA bhI pariSkAra kiyA gayA, jisase naI bhASA 'saMskRta' kA ArvibhAva huA / " isake bhI pada, vAkya, dhvani evaM artha - ina cAroM aMgoM ko vizeSa anuzAsanoM meM Abaddha kara diyA / " tathA saMskRta ke sAmAnya mAnadaNDa se jo zabdacyuta the, unake lie 'apabhraMza' yA 'apabhraSTa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA / " pANinI kA janma gAndhAra meM 'zAlAtura' gA~va meM tathA zikSA 'takSazilA' meM sampanna huI thI / donoM hI sthAna udIcya pradeza meM hone ke kAraNa pariniSThita bhASA 'udIcya vibhASA' ke nAma se jAnI jAtI thI / yaha vahI bhASA hai, jise AdhAra mAnakara maharSi pANini ne 'aSTAdhyAyI' kI racanA kI aura saMskRtabhASA kI AdhArazilA ko dRr3ha bnaayaa| " brAhmaNa, AraNyaka va upaniSad - sAhitya bhI isI vibhASA meM likhA gayA hai| 'chAndas' meM jo janatattva samAviSTa the, ve anuzAsita kiye jAne para bhI sarvathA parimArjita nahIM ho pAye aura unakA vikAsa hotA rahA; phalata: 'chAndas' kA maulika vikasita rUpa 'prAkRta' kahalAyA / " yahI prAkRta 'prAcya' upabhASA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI thii| isameM 'drAvir3a' evaM 'muNDA' bhASA ke tattvoM kA pUrNa mizraNa thA / isa bhASA ko bolanevAle aise loga the, jinakA vizvAsa yajJIya saMskRti meM nahIM thA, ye 'vrAtya' kahalAte the| buddha aura mahAvIra inhIM vrAtyoM meM se the / ina donoM ne pariniSThita udIcya prAkRtavidyA + aktUbara-disambara 2000 00 87

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bhASA ke Adhipatya ko haTAkara usake vipratva aura ziSTatva ke vartula se nikalakara janabhASA yA mAtRbhASA prAkRta meM hI apane upadeza diye| " jo bAlaka, mahilA Adi ko subodha sahajagamya hai aura sakala bhASAoM kA mUla hai. yaha prAkRtabhASA hai / " yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki 'puSpadanta' aura 'bhUtabali' nAmaka donoM AcAryoM ne dravir3a deza meM jAkara 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ke sUtroM kI racanA isI prAkRtabhASA prAcIna zaurasenI meM kii| isake pazcAt to kundakunda Adi AcAryoM ne isa bhASA ko sArvabhaumikatA pradAna kI / isaprakAra digambara jaina Agama-granthoM kI yaha mUlabhASA bana gayI / 2 saMskRta kA rUpa sthira ho jAne para usakI kaThinatA ke kAraNa jana samAja kI bhASA apane hI kSetra meM unnati karatI gyii| usake bAda usakA sarvaprathama rUpa hameM azoka ke zilAlekhoM tathA bauddha aura jainadharma granthoM meM milatA hai| prAcIna prAkRta ko 'pAlI' nAma bhI diyA gayA hai / 'pAlI' meM bhI sAhityika gAMbhIrya Ane ke kAraNa usI ke sAhacarya se nikalI huI sAdhAraNa bhASA hamAre sAmane madhyakAlIna prAkRta ke viziSTa rUpa meM AtI hai|" bharata ke samaya tIsarI zatAbdI I0pU0 meM yahI lokabhASA spaSTa pRthak svIkRta bhASA ho gayI / " saMskRta paNDitoM ke anusAra prAkRtabhASA 'asaMskRta bhASA' ke rUpa meM kahI gyii| isa sAhityika prAkRta ke bhI mukhyarUpa se pA~ca bheda haiM1. zaurasenI 2. paizAcI 3. mAgadhI 4. ardhamAgadhI 1088 yaha mUlata: mathurA yA zUrasena pradeza kI bolI thii| yaha bhArata ke pazcimottara pradeza kI bolI thI / 5. mahArASTrI prAkRta "jaba sAhitya kA nirmANa ina prAkRtoM meM hone lagA aura vaiyAkaraNoM ne inheM vyAkaraNa ke kaThina niyamoM meM bAMdhanA prArambha kara diyA, to janasAdhAraNa kI bhASA meM isa sAhityika prAkRta se phira antara honA prArambha ho gayA / jina boliyoM ke AdhAra para prAkRtabhASAoM kA nirmANa huA thA, ve apane svAbhAvika rUpa meM vikasita ho rahIM thIM tathA prAkRta kI sAhityikatA se nikalane kA prayatna kara rahIM thiiN| tabhI prAkRta ke vaiyAkaraNoM ne use hInadRSTi se dekhate hae 'apabhraMza' nAma de diyA / vaiyAkaraNoM ne to apane vyAkaraNa ke siddhAnta se ise bhraSTa huI sAbita kiyA; para vastuta: yaha 'apabhraMza' prAkRta kI vikasita avasthA kA hI nAma hai| mArkaNDeya ke vicAra se mukhya 3 apabhraMza bhASAyeM haiM-- nAgara, brAcaDa, upanAgara / prAkRta meM zaurasenI prAkRta kI taraha apabhraMza meM 'nAgara apabhraMza' kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| 'nAgara apabhraMza' mukhyata: gujarAta meM bolI jAtI thI, 'brAcar3a' prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara '2000 - yaha deza ke pUrvIbhAga arthAt magadha pradeza kI bhASA hai| yaha mAgadhI aura zaurasenI ke bIca ke bhAga kI bhASA thI, zvetAmbara jaina AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI meM isakA svarUpa adhika kRtrima kara diye jAne se yaha lokabhASA nahIM bana sakI / yaha zaurasenI kA paravartI vikasita rUpa hai| 25

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sindha meM tathA upanAgara' siMdha ke bIca ke pradeza meM pazcima rAjasthAna aura dakSiNa paMjAba meM bolI jAtI thii|"chtthii zatAbdI meM apabhraMza kA svarNakAla prArambha huA, jisameM ucca sAhitya kI racanA prArambha huii| pariniSThita apabhraMza bhASA dasavIM zatAbdI taka pracalita rahI, usake bAda dasavIM zatAbdI se isa bhASA ne aneka zAkhAoM meM vibhAjita hokara navIna nAma dhAraNa kiye tathA aneka sthAnoM se bole jAne vAle apabhraMza aneka prakAra kI bhASAoM meM parivartita ho gye| prAntabheda ke anusAra 'nAgara' yA 'zaurasenI apabhraMza' se hindI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI aura paMjAbI kA vikAsa huaa| 'mAgadhI apabhraMza' se baMgalA, bihArI, AsAmI aura ur3iyA kA tathA 'mahArASTrI apabhraMza' se 'marAThI' kA vikAsa huaa| brAcar3a' se 'sindhI bhASA' kA janma huaa| prAntabheda se to 'nAgara' yA 'zaurasenI apabhraMza' aneka bhASAoM meM rUpAMtarita huI, kintu hindI ke vikAsa meM kAvya athavA rIti ke bheda se vaha 2 bhAgoM meM vibhAjita huI (1) DiMgala (2) piNgl| 'DiMgala' rAjasthAna kI sAhityika bhASA tathA piMgala' braja-pradeza kI sAhityika bhASA hai|"aage jAkara hindI-sAhitya kA vistAra aneka boliyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ina boliyoM ke AdhAra para jisaprakAra ke sAhitya kI racanA huI, ve haiM(1) siddhayuga kA sAhitya, (2) jaina sAhitya, (3) rAjasthAnI bhASA kA sAhitya, (4) brajabhASA kA sAhitya, (5) avadhI kA sAhitya, (6) buMdelakhaNDI sAhitya, (7) maithilI sAhitya, (8) khar3I bolI sAhitya / " "jaba apabhraMza meM Adhunika bhASAoM ke cihna dRSTigata haye, to zvetAmbara kA sAhitya adhikatara gujarAtI meM likhA gayA aura digambara-sampradAya kA sAhitya hindI Adi meN|" ata: jahA~ taka hindI bhASA kA sambandha hai, yaha apabhraMza kI sAkSAt uttarAdhikAriNI hai|" ____ isaprakAra prAkRtasrota vaidikakAla se lekara apratihatarUpa se pravAhita hotA A rahA hai| saMskRta ko niyama aura anuzAsanoM ke ghere meM itanA Abaddha kara diyA gayA ki jisase usa bhASA meM Avarta va vivarta kI lahareM utpanna na ho skii| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM ke eka chAndas srota se pravAhita hone para bhI eka samRddha yauvanA' banI rahI aura dUsarI 'kumArI yuvtii'| apabhraMza bhI bAMjha' nahIM hai| usane bhI hindI baMgalA, gujarAtI evaM marAThI, paMjAbI, rAjasthAnI Adi bhASA-santAnoM ko janma diyA hai| - isameM sandeha nahIM ki prAkRta va apabhraMza sAhitya kA vipula bhaNDAra hai| yaha zreya bhI jaina samAja ko hai, jisane saMskRta ke sAtha prAkRta apabhraMza aura prAntIya bhASAoM ke sRjana ko na kevala preraNA dekara mahattva pradAna kiyA, pratyuta use surakSita bhI rakhA; kintu kinhIM kAraNoM se ve vRhattara bhAratIya bhASA aura sAhitya ke sandarbha meM usakA vastuniSTha sAmpradAyika sAhitya nahIM, balki deza kI mukhyadhArA se jur3A huA sAhitya hai|" paravartI anya bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ke sAtha apabhraMza kA ghaniSTha sambandha hote huye bhI prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0089

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yaha saca hai ki isa bhASA evaM sAhitya kI upekSA huI hai / aura isa upekSA ke kAraNa hI hindI bhASA ( khar3I bolI ) kI utpatti aura usake sAhitya kI vidhAoM ke srota kA prazna digbhrama meM par3A huA hai| pratyeka prazna kA hala nayA prazna bana jAtA hai| 2 hindI - mukhyadhArA ke prathama sRSTA apabhraMza ke kaviyoM ko vismaraNa karanA hamAre lie bahuta hAnikAraka hai | vidyApati, kabIra, sUra, jAyasI va tulasI - ye ujjIvaka va prathama preraka rahe haiN|" hamAre madhyakAlIna kaviyoM ne apanA nAtA sirpha saMskRta ke kaviyoM se jor3e rakhA, jisase hindI-sAhitya ke aitihAsika vikAsa kI yaha mahattvapUrNa kar3I kAvya-paramparA se TUTakara alaga jA pdd'ii| bIca kI pA~ca sadiyoM ke apabhraMza kAvyoM kA thor3A-sA bhI anuzIlana hameM lAbha hI pahu~cAyegA / " ataH vRhattara bhAratIya saMskRti aura usake gatizIla mUlyoM ko samagratara adhyayana tabhI saMbhava hai; jaba saMskRta, prAkRta va apabhraMza tathA sabhI lokabhASAoM ke sAhitya kA bhI adhyayana ho / 1 bhArata meM basanevAlI koI bhI jAti yaha dAvA nahIM kara sakatI ki bhArata ke samasta mana aura vicAroM para usI kA ekAdhikAra hai / bhAraja Aja jo kucha hai, usakI racanA meM bhAratIya janatA ke pratyeka bhAga kA yogadAna hai / yadi hama isa buniyAdI bAta ko nahIM samajha pAte haiM, to phira hama bhArata ko bhI samajhane meM asamartha raheMge / aura yadi hama bhArata ko nahIM samajha sake, to hamAre bhAva -vicAra aura kAma saba ke saba adhUre raha jAyeMge aura hama deza kI aisI koI sevA nahIM kara sakeMge, jo Thosa aura prabhAvapUrNa ho / 1 AryoM ko bhAratabhUmi kA Adi-nivAsI aura ekAdhikArI mAnanA yA unheM hI kevala hindUdharma tathA hindU-saMskRti kA ekamAtra nirmAtA svIkAra karanA kadAcit upayukta na hogaa| saMskRti, sAhitya aura kalA ke kSetra meM jitanA bhI uttarAdhikAra Aja bhArata ko upalabdha hai, usake nirmANa aura abhyutthAna meM Aryetara jAtiyoM kA utanA hI hAtha rahA hai, jitanA ki Arya jAti kA / sandarbha-sUcI : 1. sandarbha saM0 1, 4, 6, 12 DaoN0 ramAzaMkara tripAThI, 'prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa', pR0saM0 kramaza: 14, 31, 24, 311 2. sandarbha saM0 2 DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI jyotiSAcArya, 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA', bhAga 1, pR0 31 3. sandarbha saM0 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 35 rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, saMskRti ke cAra adha yAya', pR0saM0 kramaza: 72, 58, 70, 72, 71, 86 prastAvanA 16 4. sandarbha saM0 5, 36 vAcaspati gairolA, 'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa', pR0 kramaza: 26, 271 5. sandarbha saM0 13, 15, 26, 27, 28 DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA, hindI sAhitya kA 090 prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara 2000

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AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR0 kramaza: 44, 45, 46-47, 48-49, 42-43 / 6. sandarbha saM0 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 30 nemicandra zAstrI, 'prAkRtabhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa', pR0 kramaza: 2, 10,5, 10, 5, 14,44,101 7. sandarbha saM0 17 puruSottama prasAda AsopA, 'AdikAla kI bhUmikA', pR0 13 / 8. sandarbha saM0 24 vIrendra zrIvAstava, 'apabhraMza bhASA kA adhyayana', pR0 5 / 9. sandarbha saM0 25, 29 DaoN0 zambhUnAtha pANDeya, 'apabhraMza aura avahaTTa' : eka atayAtrA, pR0 kramaza: 21-22,41 10. sandarbha saM0 31, 32 DaoN0 devendra kumAra jaina, riTThaNemicariu' prAkkathana, pR0saM0 kramaza: 10, 11, 12 / 11. sandarbha saM0 33, 34 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, hindI kAvyadhArA', avataraNikA, pR0 12, prArambha meM mukhya pRsstth| gAcA chaMda evaM usakI paThana-vidhi . AcArya kundakunda ne apane graMtha gAthA chaMda meM race haiM, jise saMskRta meM AryA chanda bhI kahate haiN| isameM prathama caraNa meM bAraha, dvitIya caraNa meM aTThAraha, tRtIya caraNa meM puna: bAraha tathA caturtha caraNa meM pandraha mAtrAyeM hotI haiN| isI parimANa meM yaha chaMda likhA jAtA hai aura use 'AryA bhAryApriyA' ke anusAra striyoM ke liye priya chaMda mAnA gayA hai| jaise striyA~ komala svabhAva kI hotI haiM, usIprakAra yaha chaMda bhI komalakAnta padAvalI se yukta evaM AsAnI se gAne yogya hotA hai| isa chaMda ko gAne ke bAre meM zAstroM meM dizAnirdeza diye gaye haiM, unake anusAra isa chaMda kI pahalI bAraha mAtrAyeM haMsa pakSI kI cAla meM par3hI jAnI cAhiye, dUsare caraNa kI aTThAraha mAtrAyeM jaise siMha dahAr3atA ho aise joza meM par3hI jAnI cAhiyeM; isake bAda kI bAraha mAtrAoM ko hAthI jaisI gambhIra cAla meM par3hanA cAhiye tathA aMta kI pandraha mAtrAoM ko sarpa ke samAna cAla meM par3hanA caahiye| ina saba pratIkoM kA bahuta mArmika artha bhI chanda:zAstriyoM ne pratipAdita kiyA hai, ve likhate haiM ki haMsa pakSI nIra-kSIra-viveka kA pratIka hotA hai ata: bhedavijJAnaparaka dRSTi se prathama caraNa kI bAraha mAtrAyeM par3hanI caahiye| bhedavijJAna dRSTi milane ke bAda vyakti meM puruSArtha kI pradhAnatA A jAtI hai, ata: siMha ke samAna zUravIra hokara dUsare caraNa kI aTThAraha mAtrAyeM par3hanA caahiye| isake bAda vyakti meM gambhIratA A jAnA svAbhAvika hai, ata: dUsaroM ke AkSepoM se aprabhAvita hAthI ke samAna madamasta cAla meM tIsare caraNa kI bAraha mAtrAyeM par3hI jAnI cAhiye aura sarpa kI cAla isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki vaha sArI duniyA meM Ter3hA-mer3hA bhale hI calatA hai, kintu apane bila meM vaha sIdhA hokara hI praveza karatA hai| isIprakAra isa chaMda kA caturtha caraNa kuTilavRtti chor3akara saralavRtti ke dvArA AtmadhyAna kI bhAvanA se par3hA jAnA caahiye| ** prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara 2000 0091

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eka mananIya samIkSA digambara-jaina-saMpradAya kA mahAn graMtha 'samayasAra' jaina-paraMparA ke diggaja AcArya kundakunda dvArA racA gayA hai| do hajAra varSoM se Aja taka digambara-sAdhu svayaM ko kundakundAcArya kI paraMparA kA kahalAne meM gaurava anubhava karate haiN| Aja se lagabhaga do hajAra varSa pUrva vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI meM kauNDakundapura (karnATaka) meM inakA janma huaa| mAtA-pitA ne inakA kyA nAma rakhA, yaha to jJAta nahIM; lekina inake kaI nAma pracalita haiM-- vakragrIva, elAcArya, padmanandi, gRddhapiccha ityaadi| jo nAma lokapriya huA- kundakunda, usakA kAraNa yaha hogA ki ve koNDakundapura ke nivAsI the| kavi kI kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se dekheM, to candragiri kA eka zilAlekha kahatA hai:- kunda-puSpa ke samAna dhavala prabhA hone se inheM yaha nAma prApta huaa| viMdhyagiri zilAlekha meM unakA varNana aura bhI sundara hai :- "yatIzvara kundakunda mAnoM dhUla se bharI dharatI se cAra aMgula Upara calate the| kyoMki ve antara-bAhya dhUla se mukta the|" caudahavIM zatAbdI taka AcArya kundakunda kI mahimA itanI vRddhiMgata ho gaI thI ki usa samaya ke kavi vRndAvanadAsa ko kahanA par3A ki "hue haiM, na hohiMge; muninda kundakunda se|" __ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zruta-paraMparA meM gautama gaNadhara ke sAtha kevala kundakundAcArya kA hI nAma AtA hai| anya sabhI AcArya 'Adi' zabda meM sammilita kie jAte haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI acelaka-paraMparA meM AcArya kundakunda kA avataraNa usa samaya huA jaba use unake jaise talasparzI evaM prakhara prazAsaka AcArya kI AvazyakatA thii| yaha samaya zvetAmbara-mata kA AraMbha-kAla hI thaa| usa samaya baratI huI kisI bhI prakAra kI zithilatA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mUlamArga ke lie ghAtaka siddha ho sakatI thii| AcArya kundakunda para do uttaradAyitva the :- eka to adhyAtma-zAstra ko vyavasthita lekhanarUpa denA aura dUsarA, zithila-AcAra ke viruddha sazakta Andolana claanaa| donoM hI kArya unhoMne sAmarthyapUrvaka kiye| kundakundAcArya kI graMtha-saMpadA bar3I hai| unhoMne lagabhaga AdhA darjana graMtha likhe, jinameM samayasAra (jisakA mUla nAma hai-- samayapAhuDa) sarvAdhika prabhAvazAlI rhaa| kundakandAcArya ke eka hajAra varSa bAda samayasAra' para AcArya amRtacandradeva ne saMskRta meM gaMbhIra TIkA likhI, jisakA nAma hai 'AtmakhyAti' / samayasAra kA marma jAnane ke lie Aja ise TIkA kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai| samayasAra kI prazaMsA karate hue ve ise 'jagat kA 00 92 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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advitIya cakSu' kahate haiN| unakA mAnanA hai ki 'samayasAra se zreSTha kucha bhI nahIM hai|' samayasAra kI sarvaprathama gAthA bhArata kI prAcIna-paraMparA ke anusAra, maMgalAcaraNa kI hai| yaha eka khUbasUrata rivAja thA, jo sabhI prAcIna bhAratIya zAstroM meM pAyA jAtA hai| apanI bAta zurU karane se pahale usa viSaya meM pAraMgata pUrva siddhoM aura jJAnIjanoM ko praNAma karake unake AzIrvAda kI chAyA meM lekhaka mArgastha hote haiN| kundakundAcArya bhI usI kA nirvAha karate haiN| ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki "zrutakevaliyoM (gaNadhara) dvArA kathita samayapAhuDa ko maiM Apa taka pahu~cA rahA huuN|" Aja ke ahaMkArI-yuga meM yaha vaktavya ciMtana-manana karane jaisA hai| itane mahAn graMtha kI racanA ko prAraMbha karate hue, jise do hajAra varSoM kA aMtarAla dhUmila na kara sakA, lekhaka itanA vinamra hai ki khuda isa vizAla kArya kA kartA bananA nahIM caahtaa| ve kevala isa jJAna ke vAhaka haiN| isake pazcAt ve dUsarI hI gAthA meM samaya kI paribhASA karate haiM jo ki pIche hamane dekhii| pUre graMtha ke aMta meM AcArya cetAvanI aura eka pralobhana bhI dete haiM : jo isa 'samayapAhuDa' ke vacanoM ko par3hakara usake artha ko anubhava bhI karegA vaha uttama saukhya ko prApta hogaa| bAta spaSTa hai, samayasAra kevala darzana nahIM hai, vaha eka dRSTi hai, anubhavajanya kathana hai, jo isalie kahA gayA hai, tAki ise par3hakara dUsare bhI usI anubhava ko upalabdha hoN| vAstava meM samayasAra ko punarujjIvita karanA ho, to usake zabdoM kI prAcInatA kI dhUla jhAr3akara unheM sadya:snAta, tarotAjA banAnA Avazyaka hai| kundakundAcArya kA hI pratIka leM, to ve kahate haiM :- "svarNa ko kitanA hI tapAo, usakA svarNatva khotA nahIM", usIprakAra karmoM kI Aga meM tapakara bhI jJAnI apanA jJAna khotA nahIM hai| jJAnI ke zabdoM meM bhI usake jJAna kA svarNa bharA huA hai| use Aga se kyA bhaya ? kundakundAcArya ke eka hajAra sAla bAda AcArya amRtacandra deva ne 'amRtakhyAti' TIkA likhakara samayasAra ko samasAmAyika bnaayaa| unakI abhivyakti Adhunika manuSya se adhika nikaTa hai, bajAe svayaM kundakundAcArya ke| Aja phira se eka hajAra sAla bAda use puna:navIna karane kI AvazyakatA hai| isa graMtha ko par3hanevAlA kama se kama kundakundAcArya kA aMtima saMdeza hI samajha le, to samayasAra samasAmAyika ho skegaa| "jo bhavya jIva isa graMtha ko vacanarUpa se tattvarUpa se jAnakara usake artha meM sthita hogA vaha uttama saukhya ko prApta hogaa|" jainiyoM dvArA nirmita kI huI yaha zreSThatama pustaka hai| kundakunda buddhapuruSa the| ve puna: paidA nahIM ho skte| samayasAra kA artha hai :- saar-suutr| agara kabhI kundakunda kA samayasAra tumheM milA, to use dAhine hAtha meM pakar3anA, bAyeM hAtha meM nhiiN| yaha dAhine hAtha kI pustaka hai- hara taraha se daahinii| ___-(ozo TAimsa, mArca 2001, pRSTha 41-43 para prakAzita DaoN0 bhArilla-kRta samayasAra anuzIlana' kI samIkSA se sAbhAra uddhRta mananIya aMza) prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 40 93

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pustaka kA nAma mUla lekhaka (pustaka-samIkSA (1) : pajjuNNacariu (pradyumnacarita) : mahAkavi siMha sampAdana evaM anu0 : pro0 ( DaoN0 ) vidyAvatI jaina prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI : saMskaraNa : prathama, 2000 I0 mUlya : 300/- (zAstrAkAra, pakkI bAiMDiMga, lagabhaga 512 pRSTha ) Aja prAcIna AcAryoM evaM manISiyoM kI racanAoM kA anusandhAna karake una para prAmANika sampAdana, anuvAda kArya karake prakAzita karAne vAle Thosa vidvAnoM evaM viduSiyoM kA prAya: abhAva ho calA hai / apane nAma se pustakeM likhakara samAja evaM prakAzana saMsthAnoM se chapAne kA hI kArya vidvattA evaM prakAzana ke nAma para jainasamAja meM mukhyatA se ho rahA hai| aise meM eka anubhavI viduSI kI pavitra lekhanI se sampAdita evaM anUdita hokara AnevAlI yaha racanA nizcaya hI atyanta bahumAna ke yogya hai / isakA prakAzana vikhyAta sAhitya - prakAzana saMsthA 'bhAratIya jJAnapITha' ne kiyA hai| prakAzana-saMsthA ke stara ke anurUpa mudraNa va prakAzana nayanAbhirAma evaM starIya haiM / viduSI saMpAdikA kI atyaMta zodhapUrNa vizada evaM mahattvapUrNa prastAvanA bhI cittAkarSaka haiM, jisameM uccastarIya anusaMdhAna evaM sampAdana ke Adarza - mAnadaNDoM kA paripAlana spaSTarUpa se parilakSita hai| 0094 viduSI pro0 (DaoN0) vidyAvatI jaina vartamAna jaina viduSI - 1 - paramparA meM pANDulipiyoM kA prAmANika sampAdana va anuvAda karanevAlI saMbhavata: sarvAdhika anubhavI evaM suparicita hastAkSara haiM / unakI lekhanI ke saMsparza se prakAza meM Ane vAle prAcIna aprakAzita sAhitya kI eka yazasvI paramparA hai, jisase vidvajjagat evaM jainasamAja suparicita hai / apabhraMza bhASA meM racita mahAkavi siMha kI isa vizAlakAya racanA kA vibhinna pANDulipiyoM se prAmANika sampAdana evaM zabda - artha kI susaMgati se samanvita anuvAda prastuta honA isa saMskaraNa kI zrIvRddhi karatA hai| prAkRtavidyA-- aktUbara-disambara '2000

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vastutaH aisA mahanIya prakAzana karake prakAzaka - saMsthAna kI hI pratiSThA bar3hI hai / kyoMki anekoM jaina samAja kI prakAzaka - saMsthAyeM mAtra 'TrekTa' stara ke prakAzana karake apanI vAhavAhI karAne kI ceSTA karatI rahatI haiN| jabaki bhAratIya jJAnapITha jaise yazasvI prakAzana kI yaha paramparA hai ki usake dvArA bhAratIya vAGmaya kA anusaMdhAnapUrNa sampAdana evaM usakA mUlAnugAmI anuvAda tathA uccastarIya prakAzana kisI bhI prakAzita kRti ko gauravAnvita karane ke liye paryApta hai| isa saMsthAna ke dvArA aise mahanIya graMthoM ke prakAzana kI eka sudIrgha paramparA hai, ata: aise saMsthAna ke dvArA prakAzita hone se isa kRti kI bhI vidvajjanoM meM svata: pratiSThA bar3hegI tathA isakA upayukta vyaktiyoM taka vyApaka pracAra-prasAra ho skegaa| paurANika mahApuruSa pradyumna ke yazasvI jIvana-caritra ko atisundara DhaMga se gUMthakara racI gayI yaha kRti hara Ayuvarga evaM hara stara ke vyaktiyoM ke liye subodhagamya evaM preraNAspada siddha ho sakegI - aisA merA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai / isakA kathAnaka paramparAgata naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke sAtha-sAtha Adhunika paristhitiyoM meM bhI bahuta preraka hai| maiM viduSI saMpAdikA evaM prakAzaka- saMsthAna kA isa prakAzana ke liye hArdika abhinaMdana karatA hU~ tathA samAja ke pratyeka varga se isakA svAdhyAya karane kI apIla karatA hU~ / vastuta: yaha pratyeka vyakti ke nijI saMgraha meM rakhane yogya anupama racanA hai| aise anupama zodhakArya evaM uccastarIya prakAzana ke liye yaha saMskaraNa sampUrNa samAja ke dvArA sammAna ke yogya hai / -sampAdaka ** pustaka kA nAma mUla lekhaka sampAdaka prakAzaka saMskaraNa mUlya (2) : Samdesarasaka of Abdala Rahamana : mahAkavi addahamANa (abdula rahamAna ) pro0 eca0sI0 bhayAnI : prAkRta TaiksTa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda : prathama, 1999 I0 : 65/- (DimAI sAIz2a, pepara baika, lagabhaga 120 pRSTha) hindI evaM apabhraMza ke saMdhiyugInakAla ke mahAkavi addahamANa musalamAna hote huye bhI bhAratIya bhASAoM evaM saMskRti ke apratima vizeSajJa the / unake dvArA racita 'saMdezarAsaka' nAmaka kAvya ke apabhraMza bhASA meM racita hote huye bhI prAkRta evaM hindI ina donoM ke prabhAva evaM vikAsa ko bhalIbhA~ti citrita karatA hai| isameM bhAratIya saMskRti, darzana, itihAsa evaM manovijJAna Adi kA jaisA prabhAvI nirUpaNa prApta hotA hai, vaisA anyatra bahuta durlabha hai| isIliye svanAmadhanya DaoN0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla prabhRti marmajJa vidvAnoM ne isa kRti kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| prAkRtavidyA + aktUbara-disambara 2000 0095

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videzI vidvAnoM ne bhI anekatra isake viSaya meM vibhinna videzI bhASAoM meM bahuta kucha likhA hai, kintu aMgrejI meM isake Upara koI samagra pustaka dRSTigocara nahIM hotI thI / yaha eka atyaMta harSa kA viSaya hai ki prAcyabhAratIya bhASAoM ke marmajJa vidvAn pro0 eca0sI0 bhayANI jI ne zArIrika asamarthatA hote huye bhI eka atyaMta zramasAdhya evaM vidvajjanagrAhya kRti kA nirmANa aMgrejI bhASA meM kiyA hai, tAki vizvabhara ke adhika se adhika loga isa kRti kI mahanIyatA se paricita ho sakeM / samasta vidvAnoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ke liye to yaha kRti avazya paThanIya hai hI, jijJAsu pAThakoM ke liye bhI yaha paryApta upayogI siddha hogii| isa upayogI prakAzana ke liye pro0 bhayAnI evaM prakAzaka- saMsthAna donoM hI abhinaMdanIya haiN| -sampAdaka ** (3) pustaka kA nAma : mUla lekhaka sampAdaka prakAzaka saMskaraNa mUlya : : 0096 1. Ritthanemicariya (Harivamsapurana) Uttarakamda mahAkavi svayaMbhUdeva pro0 rAmasiMha tomara prAkRta TaiksTa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda 1. prathama, 2000 I0 : 75/- (DimAI sAIja, pepara baika, lagabhaga 120 pRSTha) bhAratIya bhASAoM ke sAhitya ko samRddha karane meM jainAcAryoM evaM manISiyoM kA sadA se ullekhanIya yogadAna rahA hai / apabhraMza ke apratima mahAkavi svayaMbhU ne apanI kAlajayI kRtiyoM ke dvArA eka aise patha ko prazasta kiyA hai, jisa para calakara paravartI hindI ke mahAkavi tulasIdAsa jaise anekoM mahAkaviyoM ne apane sAhitya ko upajIvita kiyA hai| mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jaise viziSTa samAlocaka vidvAnoM ne isa tathya ko vyApaka anusaMdhAna evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana dvArA anekatra pramANita kiyA hai| inhIM mahAkavi svayaMbhU kI riTThaNemicariu' nAmaka kRti ko atyaMta vaijJAnika rIti se susampAdita kara svanAmadhanya pro0 rAmasiMha tomara jI ne prakAzanArtha nirmita kiyA, tathA prAkRta TaiksTa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda ke dvArA isakA prakAzana huA yaha vidvAnoM ke bIca paryApta harSadAyaka sUcanA hai / yadyapi isa saMskaraNa meM riTThaNemicariu' ke mAtra 'uttarakANDa' kA hI mUla sampAdita saMskaraNa prakAzita huA hai, tathA isameM anuvAda, sampAdanazailI - darzaka sampAdakIya evaM prastAvanA kA abhAva hai; phira bhI pro0 bhayAnI ke prAkkathana se isake mUlapATha ke sampAdana kI mahanIyatA pramANita ho jAtI hai| samasta vidvAnoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ke liye to yaha kRti avazya paThanIya hai hI, jijJAsu pAThakoM ke liye bhI yaha paryApta upayogI siddha hogii| isa upayogI prakAzana ke liye pro0 rAmasiMha tomara evaM prakAzaka saMsthAna donoM hI abhinaMdanIya haiN| -sampAdaka ** prAkRtavidyA + aktUbara-disambara 2000

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pustaka kA nAma : pravacanasAra kI azeSa prAkRta-saMskRta zabdAnukramaNikA saMkalaka : DaoN0 ke0Ara0 candra, zobhanA Ara0 zAha' prakAzaka : prAkRta TaiksTa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda saMskaraNa : prathama, 2000 I0 mUlya : 60/- (DimAI sAIz2a, pepara baika, lagabhaga 65 pRSTha) ___ AcArya kundakundapraNIta 'pavayaNasAra' (pravacanasAra) nAmaka grantha bhAratIya darzanazAstra meM apratima sthAna rakhatA hai| zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA meM nibaddha yaha grantha dArzanika, sAhityika evaM bhASika --tInoM dRSTiyoM se vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| isa graMtha para pro0 e0ena0 upAdhye jaise mahanIya vidvAnoM ne gambhIra zodhakArya karake mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai| bAda meM aura bhI kaI vidvAnoM ne aneka dRSTiyoM se isa para apanI lekhanI calAI hai| dArzanika jagat ke sAtha-sAtha prAcya bhAratIya vidyAvidoM meM bhI yaha paryApta carcita grantha hai| isa grantha kI zabdAnukramaNikA isa kRti ke rUpa meM prakAzita huI hai, joki pravacanasAra ke kisI prAcIna saMskaraNa ke pariziSTa kI bhA~ti pratIta hotI hai| Adhunika zodha-vidhi ke zodhArthiyoM ke liye yaha prakAzana upayogI ho sakatA hai| sampAdaka ** (5) pustaka kA nAma : apabhraMza kAvya kI lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kA hindI para prabhAva lekhikA : DaoN0 alakA pracaNDiyA prakAzaka : tArAmaNDala, alIgar3ha (u0pra0) saMskaraNa : prathama, 2001 I0 mUlya : 250/- (DimAI sAIz2a, gate kI pepara baika jilda, lagabhaga 260 pRSTha) prAkRtabhASA kI lAr3alI duhitA apabhraMza apane Apa meM prAkRta ke zabdasampatti evaM saMskAra se samRddha upayogI bhAratIya bhASA hai, jisase Adhunika hindI bhASA vikasita huI hai| sAhityika apabhraMza kA vikAsa vidvAnoM ne spaSTarUpa se zaurasenI prAkRta se mAnA hai| ata: zaurasenI prAkRta ke zabda-bhaNDAra, zailI vaiziSTya evaM prayogoM kA anuzIlana apabhraMza-sAhitya ke dvArA bhalI-bhA~ti kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI hindI kA vikAsa isI apabhraMza bhASA ke dvArA hone se hindI bhASA meM bhI apabhraMza ke bahuvidha prayoga spaSTa parilakSita hote haiN| paramparita lokoktiyoM evaM muhAvaroM kI apabhraMza se lekara hindI taka kI yAtrA kA lekhA-jokhA isa zodhaprabandhAtmaka kRti meM viduSI lekhikA ne zramapUrvaka prastuta kiyA hai| isaprakAra yaha kRti prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI -- ina tInoM bhASAoM ke jijJAsu pAThakoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ke liye upayogI siddha ho sakatI hai| -sampAdaka ** prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 0097

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abhimata 0 Apase zimalA meM bheMTa huI thI, usI samaya ApakI sakriyatA, vaiduSya aura jayapura ke kAryakAla ke bAre meM jJAta huaa| DaoN0 harirAma AcArya jI ne bhI prAkRta ke kSetra meM Apake evaM ApakI saMsthA ke dvArA kiye jA rahe racanAtmaka pramANika kAryoM ke bAre meM batAyA thaa| 'prAkRtavidyA' bahuta saMgrahaNIya sAmagrI de rahI hai, yaha maiMne pichale do-eka aMkoM ke adhyayana se paayaa| kucha samaya pUrva mujhe kucha aMka mile the| zAyada Apake hI saujanya se| Apa ise naye AyAma de rahe haiM --yaha mujhe mAlUma hai| -pro0 kalAnAtha zAstrI, jayapura ** 0 'prAkRtavidyA' varSa 12, aMka 2 milA, bahuta-bahuta dhnyvaad| ApakA yaha prakAzana bahuta mUlyavAna hai| jitane lekha prakAzita hue haiM, ve sabhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| 'ahiMsA hI vizva meM zAMti kA upAya' --yaha zrImatI iMdu jaina kA lekha prabhAvI aura uttama hai| sAmAnyata: sabhI lekha mUlyavAn haiN| __DI0ema0 goradAliyA, zrI varddhamAna jaina dhArmika lAibrerI, amarelI (gujarAta) ** 0 'prAkRtavidyA' kA julAI-sitambara 2000 aMka prApta huaa| 'jainadarzana meM jina' zabda kI vyAkhyA' DaoN0 dayAcandra sAhityAcArya kA lekha bahuta acchA jJAnavardhaka lagA jisameM 'jina' zabda ke vibhinna pahaluoM ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| bdhaaii| -nathamala koThArI, bAloda (chattIsagar3ha) ** Sir, I Asa Ram Jain, am grateful for publishing quarterly "PrakritVidhya" Journal, which is not only very-very authentic but also contains very useful data regarding various 37241 Ha subjects, which is not easily available elsewhere. In this connection, I am inviting your kind attention to the Chapter "NamokAra maMtra kI jApa-saMkhyA aura paMca-taMtrI vINA" Pages 36-39 in April-June, 2000 Edition. Total of all the Japs of Maha-Mantra (p.37) is not correct. It shall be 4,13,400 and not 3,73,400. It is requested that necessary correction may kindly be notified to all concerned. -Asa Ram Jain, Doorbhash Nagar, Bareli (U.P.) ** 0098 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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O Dear Sir Jain, It was indeed nice to get a copy of the 'Prakrit Vidhya' so meticulously and painstakingly edited by you and other scholars of Prakrit and Jainology. The literary, linguistic, philosophical and religious themes of the research articles throw fresh light on the chosen topics. The volume also takes into care original composition and book reviews thus making it holistic representative of studies in Prakrit. I thank you and congratulate you on this academic endeavour. I write a verse to say my feelings for the journal: vidyA prAkRtabhAratIvikasitA kAlAccirAtsaJcitA, zAstraistattvavitAnatathyakathanaista:: smunmiilitaa| satkAvyakusumairvibhUSitatanU saddharmasandhAyinI, saiSA prAkRtavidyayA matipathe pAnyAyatAM zreyase / / Thanking you again and with best personal regards. -S.M. Mishra, Deptt. of Sanskrit, Kurukshetra ** 0 julAI-sitambara 2000 kA 'prAkRtavidyA' aMka lAibrerI meM par3hane ko milA, AvaraNa pRSTha dekhakara evaM kamaNDalu meM hI bhUmaNDala kA ahiMsaka arthazAstra' svarUpa saTIka 'vyAkhyA par3hakara bahuta acchA lgaa| Apako vizeSa bdhaaii| 'samAjadharma' para sampAdakIya bahuta ullekhanIya hai| vAstava meM pratyeka zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko bhAvAnurAga, premAnurAga, majjAnurAga evaM dharmAnurAga yukta honA cAhie tabhI jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA meM dinoMdina uttarottara vRddhi hogii| "yena kena prakAreNa jainadharmaH pravardhata" kA vrata jainasamAja ke pratyeka vyakti ko aMgIkAra karanA hI hogaa| isakA pariNAma bhI bahuta bhavya hai-- "ruci: pravartate yasya jain-shaasn-bhaasne| haste tasya sthitA muktiriti sUtre nigadyate / / " bhagavAn jinendra ke zAsana kI prabhAvanA karane kI jisa bhavyajIva kI ruci/icchA pravartita hotI hai, usake lie mukti to hAtha meM hI rakhI hai-- aisA sUtra meM kahA hai| isI zubha bhAvanA ke saath| -DaoN0 munnI puSpA jaina, vArANasI ** 0 Apake kuzala nirdezana meM prakAzita 'prAkRtavidyA' ko vigata do varSoM se nirantara par3hane kA suyoga prApta ho rahA hai| samakAlIna jaina sAhitya se sambandhita jJAna meM samRddhi kA yaha mahattvapUrNa srota hai| julAI-sitambara 2000 I0 ke aMka ke mukhapRSTha para aMkita kamaNDalu kA citra (ahiMsaka arthazAstra kamaNDalu meM hI bhUmaNDala kA arthazAstra hai - ise saMdeza ke sAtha) sampAdaka maNDala ke sUkSma-cintana va rASTriIya cetanA kA dyotaka hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM mAnava-jAti ko isase preraNA grahaNa karanI caahiye| isa sarAhanIya prayAsa ke liye Apa zataza: dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| -pro0 (zrImatI) urmilA Ananda, AgarA ** prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 1099

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0 prAkRtavidyA' kA julAI-sitambara 2000 I0 kA aMka hAtha meM hai| patrikA ke sabhI lekha evaM sampAdakIya preraNAprada, zikSAprada evaM mananIya hai| mukhya pRSTha kA citra 'ahiMsaka arthazAstra: kamaNDalu meM hI bhUmaNDalaM kA arthazAstra hai' atyaMta preraNAprada aura dizAbodhaka hai| kamaNDalu ke citra ne binA kucha kahe, bahuta kucha kaha diyaa| isa kalpanAzIlatA evaM saMyojana hetu sAdara nmn| zrImatI bindu jaina kI racanA zikSA va saMskRti ke utthAna kI mahAn prerikA ciroMjAbAI' par3ha kara do yugoM ke bIca sAmAjika/dhArmika dRSTikoNa meM Aye badalAva kA aMrtahRdaya paTala para sahaja hI citrita ho gyaa| mA~ ciroMjAbAI ke dharmaputra pUjya gaNezaprasAda jI varNI ke yuga meM bundelakhaNDa kI zuddhAmnAyI jaina saMskRti evaM samAja pallavita-puSpita huaI thiiN| unake mahat prayAsoM se bundelakhaNDa evaM vArANasI meM vidyAlaya, mahAvidyAlaya, jaina-pAThazAlAyeM, gurUkula evaM AzramoM kI sthApanA meM zrImaMtoM evaM jana-sAmAnya ne apane dhana kA sadupayoga kara, bundelakhaMDa ko paMDita ratnoM kI khAna aura zrAvakoM kI sAdhanA-bhUmi banA diyA thaa| pratyeka dhArmika Ayojana se prApta dhanarAzi kA upayoga jainazikSA evaM samAja kalyANa meM hotA thaa| yaha saba paramasammAnIya ciroMjAbAI kI dharma-lagana evaM unake ajaina mUla ke dharmaputra zrI gaNezaprasAda jI varNI ke jainadharma evaM jaina-saMskRti ke prati asIma pragAr3ha prema kA paricAyaka thaa| unake isa mahAn yogadAna se jainasamAja sadaiva uRNI rhegaa| unhoMne yaha kArya nispRha evaM nirmAnabhAva se kiyaa| kahIM koI zilAlekha evaM sammAna Adi prApta nahIM kiyaa| ve jana-jana ke hRdaya paTala para sadaiva ko utkIrNa ho gaye the| ___ Apa se anurodha hai ki jaina itihAsa ke sRjaka mahAnubhAvoM ke para-kalyANaparaka, rASTrahitakAraka kRtyoM/sevAoM/balidAna evaM dakSiNa bhArata kI niSpahI saMskRti kI gAthAoM ko bhI prAkRtavidyA meM sthAna dete raheM, to mahAn kRpA hogii| -DaoN0 rAjendra kumAra baMsala, amalAI. (ma0pra0) ** 0 julAI-sitambara 2000 prAkRtavidyA' aMka prApta huaa| AvaraNa pRSTha meM jisa gUDharahasya ko sAmane rakhakara diyA gayA hai, vaha dUradarzitA kA paricAyaka hai| sampAdakIya meM viziSTa vyaktiyoM para dRSTipAta karane sAmAjika mUlyoM kI pratibaddhatA kA saMketAtmaka vivaraNa milatA hai| ciroMjAbAI tathA AcArya zAntisAgara saMbaMdhI vivaraNa Atmika hokara amala karane yogya hai| prAkRtachaMda-gAhA eka navIna khojapUrNa sthiti sAmane rakhatA hai| dazalakSaNadharma-saMbaMdhI lekha kA vizada vizleSaNa prabhAvotpAdaka hokara mArgadarzaka kA kArya karatA hai - anukaraNIya hai| jainadarzana meM 'jina' zabda kI vyAkhyA-sambandhI vizleSaNa grahaNa karane yogya hai| sAtha hI 'pavayaNasAra' ke maMgalAcaraNa kA samIkSAtmaka mUlyAMkana vicAraNIya hai| isIprakAra ASAr3hI pUrNimA saMbaMdhI vivecana saMkSipta hote hue bhI atyanta sAragarbhita hai| ____ aMka kI anya sAmagrI bhI sAmayika hokara paThanIya hai| isaprakAra aMka sundara bana par3A hai| badhAI svIkAra kiijie| saca to yaha hai ki 'prAkRtavidyA' ke sabhI aMka saMgrahaNIya hote haiN| aneka navIna bAteM sAmane rakhakara bauddhika vikAsa meM sahAyaka hote haiM --yaha bar3I 00 100 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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vizeSatA hai| patra kI sUcanA apekSita hai| madanamohana varmA, gvAliyara, (ma0pra0) ** 0 'prAkRtavidyA' ke aMka pichale eka varSa se prApta ho rahe haiM, AbhAra / sampAdana/lekha sabhI sAmagrI saMgrAhya hai| Apake dvArA bhejI gayI patrikA ke pratyeka pRSTha/paMkti ko maiM bahuta manoyoga se par3hatA huuN| -paM0 viSNukAnta zukla, sahAranapura, (u0pra0) ** 0 'prAkRtavidyA' kA navInatama aMka prApta huaa| kalevara kI samRddhatA se mana prasanna ho gyaa| ApakI nikharI zailI ke digdarzana pratyeka Alekha ke sampAdakIya meM hote haiN| -DaoN0 jinendra jaina, lADanUM (rAja.) ** * 'prAkRtavidyA' ko maiM niyamita rUpa se mana lagAkara par3hatA huuN| isake pratipAdya viSaya to atyadhika sAragarbhita hote hI haiM, kintu mujhe isakI zailI vizeSata: AkarSita karatI hai| mukhyarUpa se Apake saMpAdakIya lekha evaM anya lekha yaha sakSama rIti se pramANita karate haiM ki . sAhityika bhASA meM bhI bharapUra AkarSaNa hotA hai| abhI taka maiM yaha samajhatA thA ki mAtra saralabhASA hI citta ko AkarSita karatI hai, kintu prAkRtavidyA' meM ApakI lekhanI ne yaha pramANita kara diyA ki sAhityika bhASA meM bhI bharapUra lAlitya evaM lokAkarSaNa hotA hai| -azoka bar3ajAtyA, iMdaura (ma0pra0) ** vidyAdhyayana kI vidhi "tato'sya paJcame varSe prathamataradarzane, jJeya: kriyAvidhirnAmnA lipisaMkhyAnasaMgrahaH / yathAvibhavamatrApi jJeya: pUjAparicchadaH, upAdhyAyapade cAsya mato'dhItI gRhvrtii|| -(AcArya jinasena, AdipurANa, 38/248) artha :- tadananda pA~caveM varSa meM komalamati bAlaka ko sarvaprathama akSaroM kA darzana karAne ke lie lipi 'saMkhyAna' nAma kI kriyA kI vidhi kI jAtI hai| __ isa kriyA meM bhI apane vaibhava ke anusAra sarasvatI-pUjA Adi kI sAmagrI juTAnI cAhiye aura adhyayana karane meM kuzala cAritravAn gRhasthAcArya ko hI usa bAlaka ke upAdhyAya (adhyApaka) ke pada para niyukta karanA caahiye| sa vRttacUlazcalakAkapakSakairamAtyaputraiH svyobhirnvit:| liperyathAvadgrahaNena vAGmaye nadImukheneva samudramAvizat / / -(raghuvaMza, 3/28) artha :- mahArAja ayodhyApati dilIpa ne apane Atmaja kumAra raghu kA yathAvidhi cUDAkarma (garbhakeza-muNDana) saMskAra kiyaa| vaha kumAra zira para naye nikale masRNamadula zyAmakezoM se (jinheM kauve ke paMkhoM jaisA kRSNa hone se kAkapakSa kahate haiM) zobhAyamAna apane samAna tulyarUpa-vaya: maMtriputroM ke sAtha gurukula meM jAne lgaa| vahA~ usane svaravyaJjanAtmikA lipi kA jJAna prApta kiyA, jisase use zabda-vAkyAdirUpa Arambhika vAGmaya meM praveza karanA usIprakAra sarala ho gayA, jaise nadI meM bahakara AnevAle kisI makarAdi jalacara pazu ko samudra-praveza sulabha ho jAtA hai| prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 10 101

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samAcAra darzana prAkRtabhASA vibhAga kA suyaza zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya), naI dillI meM navanirmita 'prAkRtabhASA vibhAga' ne apanI sthApanAkAla se hI nirantara yazasvI kAryoM kI paramparA pravartita kara dI hai| vidyApITha stara para uttama parIkSA pariNAma ke sAtha-sAtha isa vibhAga ke prathama baica ke chaha chAtroM ne vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga' dvArA rASTriya stara para Ayojita kI jAne vAlI 'rASTriya vyAkhyAtA arhatA pratiyogI parIkSA' (N.E.T.) meM bhI advitIya yaza arjita kara vibhAga kI khyAti bar3hAyI hai / aise avasara bahuta durlabha rahe haiM, jaba kisI navasthApita vibhAga ke chAtroM kA isa parIkSA meM prathama bAra meM hI zata-pratizata parIkSA - pariNAma rahA ho, kiMtu prAkRtabhASA vibhAga ko yaha suyaza milA hai| vibhAga kI chAtrA zrImatI raMjanA jaina ne vibhAga evaM vidyApITha meM sarvocca varIyatA prApta karane ke sAtha-sAtha isa parIkSA meM bhI sarvocca varIyatA ke sAtha 'jUniyara risarca phelozipa' (J.R.F.) ke lie kvAlIphAI kiyA hai tathA zeSa pA~ca chAtroM-- 1. prabhAtakumAra dAsa, 2. zrImatI maMjUSA seThI, 3. azoka kumAra jaina, 4. amita kumAra jaina evaM 5. rajanIza zukla ne 'vyAkhyAtA arhatA' (N.E.T.) arjita kI hai| prAkRtabhASA vibhAga ke ina chahoM chAtroM ko yazasvI jIvana ke lie hArdika badhAI / -sampAdaka ** prakhyAta zikSAvid DaoN0 maNDana mizra jI ko 'mahAmahopAdhyAya' prazasti mahAmanA madanamohana mAlavIya jI dvArA sthApita vizvastarIya deza ke supratiSThita vizvavidyAlaya 'banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya' ke dvArA 'padmazrI' sammAna se vibhUSita vizvaprasiddha zikSAvid svanAmadhanya DaoN0 maNDanamizra jI ko 'mahAmahopAdhyAya' kI supratiSThita sarvocca prazasti bhavya samArohapUrvaka samarpita kara sampUrNa zikSAjagat ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai| So maNDana mizra jI kI anupama zaikSika sevAoM kI sampUrNa vizva meM pratiSThA hai| saMskRta bhASA ko jhopar3I se rASTrapati bhavana taka pahu~cAkara aba ve saMskRta ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRtabhASA ko bhI isIprakAra pratiSThita karane ke lie aharniza prayatnazIla haiM / 'banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya' dvArA samarpita prazasti kA chAyAcitra yahA~ avikalarUpa se prastuta hai :yadyapi DaoN0 maNDanamizra jI jaise apratima manISI sAdhaka ko pAkara yaha prazasti hI prAkRtavidyA + aktUbara-disambara '2000 DO 102

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kAzIhindUvizvavidyAlayaH mahAmahopAdhyAya: vidvatpariSadanena pramANapatreNa kAzIhindUvizvavidyAlayasya "mahAmahopAdhyAya:" iti sammAnitAM padavIM prakRSTapadasya samupalabdhInAJca kRte AcAryazrImaNDanamizramahodayamabhyarhayati / pradAya kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya mahAmahopAdhyAya kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya kI vidvatpariSad AcArya zrI maNDana mizra ko unakI pratiSThA evaM upalabdhiyoM ke lie "mahAmahopAdhyAya" kI mAnada upAdhi pradAna karatI hai| BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY Mahamahopadhyaya The Academic Council of the Banaras Hindu University hereby confers the Degree of "Mahamahopadhyaya" Honoris Causa on Acharya Shri Mandan Mishra in recognition of his eminent position and attainments. Dated: 22nd November, 2000 3.c.8 kulapati: /kulapati/VICE-CHANCELLOR DaoNo maNDana mizra jI ko pradatta prazasti kA citra pratiSThita huI hai, tathApi prAkRtavidyA - parivAra kI ora se paramasammAnya DaoN0 maNDana mizra jI ko isa prazasti-lAbha ke suavasara para unake dIrgha svastha jIvana evaM uttarottara anupama yazasvI kAryoM kI saphalatA ke lie vinamra zubhakAmanAyeM sAdara samarpita haiM / -sampAdaka ** prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara 2000 00 103

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kundakunda bhAratI prAMgaNa meM vizvabhara ke yazasvI dArzanikoM kA samAgama gurudeva ravIndranAtha Taigora evaM DaoN sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNan jaise yazasvI kAlajayI mahApuruSoM dvArA sthApita 'bhAratIya darzana pariSad' kI sthApanA ke 75 varSa pUrNa hone ke suavasara para Ayojita hIraka jayantI samAroha' ke prasaMga meM vizva dArzanika mahAdhivezana' kA Ayojana rAjadhAnI naI dillI meM garimApUrvaka kiyA gyaa| isa kAryakrama ke do mahattvapUrNa satra dinAMka 30 evaM 31 disambara 2000 ko kundakunda bhAratI prAMgaNa meM Ayojita kiye gye| isa mahAdhivezana meM vizvabhara se padhAre lagabhaga 1250 dArzanika vidvAn yahA~ ke parisara, vyavasthA evaM kAryakrama kI garimA ko dekhakara bhAvavibhora ho utthe| dinAMka 30 disambara ke vizeSa satra meM pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja kA 'agni meM jIvatvazakti' viSayaka udbodhana abhUtapUrva rhaa| isa avasara para agni meM jIvatvazakti ke bAre meM jina akATya pramANoM ko adbhuta pratipAdana zailI ke dvArA prastuta kiyA, usase sabhI vidvAn va zrotAgaNa bhAvavibhora ho utthe| isa udbodhana kI mudrita pustakAkAra prati bhI sabhI ko upalabdha karAyI gyii| kAryakrama kA garimApUrvaka saMcAlana karate hue DaoN0 sudIpa jaina ne samAgata vidvAnoM ko saMsthA kI gatividhiyoM evaM yojanAoM kI prabhAvI rUparekhA se paricita karAyA tathA pUjya AcAryazrI ke maMgala sAnnidhya meM hue kAryoM kI jAnakArI dI, jisase ve abhibhUta ho utthe| isa kAryakrama meM darzanazAstra ke videzI vidvAnoM ke atirikta eka sau kRtakArya (riTAyarDa) bhAratIya prophesaroM ko bhI mAlyArpaNa zaoNla-samarpaNa evaM svarNamaMDita padaka ke sAtha sammAnarAzi pradAna kara kundakunda bhAratI kI ora se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| isa sundara Ayojana ke lie mahAdhivezana ke saMyojaka DaoN0 esa0Ara0 bhaTTa ne kundakunda bhAratI ke prati hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita kii| isa Ayojana meM DaoN0 kamalacaMda sogAnI, DaoN0 vIrasAgara jaina, DaoN jayakumAra upAdhye, zrI surendra kumAra jauharI, zrI rUpeza jaina, zrI mahendra kumAra jaina (pUrvapArSada) Adi sajjanoM kA bhI ullekhanIya sahayoga rhaa| -sampAdaka ** 'brAhmI lipi-viSayaka kAryazAlA sampanna kundakunda bhAratI prAMgaNa meM pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI ke sAnnidhya meM prAya: abhUtapUrva kAryakramoM kA Ayojana hotA rahatA hai| isI zrRMkhalA meM navavarSa kI prabhAtabelA meM dinAMka 8.1.2001 se 14.1.2001 taka brAhmI lipi' viSayaka kAryazAlA kA Ayojana prakhyAta lipivettA manISIpravara pro0 ke0ke0 thapalyAla (kRtakArya prophesara evaM kalAsaMkAya pramukha, lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya) ke nidezakatva meM kiyA gyaa| isa kAryazAlA meM pro0 thapalyAla jI ne to sAtoM dina 'brAhmI lipi' kA saiddhAntika, aitihAsika evaM vyAvahArika jJAna karAyA hI, sAtha hI zrI Ara0sI0 tripAThI (mahAsaciva rAjyasabhA), pro0 munIza candra jozI (pUrva mahAnidezaka 'bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa), pro0 esa0esa0 rANA (pUrva prophesara dillI vizvavidyAlaya), DaoN0 ravIndra vaziSTha (variSTha prAdhyApaka dillI vizvavidyAlaya), pro0 00 104 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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kapila kapUra (kulAnudezika, ja0lA0ne0 vizvavidyAlaya, naI dillI) evaM zrI anaMtasAgara avasthI (vizeSa saciva zikSA, dillI sarakAra ) Adi kA sArasvata avadAna bhI ullekhanIya rahA / 'samApana satra' ke adhyakSa vizvavikhyAta zikSAvid pro0 vAcaspati upAdhyAya (kulapati, zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI) ne apane udbodhana se samAgata vidyAnurAgiyoM ko maMtramugdha kara diyaa| isa satra ke mukhya atithi suprasiddha samAjasevI sAhU ramezacandra jI jaina the| isa kAryazAlA kA saphala saMcAlana DaoN0 sudIpa jaina ne kiyA / isa kAryazAlA meM javAharalAla neharU vizvavidyAlaya sahita dillI ke pramukha zikSA saMsthAnoM ke adhyApakoM, zodhArthiyoM evaM jijJAsu logoM ne utsAhapUrvaka bhAga liyA / aMta meM vidhivat nAmAMkita praviSTujanoM ko pramANapatra vitarita kiye gaye / isa kAryazAlA ke sahasaMyojaka saMsthAna 'bhArata saMskRta samavAya' ke saciva DaoN0 saMtoSa kumAra zukla, kundakunda bhAratI ke DaoN0 vIrasAgara jaina evaM DaoN0 jayakumAra upAdhye kA sahayoga bhI ullekhanIya rhaa| -sampAdaka ** DaoNo jayakizana prasAda khaNDelavAla ko 'AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI sammAna' DaoN0 jayakizana prasAda khaNDelavAla, nidezaka - vRndAvana zodha saMsthAna, mathurA ko uttara pradeza hindI sAhitya sammelana ke rAyabarelI ( u0pra0 ) meM sampanna vArSika adhivezana (30.9.2000) ke avasara para AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI sammAna se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| unheM yaha sammAna AlocanA sAhitya meM viziSTa yogadAna hetu diyA gayA / prAkRtavidyA - parivAra kI ora se badhAI / -sampAdaka ** zravaNabelagola meM 'candragiri cikkabeTTA mahotsava - sampanna ' zravaNabelagolA meM kendrIya paryaTana evaM saMskRti mantrI zrI ananta kumAra ne 'candragiricikkabeTA mahotsava' kA udghATana karate hue kahA ki purAtattva mahattva kI hamArI dharohara mahattvapUrNa evaM bahumUlya hai, isakI rakSA karanA hamArA kartavya hai / isa kSetra kI purAtatva nidhi ke saMrakSaNa ke lie evaM kSetra dvArA saMcAlita prAkRtabhASA zodha saMsthAna' va anya saMsthAoM ke vikAsa ke lie kendra bharapUra sahayogI degaa| apane AzIrvacana meM bhaTTAraka cArukIrti svAmI jI ne kahA ki candragiri tapo bhUmi hai, jahA~ se aneka muniyoM ne saMyamasAdhanA dvArA sallekhanApUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyA hai| mahotsava samiti ke adhyakSa sAhU rameza candra jaina ne 2300 varSa pUrva zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu aura samrAT candragupta maurya ke dakSiNa Agamana kA ullekha karate hue candragiri' ke mahattva ko rekhAMkita kiyaa| isa mahotsava meM kannar3a, hindI, marAThI, tamila aura aMgrejI ke 108 grantha prakAzita kie jAyeMge, jinameM se abhI taka gyAraha grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiM / tathA saMgoSThiyoM ke dvArA bhI 'candragiri' ke itihAsa ko pracArita kiyA jaaegaa| sabhA meM AcArya zrI vidyAnanda jI kA AzIrvAda saMdeza par3hakara sunAyA gayA / samAroha meM bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti, kanakagiri bhaTTAraka dhavalakIrti, arihaMtagiri, satIza jaina (AkAzavANI) Adi gaNamAnya vyakti upasthita the / - rameza kumAra jaina ** prAkRtavidyA+aktUbara-disambara 2000 105

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bhagavAn RSabhadeva antarrASTrIya nirvANa mahAmahotsava varSa kA bhavya samApana ___ 'bhagavAn RSabhadeva antarrASTrIya nirvANa mahAmahotsava varSa' kA bhavya samApana tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva tapasthalI, prayAga tIrthakSetra meM huaa| nirvANa mahAmahotsava varSa meM pUre deza meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva saMgoSThiyA~, anekoM sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM zaikSaNika kAryakrama, evaM pUre deza meM RSabhadeva kIrtistambhoM kA nirmANa ityAdi Ayojana kiye gye| -bra0 ravIndra kumAra jaina, prayAga ** AcArya rAjakumAra jaina bhArata sarakAra dvArA puraskRta bhArata sarakAra ke svAsthya aura parivAra kalyANa maMtrAlaya ne AcArya rAjakumAra jaina dvArA likhita 'yoga aura Ayurveda' zIrSaka pustaka ko bIsa hajAra rupayoM kA puraskAra pradAna kiyA hai| yaha puraskAra zrI jaina ko dinAMka 29.1.2001 ko svAsthya evaM parivAra kalyANa maMtrAlaya, nirmANa bhavana meM Ayojita eka sAde kiMtu garimAmaya samAroha meM svAsthya saciva zrI jAveda caudharI dvArA pradAna kiyA gyaa| zrI rAjakumAra jaina bhArata sarakAra ke svAsthya aura parivAra kalyANa maMtrAlaya ke adhIna gaThita bhAratIya cikitsA keMdrIya pariSada (naI dillI) meM nibaMdhaka evaM saciva ke pada para apanI sevAyeM laMbI avadhi taka de cuke haiN| saMpUrNa bhArata meM Ayurveda kI zikSA ke staronnayana meM ApakA yogadAna prazaMsanIya hai| vartamAna meM "Ayurveda vAGmaya kI racanA prakriyA meM jainAcAryoM kA yogadAna" viSaya para zodhakArya meM saMlagna hai| -sampAdaka ** DaoN0 gurudatta pradhAna jI kI rASTrIya prazasti bhArata ke pradhAnamaMtrI zrI aTala bihArI vAjapeyI jI ke hAthoM DaoN0 pradhAna gurudatta jI ko rASTrIya puraskAra (20,000/-rU0) pradAna - kannar3a ke mahAkavi zrI kuvempu jI ke mahAkAvya (zrI rAmAyaNa darzanama) ke anuvAda ke upalakSya meN| isI 2.3.2001 ko pradhAnamaMtrI jI ke nivAsa meM saMpanna puraskAra samAroha meM yaha puraskAra pradAna kiyA gyaa| DaoN0 pradhAna gurudatta jI maisUra vizvavidyAlaya ke kRtakArya prAdhyApaka hai aura kundakunda bhAratI ke kaI kAryakramoM se saMbaddha haiN| -sampAdaka ** patrAcAra prAkRta pAThyakrama digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI dvArA saMcAlita apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI dvArA patrAcAra prAkRta sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama' satra / julAI, 2001 se prArambha hogaa| niyamAvalI evaM Avedana patra dinAMka 25 mArca, se 15 apraila, 2001 taka akAdamI kAryAlaya, digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI, savAI rAmasiMha ror3a, jayapura-4 se prApta kreN| ___DaoN0 kamalacanda sogANI, jayapura ** sAhityAcArya jI kA cira-viyoga nyAyAcArya paNDita gaNezaprasAda varNI ke kRpApAtra mAnasa putra, anekAneka purANoM, granthoM ' 00 106 prAkRtavidyA + aktUbara-disambara '2000

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aura stotra saMgrahoM ke bhASAnuvAdaka, jaina vAMgmaya ke mahAn adhyetA tathA jaina vidyAoM ke AmaraNa avadAnI, svanAmadhanya vidvAn paM0 DaoN0 pannAlAla sAhityAcArya aba hamAre bIca nahIM rhe| phAlguna zuklA caturdazI guruvAra 8 mArca kI rAtri meM savA baje, zrIkSetra kuNDalapura meM bar3ebAbA ko namana karate hue unhoMne samAdhi-maraNa prApta kiyaa| unake jAne se bIsavIM zatAbdI kI paNDita-paramparA kA pramukha prakAza-stambha Dhaha gyaa| DaoN0 pannAlAla aneka upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta the, parantu sAhityAcArya' zabda unake liye rUr3ha ho gayA thaa| gyAraha Agama vAcanAoM meM kulapati pada ko suzobhita karanevAle sAhityAcArya jI ne kabhI apanI kSamatAoM ko lekara raMcamAtra bhI ahaMkAra nahIM kiyaa| yaha nirabhimAnatA, nispRhatA, samatA aura saujanya, sAhityAcArya jI kI usa pAramparika jJAnasAdhanA kA phala thA jisane zrAvaka rahate unheM vaMdanIya' banA diyA thaa| prAkRtavidyA parivAra kI ora se divaMgata bhavyAtmA ko bodhiprApti, sugatigamana evaM zIghra nirvANa-lAbha kI maMgalakAmanA ke sAtha sAdara zraddhAMjali samarpita hai| -sampAdaka ** AcArya kundakunda-smati vyAkhyAnamAlA sampanna zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya) naI dillI meM zrI kundakunda bhAratI nyAsa dvArA sthApita zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA evaM sAhitya viSayaka 'AcArya kundakunda-smRti vyAkhyAnamAlA' kA saptama satra 22-23 mArca ko sAnanda sampanna huaa| . isa avasara para maMgala AzIrvacana meM pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ne saMskRta kI saMvAhikA btaayaa| unhoMne kahA ki ina donoM bhASAoM meM jo apAra sAhitya nibaddha hai, vaha isa deza kI vAstavika sampatti hai| mahAkavi bhAsa evaM kAlidAsa Adi ne apane nATakoM meM ina bhASAoM ke jIvantarUpa prastuta kara inheM amaratva pradAna kiyA hai| . satra meM samAgata vidvAnoM evaM atithiyoM kA svAgata karate hue vidyApITha ke kulapati pro0 vAcaspati upAdhyAya jI ne saMskRta ke sAtha prAkRtabhASA kA abhinna tAdAtmya batAte hue ina donoM kI mAMgalika yuti kA mahattva btaayaa| mukhyavaktA DaoN0 zrIraMjanasUrideva, paTanA (bihAra) ne mahAkavi kAlidAsa evaM rAjazekhara ke nATyasAhitya meM prayukta prAkRtoM, vizeSata: zaurasenI prAkRta kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyaa| adhyakSa pro0 munIza candra jozI ne purAtAttvika sAmagrI ke adhyayana-anusaMdhAna ke lie prAkRtabhASA ke jJAna kI anivAryatA btaayii| samAroha ke saMyojaka DaoN0 sudIpa jaina ne samAgata vidvAnoM evaM atithiyoM kA AbhAra vyakta karate hue kahA ki isa vidyApITha meM prAkRtabhASA kA vibhAga mAnanIya DaoN0 maNDana mizra jI evaM pro0 vAcaspati upAdhyAya jI ke prayatnoM se sthApita huA hai evaM pragatipatha para agrasara hai| isa avasara para bI0ela0 insTITyUTa oNpha iMDolaoNjI ke nidezaka pro0 vimala prakAza jaina evaM mahAtmA gA~dhI antarrASTrIya hindI vizvavidyAlaya ke prophesara vRSabhaprasAda jaina bhI upasthita the| samApana-satra meM mAnanIya kulAdhipati zrI ke0pI0e0 menona jI ke sAnnidhya meM prAkRta pAThyakrama ke chAtroM ko pramANapatra diye gye| -sampAdaka ** prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 40 107

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bra kamalAbAI jI ko varSa 1999 I0 kA 'strI-zakti puraskAra' samarpita san 1923 meM kUcAmana zahara, jilA nAgaura (rAjasthAna) meM janmI bra0 kamalAbAI jI ne 30 varSa kI Ayu meM inhoMne mAtra chaha lar3akiyoM se apanA nijI Adarza mahilA vidyAlaya kholaa| Aja isa skUla meM 2000 lar3akiyA~ vidyArjana kara rahI haiN| inameM se adhikAMza chAtrAyeM samAja ke pichar3e vargoM tathA janajAtIya samudAyoM kI haiN| inhoMne 650 chAtrAoM kI AvAsa-kSamatAvAlA eka chAtrAvAsa bhI sthApita kiyaa| vizeSarUpa se grAmINa tathA janajAtIya kSetroM meM se nirakSaratA kA unmUlana karane ke lie inake advitIya evaM utkRSTa yogadAna hetu, inheM varSa 1998 meM roTarI inTaranezanala iMDiyA avArDa' se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| vizeSa rUpa se pichar3e evaM janajAtIya kSetroM kI mahilAoM tathA lar3akiyoM meM sAkSaratA ke pracAra tathA zakti-sampannatA ke lakSya ke prati samarpaNa ke kAraNa brahmacAriNI kamalA bAI ko devI ahilyA bAI holakara strI zakti puraskAra, 1999' se sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| isa suavasara para prAkRtavidyA-parivAra' kI ora se hArdika bdhaaii| -sampAdaka ___DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla ke abhinandana-graMtha kA lokArpaNa _ vizvavikhyAta AdhyAtmika pravaktA DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla ke abhinandana-graMtha tatvavettA : DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla' kA lokArpaNa rAjadhAnI dillI ke hRdaya-sthala pareDa grAuNDa meM pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja kI pAvana sannidhi meM hajAroM dharmAnurAgI bhAIyoM-bahanoM kI upasthiti meM dinAMka 8 apraila, 2001 ko atyaMta garimApUrvaka sampanna huaa| isa avasara para pUjya AcAryazrI ne kahA ki jo mere pAsa hai, vaha bhI merA nahIM hai; jo aisA mAnatA hai, vahI zreSTha vidvAn hai| rAga ko dukha kA kAraNa batAte hue unhoMne kahA ki jisameM sabakA kalyANa hai, vahI dharma hai| jo ahiMsA ko pAlatA hai, vahI jaina hai| AcAryazrI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra mahAvIra ke 2600veM janmakalyANaka mahotsava ke prasaMga para AhvAna karate hue kahA ki mahAvIra kA saMdeza ghara-ghara phuNcaayeN| unhoMne DaoN0 bhArilla ke kRtitva kI sarAhanA karate huye unake sAmAjika yogadAna ko atulanIya batAyA tathA kahA ki unhoMne jo vidvAnoM kI naI pIr3hI nirmita kI hai, vaha isa deza aura samAja kI amUlya nidhi hai| ___mukhya atithi suzrI nirmalAtAI dezapAMDe jI ne abhinandana-grantha kA lokArpaNa kiyA aura kahA ki rAjA to apane deza meM pUjA jAtA hai, jabaki vidvAn sarvatra pUjA jAtA hai| AdikAla se zikSA dene kA kArya jaina zikSakoM, vidvAnoM ne kiyA lekina apanA nAma nahIM caahaa| ve samAja meM ghula-mila kara rhe| AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI ne bhAratIya saMskRti ke punarjAgaraNa meM naI cetanA aura jAgRti paidA kI hai| hameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ahiMsA, anekAnta evaM aparigraha siddhAMtoM ko AcaraNa meM utAranA hai| vinobA aura gAMdhI ne bhI unakA amala kiyaa| samAroha kI adhyakSatA karate hue bhAratIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI ke adhyakSa sAhU rameza candra ne DaoN0 bhArilla ko utsavapuruSa batAte hue kahA ki 00 108 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000

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unhoMne sAhitya-sRjana aura samAjasevA ke kSetra meM atulanIya yogadAna diyA hai| ___ DaoN0 bhArilla jI ko suzrI nirmalAtAI dezapAMDe ne prazasti-patra bheMTakara evaM indujI ne zaoNla or3hAkara sammAnita kiyaa| aneka saMsthAnoM evaM samAjaseviyoM ne bhI DaoN0 bhArilla kA svAgata kiyaa| AbhAra vyakta karate hue DaoN0 bhArilla ne kahA ki yaha samAroha AcArya-paramparA se upalabdha jinavANI kI upAsanA evaM ArAdhanA kA sammAna hai| AcAryazrI samAja ko jor3ane aura sabako gale lagAne meM vizvAsa rakhate haiN| samAroha ke saMyojaka cakreza jaina ne sabhI samAgata atithiyoM aura vidvAnoM kA svAgata kiyaa| samAroha kA saMcAlana DaoN0 sudIpa jaina ne kiyaa| -sampAdaka** haricaraNa varmA 'saMgIta-samayasAra' puraskAra se sammAnita rASTrasaMta AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ke sAnnidhya meM bhAratIya saMgIta ke vizeSajJa zrI haricaraNa varmA ko vaizAlI maNDapa meM Ayojita bhavya samAroha meM DI0sI0 jaina phAuNDezana dvArA kundakunda bhAratI nyAsa ke tattvAvadhAna meM pravartita prathama 'saMgIta-samayasArapuraskAra' pradAna kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para AcAryazrI ne apane AzIrvacana meM kahA ki jaina zAstroM meM zAMta aura vItarAga rasa ke bhajana adhika haiM, jo manuSya ko mokSamArga kI ora le jAte haiN| zrRMgAra rasa ke bhajana vyakti ko saMsAra kI ora le jAte haiN| yadi manuSya nityaprati kucha dera 'om' zabda kA uccAraNa kara le, to usakI 72 nAr3iyAM svastha ho jAtI haiM aura vaha Arogya prApta kara praphullita ho jAtA hai| ___ samAroha ke mukhya atithi nyAyamUrti zrI vijendra jaina ne saMgIta ke kSetra ke haricaraNa varmA ke ullekhanIya yogadAna kI sarAhanA karate hue ise bhakti-saMgIta kA sammAna btaayaa| bhAratavarSISa digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI ke adhyakSa sAhU ramezacaMdra jaina ne kahA ki jIvana meM kalA aura sAhitya kA viziSTa mahattva hai| saMgIta se patthara pighala jAtA hai| samAroha kI adhyakSa padmabhUSaNa zrImatI zaranarAnI bAkalIvAla jI ne zrI varmA ko puraskAra samarpita kiyaa| kAryakrama ke saMyojaka evaM saMcAlaka DaoN0 sudIpa jaina ne prazasti-patra kA vAcana karate hue batAyA ki zrI varmA ne zatAdhika zodhapUrNa kAryakrama, 50 se adhika rUpaka, 2000 se adhika gIta, bhajana, gajala Adi kI prastuti kI hai| sUradAsa' philma kA saMgIta-nirdezana bhI unhoMne kiyaa| dakSiNa amerikA meM inako saMgIta mArtaNDa' sammAna milA aura jArjaTAuna meM inake nAma para 'varmA sTrITa' kA nAmakaraNa huaa| ve AkAzavANI meM bhAratIya saMgIta ke mukhya prastotA' ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| zrI varmA ko sarasvatI pratimA, zaoNla, mAlA, svarNapadaka evaM eka lAkha rupae pradAna kara 'bhakti saMgIta ziromaNi' kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA gyaa| -sampAdaka ** prAkRtavidyA ke svatvAdhikArI evaM prakAzaka zrI surezacandra jaina, maMtrI, zrI kundakunda bhAratI, 18-bI, spezala insTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 dvArA prakAzita; evaM mudraka zrI mahendra kumAra jaina dvArA, pRthA oNphaseTsa prA0 li0, naI dillI-110028 para mudrit| bhArata sarakAra paMjIyana saMkhyA 48869/89 prAkRtavidyA aktUbara-disambara '2000 00 109

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isa aMka ke lekhaka-lekhikAyeM 1.sva0 DaoN0 maMgaladeva zAstrI Apa saMskRtavidyA evaM bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUrdhanya manISI the| sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke yazasvI kulapati rhe| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha 'bhAratIya darzana evaM jainadarzana' Apake dvArA likhita hai| 2.sva0 paM0sukhalAla saMghavI Apa jainadarzana evaM bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUrdhanya manISI the| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha digambara-paramparA ke manISI aura vartamAna sthiti' Apake dvArA likhita hai| 3. DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina Apa magadha vizvavidyAlaya meM prAkRta, apabhraMza ke prophesara' pada se sevAnivRtta hokara zrI kundakunda bhAratI jaina zodha saMsthAna ke nidezaka' haiN| anekoM mahattvapUrNa granthoM, pAThyapustakoM evaM zodha AlekhoM ke yazasvI lekhaka bhI haiN| isa aMka ke antargata prakAzita 'apabhraMza bhASA evaM usake kucha prAcIna sandarbha' nAmaka . Alekha ke lekhaka Apa haiN| patrAcAra-patA--mahAjana TolI naM0 2, ArA-802301 (bihAra) 4. DaoN0 kalAnAtha zAstrI Apa saMskRtavidyA evaM bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUrdhanya manISI haiN| rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke kRtakArya prophesara DaoN0 kalAnAtha zAstrI jI kI lekhanI se prasUta lekha prAkRta kAvyazailI kA dUragAmI prabhAva' isa aMka ke antargata prakAzita hai| sthAyI patA--sI-8, pRthvIrAja roDa, jayapura-302001 (rAja0) 5. DaoN0 mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA Apa jainavidyA ke kSetra meM suparicita hastAkSara haiM, tathA niyamita rUpa se lekhanakArya karate rahate haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'nava khaSTAbdi aSTaka' nAmaka kavitA ke racayitA Apa haiN| sthAyI patA--maMgala kalaza, 394, sarvodaya nagara, AgarA ror3a, alIgar3ha-202001 (u0pra0) 6. pro0 mAdhava zrIdhara raNadive-Apa chatrapati zivAjI kaoNleja, satArA (mahA0) meM prAkRta ke prophesara rahe aura mahArASTra ke adhikAMza kaoNlejoM meM prAkRta ke pracAra-prasAra meM ApakA ananya yogadAna rhaa| avakAza-grahaNa karane ke bAda bhI unhoMne prAkRtavidyA ke vividha kSetroM meM kArya karate A rahe haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'Ayariyappavaro siridesabhUsaNo' zIrSaka kA Alekha ApakI zodhapUrNa lekhanI se prasUta hai| sthAyI patA--godhUli bilDiMga, chatrapati ror3a, satArA (mhaaraassttr)| 7. DaoN0 vidyAvatI jaina--Apa magadha vizvavidyAlaya meM variSTha rIDara haiM tathA jaina sAhitya

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evaM prAkRtabhASA kI acchI viduSI haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita pajjuNNacariu' zIrSaka lekha ApakA hai| Apa pro0 (DaoN0) rAjArAma jaina kI sahadharmiNI haiN| sthAyI patA--mahAjana TolI naM0 2, ArA-802301 (bihAra) 8. DaoN0 ramezacaMda jaina Apa bhI jainadarzana ke gaveSI vidvAn hai| saMprati Apa jaina kaoNleja, bijanaura (u0pra0) meM saMskRta evaM jainadarzana ke vibhAgAdhyakSa haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'har3appA kI moharoM para jainapurANa ora AcaraNa ke sandarbha' nAmaka Alekha Apake dvArA likhita hai| sthAyI patA--jaina maMdira ke pAsa, bijanaura-246701 (u0pra0) 9. DaoN0 udayacaMda jaina samprati sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura (rAja0) meM prAkRta vibhAga ke adhyakSa haiN| prAkRtabhASA evaM vyAkaraNa ke vizruta vidvAn evaM siddhahasta prAkRta kavi haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita sAhU asoga (sAhU azoka)' zIrSaka kI prAkRta kavitA ApakI lekhanI se prasata haiN| sthAyI patA--piUkuMja, aravinda nagara, glAsa phaikTrI caurAhA, udayapura-313001 (rAja0) 10. DaoN0 (zrImatI) mAyA jaina Apa jainadarzana kI acchI viduSI haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita bhASA parivAra aura zaurasenI prAkRta' zIrSaka Alekha ApakI lekhanI se prasUta hai| sthAyI patA--piUkuMja, aravinda nagara, glAsa phaikTrI caurAhA, udayapura-313001 (rAja0) 11. DaoN0 sudIpa jaina zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI meM prAkRtabhASA vibhAga' meM upAcArya evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa haiN| tathA prAkRtabhASA pAThyakrama ke saMyojaka bhI haiN| anekoM pustakoM ke lekhaka, smpaadk| prastuta patrikA ke 'mAnada smpaadk'| isa aMka meM prakAzita sampAdakIya', ke atirikta dazalakSaNa dharma' evaM 'ASADhI pUrNimA : eka mahattvapUrNa tithi' zIrSaka Alekha Apake dvArA likhita haiN| sthAyI patA--bI-32, chattarapura eksaTeMzana, naMdA phArma ke pIche, naI dillI-110030 12.zrImatI raMjanA jaina Apa prAkRtabhASA, jainadarzana evaM hindI-sAhitya kI viduSI lekhikA haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha yati-pratikramaNa kI viSayagata samIkSA' Apake dvArA likhita hai| sthAyI patA--bI-32, chattarapura eksaTeMzana, naMdA phArma ke pIche, naI dillI-110030 13. snehalatA jaina Apa apabhraMza kI zodhachAtrA haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita 'bhAratIya sAMskRtika va bhASika ekatA' zIrSaka Alekha Apake dvArA likhita hai| sthAyI patA-14/35, ziprApatha, mAnasarovara, jayapura-302020 (rAja0) 14.zrImatI maMjUSA seThI Apa prAkRtabhASA evaM sAhitya kI acchI viduSI haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha IsApUrva ke mahattvapUrNa zilAlekhoM kI bhASA meM tatkAlIna zaurasenI prAkRta kA prabhAva' lekha Apake dvArA likhita hai| sthAyI patA--sI-9/9045, vasaMtakuMja. naI dillI-110070 15.prabhAta kumAra dAsa Apa prAkRtabhASA evaM sAhitya ke zodhachAtra haiN| isa aMka meM prakAzita Alekha 'prAcIna nATakoM meM prayukta prAkRtoM kI sampAdakIya avahelanA' lekha Apake dvArA likhita hai| patrAcAra patA zodhachAtra prAkRtabhASA vibhAga, zrI lA0ba0zA0rA0saM0 vidyApITha, naI dillI-16

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'sarvAsveha hi zuddhAsu jAtiSu dvijasattamAH / zaurasenI samAzritya bhASA kAvyeSu yojayet / / ' -(nATyazAstra) artha: he zreSTha brAhmaNo ! sabhI zuddha jAtivAle logoM ke lie zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA kA Azraya lekara hI kAvyoM meM bhASA kA prayoga karanA caahiye| zaurasenI prAkRta "zaurasenI prAkRtabhASA kA kSetra kRSNa-sampradAya kA kSetra rahA hai| isI prAkRtabhASA meM prAcIna AbhIroM ke gItoM kI madhura abhivyaMjanA huI, jinameM sarvatra kRSNa kathApuruSa rahe haiM aura yaha paramparA brajabhASA-kAvyakAla taka akSuNNarUpa se pravAhita hotI A rahI hai|" _DaoN0 surendranAtha dIkSita (bharata aura bhAratIya nATyakalA. pRSTha 75) "bhaktikAlIna hiMdI kAvya kI pramukha bhASA 'brajabhASA' hai| isake aneka kAraNa haiN| paramparA se yahA~ kI bolI zaurasenI 'madhyadeza' kI kAvya-bhASA rahI hai| brajabhASA Adhunika AryabhASAkAla meM usI zaurasenI kA rUpa thii| isameM sUradAsa jaise mahAn lokapriya kavi ne racanA kI aura vaha kRSNa-bhakti ke kendra braja' kI bolI thI, jisase yaha kRSNa-bhakti kI bhASA bana gii|" --vizvanAtha tripAThI (hiMdI sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 18) "mathurA jaina AcAryoM kI pravRttiyoM kA pramukha kendra rahA hai, ataeva unakI racanAoM meM zaurasenI-pramukhatA AnA svAbhAvika hai| zvetAMbarIya AgamagranthoM kI ardhamAgadhI aura digambarIya AgamagranthoM kI zaurasenI meM yahI bar3A antara kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'ardhamAgadhI' meM racita AgamoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM dekhI jAtI, jabakI zaurasenI' meM racitabhASA kI ekarUpatA samagrabhAva se dRSTigocara hotI hai|" -DaoN0jagadIzacaMdra jaina (prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 30-31) "prAkRta boliyoM meM bolacAla kI bhASAyeM vyavahAra meM lAI jAtI hai, unameM sabase prathama sthAna zaurasenI kA hai| jaisA ki usakA nAma svayaM batAtA hai, isa prAkRta ke mUla meM zUrasena ke mUla meM bolI jAnevAlI bhASA hai| isa zUrasena kI rAjadhAnI mathurA thii| -Ara. pizala (kamperiTiva grAmara oNpha prAkRta laiMgveja, praveza 30-31) prAkRtabhASA ke prayoktA "mathurA ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza 'zUrasena' nAma se prasiddha thA aura usa deza kI bhASA 'zaurasenI' kahalAtI thii| ukta ullekha se isa bhASA kI prAcInatA ariSTanemi se bhI pUrvavartI kAla taka pahu~catI hai|" -(maghavA zatAbdI mahotsava vyavasthA samiti, saradArazahara (rAja0) dvArA prakAzita saMskRta prAkRta vyAkaraNa evaM koza kI paramparA' nAmaka pustaka se sAbhAra uddhRta)

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(bhArata sarakAra paMjIyana saMkhyA 48869/89) rAjagRha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM jAte huye pathikoM ko jalapAna karAtI bAlikA "pAyantyidhvagAn gItvA bAlikA jlmekshH| punastAste na muJcanti ketakI bhramarA iv||" -(dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra, 7/109) priMTiDa prithA oNphaseTa prA. li. dUrabhASaH 5708654-55 arthaH- magadha deza kI kulakumArI-bAlikAyeM mArga meM calane vAle logoM ko madhura-madhura gItoM ko gAkara jala pilAtI haiN| isI se pathika loga bhI phira unake jalapAna ko usI - prakAra nahIM chor3ate haiM, jaise ketakI puSpa ko bhramara nahIM chor3ate haiN|