Europiya Prajana Acharanno Itihas

Author(s): Narbheshankar Pranjivan Dave
Publisher: Gujarat Varnacular Society
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032732/1

Page #1
niu ngceniungsliu cngaricc ke yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano ling are:akheane arikiu ariattiung:liuliu | kImata eka rUpio, chapAvI prasiddha karanAra, gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAiTI. a aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

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zeTha harivalabhadAsa bAbarikAthasALA naM. 36. bANakaLA ne, 36. - - prajAnA caraNane ItihAsa. anuvAdaka bhezaMkara prANajIvana dave, ema. e. che ane merala philosophI ane IMglIza phesara, - sAmaLadAsa koleja, bhAvanagara; ane ane vidyAnaMda, emarsananA nibaMdha, zekasapIaramALA, advaita-muktAvaLI, ItyAdinA lakhanAra chapAvI prasiddha karanAra, ijarAta varnAkayulara sosAITI taraphathI hIrAlAla trIbhovanadAsa pArekha, bI. e. amadAvAda, vata 173. prathamavRtti, I. sa. 191 . prata 1000, kIMmata eka rUpiye.

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thI "gujarAta prInTIMga presamAM" zAha semAlAla maMgaLadAse chApyuM. pAMcakuvA, cAra rastA-amadAvAda.

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anukramaNikA. uddaghAta, mULa graMthakAranI prastAvanA. prakaraNa 1 luM. * 2 juM. .. $ $ $

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1. suMdara ane vidyAnaMda, athavA premane citAra bhAga 1 le. (bIjI AvRtti.) 2. caMdA, athavA duHkhada vAdaLuM ane vacce rUperI ghere. - 3. emarsananA nibaMdha. 4. jAliyasa sIjhara. pa. othele. 7. caMdra-ramaNa athavA premanI AMTIghUMTI. 8. venisane vepArI. 10. hemleTa, DenmArkane rAjakumAra

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zeTha harivallabhadAsa bALagoviMdadAsa granthamALAne upaghAta. suratanA vatanI ane dhaMdhArthe muMbaInivAsI svargavAsI zeTha harivallabhadasa bALagoviMdadAse tA. 1 lI sapTembara sana 1877 nA roja vila karyuM che, te anvaye prathama sana 180 mAM rU. 2,000 sAITIne maLyA. te evI zaratathI ke vyAjamAMthI sAmAjika sudhAro thAya evAM pustake taiyAra karI chapAvavAM. sadarahu vilathI zeTha harivallabhadAse amuka prasaMga banyA pachI bAkI rahelI pitAnI tamAma mIlakata pustaka prasAra mATe sosAITIne arpaNa karelI che. te anvaye sana 1894 mAM rU. 18,000 nI sarakArI kaeNmisarI noTe pustake taiyAra karAvavA tathA te prasiddha karAvavA mATe sadarahu vidyAvilAsI ane paropakArI udAra gRhastha taraphathI maLelI che, temAMthI Aja paryata nIcenA pustaka " zeTha harivallabhadAsa bALagoviMdadAsa granthamALA >> tarIke prasiddha thayAM che - 1. kayI kayI nAte kanyAnI achatathI nAnI thatI jAya che, tenAM kAraNo tathA temAM sudhAro karavAnA upAya rU. 0-7-0 2. mAne zikhAmaNa. 3. nItimaMdira. rU. 0-12-0 4. bALalagnathI thatI hAni, 0-6-0 pa. punarvivAhapakSanI pUrIpUrI seLaseLa AnA phajetI ! rU. 0-pa-0 6. bhojanavyavahAra tyAM kanyAvyavahAra. -4-0 che. dhArmika puruSo. -4-0 8. ughogI purUSo, -4-0 9. benjAmIna DhAMkalIna, rU. 1-0-0 10. bodhaka caritra. rU. -4-0 11. satana. Y n Y 0 Y 15' 7 0 rU. 1-8-0

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12. raghuvaMza kAvya. 13. jAdavajI dAdAjI cedharInuM jIvanacaritra. rU. 0-2-0 14. gujarAtane prAcIna ItihAsa bhAga 1 le. rU. 0-12-0 15. gujarAtane arvAcIna ItihAsa bhAga 2 je. 2. 1-0-0 16. nItisiddhAMta. rU. 1-0-0 17. kAnsisa bekananuM jIvanacaritra. rU. 1-4-0 18. zeTha harivallabhadAsa bALagoviMdadAsanuM jIvanacaritra. rU0-6-0 19. parepakAra rU. 0-1ra-0 20. DheranuM khAtara. rU. 0-8-0 21. jagatane arvAcIna ItihAsa rU. 2-0-0 22. kirAtArjanIya kAvyanuM mULa sAthe gujarAtI bhASAMtara. rU. 1-0-0 23. vividha prakAranA hunnarapayogI tejAbe. 2. 0-12-0 24. vArniza. 25. jIvanane Adarza. rU. 0-12-0 26. kIrtimudI. rU. 0-8-0 27. zizupAlavadha-pUrvArdha ( sarga 1 thI 10 ) rU. 1-0-0 28. hiMdustAnamAM aMgrejI rAjyano udaya, rU. 0-6-0 29, rasAyanazAstra. 0-10-0 30. briTiza hindustAnanA Arthika itihAsa, vibhAga na le. rU. 0-12-0 31. jApAnanI keLavaNInI paddhati. 2. 0-12-09 32. zizupAlavadha-urvArdha (sarga 11-20 ) rU. 1-0-0 33. laeNnDaranA kAlpanika saMvAda, bhAga 1 le. ro 0-12-0 34. khagoLa vidyA. rU. 0-12-0. 35. lenDaranA kAlpanika saMvAda, bhAga 2 je, rU. 0-12-0 36. yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano ItihAsa. rU. 1-0-0 gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAITInI ophisa, amadAvAda-tA. 15 julAI sane 1917.

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mULa-graMthakAranI prastAvanA. "" naitika dharaNa ane naitika namunAmAM je je parivartane thayAM che temanI sAthe nItinA ItihAsakArane mukhyatve karIne kAma che. jUdA jUdA jamAnAmAM svIkRta sadAcArone jeTale aMze Adeza hoya ane temane AcaraNamAM mUkAyA hoya te jovuM e artha huM naitika dharaNane samajuM chuM. ane jUdA jUdA jamAnAmAM jUdA jUdA sadAcArone je sApekSa agatyatA apAI hoya te, naitika namunAne artha huM samajuM chuM. dAkhalA tarIke, plininA jamAnAne remana, AThamA henInA jamAnano aMgreja, ane hAlanA jamAnAne aMgreja e badhA kabula karaze ke dayAmAM sadAcAra che, ane tethI ulaTA guNamAM durAcAra che. paraMtu amuka kAryo dayALu che ke kema ? te sabaMdhI temanA abhiprAya ghaNuM jUdA jUdA paDaze. klininA samayane remana taravAranA prANaghAtaka belemAM ghaNo AnaMda mAnaze, paNa te khelene yukara rAjAonA samayane paNa aMgreja ghAtakI gaNaze; paNa A aMgreja evI bIjI ghaNI ramatone sArI gaNaze, paNa teja ramatone hAlana aMgreja kevaLa vakhoDI kADhaze. Ama siddhAMtamAM te dayA sArI ja rahe che, paNa tenuM dhoraNa jamAne jamAne badalAtuM jAya che. uparAMta amuka sadAcArone sarvottama gaNavAnI bAbatamAM paNa niraMtara pheraphAra thayAM kare che. svadezAbhimAna, pAtitya, udAratA ane dInatA-AmAMthI dareka koI ne kaI jamAnAmAM ati agatyanA ane sarvottama sadAcAra tarIke AgaLa lAvavAmAM Avyo che ane saguNa vartananA pAyAbhUta gaNAya che, ane bIjA jamAnAmAM tene gaNa gaNI pAchaLa rAkhavAmAM Avyo che. sainika sadAcAra, premALa sadAcAra, ane dhArmika sadAcAra bhinna bhinna samudAya bane che, ane jude jude samaye temane judA judA aMzamAM agatyata: agaI che. naitika namunAnAM A parivartananAM prakRti, kAraNa ane pariNAma tapAsavAM e ItihAsanI ati agatyanI e zAkhAnuM kAma che.

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paraMtu kAMI paNa jamAnAnI naitika dazAnuM telana karavAmAM, nItivettAonuM dRSTibiMdu tapAsIne besI rahevuM eTaluM pUratuM nathI. paraMtu lekemAM te dRSTibiMdune keTale sAkSAtkAra thayo hato te jovuM paNa Avazyaka che. prajAnI bhraSTatA ghaNIvAra tenA upadezakenA thAbaDIA ane svArthI siddhAMtamAM pratibiMbita thAya che; paraMtu keTalIka vakhata tene pratyAghAta paNa thAya che, jethI karIne samAjanA pracalita pavananI cheka virUddha jaIne te upadezakane tapavRttinuM bedhana karavuM paDe che. je sAdhanothI naitika upadezake pitAnA jAtabhAIo upara asara kare che te sAdhano svabhAva ane baLa para ghaNAM bhinna bhinna hoya che, ane ghaNIvAra je jamAnAmAM naitika vartana ghaNu uMcA prakAranuM hoya che te jamAne nItinA uMcA upadezane nathI hota. koI vakhata jamAnAmAM nItine uMce upadeza thatuM hoya che, paNa lokonI nIti upara tenI asara thatI jaNAtI nathI. keTalIka vakhata sAmAnya paktinA nItivettAo potAnA samAjanA dareka bhAgamAM ghaNI asara upajAvI zake che. eTalA mATe upadezakenA upadiSTa naitika dhoraNa ane namunA uparAMta, lekemAM sAkSAta nIti keTalI hatI te paNa ItihAsakAre jovuM joIe. ogasTathI zArkamena sudhI yuropane naitika itihAsa tapAsavAmAM uparokta traNa bAbato meM dhyAnamAM rAkhI che. zarUAtamAM nItine svabhAva ane baMdhane kevAM che te saMbaMdhI pratispardhA siddhAti meM tapAsyA che, ane sudhArAnI avasthAone krame krame kyA kyA sadAcAre khAsa baMdhabesatA Ave che te paNa meM batAvyuM che, ke jethI karIne khAsa baLane lIdhe nItine svAbhAvika vikAsa keTale darajaje avarUddha thayo che ke tvarita thayo che tene nizcaya ApaNe karI zakIe. pachI vidharmI rAjayanA naitika ItihAsamAM huM peThe chuM; ane temAM sTeIka mata, mizravAda ane misaranA. tattvajJAna krame krame tapAsyAM che; ane samAjanI sAmAnya dazAnA kevI rIte e pariNAma hatA athavA te dazA temAM kevI rIte pratibiMbita thatI hatI hatI te batAvyuM che; kAyadA ane sAhityamAM temanI kevI asara thaI hatI

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te joyuM che ane zahenazAha ane tattvaciMtakanA saghaLA prayAse je bhraSTatAne aTakAvavA azakta nIvaDayA hatA tenAM kAraNenI tapAsa karI che. pachI britidharmanI phateha upara ApaNuM lakSa coMTe che. A bAbatamAM kevaLa dhArmika ane vivAdagrasta viSayothI huM jema bane tema dUra rahyo chuM; ane eka naitika baLa tarIke khristidharma yurepamAM zuM zuM karyuM che teja mAtra ne tapAsyuM che. tethI vidharmI rAjyanA saMjogothI e dharmane kevI rIte aTakAyata thaI athavA sahAya maLI, A aTakAyata kevI jAtanI hatI, enI phateha thatAM enuM rUpAMtara kevuM thaI gayuM, tapovRttine utsAha ke hatA, ane jaMgalIonA humalAmAMthI kevAM pariNAma AvyAM, ane samAjanI nIti upara tenI je je asara thaI che te badhuM meM tapAsyuM che. manuSya jadagInI pavitratAnuM vadhatuM jatuM bhAna, sakhAvatane itihAsa, saMtajIvananI kathAonI khIlavaNa, sAmAjIka ane kaiTuMbika sadAcAra upara tavRttinI asaro, maThanI saMsthAonAM naitika pariNAme, buddhinA sadAcAra, asta thatA khrisita rAjya ane tenI jagAe AvatA jaMgalI rAjyanA sadAcAra ane durAcAra, vyAvahArika padavInI dhIre dhIre AvatI pUjA, ane khristi dharmanA laDAyaka samayanI prAthamika avasthAo ke je dharmayuddhomAM zibiMdue pahoMcI hatI; A badhI bAbato upara thoDuM ghaNuM vivecana ma ' karyuM che ane chevaTe strIonI padavI paratve thaelAM parivartane upara dRSTi nAkhI strI purUSanA saMbaMdhamAM samAelA naitika praznone vicAra meM karyo che. A badhuM karatAM mArA AgalA pustakonA vicAra AmAM bhaLI gayA che ane be traNa jagee te temAM ApelI hakIkata AmAM paNa pharIne meM ApI che. daSTAMtine rasa laI levA karatAM athavA "juo amAruM pustaka phalANuM, pAnuM phalANuM' ema kahevAmAM samAelI Apa vaDAIne dekhAva karavA karatAM mane tema karavuM vadhAre vAjabI lAgyuM che. che ke je daSTibiMduthI A ItihAsa meM lakhyo che te ItihAsa, mArI mAhitI pramANe hajI sudhI lakhAyo nathI; te paNa temAM samAelI hakIkato navIna nathI, ane tethI paricita bhUmimAM ja amAre pravAsa che. A

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bhUminuM ghaNIvAra ane bahu sArI rIte saMzodhana thaeluM che. mArI khubI mAtra eTalIja che ke A hakIkatone amuka rIte meM goThavI che, ane temAM amuka jAtanuM tAtparya meM rAkhyuM che. je je graMthamAMthI mane madada maLI che, temAMthI je agatyanA che temane svIkAra graMthamAM huM karato gayo chuM; paraMtu graMtha meTe thaI javAnA bhaye badhI sahAyane svIkAra karyo nathI, paNa vAMcanAra te kSamA karaze evI AzA che. paraMtu svargastha na milamenano khAsa upakAra mAnavAnI A taka mAre javA devI joIe nahi. eNe ghaNA graMtha lakhyA che; paraMtu tenA jJAnanI vividhatA ane vizALatA kevI hatI te enA nikaTa saMbaMdhamAM AvelA enA mitroja jANI zakayA che. buddhimAM zAMta, tejasvI ane vivekI: vAtacitamAM mArI ane AgalAne vAta ane vivekathI khuza karanAra ane buddhi ane vartana nI ekatAvALo; e anupama hIre e hate. enAmAM aneka guNa hatA ane ItihAsakAra thavA mATe e taddana yogya hato. ane teNe dharmane je ItihAsa lakhyo che temAMthI mane ghaNI kiMmatI madada maLI che, jo ke kavacita mArA vicAra tenAthI jUdA paNa paDayA che. judAM judAM mANaso judI judI dalIlathI A pustakanI virUddha TIkA karaze e vAta huM sArI rIte samaju chuM. IMglAMDamAM atyAre je nItine, siddhAMta jeramAM pracalita che tenI bahu sAme A graMtha jAya che, ane temAM Avaze nahi. vaLI je viSaya emAM carcA che temAM avazya karIne evA pro AvI jAya che ke jene aDakavuM eka aMgreja lekhakane atyaMta muzkela thaI paDe che, ane itihAsanA je bhAganI sAthe e saMbaMdha dharAve che te bhAga ghaNIja gerasamaja ane rAgadveSathI bharapUra che. paNa temAM vivekI niSpakSapAtatA sAvavAno prayAsa meM karyo che, ane huM AzA rAkhuM chuM ke A graMtha, game tevI pUrNa thatAM, mArA vicArane kevaLa nirUpogI nahi lAge, laMDana, mArca 1869.

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bhASAntarakArane upaghAta. vilyama eDavarDa hAIpala lekInuM sthAna ItihAsakAra tarIke aMgrejI sAhityamAM prasiddha che. aMgrejI sAhityanA ApaNuM gurjara vAcaka vargamAM paNa e vidvAnanAM pustake hesara vaMcAya che. AvA mAnya lekhakonA mananIya graMthe anuvAdarUpe gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAITI gurjara vAcakachaMda samakSa muke che te saMsAITInA netAone ghaNuM bhAsada che; kAraNake amUlya graMtha bahAra pADI gujarAtanI graMtha-samRddhimAM saMgIna umere teo karatA jAya che, ane pachI kiMmate te graMtha ApI loka vicArane keLavatA jAya che, tethI gujarAta temano upakAra eTale mAne teTale ocho che. lekIkRta "jIvanane Adarza' ane 'yuropamAM buddhi-svAtaMtryano ItihAsa" e be pustake gujarAtanA mAnya vidvAnonI pAse lakhAvI A saMsthA gurjara prajA samakSa kyAranAM mUkI cUkI che. ane A "yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano ItihAsa lakhavAnI taka mane temaNe ApI te mATe huM temane sAnaMda upakAra mAnuM chuM. A graMtha nItizAstra nathI, paNa nItinA ItihAsane che e vAta graMtha vAMcatAM vAMcanArane enI meLe vidita thaze. lekI pite kahe che te pramANe viSaya no nathI paNa viSayanI vyavasthA navI che. ItihAsane nItinA vikAsa kramanI dRSTie tapAsavAne udeza eNe rAkhe che. A krama ane tenuM hArda bahu suMdara zabdomAM spaSTa rIte A graMthamAM eNe kahyuM che. Akho graMtha be bhAgamAM vaheM cAle che. prathama bhAgamAM traNa ane bIjA bhAgamAM be prakaraNe eNe jyAM che; phUle pAMca prakaraNe che. temAM thI prathama prakaraNa ane cothuM prakaraNa bahu upayogI ane upadezAtmaka che. pAMcamA prakaraNane viSaya ghaNe gaMbhIra che ane samAjamAM ghaNuM agatyanuM sthAna e bhogave che. tethI anuvAdamAM prathama ane pAMcamAM prakaraNamAM

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bahuja thoDuM mUkI devAmAM AvyuM che. cethA prakaraNamAM paNa ghaNe vizeSa bhAga lIdhe che. bAkInAM prakaraNamAM vistArapUrvaka sAra mAtra lIdhuM che. have nItinA ItihAsa lakhanAre nItinuM svarUpa prathama samajAvavuM joIe; tethI prathama prakaraNamAM pracalita siddhAMtanI carcA graMthakAre karI che. nItinAM badhA siddhAMta be mukhya siddhAMtamAM kaIne kaI rUpe aMtargata thaI jAya che. A be siddhAMta AMtara nItivAda ane bAhya nItivAda che. A be siddhAMtanuM svarUpa kahI temanI carcA eNe karI che. bAhyanItivAdamAM janahitavAda tenA samayamAM vadhAre mAnya gaNAto hato, ane leke te pratye AkarSAtA hatA. tethI janahitavAdane sArI peThe chaNa tenI ayathArthatA eNe spaSTa karI che ane AMtaravAda svIkAryo che. paraMtu AMtaravAda svIkAratAM eka muzkelI Ave che, ane tene khulAso karavo joIe. je naitika pratyakSa kivA AcaraNanI sArAsAratAne viveka ane bhAna ApaNane AMtara-siddha hoya to pachI temAM pheraphAra thavApaNuM kAMI rahetuM ja nathI; ane manuSyanA vartanamAM je pheraphAra thatA na hoya to pachI nItimAM "unnati, pragati" evA zabdo ApaNe kema vAparI zakIe ane nItine ItihAsa zI rIte lakhI zakIe ? nItizAstrakArone A muzkelI have rahI nathI. paraMtu te muzkelI lekInA samayanA saMjogomAMthI ubhI thatI hatI e vAta paNa lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI che. benjAma ane milane janahitavAda te samaye lekenA magajamAM ghUmI rahyo hato, ane audyogika kALane te bahu anukULa Ave e hatA. paraMtu te vAdanA siddhAMtamAM aMtargata rahelI asaMgatatAne khyAla mananazIla vicArakone kyArane AvavA lAgyo hate; ane AMtara nItivAde tethI karIne pitAnuM DokuM punaH ucuM karavA mAMDayuM hatuM. tathApi mAraTine ane mUra jevA lekhake pitAnA lekha hajI have lakhavAnA hatA. vijJAna zAstranI pITha upara caDI vicarate spensarano utkrAMtivAda koI navIna ane mehakarUpe hajI have upasthita thavAne hato. jarmana phila suphInA kSetramAM kenTa ane hegalanA siddhAMtomAM aMtargata rahelA hArdane vikasita karI yathArtha svarUpe bahAra lAvanAra brADalI, ke ItyAdi lekhake

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pitAnA vicAra hajI have jaNAvavAnA hatA. ane ATalAMTika mahAsAgarane pelepAra vasatA samRddhivAna paNa pravRttizIla amerikanonA pikAra ane paDaghA paNa temAM bhaLavAnA hatA. A sarvanA pariNAme pAzcAtya sAhityamAM nItizAstra eka amuka daSTibiMdu grahaNa karavA mAMDayuM che, ane temAM naitika vicAromAM rahelA bhinna bhinna tanuM ekIkaraNa karavAno prayAsa thAya che. paraMtu upalI muzkelIne khulAse lekI ema kahI kare che ke nItinuM sAmAnya pratyakSa te saune eka sarakhuM ja thAya che, paNa vizeSa pratyakSa bhinna bhinna thAya che. Ama thavAnuM kAraNa saMjoganI bhinnatA hoya che. arthAt daSTibiMdunI ekatA chatAM dhoraNamAM phera paDaye jAya che. athavA vadhate ocho sAkSAtkAra thato jAya che. saMpUrNa sAkSAtkAranuM AcchAdana saMjogane lIdhe ja thAya che. tethI karIne AcaraNanA dhoraNamAM pheraphAra thavo saMbhavita che ane ItihAsa sAkSI pUre che ke te thayuM che. daSTAMta tarIke dayAne krUratA ane kraratAne dayA kaI kahetuM nathI; chatAM dayAnA pracalita dhoraNamAM jamAne jamAne phera mAlama paDe che. A pheraphAra kevA saMjogone lIdhe thayo che e batAvavAnuM kAma nItinA ItihAsakAranuM che. ane tethI nItino ItihAsa lakhave banI zake che. paraMtu ahIM eka bIjo bhrama bhAMgavAnI paNa jarUra che. kharI vAta che ke nItinA ItihAsa lakhanAre saMjogoneja ItihAsa lakhavAnuM che, arthAta saMjogone lIdhe manuSyanI vRttiomAM kevA kevA pheraphAra thatA AvyA che teja e lakhI zake. paNa saMjogo te jAte jaDa hoya che. tethI jegone itihAsa lakhavAmAM jaDavAdaneja ItihAsa lakhAya che. tethI lake prArabdhavAdI thaI jaze. paraMtu A vAta lekInA AzayathI kevaLa virUddha che. tethI vAMcanAranA mana upara evI asara graMtha vAMcatAM jAmatI jAya, te te asarane nirmaLa karavAnuM atra prayojana che. nItimAM IcchA svAtaMtryanuM tattva mukhya che, ane je ke e vAtanuM spaSTa kathana ane khyAna lekIe

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karyuM nathI, tathApi avAMtare ane rUpAMtare e vAta eNe vAraMvAra samajAvI che. sAmAjIka ke rAjakIya acaMcaLatAne te moTuM saMkaTa gaNe che. tenuM tAtparya ema jaNAya che ke mANasanAM mana enI meLe amuka kALe amuka dizAmAM pravRtta thAya che; tethI bAhya saMjoge to kevaLa nimitta kAraNa thAya che. saMjogonI vacamAM manuSyanA hRdayamAM naitika vRtti uThe che, ane tenI prabaLatAnA pramANamAM anukULa ke pratikULa bAhya saMjogone anusAra saMsAramAM tenI gati thAya che. ' nItinA vikAsamAM saMjogonI Ama AvazyaktA chatAM nItinA aMtaramAM temane praveza nathI. bIjI rIte bolIe to nItimAM tane svIkAra che, ane IcchA-svAtaMtrya vinA nItinuM svarUpaja banatuM nathI. A svAtaMtrya samajavAne atra prayAsa nathI, tema tenuM prayojana paNa nathI. rAjyanA kAyadA ane zAsanamAM, samAjanA pracalita rItarivAja ane dhoraNamAM, mAbApa ke gurUnI zikSAmAM, vyavahAranA aneka vidha prasaMgomAM, ItyAdi aneka prakAre tene svIkAra thAya che, ane jANe ke ajANe bALakanuM vartana paNa e zaktinA svIkAra uparaja thAya che. AMtara nItivAda ane bAghunItivAdanA koIpaNa prakAra vacce eka bheda e che ke AMtaranItivAda e zaktine svIkAra karI zake che, paraMtu bAhyanItivAdInA koe khAsa karIne lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI che. khare sudhAraka nItimAM AMtaravAdI have joIe, kAraNake icchA-svAtaMtrya vinA sudhAre boja azakya che. paraMtu AMtaravAdamAM svAtmArpaNa, svArtha tyAga ItyAdi guNe ke jemanA vinA nItinuM svarUpa ja banI zakyuM nathI te guNe mukhya che. tethI kharA sudhArakamAM e guNe avazya joIe. ane jenAmAM e guNa hoya teja samAjamAM kharA netAnuM sthAna prApta karI zake che. paNa A guNe zerIe ke kaiTe vecAtA maLatA nathI, ane tethIja kharA sudhArake eTalA cheDA ApaNe ItihAsamAM joIe chIe. paraMtu jyAM sudhI AvA pratibhAzALI ane nItimAM jAjavalyamAna netAo ke dezamAM utpanna thAya

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nahi, tyAM sudhI te samAjanI unnati ane pragatinI AzA rAkhavI vyartha che; ane moTI moTI vAta karavI nirarthaka che. sudhArakAe kevI rIte kAma levuM joIe te viSe lekIe A graMthamAM IsArA karyA che te paNa lakSamAM levA jevA che. nItinA dareka siddhAMtamAM tattvajJAnane amuka siddhAMta paNa pAyAbhUta hoya che. janahitavAdamAM ciddazakti svataMtra kriyAkAraka rahetI nathI; tethI te matamAM jaDacetanane bheda mAtra musAI jAya che. vaLI vyavahAra paratve jJAnanI prakriyAno siddhAMta kenTa sthApIne te matanI jJAnanI prakriyAne paNa eNe doSita TharAvI che. Ama janahitavAda sarvathA tyAjya kare che. paraMtu A uparathI ema samajavAnuM nathI ke AMtara nItivAdamAM samAjanA zreyane ane lekanA hitane anAdara ane abhAva che. Ama nItinA siddhAMtamAM AMtaravAda AdaraNIya thAya che; ane tethI tenI sAme mUkAtA AkSepone parihAra lekI kare che. ApaNI kalapanAdi zakitaone saMbaMdha nItimAM kevo che te paNa e kahe che. ' AMtaravAda pramANe nIti samajatAM ema spaSTa thAya che ke manuSyanA svabhAvamAM mULe keTalAMka valaNa rahelAM che te saMjoganA baLe dazya kAryomAM pratIta thavAno prayAsa kare che, ane tethI nItinA kramamAM unnatine avakAza rahe che, ane vRttio keLavAtI jAya che. A keLavaNInI paddhati kevA prakAranI che, athavA kevAM kevAM kAraNone lIdhe samAje pitAnI nItinAM dhoraNa uMcAM karatAM jAya che ane tethI karIne kevA kevA sadAcAra pratye temanI pasaMdagI vaLatI jAya che tenuM digadarzana lekI kare che, ane temAMthI keTalAka upayogI niyamo e tAravI kADhe che. temanI atra punarUkti karavI ucita nathI. paraMtu A niyamomAM je ke sAmAnya aMza rahelo hoya che, paraMtu aneka kAraNone lIdhe deza dezamAM ane jAta jAta prati te bhinna bhinna hoya che. lekI kahe che tema A niyamonuM ApaNuM jJAna AbohavAnA

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ApaNuM jJAna jevuM ja hoya che. tethI keIpaNa dezanI naitika unnati ke pragatinA niyamo tAravI kADhavA pUrve te dezane itihAsa sarva pAsA manana pUrvaka zodhA joIe. yuropanA aneka aitihAsika graMthane abhyAsa karI yuropanA saMbaMdhamAM AvA niyama lekIe tAravI kADhayA che, ane A graMthamAM kahyA che. bIjA prakaraNathI yuropane naitika ItihAsa graMthakAra kahevA mAMDe che. yurepanA itihAsamAM premane ItihAsa madhyabiMdu che. sudharelI duniyAnI bhinna bhinna prajAo, bhinna bhinna vicAro, dharmo ane saMsthAo remanA sArvabhauma rAjyanI chatrachAyA nIce remamAM ekaThAM thAya che, ane pachI yuropamAM prasarI jAya che. khristi dharma paNa emaja phelAya che. A khristi dhamanI mULa janmabhUmi te eziyAmAM Avela siriyA prAMta hato. paraMtu romamAM AvI e sarvopari thayo ane yuropamAM phelAI gayo. sAtamA saikAnI zarUAtamAM hajharata mahamada pegaMbare musalamAnI dharma sthApyo ane duniyAmAM "dIna, dIna nA pikAra uThayA. eka hAthamAM kurAna ane bIjA hAthamAM talavAra rAkhI Araba laDavaiyAo bahAra nIkaLI paDayA ane se varSamAM te lagabhaga AkhI duniyA upara pharI vaLyA. temaNe AphrikA ane IjIptamAM rAjya sthApyAM; IrAnamAMthI pArasIone hAMkI kADhayA; aphagAnIstAna, balucistAna, tAtAra ityAdi deze sara karyA, ane cInanI sarahada sudhI pahoMcI vaLyA. sIriyA, turkastAna ityAdimAM rAjya jamAvI bagadAdamAM khalIphAta sthApI. ANI tarapha AphrikAmAMthI teo pena upara dhasyA, ane tyAMthI kAnsa tarapha cAlyA. paNa piITIarsanI laDAImAM cArlsa mAraTale temane zikasta ApI, ane tethI yuropanAM nasIba ane ItihAsa pharI gayAM; ane pachI ramanA khristi dharmagurUo AkhA yurepane temanI sAme uzkeravA lAgyA, ane dharmayuddho cAlu thayAM. samaya jatAM yuropamAM khristi dharma daDha the, ane musalamAnonI bIka maTI gaI. paraMtu khristi samaya pahelAM remanI naitika sthiti kevI hatI ane tenAM zA zA kAraNe hatAM temanI tapAsamAM graMthakAra pravRtta thAya che.

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11 manuSyanA svabhAvamAMja kriyA karavAnuM satat valaNa mULathIja raheluM heya che, kAraNa ke "jIvavuM" e prANI mAtranuM lakSaNa che, ane tethI jiMdagI jALavavAno prayAsa dareka prANI enI meLe ja kare che. tethI karIne manuSya jAtanI cheka prAthamika avasthAmAM paNa samayanA saMjogane vegya amuka pratinuM AcaraNa enI meLeja baMdhAI jAya che. A nyAye remanI cheka prAthamika avasthA prajAtaMtranA baMdhAraNamAM baMdhAI gaI hatI ane AcaraNa ane vyavahAranA vicAra amuka dizAmAM anAyAse enI meLe ja vaLI javA lAgyA hatA. sArvabhoma pada prApta karavAne sarjita thaelI remana prajA Ama anAyAse ja laDAyaka guNa tarapha DhaLI gaI hatI. tethI zairya ane parAkrama temanAmAM ucca sthAne AvyAM hatAM. tenI sAthe nItimAM amuka amuka sadIcAra paNa uttama gaNAvA lAgyA hatA. svadezAbhimAna, saMkaTa veDavAnI zakti, Atma-bhoga ApavAmAM tatparatA, ane buddhi ane rasajJatAmAM kAMIka jADayatA paNa AcaraNamAM pratIta thavA lAgyAM. AvI sthiti saikAo paryata cAlu rahI. cotarapha digavijya karI sAmrAjya sthApavuM e remanA jIvanane have mukhya uddeza thaI paDyuM. paraMtu tema karatAM aneka anya prajAonA saMbaMdhamAM AvavAne prasaMga temane prApta thaze. ane tethI temanAM cAritrya ane vicAro upara A saMsarganI aneka vidha asara thavA lAgI. prathama teo grIka lokenA saMsargamAM AvyA. grIka prajA tattvajJAnI, vicArazIla, auMdarya ane kaLAnA utkaTa bhAnavALI, ane svabhAve ane AcaraNamAM ekaMdare komaLa ane dayALu hatI. vaLI sAmrAjya prApta thatAM samRddhi ane sattA vadhavA lAgyAM, ane tethI remana prajA vilAsa-vRttine sevanArI banavA lAgI. tethI remanA sAdA ane bhavya sadAcArane sTaIka mata anukULa hatuM te mAnya gaNAvA lAge, paNa sAthe sAthe epikyurasa mata paNa temanA jIvanamAM paDe. kALe karIne remanuM jIvana cheka badalAI gayuM ane pariNAme remana leke kevaLa svachaMdI ane bhraSTa thavA lAgyA.

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havethI nItibhraSTa romana lekene ItihAsa temanI paDatIne ja Iti- hAsa che. bhavya sTaIka mata nItimAM lathaDI gaelA ane lathaDatA mane - TaTTAra karavA ke rAkhavA samartha thaI zakyo nahi. epikyurasanA mate te A paDatInI gatimAM tvaritatA umerI. pampI ane sIjhara jevA AgevAnomAM uDe uDe rAjya-lebha jAgrata thayo ane prajA-vigraha maMDANA. temAM lekanI khuvArI thaI ane ogasTasanA samayamAM pAdazAhata zarU thaI; ane prajAne mAthe leDhAne pAye panotI beThI. leke vahemI ane bhraSTa thaI gayA; lazkaramAM gera vyavasthA cAlI; amIra varga chuMdAI nisteja banI gayo: garIba varga susta ane edI banI gayo; kaLA, hunnara nAza pAmyAM; khetI svadezAbhimAna ane zauryane asta thayo; ane nItibhraSTatA niraMkuza banI ughADechoge zerIe ane kaiTe ghUmavA lAgI. mAThI dazAmAM dharma mANasane dilAsA rUpa thaI paDe che. paraMtu romane dharma mULathIja rAjakIya hatA, ane rAjya bhraSTa thaI jatAM te dharmane mATe paNa mAna jatuM rahyuM. tethI mAtra dhArmika kriyAomAMja dharma gaNavA lAgyo; ane khristi dharma AvatAM te bhAga pratye paNa tiraskAranI najarathI jotAM leke zIkhyA. paraMtu eka bInA atra khAsa lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI che. dareka parivartanamAM lAbha ane hAni banne samAelAM hoya che. paNa lekI kahe che tema remane A samaye lAbha vinA hAnija prApta thaI ane tenAM traNa kAraNo paNa e batAve che. pAdazAhatanI sthApanA, gulAmagIrIne rivAja, ane taravAranA prANaghAtaka khela. tethI karIne "vilAsavRttinI sAthe AvavA joItA anya sadAcAra temanAmAM AvyA nahi. sudhAre vadhatAM rItabhAta vadhAre sabhya thAya che ane paropakAra vRtti sateja thAya che. buddhinI caMcaLatA. ane audyogika sAhasa vadhe che; rAjakIya lAbhonuM kSetra vistAra pAme che. ane moTAInA khAsa sadAcAra ochA thaI jAya che te tene badale samAnatAnA sadAcAra vRddhi pAme che." AmAMnuM kazuM remana lekane prApta thaI zakayuM nahi. tethI rema naSTa thayuM.

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13 have ItihAsanuM tAtparya je upadezamAM hoya to A bInAmAMthI ApaNe ghaNuM zIkhavAnuM maLI Avaze. samayane anusarI ghaNuM bAbatamAM A paNe pheraphAra karavA paDe che; nahi karIe te enI meLe thaze. kALa kivA pragatine niyamaja eve che. Ama hiMdustAnamAM aneka parivartana thayAM che ane thaze. paraMtu lakSamAM rAkhavAnI vAta atra eTalI ja che ke je pheraphAro karavA ApaNe zaktimAna thaie athavA karI zakIe te kevaLa eka dezI thaI na jAya e jovAnI bahu AvazyakatA che. sArAnI sAthe narasuM cAlyuM AvatuM hoya te narasuM samaya jatAM nIkaLI jaze evI AzAthI te vakhate saMtoSa mAna ucita gaNAya; paNa jANe ke ajANe narasuMja mAtra pesI jatuM hoya te vicArazIla purUSoe te vAta turata lakSamAM levI ghaTe che. pAzcAtya saMsarganA baLe ApaNI raheNIkaraNImAM, mAtra vilAsa vRttine saMtoSavA kevaLa anukaraNarUpe ghaNuM pesI jAya che, jethI lAbha kaI ' thatuM nathI ane hAni to thAya che. ekaja dAkhalo atre basa thaze. hA pIvAne rivAja samAjanA cheka nIcalA tharamAM paNa ghareghara pesI gayo che. kevI kevI muzkelIo e dharmane veThavI paDI hatI e vAta have graMthakAra trIjA prakaraNamAM kahe che. romanuM sAduM paNa bhavya jIvana have naSTa thaI gayuM hatuM, ane vilAsa vRttine lIdhe manuSyanAM AcaraNa kevaLa nItibhraSTa ane adhama thaI gayAM hatAM. loko bhoLA ane vahemI thaI gayA; ane AvI anukULa sthiti maLatAM IjIpano alakhavAda (Mysticism) romamAM pasI prabaLatA pAme. romanA rAjyamAM anya dharmone ghaNI svataMtratA hatI ane lekhakone potAnA vicAra jaNAvavAnI chUTa hatI. tethI aneka matamatAM taro rAmamAM cAlatA hatA ane lokonAM mana te tarapha vaLatAM hatAM. yAhudI dharmamAM ekezvaravAda hovAthI lokone te bahu AkarSaka thavA mAMDyo hato. TUMkAmA lekinAM mana atyAre evI sthitimAM AvI gayAM hatAM ke koI prabaLa dharma maLatAM turata temAM teo bhaLI jAya.

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14 AvI paristhitimAM khristi dharma paNa remamAM pagabhara thaye hato ane pitAnI sattA ane vaga vadhAryo jato hate. samayane lAbha laI ane jAdAM judAM AkarSaka tane pitAnA siddhAMtamAM vaNa daI chevaTe e sarvoparipadane prApta thayo ane remamAM ane AkhA yuropamAM prasarI gayo. tethI karIne te dharmanI sthApanA keIpaNa prakAre camatkArarUpa hatI e vAta mAnavAnI graMthakAra sApha nA kahe che. samayanA saMjoganI sAnukULatA, saMsthAnI sughaTa vyavasthA ane netAonI kAryadakSatA ane kuzaLatA, ane bhinna bhinna AkarSaka tane temaNe karele svIkAra, ItyAdi kAraNonI sAmaTI 1 khristi dharma duniyAnA itihAsamAM meTA pheraphAra kyAM che, ane hajI paNa karyuM jAya che. paraMtu khristi dharmanA AgamanathI yuropanI nItimAM je je parivartane thayAM che te have cethA prakaraNamAM graMthakAra kahI batAve che. kharuM kahIe te A cothuM prakaraNaja graMthane amUlya bhAga che; ane temAM zArlamenanA samaya sudhInA naitika itihAsanI samIkSaNa graMthakAre karI che. nItinAM mULa te tatvajJAna ane dharma bannemAM hoya che, paraMtu AcaraNa upara thatI darekanA upadezanI asaramAM bahu phera paDI jAya che. naitika utsAha vinA AcaraNanI sudaDha vyavasthA thaI zakatI nathI, kAraNa ke A naitika utsAhaja mANasane kAryamAM pravRtta kare che. te maMda hoya te nItimAM pravRtti paNa maMda rahe che. buddhinI preraNAthI je jJAna thAya te jJAnane AcaraNamAM pratIti karAvanAruM tattva A naitika utsAha che. ane AcAra vicAranI ekatA thAya tyAre ja mANasane nItimAna ApaNe kahIe chIe. jJAnanA darzana mAM AvuM sAmarthya hotuM nathI, kAraNa ke te kevaLa buddhipradhAna hoya che. tethIja karIne vidharmIonAM tattva darzane bhraSTa thaI gaelA AcaraNane sudhArI zakyA nahi. paraMtu khristi dharmamAM pApanuM bhAna ane pazcAtApa mukhya vAta hovAthI khAsa karIne nItibhraSTa mANasane temAMthI

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dilAse ane AzvAsana bahu maLe che. tethI ja duHkhI ane bhraSTa mANasane e dharma vadhAre mohaka thAya che. khristi dharmanA prasAranuM A paNa eka kAraNa che. tethI ja mane gulAma-varga khristi dharmamAM bhaLyo hato, ane tethI paraspara banene kevA lAbha thayA hatA e vAta graMthakAra bahu sArI rIte samajAve che. hiMdustAnamAM paNa nIcalA varganA lokeja khristi dharmamAM gayA che ane jAya che ane "vizvAsI" nA nAmathI oLakhAya che. ane halakA varga (Depressed classes) nI sthiti sudhAravAnI je caLavaLa atyAre dezamAM cAlI rahI che te vAta paNa lakSamAM utAravA jevI che. paropakAra ane premajIvana khristi dharmanA pAyAmAM rahelA che, ane khristi dharmanA AraMbha kALamAM lagabhaga base varSa paryata khristionAM AcaraNa ati vizuddha ane anupama rahyAM hatAM. paraMtu jema nadInuM vahana mULamAM svaccha hoya che, paraMtu AgaLa cAlatAM te vistRta paNa asvaccha thatuM jAya che, tema mahAna caLavaLanA mukhya ucca udezamAM samaya jatAM AjubAjunA saMjogonI aneka asare bhaLatI jAya che, ane tethI jUduM ja svarUpa te dhAraNa karatI jAya che. te pramANe khristi dharmanI sthApanA mAM naitika sudhAraNAnAM je AzAjanaka cihano jANatAM hatAM te saikAo paryata bahAra dazya thayAM nahi. tathApi khristi dharma janasevA ghaNI karI che, ane tenI tapAsamAM have graMthakAra utare che. khristi dharmanI prathama asara e thaI ke tethI manuSyanI aMdagI pavitra gaNAvA lAgI. tethI garbhapAtamAM gune thAya che evI samajaNa lekemAM ubhI thaI ane bALahatyAmAM ghora pApa samajAvA lAgyuM. chokarAMone rakhaDatAM mUkavAno cAla baMdha paDe, ane taravAranA prANaghAtaka khela dhIme dhIme baMdha paDayA. vaLI dehAMta daMDanI sajA sAme aNagamo ubho thavA lAge ane AtmahatyAmAM pApa che evI samajaNa thatAM te pratye tiraskAra upajavA lAge. sArvatrika bhrAtRbhAvano upadeza thavA lAgyo e tenI bIjI asara thaI. tethI gulAma vargane ghaNo phAyado thaze, ane

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te varganA khAsa sadAcAronI kiMmata aMkAvA lAgI. sakhAvate vadhI ane temanI niyamasara vyavasthA thavA lAgI. paraMtu amuka prakAranA dIvAnA paNa pratye khristi saMsthA bahu kaThoratAthI vatI che ane tethI DAkaNamAM khapI aneka DozIonA prANu gayA che.. vaLI sakhAvatemAM bahu. viveka paNa raheto nahi, tethI sakhAvatane udeza paNa bahu phaLIbhUta thatA nahi. topaNa tene lIdhe lekemAM kAMIka kamaLatA AvI hatI. A badhAM sudhArA karavAmAM khristi saMsthAe be upAyo kAme lagADayA hatA. prabhubhojanamAMthI bAtala karI gunegArane dhArmika zAsana e karatI hatI, ane briti dharma jyArathI rAjya-dharma thayo tyArathI te dharmanA valaNane anusarI rAjyamAM kAyadA thavA lAgyA hatA. kansTaTAinanA samayathI khristi dharma rAjya-dharma thayo. paraMtu te pahelAM khristio upara rAjya taraphathI vakhate vakhate bahu julama thato ane trAsa varatAto. AnA pariNAmamAM tapavRtti ubhI thaI ane bhayamAMthI bacI javA leke jaMgalamAM javA lAgyA. dhIme dhIme teo dehane kaSTa devAmAM aMdagInuM sArthaka mAnavA lAgyA. temAMthI saMta nIkaLavA lAgyA, ane pachI saMta kathAo cAlu thaI. AmAMthI saMta jIvananuM dRSTibiMdu ubhuM thayuM. A tapovRttinA pracAramAMthI pariNAma nIpajI AvyAM. jJAna pratye aNagame thaye. manuSyanI prakRtimAMja rahelA vikAranA tattvane kevaLa dabAvI tratA sadAcAranA kramamAM agrasthAne AvI. tethI thayuM ema ke dharma viSAdamaya rUpa pakaDavA mAMDayuM, ane manuSya jIvanamAM khuza mIjAja ane AnaMda rahyAM nahi. paraMtu noti paratve IcchA svAtaMtryane sAkSAtkAra vadhAre spaSTa paNa e vAtane uttejana ApatA hatA. vaLI nAgarika sadAcAra asta thavA lAgyA tethI prajAkIya ke sAmAjIka caMcaLatAno lepa thayo; svadezAbhimAna naSTa thavA lAgyuM ane tethI rUmI rAjyanI paDatI tvarita banI.

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17 vaLI A sarva parivartanane lIdhe samayanI naitika dRSTimAM paNa phera paDI gayo, ane nAnI nAnI bAbatomAM nItinI bahu uhApoha thavA lAgI, paraMtu AkhA samAjamAM ja ekaMdare saDo pesI gayo hato. pAdarI varga bhraSTa thaI gayo hato ane temAM bAlIzatA ane durAcAra pisI gayAM hatAM. 'tathApi keTalIka bAbatomAM tapavRttinuM valaNa sAruM paNa hatuM. Atmabhoga ApatAM zIkhavavAnI te eka prakAranI zALA hatI. saMtanI kathAmAM nItinuM saidarya hatuM. muMgA prANIo pratye mAyALu thavAnuM temAM valaNa hatuM. paraMtu A badhI vAtane dharmanI sAthe vaNuM devI paDatI hatI. pazcimamAM tapavRttie vyAvahArika svarUpa lIdhuM hatuM, ane temAMthI. maThanI saMsthA ubhI thaI. ghaNAM kAraNone lIdhe A saMsthA have lekane AkarSaka thavA lAgI hatI, ane tethI dInatA ane AjJAdhInatAnA sadAcAra AgaLa AvavA lAgyA. mehenata karavAmAM je dUSaNa gaNAtuM hatuM te. have jatuM rahyuM ane tethI mehenatu varganI kiMmata aMkAvA lAgI. paraMtu buddhi-viSayaka sadAcArane sakhata phaTake lAge, ane dharmanI bAbatamAM svatatratAne kevaLa nAza thayo. tethI karIne dharmamAM koI paNa jAtanI zaMkA karavAmAM pApa gaNavA lAgyuM; dhArmika julama thavA lAge ane zAstrIya zodhakhoLa karanArAone trAsa thavA lAgyo. maThamAM prAcIna graMtho sacavAI rahetA ane hastalikhita pratonuM saMrakSaNa thatuM, paNa navIna kRtine satkAra thato nahi. mAtra dharma saMbadhIja lekha lakhAtA hatA. tethI maThanI saMsthA ekaMdare jJAnanI pravRddhine anukULa nahotI. vaLI pitAnAja dharmamAM satya raheluM che, bIje kyAMI satya hoyaja nahi evI samajaNa thavAthI satyane prema ocho thaI gaye. uparAMta dharmane nAme narakanAM bIhAmaNAM citro ApI lekenI kalpanAne sAdhuo tharatharAvI detA, ane temAMthI bacavA loke maThamAM nANuM ApatA. AmAM anya kAraNe paNa bhaLavA lAgyAM, ane maThanuM nANuM vadhI paDayuM. tethI samaya jatAM maTha saMsthAmAM atyaMta durAcAra peThe tethI te saMsthA aMte nAbuda thaI.

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A sadhaLAne upasaMhAra karI chevaTe graMthakAra te samayanA yurepanI prapaMca ane pAkhaMDa karI rAjAo pitAnuM rAjya vadhAratA, ane te je hatA. rAja nItimAna hoya paNa je te khristi na hoya to tene teo vakhoDatA hatA. dhIme dhIme dharmagurUonuM jora vadhI paDayuM ane jemanA dharmagurUo ane svataMtra thaI rAjyamAM vacce paDavA lAgyA; ane dharmane Azraya letAM rAjAonA hake divya gaNAvA lAgyA. musalamAnonA trAsane lIdhe ane dharmabhaktine lIdhe dharmayuddhano jamAne AvyuM. temAMthI zaurya jatAM jAgIra-vyavasthA ( Feudal System) vistAra pAmI. AvA samayano daSTAMtabhUta purUSa mahAna zArlamena hato. tethI tenuM varNana karI graMthakAra A prakaraNa samApta kare che. - have A badhAnI strInAM cAritrya ane padavI upara kevI asara thaI te chellA prakaraNamAM graMthakAra tapAse che. bAbata agatyanI che. paNa teno ItihAsa lakhavAmAM muzkelIo che. paraMtu itihAsakArane e bAbata hAthamAM lIdhA vinA chUTake nathI. jaMgalIomAM strIonI dazA dayApAtra hoya che. samaya jatAM strIo vicAtI baMdha thaI dAyajAne rivAja cAlu thaye ane strIonI padavI sudharatI gaI. vaLI eka strI karavAne rivAja paDatAM strIone mahimA ane sukha vadhyAM. grIsanA kavitA-kALamAM strIonAM suMdara citro AlekhAyAM che. paNa aitihAsika kALamAM temanI padavI tethI utaratI hatI. grIka lekanA ivanamAM strIonA be varga paDI gayA hatA; gRhapatnI ane vArAMganA. A bannenAM citra graMthakAra graMthamAM Alekhe che ane vArAMganAnuM sthAna grIka saMsAramAM zA mATe anucita gaNAtuM nahotuM tenAM kAraNe e batAve che.

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19 ramamAM strIo paratve sArvajanika abhiprAya vadhAre vizuddha hatA. prajAtaMtra kALamAM strIonI padavI ghaNuM mAnavaMtI hatI. paraMtu te kALanA Akhara samayamAM lekenI rItabhAta bhraSTa thaI gaI, ane ghaNAM kAraNene lIdhe lekene lagna pratye arUci thavA lAgI. pachI strIone svataMtra karavAnA kAyadA thavA lAgyA ane la zkedanI atyaMta zUTa thaI. tenuM pariNAma bahu buruM AvyuM; ane strIo kevaLa bhraSTa ane nirlajaja banI gaI; chatAM strIone sadAcAra cheka naSTa thaI gayo nahoto, ane te kALamAM paNa sadAcArI strIonA ghaNA dAkhalA che. strIone parANe sadAcAra paLAvavA pachI kAyadA racAvA lAgyA. nItizAstravettAo paNa upadeza karavA lAgyA ke lagna paratve naitika idhana arasaparasa strI purUSane sarakhuM che, ane vezyAvRtti adhama che. vaLI navIna pleTamatAdinI asarathI lokamatamAM pAtivatyano mahImA vadhavA lAge hate. A lekamatamAM khristidharma pitAnuM vajana umeryuM ane tevA gunhA karanArane te dharma dhArmika sajA karavA lAgyo. uparAMta khristi zahenazAha kAyadA paNa karavA lAgyA. vaLI tapovRtti pratye lokone bhAva upajatAM nItinI A bAbatane ghaNuM pretsAhana maLyuM. tethI aneka strIoe saMtanI padavI prApta karI dharma-vIratva teo dAkhavavA lAgI. te saMbaMdhamAM aneka kathAo paNa pracalita thaI. paraMtu tavRttie lagna-saMsthAne jabaro kaTake mAryo, kAraNake tapavRttine mULe lagnane ja aNagame hate. tethI pAdarIoe kuMvArA rahevuM e dharmamAM mata ubho thayo, ane tenA pariNAmamAM pAdarI varga bhraSTa thavA mAMDyo. sArAMza ke tapavRttinA samayamAM strIonI gaNanA bahu halakI thatI hatI. daramyAna jaMgalIoe roma sara karyuM, ane temanAmAM strIonI gaNunA bahu uMcA prakAranI thatI hatI. paraMtu temanA rAjAomAM bahu strI

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- 20 karavAne rivAja hato. A vAta khristi dharma nAbuda karI, ane lagnamAM dharmanuM tatva mUkIne lagna saMsthAne dhIme dhIme pavitra banAvI dIdhI. vaLI strI purUSanA lagna saMbaMdhI haka samAna che e vAtane khristidharma jesathI upADI lIdhI ane adyApi paryata paNa A vicAra yuropamAM pracalita che. vaLI lagnecachedanA rivAjane paNa khristidharma khUba vakhoDI kADhaye. tethI lagnanI bAbatamAM strI purUSane svataMtratA prApta thaI. vaLI mizra lagna pratye paNa khristidharma vigraha AraMbhe, kAraNa ke tethI kauTuMbika vikhavAda bahu thate, Ama ekaMdare strInI padavI sudhAravAmAM khristidharma bahu karyuM che. ahIM graMtha pUre thAya che. paraMtu samaya jatAM khristi dharmamAM phAMTA paDavA lAgyA, ane proTesTaMTa mate pipanI sAme baLavo karyo. A dharmasudhArakane mata evo hato ke lagnanA svarUpamAM dharmanuM tattva nathI, paNa temAM sAmAjIka kAraja heya che. tethI lagnacheda karavAmAM kAMI aDacaNa AvatI nathI. chatAM lagna karavAM e uttama vAta che, ane tethI proTesTaMTa pAdarIo paraNavA lAgyA. tathApi cheka hAlanA samaya sudhI kAyadAmAM strIo, vizeSa karIne paraNelI strIo, svataMtra gaNAtI nahotI. ane cheka chellA trIzeka varSathI ja strI purUSo vAstavika rIte samAna hakadAra che evI gaNanA thavA lAgI che. ane pariNAme IglAMDamAM matAbhilASI strIonI caMcaLatA jevI caLavaLa thavA mAMDI che. nIti paratve saMsAramAM kuTuMbanuM sthAna ati uMcuM che; tethI te saMbaMdhI kAMika vizeSa vicAra atra aprAsAMgika nahi gaNAya. jyAM kauTuMbika jIvana vizuddha na hoya tyAM samAjamAM saDo pesI jAya che, tethI karIne prajAmAM rASTrIyatA (Nationality ) AvI zakatI nathI, ane rAjyane niraMtara jokhama rahyA kare che. kauTuMbika jIvanamAM lagnanI vAta pradhAnapada bhogave che." paraMtu lagnamAM strI purUSanA paraspara abhyadaya ane niHzreya vicAra mukhya huM joie. tethI karIne prabaLa kAma-vikAra ke kevaLa svArthanA aMzathI

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derAI lo thAya te vAta AdaraNIya nathI; kAraNa ke evA saMbaMdho alpAyupI nIvaDe che, ane tethI strI purUSa ubhayanA jIvanamAM uccAzayatA nahi rahetAM jIvana bhraSTa thatuM jAya che ane temane saMsAra bagaDatuM jAya che. kuTuMba e vRttione keLavavAnI eka jAtanI zALA hoya che. chokarIone keLavavA mATe kemaLatA, anuvRtti, AtmatyAga, amuka uddeze kArya karavAnI satata aDagatA, javAbadArI, cacaLa pravRti ItyAdi guNo mAbApone sevavA paDe che, ane saMtAne paNa A uttama pATha jevA kuTuMbamAM zIkhe che tevA zALAmAM ke saMsAramAM paNa zIkhI zakatA nathI, tethI kauTuMbika jIvana ucca bhAvanAothI bharapUra ane vizuddha avazya rahevuM joIe. mAnasazAstranI draSTie jotAM saMpUrNa vizuddha kauTuMbika jIvanamAM premane AvirbhAva rahelo hoya che. prANI vargamAM nara mAdA eka bIjA pratye kaI akathya AvirbhAvathI svAbhAvika rIte ja AkarSAya evo sRSTine niyamaja che. paraMtu manuSya e buddhimAna prANI che, ane tethI Itara prANIenA jevA alpAyuSI saMbadha tene anucita lAge che. tethI karIne manuSya vargamAM lagna saMsthA ucca svarUpa pakaDe che ane ahika Ayumbika zreyanuM sAdhana te bane che. tethI je lagnamAM uccAzayatA ane mahAna nIti bhAvanAo pioSAI khIlI zake nahi te lagna avazya tiraskArane pAtra che, ane evAM lagna na thAya evA upAye yojAvA joIe. strI purUSa baMne eka bIjAne arthe jIve, pitAnAM saMtAnone ucca mArgamAM vALI samAjamAM ucca sthAnane mATe yogya kare, nirvAha ane gujarAnanA sAdhanamAM eka bIjAne paDakhe rahI paraspara sahAya kare, ane vicAra ane vANIne keLavI samAjanI sAmAnya pragatimAM yathAzakti pitAne phALo Ape-A pavitra daSTi lagnanI hovI joIe. vaLI eka bIjI vAta paNa lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI che. jo ke strI ane purUSa ane manuSya che, tathApi bannenA svabhAva ane prakRtimAM phera che, ane tethI ja banenI vacce lagnane saMbaMdha zakaya thAya che. strImAM zrI

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- 22 paNuM hovuM joIe ane rahevuM joIe; purUSamAM purUSapaNuM hevuM joIe ane rahevuM joIe. ane strItva ane purUSatvanA yathArtha milApamAMja lagnanuM lagnapaNuM raheluM che. tethI karIne je pravRtti ke saMsthAthI strInA strItvane ke purUSanA purUSatvane hAni pahoMcatI hoya athavA pahoMce tema hoya tene tyAga thavuM joIe, kAraNa ke tethI lagna-saMbadhane hAni pahoMce che, ane tethI samAjane aMte nukasAna thAya che. arvAcIna samayamAM aneka Arthika pheraphArane lIdhe yuropa ane amerikAmAM kauTuMbika jIvana ghaNuM rUpAMtara pAmI gayuM che. je dhaMdhA prathama gharanA udyoga gaNutA hatA te have yaMtrone lIdhe moTAM moTAM kArakhAnAmAM thavA lAgyA che, ane strIo ane chokarAM A kArakhAnAmAM kAme javA lAgyAM che. tethI kauTuMbika lAgaNIo keLavavAne avakAza bahu thoDe rahe che. purUSa paNa lagabhaga Akho divasa kuTuMbathI giLo ja rahe che, ane tethI pitAnI strI ane bALakanA samAgamathI kimaLatAnI je keLavaNI ene maLI zake che tenAthI benasIba e rahe che. strIo paratve te vastusthiti tyAM bahu pharI gaI che. vepAra hunnaranAM kArakhAnAM vadhatAM strIone nirvAhanAM sAdhana vadhyAM che; tethI gUjarAna artha lagna upara ke sagA saMbaMdhIo upara AdhAra rAkhavAnI jarUra temane rahetI nathI; ane kuMvArI jIdagInI svataMtratA vadhAre mohaka lAgatAM paraNetara jIMdagI pratye aNagamo rahe che. paraNelI strIone paNa kuTuMbanI sthiti game tevI hoya te paNa te nIbhAvI levAnuM mana thatuM nathI. arthAta strI purUSanI vacce AdhArAdheya saMbadha rahevuM joIe te ghaNuM ochuM thaI gayo che. vaLI pote kamAtI thavAthI ghara kAmakAja temane halakA prakAranuM lAge che. AvAM aneka kAraNothI tyAM lekenuM kuTuMba-sukha jatuM rahevA lAgyuM che. A parivartana keTalAka vicArazIla lekhakene jokhamakAraka lAge che. mAtAbhilASI strIonI dhamadhamATInI asara kadAca AgaLa upara spaSTa thaze. pAzcAtya dezomAM audyogika sAhase vadhatAM AvAM pariNAma AvyAM che, ane nItizAstravettAomAM hamaNAM hamaNAmAM A vAta bahu chaNAvA lAgI

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che. dareka deze pitAnAja sajeneja sUkSma viveka karI temane khIlavavA, che e vAta khAsa karIne lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI che. - ApaNA AryAvartane A datihAsa lakhavA mATe agAdha zakti, advitIya vidvattA, avirama zrama, ane puSkaLa avakAzanI AvazyakatA che, ane mAre mATe to e kArya ati durdhaTa che-kadAca azakaya ja che. paraMtu lekInI peThe je kaI samartha Arya vidvAna e graMtha lakhavAnuM hAthamAM le te bezaka tethI ghaNo lAbha thAya. tathApi A TUMkA uddaghAtamAM paNa ApaNe ItihAsanI jevI tevI paNa rekhA deravI iSTa che ema samajI huM mAtra sAdI ane jema bane tema TUMkAmAM rUparekhA aMkita karavI eTale ja udeza che. pAzcAtya vidvAnonA graMtha uparathI jaNAya che ke manuSya jAtano nava daza hajAra varSane vizvasanIya ItihAsa ApaNane maLI zake che. manuSyanI utpatti thayAne keTale kALI gayo che te kahevuM banI zake tema nathI. ApaNAmAM yuga yugAMtara ane mavaMtaranI kalpanA che; ane te pramANe karaDe zAstra khUba kheDayuM che, ane tenI gaNatrI ApaNI te kalpanAne anukULa thatI jaNAya che. khristi dharma-pustaka bAIbalamAM manuSyanI utpatti thayAMne che hajAra varSa kahyAM che, paNa e vAta have yuropamAM paNa manAtI nathI. evuM jaNAya che ke aitihAsika kALanA cheka prAthamika samayamAM Arya nAmathI oLakhAte manuSyane eka samUha eziyAnA cheka uttara bhAgamAM vasato hato; ane eka sAmAnya bhASA bolato hato. A bhASAmAMthI yuropanI grIka, iTAlika, kelTika, TayuTonika ane lainika bhASAo upajI AvI che; ane eziyAnI saMskRta, prAkRta, chaMda, phArasI ane A rameniyana bhASAo paNa temAMthI ja thaI che. A mULa ToLAmAMthI eka bhAga chUTe paDI yurepa tarapha gayo, ane

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temanI olAdathI yurepa va. bIjo bhAga irAna tarapha gaye; ane madhya eziyAmAM thaI eka trIjo bhAga hiMdustAna bhaNI AvI prathama paMjAbamAM vacce, ane tyAMthI hiMdustAnamAM prasaryo. hiMdustAnamAM te vakhate draviDa nAmanI jAtanA jaMgalI leke vasatA hatA, je mULe tAtAra, TibeTane raste thaI madhya eziyAmAMthI AvelA manAya che. jema jema A hiMdustAnamAM AgaLa vadhatA gayA, tema tema A jaMgalI lekene teo dakSiNa tarapha bahAMkatA gayA. cArathI pAMca hajAra varSa pUrve hiMdamAM AvelA A Aryo te vakhate paNa sudhArAmAM ghaNuM AgaLa vadhI gaelA hatA. AvyA tyAre ja A A uttama saMskAra ane vicAre pitAnI sAthe letA AvyA hoya ema jaNAya che; ane A vicAro lagabhaga be hajAra varSa paryata vikAsa pAmatA rahyA che. A kALa vedakALa kahevAya che, ane ApaNe te kALane e saMjJAthI oLakhazuM. A samayamAM dezanI paristhiti ane rItarivAja vAM hatAM te ApaNe joIe. zvedamAM Ane prArthanA karatAM ApaNe joIe chIe. sRSTikrama dene sthApela hoya che ane kudarata paNa devanI AjJA pALatI jaNAya che. vaLI Rta kivA satya-nItine kAyade paNa hoya che ane te mANasee pALaja joIe; ane je na pALe tene deve zikSA kare che; Avo vicAra mukhyatve karIne te samaye pracalita hoya ema jaNAya che. prArthanAne mATe deva-maMdIre baMdhANuM nahatAM. tethI te samaye temanAmAM mUrtipUjA hoya e vAta saMbhavita lAgatI nathI. paNa samaya jatAM boddha dharma ane jaina dharma hiMdamAM cAlavA lAgyA, tyAre lokone anukULa thaI brAhmaNoe paNa vedadharmamAM mUrtipUjA dAkhala karI hoya ema jaNAya che. vedakALamAM cA hemAdi ane devatAonI stuti gheraja thatAM, ane sagAM snehIo prArthanA karI prasAdI letA. devene prArthanA karavAthI ja kalyANa thAya che ema manAtuM hatuM; ane kalyANamAM dravya, khorAka, AyuSya, AbAdI, Dhora, gAya,

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gheDA, zatruthI rakSaNa, vijaya ane kavacita asura zatruono nAza ityAdi magAtAM hatAM. AtmAnI amaratAnA ane bhAvi jIMdagInI AzAnA jhakArA paNa kavacita kavacita dekhAya che. deva amara che evI mAnyatA hatA. asatyane tirarakAra ane pApane dhikkAra jovAmAM Ave che. hatI, ane devatAo saMtoSAya te kalyANa avazya thAya evI mAnyatA hatI. A denAM nAma pratye je ApaNe najara nAkhIe chIe te ApaNane mAlama paDe che ke purANakALanA ziva, mahAdeva, durga, kALI, rAma, kRSNa ityAdi te nathI; tema brahmA, viSNu ane mahezanI trimUrti je pAchaLathI ApaNA sAMbhaLavAmAM bahu Ave che te paNa nathI; paraMtu agni, idra, sUrya, marUta, Aditya, uSA, azvino, rUdra ItyAdinI prArthanAo te samaye thatI hatI. keTalAka kahe che ke e samaye A pitAnAM Dhora DhAMkhara laI ahIM tahIM bhaTaktA ane bahu te bharavADazAI jIdagI gALatA hatA. paNa samayanI sthiti jotAM A vAta mAnya thaI zake evI nathI. khetInI sthiti A bAda hatI, ane te vakhate dhaMdhA hunnara paNa khIlyAM hatAM. kApaDa vaNavAnuM teo sArI rIte jANatA hatA. sutAra kAmathI teo mAhItagAra hatA. senAna ane leDhAnA bakhatara banAvavAnuM kAma paNa teo jANatA hoya ema jaNAya che. vaLI teo samudranI saphare karatA, ane dvIpo upara caDAIe paNa teo karatA; tethI vahANa bAMdhavAnA kAmamAM teo kuzaLa hoya ema jaNAya che. vepAra te teo sArI rIte kheDatA hatA; ane samaya jatAM misara, bebilona ItyAdi dUra dezAvarenI sAthe teo vepAra karavA lAgyA hatA. khagoLazAstramAM te bezaka teo anAthI bahu AgaLa vadhelA hatA. siMdhune kaThe, kaccha ane gujarAtamAM paNa teo vadhI AvyA hatA. nAnAM nAnAM rAjya ane rajavADAM paNa temaNe sthApI dIdhAM hatAM. AvA sudharelA Arya leke varNa gera ane caherAmAM suMdara hatA.

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26 brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya ane zudra e cAra varNa hatI. RvedanA prakhyAta purUSasuktamAM paNa temane isAre che, ane temanI utpattinuM varNana che. uparAMta jaMgalIonI pAMcamI jAta hatI, ane temane A nizAda kahetA hatA. gAma ane pUra vasyAM hatAM. ghare ghaNuM karIne teo mATInA banAvatA paNa paththara ane cUne paNa vAparatA hoya e saMbhavita che. gAmane keTa ane kIlA hatA. rAjAo purohita rAkhatA hatA, ane temane gAyo ItyAdi bakSIsa ApatA hatA. garIba ane dhanavAna-evA varga hatA ane garIba pratye dhanavAna bahu udAra rahetA. bahudhA eka strI karavAno rivAja hato, paraMtu A rivAjamAM kadi apavAda paNa banatA haze. rAjAomAM bahu strI karavAno rivAja hoya ema jaNAya che. purUSa vadhAre baLavAna-vIryavAna gaNAto hovAthI purUSane AvI chUTa apAtI hoya e saMbhavita che. tathApi strIonI sthiti sukhI hatI ane padavI mAnavaMta hatI. tethI strI kuMvArI rahI bApane ghera gharaDI thAya to temAM moTuM durbhAgya manAtuM. strIone pharI lagna karavAnI chUTa hoya ema paNa jaNAya che. paNa tevAM lagna kavacita ja banatAM hoya ema lAge che. jUThuM belanArA pApIone bhAI vinAnI strIo sAthe ane pitAnA svAmInuM buruM vAMcatI strIo sAthe sarakhAvyA che. svarUpavAna strI pitAne bhAgyazALI gaNatI hatI. "te pitaja lokamAMthI pitAne mitra pasaMda karI le che," ema kadamAM kahyuM che. dravyanI khAtara koI strI je kaI purUSane paraNe te tenI bahu niMdA thatI hatI. A uparathI ema jaNAya che ke keTalIka strIone te pitAne pati pasaMda karavAnI chUTa hatI. tathApi svayaMvarane cAla nahi hoya. rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhAratanA samayamAM svayaMvara thatA hatA, paraMtu te paNa ghaNuM karIne rAjAemAMja thatA haze. A saghaLI vAtothI ema jaNAya che ke bALalagna to te samaye nahija thatAM heya. musalamAnonA trAsadAyaka samayamAMja bALalagnano rivAja astitvamAM Avyo hoya ema jaNAya che.

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satIne rivAja paNa musalamAnonA samayathI Arya saMsAramAM peThe lAge che. vedakALamAM pati marI jatA tyAre tenI strIne mazAnamAM laI javAmAM AvatI hatI, tyAM ceha upara besArI pAchI tene uDADI ghera A rivAja aMgreja sarakAranA rAjyamAM laoNrDa benTikanA samayamAM kAyadAthI nAbuda thayo che. ekaMdare strIonI padavI uMcI gaNAtI hatI ema lAge che. tathApi triIonI bevaphAinA ane vyabhicAranA isArA paNa maLI Ave che. jUgaTuM ramAtuM hatuM ane tenAM burAM pariNAma pratye lekenuM lakSa khecAvA lAgyuM hatuM. jugArIonI strI pratye anya purUSo chaLakapaTa ane prapaMca kare che. . eka ThekANe strIe gupta saMketa sAcavyAnuM paNa lakhyuM che. garbhapAta gupta rIte thato hoya e saMbhavita lAge che, strIo upara aMkuza joIe evI sAmAnya rIte mAnyatA pracalita hatI. pAchaLathI RtikAre to spaSTa kahetA ke strI kadApi svataMtra nathI. paraMtu te uparathI ema samajavAnI bhUla ApaNe kavI joItI nathI ke strIonI gaNatrI gulAma tarIke thatI hatI. manusmRtimAM spaSTa kahyuM che ke jyAM nArIo pUjAya che tyAM devatAo rame che. grIsa ane remamAM je uddezathI garbhapAta thatA hatA ane bALakene rakhaDatA mUkavAmAM AvatAM hatAM te uddezathI AvartamAM kadi paNa ema thayuM hoya evuM jaNAtuM nathI. pAchaLathI rajapUtomAM dIkarIone dUdhapItI karavAne rivAja paDayo hato, paNa tenuM kAraNa e che ke taravArIA rajapUtane "sasare' thavAmAM meNuM lAgatuM hatuM. A cAla paNa dayALu aMgreja sarakAranA amalamAM cheka arvAcIna samayathI baMdha paDI gayo che, paraMtu lekI kahe che temAM sudhArAnI vRddhimAM vyabhicAranA gunhAne vadhAravAnuM valaNa hoya che ane tethI garbhapAtanA gunhA paNa vadhe che. A gunhAo vidhavAo kare gayA che. kAraNa ke rivAja tarIke je ke punarlagnane svIkAra Arya saMsA

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- 28 ramAM adyApi paryata paNa thaze nathI; tathApi brAhmaNa vANIA jevI uMca varNanI vidhavAo nAta jAtamAMthI nAzI chUTI anya sAthe ghara mAMDIne rahe che ane sagAM sabaMdhI temane koI paNa prakAre kanaDI zakatAM nathI. aphasosa che ke hAlanA hiMduo nADuM pakaDIne beThA che te beThAja che ane beThA ja raheze. bhegA maLIne kAMI toDa kADhavAnuM temane phAvatuM ja nathI. beeka varSa pahelAM vANIAnI nA namAM taratanI paraNelI be kanyAo rAMDatAM nAte temane pharI paraNAvavAnI paravAnagI ApI che e vAta atyaMta saMtoSakAraka che. samajunI balIhArI che ! vaLI vedakALamAM gulAma bheTa tarIke apAtA hatA, tethI gulAmagIrIne rivAja hoya ema jaNAya che. paraMtu gulAmone trAsa apAto hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. ekaMdare samAjanI sthiti AbAda hatI ane leke . sukhI hatA. strIo suMdara vastrAlaMkAra paheratI. kapaDAMmAM unanAM vastro vAparavAne cAla vizeSa hata; sUtarAu kapaDAM paNa vaparAtAM haze. purUSa pAghaDIo paheratA, ane strIo hAlanA khAkhIonI jaTA jevo mAthe vALane ubho abeDa vALatI. tethI mAthe oDhavAne, lAja kADhavAne ke paradA pezane rivAja hoI zake nahi. A rivAja paNa musalamAnonA samayathI ja paDe che. hAla paNa dakSiNamAM mAthe oDhavAno rivAja nathI. anAjamAM java, cokhA, mAza (aDada), tala, dhANA ItyAdi dhAnya vaparAtAM hatAM. dahIM, ghI ane madha puSkaLa vaparAtAM hatAM. phaLAdine upavega paNa bahu thato hato. yajJamAM mAMsa vAparyAnuM paNa eka ThekANe kahyuM che. devane mahIjInuM baLIdAna apAtuM hoya ema jaNAya che. semapAna ityAdi kephI pINAnA IsArA paNa ghaNA che. sUrApAna thatuM hoya ema paNa jaNAya che. paNa e sUrA zAmAMthI kADhavAmAM Avato hato te jaNAtuM nathI. hAla vivAha vidhimAM je madhuparka karavAmAM Ave che te eka jAtane atithi satkAra che. ane mAMsa vinA madhuparka nahi, ema AzvalAyana kahe che; ane temAM govadha thaelA che. atyAre ApaNane AthI sakheda Azcaryaja

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upaje che ! paraMtu paradezagamananI virUddha bolanArAoe AvI vAta dhyAnamAM rAkhavI ghaTe che. atyAre te ApaNe madhuparkamAM dahIM, ghI ane madhaja vAparIe chIe. ratha banAvavAmAM ke te samaye kuzaLa hatA, ane lAkaDA ane dhAtumAM kArIgarI banatI hatI. bhAlA, taravAra, charI, pharazI ityAdi laDA InAM hathiAra banAvavAmAM paNa teo kuzaLa hatA. cAmaDAnI kArIgarI paNa thatI hatI. jugArIAone khetI karavAnI bhalAmaNa thatI hatI tethI kAmathI paNa teo jANItA lAge che; ane leNadeNane zarAphI vyApAra paNa temanAmAM cAlatuM hatuM. | vedakALamAM AryonuM jIvana ekaMdare AvuM hatuM. temAMthI temanA AcaraNano namuno kalpavo muzkela nathI. dezanuM nahi, paNa pitAnI jAtinuM abhimAna temane bahu hovuM joIe, ane AvuM abhimAna manuSyane uttama nItimAM preranAruM apratima baLa nIvaDe che. vaLI anAryonI vacamAM temane rahevAnuM hovAthI temanAmAM saMpa ane bhAtRbhAva hovAM joIe, kAraNa ke bAhya saMkaTathI saMpa ane bhrAtR-bhAvanI lAgaNIo bahu keLavAya che ane dara thAya che. vaLI sau sAthe AvelA hovAthI dareka kuTuMbamAM tenA vaDA ke kuLa pitAnI sattA sarvoparI gaNatI haze. AbAda thavAmAM vastI vRddhinI prathama jarUra; tethI strIo pratye mAna ane pUjya buddhi rahetAM hovAM joIe. strIo paNa potapotAnA patine vaphAdAra rahe ane tenuM zubha IcchanArI hoya te te paNa vAstavika che. jarUra paDatAM judI judI jAtanAM kaLA hunnara paNa astitvamAM AvyAM hoya te temAM paNa navAI nathI. rAjyataMtra prathama prajAtaMtra jevuM ja hovuM joIe ane vaDIle pratye sarvane mAna ane pUjyabuddhi rahetAM haze. varNa vyavasthA hajI garbhamAM hatI, ane tethI Amane sAmane lagnanI bahu chUTa haze. chevaTe A dezanAM kudaratI saidarya ane ramaNIyatAthI temanA saMskArI hRdaya ane buddhimAM kaI alaukika pratibiMba paDatAM temanAmAM rahelI guhya dharma-bhAvanA devonA kavana karavA lAgI haze.

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A bIja samayanA saMjoganA baLe vikAsa pAmatAM gayAM. anArya prajAne jItI pitAnA dezane vistAra karatAM karatAM temane rAjAnI jarUra paDI. tethI rAjya baMdhAvA lAgyAM, ane niyamasara vyavasthA thavA lAgI. zatruone harAve ane dezanuM saMrakSaNa kare e kSatrI-varga ubhe the. vepAra vadhatAM vaizya varga ubhe the, ane yajJayAgAdi karavAM brAhmaNa-vargane bhAge rahyAM. anAryone sudhArI temanI dAsavarga temaNe banAvyo. Ama brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya ane zudra ema cAra varNa ubhA thayA. A badhuM brAhmaNa kALamAM ane AraNyakakALamAM banyuM lAge che ane sUtrakALamAM sUtrarUpe guMthAvA lAgyuM. have varNavyavasthA baMdhAtAM arasaparasa vyavahAra ane saMbaMdhanI vyavasthA thavA lAgI. trivarNamAM mAMhomAMhe lagna thatAM hoya ema jaNAya che. brAhmaNa kSatrInI kanyA paraNe ane kSatrI vaizyanI kanyA paraNe te anulema vyavahAra kahevAtuM. tethI ulaTuM bane te pratima vyavahAra kahevAtuM. A prAtaloma vyavahAra pratye Aryone bahu aNagame hate. vIryahAni ke kSetradoSa thatAM je aniSTa pariNAme Ave che temane bhaya Aryone bahu raheze hoya ema jaNAya che. tethI ja temane kuLa ane jAtinuM bahu abhimAna rahetuM hatuM. paraMtu jana-svabhAvamAM raheluM vikAranuM prabaLa tattva niyama ke vyavasthAnI beDIne vAraMvAra teDI nAkhe che. A vAta barAbara lakSamAM utAravAthI AgaLa jatAM je aneka nAte ane peTA nAte thaI te barAbara samajI zakAze. che paraMtu Arya jIvanamAM vicAranuM eka bIjuM vena paNa vahetuM hatuM. manuSya jIvanane koI gaMbhIra ane gahana uddeza have joIe evI bhAvanA Arya jIvanamAM mULathI ja aMtargata rahelI che. A bhAvanAne piSavA artha AzramanI vyavasthA thaI ane brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha ane sanyAsa banI prathama A bhAvanA devaprArthanA rUpe pratIta thavA lAgI; ane devane saMtoSavAno prayatna thavA lAgyA. pachI yajJakALa AvatAM devone badhuM apaNa

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karavAnI buddhi thaI. ane vahAlI vastuone devone bhega apAvA lAge. samaya jatAM pitRpUjA thavA lAgI ane pitRo deva gaNAvA lAgyA. temAMthI svargane vicAra janma pAmyo; paraMtu tethI Arya-bhAvanA saMtuSTa thaI nahi. chevaTe e vicAra Ave ke deva amara che te manuSyo paNa kema amara na hoI zake? tethI jIva brahmanA vicAra thavA lAgyA, ane nyAya, sAMkhya, vedAMtAdi darzane prAdurbhAva pAmyAM. paraMtu yajJakALamAM yajJo karavAthI svarganI prApti thAya che e vicAra AgaLa Avyo. AnI nIti mULathIja sAmAjIka (Ine temAM svArtha tyAga ane Atma-bhoganAM to prathamathI ja hatAM. A to yajJakALamAM bahu bahAra AvyAM. yajJamAM mukhya rahasya svArtha-tyAganuM ja che. baLIdAna eTale bhoga ApavAnI vAta yajJamAM mukhya che. tethI azvamedha, ajAmedha ityAdi ya thavA lAgyA. vakhate naramadha paNa thatA hatA. vakhata jatAM yonI vyavasthA bahu bArIka thaI paDI, ane AkhuM AryajIvana yothI bharAI gayuM. keTalAka yo ke je satra kahevAtA te bahu lAMbo kALa cAlatA ane temanI kriyA bahu sUkSma ane cekasa rIte thatI hatI. tethI karIne yajJa karAvanAra brAhmaNa varga bahu AgaLa paDyo, ane pazuhiMsA vadhI paDI. bauddhadharma ane jainadharma A vAtanI sAme thayA. bauddhadharmane Agraha jAtabhedane teDavAne paNa hatuM. A pramANe Arya dharmamAMja virodha utpanna thayo. tethI karIne brAhmaNane paNa vedadharmanuM svarUpa samathane anukULa karavAnuM Avazyaka lAgyuM. pariNAme purANanA zaiva, vaiSNava ityAdi dharmo cAlyA ane AgaLa jatAM baMgALAmAM zAkamata cAlya, ane kALI, duga ityAdi devIo pUjAvA lAgyAM. atyAre te mata matAMtara ane paMthone pAra rahyo nathI. adyApi paryata AyInI AMtara vyavasthA ApaNe joI. dhIma dhIme AkhA bhArata varSamAM teo patharAI gayA; varNAzrama dharma baMdhAI gaye; nAnAM moTAM rAjyo sthapAyAM; dharma bhAvanA rUpAMtara pAmatI gaI;

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32 aMdara aMdara vikhavAda zarU thaye; jaMtrataMtrAdi vahema cheka atharva vedanA kALathI temanAmAM pesavA mAMDayA hatA; zAktamata paNa cAlavA lAge, ane tethI AnA jIvanamAM adhamatA AvavA lAgI. A badhuM ApaNe jANyuM. AvI paristhitimAM have bAhya tatvanuM mizraNa thavA mAMDe che. - AryAvarta ati samRddhivAna deza che. ane hIrA mANekano deza che evI khyAti cheka vedakALathI paNa paradezamAM tenI thaI hatI, kAraNa ke AryAvartane vepAra misara, bAbIlana, irAna ItyAdi dUra dezAvare sAthe cAleluM hatuM. tethI paradezIone hiMdane bahu meha raheto hato. bauddha ane jaina dharmanI asarathI ane garama dezanI havAnA pratApe Arya prajAnAM satva ane parAkrama zithila thavA lAgyAM hatAM. . sa. pUrve cothA zatakathI paradezIonA humalA thavA lAgyA, ane tethI dezanI pAyamAlI thavA lAgI. prathama dArA AvyA. pachI sikaMdara Avyo. sikaMdara pachI tenA prAMtanA hAkeme A tarapha AvavA lAgyA; paNa temAMthI koI ahIM rAjya bAMdhI rahyuM nahi. IsavIsananA AraMbhamAM zaka kekee kAzmIramAM rAjya sthApyuM, ane A leke cAre tarapha dezamAM humalA karyA karatA. AvI sthiti lagabhaga pAMcase varSa cAlI. te pachI thoDAka samaya Aryabuddhi pAchI jAgrata thaI, prajAmAM caMcaLatA AvI; ane vyAkaraNa, bhASya ityAdi gaMbhIra graMtha lakhAyA. paraMtu musalamAna dharmanuM jora vadhatAM musalamAnonI caDAIo A deza upara thavA lAgI. mahamada gajhanIe te hada vALI. teramA saikAthI temanuM rAjya zarU thayuM. soLamA saikAmAM mogalee rAjya sthApyuM. megalenA samayamAM paNa valaMdA, kheMca, aMgreja ItyAdi yuropIya prajAo hiMdustAnamAM vepAra arthe AvatI thaI hatI. temAMthI aMgrejoe dhIme dhIme pitAnI vaga vadhArI potAnI sattA sarvoparI karI. A saghaLI bInA itihAsamAM jANItI che. A aitihAsika parivartanathI hiMduonuM hiMdupaNuM to cheka na gayuM, paNa temanuM Aryatva naSTaprAya thaI gayuM, musalamAnI samaya jAgyA pahelAM

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33 paNa varNavyavasthA bagaDavA lAgI hatI; ane AmAM kusaMpa ane kalaha vadhyAM hatAM. hiMdustAnamAM musalamAnI rAjya jAmavAnuM A paNa eka kAraNa che. dareka rAjya pitAne ja vicAra karI besI rahetuM; ane pADozI rAjyonuM bUruM cAhatuM. brAhmaNa varga hajI pavitra gaNatA hatA, paNa temanuM brahmateja jatuM rahevA lAgyuM hatuM. dezamAM hajI kaLA hunnara hatAM, paNa vepArane dhakko lAgavA mAMDyo hato. tathApi rajapUta samayamAM AcaraNane amuka namuno sacavAI rahyo hato. satya, Teka, pramANikapaNuM, zaurya, parAkrama ityAdi sadA hatA. paraMtu rAjAo ghaNuM rANuo paraNatA, ane anya lekemAM paNa te cAla thayo hato. tathApi strIonI sthiti ekaMdare sukhI hatI. rajapUtANIo adyApi paryata paNa DAhI, ThAvakI, ane catura gaNAya che. svataMtratAne jusso paNa kAMIka rahyA hatA. paraMtu musalamAnone samaya AvatAM A guNe paNa nAza pAmavA lAgyA. dharmadha musalamAne hiMduone vaTalAvavAno prayatna karatA, hiMduo upara bhAre kara nAMkhatA, ane sAmA thatA temane chuMdI mAratA. AvA trAsathI keTalAka hinduo musalamAna thaI gayA, ane eTalI nAta vadhI. loke nirmAlya ane tejahIna thaI gayA, ane rivAja pUra jozamAM cAlavA lAgyA. maMtra jaMtrAdi vahemanAM jhuMDa ubhAM thayAM; ane aneka matamatAMtara cAlavA lAgyA. AryazAstronA baMdha zithila thavA lAgyA ane lekane mAthe aneka jAtanI viTaMbaNAo paDavA lAgI. paraMtu A duHkhada citramAM eka rekhA sArI hatI. mogala zahenazAhoe hindane ghara gaNu rAjyanI jamAvaTa ahIM ja karI; tethI hindanI saMpatti hindamAMja hetIane kaLA ane kArIgIrIne uttejana maLatuM. bhavya imArate badhA Na, ane hindanA chIMTa, majalIna ItyAdi yuropamAM jatAM. vaLI trAsa ane julamanA samayamAM hinduone pitAnA dharmano Agraha vadhyo, ane tethI dilasojI ane saMpa vadhyAM. paNa asalanI vidvattA ane satya-prema rahyAM nahi; tethI zAstranA anukULa artha thatAM ajJAna ane vehema vadhyAM.

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- 34 megala zahenazAhatanA asta samayamAM mareDAnuM jora vadhyuM. paNa jAmI bhAganI paddhati temaNe grahaNa karI. enuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke pitAnI sattAkALe paNa mareThAo cetha ane saradezamukhIne nAme lUTaphATa ja karatA hatA. tethI dezamAM sarvatra aMdhAdhunI ane trAsa prasarI rahyAM. madhya hindustAnamAM pIMDhArA ane phAMsIA trAsa upajAvatA; paMjAbamAM sIkha leke mahemAMhe vaDhatA hatA; dakSiNamAM haidara ane TIpunuM rAjya thaDAkALane mATe udaya pAmyuM ane pachI asta pAmyuM. cora, lUTArA ane cAMcIA cetarapha trAsa varatAvavA lAgyA. jAna mAlanI salAmatI rahI nahi ane leke trAhi trAhi pikAravA lAgyA. laDAI, TaMTA, ane pharasAda cAre tarapha thavA lAgyA. Ave samaye aMgreja yoddho bahAra pADe, ane kaLabaLathI kAma karI pitAnI sattA eNe sthApI. sattAvananA baLavA pachI briTiza zehena zrI vikaTeriyAnA nAme parama hitakara briTiza rAjya cAlavA lAgyuM. briTiza amala jema jema jAmate gayo, tema tema jAnamAlanuM rakSaNa vadhatuM gayuM; ane hindanA dharma ane kAyadAne mAna apAvA lAgyuM. dezI rajavADA niyamamAM AvavA lAgyA ane Adhunika sudhArAne kALa besavA lAge. leke nirbhaya thayA ane vAgha ane bakarI eka Are pANI pIe e samaya Avyo. A zAMtine samaya AvatAM lekene pitAnA abhya daya ane nizreyano vicAra karavAno prasaMga pAcho prApta thaze. sarakAre paNa lekene keLavavAno AraMbha karyo. yunivarasiTIo sthapAI, ane chApAM ane vartamAnapatre nIkaLavA lAgyAM. aMgrejI bhASAno abhyAsa vadhatAM leke pAthI ya vicAra ane raheNI karaNIthI vAkepha thavA lAgyA. temanAM kuMDa vikherAyAM, ane "yA homa karIne paDo sudhAre Age amadAvAdamAM prArthanA samAja AstitvamAM AvI, Arya samAja ane

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35 thiophikala sosAITI ubhAM thayAM, ane AryazA navInarUpe samajAvA lAgyAM. sudhArAne pavana pUra jesamAM kuMkAvA lAgyo; ane punarlagna ane paradeza gamananI jabarI himAyata thavA lAgI, tAra, AgagADI ane AgaboTa thatAM musApharI ane vepAranI sagavaDe vadhI ane vicAranI Apa le thavA lAgI. yAMtrika kaLA dAkhala thatAM garIbInI rejI ughaDI, ane piSTa ophIsanI sevIMga bekamAM nANuM jamA thavA lAgyAM; ane tethI lekamAM karakasaranI Teva paDavA lAgI. ekaMdare Arya jIvanamAM utsAha AvyuM, ane hindanuM nazIba sudharelI duniyAnI sAthe saMkaLAvA lAgyuM. paNa dezamAMthI kaLA hunnara gayAM ane leke sarakAranI nokarI zodhavA lAgyA. chellA dasakAmAM leka-vicAra alabatta badalAvA lAge che, ane dezamAM audyogika caLavacaLa cAlI rahI che. koMgresa sthapAtAM leke rAjakIya prane samajavA lAgyA che. saMsAra sudhArA kaeNnpharansa paNa bharAvA lAgI che, ane temAM sAMsArika sudhArAnA prazno carcAya che. saMsAra sudhArAmAM atyAre be prazno mukhya thaI paDayA che, nAtabheda ane nIcalA varganI unnati, samaya evo Avyo che ke jUdI jUrI nAte bhegI maLI A praznone kAMIka toDa AgaLathI kADhI taiyAra nahi rahe to samayanA saMgamAM rahelAM baLe te tene teDa kADhavA pravRta thaI ja cUkyA che. ekaMdare Arya jIvane have kAMIka navuM ja rUpa dhAraNa karavA mAMDayuM che. paraMtu lekane ghaNe meTo bhAga hajI azikSita che; ane strI keLavaNI hajI paNa nahivat che. A badhAM parivartanamAMthI pAzcAtya saMsarganI asara hindavAsIonAM AcaraNa upara ghaNuM gabhIra ane moTI thaI che ane hajI thatI jAya che. pAzcAtya saMsargathI hindanI pragatinuM venaja jANe pharI gayuM hoya ema lAge che. saikAo paryata je vAta banavI muzkela thaI paDI hatI, ane je kadi paNa banaze e vAta asaMbhavita lAgatI hatI, te jotajotAmAM ApaNI najara sanmukha banatI jAya che. jamAnAne jamAtA parya dAI gaelI

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je prajAne hAza karIne besavAne vAre Avyo nahote te prajA have khriTiza amalanA zAMtidAyaka samayamAM sukha cenanI mIThI nidrAnuM parama sukha levA lAgI, ane kezavakRtinA gAnArane "hindupaNuM jAya hAlyuM' evo pikAra temanA kAnamAM nAkhavAnI jarUra lAgI. paNa hindupaNuM hAlyuM te hAlyuM tene rokI rAkhavAnuM sAmarthya have kAInAmAM rahyuM hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. mekSamUlara kahe che ke hindanI prajAmAM ALasu ane edI thaI javAnuM valaNa che; A vAta sAcI lAge che. hindane vepAra mAtra pazcimavAsIonA hAthamAM gayo che, ane je hinda prathama pitAnI kArIgIrIne mATe AkhI duniyAmAM paMkAtuM hatuM teja hindamAMthI kAco mAla kharIdAI paradeza caDe che ane anyarUpe pAcho hindamAMja dazagaNuM vizagaNI kIMmate vecAya che. A bAbatamAM hinda have chellA dazakAmAM ghaNuM jAgrata thayuM che. eka vidvAna kahe che ke Arthika pheraphArathI sudhArA enI meLe thAya che, A vAta paNa hindanA saMbaMdhamAM ajAba rIte sAcI nIvaDI che. paccIsa varSamAM ApaNA AcAra vicAramAM keTale phera paDI gayo che ! ! relave, AgaTa ityAdithI AbhaDacheTa ochI thaI gaI che; ane nAta jAtanA baMdha zithila thaI gayA che. moMghavArIthI nAtavarA ochA thaI gayA che, ane vakhata jatAM temAM hajI paNa bahu pheraphAra thaze. mizralano thavA lAgyAM che ane dharmano cheha ocho thayo che. bALalagno bahu ochAM thaI gayAM che, ane jo ke hajI vidhavAonA punarlagnane rivAja niyama tarIke svIkAra pAmyo nathI, tathA5 anyarUpe punarlagna ghaNuM thavA lAgyAM che. ekaMdare strIone vadhAre chUTa maLatI jAya che, raheNImAM sukhacenanuM dhoraNa uMcu thatuM jAya che, ane tethI kULavAna akULavAnanA jUnA vicAra ghasAtA jAya che. aMgrejI keLavaNIno prabhAvaja e che ke grejyueTa thatAM mANasa ghaNAkharA jUnA vicArone enI meLeja mUkI de che. paraMtu sAthe sAthe zarIra saMpatti kSINa thatI jAya che, ane hAlanA

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rA yuvakemAM meTAInA khoTA vicAra pesI gayA che. pacAsa rUpIA kamAto vepArI je kAma kare che te karatAM meTrika thaele yuvaka zaramAya che. dhaMdhA rojagAra ane nokarImAM paNa harIphAI vadhatI jAya che ane tethI kamANI jUja ane anizcita banatI jAya che. jJAna kevaLa ekade dI thatuM jAya che paradeza gamananI chUTa vadhatI jAya che, paNa sAdhananA abhAve teno lAbha je joIe tevo maLI zaka nathI. taMdurastInA niyama barAbara jaLavAtA nathI, ane bALakenuM maraNa pramANa vadhatuM jAya che. matamatAMtara vadhatA jAya che ane sArvajanika saMsthAo koma komavAra thatAM mAtra eka jAtiya banI javAnuM jokhama teo varatI jAya che. nAta jAtamAM ane mANasa mANasamAM avizvAsa vadhato jAya che, ane tethI lagna jevAM pavitra kAe paNa karAranuM rUpa dhAraNa karatAM jAya che. TUMkamAM kahIe to pAzcAtya prajAnA saMsargathI vyakivAda ApaNAmAM ghaNe pesI gayuM che. kharI svataMtratA vinA kharI unnatinI AzA rAkhavI vyartha che e vAta have yuropa amerikAnA vicArazIla lekhake ravIkAravA lAgyA che. arthAta Arthika parivartanane lIdhe ja thaelA sudhArA saMgIna rIte zreyaskaraja heya evo niyama nathI. vyaktivAdamAM svataMtratAne AbhAsa hoya che, paNa svataMtratA hotI nathI, tene dekhAva uparathI ramaNIya ane zuddha lAge che, paNa te ane svArthavAda ja che. tethI nItinA bhoge thatA sudhArA koI paNa rIte AdaraNIya nathI. aphasa che ke atyAre ApaNAmAM vyaktivAda bahu ghumI rahyA che, ane pitAnuM ja kAma kADhI levAmAM ghaNuM karIne ApaNe taiyAra rahIe chIe. A vyakitavAdanAM pariNAma bahu arAM AvyAM che. nAtamAM ghera ghera paTelIba thayA che, ane kahevAtA paTelIA pitAnA moja kAma karatA jAya che. ghera ghera paMktigata svataMtra ane vidyAgurUne vidyArthIo pitAne mATe rAkhela pagAradAra nokaraja gaNe pitAnA nokara jeja lekhe che. moTA nAnAno phera raheto nathI ane sI

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38 potAne DAhyA ane samaju mAne che. A citra kadAca atizayoktivALuM lAgaze, paNa bArIka avalokana karanArane tenI satyatA samajAyAvinA nahi rahe. unnatinA kramamAM vyaktivAdane paNa samAsa che; paNa tenAthI veLAsara cetI javuM joIe eTaluMja atra tAtparya che. nItinI bAbatamAM joIe chIe te ekaMdare vartaNukamAM sabhyatA vadhI che, paNa nikhAlasapaNuM ochuM thayuM che. spaSTa vaktatA ghaTI che ane saphAI vadhI che. nAnI nAnI bAbatomAM paNa mANasane mahe satya kahetAM ApaNe karIe chIe-AMcake khAIe chIe. tethI caznapazI ane DhAMkapIchoDo vadhyAM che, ane AcaraNamAM kRtrimatA AvI che. dareka bAbatamAM ApaNe zuM kAma kAMI kahevuM joIe' eja vAta AgaLa mUkAya che. lekI pite graMthamAM kahe che ke sudhAre vadhatAM moTA gunA upara aMkuza melAto jAya che, paNa nAnI nAnI aneka bAbatomAM daMbha ane kRtrimatA sitAM jAya che. aMgrejImAM jene sabhya ( Gentleman) kahe che tenuM anukaraNa karatAM A pariNAma AvyuM hoya ema lAge che. kadAca aneka rAjya parivartatene lIdhe sAcuM bolatAM aTakI javAnI ane te manamAM dabAvI devAnI Teva ApaNane paDI gaI haze. vaLI hAlanA samayamAM polisa korTamAM sAkSI pUravA jatAM bahu herAna thavuM paDe che tethI paNa mANaso AMkha ADA kAna karatAM thayAM haze, A vAta atyAre baMgALAnI sarakAra anubhavavA lAgI che, ane gunA pakaDavAmAM tenI sahAya mAgavAmAM te tadana vAjabI che. paNa nItinI keLavaNI ekadezI hoI zakatI nathI ane thaI zakatI paNa nathI e vAta paNa lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI che. ekaMdare AkhuM zarIra sArI rIte keLavAya teja pratyeka avayava sArI rIte pita pitAnuM kAma karI zake che evA kudaratI niyama che. tethI satya bolavAnI Teva ekaMdare badhI bAbatamAM keLavAvI joIe. vaLI adhurAmAM pUruM chAtIcale ke sAdhanamAM pahoMcato mANasa AbarUne dAve mAMDavAnI bIka dekhADe che. A saghaLAnuM ekaMdara pariNAma e AvyuM che ke naitika hiMmata ane jusse lepapAmatAM jAya che ane svArthI mANaso hiMmatavAna banI sajajanone vadhAre vadhAre cheDatA jAya che. sArvajanika abhiprAya majabuta hoya te Ama bane

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39 naha. ApaNuM cAritryane ucca ane unnata karavuM hoya te A bAbata dhyAnamAM levAnI bahu jarUra che. sudhArA karavA jyAM ISTa lAge che, tyAM paNa pehela karavAnI hiMmata nathI. kRtrima sudhAro kaI paNa rIte AdaraNaya nathI. samAjanA vicAre badalAI sudhAro thaze Avazyaka che evI prabaLa lAgaNI jyAM sudhI lokomAM ubhI thAya nahi tyAM sudhI sudhAre kharA svarUpe AgaLa vadhI zakato nathI. kevaLa bAhyAnukaraNathI phAyado nathI. eka nAnuM paNa nirdoSa daSTAMta laIe. ApaNI nizALamAM prathama savArane ane bapora pachI sAMjane TAIma hato. have te agIArathI pAMcano thayo che. A pheraphAra ApaNA jevA garama dezamAM lAbhadAyaka nathI. anya rUpe muMbaI yunivarasiTie paNa have A vAta svIkArI che. arthAta koI paNa sudhAro ke pheraphAra samAjanA hRdayamAMthIja ubho thavo joIe, ane e uddeze leka vicArane barAbara keLave joIe. navAnI himAyata karavA pahelAM jUnuM barAbara tapAsI temAM je pheraphAra kare ucita lAge te karavAmAM ja zreya che. dezanI sAmAjIka sthiti para najara nAkhIe chIe to aneka matamatAMtara ane dharmo pravartI rahyAM che. aneka nAta, peTAnAto ane temAM paNa jUdAM judAM taDa gAme gAma jovAmAM Ave che. ane tethI aneka aDacaNe ane musIbato khamavI paDe che. svArtha vRttine lIdhe kusaMpa ane IryA vadhatAM saMpa ane saddabhAva rahetAM nathI. upalaka upacAra thavA lAgyA che, paNa rogane mULamAMthI DAMbhavAnA upAya yojAtA nathI. joke, male, vImA kaMpanIo ItyAdi thavA lAgyAM che, paNa hajI vyavasthA ane cAriyamAM uccAzayatAnI jarUra che. hiMdustAnamAM ghaNI koma vase che, paNa temAM pArasI bhAIoe pAzcAtya sudhArAnuM vadhAremAM vadhAre anukaraNa karyuM che. temanA mULa vatana irAnane mAmale pharI jatAM e kAma IsavIsananA AThamA saikAmAM hiMdustAnamAM AvI prathama surata tarapha vasI. Ama videzIya saMjogomAM pitAne

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- 40 AgaLa paDavAnA guNa AvyA; ane paradezIonA rItarivAjanuM anukaraNa karavAnI temane Teva paDI. mULa saMkhyAmAM DA; vaLI dharmanI ekatA ane paradezIonI vacamAM rahevuM, eTale temanAmAM saMpa rahe. hiMdu samayamAM teo hiMdu AcAra vicAra mAna rAkhatA, ane hiMdu paheraveza paNa teo paheratA. surata tarapha koI pArasI gRhastha svAmInArAyaNano patha svIkAryAnuM paNa sAMbhaLyuM che. tAtparya ke samayane vata cAlavAmAM catura ane ugatA jamAnAnAM cihnane jhaDapI levAmAM kuzaLa pArasI kome yurepIana rItarivAjanuM ghaNuM anukaraNa karI lIdhuM che. pArasI bhAIo yuropIane pizAka paheravA lAgyA che, ane yuropIane sAthe khAvA pIvAmAM temane vAMdho nathI. pArasI bahene aMgrejI keLavaNI le che; , moTI umare paraNe che: haravA pharavAnI temane chUTa che, ane lAja, paDade ityAdi rivAja temanAmAM nathI. temanAmAM jJAtibaMdhana nathI, bALalagna nathI, ane punarvivAhanI chUTa che. paraMtu temanI rahevAnI rItabhAtathI temane kharaca vadhI gayo che, ane tethI lagnane prazna temanAmAM bahu carcAya che. vaLI temano saMsAra adarakhAne sAro ro nathI evA dhvani paNa ApaNe chApAmAM sAMbhaLIe chIe. matalaba ke pArasI bhAIoe pAzcAtya rIta rivAjanuM anukaraNa karavAne akhatare ApaNu samakSa karI joyo che ema samajI, te sudhAre keTale aMze ApaNe svIkAre che te paNa temanA dAkhalAthI ApaNe zIkhavAnuM che. pAzcAtya sudhArAnI virUddha ame bolIe chIe ema samajavAnI bhUla vAMcanAre karavI nahi; paNa samajIne, vicAra karIne ApaNe AgaLa vadhavuM che e vAta vismRta karavA jevI nathI. * chevaTe, nyAyI briTiza saltanatamAM ApaNuM udayanI AzAnAM kiraNe kSitijamAM dekhAvA lAgyAM che; ane samaya jatAM ApaNI AzAo phaLIbhUta thazeja. paraMtu te saphaLatAne yogya thavA ApaNuM cAritrya ApaNe avazya namunedAra banAvavuM joIe; ane tema karavAnuM ApaNuM kartavya che e vAta niraMtara lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che.

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yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa ItihAsanuM avalokana karatAM jaNAya che ke manuSyanuM AcaraNa jamAne jamAne badalAtuM AvyuM che. vedakALamAM yajJayAgAdi satyAya gaNAtAM hatAM. jainanA jamAnAmAM jIvadayAne dharma sarvoparI sattA bhogavato hato; ane vacanIpaNuM ItyAdi guNa sarvoparI saddaguNonuM sthAna bhogavatA hatA. Ama thavAnuM kAraNa zuM? e rUpAMtara thavAmAM kevA kevA saMjoge kAraNabhUta thatA gayA ? ane tenAM pariNAma kevAM kevAM AvatAM gayAM ? e vAta prajAonA itihAsamAMthI tAravI ApavAnuM kAma nItizAstranA itihAsakAranuM che. ane eja vAta yuropIya prajAnA ItihAsamAMthI ApaNe kheLavI che. paraMtu sAmAnya rIte nItinuM svarUpa ApaNe zAne AdhAre bAMdhavuM? e prazna AraMbhamAMja ubho thayo che. A prazna che ke adhika aMze tattvajJAna viSaya che, tathApi yuropIya prajAnI naitika unnatinA kramanI tapAsa durbhAgye A praznanuM nirAkaraNa karavuM saheluM nathI, kAraNa ke vigato paratve dArzanikamAM matabhinnatva ghaNuM che. vaLI "AMtara-pratyakSa" ane "upayogitAnA bhinna bhinna siddhAMtane laIne, cheka pleTa ane erisToTalanA kALathI nItinAM ' darzanemAM be mukhya vibhAga pracalita che. paraMtu A banne matonAM svarUpa

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2 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa. temanA bhinna bhinna anuyAyIoe arvAcIna samayamAMja spaSTa karelA che; che ane temanI dalIlIne lIdhe buddhine saMzayagrasta thavAne avakAza rahe che. eka bIjI brAMti paNa atra dUra karavI ucita che. "tamAro nItine siddhAMta mAnavAthI anItimAna pariNAma Ave che, ema je kaI dArzanikane kahevAmAM Ave che tethI pitAnI jAtanI virUddha e TIkA thAya che ema samajI te mANasa vakhate gusse thAya che. paraMtu ema gusse thavAnuM kAIne kAMI kAraNa nathI. nItipara thatA vAdavivAdanuM eka khAsa lakSaNa e che ke dareka AcArya potAnA pratipakSInI virUddha evI ja dalIla Ape che. prativAdInA siddhAMtamAMthI kartavyane vicAra ApaNAmAM janmI zakatA nathI athavA ApaNe kartavyaparAyaNa rahI zakatA nathI ema banAvI ApavA vAdIno prayAsa hoya che. ane tethI AvA prakAranI dalIla AMtaranItivAdI ane janahitavAdI ekabIjAnI sAme kare che. paraMtu teTalA uparathI te te nItivettAnA pitAnA cAritrya upara AkSepa AvI jAya che ema samajanAra, vyavahAramAM nItinA siddhAMta kevuM sthAna bhogave che e vAta barAbara samajavAmAM bhUla kare che. naitika siddhAMtemAMthI ApaNA naitika manebhAva upajI AvatA nathI, paraMtu siddhAMtanA sthApananI pUrve lAMbA vakhatathI temanA bhAva ApaNuM cAritryamAM sthApita thaelA hoya che. ane evI rIte sthApita thayA pachI ghaNuM karIne temanA vize ApaNe tatvajJAnanI draSTie vicAra karavA besIe chIe. tethI karIne manuSyanI vicAra paddhatimAM kivA mananamAM apUNatA hoya, chatAM tenA naitika vartanamAM apUrNatA na hoya e vAta bane tevI che. tethI keI nItivettAnA siddhAMtamAMtho tarkanI draSTie game tevAM pariNAma AvI zakatAM hoya; tathApi te pite anItimAna che ema tethI mAnI levAnuM ke vAstavika kAraNa nathI. upara kahelA siddhAMtone lekhake jUdA jUdAM nAma Ape che ane temanA aneka vibhAga pADe che. AMtaranItivAdane keTalAka preraNavAda kahe che ane janahitavAda bAhmanItivAdane eka vibhAga lekhAya che. AMtaranIti

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha ItihAsa. vAdIo ema mAne che ke ApaNuM manebhAvanI naitika sArAsAratAnuM bhAna ane temanA pratye ApaNuM kartavyanI samaja ApaNane aMtaramAM enI meLe pratyakSa thAya che. ApaNumAM eka evI svasiddha zakti rahelI che ke jene lIdhe zubhecchA, satya, dAMpatya dharma ItyAdi sarva guNe bIjA karatAM vadhAre uttama che ane A guNa ApaNe keLavavA joIe ane temanA virodhI guNone dabAvI devA joIe ema ApaNane enI meLe vidita thAya che; bAhya anubhavanuM te kAma nathI. arthAta teo ema kahe che ke manuSyanA svabhAvanI racanAja evI che ke nItinA vicAranI sAthe ja te vicArane AcaraNamAM mUkavAnuM baMdhana raheluM che; amuka jAtanuM vartana ApaNuM kartavya che ema jANavAmAM ja vyavahAramAM tevuM vartana karavAnuM kAraNa ApaNane buddhigamya ane pUratuM thAya che; ane tevA vartanamAMthI upajatA pariNAma upara draSTija rAkhavAnI nathI. ApaNuM kartavyanA mULa niyama ApaNane preraNAthI ja prApta thAya che. temanA pratipakSIo kahe che ke nItinA mULa niyamonuM Ama svAbhAvika pratyakSa ApaNane thatuM ja nathI. pApa puNyanuM jJAna, ApaNI manovRttio ane kAryonA mukAbalAnuM jJAna ApaNane svabhAvasiddha nathI, paraMtu je mAnuSI jIvana sukhamAM paryavasAna pAme che tenA nirIkSaNathIja te prApta che. arthAta je kAryothI mANasa jAtanuM sukha vadhe athavA duHkha ochuM thAya te sArAM; tethI virUddha je kAryonuM valaNa heya te naThArAM. tethI karIne moTAmAM moTI saMkhyAmAM vadhAremAM vadhAre sukha hastagata karavuM e uttama uddeza nItine hoya che ane je mANasa ema karavAmAM saphaLa thAya te mANasa saddaguNanuM svarUpa che ema samajavuM. A pAchalA siddhAMtIo pitAnA siddhAMtanuM maMDANa bAhya anubhava khazuM, have ahIM prazna Ama thAya che. kharI vAta che ke keTalAMka kAryo mANasa jAtane sukhakAraka che e anubhavathI jaNAya che. paraMtu teTalA mATe te kAryo karavAnuM ApaNuM kartavya che evuM naitika baMdhana kyAMthI AvI jAya che? je kAryo samAjane upayogI che ema anubhava jaNAve te sArAM-ema

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yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. je mANasa mAnato hoya te mANasa ema paNa je sAthe mAnati hoya ke svArtha ane parArthanA virodha samaye paNa, tenuM pitAnuM nahi paNa pArakAnuM sukha zodhavAnuM tenA upara naitika baMdhana che, te pachI te mANasa A anubhavajanya siddhAMtane anuyAyI rahetuM nathI. mArA sukhanI sAthe bIjAnuM sukha je vadhatuM hoya te temAM mane aDacaNa nathI. paNa mArA sukhanA bhoge bIjAnuM sukha mAre zA mATe zedhavuM ? ane chatAM te zodhavuMja ema je huM mAnate haiuM, te pachI AMtaravAdIonI peThe naitika baMdhananuM bhAna svabhAvasiddha che ema paNa huM mAnuM chuM e vAta no. upalA anubhavavAdIonI paNa kAMIka AvIja dazA thAya che. hIsana kahe che ke sarva saddaguNe zubhecchA kiMvA paropakAramAM aMtargata che; chatAM e popakAra vRttinI sarvottamatA ane naitika baMdhana naitika iMdiyathI ApaNane pratyakSa thAya che. hayuma kahe che ke kAryanI upayogitAthI saddaguNanuM pArakhuM thAya che, ane teTale aMze bezaka hayuma janahitavAdI che. paraMtu te ema paNa kahe che ke ApaNuM saddavartana parepakArI hoya che, ane saddaguNa ke durguNanuM ciMtana jyAre ApaNane thAya che tyAre eka khAsa prakAranI lAgaNI ke rasavRtti ApaNAmAM ubhI thAya che, ane tenI sAthe saMmati ke asaMmatinI svAbhAvika manovRtti upara ApaNA vartanane AdhAra hoya che ane A manovRtti yuktithI sAdhya nathI, paNa svabhAva--siddha che. kAryonuM ane manabhAvanuM telana temanA pariNAmathI karavAnuM che; ane jene lIdhe manuSya jAtanuM sukha vadhe te sAruM ane jethI te ochuM thAya te naThAruM-eTaluM kahevAthI janahitavAdanuM varNana savaze thaI jAya che ema dhAravuM bhUlabhareluM che. kAraNa ke tethI te nItiparatve ekaja pranane uttara ApaNane maLe che. paraMtu dareka nItivettAe be pra"nanA uttara ApavAnA che. kartavya eTale zuM ? ane te zA mATe ApaNuM kartavya thAya che? phalANuM phalANuM vartana ApaNe karavuM joIe ema kaI nItivettA A paNane kahe te ThIka che, paNa te karavAnuM baMdhana ApaNane kevA prakAranuM che? . AMtaravAdIo kahe che ke kharuM khoTuM jANavAnuM sAmarthya ApaNane

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AcaraNane svabhAvasiddha ItihAsa. svabhAva-siddha che. anubhavavAdIo kahe che ke te mAtra temane bhrama che. te jANavAnuM mAtra ekaja sAdhana che ane te sukha duHkhanuM pUrvajJAna che. amuka AcaraNa karavAnI ApaNI pharaja che tema kahevAmAM tAtparya mAtra eTaluM ja che ke je tema nahi karIe te ApaNane duHkha thaze. manuSyanA AcaraNanuM prayojana sukha ke duHkhAbhAvaja hoya che, bIjuM kazuM nahi. ApaNe sadaguNI zA mATe thavuM athAt bIjAnuM bhaluM karavAno prayAsa ApaNe zA mATe karavo? tenuM kAraNa mAtra eTaluM ja ke tethI ApaNane ekaMdare ghaNAmAM ghaNuM sukha thavAnuM che. kAmAM, anubhavavAdIone e mata che ke jethI manuSya jAtanuM NAma Ave te durguNa; ane anubhavathI saMskAra pAmele svArtha te ApaNA bhinna artha thAya che, tethI karIne te matanAM aneka rUpAMtara thaelAM che. emAMthI cheka halakI paMkitane mata meMDavilane che. tenA mata pramANe pitAnA manovikAra tRpta karavA mAMDe, te rAjakartAone amala calAve muzkela thaI paDe. tethI vikArone dabAvI pitAnI komanuM bhaluM karavA mANasoe pravRtta thavuM joIe evo upadeza teo karavA lAgyA ane potAne udeza pAra pADavA lekanI mithyAbhimAnanI lAgaNIne teo uttejavA lAgyA. manuSyo kAMI janAvara nathI ke potAnA vikAranI tRpti mATe mAMhomAMhe kapAI mare, mahAna nara te teja ke je pitAnI komane mATe potAnI jAta arpaNa karI de. kAyadA, khitAba ane mAna ane akarAmanI navAjeza karIne, meTAM moTAM niraMtara vakhANa karIne, ane nirUpayogI mojazokhamAM je mANase lAgyuM rahe temanI ati niMdA karIne, chevaTe manuSyanA mithyAbhimAnane evuM te pradIpta emaNe karI mUkayuM ke tethI lokomAM evA sadAcaraNane mATe spardhA thavA lAgI vaLI vikArone dabAvatAM ghaNI jAtanAM duHkhada pariNAma ApaNAthI dUra rahe che ema jyAre mANasane mAlama paDatuM gayuM tyAre saddavartana rAkhavAnuM e paNa eka navuM kAraNa maLyuM. vaLI dareka mANasane ema paNa "

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yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. paNa lAgatuM gayuM ke bIjAnA Atma-bhogathI pitAne te lAbha ja thAya che; teja hoya che. Ama Atma-begamAM saune sarvottamatA samajAvA lAgI. ane pariNAme jethI samAjane nukasAna thAya tene durguNa kahI sau niMdavA lAgyA ane jethI samAjane lAbha thAya tene saddaguNa kahI tenI sai prazaMsA karavA lAgyAM. paraMtu A mata tarapha lokonuM have vAjabI durlakSa che. * paraMtu sAMkaDA vicAranA keTalAka janahita vAdIe haibajhanA anuyAyI o che. teo kahe che ke mANasanI pravRtti mAtra svArthathI ja thAya che. mAtra maLe te puNya ane na maLe te pApa. saddaguNane saddaguNanI khAtara koI icchatuM nathI; ema banavuM ja azakaya che. paramezvarane ApaNe kalyANakArI kahIe chIe tenuM kAraNa eTaluM ja ke ApaNuM kalyANa te kare che. koI ApaNuM sAruM ke narasuM bane banI karI zake ema che chatAM ApaNuM bhaluMja te karaze ema jyAre ApaNane khAtrI thAya che tyAre tenA tarapha ApaNane pUjya buddhi thAya che. bhakti karavAthI sukha ane mA maLaze, nahi te duHkha thaze ema mAnI mANase prabhunI bhakita kare che. nItine dareka mane bhAva ApaNuM svArtha buddhinuM kaIne kaI aMze rUpAMtara mAtra hoya che. bIjA ApaNane moTA gaNI mAna Ape, vakhata Avye teo paNa ApaNA upara udAratA batAve, ane bIjAnI IcchAo ApaNe paNa tRpta karI zakIe evI ApaNAmAM zakti che evo ApaNane tethI saMtoSa kahe, mATe ApaNe udAratA karIe chIe. dayA paNa ApaNe ApaNA uparaja batAvIe chIe, anya upara nahi. bIjAnuM duHkha joI tevuM duHkha ApaNane pitAne kadi paDe tenI tIvra kalpanA thavAthI bIjA pratye ApaNe dayAnI lAgaNI batAvIe chIe. ApaNuM upara du:kha paDavuM na joIe ema gaNI jenA upara duHkha paDavuM lAjama nathI tenA pratyeja ApaNe ghaNuM karIne dayA batAvIe chIe. mitratA paNa vArthavRttine piSavAja zodhAya che. jenI ApaNane jarUra hoya tene ja mitra karavA ApaNe mathIe chIe.

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. paraMtu janasvabhAvanI A gaNanA manuSyane jaMgalI dazAmAM mUke che ane tethI nItinuM nAma ja rahetuM nathI, kAraNake A siddhAMta pramANe sarva AcaraNa eka TinAM thaI jAya che. vaLI je A siddhAMta pramANe sai vartavA mAMDe te mANase mAhe mAMhe vaDhI mare ane koIne svArtha saravAno prasaMgaja rahe nahi. paNa subhAge e ApaNa vAstavika sthiti nathI. anu. bhava ApaNane ema zIkhave che ke bIjAnI sahAya vinA ane samAjanI koIka vyavasthA vinA ApaNI ghaNI kharI IcchAo pAra pADI zakatI nathI. tethI ApaNuM kudaratI havasanuM kAMIka niyamana karavAnI AvazyakatA rahe che. A niyamane mATe kAyadA racAya che ane pAritoSika ane daMDathI temanuM samarthana thAya che, ane Ama samAjanA zreyamAM vyakitanuM zreya gaNavA lAge che. tethI ja haibsa kahe che ke niraMkuza rAjya-zAsana paddhatimAM sarvottama zreya che; rAjAnI AjJA sarvoparI che ane te AjJAonuM pAlana eja nIti. vaLI tethIja karIne A matanA anya anuyAyIo rAjya sthApana kaLAne nIti-zAstranuM mukhya aMga gaNe che; kAraNake temanA mata pramANe ApaNuM saghaLuM vartana svArthathIja thAya che. samAjanA lAbhanI sAthe ApaNA lAbhanI ekatA te raddaguNa; ane A ekatAno viveka kAyadAthI sAdhya hovAthI, kAyadA bAMdhakAra ane nItivettAnI pharaje lagabhaga sarakhI heya che. paraMtu A rAjyasattA uparAMta leka-abhiprAyanuM eka bIjuM baLa paNa teo svIkAre che. saguNathI ApaNane khyAti ane mitratA maLe che; durguNathI niMdA ane duzmanAvaTa prApta thAya che. kAyadAthI maLatI keLavaNIne lIdhe ane samAjanAM bhinna bhinna aMga bhUtanAM hita eka bIjA nI sAthe otaprota thaelAM hoya che evA vadhatA jatA anubhavane lIdhe, eka jAtane evo lekamata ubho thato jAya che ke jene anukULa rahI mANase zAMta ane milanasAra rahetAM zIkhe che, ane sukhacenamAM potAnAM jIva gALe che. AvI rIte nyAya, upakAravRtti, vinaya, niSpakSapAtatA, vizuddha ane pAtigatyanA guNa astitvamAM AvatA jAya che. A guNothI ( je samAjane sukha thatuM na hoya te temane durguNa kahevA joIe, ane jema

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, jema sudhAro AgaLa vadhato jAya che tema tema A lokamata vadhAre vadhAre daDha thato jAya che, mANasanA cAritrya baMdhAtAM jAya che ane tethI leke vadhAre vadhAre niHsvArthI thatA jAya che. tyAre prauDhanItivALo ane niHsvArthI keNa e prazna thatAM A matavALAo javAba Ape che ke te mANasa pitAnuM ja sukha zodhavAmAM kevaLa mazagula rahe che, paNa te sukha e evI rIte zedhe che ke tenI pitAnI tRptinI sAthe bIjAne paNa tethI sukha maLe che. prAcIna kALathI leke kahetAM AvyA che ke je mANasa dIrdha draSTithI vicAra karIne pitAnuM sukha zodhe che tenuM jIvana yathArtha nItimAna ja hoya che teone A mata ghaNo AdaraNIya thAya che ane dareka mANasa svabhAvathI ja potAnuM sukha zodhavAmAM tatpara hoya che e temane mata hovAthI, durgaNa e ajJAnanuM pariNAma che e pleTanA siddhAMta upara Ama anya rIte ApaNe AvIe chIe. saddaguNa e sukhanI prApti mATe vicAravaMta udyama che, duguNa avicArI udyama che. saddaguNa to vyavahAra-nipuNatAnI zAkhA mAtra che. sukhaduHkhanI gaNatrI karatAM na AvaDe te durguNa. jene samAjajanI nIti sudhAravAne udyama AraMbha hoya tene be ja rastA khullA che. darekane svArtha bIjAnA svArthanI sAthe vadhArene vadhAre joDAela kema rahe tenA upAya eNe yojavA; ane je ajJAnatAne lIdhe mANasa pitAne khare svArtha samajI zakato nathI te ajJAnatA dUra karAvavI. arthAta nItinuM zAstra mAtra gaNitano ja viSaya che. je pativratya ke satyathI sukha karatAM duHkha vadhAre thatuM hoya athavA meTA sukhanA bhoge nAnuM sukha maLatuM hoya te tevA AcaraNamAM pApa che, murkhAI che. je guNene saddaguNa gaNavAmAM Ave che temane AcaraNamAM mUkavAthI ApaNane lAbha thato na hoya te te pramANe vartavAnuM ApaNane koI baMdhana nathI. arthAta AkhuM nItizAstra A cAra niyamamAM samAI jAya che: (1) je sukhamAM kAMI du:kha na hoya te

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa: bheTI levuM; (2) je duHkhamAM kAMI sukha na hoya te tajI devuM; (3) je je sukha meLavatAM tenA karatAM paNa moTuM sukha aTakI jatuM hoya athavA tethI sukha karatAM du:kha vizeSa thatuM hoya to te sukha tajI devuM; (4) je duHkhathI moTuM duHkha aTakI jatuM hoya athavA meTuM sukha maLe tema hoya te. te duHkha bhogavI levuM atyAra sudhI aihika sukha duHkhanI vAta thaI. paNa te matanA keTalAka anuyAyIo pAralaukika sukha duHkhane paNa naitika AcaraNamAM kAraNabhUta gaNe che. je mANasa svabhAvathI ja svArthI hoya to pachI teo niHsvArthI kema thaI zake ? e muzkelI A matamAM mukhya che. pAralaukika sukha duHkhano vicAra vacamAM lAvavAthIja A muzkelI TaLI zake che ema keTalAka kahe che. eNhika sukho upara ApaNA pUrepUro amala cAlatuM nathI; paNa sarvajJa nyAya-kartA eka evo che ke je ApaNe sarva kAryane badale paralokamAM paNa jarUra Apaze ja--e vicArathI bezaka mANasane sadAcAramAM pravRtta rahevAnuM mana vadhAre thAya che. tethI A matavALAo kahe che ke je koI mANasane yogya lAbhanI AzA na hoya te teNe pitAnA sukhane vAmAM aDacaNa nathI, kAraNa ke tene badale anya duniyAmAM tethI vizeSa sukha maLavAnuM che. svarganI prApti ane narakamAMthI mukti-e banne mATe ja ApaNuM AcaraNa mAtranI pravRtti thAya che. ane mRtyu pachI paNa pahoMce evI svArthanI gaNatrI karavI teja saddaguNa; ane A gaNatrI sivAya anya thaIe chIe evI vidharmIonI mAnyatA kevaLa bhramajanaka che. kevaLa naphATAnI dRSTithI joIe te A mata virUddha be AkSepa mUkI zakAya che. svarga-prAptine mATe saddaguNanA keTalA saMcayanI jarUra che e A matamAM cokkasa TharAveluM na hovAthI pariNAma e Ave ke keTalAka dukha A duniyAmAM nirbhayatAthI AcarI zakAya. Ane javAba teo ema Aje

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10 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. che ke AvI anizcitatAne lIdhe ja jema bane tema dharma-bhAvanAmAM mANase utsAhI rahevuM e DahApaNanuM kAma che ane vaLI dareka jAtanA saddaguNa ke durguNane mATe prabhunA darabAramAM kramavAra keThe ghaNuM karIne taiyAra che. bIje AkSepa e che ke A duniyAnA sukho e kasa che eTalI vAta te siddha che; paNa pAralaukika sukhanI evI khAtrI kayAM che? e sukho ApaNane maLaze ke kema tenI kone khabara che? AnA javAbamAM teo kahe che ke pAralaukika sukha dukha evAM gaMbhIra prakAranAM ane moTAM che ke temanI saMbhavitatA ke zayatAnI khAtara paNa DAhyA mANase te meLavavA ke dUra karavA prayAsa kare joIe. janahitavAdanA vizALa pravAhane kAMIka tajI daine keTalAka vaLI ema kahe che ke janahitatA e nItinA kAyadAno pAyo nathI, paNa prabhunI IcchA athavA pitAnI marajImAM Ave evuM eNe ApeluM pharamAna eja nItine kAyado. chatAM A matavALAno moTo bhAga te janahitavAdI ja rahe che; kAraNa ke ApaNe emane pUchIe ke IzvaranI IcchA ApaNe zI rIte jANavI? to teo kahe che ke sAkSAta Izvara AvIne te pitAnI IcchA ApaNane pragaTa karatuM nathI, paraMtu upayogitAnA kAyadAthI e icchAnuM zodhana thaI zake che. kudaratanA nirIkSaNathI sAbIta thAya che ke IzvaranI i kalyANakArI che ane manuSyanuM kalyANa ja Izvara Icche che. eTalA mATe je vartanathI e udeza saphaLa thatuM hoya te vartana IzvaranI IcchAne anukULa samajI levuM. keTalIka AjJAo dharma-pustakamAM ApelI ja hoya che. ane na ApI hoya tyAM janahitatAne niyama lagADI che. have te icchA Ama jANI zakAya che ema ApaNe kabula karIe to paNa hajI prazna thAya che ke e IcchAne tAbe ApaNe zA mATe thavuM ? A praznanA be javAba cheH prathama te, Izvarane upakAra ApaNuM upara atyaMta che, mATe svAbhAvika rIte ja tenI IcchA pramANe ApaNe vartavuM ja joIe. paNa A javAba AMtaravAdIone che. bIje javAba e ke sRSTi-kartAnI pAse asaMkhya dAna ane daMDa taiyAra che. A javAba A matavALA sAmAnya rIte svIkAre che.

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa. sArAMza ke temanA mate, nItine viSaya manuSyanuM kalyANa che, IzvaranI IcchA tene kAyado che, ane satata sukha tenuM prayojana ane uddeza che. A pramANe ApaNe svabhAvanA utkRSTa ane halakA vibhAganA bhedanuM bhAna thavA mATe ApaNumAM eka evI kudaratI svabhAva-siddha zakti rahelI che ke jene lIdhe ApaNuM kartavyanA kAyadAnuM bhAna athavA ApaNuM vartana kevA prakAranuM thavuM joIe tenuM prakAzana ApeApa ApaNane thaI jAya che e vAtanI A anubhavavAdIo cokhkhI phula jevI nA kahe che. sukhanI IcchA ke sadAcAramAM ke manobhAvamAM je kAMI prazaMsanIya tattva raheluM hoya te te mANasa jAtanuM sukha vadhAravAnuM temAM raheluM valaNa mAtra che; ane kartAe mAneluM ke vAstavika sukha ja mAtra tenA sadAcAranuM prayojana che. ane A prayojana siddha karavA je sAdhananI apekSA che te upa jAdI jAtanAM ane judAM judAM vajanavALAM teo mAne che. pele dharma upara bhAra mUkI kahe che ke sadAcAranuM prayojana mAtra eja che, je ke anya sthaLe e bIjA sAdhanone paNa svIkAra kare che. devI dAna ane deDa, kAyadAnI sajA ane sAmAjIka zikSA-e sAdhane leAka svIkAre che. zArIrika rAjakIya, naitika athavA sAmAjIka, ane dhArmika evA vibhAga enA benjAma pADe che. tyAM durAcArathI zarIranI je durdazA thAya te zArIrika, maMtrIonA kAyadAthI je zikSA thAya te rAjakIya, sAmAjIka vyavahAramAMthI upajanAM sukha duHkha te naitika; ane pAralaukika dAna ane daMDa te dhArmika.. janahitavAdIo kahe che ke manuSyanuM jIvana svArthathI zarU thaI nisvArthamAM pariName che. paNa teo kahe che tema je manuSya janmathIja svAtha hoya te AgaLa jatAM te niHsvArthI kema thaI zake che e bAbatane khuvAso temaNe karavo joIe. arthAta manuSyanA svabhAvamAM niHsvArthanuM tatva mULa ja na hoya te te AvI jAya che jyAMthI teo kahe che ke svArthane vRttione svIkAra ane vicAra-sAhacaryane siddhAMta. 34

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12 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. jana-svabhAvanI racanAja evI che ke bIjAnA AnaMdamAM svAbhAvika rIte ja ApaNe AnaMda mAnIe chIe e vAta to sAmAnya mANasane paNa samajAI jAya evI spaSTa che. chatAM e vAtanI haste sApha nA kahI che; ane heveziyasanI zALAnA lekhake ema paNa sAbIta karavA mathyA che ke saghaLI kauTuMbika ane milanasAra lAgaNIo, je mANasanA upara ApaNI cAhanA hoya che te priyajana ApaNane Avazyaka hovAthIja ApaNe batAvIe chIe. sahRdayatAnAM sukha duHkha vAstavika che evo svIkAra benjAme karyo che, paraMtu pitAnA siddhAMtane anusarI, pitAnA lekhamAM e svIkArane eNe AgaLa paDavA dIdho nathI; ane sadAcAranA sAdhanonI noMdha mAM e svIkArane sthAna eNe ApyuM nathI. tathApi, e matanA pAchalA anuyAyIo evA svIkAranI tarapheNamAM che, jo ke temanI utpatti kevI rIte thAya che te bAbata temanAmAM matabheda che. keTalAka kahe che ke vicArasAhacaryanA baLe svArthamAMthI ja pApakAranI lAgaNIo janme che. bIjAne enA mata pramANe te lAgaNIo ApaNuM svabhAvanA asala aMza che. temanI utpattine prakAra game te hoya, paNa temanA astitvane svIkAra teo Ama kare che; ane kahe che ke te lAgaNIone keLavavI e nItine mukhya uddeza che, ane temanA upayogathI je AnaMda prApta thAya che te AnaMda sadAcAranI pravRttinuM eka mukhya kAraNa che. AMtaravAdIo paNa emaja kahe che, chatAM bannenA matamAM bheda che ane te be prakAra che. bane kabula kare che ke paropakAra ane dveSa banne vRttionuM astitva janasvabhAvamAM che ane temane bhinna oLakhAvatI kudaratI zakti ApaNAmAM rahelI che; paraMtu AMtaravAdIo kahe che ke A banane vRttie sanmukha thatAM temAMthI eka sArI ane bIjI naThArI evuM sahajajJAna ApaNane thAya che, paNa janahitavAdI e vAtanI nA pADe che. bIjo bheda e che ke paropakAranAM kAryo karavAthI ApaNane AnaMdanI prApti thAya che e vAta banene mAnya che; paNa janahitavAdIo kahe che ke e AnaMdane mATeja paropakAramAM ApaNI pravRtti thAya che. paNa ghaNA kharA ataravAdIo kahe che ke

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa, 13 e AnaMda ApaNane anAyAse ja prApta thAya che, arthAta ApaNI pravRtinuM projana e AnaMda nathI. paraMtu janahitavAdInA siddhAMtamAM vicAra-sAhacaryane niyama ghaNuM agatyanuM sthAna bhogave che. vastuone prathama ApaNe IcchIe chIe tenuM kAraNa ke tethI ApaNane sukha maLe che. paNa vastu ane tethI maLatuM sukha ApaNuM anubhavamAM evAM saMkalita thaI jAya che ke eka vicAra AvatAM bIjAno vicAra AvyA vinA raheto nathI. tethI sukhane vicAra dhyAnamAMthI khasI jatAM vastunI khAtara ja vastune pachI ApaNe cAhIe chIe. e ja pramANe saguNane paNa saddaguNanI khAtara ApaNe cAhIe chIe. paraMtu vicAra-sAhacaryanA A niyamane spaSTa ane vistRta svarUpamAM mUkanAra hArTalI che. enI daSTi te mAtra mAna-zAstra uparaja hatI. paNa jyArathI janahitavAdIoe nItizAstramAM e niyamane upayoga karavA mAMDyo che, tyArathI ja tenuM mAhAsya ghaNuM vadhI gayuM che. A niyamanI satyatA viSe game te vicAra ApaNe bAMdhIe, paNa je leke ema kahe che ke svabhAvathI ja manuSyanuM kevaLa svArthI jIvana vicAra-sAhacaryanA baLeja chevaTe atyaMta bIna-svArthI thaI zake che, te lokonA buddhibaLanI te kAMIka tArIpha ApaNe karavI paDe che. kevaLa svArtha-vRttimAMthI kevaLa paropakAra vRtti kema janme che e vAta teo lebha-vRttinA daSTAMtathI samaje che. paise jAte sukha ApI zakatA nathI. tema te khudamAM kAMI prazaMsanIya tattva nathI. bhUkha lAge te paise khavAta nathI. athavA rUpIonI hAra karI temAM besI dilhI javAtuM nathI, paraMtu ApaNI ghaNI kharI Icchita vastuo meLavavAnuM te sAdhana mAtra che. tethI ApaNuM manamAM sukhanA vicAranI sAthe te saMlagna thAya che. tethI ApaNe tene IcchIe chIe. have paisAthI vastuo kharIda thaI zake che e vAta manamAMthI aLagI thatAM paisAnI khAtara ke paisAne cAhe te te vAta bane tevI che. ane kaMjusanI kahANI paNa bIjI zI hoya che! duHkha veThIne paNa te paiso ja bhegA kare che.

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14 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. AMtaravAdIo kahe che ke mANasemAM maraNottara kIrtine lebha hoya che; tethI ema siddha thAya che ke manuSyanA svabhAvamAM niHsvArthanuM tatva mULathIja raheluM che. janahitavAdIo kahe che ke e vAta khetI che. manuvyanuM AcaraNa mULe te svArthanI zodhamAM ja phare che, paNa pachI vicArasAhacaryanA baLe te niHsvArtha rUpe pratIta thAya che. prazaMsA stuti karanArane prema sUcave che ane bIjAnA premanuM ApaNane lakSya banAve che. paNa pachI te sAdhana maTI uza banI jAya che, ane tenuM gheluM pachI mANasane evuM te lAgI jAya che ke je prazaMsA pite kAne sAMbhaLavA rahevAne paNa nathI evI muA pachInI kIrti meLavavA duHkha veThIne paNa te prayAsa kare che. prazasAthI keTalAka lAbha ApaNane thAya che tethI ApaNe tene prathama IcchIe chIe. paNa pachI lAbhanI vAta aLagI rahI jAya che ane prazaMsAne zodhatA pharIe chIe. eja nyAye prazaMsAne choDIne je vastuothI svAbhAvika rIte athavA ghaNuM karIne prazaMsA prApta thatI hoya te vastuo uparaja ApaNuM mana eTayuM rahe che. Ama ApaNA saghaLA naitika manebhAva A kimiyA jevI kRtine ja upakRta che. svabhAvathI mANasamAM parepakAra vRtti hotI ja nathI. prathama te enA AcaraNanuM niyamana kevaLa svArthathIja che. paraMtu bALaka avasthAmAM mAtRbhAva sAthe pitAnuM sukha joDAeluM che ema e zIkhe che. jarIka meTa thatAM kuTuMbanI sAthe te saMyukta thaeluM ene samajAya che, ane umare pahoMcatAM pitAnI jJAti, dharma, deza, ane chevaTe AkhI Adama jAtanI joDe te joDAeluM che ema ene samajAya che. Ama niHsvArtha prema chevaTe racAya che. bIjAne duHkhI joI pitAnAja duHkhanI duHkhada smRti bALakamAM jAgrata thAya che, ane bALakanI kalpanA zaktine uzkerI A smRtine mAbApa daDha rAkhatAM jAya che. vaLI nizALamAM paNa ekanAM sukha duHkha kaIne kaI rIte sarva sAthe joDAyelAM lAge che. ane Ama bIjAonAM duHkha sAthe ApaNuM pitAnA duHkhane vicAra joDAI jAya che ane ApaNAmAM dayAnI lAgaNI utpanna thAya che, zubhecchA ane nyAya mANase Acare che te eTalA mATe ke

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. bIjAo paNa temanA pratye tevI zubhecchA ane nyAya Acare, temanA pratye pUjyabhAvathI jue, ane bhaviSyamAM temane badale temane maLe evI AzAthI. paraMtu vicAra-sAhacaryanA baLe, zubhecchA ane nyAya je prathama sAdhanaja hoya che te pAchaLathI AcaraNanA mukhya uddeza thaI paDe che. ane tethI virUddha vicA-sAhacaryanA baLe duSTa IcchA ane anyAya pratye virUddha lAgaNIo ubhI thAya che. Ama saddaguNa aMte ApaNu vRttione viSaya bane che. bIjA koI paNa mULa karatAM, jene ApaNe saddaguNI kAryo kahIe chIe temAMthI, ApaNI moja ane AnaMdane moTe bhAge ApaNane prApta thAya che. bIjAnA saddaguNathI ApaNane asaMkhya lAbha maLe che. ApaNe pitAne saddaguNa ApaNA pratye bIjAne pUjyabhAva upajAve che, ane tethI ApaNane lAbha thAya che. tethI saddaguNanI saghaLe prazaMsA thAya che ane daNanI niMdA thAya che. dharma paNa bodha kare che ke anahad sukhanI AzA saddaguNa sAthe saMkalita che ane anaMta duHkhanI bIka durguNamAM rahelI che. eTalA mATe sukhada vastuonA vicAra sAthe saddaguNa khAsa karIne saMkalita thaI jAya che. paraMtu vicAra-sAhacaryanA baLe mANaso sadAcArane svataMtra rIte cAhavA lAge che eTaluM ja nahi paNa sadAcAra pALatAM pachI ApaNane AnaMdane ubharo Ave che ane durAcAra karatAM tIvra vedanA thAya che, AnuM nAma ApaNI mane devatA. A manadevatA ApaNA jIvanano mukhya siddhAMta thAya che, ane A manodevatAne nApharamAna thavA karatAM A duniyAnI saghaLI cIjone bhoga Apa bahetara che ema ApaNe zIkhelA hovAthI, sadAcAranA ati ucca zikhare ApaNe pahoMcIe chIe. paNa e badho pratApa vicAra-sAhacaryane che. A buddhizALI mata tarapha ghaNuM lekanAM mana AkarSAyAM che; kAraNa ke anubhavavAdIone siddhAMta samajatAM je je muzkelIo Ave che temAMthI keTalIkanuM nirAkaraNa A matathI bezaka thAya che. daSTAMta tarIke, AMtaravAdIo kahe che ke saddaguNa tarapha ApaNe saheje AkarSAIe chIe ane duguNa pratye ApaNane sahaja aNagame hoya che, tethI koI vAta sArI che

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yupIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa. yA naThArIe naitika nirNaya ApaNane tAtkAlika ane pratyakSa-siddha che. ane tethI karIne temAM paMDe peTe karelI svArthanI gaNatrIne gaMdha paNa heta nathI. chatAM paNa janahitavAdIo kahe che ke ApaNA saghaLA naitika nirNayo mude svArthanIja gaNatrI hoya che. AnA javAbamAM vicAra-sAhacaryavAdIo kahe che ke vicAra-sAhacaryanA baLe eka prakAranI evI vRtti ApaNAmAM upajI Ave che ke pachI eja ApaNe evA nirNayamAM kAraNabhUta thAya che. Ama manodevatA ApaNA svabhAvamAM eka vAstavika ane agatyanuM tatva bane che. tethI saddaguNathI upajatA dUrastha pariNAmenI darakAra rAkhyA vinA sukhanA eka prakAra tarIke saddaguNane saddaguNanI khAtara mANasa cAhe te te zakya vAta che. vaLI keLavaNI upara A mata eTaluM badhuM vajana mUke che ke tethI paNa vyavahAramAM agatyanuM sthAna ene prApta thAya che. sukhakAraka vastuo pratye ApaNI vRtti avazya kheMcAya che. eTalA mATe vicAra-sAhacaryanA niyamane jema bane tema vehele amalamAM mUkI manuSyone evI rIte keLavI devAM ke tethI sadAcAra pratye teo AkarSAyalAM rahe ane durAcAra prati temane tiraskAra upaje. sadAcAranI sAthe prazaMsA ane sukha joDAelAM che evuM samajavAnI je nAnapaNathI ja Teva ApaNane paDe, te ApaNI pravRtti sadAcAramAM sahelAIthI thaze ane durAcAranI sAthe joDatAM je zIkhazuM, te durAcArI thaIzuM. tethI keLavaNI kiMvA mahAvarAthI je svabhAva ApaNe pADazuM te paDazejo ke A svabhAva keLavaNInuM pariNAma hovAthI kevaLa kRtrima ane vicAra-sAhacaryanA baLeja upajele hoya che. chatAM A siddhAMta mAtra ApAtaramayaja che, kAraNa ke vAstavika rIte te svArthaneja siddhAMta che. saddaguNanI khAtara saghaLI vyAvahArika vastu ene bhoga Apane sadAcArI mANasa A mata pramANe mAtra potAnA mane mAnelI moTAmAM moTI meja meLavavAne ja utsuka hoya che. keIpaNa rIte paisAne upabhegA karavA karatAM mAtra paisA bhegA karavAmAM jema kaMjusa vadhAre AnaMda mAne che tema A matano sadAcArI mANasa game te bhoga

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. 17 ApIne paNa pitAnA mAnasika vilAsamAMja meja mAne che. siddhAMtanI AvI dazA aTakAvavA teo kahe che ke mejanI khAtara jema mANasa aphINa levuM zarU kare che, paNa Teva paDayA pachI duHkha thavA chatAM te choDatuM nathI, tema sadAcAranI Teva paDayA pachI sadAcAra paNa choDatA nathI. paraMtu A dalIla paNa vAstavika nathI kAraNa ke mejanI khAtara zarU karelA dura cAranI Teva moja na maLe tyAre paNa mANasathI cheDAtI nathI tenuM kAraNa ema che ke tema karatAM azAMti ane becenIne lIdhe mananI tIvra vedanA ene thAya che ane A vedanA aTakAvavA pitAnI burI Teva e jArI rAkhe che. tethI duHkhane dUra karavAnA upAya tarIke athavA banI zake teTaluM vadhAre sukha meLavavAnI khAtara jenuM saghaLuM vartana thAya te mANasa mu svArthI ke ApamatalabI che ema kahevAmAM bhASAne durUpayoga thAya che ema kahI zakAya nahi. ane ATalI vAta sAcI hoya te bAhyanItivAdanI badhI zAkhAo svArthAvalaMbI che ema kahevAmAM asatyane uccAra thato nathI. chatAM hajha, maeNDavila tathA pelenA mojavAdamAM ane janahitavAdanA saMskRta sukhavAdamAM phera che e vAta paNa ApaNe svIkAravI ghaTe che. vaLI, sadAcAra AcaranAM eka prakArano saMtoSa AnaMda ApaNane thAya che ema jyAre AMtaravAdIo kahe che tyAre temanI bhASA ane A sukhavAdIonI bhASAmAM ja kera jaNAya che. saghaLAM zreSTha AcaraNane aMtarbhAva halakA ane svAthI ta:mAM banAvIne pitAnA siddhAMtanI sapATIe janasvabhAvane utArI pADavAne mukhya Azaya mojavAdIone hato. sukha ane svArthanA baMdhanamAM evI utkRSTatA mUkavI ke temAM sarvottama sadAcArane samAveza thaI jAya e Azaya pAchaLathI thaelA keTalAka sukhavAdIone hate. joke ApaNI manodevatA mULe svArthamAMthIja vicAra-sAhacaryanA baLe upajI Ave che, chatAM te devatA jana-svabhAvanuM kharuM tava che ane ApaNuM jIvanamAM te mArgadarzaka thavI joIe e vAta hoTalInA anuyAyIo svIkAre che. sahadaya vRttionI satyatA paNa teo evIja rIte svIkAre che. kharekhara niHsvArtha vartananI zakayatA temane matane anusAra teo svIkArI zake nahi e vAta

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yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa Atma-bhaga ApIne mANasa potAnuM sarvottama sukha meLave e vAta bane tevI che; ane sadAcAra ane sukhanuM sAhacarya tyAre ja saMpUrNa thayuM kahevAya ane durAcAranA phaLamAMthI upajatA AnaMda karatAM vadhAre duHkha te AcaravAmAM jene lAgatuM nathI te mANasanI nIti kaI paNa rIte vAstavika gaNAya nahi. A pramANe siddhAMtamAM je ke A mata tene teja rahe che, chatAM pAchaLanA anuyAyIo tenuM tAtparya eka badalAvI nAkhe che. A pramANe anubhavavAdIonA matamatAMtara ApaNe jANyA. have te te mata svIkAratAM zI zI aDacaNa Ave che te ApaNe joIzuM. pachI AMtaravAdIone mata ApaNe zA mATe svIkAre te kahezuM. paraMtu ApaNI naitika bhAvanAo svabhAvasiddha hovAthI jeke anubhavajanya nathI hatI, te paNa anubhavathI temanuM prakaTIkaraNa thaI daDha thAya che. tethI A prakaTIkaraNa kevI rIte thAya che tene vicAra calAvI A prakaraNa ApaNe samApta karIzuM, ke jethI karIne rAjakIya ke dhArmika saMsthAonI asara ApaNI naitika unnati upara kevI thaI che te jovAnI taka ApaNane maLe. manuSya jAtanI lAgaNIo ane bhASAmAM satya samAeluM che; tethI artha sahita temano muddo sAcave e nItinA dareka siddhAMtane mATe Avazyaka che. A nyAye tapAsatAM janahitavAda bilakula TakI zakato nathI. kharuM kahIe te janahitavAdanA jevo dUSita bIjA koI matane leke gaNatA nathI. svArtha ane upayogitA e saddaguNathI taddana nirALI vastuo che ema dareka jamAnAmAM lokoe jANyuM che, ane dareka bhASAmAM A vilakSaNatAne svIkAra che. pratiSThA, nyAya, pramANikatA ityAdi saddaguNane artha kAryadakSatA, caturAI, ke svArthanA arthathI kevaLa jUdeja thAya che e badhA samaje che. svArthamAM paNa paropakAra thaI zake che e vAta kharI, tathApi te bane vAte bhinna bhinna che eTaluM ja nahi paNa te vireAdhI che e

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AcaraNano svabhAva-siddha ItihAsa. samajavuM jarIe kaThina nathI. phalANe mANasa AbarUnA uMcA vicAra pitAnuM jIvana gALe che ema jyAre ApaNe kahIe chIe, tyAre pitAne athavA samAjano svArtha zodhavAmAM ja e tatpara hoya che ema kahevAne ApaNe Azaya hete nathI. sArvajanika abhiprAya e che ke sadaguNazALI vartanamAM Atma-bhoganuM tattva avazya hoya che ane badalAmAM kaIpaNa jAtanA AnaMdanI AzA vinA jemAMthI ochAmAM ocho svArtha sare tevA mArganuM jANI joIne grahaNa karavAmAM Atma-bhaga samAele che. chatAM nItine A siddhAMta kahe che ke samaju mANasanA saghaLA mANasanA vartananuM prayojana mAtra svArtha ja hoya che. paraMtu te pramANe jANI joIne koI vartavA mAMDe, to enuM AcaraNa duSTa ane tuccha gaNAyA vinA rahetuM nathI. svAthI vana nirdoSa hoya te paNa tene saddaguNa kahI zakAtuM nathI, ane saddaguNanAM kAryo svArthI irAdAthI thAya che ema kahevAmAM saddaguNane pratiSedha ja thAya che. aMtaranA uMDA bhAgamAM jaIne nItine siddhAMta jevAne Agraha ApaNe rAkhIe, athavA koI mitra yA duzmananuM AcaraNa ApaNe tapAsavA besIe, athavA aitihAsika manuSyo yA koI navalakathA ke nATakanA pAtranuM telana karavA ApaNe tatpara thaIe, te nItinA niyama paratve ApaNuM vRttio evAja prakAranI che ema ApaNane mAlama paDe che. jeTale aMze pitAnAja AnaMdanI IcchAthI mANasanI sadAcAramAM pravRtti thAya che, teTale aMze tenI kiMmata ochI ekAya che; ane taddana svArthI mANasa narAdhama gaNAya che, paNa kevaLa niHsvAthInI gaNanA ati uttama thAya che. eTalA ja mATe kevaLa satyanI khAtara rAja-vaibhava taLa cAMDALanuM sevana karatA hari. caMdra rAjAnI prazaMsA ApaNe karIe chIe. eTalA ja mATe eka vacananI khAtara vanavAsa bhogavatAM pAMDanI ASaNe vAhavAha bolIe chIe. Ama saghaLA jamAnA, saghaLI prajAo ane sAmAnya loka-abhiprAya je vAtane sarvottama cina tarIke oLakhe che te ja vAtanI A svArthavAdIo nA kahe che. A pramANe je siddhAMta kevaLa bAhya anubhavanA baLe ApaNuM naitika jIvananA kAnune samajavAno prayAsa kare che teja siddhAMta, je leke

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wanaona 20 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. siddhAMtane racavAno prayAsa karyA vinA pitAnA evA anubhavanA AdhAre varate che temanA vartanathI kevaLa virUddha vAta kare che, ane sAmAnya rIte leke je naitika bhASA vApare che tene bheda mAtra bhusI nAMkhe che; ATalIja hakIkata te siddhAMta sAce na hoI zake tenI sabaLa sAbItI che. anubhavavAdI ahIM kahe che ke leke pitAnA jIvananA mukhya niyamo bAbata bramamAM che ane nIti paratve zabdamAM je bheda teo bhAkhe che te paNa braja che. paraMtu jANyA vinA je kaI kAma mANasa jIMdagI paryata karyA kare che teno artha eTale ja thAya che ke tenA rahasyanI tene khabara nathI; paNa teTalA uparathI te khoTuM kare che ema siddha thatuM nathI. - vaLI keTalAka kahe che ke AnaMda eTale Idriyajanya upaga athavA vilAsa nahi, paNa saddaguNI AcaraNathI je saMtoSa upaje che te. paraMtu ema bolavAthI paNa temanA matanI siddhi thaI jatI nathI, kAraNa ke koI bhoga ApatAM temAMthI thatA duHkha karatAM e saMtoSanuM sukha ghaNuM vadhAre che ema mAnI je mANasa sadAcArI rahetA hoya te aMte sukhavAdI ja rahe che. kharuM kahIe to, saddaguNanA saMtoSanuM sukha zodhe maLatuM nathI, paNa saguNunI khAtara sadaguNI rahetAM te sahaja cAlyuM Ave che. kevaLa bInasvArthI AsthA ahIM phaLIbhUta thAya che; ane sadAcArane khare saMtoSa niSkAma pravRttithI ja prApta thAya che e vAtanuM bhAna mANasenA naitika abhiprAyenA muLamAM raheluM hoya che. devatAI daramyAnagIrInI vAta bAjue rAkhIe te paNa ApaNA svabhAvanA niyamane anusAra eka prakAranI kalyANa kArI asara prArthanAthI bhakatonAM hRdaya upara enI meLe thAya che. dInabhAve atyaMta bhaktimAna banIne ane pite devanI samakSa ubho rahe che evI atyaMta saceta kalpanAthI utsAhapUrvaka je ananya bhakta prArthanA kare che. tenI mAnasika sthiti ati unnata ane tenA sukhanI vardhaka thAya che. paraMtu te sivAya anya koI AzA jene svArthamAM hoya che tene e lAbha kadi prApta thazeja nahi. pitAnI prArthanAne pratyutara thaze evI jene AsthA ke AzA nathI tenI mAnasika dazA ujata thavI azakya ja che. mAtra paththaranI mUrti

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. mAM kaI evI zakti nathI ke tamArA hRdayane e unnata banAvI de. takhtazvaranI TekarI upara jaI kaI khristi mahAdevanI prArthanA kare che te pikaLa prArthanAthI tene zuM lAbha thavAne hate? vaLI avivekI udAratAthI maLatuM AnaMda koI vyakti ke samAjane thatA nukasAnathI vizeSa hoya te tenI udAratA karavAmAM janahitavAda pramANe kAMI aDacaNa nathI. paraMtu je mANasa sukha meLavavAnA irAdAe zubhecchA rAkhatA hoya tene te AnaMda maLatuM nathI. ApaNe sAruM kRtya karyuM che evA vicArathI ApaNane AnaMda thAya che. ApaNe nukasAna karIe chIe evI khAtrI jyAM ApaNane hoya tyAM te AnaMda kadI paNa ApaNane prApta thatA nathI. ApaNI manodevatAnA saMtoSa paratve paNa eja vAta satya che. kartavyanI khAtara kartavya karyA pachI saMtoSanI vRtti enI meLe upaje che; paNa mAnasika AnaMda meLavavAnI apekSAe je kartavya AcaravAmAM Ave te naphA ToTAne e hisAba svIkAravAnI ApaNuM mane devatA sApha ne kahe che. arthAt AnaMda meLavavAnA udeze sadguNa AcaravAmAM Ave che tevA saddaguNamAMthI AnaMda maLe. muzkela che. vaLI ApaNA svabhAvamAM rahelA bhinna bhinna aMzemAM naitika aMza bIjAthI tadana bhinna che e vAta sAmAnya rIte saune spaSTa che. A bhedane khulAso ApavA janahitavAda kevaLa asamartha che. mAtra upayogitA athavA mANasonuM sukha vadhAravAnI vRttimAMja je sadAcAranI sarvottamatA samAelI hoya, te aneka apavitra AcaraNene ApaNe pavitra mAnavAM paDaze. bhinna bhinna samAjanA guNa ane dharmane ajavALAmAM ANanArA arthazAstra ane tattvadarzaka itihAsanA graMthane saghaLo prayAsa emaja siddha karavAmAM che ke jene ApaNe saguNI kRtyo kahIe chIe temanA karatAM svAthI kRtyone lIdhe manuSya jAtane vizeSa sukha ane lAbha thayAM che. "svArthamAM parArthatA" nA niyama prajAonI AbAdI ane sudhArAnI pragati thaI che. udAratAnA je uchALAthI mANase nANuM kADhI nAkhe che temanA karatAM svArtha-vRttine laIne je mANase dhana saMce che temanAthI aMte duniyAne vadhAre lAbha tha che. eka mahAna ItihAsakAra te ema paNa kahe che

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ke naitika vikAsa karatAM buddhine vikAsa samAjane vadhAre kAmane che. chatAM e banemAM vAstavika bheda che e vAtanI nA kaNa kaheze? A bheda AMtarika AzayathI spaSTa thAya che ema janahitavAdIthI kahI zakAya nahI; kAraNa ke te mata pramANe kAryanI sArAsAratAnA viveka mATe AMtarika AzayanI apekSA ja bilakula nathI e paNa te matanI eka pIDA che. benjAma kahe che ke manuSyanI saghaLI pravRttinuM prayojana mAtra AnaMdaprApti ja hoya che. paraMtu tethI sadAcArI, durAcArI ane udAsIna-saghaLAM kAryo eka keTInAMja thaI jAya. Ama saddaguNane je apratima ane apUrva padavI jana-samUha Ape che teno khulAse A matathI thaI zakato nathI. jethI mANasone sukha thAya te sAruM ema je ApaNe svIkArIe to ghaNAM anItimAna kRtyathI paNa mANasane sukha thatuM hovAthI temane nItimAna kahevAne prasaMga Avaze. je AMtarika AzayanuM dhoraNa ApaNe svIkArIe te kAryadakSa Azaya ane saddaguNI AzayamAM bheda che e vAta mAnavAnI A matavALAo ne kahe che. ane je IrAdAnuM dhoraNa svIkArIe te satya ane pativratyathI game teTaluM sukha manuSya jAtane thatuM hoya, paNa paropakAra karavAnA irAdAthI e sadAcAra ke pALatuM nathI. A pramANe manuSyanA svabhAvamAM naitika vRttine aza svataMtra rahe che tene khulAse ' vaLI keTalAka ema kahe che ke AMtaravAdIe teija kahe che ke amuka kAryomAM mANasanuM sukha vadhAravAnuM sAmarthya raheluM che, mATe te karavAMja joIe. uparAMta teo ema paNa kahe che ke jemAM evuM sAmarthya na hoya evo eka paNa sadAcAra AMtaravAdIo batAvI zake ema nathI. have zubhecchA ke paropakAra, arthAta manuSyanA sukhamAM vRddhi karavI te, mANasane * IrAdA(Intention) ane Azaya (Motive)ne bheda benyAma pADe che. tharAdAmAM kAryanuM pariNAma paNa dhyAnamAM levAnuM hoya che. juoH Mackenzie" kRta Manual of Ethics Bk. 1 ch. 2.

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. raha nuM kartavya che e vAtanI zaMkA kaI AMtaravAdIne svamamAM paNa AvI nathI. ulaTuM teo kahe che ke e kartavya che evuM jJAna ApaNane aMtaramAM pratyakSa-siddha che; ApaNe svArtha tethI sare che evA zodhathI te nathI thatuM. paraMtu saghaLA saddaguNa sukha-vRddhinA A ekaja niyamane vazavata che e vAta svIkAravAnI teo nA pADe che. leka-vicAranI sAthe eka mata thaI paropakArane teo sadAcAra lekhe che te eTalAja mATe ke duniyAne e upayogI che, ane upayogitA kivA janasevAne teo kartavya tarIke svIkAre che. eja leka-vicAranI sAthe ekamata rahI teo mAne che ke satya ane pativratyathI sukha thAo vA duHkha thAo, paNa te jAteja sadAcAra che. temanI bIjI dalIlamAM je prakana samAelo che tenuM uttara ApavuM eTaluM saheluM nathI, kAraNa ke kAryonAM chevaTa pariNAmenI gaNatrI karavI muzkela che. kAryanI sArAsAratA viSe jyAM manuSyomAM vivAda hota nathI tyAM pariNAma para temanA vicAra ghaNuM karIne bahu spaSTa hoya che. amAro siddhAMta ghaNe cokkasa che evI ApavaDAI janahitavAdIe kare che, chatAM "sukha' zabdanI paNa cekasa vyAkhyA teo bAMdhI zakatA nathI, ane bAMdhI zakAya evI paNa nathI. "banI zake teTalA sukha nA Avazyaka lakSaNe kyAM ? e koI paNa mANasa barAbara kahI zakatuM nathI. prajA prajAnA, are kahe ke mANasa mANasanA paNa sukhanA vicAra judA judA hoya che. ane dareka sadAcAra upayogI hoya che e bAbatamAM kaMI vivAda na hoya to paNa temAMthI ema phalita thaI jatuM nathI ke upayogitAne lIdhe temAM zreSThatA Ave che. saddaguNI kArya sAmAnya rIte tenA kartAne agara chevaTe samAjane ekaMdare upayogI thAya che e vAta svIkAravAmAM aDacaNa nathI. paNa tethI karIne upayogItA nItine sarvoparI niyama thaI jato nathI. vaLI kAryonI gaNanA temAMthI upajatA phaLathIja karavA besIe, to pariNAma ghaNAM coMkAvanArAM Avaze. upayogitAne siddhAMta evo che ke je kAryathI manuSya jAtanuM sukha vadhe te sAruM ane jenAthI te sukha ochuM thAya te naThAruM.

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annnnnnnnnnname 24 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. tethI dareka kAma, dareka vartana, dareka kema, samAjanI dareka sthiti, eTale aMze Adama jAtanuM sukha vadhAre teTale aMze sadAcArI, ane jeTale aMze te sukha ochuM kare teTale aMze durAcArI. have svabhAvanI keTalIka nibaLatAthI evI koI bAbatamAM nizcaya karI levAnI DhIla ke utAvaLathI jeTaluM duHkha thAya che teTaluM duHkha adhamamAM adhama durAcAra ke jenuM nAma pADavuM paNa lAjama nathI tethI thAya che ke kema te zaMkA paDatI vAta che.. zaramALa, nirAbhimAnI, svabhAve zAMta ane thoDuM bolanAre, pitAmAM rahelI zakitaone avizvAsI, ane takarAra ke dalIlanI vAta AvatAM turata pitAne taMta choDI de e mANasa duniyAne ekaMdara ocho lAbha karI zake che e vAta te niHsaMzaya che; paNa nilaja, chAtIcale ane uddhata mANasa taDAkA phaDAkA mArI dareka kAmamAM mAthuM mAre che ane phAvI jAya che. paraMtu upayogitAnA siddhAMta pramANe A mANasa vadhAre sAro gaNAze. vaLI upakAravRttine lIdhe ApaNe vyavahAra bezaka ghaNe saumya ane kemaLa thaye che, paraMtu ghaNA jamAnA paryata veranI vRttine lIdhe sAmAjIka aMdhAdhunI aTakI che, ane hAla paNa gunhA upara ene aMkuza che. tethI upakAravRtti karatAM vera-vRtti janasamAjane vadhAre upayogI thaI che. sArvajanika jIvananI vizALa raMgabhUmi upara, vizeSa karIne jyAre leke rAgadveSathI gherAI AcaraNamAM pravRtta thAya che tyAre, sUkSma nItinA vicAravALo prAmANika ane niSpakSa mANasa athavA Dhaga ke DhIlane sahana karI na zakata. dharmane ekamArga jhanunI jagatane jhAjhe lAbha karI zakatA nathI. paraMtu game te upAye paNa potAnI matalaba sAdhavAne khetI, aMtaryAmi devatAnI guMcavaNamAMthI taddana mukta ane kevaLa ThaMDe peTe kAma karanAra, sUkSmadarzI rAjadArI purUSa te samaye sattAvAna thaI paDe che, kAraNa ke lekenA rAga Sa ane samayanA durAgrahane kAMIka sAcavI levAnI kasamata tenAmAM hoya che. AvI rIte phatehamaMda nIvaDelA mANasone bhale keTalAka lekhake vakhANe ane hRdayanI vizALatA ane bArIka nItinA vicArane lIdhe jeo netA

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa. thaI zakatA nathI temanI hAMsI karI teo bhale temane dhikkAre; paNa samA ema bhAgye ja koIne vicAra Avaze. je mAtra upayogitAthIja nItinuM tolana karavAnuM hoya, te pote kare che tenA karatAM moTI durdazA je aTakAve che evA varga pratye nItine aNagame ApaNe kevI rIte batAve e vAta samajavI muzkela thaI paDe che. vezyAo sadAcAra kare che ema koI kaheze nahi. Ama upayogitAnA sUtrathI te sadAcArane durAcAra ane durAcArane sadAcAra kahevAno prasaMga Ave che. have janahitavAdane yathArtha anubhavamAM melatAM zuM thAya te ApaNe joIe. dhAro ke koI mANasane vicAramAM ane AcAramAM yathArtha janahitavAdI thavuM che, ane dhAro ke potAnA svArtha ane kartavyamAM dekhAto taphAvata che e muzkelInuM samAdhAna pitAnA mana sAthe eNe prathamathI ja karI lIdhuM che ane have kartavyanuM ja jIvana ene jIvavuM che. paNa kartavya zuM? svataMtra kAryanI sadAcAratA ke durAcAratA ja nathI; upayogI kAryamAM durAcAra kadi paNa hotA nathI; ane kAryanI upayogitAmAM ja saghaLo sadAcAra samAelo che ane tenI kiMmata paNa tethI ja karavAnI che. ATaluM jANyA pachI jarIka avalokana karatAM te jIjJAsune turata mAlama paDI Ave che ke khuna, cerI, jUTha ityAdi gunAothI paNa duniyAmAM ghaNIvAra lAbha thAya che. te evAM kAryo eNe paNa zA mATe na karavAM? ema pUchatAM ene javAba maLe che ke kAryonI nIti tapAsavAmAM samIpanAM ane dUrastha bane phaLone dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnAM che; tethI te kAryo kharuM jotAM upayogI nathI. vaLI keTalAMka jUthI ane kavacita khUnathI paNa lAbha thAya, tathApi jIMdagI ane milkatanI pavitratA jALavavAmAM manuSa jAtano eka prakArane moTAmAM moTo lAbha samAele che, ane vaLI satya bolavAnuM uMcuM dhoraNa samAjamAM

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26 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. sAcavI rAkhavuM joIe, nahi te kharAba dAkhalo bese. paraMtu A pratyuttara saMtoSakAraka nathI. kemake janahitavAdIe ema sAbIta karI ApavuM joIe ke duniyA jene gune kahe che tevA eka kAryathI samAjanA A mahAna pAyA evA nirbaLa thaI jAya che ke tethI turatanA lAbha karatAM dUrastha hAni vadhAre thAya che. nahi te, sukhanI tarapheNamAM sIlaka bAkI rahe che, ane tethI khUna, corI ke asatya upayogI thAya che, ane tethI janaDitavAdInA siddhAMta pramANe te sadAcAra ja gaNAya. dAkhale besavAnI vAta janahitavAdI kare che te paNa asaMgata che. prathama te aprasiddha mANasanAM jAhera kAryothI dAkhalAnI asara bahu thoDI thAya che. paNa te kAryo je kevaLa chAnAM rahI zake, te dAkhalAthI upajatI mAThI asara thavAne saMbhava ja rahetuM nathI. tame kaheze ke jene leke gunA kahe che te Ama chAnA karavAnI paravAnagI lekene ApavI e ghaNuM jokhama bhareluM che. to teno artha eTale ja thAya che ke evI paravAnagIne Tere pITAvavAmAM janahitavAdIne lAbha nathI, paNa teTalA kAraNuthI te pote pitAno lAbha sAdhatAM zA mATe aTake ? je koI mANasane khAtrI hoya ke amuka kArya upayogI hovAthI temAM pApa nathI, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te karIne tAtkAlika lAbha te meLavI zake ema che, ane vaLI evI gupta rIte e kArya te karI zake ema che ke lokone dAkhalA rUpa te bilakula thaI ja nahi zake, te pachI janahitavAdanA siddhAMta pramANe te kArya karavAmAM te vAjabI ja che. jene ApaNe sadAcAra kahIe chIe te mAtra upayogI hovAthI je nItimAna thato hoya, te jyAre te upayogI thAya tyAre ja te nItimAna hoI zake. Ama kAryapradezamAM moTe bhAge "pApa karatA pakaDAvuM nahi e sadAcArano siddhAMta thaI jAya che, ane pAke ane khadho mANasa kharA sadAcArImAM khapI javAne bhaya upaje che. A doSanuM nivAraNa karavA keTalAka ema kahe che ke evA kAryathI kartAnA svabhAvanuM valaNa kamajera thaI jaze; athavA bIjI rIte bolIe te je kAyI samAjane ghaNuM karIne hAnikAraka hoya che evAM kAryo karavAnuM prasaMga maLatAM ene mana thaI

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha tihAsa. jaze. paraMtu A dalIlamAM paNa jhAjho dama nathI, kAraNa ke eka ja kAryathI enA svabhAva upara te asara evI thaI jatI nathI ke tAtkAlika lAbha meTa hoya chatAM e choDI de; kemake janahitavAdI hovAthI te to ema ja mAnate hoya che ke AcaraNanA kharA siddhAMta pramANe ja e varate che. ane e kAryathI je Teva ja paDI jatI hoya te upayogitAnI yathAsthita ane bArIka gaNatrI karIne kAryonuM niyamana karavuM te te janahitavAdInuM parama prAptavya che. vaLI A jIjJAsu je tIvra ka5nAvALe ane ekAMtavAsI prakRtine haze, te ghaNuM karIne kevaLa kalpanAnI sRSTimAM ja e magna rahezo. sAmAnya rIte mANasane sahaja samajAya che ke kevaLa kalpanAnI sRSTimAM rahevAmAM pApa che, kAraNa ke pitAnA AnaMda sivAya anya kartavyo paNa mANase karavAnAM che; ane te tenAthI nathI thatAM te tene pazcAtApa thAya che. paraMtu janahitavAdIne pitAnA siddhAMtane lIdhe te pazcAtApa thato nathI. tethI ati daSTa kalpanAmAM Asakta rahevAthI ene AnaMdanI prApti thAya che; ane je e Asakti koI kAryamAM pariNamatI na hoya te tethI tene lAbha paNa racanA thaI zakatI hovAthI, janahitavAdamAM kalpanAnAM pApa banI zake che. ane kalpanAdrAvaka graMthe bahu vAMcavAnI sAme e ja AkSepa che ke tethI vAMcanAranI vRttio kevaLa kalpanA sRSTimAM ramatI hovAthI vyAvahArika kalyANamAM tenI pravRtti rahetI nathI. vaLI, dUrastha pariNAmono vicAra janahitavAdamAM pradhAnatA bhagave che. paraMtu temAM paNa pheraphAra karavAnI ApaNuM A jIjJAsune jarUra lAgaze, nahi te bALahatyAdine paravAne maLaze. janahitavAdI kahe che ke khUnathI mATe lAbha thato hoya to paNa te karavAmAM pApa che, kAraNa ke tethI jIMdagInI pavitratAne vicAra nirbaLa thato jAya che. paraMtu amuka bAbatamAM mANase jIdagInA bedarakAra rahe che tethI badhI bAbatamAM teo tenA bedarakAra thAya che e vAta anubhavathI viruddha che. prAcIna grIka lokamAM dayAnI jarI paNa lAgaNI vinA garIba mAbApanAM

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa. chokarAnuM pana thatuM hatuM athavA temane rakhaDatAM mUkAtAM hatAM, chatAM umare pahelAnI aMdagI pavitra gaNAtI hatI. vaLI je mANase dharmano. vistAra karavA jANI joIne jUThuM bolI upayogI vehe upajAve te anya vyavahAramAM paNa jUThuM bolazeja ema temAMthI Avazyaka rIte nIkaLatuM nathI. saTTAmAM atyaMta apramANika mANasa bIjA vyavahAramAM ghaNuM karIne cokhkhA ane pramANika heya che. janahitavAdane je kaI durAcAra barAbara baMdha besatA hoya to te nirdayatA che. paraMtu prANIo pratye dUra thavAthI mANase pratye kara hovAnuM pariNAma AvyuM nathI; ane jyAM prANIone thatuM duHkha AnaMdanuM mukhya tatva hoya che evA dekhAthI cAritrya upara mAThI asara thAya che tyAM paNa te dekhAvAthI upajatA mAnuSI asukhane saravALo te vakhate upajatA tAtkAlika atyaMta AnaMdanI barobarI kare che ke kema ? te paNa ghaNuM saMzayanI vAta che. Ama janahitavAdamAM krUratA AcaravAnI. paravAnagI maLe che. paraMtu emAMthI janahitavAdamAM ati vilakSaNa prakAranuM eka bIjuM pariNAma paNa Ave che. prANIo pratye dayA rAkhavAnuM ApaNuM kartavya che e vAtanuM vAjabIpaNuM ane khulAso AMtaravAdInA mata pramANe sahelAIthI thaI jAya che. jenA jenA saMbaMdhamAM ApaNe AvIe te sarva pratye ApaNuM saMjoga ane cAritryanA baLe ApaNAmAM judI judI lAgaNIo janme che, ane te darekanI sArAsAratA viSe ApaNI mane devatA ApaNane ApoApa kahe che. tethI ja bIjA karatAM ApaNA kuTuMbIo ane svadezIone ApaNe vadhAre cAhIe to te svAbhAvika ane vAjabI che. eja mane devatA ApaNane kahe che ke prANIo pratye dayA rAkhavAnuM ApaNuM kartavya svAbhAvika ane vAjabI che, chatAM temAM ane mANase pratye ApaNI dayAnA kartavyamAM bheda che. mANasa mANasanuM bhakSaNa karato. nathI, paNa prANIone khorAkamAM vApare che. cAmaDAnI khAtara, agara najIvI agavaDamAMthI mukta thavAnI khAtara mANasa mAratAM jenA hRdayamAM kAMI AnAkAnI thatI nathI te mANasa parepakAra kare che ema kahI tene koI

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. 28 vakhANatuM nathI. tathApi khorAka, moja ke sagavaDanI khAtara prANIone jIva levAmAM je mANasanuM hRdaya kAMI khatuM nathI te mANasa prANIo pratye ghaNo dayALu che ema janahitavAda pramANe gaNI zakAya. jamAnAnA jussAne vaza thaI, prANIo pratye dayA rAkhavI joIe e vAtanuM samarthana karavA janahitavAdIoe prasaMzanIya prayAsa karyo che. paraMtu manuSyanA sukhamAM vRddhi karavA uparAMta anya uddezane je siddhAMta oLakhate nathI, temAMthI e vAta upasthita thatI nathI e spaSTa che. tethI hAlamAM te matanA keTalAka anyAyIo ema kahe che ke je sukhaduHkhanI ahIM vAta thAya che te manuSyanuM hoya ke prANIonuM hoya, paNa ekaMdare je kAryathI sukha vadhAre thAya te sAruM, ane jethI du:kha vadhAre thAya te naThAruM. arthAta manuSya pratye manuSyanuM jevuM kartavya che tevuM ja prANIo pratye paNa che. tethI prANIonA dukha karatAM manuSyanuM sukha vadhAre na hoya te te duHkha karavuM vAjabI nathI. paraMtu bAhyAnubhavavAdInA siddhAMtamAMthI A vAta paNa kema nIkaLI Ave che te samajAtuM nathI. A siddhAMta pramANe, svArthane lIdhe mANasanI paropakAramAM pravRtti zarU thAya che. paNa pachI Teva paDatAM popakAra enI meLe thaI jAya che. paraMtu krUratAthI khIjAI prANIo ApaNane nukasAna karI zake nahi, tethI prANIo para A svArthano pAyo raheto nathI. tame kahezo ke zubhecchAnI Teva prathama mANaso para paDe che ane pachI vicAra-sAhacaryanA baLe prANIo pratye te ApaNe laMbAvIe chIe; to. te vAta ThIka che, paraMtu prANIo pratyenuM kartavya mANaso pratyenA kartavyanI koTInuM lekhAya e vAta AdaraNIya nathI. prANIone mArI nAkhatAM je duHkha temane thAya che temaja tethI je sukha temanuM jatuM rahe che tenA karatAM, temanA cAmaDAne banele pizAka paheratAM athavA tenA mAMsano AhAra karatAM je AnaMda thAya che te vadhAre che ema jyAM sudhI kedanI khAtrI thAya nahi tyAM sudhI te mANasa te pizAka paheraze nahi athavA te AhAra karaze nahi ema banavuM kadi saMbhavita lAgatuM nathI. ane

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30 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. dhAre ke AvI gaNatrI karIne ja janahitavAdI mAMsAhArAdimAM pravRtta rahe che. te pachI garIba mAbApanAM aradhA bhukhe marI jatAM chokarAne mArI khatAM enA siddhAMtamAM zo vAMdho Ave che ? kemake enA mata pramANe e bALake ane bakarAM eka ja keTInAM che. A pramANe A siddhAntamAM laukika nItithI virUddha ane kamakamATI upajAve evAM tarkanAM pariNAme aMtargata rahelAM che. paraMtu haMjI be bAbatamAM besavAnuM rahe che. pativratya ane satyano prema. pAtivratya vize ApaNe AgaLa besavuM paDaze. atre te te saMbaMdhI sAro kare ja ucita che. dhAro ke pativratya saMbaMdhI eka jamAnAmAM anAcAra ane niraMkuza svachaMda pravarte che ane lekanA manamAMthI tenI svAbhAvika sarvottamatAne vicAra bIlakula nIkaLI gayo che; ane dhAro ke bIjA eka jamAnAmAM e bAbatamAM ati pavitra sadAcAra paLAya che. A be jamAnAmAMthI nItimAM kayo sAro ? e viSe je janahitavAdI vicAra karavA bese te eNe kahevuM joIe ke je jamAnAmAM vadhAremAM vadhAre AnaMda ane ochAmAM ochuM duHkha thAya che te sAre. kauTuMbika jIvanamAMthI maLato AnaMda, samAjamAM niraMkuza vyavahArathI upajatuM sukha.. pAtivatyanA bhaMgathI jUde jude aMze upajatA kaleza, ane jIMdagInA dareka prakArane lIdhe sukha ane vastInI vRddhi upara chevaTe je asara thAya che te-A badhAM te sarakhAmaNI karavAmAM to bane che, ane A dhoraNe tapAsatAM keIpaNa mANasa ema kahI zakaze ke pativratya pALatAM ekaMdare eTaluM badhuM sukha upaje che ke nItimAM ApaNe je uttama sthAna ene ApIe chIe te vAjabI che ? arthAta janahitavAdInA siddhAMtamAMthI pAtivatyane sadAcAra upasthita thato nathI. * bIjI bAbata satyanA premanI che. satyapremI mANasa vahemI hote nathI. have dharmamAM aMdha zraddhAne zatru janahitavAdInA je bIjo koI hati nathI. chatAM tenA siddhAMtamAMthI A zatrutAnuM vAjabIpaNuM siddha thavuM muzkela che. grIka lekene devanI adhama bIka hatI, ane bezaka AvI

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa, 31 jAtanA vahemathI manuSyone avarNa saMtApa ane kaleza thaelA che. paraMtu bIjA keTalAka vahemomAM tethI ulaTuM valaNa raheluM che. ghaNIvAra hRdayanI Atura IcchAo temanAthI tRpta banI saMtoSa pAme che. je vAta tarkathI kevaLa zakya ke saMbhavita lAge che te vAta temanAthI nizcita banI ApaNAmAM gADha AsthA ane prema upajAve che, ane evA vicAronI prApti karAve che ke kalpanAne temanA upara TharatAM AnaMda prApta thAya che, keTalIka vakhate naitika satyane paNa temanAthI navuM vajana maLe che. hRdayamAM evI jarUrIAte teo ubhI kare che ke je temanAthI ja saMtoSa pAme evI dhAstIo ubhI kare che ke je temanAthI ja naSTa thAya; Ama manuSya jIvanamAM ghaNIvAra teo sukhanAM Avazyaka to bane che ane duHkhane dIlAse maLI zake che. jJAna karatAM mehanA ApaNe vizeSa RNI chIe, vicAranA pradezamAM, tarkanuM sAmarthya to vizeSe karIne TIkA ane saMhAramAM samAeluM hoya che. paraMtu kevaLa racanAtmaka kalpanA ApaNA sukhamAM ghaNuM karIne vadhAre sahAyabhUta thAya che. hAthe bAMdhelA tAvIjathI ke koI pavitra chabI gharamAM hovAthI potAnA saMrakSaNanI azikSita manane evI to khAtrI rahe che ke tethI du;khane vakhate kharekhara dIlAse tene je maLe che, tevo dIlAso tattvajJAnanA bhavya siddhAMtathI paNa maLatA nathI. jenA upara pate AdhAra rAkhI zake evI kaIka vastu zodhI kADhavAnI hRdayanI upara che; ane duHkhada ane saMtApajanaka saMzayamAMthI mukta thavuM e rasto sAmAnya mANasone sukha meLavavAmAM ghaNe upayogI thAya te dharmanI kaI saMsthA asatya, vahemI ane pazcAtagAmI bhale hoya, paNa tethI vizvanI prakRti samajavAnI cAvI maLe che ema jana-samUhane moTo bhAga je mAnato hoya, jyAre hRdayane cIrI nAMkhe evA duHkhanA samaye uMcA prakAranA vivekanI vAte zuSka lAge tyAre je temane enAthI khare dIlAse maLato

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. bhagna thatA hRdayane tethI Teke maLatuM hoya, te tevA dharmathI paNa temane sukha thAya che. bheLo ane vehemI mANasa sudhArAnI halakI pAyarIe bhale heya, paNa jyAM vera ke evuM kaI bIjuM trAsajanakarUpa vehema dhAraNa karato na hoya evA ghaNu prasaMge te duHkhajanaka hoto nathI; ane sudhArAnI halakI pAyarIthI duHkha upajatuM na hoya to te halakI pAyarIne janahitavAdInI nItimAM sthAna hoI zake nahi. zedhaka vRtti saceta thatAM mAtra duHkhada mAnyatAo ja naSTa thaze ane sukhada mAnyatAo badhI rahI jaze ema mAnavuM ghaNuM bhUla bhareluM che. ajJAnanuM bhAna ane saMzayanI vedanAone aMtaramAM praveza karAvavAthI duHkha thAya che athavA sahana karavuM paDe che, ane te saMzaya kALa vItyA pachI paNa kadi rahe che. mahAdevanI mUrtine samakSa rAkhI bhakti karatI koI Arya mahIlAne jo tame ema kahe ke "bahena, e paththaramAM paramezvara nathI, paNa kharA paramezvaranuM bhajana kare to temAM tamAruM kalyANa che;" te kharA paramezvaranuM bhajana karavA jatAM teno paramezvara ja uDI cAlyo gayo che ema ene lAgaze ane AMkhamAM AMsu lAvI dayAmaNe cehere tamane e kaheze ke "bhAI, mAre paramezvara tame upADI gayA cho." A vakhate janahitavAdane ubhA thaI rahevuM paDaze. paraMtu AMtaravAda ahIM bolI uThaze ke ApaNA upadiSTa maMtavyone mAtra mAnasika vikAsanI cIja gaNavAmAM pApa che; ane sukha thAo vA duHkha thAo, paNa satya zodhavAnI ApaNI pharaja che, ane A pharaja upayogitAnA sUtrathI kevaLa bhinna che ane tenAthI zreSTha che. janahitavAdamAM je kAyadAthI nItinuM pAlana thAya che te kAyadA paratve paNa temane eka ja siddhAMta kAMIka yogya lAge che, ane te dhArmika kAyade che. A siddhAMta pramANe sadAcAranI tarapheNamAM svArthanI purAMta hamezAM rahI zake che. paraMtu arvAcIna janahitavAdIone moTo bhAga dharmanA vicArane pitAnA matathI spaSTa rIte alaga rAkhe che, tethI tenA saMbaMdhamAM mAtra eka be vAte ja ApaNe jezuM. prathamate, devanI IcchA ja je nItine kAyade mAtra hoya, te pachI

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33. AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa. daivI guNo ApaNA prema ane prazaMsAnA viSaya rahetA nathI. deva zreSTa che ema kahevAne artha eTale ja thAya che ke zreSThatA nAme kaI evo dharma che ke jene anusAra deva pite varate che, nahite temAM artha rahita punarUkti ja thAya che. kevaLa IcchAmAM kaI niyama na hovAthI, mAtra icchAvALA deva upara zraddhA ane prIti ApaNane kevI rIte ane zA mATe thAya? A matamAM be vAta spaSTa che. IzvaranI IcchA ja mAtra nItine kAyado che, ane bhaviSyamAM maLavAnA sArA ke narasA badalAne lIdhe ja e IcchAne ApaNe anusarIe chIe. prathama vAtathI IzvaranI zreSThatA rahetI nathI. bIjI vAtathI manuSyane saguNa rahetuM nathI. bIjI vAta A matavALA kahe che ke paralokanA sukha duHkhanA vicArathI ja ApaNI pravRtti nItimAM thAya che. paraMtu ApaNI vAstavika mAnyatA evI che ke dharma ane adharmanI evI daDha vRtti ApaNA aMtaranA uMDA bhAgamAM sajaDa rahelI che ke tene saMtoSavAnI khAtara bhAvi badalAne siddhAMta ApaNe ravIkArIe chIe. sadAcArI du:khI ane durAcArI sukhI ghaNIvAra ApaNe jagatamAM joIe chIe. tethI A janmamAM nahito AvatA janmamAM temane badale maLavo ja joIe ema ApaNe mAnIe chIe. je dharma adharmanuM A bhAna ApaNuM svabhAvamAMthI laI levAmAM Ave, to pachI e anumAna kADhavAne avakAza ApaNane raheto nathI. trIjI vAta. sRSTi-kartAnA zreSTa paropakArIpaNanI vAta janahita vAdI kare che. paraMtu ApaNI svabhAvasiddha naitika zaktinI saMmati vinA kevaLa kudaratamAMthI e vAta siddha thaI zaktI nathI. sUryanA prakAzamAM AnaMda mANatuM jaMtu, prANIomAM pitAnA saMrakSaNa mATe udAra hAthe bakSIsa thaeluM agajJAna, mAbApane sneha, bALakone AnaMda, kudaratanAM saudarya ane phaLadrupatA vigere aneka sArI vAta ApaNe kudaratamAM joIe chIe ane tethI Izvara ghaNe dayALu che ema ApaNe kahIe chIe. paraMtu AthI ulaTI vAto paNa kudaratamAM dekhAya che. bhayaMkara rogo, dukALa ane

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34 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. marakI, prANIo upara jIvanArAM peTanA kRmio, uMdara bilADI jevAM vera ane karatA, ItyAdi puSkaLa duHkha ane saMkaTa ApaNe joIe chIe. A uparathI Izvarane krara ApaNe zA mATe na kahevo ! vaLI buddhi-viSayaka bAbatamAM paNa kudarate ghaNe bhrama upajAvela che. dareka cIja jotAM jaMgalInI jIjJAsA tene bhramamAM ja nAkhe che. sUrya pRthvInI AsapAsa pharate nA dI jaNAya che; caMdra ane tArA pitAne ajavALuM ApavA mATe ja mAtra sarajAelA lAge che; vicitra prakAranA roga thatAM zarIramAM bhUta bharAeluM samajAya che; kudaratanA bhayaMkara banAve jaDa zaktinAM nahi paNa pRthak pRthak caitanyamaya kartAonAM kAryo lAge che, ane AvI AvI vAtothI enA manamAM vahema jaDa ghAlIne bese che. AvA AvA vahemane lIdhe seMkaDo varSa lagI jagatamAM lehInI nIke vahI che, kudaratanA kAyadA deva rUpe pUjAyA che ane lAkho prArthanAo temane nAhaka thaI che. Ama kudaratanA bhramajanaka dekhAvane lIdhe, sarvatra bALaka avasthAmAM bhayaMkara bhramaNAene bhoga thaelI manuSyanI mati seMkaDo varSonA bhAre parizrama pachI ja mAMDa mAMDa temAMthI mukta thaelI che. arthazAstrathI paNa e ja vAta siddha che. prajAonA svArtha eka bIjAthI virUddha che evI bhramaNA thatAM aneka khunakhAra laDAIo saLagelI che ane temAM duniyAne DATa vALI gayuM che. paraMtu AvI bhramaNAmAM prabaLamAM prabaLa buddhivALAM mANaso paNa gothAM khAI gayAM che ane mAtra hamaNA hamaNAmAM ja dravyanA kAyadAonuM rahasya duniyAne samajAvA lAgyuM che. ; paraMtu A uparathI ApaNe samajavuM zuM ? je kevaLa kudaratanA anubhava uparathI ja A bAbatamAM ApaNane samajavAnuM hota, keTalIka vastuo pitAnA svabhAvathI ja sArI che ane keTalIka kharAba che evuM jJAna je ApaNane bilakula thatuM ja nahata, te ApaNe kema kahI zakata ke Izvara sarva vAte saMpUrNa che? sRSTimAM zubha vRttinI vizeSa pratIti ApaNane thatI hoya, to paNa kudaratanA mizrita dharmo uparathI tenA yaMtrakAramAM paNa tevA mizraNane Aropa ApaNe kara joIe. zreSTha sarvottamatAnuM ApaNuM jJAna,

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. 35 are ! sRSTi-kartAnA astitvanI zreSTha sAbIti, jaDa sRSTimAMthI nahi paNa ApaNA naitika svabhAvamAMthI ApaNane hastagata thAya che. e vAta yuktinI nathI, paNa AsthAnI che. AsthA ane yukti bane ApaNA svabhAvanA mULa aMza che; paNa AsthA je vAta ApaNane zIkhave che, te yuktithI kadi jANI zakAya ema nathI. yuktithI atIta, ati unnata ane zreSTha, nItinI bhAvanA ApaNA hRdayamAM rahelI che. A bhAvanAo jaDa sRSTimAM saMtuSTa thaI zakatI nathI. paNa temanI mahad abhilASA evI te spaSTa ane prabaLa che ke mAtra anya duniyAne mATe teo lAyakanI lAge che; ane tethI karIne ApaNAmAM rahelA daivI ezanI ane A jIdagImAM ja ApaNuM jIvananI samApti nathI e vAtanI, temAMthIja ApaNane sAbIti maLe che. A vAto yutithI samajAvI zakAya evI nathI, paNa mAtra ApaNA aMtaranA uddagAra ja hoya che. paraMtu saghaLA jamAnAnA zreSTha ane mahAna purUSone anubhava e ja che e vAta temanI satyatAnI sAbIti che. A duniyAnI vastuothI ApaNe svabhAvano tRpti thatI nathI e cekasa che, ane pavitra ane unnata jIvanathI A mahad abhilASAo pradIpta thAya che ane svArthI ane bhraSTa jIvanathI aspaSTa ane maMda thaI jAya che e vAta sAcI che. ane A bhAvanAonuM sthAyI khaMDana tattvajJAnanA koI siddhAMta ke saMzayavAdathI adyApi paryata thaI zakyuM nathI. ApaNuM naitika svabhAvanuM valaNa upara javAnuM che. ane dharma ane nItizAstranuM mULa paNa te svabhAvamAM ja che, kAraNake A tatva ApaNA svabhAvanA baMdhAraNamAM ati nirbaLa chatAM sarvoparI ane zreSTa che e vAtanuM bhAna apaNane je vAtathI thAya che te ja vAtathI te daivI aMza che evo upadeza paNa ApaNane maLe che. tethI ja duniyAnA uttama dharmoe svArthane nahi-paNa hRdayane AtmabhoganuM je daivI tatva ApaNAmAM gupta rahyuM che tene Azraya lIdho che. Ama ApaNA vAstavika naitika svabhAvane svIkAra karavAthI ja

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yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. kudaratamAM Izvarane svIkAra thaI zake che, kAraNa ke tevA svIkAramAM ApaNuM ane ApaNAthI uttama svabhAva vacceno saMbaMdha aMtargata rahela che. ane e svIkAra na karIe te Adi-kAraNanA astitvane prazna mAtra purANane viSaya banI jAya che ane dharma kalpanAne vyApAra mAtra banI jAya che. paraMtu moTe bhAge janahitAvAdIo kahe che ke vyAvahArika kAyadAthI ja temane siddhAMta sthApita thAya che. arthAta barAbara samajAya te ApaNA kartavyane meLa ApaNuM svArthanI sAthe e te maLato Ave che ke mAtra vyavahAramAM dRSTi rAkhI mANasa varate te saMpUrNa sadAcArI te avazya thAya che. zArIrika durguNathI aMte zarIranI kSINutA ane duHkha Ave che. uDAUIpaNathI aMte kharAbI thAya che. niraMkuza rAgadveSathI kauTuMbika zAMtine bhaga thAya che. bIjAnA svArthanI bedarakArIthI samAjanI ane kAyadAnI zikSA thAya che. tethI ulaTuM jema sadAcAra vadhAre thAya tema zAMti vadhAre rahe che. paropakAra karavAthI eka prakArane kharekhara AnaMda thAya che; ane Teva paDatAM saddavartanathI avazya sukha thAya che. Teva paDayA pachI jema dukAnadArane dukAne gayA vinA cena paDatuM nathI, tema nItimAM raNadhIra purUSa paNa, je sadAcAra prathama pitAnA sukhanuM sAdhana mAtra hatuM te sadAcArane pachI sarvathI vizeSa gaNatAM zIkhe che ane te jArI rAkhe che. have A mata pramANe vyavahArika DahApaNamAM sadAcAra gaNAya che, ane sadAcAra ane svArtha vacce saMpUrNa meLa che ema lekhAya che. paraMtu jo ke AvA maMtavyamAM kAMIka satya samAyeluM che, tathApi tethI ApaNe chetarAI javAnuM nathI, kAraNa ke vyavahAranA bahu jUja pradezamAM e satyanI siddhi che. prathama samaSTarUpe prajAone e vAta lAgu paDatI nathI, kAraNa ke jo ke meja ane vilAsathI prajAnuM hRdaya-baLa khavAI jaI nirvIrya banI jAya che, tathApi prAcIna ane arvAcIna itihAsathI siddha thAya che ke jUlama, lobha, svArtha ane kapaTanA sevanathI paNa prajAnI AbAdI bahu vadhI zake che. vaLI jyAM sAmAjIka abhiprAyana Dara lekane hote nathI

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa. 37 ane "baLIyAnA be bhAga" vALI nIti jyAM pravartamAna hoya che tyAM paNa e satyanI siddhi thatI nathI. vaLI samAjanI atyaMta sudharelI dazAmAM paNa amuka aMze ja e satya lAgu paDe che. sabhya ane sudharelA samAjamAM sAmAnya sadAcAra pALavAthI sukha thAya che, niraMkuza rAgadveSathI duHkha thAya che, ane samAjanA kAyadAno bhaMga karavA karatAM temane tAbe rahevAthI phAyado thAya che. meTA gunAnI zikSA thAya che, paraMtu je durAcArathI taMdurastI athavA pratiSThAne kAMI hAni pahoMcatI nathI evA jarIka durAcAranI meja je mANe che te vyavahAramAM lahera kare che. kharuM kahIe te sudharelA samAna jamAM paNa daMbha, DeLa ane gupta durAcAra kAMI ocho cAlatuM nathI. tethI ulaTuM, utsAhapUrvaka athavA du:kha khamIne paNa je uMcI pratinuM AcaraNa rAkhe che te lokapriya thato nathI. pramANikatAmAM kuzaLa vyavahAra-nIti che, e sUtranA nirAkaraNano AdhAra pilisa khAtAnA sAmarthya upara che. ujaLA lUgaDAM paherIne ane chAtI kADhIne cAlatA mANasanuM jIvana barAbara tapAsavAmAM Ave, te ghaNI vakhata te gupta durAcArathI kharaDAeluM mAlama paDaze. paNa Atmabhoga ApanArA sadAcArano pAyo te jUdA ja hoya che. kaI paNa rUpe sukha ja je aMdagInI mukhya matalaba hoya to mAphakasara madhyamatA ja ApaNuM jIvanane mukhya maMtra bezaka thAya che. paNa madhyamatA AtmabhAga ane durAcAra banenI virodhI che. buddhinI ke nItinI khubIne koI paNa prakAra e nathI ke jene madhyama rIte keLavatAM temAM sAmAnya rIte sukha upajAvavAnuM vaLaNu na hoya. paraMtu madhyamatA oLaMgI jatAM temAMthI duHkha thAya che e vAta paNa prasiddha che. vidvAna mANasanA AnaMdane bhaMDAra akhUTa che e vAta kharI, paNa eTalA mATe atyaMta vidvattAnI dazA sukhane anukULa che ema mAnavuM bhUla bhareluM che. ati mAnasika parizramathI jJAna taMtue rAgI ane cIDIyA thaI jAya che, ajJAna ane mithyAbhimAnanuM kaMTALA bhareluM ane zarIrane tAvI nAMkhatuM bhAna rahe che, ane gaMbhIra ane paNa pachI me jAte rahetAM ane apUrNatA rahetAM rAjarSi bhartuharinI mAphaka vidvAnane belavAne avakAza rahe che ke jhAjhA DahApaNamAM jhAjhI gama

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. gInI che ane je jJAna vadhAravA jAya che tene saMtApa paNa vadhe che. AcaraNanA pradezamAM paNa e ja vAta spaSTa che. bahu kaSTa vinA je sadAcAra pALI zakAya che ane bahu prayAsa vinA je TakI zake che te sadAcAra sukhano vadhAremAM vadhAre sAdhaka thAya che e spaSTa che. kudaratanI ane kAyadAnI zikSA durAcAranA moTA ane haDahaDatA prasaMge ja thAya che. sAmAjIka zikSA kadi uMcI pratimA sadAcArane paNa thAya che. samAjanA hAnikAraka rivAjane mAna nahi ApanArA sArA mANasanI geraAbarU ane avagaNanA thAya che. janahitavAdIo kahe che ke samAjanA vicAranI sAthe manuSyanI ekatA eka divasa evI thaze ke tene lIdhe samAjanI virUddha saghaLI lAgaNIo dabAI jaze, paNa A ekatAne lIdhe ja mANase atyaMta sadAcArI ke atyaMta durAcArI nahi thaI zake, kAraNa ke pitAnA sukhanI khAtara samAjanA sAmAnya abhiprAyanI virUddha vartana karavAnuM mana koIne nahi thAya. Ama durAcAranI sAthe sadAcArane paNa dabAI javAne prasaMga Avaze. tame kaheze ke saMpUrNa sadAcArI mANasanA mananI svasthatA e sukhane je uMcAmAM uMco prakAra che, ane vyAvahArika lAbha ane samAjanI zAbAsI meLavavA karatAM tevI svasthata meLavavI vAstavika rIte vadhAre sArI lekhAya. paNa tevI saMpUrNa svasthatA kaI prApta karI zakatuM nathI, ane tenI jhAMkhI paNa kaikane ja thaI zake che. jyAre koI mANasanI duSTa vRttio ghaNI prabaLa thAya che tyAre tene svabhAva che tenA karatAM jo asalathI ja bhinna hota te te vadhAre sukhI thAta ema te duHkhIAne kahevuM nirarthaka che. je sukhanI prApti ja tenI matalaba hoya, te jevo hoya te paNa tenA svabhAvamAMthI ja te prApta karavAno prayAsa karyA vinA tene bIjo upAya nathI; tethI te duSTa vRttione kAMIka teDa kADhayA vinA tene zAMti thavAnI nathI. arthAta ApaNI prakRtinA guNa paratve ja nItine A svArtha-siddhAMta lAgu paDe che, paNa pratinI sAme thaI je uttama pratine sadAcAra paLAya che temAM e nakAme che. ApaNI zubha vRttione keLavatAM eka jAtano AnaMda ApaNane thAya che e nisaMzaya che, paraMtu duSTa vRttione dabAvI devAmAM bezaka evuM sukha

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. prApta thatuM nathI. AkhI jIMdagI paryata kare kAMIka ane Icache tethI virUddha evAM paNa mANasa hoya che. AvAM mANasane sadAcArI thavA mATe sukhane bhoga Avazyaka che, kAraNa ke kudaratI vikAronI madhyamasara tRpti karatAM je sahana karavuM paDe che, tenA karatAM temanI sAme thatAM ghaNuM vadhAre sahana karavuM paDe che. kharI vAta e che ke atyaMta sadAcArI jIvana A duniyAmAM mANasanA sukhanuM upakAraka thAya che ja e kathananA jevuM haDahaDatuM jUThuM bIjuM koI nathI. svabhAva ane saMjoganA baLe eka mANasa piotAnI jAta bhAdaenA sukhamAM pitAnuM moTAmAM moTuM sukha mAne ane bIjo mANasa temanI durdazAmAM pitAnuM sukha mAne, ane A bIjo mANasa je pitAnA lAbhane anusarI varate te temAMthI upajatA pariNAma bAbata janahitavAdIne game teTale aphasosa thAya paNa tene Thapako ApavAne ke tenA pratye aNagame batAvavAne te janahitavAdIne kaze haka nathI. kAraNa ke janahita vAdIne mukhya siddhAMta ja e che ke mANasanI pravRtti pitAnA moTAmAM moTA sukhanA AzayathI ja thAya che. * vaLI pApa karatAM hRdayamAM becenI ane duHkha sAmAnya rIte bezaka thAya che, paNa te gunAnI gaMbhIratAnA pramANamAM hatAM nathI. majA taMtuonI avyavasthAne lIdhe ghaNuM karIne svabhAvamAM cIDIApaNuM Ave che; paNa A cIDIApaNAne lIdhe agara DhIla ke DhacupaNAne lIdhe hRdayane bhraSTa karI nAkhe evA keTalAka atyaMta kharAba durAcAra karatAM paNa vizeSa duHkha ghaNIvAra thAya che. sadAcArI mANasane khinna svabhAva chaMdagImAM jherarUpa kadi thaI paDe, ane svArthI lucco mANasa svabhAvanI caMcaLatAne lIdhe saMsAramAM lAbha pAmI jAya ane sukhI thAya. paraMtu ahIM hArTalInA anuyAyIo kaheze ke sukha duHkhanI gaNatrI karavAmAM manodevatAnA DaMkhanI vAta tame dhyAnamAM rAkhatA nathI. AjubAjune vicAra rAkhIne pitAnA duSTa mane vikAranI madhyama rIte tRpti karatAM pitAnA cittanI svasthatA vadhatI koI mANasane lAge, te teja

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. vakhate pitAnI mane devatAnA DaMkhanI vedanA evI te tIvra ene thaze ke tene lIdhe e durAcAramAM e pravRtta thaze nahi. have mane devatAnI satyatAnI ane tethI thatA sukha duHkhanI AMtaravAdIoe nA kadi kahI nathI ane kahetA nathI. paNa A sukha duHkhanI sattA evI prabaLa che athavA ApaNA AcAra pratye evuM pramANa teo jALavI rAkhe che ke tethI karIne mANasanI pravRtti sadA sadAcAramAM ja thAya che e vAtanI teo nA kahe che, ane A bAbatanI satyatA mATe teo AMtara pratyakSanI sAkSI Ape che. mane devatAne ApaNA svabhAvanuM mULa tatva mAnIe agara vicAra-saMgatinuM kuLa mAnIe, paraMtu teno adhikAra be prakArane spaSTa che. prathama to kharA boTAne bheda e kahI Ape che, ane bIje amuka aMze duHkha ane becenI e upajAve che. prathama adhikAra manuSyanI jIMdagImAM e satata bhogave che, bIjo adhikAra khAsa saMjogomAM ja e bhogavI zake che. dIvAne na hoya te pahelA durAcAranuM durAcArIne bhAna te thAya che, paNa tethI tenuM hRdaya tene DaMkhI zakatuM nathI. kAralAIla kahe che tema, kalejAnI sattA karatAM manodevatAnI sattA manuSyanA sukha upara ocho adhikAra bhogave che. manadevatAnI vedanA aNagamAnI vRttine bahu maLatI che. halAlakhorane dhaMdhe bIjA koIne kare gamaze nahi, paNa halAlakhorane tene aNagame hoto nathI. te ja pramANe pedhelA durAcArImAM durAcArane DaMkha jato rahyo hoya che. saceta hRdayanI ane hI lhIne cAlanArI guNI bALA AjJAbhaMga ke chokavAdInA pitAnA ekAdA kArya pratye paNa nA pasaMda najarathI joze, paraMtu gunAmAM racIpacI rahetA duSTa harAmakhoranI manodevatA te bAbatamAM gAma ja gaelI hoya che. vicAra-sAhacaryanA baLe bhale manuSyamAM evI eka vRtti ubhI thatI hoya ke jethI karIne svAbhAvika rIte du:khada vastu sukhada lAge ane sukhada vastu duHkhada lAge; paNa prazna e thAya che ke e vRttine manuSya zA mATe mAna ApavuM ? bAhya-anubhavavAdInA mata pramANe te svAbhAvika kartavya jevI koI vastu ja nathI. jIMdagImAM mANase pitAnuM sukha zodhavA ja tatpara

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AcaraNano svabhAvasiddha itihAsa. 41 hoya che. ApaNuM svabhAvanI racanAne lIdhe ane arasaparasa ApaNuM sAmAjIka saMbaMdhonI nikaTatAne lIdhe, ApaNuM ja sukhane mATe keTalAMka tAtkALika sukho ApaNe tajI devAM paDe che ane keTalAka duHkhada AcAra pALavA paDe che evA avalokanamAMthI sadAcAranuM AkhuM maMdIra upajI Ave che. tethI hArTalInA naitika rasAyanathI ApaNe vRttionAM game tevA veSAMtara ke rUpAMtara thatAM hoya, paraMtu temAM aMte svArtha ja sadAcAranuM prayojana rahe che. bIjAne sukha thAo vA duHkha thAo; paNa ApaNane aMte sukha thatuM hoya che tevA vartanamAM nIti ja che, e A matanuM aMtima rahasya rahe che, samAja ane svabhAvane thAbaDI banI zake teTaluM sukha meLavavuM e Ama manuSyanuM kartavya thAya che. ane tethI dareka mANase potAnA svabhAvanI evI vyavasthA karI levI ke jethI tene vadhAremAM vadhAre sukha maLe. vicAra-sAhacaryanA baLe evI koI Teva tenAmAM paDI gaI hoya ke jethI ekaMdare tene sukha karatAM duHkha vadhAre thAya che evI Tevane tyAga karavAmAM tene lAbha che; ane tenuM kartavya paNa eTaluM ja che. ane janahitavAdamAM kartavya zabdano artha paNa eTaleja thAya che. A kartavya je na kare te mUrkha kahevAya. ane durAcAra eTale mUkha-eTaluMja janahitavAdIthI bolI zakAze. A pramANe kartavyanI vAstavika vyAkhyA A mata ApI zakatA nathI. kharuM kartavya to mane devatAnI AjJAnuM yathArtha pAlana karavAmAM che. tenA sukha duHkhane prazna kartavyanA praznathI tadana nirALo che. ekaMdare joIe te mane devatAthI sukha karatAM duHkha kadAca vadhAre thatuM hoya che. tenI zAbAzI karatAM tenA ThapakA vadhAre tIvra lAge che. ane kartavyano nahi, paNa kevaLa sukhane ja vicAra karavA besIe, te mane devatAne vAraMvAra lapaDAka mArI tenA DaMkhanI vedanAne dabAvI daI daDha durAcArI ghaNIvAra saMsAramAM sukhI thato jovAmAM Ave che. potAnI bhAre lAyakAtano AnaMdathI vicAra karatAM sadAcArI mANasane AtmA Apa zAbAsIthI * janahitavAda pramANe A5-zAbAsI e sadAcAranuM moTAmAM moTuM prayojana che. paNa viveka, namratA ane zaramALapaNAthI Apa-zAbAsIne AnaMda che te hevAthI temanAthI vadhAre nukasAnakAraka ke gunAhita bIjuM kAMI hoI zake nahi.

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jara yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. . prasanna rahe che e vAtanuM khAna nItizAstrIo bahu kare che, paNa vyavahAramAM e anubhava bhAgye ja thAya che. vyavahAramAM ati svastha cittane mANasa sadAcAramAM ati saMpUrNa svabhAvane kavacita ja hoya che. nItimAM mANasa jema jema AgaLa vadhatuM jAya che tema tema nIti paratve tenI lAgaNuM sUkSmatara ane tIvratara thatI jAya che; ane Apa-zAbAsInI relachelane aMkuzamAM rAkhavA viveka ane namratAnI vRtti sarvottama sadAcArI mANasamAM hamezAM hAjara hoya che. arthAta A ApazAbAsInuM sukha kartavyanA vicAranuM virodhI che. AcaraNanA ane dharmanA dareka kharA siddhAMtamAM, sadAcAranA pravartaka hetuo upara cittanI ekAgratA jema jema vadhAre thatI jAya che tema tema te hetuo vadhAre baLavAna thatA jAya che. jyAre teo najaramAM rahetA nathI, jyAre rAgadeSathI gherAi teo aspaSTa thaI jAya che, jyAre teonuM bhAna rahetuM nathI athavA te bhUlI javAya che, tyAre ja mAtra temane vyApAra baMdha paDe che ane AcaraNamAM pratIta thatAM aTakI jAya che. paraMtu janahitavAdanA sadAcArane vicAra e che ke jema jema tenAM mULa ane svabhAva vicAramAM spaSTa thatAM jAya, tema tema cAritrya upara tenI asara ochI thatI javI joIe. Idriyajanya AnaMdo hamezAM viveka kaiivA pRtha karaNanA baLanI avagaNanA karaze, kAraNa ke ApaNuM jIvanamAM temano vAstavika pAyo che. anAdi kALathI vastusthiti evIja che. paraMtu sadAcaraNathI je AnaMdanI prApti ApaNane thAya che te AnaMdano pAyo A janahitavAda pramANe tadana jUdAja che. prAsaMgika ane kRtrima vicAra-saMgatinuM te pariNAma che; TevanuM, sAdhanane uddeza mAnatI kalpanAnI gerasamajanuM, je kAryo ane guNe samAjane upayogI che temane samAjathI apAtA gauravanuM, phaLa che. jema jema A vAta hRdayamAM utaratI jAya che, jema jema svAbhAvika sarvottamatA ane naitika baMdhananA vicArathI sadAcAranA vicArane aMta:karaNa pRthak karatuM jAya che ane temane saMbadha kevaLa kRtrima che ema manane spaSTa thatuM jAya che, tema tema naitika hetunuM niyAmaka baLa

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AcaraNano svabhAva siddha itihAsa. naSTa thatuM jaze. kAryomAM ane baMdhAI gaelA svabhAvamAM rahelAM sukha vadhAravA ke ghaTADavAnA valaNathI temanI nItinuM mApa karavAne janahitavAdIne kAyado, athavA "mANase evuM vartana rAkhavuM joIe ke temAM samAelA kAnunane sarva buddhizALI manuSya kAyadA tarIke svIkAre' e kenTanuM sUtra, jIdagImAM eka mArgadarzaka tarIke kadAca ghaNuM upayogI haze; paNa temane naitika vajana prApta thAya eTalA mATe naitika baMdhananI lAgaNI temanAthI prathama hevAnI jarUra che; arthAta kartavyanI jANa thAya tyAre te pramANe jIdagImAM vartavAnI ApaNI pharaja che enuM bhAna prathama svIkAravuM joIe. ane vivekabuddhinI najaramAM, A tAva kevaLa kRtrima vicAra-sAhacarya kadi pUruM pADI zakatuM nathI. Ama nyAyazAstranI dRSTie jotAM, A siddhAMta nItine udho. vALanAre ja nIvaDe che; ane vizeSe karIne svArtha-tyAga ane uMcI pratinA hiMmatavAna sadAcArane te bahu pratikULa che. A sadAcArane temAM avakAza maLato hoya to paNa temanuM vAjabIpaNuM te matamAM siddha thatuM ja nathI. manedevatAne utpattimAna vRtti mAnavAthI te mane devatA rahetI nathI; ane kaI AMtaravAdI e vAta kabula karaze nahi. je keTalIka vRttio ApaNAmAM atyAre che temanI utpattine khulAso Apavo eTaluM ja kAma nItivettAnuM che ema mAnavuM kevaLa bhUla bhareluM che. saghaLA AcaraNanA mULamAM eka evI mAnasika buddhi rahelI che ke je spaSTa rIte priyatA ke apriyatAnI ApaNI lAgaNIthI, sukha ke duHkhathI, tadana bhinna che. pitAnI koI nirdoSa ithI jyAre mANasane koI nukasAna thAya che athavA sAmAjIka keI kAyadAne bhaga ajANatAM tenAthI thaI jAya che tyAre kadi manamAM ghaNe dilagIra banI te zaramAI jAya che; chatAM teNe koI pApa karyuM nathI ema e sArI rIte samaje che. kartavya ane tenI sarvopari sattAnuM bhAna mane devatAnuM khAsa lakSaNa che ane A lakSaNa vaDeja ApaNA svabhAvanA sadhaLA aMzathI te bhinna thAya che; paNa e bhAnanI spaSTatA vicAsAhacaryanA niyamathI balakula thatI nathI. amuka vartana sukhakAraka che ane je vRttione lIdhe

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, mANasa te vartanamAM prerAya che temane nirbaLa karatAM amuka aMze dukha thAya che ema kahevuM, ane te vartana karavAnuM mANasanuM kartavya che ema kahevuM, e banne vAta bhinna bhinna che e spaSTa che. hArTalIne sadAcAra aMte kalpanAne roga ja che. lebha vRtti karatAM samAjane e vadhAre lAbhakAraka kadAca thato haze, paNa banenI racanAno prakAra eka ja che; ane bannenuM baMdhana-baLa barAbara sarakhe ja aMze che. hoTalInA mata pramANe potAnI manedevatAnI AjJA pramANe je kAI na cAle to tene durAcArI kahI zakAya nahi. janahitavAdIo kahe che ke svArthathI svataMtra kartavyane kAMI artha ja thatuM nathI, kAraNa ke je kArya na karavAthI ApaNane kAMI kharAba pariNAma Ave nahi te karavAnI ApaNane pharaja che ema kahevAmAM mUrkhAI che. paraMtu A lIlane javAba Apo have saheluM che. kartavyane kAyado paLAvavAmAM dAna ane daMDa sahAyabhUta thAya che e vAta kharI, paNa kartavyanA svabhAvanAM te Avazyaka to nathI. ane A vAta sAmAnya lakene svataH siddha ja lAge che. AMtaravAdIo eTaluM ja kahe che ke keTalAMka AcaraNe bIjA karatAM vadhAre sArAM, uttama ane ucA prakAranAM hoya che e jJAna ApaNane AMtara pratyakSathI ja siddha che; ApaNA jIvananA baMdhAraNane laine A vAta sukha ke duHkhanI apekSAthI atyaMta bhinna che; ane ApaNuM pravRttinuM prayojana te thaI zake, thavuM joIe ane vAraMvAra thAya che. uttama rasto mUkIne mANasa kadAca adhama rasto grahaNa kare e vAta bane evI che. ane tema thAya to tene zikSA thavI yogya che ema ApaNe kahIe chIe, ane na thAya te te vAtane ApaNe geravAjabI gaNIe chIe, paraMtu tene dAna ke daMDa devA keI uparI sattA na hoya, te paNa tethI tenAM khAtaTastha thaI jatAM nathI. tenAM sArAM kAmanI stuti ke naThArAM kAmanI niMdA baM thAya te paNa te anukrame sArAM ane naThArAM che ja ane raheze. sukha sivAya anya hetu pasaMda karavAnI mANasanI zakti che ke kema e prazane nirNaya aMte AMtara-prakAzanA bhAge rahevA devo joIe. sadAaranI pachavADe game teTaluM sukha AvatuM hoya, paraMtu koIpaNa svAthI

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AcaraNano svabhAva siddha ItihAsa. 45 uddezathI svataMtra sadAcAranI pasaMdagI thAya che e vAta lekanA sAmAnya abhiprAyathI virUddhaja che. ane kartavyanI prabaLa lAgaNIo ane prabaLa rAga TheSa vacce jyAM virodha hoto nathI tyAM paNa sukhanA dhoraNathI sadAcAranA aMzanuM mApa karavuM azakaya che. sarvottama sadAcArI mANasa atyaMta sukhI kavacita ja hoya che. "du:khI mANasa" rUpe pitAnuM parama prAptavya Aja aDhAra varSathI khristi dharma svIkAryuM che. upara batAvelI dalIlone lIdhe AMtaravAdIo janahitavAdano tyAga kare che. manuSyane sukha upajAvatA kAryo nItimAna havAnI teo nA nathI kahetA. paNa teo ema kahe che ke kAcanI nIti paratve thatI upalabdhi ApaNane aMtaramAM pratyakSa ane svabhAva-siddha na hota to ApaNuM svAInI sAthe manuSyanA sukhano virodha Avato hoya tyAre paNa temanuM sukha zodhavAnuM ApaNuM kartavya che e vAta ApaNane kadi paNa samajAta nahi ane upayogitAne lIdhe ja mANasano saddaguNa khIlI nIkaLe che athavA tenA pramANamAM ja avazya karIne sadAcAranI kiMmata che e vAtanI teo nA pADe che. teo kabula kare che ke samAjanI hAlanI sthitimAM sadAcAra ane AbAdInA mArga sAmAnya rIte eka hoya che. paraMtu temanI dalIla evI che ke e banne mArga vAstavika rIte bhinna bhinna che, ane tethI samAjanI vyavasthAmAM game tevI uthalapAthala thAya te paNa ApaNuM kartavyano vicAra to che teno te ja rahevAne; saMtAnanA amalamAM paNa te vicAramAM koI pheraphAra thavo zakaya nathI. gaNatrI ke Tevatho sadAcAra kAMIka vizeSa che. nItinA mULa niyamone che tenAthI ulaTA prakArane khyAla Ava paNa azakya che. sadaza vRttione eka mAnI levAnI bhUla karavAnuM prabaLa valaNa mANasamAM hovA chatAM, kartavyanuM bhAna ane upagitAnuM bhAna manuSyanI samajaNamAM tadana bhinna rahe che ane dareka kAryamAM A be tane judA pADavA ApaNe samartha chIe ja. zuravIra zatru pratye upajatuM mAna, vizvAsaghAtI mANasa upayogI hoya chatAM tenA pratye thato dhikkAra, maratI vakhate priya pezIonA kalyANa mATe rahetI

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yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. kALajI, jANI joIne karelI ane ajANatAM thaelI IjA vacce temaja zanI AvazyaktA, svArthanA aMzathI avazya ochI thatI nItinI kiMmata, AbarU ke upakAranA prasaMge je mANasa potAnA svArthanI gaNatrI karavA bese tenA pratye upajate dha, bIjA badhA manobhAvathI kAMI judA ja prakArane thate pazcAtApane prabhAva, ityAdi enI meLe upajatA ane sArvatriko abhiprAyathI ema ja siddha thAya che ke svArtha vRtti ane sadAcAranI vRttimAM ghaNe phera che. sukha zodhavuM ane duHkha tajavuM, evuM ApaNuM svabhAvanuM baMdhAraNa che; te sivAya jema tene mATe bIjuM kAraNa ApI zakAtuM nathI, tevI ja rIte "vAjabI' ane 'geravAjabI " zabda paNa ApaNA jIvananA aMtima buddhigrAhya prayojanonuM ApaNane bhAna karAve che. A prajane bIjathI kevaLa bhinna che, uMcA prakAranA che ane kartavyanuM bhAna temanI sAthe joDAeluM che, evuM bhAna ApaNane thAya che. nItinA je siddhAMtamAM A hakIkata kahI na hoya te siddhAMta, je vRttionuM ApaNane aMtaramAM bhAna thAya che temanuM barAbara ane yathAsthita khyAna karavAmAM niSphaLa thAya che. vyAje nANuM ApavAmAM jema udAratAM lekhAtI nathI, tema koIpaNa sukha meLavavAnI AzAe ApelA sukhanA bhogane sadAcAra koI kahetuM nathI. zuddha niHsvArtha vinA saguNa aMza banatA ja nathI. ane nItinA jAjavalyamAna kAryo pratye je AvirbhAva ApaNane thAya che, te saghaLAnuM mULa e ja che. duHkha ane saMkaTa tathA mAnasika vedanA ane akALa mRtyu bhogavIne, ane muA pachI maLavAnA badalAnI AzA vinA jene pite nItino mArga gaNe che te mArganuM grahaNa mANasathI thaI zake ema che ema ApaNane lAge che. ApaNA jIvanane e mahAna khAsa haka che, ane mAnuSI ane daivI prakRtiene tyAM milApa thAya che. chatAM janahitavAda pratye loka AkarSAya che tenuM eka kAraNa e che ke je naitika guNanI utpatti e siddhAMtathI ghaNuM karIne thaI zake ema ApaNane lAge che te guNene AvirbhAva samAjanI amuka avasthAmAM enI

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* AvaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. - ~ meLe thAya che, jenAM mana Ama janahitavAdane mATe AgaLathIja taiyAra thaI rahelAM hoya che. bIjuM kAraNa buddhinuM AkarSaNa che, kAraNa ke tenI mohaka sAdAI ane saraLatAthI ghaNAM mANasanI buddhi ajAI jAya che. jana-svabhAvamAM rahelI bhinna bhinna zakitao ane mizra vyApAre eja siddhAMta athavA paddhatine vaza che e dAve te kare che; ane e vicAra lokone ghaNe saraLa ane mohaka lAge che. tethIja chellA saikAmAM ikiyavijJAna vAda ghaNe kapriya thaI paDyo hato, ane tethI ja A zALAnA ghaNA kharA tatvaciMtaka jana-svabhAvamAM rahelA dvatanI nA pADavA prerAyA hatA. paraMtu kevaLa saraLatA nItinI bAbatamAM khAsa karIne jokhamakAraka nIvaDe che; kAraNa ke ApaNI naitika manovRttionA vyApAra eka bIjAmAM bhaLAI jatA hovAthI ane darekanAM aneka rUpAMtara thaI zakatAM hovAthI, darekamAMthI bIjI badhInI utpattine khulAso kaIne kaI rIte ApI zakAya che. A pramANe jyAre hajha, svArthanA siddhAMtanA nAme kahe che ke bIjAnIM AphatanA bhAnathI upajatI ApaNA pitAnA upara bhAvi AphatanI kalpanAnuM nAma dayA che; papakAranA siddhAMtanA nAme jyAre hacIsana kahe che ke bIjA upara julama karavA ApaNe uzkerAIe chIe ane tethI paropakAra vRtti zithila thaI jAya che; e durAcAranI durAcAratA che; vaLI ApaNA svabhAvanI sarvotkRSTatAne bacAva karatAM keTalAka jyAre ema kahe che ke dayAthI ete uttama prakArane AnaMda thAya che ke te lAga ne saMtoSavAnI khAtara ApaNuM krara kRtyo thAya che, tyAre A dareka siddhAMtamAM vicitratA chatAM, mAnasazAstranI dRSTie jotAM bezaka temAM kAMIka satya che kharuM. bhaviSyanA duHkhanI jene tIvra dhAratI rahe che tenA hRdayane bIjAnuM duHkha joI AMcaka lAge che. je mANasane paropakAranI tIvra lAgaNIo hoya che te bIjAnuM bUruM karavAmAM pravRtta thatuM nathI, ane dayAmAM AnaMdano aMza rahe che e vAta paNa kharI che, ane koI mANasamAM e aza vakhate evo tIvra banI jAya che. tenI khAtara gune paNa te kare. paNa A badhuM apavAda rUpa hoya che ane A apavAdane niyama

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48 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. gaNuM levAmAM ane je rIte e pariNAma upajI Ave che te rItanuM TuM khyAna karavAmAM e siddhAMtanI bhUla thAya che. ApaNAmAM atyAre je naitika manebhAva rahelA hoya temane sAbIta karI ApavA ane pachI te kema racAyA haze tenuM kevaLa tarkanA AdhAre anumAna bAMdhavuM eTaluMja kAma mAtra nItinA tatvaciMtanamAM avelekananuM nathI, paraMtu temanI racanAnI badhI avasthAonuM bArIka avalokana thavuM joIe. vaLI pitAno mata anubhavajanya che ema anubhavavAdIo kahe che, paraMtu anubhava zabdano artha paNa spaSTa thavAnI jarUra che. kharuM beTuM jANavAnI kaI svabhAvasiddha zakti ke vRtti ApaNAmAM rahetI nathI ane vartananA jUdA jUdA prakAramAM kharuM sukha vadhAravAnuM ochuM karavAnuM je valaNa raheluM che te valaNanA anubhava uparathI ja kharA khoTAne khyAla ApaNane Ave. che ema je mAnato hoya tene ja nItizAstramAM yathArtha anubhavavAdI kahevAya. chatAM keTalAka ema mAnatA jaNAya che ke ApaNuM naitika vicAronA mULane nirNaya anubhava kivA vyApti-prayojaka anumAnathI thavo joIe e vAta mAtra anubhavavAdIo ja svIkAre che. paraMtu A mAnyatA kevaLa bhUla bharelI che, kAraNa ke e arthamAM te AMtaravAdIo paNa anubhavavAdI ja che. AcaraNane pAyo ane tenA siddhAMtane pAye e bhinna bhinna vAta che. je vAdIo naitika zaktinuM astitva mAne che teo anubhavathI svataMtra pitAnA siddhAMtonA sUtra tarIke e vAtane svIkArI letA nathI, paraMtu vyApti-prayojaka anumAnane sakhta prayoga karyA pachI ja tenuM satya teo mAne che. pitAnI vartamAna naitika vRttione tapAsI temanuM pRthakkaraNa ane vargIkaraNa teo kare che, bIjI vRttiothI A vRttio kevI rIte jUdI che teno nirNaya kare che, jUdA jUdA manabhAvane pagale pagale cAlI temanuM nirIkSaNa kare che, ane jyAre temane mAluma paDe che ke bIjI vRttiothI teo atyaMta bhinna che ane AgaLa temanuM pRththakaraNa thaI zakatuM nathI tyAre ja temane eka khAsa zakitanA havAlAmAM teo seMpI de che.

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha ItihAsa. - 49 chevaTanA pRthakkaraNamAM ApaNuM saghaLI vRttione eka bIjAthI bhinna bhinna karI Ape che eTale ja artha "naitika zakti"ne thAya che. ApaNAmAM naitika zakti rahelI che ema kahevAmAM AMtaravAdIone Azaya evo nathI ke zarIranA avayavanI peThe aMtaHkaraNamAM te paNa eka bhinna ane spaSTa avayava che. AvI jaDavAcaka kapanAnI ApaNane koI mAhitI nathI. "zakti zabda mAtra vargIkaraNaneja vAcaka che. ApaNAmAM rahelA cetana padArthanI sattAne lIdhe jANavAnI, anubhavavAnI ane nizcaya karavAnI ApaNAmAM zaktio rahelI che ema bolavAnuM tAtparya evuM nathI ke gharanA oraDAonI peThe te zaktionAM paNa ApaNA aMtaHkaraNamAM judAM judAM khAnAM che. ApaNuM vyakitatva te AkhuM ane ekaja che. tenA bhAga pADI zakAtA nathI. paraMtu te zaktionuM bhAna ekaMdare ApaNane jUduM juduM thAya che. naitika zakti rasika vRttithI bhinna che ema kahevAmAM matalaba eTalI ja che ke naitika uttamatA viSe ataHkaraNa amuka prakAranA abhiprAya Ape che ane auMdarya paratve anya prakAranA abhiprAya e Ape che. naitika pratyakSa ApaNA svabhAvanA kayA bhAgane thAya che e praznanuM rahasya eTaluM ja che ke mAnasika darzanenI kyI paripATIne teo ghaNAja maLatA Ave che ? ATalI vAta je barAbara dhyAnamAM rAkhavAmAM Ave te AMtaravAdIonuM dekhItuM matabhinatva bahu ochuM lAgaze, kAraNa ke naitika manabhAvanuM koI eka lakSaNa mAtra spaSTa karavA dareka zAkhA mathe che. dAkhalA tarIke baTalara kahe che ke kartavyanA bhAnane lIdhe naitika manobhAva bIjA badhA manebhAvathI jUdA tarI Ave che. tethI ApaNuM AcAra upara temanI sarvopari sattA che. A sarvopari sattA je zaktinA havAlAmAM che te zaktinuM nAma mane devatA. eDama mitha ItyAdi lekhakane naitika mane bhAvamAM rahelI sahRdayatA AkarSaka lAgI. svAbhAvika rIte ja ApaNane dayAnuM AkarSaNa thAya che, ane krUratAne aNagamo hoya che. tethI kharA khoTAne bheda kahetI zaktimAM viveka buddhinuM tattva nathI ema teNe kahyuM. paraMtu kaDavartha, kenTa ItyAdine A pRthakkaraNa yathArita na lAgyuM. nyAya, dayA, satyatAdi sad--

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50 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. guNamAM ApaNane AkarSavAnI zakti che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa te khasusa karIne ane avika rIte sArAja che; temanA tevA havAne AdhAra ApaNe baMdhAraNe upara ke baMdhAraNane laIne nathI; ane te kadi paNa durAcAra thAya athavA tethI ulaTA guNe kadi paNa sadAcAra thAya e vAta azakya che evuM buddhi-pratyakSa paNa ApaNane thAya che. tethI teo buddhinAM sahaja jJAna che. kalArka kahe che ke ApaNA svabhAvanI zaktiomAM vadhatA ochA gauravanakrama che ane vastuonI prakRti sAthe ekarAga rahevAmAM sadAcAra che. volesTana kahe che ke sadAcAra mAtra satyanA prakAra che ane hacIsana kahe che ke e zubhecchAnA prakAra che; ane A vAtamAM "naitika Idriya" saMmata thaI te svIkAre che. A naitika Idriyane zephaTasabarI ItyAdi naitika rasajJatA kahe che. rIDanA nItizAstramAM naitika Idriya ke zakti pAyArUpa che. hayuma janahita vAdI che; chatAM e kahe che ke kAryanI upayogitAnuM bhAna ApaNane A naitika IdriyethI thAya che. keTalAka kahe che ke ApaNA naitika pheMsalAmAM buddhino nirNaya ane hRdayane AvirbhAva bane hoya che. AthI AgaLa jaI keTalAka kahe che ke A be to judI judI jAtanA sadAcAramAM jUde jUda aMze lAgu paDe che. lairDa kaImsa kahe che ke nyAya ane satyAdi keTaloka sadAcAramAM kharA khoTAnuM ApaNuM buddhi-pratyakSa saMpUrNa baMdhanakAraka che. ane tethI temanA bhagamAM spaSTa gune thAya che. paraMtu zubhecchA ke sakhAvata jevA sadAcAramAM AkarSaNa ke lAgaNI vadhAre prabaLa hoya che ane temAM naitika baMdhana apUrNa prakAranuM hoya che. keTalAka kahe che ke nItinA ane sAMdaryanA anubhavamAM ghaNuM sAmya che. A bAbata vicAravA jevI che. nIti ane suMdaratAne nikaTa saMbaMdha mANasane hamezAM lAge che. pleTe kahe che ke nItinI suMdaratA evA sarvoparI namuno che ke bIje badhAM dazya sauMdarya tenI chAyA mAtra hoya che. nItinuM sauMdarya e zabdomAM yathArthatA ApaNane lAge che. ApaNane lAge che ke saiAMdaryanA judA judA prakAramAM judA judA saddaguNanI vAstavika sadazatA rahelI che ane kAvya ane vatRtvanA ghaNAkharA manahAritvane AdhAra

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sAdastha upara raheluM hoya che. vaLI ApaNane lAge che ke AkAzAdinI suMdaratA mAtra darzanathI ja ApaNane ApoApa siddha che, ane upayogitAnA bhAnathI e vAta tadana jUdIja che tathA upagitAnA vicArathI prApta thatI nathI; tethI. naitika bhAnanI peThe sauMdaryanuM bhAna paNa ApaNane sahaja ane tAtkAlika thAya che. vaLI ApaNuM mananA vyApAramAM uDA utarI ApaNe tapAsIe te ApaNane lAge che ke nItinI peThe sauMdaryanA bhAnamAM paNa buddhine aMza ane hRdayano bhAva rahelAM che. sukhanA vicAramAM tenI IcchAno ane kartavyanA vicAramAM te karavAno vicAra jema aMtargata che tema saudaryanA vicAramAM paNa sAnaMda premane AvirbhAva rahele ja che. vaLI sArA narasAnA bhedanI peThe suMdaratA ane virUpatAne bheda paNa saune spaSTa che. narasA karatAM sAruM ane virUpa karatAM suMdara vadhAre uttama che e vAta paNa sarvane nirvivAda che. vigata paratve keTalIka bAbatamAM matabheda jovAmAM Ave che e vAta kharI, tathApi vAstavika ekamatatA ghaNI vadhAre jovAmAM Ave che. bhinna bhinna dezamAM paNa uttama kAvya prati mANasonAM mana AkarSAyAM che. saMgItanI AlhAdaktA, suMdara strInA mukhanuM manehAritva, tArA vALA AkAzanI ke parvatanI bhavyatA, khaLa khaLa vahetA jharAnI mRdu muMdaratA, A sarvanI mahAni dareka jamAnAmAM manuSyoe anubhavI che ane anubhavaze. e ja pramANe sAhasika sadAcAra ane saddaguNanA namunAnI sarva kALamAM lekee vAha vAha kahI che ane kahezeja. nAnI nAnI bAbatamAM matabheda hovA chatAM meTI bAbatamAM te sArvatrikatA spaSTa ja che. ekaMdare siddhAMta te avikRtaja che. satyane durAcAra ke vyabhicArane sadAcAra koI kahetuM nathI; tema unALAnA ramaNIya sUryAstane virUpa ke ghaMTIgebAvALA manuSyanA mahene suMdara kaI kahetuM nathI. bane bAbatamAM je matabheda paDe che te moTe bhAge jamAnAnI bhinna bhinna aMze pragatine laIne paDe che. naitika dhAraNa amuka hadamAM ane janasamAjanA vikAsanI sAthe sAthe amuka niyameja badalAya che. jaMgalI dazAmAM sarvottama gaNAtA saddaguNa sudharelI dazAmAM dama vagaranA

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para ' yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. gaNAya che ane tethI ulaTuM, te dazAmAM gauNa gaNAtA saddaguNa sudharelI dizAmAM mukhya gaNAya che. vaLI keTalAka sadAcAra evA paNa hoya che ke je atyaMta sudharelI dazA sivAya mANasane samajAvA azakya che. vaLI keTalIka vakhata dayA ane nirdayatAdi sadAcAra ane durAcArano prazna mAtra ochA vadhatA sadAcArano ja prazna hoya che, ane sudhArAnI koI eka avasthAnuM raNa bIjI avasthAnA dhAraNa karatAM kadi bahu ucuM paNa hoya. eja pramANe vadhatA jatA sudhArAne lIdhe ApaNI rasika vRtimAM pheraphAra thato jAya che. jaMgalInI ane sudharelAnI rasika vRttimAM phera hoya che. deza dezanA rIvAjane lIdhe temanA paheravezamAM phera hoya che; raMganI pasaMdagI mAM paNa phera hoya che. rasika vRtti keLavAtAM tenA niyama paNa badalAtA jAya che. chatAM saMdaryanAM sAmAnya lakSaNo tenA teja rahe che. vaLI A banne bAbatemAM ghaNA matabhedanA kAraNe prAsaMgika paNa hoya che. koI vagavALA moTA mANasanA dekhAvanI ke pozAkanI vicitratAnuM anukaraNa ghaNI vakhata leke karavA mAMDe che ane kALa jatAM temAM rasajJatA gaNavA lAge che. evI ja rIte kaI prAsaMgika saMjoganA baLe ke taTastha kAryamAM moTe sadAcAra gaNuMvA lAge, te lekanI manodevatA paNa tene dhIme dhIme tevuM gaNavA lAge che ane pachI vadhAre vizALa nyAyabuddhine apIla karavAthI ja A bhUla sudharI zake che. pitAnA saMjoga ane sthitinA prabhAve dareka prajA seMdarya ane nIti paratve pitA potAnA ja namunApramANe bele che ane varate che ane tene bIjA karatAM svAbhAvika rIte ja vizeSa gaNe che. ujaDa parvatamAM vasanArI, cAre tarapha duzmanothI vIMTAelI, ane hiMmata jAgRti ane athAka baMdobastathIja je pitAnI svataMtratA jALavI rAkhe che, te prajA krUratA ane chaLakapaTa pratye kaThera najara nahi rAkhe; ane je prajA dhanavAna, videzIya humalAnI dhAstI rahita ane bahoLo vepAravALI heya te eja durAcArane jokhamakAraka gaNaze ane bIjAne sarvottama gaNaze. eja pramANe habasIonA ane rerAonA saMdaryanA vicAramAM

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa 53 phera hoya che. pitAnA saMjoganA baLe prajAnAM dhAraNa baMdhAya che ane vicAramAM phera paDe che ane amuka bAbatamAM rIta rIvAje evA daDha baMdhAI jAya che ke nAnI ane najIvI bAbatomAM paNa temanI asaramAMthI mukta thavuM muzkela thaI paDe che. gerapUjA karIne AvatI kanyAnuM citrita kapALa joIne yuropavAsIne kadAca hasavuM Avaze. keTalAka kahe che ke sauMdarya, bhavyatA ke rasika vRttine nAme upajatA koI paNa manobhAvathI mANasa mAtra AnaMdajanaka vicAramAM masta rahe che paNa tethI kAryamAM pravRtti thatI nathI, paraMtu naitika manebhAvathI te kAryamAM pravRtti thAya che e te bemAM meTe bheda che. paNa A dalIla banI che; kAraNa ke seMdaryanA bhAnamAM paNa pasaMdagI karavAnI zakti rahelI che, ane anya baLanI gerahAjarImAM e kAryamAM pravRtti thAya che. narasuM koIne gamatuM nathI; ane bhADuM ApavAnI zakti hoya te naThAruM ghara kaI bhADe rAkhatuM nathI. nIti ane saidayanA bhAnane anurUpa vartana mANaso karatAM na hoya to tenAM anya kAraNa hoya che. kharI vAta che ke upayogitAnA. vicArathI deravAI vakhate suMdaratAno bhoga ApaNe ApIe chIe, paNa nItino bhoga tevI sahelAithI ApaNe ApatA nathI; DhaMgadhaDA vinAnuM ghara bAMdhavAnI mANasa kadAca hA pADaze, paNa geraAbarUnuM kAma karavAnI te nA pADaze. chatAM duHkhanI lAgaNI thayA vinA suMdara vastu mUkIne virUpa vastu jANuM joIne koI pasaMda karatuM nathI, ane hArTalI AvA prakAranA duHkhane ja manadevatAnuM nAma Ape che ane koI mANasamAM suMdaratAnuM bhAna kadi evuM paNa prabaLa hoya ke jIva jAya to paNa e bhAnathI virUddha e nahi varate. banne vacce AvuM sAmya hovAthI nItine keTalAka lekhake sadane. ucAmAM uMco prakAra mAtra lekhe che. ane rasajJatAnI keLavaNIne nItinI keLavaNuM gaNe che. have A siddhAMta che ke janahitavAda karatAM sAro che. tathApi be vAtane lIdhe e paNa yathArtha nathI. prathama to dayA, zraddhA, bhakita ItyAdi sadAcAra pratye "suMdara zabdano prayoga jevo yathArtha lAge

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pa4 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. che tevo yathArtha e prayoga satya, pramANikatA ityAdi sadAcAra pratye lAgata nathI. kharuM kahIe te saidaryanuM bhAna ane temAMthI upajate AnaMdane A virbhAva, sAduM kartavya ke jethI mANasa satyaniSTha ane pramANika rahe che tenA karatAM ataranA utsAha ane lAgaNIne vadhAre vaLagelAM hoya che. bIjI vAta e che ke ApaNA svabhAvamAM mane devatAnI padavI advitIya che ane tethI meMdaryanA abhyAsathI naitika AcaraNa spaSTa rIte bhinna che. ApaNI dareka IdriyanA vyApArane pradeza maryAdita che, paNa mane devatAnuM kAma A-- paNI prakRtinA AkhA pradezanuM nirIkSaNa karavAnuM che; ane jUdA jUdA mane vikAra ane lAlasAonI tRptinI hada te bAMdhI Ape che. tethI ApaNuM AkhA jIvananuM niyamana tene adhIna che. tenI sattA kadi nAmanI hoya topaNa tethI tenA sarvoparIpaNAne hakaDubI jato nathI. jeTaluM enuM vAjabIpaNuM che teTaluM je enuM sAmarthya hota to AkhI duniyA upara ene amala jAmata. saghaLA manevikAra, lAlasA ane rasajJatAthI e taddana bhinna ane zreSTha che. tethI ja ApaNuM jIvana sarvoparI kAyade sadAcAra thAya che, ane tethIja nItimAM kartavyanI lAgaNI ApaNane rahe che. AMtaravAdIonA siddhAMtamAM ApaNe svabhAvanA ucca ane nIca vibhAgane bheda bahu agatyanuM sthAna bhogave che. paraMtu A bheda daSTAMtadvArAja samajAvI zakAya eve che; kAraNake e anubhavanI vAta che. mejamAM paNa keTalIka meja ucca hoya che ane keTalIka nIca hoya che, ane A bhedathI paNa jIvanamAM ApaNe prerAIe chIe e vAta paNa dAMtathI samajAze. rasanA ane kAna bane dvArA ApaNane AnaMdanI prApti thAya che. rasanAne lIdhe amuka jAtanA bhojanamAM ApaNane svAda lAge che; kAnane lIdhe saMgItamAM meha upaje che. A banne prakAranA AnaMda ApaNane svabhAvika che; ane keLavaNIthI te dareka AnaMdamAM ghaNuM vadhAre thaI zake che; darekamAM te AnaMda ghaNe utkaTa paNa kSaNika hoya che, ane koImAMthI kharAba pariNAma AvavAnI AvazyakatA nathI. chatAM te bemAM phera che. tame kaheze. ke saMgItamAMthI upajatA AnaMdanI prabaLatA vadhAre che tethI e phera lAge

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. 55. che te te vAta khoTI che, kAraNa ke ghaNA prasaMge A pramANatA hotI nathI. A benI sarakhAmaNImAM kAMIka evuM tattva raheluM che ke je temanI prabaLatA, kALamAna, ane pariNAmenI gaNatrIthI tadana bhinna che evuM bhAna ApaNane badhAne thAya che. svAbhAvika rIte ja ekamAM ApaNane kAMIka zarama ane bIjAmAM zabhA lAge che. sAruM sAruM khAvAnA zokhavALA mANasane ApaNe kAMIka tuccha gaNIe chIe. pitAne khAvAno zokha che ema belatAM mANasa lajavAze, paNa saMgItano zokha svIkAratAM kazI AnAkAnI tene thatI nathI. arthAta khAvAne zokha nIce che, saMgItane uMco che. vaLI eka keLavAelA paNa jhAjhI cApAcIpa vinAnA AnaMdI mANasane nATakanA takhatA upara phArasa jotAM vadhAre amizrita ane prabaLa AnaMda thAya che. paraMtu keI sAruM karUNa rasa pradhAna nATaka jotAM AnaMdanI sAthe vRttionI zithilatA ane eka prakAranuM duHkha te anubhave che. chatAM te phArasa karatAM te nATakane AnaMda ucA prakArano che e vAta e turata svIkAraze. A bemAMthI kaye AnaMda levo e bAbata kavacita tenA manamAM bhAMjagaDa thAya che. kevaLa AnaMda joItA haze te phArasa jevA e jaze; uMcI pratine AnaMda joIto haze te nATaka jevA e jaze. strI purUSanA saMbaMdhanI vAta eka kere rAkhIe to seMdaryanI saMpUrNatA karatAM hAsyajanakavicitratAmAMthI sAmAnya rIte vadhAre prabaLa AnaMdanI prApti thAya che. sauMdaryano AnaMda ugra nathI hotA ane ghaNA prasaMge to temAM udAsIno aMza hoya che. ramaNIya pradeza jatAM mANasanA mana upara je uDI asara thAya che tethI atyaMta praphulla te kavacita ja bane che. udAsInI chAyA gupta rIte tenA mana upara cAlI Ave che, AMbemAM AMsu tarI Ave che ane kaI nahi samajAtI atRpta vAMchanA tenA jIgaramAM upajI Ave che. chatAM hAsyajanaka vicitratAnA AnaMda karatAM te bezaka uMco che. je ApaNI pravRttinuM prayojana mAtra AnaMdanI prApti ja hoya ane e AnaMdanI uccatAnuM mApa utkaTatAnA pramANuthI thatuM hoya to je mANasa ochAmAM ochI mahenate pitAnI murAda hAMsala kare tene DAhyAmAM DAhyo

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. kahevo joIe. paNa ApaNe anubhava tethI ulTeja kahe che. DhIMgalA DhIMgalInI ramatamAMthI bALakane thato AnaMda ati utkaTa ane saMpUrNa hoya che. azakSita gAmaDIo kevaLa aNaghaDa vArtAthI ke halakI majAkathI khuza khuza thaI jAya che. keLavAela mANasa AvA AnaMda pratye nA pasaMda najarathI jue che, kAraNa ke ene zrama-siddha vastuomAMthI AnaMda maLe che. meTI umaranA mANasamAM chokaravAdI joI, ApaNe tenI avagaNanA karIe chIe. keTalIka ramujamAMthI AnaMda meLavavAnI vAta ja ApaNumAM zaramanI lAgaNI upajAve che, kAraNa ke ApaNA svabhAvanI uttamatAne yogya e nathI lAgatI. samAja paratve paNa A vAta sAcI che. AnaMdanI prabaLatAthI tenI uccatAnuM mApa thatuM nathI. adha-jaMgalIone AnaMdanI prApti sudharelA mANase karatAM ochI thAya che ema khAtrI pUrvaka kahI zakAtuM nathI. asaM. skArI jana khasusa karIne duHkhI hovaja joIe evo koI niyama nathI. ane jeke sukhanuM barAbara mApa karavAnuM sAdhana ApaNI pAse nathI, to paNa ApaNane eTalI te khAtrI thAya che ke AbAdInA pramANa sAthe sukhanI rAza maLatI AvatI nathI. pachAta jamAnAmAM mANasonI Teva ane rUci thaDAka AnaMdanA TuMkA kSetranI anukULatA svIkArI le che ane temAMthI kadAca sudharelA jamAnAnA bahoLA sAhityanA jeTaleja AnaMda temane paNa maLatuM hoya. azikSita dazAmAM AnaMdanA sAdhano DAM hovAthI mANasane temano kaMTALe jarA vadhAre Avaze ema je tame kahetA he te sudharelI dazAmAM asaMtoSanI phikara bahu vadhI jAya che e vAta paNa tamAre dhyAnamAM rAkhavI. chatAM atyaMta sudharele mANasa vadhAre ucca dazAne prApta thayA che e vAtanI nA kAI kahetuM nathI, kAraNa ke potAnA jIvanane vadhAre sArthaka eNe karyuM che ane pitAnI zaktionA moTA bhAgane jAgrata karI e vAparavA lAgyo che. ane manuSyajIvanane uddeza eja che. mANasa karatAM pazudi vadhAre sukhI heya, ane e vAta asaMbhavita nathI, ane sudharelA karatAM ardhajaMgalI kadi vadhAre sukhIo hoya, te paNa pazu thavA karata mANasa thavuM vadhAre che : che ane sAhasa ane jJAnanA jharAthI kevaLa

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa. 57 vegaLe ekalI paDelI prajAmAM janmavA karatAM sudhArAnA tophAnI taraphaDIA nI vacamAM janmavuM vadhAre uttama che. janahitavAdIo bhautika sudhArAne mahimA bahu varNave che; paraMtu te sudhArAmAM evuM tatva raheluM che ke jene khulAso kevaLa sukhanA siddhAMtathI thaI zakatA nathI. vaLI zArIrika AnaMda karatAM mAnasika AnaMdane loka-abhiprAya bezaka bahu uttama lekhe che. have AnaMdanuM mUlya temAMthI maLatA sukhanA jaththAthI je aMkAtuM hoya te A vAtane khulAse thaI zakatuM nathI. kharuM che ke mAnasika AnaMda nAnAvidha ane cirasthAyI hoya che. paNa temanI prAptimAM parizrama vadhAre paDe che ane tenA AnaMda ghaNAM thoDAM mANasa meLavI zake che. eka prakAranAM mANaso zikArAdi aMgakasaratamAM moja mANe che, ane bIjA prakAranAM mANaso ucA prakAranI mAnasika keLavaNImAM AnaMda mAne che; kizorAvasthAnI mojamAM ghaNuM karIne pAzava vRtta hoya che ane besatI pAkaTa avasthAmAM te ghaNuM karIne mAnasika hoya che. paraMtu sukhanA A judA judA dhoraNamAM kai zaraNa tamane evuM nahi dekhAya ke jenA vaDe te be vacce manuSyo je moTuM aMtara rAkhe che tene khulAso thaI jAya. keI citArA ke navalakathAkArane saMpUrNa sukhano zreSTha namuno citaravAnuM mana thAya te gaMbhIra vicArakane dRSTimAM rAkhI e kAma te karaze nahi. mAnasika avasthAo sAthe zarIra saMbaMdha kevo che e praznamAM uDatuM utaravAnuM atra prayojana nathI. tathApi mAnasika dazAo karatAM zArIrika dazAone ApaNA sukha upara vadhAre amala cAle che ema kahevAmAM aDacaNa nathI. paheluM sukha te jAte naryA. taMdurastI hoya te badhA sukhamAM sukha lAge che. maMdavADamAM sAkara paNa kaDavI lAge che. paraMtu taMdurastI e zarIranI avasthA mAtra che. mAnasika duHkha karatAM zArIrika duHkhanI tIvra vedanAthI ApaNuM svabhAvanI zaktio vadhAre bahera mArI jAya che. mAnasika ke naitika kAraNonI AvI asara ghaNuM karIne manuSyanA moTA bhAga upara thatI nathI. sekreTisathI mAMDIne mila paryata moTA moTA nItizAstravettAo karatAM, bebhAna-utpAdaka davA prathama rodhI kADhanAra ame

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58 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa rikane mANasa jAtanA sukhane mATe vizeSa karyuM hoya e saMbhavita che. naitika kAraNe manuSyone dhIraja ane sahanazIlatA zIkhave che athavA tethI mananI vedanA kadAca ochI thAya che, paraMtu zArIrika kAraNothI vakhate mANasane svabhAva evo badalAI jAya che ke pachI ghaNAMkharAM duHkho tene lagabhaga sparzatAM nathI. eka prAcIna purUSe kahyuM che ke tatvajJAna mANasane maratAM zIkhave che. paraMtu aneka raNasaMgrAmamAM, phAMsInA aneka lAkaDAM upara, ane cIna ane hiMdustAnanA eka cheDAthI bIjA cheDA parvata, e vAta siddha thaI cUkI che ke bhAna vinAne edI ane pAzava vRttivALo mANasa tattvanAnI karatAM vizeSa zAMtithI tane bedarakAra rahI zake che. kharI vAta ema che ke ApaNA svabhAvano mAnasika vibhAga zArIrika kiMvA IdriyavibhAga karatAM uttama che te eTalA mATe nahi ke ApaNuM sukhane e atyaMta upakAraka che. tenI uttamatA jUdA ja prakAranI che. ucca hovAthI te ucca che. ane ApaNI naitika vRttionI tRptithI je AnaMda ApaNane thAya che te AnaMdane vAstavika rIte ja ApaNe prathama padavI ApIe chIe lasabasatA lADa khAtAM je AnaMda thAya te AnaMdane game tevaDe guNAkAra kare, paNa te AnaMda eka udAra kAryanA AnaMdanI barAbarI kadi paNa karI zakaze nahi e vAta manuSyanA meTA bhAgane ghaNuM karIne spaSTa ja che. AnaMda AnaMdamAM rahelA A vAstavika bhedanI ghaNuM kharA janahitavAdIo nA kahe che, ane je ke tenA keTalAka anuyAyIoe pitAnA matanI vyavasthA karavAmAM e vAtane ghusADI devAno prayatna karyo che, paraMtu temanA siddhAMtamAM e vAta asaMgata che e spaSTa ja che. A bheda vAstavika che ema je svIkAravAmAM Ave che tethI ema ja siddha thAya ke ApaNI icchAzaktine je vastuothI vadhAremAM vadhAre sukha maLe temanA pratye khecAvAnI tene AvazyakatA rahetI nathI; eTaluM ja nahi paNa koI AnaMdanI ugratA ke nIcatA oLakhavAnI, ane sukhane lIdhe nahi paNa te

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. bemAMthI eka jAtanA AnaMdamAM pariName ochAmAM ochI eja che ema je jANe che, chatAM te ucca che ema samajIne je mANasa pariNAmanI darakAra rAkhyA vinA jANuM bujIne te pasaMda kare che te mANasa kAMti vivekahIna che ane te vicAranA evA siddhAMta upara te cAle che ke jene khulAso "vadhAremAM vadhAre sukha" vALA janahitavAdathI thaI zakatA nathI. janahitavAda pramANe te ApaNA svabhAvanA je bhAgathI ke vicAre athavA lAgaNInA je pradezathI sukha vadhAre maLe te ucca ane oI maLe te nIca. paNa sukhamAM jAti-bhedane svIkAra karIe te "ucca zabdane artha ja pharI jAya che, kAraNa ke pachI te ema ja kahevuM paDe ke ApaNuM svabhAvane eka bhAga ucca hovAthI ucca che ane bIje nIca hovAthI nIce che. ane ApaNuM jIvananI A uccatA ane nIcatA ApaNane svabhAvasiddha ane aMtaramAM pratyakSa che e vAta AMtaravAdInA siddhAMtamAM mukhya che. tethI ja AMtaravAdIo kahe che ke ApaNuM naitika ane mAnasika jIvana kriya jIvana karatAM ucca che, svArtha karatAM paropakAra uttama che; ane ApaNA jIvananA bIjA bhAga upara mane devatAno adhikAra che ema bolavAmAM ame bhramajanaka, turagI ke avanavI vAta karatA nathI, kAraNa ke e vAta eve rUpe ApaNane aMtaramAM pratyakSa thAya che ane te yathAsthita che ema teo kahe che. AMtaravAdanI sAme be AkSepa mUkAya che. eka te, ApaNI badhI naitika manovRttio upayogitAnA vicAramAM paryavasAna pAmI zake che. A AkSepa para AgaLa ApaNe bahu kahyuM che. bIjo e che ke jamAne jamAne ane prajA prajAmAM A manovRttio bhinna bhinna mAlama paDelI che ane naitika zakitanI kalpanAthI A vividhatAne tadana khulAso thaI zakato nathI. A bhrama bhAMgavo Ie tethI, ane AcaraNanA itihAsamAM thavuM joIe.

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yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa prathama to ghaNI bAbatomAM naitika abhiprAyanI vividhatA kevaLa buddhiviSayaka kAraNone lIdhe upajelI che, naitika kAraNone lIdhe nahi. dAkhalA tarIke, vyAje nANuM dhIravuM e kudaratanA kAyadAthI virUddha ane spaSTa rIte julamakAraka che ema jyAre dharmAcAryo kahetA hatA tyAre nANAnA upayoganA khoTA vicAramAMthI e vAta janmI hatI e spaSTa che. nANuM vaMdhya vastu che, ane uchItI lIdhelI rakama pUrepUrI pAchI ApI eTale deNadAre lIdhe saghaLe lAbha khatama thaI gayo ema te mAnatA hatA. vaLI te samayamAM vyAjano dara eTale badho Akaro hato ke garIba lekene te julamarUpa lAgato hato. paraMtu arvAcIna arthazAstra A bhUla ane bhramaH dUra karyo che. paiso utpAdaka vastu che ane vyAje nANuM laI mANasa temAMthI evA lAbha laI zake che ke de bharyA pachI paNa te lAbha jArI rahe che e vAta jema jema samajAtI gaI tema tema vyAja levAmAM anyAya garbhapAtanA gunA viSe paNa anya kAraNane lIdhe mANasenA vicAra badalAtA gayA che. mANasanuM khUna karavAmAM bezaka pApa che. paraMtu garbhasthAnamAM paNa bALaka te avasthAmAM sajIva kyAre gaNAya te bAbatamAM bahu matabheda jaNAya che. prAcIna kALamAM ekaMdare evo abhiprAya pracalita hato ke gumaDAnI peThe garbha paNa tenI mAtAnA zarIrano eka bhAga mAtra che ane tethI banene aLagAM karI nAkhavA tene haka che. pleTa ane erisTaTala banI e vicAramAM saMmati hatI. alpiyananA samayaparyata remanA lokomAM paNa garbhapAtanI sAme kAyado nahoto. zvAsanI kriyA jyArathI thavA lAge tyArathI ja bALaka jIvatuM gaNuya ema sTeIka matavALA mAnatA hatA. garbhAdhAna pachI cALIza divase bALakamAM prANa Abe gaNave ema jasTiniyananA dhArAmAM nakkI karyuM hatuM. arvAcIna kAyadAmAM garbhAdhAnanA samayathI ja garbhapAtamAM gune gaNAvA lAge. AvI bAbatone nizcaya kare e naitika vRttione viSaya nathI e vAta paNa che.

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. 61 vaLI dharmanI AjJAne AdhAre manAyelAM kartavya ane manodevatAnAM pharamAnarUpa kartavyamAM moTo phera che e vAta paNa lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che. janmASTamI ke bhIma agIArasano apavAsa na kare, athavA amAsa bArase brAhmaNane sIdhuM na pUravuM emAM je pApa hoya to tene AdhAra, jUDa, cerI, khUna ane vyabhicAranA pApanA AdhAra karatAM tadana bhinna che. prathama jAtanAM pApa pratye mane devatAnA ThapakA zarata-vAcaka ja hoya che, kAraNake, te AjJAone tAbe rahevAnuM mana devatA pharamAve che, paNa te AjJAo kaI ? e praznanuM nirAkaraNa vivekabuddhine te seMpI de che. Ama A banne jAtanAM kartavyamAM phera che e vAta jarIka vibharavAthI saheje samajAya che, ane temanI sApekSa agatyatA bAbata je matabhinnatva jovAmAM Ave che temanuM khyAna karavuM e dhArmika ItihAsanuM kAma che.. vaLI parApUrvathI cAlyo Avate rIvAja vakhata jatAM dharmanuM rUpa dhAraNa kare che ane tethI tenuM kharuM kAraNa vIsarI jai kevaLa dharmane nAme leke tene vyavahAra kare che. dAkhalA tarIke, ramavA prajAsattAka rAjyamAM strIonI vizuddhi sAcavavAne arthe strIoe dArU cAkha paNa nahi evo kAyade karavAmAM Avyo hato. A kAraNa samajAya tevuM che. paraMtu keLavaNI, Teva ane paraMparA cAlI AvatI pUjyabuddhine lIdhe lekanI vRttimAM evo te otapreta e thaI gayo ke pachI tenA bhaMgamAM eka rAkSasI gune thato gaNAvA lAge. ane lajajA ane pativratyane mATe prasiddha evI eka strIne dArU pIvAnA vAMka mATe tenA dhaNIe keraDA mArI mArIne mArI nAkhyAne dAkhalA paNa temanA ItihAsamAMthI maLI Ave che. Ama mULa sAdA vicAramAM bIjA vicAre dhIme dhIme bhaLI jAya che ane tethI mANasenA naitika vicAra paNa rUpAMtara pAme che. mULa vicAra pAcho jyAre kharA svarUpe samajAvA lAge che, tyAre naitika vicAra paNa pAche yathAyogya thaI jAya che. parAkramI vijetAo pratye mANasone je bhAva ane bhakti upaje che temAM paNa vicAra-sAhacaryanI ja AvI gaDabaDa hoya che. bhukhanA duHkhathI

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kara yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. prerAI ke anyAya sahana na thavAthI kaMI garIba ke gAmaDIo ekAdI laTake khUna kare te tenA upara ApaNane tiraskAra upaje che. paraMtu mAtra ApavaDAI ke kIrtinI khAtara, athavA jamInanA lebhathI lebhAI, hajArene marAvI hajarone raDAvatA ane aneka vidha du:kha upajAvatA vijetAo pratye mANaso bhAva ane bhakti batAve enA jevI nItinI bAbatamAM bIjI eka vicitratA nathI. je agAdha buddhi ane sattAnuM mApa sAmAnya leke laitika phaLothA ja kare che te buddhi ane sattAnuM AkarSaNa, pitAnI prajAne je lAbha vijetA meLavI Ape che te, laDAIne pariNAmamAM devanI daramyAnagIrI hovAthI vijaya e daivIkRpAnI sAbIti che evI mAnyatA, ane rAjasattAne apAtI pavitratA,-A badhAM vijetAnI kArakIrdInI kuratAne bezaka chAvarI rAkhe che; paraMtu kadAca AthI paNa vadhAre uMDuM kAraNa temAM raheluM che. laDAInI aneka durdazA chatAM nItinuM eka prauTa tattva temAM raheluM che. temAM utkaTa Atma-bhoga bahAra khIlI nIkaLe che. ane niHsvArthI utsAhane temAM ghaNuM ja avakAza rahe che. hajAree pitAnA deza ke rAjAne mATe pitAnA lehInuM balidAna ApyuM che ane ApaNe paNa temaja karavAnuM che evo vicAra laDAIne vakhate zUravIra sIpAIomAM bahAra tarI Ave che. paNa jema sAkAra mUrti vinA keTalAkanI Izvara-bhAvanA TakI zakatI nathI tema A utsAhanI lAgaNIne TakAvI rAkhavA mATe kaI daSTAMtabhUta purUSanI jarUra rahe che. aprasiddha sAmAnya sipAIonAM nAma kalpanA. upara asara karatAM nathI, ane tethI bIjAnI najara temanA upara karatI nathI. paraMtu rAjA ke senApati mATe ane AgevAna hovAthI AtmabhoganI pratyakSa mUrti lekhAya che ane pUjAya che. ane pachI e ja mANasa zodhI zodhIne potAne svArtha sAdhavA tatpara rahe che. Ama prArabdhanI ghara vakroktirUpa vicAra-sAhacaryanI guMcavaNa te juo, ke hajAro mANu sanI Atma-bhoganI vRttithI bahAra nIkaLele naitika utsAha, je mANasanI apUrva ahaMtA mamatAne lIdhe ja te Atmabhoga Avazyaka thAya che te ja mANasanI AsapAsa pavitra prakAzanuM kuMDALuM karI Ape che.

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa, vaLI keTalIka vakhata ApaNI naitika vRttine spaSTa AMcako lAge evI vAta paNa dharmanI zraddhAne lIdhe mANase mAne che. keTalIka vakhata buddhine paNa A AMyake lAge che. ghaNuMkharA khristio vizvAsapUrvaka mAne che ke amuka rAtrIe vALu karatAM Izukhrista pitAnuM zarIra pitAnA hAthamAM lIdhuM, tenA kakaDA karI pitAnA anuyAyIone eNe vaheMcI ApyA, ane celAo te khAvA lAgyA; chatAM te ja zarIra e ja vakhate sAjuM tAjuM meja pAse beTheluM hatuM ane turata ja gethelemana nAmanA bagIcAmAM gayuM. Avo vAtamAM asaMgatatA lAgavA chatAM dharmamAM zraddhA rAkhI mANase e mAne che. e ja pramANe je chokarAone jaLa-mAjana (Baptism) nI kriyA thaI na hoya te niraMtara narakamAM saDyAM karaze e ogasTAInane siddhAMta paNa evo ja che. taratanuM janmeluM bALaka ke je jaLa-mArjana pAkhyA vinA gataprANa thAya te bALaka, cha hajAra varSo pUrve pitAnA vaDavAoe karelA AjJA-bhaMgane mATe narakamAM jAya e vAtathI ApaNe nItinA vicArane jabare AMcako lAge che, ane je prabhu evAM bALakone dukha devA ja upajAve che tenI nIti ane dayAne mATe tethI vicitra vicAra ApaNane upaje to temAM navAI nathI. AvA prabhunI krUratA keTalI kahevAya ? AvA siddhAMta upara nItinA svabhAva-siddha pratyakSane siddhAMta TakI zake ja nahi; kAraNa ke A krUratA AgaLa mAnuSI krUratAne hisAba nathI. paraMtu subhAgye dharmanA je jhanunIo dharmane A siddhAMta mAne che, te anya bAbatomAM te naitika pratyakSane siddhAMta svIkAre che ane nIranI krUratAne dhikkArI vakhoDe che. Ama dharma ane nItimAM keTalIka vakhata virodha hoya che. - A vidha dhArmika julamamAM spaSTa thAya che. dharma-bhraSTatA ane pAkhaMDane nAme kethalika dharmanA anuyAyIoe hajArone saMhAra karyo che ane hajArene jIvatA bALI mUkyA che. A bAbatamAM temanA durAgrahI siddhAMtanI kevaLa anItimAna pratijJAna je svIkAra karavAmAM Ave, te temAMthI nIkaLatA anumAnane nItimAna ane yukta kahevuM ja paDe; jyAM

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yUrepIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. gunAnI duSTatA ane tenAthI thatuM nukasAna moTAmAM meTuM hoya tyAM gunegArane moTAmAM moTI zikSA thavI vAjabI che. khuna evI jAtane gune hovAthI khunIne phAMsInI sajA thAya te ya ja che; ane tevI sajA karanAramAM naitika tatvanuM astitva ja nathI ema kAI kaheze nahi. A nyAye amuka mata mAnanAre pApI che ane pitAno mata phelAvavA e jIvatA rahe te mANasa jAtanI moTAmAM moTI kharAbI thAya ema jyAre kethalike mAnavA lAgyA tyAre pAkhaMDIone mArI nAMkhavAmAM pApa nathI e vAta spaSTa thaI. Ama pitAne dharma kadi jUTho hoya ja nahi e daDha vizvAsa, ane bhUlane gune gaNavAne temano mata-A be vAtathI temanA dhArmika julamane khulAso thaI zake che. Ama je dharmane pitAnA matane Agraha hoya ane bhAvi dAna ane daMDa upara jeno nibhAva hoya te dharma nItinA evA kAyadAne upadeza Ape ke jethI manadevatAne mAnya rahevuM paDe ke dabAI jAya, ane kadi avaLe mArga paNa dorAya. je dharmagurUo ApaNane niraMtara emaja kahyA kare ke dharmanI vAtamAM koI prazna ke zaMkAja uThAvavI nahi, paNa dharma je kahe te mUMge meMDha mAnI ja levuM, te dhIme dhIme ApaNI mAnasika Tevo evI paDaze ke pachI niSpakSa ane pramANika vicAra sAMbhaLatAM paNa ApaNane kaMpArI chUTaze. evI ja rIte je kaI mANasa potAnA kartavyano niratara bhaMga ja karyA kare che ane kartavyanI lAgaNI ja enAmAM raheze nahi. paraMtu nItinI uhApohamAM A eka moTI muzkelI jo ke che, tathApi tethI karIne naitika pratyakSanI vAstavikatA maTI jatI nathI, kAraNa ke jenA svAdhInamAM ApaNA svabhAvanI zaktio rahelI che e te kAyado ja che. buddhinI kharAba keLavaNIthI jJAna apUrNa ane bhramajanaka thaze eTaluM ja nahi paNa buddhinuM valaNa paNa bhraSTa thaI jAya che. rasikatAnI kharAba keLavaNIthI boTA niyama baMdhAI jAya che. hamezanA durUpayogathI keTalAMka iMdriyajanya pratyakSa paNa dUSita ane bhraSTa thaI jAya che. A dareka bAbatamAM kharAkhoTAnuM dhoraNa judI jAdI avasthAnA aneka mANasanA anubhavanA AdhAre

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa. nizcita thavuM joIe, ane bhraSTa avayavane pitAnI mULa sthitie pAcho lAvavA mATe lAMbo vakhata parizrama karavAnI jarUra che. amuka amuka praznone nirNaya ApaNe yuktithI karIe te bhale, paNa yuktine insApha AMtara-pratyakSathI jaNAtA keTalAka nItinA niyamone AdhAre ja thAya che. leke dhAre che ke AMtaravAdIonA mata pramANe sekreTisanAM bhUtanI piThe ApaNAmAM paNa manadevatA' nAmanI koI anicca vyakti rahelI che ane prasaMge prasaMge ApaNane khAsa ane acUka mAhIti te Ape che. paraMtu Ama mAnavAmAM paNa bhUla che. AMtaravAdio te eTaluM ja kahe che ke mAtra sukha duHkhanA kAyadAthI ja ApaNI IcchA-zaktinuM niyamana thatuM nathI, paNa kartavyanA kAyadAthI paNa thAya che. A kartavyano kAyado sukha duHkhanA kAyadAthI bhinna che ane naitika baMdhana paNa tenuM ja che ema ApaNane aMtaramAM lAge che. bIjI vAta e che ke ApaNA hRdayamAM je je vikAra ke vRttio uThe temAMthI keTalIka avazya karIne sArI che ane temane uttejIta karavI joIe ane keTalIka avazya karIne duSTa che ane temane dAbI devI joIe evuM sahaja bhAna ApaNane aMtaramAM ja thAya che te ApaNA kartavyanA vicArane pAyo che. teo kahe che ke dveSathI zubhecchA, asatyathI satya, anyAyathI nyAya, apakArathI upakAra, Ikiyajanya vilAsathI pAtivratya, caDIAmAM che evuM ApaNane aMtaramAM thatuM bhAna mAnasa zAstranI vAstavika hakIkata che; ane saghaLA jamAnAmAM ane saghaLA dezamAM nItine mArga ucca vRttionA vartanamAM raheluM hoya che, nIca vRttionA vartanamAM nathI hoto. kartavyanuM bhAna evuM nirbaLa hoya ke te jaNAya paNa nahi, ane tethI ApaNe svabhAvane nIca bhAga uparI thaI bese evuM paNa kadi bane. grIka lekee buddhiviSayaka ane rAjadvArI sadAcAra khIlavavAno ja prayAsa karyo hato ane dAMpatya-dharmane lagabhaga visArI * mUke ha; Ama keTalAka jamAnAmAM leke amuka bAbatamAM ja pitAnI nIti ucca karavAnI kALajI rAkhe ema paNa bane. koI vakhate nyAyanI tIvra lAgaNI zubhecchAne aMkuzamAM rAkhe che tema, vakhate ApaNuM svabhAva

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* * * * * * * yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. nA aMze eka bIjAnA virodhI paNa lAge. nItinA kAyadAne anukULa na hoya evAM kAryothI adazya devadevIonI kRpA meLavavAnuM kaI matamatAMtaramAM kadAca kahyuM paNa heya. judAM judAM prayojananA mizraNane lIdhe ke khAsa saMjogone laIne naitika unnatine mArga aspaSTa ane guMcavaNa bharele paNa vakhate thaI jAya. A badhuM bane tevuM che; chatAM eka mahAna satyano e badhAnI upara amala che e vAta nirvivAda che. jUThuM bolavAthI, bIjAnuM buruM IcchavAthI ke dAMpatya-tane bhaMga karavAthI pitAnuM AcaraNa uMcA prakAranuM thAya che ema ke mAnatuM nathI. jene AcaraNanI pavitratA prApta karavI hoya teNe te sArI vRttionuM sevana karavuM ja paDe che. Ama AMtara pratyakSathI nItinA sAmAnya niyama pratIta thatA hovAthI, jUdA jUdA jamAnAmAM naitika dharaNanI ke kAryonI ekatA hotI nathI; chatAM temanuM valaNa eka ja dizAmAM hoya che e vAta spaSTa che. janmathIja sArI vRttio karatAM svArthI vRttionuM je mANasamAM vadhAre hoya che. A kramane ulaTAvI nAkhavAnuM kartavya nItinuM che. jana-svabhAvamAMthI svArtha tadana nAbuda thave te azakya che, ane badhA niHsvArthI thAya te samAja Take paNa nahi. paraMtu A aMzonuM mizraNa kevuM hovuM joIe? e ja prazna nItine hoya che. eka samaye zubhecchAnI vRtti kevaLa kuTuMba pratye ja ramatI hoya che; pachI te jJAti, prajA ane manuSya jAta pratye paNa vistare che; ane chevaTe mUMgA ane avAcaka prANIo paryata pahoMce che. A dareka dazAmAM nItinuM juduM juduM dhoraNa racAya che, paraMtu darekamAM eka ja valaNane sadAcAra tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A eka sAdI hakIkatathI AMtaravAda upara thatA aneka AkSepane parihAra thaI jAya che. jaMgalI leke pitAnA mAbApane mArI nAkhe che, sudharelI prajAoe paNa bALahatyAne rIvAja niHzaka mane svIkAre che, ucca AcaraNavALA kaI romanane paNa taravAranA prANaghAtaka khelamAM kAMI ducAra lAge nahi, rAjakIya ke kinAra katalamAM kAMI pApa hoya evuM jamAnAne jamAnA sudhI manuSyane samajAyuM nahi, kaI jamAnAmAM gulAma

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa 17 gIrInI prazaMsA thaI che ane kaImAM tene tiraskAra thayo che,A badhAM daSTAMtathI eTaluM ja siddha thAya che ke je vAtane eka jamAne nirdoSa gaNatA hatA te vAtane bIje jamAno sadoSa gaNato hato. khAsa saMjogone lIdhe ja Avo matabheda paDe che ane nItinuM telana karavAmAM A khAsa saMjogo lakSamAM levAnA che. ghaNIvAra siddha karavAmAM AvyuM che ke taravAranA prANaghAtaka khele e dhArmika udeze svIkArelA naramadhane ja eka prakAra che; gharaDAM buTTAne jALavavAnuM kAma azakya lAgavAthI jaMgalIo pitAnA mAbApanuM khuna karavAmAM dayA ja batAvatA hatA, ane mAbApa te paNa e vAtane evI rIte svIkAratA hatA; vera e nyAyane ja eka prakAra che ane nyAyanI adAlate sthapAyA pUrve gunA upara aMkuza paNa ene ja lIdhe rahetA hata; rAjakIya khunothI beTA hakadAranI ciMtAthI rAjya mukta rahetuM: vastuo upara saune samAna haka che evA vicArathI jaMgalIone cerImAM pApa lAgatuM nahi; laDAyaka guNane keLavavA ane vizeSe karIne dhana-saMcayanI vRttine nirUtsAha karavA spArTana lekamAM corI karavAnI paravAnagI hatI; jyAre eka prajA bIjI prajAne jItatI tyAre jItAelI prajAnAM mANasane vijayI prajA mArI nAkhatI, paraMtu kALa jatAM dayAnI khAtara temane gulAma karavA lAgI; Ama darekane khulAse thaI zake che. paNa eka sAmAnya khulAse paNa ApI zakAya che. vigato paratve mANasone eka mata e saMbhavita nathI; ane AMtaravAdIo ema kahetA paNa nathI. paraMtu badhI bAbatomAM mULa siddhAMta to tene te ja rahe che. keTalAMka kAryo ApaNane atyAre rAkSasI ane krUra lAge che te kAryo paNa mULe dayAnI preraNAthI ja thaelAM hoya che. dayAnuM dhoraNa kadi ghaNuM halakuM bhale hoya, paraMtu yAne sadAcAra ane krUratAne durAcAra hamezAM lekhavAmAM Avyo che ane lekhAze. janahitavAdIo kahe che ke AMtaravAda pramANe nItimAM uttarottara unnati banavI azakya che. paraMtu A vAta khoTI che e be vAtathI spaSTa che. ekata, AMtaravAdI kahe che ke jo ke keTalAka guNa avazya karIne saddaguNa hoya che, paraMtu jeTale aMze teo AcAraNamAM melAya te aMze

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. bhinnabhinna hovAne lIdhe nItimAM unnatino krama banI zake che. arthAta, siddhAMtanI ekatA chatAM dhoraNonI vicitratAne lIdhe nItimAM uttarottara unnati banI zake che. bIjI vAta e che ke je ke saghaLA sadAcAranuM upayogitAmAM paryavasAna AMtaravAdI karatA nathI, te paNa pare pakAramAM sadIcAra che e vAta janahitavAdInI peThe te paNa svIkAre che. ane tethI karIne je je zodhothI manuSya jAtanuM kharekharUM kalyANa thAya che te te zodhone lIdhe ApaNu karUMvyanA vicAra upara navI jAtanuM ajavALuM paDe che. pativratyano ItihAsa tapAsatAM naitika unnati kevI rIte thaI zake che tene khyAla Avaze. jyAre mANasanA vikAro taddana niraMkuza hoya che tyAre strIone sAmAnya bhogavaTo ane kAmAsaktinA saghaLA vilakSaNa prakAra . svIkArI leze. A bAbatamAM jyAre loka pitAnI prakRti sudhAravAne prayAsa Adare che, tyAre prathama teo kAmAsatinA rAjyane TUMkI karI tenI hada bAMdhaze. paraMtu sudhArAnI A kriyA amuka hada sudhI ja vadhI zake e spaSTa che. prathama te manuSya jAtane nAbuda ne karavI hoya to kAma-vRtti saMsAramAM rahevI joIe. vaLI A vikAranI prabaLatA ane manuSyanI nirbaLatA eTalI badhI che ke saghaLI prajAomAM ane vizeSe karIne jyAM A vikArane niraMkuza svataMtratA lAMbA vakhata sudhI maLelI hoya che tyAM kAma-tRptine moTo bhAga saMtati upajAvavAnA zuddha vicArane laIne thato nathI e vAta nItizAstravettAe lakSamAM levAnI che. tethI je getra-gamana baMdha thAya ane strIne sAmAnya milakata gaNavAnA rIvAjane badale jhAjhI strI karavAno rIvAja paDe, to teTale aMze naitika unnati thaI gaNAya ane nItinuM amUka dhoraNa racAyuM kahevAya. Ama eka vakhata dhoraNa racAyA pachI te dhoraNa AgaLa uMcuM uMcuM thatuM jAya che. yAhudInA kAyadA joIe te temAM vyabhicAranI manAI che ane lagnanA rIvAjo niyamita thayA che, paNa jhAjhI strI karavAnI svataMtratA temanAmAM ApI jaNAya che. zrIka lekemAM eka ja strI karavAne rIvAja hata; paNa temAM apavAda ghaNA rahetA ane keTalAka pratikULa saMjegine lIdhe anya durAcAra vadhI gayo hate. remamAM e dharaNu ghaNu uMcI

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wwwww AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha ItihAsa. 69 sthitie pahoMcyuM hatuM. eka strIne rIvAja daDha sthApita thaye hate. strIone sadAcAra ghaNo uco thayo hato. paraMtu purUSomAM je ke sRSTi vyabhicAra bhUlarUpe paNa gaNate nahi. kethalika dharmamAM, prajAnI utpatti artha, ane manuSyanA svabhAvamAM rahelI nirbaLatAne kAMIka chUTa ApavI joIe mATe, lagnane vAjabI gayuM che. paNa te sivAya savaLI jAtanI kAma-vRttinI sakhata ane sApha manA karI che. A pramANe kAma-vRttine dabAvI devAnI utkaMThAmAM ane yatheccha. vihAramAM tene keTalI chUTa ApavI te bAbatamAM jamAne jamAne ghaNe phera mAlama paDI Ave che, paNa te saMbaMdhI sadAcAranI UrmimAM kaze phera paDato nathI. vaLI vyabhicAramAM ane prajAnI utpattimAM svArtha ane upayogitAnA prazna bezaka vacamAM Ave che, paraMtu sAmAnya unnatine AdhAra te kevaLa jUdI ja jAtanA vicAra upara rahelo che evuM bhAna ApaNane thAya che. kAma-vRttinI tRpti game teTalI hakadAra ane vAjabI hoya chatAM te gupta rAkhavAnI vastu che evI bhAvanA game teTalI ghasAI gaelI chatAM koImAM tadana nAbuda thaelI kadi hotI nathI; evI vAta jAheramAM karatAM mANasane lAja ane zarama Ave che; ane nila jaja zabdo bolatAM mANasa zaramAya che; ityAdi hakIkatothI ema ja siddha thAya che ke A kAma-vRttimAM kAMika nIcatA rahelI che e vAta ApaNane aMtaramAM pratyakSa ane svabhAva siddha che. kAMIka emAM evuM che ke jenI ApaNane svAbhAvika rIte ja zarama Ave che; ApaNI saMpUrNa vizuddhine AMcako lAge evuM temAM kAMIka raheluM che, ane ati pavitra jIvanamAM e tattva hevuM ApaNane anucita lAge che. AvI lAgaNI keAI paNa mANasamAM kAmukI na hevI saMbhavita nathI; ane durAgrahI janahitavAdI vinA bIjuM ke enuM rUpAMtara mAtra svArtha-- nI gaNatrImAM karI nAkhatuM nathI. manuSyanI unnatinA kramamAM A lAgaNI kivA preraNuM ja bIjarUpa che; ane tene lIdhe ja saMpUrNa vizuddhinI pavi

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70 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. tratAnuM bhAna dareka dharmamAM ane dareka jamAnAmAM upajeluM che. cIna dezanA purANamAM eka kathA evI che ke jyAre AdikALamAM A pRthvI upara eka ja purUSa ane eka ja strI hatAM tyAre vastInI vRddhi karavA arthe paNa te strIe pitAnuM kumArikA trata khaMDita karavAnI nA pADI, ane tenI vizuddhithI khuzI thaI devoe tene varadAna ApyuM ke tenA AzakanA mAtra dRSTipAtathI ja te garbha dhAraNa karI zakaze ane Ama kuMvArI mAtA manuSya jAtanI janetA thaI. vilAsI grIka prajAmAM paNa ethIna Adi devIonI vizuddhimAM uttama sadAcAra gaNAte hato. keTalAka dharmomAM AcAryone paraNavAnI manAI hoya che ane keTalIka strIone dharma-sevA artha kuMvArA rahevAnuM hoya che. pleTo ApaNuM svabhAvanA be vibhAga pADe che-vivekI ane kAmAsakta. temAM prathama ucca che ane bIje nIca che; ane A bheda upara tenA nItizAstranuM maMDANa che. pithAgerAsanI zALAmAM brahmacarya mukhya siddhAMta che ane tenA anuyAyIoe mAnI saMsthA sthApavAno prayAsa paNa karyo hato. A brahmacarya satata sAcavavA mANase sakhata jIvana jIvyAM che. ApaNuM ane A vAta samajAvavI paDe tema nathI. dharmanI ghaNI kriyAomAM amuka mudata paryata brahmacarya pALavuM paDe che. jaina leke ene cothuM vrata kahe che ane hAla paNa ghaNuM jenI e amuka mudatane mATe te vrata le che. AvAM vratadhArI purUSonAM vakhANa khuTA bahu kare che. lagnanI pavitra aMdagIne romana leke pUjatA hatA. chatAM remamAM ja devI-pUjAraNa (Westal Virgins) ne eka khAsa varga ubhe thaye hati. AvI pUjAraNe kuMvArI rahetI hatI ane teo bahu pratiSThita gaNAtI hatI. temanI prArthanAo camatkArika lekhAtI ane dezanI AbAdIne saMbadha paNa temanI sAthe kapAte hate. zahenazAhabAnuthI paNa vizeSa haka tene maLatA. paraMtu pitAnA vatana jarIka bhaMga teo kare to bhayaMkara zikSA tene thatI. dareka dezanA purANa, kathA ane ItihAsamAM strInI pavitratAne prabhAva vAvelo che. Izu khristanI mA kuMvArI hatI. kethelika dharmanA mahanI saMsthAthI ghaNA prakAranAM nukasAna thayAM che e

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa.. vAta kharI, paraMtu ApaNA svabhAvanA nIca bhAgane bhraSTa gaNavAmAM ApaNa svabhAvanI yathAsthita hakIkata ja teo jAhera kare che. vaLI eka bIjI vAta paNa samajavA jevI che. keTalIka prajAe kuMvArI chadagIne jeTalI pavitratA apa che teTalI ja pavitratA bIjI keTalIka prajAe eka karatAM vadhAre strI karavAnA cAlane apI che e vAta paNa sAcI nathI. pavitratAnA pagathIA pagathIAmAM paNa phera che. musalamAna leke sArA mANasane svargamAM parIo maLavAnI vAta kare che tene artha e nathI ke evA sukhane teo sadAcAranuM zibiMdu gaNe che. paraMtu A duniyAmAM sadAcAra AcaravAno che ane svargamAM tene badale maLavAnuM che ema temanuM tAtparya che. je koI jaMgalI prajAmAM kAmAsakita devatArUpe pUjAI hoya, to tenuM kAraNa ema hatuM ke kudarata ke jenI phaLadrapa zakita manuSyanA lakSamAM prathama Ave che te kudaratanAM baLanI pUjA mANasamAM dharmanuM prathama rUpa dhAraNa kare che; ane deva ane nItinI ekatAnuM bhAna moDuM moDuM thAya che. keTalIka prajAe kumArikAvratane vakhoDayuM che, paNa te eTalA mATe nahi ke brahmacarya karatAM kAma- sakti vadhAre pavitra che; paraMtu laDAyaka prajAnA astitvane AdhAra laDavaiyAnI saMkhyA upara hovAthI kuMvArI kanyAthI dezane phAyado thato nathI. A pramANe yAhudI leke vastInI vRddhimAM dezanI AbAdI gaNatA hatA. paraMtu te prajAmAM paNa amuka paMthavALA kumArikAvratane pavitratAnuM zirabiMdu gaNatA hatA. Ama keTalAMka kAryo amuka vakhate sadAcArI gaNAyAM che ane te ja kAryo bIjA jamAnAmAM durAcArI gaNAyAM che mATe AMtaravAda asaMgata che e AkSepa TakI zakato nathI e vAta have spaSTa che. jo ke prApta sadAcAranAM dhoraNe jamAne jamAne badalAyAM che, tathApi tenI te ja vRttione keLavavAmAM sadAcAra hamezAM gaNAya che. nItinI bAbatamAM, vAjabI ke geravAjabI athavA sadAcAra ke durAcAra karatAM vadhAre ucca ke ochuM ucca, vadhAre uttama ke. ochuM uttama e zabda vAparavA vadhAre yukta che. amuka arthamAM naitika

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kara yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, bhe nirapekSa ane avikArI che, bIjA arthamAM teo tadana sApekSa ane vikArI che. keTalAMka kRtyothI ApaNI naitika vRttine e te dekhIte ane spaSTa AMcaka lAge che ke ApaNuM naitika keLavaNInI cheka prathamAvasthAmAM paNa te duSTa ane durAcArI gaNAyAM che. satya asatyAdi jevA keTalAka bhedo svabhAve ja evA suspaSTa ane baLavAna hoya che ke kevaLa kramika sadAcArothI emanI meLe te jUdA tarI Ave che, jo ke A bAbatamAM paNa jUdA jUdA jamAnAmAM jude jude aMze vyavahAramAM temanuM pAlana thayuM che. paraMtu dharmanI AjJAone AdhI rAkhI bolIe te, kAryone vadhAre sArA ke "vadhAre kharAba" nahi, paNa nizcayAtmaka rIte vAjabI" ke "geravAjabI che ema kahevA mANase je bAhya niyamane lIdhe zaktimAna thAya che te to mAtra samAjanuM pracalita dhoraNa ja hoya che. paraMtu A dhoraNa maeNDavile. kahelA dhoraNa jevuM kevaLa manamojI ane Apakhuda nathI hotuM, paNa ApaNI naitika zakti ke jene ApaNA svabhAvane ucca bhAga kahe che. tenI keLavaNImAM samAje prApta kareluM pagathIyuM te hoya che. A dhAraNathI je mANasa nIco rahe che, je valaNa sadAcAranI unnatimAM khAsa tattvabhUta che temAM aTakAvarUpa che. A raNane mAtra sAcavIne je besI rahe te mANasanI nIti bAhya niyamane anusAra te che ja; chatAM mane devatAo AgaLa sUcavelA pitAnA naitika vikAsanA dhoraNane anurUpa tenuM vartana gaNAya nahi. samAjanA dhoraNathI AgaLa vadhI je mANasa khAsa sadAcArI rahe te puNyazALI gaNAya, paNa tema vartavAmAM kALajI na rAkhe che. temAM pApa gaNAya nahi. gulAmagIrI, vigrahamAM pakaDAelA kedIonI katala, taravAranA prANaghAtaka khela, ke eka karatAM vadhAre strI karavAno rIvAja-e badhAM jAte ja, avazya karIne pApa che ke kema? e prazna nakAme che. ApaNe temane hamaNAM pApa bhale gaNatA hoIe, paNa amuka samaye temAM pApa nahotuM gaNAtuM, ane tethI te jamAnAmAM te AcaranAre pApI nahote. sArAMza ke zubhecchAnI vRtti sadA sArI ja che; kAmavRtti sadA sarvadA nIcI che e pratijJA vAkyamAM pheraphAra kadi thato nathI.

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. 73. paraMtu ahIM eka muzkela prazna ubho thAya che. ApaNA svabhAvane. naitika vibhAga zArIrika ane mAnasika vibhAga karatAM uttama che ema svIkA rIe; ApaNI prakRtinI racanA ja evI che ke tene saMpUrNa vistRta karavAnI ApaNI pharaja che ane eTalA mATe naitika uddezo sarvathI zreSTa che e vAtane ApaNe siddha samajIe; chatAM prazna ema ubho thAya che ke ApaNA svabhAvanA judA judA vibhAgonI asamAnatA zuM evI che ke nItinA DAka bhoge paNa keImeTa mAnasika ke bhautika lAbha vAjabInI rAhe ApaNe na kharIdI zakIe? sUkSma vivekane A mATe prazna che; ane dharmavAdIo pUche che ke je uddeza sAre hoya te kadi upAyo game tevA hoya te aDacaNa kharI ke kema ? keTalAka dharmavAdIone evo mata che ke pRthvI rasAtaLa jatI hoya, game tevuM duHkha bhogavavuM paDatuM hoya, to paNa nAnAmAM nAnuM pApa paNa kadi karavuM ja nahi. have, A matane sAkSAtkAra kaIne kadi thato nathI: vyavahAramAM tene lAgu karavAnuM kAIne kadi svamamAM paNa AvatuM nathI: ane kharUM kahIe te, jo ke ahIM dharmane irAde ghaNe uttama che, paNa tene anusAra AcaraNa sudhArAnA mULatattvanuM kevaLa virodhI che. A mata kahe che ke nAnAmAM nAnuM spaSTa pApa jAte ane pariNAme eTaluM badhuM bhayaMkara hoya che ke game tevA moTA mAnasika ke bhautika lAbhathI tene khaga vaLI zake nahi. je A vAta sAcI hoya, to pachI spaSTa che ke mANasane mukhya udeza kevaLa pApa rahita thavAne hovo joIe, ane e udeze badhI IcchAone kevaLa nirmaLa ja karI nAkhavI joIe. ApaNI hAjatene pradeza vistAratAM lAlaco paNa avazya vadhe che; ane tethI pApanI saMkhyA, paNa vadhe che. nItinA dhoraNamAM kadi tethI uccatA paNa Ave kharI, kAraNa ke nirUtsAhI aceta pAparahitatA nItinI ucca avasthA nathI. paraMtu A dharmavAdIo kahe che tema dareka pApa je niraMtara vedanAne lAyakanuM ja hoya ane evuM bhayaMkara hoya ke tenI AgaLa duniyAnA nAzane paNa hisAba nathI, te pachI naitika lAbho paNa tenI barAbarI bilakula karI zake nahi. naitika vRttinI game teTalI uccatA, bhaktine game te jusso ke uDANa, .

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74 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. eka kSaNa paNa tenI sAme trAjavAmAM besI zake nahi. vyavahAramAM paNa A matanAM pariNAma vicitra Avaze. prajAnA badhA vepAranuM satyAnAza vaLI jatuM hoya, phaLadrupa prAMte lUTAi jatA hoya, ane prajAnA haka mAtra DUbI jatA hoya, to paNa te prajAnA rAjAe vigrahamAM utaratAM pahelAM khUba vicAra kare; kAraNa ke nAnI sarakhI luTa ke ekAdI strInA pativratyane laga ja te laDAImAM thaI gayA te te upalA badhA lAbha karatAM vadhAre moTuM saMkaTa thaI paDaze. je bhayaMkara marakI ke dukALathI eka kSaNa paryata paNa je duracAra aTako hoya che tethI eNe khUzI thavuM. moTAM moTAM zahero vasAvavAthI pApanI saMkhyAmAM je ekane paNa vadhAro thato hoya te zahera visAvavAmAM bhayaMkara pApa che. A mata pramANe zrama-sAdhya sudharelI jIMdagI, ramata gamatanA meLAvaDA, lagabhaga dareka hunnara, ane dravyanI dareka prApti duSTa che, kAraNa ke temAMthI koIne koI pApanA prasaMga upaje che, ane temAM lAbha to mAtra hika ja hoya che. have, nItimAM keTalIka kharAbI thaze e vAta ApaNe jANatA hoIe chIe chatAM te bhegavIne paNa mAnasika ane bhautika zakitaone khIlavavI e vAta sArI che e mAnyatA upara sudhA rAnI AkhI racanAnuM maMDANa che. kArakhAnuM ughADatAM temAMthI AgaLa jatAM mANase dArU pItAM ane vyabhicAra karatAM zIkhaze ema dhArIne kArakhAnuM ughADanAM kaI aTakI jatuM nathI. kavacit nItinA nAnA bhega ApIne paNa sudhArAmAM ApaNe AgaLa vadhIe chIe. . dharmanA A matane jo ke ghaNAjaNa siddhAMtarUpe mAne che, paNa vyavahAramAM te pramANe akSarazaH keI vartatuM nathI, paraMtu bIjA badhA lAbha karatAM naitika lAbhanI uttamatA keTale aMze vadhAre che te bAbata mANasanA vyavahArika matabhedane lIdhe AMtaravAdIonA mata upara gaMbhIra prakArane deSa mUkAya che. dharma-matamAM pApano je vicAra che tene atyaMta samIpa Ave evuM vyavahAramAM vartana tapasvIonuM hoya che. tapovRttinuM mukhya maMtavya ja e che ke pApa e evI te atyaMta bhayaMkara cIja che ke tenI sAthe keIpaNa aihika lAbhanI sarakhAmaNI thaI zake nahi. tethI koI paNa

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha ItihAsa. upa prakAre pApane pitAnA jIvanamAM pesavA na devuM e tapasvIonA jIvanane khAsa udeza thAya che. eTalA mATe chaMdagInI saghaLI caMcaLa pravRttithI tapasvI aLago rahe che, saghaLA sAMsArika uddeza ane utkarSane e tyAga kare che, satata deha-damanathI pitAnA kudaratI vikArone maMda pADI de che, ane kevaLa dhArmika vidhimAM nimagna rahevAno prayAsa e kare che. ane A saghaLI bAbatamAM enI vartaNuMka vAjabI ane pitAnA siddhAMtane anusAra che. je mANasane pApanI gaMbhIratAne evo vicAra hoya che te svAbhAvika rIte ja lAlacothI bacavA bAhya saMjogethI game te bhoge paNa aLagA raheze ane potAnA vikAro ane vAsanAone maMda karavA ane teTaluM karaze. paraMtu e bAbatamAM vadhAre paDatA AgrahathI ApaNuM naitika jIvana bahera mArI jAya che e vAta paNa jovAnI che; kAraNa ke pApane ghaTADe ghaNe agatyanuM che e vAta kharI, paNa te naitika unnatine eka bhAga mAtra che. jyAre jyAre tenA eka bhAgane vadhAre paDatuM vajana ApavAmAM Ave che tyAre tyAre mANasAI maMda, nirUtsAhI ane ekadezI thaI jAya che ane garIbAI kivA bakarILavata naramAza sarvoparI sadaguNa gaNuMvA lAge che. paraMtu tApasI AcaraNa have jhaDapathI nAbuda thatuM jAya che. ane e ja vAta batAvI Ape che ke temanA siddhAMtamAM samAelA naitika vicAra alpAyuSI hatA. chatAM hajI ghaNuM vyavahAramAM matabhinnatvanI muzkelI ubhI rahe che. kethalika nizALono mukhya udeza pApa aTakAvavAne ghaNuM karIne hoya che; paNa IglAMDanI bIjI sArvajanika zALAone uddeza ApaNu dareka zakitane yogya vikAsa karavAno hoya che ane pApanI saMbhavitatA aTakAvavAnI khAsa saMbhALa ahIM levAmAM AvatI nathI. vaLI, dharmanA je abhiprAyone pote khoTA mAnatA hoya te pratye sArA mANasonuM vyAvahArika vaLaNa paNa juduM juduM jovAmAM Ave che. sudhArake jevA keTalAka leke vehemI kriyAne asatya gaNI temAM bhAga letA nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa game teTaluM nuksAna veThIne paNa pitAne mata jAheramAM mukavA cUktA nathI. keTa

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa. lAMka mANasane pitAne temAM bilakula zraddhA hotI nathI; chatAM pote te kriyA kare che ane tenI virUddha bolanArAne sakhata rIte vakhoDe che. kAraNa ke temanA mata pramANe bhramathI paNa mANasane je dIlAse maLatA hoya to. te bhrama bhAMga nahi. keTalAka vaLI pite te kriyA karatA nathI, paNa lekenAM azikSita manane samajAvI taiyAra karI sudhAravAnI vAtane pasaMda kare che, ane sajajana saMbhaLAvajore dhIre dhIre sudhArAne sAra' e sUtra vyavahAramAM svIkAre che. bALa-lagnanI bAbatamAM paNa matabhinnatva jovAmAM Ave che. arthazAstrIo kahe che ke sukhanA dhoraNanI pAyarI utAravAthI bhatika AbAdI ghaTe che; mATe bALa lagna na karavAM. kethalika gurUo kahe che ke mANasane meTe bhAga DahApaNanA uze lagna meDAM kare to pApa vadhe, mATe bALalagna karavAM. vaLI keTalAka pathamAM kevaLa nirdoSa AnaMdamAM bhAga levAnI paNa baMdhI che, kAraNa ke temAMthI pApa athavA pApanA prasaMga upajI Ave che. keTalAka vaLI prasaMge prasaMge AnaMdotsava kare che. keInI vRtti jANI joIne pApamAM pravRtta thavAnI hotI nathI, tethI A mata bhinnatvamAM siddhAMtane bheda nathI paNa vadhatA ochA sadAcArane bheda hoya che. eka kahe che ke game te rIte paNa pApa aTakAvavuM. bIje kahe che ke pApanI hada oLaMgyA sivAya nirdoSa ramata gamate zA mATe na karavI ? paNa A hada bAMdhavI kayAM? temAM paNa ghaNuM kamavAra pagathI hoya che. ane kAyadA, dhArA, ane nAtanA rIvAja paratve mANase temanA guNa doSa viSe aneka: prazna ubhA kare che. prazna e thAya che ke evI bAbatamAM sArA narasAnI ' spaSTa lITI kayAM deravI? amuka hada payeta nirdoSa gamatamAM pApa nathI, ane pachI temAM pApa thAya che e praznane nirNaya kayA niyamane AdhAre ApaNe karavo ? A praznanA javAbamAM taravAdIne kabula karavuM paDe che ke evI kAI lITI dorI zakAya ema nathI; evo niyama kaI che ja nahi. ApaNA naitika svabhAvamAM rUpi bhASAthI spaSTa karI bhAgye ja samajAvI zakAya che. evI agamya rIte teo eka bIjAmAM bhaLI jAya che ke temAMthI koI

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha ItahAsa. eka maTI bIjuM kayAre thaI jAya che te spaSTa karavuM azakya che. manuSyanuM je jIvana kudarate nirmita karyuM che tene sarva pAsA sarakhe vikAsa kare e manuSyanA jIvanane uddeza che ane Ane artha eTale ja thAya che ke tenA jIvanane mukhya ane sarvottama hetu naitika ho joIe. je samAja ke mANasamAM A naitika hetunI prabaLatA na hoya, te rogI hAlatamAM che naitika aMzanuM sarvoparIpaNuM che ke bInatakarArI che, paNa sAthe sAthe te moghama kiMvA anizcita paNa che ane deza ke kALa para anaMta nathI: ane tethI karIne pracalita dhoraNa sarvakALe sarakhuM hotuM nathI. nItizAstravettA te mAtra sAmAnya siddhAMto ja ApI zake che. A niyamone vyavahAramAM kema lagADavA e vAta te vyaktigata vRtti ke samAjanI sAmAnya bhAvanAthI ja banI zake che. A pramANe AMtaravAdamAM eka prakAranI maghamatA rahelI che. janahitavAdIo kahe che ke amArA vadhAremAM vadhAre sukhanA siddhAMtamAM evI anizcitatA nathI, paNa "vAjabI " "geravAjabI vacce hamezAM spaSTa lITI dorI zakAya che ane tethI naitika matabheda lAgaNanA rAjamAMthI nIkaLI spaSTa upapattinA viSaya thAya che. paraMtu ema belavAmAM janahitavAdIo lokene Thage ja che. nANAnI madada vaDe kApaDa, ghoDA ityAdi vijAtIya vastuonI levaDa devaDa ApaNe karI zakIe chIe, kAraNa ke nANA vaDe temanA vinimayanuM mApa thaI zake che. paraMtu sukha ke upagitAnA vijAtIya prakAranuM evuM sAmAnya mApa ApaNane maLI zake ema nathI. eka daSTAMta laIe. pAlItANe zetruMjAnI jAtrA nimitte hajAre leka varSovarSa bhegA thAya che. have A meLAthI ekaMdare lAbha vadhAre che ke hAni ? ane nItimAna mANase tene uttejana ApavuM ke kema ? e praznanuM nirAkaraNa janahitavAda kevI rIte karI Apaze ? hajAre lekone tethI nirdoSa ane Arogyavardhaka AnaMda thAya che. jUdA jUdA kenA samAgamathI anubhava ane jJAna vadhe che. sthAnika Arthika saMpattine protsAhana maLe che

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78. yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa ane relave kamAya che. dhaMdhA rojagAra ane kArIgIrIne paNa uttejana maLe che. bIjI rIte joIe to temAM hAni paNa ghaNI che. TADha taDakAthI mANase herAna thAya che. vakhate kolerA paNa phATI nIkaLe che. cerI ane vyabhicAranI taka mANasone maLe che ane vakhate thatA paNa haze. upale dharmavAdI kaheze ke A eka kAraNane lIdhe ja evA meLA baMdha karavA joIe; paNa e vAta lekene rUcaze nahi. Ama A meLAmAM lAbha ane geralAbha bane samAelA che; ane te mAnasika, zArIrika ke naitika hoya che. ghaNuM karIne badhA nItizAstrIo kaheze ke anItinA thoDAka dAkhalAone lIdhe evA meLAvaDA baMdha pADavA vAjabI nathI. AvaDe meTe mANasane samRddha bhegA thAya tyAre evA thoDAghaNA dAkhalA te bane ja, ane tenI saMbhALa pilisa rAkhaze. ekaMdare temAM hAni karatAM lAbha vizeSa che. paraMtu A lAbha hAnine trAjavAmAM taLI ekaMdare temanA naphA taTAno spaSTa hisAba batAvI Ape evo koI kAMTo janahitavAdI batAvI zake ema nathI. A ThekANe saitika lAbha karatAM naitika geralAbha vadhI jAya che evI spaSTa lITI doravA pote asamartha che e vAta AMtaravAdI kabula kare che. benyAmanA sUtromAMthI paNa A hada kema bAMdhI zakAya che e samajAtuM nathI. mAtra saMkhyAnI gaNatrIthI A praznanuM nirAkaraNa thaI jAya che ema belavAmAM mAtra sAhasa ja che. pitAnA sadAcAranA nAzathI thatI eka strInI pAyamAlI ane bIjI strInA AkhA divasane AnaMda-A bene eka kAMTe taLavAne durAgraha janahitavAdI nahi ja kare. tethI AvI bAbatamAM temanA bhedanI spaSTa lITI doravAnI azakyatA je doSa hoya te te deSa AMtaravAda ane janahitavAda bannene samAna che. have svArtha ane sadAcArane zuM saMbaMdha che te ApaNe TUMkAmAM joIe. janahitavAdane be jAtanA lAbha sAthe saMbaMdha che. vyaktine lAbha ane samAjane lAbha. prathama jAtane lAbha saghaLA sadAcArano aMtima uddeza che; bIjo lAbha sadAcArane chevaTa hetu che. AMtaravAdI kahe che ke svAthI - sadAcArI ke zAbAzIvALuM che zake nahi. eka mANasa corI karavA

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AcaraNano svabhAvasiddha ItihAsa. te gayo che, paNa ekAeka pilisane joI bahI jAya ane corI karatAM aTake, to e katyane mANaso nItimAna kahetAM nathI. jeTale aMze sajA pAmavAnA bhayathI te kAma karavuM e choDI de, teTale aMze sadAcAranI zAbAzI ene ochI maLe che. kartavyanI lAgaNIthI ja mANase pApamAMthI mukta rahevAnuM che. Ama svArtha ane sadAcAra ekabIjAnA virodhI che e vAta kharI, paraMtu eTalA mATe svArthanA vicAra keI kALe paNa sadAcArane sahAyabhUta thaI zake nahi ema mAnavAmAM paNa bhUla che. prathama te, dhamakI ane sajAnA suvyavasthita dhoraNathI sadAcAranI dizA jevI spaSTa thAya che tevI bIjI kazAthI bhAgye ja thaI zake che. jyAre sadAcAra ane durAcAranA prajane vacce aMtaramAM vigraha cAle che tyAre ghaNIvAra dAna ane daMDanA vicArathI e jhaghaDAne aMta Ave che ane ApaNI pravRtti sadAcAramAM thAya che. ane vijayanA AvA dareka prasaMgathI sadAcAra daDha thatuM jAya che ane durAcAra nirbaLa thatA jAya che, ane chevaTe dAna ane daMDanA vicAranI sahAya vinA paNa te sadAcAra thavAne prasaMga Ave che. sAmAjIka lAbhanA saMbaMdhamAM be bhinna bhinna bAbate lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che. eka to, bIjAnuM kalyANa karavAmAM pravRtta thavuM e bezaka sadAcArane eka prakAra che, paNa temAM ja sarva sadAcAra samAI jato nathI. athavA bIjI rIte bolIe te bIjI jAtanA keTalAka sadAcAra evA che, ke je lekane upayogI hoya vA na hoya, paNa te jAte ja sadAcAra che ane tethI kartavya tarIke te AcaravAnA che. bIjI vAta e che ke keTalIka vakhate upayogitAne prasaMga eve prabaLa ane mahatvano hoya che ke te vakhate evA sadAcArane paNa bhoga Apavo vAjabI gaNAya che. eka moTuM kArakhAnuM kADhatAM chevaTe durAcArane kAMika taka maLe che e vAtathI eka kArakhAnuM kADhatAM aTakavuM nahi. athavA je vAtathI atyaMta moTo lAbha thatuM hoya te vAta paratve maMgu rahetAM asatya gaNAtuM hoya te paNa te karavAmAM kAMI aDacaNa nathI; athavA keI nirdoSa mANasanI jIMdagI bacAvavA jUhuM paNa bolavuM paDe. paraMtu AvA keTalAka prasaMge upayogitAne

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- yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano ItihAsa agrasthAna apAya che te uparathI ema samajavAnuM nathI ke tenA karatAM nItinA vicAra uMcA prakAranA nathI. nIti ane upayogitA banne eka bIjAthI atyaMta bhinna che ane temAM nItinA vicAra upayogitAthI vadhAre uttama che. ane vakhate bannenI vacce virodha paNa hoya che. tenuM ane rUpe bhinna bhinna dhAtuo che. rUpA karatAM sonuM vadhAre kiMmatI che, chatAM thaDA senAne badale rUpAne meTe ja levAthI vakhate vadhAre lAbha thAya che. AMtaravAdanI sAme mUkAtA eka bIjA AkSepanI paNa ahIM spaSTatA karavAnI jarUra che. AMtaravAdI kahe che ke naitika pratyese ApaNane svabhAvasiddha che. tyAre manuSyane svabhAva kayo ? evo prazna ubho karI keTalAka kahe che ke jaMgalI ane cheka prAthamika dazAmAM je svabhAvanI pratIti thAya che te ja manuSyano kudaratI svabhAva gaNAya; ane keTalAka kahe che ke sudharelA manuSyamAM kRtrima Tevo ane bAhya prApti bAda karatAM je bhAga saMskArI ane vikAsa pAmele bAkI rahe che te manuSyane kudaratI svabhAva gaNAya. Ama manuSyanA kudaratI svabhAvanA be artha thaI zake che tene lAbha laI bAhya anubhavavAdIo kahe che ke jaMgalI ane sudha relAmAM bheda mAtra bAhya prAptine ja che, AMtaravikAsano bheda bilakula nathI. A vicArane anusarI, jaMgalI lekenAM je varNane musAphara Ape che temAMthI dAkhalA laI temanAmAM naitika vicArane abhAva batAvI, ApaNA naitika bheda svabhAva siddha hevAnI teo nA kahe che. have, A varNane ghaNuM karIne atyaMta avizvasanIya hoya che, kAraNa ke je musApharoe evAM varNana karyA che temane te te dezanI bhASA AvaDatI nahotI, jaMgalI lekenA jIvananA rahasyanI temane mAhitI nahotI, ane mAtra pitAnA ja dharaNathI temanI nIti avelekatA hatA; eTaluM ja nahi, paNa pite evI vicitratAmAM atizakti paNa umeratA. tethI temanA kahevA upara bharose rAkhavo egya nathI. tame kaheze ke aDhAramA saikAmAM TrAnsanA nItizAstravettAo jaMgalI dazAmAM rahelI naitika avasthAne sarvottama gaNatA hatA, tethI tamAre naitika vikAsane siddhAMta asaMgata kare che te te paNa bhUla

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81 AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. che; kAraNa ke te samaye tattvavettAo yuktivAdanA pariNAme saMzayavAdI thaI gayA hatA ane vAra ityAdi lekhake pracalita dharma ane nItine kevaLa kRtrima ane vahemI kaDI temanI hAMsI karatA hatA, chatAM ardha jaMgalo cIna ane cInAonA vartanane yutisiddha ane pavitra gaNatA hatA; tethI A lekhakene lIdhe te lake bhramamAM paDayA hatA. paraMtu jaMgalI dazAnAM citrone dalIlanI khAtara kharAM mAnI laIe te paNa pratipakSIne naitika vikAsanI nA kahevI che te vAta emAMthI siddha thatI nathI. AMtaravAdI kharuM kahe che ke ApaNA svabhAvanA ucca ane nIca vibhAgane tevA rUpe oLakhavAnI ApaNAmAM svAbhAvika zakita rahelI che. paraMtu zArIrika cakSunI mAphaka AMtarika AMkha paNa kavacita bIDAelI rahI zake che. iMdriyajanya tRptimAM mANase nimagna rahe che tyAre bezaka ema ja thAya che. ropAnI mAphaka mANasane paNa pitAnI svAbhAvika zakitaonA . saMpUrNa vikAsane mATe anukULa jamInanI jarUra che. tethI anukULa saMjeganA abhAve jaMgalIone mAnasika ke naitika vikAsa thaI zaka na hoya to tethI te zaktio temanAmAM mULe ja nathI ema siddha thatuM nathI. te zaktio to tyAM che ja; paNa saMjoganA abhAve jAgrata thaI zakI nathI. jaMgalI dazAmAM mANaso barAbara vAMdarAnI mAphaka ja AcaraNa kare che ema siddha thAya te paNa mANasa maTI mANasa vAMdaruM thaI zakatuM nathI. te bemAM svAbhAvika bheda cheH pitAnI zaktione vikAsa karavAnI vAMdarAmAM zakti nathI, mANasamAM che. saMjoganI anukULatAe sudharI jaMgalI mANasa sudharele ane sadAcArI thaI zakaze, vAMdaro nahi thaI zake. vaDanAM pAMdaDAM jema paththaramAM dekhAtAM nathI tema tenA jhINuM bIjamAM paNa dekhAtAM nathI; chatAM te bIjamAMthI vaDanuM vRkSa thaI zakaze, paNa te pathare te patharo ja raheze. nIti-zAstranA be mukhya siddhAMtane bheda have vAMcanArane spaSTa samajAyo haze; ane A bAhyanItivAda ane AMtaranItivAdamAM nItinA aneka matamatAMtara aMte aMtargata thaI jAya che. have, A be siddhAtinA pAyAbhUta tatvajJAnamAM paNa bheda rahe che. bAhyaanubhavavAdIo kahe che

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa ke saghaLuM jJAna ApaNane Idiyajanya anubhavamAMthI ja thAya che. AMtara vAdIo kahe che ke jJAna upajAvavAmAM amuka aMze cidazakitanI svataMtra sahAya paNa Avazyaka che. A bIjo mata paTenI pUrva astitvanA sidhrAMtamAM dazya thAya che. keTalAka vicAre ApaNuM aMtaHkaraNamAM evA hoya che ke jemane khulAse janamyA pachI thatA anubhavathI thaI zakato nathI, mATe temanuM astitva mANasamAM tenA janmanI pUrve hovuM joIe, ane eTalA mATe pUrva-astitvane siddhAMta yathAsthita che. sattaramA saikAmAM svabhAva-siddha vicArone je mata pracalita hato te A siddhAMtane anya prakAra mAtra hato. paraMtu laukanA samayamAM e siddhAMta para je samajaNa hatI te have lepa pAmI gaI che ane have ghaNuMkharA tattvavettAo ema mAne che ke jema amuka jAtanI kaLImAMthI amuka jAtanuM phula avazya khIlavuM joIe, tema ApaNAmAM paNa keTalIka zaktio evI che ke je bAhya sRSTinI sahAya vinA keTalAka vicArone mAtra pitAnA vikAsathI ja meLavI zake ema che ane keTalAka vicAre avazya karIne ema ene maLavA ja joIe; ane arvAcIna samayamAM A vAtane prANIonAM aMga jJAnanI prabaLatA ane vistAranA nirIkSaNathI Teke maLe che. ane kenTa te spaSTa kahe che ke ApaNe dareka jJAnamAM be aMza hoya che; eka aMza pUrvasiddha niyamarUpa hoya che ane bIjo aMza pazcAta-siddha ane teno viSaya hoya che-te niyamanA daSTAMtarUpa hoya che. paraMtu bAhya anubhavavAdIo A vAta svIkAratA nathI. mananI zaktio kriyAkAraka hovAnI teo banatAM sudhI nA kahe che, ane bane teTaluM mahatva teo bAhya anubhavane Ape che. AMtaravAdIo kahe che ke ApaNAmAM keTalIka svabhAva siddha zaktio. rahelI che, jenuM pahelethI ja ApaNane jJAna thAya che e svIkAra avazya ApaNe karavuM ja joIe; nahi te jJAnanI saMbhavitA ja rahetI nathI. have tattvajJAnamAM je ciMtaka iMdriya-vijJAnavAdI hoya che te nItimAM svArthavAdI ke janahitavAdI hoya che. paraMtu AMtaravAdI naitika zaktinA ane stitvane svIkAra hamezAM kare che. arthAta jJAnanI prakriyA joDe nItinA

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. 83 siddhAMtane gADha saMbaMdha che. jJAnanI utpattinA siddhAMta paratve je kaMI paNa vAtathI mAnyatAmAM koIpaNa pheraphAra thAya to teTale aMze nItinA siddhAMtamAM paNa pheraphAra thayA vinA rahetuM nathI. prAcIna ane arvAcIna samayanA mahAna vicAranA kramamAM paNa sAmya chatAM bheda che. prAcIna samayamAM, upayogitAne nAme vitpattinA vilakSaNa vicAramAMthI lokonI buddhine sokreTise manuSyanA naitika svabhAvanA abhyAsa pratye vALI hatI. arvAcIna samayamAM, e ja upayogitAne nAme madhya samayanA naiyAyikanA nirarthaka tAttvika vAdavivAdamAMthI bekane lokonI pravRttine sRSTinA padArthonuM zAstrIya zodhana karavAnI dizAmAM vALI che. ane bekananI pitAnI cokkasa paddhati ane navAM zodhelAM yaMtro ane sAhityane lIdhe, temaja buddhimAna manuSyonI buddhine lIdhe e dizAmAM ghaNuM protsAhana maLyuM che. ane arvAcIna prajAomAM ikiya vijJAna vAdane prasAra A caLavacaLane lIdhe vadhAre thAya che ane ene lIdhe ja prAcIna ane arvAcIna ItihAsanI vacce keTalAka ati agatyanA bheda upajI AvyA che. prAcIna samayamAM tatvajJAnanA vicAra amuka maryAdAmAM pharyA karyA che; arvAcIna samayamAM navI navI zAstrIya zedho karavAmAM mANasa pravRtta rahe che. prAcIna leke ema mAnatA ke prajAnI sattA ane ghaNe vakhate te prajAnI svataMtratA paNa jALavI rAkhavA mATe mAnasika ane naitika guNonuM satata, pretsAhana rahevuM joIe. tethI jyAre koI prajAnuM zairya athavA buddhi maMda paDI jatAM, tyAre bIjA rAjyone amala tenA upara jAmate ane pAchA ene e ja ItihAsa dazya thato. bezaka, koI mahAna prajA kArIgarI ane sAhityanA anupama namunA pAchaLa mUkI jatI, uMcI pratinuM tattvajJAna mUkI jatI, zairyane protsAhana Ape evAM cAritryanA daSTAMta mukI jatI, ane prajAne vinAza aTakAve evI sUcanAo paNa vakhate karI jatI, paraMtu e badhAM mananI amuka dazAmAM ja upayogI thAya evAM che. paNa hAlanA samayanI sudharelI prajAnI zreSThatAne AdhAra navI navI zodhakhoLa upara raheluM che, ane A zodhakhoLa evI hoya che ke je ekavAra thaI eTale

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84 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. kadi jatI rahetI nathI ane tethI tenI asara naitika jIvananI asthiratA mAMthI meTe bhAge mukta rahe che. prAcIna samayamAM koI mahAna purUSanuM Agamana prajAnI pragatimAM bha utpanna karI zakta athavA tene tvarita karI mUkatuM. arvAcIna samayamAM e ja kAma kaImeTI navIna zedhathI thAya che. chApavAnI kaLAthI bhUtakALamAM thaelo buddhino parizrama jaLavAI rahyo che ane tethI karIne bhaviSyamAM AgaLa vadhavAnI cekasa khAtrI maLI che dArUgaLA ane laDAyaka hathiyAranI zodhathI jaMgalI prajAne vijayI thavAno saMbhava have ja rahyo che. varALIyaMtrane lIdhe jUdI jUdI prajAo nikaTa saMbaMdhamAM AvavA lAgI che ane tethI ekatA vadhI che. ane asaMkhya yAMtrika yukitaone lIdhe audyogika tattva eTaluM badhuM bahAra AvI gayuM che ke tethI ApaNA sudhArAnI dareka zAkhA raMgAI gaI che. jarIka vicAratAM dareka jaNane mAlama paDaze ke sRSTi-vijJAna zAstrano abhyAsa, dhakhoLa karavAnI kuzaLatA ane audyogika sAhasa-A traNe bAbatano e arasaparasa saMbaMdha che ke koI paNa prajA temAMthI ekane lAMbA vakhata sudhI prayAsa kare to bIjI be bAbate tenI pachavADe emanI meLe cAlI Ave che. kudaratanA kAyadAnuM jJAna hoya te navI navI zo thaI zake che, ane zedhanAM sAhityathI jJAna vadhatuM jAya che, ane udyogane AdhAra e banne upara che, tethI temane A saMbaMdha amuka aMze kAryakAraNa saMbaMdha che. uparAMta temanAmAM ekarAgatA paNa rahelI che. vicAranuM eka ja jAtanuM valaNa ke Teva A traNe rUpe vistRta thAya che. vyAhArika mANasanAM e lakSaNa che, kevaLa vicArakanAM nathI hotAM. evo mANasa sAvadha rahI avalokana kare che ane prayoga karavAmAM pravRtta rahe che. TUMkAmAM, te kevaLa vicAraka nathI hota, paNa sudhAraka hoya che. prAcIna leke ema mAnatA ke kudarata upara koI deva pitAnI marajI pramANe amala kare che, tethI sRSTi vijJAna zAstra pratye temane abhAva thaye; ane audyogika sAhaso. temanAmAM gulAma karatA, tethI te sAhasa upara paNa temane abhAva hata; tethI teo vicArazIla vadhAre rahyA; A banne bAbate upara arvAcIna

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. * 85 samayamAM bhAva pragaTayo che; tethI tene anukULa vyavahArika unnati paNa thaI che. - je mAnasika valaNone lIdhe arvAcIna samayamAM bhautika AbAdI thaI che ane sudhAre eka dhArAe cAlI rahyo che te valaNe prAcIna samayamAM valaNe karatAM uttama che e nirvivAda che. paraMtu A lAbha cAritryanI uccatA ane gauravanA kAMIka bhoge kharIdAya che e paNa nisaMzaya che. jyAre mAnasika ane naitika guNe mANasanA mukhya uddeza thAya che, jyAre iMdriyajanya upabhoganI vastuothI mANasanAM mana atyaMta vegaLA rahe che, tyAre ja ghaNuM manuSyo ucca rIte nItimAna hoya che ane sadAcAranuM dharaNa paNa ati uMcuM rahe che. bIjI bAbatanI peThe ahIM paNa sAMgatyanA kAyadAno amala saMpUrNa cAle che. jaDa vastuonA guNe upara je mana ghaNuM karIne coMTI rahe che te mane ghaNuM karIne pitAnA saghaLA vicAra Ikrie - citana kare che tenuM valaNa caitanyavAda tarapha hoya che; ane nItinA pracalita siddhAMtane AdhAra A bheda upara bahu rahelo hoya che. " paraMtu temanA siddhAMtamAM matabheda chatAM banne matanA anuyAyIonA vyAvahArika AcaraNamAM jhAjho phera hotA nathI. nItivettAo kAMI samAjanI bahAra rahetA nathI; ane tethI samAjanI sAmAnya lAgaNIone anubhava temane paNa thAya che, kAraNa ke samAjanA vAtAvaraNamAM teo paNa ucharelA hoya che. nItinA jananane siddhAMta teo game te Ape, paraMtu saMsAramAM sadAcAra tarIke lekhAtA AcaraNane teo paNa vAjabI gaNe che, ane pitAnA siddhAMtamAMthI te phalita thAya che ema siddha karavA teo mathe che. paraMtu temane A prayAsa niSphaLa che ema AgaLa ApaNe joyuM che. A banne matamAM sadAcAra te tene te ja rahe che. paraMtu judA judA sadAcArane apAtI agatyatA bane matamAM jUdI jUdI che ane naitika uttamatAnAM" judAM judAM dRSTi-biMdu bAMdhI tene uttejIta karavAnuM teo kahe che. A pramANe eMIka matavALA Atma-saMyamane sarvottama kahe che ane te matamAM nItino prauDha guNo upajAvavAnI khAsa anukULatA che. hacIsanI zubhecchAne sarvo

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86 ' yuropIya AcaraNano prajAna itihAsa. ttama mAne che ane te matathI kamaLa guNo khAsa khIlI nIkaLe che, ane janahitavAda audyogika guNene khAsa karIne anukULa che. A traNamAMthI je AcaraNa samAjamAM sarvottama manAtuM hoya tene anurUpa nItine siddhAMta te samAjamAM grahaNa thAya che. ane siddhAMta baMdhAyA pachI te AcaraNa, dRDhatara thatuM jAya che. Ama AcaraNa ane siddhAMta eka bIjAne daDha kare che. AcaraNano ItihAsa lakhanAre A vAta lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che. etheMnsamAM anya mata lagabhaga asta pAmI gayA hatA, te paNa epikadhurasane mata lAMbA vakhata sudhI TakI rahyo hato. ethI ulaTuM ramanA mahArAjyamAM lagabhaga saghaLA mahAna purUSo sTaIka matanA anuyAyIo hatA ane epikyurasane mata julamI ane bhraSTa gaNAti hato. AMtaravAdamAM sAduM ane spaSTa bAhya dhoraNa nahi hovAthI e mata vahemI, kAMIka emAM guhyana samajAya tevuM hoya evo, tarehavAra, yutihIna, ane avyavahAra lokone lAge che ane janahitavAdamAM svArthanI pradhAnatA hovAthI ane -lAbhanI gaNatrI temAM vAraMvAra AvatI hovAthI ucca naitika dRSTibiMdune nIce utArI nAkhavAnuM temAM valaNa raheluM che. ane tethI cAritrya svAtha ane halakuM thaI javAne temAM saMbhava che. AMtaravAdamAM nItinuM prAdhAnya hovAthI jIvanane jhoka ane dhoraNa uMcA rahe che. AsapAsanA saMganI asara manuSyanA vartana upara kevI thAya che te janahitavAda jaNAvatA hovAthI, paNa agatyanA vyAvahArika sudhArAne te janma Ape che. Ama dareka mata eka bIjAnI beTa pUrI pADI eka bIjAne sudhAre che. paNa temAMthI ekane ja vaLagI temAMthI aMte pariNAma kADhavA besIe to anartha Ave che, ane te vakhate tenA harIpha matano upara hAtha thaI jAya che. A pramANe mANaso pitAnI naitika vRttionI parIkSA ane vagIkaraNa kevI rIte kare che te saMbaMdhI jUdA jUdA siddhAMta ane temanuM valaNa ApaNe jANyuM. have je paddhatie A vRttione vikAsa thato jAya che, athavA bIjI rIte bolIe te, je kAraNone lIdhe samAjanuM naitika dharaNa ucca thatuM jAya che ane jene lIdhe bIjA karatAM amuka sadAcAra pratye

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. 87 temane pakSapAta vadhAre baMdhAya che te kAraNe have ApaNe tapAsIe. ane temAMthI keTalAka ghaNuM upayogI sAmAnya niyamo ApaNane maLI Avaze.. jema jema samAjanI vyavasthA bArIka thatI jAya che tema tema sainika sadAcAra ane vairAgya-vRttinA sadAcAranA bhAge milanasAra ane vyavahArika sadgunI jamAvaTa vadhAre vadhAre thatI thAya che e vAta te spaSTa che. vaLI sadAcAra samajIne sadAcAra tha joIe. svabhAvamAMthI enI meLe upajI AvatuM vartana sadAcArI ne kahevAya. AvA sadAcArane prathama prakAra mAthe paDelA duHkhane hiMmatathI sahana karavuM te ghaNuM karIne hoya che; ane te sadAcAra jaMgalIomAM AgaLa paDato hoya che. te dizAmAM mANase cAre pAsa bhayathI vIMTAelA hoya che; samAjanI vyavasthA hotI nathI; ane leke laDAyaka hoya che. tethI moTI hiMmata ane sahanazIlatAnAM kAryo vArevAra thAya che, ane unnatine AdhAra paNa te samaye tevAM kAryo upara heya che. paraMtu jema jema samAjanI vyavasthA baMdhAtI jAya che tema tema tevAM kAryonA prasaMga ochI thaI jAya che, tethI tevAM kAryo bahu nathI thatAM . ane thAya tenI bahu asara thatI nathI. vaLI jema jema sudhAre vadhate jAya che tema tema kenI rUci ane Teva, temanI zAMti ane sukhavadhe ane duHkha ochuM thAya evI aneka navI navI zodha thaelI hovAthI, sainika sadAcArathI taddana bhinna dizAmAM samAjanI pravRttine vALe che ane tethI je ke cAritraya komaLa ane rasika thAya che, paraMtu sAthe kAMIka nibaLa paNa thatuM jAya che. vairAgyavRtti ke jene lIdhe mANaso saMsArane tyAga karI atyaMta pavitra thavA jaMgalamAM tapa karavA jAya che te paNa svAbhAvika rIte ja kAMIka azira dazAmAM ja hoI zake che, ke je dazAmAM saMsArane tyAga kara sehele hoya che ane tethI vAraMvAra te thAya che. paraMtu jyAre samAjanI samRddhi AbAda hoya che, mojazokha ane tenAM sAdhane puSkaLa hoya che, audyogika sAhasa tIvra hoya che, ane eka bIjAne sahAya karavAmAM nIkaTa baMdhanathI baMdhAelA leke hoya che, tyAre je vAtathI samAjane lAbha thAya te mukhyatve karIne sadAcAra gaNAya che ane sadAcAranI te

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88 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. vRttine rAjakAyadAthI maLatI keLavaNI vadhAre daDha kare che; kAraNa ke kAyado jo ke naitika bhedonI chApa mana upara uMDI pADe che, paraMtu tenI sAthe te bhedone bAhya ane upayogitAnA dhoraNathI mApavAnI Teva paNa lekamAM pADe che. evI sthitimAM AMtaravAda janahitavAdane mArga ApI de che, ane udeza maNI sadAcAra sAdhana gaNavA lAge che. sAmAnya rIte leke dayALu ane mIlanasAra hoya che, paraMtu kartavyanI ucca lAgaNI ane A duniyAyAnA sukha duHkhanI darakAra na rAkhe evI pavitratA hamezAM sukhanI spaSTa ane sIdhI vRddhi karI zakatI nathI, ane tethI karIne temanI ucca gaNanA eve samaye thatI nathI. jaMgalI jIvanamAM idiya-lelupatA mukhya hevAthI A ucca sadAcArane temAM abhAva hoya che. ane saitika sudhArAnI atyaMta AbAdInA samayamAM A sadAcArane bahAra lAvI khIlave evuM anukuLa pracalita vAtAvaraNa hetuM nathI athavA tenI kiMmata te vakhata thatI nathI. tethI A benI vacalI sthitimAM ja e sadAcAra ghaNuM karIne khIlI zake che. paraMtu keTalAka saddaguNo khAsa karIne sudharelI dazAnAM ja pariNAma hoya che. sthAnika ke kaI khAsa agenI gerahAjarImAM, jaMgalI ke ardha jaMgalI dazAmAMthI atyaMta sudharelI dazAmAM mANasane dazA-pAla jyAre thAya che tyAre tenI sAthe vicAra ane raheNI karaNIno amuka pAlaTe paNa avazya karIne Ave che. prathama to, veranI vAjabI tRpti paNa nAza pAme che agara aMkuzamAM Ave che. jaMgalI ke ardha-jaMgalI dazAmAM mANase pitAnA veranI tRpti pitAnA ja hAthamAM rAkhe che. sudharelA samAjamAM nyAyanI adAlate sthapAya che ane niSpakSa nyAyAdhIze gunAne nyAya kare che. vaLI sudharelA samAjamAM lekenI pravRtti laDAyaka maTI zAMta thAya che, jaMgalI ramata gamatane badale rasika ane buddhine khIle evA zokhanI vRddhi thAya che, judAM judAM baMdhanathI jJAtio ane prajAo tvarAthI saMkalita thavA mAMDe che, ane buddhinI khIlavaNIne lIdhe kalpanA zakti. daDha ane majabUta thatI jAya che. koI vastune hRdaya sammukha tAdasya khaDI karI.

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha ItihAsa. ApavAnI zakti kalpanAmAM rahelI hovAthI, A kalpanA zakti ApaNA svabhAvanA naitika ane mAnasika bhAgone joDanArI mukhya kaDI che. duHkhanI Abehuba kalpanA thAya tyAre ja te duHkha upara ApaNane dayA upajI zake che, ane A tAdasyatAnA pramANamAM ghaNuM karIne ApaNuM dayAnI prabaLatA. hoya che. ApaNI najara samukha banatA mRtyunA prasaMgathI ApaNane jeTalI dayA upajaze teTalI dayA amerikAmAM thaelA dharatIkaMpathI ApaNane upajaze nahi. mukhyatve karIne A ja kAraNane laIne koI prasiddha gunegArane matanI sajA thAya tyAre ghaNuM karIne ApaNane atyaMta dayA upaje che; A ja kAraNane lIdhe rAjAonI bAbatamAM ApaNane prema ane utsAha rahe che. ane aitihAsika pheMsalA ApavAmAM aneka prakAranI spaSTa asaMgatatA ApaNe batAvIe chIe. elakajhAMDara ke sIjhara je moTA mANasa lAkhone gulAma banAve che ane hajArene resI mAre che e vAta bhUlI jaI TA chavAyA tenA koI udAra kArya upara ApaNI najara kare che. ItihAsanA moTAmAM moTA karUNAjanaka banAve sAdI ane nirbaLa bhASAmAM lakhAyA hoya to tenI asara ApaNane lagabhaga thatI nathI. hajAro mANasone nepaliyane khuvAra karyA hatA e vAta bhUlI jaI seMTa helinAmAM kedI tarIke pitAnA dAregAnI sAme kevI kevI karkaza phariyAda te karato hato e ghaNuM kharA mANasonI kalpanAmAM bhamyA kare che. ApaNA svabhAvanI nirbaLatA evI che ke jaMgIjhakhAne ke taimare duniyAmAM karAvelI raDAroLa karatAM eka baMdIvAna rAjaputrInAM AMsuthI ke koI khAnagI jIvananAM ekAdA nirjIva prasaMgathI ApaNe vadhAre uzkerAI jaIe chIe. ApaNu zubhecachAnI vRttio upara kalpanAnI AvI sattA cAlatI hevAthI, spaSTa che ke vastune tAdasya karI ApatI A zaktinAM sattA ane vistAra je saMjogothI vadhe te saMjogo mIlanasAra saddaguNane anukULa Ave che ane keLavaNIthI ghaNe meTe aMze e vAta banI zake che e paNa spaSTa che. anya jJAtio, prajAo, bIjAnA vicAra ane bIjAnuM jIvana bIna keLavAyelA mANasanI kalpanAmAM utaratAM nathI, paraMtu jema jema enA jJAnanI vRddhi thatI

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90 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. jAya che, tema tema emanuM rahasya ene samajAtuM jAya che, ane tethI temanA pratye enI dalasojI paNa vadhatI jAya che kAraNake jJAnanI vRddhi sAthe tenI kalpanAnI zakti paNa khIlatI jAya che. dareka vAta jeTale aMze samajAya che teTale aMze kalpanAne tAdRzya thaI zake che, ane ApaNAmAM dayA upajAvavA mATe A tAdazyatA Avazyaka che e vAta upara kahI che. tethI ja karIne sudharelA mANasanI kalpanA keLavAelI hovAthI bIjAnI lAgaNIonA bArIka bheda e samajI zake che ane temane anukULa thaI varate che; vaLI tethI ja karIne sudhArAnA pramANamAM dayAnI tIvra lAgaNI thAya che ane nirdayatAthI hRdayane kamakamATI Ave che. Ama zubhecchA ane kalpanAne A saMbaMdha che. paNa nirdayatA be prakAranI thAya che ane darekanAM kAraNa ane pariNAma ekabIjAthI bhinna hoya che. eka prakAranI nirdayatAmAM hadaya kevaLa kora ane jaMgalI hoya che; arthAta AvA prakAranA nirdaya mANasane ka95nAnI keLavaNI maLI nathI hotI; paNa je maLI hoya te nirdaya e nahi thAya. bIjA prakAranI nirdayatAmAM hRdaya jherIluM ane kinnAkhora hoya che. A prakAranA mANasanI kalpanA keLavAelI hoya che ane nirdayatAmAM ene khAsa majA Ave che. prathama paMktine mANasa dIlane sakhata, mUrkha ane kAMIka gAphela svabhAvane heya che, ane te prakAranI krUratA baLavAna, vijayI prajA ane samazItoSNa dezamAM ghaNuM karIne vadhAre dekhAya che. AvI nirdayatAnuM moTe bhAge kAraNa e hoya che ke tevA mANasane AgalAnA duHkhanI tAdRzya kalpanA thatI nathI. bIjI jAtanI kraratAmAM kAMIka bAyalApaNuM raheluM che ane julamane bhegA thaI paDelI prajAmAM, garama dezomAM ane tAmasI prakRtinAM manuSyomAM sAmAnya rIte e jovAmAM Ave che. atizaya jhera ane kinnAnI sAthe ghaNIvAra atizaya kamaLatA paNa rahelI hoya che, ane atizaya kaThoratAnI sAthe mananI atizaya moTAI paNa ghaNIvAra hoya che; paraMtu kinnAkhora svabhAvamAM mananI meTAI ane kaThora jiMgalI svabhAvamAM kamaLatA, kavacita ja hoya che. prAcIna remana lekamAM

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AcaraNano svabhAva siddha itihAsa, kaThoratA ane mananI moTAIne apUrva saMga thayuM hatuM; ane arvAcIna ITAliyana ghaNuM jherIlA chatAM kemaLa hoya che. ane jAtanI krUratA sudhArA vadhatAM ochI thatI jAya che, paNa jude jude aMze ane jUdA jUdI kAra ne laIne keLavAelI kalpanAnI bArIka lAgaNuM AvatAM kaThoratA adazya thAya che; ane pitapotAnuM khAnagI vera pite ja levAne badale nyAyanI adAlatadvArA te meLavavAnA sudhArAthI jherI karatA ochI thaI jAya che. je mAnasika keLavaNIthI bIjAnuM duHkha dazya thatAM kalpanA dvArA dayA upaje che, te ja keLavaNIthI lekanAM cAritrya ane abhiprAya paNa kapa nAmAM tAdRzya thaI zake che, ane tethI temanA pratye udAra buddhi upaje che. AvI anudAra vRtti moTe bhAge kalpanAnI apUrNa keLavaNIne lIdhe ja thAya che. dareka matamatAMtara tenA anuyAyIone jevI rIte samajAtA hoya che tevI rIte anyane samajAtA nathI, ane tethI ja matavAdIomAM vizeSa karIne pitapotAnA mata mATe durAgraha rahe che. vizALa hRdayanA ane keLa vAelA mANasamAM vAdavivAdanI kaDavAza ochI hoya che, kAraNa ke tevAM mANase eka bIjAnA manamAM pravezI zake che ane eka bIjA pratye samAna-vRtti rAkhI zake che. ghaNI vakhata koI gunegAra viSe ApaNe sakhata abhiprAya bAMdhIe chIe, kAraNa ke mananI avasthI karatAM dasya kArya kalpa nAne vadhAre seTelAIthI tAdazya thaI zake che. sadAcAranA saMpUrNa vAtAvaraNa mAM ucharelA mANasa durAcArInA dRzya saMjogo joI zake che, paNa tenA mananI avasthAne khyAla ene bhAgye ja AvI zake che. je vikArane anubhava ApaNane kadi thayo nathI tenA baLane tAdazya citAra khaDe karavA mATe, ApaNAthI kevaLa bhinna prakAranA naitika svabhAvane hatyamAM utAravA mATe, ke kharAba keLavaNuthI avazya karIne cAritryamAM je bhraSTatA ane adhamatA Ave che tene yathAsthita khyAla bAMdhavA mATe, kalpanAnI evI zakti joIe chIe ke jenI bakSIsa badhA mANasamAM hatI nathI. ApaNuM pitAnA vartanane abhiprAya ApavAmAM paNa kalpanAnI A nibaLatA keTalIka vakhata jaNAI Ave che; ane pitAnI yuvAnI nIvRttione tAdrazya

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\ / * *** dara yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane prajAna ItihAsa, karavAnI zakti jenI jatI rahI che evo kaI vRddha mANasa potAnI juvAnInA mUrkhatA sAMbhaLIne geravAjabI rIte tene kadi vaDe che. durAcArI mANasa pitAnA durAcAra chAtI kholIne svAbhAvika sadAcAravALA mANasa AgaLa kahI zakato nathI te tenA sadAcAranI bIkathI nahi, paNa tenI ajJAnatAnI bIkathI; kAraNa ke te jANe che ke anubhavanI khAmIne lIdhe sadAcArI mANasa tenI vAta samajI zake ema nathI. ahIM koI kaheze ke IzvaramAM durAcArane kAMI paNa aza leke svIkAratA nathI ane chatAM te nyAyI kahevAya che. te tene javAba e che ke IzvaramAM saMpUrNa nItinI sAthe sarvajJatA paNa rahelI che; tethI mananI dareka avasthA te sArI rIte samajI zake che, ane tethI dareka mANasanI sAthe te samacittatA rAkhI zake che, mATe ja te nyAyI kahevAya che. jema jema ApaNI viveka zakti vadhatI jAya che ane kalpanA zakti khIlatI jAya che tema tema ApaNane lAgatuM jAya che ke cAritrya ane abhiprAya upara saMgenI asara bahu thAya che, ane naitika asamAnatenA ApaNu AgalA abhiprAya bahu bhUlabharelA hatA ema ApaNane lAgatuM jAya che. A pramANe jyAM prathama prabaLa aNagamA hoya che tyAM ghIme dhIme vRttio kamaLa thatI jAya che. udAra abhiprAya bAMdhatAM mANaso zIkhe che, paNa naitika utsAha kAMIka kamI thAya che. vaLI sudhArAnI bhinna bhinna dazAmAM kalpanAne vikAsa paNa bhinna bhinna thAya che. prAthamika sudhArAnI nirbaLa dazAmAM sUkSma vicAre grahaNa karavAnI zakti tenAmAM DIja hoya che, ane tethI evA vicAre skUla ane rUpaka rUpe ja enAthI samajI zakAya che. lekhana kaLAnI zarUAta citralIpI athavA sAMketika citrathI thAya che. zarUAtanI Izvara-bhaktimAM chavAra paNa ke mUrtipUjA hoya che. vastRtva zakti prathama citrAtmaka, indriyagrAhya ane alaMkArika hoya che; ane tatva ciMtananI zarUAta deva devIonI kathAthI thAya che. kalpanA prathama pRthak prathapha dAkhalAo upara ja ceTei che; pachI sAmAnya aMza upara lakSa rAkhatAM zIkhI dhIme dhIme jAti ke suvyavasthita saMsthA samajI zake che; ane naitika ke mAnasika siddhAMtanuM grahaNa

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha ItihAsa. sudhArAnI ati ucca dazAe pahoMcyA pachI ja te karI zake che. Ama hovAthI, sudhArAnI dazAne yogya naitika utsAhamAM paNa kAma hoya che. te Ama naitika unnatinA kramanA sAmAnya niyamonuM jJAna ApaNane thAya che, paNa A jJAna gaNitanA jJAna jevuM coksa ane akSara nathI hotuM; chatAM teo satyanI AsapAsamAM ja hoya che. naitika unnatinA niyamanuM ApaNuM jJAna AbehavAnA niyamonA jJAna jevuM che. viSuvavRttanI najIka ke dUra jema jema ApaNe jaIe tema tema tenI AbohavA kevI hovI joIe te, garamInA sAmAnya niyamone AdhAre ApaNe AgaLathI kahI zakIe chIe, ane ekaMdare e niyame sAcA paNa mAlama paDI Ave che. tathApi, ke dezanI sapATI uMcI hoya, agara moTA parvanI hAra temAM hoya, agara dariyAnI najIka te heya, te te niyama kAMIka khoTA paNa paDe che. naitika parivartananA ItihAsamAM paNa emaja che. dhArmika ke rAjakIya saMsthAo, bhUgoLa viSayaka hAlate, rUha thaelA saMpradAye ke rIvAjo, tethI upajatA amuka sahaja kaMTALA ke premaAvAM AvAM aneka kAraNone lIdhe naitika unnatimAM aneka prakAre judAM judAM vini ke lAbha hAMsala thAya che ane tethI tenA kamane sAmAnya pravAha kAMIka badalAI jAya che. atra Azaya mAtra eTaluM ja che ke A raNane svabhAvasiddha itihAsa satya vastu che, arthAta ApaNuM naitika vRttio eka spaSTa pravAhamAM niyame karIne khIlelI che. bIjI rIte bolI. e te keTalAka sadAcAranA samo evA che je asudharelA lokenA bAhya saMjoga ane mAnasika dazAomAMthI enI meLe pragaTI nIkaLe che, ane bIjA keTalAka evA che ke je niyame karIne sudhArAnA vAstavika phaLa tarIke manuSyane prApta thAya che. jaMgalI lekAnA sadaguNone sudharelA mANaso paNa svIkAre che; paraMtu temanA jeTalI agatyatA teo temane ApatA nathI ane tethI saMpUrNa aMze temane AcaraNamAM teo muktA nathI. Ama naitika abhiprAya harahameza badalAtA ja jAya che, ane A parivartanamAM zorya ane sahanazIlatAnuM dhIredhIre asta thavuM, dayA ane udAra vRttinuM

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yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. dhavuM, ane kevaLa bhaktine ThekANe svadezAbhimAna ane svataMtratAnA utsAhanuM Agamana-A pheraphAra karatAM vadhAre spaSTa bIjA koI dIsI AvatA nathI. vaLI sudhArAnI vRddhi sAthe satya bolavAne sadAcAra paNa ghaNuM karIne vadhatuM jAya che. koI jUThu na bhale eTale te satya bolyo evo satya rAbdane artha ahIM gaNavAne nathI. je mANasa jUThuM te na ja bole; paNa satya samajavAmAM je je hakIkata upayogI ane Avazyaka hoya te badhI hakIkata je chUpAve nahi agara chUpAvavAno prayatna na kare, athavA pramANikatAthI pUrepUrI tapAsa karyA vagara je mANasa nizcayapUrvaka kaI bAbatamAM bole nahi, te ja mANasa satyavAdI che ema samajavuM. AvI satyatA. dene karelI mAnahukamAM ghaNuM karIne prathama paLAelI jovAmAM Ave che; ane koI paNa dharmanI kizora avasthAmAM mAnatA ItyAdi bahu thAya che. paNa pachI sudhAre vadhatAM A satyatA bIjI traNa rUpe paLAtI jovAmAM Ave che. audyogika, sAmAjIka ane tAtvika. ApeluM vacana ke karela vAyado je barAbara pALe tenuM satya audyogika samajavuM. keTalIka vakhate laDAyaka prajAmAM AbarUnA vicArane lIdhe A satyanI prabaLa lAgaNI hoya che; tathApi vepArI prajAne ghaNuM karIne A khAsa saddaguNa hoya che; kAraNa ke audyogika sAhasamAM (jUThuM bolavuM hoya te) chaLa kapaTa mATe lAlaconA prasaMge te ghaNA maLI zake che te paNa paraspara vizvAsanI, ane tethI karIne yathArtha bolavAnI, eTalI badhI AvazyakatA rahe che ke mANasanA manane te ghaNAja agatyanA guNa lAge che. evI sthitimAM, sArA narasA mANasanuM pAraNuM A guNane lIdhe vadhAre thAya che, ane je mANasamAM e guNa na hoya tenI gaNanA ja kAMI thatI nathI. tethI karIne vepAramAM jyAM chaLakapaTa ghaNAM thatAM hoya che tyAM paNa siddhAMtamAM te A guNanI sarvottamatA svIkAravAmAM Ave che, ane nItimAna rahevA icchato. mANasa A guNa prathama seve che. je prajAmAM audyogika sAhasane pavana sakhata vAta hoya che te prajA khaMtathI A guNane seve che; ane

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. je prajA ema karatI nathI tenA svabhAvamAM kAMIka DhaMgadhaDA vagaranuM ane aniyamita valaNa hoya che. atizayokti karavAnI, nAnI nAnI bAbatamAM jUThuM bolavAnI ane ApelA vAyadA nahi sAcavavAnI temane Teva hoya che. paraMtu te uparathI te prajA (bIjI kaIpaNa bAbatamAM guNavAna nathI ema dhAravAnI bhUla ApaNe karavI na joIe; kAraNake bIjI ghaNI bAbatamAM te prajA ghaNI sadAcArI hoya te te banavA jevuM che. jyAM lekamAM audhogika sAhasano pavana rageragamAM phelAI gaelo nathI hatA, tyAM satya bolavAnA guNane jhAjhI agatyatA apAtI nathI, chatAM te lekemAM keTalAka guNa evA mAlama paDe che ke je udyogI prajAmAM bhAgyeja mAlama paDe che. kAraNake te leke jeke nAnI nAnI bAbatamAM jUThuM bole che, chatAM dharmanI uDI lAgaNIvALA, IzvaramAM AsthA ane vizvAsa vALA, garIbAImAM saM. toSa ane prasanna manathI duHkha sahana karI levAnI TevavALA ityAdi aneka sArA guNe vALA temane ApaNe joIe chIe. pitAnA dharmanuM evuM te abhimAna temane hoya che ke game tevA julamathI paNa pitAne dharma teo choDatA nathI. udyoga hunnaranI vRddhi sAthe audyogika satyane khAsa karIne pracAra vadhe che. paraMtu AvA prakAranI satyatA mANasamAM bahu hoya, chatAM sAmAchaka satyatA tenAmAM na hoya ema paNa bane che. vivAdanA viSayamAM saghaLI abhiprAya, saghaLI dalIle, ane saghaLI hakIkato sAMbhaLI temAM niSpakSapAtatA rAkhavI tenuM nAma sAmAjIka satyatA che. svataMtra prajAnI A - khAsa prakRti hoya che, ane prajAkIya jIvanamAM e khAsa karIne uchare che. dareka bAbatamAM svataMtra ane niraMkuza saMvAda thato hovAthI tenI kaI bAju gupta rahI zaktI nathI, ane gupta rahe to temAM lekene anyAya thato lAge che. ane anyAyanI A lAgaNI dhIme dhIme buddhinA AkhA jIvanamAM pharI vaLe che ane aMte prajAkIya jIvanane eka mukhya aMza te banI rahe che. paraMtu buddhiviSayaka sadAcArano AthI paNa vadhAre uMcca eka bIjo prakAra che. buddhi jema jema khIlatI jAya che ane vizeSe karIne tatvaciMtanane

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa abhyAsa jema jema vadhatuM jAya che tema tema satyanI khAtara satya zodhavAmAM leke pravRta rahetAM jAya che, ane pitAnA ekataraphI abhiprAya ke rAgadveSane choDI kevaLa satya zodhavAnuM kartavya temane samajAya che, ane tavavettA thavA teo umeda rAkhe che. A traNa jAtanI satyatAmAMthI chellI be sudhArAnI ati ucca dazAe ja samAjane prApta thaI zake che. temAM tAtvika satyatA to cheka chevaTe AvI zake che. sadAcAranuM e puSpa moDAmAM moDuM khIle che. paraMtu A bane jAtanI satyatAnI svAbhAvika khIlavaNImAM dharmagurUonI asvAbhAvika virUddhatAne lIdhe asvAbhAvika aMtarAya bahu naDelA che; kAraNa ke seMkaDo varSa paryata kethalika dharma gurUoe pitAnA matanI virUddha je je lekha hoya tene dabAvI devAno Agraha rAkhyo hato; ane jyAre tene dabAvI na zakatA, tyAre te niSpakSapAta vicArane pApa kahI vaDatA: tethI A be satyatAne khIlavAmAM joIe te karatAM paNa vizeSa vAra lAgI che. - vaLI audyogika kALamAM be guNe khAsa karIne pragaTI nIkaLe che. karakasara ane saTTo athavA jokhama kheDIne vepAra karavAnI Teva. mANasane sukhanAM sAdhane meLavavAnI utkaTa icchA thAya che ane temanI jarUra temane bahu lAge che, ane A banne guNonuM prayojana te te meLavavAnuM ja hoya che, chatAM bannemAM gaMbhIra prakAranI bhinnatA rahelI che. karakasaranuM mukhya lakSaNa sAvacetI che, saTTAnuM sAhasa che. karakasarathI mANasa niyamita, gabhIra madhya sthitie rahenAra, manonigrahavALA ane dhIraja ane khaMtathI ughoga karavAvALA thAya che; TUMkAmAM eka mANasa vyavahAramAM vakaravALo gaNAya che; paraMtu vadhAre paDatI karakasarathI mANasa sAMkaDA vicArane, anudAra ane haiyA dubaLo thaI jAya che, ane tethI bIjA pratye dIlasojI ane dayA e batAvI zakatA nathI, paraMtu saTeDiyAnI prakRti ethI ulaTA ja prakAranI hoya che. tarala, tAmasI, AkaLe ane anizcita manane te hoya che, ane meTA ane udhADa durAcAramAM paDavAnI tenAmAM saMbhavitatA hoya che, paraMtu prasaMge prabaLa lAgaNIo, beTI udAratA ane mananI daDhatA paNa te batAvI zake che. audyogika vRttivALa samAja A bemAMthI kayA guNavALA

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. 99 -~ thaze e praznanA nirNayane AdhAra sthAnika saMge upara raheluM che. vepAranA bahoLA pravAhanI bahAra rahelA mANasamAM ane dravyanI prApti jyAM niyamita udyogathI mAtra dhIme dhIme thaI zake che tyAM ghaNuM karIne karakasara Ave che, ane jyAM dravya ane sAhasa bahoLA vistAramAM hoya che tyAM saddo ghaNe sAdhAraNa thaI paDe che. vaLI audyogika kALamAM dIrdhadaSTi eka meTe saddaguNa gaNavA lAge che. dhArmika AsthAnI prAthamika dazAmAM dareka banAvane mANase Izvara kRtya samajatAM hovAthI bhaviSyanI kAMI paNa saMbhALa ke ciMtA na rAkhavI e vAtane teo kartavya ane AsthAnuM pArakhu gaNe che ane tethI pitAnA kherAka ane vizvanI bAbata teo Izvara upara mUkI de che. paraMtu audyogika samayamAM bhaviSyane mATe kuzaLa sAvacetInA upAya levA e vAta vAjabI lekhAya che ane temAM uMcA prakAranuM kartavya manAya che. tethI karIne kuTuMbane nirvAha pite karI zake evI sthiti na thAya tyAM sudhI sAre mANasa paraNato nathI; kuTuMbanA vistAranA pramANamAM te pitAne kharaca rAkhe che; pitAnA dIkarAne keLavaNuM ApavA ane dIkarIone dAyajo karavA ane kuTuMbanA dareka mANasanI jarUrIAta pUrI pADavA nANAnI jogavAI e karI rAkhe che. Ama dIdhadaSTi tenA jIvananuM sUtra thaI paDe che. ane A eka vAtathI paNa koI prajAne sudhAre sArI rIte jANI zakAya che. bane teTalI saMbhALa ane agamacetI rAkhavI ane pachI Izvara je kare te svIkArI levuM e sUtra audyogika kALanuM cihna che. A parivartananI eka asara e thAya che ke jema jema sudhAre vadhate. jAya che tema tema manuSya jAtamAM pUjya buddhino vega kamI thatI jAya che. janahitavAdamAM A pUjyabuddhinuM sthAna bahu te ghaNuM zaMkAspada heya che, kAraNa ke janahitavAdanI najara sukhanA saravALA upara hoya che, ane dhArmika vehema ane rAjakIya gulAmagIrI rUpe A pUjyabuddhinI vRttimAMthI je mahAna anartha utpanna thayA che temane lIdhe sukha karatAM duHkhanuM mULa e vRtti kadAca vadhAre thaI haze. paraMtu A dRSTie

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98 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. jatAM e vRttinuM sthAna game teTaluM zaMkAspada heya, tathApi je mANasamAM pUjyabuddhine guNa na hoya tene sarvottamatAnuM ucca zikhara prApta thaI zakatuM nathI evuM bhAna theDA ja mANasane thayA vinA raheze. bIjA badhA saddaguNa karatAM suMdara' zabdanI yathArthatA A vRtti pratye vadhAre vAstavika ane ucita che. tathApi sudhArA vadhatAM je Teva mANasemAM paDatI jAya che te Teva A vRttinI vRddhine ekaMdare pratikULa hoya ema jaNAya che. kAraNa ke niraMtara AzritatAnA bhAnathI zraddhA jAme che. vicAranI dhArmika dazAmAM mANaso ema mAnatAM hoya che ke temanA saMbaMdhamAM banatA badhA banA khAsa rIte vyavasthita thaelA hoya che ane tethI temAM koIne koI naitika mudo samAele hoya che. AvI dhArmika dazAmAM A vRtti piSita thAya che. vaLI jyAM vaijJAnika jJAnanI dazA evI hoya ke jene lIdhe mANaso ema mAnatA hoya ke kudaratane dareka avanave banAva devanI sIdhI daramyAnagIrInuM pariNAma che ane tethI karIne temanAmAM dInatA ane dhAstInA AvirbhAva jAgrata thAya che, tyAM paNa A pUjya muddhinuM jora hoya che. vaLI jyAre rAjA pratye bhakti kivA pUjyabuddhi hoya che, jyAre rAjagAdIthI kaMTAelA bhAyAte gAmegAmamAM lekene tAbedAra rahevAnI ane pitAne mAna ApavAnI Teva pADe che, ane jyAre rAjyamAM uthalapAthala kare evI, sAmAjIka ke saMzayAtmaka vRttino abhAva hoya che. tyAre rAjakIya jIvananI AvI avasthAmAM paNa A vRttinuM rAja pravartatuM hoya che, saMjogomAM ke mAnyatAmAM jayAre koI meTo pheraphAra thAya che, tyAre vRttiomAM paNa moTo pheraphAra thAya che. pitAnA vicAramAM mANasa svataMtra che evI mAnyatAthI dareka bAbatamAM thatuM nizcayapUrvaka kathana, prajAsattAka rAjyanI sarva-samAnatA, vivecanAnI tINa charI, prajAnA judA judA vargone kevaLa karAranI dazAe lAvI mukatA Arthika pheraphAra, vastInI seLabheLa ane AgagADI ItyAdinI sagavaDone lIdhe prAcIna vicAronA baMdhanuM tUTI javuM--A badhI bAbate zuddha, bhaktimAna, ane ekamAga pUjya buddhi kiMvA zraddhAnI virodhI che. zubhecchA, pramANikatA, sAhasa, buddhi

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha ItihAsa. 99 viSayaka nirmaLatA, svataMtratAno prema ane vahemane tiraskAra-A badhAM cAre tarapha ucharI AvatAM ApaNane dekhAya che. paraMtu pitAnI zaktinI avizvAsI ane bIjAnA AdhAre ja jIvatI, nirmaLa, namra ane bhaktimAna AsthA ke jenI mAtra jAduI asarathI ja keTalIka bAbatomAM lokonA AcaraNa ati pavitra rahetAM hatAM. te AsthA have zodhI paNa jaDatI nathI. kudaratanI bhavya racanAthI koI koInA manamAM AsthAnI lAgaNI upaje che; paraMtu jana samUhanA moTA bhAgane e vAta siddha che ke kudaratanA banAvo kAyadAne ja AdhIna che, tethI te banAvamAM kAMI paNa naitika tAtparya che ja nahi; ane tethI AsthAne asta paNa lagabhaga thaI gayo che. sudhArAnI asara thI mukta rahelI koI ekAMtavAsI prajAmAM ja AsthAnuM saudarya najare paDe che. A sthAne lIdhe upajelA kArIgIrInA suMdara namunA hAlanA nahi paNa madhya samayanA devaLomAM ja dazya thAya che. manuSyanA itihAsanI dareka dazAmAM kedaIne koI sadAcAra svAbhAvika hoya che, ane vahemane kALa A niyamamAMthI mukta nathI; ane tethI tenA khAsa sadAcAra sudhArAnI dazAmAM rahetA nathI. strI-purUSanA saMbaMdhamAMthI upajatA sadAcAra ke durAcAra viSe belatAM bahu vicAra rAkhe paDe che; ane vaLI khAsa kAraNane lIdhe e ItihAsa atyaMta aspaSTa paNa rahe che. atyAra sudhI je je AcaraNe ApaNe tapAsyAM temanI naitika unnatine krama svAbhAvika niyamane anusAra bahudhA thaye jAya che ane temAM apavAda rUpa saMjogonI asara bahu gheDI jovAmAM Ave che. mIlanasAra guNone vikAsa, zaurya ane bhaktine asta, ane audyogika TenI abhivRddhi-A guNe ghaNuM karIne badhA prakAranA sudhArAnI sAthe avazya rahelA hoya che ane tethI dareka prajamAM temanI unnatinA prakAra mukhyAMze maLatA ja hoya che. paraMtu laMpaTatAnA ItihAsamAM gulAmagIrI, dharma mate, lagnanA kAyadA ItyAdi khAsa kAraNonI asara thaelI jaNAya che. khristi dharmane lIdhe A kSetramAM meTA pheraphAra thayA che te ApaNe paNa joIzuM. atra te e durAcAra saMbaMdhI be traNe moTI moTI hakIkata ja kahezuM.

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100 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. - prathama te anaurasa bALakanA janmanA AMkaDAthI ke prajAnI anItine mata bAMdhave e bhramajanaka che. tethI karIne vidhya vyabhicAra gaNatrImAMthI rahI jAya che. vaLI kAma vikAranI prabaLatA sivAya kevaLa anya kAraNone lIdhe paNa anarasa bALake janme che ane teo paNa A gaNatriImAM AvI zakatA nathI. dAkhalA tarIke, IglAMDanA keTalAka paragaNumAM e abhiprAya pracalita che ke lagnakriyAmAM pazcAtadarza sadAcAra rahele che, kAraNa ke tethI lagnanI pUrve karelI anItinuM AcchAdana thaI jAya che. vaLI keTaleka ThekANe lagnanI kAyadesara ke dhArmika kriyA karyA vagara rakhAtane rivAja hoya che. AvI vAtone mATe ApaNane game teTale zoca thAya, paraMtu teTalA uparathI ema te na ja kahI zakAya ke te prajAmAM kAmane vikAra kevaLa niraMkuzapaNe varate che. svIDanamAM anaurasa bALake ghaNAM janme che, paNa tenuM kAraNa e che ke tyAM lagna karavAmAM kAyadAnI muzkelIo paNI Ave che. vaLI mANasa mANasanI kAma vRttimAM paNa bheda hoya che, kenca prajAnI peThe keTalIka gamAra, hAMsIkhora ane dekhAva karavAnI zekhIlI hoya che; pena ke ITalInI prajAnI peThe keTalIka cUrNayamAna, zithila ane rasika hoya che; ane uttara taraphanA keTalAka dezomAM te vRtti lajajALa ane gupta hoya che. A saghaLA vyabhicAranA prakAra che, chatAM AMkaDAnA hisAbamAM AvI zake evA nathI; ane tema chatAM samAjanA AcaraNa ane rItabhAta upara darekanI bhinna bhinna asara thAya che. vaLI jUdA jUdA dezanI AbohavAnI jUdI jUdI asara kAma-vRtti upara thAya che e vAta te niHsaMzaya che, paNa uparAMta tethI strIonI padavI, cAritrya ane rUcio upara ADakatarI rIte jabarI asara thAya che; kAraNa ke strIoe gharamAM ja rahevuM ke bahAra haravuM pharavuM e bAbatane AkAra dezanI havA upara bahu raheluM che, ane tethI karIne je vargamAM zarIra saioMdaryanI khAsa bakSIsa hoya che tenA vartanamAM paNa ghaNA phera paDI jAya che. A pramANe uttara taraphanA dezomAM saidaryanI je chaThThA vakhaNAya che tene AdhAra AkRti upara nahi paNa raMga upara rahe che. ceherAnI tejI

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha tihAsa: 1999, ane nAjukatAmAM tyAM seMdarya lekhAya che, ane sakhata majurI ane bahAra rakhaDavAthI te naSTa thatuM hovAthI garIba strIo kavacit ja bahu suMdara hoya che, paraMtu dakSiNa taraphanA dezomAM sUryanA pracaMDa kiraNothI saidaryanI mAhInio vadhAre mIThI ane paripakava thAya che, tethI tyAM seMdaryanI prApti sarvane samAna hoya che. tethI tyAM jhuMpaDAmAM rahenArI ane mahelamAM rahenArI baMne suMdara heI zake che, ane lekenI nIti ane rItabhAta upara tenI asara bahu thAya che. kevaLa jaMgalI karatAM aNaghaDa ane ardha sudharelI prajAmAM svAbhAvika rIte ja A sadAcAranuM raNa ghaNuM karIne ati sakhata hoya che. ati sukSma sudhAre ghaNuM karIne A sadAcAranI vRddhi mATe anukULa nathI hota. vyabhicAra e yuvAna mANasa ane vRddha prajAne durAcAra che. vicArAtmaka ke sAmAjIka sudhArAnI ucca dazAne prajA prApta thaelI hoya che, paNa rAjakIya kAraNene laine jenI zaktionA vyApAra mATe yogya pradeza maLato nathI te prajAnI sAmAnya sthiti maMda mejavilAsanI hoya che zaheramAM keTalIka vakhata paisAnI lAlacathI, ane keTalIka vakhata rasika AnaMda ane mojazekhanI ati caMcaLa AturatAne lIdhe strIone sadAcAra khAsa karIne jokhama kAraka sthitimAM AvI paDe che ane sArvaja-. nika ramata gamatanuM badhuM valaNa paNa eja dizAmAM hoya che. jaMgalI praja laDAyaka jhapAjhapImAM AnaMda mAne che ane temAMthI teo ghAtakI thatAM zIkhe che. paNa sudharelA mANasanI maLatAvaDI Teva ane nATakIya tathA catura rasikatAmAMthI vyabhicAra parIName che. ghaNu garIba strIo keLavaNI laI sudhare che ane pitAthI ucca sthitinA purUSenA sebatIo thavA mATe yogya thAya che ane tethI pitAnI pAyarInA purUSo mATe yogya bane che. audyogika pravRttio Atma-saMyamanI vRddhine anukULa che kharI, ane laDAyaka jIdagIne svecchAcAra te khAsa karIne tethI ocho thatuM jAya che, paraMtu sAthe sAthe jema bane tema lagna meDAM karavAnI agamacetIne lIdhe lAla paNa vadhe che, ane Atma-saMyamathI anAcAra aTake che tenA karatAM lAla

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102 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa. cathI vadhe che vadhAre arthAta Atma-saMyamanA bheda karatAM lAlacenA bhedathI nItimAM viSamatA ghaNI Ave che e vAta vyakitaonA karatAM samAjanA saMbadhamAM vaLI vadhAre sAcI che. lAlace vadhatAM jana samudAya jyAM moTe hoya tyAM bheDA ghaNuM pramANamAM paNa durAcAra vadhe ja che. vastInI ativRddhi aTakAvavA mATe jANuM bujIne kavacita ja koI pavitra rahetuM haze. zArIrika ane naitika saMkaTothI ja e durAcAra aTakele che; ane A banne eka bIjAnAM virodhI hovAthI ghaNuM karIne evuM bane che ke ekane ghaTADe thatAM bIjAnI vRddhi thAya che. AyaloDanA gAmaDAomAM bALalagnane cAlI che paraMtu tethIja karIne temanI strIonA sadAcAranuM ucuM dhoraNa sacavAI rahyuM che, paNa te ja vAtathI e prajAmAM dIrdha-daSTinI khAmI che e vAta paNa siddha thAya che, kAraNa ke temanI audyogika AbAdI te kAraNane lIdhe vadhI nathI. jo e bAbatamAM e loko ochA pavitra hota. te temanI AbAdI vadhAre thAta. marIne paNa te sadAcAra sAcavavAne temane Agraha na hota te ogaNasamA saikAmAM dukALane lIdhe temanAM eTalAM badhAM sANasa marI jAta nahi. - vaLI eka bAbatamAM lekamAnya sadAcAranuM raNabIjI bAbatamAM paNa kevI asara kare che te paNa AyaDanA dAkhalAmAMthI jovA jevuM che. dharmagurUone mAthe kuMvArA rahevAnuM baMdhana kavacita jokhamakAraka nIvaDe che e vAta surepanA bIjA dezomAM temanA durAcAranA dAkhalAthI siddha thAya che. AyarlaMDamAM kAyadAnuM evuM baMdhana nahi chatAM dharmagurUo niSkalaMka rahe che. kAraNa ke te bAbatamAM lekenI lAgaNI sakhata che. tethI dharmaguruo pitAnuM AcaraNa zuddha na rAkhe te temane jAmele vaga leke upara rahe nahi. A vAta dezanA AbohavAthI spaSTa thatI nathI, paNa bALalagnanA rivAjathI spaSTa thAya che. vAMcanArane have vidita thayuM haze ke je ke sadAcAra ane durAcArane tattavabhUta svabhAva te tene te ja rahe che, paraMtu jema jema sudhAre vadhatA jAya che tema tema, siddhAMtamAM tenI gaNanA ane AcaraNamAM tenI pratIti

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha itihAsa. niraMtara, ane keTalIka bAbatamAM te niyamita ane Avazyaka pheraphAra pAmatI jAya che. vaLI amuka amuka samAjamAM naitika sudhArAnI vAta ApaNe karIe te bhale, paraMtu meTA pAyA upara kevaLa zuddha naitika sudhAre kadi - banate nathI, agara kavacita ja bane che. nukasAna karatAM kadi lAbha vadhAre haiya, paNa dareka prAptimAM kAMIka khovAnuM te hoya ja che. sudhArAnI dareka dazAnA khAsa sadAcAra hoya che, ane jema jema sudhAre AgaLa vadhatuM jAya che tema tema AgalA sadAcAra naSTa thatA jAya che. julamagAranI dhuMsarI nIce kacaDAtI prajAne joI sArA mANasane duHkha thayA vinA rahetuM nathI, paraMtu te dizAmAM zuddha utsAha pUrvaka jeTalAM Atma-bhoga, dhairya ane bhAtRbhAvanAM AcaraNa thAya che teTalAM bIjI kai dazAmAM dazya thatAM nathI; ane saMbhavita che ke svataMtratAnA vijayathI AvAM AcaraNa ochAM thaI jaze eTaluM ja nahi paNa te karavAnI mANasonI zakti paNa nirbaLa thaI jaze. laDAI e bezaka bhayaMkara saMkaTa che, paraMtu temAM mananI meTAIne sadAcAra bahAra khIlI Ave che, je zAMtinA samayamAM cImaLAI asta pAmaze. jugArathI paNa mANase dhIrajathI nukasAna khamatAM ane rAgadeSane aMkuzamAM rAkhatAM zIkhe che. vaLI hAlanI prajAomAM sudhArAnI vividhatA eTalI badhI che ke jUdA judA dezamAM musApharI karavAthI jUdA jUdA kALane anubhava thaI jAya che ane sudhArAne dareka prakAra ApaNI najara sammukha banate jaNAya che. paraMtu vidyAnI saraLatA ane anUpa vRddhi, musApharInA sAdhanonI cakita kare evI sAnukULatA ane rAjakIya ane sainika kAraNone lIdhe yuropanA prabaLa ane prajAkIya rAjyonI eka-saMpI-A badhAM kAraNone lIdhe A bheda have tvarAthI bhUMsAte jAya che. mukhya pheraphAra ekaMdare lAbhakAraka hoya che ema je mAne che tene paNa A uthalapAthalamAM khedakAraka aMza ghaNo che ema lAge che. yurepanAM ghaNuMkharAM moTAM rAjyo karatAM keTalAMka nAnAM nAnAM rAjyanI Arthika saMpatti vadhAre che, vadhAre sukhI che, keTalAkamAM te sAmAjIka svataMtratA, zAMti ane mAnasika unnati paNa vizeSa che ane satiSa, zAMti ane pazcAdarza pUjya-buddhi ke je arvAcIna sudhA

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104 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, rAmAM mukhyatve karIne nathI hotAM te guNonAM A nAnAM rAjya ghara hoya che. A rAjyonI sahIsalAmatI sacavAI rahI che e vAta yuropIya prajAenA paraspara naitika vyavahAranuM zubha cihna che. manI saMsthAnA atyAcArathI kharAbI thaI che e vAta kharI, tathApi amuka prakAranAM mANasone khAsa karIne maThamAM Azrama maLatuM hatuM, ane te rIte duniyAne bezaka e saMsthAthI sukha hatuM; tethI te saMsthAne yuropamAMthI jaDamULathI kADhI nAkhavAnA prayAsamAM kevaLa vaira ane TUMkI dRSTi che, kAraNa ke te saMsthA nAza pAmavAthI udyoga-vRttinA atyAcArane aTakAvanAruM koI sAdhana rahetuM nathI. cAlatA sudhArAnuM zikhara pote prApta kare e vAta eka prajAne lAbhakAraka che. paNa AkhI Alama te ucca dazAe pahoMce temAM ekaMdare ene lAbha che ke kema? e ati zaMkA paDatI vAta che. nItinA saMpUrNa vikAsane mATe ati bhinna bhinna saMjoge atyaMta Avazyaka che. eTalA mATe rAjya-vyavasthAmAM jAta jAtanA pratinidhio ane duniyAmAM jAta jAtanAM rAjyo hovAnI AvazyakatA che, kAraNa ke tethI karIne nIti ane sudhArAnI bhinna bhinna dazAo AghAta ane pratyAghAtanA niyamathI aMkuzamAM rahe che ane tethI ekaMdare temanuM saMpUrNa svarUpa upaje che. buddhinA ane nItinA vikAsane eka bIjA sAthe ke sabaMdha che tenI samajaNa have vAMcanArane kAMIka paDI haze. te saMbaMdhI hAla meTA prazno ubhA thAya che. keTalAka kahe che ke manuSyanI unnatine itihAsa lakhanAre kevaLa buddhi viSayaka tane ja lakSamAM rAkhavA joIe, kAraNa ke nItinuM tatva te sarvatra sarakhuM ane sthAyI ja hoya che, tethI teno vikAsa zreSTha zake ja nahi, ane tethI nItine ItihAsa lakho bane nahi. jyAM niraMtara pheraphAra thatA hoya tyAM ja ItihAsa saMbhave che. have naitika AcaraNanA mukhya to avikRta che e vAta kharI, tathApi tenA dhoraNamAM niraMtara pheraphAra thayAM kare che ane amuka amuka sadAcAranI kiMmata jAde jA samaye lekee jUdI jAdI AMkI che, ane tethI AcaraNane sAmAnya ItihAsa lakhe saMbhavita bane che. keTalAka kahe che ke AvA phera

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha ItihAsa. 105 phAra bane che ane saMsAramAM e ghaNA agatyanA che e vAta kharI, tathApi tenAM kAraNe te buddhiviSayaka ja hoya che, kAraNa ke jJAnamAM pheraphAra thaye ja AcaraNamAM pheraphAra paDe che. A vicAramAM kAMIka satya che, tathApi niyama tarIke te svIkArI zakAtuM nathI. buddhimAM atyaMta tejasvI vyaktio ke jamAnA nItimAM sarvottama thayA nathI e jANItI vAta che; ane mAnasika ke bhautika ucca sudhArAnA samayamAM nItinI bhraSTatA ghaNuM karIne bahu hoya che. keTalIka bAbatamAM te mAnasika AbAdInA saMjoge nItinI vRddhine pratiphaLa hoya che. moTAM zaheramAM jJAna ane bhautika AbAdI ghaNI hoya che, paNa tyAM ja durAcAra vadhAre thato hoya che. gharebe ane maLatAvaDApaNuM paNa gAmaDAnA lekamAM hoya che tevuM zaherIomAM nathI hotuM. zaherIo, svAthI hoya che, gAmaDIA paragaju hoya che. keLavAelA mANasanA cittamAM sthaLe sthaLe zaMkAo ane dalIlo sure che ane tethI daDha AsthAmAMthI upaja nItine prabaLa utsAha enAmAM heta nathI. durAcAra karatAM gunAne dabAvI devAmAM sudhAre ekaMdare vadhAre samartha nIvaDe che. sabhyatA, udAratA ane sAmAjIka sadAcArane sudhAre bahu mAphaka Ave che, ane jyAM gulAmagIrInI prathA nIkaLI gaI hoya che tyAM audyogika guNa tenAthI keLavAya che; paNa Atma-bhoga, utsAha, bhakti ane pAtivatyanA sadAcAra pratye tenI anukULatA eTalI badhI hotI nathI. paraMtu buddhi-viSayaka kAraNe sudharelI jIMdagInA pAyAbhUta hovAthI sudhArAe upajAvatrAM naitika parivartananAM paNa te chevaTanAM kAraNe lekhI zakAya. keTalIka vakhata buddhi-viSayaka kAraNonI pAdharI asara thAya che, paraMtu ghaNuM kharuM te temanI ADakatarI asara ja thAya che; arthAta jIdagImAM evI Teva temanAthI paDe che ke temane lIdhe kartavyanA navA vicAra ApaNamAM upaje che. mANasanAM AcaraNanuM niyamana abhiprAya karatAM temanI pravRttiothI vadhAre thAya che. saddaguNano namune prathama saMjogomAMthI racAya che ane pachI te namunA uparathI mANase pitAne siddhAMta banAvI kADhe che. pitAnI bhUgoLa ke bIjA khAsa saMjogone lIdhe eka prajAne laDAyaka thavuM

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yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. paDe che ane bIjIne audyogika thavuM paDe che, ane tethI amuka amuka jatanA sadAcAra temanAmAM sarvottama gaNAya che, jo ke jJAnanI bAbatamAM vaLI koInI nItinuM telana karavAmAM keTalIka bhUle ApaNAthI thaI na jAya tenI ApaNe khAsa saMbhALa rAkhavI ghaTe che. jyAM pitAne khAnagI svArtha sadhAe hoya evI khAnagI bAbate karatAM rAjakIya bAbatomAM ghaNAkharAM mANasonI nItinuM dhoraNa ghaNuM nIcuM hoya e saMbhavita che. khAnagI jIvanamAM je mANase khuda nItinA namunA rUpa hoya che te ja mA se rAjakIya anyAya ane julamanAM moTAM kAryonAM kAraNo ApI temanI tarapha dArI kare che e vAta ghaNI sAmAnya che; paraMtu teTalA uparathI te mANase bIjI badhI bAbatamAM anyAyI che ema anumAna karavuM kevaLa bhUla bhareluM nikaTa saMbaMdha hoya che e vAta karaMgI chatAM ghaNIvAra satya mAlama paDI Ave che. je prajA tAbedAra, garIba ane vaphAdAra hoya che te prajAeja kAraNone lIdhe julamagAranI dhuMsarI nIce cagadAye jAya che, ane te prajAne samajI gaele hAkema varga ghaNe julamI thatA jAya che, paNa teTalA uparathI e hAkema-varga vALI AkhI prajA anyAyI che ema kahevuM bhUla bhareluM gaNAya. vaLI keTalAka sadAcAra ke durAcAra lekenI AMkhamAM turataja AvI jAya evA hoya che, ane keTalAka evA hoya chejo ke temanI asara te teTalI ja thAya che, paNa lekenI najare ekadama caDI jatA nathI. dAkhalA tarIke, kAma kAmanI vacce rahetI kaDavI lAgaNI, dharmanI bhayaMkara satAvaNa, sudhAro pratye vagara samajyo dhikkAra, tIvra jhera jevI nAlAyakI ane aMkuzane apAte anudAra Take, pitAnA varga mATe rahetI prabaLa svArthavRtti, mAnasika ane rAjakIya vahemonI haThapUrvaka thatI taraphadArI, nAnAM nAnAM kAraNone laIne thatA chokaravAdI paNa taraMgI krUra kajIA, A badhuM dharmanI saMsthAmAM evuM mUkavAnuM mana svAbhAvika rIte ja thAya che; paNa te bhula che, kAraNa ke te

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa. 107 dharmanI sArI bAju paNa hoya che. eka pAdarI pitAnA nAnA pradezamAM sAruM paNa ghaNuM karI zake che. kene nIti ane sudhArAnA mArgamAM e keLave che; sAdA, saraLa ane bInasvAthI utsAhathI ajJAnIne e jJAna Ape che; nItimAM bhUlelAne e rastA batAve che; duHkhIne dIlAse Ape che, bhayaMkara marakInI darakAra rAkhyA vinA maratAnuM mota e sudhAre che, ane aneka rIte duSTa manovikAranuM sAMtvana karI lekanI rItabhAtane komaLa ane vivekI e kare che ane temane unnata banAvI zAMta kare che. paraMtu AvI bAbato upalaka dRSTie bahAra turata dekhAI AvatI nathI, ane tethI ItihAsakArane lakSamAMthI te sarI jAya che. keI maMDaLanI ekaMdara vartaNuka uparathI tenA aMgabhUtanI cAlacalagatanuM anumAna bAMdhavuM hamezAM jokhama bhareluM che. paNa dharma-saMsthAnI bAbatamAM to e khAsa jokhama bhareluM che, kAraNa ke saMsthAnI apUrNatA lekenI najare turata caDI Ave che, paNa tenA aMgabhUtanI khubIo ekadama najare nathI caDatI. vaLI jUdI jUdI prajAmAM sadAcAranAM prayojana paNa ghaNuM bhinna bhinna hoya che, ane tethI eka prajAne mApathI bIjIne mApatAM gaMbhIra gerasamajaNa utpanna thAya che. A pramANe sahRdayatAnI prabaLa zaktimAMthI pheMca prajAnA mukhya saddaguNa pariName che. ane temanA keTalAka atyaMta suMdara mAnasika guNanuM, keTalAke sAMsArika rivAjene, ane yurepamAM temanI eTalI badhI asara thAya che tenuM kAraNa paNa te ja che. je kAI paradezI prajA svataMtratAne prayAsa kare che te prajA pratye saMpUrNa dIlasejha batAvanArA phreMca leke jevA bIjA keda hatA nathI. videzIya vicArene samajavAmAM ane te vicAra pratye dIlase batAvavAmAM te prajA jevI bIjI koI mazahura nathI. te prajAnA gunA gebI ane ghaNA che, paNa tenA guNa paNa meTA che. paraMtu eMgla sekSana prajAmAM che ke koI kaI vakhata prabaLa paNa kSaNajIvI utsAha dekhA de che, paNa ghaNuM karIne te prajA sAMkaDA mananI, abuja, ane lAgaNI vinAnI hoya che tenA saddaguNanuM moTuM mULa kartavyanI lAgaNI hoya che, ane bIjA kazAnI darakAra rAkhyA vinA pitAne je vAta vAjabI lAge te karavAmAM mAhera che. temane

Page #155
108 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. kIrtinI nahi paNa AbarUnI darakAra hoya che. tIvra rAgadveSanA kAnamAM teo ghasaDAI jatA nathI, ane lebha ke lAlacane lIdhe nItinA mArgamAMthI jarI paNa calita thayA vinA saMpUrNa kartavyaparAyaNa teo rahe che. mana prajAnI paNa eja khAsIata hatI. A khAsIatane lIdhe IMglAMDe gulAmagIrInI sAme majabuta laDAI calAvye rAkhI hatI. vaLI eka saddaguNa hoya tyAM bIjo na ja hoya ema je ke kahI zakAya nahi, te paNa ATalI vAta te bezaka sAcI che ke koI naitika namunAnI ekatA jALavavA je sadaguNe Avazyaka hoya che temane samudAyamAM rahevuM svAbhAvika rIte ja bahu anukULa Ave che. A rIte jotAM, sainikasamudAya, kema-samudAya, audyogika-samudAya, buddhi-viSayaka samudAya, evA bhinna bhinna vibhAga sadAcAranA paDe che, ane keTalAka prasaMge A samudayo eka bIjAnA virodhI hoya che, eTale eka jAtane sadAcAra jyAM heya tyAM bIjI jAtane na ja hoI zake ema te nathI banatuM, paNa eka jyAM AgaLa paDatuM hoya che tyAM bIjA dabAelA rahe che. audyogika kALamAM saMtoSa mukhya sadAcAra thaI zakato nathI. laDAyaka jamAnAmAM tAbena dArI ane atyAcAra pratye zAMti rahI zaktI nathI; tema je jamAnAmAM loke Astika vadhAre hoya che te jamAnAmAM buddhi-viSayaka saddaguNo keLavI zakAtA nathI; chatAM A dareka saMjogo pitAnA koIne koI khAsa saddaguNone lAvI zake che, nItinA bhinna bhinna namunAmAM vividha jAtanI suMdaratA rahelI hoya che, ane A vividhatAne AdhAra, je saguNa te namunAmAM tattabhUta hoya che temanA karatAM temanA mizraNanA pramANa upara vadhAre rahela che. sokreTisa, keTe, ane saMkrAnsisa-e badhAnA AcaraNa suMdara che, paNa darekanA AcaraNanI suMdaratA eka bIjAthI atyaMta bhinna che. ahI ochI vadhatI suMdaratAne prazna nathI, paNa temAM jati-bheda ja rahela hoya che. ekamAM nItinI je suMdaratA che te bIjAmAM nathI, ane bIjAmAM che te pahelAmAM nathI hotI. prAcIna sTeIka ane arvAcIna ejamAM magarUrInuM tattava mukhya che, sAdhumAM dInatAnuM tattva mukhya hoya che ane A mULIA

Page #156
AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa. 109 mAMthI sadAcAranA bhinna bhinna puSpa khIlI nIkaLe che. strImAM sadaguNa gaNAya ane purUSamAM durgaNa gaNAya e guNa keI nathI; paraMtu saMpUrNa strImAM saguNonI je vyavasthA hoya che te saMpUrNa purUSane mATe kevaLa anucita thAya che. matalaba ke strI ane purUSanA saddaguNa samAna hovA chatAM keTalAkamAM strIo khAsa karIne dIpI nIkaLe che, ane keTalAkamAM purUSo khAsa karIne dIpI nIkaLe che. zArIrika suMdaratAnI bAbatamAM paNa emaja che. purUSanI suMdaratAmAM strInI suMdaratA hotI nathI; bALakanI suMdaratA pAkaTa manuSyanA karatAM judA ja prakAranI hoya che; dakSiNI strIonI suMdaratA ane gujarAtanI strIonI suMdaratAmAM bheda hoya che. caherAnA saghaLA namunA jema suMdara nathI hotA, tema AcaraNanA badhA namunA sArA nathI hotA; paraMtu jema suMdaratAnA bhinna bhinna mareDa hoya che, tema sadAcAranA namunA paNa bhinna bhinna hoya che. A ati agatyanA satya viSe bIjI rIte bolIe, te hakIkata ema che ke je koI mANasamAM koI eka sadAcAranI khAmI jaNAya to te uparathI ema siddha thatuM nathI ke bIjI bAbatamAM paNa te nItimAna ane sadAcArI nathI hotuM. chatAM dareka jamAnAnA AcaraNanA mULamAM koI eka sadAcAra evo rahele hoya che ke jenA upara lekonI daSTi cAlI rahe che, ane je mANasa te sadAcAra upara bIlakula lakSa ApatuM nathI te mANasa pitAnI naitika keLavaNIne kevaLa bedarakAra rahe che ema kahevAmAM kAMI ane DacaNa nathI. arthAta A mULabhUta sadAcAra te dareka mANasamAM heja jo Ie. dareka jamAnA, dareka prajA ane manuSyanA dareka vargamAM A mULabhUta sadAcAra bhinna bhinna hoya che. prAcInakALanAM moTA prajAsattAka rAjyomAM te sadAcAra svadezAbhimAna hatA, kAraNa ke temanI najaramAM rAjyanA hitamAM sarva kartavya samAI jatAM hatAM. ApaNAmAM prajAkIya kalyANanI kevaLa bedarakArInI sAthe bIjA khAnagI sadAcAra kadAca bahu rahetA haze. maThanA kALamAM, ane kAMIka jUde rUpe zaiyaoNnvita nArI-pUjAnA samayamAM bhaktipUrvaka AtAdhinatA mULabhUta sadAcAra gaNute hato. paraMtu hAlanA samayamAM e guNa

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110 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, sadAcArI mANasamAM ghaNI vakhata nathI te. audyogika samayanA sadAcAra satya ane pramANikatA che. strIone mULabhUta sadAcAra pativratya che, paNa purUSone te bhAgye ja gaNAya che ane strIomAM paNa te saghaLA jamAnAmAM tevo gaNAya nathI, ane keTalAka dezamAM hAla paNa te te gaNato nathI. dareka jamAnAne A mULabhUta sadAcAra zodhI kADha e ItihAsavattAnuM ati agatyanuM kAma che, kAraNa ke tethI bIjA badhA sadAcAranI padavI nakkI thaI jAya che. upara je saghaLuM kahyuM te uparathI sahaja samajAze ke kaI eka cAreyane namunA rUpe AgaLa karI te pramANe khAsa vartavA lekene kahevuM e ghaNuM jokhama bhareluM che. koI pAtra kiMvA cAritrya pitAnI jAtamAM game teTaluM caDhIAnuM hoya paraMtu koi eka pAtramAM saMpUtAnA saghaLA namunAne samAvI levAnI zakti hotI nathI; kAraNake have ApaNe jANIe chIe ke koI namunAnI saMpUrNatAne AdhAra je saguNAmAMthI te racAya che temanA upara hoya che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa te sadaguNonI kramika agatyatA ane vyavasthA upara raheluM che. tethI karIne pitAnA jamAnAne je naitika namune atyaMta jarUra che ane je namune mANasanI moTAmAM moTI saMkhyAne upayogI thAya che te namunA pramANe barAbara jenuM AcaraNa rahe che te mANasa te samayamAM saMpUrNa nItimAna gaNAya che. sTAIka nItinA namunAmAM zauryayukta guNonI pUjA thatI hatI, te khristi namune milanasAra premI guNone pUjanIya lekhate ha; ane Ika mata karatAM khristi dharma sudhArAne adhiSThAtA thavA vadhAre yogya hato tenuM A paNa eka kAraNa che; kAraNake samAja jema jema vyavasthita ane sudharale thatuM jAya che, tema tema A niDaratAne oche ocho ane milanasAra guNone vadhAre vadhAre avakAza maLI jAya che. - je naitika asahiSNutAne lIdhe saghaLAM cAritryane eka namunAnAM banAvavA mANasee prayAsa karyo che te asahiSNutAnA ItihAsanI ghaTatI.

Page #158
AcaraNane svabhAvasiddha itihAsa. 111 tapAsa paNa hajI sudhI thaI nathI. pitAnI rUci ke khubI mANasane sarvottama lAge e svAbhAvika che. ane tethI potAnA mApathI bIjAne e mApavA lAge che ane je tenAthI bhinna hoya tene apUrNa, halakuM, ke thoDI kiMmatanuM gaNe che. sAmAnya rIte A bAbatane khulAse leke mithyAbhimAnathI kare che, paNa ghaNAkharA prasaMge te tenuM kAraNuM kalpanAnI nirbaLatA ja hoya che, kAraNake ghaNAkharAM mANasone pitAthI kevaLa bhinna cAritrya samajatAM ghaNI ja muzkelI lAge che. sAro mANasa sAmAnya rIte pitAnI jAtinA paNa apUrNa mANasa pratye ghaNI dIlajI batAvI zake che; paraMtu e ja mANasa pramANamAM vadhAre saMpUrNa parajAtinA mANasa pratye eTalI dalasojI batAvI zakato nathI. tihAsika kAraNa ke svArthanI prAsaMgika bhinnatAnI sAthe, A paNa prajA prajAnI vacce gADhamaitrI jAmatI nathI tenuM eka kAraNa che; vizeSe karIne jyAM jAti-bheda ane prajA-bheda sAthe hovAne yoga bane che tyAM A kAraNa bahu prabaLa mAlama paDe che. - dareka prajAmAM sadAcArane bhinna bhinna namune pracalita hoya che ane dareka pitAnA saddaguNane vakhANI potAnA pADozInA durguNane vakhoDe che, Ama "bheLuM rahevuM ane bhAMDaNAM karavAM" e prakAra thaI jAya che ane tethI prajA prajAmAM ghaNI kaDavAza vadhe che. samaju mANaso e sthitimAMthI tarata mukta thaI jAya che e vAta kharI che, paraMtu sAmAnya leke te evI ja sthitimAM rahe che. dareka mANasanI vartaNukane AdhAra kAMIka tenA pitAnA svabhAva upara ane kAMIka bAhya saMjogo upara rahe che. samAjanA pracalita vicArane kAMIka paNa mAna ApyA vinA mANasane cAlatuM nathI. laDAyaka samayamAM naramAza ane garIbAInI hAMsI thAya che, ane tethI te guNene te samayamAM khIla vAne avakAza raheto nathI. tethI bAhya saMjogonI anukULatA thayA vinA navA sadAcArane praveza samAjamAM ekadama karAvI zakato nathI. tethI karIne kaI rItarivAjane na sudhAre dAkhala karyA pahelAM mANasone prathama te

Page #159
112 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. vicAramAM keLavavAM joIe, temane tethI paricita karavAM joIe, lekenA abhiprAya pheravI tema karavAnI temanI pharaja che evuM temane gaLe utAravuM joIe. Ama karyA sivAya sudhAre karavAmAM koI mANasane saphaLatA prApta caze nahi. samAja anukULa hoya te mANasanI prakRti khIlI nIkaLe che ane tenuM ucca zikhara e prApta karI zake che. tethI karIne saMgenA pheraphAranI sAthe sadAcAranAM dRSTibiMdu paNa badalAtAM jAya che. ane tethIja karIne nItine ItihAsa lakhe saMbhavita bane che ane sAmAnya itihAsamAM ene saMkalita karI devuM joIe. je dharmanA nItivicAra jamAnAne anukULa hoya te ja dharma nItine upadezaka thaI zake cheane je to temAM anukULa nathI hotAM temanA pratye leke bedarakAra rahe che. - Ama manuSyanA naitika AcaraNanAM Avazyaka tatve be che. prakRti ane saMjoga. temAMthI saMjogonA niyamo viSe ApaNe ghaNuM jANIe chIe. rAjakIya, sAmAjIka ane buddhi viSayaka kAraNonI cAritrya upara kevI asara thAya che te saMbaMdhI ApaNane ghaNuM jJAna thayuM che. paraMtu ApaNI prakRtinuM niyamana kyA kAyadAthI thAya che, ane vyaktionI ane manuSyanI jAtionI svAbhAvika naitika vidhavidhatA keTale darajaje ane kayA kAraNathI thAya che te saMbadhI ApaNe bhAgye ja koI jANIe chIe. tathApi vaidaka zAstranA abhyAsathI jema jema jAdAM judAM naitika pUrva-valaNanAM zArIrika kAraNe jatAM jaze, tema tema A bAbatamAM ApaNane vadhAre vadhAre jJAna hastagata thatuM jaze. tethI vaidakazAstrane abhyAsa vadhAravAnI bahu jarUra che. hajI sudhI A zAstra kevaLa ajamAyaza ane prayoganI dazAmAM raheluM che. paraMtu varALamaMtrAdimAM mANaso mAM rahyAM che ema je A zAstramAM te mathyAM rahe che temAMthI ghaNuM jANavAnuM maLI Avaze. keTalAka asAdhya rogonA kAraNanI hajI ApaNane koI mAhitI nathI; ane vaidaka sAravAra nizcayAtmaka nathI e vAta sau svIkAre che. zvasana kriyAnuM vaiduM hajI bAlyAvasthAmAM che ane chatAM te kriyAthI ghaNuM rege ApaNane thAya che ane ghaNuM maTe che. vIjaLImAM rahelI vaidaka zaktine zodha hajI lagabhaga

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* AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. 113 jarAe thaye nathI. hAlanA samayamAM bebhAna karanArI davAnI zodhathI ati agatyano pradeza khulle thaye che ane zarIranI amuka avasthAmAM bAha. sUcanathI lAgaNIo ane mane bhAvanA AkhA pravAhane maracha mAphaka game te dizAmAM vALI zakAya che e vAta have siddha thavAthI mANasa jAtanuM duHkha ghaNuM ochuM thaI zakaze. paraMtu manuSyanA kharA sukhane AdhAra ApaNa svabhAvanA zArIrika ane naitika vibhAgane arasaparasa saMbaMdha kevo che tenA jJAna upara rahele che ane tethI naitika regana zAstrIya abhyAsa the joIe chIe. madhya samayanA sAdhuonA apavAsa ane rakatastrAva, kAma krodhAdi vikArene zAMta kare ke uttejIta kare evAM auSadha, jJAnataMtuonA reganA upacAra, gAMDapaNa ane aMDa chedanathI thatI naitika asara, mastakavidhAnI che, zarIranA vikAsanI sAthe AvatA naitika pheraphAra ane vikAra, kayA kyA regathI mANasanuM cAritrya badalAI jAya che ane pachI mAnasika zakitao paNa rUpAMtara pAmI jAya che te A badhI bAbato te zAstranA viSaya che. zarIra ane mananI eka bIjA upara asara thAya che e vAta te jaDavAdanI virUddha bolanArAone paNa svIkAravI paDe che. mananA tvarita khaLabhaLATathI nADI jhaDapathI dhabakavA mAMDe che ane gAlamAM phikAza ke lAlI Ave che; ane dhAstIne lIdhe mANasane marakI ke kelerA na thatAM hoya te paNa thAya che. Ama mananI asara zarIra upara thAya che. ane zarIranI asara mana upara thAya che tenA to aneka dAkhalA maLI Ave che. A asara ApaNA naitika baMdhAraNanA badhA bhAga paryata pahoMcatI hoya che te paNa saMbhavita che; ane dareka zArIrika kAraNane anurUpa keIne ke mane vikAra ke mananuM khAsa valaNa hoya te te bane evI vAta che, ane A kAraNenuM je ApaNane jJAna hoya te zarIranA reganI peThe naitika raMgonI paNa cikitsA karI temanA upacAra ApaNe karI zakIe. Ama vyAvahArika lAbha te tethI thAya ja; paNa uparAMta zAstranI dRSTie paNa tethI lAbha ja thAya; kAraNa ke ApaNuM naitika guNanA kAraNa saMbaMdha upara tethI navuM ajavALuM paDaze, AbohavAnI naitika asara

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114 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa... kevI thAya tenuM vadhAre saMpUrNa varNana karavA ApaNe zakitamAna thaIzuM. ane jAtinI asarane mahAna prazA chUTAchavAyA nirIkSaNanA khyAlane viSaya nahi rahe, paNa prayoganA pAkA pAyA upara pachI tene AdhAra raheze. A pramANe itihAsakAranA parizramamAM te pUravaNI rUpa thaze. paraMtu A badhuM bane tyAre kharuM; ane temanuM vivecana A graMthamAM AvatuM paNa nathI. AcaraNa upara bAhya saMgenI asaranI rekhA doravI, jAdA jAdA jamAnAmAM parama prAptavya tarIke AgaLa dharAelA naitika namunAne | tapAsI jevA, vyavahAramAM keTale aMze temanuM pAlana thayuM hatuM te batAvavuM, ane kevAM kevAM kAraNothI te namunA maryAdita thayA, nirbaLa thayA ke nAza pAmyA, ityAdi bAbate A graMthanA udeza che. prakaraNa 2 juM. vidhamI mahArAjya. , grIsa ane romane prAcIna sudhAre yuropanI avAcIna pragatinuM mukhya mULa che. paraMtu prAcIna grIsanA paurANika dharma naitika AcaraNane koI paNa protsAhana ApyuM nathI. homara ityAdi kavionA graMthamAM deva devIonI aneka vAta kahI che e vAta kharI, paraMtu tatvavettAonA tarka ane kaTAkSa AgaLa aneka-deva-vAda TakI zakyo nahi, ane pariNAme prIsamAM saMzayAtmavAda ubho thaye; ane pIronA anuyAyIo kahevA lAgyA ke mAnuSI ke devI--keI paNa jAtanuM jJAna ApaNane thaI zake ema ja nathI. buddhinA vikAsanuM prathama phaLa vicArakone saMzayAtmavAdI banAvavAnuM hoya che, ane romanA prajAsattAka rAjya ane mahArAjyane samaya e asaramAMthI mukta rahyo nathI, grIsanA saMsargathI remamAM be mata paDA hatA.

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AcaraNane svabhAvasiddha itihAsa. 11 epikyurasane mata ane sToka mata tethI. te samayanA keTalAka vicAra epikyurasanA anuyAyIonI peThe jaDavAdI ane nAstika hatA, ane keTalAka AIka mata vALAnI peThe ane pleTonA anuyAyIonI peThe zudra caitanyavAdI ane Astika hatA. jaDavAdIo kahetA ke dhAstIne lIdhe loke devenuM astitva mAne che; sRSTinA kramamAM catura yojanA ke duradezI jevuM kazuM nathI. paramANunA saMmelanathI sRSTi enI meLe upajI che, ane krame karIne jIva sRSTi enI meLe thAya che; mATe dharma bhAvanAne koI paNa prakAra mAtra kalpanAne bhrama ja che. caitanya vAdIo IzvaranuM astitva svIkAratA, paNa sarvAtmavAdanI peThe jagata ane Izvarane abheda mAnatA; jagatamAM duraadezI teo mAnatA, paNa pairANika devane tuccha gaNI temanI kathAo samajAvI devAno prayAsa karatA. lini kahe ke sRSTi ane AkAzamAM badhI vastuo samAI jAya che, mATe temane ja anAdi, anaMta, viSNu ane avinAzI Izvara gaNu joIe; ane tethI vizeSa mANasathI jANI zakAya ema nathI. ane tethI vizeSa zodhavAmAM lAbha paNa nathI. siseree A Izvarane jaDa nahi paNa avikArI caitanya mAnyo. senikAe tene iMdra kahI jagatane svAmI ane Adi kAraNa mAnyo. keTalAka sTaIka leke kahetA ke jyAre deva, mAnava ane AkhuM jagata Adi cetanamAM vilaya pAmaze tyAre te prabhu ja mAtra sarva zaktimAna raheze. arthAta devadevIonI dhAstI rAkhavAnI koI jarUra nathI. A vicAra prasaratAM deva-vANa uparathI paNa AsthA uThI gaI, ane bhaviSya-kathanane pracAra ocho thaI gayevyavahAramAM saphaLa thAo vA na thAo, paNa manuSya-jaMdagInuM sArthaka to pitAnuM kartavya karavAmAM ja che; pitAnA sadAcArathI ja mANasane aMtaramAM satiSa rahe joIe; tethI pitAnA nasIbamAM bhAgyanI bakSIsa che ke kema? te jANavA deva-vANIne Azraya mANase zA mATe levo? anItimAna devo nItimAna mANasane zuM kahevAnA ke ApavAnA hatA ? paraMtu A uparathI eTaluM ja siddha thAya che ke tatvaciMtakAnA vicAra sAmAnya janamaMDaLanA vicArathI ghaNA jUdA hatA. te vakhate chApavAnI.

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116 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa LA astitvamAM AvI nahotI, ane khristi dharmane udaya hajI thaye nahatA. tethI tatva ane jana-samUhanA vicAre vacce aMtara ghaNuM rahyuM hatuM. eTalA mATe remana lekonuM naitika jIvana kayA mULamAMthI vahyuM che tenI zaidha ApaNe anya sthaLe karavAnI rahe che. vaLI tatvanA vicAra minA rAja-dharma sAthe paNa maLatA AvatA nahatA. remane dharma rAjakIya hate. ane A dharmane pitAnA aMtaramAM anAdara chatAM paNa tatvaciMtake jAheramAM te dharma pALatA ane tenA bacAvamAM dalIla paNa karatA. ke Izvara te ekaja che, paNa tene oLakhavAnA rastA jAdA judA hoya che. vartuLanA madhyabiMdue badhI trijyAethI jaI zakAya che, ane je dharmathI sadAcAramAMthI pravRtti thatI hoya te game te bhUla bhareluM hoya paNa te sAre ja che. svadharma zreSTa ja che. ika leke paNa kahetA ke dareka mAPse pitAnA dezanI dharma-kriyAo barAbara karavI joIe. paraMtu remanA rAjakIya dharmathI sArvajanika AcaraNanuM niyamana suvyavasthita thatuM hatuM e kharuM, chatAM te dharma naitika utsAhanuM svataMtra mULa kadi thaye nahote. e dharmanI utpatti rAjyathI hatI ane rAjakIya vRttine lIdhe tenuM pAlana thatuM hatuM. remanA deve ghaNuM karIne judA judA sadAcAranAM sAdAM rUpaka mAtra hatA; athavA vepAra udyoganA jUdA jUdA khAtAnI saMbhALa rAkhavA kapelA phirastA hatA. A dharma pramANe pratijJAo pavitra gaNAtI, keTalAka sadAcAre kAyadAe khAsa pavitra mAnyA hatA ane temanAM dRSTatinI noMdha rAjya taraphathI khAsa levAtI; tenA sthAnika mahA mane lIdhe svadezAbhimAna dRDha thatuM hatuM; muelAMnI pUjA thatI hovAthI AtmAnA amaratvanI jhAMkhI jhAMkhI mAnyatA AvI hatI; kuTuMbamAM tene lIdhe pitAnI sarvoparI sattA rahI hatI; ane lokonAM vartana ekaMdare sAda, bhaktimAna ane sarvopari sattAne adhIna rahenArAM thayAM hatAM. chatAM e dhama sAva svArthI hato. tenI matalaba AbAdI prApta karavI, saMkaTa dUra karavAM ane bhaviSya jANavuM-eTalI ja hatI. prAcIna reme parAkramI purUSo ghaNA upajAvyA che, paNa koI saMta pedA karyo nathI. ene AtmabhAga svadezA

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AcaraNane svabhAva-siddha itihAsa. 117 bhimAnI hato, dhArmika nahota; ane je ke tenI dharma kriyAmAM mizrita thaI keTalAka uMcA sadAcAra lokamAM dRDha thayA hatA, ane tethI lokonAM jIvana ekaMdare sAdAM ane gaMbhIra banyAM hatAM, paNa e dharmathI IzvarIka preraNA kadi kAIne thaI nahotI. paraMtu A sAduM ane gaMbhIra jIvana paNa, prajAtaMtranA astikALamAM ane sArvabhauma rAjyanA udayakALamAM, temanAmAM rahyuM nahi; kAraNa ke remana leke jema jema vijaya karatA gayA, tema tema temanAmAM majazekha ane vilAsanI vRtti vadhatI gaI. prajAtaMtranI sAmAjIka ane rAjakIya vyavasthA tadana uMdhI vaLI gaI, mahemAMhe vigraha thavA lAgyA, navA navA paradezIonA AgamananI sAthe tattvajJAnanA navA navA siddhAMta, rItarivAja ane devonA vicAra dAkhala thavA lAgyA, ane tethI karIne sadAcAranAM jUnAM baMdhane adazya thaI gayAM dharmane lIdhe nIti upara je chApa paDI hatI te lagabhaga bhuMsAI gaI: pUjya buddhine nAza thayo ane loke devane patharA mAravA lAgyA. adhurAmAM pUruM, devane badale pAdazAha pote ja pUjAvA lAgyA. AthI vizeSa dharmanI bhraSTa dazA pachI zI heya ! maMdIramAM je devanI pUjA thatI te ja devanI nATakazALAmAM hAMsI thatI. leke vehemI maTayA nahatA, paNa navA navA dharma teo mAnavA lAgyA hatA ane maMtara jaMtarane vehema vadhI paDyo hato. devenuM astitva leke svIkAratA nahi, chatAM bhaviSyakathana, zukana, svama ane daivI camatkAramAM temanI sepUrNa zraddhA hatI. dhUmaketu, kharatA tArA, dharatIkaMpa ke vilakSaNa janmanI keka gupta ane jAduI asara dhAravAmAM AvatI ane tethI tenuM kAIka prakAre aniSTa sUcana thatuM manAtuM; ane grahavidyAnuM vajana vadhI paDayuM. AvA dharmamAM nItinA upadezaka thavAnuM sAmarthya hetuM nathI. tethI karIne have tattvonA siddhAMta prati ja dRSTi karavAnI rahe che. ane grIsanA saMsargathI be mata romamAM dAkhala thayA hatA e vAta ApaNe upara kahI che.. - have pitAnA svabhAva uparathI mANasa pitAne siddhAMta race che. koI mANasa Akare, kaDaka ane sIdho, manonigraha vALA, himmatavAna, mAtra

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118 sUrapIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. kartavyanI ja buddhivALo, moTe Atmabhoga ApavAne utsukabIjAnI nirbaLatA sahana karI na zake eve, sAdhAraNa vyavahAramAM paNa sakhata ane jhINavaTa vALa, prasaMga Avye AcaraNamAM divya bhavyatA AcaranAra, ane pitAnA siddhAMtane tajavA karatAM maravuM sAruM evA daDha nizcayavALo, hoya che. AvA mANasane sTaIka samajavo. vaLI bIje kaI zAMta svabhAvane, cAle che tema cAlavA de e, milanasAra, namra, bhale, vALAe tema vaLe evo, mitratAnI lAgaNI vALo ane duzmanane kSamA kare evo, aMtaramAM svArthI paNa banI zake tyAM pitAnI vRttionI tRpti sAthe bIjAnI tRpti paNa IcchavAvALo, utsAhamAM maMda ane temane pratikULa, guhya ane guDha vAtothI alaga rahenArecAritryanA uDANa ane AtmabhoganI zani rahita, chatAM AnaMda karavA karAvavAmAM kuzaLa ane aMdagImAM A nadI ane khuzamijAjI rahe e heya che. A mANasane epikyuriyana samaja. sTeika AMtaravAdIne maLato Ave che. epikyuriyana janahitavAdIne maLatuM Ave che. prathama prakArane mANasa svAbhAvika rIte ja AtmasaMyamane sauthI maTe sadAcAra gaNaze, ane bIjA prakArane mANasa Atmabhoga karatAM kamaLa ane mIlanasAra guNene vadhAre pasaMda karaze. Ama cAritrya uparathI mANasanA abhiprAya baMdhAya che e vAta kharI, paNa caritra pite ja dezanA sAmAnya saMjogothI baMdhAya che. je dezanA saMjoga rasika, catura ane iMdriyajanya vilAsane vadhAre anukULa haze, te dezanI prajA saheje epikyarasane mata grahaNa karaze. paraMtu romana prajAnA saMge evA hatA ke jene lIdhe mULathI ja te prajA AcaraNamAM Ika namanAne sevanArI thaI hatI. zarUAtathI ja te prajAne laDAyaka thavuM paDayuM hatuM. ane rahevuM paDayuM hatuM. tethI e prajAmAM laDAIne utsAha ane svadazAbhimAna prathamathI ja AvyAM hatAM. ane A AcaraNane anukULa Ave eve sTaIka siddhAMta te temane pachI maLI gayo. : -have raNasaMgrAmamAM hamezAM Atma-bhAganI vRtti bahu keLavAya che. laDAI mANasane maratAM zIkhave che, AbarU ane utsAhanAM kAryothI paricita rAkhe

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AcaraNane svabhAva siddha ItihAsa che; ane svArtha tyAga karI eka bIjAnI sAthe rahI kAma karatAM, bIkane mAratAM ane rAgadveSa upara daDha kAbu rAkhatAM, zIkhave che. svadezAbhimAnathI paNa jIvananI dRSTimaryAdA vistRta thAya che; samAjane mATe mANase pitAnA svArthane bhoga Ape che ane AbarUne arthe jIvana jIvAya che. pitAnA dezamAM thaI gaelA vIranarenA guNagAnathI mANasenAM mana utsAhI rahe che ane dezane mATe jAna ApavA taiyAra thAya che. A badhA prakAre remanaprajA keLavAI gaI hatI, ane svadezAbhimAna temanAmAM bahu AgaLa paDate sadAcAra gaNAtuM hatuM. ane sArvabhauma rAjyanA lAMbA samayamAM mulkI ane lazkarI vyavasthA temanA hAthamAM rahI hatI, jethI ramana prajA cAritryamAM uccagrAhI ane magarUra thaI hatI. A pramANe remane sadAcAra oMka namunAnuM svarUpa dhAraNa kare evA to te samayanA saMgamAM hatAM. ane A tothI upajI AvatA pUrvavalaNane daDha kare evuM eka bIjuM tatva paNa temanAmAM pracalita hatuM. ane A tattva nItinA upadezamAM jIvana caritane je upayoga teo karatA hatA te che. khristio tika AcaraNamAM yahudIo ke saMta jevA alaukika purUSanAM daSTAMto najaramAM rAkhatA, ane tethI temanA sArvajanika jIvanane namune jema bane tema naSTa thaI jato, kAraNa ke evA purUSanAM jIvane sAmAnya manuSyanAM jIvanethI bahu judA prakAranAM hatAM. paraMtu grIka ane romana leke pitAnAja daSTAtika svadezIonA laukika cAritryane dAkhale letA. ane temanuM ane A daSTAMtika svadezIonuM naitika vAtAvaraNa, jIvananA udeza, AbarUno pradeza ane kAryanuM kSetra-e badhAM tenAM te ja hevAthI, ItihAsanI upadezAtmaka asara temanA upara kaMI alaukika prakAranI thatI. nItinA viSaya upara dareka lakhanAra, judA judA saMgamAM jAdA jAdA uttama purUSo kevI rIte vatyA hatA tenuM varNana karavuM e pa. tAnuM prathama kartavya gaNatA ha; ane pitAnI muzkelInA prasaMge leke e caritrano upayoga karatA hatA ane phalANe phalANe, phalANuM phalANuM

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20 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. saMjogamAM Ama vara hato mATe mAre paNa tema karavuM evo upadeza le temAMthI grahaNa karatA hatA. * ItihAsanI asara uttama manuSyanAM mana upara badalAI gaelA samayamAM paNa kevI thAya che e AvI vAte uparathI spaSTa thAya che. eTalA mATe, remanA sArva bhauma rAjyanA samayamAM, jo ke prajAnA jIvananA saMjogo cheka badalAI gayA hatA to paNa. sTaIka mata siddhAMtamAM ramanA dharma rUpe rahe ane naitika utsAhanuM moTuM mULa ane niyAmaka gaNAya, te temAM Azcarya pAmavA jevuM thoDuM ja che. epikyurasano mata paNa vakhate bahu prasareluM hatuM, paNa te rAjyane vIkhI nAkhanAro siddhAMta ja nIvo che; bahu te, zAMta ane niphikara mANasone e dharma hate. epikapurasane mata mudde nirdoSa hato; ane sineIka matanA je kevaLa mejavAdI ke kharAba naha; paNa je matamAM sukha, cena ane ezaArAmanI evaDI moTI kiMmata AMkavAmAM AvatI hatI te mata laDAyaka samayamAM ucharelA ane cAre tarapha saMkaTothI vIMTAelA lazkarI lekene mATe kevaLa pratikULa ane ayogya hate. epikyurasane mata zAMta, pahoMcele ane bhAvanA rahita janahitavAda hatA. rAmanA mahAna daSTibiMduo tethI jUdA ja prakAranA hatA. vaLI pitAnA sukhane bhega ApavA remana loke sadA tatpara hatA, paraMtu jyAre sukhanI temane vRtti thatI, tyAre ghaNuM karIne halakA prakAranI mejamAM teo AnaMda mAnatA, ane e vAta epipurasanA matathI virUddha hatI. te paNa remanA ItihAsamAM epiyarasanA matane paNa kAMIka kartavya bajAvavAnuM hatuM, paNa te kevaLa niSedhaka hatuM. te matanA upadezanuM valaNa svadezAbhimAnanI virUddha hevAthI prajAkIya lAmaNuM nAbuda karAvavAmAM temane bahu sahAyabhUta thaze, ane A vAta sArvatrika bhelasela (Cosmopolitanism) nA udaya mATe Avazyaka hatI; ane vaLI dhArmika AsthA pratye tenI sakhata virUddhatA hovAthI temanA naSTa thatA paurANika dharma upara enI prabaLa asara thaI.

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vidharmI mahArAjya. - Ama hovAthI, nItinA upadezamAM racanAtmaka kiMvA nizcita asara upajAvavAnuM kAma eMIka matane mAthe AvI paDayuM. A matamAM be vAta mukhya che-khasusa karIne IcchavAnI ane meLavavAnI vAjabI vastu mAtra sadAcAra che, bIjuM kazuM nahi; ane vivekabuddhinI zreSThatA eTalI badhI che ke kAma krodhAdi SaDa vikArone kevaLa dAbI ja devAnA che. arthAta vivekabuddhine vaza rahI sadAcAra pALavA sivAya mANasanuM bIjuM kaI kartavya nathI, ane DAhyA mANasamAM kAma krodhAdi vikAnuM nAma paNa hovuM joIe nahi. keTalAka tattavo kahevA lAgyA ke AmAM atizayokti che, kAraNa ke svArthethI svataMtra sadAcAra manuSyanI aMdagIne mukhya uddeza have joIe e kharuM, tathApi sukha paNa sArI vastu che ane tene mATe kAMIka darakAra rAkhavI vAjabI che. atizayoktinuM bIjuM kAraNa e che ke kAma krodhAdi vikArone vivekabuddhinA kabajAmAM rAkhavA tenuM nAma sadAcAra che e vAta kharI, paNa amuka hadamAM te vikAranI tRpti paNa vAjabI che. chatAM nItimAM niHsvArthatAnuM dRSTibiMdu ane vikAre upara zaktine aMkuza--A be sTaIka matanAM mukhya lakSaNe teo svIkAre che. have romana lokone A mata kema anukULa thayo te ApaNe tapAsIe. prathama lakSaNa svadezAbhimAnanI vRttine kevaLa anukULa hoya che. svadezAbhimAnI remana no jabarA Atma-bhoga ApI mahAna parAkramo karavAmAM mazahura hatA ane temAM kIrti meLavavAnI ke amara thavAnI AzA paNa temaNe rAkhI nathI. mAtra dezanI dAjhe pinAnA priya prANano tyAga temaNe ghaNI khuzIthI karyo che. AvA parAkramI narenA dRSTAntabhUta jIvanathI svArtha ane kartavyanA bhedanI spaSTa ane cokhkhI lAgaNI romana lekamAM utpanna thaI hatI; ane sTIIka matamAM paNa e vAta mukhya hatI. - mANasonI pravRtti sadAcAramAM karAvavA upadezake nItinAM cAra prayojano batAve che. prathama-kAryo kiMvA banAvonI vyavasthA evI che ke sadAcArI sukhI thaze ane durAcArI duHkhI thaze, kAraNa ke samAjane anusarIne je na cAle tene samAja anukULa thAya ja nahi; athavA ahIM game tema

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122 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. hoya, paNa paralokamAM pipAMbAInuM rAjya nathI; tethI tyAM te ghaTe te badale jarUra maLaze. ane tyAM je badale Apaze te ahIM paNa sArA mANasanI kALajI rAkhaze. have dharmanI amuka bhAvanAo jyAM daDha rIte manAtI na hoya tyAM A chelI dalIla kAmamAM AvatI nathI, ane pahelI dalIlane AdhAra samAjanI vyavasthA upara che, kAraNa ke keTalAka samAjanI evI dazA hoya che ke temAM saMpUrNa sadAcArIne sukhanI AzA svapna paNa hotI nathI. vaLI A upadezanA grahaNane AdhAra moTe bhAge khAsa saMjoga ane vyaktionI prakRti upara raheze, ane siseree kahyuM che tema "eka upagitA jene sarajAve che tene nAza bIjI upayogitA ghaNI vAra kare che." bIjuM-zarIranA reganI peThe durAcAra paNa manane rega che. tethI manane paNa sadAcArathI taMdurasta rAkhavuM joIe. zarIranI taMdurastI sa Icche che; te mananI taMdurastI eTale sadAcAra so zA mATe na icche evuM na IcchanAra je kaI hoya te temAM tenI ajJAnatA che mATe bAhya lAbhanI darakAra rAkhyA vinA sIe sadAcArI rahevuM joIe, kAraNa ke durAcAra jAte ja duHkhada ane mAnasika vikSepa upajAve evo che. arthAta durAcAra manane maMdavADa che; sadAcAra mananI taMdurastI che. taMdurastI hoya te bIjA sukha bhogavI zakAya che e vAta kharI, paNa taMdurastI jAte ja sukha che; tema sadAcAra jAte ja sukharUpa che ane durAcAra duHkharUpa che; mATe sadAcAra kare ane durAcAra parahare. A siddhAMta pleTane hate. Ika leke ene pitAnA siddhAMtamAM gauNa sthAna Ape che. trI-samajIne sadAcAra AcaratAM eka prakAranA AnaMdane AvirbhAva pragaTe che. ane A AvirbhAvamAM ane durAcArathI dUra rahetAM manane vikSepa rahita je zAMti thAya che temAM phera che arthAt e bane eka nathI, paNa bhinna bhinna che. mATe mANase sadAcArI ja thavuM joIe. A traNe prayajanomAM aMte kartAnA sukhane uddeza che. prathama projananuM sukha bAhya saMgamAM che; bIjA ane trIjAnuM sukha mAnasika dazAmAM raheluM che.

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vidhamI mahArAjya. 123 cothuM-ApaNuM svabhAvanuM baMdhAraNa ja evuM ja che ke tethI amuka - prakAranuM varNana ApaNuM jIvanane uMcAmAM uMce uddeza thAya che, ane sukhane bhoga ApIne paNa te kartavya ApaNe karavAnuM che. keTalAMka kAryo jAte ja sArAM ane uttama che ane keTalAMka nIca ane halakAM che evuM pratyakSa jJAna ApaNane ApoApa thAya che ane te pramANe vartavAnuM ApaNuM parama kartavya che. A upadeza AMtara vAdIone che; ane temAM sukha ke duHkha, dAna ke daMDa, jAta ke bhAta, ke matamatAMtarane savAla ja nathI. saine mATe sarvatra nItanA niyamo sarakhA ja che. A chelluM prayajana eMIka matane mAnya hatuM. svArthanA halakA prakAra pratye te sTaIka matane spaSTa ane saMpUrNa tiraskAra hatA. tene mukhya siddhAMta ja e hato ke je vastuo upara ApaNuM svAmitva cAlI zakatuM nathI temanA pratye ApaNe nispRha ja rahevuM joIe. bhAgyanI ke bakSIsa pratye manane AkarSAvA na devuM e ja udeza mAnasika keLavaNIne che; ane tethI sadAcAranA prayajana tarIke DahApaNa ke duradezIne bilakula sthAna ja nathI. mATe sAMsArika vastuo mithyA che; DAhyA mANasanA manane tevI vastuo kAMI visAtamAM nathI; ane game tevA duHkhamAM paNa DAhyA mANasa zAMta ane gaMbhIra rahI zake che. romana rAjyamAM je samaye AIka mata pravartate hatA te samaye leke sAMsArika lAbha meLavavA atyaMta utkaMThita rahetA hatA ane durAcAranI sAthe daMbha ane DALa paNa bahu vadhI paDyAM hatAM. TesisanA zabdomAM bolIe te, sadAcAra ane mota sarakhAM gaNAtAM hatA chatAM sTaIka matavALAo lekene bilakula thAbaDayA vinA pitAnA matanI saM pavitratAne upadeza ApatA. kIrtinI AzAe teo e kAma karatA hatA ema paNa nahotuM, kAraNake AtmAne amara karavA mANasanI kaI kAmamAM pravRtti thAya che e vAta teo mAnatA ja nahatA. AtmAnA amaratva bAbata sTeika tattvaciMtakane abhiprAya saMdigdha ane anizcita hato. mAnuSI AtmA Izvarane eza hevAthI muA pachI te eza pitAnA mULa caitanya sAthe bhaLI jAya che evI mAnyatA pracalita hatI. sadAcAra

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124 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa, sivAya anya kakSAmAM zreya nathI evo nizcaya ka matane hovAthI, paralekanuM astitva svIkAravAnI AvazyakatA e matamAM rahI nahi. sadAcArane mATe ja sadAcAra karavAno che, paralokanA sukhane mATe nahi; tethI sukhane mATe paraloka svIkAravAnI jarUra paNa rahI nahi. ramamAM sTaIka matane sthApanAra peneziyasa kahe ke zarIranI sAthe AtmAne paNa nAza thAya che, ane epikaTeTasa e matane anumodana Ape che. AtmAnuM amaratva je leke mAnatA teo paNa tene lIdhe kAryamAM pravRti thAya che e vAtanI nA kahetA. tethI karIne thALI vagADIne Atma-bhogane upadeza ApatA AIka mata te vicAranI sahAyatA vinA ja vikAsa pAmyo che. tathApi eka anya prakAranI amaratAe romanA nItivettAo upara bahu asara karI hatI. AbarUnI, ane vizeSa karIne muA pachI maLatI kIrtinI, khevanA temane bahu hatI. AthI karIne temanA jIvana parAkramI thatAM, ane vANImAM paNa tethI karIne kAMIka kRtrima ane nATakIya asara AvI jatI. paraMtu leka-abhiprAyanI temane AvI darakAra hatI te uparathI ema dhArI levAnuM nathI ke grIsa ane remanA lekamAM daMbha ane DaLa karyA vinA gupacupa rIte sadAcAra AcaravAno vicAra pracalita nahote, athavA pitAnA viSe lekenI halakI gaNanAnI avagaNanA karavA jeTaluM temanAmAM naitika sAmarthya nahotuM. ulaTuM leka-priyatAnA bhoge paNa mANase sadAcAra AcaratA ane atyaMta mAna pAmatA. sisere kahe ke devo ane mANaso na jANe to paNa durAcAra kadi AcaravAne nathI; ane DoLa ane dekhAva karyA vinA gupacupa AcarelA sadAcAranA je bIje kaI sadA, cAra prazaMsanIya nathI. kIrtine mATe nahi, paNa kartavyanI khAtara sadAcAra karavAnuM che. lokone rAjI rAkhavA karelA sadAcArathI to ulaTuM nIti-bhraSTa thavAya che. aprasiddha mANasa paNa pavitra ane divya purUSa hoI zake che e vAta kadi visarI javAnI nathI. suMdara vastu jAte ja suMdara hoya che; lekanI prazaMsAthI tenI suMdaratA vadhI jatI nathI. AvA vicAre te vakhate pracalita hatA. mArkasa oreliyasa muA pachInI kartine mithyA gaNate.

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vidharma mahArAjya. 125 " , " - vaLI sadAcAranI mohinI ane kartavyanI lAgaNImAM spaSTa bheda che ema paNa Ika matavALA kahetA. AnaMda ke moja game tevA uMcA prakAranAM hoya te paNa tene kartavya mAnavAnI teo spaSTa nA kahetA. teo kahetA ke AnaMda te ApaNuM jIvana sAthI che, mArgadarzaka bhomio nathI. deve ane mAnA pApanI daragujara kare te paNa DAhyA mANasa te pApa kadi karaze nahi; kAraNake sajA ane zaramanI dhAstIne mAryo DAhyo mANasa sadAcArI nathI rahetuM, paNa sadAcAra pitAnuM kartavya che ema e samaje che. cAlavAne mATe paga kAMI najarANuM mAgatA nathI; te pachI sadAcArane paNa zAmATe kAMI mAgavuM paDe? A pramANe sTaIka matathI mANase kIrti ane lokaabhiprAyane bhoga ApatAM zIkhyAM ane kartavyane koIpaNa jAtanA AnaMda sAthe khAsa nisabata nathI e vAta samajyAM. mane vikArane tadana nirmULa karI nAkhavA ke jethI karIne vivekabuddhinuM rAjya niSkaTaka cAle e AIka matanuM bIjuM mukhya lakSaNa hatuM. mANasenAM cAritrya moTe bhAge be prakAranAM hoya che e ApaNe AgaLa kahyuM che. ekamAM IcchAzakti prabaLa hoya che, bIjAmAM vAsanAo prabaLa hoya che. prathama prakAranA sArA mANasamAM icchAzakti suvyavasthita thaelI hoya che, tethI te mANasa pitAnA vikAra ke saMjogomAMthI upajatI prabaLa lAlaconI sAme thaIne paNa pitAne je kartavya samajAya che te karyo jAya che. bIjA prakAranA sArA mANasane svabhAva subhAe evo baMdhAI gayo hoya che ke tenA vikAra ane lAgaNIo kudaratI rIte tene sadAcAramAM prere che. AmAMthI prathama prakArane mANasa ja e che ke jenI nItinAM vakhANa ApaNe karI zakIe, ane vAraMvAra AtmAne bhega paNa e ja mANasa ApI zake che. bIjI pAsa jotAM, kudaratI rIte ApoApa tha sadAcAra ramya ane mohaka lAge che, ane tevA mANasa upara ApaNane vAhAla upaje che. A be prakAranA cAritryane anurUpa keLavaNInA paNa be prakAra che; prathama prakAramAM IcchAzaktine daDha karavAne uddeza hoya che ane tenAM daSTAMta prAcInakALamAM spArTInI vyavasthA ane sTeIka mata che; ane kAMIka pheraphAra sAthe, madhya

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ra6 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. kALanI sanyAsavRtti che. du:kha sahana karavA mANaso zaktimAna thAya, dekhItA ane prasiddha vikArone dabAvatAM zIkhe, vilAsa mAtrane tajI de, ane vikArone taddana kAbumAM rAkhe-e temanI matalaba hatI. bIjA prakAranI keLavaNIne uddeza vAsanAone mArga batAvavAnuM hoya che ane te hAlanA samayamAM bahu pracalita che. A paddhati sadAcArane AkarSaka banAvavAne, kalpanA ane AbAdInI saghaLI mohinIo sAthe sArA guNane joDavAne, ane Ama khabara nA paDe tevI rIte vAsanAone dhArelA mArge vALI levAno, pitAthI banatA prayAsa kare che. prathama prakAra laDAyaka prajAne anukULa Ave che ane tethI Atma-bhoga ane parAkramanAM kAryo thAya che. bIjo prakAra zAMta ane ghaNuM sudharelA jamAnAne anukULa che ane tethI kemaLa sadAcArone sagavaDa maLe che. ane saMbhavita che ke sudhArAnI vRddhi sAthe nItine parAkramI namune ocho thaI jaze. saMjoganA baLe prAcIna prajAone prathama prakArane nItine namuno grahaNa karavo paDyo hato, ane tethI ja Ika matavALA kahetA ke vikAre eka jAtane rega che; paraMtu viveka buddhinuM sthAna sarvottama che ane tene anusAra ja manuSyanuM vartana thavuM joIe. hRdayanA vikAra kadi sArA hoya ja nahi evA vicArathI prerAI senikA kahe che ke rahema najaramAM sarvottama sadAcAra che, paNa dayAmAM te durAcAra ja che, dharma ane temane jevo saMbaMdha che te rahema najara ane dayAne saMbaMdha che. rahema najaramAM nyAya hoya che, dayAmAM nyAyane bhaMga thAya che. rahema najara gune ane nasIyatanA pramANanI tulyanA kare che; dayA gunAne bhUlI jaI mAtra nasIyatanA duHkhane ja najaramAM rAkhe che. rahema najaramAM vikArane gaMdha paNa hete nathI, dayA vikAranuM ja svarUpa hoya che. DAhyA mANasa rahema najara rAkhe che, rogI mANaso ane nibaLa strIo dayA dekhADe che. DAhyo mANasa potAnA jAtabhAIone sahAya karavA ja jano hoya che, paNa vikArathI dorAI gayA vinA zAMta cittathI pitAnuM kartavya e karyo jAya che. bIjAnI AMkhamAM AMsu je pitAnI AMkhamAM paNa AMsu Ave e mananI nirbaLatA ja che. arthAta hadayagata vikAre viveka

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vidhamAM mahArAjya. 127 buddhinA virodhI hovAthI temane jaDamULathI nAza ja kare jaIe. khristinA ane vidharmIonA sadAcAra sarakhAvatAM ApaNane mAlama paDe che ke je sadAcAramAM IcchAzaktinI daDhatA ane viveka vadhAre hoya te vidharmIomAM vadhAre uttama gaNAtA; jemAM hadayane bhAva vadhAre hoya te khristiomAM vadhAre uttama gaNatA. prema nahi paNa maitrI, udAra buddhi nahi paNa Atithya, komaLatA nahi paNa meTuM mana, ane dayA nahi paNa rahemIyatae prAcIna saddavartananAM cihna hatAM. manevikArane kevaLa kacarI nAMkhavAno sTaikane siddhAMta ApaNu paropakAra vRttine anyAya Ape che, kAraNa ke tethI dayA jevA saddaguNene sadAcAra rahetuM nathI, paraMtu vivekI ane vikArarahita leke pakAranI jabarI tarapheNa karI tene aMge e vALI Ape che. 3Ara rastAnAm tu vasudhaiva kuTuMm' e tenuM prabaLa sUtra hatuM. tethI te matane khAsa upadeza hato ke dareka mANase daDharIte ema samajavuM joIe ke bIjAnA bhalA mATe ja tene manuSya jIvana maLyuM che. gunA upara paNa dayA rAkhavAnuM te matavALA kahetA, kAraNake leTanI peThe teo paNa ema mAnatA ke gune mAtra ajJAnatAnuM ja pariNAma che. mATe gune aTakAvavA pUratI ja sajA thavI joIe. paraMtu A badhI vAta temanA siddhAMtamAM ja rahetI. ApaNuM svabhAvamAM rahelI hRdaya-bhAvanAonI sAme vigraha mAMDI beThelo mata temAMthI nIpajatA kharAba pariNAmane aTakAvI zakyo nahi; tethI vyAvahArika vartanamAM te e mata eka jAtanuM bhavya AtmAbhimAna ja rahyo hato. 'tamAre dIkaro marI gayo' ema jyAre ene lAgorAsane koIe kahyuM, tyAre " amara purUSanA janmamAM huM kAraNabhUta hatuM ema meM kadi mAnyuM nahotuM eTale ja uttara eNe Apyo hato. Ama siddhAMtamAM rahelA paropakArane vartanamAM mUkAve evuM koI tatva te matamAM nahotuM. duHkha ane rogane saMkaTa mAnavAnI je mANaso nA pADe te bIjAnAM duHkha ane rega maTADavAnAM utsAhI kavacita ja hoI zake che. saMsAranA rAgadveSa ke sukha duHkhathI DAhyA mANasanA cittamAM jarIe kSobha tha na joIe e teone parama daSTibiMdu hatuM. AthI karIne temanA cAritryamAM saMga-dilatA ane

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128 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. w annnnnn maMAANAAAAA samAI AvyAM. vaLI sTrAIka matamAM kudaratane anurUpa jIvana ja saddavartana che. have ApaNI kudarata kivA svabhAva mizra vastu che ane temAM vikAra ane viveka bannenAM astitva che; ane temanA bhinna bhinna kramAgata sadAcAra ApaNamAM hoI zake che e vAta vivekabuddhi ja ApaNane spaSTa kahe che. tethI vikAranA tatvanI avagaNanA karavAmAM sTaIka nItivettAo pitAne ja mata tajI de che. ekadezI siddhAMtathI kyAMI sAruM pariNAma AvyuM nathI. sTIka siddhAMtamAM paropakAra chatAM AcaraNamAM te AvI zake nahi, kAraNa ke hRdayanA je bhAvamAMthI e nIpajI Ave che tene te kevaLa dAbI devAnuM e kahe che; saghaLA sadAcAra sarakhA che ane saghaLA durAcAra paNa sarakhA che ityAdi lekamatathI virUddha aneka vAte tene kahevI paDI; ane AcaraNamAM kRtrimatA ane daMbha AvavA lAgyAM. vahAluM saguM gujarI jatAM mANacane zoca the svAbhAvika che, paNa eMIka mata tenI paravAnagI Apato nathI. mAtra eka ja vAta dhyAnamAM rAkhatAM ane jana-svabhAvanI eka ja bAju keLavatAM, temanAM mana ane vicAra sAMkaDAM thaI gayAM. mAtra sadAcArane zodhI tenI ja pAchaLa bhamyA karavuM e temane siddhAMta hovAthI ghaNuM kharA oMIkoe sRSTi-vijJAna zAstra tarapha durlakSa dAkhavyuM che. - Ika mata avazya karIne pazcAdaza hato ane vitelA yuganI sAdAI punaH prApta karAvavAne mithyA prayAsa karatA hatA. vaLI te matamAM che ke zreSTha ane mahAna purUSe ghaNA thayA che, tathApi meTe bhAge sTeIke sAmAnya leke karatAM paNa nItimAM ekaMdare utaratA hatA, kAraNa ke te matamAM jeTaluM kahevAtuM teTaluM AcaraNamAM AvI zakatuM nahi; meTe ke pitAnA gulAma upara julama bahu gujAra. bruTasa vyAjakhAu ane parANe paisA kaDhAvanAra hatA. paisA kaDhAvavA selemisanA keTalAeka rahevAsIone eNe bhukhe mArI nAkhyA hatA. senika khuzAmatI ane lobhI hata; ItyAdi aneka dAkhalA maLI Ave che. vaLI saghaLAne "DAhyA" philasupha banAvavA e sTaIka matane utkaTa

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10 vidharmI mahArAjya. abhilASa hatA. paraMtu Atma-saMyamanuM dharaNuM eNe evuM te ucuM rAkhyuM ke tethI te mata loDhanA moTA bhAgane ane chaMdagInA sAdhAraNa prasaMgane mATe kevaLa agya nIvaDe. manuSyanuM jIvana itihAsarUpa hoya che, kavitArUpa nathI hotuM. moTAM parAkrama karavAne ke moTAM saMkaTo veThavAne prasaMga jIdagImAM kvacita ja Ave che; paNa nAnA nAnA prasaMge te roja bane che. tethI samAjanI nItinA nimAyaka thavAne lebha rAkhanArI saMsthAe sAmAnya mANasa ane mizrita prayojanone dhyAnamAM rAkhI kAma levuM joIe. arthAta pracalita AcaraNathI nItinuM dRSTibiMdu saheja ja uMcuM joIe. nahito ati zramanA bhaye leke tenI tarapha najara ja karaze nahi. paraMtu Ika mata mAtra viralAonI ja zALA hatI. sadAcAra ane durAcAramAM kramavAra pagathI eNe svIkAryo nahi; sAmAnya mANasanI nItinAM prayojana ane vRttionI gaNanA eNe karI nahi; ane tethI svabhAvika rIte ja jana-samUhe e matano tyAga karyo. - AtmasaMyamanA A nIti-zAstramAM mukhya vAta manuSyanA gauravanI che. DAhyA mANase pitAnA aMtarane pUchI vAta karavAnI che; bIjA mANasanA abhiprAyanI darakAra rAkhavAnI tene kazI jarUra nathI. Ama magarUrIne A matamAM paravAnagI maLe che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa te nItinuM eka mukhya pravartaka tattva bane che. khristi dharmamAM pApanuM bhAna je agatyatA bhegave che te agatyatA A matamAM sadAcAranuM bhAna bhogave che. pApa eTale eka rega; ane DAhyA mANasanuM kAma te maTADavAnuM che, paNa tenA saMjoge upara sthita eNe thavuM nahi. maratI vakhate karelA pApane mATe thatA pazcAtApane e matamAM sthAna ja nathI, ane evA prazcAtApathI cAritrya upara vizuddha ane unnata asara thAya che e vAta prAcInakALanA lokone samajANI lAgatI ja nathI. ane naitika roganI vAstavikatA svIkAravA chatAM temanuM dRSTi-bindu ati ucca ane kharuM kahIe te aprApya hatuM chatAM, manuSyasvabhAvamAM mude sarvottamatA rahelI che ane manuSya pitAnI icchAthI ja sadAcAranuM ati ucca zikhara prApta karI zake ja, e bAbatanI zaMkA

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130 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. te samaye ghaNuM thaDAne thatI. hemara ityAdi kavio kevaLa prArabdhavAdI hatA; badhuM idanI IcchAthI bane che ema teo mAnatA. paraMtu remana TeMIke purUSArthavAdI hatA. bhAgyanI vibhutio Izvara game tema vere, athavA koI kAryanI saphaLatA ke niSphaLatAnI vAta bhale e pitAnA hAthamAM rAkhe, paNa ApaNu vicAra ane vRttionA dhaNI te ApaNe ja chIe, evA vicAra temane mAnya hatA. nItinI bAbatamAM mANasa devonI sAthe paNa harIphAImAM utarI zake ema che. nIti badhAnI che, zuM devonI ekalAnI che? tethI ja sise kahe ke ApaNe sadAcAra ApaNe ja meLavela hovAthI tenI khumArI ApaNane rahe te vAjabI che. je vastu ApaNe ja meLavI zakIe evI che tene mATe vaLI prabhunI prArthanA zI ? sadAcAranI prApti ApaNane Izvara karAvI zake ema nathI. te te ApaNe pote ja karavAnI che. "Izvara jaMdagI Ape che, dravya Ape che, paNa mArA mananI zAMti te huM ja kare chuM." je vAta ApaNAthI banI zake evI nathI tene ja mATe prabhunI prArthanA karavI ghaTe che. lakrizIasa kahetA ke kharo deva te epikyurasa che, ke jeNe nItinA niyame jagatane ApyA. senikA kahe che ke eka bAbatamAM mANasa IzvarathI paNa caDI Ave che. IzvaranI niDaratA ene svabhAvathI prApta che, paNa DAhyA mANasane e pitAthI prApta che. Izvara amara che. eTalI ja enAmAM vizeSatA che. epikaTeTasa kahe ke buruM ke sAruM pitAne pitAthI ja prApta che ema DAhyA mANasa samaje che. Ama manuSya ane Izvara lagabhaga sarakhA gaNAtA hatA. paraMtu sTaIka matamAM Izvara saMbaMdhI vicAra aspaSTa, ayukta ane keTaleka ThekANe asaMgata paNa che. tattvajJAnamAM te mata sarvAtmavAda kivA sarvezvaravAda svIkAre che. A vAdamAM Izvara ane kudaratanA pradeza abhinna hoya che. paraMtu kudaratamAM dIrdha dRSTithI kAma thatuM jovAmAM Ave che. A dIrdha dRSTi ane naitika zreSThatA A be rUpe sTaIka matamAM Izvara pUjAtA hato; ane mANasane AtmA e IzvarathI chUTo paDelo tene aMza mAtra che, athavA Izvara cetanathI vyApta vastu che. tethI IzvaranI preraNA vinA

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vidharmI mahArAjya. 131 ke mANasa mahAna thaI zakato nathI. Izvara badhe che, ApaNu aMtaramAM paNa che. aMtaryAmi devatA eTale ja Izvara. A Izvarane pUjavA joIe. je badhuM tArAmAM che te IzvaranuM che. Ika lekhakonA lekhamAM AvAM vacane ochAM nathI. paraMtu ghaNuM karIne teo saddaguNane IzvaranI nakala karatuM mAnuSI kArya ja lekhe che. "IzvaranI pachavADe cAle " evuM je pleTanuM sUtra hatuM tene Avo artha hato ane Aika lake tenuM vAraMvAra kathana karatA. emAMthI hRdayane sparza kare evA ane suMdara bhaktibhAvane upadeza teo khIlavatA; ane tenI sAthe IzvaranI dIrdha dRSTithI je kAMI thAya tene saMpUrNa zraddhAthI ane niHzaMka mane tAbe thavAnI pharaja teo umeratA. ApaNuM jIvanamAM rahelA vikAra tattvane je atyaMta aNagamo temane hatA temane A umerAthI bahu puSTi maLatI. pitAne nirmita pATha ja mANase bhajavavAne hovAthI, rovuM, kaLavuM ke baDabaDATa kare e prabhunI sAme thavA jevuM che. " e pATha Trake hoya ke lAMbo hoya, " paNa te bhajavavAne ja che. " je prabhunI IcchA evI he ke tAre garIbane pATha bhajave, te AnaMdathI tAre tema karavuM. lUlA laMgaDAne, rAja hAkema ke khAnagI mANasane kadi tAre pATha bhajavavAne hoya; paNuM pramANiktAthI te tAre bhajave. " " kaI paNa tArI vastu gaI che- gumAvI che evuM kadi belIza nahi; paNa te vastuo te pAchI seMpI dIdhI che ema ja kaheje. tArI strI ane chokaruM marI jAya, te mULa dhaNane teM pAchAM emane soMpI dIdhAM che. tAruM khetara tArI pAsethI gayuM te te paNa pAchuM soMpI dIdhuM; duSTa mANase tArI pAsethI te kheMcI lIdhuM. te je prabhue tane e ApyuM hatuM te game te raste pAchuM laI le tenI tAre zI pIDA? " " prabhu koI sArA mANasane AbAdImAM rAkhatA nathI; te prabhu tenI parIkSA kare che, tene tAvI daDha kare che, ane pitAne ja mATe ene taiyAra kare che. " " jenA upara prabhune prema che, tene ja duHkhI karI e nANe che; paNa jene laDAve che tene bhaviSyamAM duHkha devA mATe e bacAve che." arthAta sArA mANasane duHkha devAmAM prabhu tenI parIkSA je

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132 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. kare che. kharAba mANasanI AbAdI aMte temanI adhogati ja sUcave che. nItine je garva eka rIte temanA matamAM upasthita thato hato te, prabhunI dIrdha dRSTine uddezIne bolAelAM AvAM vacanothI bezaka ocho thaI jAya che. AIka upadezakane Azaya paNa teja hatA ane temAM teone prayAsa saphaLa thayo hato. paraMtu e ja prayAsamAM eka bIjuM jokhama samAeluM hatuM, ane saghaLA jamAnAnAM ghaNAM nIti-darzananAM vahANa e jekhamanA kharAbe athaDAI bhAMgI gayAM che; kAraNa ke tethI kevaLa prArabdhavAdI thaI jatAM mANaso kadAca vyAvahArika sadAcAramAM pravRtta ja thAya nahi, ane je thAya te mUro mAMhe sahana karI jemAM kare; ane samAjanI ghaNuM kharI dazAomAM ema ja bane che. paraMtu subhAgye, prAcIna saMskRtimAM sadAcArane vicAra rAjakIya caMcaLatAnI sAthe eTale badho joDAele rahyo hato ke lAMbA kALa sudhI A jokhama kevaLa dUra rahyuM hatuM. prAcIna kALamAM manuSyanA vicAramAM je prAdhAnya rAjya-saMsthA bhogavatI hatI tevuM prAdhAnya arvAcIna samayamAM ene kadi prApta thayuM nathI. te kALe naitika ane buddhi maya jIvananI rageragamAM svadezAbhimAnanI asarano dhamadhamATa cAlI rahyo hato. ati gaMbhIra tatvo, ati vizuddha nIti-vettAo, uMcI pratimA kavio, laDavaiyA ane rAjadvArI purUSa te vakhate hatA. tethI karIne nItinA prAcIna siddhAMtamAM zaherI sadAcArane prasaMgopAta vadhAre paDatuM prAdhAnya apAtuM hatuM eTaluM ja nahi paNa rAjyanA hitanI khAtara ApaNane kaMTALA upajAve evA rivAja paNa rAjyamAM dAkhala karavAnI himAyata tatvaciMtake e karI che. A udeze strIonA sAmAnya bhogavaTAnI himAyata pleToe karI che. pitAnA naitika dhArAne pAye erisToTale grIka leka ane jaMgalIonA bhedane lagabhaga banAvyuM hatuM. spATarDanA kAyadA bahu vakhaNatA hatA. buddhi ane rAjakIya caMcaLatAnA A saMyogathI nItinA siddhAtimAM paNa svadezAbhimAna manuSyanuM mukhya kartavya gaNavA lAgyuM hatuM. arvAcIna upadezakanA siddhAMtamAM svadezAbhimAna evuM agrasthAna bhagavatuM nathI. enekSAgorasa jevuM kaMI uce AkAza tarapha AMgaLI batAvI

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vidhama mahArAjya. 133 kahetuM ke amAre khare deza to tyAM ja che ane tethI dezanikAlamAM kAMI duHkha e mAnatuM nahi. paNa AvA vicAra samayanA pracalita pavanathI taddana virUddha ja hatA. svadezAbhimAna uMcI pratinuM naitika kartavya gaNAtuM, ane vahAlAmAM vahAlA sagA karatAM paNa pitAne deza mANasane vadhAre vahAle hatA; ane je mANasa pitAnA dezane mATe maravAnI jarIka paNa AnAkAnI kare tene sAre mANasa kaI gaNatuM nahi. kavacita kavacita zAMta, ekAMtavAsI jIdagI gujAravAnA raNakArA ApaNe sAMbhaLIe chIe, paraMtu sAmAnya rIte rAjakIya jIvanamAM bhAga levAnuM kartavya gaNAtuM. sisere kahetA ke pravRttimAM ja saghaLA sadAcAra samAele che. janasamAja evuM maMDaLa che ke tenA dareka avayave AkhA samAjanuM bhaluM thAya evI rIte vartavuM ja joIe e Ika matanuM mukhya sUtra hatuM. Ama svadezAbhimAnane lIdhe ja prAcIna lekenI nIti vyavahArapriya rahI hatI ane sTaIka matanA upadezane anusAra julamanA ati viSAdamaya samayamAM pitAnA dezane svataMtra karavA arthe aneka vIree potAnA prANa paNa ApyA hatA. kartavyanI AvI samajavALA, kAma krodhAdi vikArene kabajAmAM rAkhavA samartha, ane zAMta gaurava yukta cittavALAM remana na maravAne taiyAra ja rahetA; ane tattvaciMtanane mukhya uddeza paNa mANasone mota mATe taiyAra karavAne gaNate. bhAganI vibhutio muA pachI kAMI kAmanI nathI, tethI temanI darakAra ja manane zA mATe rahevI joIe ? ane vahemI dhAstIo nAbuda thavAthI temanuM cAritrya AtmAzrayI ane bhavya thatuM. sTeIkamatanuM parama dRSTibiMdu paNa e ja hatuM. paraMtu mRtyu paratve bhavya upadeza temanA jevo jo ke kaI tattvavettAoe Apyo nathI, athavA to temanA jeTalA zAMta vairyathI mRtyunI sanmukha kaI thayA nathI, te paNa temanA niraMtara upadezathI mRtyune rogI agatyatAnuM sthAna temanAmAM prApta thayuM ane jIvanano temane Akho vicAra tethI virUpa thaI gayo hato e vAtanI bhAgye ja nA paDAze. bekana kahe che tema sTaIka matavALAoe mRtyunI kiMmata ati moTI AMkI hatI, ane mRtyunI taiyArIothI mRtyune vadhAre bIhAmaNuM teo

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yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. banAvatA hatA. "kema maravuM e nahi, paNa kema jIvavuM e DAhyA mANasanA manano viSaya hoya che, ane e koI viSaya nathI ke jenA upara DAhyA mANasa mRtyu karatAM ocho vicAra karaze" e spinejhAnA vacanamAM gaMbhIra satya samAeluM che. caMcaLa kartavyaparAyaNatAnuM jIvana e mRtyunI sauthI uttama taiyArI che. ane tene vicAra niraMtara najara samukha rAkhavAthI tenuM du:kha ochuM karavAne uddeza ghaNuM karIne pAra paDatuM ja nathI ane ulaTuM cAritrya vikaLa, uzkerAeluM ane gamagIna tethI banI jAya che; mAnuSI pragatine Avazyaka utsAha ane unnatine lebha naSTa thAya che, ane ghaNIvAra lAgaNIomAM maMdatA ane jaDatA AvI jAya che. evI daMtakathA che ke AyaralAMDamAM jIvana ane mRtyunA be TApu hatA. A be TApuo mansaTaranA eka sarovaramAM hatA. eka TApumAM mRtyuno praveza bilakula nahota, paNa vRddhAvasthA, maMdavADa, jadagIne kaMTALe, ane bhayAnaka duHkhanA uphALAthI leke bahu paricita thatA. aMte leke pitAnI amaratAnA kAyara kAyara thaI gayA ane pelA bIjA TApune zAMtinuM sthAna gaNavA lAgyA. tethI teo tyAM gayA tyAre ja teone zAMti maLI. mRtyu pratye sTaIka tatvavettAonI dRSTi kevI hatI te A daMtakathA uparathI barAbara jaNAI Avaze. muA pachI AtmAnI zI gati thAya che te saMbadhI prAcIna tatvavettAomAM matabhinnatva ghaNuM hatuM. paraMtu meta e mAtra kudaratI visAmo che ane matanI bIka mAtra regI kalpanAnuM ja pariNAma che e vicAramAM sau ekamata hatA. meta ja mAtra evuM saMkaTa che ke je ApaNI hayAtImAM ApaNane kAMI karI zakatuM nathI. ApaNe hoIe tyAre meta hetuM nathI, ane mota Ave tyAre ApaNe hetA nathI. hadagInA aMte ja mota hoya che e vAta khoTI che; AgaLa paNa hoya che. maelAM ane nahi janmelAM sarakhAM ja che. maravuM eTale janamyA pahelA jevA hatA tevA thavAnuM che. olavAI gaelA dIvAnI avasthA, pragaTayA pUrve tenI je avasthA hoya tenA jevI ja samajavI. sadhaLA du:khane aMta te mata. matathI sukhanI prApti thAya che athavA te du:khano

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vidharmI mahArAjya. 135 aMta Ave che. mata gulAmane dura zeThanA paMjAmAMthI mukta kare che, baMdhIkhAnAnAM bAraNuM ughADI nAkhe che, duHkhanA dAhane zAMta kare che, ane garIbAInA taraphaDIAne aMta ANe che. kudaratanI e chelI ane sarvettama bakSIsa che, kAraNa ke sadhaLI ciMtAthI mANasane e mukta kare che. ghaNAmAM ghaNuM to tethI ApaNe mANelI ujANIne aMta Ave che; sivAya bIjuM kAMIe nathI. mata mAgo ke tethI bhAge, paNa temAM saMkaTa ke du:kha nathI; mAtra ApaNuM astitva tenA mULataromAM pAchuM laya pAmI jAya che; jene AnaMdathI tAbe thavAnI ApaNI pharaja che e ApaNI prakRttanA te kAyado che. sisere, lUTArTa ane sToImitavALAonA lekha AvI dalIlathI bharelA che. uparAMta, pleTonA anuyAyIonI peThe sisere paNa AtmAnA amaratvanuM sUcana vAraMvAra kare che. lUTArka paNa AtmAnuM amaratva mAne che, paraMtu tenA matamAM tenAM kAraNe tAtvika nathI; paNa tenI A mAnyatAne AdhAra deva-vANIonI sAkSI upara eNe rAkhe che. sTaIkamatamAM A siddhAMta maMda ane anizcita prakAzathI prakAze che, ane kAryottejaka prayojana tarIke tene upayoga kavacit ja thayo che athavA thayo ja nathI. paraMtu khristienA dhArmika sAhityane cheDI vidharmIonA tattvadarzanamAM ApaNe praveza karIe chIe tyAre je vAta ApaNA khAsa lakSamAM Ave che te e che ke koI paNa rUpe meta zikSAne prakAra che evI mAnyatAnI gerahAjarI ' prAcIna tatvaciMtakanA lekhamAM hatI. sokreTisanA mata pramANe mRtyuthI chava cetana olavAI jAya che agara te tatva zarIranI gulAmagIrImAMthI mukta thAya cheane banne prakAre temAM lAbha ja che. epikyurasa kahetA ke sAruM narasuM mananI lAgaNIone che ane meta thaye lAgaNIo rahetI nathI; mATe mRtyu nispRha che ema samaje. siserenI dalIla AvI hatI -muA pachI AtmA kAMta rahe che ane kAMte mRtyuthI nAza pAme che; rahetA hoya te te sukhI thAya che; nAza pAmatA hoya te te du:khI thato nathI. potAno bhAI gujarI jatAM pilibiyasane senikAe A pramANe dilAso Apyo

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136 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa, hato. "muelAmAM je kaMI lAgaNIo rahetI hoya te jIdagI patinA lAMbA kedakhAnAmAMthI have chUTo thaIne svataMtratAne AnaMda e mANe che; ane vadhAre ucca sthAnethI kudaratanI ajAebIo ane manuSyonAM sapanAM kRtyone e nIhALe che, ane je divya vastuone samajavAne adyApi paryata vyartha yatna eNe karyo hate te vastuone vadhAre spaSTatAthI have e jue che. kAMte te sukhI che ane te te kAMI nathI; te pachI tene mATe geca mAre zA mATe kare ? sukhIAne zeca karavAmAM ISya che; je kAMI nathI tene zoca karavAmAM gAMDapaNa che." A pramANe tattvaciMtake kahetA ke muelAMne mATe zoka karavAnuM koI kAraNa nathI. paraMtu tatvaciMtakonA abhiprAyamAM AvI ekamatatA chatAM. sAmAnya lekane mRtyunI dhAstI bahu rahetI hatI ema grIka purANonI keTalIka kathA uparathI jaNAya che. devanI ke asuranI temane muA pachInI bIka bahu lAgatI hatI te vAtanI sAbIti lujhiziyasa, sise ane lUTArka nA lekhamAMthI paNa maLe che. tethI A dhAstIne naSTa karavI e tattvaciMtananuM kartavya gaNAvA lAgyuM. skUTArka kaheto ke evI dhAstI rAkhavI e devanI kharAbamAM kharAba niMdA karavA jevuM che. sArA nItimAna mANasane pitAnI jIMdagIthI asaMtuSTa thavAnuM koI kAraNa nathI; ane parAkramI purU nA mRtyuthI lekene je pUjyabuddhi temanA pratye thAya che tethI ema ja sAbIta thAya che ke evA purUSo Izvarane paNa vahAlA hoya che. kAraNa ke ke mRtyu je AziravAdarUpa na hoya te evA mANasanuM mRtyu Izvara zA mATe thavA de ? uMghamAM ja mANasanuM mRtyu thAya evuM varadAna keI sArA kAmane mATe deve te mANasane ApatA; ane tevI ghaNI kathAo kahevAmAM AvatI. tethI zAmATe keIe mRtyuthI DaravuM joIe ? AvA daDha vizvAsathI DAhyA mANase mRtyakALe zAMta, dhIrajavAna ane pazcAtApa rahita rahetA hatA. sekreTisane mRtyukALa ke zAMta ane gaMbhIra hato te prasiddha che. AthI karIne bhakitanA prakAramAM moTo pheraphAra thaI gaye, ane lekenuM lakSa nIti upara khAsa ceTavA lAgyuM. grIsanA sAta DAhyA purUSomAM,

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. ' vidharmI mahArAjya. * * 37 eka cilana hatA. mRtyakALe pitAnA ziSyone bhegA karI eNe kahyuM ke tenI AkhI jIMdagImAM eka ja kRtya evuM thayuM hatuM ke jene lIdhe tene te vakhate dilagIrI thatI hatI, ane te e hatuM ke mitranA premanI khAtara tenuM nyAyanuM bhAna kAMIka AcchAdita eka vakhata thayuM hatuM. ane rAmanA sadAcArI purUSo paNa nItimAM niSkalaMka jIvana gALI parama saMtoSathI mRtyukALe magarUra thaI maratA hatA. keTalAka kahe che ke A bAbatamAM vidhama tatvaciMtakenI nIti pristi dharmanI nItinA jevI ja hatI; evI ke kema jANe khristi dharmanI nIti te nItinA vikAsarUpaja hoya ! paraMtu A vAta je ka ghaNuM che. sTaTonA upadezane lAgu pADIe te mATe aMze sAcI che; paNa zarUAtanA ke madhyakALanA kethalika mata paratve te kevaLa boTI kare che; kAraNa ke e banemAM moTo bheda che. tatvaciMtake mRtyune kudaratane kAyado mAnatA, sajA rUpa mAnatA nahi. briti gurUo kahetA ke AdamanA pApane lIdhe mRtyu sajArUpe duniyAmAM AveluM che; ane saghaLI jherI vanaspati, jaDa sRSTimAM thatA utpAta, ane sUryanA prakAzanI ochapanuM kAraNa paNa e pApa ja che. tattvaciMtake mAnatA ke motathI saghaLA duHkhane aMta Ave che; zarIra khAkha thaI gayA pachI zArIrika duHkhonI vAta karavI emAM merI mUrkhAI nahi te bIjuM zuM che ? khristi vRddho kahetA ke mANasanA bahu moTA bhAgane mRtyu pachI tarata ja bhayaMkara duHkha ane vedanAnI zarUAta ja thAya che; ane te vedanAnI AgaLa A duniyAnAM duHkha kAMI gaNatrImAM nathI; game tevI hiMmatathI paNa temane tiraskAra thaI zake ema nathI, ane amara prANIo sivAya anya koi te khamI zake ema nathI. tattvaciMtake kahetA ke mANase pAya na kare tyAM sudhI pavitra ane nirdoSa hoya che; khristi vRddho mAnatA ke janme tyArathI ja mANasa pApI ane aparAdhI che. vidharmIo kahetA ke nAnAM bALake marI jAya temanI pachavADe koI paNa jAtanI dhArmika kriyA karavAnI nathI, kAraNa ke teo saMsAranA rAga pathI rahita hoya che. evA pavitra AtmAone mATe zeca karavAmAM pApa

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138 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. che. khristi vRddha kahetA ke prabhu-bhojanamAM bhAga lIdhA vinA je bALaka marI jAya te IzukhristamAM sajIvatA pAmyuM nathI, ane tethI te pApI ja rahe che. taravaciMtake mAnatA ke manuSyanA naitika svabhAvamAM dharmanAM bIja rahelAM che ane nItimAna manuSya ja paramezvarane priya thAya che. khristi vRddho kahetA ke manuSyanI nIti game tevA uMcA prakAranI hoya paNa tene kAMI kAmamAM te AvatI nathI. dharma upara aDaga zraddhAthI ane temAM kahelI kriyAonA yathArtha pAlanathI ja tenI mukita thAya che. mRtyu paratve je dhAstIo kalpanAne lIdhe ubhI thaI hatI temane dUra karI mANasane svataMtra karavAne udeza vidhamI tatvaciMtakane hato. ke. lika dharmagurUo te viSe bane teTalI dhAstIo batAvI pitAnI sattA sarvopari sthApavAnA hetu tarIke mRtyune upayoga karatA hatA. A uze teo bALavAne badale zabane dATavAnuM kahetA, ane bhUta pizAca ane camatkAranI vAta karatA. ghaNuM khara veheme be bAbate viSe ja hoya che. mRtyunI dhAstI ane jIMdagIne dareka banAva IzvarIka camatkAranuM pariNAma che evI mAnyatA. madhya kALamAM prathama jAtanA veheme ghaNuM prabaLa hatA. prAcIna kALamAM bIjI jAtanA vaheme pracalita hatA. aMdhArAmAM hAu ubho che ema kahI mAtA jema bALakane AjJAMkita rAkhe che tema madhya kALanA dharmaguruo paNa mRtyunI dhAstI batAvI mANasene vaza rAkhatA; ane keLavaNI, sAhitya ane kaLA lAMbA vakhata sudhI temanA hAthamAM rahelAM hovAthI saikAo paryata temaNe upajAvelI mRtyunI dhAstIone be lekenI kalpanA upara rahyo hato. Ama mRtyu paratve tatvaciMtake ane khristi gurUonA mata judA judA hatA. manuSya apUrNa prANI che eTaluM ja nahi paNa bhraSTa che, ane tenA pApanA pariNAme mRtyunI zikSA tene mAthe caDI che e siddhAMta Adama jAtane kevaLa na ja hato ane duniyAne naitika ItihAsa upara e siddhAMtanI asara. ghaNI gaMbhIra thaI che. temanuM A mata-bhinnatva Atma-hatyAnI vicAraNAthI vaLI vadhAre spaSTa thAya che. keTalAka prAcIna tatvaciMtake AtmahatyAnI virUddha hatA e

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vidhamAM mahArA. 128 vAta kharI, tathApi ekaMdare te kALe AtmahatyAmAM pApa gaNAtuM nahotuM. kartavya karatAM mANase DaravAnuM nathI; chatAM pitAnI jIdagIne cAhe tevA upayoga karavAne dareka mANasane haka che ema sTaIka leke mAnatA. prAcInakALanA leke mRtyu tarapha je dRSTithI jotA hatA tenuM A pariNAma che. ane vaLI jyAM leke AtmahatyA pratye nAkhuzInI najarathI jotA nathI tyAM te kAryanI zarama jatAM tene ghaNe khare gune jato rahe che, kAraNa ke Atma-hatyAmAM je gune ja thatuM hoya te te guno badhe maranAranAM kuTuM ane upajatA kalaMka ane duHkhane lIdhe thaI jato nathI ema je dRDha rIte mAnatA hoya che teo turata kabula karaze ke te du:kha ane kalaMkane lIdhe te gune vadhAre me guno bane che. paraMtu prAcInakALamAM te guno ja gaNato na hovAthI tene vadhAre moTA thavApaNuM rahetuM nahotuM. epikyurasa pUchatA ke tamArI pAse mota Ave tenA karatAM tame mota pAse jAo te sAruM ke nahi? ane tenA keTalAka anuyAyIoe AtmahatyA karelI che. linI ka hete ke mANasa pitAnI meLe marI zake che eTalI Izvara karatAM enAmAM vizeSatA che. Izvarane upakAra mAnavo joIe ke duniyAmAM jherI vanaspati eNe banAvI che. sIreneka matavALA mojavAdI hatA, paNa tene eka moTo anuyAyI kahete ke aMdagI ciMtAthI eTalI badhI bharapUra che ke mRtyumAM ja mANasoe moTAmAM moTuM bhAgya mAnavuM joIe; ane A upadezathI aneka mANaso Atma-hatyA karavA lAgyAM hatAM. paraMtu romana rAjyamAM ane romana sTaIkamAM ApaghAta karavAnuM gheluM lekene ghaNuM lAgyuM hatuM. mULathIja amuka prasaMge thate AtmaghAta naramegha jevI dhArmika kriyAne eka prakAra gaNAto hato. ane pAchaLathI temAM bIna ghaNuM kAraNa bhaLatAM gayAM. taravAranA prANaghAtaka belene lIdhe mRtyuthI upajatI kamakamATI ochI thaI gaI. laDAImAM pakaDAelA kedIo gulAmagIrInA du:khamAMthI mukta thavA AtmahatyA karatA. rAjakIya kedIone pitAne hAthe maravAnI pharaja pADavAmAM AvatI. ane sIjhara vaMzanA rAjaenA tuMgI ane ghAtakI julamathI AtmaghAtanA aneka dAkhalA banavA

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140 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa lAgyA hatA. ane tethI leka-vicArane amuka pravAha vahevA lAge. zArIrika julama gujAravAnAM sAhitya game tevAM krUra haiya, paNa te badhAM mRtyu AgaLa nakAmAM che. mRtyuthI svataMtratA prApta thAya che. teya maravuM ane kamote maravuM. tyAre ApaNe hAthe ja ApaNe aMta ANa zuM khoTa ? jhera khAo, phAMso khAo, talavArathI mare, paNa mara; ane gulAmagIrInA baMdhanamAMthI chUTe. janmavAne rasto eka ja che, paNa maravAnA aneka che. temAMthI phAve te pasaMda karI lo. kevI kudaratanI kRpA ! mANase kahe che ke jaMdagI duHkhanI bharelI che, paNa temane maravAne haka kyAM jato rahyo che ? ane tethI duHkha paNa kyAM rahyuM? jIdagImAM AnaMda hoya to jIvaje. nahi to jyAMthI AvyA tyAM pAchA javAnI tamArI svataMtratA keI chInavI le ema nathI ja. jIvavAnuM keIne baMdhana nathI. romanA ToIka upadezaka A bodha karatA. kAyadAmAM paNa e hakane svIkAra hato. paNa samaya jatAM be aMkuza tenA upara mUkAyA hatA. rAjakIya gunegAronA mRta dehane apamAna ApavAmAM AvatuM ane temanI mIkata japta thatI. emAMthI bacI jevA teo ApaghAta karatA. tethI e kAyado thayo ke e gunegAra ApaghAta kare to paNa tene kAyadA pramANe ghaLI zikSA karavI. vaLI heDiyananA samayamAM romana sIpAIne ApaghAta vagara rajAe karIne tyAganI barAbara gaNAta. A be apavAda sivAya AtmahatyAnI chUTa hatI. tethI bhinna bhinna bahAne aneka mANase AtmahatyA karatA. pitAnA zeDa ke svAmInA maDadAnI sAthe leke samakSa teo baLI marata. rogane chevaTano vaidya mRtyu gaNAtuM ane AtmaghAta karatAM Dare te bAyo leba. IdagI chokarAMnI ramata jevI che; ne game tyAre cAlyA javuM. mRtyunuM dvAra hamezAM ughADuM ja che. roga maTe tema hoya athavA vRddhAvasthA mAM hAtha paga ane di sAna to ja hoya te jIvavAmAM aDacaNanathI: nahi te jIvIne zAmATe duHkhI thavuM? AvA vicAra lenA te samaye hatA; ane te pramANe AcaraNa paNa teo karatA. asAdhya roganI pIDAmAMthI mukta thavA strIo potAnA svAmIne paNa ApaghAta karavA vakhate

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141 vidharma mahArAjya. samajAvatI ane sAthe pote paNa maratI. remanA sTaIka matanuM zirobiMdu ApaghAtane siddhAMta che. te lekenA magarUra, svAzrayI, ane kaDaka svabhAvane atyaMta duHkha ane nirAzAnA vakhate temane aMta ANavA AvI. cokkasa bArInI jarUra hatI. sTaIka mata AzAnuM koI dvAra khulluM karI Apato nathI, paNa kazAthI nahi DaravAne upadeza e bezaka Ape che. mRtyuthI saghaLAM duHkhano aMta Ave che evA vicArathI chadagInI ghaNI kaDavAza ochI thaI jAya che. Ika matamAM sadguNa ane magarUrI sAthe rahelAM che ane ucca udeze temanA saMmelanathI nItinI kevI saMsthA upajI Ave tenuM daSTAMta e mata che. "meM tumArI gau huM" evI svabhAvanI kaMgALIata ke svamAnabhaMganI te matamAM vAta ja nathI. jIvatAM ke maratAM sadAcArI sTaika sIdhe ane akkaDa ja raheto hato. paraMtu ahIM jarIka pAchaLa daSTi karI siMhAvalekane ApaNe karI laIe ke jethI AgaLa cAlavuM vadhAre sugama thAya. vyavahAramAM AcaraNane namune upasthita thayA pachI ja nItimAM tene anurUpa siddhAMtanuM buddhipUvika sthApana thAya che e niyama remane paNa lAgu paDe che. remanuM prajAsattAka rAjya sainika vijayanA udeze ja yojita thayuM hatuM; tethI sainika samAjanA sadAcAra ane durAcAra tenAmAM AvyA hatA. sainika jIvana kamaLa sadAcArane pratikULa ane Atmabhogane anukULa hoya che. jemanA ke baLanI kiMmata bahu gaNatA. laDAIne lIdhe niraMtara kUratAnA paricita thavAthI svAbhAvika dayAne eza temanAmAM bahu De hato. temanI naitika bhAvanAo lagabhaga rAjakIya hatI, ane aDaga magarUrI temanA svabhAvanuM mukhya tarava hatuM. tethI temanAmAM kharI kamaLatA ke dInatA nahotI, ane sainika jIvanamAM e hovI saMbhavita paNa nathI. sAdI, ugra, bhArekhama, paraMtu aziSTa naitika sarvottamatA temanAmAM paMkAtI. uddezanI sUkSmatA, vRttionI rasikatA, ane lAgaNIonI sughaDatAnI kismata teo bhAgye ja samajI zakatA. paraMtu teo niHsvArthI ane Atma-bhoga ApanArA hatA. pairyathI mRtyunI sAme thavAne guNa temanAmAM hatA. temanI raheNI sAdI, karakasaravALA,

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142 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. AbarUdAra ane mahenatu hatI. uparAMta teo jItedriya, rAgadveSane mArI zake evA, kapriyatAnA bhoge paNa pitAne uddeza jALavavAmAM daDha ane kartavyaparAyaNa hatA. svadezAbhimAnane lIdhe temanAmAM ghaNu sadAcAra AvyA hatA. AvA saMjogomAM temane grIka tattvavettAone saMsarga thaye; Aika ane epikyuriyana matanI temanAmAM carcA thavA lAgI; ane je ke epikyurasanA matane prasAra temanAmAM ghaNo thayo hato, paraMtu eMIka mata temanA khamIrane anukuLa hovAthI sudharelA vargane te mata dharmarUpa thaI paDe. - AIka mata pramANe ApaNI viveka buddhi jIvanane eka amuka kAyade ApaNane pratyakSa batAve che ane sukha duHkha ke svArthanI kaI paNa gaNatrI rAkhyA vinA te kAyadAne anusarI ApaNe cAlavAnuM che. ApaNI IcchA zaktinuM niyamana viveka buddhithI ja thavuM joIe. kAmakrodhAdi vikAre eka jAtane roga ja che. ApaNI IcchAzaktine unnata karI daDha karavI, ane vikArane moLA pADI cheka heThe besArI devA e vAta sTaIka matamAM mukhya che, ane mANasathI e vAta banI zake evI che. vartamAna jIMdagI sivAya bIjA kazAnI darakAra rAkhavAnI ene jarUra nathI; tethI mRtyu joI dilagIra thavAnI ke gabharAvAnI tene koI jarUra nathI; ane tenI marajI hoya te ApaghAta karavAne tene haka che. A e matane upade hate. romana lekene A badhI vAto bahu bhAvatI AvI, ane tethI aika mata temanAmAM prabaLa thayo; ane te eTale sudhI ke saMjoga badalAtAM lokenA AcaraNamAM phera paDavA lAge tyAre paNa te mata daDhatAthI tenI sAme thayo. leka-vicArane mAna ApI pitAnA siddhAMtamAM kAMIpaNa pheraphAra karI lekene rAjI rAkhavAnI Ika mate sApha na kahI che. sudhArA te duniyAmAM ghaNA thayA che ane thaze, paNa A vAtane lIdhe bIjA badhA sudhArakethI sTaIka matavALA jUdA tarI Ave che. pitAnA siddhAMtanI vizuddhi eMIka mate kadi cheDI dIdhI hatI. atyaMta aMdhAdhunI ane bhraSTatAnA samayamAM paNa sArAnarasAno bheda romana lokonA vicAmAMthI bhUMsAI

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vidhama mahArAjya. 143 -~-1 - gayo nahote. pitAnI AsapAsa bhraSTatA prasarelI jeIne paNa Ika lekee pitAnuM dhoraNa kadi nIcuM karyuM nahotuM. Ama eka taraphathI Ika matanI sakhtAI ane bIjI taraphathI lekanI vilAsa-vRtti evAM be tarava romanA sAmrAjya samayamAM sAmasAmAM ubhAM thayAM. sudhArA vadhatAM mANasonA naitika ane mAnasika vicAranI dRSTi maryAdA vistRta thAya che e satyane svIkAra sTaIka mate karyo nahi. romamAM eMIka matane praveza thayA pachI ane khristi dharmanuM sthApana thayA pUrve, rAjakIya parivartananA aMge lekenA nItinA vicAra paNa badalAI gayA hatA. A pheraphAra be prakAranA hatAH eka to, Atma-bhoganA ugra sadAcAranI jagA zubhecchAnA komaLa sadAcAre levA mAMDI; ane bIje, naitika sahRdayatA dhIme dhIme vadhIne saghaLA varga ane saghaLI prajAomAM phelAI gaI. A badalAelA samayane sTaIka mata anukULa Avyo nahi, paNuM khristi dharmane te bahu anukULa thaI paDe; ane tethI ja e dharmanI phateha thaI. A vAta kema banI te have ApaNe joIe. grIsa chatAyAthI rema grIsanA saMsargamAM AvyuM. grIsamAM kaLA ane sAhityane vikAsa thayo hate. grIka leke taravAranA prANaghAtaka belethI ajANyA hatA; ane divijaya karI deze chatavAne temane zekha nahote. tethI temanA jIvanamAM eka jAtanI komaLatA ane naramAza rahI hatI. veranA havasane jema bane tema dAbI devAnuM pitAnuM kartavya teo samajatA, ane dayA temanAmAM pavitra devI tarIke pUjAtI. remanA zUravIra naremAM A kamaLatA ane naramAza nahatAM. paraMtu grIka lekamAM ja ke dayAne guNa ghaNe hatA, paNa sarvane sarakhA gaNavAna sadAcAra temanAmAM prathama nahe. anya prajAne grIka leke jaMgalI kahetA e vAta prasiddha che. paraMtu A bAbatamAM temanA vicAra dhIme dhIme vistRta thavA lAgyA. sokreTisanA maraNa pachI dareka bAbatamAM svataMtra TIkA thavA lAgI. sanyAsavAda (cynicism) ane epikayuratanA matane prasAra thatAM leke rAjakIya jIvanamAM nispRha thavA lAgyA. leka

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144 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa >> jIta mAnya dharmone nAza thayo ane paripakava sudhArA ane vizALa jJAnanI sAme ekadezI sAMkaDA vicAra TakI zakyA nahi. A buddhiviSayaka kAraNanI sAthe rAjakIya kAraNe paNa bhaLyAM. sArvabhauma rAjya sthApavAnI alekajhAMDaranI AkAMkSAe spArTI ane ethensanI kIrtine jhAMkhI karI nAkhI; bheda-daSTine dUra rAkhI chatAelI prajAne moTA moTA haka eNe ApyA; ane alekjhAMDiyA zaherane vepAra ane mitratattvajJAnanuM kedra sthApyuM. A bane jAtanAM kAraNothI grIka prajA sarva pratye samAnadaSTithI jotAM zIkhI. - AvA grIka leke upara remana lekee vijaya te meLavyo, paNa bhASA, vicAra ane tatvajJAnamAM grIka loke temanAthI caDhIAtA hatA; tethI ramanA leke upara temanI jabarI chApa paDavA lAgI. remane sarvetama sadAcAra eMIka matadvArA pratIta thavA lAgyo, ane durAcAra epi. kayuresane matathI AcchAdita thavA lAgyo. sArAM pustake grIka bhASAmAM lakhAvA lAgyAM; ane grIka kArIgare remamAM ubharAvA lAgyA. nATakazALAo zarU thaI ane grIka gulAmo maTI merI kiMmate kharIdavA lAgyA. ethensanI harakoI suMdara vastu remamAM AvavA lAgI. remanI mULa sAdAI Ama naSTa thavA lAgI, paNa sahRdayatA vadhavA lAgI. e ja samaye eka bIjo moTo pheraphAra paNa remamAM thato hato. amIra varga ane sAmAnya leke vacce kusaMpa vadhatAM mAMhomAMhe laDAIo thavA lAgI ane pariNAme sIjharanuM jora vadhatAM ramamAM zahenazAhatanI sthApanA thaI. varga-bheda zahenazAhatane pratikULa jaNAye ane tethI zahenazAha amIravargane kacaravA lAgyA ane lokone khuzI karI temane priya thavAno prayAsa karavA lAgyA. AthI ghaNuM amIrone ghANa vaLI gayo ane bAkInA sArvajanika ramatagamata ane mejavilAsanA kharacamAM DUbI gayA. bIjI taraphathI navIna vargamAM paise vadhavA lAge ane sAmAnya varganA loko zahenazAhanA mAnItA thaI rAjyamAM moTA moTA adhikAra bhogavavA lAgyA ane kaMI kaMI uthalapAthala karavA lAgyA. - Ama vargabheda bhUMsAvA lAge ane remanI rAjasabhAmAM prathama roma

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vidhama mahArAjya. 145 ne ja besatA tyAM have videzIo paNa besavA lAgyA. vaLI rAjyanA vistArane lIdhe ghaNA sipAIone lAMbA vakhata sudhI pratimAM dUra rahevuM paDatuM ane tethI videzIya rItarivAje remamAM dAkhala thavA lAgyA. vizALa rAjyanI rAjadhAnI hevAthI, aneka prasaMgone laIne remamAM aneka jAtanAM mANasone meLe thavA lAgyo. ane aneka jAtanI bhASA ane vicAra, aneka jAtanA dharma-po ane mata matAMtara, tarehavAra sadAcAra ane durAcAra, romamAM pracAra pAmavA lAgyAM. musApharInI sagavaDa vadhI hatI ane aneka mISe romanA leke musApharI karatA, ane temanI vilAsa-vRttine saMtoSavA aneka mANaso vastuo laI remamAM AvatA, keinA dharmamAM rAjya vacce paDatuM nahi; tethI dareka dharma pitAne mata phelAvavAno Agraha rAkhato. mIsaranA dharma ane tattvadarzanathI leke ghelA ghelA thaI javA lAgyA, ane ogasTasanA samacamAM paNa hajAre yahudIo remamAM rahetA hatA, ane temanI rItabhAta ane dharma lekAmAM bahu prasaravA lAgyAM hatAM. gulAmonA saMbaMdhamAM paNa moTo pheraphAra thato hato. ghaNuM gulAma jAte vaidya ane kArIgara hatA. keTalAka uttama graMthakAra paNa hatA. aNIne samaye A gulAme vairya ane nimakahalAlI batAvatA. AvAM kAraNone lIdhe gulAma ane zeTha vacce bheda paNa tvarAthI bhUsAvA lAgyo. vaLI vAraMvAra thatI laDAIne lIdhe joIe teTalA gulAma meLavavAnI aDacaNa AvatI nahi, tethI nimakahalAla nekarInA badalAmAM gulAme jhaTa svataMtra thaI jatA. aneka kAraNone lIdhe zeTha paNa pitAnA gulAmane svataMtra karatA; ane chUTA thaelA gulAme upara ane temanAM chokarAMo upara paNa zeDane murabbIvaTane haka raheta; tethI ekaMdare gulAmane chUTA karavAmAM zeThane svArtha paNa rahe. AvA svataMtra thaelA gulAmenI saMkhyA romamAM ghaNI ja vadhI paDI hatI. - Ama saMjoganA baLe remane samaya cheka badalAI gayuM ane cArepAsa nAnA moTAne ane uMca nIcano bheda bhuMsAI jatuM hatuM ane sau sarakhA che evI lAgaNI lokamAM ubhI thavA lAgI hatI. paraMtu remanI

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146 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa. rAjya paddhatithI pheraphAranA A cakramAM tvarita gati AvI e vAta paNa niHsaMzaya che. remanA prajAsattAka samayamAM jItAelA aneka dezane kema sAcavI rAkhavA e praznane nirNaya sArvabhauma rAjyanA samayamAM ramavAsIene karavAne hate. judA judA svabhAva, dharma, bhASA, rItarivAja ane rasamavALI bhinna bhinna jAtene eka rAjasattA nIce salAha saMpathI kema rAkhavI e durdhaTa praznanuM nirAkaraNa arvAcIna samaye briTiza saltanatamAM sthAnika kAyadAthI thAya che, je vAta hAlamAM "svarAjyanA nAmathI prasiddha che. paraMtu chatAelA dezanuM sAMtvana remana loke bIjI rIte karatA. prathama te temanA rItarivAja ane dharmamAM teo bilakula vacce paDatA nahi. ane dhIme dhIme temane pitAne jevA ja hake teo ApatA. temanA upara vizvAsa rAkhI dezanA saMrakSaNanuM kAma paNa teo temane sepatA. rAjyanI moTI moTI nokarIomAM temane dAkhala karatA ane ramavAsIne haka paNa temane ApatA. AthI karIne leke zahenazAhane vaphAdAra rahetA. A pramANe sarvatra seLabheLane prakAra cAlu rahetAM remana lekenuM AkhuM jIvana pharI gayuM; ane tethI temanA naitika vicAramAM paNa moTe pheraphAra thaI gayo. prAcIna samayamAM je roma sAMkaDA, sainika ane svadezAbhimAnI saguNonuM sthaLa hatuM, te ja roma have vistRta mAnuSI prema ane sahRdayatAnuM dhAma thaI paDayuM. A sthiti eMIkamatane anukULa hatI. prathamathI ja te matamAM sArvatrika bhrAtRbhAvane svIkAra hatA. eMikamatavALAne zreyanI cIja mAtra sakAcAra ja hovAthI anya kazAnI apekSA tene nahotI. tethI uMcA kuLamAM janma, padavI, deza ke dravya e badhAM jIdagImAM akasmAtarUpe tene lAgatI; mATe temane lIdhe mANasa mANasamAM bheda paDe nahi. mAtra sadAcAramAM ja eka mANasa bIjAthI caDhIAte hoI zake che. badhAM mANaso eka ja IzvaranA aMza che; tethI eka kuTuMbI ApaNe, eka pitA parivAra-e sUtra e matanuM mukhya hatuM; ane jemanA lekane saMjogenA baLe e vAta prApta ja hatI. sise kahe ke mANasane janma bIjAM manuSyone sahAya karavA mATe che. mANase mANasanuM bhaluM cAhavuM ja

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vidharmI mahArAjya. 147 joIe. moTe kaNa ane nAne koNa? amIra, gulAma ane svataMtra thaele parijana-e sai sarakhA ja che. "duniyA amAre deza che ane deve amArA rakSaka che.' DAhyA mANasa te samaje ja ke bIjAnA bhalAmAM ja pitAnuM bhaluM che, kAraNa ke kudaratane kAyado ja evo che. mANasane janma tene pitAne mATe nathI, paNa AkhI duniyAne mATe che. sTaIka matane A badhA vicAra anukULa hatA. ' paraMtu sudhAre vadhatAM kamaLa lAgaNIone je vikAsa thavA mAMDe che te vikAsane anukULa sTaIka mata nahoto. samAjanA saMjoga badalAtAM rAmana kemAM naramAza ane vilAsanI je vRttio upajatI hatI temane anumodana Ape evA tattvanI kamatamAM gerahAjarI hatI. eMIkamata nItimAM bhavya paNa sakhta hatA ane rahyA. tethI karIne mizra-matavAdI ne varga ubho thayo, ane kamaLa sadAcAra AgaLa AvavA lAgyA. sagA snehIonA mRtyuthI sTIIka tattvajJanuM hRdaya aspRzya rahetuM te vAta vaDAvA lAgI ane nirbaLatA ane zokanA prasaMgomAMthI paNa keTalAMka saphavartana prApta thAya che e vAtane Adara thavA lAgyo. A bheda sainikA ane plaTArkanI sarakhAmaNI karatAM spaSTa thaze. senika saze purUSa hato, luTArkamAM kAMIka strIne aMza hatA. prArabdhavazAta je bane che tene mATe zokanuM kAMI paNa cinha batAvyA vinA tene tAbe thavuM e upadeza senika Ape che; pitAnA marI gaelA bALakane mATe vilApa karatI mAtAne AzvAsana ApavA luTArTa taiyAra che. strIne sadAcAra ane tenA premanI pavitratA luTArka samajato hato. je je vAtathI dilAse maLe tene saMgraha karavAmAM luTArka catura hato. senikAne evAM cAritraya joItAM hatAM ke jene dilAsAnI jarUra ja na paDe. pravRttizIla ane vyavahArapriya remana prajAne kevaLa vicAranI vAta mohaka lAge ema nahotuM. tethI sTaIka matamAM pitAne anukULa hatuM teTaluM mana leke svIkArI lIdhuM. bAkInI bAbatamAM sTeika mata paNa temanAmAM rUpAMtara pAmato gayo. sTaIka matamAM khristi dharmanA jevI dharma

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148 yUrepIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. bhAvanA nahotI. paraMtu sadAcAra Izvarane aMza lekhAte, ane tethI sadAcArI mANasa Izvara tulya pUjAta. rUpAMtara pAmelA sTaIka matamAM A vAta dhIme dhIme badalAI gaI; ane manuSyathI svataMtra saguNa IzvaranI upAsanA thavA lAgI. epikaTeTasa kaheta ke Izvara che ane te sarvajJa che e vAta prathama zIkhavAnI che. oraDAnAM bAraNAM baMdha karI aMdhArAmAM tame gupacupa beThA te uparathI ema na samajaze ke tyAM tame ekalA ja che; kAraNa ke oraDAmAM Izvara paNa che. AvA prabhunAM yazogAna gAo ! AvI dharmabhAvanA "mArkasa oreliyasanAM manana' nAmanA pustakamAM paNa dekhAya che. chatAM bannenA vicAramAM eka bheda che. epikaTeTasanA mata pramANe manuSya izvaranuM saMtAna hovAthI bhavya sadAcAranA baLe IzvaranI tulya thavAnI tenAmAM zakti che. tethI manuSya gaviSTa na thavuM, chatAM pitAnI A zaktine zAMta ane gaMbhIra vizvAsa te ene have ja joIe. mArkasa oreliyasa kahe ke manuSya sabaLa nahi, paNa bahu nibaLa prANuM che. game tevo sadAcArI mANasa paNa aMte nirbaLa che. mANasa te mANasa ane prabhu te prabhu, khristi dharma "dInatA" ne je pATha zIkhave che tene A vAta sAnukULa che. bIjuM rUpAMtara e thayuM ke sTaIka mata pAchaLathI vadhAre vadhAre aMtarAbhimukha thatuM gayo. ane tethI Atma-nirIkSaNa ane vicAranI vizuddhi agrasthAne AvyAM. tethI rAtrIe sUtI vakhate pitAnAM kAryo ane vicA. rone tapAsI jevAne pracAra vadhato gayo. kAryo upara ja mANasanA vicAre prathama sthita thatA te have bhAvanAo ane aMtaranA vicAra upara sthita thavA lAgyA; ane bhAvanAone keLapavAnuM kartavya samajAvA lAgyuM. devanI ArAdhanA dharma kriyAthI nahi, paNa zuddha bhAvanAthI thavI joIe e vicAra prabaLa the. hRdayanI bhAvanAo evI rIte keLavAvI joIe ke koI suMdara strIne joI "tenA svAmInA aho bhAgya!" eTale paNa uddagAra aMtaramAM na uThe. atyaMta jAgratithI mANase pitAnA aMtaranA vicAronuM nirIkSaNa karatA rahevuM joIe. : AvA siddhAMtanuM sarvotama daSTAMta mArkasa oreliyasa pate ja ho.

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vidhamI mahArAjya 149 te svabhAve sarala, bALakavat nirdoSa. ane atyaMta snehALa hato. buddhinI prabaLatA rahita, caMcaLa ane sArvajanika pravRtti karatAM manana, vicAra, ekAMta ane maitrInI vadhAre IcchAvALe, rAjAnI jAhojalAlI ane vaibhavano tadana nispRhI, vidvattAnA DoLane kAMIka zokhIna e A remane zehenazAha manane majabuta kare evA jhInanA tatvajJAnane ziSya thayo; ane e tattvajJAne ene saMpUrNa sadAcArI banAvyuM. tenA samayamAM remane janasamAja tadana saDI gayo hato ane durAcArane mATe roma maza hura hatuM. chatAM leke ene izvararUpa mAnatA. enA "manana'mAM enA AMta rika vicAro ane bhAvanAo suspaSTa rIte AlekhAyAM che. enA hRdaya nI vizuddhi sthira tArAnA cakacakita prakAza jevI hatI. vizALa rAjyane zahenazAha chatAM saghaLAM mANasone sarakhAM gaNavAne tenA hRdayane uttama labha hato ane prajAgaNanI svataMtratAne mAna ApavAnuM pitAnuM kartavya e gaNato. rAjakIya kuzaLatAnI khAmI chatAM satata udyoga ane khaMtathI pitAne prApta thaela mahAna padavInAM kartavya e karato. chatAM nAnI nAnI bAbatamAM paNa sabhyatA ane sadAcAra sAcavavAne tene Agraha hato. koI vilAsa vRttine pitAnI kalpanAmAM paNa e pesavA de nahi. svabhAva ke vicAramAM jarIka paNa bhUla thatI te khaMtathI tene e sudhArI leto. ane A badhuM eka zahenazAha karete ! paraMtu tenI kharI khubI te e che ke leka-premathI dorAI pitAnA uttama vicArene amalamAM mUkavA kAMI paNa dhamAMdhatA ke julama eNe kayo nathI. sAdhAraNa mANase paNa pitAnA vicAra manAvI saMsAra-sudhAro karavAnA khatI hoya che. ane A ke mANasa je rAjA hoya te kAyadAthI lekene aMkuzamAM melI sudhArAne nAme jarUra e julama karaze. paNa mArkasa oreliyasa AvI lAlacane vaza kadi thaye nahe. te kaheto ke pleTanuM prajAsattAka rAjya A duniyAmAM azakaya che. zayadAthI baLAtkAre karele sudhAre lokone kRtrima ane dAMbhika banAve che. mANasonA vicAra badalAya, te sudhAre enI meLe thAya; ane mANasanA vicAra badalAvavA keNa samartha che ? tethI karIne bane

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150 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, teTaluM kartavya karI parama saMtoSa mAne e ja ucita che. A uddeza taravAranA prANaghAtaka bele eNe ochA karyA; remanI rAjasabhAne te mAna Apati; ane jJAnane pracAra karavA ane nItine upadeza ApavA adhyApakenI eNe vyavasthA karI. pitAnA darabArane tamAma vilAsI kharca ocho karI pite daSTAMtarUpa thaye; paraMtu kAyadAnA baMdhanathI kRtrima sudhAre karavAno Agraha eNe bilakula rAkhyo nahote. ajJAnatAne lIdhe ja mANase pApamAM pravRtta thAya che, tethI temanA upara dayA rAkhI banI zake te temane sudhAravAM. Izvara paNa evAM mANasone nIbhAvI le che, te temanAthI kaMTALI janAra TUMkI jIMdagIvALe ane pApI tuM te keNa mAtra jANI joIne pApa kaI karatuM ja nathI; tethI pitAnA duzmane upara paNa prema rAkhatAM mANase zIkhavuM joIe. A a-ra tenA upara grIka upadeza kenI thaI hatI. chatAM mArkasa oreliyasa sadAcAra svarUpe remana ja hato. hibru sadAcAranI pAyAbhUta prabaLa dInatA tathA uMDI ane gahana dharmabhAvanA temAM nahotI, tema sadAcAranA seMdaryanI grIka rasajJatAnuM bhAna paNa temAM nahotuM. kudaratanA kAyadAne anurUpa jIvana jIvavuM e mANasanuM kartavya che evuM bhAna tenA sadAcArane siddhAMta hate. Izvara sarvanI saMbhALa rAkhe che eTalI ja tenI dharmabhAvanA hatI. AtmAnA amaratva bAbata paNa tene zaMkA hatI. nirUtsAhanI sAthe tenAmAM sadAcAra saMpUrNa hato e Azcaryajanaka vAta tenA saMbaMdhamAM sAcI hatI. jUThA ane anyAyI mANasanI vacamAM rahIne gusse thayA vinA satyavAdI ane nyAyI rahevAnuM parama kartavya eNe mAnyuM hatuM. paraMtu enA aMta samaye ghaNA kAra. ne lIdhe manamAM ene duHkha thayuM hatuM e vAta ItihAsathI jANItI che. Ama jamAnAne AdarzarUpa oreliyasanA jIvanamAM nItinA be pravAhanuM samIlana ApaNe joIe chIe. kevaLa vicArazIla ane sahadayakamaLa sadAcArone chuMdI nAkhavA e eMika mata ha; paNa jamAnAe pitAnA jIvanamAM temane avakAza ApavA mAMDe ha; chatAM sArvajanika pravRtti

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vidhamI mahArAjya. 151 zIla sadAcArane asta hajI sudhI thaye nahote. TUMkAmAM, Atma-bhAga ane zairyane hajI bahu mAna ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, paraMtu naramAza ane kamaLatA have AgaLa paDavAM lAgyAM hatAM. - A samayanA saMjogane lIdhe AcaraNane navI dIzA prApta thatI hatI e vAta kharI, paraMtu mane janasamaha e vakhate evo bhraSTa thaI gayo hatuM ke tene koI paNa jAtane upadeza sudhArI zake ema nahotuM. ane tenAM kAraNa zodhavA muzkela nathI. vRddhi pAmatA sudhArAnI sAthe majazekha ane vilAsa paNa remana lekemAM AvavA lAgyA, ane tethI karIne remanuM prAthamika sAduM jIvana ane tenA sadAcAra nAza pAmavA lAgyAM. paraMtu vilAsa-vRttinI sAthe AvavA joItA anya sadAcAra temanAmAM AvyA nahi. sudhAre vadhatAM rItabhAta vadhAre sabhya thAya che ane paropakAra buddhi sateja thAya che; buddhinI caMcaLatA anaaudyogika sAhasa vadhe che; rAjakIya lAbhanuM kSetra vistAra pAme che, ane "moTAIne khAsa sadAcAra" ochA thaI jAya che. te tene badale "samAnatA nA sadAcAra vRddhi pAme che. dareka parivartanamAM lAbha ane hAni bane hoya che; paNa romane A samaye lAbha vinA hAnija prApta thai. Ama thavAnAM traNa kAraNe cheH sArvabhoma rAjya paddhati, gulAmagIrInI saMsthA ana tavAranA prANaghAtaka bela-remana lekenA AcaraNa upara A traNenI kevI gaMbhIra asara thaI che te have TUMkAmAM ApaNe joIe. siddhAMtamAM remane zahenazAha prajAne pratinidhi hatAparaMtu dhIme dhImebadhI sattA eNe pitAnA hAthamAM karI lIdhI tethI rAja-sabhAnA maMtrIo rAjAnAM ramakaDAM thaI vartavA lAgyAM. gupta caro ane khAnagI jAsusenI saMkhyA vadhI paDI ane sabhAnI virUddha thatA kAI kAvatrAnI teo khabara rAkhatA ane cADI cugalI karatA. rAjadvArI purUSone ane tAlevana gRhasthane A varga pIDArUpa thavA lAgyoamIra varganI durdazA thatAM te garIba thaI gaye athavA mejazakhamAM ja temanI prabhunI pravRti rahevA lAgI. anAjathI ke ramatagamatothI garIba lekenuM sAMtvana thavA lAgyuM

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15ra yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. ane leke pitAne pavitra gaNe evA udezathI zahenazAhe pitAnI dhArmika pUjA karAvavA lAgyA A vahema ke jene aMza hAla paNa rAjAne apAtA upanAmamAM jaNAI Ave che te, kevaLa rAjakuzaLa purUSanuM sUcana mahetuM. divya purUSone lAMbA kALa sudhI prAcIna lekee zraddhApUrvaka mAna ApyuM che, ane ghaNIvAra zaheranA sthApanAranI pUjA thaelI che. rAjAne Izvara kahevAmAM. jo ke vadhAre saMskArI mananA mANasone mAtra artha rahita khuzAmata lAgatI, ane tema kahevAthI je ke tenI jIMdagI virUddha aneka kAvatrA thatAM aTakatAM nahi ke tenI pachavADe sakhata TIkA thatAM aTakatI nahi, tathApi kaI khAsa prakAre zahenazAha IzvaranA rakSaNamAM hoya che evI sAmAnya rIte lekenI mAnyatA hatI. oNgasTa mAsanA saMbaMdhamAM aneka camatkArika vAta kahevAmAM AvatI. devavANIe kahyuM hatuM ke je zaheramAM e ja hato. te zehera AkhI duniyA upara rAja kare evA purUSane janma ApavAne nirmita thayuM hatuM. enA pitAmahanA gharanI AsapAsa deDakAM karAMuM DarAMu. karatAM hatAM temane eNe Thapake Apo eTale te cUpa thaI gayAM. eka garUDa pakSI tenA hAthamAMthI roTalIne kaTake jhaDapI AkAzamAM uDI gayuM, ane pAchuM AvI te kaTake ene pI gayuM, ityAdi aneka kathAo kahevAmAM AvatI. dareka zahenazAhanI AvI vAte cAlatI ane zahenazAhanA mRtyu samaye pRthvI upara ane AkAzamAM utpAta thatA. ghaNA kharA zahenazAho te A devatAI mAna akarAma mAtra dekhAvanI khAtara ja kabula karatA, ane ekAda be zahenazAhe te cAritrya ane rasatAnI atyaMta sAdAI paNa batAvatA. elekjhAMDara serasa ane nyuliyana A sAdhAraNa khuzAmatanI bhASA svIkAranI nA pADatA. nIre pite paNa gAyaka ane naTa tarIke vijaya meLavavA prayAsa karo, ane tenI pulanI vRtti AvI caturAIthI ja saMtuSTa thatI. paraMtu keligyulA pitAnI divyatAne sAcI mAna, ane ghaNuM mUrtio upara jyupiTarane badale pitAnA mastakanI pratikRti mukAvo. taravAranA prANaghAtaka khelamAM eka vakhata gAjavIjanuM tephAna thatAM ramata aTakI paDI. tyAre A zahenazAha gusse thaI pitAnI jagAethI

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vidhamAM mahArAjya. 15 uDI kahevA lAgyo ke enA samayamAM be rAjAonuM rAjya sahana thaI zakaze. nahi. tethI kAM te e nahi ane kAM to jyupiTara nahi. pariNAma e AvyuM ke devanI mUrtionI mAphaka zahenazAhanI mUrtio . paNa pavitra gaNAvA lAgI ane te mUrtione jarI paNa apamAna ApavuM e moTo gune gaNuMvA lAgyo. tethI gulAma ane gunegAre hAthamAM zehenazAhanI mUrti rAkhI zeThane ke nyAyAdhIzane niHzaMka banI gALa detA ane aneka rIte lekene musIbata paDavA lAgI. gupta care zahenazAhanI mUrtine apamAna thayAnI cADI cUgalI karatA ane lokone herAna karatA. evuM kahevAya che ke zahenazAha DemiziyananI mUrti AgaLa eka strIe pitAnAM kapaDAM utAryA tethI tene matanI sajA karavAmAM AvI hatI. joke Ama kevaLa gulAma jevA banI gayA, ane zahenazAhe nirbhaya banI atyaMta jUlama karavA lAgyA. kamakamATI upajAve evI krUratA, duSTa anAcAra ane bhraSTameja vilAsamAM teo pravRtta thavA lAgyA; ane tenI ghaNI mAThI asara samAjamAM thavA lAgI. keTalAka zahenazAha bezaka ghaNuM sArA hatA; paNa rAjadarabAranI bhraSTatA, gupta dUtAnI yojanA, mejavilAsane apAtuM uttejana, anAjanI maphata deNagI ane aneka ramatagamatane lIdhe mane sAde paNa bhavya prAcIna sadAcAra kadi pAchA astitvamAM Avyo ja nahi. svataMtratAthI dharmane ghaNIvAra hAni thAya che, paNa nItine te ghaNuM karIne tethI lAbha ja thAya che; kAraNa ke uta AmAM mANasa mazagula rahevAthI durAcAra karatAM te aTake che. paraMtu romanA sArvabhauma rAjyanA kALamAM svataMtratAne avakAzaja nahoto, ane tethI samAjanI nItine AdhAra zahenazAhanI vartabuka uparaja rahetA. gulAmagIrInI saMsthAnAM pariNAma to kadAca tethI paNa vadhAre gaMbhIra AvyAM hatAM. zeThanA julamI ane vikrALa svabhAvane tethI uttejana maLatuM e te spaSTa vAta che; uparAMta, tene lIdhe saghaLI mahenata kalaMkita gaNavA lAgI, ane svataMtra garIba vargane halakI pAyarIe ANuM temane vadhAre garIba eNe karyA. arvAcIna samAjemAM vagavALo ane moTo madhya-vage

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154 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa baMdhAI gaele hovAthI, ane te varga audyogika jIvananI ThAvakI ane niyamita TevamAM keLavAela hovAthI, te vargamAM prajAnI nIti khAsa karIne jaLavAI rahe che, tethI jyAM e varga astitvamAM hoya che tyAM upalA vargane durAcArathI nukasAna te thAya che, paNa te durAcAra AkhA samAja vighAtaka nathI thatuM. paraMtu remane samAja nasenase saDI gaye hato kAraNa ke mehenata majurI ane kArIgarInA lagabhaga badhA dhaMdhA gulAmonA hAthamAM hovAthI koI AbarUdAra dhaMdhe romanA garIba varga mATe rahyA che nahi ane vepAra upara remana lekene tiraskAra hatA. tethI teo nATakanA khela, taravAranA prANaghAtaka khela, joza ane dAMbhika dharmanA dhatIMga jevA halakA dhaMdhA karavA lAgyA. svataMtra varganuM tethI mAMDa mAMDa ane prasaMgopAta piSaNa thatuM, ane tethI amIra varganA AzritonI saMkhyA paNa bahu vadhI paDI. A Azrita tAlevaMtanI khuzAmata karI temanA durAcArane uttejatA. uparAMta lAyakI geralAyakI joyA vinA garIbone maphata anAja ane vakhate paisA paNa rAjya ApatuM; tethI leke kevaLa ALasu banI gayA. ane vagara paise maLatI sArvajanika ramatagamatane lIdhe lekene mahenata karI pitAnuM gUjarAna calAvavAnuM mana paNa thatuM nahi. AvA saMjogomAM vastI tvarAthI ghaTavA lAgI. utpAdaka airSika sAhase iTAlimAM lagabhaga nAza pAmyA, ane durAcArI kuMvArI jIMdagI lekemAM sAdhAraNa thaI paDI. jAhera jIMdagInA jokhamane lIdhe amIra varga tethI alaga rahevA lAgeane svaccheda vilAsamAM pravRtta thavA lAgyo pitAnI svataMtratA gumAvyA pachI grIsamAM bhraSTatA vadhI gaI hatI. eziyA mAInera ane misaranA mukhya mukhya zaheromAM paNa durAcAra vadhI paDyo hate. ane vikAsanI vRttine uzkeravAmAM catura ane rUpavAna gulAme grIsamAMthI ane pUrvanA dezomAMthI saMkhyAbaMdha AvavA lAgyA, ane amIra vaga temane pitAne tyAM rAkho. tethI lagna karavAnI lekene marajI thatI nahi ane kuMvArA rahI chadagI durAcAramAM gALavAne pracAra vadhI paDe. khuda gulAmamAM paNa anAcAra vadhI paDyo hato. IlI dezanI kudaratI ramaNI

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vidharmI mahArAjya. . 155 - yatA, jAhera himAmakhAnA, sArvajanika ramata, ityAdi kAraNone lIdhe garIba leke bahAra bhaTakyA karatA. sAmAnya rIte lekane ALasa, ramata gamata ane peTa pUratuM khAvAnuM mAtra joItuM hatuM. tavaMgara lekamAM garbhapAtanI rasama cAlu thaI; ane bALa hatyA ane chokarAne rajhaLatAM mUkavAne cAla vadhI paDyo. tethI vastI ghaNI ghaTI gaI. A saghaLAnuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke romana lekamAM svadezAbhimAnanuM nAma paNa na rahyuM, ane sArvajanika jusso ane nIti nAza pAmyAM. prajAnuM cAritrya utarI gayuM te utarI ja. gayuM; kadi pAchuM ThekANe AvyuM nahi. rAmana lekee ja rema luTayAnI sAkSI itihAsa pUre che. ane temanI A adhamatA kAyama rahI. arvAcIna samayanA remana leke paNa mAtra peTa pUratuM khAvAnuM ane ramatagamata mAge che, sivAya bIjI koI abhilASA temane hAla paNa hotI nathI. vaLI remanuM rAjya sArvabhauma ane niSThaTaka hovAthI bIjuM kaI svataMtra rAjya paNa rahyuM nahi ke jenA daSTAMtathI rema pAchuM nItimAM TaTTAra thaI jAya. hAlanA samayamAM svataMtra rAjya joDAjoDa hovAthI yuropamAM svadezAbhimAna ane svataMtratA eka prajAmAM naSTa thAya te bIjImAM rahe che. paraMtu paraspara thatI A asarano lAbha paNa romane maLI zakyo nahi. vaLI khetI ane sIpAIgIrInA dhaMdhA prathamathI ja remana lekamAM AbarUdAra gaNAtA hatA. khetIne lIdhe leke mehenatu, sadAcArI ane sAdA rahe che, ane eka jAtanI dharmabhAvanA temanAmAM Ave che. tethI prAMtanA kheDUtone uMcI sthitie lAvavA vespeziyane ghaNuM sudhArA karyA hatA. dUranA prAtamAM rAjyanI paddhati sArI hatI ema jaNAya che. zahenazAhanI dekha-- rekhathI prAMtanA hAkeme lUMTaNaA thatA maTI gayA hatA. tethI te prAMtamAM khetIvADI AbAda sthitimAM hatI. paNa khuda ITAlImAM lokonI raheNIkaraNa ane rItabhAtathI khetIne paNa asta thaI gayo. kheDUto deNadAra thaI gayA, ane deNumAMthI nIkaLavAnI zakti temanAmAM rahI nahi. gulAmene lIdhe tAlevaMtane khetI karavAnuM sugama paDatuM ane tethI ITalInI ghaNIkharI kheDavAI jamIna temanA hAthamAM gaI. Ama kheDUtanI jamIna te gaI, paNa gulAma

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156 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. joIe teTalA maLatA hovAthI te kheDUtane koI sAthI paNa rAkhatuM nahi. bIjI taraphathI rAjadhAnImAM anAja maphata maLatuM hovAthI te tyAM jato. vaLI anAjanI A moTI deNagIne lIdhe rAjakartAo dUra dezo pAsethI khaMDaNIne badale anAja letA; ane mukhyatve karIne sisilI ane AdikAthI anAjane mATe ja Avato. tethI iTAlImAM dhAnyanI nIpaja lagabhaga baMdha thaI gaI. tethI kheDUtavarga nAza pAme ane jamIna paDatara rahevA lAgI, athavA gaucaramAM jatI, athavA gulAmo te kheDatA. ITAlinI naitika sthiti upara A badhAnI bahu gaMbhIra asara thaI. je roma prathama anya dezone anAja pUruM pADatuM te ja mane have anAjane. mATe anya deza upara AdhAra rAkhavo paData. TesiTasa kahe che tema, IdagInI khAsa jarUrI vastu mATe romano AdhAra pavana ane pANI uparaja raheta; ane paradezathI AvatAM anAjanAM vahANa DUbI jAya, athavA je dezamAMthI anAja AvatuM te deza je rAjyathI svataMtra thAya, te remanI kevI lAcAra dazA thaI jAya e vicArathI rAjadvArI purU pI jatA. chatAM gulAma rAkhavAno rivAja ane maphata anAja devAnI rasamane lIdhe iTAlInI khetIne sajIvana karavAnA dareka prayatna niSphaLa gayA. gulAmagIrInI saMsthAnAM mULa eTalAM uDAM hatAM ke tene nAbuda karavI azakya hatI ane anAjanI deNagI baMdha karavAnI hiMmata ke zahenazAhanI cAlatI nahi. keTalAka kuzaLa zahenazAhane A bhayanuM bhAna hatuM, paNa romanI khetIne uttejIta karavAnA temanA badhA prayAsa vyartha gayA; ane khetIne nAza karanArAM Arthika ane naitika kAraNo prabaLa thayAM. ane mahArAjyanA pAchalA samayamAM khetIne asta thayo ane tenI sAthe rahetA sadAcAre paNa tenA astanI sAthe taNAI gayA. mane sainika jIvanane paNa dhIme dhIme asta thai gayA. rAmanA lazkaramAM bharatI prathama upalA vargamAMthIja karavAmAM AvatI; ane laDAInA samaye ja temanI pAsethI nokarI levAtI, jethI temane kAMI ApavuM paDatuM nahi. paraMtu prajAsattAka rAjyanA asta pahelAM sipAIone pagAra ApavAne

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vidhamI mahArAjya. 157 rIvAja cAlu thayo ane pachI bhADutI sipAIonI bharatI lazkaramAM thavA lAgI. rAjyane vistAra vadhatAM lazkarane dUranA prAMtamAM rahevuM paDatuM. tethI lazkarI sakhtAI ane baMdobasta dhIme dhIme ochAM thaI gayAM; ane sipAIomAM mejazekha vadhavA lAge. sipAIo tophAnI banI vakhate zehanazAhanuM paNa khUna karatA; tethI zahenazAhe temane lAMca ApI potAnI salAmatI zedhavA lAgyA. lazkaranuM jora vadhI paDatAM zahenazAhanI pasaMdagI paNa lazkara karavA lAgyuM. ane pachI romana hoya te ja zahenazAha thaI zake e niyama paNa rahyo nahi. lAMbA vakhata sudhI remathI dUra rahevAne lIdhe ane meja zekha vadhI paDavAthI sipAIomAMthI dezAbhimAna jatuM rahyuM; ane zahenazAhane nahi, paNa pitAnA saradArane sipAIo vaphAdAra rahevA lAgyA. nirbaLa zahenazAhanA vakhatamAM pitAnA saradArane baLA karavA teo uzkeratA. ane aMte AkhA rAjyamAM lazkarI geravyavasthA prasarI rahI. AnA upAyamAM zahenazAha pite lazkaranuM adhipatipaNuM pitAnA hAthamAM rAkhatA, paNa tethI lazkaranI sthiti sudharI nahi; kAraNa ke leka-priya thavAnI lAlace sipAIonA susta vartanane zahenazAha ghaNuM karIne uttejana ApatA, ane tethI sainika jIvananAM kaSTo ane saMkaTa sahana karavAnI zakti ane vRtti sipAIomAM rahI nahi. pariNAma e AvyuM ke lazkaramAM videzIo dAkhala thavA lAgyA ane tenAM rAjakIya ane lazkarI pariNAma bahu burAM AvyAM. te vakhate dArU goLAnI zodha thaI nahotI. arvAcIna samayamAM sudharelI prajA topakhAnuM pitAnA hAthamAM rAkhI bIjI prajA upara sarasAI bhogavI zake che. paNa te lAbha rAmana lekane maLI zake ema na hovAthI ITAlInA leke laDAyaka dhaMdhAnA kevaLa bInaanubhavI thaI gayA; ane je videzI sipAIo aMte remanuM rAjya uthApavAne samartha thayA te sipAIo laDAIne hunnara remana saradAre pAsethIja zIkhyA. uparAMta remane nItinuM nukasAna paNa thayuM, kAraNa ke laDAInA zekhanA astanI sAthe temAM rahelA sadAcAre paNa asta pAmyA.

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158 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. A pramANe temane tAta varga vilAsane lIdhe bhraSTa ane patita thaI gayo; ane garIba varga susta ane nirUdyamI banI rahyo. paNa bane varga taravAranA prANaghAtaka belenI jaMgalI kUratAmAM AnaMda ane gamata mAnatA e vAtathI ApaNuM haiyuM phATI jAya che. A khelane banAva remanA nItinA ItihAsamAM ghaNe vismayakAraka ane khedanIya che. tathApi te vAta nItinA svAbhAvika vikAsakrama pramANe samajI zakAya evI che. ke moTA mANasanI kabara upara marelAnI zAMti artha mANasone arasaparasa laDAvI temanuM lehI tyAM reDavuM e prathama dhArmika kriyA gaNAtI hatI. pachI enuM kAraNa apAtuM ke laDAImAM gayA pUrve sipAIone himatathI maratAM zIkhavavA mATe evI ramatanI jarUra che. sivAya lekene bIjA lAbha paNa tethI thatA. zahezAhane arajIo ApavAne ane amaladAre viruddha phariyAda karavAne lekone tethI prasaMga maLata. evuM kahevAya che ke I. sa. pUrve 264 mAM e ramata ramamAM prathama dAkhala thaI hatI. paNa prajAsattAka rAjyanA aMta samayamAM pachI e ramata sAdhAraNathaI paDI hatI ane amarenI mIjamAnImAM paNa e ramata ramAvA lAgI hatI. vakhata jatAM e ramata kapriya thavAnuM eka sAdhana gaNAvA lAgI; ane sIjhara ane pampInI harIphAIne lIdhe e ramatane pracAra bahu vadhI paDe. pimpIe mANasa ane janAvaranI sAThamArI zarU karI. sIjhare e ramatane mATe khAsa nATakazALA baMdhAvI ane temAM rezamI caMdara baMdhAvyuM. moTAM mANase pitAnAM muelAM sagAMnA mAnamAM, amaladArone amaladArI maLatAM, vijetAo lokapriya thavA, ane tAlevaMta vepArIo moTA, gaNavA, e ramata moTA pAyA upara karAvatA; arthAta dareka khuzAlInA prasage e ramata ramAvA lAgI. prathama to emAM gulAme ane gunegAra ja bhAga letA, paraMtu pAchaLathI temAM badhA bhAga levA lAgyA. paisAno lebha, lekenI zAbAsI, amarenI ane vakhate zahenazAhanI paNa tethI karIne thatI meherabAnI, ityAdi kAraNene lIdhe te ramatamAM samAeluM metanuM jokhama paNa tuccha gaNAvA lAgyuM. ane khelADI ane prekSaka varga

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A vidhamI mahArAjya. 15 bane chaMdagInI beparavAI batAvavA lAgyA. chevaTe e ramata eka dhaMdhArUpa thaI paDI; ane khelADInA ToLeToLAM AkhA iTAlImAM pharavA lAgyAM. chekarae paNa e ramata ramatA ane dhArmika pavitra sAdhvIone paNa e ramatanA sthaLe mAnavaMtI beThake maLavA lAgI. - prAMtomAM paNa e ramatane e ja zekha vadhI paDyo; ane tene mATe nATakazALAo baMdhAI hatI. TAIbiriyasanA rAjyamAM eka vakhata evI eka nATakazALA paDI javAthI vIza hajAra mANase marI gayAM hatAM; egrIpAe eka vakhata e ramatamAM caidase mANasane utAryA hatAM. mAtra grIsa ja A ghelAmAMthI mukta rahyuM hatuM. AnuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke leke zAMta ane sudhArelI ramata gamatane mATe lAyaka rahyA nahi. A ramatanI barAbarI keTalIka kevaLa bibhatsa ramate ja mAtra karI zakatI. remana leke have evA thaI gayA ke kalpanAne atyaMta uzkere evA prasaMgo vinA te rAjI thatA nahi. tethI bhraSTa kArasa ane hAsya-rasa prAdhAna nATake vadhI paDayAM; ane karUNarasapradhAna nATaka ke jethI vRttio ucca, unnata ane rasika thAya che temane asta thayo. dayAnI lAgaNuM ApaNAmAM svabhAva siddha hoya che ane jevI manubo pratye e upaje che tevI ja prANIo pratye paNa te upaje che. paraMtu paricitatAne lIdhe temAM bahu phera paDI jAya che. hiMduone evIchI mAratAM paNa jIva cAlatuM nathI. mAMsAhArI prajAne janAvara mAratAM kamakamATI upajatI nathI. Ama paricitatAne lIdhe mANasa mAravuM e vAtane romanale ke eka jaMgalI jAnavara mAravA jevuM gaNatA hatA. TevAI javAthI ghAtakI vartaNakamAM mANasane ghAtakIpaNuM lAgatuM nathI. remanA A jaMgalIpaNuM upara atyAre ApaNane tiraskAra upaje che. paraMtu sArAmAM. sArA mANaso upara paNa samayanI asara thayA vinA rahetI nathI, ane taravAranA A khela remanA rAjyamAM sarvatra nirdoSa gaNatA hatA, e vAta

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160 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa visarI javI gya nathI. chatAM eka AkhI prajA manuSya jIMdagI pratye kevaLa bedarakArI batAve e eka moTuM naitika saMkaTa samajavuM. ' paraMtu A belethI upajatI naitika durdazAne A saMkaTe cheDo nahote. kaI paNa jAtanA svArtha vinA kevaLa bIjAnA duHkhathI AnaMdanI tIvra lAgaNI anubhave evAM paNa je mANase thatAM hoya te bezaka te bahu ja thoDAM ane kvacita ja hoya che. tathApi chokarAonI vRttionuM bArIka avalokana karatAM ane amuka ramata gamatamAM meTAnI vRttio tapAsatAM jaNAya che ke mANasanA svabhAvamAM kAMIka evuM tatva raheluM che ke je nAnI nAnI bAbatamAM bIjAnA thoDA thoDA dukhathI rAjI thAya che. taravAranA ' prANaghAtaka khelothI A tatva khIlI nIkaLI bahAra AvyuM. zehenazAha karloDiyasane mATe ema kahevAya che ke te belemAM marI jatA mANasenA caherAne nirIkSaNa karavAmAM AnaMda mAnate, kAraNa ke bhinna bhinna prakAranI temanI vedanAnA nirIkSaNathI AnaMda meLavavAnI kaLA e zIkhyo hate. uparAMta navInatAnI khAtara te ramatonA jaMgalIpaNAmAM kaMI kaMI jAtanI baMdhAI ane sItama umerAvA lAgyAM. nIranA samayamAM cArase vAghane sAMDha ane hAthIo sAthe vaDhADavAmAM AvyA hatA. eka vakhate eka divasamAM pAMca hajAra jAnavare ema muA hatAM. drAjananA samayamAM te ramata ekane trevIsa divasa cAlu rahI hatI. siMha, vAgha, hAthI, geMDA, grAha, jarakha, sAbara, magara ane sane paNa medAnamAM utAravAmAM AvatAM hatAM. mANasanI saMkhyA te asaMkhya hatI. DAmaranA khamIza paherAvI khristiIone bALI mUkI nIree pitAnA bagIcAmAM rezanI karAvI hatI. eka vakhata vAmanarUpa mANasane ema laDI maravAnI pharaja pADavAmAM AvI hatI. ekAda be vakhata strIo paNa e ramatamAM utarI hatI. TUMkAmAM hasAhasa upajAve evA kaI paNa prakAranuM vismaraNa thatuM nahi. keTalAka zahenazAhane te khANa vakhate jaMgalI jAnavara pAse mANasone carAvI nAkhyA vinA khAdheluM pacatuM nahi. ' ,

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161 vidharmI mahArAjya AvI adhama dizAe remanA leke pahoMcyA hatA. ane je khristi dharma e ramatane aMta ANavA samartha tha naheta te duniyAnI nIti saMbaMdhI vale zI thAta e kahevuM atyAre nirarthaka che. paraMtu te samaye jANe ke mohanamaMtrathI vaza thaI gayA hoya tema lekane ramato mohinIrUpa thaI paDI hatI; ane kalpanAne AkarSa ane uzkere evAM to paNa temAM ghaNAM hatAM. uparAMta hiMmata ane zairyane pUra pATha bhajavAte leke najare jotA ane vijetA atyaMta AbarU ane mAna pAmata. remanI kulIna strIo ane vakhate zahenazAha bAnuM paNa tenA upara Azaka thatI. tethI kaI purUSane te khelamAM utaravAnI je nA pADavAmAM AvatI, te te bahu dilagIra ca. amIra varga paNa temAM utaratA. vaLI khelamAM utayAM pahelAM sakhata Idriyanigraha khelADIone pALa Avazyaka hovAthI vidhAtAnI gahana gatine lIdhe remamAM sadAcArI purUSo A khelADIo ja rahetA. - pitAnI naitika lAgaNIone AzvAsana ApavA remana leke bahAnAM batAvavA paNa cUkyA nathI. teo kahetA ke dhArmika kriyAmAM naramegha thato tenA karatAM A ramata sArI. vaLI khAsa karIne te dhaMdho karanArA, gulAma gunegAra ke laDAImAM pakaDAelA kedIoja khelamAM utaratAM ane AmAMthI keinA motane mATe dilagIra thavAnuM kAraNa nahotuM. te samayanA nItivettAe paNa ema mAnatA ke te ramata jAte kharAba nathI, paNa tenA upara kAMIka aMkuza melavAnI jarUra che. mRtyunA khelathI mANasano svabhAva ja bhraSTa thaI jAya che e vAta chUTI chavAI ke koI vyaktio ja samajatI. senika ane skUTArka e ramatanI kevaLa virUddha hatA. mArkasa oreliyasa khelADIone buTTI taravArathI ramavAnI pharaja pADato. paraMtu te samayanA mahAna itihAsavettAone paNa temAM naitika bhraSTatA lAgI nathI. remanA lokone mANaso komaLa ane dayALu joitAM nahotAM, paNa temane zuravIra ane hiMmata vAna banAvavAM hatAM, tethI A ramatane teo vakhANatA. ane je zahenazAha A ramatane khUba cAhate te bahu lokapriya yate.

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16ra yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. A ramata kara ane jaMgalI hatI emAM te kAMI zaka nathI. paraMtu teTalA uparathI romana leke badhI bAbatamAM krUra ane nirdaya hatA ema mAnavuM bhUla bhareluM che. nItinuM dhoraNa samayane anusarIne sApekSa ja hoya che. eka jIvaDAne mArate jaina taravAranA khelamAM AnaMda mAnatA remana karatAM vadhAre nirdaya che. ApaNuM AvA sudharelA jamAnAmAM paNa manuSyanA svabhAvanI kaI kaMI vilakSaNatA dRSTigocara thAya che. keTalAMka mANase amuka varga pratye bahu mAyALu hoya che, paNa bIjA badhA pratye bahu bedarakAra rahe che. keTalAMka mANaso rIvAjane anusarI keAI ghAtakI kAmamAM anumodana Apaze, paNa rUDhI virUddha je te kAma haze te te kadi paNa e karI zakaze nahi. rUDhI rAkSasa bahu jabare che. dIkarInAM nANuM thAya, paNa tene tyAM roTale khavAya nahi. ApaNI lAgaNIo svabhAve evI turaMgI hoya che ke eka vAta uparathI dekhItuM anumAna bAMdhI dIdhA pUrve kharI hakIkatathI te anumAnane sudhAravAnI bahu jarUra rahe che. yupanI mAMsAhArI prajA mUMgA prANIo pratye krUra hoya che, paNa manuSya pratye krUra hotI nathI. turka leke ghaNA ra hoya che, paNa prANIo pratye mAyALuM hoya che. ema kahevAya che ke IjIptamAM vRddha bIlADIo mATe ispItAla( pAMjarA poLa) hoya che, paraMtu manuSya jIdagIne mATe darakAra nathI. koLIAnI jALamAM mAkhIone mUkI temanAM taraphaDIA ane motathI spine jhA gamata karatA, chatAM te atyaMta komaLa, dayALu ane bhale mANasa hate. kIrtilabhanI khAtara koI moTe saradAra lAkho jAnanI khuvArI kare che, paNa khAnagI vartanamAM narama ane kemaLa hoya che. manuSyasvabhAvanI A vilakSaNatA remana lekamAM paNa dazya thAya che. medAnanI retInAM kaNekaNa lehIthI kharaDAelAM jovAmAM je mANaso AnaMda mAnatAM, te ja mANase manuSyanA sArvatrika bhrAtRbhAvanI vAta sAMbhaLI khuzInA pikAra karI dizAo gajAvI mUkatA. eka amIre pitAnA dIkarAne cAbuko e mAra mAryo ke te marI gayo; paNa leke tethI evA te gusse thaI gayA che te amIrane teoe lagabhaga vIkhI nAkhe. khuda taravAranA

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vidhamI mahArAjya. . 16 khelamAM paNa lekenI lAgaNI sAva buThThI thaI gaI nahotI. mRtyunuM avalekana karavAne keligyulA khuba khaMtIle have e vAta lekene rUcikare nahotI. cAre pAsa manuSyanuM lehI pANInI mAphaka vahetuM hatuM; paNa te ja samaye e kAyado paNa thayuM hatuM ke dera upara ramatA naTe nIce jALI rAkhyA vinA ramavuM nahi. Ama dayAnuM dhoraNa ke nIcuM hatuM, tathApi dayAnI bhAvanA taddana nirmaLa thaI gaI hatI. alabatta, te turaMgI ane vicitra te hatI. vAMcanArane have vidita thayuM haze ke romamAM nIti-zAstravettAo ane janasamUha vacce vizALa aMtara hatuM. eka taraphathI siddhAMtIo bhavya nItine upadeza karatA hatA; bIjI taraphathI leke bhraSTa ane lagabhaga jaMgalI banI gayA hatA. siddhAMtamAM nItine vikAsa thayo hato, paNa vartanamAM te saMkocAI gayo hato. tethI karIne janasamUha upara potAnA siddhAMtanI asara kema thAya? e savAlanuM nirAkaraNa te samaye tattvavettAone karavAnuM hatuM. mAtra sadAcArane artha kahevAthI ane tenI suMdaratAnA vakhANuthI leke saddavartanamAM pravRtta thaI jatAM nathI. rAmanA sTaIka tatvavettAo A savAlanuM nirAkaraNa karI zakayA nahi; chatAM temanAthI banyuM teTaluM temaNe karyuM che, ane remanA bhraSTa samAjamAM paNa temanA upadezanI asara thaI che. prathama, remamAM keTalAka zahenazAha bahu sArA thayA te Ika matanA pratApe. A zahenazAhanA vakhatamAM leke sukhI thatA ane nItine protsAhana maLatuM ane temAMthI kAMIka kAyama paNa TakatuM. vaLI DAhyA mANase sArvajanika pravRttimAM bhAga levo ja joIe e eka matano Agraha hovAthI svadezAbhimAnane sajIvana karyA vinA eMIka mata AbAda thai zake nahi. tethI remanA bhraSTa samayamAM paNa sTaIka matane anuyAyI daDha ane hiMmatavAna ja rahe che. tethI karIne bhraSTa zahenazAhanA rAjyamAM paNa ema lAgatuM ke hajI badhuM jatuM rahyuM nathI-svataMtratA ane sadAcAranAM bIja cheka naSTa nathI thaI gayo. '

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164 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa | sTaIka matanI trIjI asara remanA dhArAzAstra upara thaI che. bhinna bhinna prajAo upara rAjya calAvavAnI pitAnI zakti mATe rema magarUra hatuM ane A bAbatamAM grIsa karatAM jema bezaka caDe che. jemanA kAyadA atyAre paNa pakAya che. kAyadAne mATe remanalone mAna prathamathI ja hatuM. paraMtu tenA prajAsattAka rAjyanA kAyadA, saMkucita, sthAnika, sainika ane dhArmika hatA ane sArvabhauma rAjyanA rAjakIya ane mAnasika vikAsanA samayane mATe ayogya nIvaDyA. tethI AgasTasanA samayamAM kAyadAnuM navuM baMdhAraNa zarU thayuM ane chevaTe thisiyasa ane jasTiniyananA kAyadA-saMgraha bahAra AvyA. A baMdhAraNamAM be mukhya bhAga che, kAyadA ane inasApha (equity)nAM sUtro. amuka amuka bAbatene mATe khAsa spaSTa kAyadA thaI zake che, paraMtu keTalIka bAbate kAyadAmAM AvI zakatI nathI tyAM, agara kAyadAne artha jyAM spaSTa heta nathI tyAM, nyAyAdhIzane inasApha Apavo paDe che. tethI kAyadAno udeza phaLIbhUta kare evAM keTalAMka sAmAnya sUtro nyAyAdhIzane taiyAra ApavAM joIe. A sUtro eMIka matavALAoe ja ApyAM che. nAta, jAta, ke dharmane taphAvata rAkhyA vinA sArvatrika bhrAtRbhAvathI vartavuM e sTeIka matane siddhAMta hata; ane te kudaratane kAyade che ema te mata kahe che. tethI kudaratanA kAyadA pramANe saghaLAM mANase svataMtra ane sarakhA che. kudaratathI keI kAIne gulAma nathI, ane kaI kaIne zeTha nathI. tethI gulAmagIrI kudaratanA kAyadAthI virUddha che; chatAM e sthAnika kAyado che, dezano rivAja che, tethI jyAM koI mANasa gulAma che evI khAtrI na thAya tyAM tene svataMtra gaNa e InasAphanuM eka sUtra gaNAvA lAgyuM. arthAta anubhavathI derAI mANase game tevA kAyadA sArA yA narasA bAMdhe, paraMtu tethI AgaLa kudaratanA kAyadAnuM astitva che e uttama vicAranI spaSTatA mATe duniyAe remanA dhArAzAstrIo ane sTeIka matavALAne ja upakAra mAnavAne che. A paropakArI ane dayALu sUtronA pariNAme ghaNuM vyavahAra pagI kAyadA astitvamAM AvyA. rAjakIya sRSTimAM, remanA zaherI thavAne haka

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vidhamI mahArAjya. dhIme dhIme badhA prAtine ApavAmAM Avyo hata; ane kuTuMbamAM pitAnI sattA che ke naSTa te na thaI, paNa ochI ghaNI thaI gaI. prAcIna kAyadA pramANe pitAnI AjJAne kuTuMbanA dareka mANase muMge meM tAbe ja thavuM paDatuM. strInI padavImAM je pheraphAra thaye te ApaNe pachI zuM. paraMtu pitAnI sattA putra upara saMpUrNa hatI; te dhAre te putrane mArI paNa nAkhe ane temAM keIthI vacce paDAya ke bolAya paNa nahi. putra pacAsa varasano hoya, amaladAra ke hAkema hoya, ke game te mATe hoya, paNa pitAnI pAse te bALaka ja gaNAto ane pitAne gulAma gaNAta. AvA kAyadAthI kuTuM. bamAM kalaha vadhe te te svAbhAvika che. ane vAstavika rIte kAyadAmAM kahI hatI tevI pitA pratye putranI bhakti rAmanA ItihAsamAM theDI ja jovAmAM Ave che. paraMtu sudhAre vadhatAM, kartavya ane javAbadArI arasaparasa hoya che e vAtano svIkAra thavA lAgyo. tethI ramanA sArvabhauma rAjyamAM pitAnI sattA ghaNI ochI thaI gaI, ane putranA jAnamAlanuM rakSaNa thavA lAgyuM. gulAmagIrInI bAbatamAM paNa sudhArAnA kAyadA thayA hatA. rAmanA jIvanamAM A tattva ghaNuM agatyanuM thaI paDyuM hatuM. enAthI lekamAM samabhAvanI lAgaNIo vistRta thaI hatI, paNa svataMtra varga nItimAM ghaNe bhraSTa thaI gayo hato. gulAmanA itihAsa tarapha jatAM temanI traNa avasthA ApaNane samajAya che. prajAsattAka rAjyanA prAthamika ane sAdI samayamAM kuTuMbano vaDe gulAmo upara svataMtra ane niraMkuza sattA bhogavate hatA. paNa te vakhate gulAmanI saMkhyA bahu thaDI hatI. dareka kuTuMbamAM mAtra ekAda be ja gulAma hatA ane te khetImAM madada karatA. zeTha ane gulAma khetaramAM sAthe kAma karatA ane sAthe khAtA. gUjarAta kAThiyAvADamAM kaNabIonA sAthIo jevI temanI hAlata lagabhaga hatI. A avasthAmAM gulAmane trAsa thato nahi. keTalAka dhArmika tahevAronI temane chUTI maLatI ane te vakhate zeTha ane gulAma eka ja jAtane khorAka bhegA besIne jamatA. chatAM kaI vakhata temanA para julama paNa thato haze; kAraNa ke dravya

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166 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa meLavavAnA sAdhanarUpa gulAma gaNutA ane gharaDA ane nirmaLa gulAmane leke vecI detA. bIjI avasthAmAM gulAmanI sthiti bahu bagaDI gaI hatI. cAre tarapha romane vijaya thavAthI asaMkhya gulAme romamAM AvavA lAgyA, ane moja zekha ane vilAsa vadhI gaye. remanuM sAduM jIvana have jatuM rahyuM hatuM ane dharmanI dhAstI paNa maTI gaI hatI. vaLI taravAranA prANaghAtaka khela zarU thayA hatA ane tethI bIjAnA duHkhanI lAgaNI lekAmAM rahI nahi. adhurAmAM pUruM sisilImAM gulAmoe baLavo karyo ane hajAre gulAmane rasI nAkhavAmAM AvyA ane temanA upara jUlema thavA lAgyo. mehemAnanI gamatane mATe gulAmane mArI nAMkhavAmAM AvatuM. pilio nAmane romana gulAmanuM mAMsa pitAnAM mAchalAne khavarAvate. remanI strIo temanA mAMsala bhAgamAM lAMbI TAMkaNIo ghecI gamata meLavatI. gulAmenAM lagna kAyadAsara gaNutAM nahi. tethI durAcAra paNa temanAmAM vadhI paDo. bIjI taraphathI jotAM temane sArI rIte rAkhyAnA paNa dAkhalA maLI Ave che. gulAmanAM lagna che ke kAyadA pUrvaka gaNAtAM nahi, tathApi lagnane rIvAja temanAmAM hatuM. vaLI temanI khAnagI milakta temanI pAse rahevA devAmAM AvatI. vaLI udyoga ane sArI vartaNUkavALe gulAma chavarSamAM ghaNuM karI chUTa thaI jatA. vaLI gulAme upara je julama karato tene leke dhikAratA ane tenuM apamAna karatA. keTalAka gulAma vaidya hatA ane premathI pitAnA zeThanI maMdavADamAM mAvajata karatA. keTalAka gulAma zeThanA chokarAne bhaNuvatA. ghaNuMkharA gulAma kArIgara hatA. zeThanA kuTuMbamAM teo bhaLI jatA; ane zeTha ane gulAma vacce maitrI jAmyAnA dAkhalA paNa maLI Ave che. epikaTeTasa pite gulAma maTI zahenazAhane mitra thayo hato. vaLI temanI saMkhyA vadhI paDavAthI temane mAthe paDate bojo vaheMcAI gayo hA joIe. gulAmanI sAkSI letAM je ke ene rIbAvavAmAM Ave che, paNa evA banAva kavacita banatA; ane ghaNI vakhata pitAnA zeThane teo nimakahalAla rahetA; ane bhayamAMthI temane bacAvI letA. keTalIka vakhate te

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vidhamI mahArAjya 167 pitAnA bhege zeThanI jIdagI teo bacAvatA. tethI karIne kahevAya che te julama temanA para thato hoya e vAta saMbhavita lAgatI nathI; tema, temanI sthiti eTalI badhI bhraSTa paNa nahi hoya. vaLI baghA tatvo gulAma upara dayA rAkhavAne upadeza ApatA. sTaIka matavALA paNa evo ja upadeza ApatA. mANasa svataMtra mAtra sadAcArathI ja banI zake che. senikA kahete ke vAstavika rIte sadAcArI gulAma zeDa che ane durAcArI che. gulAma che. mATe sArA mANase gulAma pratye kharAba vartaNuka rAkhatAM bahu vicAra kare ghaTe che. AvA AvA upadezathI gulAma pratye dayAnI lAgaNI rahevA lAgI hatI. che tethI karIne kAyadA thavA lAgyA ane gulAmanI sthiti sudharavA lAgI. A temanI trIjI avasthA. nyAyAdhIze sajA karI hoya to ja te gulAmane jaMgalI prANIo sAthe laDAimAM utArave, nahi te nahi; e kAyade thayo. vRddha ke mAMdA gulAmane zeTha rakhaData mUkI de ane te sAje thAya to te svataMtra thatA. zeThanI sAme gulAmenI phariyAda sAMbhaLavA nIranA samayamAM eka nyAyAdhIza khAsa nImANe hato; ane zeTha gunegAra mAlama paDe te zeThane sajA karavAnI tene sUcanA hatI. prasaMge prasaMge gulAmanA rakSaNa mATe kAyadA thatA gayA ane gulAmanI sthiti Ama sudharavA lAgI hatI. A pramANe sToka matanAM ghaNAM sUtro kAyadAmAM rUpAMtara pAmI gayAM. paraMtu remanA tattvavettAo bIjI keTalIka sIdhI rIte paNa leke nA AcaraNane kabajAmAM rAkhatA hatA. maratI vakhate mANase cittanA sAMtvana ane hiMmata mATe tattvavettAone pAse rAkhatA; ane temanA muA pachI A tattvavettAo temanA kuTuMbane dilAso detA. vyavahAramAM mANasonI guMcavaNa ane muzkelIne taDa paNa teo karI ApatA; ane mANasa joIne te pramANe kharo upadeza teo ApatA. vaLI lokone keLavaNuM ApavAnuM kAma moTe bhAge temanA hAthamAM rahyuM hatuM, ane moTAM moTAM kuTuMbomAM ghaNuM karIne akeke tattvavettA rAkhavAmAM Avato. vaLI sAmAnya lekone upadeza ApavA upadezanI saMsthA ubhI thaI ane te ghaNI vistAra pAmI.

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168 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. - A upadezakenA be varga hatA. eka varga sanyAsI hatA ane te Ika matanA sAdhu kahevAtA. A sAdhuo sinika hatA. A varga kuMvAre. rahe ane temane uddeza mAtra lekene upadeza ApavAno hato. A sAdhuo raheNI karaNImAM sAva sAdA, duniyAnI dareka mojamajAthI dUra rahenArA ane chatAM svabhAve AnaMdI ane saMtoSI rahenArA hatA. dareka mANasane rastAmAM hiMmatathI rokIne paNa upadeza ApavAne te pitAne haka gaNutA; ane temAM mRtyu ke duHkhane vicAra paNa teo karatA nahi. bIje varga tAtvika vaktAne hatA. A varganuM vatana sanyAsI vargathI sAva ulaTuM ja hatuM. aMga ceSTAmAM kuzaLa ane pizAkanI dareka nAnI bAbatamAM paNa saMbhALa ane zokhathI lekenuM mana haravAmAM catura evA A. vaktAonA bhASaNamAM lekene rasa paData. moTe bhAge teo buddhimAna ke nItimAna nahotA; tethI temanI saphaLatA batAvI Ape che ke e vakhate loke buddhimAM ane nItimAM kevA utarI gayA hatA. ghaNIvAra te teo nATakIya bhASaNa ApatA ane nirjIva vAto viSe paNa lAMbu lAMbu belI lekene meha upajAvatA. gAmegAma musApharI karI teo vAdavivAdamAM u. taratA ane ADAtaDA prazna pUchI AgalAne muMjhavI detA. ghaNAkharAe paise puSkaLa meLavyo hato ane musApharImAM bhapaka ane meTe rasAle te rAkhatA. temane joIne loko khuza thaI jatA, ane tethI ja tenA vicAra upara bhAre asara karavA teo zaktimAna thatA hatA. keTalAka tattvavettA pitAnA siddhAMtane baMdha karavA vaktAne dhaMdhe karatA hatA ane tethI A vargane sa dha ika matanI sAthe joDAyo. AvA auIka vaktAomAMthI be cAra te bahu sArA nIkaLyA hatA ane lekenI dAjha jANuM uttama bodha teo ApatA. paraMtu buddhibaLane jamAno have asta thayo hato, ane ekaMdare te varga buddhimAM nirmAlya ho; ane vidvattAnA daMbha ane DaLamAM kALakSepa karate. temanA badhA vicAranuM valaNa pazcAtadeza ane prAcIna hatuM. vAtacitamAM rUDhi-braNa ane aparicita

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' ' vidhamI mahArA. . 169 zabdo vAparavAmAM teo bhUSaNa mAnatA; zabdanA mULa dhAtu zodhavAnI cIvaTa rAkhatA; ane vyAkaraNa ane uccAranA nirarthaka ane ubhA karI vAdavivAdamAM paDatA. vicAramAM sAhasa ke svataMtratAne temanAmAM lagabhaga lepa thaI gayA hatA, ane zuSka tarkanA abhyAsane zekha vadhI gayo hato. sadAcAra upara temane khare prema hato, paNa te prema paNa DoLI ane pazcAtadarza hato. TUMkAmAM madhyakALanA sUkSma tAki jevA lagabhaga teo hatA. Ika matamAM je sArvatrika ane sArvajanika tatva hatuM tene phelAve karavAmAM A varga bahu sahAyabhUta thayuM hatuM, paraMtu A vargane lIdhe AIka matanI patI paNa vahelI AvI; kAraNake IkamatamAM nirarthaka anumAne, vicAronI sUkSmatA ane lekamata virUddha abhiprAya guma rahyA hatA te varga bahAra lAvyo. vaLI tavone rAjya taraphathI Azraya maLatuM hovAthI ghaNuM nItibhraSTa leke dADhI rAkhI tatvavettAne pozAka paherI lekene chetaravA lAgyA; tethI karIne te varganI avagaNanA thavA lAgI; ityAdi aneka kAraNone lIdhe sTaIkamata upara lekene kaMTALo AvavA lAge. ATaluM chatAM paNa kadApi eMIka mata sajIvana raheta. paraMtu lokonAM mana eka navina dizAmAM pUrva taraphanA dharmo pratye, vaLavA lAgyAM hatAM ane poMTinasa ItyAdi tatvavettAonI dRSTi taLe eka alakhavAda (Mysticism) ume thavA lAgyo hato, jemAM IjIptanA ane pleTanA tatvajJAnanuM mizraNa hatuM. AthI karIne romana lenA AcaraNanuM rUpAMtara kevuM thayuM te have ApaNe joIzuM. sTakamata have kevaLa zuSka tarkavAdI thaI gayo ho; ane mAtra takarArI, atithI, ane mAnasika guMcavaNa ubhI karavAmAM ja kuzaLa hoya evA matanI sAme hamezAM alakhavAda ubho thaele che. vaLI hadayagata AvirbhAvane sadAcAramAM AgaLa paDatuM sthAna lAMbA samayathI apAvA lAgyuM hatuM ane e vAta alakhavAdane anukULa hatI ane sTaIkamatane pratikULa hatI. vaLI rAjakIya ane vepArI kAraNane lIdhe paitya vicArone remamAM

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170 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. sivuM ane phelAvuM anukULa thaI paDayuM hatuM. vepArane lIdhe misara ane ITAlI niraMtara saMbaMdhamAM AvatAM hatAM. pitAnA dharmane custapaNe vaLagI rahenArA pUrva taraphanA gulAma romamAM saMkhyAbaMdha hatA. vepArane mATe A lekjhAMDiyAmAM aneka jAtanA leke AvatA, ane temanA saMsargathI tyAM eka evo mizravAda ubho thayo ke jenI asara AkhI duniyA upara thaI che. A mizravAda te navInapleTo mata che. paraMtu A parivartananuM prabaLa kAraNa te remanA rAjyamAM have kone dharmabhAvanAnI jarUra hatI te che. izukhristanA janma pUrvanA zatakamAM ane pachInA pacAsa varasamAM remanI anAsthA cheka chellA zikhare pahoMcI hatI, rAjakIya kAraNone lIdhe remanA prajAsattAka rAjyanI jUnI raheNIkaraNa ekadama badalAI gaI tethI, ane sArvabhauma rAjayamAM aneka dharmonI sarakhAmaNI thavA lAgI tethI, romana lekamAM saMpUrNa anAsthA upajI AvI hatI. chatAM sAthe sAthe jAdu ane jyotiSanA vehe paNa temanAmAM pracalita hatA e hakIkata AgaLa kahevAmAM AvI che. vaLI sRSTi-vijJAnazAstranuM ajJAna paNa temanAmAM moTuM hatuM. tethI temane dAkhala thavAne avakAza haju ghaNuM hatuM. paraMtu prathama saikAnA adhavacamAM AsthA ane pUjyabuddhi temanAmAM AvavA lAgyAM, devapUjA pAchI dAkhala thavA mAMDI, ane dharma-kriyAonI sAthe nItine saMyukta karavAne upadeza thavA lAge. deva-vANI pratye AsthA pAchI sajIvana thaI. vaLI Aphata upara Aphata AvavAthI rAjyane asta najare dekhAvA lAge tethI svadezAbhimAnanI je lAgaNI dharmanI garaja sAratI hatI te naSTa thaI ane bhayaMkara marakIne lIdhe vahemanuM rAjya prabaLa thayuM. vaLI AtmA saMbaMdhI vicAra karyA vinA mANase lAMbA kALa rahI zakatAM nathI; ane dharma-bhAvanA ApaNuM svabhAvanuM eka tatva hovAthI tenI avagaNanA paNa lAMbe kALa thaI zakatI nathI. zarUAtanA remana eMIka matamAM dharmathI svataMtra nItinI himAyata hatI. te mata kahete ke vartamAna jana-svabhAvamAMthI AkhuM nItizAstra nIpajI Ave che, mATe tenA pAlana mATe koI camatkArika bAhya sAdhananI

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vidharma mahArAjya. 171 apekSA nathI. paraMtu navIna pleTamatamAM dharmabhAvanA mukhya hatI, ane e vAta samayane rUcatI hatI. | navIna pleTe matamAM pleTanI philasuphI ane misaranI dharma bhAvanAnuM saMmizraNa che. pleTanI philasuphImAM sadAcAranuM mULa ane namune Izvara che ema mAnyuM che, manuSya upara asara karatA gaNadeva ( Daemons ) ne svIkAra che, ane laka-mAnya dharmane yukti pUrvaka ane saMtoSakAraka khulAso che. misaranA dharmamAM cittanI zAMti athavA samAdhine parama sukhanI dazA mAnI che, ane khAsa dhArmika kriyAothI cittane vizuddha karavAne temAM prayAsa che. pleTonI philasuphI yuktipradhAna che; misarane dharma bhAvanA-pradhAna che. A baMnenA mizraNathI eka moTI dhArmika sudhAraNAne janma thayo che. pleTonI philasuphInA zrIka-valaNanuM mukhya daSTAMta sphaTArka che. lUTArkanA matamAM viveka buddhinI zreSThatAne svIkAra che, ane tenA upadezamAM mukhyatve karIne ekezvaravAda che. Izvara eka ja che, paNa tenA bhinna bhinna daivI guNone bhinna bhinna deva mAnI leke pUje che; tethI anekadevavAda ane ekezvaravAdamAM kAMI virodha nathI. Izvara ke deva krUra ke anItimAna kadi hoya ja nahi. je leke ema mAnatA hoya te vahemI ane brAMta che. sArA nItimAna mANase Izvara ke devathI DaravAnI koI jarUra nathI. mUrtipUjake ajJAnI che; teo mUrtinA kArIgarone mAne che, paNa tattvavettAne mAnatA nathI. izvara siMdaryanI mUrti che e vAta kharI, paNa te suMdaratA zArIrika nathI hotI. jJAnIne te izvara divya bhavyatA, kamaLatA, dayA ane nItinuM svarUpa ja samajAya che. paraMtu lUTArka hajI barAbara ekezvaravAdI nahote. deva-vANImAM hajI tene AsthA hatI; vaMzaparaMparA sajAnI vAta e mAnata; ane khAsa daivI camatkArane siddhAMta paNa te svIkArate; ItyAdi kAraNone lIdhe tene ekezvaravAda hajI zuddha nahato. TAyarane mekSisa paNa tenI pachI ekavAdane ja upadeza Apa. hate. deva saMbaMdhI badhI vAte te rUpaka rUpe samajAvavA lAge. vaLI te

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172 . yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. wwwwww kaheta ke devane pitAne te pitAnI mUrtionI AvazyakatA kazI nathI, paNa jana-svabhAvanI nirbaLatAne lIdhe pitAnI bhAvanAone sthira karavA mATe mANasane dazya cihnonI jarUra rahe che. tethI daDha cittavALAM mANasane mUrti-pUjA nakAmI che. Ama hovAthI mUrtio manuSyanI IzvarabhAvanAnAM nirdoSa cine mAtra che, ane pitAnI bhAvanA pramANe judI judI prajAmAM judI judI jAtanI mUrtio hoya che. misaranA lake prANIone pUje che, ane pArasIo agnine pavitra mAne che. paraMtu game te rUpe pUje, paNa Izvara che ane ekaja che eTaluM leke samaje te basa che. vaLI gaNadevanI mAnyatA e vakhate bahu pracalita hatI. tattvavettAo paNa temanuM e astitva svIkArI khulAse ApavAno prayatna karatA. A matanI spaSTatA e yuliyasa bahu karI che. tenA mata pramANe A deve kiMvADimane aMtarikSamAM rahetI jIvasRSTi che, ane ApaNI prArthanAo upara pahoMcADI ApaNane teo madada meLavI Ape che. arthAt teo rAjAnA mukhya nekara jevA che, ane darekane judAM judAM kAma ane khAtAM sepelAM hoya che. uparAMta A DImano vaLI ApaNA sadAcAranA saMrakSaka ane ApaNe kAyanAM noMdhanArA hoya che, ane dareka mANasanA rakSaka rUpe A eka Dimana hoya che ane AkhI jIdagImAM tenA sAkSI rUpe e hAjara ja rahe che. tethI muA pachI enI sAlI upara ApaNa kAryane InasApha tyAM thAya che. dharma-sudhAraNAnA AvA AvA prayAsathI khristidharmanA ekezvaravAdane mArga bahu saraLa thaI paDyo. anekadevavAdamAM aneka de pitatAnuM kAma karyA jatA,ane vakhate mAMDa mAMhe vaDhatA ane mArAmArI karatA. aMte sai IdanI AjJA pALatA thayA. ekezvaravAda pramANe eka ja Izvara A DImo dvArA vizvanuM rAja karavA lAge. Ama lekenI buddhi Izvara prati vaLatI thaI ane khristi dharmane paNa eTaluM ja joItuM hatuM. vaLI tethI ema paNa siddha thAya che ke naitika ane mAnasika vikAsanA prApta raNane anurUpa pitAnI dharma

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vidharmI mahArAjya. 173 bhAvanA ucca karavA ane dharmanA kAnunane amuka aMze naitika sudhAraNanA upAya banAvavA mATe mANase iMtejAra hoya che. vaLI dharma-bhAvanAnA be mukhya prakAratvajJAna ane bhakita-je ApaNane have sarvatra najare paDe che te be prakAra paNa A prayAsamAM spaSTa dIsI Ave che. grIka tatvaciMtana yuktipradhAna ane mizravAdI che. misaranuM tattvaciMtana bhakita-pradhAna ane gUDha che. grIsa tattvaciMtaka pitAnA dharma upara paNa TIkA karavA maMDI jato. misarane dhArmika purUSa daivI hAjarI AgaLa vicArazakitane kaMgAla gaNe garIbAithI namI jate, tethI yurepanA naitika jIvanamAM eka navIna ezane praveza thayo; ane te aMza dhArmika pUjya buddhi ane dharmane mATe dhAstI yukta mAna hatA. A banne prajAnA jIvanamAM paData. bheda paNa A bhedane laIne spaSTa thAya che. grIsanA dharmamAMthI ghaNI ramata ane utsava upajyAM che; ane dharmanI dhAstI te lekamAM bahu ochI hatI. misaramAM dhArmika kriyAomAM guhya bheda ane rUpaka rahetAM, ane brahmacarya, mAMsAhArane tyAga, pavitratA ityAdi kriyAonA lAMbAkALa paryata sevanathIja Izvara-pUjAne mATe yogya thavAtuM. kudaratanA mahAna baLonI gaNatrI deva tarIke thatI hovAthI ane guhya cinethI te baLe DhaMkAelA hovAthI eka gaMbhIra prakAranI dhAstI temanA dharmamAMthI upajatI hatI. A parvAtya dharmanA pravAhanI joDe AcaraNanA vicAra ane tattvadarzananA siddhAMte je dhasaDAI AvyA te paNa tevA ja prakAranA hatA. vicAraparaMparAthI prApta thatA nigamane karatAM samAdhithI thatuM atajJAna vadhAre kiMmatI che e valaNa patya dharmanuM mukhya hatuM. navIna pleTa mata ane Ika mata banemAM sarvAtmavAda che, paNa temAM bheda bahu che. ane matamAM manuvyanI ekatA izvara sAthe karI che; paraMtu sTaIka matamAM manuSyanuM gaurava vadhAravA te karI che ane navIna pleTe matamAM Izvarane mahimA batAvavA te kahI che. sTeIka matamAM sadAcArI manuSyathI zreSTha sRSTimAM kazuM nathI; navIna beleTa matamAM mANasamAM IzvarIka aMza che paNa te eza zarIranI

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174 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa sattAthI dabAI gaeluM jhAMkhu, surata ane gupta paDyuM rahe che. tethI A zarIrane vaza karavuM arthAta duSTa manevikArane nigraha kare e jIdagInuM parama kartavya che. mRtyuthI AtmA ane zarIra taddana bhinna thaI jAya che; mATe ja mRtyu atyaMta IcchaNIya che. AmAMthI tavRttine pracAra zarU thaye; ane adhyAtmika tavadarzana ucca gaNAvA lAgyuM. IzvaranI jhAMkhI karavI hoya te mANase Idiyajanya vilAsathI tadana aLagA rahevuM joIe. IDyio satyanI vidhI hovAthI temanI sattAne kevaLa nimULa karI nAMkhavI joIe. satyanuM oLakhANa karAvavA mAtra buddhija samartha che. paraMtu A buddhi eTale tarkazakti ema samajavAnI bhUla karavI nahi. vastunA sAmipya mAtrathI vastunuM je bhAna thAya che te bhAnanuM nAma A buddhi; ane te vivecanA, pRthakkaraNa, sarakhAmaNI ke tarkathI kADhelA anumAnathI tadana bhinna che. A sahaja jJAnazakti lAMbA abhyAsathI ja Ave che. zarIrarUpI dIvAlathI ApaNumAM DhaMkAI rahe te daivI aMza lAMbI ane daDha aMtarmukhatAthI ja jevAI zakAya che. mATe abhyAsathI vRttine daDha karI sArvatrika cetana (brahma) nI sAthe eka rasa thaI jAo. A zAMti, A mekSa kivA nirvANu sadAcAranI aMtima avasthA che. nirguNa, nirAkAra A eka jene alekajhAMDiyAnI trimUrtimAM "prathama purUSa" kahe che te ja satya che evo AdhyAtmika viveka manuSyanA vicAranI parisImA che, ane te prApta karavA samAdhinI dazAe pahoMcavuM e sadAcAranuM zirobiMdu che. A dizAe laiTinasa ghaNuM vAra pahoMcyo hato ane riphAirI eka ja vakhata pahoMcI zakayo hate. tapaddhati ahIM nirUpayogI che eTaluM ja nahi paNa te bramAtmaka che. daivI vastuo para mANasanuM kAma navu upajAvavAnuM ke meLavavAnuM nathI, paNa je che tene bahAra kheMcI kADhavAnuM che. ane zAMti ane daDha nididhyAsanathI e vAta banI zake che. mATe sAMsArika dareka bAbatamAMthI manane vALI letAM prathama zIkhavAnuM che. A vAta navI nathI. ghaNA jamAnAmAM jude jude nAme AnI A vAta kahevAmAM AvelI che. gUDhArthavAda, alakhavAda, adhyAtmavAda, preraNA

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vidhamI mahArAjya. 175 ** * ke Izvara kRpA game te nAma tene Ape, paNa te badhAnuM tAtparya mAtra eTaluM ja che ke iMdriyathI para jJAnanAM keTalAMka dvArA ApaNane prApta che evI mAnyatA ApaNA aMtaranA aMtarapaDamAM rahelI che; ane mananI keTalIka avasthA evI hoya chenaitika ane mAnasika prakAzanA keTalAka jhabakArA evA hoya che ke ApaNI sAmAnya zakitao vaDe te samajAvI zakAya ema nathI. ApaNI tarka zakitanI vicArazIlatA, bhIratA ane caMcaLatAne badale navIna pleTa matamAM kalpanAnA harSonmAdane svIkAra che, ane tene mATe bIjI badhI mAnasika zakitaone bhoga ApavAnuM kahyuM che. tethI thayuM ema ke leke bheLA ane vahemI thaI gayA, kAraNa ke vivecanA zaktino aMkuza jatAM kalpanA niraMkuza banI gaI ane tethI temAM bhraSTatA ane bhrAMtine avakAza rahevA lAge. AgalA kaI paNa mata karatAM A matamAM cittanI vizuddhi upara vizeSa lakSa che e vAta kharI, paraMtu vicAra ane kRtine chUTAM pADavAnI gaMbhIra bhUla paNa A mate karI che. : je sadAcAra kRtimAM pratIta thatuM na hoya tene sadAcAra tarIke svIkAravAnI remanA tatvaciMtake sApha ne kahetA. paramezvaranI prArthanA karIne kheDUta ne besI rahe ane haLa pherave nahi, te tethI dhAnya nIpajI jatuM nathI. kevaLa jJAnathI phAyado ? vaidyanI kuzaLatA kyAre gaNAya ke regIne roga maTADe tyAre. arthAta pitAnI zakitane upayoga mANase bIjAnA bhalA mATe karavAnuM che. ApaNI mAphaka paramezvara ALasu thaI jAya te pachI duniyA cAlaze kema ? paraMtu navIna pleTa matane sadAcAra sAmAjIka raheto nathI, kAraNa ke te matamAM samAdhi ja sadAcAranI sarvottama dazA manAelI che, ane vairAgya vRtti te dazA prApta karavAnuM sAdhana che. paNa vairAgya-vRtti ane sAMsArika pravRtti eka bIjanA vidhI che. tethI ramanA tatvaciMtanane chelle phaTake mAravAnI khAsa yogyatA navIna pleTa matamAM hatI. A pramANe navIna pleTa matane lIdhe sAmAjIka jIvananI pravRtti baMdha paDI ane vivecanA-zakti maMda thaI. vaLI AgaLa jatAM daivI camatkA ranI vAta bahu manAvA lAgI tethI ane gauNadevanA siddhAMtathI sTaIka

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- 176 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. kudarata vAda sUI gayo. AtmahatyAmAM doSa gaNAvA lAge, kAraNa ke kartavyanuM je sthAna ApaNe mATe Izvare nirmita karyuM hoya te tajavAmAM pApa che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa AtmahatyA karatI vakhate mAnasika gabharATane lIdhe AtmA dUSita thAya che evI mAnyatA thavA lAgI hatI. vaLI paralekanuM astitva paNa sau mAnavA lAgyA hatA, kAraNa ke remanI moTAI naSTa thatAM "IzvaranA darabAra'nI vAta lekanAM mana upara dhIme dhIme sthita thavA lAgI; ane gulAmonI saMkhyA je remamAM asaMkhya hatI temane A vAta bahu rUcikara thaI paDI. uparAMta nIti ane dharmanuM saMmizraNa thatuM ane maMdiramAM thatI dharmakriyAothI naitika vizuddhi prApta thAya che e. vicAra prasaryo. A badhAM pariNAma navIna pleTe matamAMthI upajI AvyAM. ' TUMkamAM, AkhA prakaraNane sAra Ama che; remamAM tatvajJAnano udaya thayo tyArathI te khristi dharmanI sthApanA thaI te daramyAna nItinAM ekadara valaNa remana prajAmAM kevAM hatAM te ApaNe joyuM ane saMjogone laIne nautinuM dhAraNa kevI rIte badalAtuM gayuM te paNa ApaNe tapAsyuM. vyaktionI naitika ke mAnasika zaktiomAM game tevI vividhatA hoya, paraMtu janasamUhanA ekaMdara svAbhAvika ke naitika dhoraNamAM jhAjhe phera ho saMbhavita nathI; tethI karIne koI prajAmAM kaI sadAcAra vA durAcAra agrasthAne gaNAto hoya che tenuM kAraNa te prajAnA amuka saMjogomAMthI ja zodhavAnuM hoya che. te pramANe remanA AcaraNanA itihAsanI traNa avasthA ApaNane pratIta thAya che. ' keTe ane siserenA samayamAM remanA sadAcAranuM svarUpa zuddha ramAya hatuM. sTaIka matanA siddhAMta pramANe A svarUpa samajAvI zakAtuM hatuM e vAta kharI, paNa te svarUpa remamAM asalathI ja cAlyuM AvatuM hatuM. te vakhatano romana nara daDha, sahanazIla, vyAvahArika ane unnata hato. kALe karIne A svarUpamAM grIka vaLaNa dAkhala thayuM; ane te kemaLa ane dayALu hatuM. kevA kevA saMjogothI A tava remanA sadAcAramAM dAkhala thaI gayuM

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vidhamAM mahArAjya, 177 te ApaNe upara joyuM che. paraMtu A tatva dAkhala thavAthI sTIIka mata nirbaLa thatA gaye, ane chevaTe lekamAnya dharma sudhAravAnI prabaLa IcchA romana prajAmAM uddabhava pAmI. A bIjI avasthAnA naitika namunAmAM rema ane grIsanA sadAcAranuM saMmizraNa hatuM. trIjI avasthAmAM rAjAnuM rAjya labe vakhata cAlu rahevAne lIdhe romana prajAmAM sAmAjIka caMcaLatAne dhIme dhIme asta thaI gayo. vaktAonuM paribaLa vadhI paDavAthI mAnasika zaktimAM mAtra vitaMDA ane zuSka tarka rahyAM. lAgaNIone keLavavAnI prathA vadhatI cAlI, ane chevaTe lekane dharma bhAvanAnI IcchA prabaLa thaI. aneka nAnAM nAnAM kAraNone lIdhe saMzayAtmavAdane nAza thaze ane dhIme dhIme alekjhAMDriyA nIti zAstranuM mukhya mathaka thaI paDayuM. tethI ramIya naitika svarUpa naSTa thayuM, ane chevaTe navIna pleTa mata lekanI samakSa AvIne ubho rahyo. A matanI asarathI mANa senAM mana aMtarAbhimukha, bhoLAM ane vahemI thaI gayAM; ane samAdhinA bramamAM pitAnI icchita avasthA pAmyAM che ema mAnI mANaso ekAMtavAsI thavA lAgyAM. zahenazAhata, gulAmagIrI ane krUra ramatanA pariNAme roma kevaLa bhraSTa thaI gayuM hatuM. A bhraSTatA maTADavAne prayAsa dareka pathe karyo hato. sTaIka mate sArA narasAne mATe meTo bheda spaSTa sthApo, sArvatrika brAtRbhAvanI vahAra karI, uttama sAhitya ane dhArA-zAstra upajAvyAM ane pitAnI naitika vyavasthAne svadezAbhimAnamAM lagADI dIdhI. grIka tattvajJAnanI asarathI lekamAM kamaLa guNe dAkhala thayA ane sAmAnya vyavahAramAM paNa sArA narasAne bheda spaSTa thaze. ane navIna pleTa matathI dhArmika pUjyabuddhinI bhAvanA jAgrata thaI, namratA, bhakita ane vicAranI vizuddhine baMdha thayo, ane naitika dRSTibiMdune mANasa sAthe nahi paNa Izvara sAthe saMbaMdha che e vAtathI leke paricita thayA. paraMtu e ja samaye khristidharma dhIme dhIme bahAra AvatA ho;

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178 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ane chevaTe e dharma nItinI bAbatamAM AkhI duniyAne gurU thaI paDe. Ika matane sArvatrika bhrAtRbhAva, kamaLa guNane mATe grIka tatvavettAene pakSapAta, ane misaranA dharmamAM pUjya-buddhi ane dhArmika saMbhramane je aMza hatA te, A badhAnuM pitAnA matamAM saMmelana karI te sarvoparI banI gaye. tethI remamAM A dharmane udaya kevI rIte thaya, sadAcAranuM kayuM svarUpa eNe lekenI AgaLa raju karyuM, tenA upara tenI zI asara thaI ane tethI kevA kevA pheraphAra thayA te jovAnuM have ApaNane rahe che. prakaraNa trIjuM. roma khristi thayuM. je khristidharma AkhI duniyAmAM meTA vismayakAraka pheraphAra karavAne sarjita thayo hato tenI agatyatAnuM bhAna, kensTanTAIna remane pAdazAha thayo te pUrve romIya lekhakemAM bIlakula nahotuM. tethI prAthamika khristisaMsthAne itihAsa temanA lekhomAMthI lakhave e kAma kevaLa azakya thaI paDe che. lUTArka, plini ane senikA pitAnA lekhamAM khristidharmanuM nAma paNa ApatA nathI. TesiTasa e dharmane "dhikkArapAtra vahemanI saMjJA Ape che. Teniyasa paNa ema ja kahe che. te samayanA romIya lekhakee zahenazAhanAM jIvanacarita lakhyAM che ane temAM darabAranA pizAka, ramato, durAcAra ane mUkhaIonI aneka vigata teo Ape che, paraMtu pristi dharmanA te cha sAta IsArA mAtra kare che. - A cUpakInuM kAraNa sattAne aMkuza hatA ema paNa nahatuM. kAraNake A viSayamAM lakhavAnI chuTa te vakhate atyaMta hatI. itihAsa kema lakhavo e vAta teo jANatA hatA. ane remana mahArAjyanA sAmAjIka pariva

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rAma khristi thayuM. 179 nenuM ghaNuM jJAna temanA lekhamAMthI ApaNane maLe che. paraMtu khristidharmanI naitika agatyatAnI ja mAtra teoe upekSA karI che, ane tethI ItihAsamAM eka meTe khADe paDI rahe che. pratibhAzALI lekhake te vakhate nahotA ema paNa nahotuM; pitAnI AsapAsa samAjanI chinnabhinna avasthA teo jotA hatA; ane je sattA AvI avasthAmAMthI tarI AvI vakhata jatAM lokonI nItine doranAruM prabaLa baLa thavAnI hatI tenI AgAhI teo kevaLa karI zakyA nahi e vAta paNa vicAravA jevI che. dharma ane nItinA pradeza ekabIjAthI bhinna che ane dharmathI svataMtra nItinI siddhi thaI zake che evI mAnyatA te samayamAM pracalita hovAthI khristidharmanI upekSA temaNe karI che. remana mahArAjyanA sTaIka samayamAM dharma vyAvahArika jIvanamAM daivI sahAya meLavavAnI kaLA mAtra gaNate hato; ane manuSya jAtanI naitika sudhAraNuM tenA pradezanI kevaLa bahAra gaNAtI hatI. zikSita varga tattvajJAnane ja dharma mAnate. ane patya heme je remamAM pesI gayA hatA te ghaNuM aniSTakAraka manAtA ane tuccha gaNAtA. temAMya yahudI lekenA vahema ati tuccha gaNutA; paNa temanA dharmanA niyamathI leke kevaLa ajJAna hatA. A yAhudI dharmanA paMtha tarIke britidharma lekhAte hato. remanA rAjya upara khristidharmanI phateha keTale aMze naitika kAraNone laIne thaI hatI ane pracalita tatvajJAna sAthe tene saMbaMdha kevo hato te barAbara jANavA mATe te phateha kevI rIte thaI te bAbata kAMIka kahevuM ucita jaNAya che. keTalAka kahe che ke rezamIya tatvajJAna upara e dharmanI prabaLa asara thaI hatI, ane temanA keTalAka AgevAna purUSo e tattva jJAnanA anuyAyIo hatA; tethI khristidharmanI phateha thaI che. keTalAka vaLI kahe che ke potAnA dharma-pustakamAM ApelI kathAo sAcI che tenA prabaLa pUrAvA khristi upadezakae ApyA tethI te dharmanI phateha thaI che. anya keTalAka vaLI khristidharmanI phatehane kevaLa camatkAra rUpa ja gaNe che. teo kahe che ke pavana ane pANI kevaLa pratikULa hovA chatAM jema ke vahANa pitAne dhArele sthaLe tvarAthI pahoMcI jAya evI khristidharmanI phateha paNa

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*************** 18 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNaneItihAsa. hatI, tethI mueluM mANasa jIvatuM thAya temAM je camatkAra che, tema khristi dharmanI A phatehamAM paNa camatkAra che. upalA traNa matamAMthI prathama mata viSe jhAjhuM belavAnI jarUra nathI, chellAM prakaraNamAM te saMbaMdhI bahu kahevAyuM che. romana rAjyanA mahAna nItivettAoe khristidharmanuM nAma paNa ApyuM nathI, ane ApyuM che tyAM tene tiraskAra ja karyo che; ajJAna lekamAM ghaNuM dhI ubhA thatA, paNa teo temanI upekSA karatA; ane khristionA saMbaMdhamAM teo AvyA hoya agara khristio upara temaNe meherabAnI batAvI hoya e kaI kiMmatI pUrAvo ApaNane maLatuM nathI. khristidharmanI asara temanA upara thaI hatI ema dhAravAnuM kAraNa mAtra eTaluM ja che ke khristionI peThe teo paNa AtmanirIkSaNa, sArvatrika bhrAtRbhAva, ane dayAne upadeza ApatA. tathApi A sAmano khulAse dareka matamAM svataMtra rIte thaI zake che. Atma-nirIkSaNa kartavya che e vAta sTeIka mate piyAgoriyanA upadezamAMthI grahaNa karI che. sArvatrika bhrAtRbhAvane siddhAMta samayanA rAjakIya ane sAmAjIka pari. vartananuM pariNAma che, kAraNa ke te samaye AkhI sudharelI Alama remanA rAjya-chatra nIce AvI hatI. vaLI eMIkamatanA sarvAtmavAdane te vAta anukULa hatI. pAchalA sTaIkamatamAM dayAne upadeza mukhya hatA e vAta kharI che, paNa tenuM kAraNa ramanA jIvanamAM zrIkAnta peThuM hatuM te che. A pramANe A sAmyane khulAse ApI zakAya che. senikAne saMtapelanI sAthe patravyavahAra cAlyo hato e kAraNa batAvI madhyakALanA lekhake ene khristi mAnatA. paraMtu A patravyavahArane have banAvaTI mAnavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu senikAe khristidharmanI bhASA kAMIka sAMbhaLI hoya ema mAnIe to paNa te dharmathI prerAIne pitAne nItine siddhAMta eNe ra che e vAta khoTI che, kAraNa ke khristidharmamAM bhakti, dInatA, mANasanI pApa buddhinuM ane IzvaranI sarvotkRSTa bhavyatAnuM bhAna ane pAralaikika sRSTine vAraMvAra isAre-e vAte mukhya che. paraMtu senikAnA upadezamAM ethI ulaTuM ja che. pAralaikika sRSTine bedarakAra rahIne ane

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roma khristi thayuM, 181 manuSyanI sarvotkRSTa bhavyatAne gaMbhIra nizcaya ene hevAthI, potAnA ziSyone Izvara ane mANasanI dareka bIkathI svataMtra karavAne khAsa parizrama senikAe karyo hate. DAhyA mANasa devonI tulya che evI magarUra bhASA enI hatI. vaLI yAhudInI AkhI jAta zApita che ema senikA spaSTa kahetA, ane yahudI ane khristine e vakhate meM eka gaNatuM. remana eMIkomAM je koInuM paNa AcaraNa khristinA jevuM hoya te te mArakasa oreliyasanuM hatuM, paNa eNe te khristI dharmane satAvyuM hatuM. vaLI khristi dharmanA siddhatinuM sAmya grIka tattvavettAonA lakhANamAM jovAmAM AvatuM hatuM, ane tenAM aneka dRSTAMta apAtAM hatAM. paraMtu senikA ityAdi ramanA samakAlIna nItivettAo upara e dharmanI asara thaI hatI ema koI khristi vRddha kahetuM nathI. tethI karIne sTaIka matanI prabaLatAnA samaye khristi dharma ramanA tattvaciMtaka varga upara kAMI paNa sattA sthApita karI hoya e vAta tadana bInapAyAdAra che. tyAre have, lekIne daivI camatkArane pUrAve ApI khristi dharma potAnI sattA sthApI che ke kema? te bAbatane ApaNe vicAra karIe. ahIM be bAbate ApaNe lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che. eka te, camatkAranI tulyanA karavAnI e jamAnAnI zakti kevI hatI ane bIjI keTale aMze temanA mana upara e camatkAronI asara thAya ema hatuM ? A viSaya barAbara samajavAne mATe camatkAranA pUrAvAnI vAta kAMIka chaNavAnI atra jarUra che. - kethalika saMsthAnA thoDAka dharmagurUo sivAya, hAlanA sudharelA, jamAnAmAM camatkAranI vAta sAmAnya rIte koI mAnatuM nathI. lagabhaga dareka mANasa koI eka amuka prakAranA camatkAra aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka kadi mAnate hoya chatAM sAmAnya niyama tarIke camatkArane te jUThA ane nahi mAnavA lAyaka gaNe che. camatkAra banavA azakya che athavA kudaratamAM te banavA atyaMta asaMbhavita che evA kAraNane lIdhe camatkAramAM tene azraddhA hoya che ema paNa nathI, kAraNa ke anya camatkArenA saMbaMdhamAM

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182 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. game tema hoya, paraMtu temane eka varga eve che athavA temane vicAramAM utAravAne eka prakAra e che ke jemAM tarkamUlaka muzkelI kAMI AvatI nathI. vijaLIne tAra je ke grahaNanI AgAhI sAMbhaLI jaMgalIluM mana AcArya pAme che, tema ApaNAthI atyaMta caDIAmAM jJAna ke zaktivALI jIva sRSTi astitva dharAvatI hoya te te vAta asaMbhavita nathI; ane pachI evI sRSTine sAmAnya lAgatAM kAryo ApaNAmAMthI buddhimAnamAM buddhi mAna mANasane paNa na samajAya te temAM Azcarya pAmavA jevuM kazuM nathI. vaLI bIjI bAbatamAM je pUrAvAne ApaNe pUra mAnIe chIe te pUrata pUrAvo camatkAranI bAbatamAM ApaNane maLatuM nathI mATe ApaNe camatkAra nathI mAnatA ema paNa nathI; kAraNa ke ItihAsanA ghaNA banAve ApaNe zraddhApUrvaka svIkArI laIe chIe, paNa eja ItihAsakAra je daivI camatkAranI vAta kare che te te vAtane ApaNuM mana anAyAse ja eka gapa gaNe che. ApaNane khAtrI che ke prAcIna ziSTa samayamAM ke madhyakALamAM camatkAra sAmAnya banAva na hovA chatAM te kALanA lagabhaga badhA lekhakene khAtrI hatI ke te banatA. sahaja prazna thAya che ke te kALamAM camatkAranI mAnyatA ghaNI hatI ane hAla kema nathI? to tene javAba mAtra eTaluM ja che ke vadhatA jatA sudhArAnA pariNAme manuSyanA mananI dazA evI thaI ke camatkAra paratve rahelI hasyajanaka aMdha-zraddhA enI meLe sarI gaI. camatkAranI mAnyatA vAdavivAda ke yukitapUrvaka dalIlathI naSTa thatI nathI, paraMtu sudhAro ane keLavaNI vadhatAM avazya e mAnyatA adazya thaI jAya che, kAraNa ke te mAnyatA mananI eka dazA mAtra hoya che. tethI ja gAmaDIA ajJAna ko bhUta palIta ane DAkaNone mAne che. camatkAranI mAnyatA e kalpanAnI ja eka avasthA che, ane kalpanA suvyavasthita thatAM evI mAnyatA enI meLe rahetI nathI. eka jaMgalI ajJAna mANasa potAnI AsapAsa joI sRSTine prathama vicAra karavA mAMDe che tyAre ene ema churI Ave che ke potAno AsapAsa banatuM badhuM, koIka pitAnI marajI mAphaka kayI kare che. pitAnI pAse

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183 , ,,,,,,,,,,, ,,++++, + - 1. rAma khristi thayuM. pathare AvIne paDe che te ema jANe che ke keIe e pheMko. ane dhUmaketu, marakI, vAvAjhoDuM ityAdi banAvane kAI adazya zaktinA sIdhA ane chUTaka chUTaka kAryo mAnIne te kAryo zA IrAdAthI prerita thatAM haze tene vicAra karavA e bese che, ane te karanArAne krodha zamAvavA upAyo te zodhe che. Ama sRSTimAM banatAM banAvone nokhA nokhA gaNIne, te darekanI vyavasthA karatI adhiSThAtrI zaktinI navI navI yojanA te kare che. Ama camatkAra tene mane koI vicitra banAva lAgatA nathI, tema kudaratI kAyadAnA bhegarUpe tene samajAtA nathI, paraMtu duniyAne sAmAnya krama ja evo che ema ene lAge che. buddhinI A avasthAnI sAthe keTalAMka nAnAM nAnAM pariNAme paNa rahelAM hoya che. chavApaNuvAdake je mAnuSI lAgaNIonuM AropaNa jaDa vastuomAM kare che, je saghaLAM kAvya ane vakatRtvamAM moTe aMze dekhAya che, ane samAjanI prAthamika dazAmAM je khAsa karIne dazya thAya che te ApaNu abhiprAyonA moTA bhAganuM mULa che. thAMbhalA sAthe mAthuM bhaTakAtAM ApaNe paNa thAMbhalA upara ghaDIka gusse thaI jaIe chIe, paraMtu temAM A jIvAropaNu ja hoya che. paraMtu viveka vAparI sudharelo mANasa krodhanA A AvirbhAvane rokI zake che; bALaka ane jaMgalI te rokI zakatAM nathI. ane A nyAye anya kAraNonI sAthe kapanA zakitanI nirbaLatAne lIdhe pitAnI prathama bhAvAone anurUpa IzvaranuM svarUpa AdikALanAM azikSita mANaso bAMdhe che ane A IzvaranAM turaMgI ane asaMbaddha kAne teo camatkAra lekhe che. kalpanAnI e ja nibaLatA pachI temanAM mAnasika valaNe, manebhAva, vikAranA khaLabhaLATa ke virodha ke kevaLa turaMgane paNa kAMIka dazya svarUpa ApavAno prayatna kare che; ane Ama dhIme dhIme deva devIo ane temanI kathAo upajI Ave che. AvI kathAone udeza nItine koI muddo rUpaka rUpe-buddhimAM jhaTa utare evA keI sAkAra svarUpe, samajAvavAnuM hoya che arthAta vArepaNamAM Azcarya upara prema ane vivecanAzakitanI khAmI e be vAta mukhya hoya che.

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184 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa -~- ~ * A pramANe varSAkALamAM varasAda jema svAbhAvika che, tema samAjanI amuka dazAmAM camatkArika kathAonI mAnyatA paNa svAbhAvika che. paraMtu mANasamAM jema jema samIkSaNa vadhatuM jAya che, kudaratanuM rAjya niyame varate che e abhiprAya jema jema baMdhAte jAya che, ane vastuene vicArathI nirALA karavAnI temanI zakita jema jema keLavAtI jAya che, tema tema temanAmAM camatkAranI apekSA ane AsthA ochI thatI jAya che, ane tethI camatkAra banavA paNa baMdha paDI jAya che. bhoLA ane vera hemI kALamAM paNa camatkAranI saMkhyAne AdhAra dhArmika bAbatomAM kalpanAnI prabaLatAnA pramANa upara raheluM hoya che ane dareka prajAmAM ema baneluM che. tethI karIne jJAnanI amuka dazAmAM camatkAranI mAnyatA svA. bhAvika hoya che eTalA khulAsAthI te mAnyatAnuM khaMDana thAya che. camatkAra banavA azakaya che athavA temanI satyatA sAbIta kare te pUrate pUrA nathI; mATe camatkAra ApaNe mAnatA nathI ema ame kahetA nathI, kavio pirionI vAta kare che. purANuo vidUta ke mahAdevanA gaNenI vAta kare che. AvI vAta mAnatAM vicAramAM kaI vireAdha AvatuM nathI. tema dareka bAbatamAM ApaNe pUrNa pUrA paNa mAgatA nathI. pUrA ja joItuM hoya te camatkAranI bAbatamAM te te ghaNe che; chatAM ApaNe camatkAra mAnatA nathI. ame te eTaluM ja kahIe chIe ke samAjanI amuka avasthAmAM te avazya manAya che. bhUtapalItanuM astitva ja nathI ema koI mANasa siddha karI zake ema nathI; paNa tAvanI garamIthI uzkerAe mANasa bhUta jue te tenuM kAraNa samajavuM ApaNane muzkela lAgatuM nathI. sudhAre vadhatAM camatkAre banavA baMdha thatA jAya che tenAM traNa kAraNe che. prathama te, keLavaNI vadhatAM vastuone avelekavAnI ane temane yathArtha kahI batAvavAnI Teva mANasamAM AvatI jAya che ane tethI azikSita ka panA aMkuzamAM AvatI jAya che. arthAta keLavaNI vadhatAM satyanI jIjJAsA. vadhe che ane tethI mANasanuM mana vadhAre sakhata sAbItInI mAgaNI karatuM jAya che. bIjuM keLavaNInI vRddhi sAthe pRthakkaraNa kivA vargIkaraNanI zakita

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rAma khristi thayuM. 185 vadhe che ane tene lIdhe sRSTinA jaDa banAvamAM cetanane Aropa karavAnI Teva sudhare che ane tethI devadevIonI camatkArIka kathA upajAvavAnuM meTuM mULa baMdha thaI jAya che ane Ama purANa kathAone aMta Ave che. trIjuM, sRSTi-vijJAna-zAstrane abhyAsa vadhatAM kudaratanuM rAjya niyame cAle che evuM jJAna thAya che ane tethI camatkAranI mAnyatAne asta thAya che. purANa kALamAM manAtA aneka camatkAra rUpa banAve te kudaratI jaDa kAraNonAM niyamita pariNAma mAtra che ema vijJAna-zAse have siddha karyuM che. vaLagADanA daradonI sAravAra have DAkaTaro kare che ane kAlerA, marakI vagere mokalI Izvara pitAnI nAkhuzI jaNAve che evI mAnyatA have lepa pAmI gaI che. dhUmaketunA AgamananI AgAhI thAya che ane vijaLI te have ApaNI dAsI thaI rahI che. vaLI jyAM keTalIka purANakathAono khulAso ApI zakAto nathI tyAM paNa camatkAra banavo bahu asaMbhavita che. kAraNa ke vijJAna-zAstrane mukhya upadeza e che ke jagatanA banAve eka bIjAmAM otapreta ane saMkalita hoya che, ane tethI eka bAbatamAM vyutkama thatAM AkhA jagatamAM utpAta thAya. Ama camatkAranI mAnyatA nirmULa karavAmAM sRSTi-vijJAna zAe ghaNuM karyuM che. sRSTimAM kudaratanuM niyamita rAjya ja pravarte che; kazuM aNadhAryuM ke akasmAtathI banatuM nathI; e vijJAna-zAstrane mukhya ane jabaro upadeza che. paraMtu hajI paNa vijJAna-zAstrane vijaya saMpUrNa thaye jaNAtuM nathI. hAlanA samayamAM paNa ghaNAkharAM mANase kudaratanA keTalAka banAvone camakArano pradeza mAne che; kAraNa ke vijJAna-zAstra e banAvanI barAbara AgAhI karI zakatuM nathI. dAkhalA tarIke varasAda na thAya te lokonI nIti upara AkSepa mUkAya che. "bhAI ! AvA pApanA jamAnAmAM varasAda, paNa sukAI gayo !" ema ke mAhamAMhe kahe che. vaLI keTalAka nahi samajatA rogamAM paNa teo Izvarane nyAya jue che; ane je roga vaidika zAstrathI na maTe athavA maTatAM vAra lAge te loke derA cIThThI karAvavA doDe che, IglAMDamAM eka samaye jyAre temAM marakI paDI tyAre keTalAka dharmagurUo

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186 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. kahevA lAgyA ke keTalAka pApI lekhakee dharma-virUddha lekha lakhyA hatA tenuM e pariNAma hatuM. lekhakee lekha lakhyA paNa temane ghera Thera nahetAM; kheDUtone hera hatAM, paNa temaNe e lekha lakhyA nahotA; eTaluM ja nahi paNa te lekhanI temane khabara paNa nahatI; ane khabara hatI ke te lekhakenI sAme pagalAM bharata; vaLI keTalAMka paragaNuM ghaNuM Astika hatAM, chatAM te roganuM jora tyAM ja ghaNuM hatuM ane bIjA dezamAM evI jatanA lekha lakhAtA hatA, chatAM tyAM e roganuM nAma nahotuM; A badhI vAta kharI, paNa lekene vehema gayo nahi, ane te roganuM kAraNa te nAstika le che hatA ema te kahetA hatA. have bAhya anubhavanA baLe kudaratI kAraNe kheLavAM ane te uparathI banAvenI AgAhI karI ApavI e vijJAna-zAstranI paddhati che. A prayoga paddhatino upayoga kyAM karI zakAya ema che tyAM paNa karAto nathI, e vAta lekonA lakSamAM rahetI nathI. dAkhalA tarIke anAsthA ane durAcAranA samayamAM marakI ke mahAroga zikSArUpe Ave che ema leke kahe che, te A vAtanuM bArIka avalekana thavuM joIe ane zAstrIya prayoganI paddhatie tene barAbara tapAsavI joIe. tethI eka taraphathI marakI ke mahAreganA ItihAsanuM sUkSma avalokana thavuM joIe, ane bIjI taraphathI durAcAra ane anAsthAnA kALane barAbara tapAsavA joIe; tethI e benI vacce je kAMI kArya kAraNabhAva haze te te jaNAI AvyA vinA raheze nahi. sanAtana dharmanI sanAtanatA paNa tevI ja rIte te dharmanA kharA ItihAsa uparathI tapAsI levI joIe. vaLI jyAM ghaNA saMjogonI asara bheLI thaI kArya upajAve che tyAM ghaNI vakhata ApaNu AgAhI beTI paDe che e vAta paNa lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che. bUca baDe paNa TiTenika AgaboTa na be ema sainA mAnavAmAM hatuM. paraMtu baraphanA DuMgarathI tenuM peTa cIrAI gayuM ane aneka nAnAM nAnAM kAraNe temAM bhaLI gayAM ane ApaNane kamakamATI upajAve evI jAnanI beTI khuvArI tethI thaI gaI. pitAnA pagataLe AgabeTamAM dhabaMdha pANI bharAI jatuM hatuM chatAM "A AgoTamAM ApaNe

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rema khristi thayuM. 187 nirbhaya chIe" evI mAnyatA utArUonI naheta te tethI paNa jAnanI khuvArI ochI thAta. A paNa eka gaja-kahe ke daivayoga. paraMtu have eve vega pharIne nahi bane, kAraNa ke kAraNa vinA kArya banatuM nathI e niyama sAce ja rahe che. chAparA uparathI naLIyuM paDayuM ane te ubhuM paDayuM ane tethI nIce cAlyA jatA mANasanuM maraNa thayuM e paNa eka daivega; ane AvA daivayoga kavacita kavacita bane che paNa kharA. paraMtu AvA yegane paNa hada hoya che. ane A hada upara tevA yoganI saMkhyA javA mAMDe ke turata ja temAM koI kAyade pravarte che evuM bhAna ApaNane thAya che. te kAyade ApaNane jaDI na Ave te jAdI vAta che, paNa kaIka kAyado tyAM che ja. pAsAnI ramatamAM pibAra vAraMvAra paDe te jANavuM ke temAM kAMIka daLe che. ItihAsamAM paNa aNIne samaye eka bAjunI hAra ke chata thavAthI aneka pariNAma judAM judAM AvI zake che. ApaNe to tenI eka ja bAju joIe chIe. kenInI laDAImAM vijya meLavyA pachI je hainIbAle remane sara karI bALI mUkayuM hatuM, te pachI romanA rAjyanI sarasAIthI je je banyuM che te banavA pAmata nahi, ane jUdI ja jAtanA rAjayanI sarasAIthI jUdAM ja pariNAma Avata; ane duniyAne itihAsa kadAca pharI jAta, ane tethI karIne dharmazAstrIo kadAca tenIbAlanI kArakIdIne camatkArarUpa mAnata. TUMkAmAM, uMDI ane niSpakSa tapAsa karyA vinA je vAta ApaNane samajAtI nathI tene ApaNe daivayoga ke camatkAra kahIe chIe. vijJAna-zAstranI dRSTie barAbara tapAsa karavI hoya te pratijJAnA viSayamAM bhAva sUcaka ane abhAvasUcaka bane jAtanA dRSTAMtinuM nirIkSaNa thavuM joIe. paraMtu camatkArane mAnanArA ghaNuM karIne saphaLa prasaMgenI vAta kare che, paNa niSphaLa prasaMgane dhyAnamAM letA nathI. teo kahe che; " juo sArvajanika prArthanA pachI varasAda kevo Avyo !" kharI vAta, paNa ghaNIvAra prArthanA karyA chatAM varasAda nathI Avyo tenuM kema ? AvI asaMgatatAne vicAra teo karatA nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa TalAka evA dharma-bhIra, hoya che ke dharmanI bAbatamAM zaMkA karavAmAM paNa teo pApa samaje che e zocanIya che.

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188 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. - ~~ ~~-~ IzvaranI vyavasthA evI che ke tethI karIne manuSyanAM sukha ane AbAdInuM kudaratI ane ghaNIvAra ati prabaLa kAraNa nIti thAya che e vAtanI, athavA ApaNuM naitika svabhAvane lIdhe keI uccatara zaktinA ati vAstavika, nikaTa ane sthAyI samAgamamAM ApaNe AvIe chIe evI mAnyatAnI, virUddha amAruM A badhuM kahevuM jAya che ema samajavAnuM nathI. jagata upara IzvaranuM svAmitva ame svIkArIe chIe, ane tethI sRSTi niyamomAM paNa vacce paDI temane ulaTAvavA hoya te te ulaTAvI zake ema dhAravAmAM ke virodha AvatuM nathI. tethI daivI camatkAra banavA azakya nathI, paNa te ApaNI A pRthvI upara te banatA nathI ema samajA mANasane saheje khAtrI thaze. tethI jyAM pUrA pUrata hoya tyAM camatkAra banavA ja azakya che ema kahI te vAtane tiraskArI devI na joIe. paraMtu lakSamAM rAkhavAnI vAta atra eTalI che ke keTalIka vakhate camatkAra mAnavAnuM mANasonA manamAM pUrva valaNa hoya che, ane tethI tevI vAta prasare che ane manAya che, ane pachI e ja vAte temanA pUrAvAmAM AgaLa mUkAya che. Ama te vAte mAtra kalpanAne ja khela banI rahe che. A vAta ghaNuMkharA lekhakanA dhyAnamAM rahetI nathI. hakikatanI zakyatA, ane pUrA kevI jAtane che te A be bAbate upara ja teo ghaNe bhAge dhyAna Ape che. ame je atra spaSTa karavA IcchIe chIe te eTaluM ja che ke kudaratI banAvanA pravAhamAM Izvara niraMtara vacce paDayA kare che e camatkArane prAthamika ane sAdAmAM sAdo vicAra hoya che, A vicAranI utpatti kAMIka kudaratanA kAyadAnI ajJAnatAne lIdhe, ane kAMIka zAstrIya paddhatie vicAra karavAnI asamarthatAne lIdhe thAya che; ane A vicAranI prabaLatAne lIdhe pite AgaLathI bAMdhI beThelA abhiprAyane baMdha besatI vAte ekaThI karavA mANase maMDI jAya che. ane e abhiprAyane je vAte asaMgata hoya te dhyAnamAM letA nathI. paraMtu A rIte te harakaI vAtane camatkAra karAvI zakAya. ane je mANasanAM mana vahemI kalpanAne prathamathI ja Ama adhIna thaI gayAM hoya che temanI bhrAMti kevaLa

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- roma khristi thayuM. 189 m an jJAnathI bhAMgI zakatI nathI. dAkhalA tarIke, svapnAmAM kAMIka devatAI aMza hoya che evI prAcIna lekanI dRDha mAnyatA hatI. svapna je sAcuM paDe paDe che tethI spaSTa bhaviSyakathana thayuM hatuM ema gaNAtuM. tethI ulaTuM ja je bane te khulAse evo thato ke kaI vakhate svapnamAM ulaTI vAtanuM paNa sUcana hoya che. je rUpakathI tene khulAse thaI zakate te kahetA ke rUpaka paNa divya prakAzanane eka prakAra che. je koI paNa prakAre tene khulAso thaI ja na zakato to kahetA ke ApaNane khAsa bhramita karavAne e rastA hate. Ama je vAta mAnavAnuM mANasone mana hoya che, te game te prakAre paNa teo mAne che, A pUrva-valaNanI prabaLatAne lIdhe ghaNI prajAoe kevaLa brAMtine paNa camatkAra rUpe mAnelI che. khristi dharmanI pUrva remamAM satata evI daDha mAnyatA hatI ke kaI meTa mAThe banAva banavAna hoya te AgaLathI kudaratamAM koI utpAta avazya thatA, ane baLIdAna ApavAthI te saMkaTanuM nivAraNa thatuM. A pramANe rAjAnA mRtyu samaye athavA koI sArvajanika anartha thavAnuM hoya tyAre keIne koI utpAta thate. tethI devavANInAM maMdIro ane bhaviSya jANavAnI kaLA tyAM ubhAM thayAM hatAM. AkhA yuropamAM eka samaye DAkaNano vahema prabaLa hate. IMglAMDanA itihAsanA ati ujavaLa kALamAM paNa e vehema hatuM ke kaMThamALanA rogIne roga rAjAnA sparzathI jato rahe che. ane aneka chokarAMone teTalA mATe rAjA pAse laI javAmAM AvatAM hatAM. e vahemane svIkAra kSapherDanA vizvavidyAlaye paNa karyo hato. paraMtu hAlanA samayamAM AvA vehema koI bhAgye ja mAnatuM haze. siddhAMtamAM camatkAranI azakyatA nathI, chatAM koI camatkAra bane e vAta ApaNe mAnatA nathI, kAraNa ke have ApaNe sArI rIte samajIe chIe ke mananI amuka avasthAmAM camatkAranI mAnyatA svAbhAvika che, ane e avasthA jatAM A mAnyatA paNa cUpa banI cAlI jAya che. - romanA itihAsamAM saikAe paryata vahemanI AvI prabaLatA jovAmAM

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190 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. Ave che e vAtathI kadAca koIne Azcarya lAgaze. paNa romanA leke bhoLA ane vahemI hatA e bInA ghaNI vAtothI samajI zakAya che. prathama to temanAM mana tatvadarzana pratye vadhAre vaLelA hatA tethI anya bAbatamAM bedarakAra rahetAM. vaLI bhUla upara chApavAnI kaLAne laIne aMkuza rahe che, paNa te kaLA hajI astitvamAM AvI nahatI; vaLI vijJAnazAstranI paddhatie zodhakhoLa karavAnI rItathI teo ajANa hatA; vaLI dharmanI bAbatamAM AsthA rAkhavI te sAruM gaNAtuM, ane saMzaya ke zaMkA karavAmAM pApa gaNAtuM. vaLI kudaratanA kAyadAnI ajJAnatAne lIdhe sRSTinA ghaNuM banAvI temane samajAtA nahi ane tethI camatkAra rUpe te samajAya to temAM navAI nathI. jyAre lukriziyase camatkAranI vAtane duniyAmAMthI dezanikAla karavAno prayAsa karavA mAMDe, tyAre ke tene pUchavA lAgyA ke kuvAnuM pANI unALA karatAM ziyALAmAM zA mATe vadhAre garama hoya che? grahaNa ane dhUmaketu AgAmI aniSTanAM cihane gaNutAM. svapnAnI asarane adhIna thaI mahAna ogasTasa bAdazAhe romanI zerIomAM bhIkha mAgI hatI. marakI, dharatIkaMpa tyAdi devanAM kRtya manAtAM, ane tethI devone baLIdAna apAtAM. AvA banAvone kudaratI khulAse ApavA kavacita kaI kaI prayAsa paNa karatA, paNa ghaNA kharA khulAsA te temanuM ajJAna ja sUcave che. dAkhalA tarIke, grIka leke kahetA ke jamInanI nIce rahelA pANInA jorathI dharatIkaMpa thAya che; tethI teo varUNane baLIdAna ApatA. ptinI kahetA ke pRthvInA peTamAMthI havA bahAra nIkaLavA jAya tyAre dharatIkaMpa thAya; ityAdi. vaLI jAdu ane jyotiSanA vicArone lekAe dhArmika AsthAothI judA pADayA hatA, ane tethI kevaLa nAstika paNa evA vehema mAnatA hatA. * jemanA ati buddhizALI ane ujavaLa samaya pachI paNa remanI AvI dazA hatI. bhUtapalIta ityAdinA vaheme pracalita hatA, eTale ja nahi paraMtu sRSTi vijJAnazAstramAM temanuM ajJAna eTaluM badhuM hatuM ke je banAvo adhyAtmika na manAtA hoya tevAmAM paNa teo ghaNuM vahemI hatA. temanAmAM ptinI meTe vijJAna-zAstrI thaI gayuM che. paNa te ja kaheto ke

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rema khristi thayuM. 19 kukaDe bele te vikrALamAM vikALa siMha paNa tharatharI jAya che; hAthIo paNa dhArmika kriyAo ujave che; sAbara pitAnA zvAsathI sApane tenA daramAMthI bahAra kADhI tene chuMdI mAre che; ityAdi ityAdi. jene turata tapAsa thaI zake ane nirNaya thaI zake evI bAbatamAM paNa te e ja bedhaDaka banI belato hato. dAkhalA tarIke, nayaNe keThe je mANasa sApanA mahemAM zuM to sApa turata marI jAya; AMkha upara thuMka cepaDavAthI keLAne sojo maTI jAya; mA pitAnA pratipakSIne mUkake mArIne je pitAnI hatheLImAM cuMke te tenuM duHkha maTI jAya; ane mAryA pahelAM tema kare to tene vedanA ghaNu vAya. erisToTala kahe ke dariyA kinAre dareka prANIo oTa vakhate ja mare che e navAinI vAta che. linIe tapAsa karI kahyuM ke e vAta mAtra mANasanA saMbaMdhamAM ja sAcI che. I. sa. 1727 mAM breisTa ane rezapharTamAM A bAbata viSe zAstrIya tapAsa thaI ane te vAta paNa khoTI pharI. Ama remanA atyaMta buddhizALI samayamAM paNa leke kai vicitra ke camatkArIka vAta AMkha mIcIne mAnavA keTalA utsuka hatA tenA dAkhalA je bhegA karavA mAMDIe te mATe graMtha bharAya. paraMtu AdhyAtmika bAbatamAM kesTanaTAIne thayo te pUrve deDha varasathI mIsaranA mIzra tattvajJAnathI lone vahemamAM ghaNo vadhAre thavA lAge hato e vAta paNa lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che. sisere ane senikAnAM lakhANamAM samayanI mAnyatAnuM yathAsthita pratibiMba nathI. epikyurasa ane sTeIka ItyAdi mate je vahemanI virUddha valaNavALA hatA te have remamAMthI adazya thaI gayA hatA. siserenA tattvadarzanane uddeza svataMtra vivecanAthI satyane nizcaya karavAnuM hatuM. piyAgo rAsanI philasuphIne udeza dhArmika kriyAothI cittane vizuddha karI tanmaya avasthA prApta karavAno hato. tethI thayuM ema ke dareka tattvadarzI jAduI kriyAomAM garaka thavA lAgyA ane temanA ziSya gurUe karelA camatkAranI vAto prasarAvavA lAgyA. A pramANe TayAnAne epeleniyasa je Isu khristane pratipakSI gaNAte hato te bhUta kADho, mAMdAne sAja

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192 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. * karato, eka yuvAna purUSa ke je DAkaNanA premanA pajAmAM phasAthe hatA tene eNe temAMthI mukta karyo ItyAdi enA aneka camatkAranI vAte thavA lAgI, ane dareka tattvadarzInA saMbaMdhamAM AvI vAte cAlatI ane manAtI. TAMga ane dhatIMga paNa thatAM hatAM. ' A pUrva-dezI pavananI tehenAtamAM aneka vehema ane camatkAranI kathAo cAlI AvI, ane A pavananI pAMkha upara caDI khristi dharma romanA sArvabhauma rAjayamAM praviSTa thaze. A khristidharma nItinI bAbatamAM bIjAthI bahu jAda paDato hato. paraMtu bIjA dharma jema camatakAranI vAte karatA tema khristidharma paNa tenI vAta karate, ane temAM koIne navAI lAgatI nahi. khristi dharmanA camatkAra badhA svIkAratA ane khristi vRddho paNa vidharmIonA camatkAra svIkAratA. dAkhalA tarIke, ghaNA vidharmI philasuphe deva-vANI nahotA mAnatA, paNa badhA khristi-vRddho tenI satyatA svIkAratA, ane temAM pitAnA dharmanI AgAhI karI che ema kahetA. devavANI dhatIMga che ema kahIne cheka i. sa. 1696 mAM vAnaDeIla nAmanA eka valaMdA dharmagurUe prathama tene InakAra karyo hate; tyAM sudhI khristi dharmamAM tenI satyatA svIkAravAmAM AvatI hatI. paraMtu jyuDiyAmAM prathama saikAmAM banelA camatkAronA satyAsatyane nirNaya karavAnI zakti trIjA saikAnA A mANasamAM hatI ema dhAravAmAM bhUla che. vaLI je samaye camatkAronI mAnyatA cAre bAjue prasarelI hatI te vakhate e camakAronI khAsa asara lekanA mana upara thaI hatI ema mAnavuM paNa bhUla bhareluM ja gaNAya. . kharuM kahIe te yahudI samayanA prAthamika camatkArenI satyatA ane roma khristi kema thayuM e be pra bhinna bhinna che ane temane eka bIjAthI alaga rAkhavA jAIe. arvAcIna samAjanA ane amuka prakAre vicAra karavAnI ApaNI Tevo vaDe ApaNe te samayanA lekhakenI tulanA karIe chIe; paNa arvAcIna kALanA ghaNAkharA vadhAre samaju vyapadezAo

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~: - V * - * roma khristi thayuM. " 193 (Apologists), yAhudI lekenuM atyaMta bhoLapaNa dhyAnamAM rAkhIne, A praznane mAtra pUrAvA uparathI ja siddha thate viSaya gaNavAnI nA pADe che, ane mukhyatve karIne ema batAvavAno prayatna kare che ke camatkAra banavA zakaya che, bAIbalamAM karelAM varNane evAM sAdAM ane saraLa che ke temanI satyatA mAnavI ja paDe che, ItyAdi. paraMtu jyAre rema khristi thayuM te samaye te camatkAronI vivejyukta esaArIka tapAsamAM leke utarI zake evA nahotA; ane khristi dharmanI sthApanAne mATe e camatkArane jhAjhe upaga paNa karavAmAM Avyo nathI. paraMtu bhaviSyakathanane purAvA tarIke vakhate AgaLa dharavAmAM AvatAM hatAM, paNa A bAbatamAM paNa te samayanA abhiprAyane nirjIvaja kahevo paDe che, kAraNa ke e bAbatanI paNa jhINuM tapAsamAM utaravA jevI yogyatA temanAmAM nahatI. vaLI bhaviSyakathanamAM rUpaka ane banAvaTanI seLabheLa eTalI badhI hatI ke temanA satyAsatyane nirNaya thavo agatyano chatAM muzkela thaI paDe e hate. arthAta A kAraNane lIdhe rema khristi thayuM hoya e vAta mAnatAM paNa sateSa upajatuM nathI. paraMtu yAhudI dharmamAMthI khristi dharmamAM utarI AvelI camatkAranI vAtathI lekanAM mana upara bhale asara na thaI hoya, paNa te samayanA khristi vRddho pite ja camatkArI hatA tethI rema khristi thayuM hoya che ? ane A bAbatamAM te samayanA khristi vRddho ghaNuM cekasatAthI bele che. A pramANe saMta ireniyasa. ApaNane khAtrI Ape che ke badhA khristiemAM camatkAra karI batAvavAnI zakti hatI; teo bhaviSya bhAkhatA, bhUta kADhatA; mAMdAne sAjA karatA, ane kaI kaI vakhata te muelAne paNa beThA karatA; A pramANe beThA thaelAmAMthI keTalAka te ghaNA varSa jIvatA, ane hamezAM aneka camatkAre evA evA banatA. saMta epike. niyasa kahe che ke nAnA camatkAranI sAkSImAM keTalIka nadIo ane jharAonAM pANI varSovarSa madya banI jatAM, ane eNe pite eka jharAmAMthI evuM pANI pIdhuM hatuM. saMta enasTAina kahe che ke agAunA karatAM camatkAra

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194 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. ochA banatA ane lekenI jANamAM ochA AvatA, tathApi hajI ghaNA banatA ane keTalAka te eNe pite najare joyA hatA ema e kahe che. jyAre koI camatkAra banyAnuM ene kahevAmAM AvatuM, tyAre tenI khAsa tapAsa e karAvata; ane sAkSIonI jubAnIe jAheramAM vaMcAvate. vaLI muelA dharmavIronAM hADakAM kayAM che tenI mAhitI svapnadvArA maLatI; ane te hADakAM jyAre lAvavAmAM AvatAM tyAre temanA sparzathI muelAM mANase sajIvana thatAM, AMdhaLIne AMkho AvatI, ane dIvAnA mANase DAhyA thaI jatA. AvA camatkAranI noMdha saMta oNgasTAIne pitAnA lakhANamAM lIdhI hatI ane AphrikAmAM tenI pUjA phelAvI hatI; ItyAdi aneka vAte khristi vRddhAe kahI che e vAta kharI; paraMtu ApaNuM projana atra eTaluM ja che ke sAcI hoya yA beTI heya, paNa evI addabhUta vAte khristi thaelAnI daDhatA vadhAre daDha karavAmAM ja kAma AvatI hatI; tethI vizeSa prayojana temanAthI saratuM nahi. paraMtu bhUta kADhavAne camatkAra prAthamika khristi saMsthAmAM bahu agatyanuM sthAna bhagavate hate. keTalAka roga IzvaranA mekalyA Ave che evI mAnyatAthI prAcIna kALanA leke paricita hatA, paraMtu grIsanA prAthamika kALamAM bhUtanA vaLagADathI leke ajANyA hatA ema jaNAya che. pleTanA tatvajJAnamAM, gaNa devo kiMvA DImo je ke devathI utaratA gaNAtA hatA, tathApi duSTa gaNatA nahatA, ane IzukhristanA avatAra pahelAM grIka ke romana lekamAM duSTa DImAne svIkAra thayo hoya e vAta ghaNI saMzaya paDatI che. paraMtu DImane daitya hoya che evI mAnyatA pUrva dezI vehenI, sAthe romamAM paDI ane tenI AMgaLIe vaLagADa ane bhUvAne dhaMdhe paNa romamAM dAkhala thaI gayAM. yAhudI leke ke je pitAnA dezamAM bhUtanA vaLagADavALAM mANaso haratAM pharatAM ghaNA jotA teo kahetA ke solemanA kanethI teo bhUta kADhavAnI vidyA zIkhyA hatA ane tethI teo temanA bhuvA thayA, ane ANa daIne athavA bArAsa nAmanA eka jAtanA camakArIka maLIo vaDe teo bhUta kADhatA. eka yahudIe eka mANasanA

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rAma khristi thayuM. nasakorAmAMthI A pramANe bhUtane kADhI mUkayuM hatuM ane tenI khAtrI karI ApavA te bhUvAnA hukamathI Aghe paDelA pANIne hAla te bhUte DhaLI nAkhyo hate. A camatkAra pite najare joyAnI sekasa vAta kare che. navIna oNTemata ane tenA jevI bIjI philasuphIone pracAra romamAM vadhI paDatAM A mAnyatAne Take maLavA lAgyA, ane bhuvAo vadhI paDayA, paraMtu bIjA badhA karatAM khristIo A dhaMdhAmAM prakhyAta thaI paDayA hatA. jasTina mAraTiranA samayathI base varSa paryata dareka khristi lekhaka gaMbhIratAthI ane spaSTa zabdomAM kahe che ke temanI A zakti sAcI hatI ane tene vAraMvAra upayoga thato hato. khristio paNa kahetA hatA ke bIjA badhA karatAM teo A bAbatamAM zreSTa hatA. teo kahetA hatA ke vidhamI bhuvAonA aneka jAdumaMtrathI paNa je haThIluM bhUta nIkaLatuM na hoya tene paNa kADhavA, deva vANIne cUpa karavA, ane bhUtane mehe ja khristI dharma sAce che e vAta kabula karAvatA, teo samartha hatA; ane tema karavAmAM teo mAtra kaMsa (svastika)nI nizAnI karatA athavA IzukhristanuM nAma detA. vakhate jAnavamAM bhUta bharAtuM te te paNa teo kADhatA. saMta hileriyane eka uMTamAMthI e pramANe bhUta kADhayuM hatuM. yuliyananA rAjyamAM dharmavIra bebalasanAM hADakAM ja mAtra DephanI devavANune cUpa karavA pUratAM hatAM, ane jyAre khristioe te pavitra hADakAne tyAMthI dUra karyo eTale te maMdIra upara vIjaLI paDI ane te baLI gayuM. saMta gregarImeTaragase eka mUrtivALA maMdIramAMthI pizAcone hAMkI kADhayAM, tyAre pitAnI AjIvikAnuM sAdhana jatuM rahevAthI tene pUjArI saMtanI pAse Avyo ane saMtane vinavavA lAgyuM ke te maMdIranI deva-vANI pAchI cAlu thavA devI. tethI karIne setAna pAchA Ava" evI saMte cIThThI lakhI, ane setAna pAcho maMdIramAM turataja dAkhala thayA. A camatkArathI digamUDha banI te pUjArI khristi thaI gaye. dharmane nAme jyAre bristio upara julama ane trAsa gujAravAmAM AvatuM hatuM, tyAre vidharmIone udezIne lakhatAM Tarazuliyana chAtI ThokIne kahe che ke "vaLagADavALA game te mANasane athavA te pitAne

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196 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, devI preraNA thAya che ema je kumArikAo ke pegaMbare mAnatA hoya temane kaI khristinI AgaLa lAve, ane te khristinA praznanA javAbamAM pitAnI kharekharI jAta kabula karavAnI te pizAcane jarUra ja paDaze. ane tema na bane te te khristine mArI nAkhavA tame mukhatyAra che, ane eTalAthI ja ema siddha thAya che ke britidharma pavitra ane divya che." jasTina mAraTira ityAdi lekhaka kahe che ke bhUtanA vaLagADavALA manuSyanI samakSa athavA pitAne daivI preraNA thAya che ema mAnatA manuSyanI hAjarImAM jyAre koI khristi prArthanA karavA lAgate, athavA phusanI nizAnI karate, athavA izukhristanuM nAma de tyAre te manuSya bumabarADA pADatuM ane hAtha paga pachADI bhayaMkara rIte pitAnuM zarIra maraDatuM ane pachI temAM rahele pizAca pite kANu che te kahe. A badhuM vidharmIonI jANamAM hatuM ema keTalAka khristi lekhake kahe che. eka bAbatamAM bhUta kADhavAne camatkAra pUrAvA tarIke bahu kAmamAM Avata; kAraNa ke eka DImana kiMvA bhUta bIjAne kADhe nahi, tethI khasusa karIne divya camatkAra te e ja hato, ema teo kahetA. A kathananI asara leke upara kevI thaI hatI te jANavAnAM sAdhana ApaNI pAse lagabhaga nathI, kAraNa ke khristi dharma virUddha lakhANone nAza khristi zehenazAhae karAvI nAkhyo hate. paraMtu je DI ghaNI mAhitI ApaNane maLe che, teTalA uparathI eTaluM te siddha thAya che ke kaLavAelA varga upara enI jhAjhI asara thaI nahotI. AgaLanA tattvavettAonA lakhANamAM jIvanI prakRti ane AdhyAtmika sRSTinI ghaNI ukApeha chatAM vaLagADanI vAtanuM temAM sUcana paNa nathI; tethI jaNAya che ke temanA samayamAM te vAta agatyanI gaNAtI nahotI athavA leke te vAta bahu mAnatA nahotA. lUTArka duSTa pizAcenuM astitva svIkArate ane devavANIonI bahu tarapheNa karate, paNa vaLagADanI vAtane vahema kahI tira skAra. mArkasa oreliyasa kahe ke jAdugare, dhUtArA ane bhUta kADhanAra bhavAne mAnavA nahi evuM ane zIkhavavA mATe tatvavettA DAyeganeTasane

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rAma khristi thayuM. 197 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ tenA upara bahu upakAra hatA. lyuziyana kahe che ke luccA jAdugarane khristionA bhoLapaNane lAbha laI khristi thaI javAnuM ane pitAnI sthiti AbAda karI levAnuM tethI bahu phAvatuM. yuvAna ane bhoLA vargamAM khristio pitAnI cAlAkI batAvatA ema sensasa kahete. alpiyananA kAyadAmAM evA khristione gunegAra gaNyA hatA ema dhAravAmAM Ave che. arvAcIna samayamAM thatI vivecanAthI paNa A bAbatamAM kAMIka ajavALuM paDe che. avalokana karatAM evuM jaNAyuM che ke vaLagADanAM cihna dIvAnApaNuM ane vAInAM cihane ghaNAM maLatAM Ave che; dabadabA bharelI dhArmika kriyAothI e darada maTe ke thAya e vAta bane tevI che; evA vyAdhimAM sUcaka savAla pUchavAmAM Ave te dhArelA javAba maLI zake che; ane khristi vRddhonAM lakhANe tapAsatAM mAlama paDe che ke badhA daradIo sArA thaI zakyA nathI, tema ekavAra maTayA pachI te darada pAchuM daradIne na thAya evuM paNa hamezAM banyuM nathI. vaLI ema paNa jaNAyuM che ke bhUta kADhavAne paravAne khristiomAMthI jene joIe tene prathama maLato; dhArmika dhutArAonA e jamAnAmAM ane vaLI khristi gurUe ghaNuM bheLA hovAthI, AvA paravAnAthI ThagArAone ghaNI sagavaDatA maLatI; cothA saikAmAM jyAre leDeziyananI sabhAmAM evuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM ke mukhya dharmagurU jene kahe tene ja te sattA ApavI, tyAre evA camatkAra tvarAthI ochI thaI gayA ane pAMcamA saikAnI zarUAtamAM ja pisiDeniyasa nAmanA vaiSe vaLagADanA astitvane inakAra karyo hato. sArAMza ke rema khriti kema thayuM? e praznanuM nirAkaraNa karavAmAM pUrAvAnI vyavasthAne agatyanuM sthAna prApta thatuM nathI. A pUrAvAmAM cAra prakAranA camatkArene samAveza thAya che; yahudI dharmamAMthI utarI AvelA aitihAsika camatkAra; samakAlIna khristi konA camatkAra; bhaviSya kathano ane AgAhIo; ane bhUta kADhavAne pracAra. aitihAsika vivecanAnI apUrNatAne lIdhe prathama prakAranA camahmarane apIla karavI nakAmI hatI.

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198 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa, camatkArIka ane jAduI zaktione ati vistRta pracAra hovAne lIdhe bIjA prakAranA camatkArane apIla karavI te paNa nakAmuM hatuM; kAraNa ke evA camatkAronI khAsa asara thatI nahi. trIjA ane cothA prakAranA camakArene saMbaMdha dharmanI mAnanIyatA sAthe rahe che ane temane mATe remamAM lAMbA kALathI mAna ane zraddhA hatAM. ane keTalAMka kAraNone lIdhe cothA prakAranA camatkAra e vakhate ghaNuM agatyanA thaI paDyA hatA. paraMtu chellA be prakAranI asara paNa kevaLa gaNu ja hatI ema niHzaMkapaNe kahI zakAya che. tyAre rAma khristi kema thayuM? e prazna te ubho ja rahe che. A pakSane javAba jamAnAnA sAmAnya valaNemAMthI ApaNane maLI Ave che. rAmane samaya cheka badalAI gayuM hata; saMzaya ane zraddhAnI mizraNayukta eka meTI caLavaLa cAlu thaI hatI, ane lekenI rItabhAta, vRtti ane vicAramAM gaMbhIra pheraphAra thaI gayA hatA, A vAta pAchalA praka thI vAMcanArane vidita che. vinAzAtmaka vivecanAthI jUnA dharma badhA naSTa thaI gayA hatA, ane kaI navIna dharma Ave te tene Azraya levA leke usuka banI rahyA hatA. Ama kaI paNa dharmane mATe tatpara banelA ramamAM aneka dharma ane tatvajJAnanA aneka siddhAMto upari padane mATe sarasAI karavA lAgyA hatA. keLavAelA vargamAM, prauDha paNa aprApya bhavyatAne upadeza Apato ane lAgaNIonA TekAne, anya duniyAnI AzAne ane bhaktinA dilAsAne tiraskAra karate, sakhata Ika mata keTaleka samaye mAnya rahyA hatA; paNa jamAnAnI dharmabhAvanAne piSavAnuM sAmarthya temAM jyAre na jaNAyuM tyAre sadya teno lepa thaI gaye. anya vargomAM eka pachI eka dharmo AvIne javA lAgyA. yahudIo upara je ke ghaNuM kArahane lIdhe remana lekene aMTasa ho, tathApi temane dharma bahu prasaravA lAge; kAraNa ke temAM ekezvaravAda, dayA ane bhUta kADhavAnI vidyA hatI. ema kahevAya che ke zahenazAha bAnu pipIAe te dharma svIkAryo hate. minI bIone te dharmanI kriyAo atyaMta vahAlI hatI, ane tenA tehevAthI te bahu paricita thayA hatA. bIjA pUrva-dezI dharmo, ane temAM

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" roma khristi thayuM. 198 paNa misarane dharma te ghaNe vijayI thayo hato, ane hajAra te prati AkarSAtA hatA. tethI misaranA devonI pUjA romamAM thavA lAgI ane leke misaramAM jAtrAe javA lAgyAM. joke kevaLa vehemI ane bhoLA thaI gayA. devavANuo je cUpa thaI gaI hatI te pAchI saMbhaLAvA lAgI dareka zaheramAM jezIo ubharAvA lAgyA; camatkArIka kathAonuM vAtAvaraNa tattvadarzIonI AsapAsa baMdhAvA lAgyuM; ane cAre tarapha dhArmika vahemonI jALa patharAI javA lAgI. Ama dareka sthaLe mANaso pitAnA sthAnika dharmathI asaMtuSTa thaI dharmabhAvanAnI tRSAthI pIDAvA lAgyA ane ke navIna dharma ulaTabhera zodhavA lAgyA. A samaya AvatAM khristi dharma pitAnI sarvopari sattA sthApI dIdhI, kAraNa ke e dharmamAM sattA ane AkarSaNanAM bhinna bhinna to ghaNuM hatAM. yAhudInA dharmanI paDe temAM sthAnika baMdhano nahotAM, ane tethI dareka prajA ane temane te anukULa thaI paDyuM. Ika matanI peThe temAM lAgaNIonI avagaNanA nahatI, tethI sahRdaya bhakitanI prabaLa mohIni temAM rahI hatI. misaranA dharmamAM vyAvahArIka nItine abhAva hatuM, paNa A dharmamAM vyavahAropayogI zuddha ane nirmaLa nItine upadeza hato. cAre taraphathI sAmAjIka ane prajAkIya seLabheLa thatI hatI te vakhate sArvatrika bhrAtRbhAvanI bAMga eNe lalakArI. lekamAM kamaLa lAgaNIo AvavA lAgI hatI, te eNe paNa premanI atyaMta pavitratAne baMdha karyo. IzukhristanA jIvanamAMthI maLatA upadezane lIdhe gulAmone to e dharma eka meTa AzirvAda ane dalAsArUpa thaI paDe, ane gulAmenuM jera e samaye ghaNuM hatuM. sTaIka mata ane pleTonA matanuM temAM saMmizraNa hovAthI tattvadardIone paNa te rU. camatkAranI vAtane lIdhe sAmAnya lekane paNa te bhAvate thaze. kenI samakSa prema ane dayAnAM draSTibiMdu eNe AgaLa dha. dharmanI mArAmArI ane matamatAMtaranA jhaghaDA jyAre thatA hatA tyAre eNe e dharma AgaLa karyo ke jenuM pratipAdana tarkathI nahi paNa AsthAcIja thaI zake. " hRdayavaDe mANasa dhArmikatA mAne che." "je mArAM

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200 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. pitAnI IcchA Acare che te jANaze ke te siddhAMta prabhune che;" "AsthA vinA tame samajI zakaze nahi;" ItyAdi vAkyothI, duniyA upara khristi dharme prathama asara kevI upajAvelI hovI joIe te jaNAya che. saghaLA mahAna dharmonI peThe, te dharma paNa magaja karatAM hRdayanI sAthe vadhAre saMbaddha hate. manuSya jAtanA AdhyAtmika svabhAva sAthe tenA upadezanuM sAMgatya hatuM e ja tenI phatehanuM mukhya kAraNa hatuM. manuSyonA hRdayamAM tenAM mULa uMDA sthApita thayAM tenuM kAraNa e che ke jamAnAnI naitika bhAvanAnuM yathAsthita pratibiMba temAM hatuM, jamAnAne jevA upadezanI jarUra hatI temaja upadeza eNe Ave; lekenI dhArmika taSA tenAthI chIpe ema hatuM. AkarSaNanAM A badhAM tenI sAthe bIjA prakAranAM AkarSaNa paNa temAM hatAM. e dharmane AdhAra mAtra naitika bhAvanA ke vicAranI vyavasthA ke camatkArIka manuSyonA samudAya upara ja naha; e badhuM temAM hatuM, ane uparAMta temAM vizeSa paNa hatuM; kAraNa ke apUrva kuzaLatA ane caturAIthI upajAvelI saMsthArUpa e dharma hato. tethI e dharmanA anuyAyIo utsAhI rahetA, evA ke pitAnI jIMdagIne bhega ApIne paNa pitAne dharma te pALatA. vidharmIonI devapUjAmAM dharma-zAMti ghaNuM rahetI, ane se deva sarakhA" e sUtra upara lekene nirvAha thatuM. paNa khristi dharmamAM AvI dharma-zAMti bilakula nahatI. pitAno ja dharma khare che, bIjA badhA dharmo pizAcI che ane temane nAza karavA pite janamyo che ema dareka khristie avazya mAnavuM ja joIe evo te dharmane mukhya upadeza hato. AthI karIne te dharmane utsAha Akare, chIMDAM zodha ane chatAM uttama rIte vyavasthita hatA. ane aneka prakAranI dhArmika kriyA ane vyavasthAthI A AsthAnuM daDhIkaraNa thatuM. dharmanI bAbatamAM kevaLa AsthA ja phaLe che e sUtra AgaLa AvyuM, ane tethI khristio ema mAnatA ke mukti te mAtra khristi dharmathI ja maLe che, tethI khristio badhA svargamAM jaze; bAkI badhA narakamAM jaze. A vAtathI lekanAM mana upara bahu asara thatI. DahApaNu, dayA, prema ane sakhtAI e badhAM to eka sAthe e dharmamAM

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hatAM. tethI jUdA jUdA uddezathI judAM judAM mANase temAM bhaLatAM. uparAMta bIjI lAlace paNa temAM ghaNI hatI. tenA jUdA jUdA adhikArIone moTI moTI sattA ApavAmAM AvatI. e dharmane mATe je kaI pitAne jIva Ape te A duniyAmAM ene kIrti maLatI ane paralokamAM svarga maLatuM. vaLI tenA mRtadehane bhapakAthI dATavAmAM AvatuM; tenA smAraka cihanonI lagabhaga pUjA thatI; tenI saMvatsarI varSo varSa ujavAtI; ane tenA para kamenuM maTI moTI sabhAomAM gAna thatuM. tethI karIne asaMkhya khristioe potAnA dharmane mATe jAna ApavAmAM pAchI pAnI karI nathI; ane mRtyune mAzuka mAnI mANase premathI ene bheTayAM che. eka ja dAkhale basa thaze. saMta parapeThuA tenA mAbApane ekanI eka dIkarI hatI; te bAvIza varSanI yuvAna hatI ane mAtA hatI; eNe khristi dharmane svIkAra karyo hato ane nyAyAdhIza AgaLa tene ekarAra karI pitAnuM mRtyu eNe mAgyuM. tenA bApe tene ghaNuM ghaNuM vinavI; tene page paDe, roye, kakaLyo ane enA upara dayA karI pitAnI haTha choDI devA ene kAlAvAlA karyo. jo ke tenuM hRdaya aMdarathI cIrAI jatuM hatuM, chatAM eka maTI te be thaI nahi. ane je dharma tene ema kahetA hatA ke tene bApa narakamAM jaze te dharmane pitAnA bApa karatAM paNa vadhAre priya gaNI, te maravAne taiyAra thaI ane marI gai. AvA aneka dAkhalA ItihAsamAMthI maLe che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa eka vakhata te eka nAnA gAmaDAnI AkhI vastI e pramANe maravAne taiyAra thaI hatI. A pramANe khristi dharmamAM aDaga AsthA, naitika utsAha ane saMpUrNa vyavasthA mukhya hatAM. AvA dharmanI phateha thAya te te vAstavika che, ane temAM camatkAranI vAta kAMI nathI. - je lekhake A khulAsAne vAstavika gaNatA nathI teo ema kahe che ke khristi dharmane mAthe julama thavAmAM bAkI rahI nathI; ane chatAM te dharma romamAM pravarte kema? e vAta samajI zakAya evI nathI; arthAta te vAta eka camatkArarUpa che. tethI A jalama bAbata atra kAMIka vicAravuM ucita che.

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202 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, - jyAre koI rAjakartA koI dharma athavA matane baLathI dAbI devAnuM kare che tyAre tenAM kAraNe ghaNAM bhinna bhinna hoya che e vAta spaSTa che. kavacita te kAraNe naitika hoya che, kAraNa ke te dharmathI sIdhI ke ADakatarI rIte anIti upajatI hoya che; kavacit teM kAraNe dhArmika hoya che, kAraNa ke e dharma Izvarane racato nathI ema te mAnatA hoya che; kavacita te kAraNe rAjakIya heya che, kAraNa ke tethI rAjyane ke rAjyanA amalane nukasAna thatuM hoya che; athavA kavacita te kAraNe bhraSTa ke duSTa hoya che, kAraNa ke koI lebha ke veranI vRttine saMtoSavAnI tene za thAya che. tethI jyAre dharma saMbaMdhI julamanI vAta ApaNe sAMbhaLIe, tyAre AmAMthI kayA kAraNa athavA kAraNone lIdhe te julama thaye che tene ApaNe barAbara vicAra kare ghaTe che. have khristi gurUonI uzkeraNIthI thaele dhArmika julama bIjA julama karatAM vadhAre lAMbA vakhata sudhI Takele che, ane vadhAre cekasa tathA sakhata hate. amuka prakArane dharma je pALatA temanA upara e julamane trAsa thaye che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa amuka vicAra jemanA hoya temanA upara paNa e trAsa varatAle che. A dharma gurUo ema mAnatA ke kharA dhArmika matathI ja mANasanI sadgati thAya che, tethI dharmanI bAbatamAM je bhrAMti hoya te te pApa che. AthI teo brAMta khristione satAvavA lAgyA ane A satAvaNIne lIdhe manuSya-jAtane AgaLa vadhavAmAM ghaNI aDacaNa ane aTakAyata thaelI che; ane temanA julamathI lokone trAsa paNa ghaNe thaele che. pitAnA dharmamAM aDaga AsthA hevI te uttama pratine dhArmika sadAcAra gaNatA hovAthI, pitAnI ja bhUla vakhate thatI haze to? evI zaMkA paNa temane upajatI nahi; tethI A julama temaNe satat jArI rAkhyo. ane tethI dharmanI sattA jyAre ochI thaI tyAre ja lakone sukha upajyuM. . vaLI temanA dhArmika graMthamAMthI nItine e siddhAMta upasthita thata hato ke dharmane mATe mANasanI katala karavAmAM pApa nathI; ane jAstI

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rema khristi thayuM. ~~ ~-~~-~~~-~~-~- ~~gujArIne paNa mUrtipUjAne ucheda kare e kartavya che ane te dvArA bIjA dharma pratye asahiSNutA temanAmAM AvI gaI. uparAMta teo ema paNa mAnatA ke paralokamAM nAstikanI adhogati evI te bhuMDI thAya che ke tenI AgaLa A duniyAnuM duHkha kAMI hisAbamAM ja nathI. tethI game te upAye paNa temanI bhrAMti maTADavI ja joIe. jo ke prasaMgopAta keAI vyakitanA khAnagI kAraNone lIdhe A jAtane julama thayo haze, tathApi eka dare dhArmika julamanAM A kAraNo svAbhAvika che, ane temanAthI te julamano khulAso thaI zake che. kesTanTAinanA vakhatamAM khristi dharma rAjyadharma thayo, ane A julamanI zarUAta paNa tyArathI ja thaI. pachI jyAre buddhi-svAtaMtryane pavana yuropamAM vAyo tyAre ja lehIthI rakta banelI talavAra dharmagurUonA hAthamAMthI heDI paDI. dhArmika julamane saMpUrNa ItihAsa "yuropamAM buddhi-svAtaMtryane udaya" e nAmanA anya pustakamAM apAelo che. "amArA dharmamAM ja sadgati che, anya koImAM nathI ja' evI daDha mAnyatAne lIdhe ja A dhArmika julama thayo che e niHsaMzaya che. keTalAka arvAcIna lekhake ahIM prazna kare che ke vidharmIomAM evI mAnyatA nahotI chatAM temanAmAM e julama kema thayo che? teno javAba eTale ja ke dhArmika julamanAM bhinna bhinna kAraNa hoya che e vAta prathama thI ja ame kahI che. khristi guonA saMbaMdhamAM uparanAM kAraNe sAcAM ja che; paraMtu vidharmIomAM tenAM kAraNe kAMIka rAjakIya ane kAMIka dhArmika hatAM. pitAnAM rAjya ane sAmAjIka saMsthAone sAcavI daDha karavAM e uddeza grIka lene mukhya hatA; ane A udeze nAnI nAnI bAbatamAM paNa lekenA rItarIvAjanuM niyamana rAjyanA kAyadAthI thatuM. videzIya rItarIvAja pratye temane avizvAsa ane agame hatA. vaLI subhAgya ke durbhAyunA dAtA deva hovAthI, dhArmika kriyAo barAbara na thAya te pitAnA zahera upara saMkaTa Ave evI temanI mAnyatA hatI; ane uparanI vAtane TekArUpa te thatI. AvAM kAraNone lIdhe grIka rAjyanI asahiSNutA vadhI

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. paDI hatI ane tethI tyAM tatvaciMtakone satAvavAmAM AvyA hatA. paraMtu chevaTe vicAranI svataMtratA grIsamAM lekone prApta thaI hatI. . remanA prAthamika samayamAM dharma rAjakIya hato ane tenI mukhya mukhya kriyAo rAjasabhAnA ja hukamathI thatI. "pitAnA dharmamAM ja zreya che, pArakA dhamamAM bhaya che" e temanuM sUtra hatuM, ane pitAnI rAjanItine AbAda karavA teo ne ArAdhatA. chatAM chatAelI prajAnA dharma pratye temanI sahiSNutA puSkaLa hatI, ane tethI dareka dharmanA devane rAmanA sipAIo mAna ApatA. paNa dharmane rAjya taraphathI satAvaNI thatI nahi. DraIDa nAmanA dharma gurUo naramedha karatA teja mAtra temaNe aTakAvyo hato. paradezamAM AvI rAjanIti remana lekae grahaNa karI hatI. paraMtu ITAlImAM paradezIonAM aneka ToLe ToLAM AvavA lAgyAM hatAM. temane tevI svataMtratA ApavI ke kema te jude ja prazna hatA. A bAbata barAbara samajavA mATe vicAranI svataMtratA ane dharmanI svataMtratA A be vAtone eka bIjAthI alaga rAkhI te saMbaMdhI remamAM te vakhate zI sthiti hatI te jovAnI jarUra che. romanA rAjyamAM lokone vicAra-svAtaMtraya puSkaLa hatuM, ane tatvaciMtake potAnA siddhAMtane lakSIne game te bele ane game te lakhe, to paNa rAjya taraphathI koI tene satAvatuM nahi. je rAjya virUddha teo kAMI bolatA ke lakhatA te alabata temanI khabara levAtI. paraMtu dhArmika kriyAonI bAbatamAM remanA rAjyakartAoe ulaTI ja nIti grahaNa karI hatI. iTAlImAM romanA de ja pUjAya e temano Agraha hate. eka vakhate sakhata dukALa paDatAM leke navA devane pUjavA lAgyA tyAre rAjya taraphathI tenI badhI thaI hatI. videzIya devanAM maMdIre teDI pADavAnA kAyadA ane dAkhalA remanA ItihAsamAMthI maLI Ave che. e uparathI ema jaNAya che ke dharmanI bAbatamAM remamAM dabANa hatuM kharuM. paNa . A nItinuM grahaNa prajAnuM aikya ane lazkarI baMdobasta jALavavAnI khAtara ja thayuM hatuM. kavacita ke dharmamAM samAelAM naitika duSaNonI khAtara paNa

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rema khristi thayuM. 205 tenA upara aMkuza melavAmAM AvatA. paraMtu prajAkIya rAja-taMtranI AMtarika vyavasthA zahenazAhatanA samayamAM cAlI zakaze nahi e vAta jyAre spaSTa thaI, tyAre badalAI gaelA samayane rAjakartAoe khullA dilathI svIkArI lIdhe ane remamAM saghaLA dharmone saMpUrNa svataMtratA prApta thaI. mAtra khristi dharma ja temAMthI bahiSkAra pAme. te paNa hajI eka bAbatamAM rema makkama rahyuM hatuM. remavAsIo game te dharma mAne ane pALe temAM rAjayane kAMI aDacaNa nahotI, paraMtu pitAnA dezamAM apAtA baLIdAnamAM bhAga levAnuM ane bIjI keTalIka dhArmika kriyA karavAnuM temane baMdhana hatuM. ane je kAMI satAvaNI thaI hoya te A bAbatane laIne ja thaI che. eka lekhakanA kahevA pramANe remana leke pitAnA dharmanA traNa vibhAga pADatAH purANa athavA kathA-bhAga; A kathAene tatvaciMtake je khulAse ApatA te athavA temanA uparathI je siddhAMta baMdhAto te; ane kriyamANa bhAga athavA rAjya taraphathI je dhArmika kriyAo thatI te. prathama bemAM lekenA upara koI aMkuza nahatA. paraMtu trIjo bhAga sarakAre pitAnA hAthamAM rAkhyo hato ane temAM lekene bilakula svataMtratA nahotI; kAraNa ke janasamUhane evo daDha vizvAsa hato ke je dene saMtuSTa karavAmAM na Ave te jarUra rAjya upara saMkaTa Ave ja, * ane A bAbatamAM tattvaciMtake paNa anumodana ApatA hatA. vidharmItatvaciMtake satya-premI hatA e nirvivAda che, paraMtu jene pote eka jAtane vehema gaNatA hoya tyAM pitAnI hAjarIthI temAM saMmati ApavI e eka prakAranuM dhArmika jUThANuM che evA nItinA siddhAMtathI teo kevaLa ajJAta hatA. A dhArmika kriyAo vakhate hAjara rahevAnI potAnI pharaja che ema saMzayAtmavAdIo paNa samajatA; ane sai kahetA ke pitAnA dezanA rItarIvAjane mAna ApavAnI darekanI pharaja che. paraMtu yAhudI ane khristione tyAM hAjarI ApavAmAM eka jAtanI chetarapIMDI lAgatI, ane tethI teo ja mAtra te kriyAomAM bhAga letA nahi. chatAM yAhudIone A bAbatamAM ghaNuM karIne satAvavAmAM AvyA nathI. vaLI remanA zahenazAha paNa deva

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206 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa, tarIke pUjAvA lAgyA hatA ane temanI mUrtio AgaLa dhUpa karavAmAM rAjabhakti gaNAtI hatI. A vAta paNa khristione pasaMda AvatI nahi, kAraNa ke temAM temane asaMgatatA lAgatI. sArAMza ke ramanA prAcIna prajAtaMtranI asahiSNutA sArvabhauma rAjyanA samayamAM lagabhaga naSTa thaI gaI hatI. vicAramAM ane dalIlamAM saMpUrNa chUTa hatI. videzI meM pALavAnI paNa Akhare chUTa thaI hatI. rAjyanI dhArmika kriothI paNa alaga rahevAnI raTa yAhudIone ghaNuM karIne maLatI hatI. tyAre khristione ja zA mATe satAvavAmAM AvyA hatA ? e prazna haTa ubho rahe che. deza upara je koI paNa saMkaTa AvatuM to te sajA rUpe ke cetavaNI rUpe devanuM mokaleluM AvyuM che evI dara zraddhA prAcInakALanA dharmane pAyo hate e vAta AgaLa kahevAI gaI che. te vakhatanI AvI mAnyatAne lIdhe khristione satAvavAmAM AvatA hatA. dukALa paDato ke marakI AvatI te dhArmika kriyAo barAbara thAya che ke kema? tenI jhINI tapAsa thatI. ane jene deza mAlama paDatA tene sakhata zikSA thatI. A dharma-kriyAomAM * yAhudIo ane khristio bane bhAga letA nahi. paNa yahudI dharma pitAnI mULa sthitine ja vaLagI rahenAro hatA ane cAre tarapha phelAI javAnAM to temAM nahotAM. tethI para che te dharatI dhAstI nahotI, paraMtu khristio te mULathI ja potAnA dharmane phelAvo karavAnA saMta utsAhI hatA. khristi pAdarIo ghaNuM karIne vaTalelA mane ja hatA; ane teo eTalA badhA te utsAhI rahetA ke keTalAka paragaNAmAM remanAM deva-maMdIra sAva khAlI thaI gayAM hatAM, vaLI khristio bIjA badhA dharmone setAnanA dharma kahI jyAre bane tyAre temanuM apamAna karavA cUkatA nahi. yahudIo tema karatA nahi. tethI karIne rAjyamAM kharekharA pAkhaMDIo khristio ja gaNAvA lAgyA, ane tethI veDemI lekanA jhanunI krodhane bhega paNa teo ja thavA lAgyA. rasAda na Ave te bistionA pApaDane lIdhe. dharatI

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roma pristi thayuM. 207 kaMpa thAya che temAM paNa khristione ja deSa. AvI mAnyatAthI leke temane herAna karavA lAgyA. khristio ramanA denA duzmana gaNatAM. - saMkaTa ane Aphata izvaranAM mokalyAM Ave che e siddhAMta te khristio pote paNa svIkAratA; paNa teo sAmA ema kahetA ke tame amane herAna karo cho mATe Izvara tamane herAna kare che athavA tame mUrtipUjake che tethI Izvara tamArA upara kApe che. arthAta A siddhAMtane upaga pitAnA dharmanA phelAvA mATe teo karatA. teo kahetA ke prathama khristi pAdazAha kensTanTAInanI chata thaI ane tethI tenI sattA jAmI e khristi dharmanA pratApe. eriyasanuM akALa mRtyu thayuM e ja batAvI Ape che ke ene mata khATo hate. AthI karIne remanA deva pratye mananI azraddhA thavA lAgI. paraMtu temanuM rAjya vakhAvAnAM spaSTa cihune jyAre jaNavA mAMDayAM tyAre romanA devo pratye pAchI romana lokonI AsthA tAjI thaI ane khristi dharmane gabharAmaNa thaI ane remanI sAthe pitAnA nasIba saMkaLAelAM dhArI bhinna bhinna khulAsA khristio ApavA lAgyA. paraMtu jayAre jaMgalIonAM lazkarothI remanI sattA nAbuda thaI tyAre nAza pAmelA romanA sAmrAjyanA saMbaMdhathI mokaLo thaI khristidharma kahevA lAgyo ke e nAzanI AgAhI prathamathI ja e dharmamAM thaI hatI ane e nAzamAM Izvarane nyAya hate. AthI karIne jaMgalIo upara e dharmanI bhavyatAnI asara thaI ane teo dabAI gayA. khristi dharmamAM Ave tene Izvara khAsa sahAya kare che e siddhAMta asudharelA vargone khristi banAvavAmAM bahu kAma lAge che. jyAre baragaMDInA lokene huNa lekAe harAvyA, tyAre chevaTanA upAya tarIke AkhI baragaMDI prajA khristi thaI gaI. kreka leke paNa evI ja rIte khristi thayA; ane yuropamAM e dharma prasaravA lAge. madhyakALamAM ane te pachI saikAo sudhI, dareka meTA banAvane yutipUrvaka samajAvI khristi gurUo pitAnA dharmanuM mahAmya vadhAratA hatA. koI rAjA marI jatA te khristio kahetA ke khristi dharma virUddha phalANuM phalANuM kAma

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208 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. eNe karyuM hatuM tethI te mu. paraMtu dhIme dhIme AvI mAnyatAne asta thaye, ane lekanAM mana upara have evI vAtanI asara thatI nathI. pitAnA devenI avagaNanA thavAthI deza upara Aphata Ave che e eka dhArmika kAraNa khristione satAvavAnuM hatuM. uparAMta temAM rAjakIya kAraNa paNa hatuM. bristi dharma eka meTuM, saMpUrNa vyavasthita ane ghaNI bAbatamAM gupta, maMDaLa hatuM, ane tethI rAjyane enI dhAstI rahetI. koI maMDaLI ke meLA bAbata romanA sAmrAjyamAM bahu cIvaTa rahetI, kAraNa ke temAMthI baLavo jAge. khristi dharmanA anuyAyIonI pitAnA dharma pratye bhakita rAjya-bhakita karatAM paNa vizeSa hatI e vAta prasiddha hatI ane AkhA rAjyamAM e dharmanI sattA vacce jatI hatI. tethI svAbhAvika rIte ja vidharmIo A navIna maMDaLane rAjyamAM dhAstIkAraka dhAre te temAM temane deSa gaNAya nahi. vaLI khristi dharmanI asarane lIdhe mane laDAyaka jusse naSTa thaI jatuM hatuM, ane e jussA vinA rAjya nabhI zake tema nahotuM. rAjyavirUddha kAvatrAmAM koI khristie kadi bhAga lIdhe nathI, tema temane bevaphA batAvI Ape evuM koI bAhya cina paNa temanA AcaraNamAM jaNAtuM nahotuM e vAta kharI, tathApi A maMDalanA siddhAMta ane uddezanI samajaNa e vakhate ghaNI apUrNa hatI, ane remana leke pitAnI mAMhomAMhe vAtacitamAM temane duzmana kahI saMbodhatA, ane keTalIka bAbatamAM bristionI vartaNuka paNa milanasAra ane maLatAvaDI nahatI. vaLI khristio kahetA ke badhA vidhamae kAyamane mATe narakamAM jaze ane remana rAjyanA asta thavAne che. uparAMta e vakhate ema paNa manAtuM ke khristio ekAMtamAM bhegAM thaI dIvA elavI atyaMta anAcAra AcaratA hatA. A vAta hAla kaI mAnatuM nathI. paraMtu khristio keTalIka dhArmika kriyAo. gupta rIte karatA tethI, temanAM prIti-bhejanathI, ane badhA khristio IzunuM eka zarIra ane sahabhAgI avayava che evuM teo kahetA tethI, evAM ALa temanAM upara caDavA pAmyAM hatAM. vaLI khristio e vakhate yAhudI lokenI eka

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wwwww rema khristi thayuM. 209 jAta manAtI hatI, ane yahudI leke badhA mUrtipUjakone dhikAratA ane vakhate vakhata rAjya sAme baLavo karatA hatA. bIjI rIte joIe te cAhudIo khristione dharmabhraSTa ane dezadrohI gaNAtA hatA, kAraNa ke jerUselamanA gherAmAM briti yAhudIoe temane bilakula sahAya ApI nahatI; ityAdi aneka kAraNone lIdhe yAhudIo ane khristio eka bIjAne aMtaHkaraNathI dhikkAratA hatA ane eka bIjA upara lAga AvyuM ALa caDAvavA cUkatA nahi. vaLI te samayamAM eka prakArane advaita mata mAnanArA pAkhaMDIe AvA adhama anAcAramAM pravRtta thatA hatA evuM te samayanA keTalAka lekha uparathI jaNAya che. paraMtu romana nyAyAdhIzonI najaramAM A badhA mata ane pAkhaMDI ja hatA, ane tethI khristi virUddha mUkAta tehamato paNa teo mAnatA. temanI satAvaNInuM bIjuM kAraNa e che ke khristi upadezake remanI ghaNI strIone vaTalAvI potAnA dharmamAM lAvavA zakitamAna thayA hatA; tethI remanA kaiTuMbika jIvanamAM geravizvAsa AvavAthI te jIvana temane ati akAruM thaI paDayuM. strInA manane pitAne pati paramezvararUpa ho joIe. paNa dharmane nAme jyAM strI pitAnA patinI avagaNanA kare tyAM kauTuMbika prema ane sukhanA te sAMsAM ja samajavAM. vaLI khristi leke te samaye bhUta kADhavAmAM ghaNuM kuzala gaNAtA hatA. sudharelo varga A vAtane vahema gaNI tenA upara nApasaMda najarathI jete hatA, paNa sAdhAraNa vargamAM e zakitane lIdhe kapriya bahu thavAnuM e vAta ApaNe AgaLa kahI che. paraMtu A kAraNane lIdhe khristione ghaNuM karIne satAvavAmAM AvatA nahotA. jAdu ane dhantara maMtarane vehema e samaye lekemAM bahu pracalita hatuM, paNa rAjya e bAbata upara dRSTi rAkhatuM nahi. have pachI rAjyagAdI kone maLaze ? ityAdi rAjakIya bAbato jANavA prayAsa jyAre jAduthI thatuM tyAre tevA jAdunI pUrepUrI khabara rAya letuM hatuM, paraMtu khristioe evo prayAsa kadi karyAne dAkhala maLatuM nathI. paraMtu kalpanAne bhaDakAvI buddhine parataMtra karavAne

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210 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. dhArmika dhAstIo upajAvI lekanAM mana uzkeravAne, je kaI prayAsa kare te tenI cIDa vidharmIone ghaNI hatI; ane ghaNuM ja gaMbhIra prakArane gune teo tene gaNatA hatA. have khristi ema kahetA ke khristio sivAya AkhI duniyA narakamAM paDavAnI che ane narakanuM bahu bIhAmaNuM citra teo ApatA; ane ajJAnI ane nirbaLa mananA mANasa upara enI bahu asara thatI. tethI ja mArakasa oreliyase kAyade karyo hato ke AvI vartaNuka je cala tene eka beTamAM deza-nikAla kare. paraMtu temanI satAvaNInuM mukhya kAraNa te e che ke bIjAnA dharma pratye temanI asahiSNutA ane aMTasa ghaNAM hatAM. je dharma bIjA dharmanI IrSyA na kare te dharma pachI game te hoya te paNa te cAlavA devAne romana leke lagabhaga taiyAra hatA. paNa khristi upadezake te kahetA ke bIjA badhA dharmo setAnanA che ane te badhA dharmonA anuyAyIonI adhegati ja cokkasa che. tethI badhAne khristi karavAne temane Agraha hato. tethI karIne badhA mUrtipUjakAnuM teo apamAna karatA ane temanI mUrti one paNa apamAna ApatA. AthI karIne rAjanItine jANavAvALA purUSo uzkerAI jatA ane kahetA ke AvA dharmane cAlavA devAthI anya dharmonI svataMtratA raheze nahi; ane pAchaLathI sarvoparI sattA maLatAM kethelika dharma dhamane nAme trAsa paNa ghaNe varatAvyuM che. dharmanI bAbatamAM tIvra asahiSNutA pristi dhamAM na hatI. bIjA saikAmAM paNa teoe niyama karyo hato ke nAstika ke ahi kAra pAmelA koI mANasa sAthe koI khristie koI paNa jAtane vahevAra rAkhe nahi. AthI karIne ghaNuM lakonI aMdagI jhera samAna thaI paDatI; ane teoe vartAvelA keranA aneka dAkhalA tihAsamAMthI maLI Ave che. A pramANe briti dharmanA dhasArAthI anya dharmonI svataMtratAne bhaya upanyo hatoeTaluM ja nahi paNa vicAra ane vANInI svataMtratA ke je remanI saMskRtinAM uttama phaLa hatAM temane paNa jokhama hatuM. khristi dharma mANasanA vicAra ane vartana upara paNa amala calAvavAnI pitAnI sattA

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rema khristi thayuM. 211 che ema mAnato, tethI tenA upadezake dharmanI bAbatamAM pitAthI bhinna paDatA abhiprAyane ghAtakI guna gaNatA ane tema belatA. have vicAra arne vANunI svataMtratA remana lekene ghaNI priya hatI. paraMtu A svataMtratAne aMta aMte khristi dharma Apyo ane te punaH prApta karatAM saikAnA saikA vahI gayA. khristiomAM sArA guNo paNa ghaNu hatA. sItamane samaye khristi dharmavIranI anupama hiMmata, ane temanA zuddha, kamaLa ane pavitra sadAcAronI prazaMsA ApaNe jeTalI karIe teTalI ochI che; chatAM uparanA kAraNene lIdhe temane satAvavAmAM AvyA hoya te temAM Azcarya pAmavA jevuM kazuM nathI. temanA sItamagArenI vartaNuka kevaLa geravAjabI hatI ema ApaNAthI kahI zakAtuM nathI. vaLI taravAranA prANaghAtaka belene lIdhe vidharmIomAM mANasa jAtanA zArIrika duHkhanI bedarakArI ane lehInI tRSA AvI hatI e vAtathI vaLI e sItama vadhAre sahelAIthI samajI zakAya che. khristio to ema mAnatA hatA ke mANasanI saddagati te amArA matathI ja che, tethI teo dharmane nAme sItama kare te te jANe ThIka; paNa remanA vidhamIone e siddhAMta mAnya nahota; chatAM temaNe sItama kema karyo ? e praznanI jarAe muMjhavaNa have upalA vicA ne lIdhe rahI nahi. vaLI ethI ema paNa siddha thAya che ke remanA, zahenazAhane sItama game te sakhata ane kare te chatAM te e jAthaka ane cAlu nathI rahyo ke jethI karIne samayanA saMjogamAM rahelI vizALa naitika, sAmAjIka ane mAnasika zakitao dabAI jAya, ane A zaktio ja khristi dharmane prasarAvavAmAM sahAyaka thaI che. mATe AvA kaThIna samayamAM paNa khristi dharma tarI Ave te Izvarane camatkAra che e vAta khetI che. A sItamanI DIka tavArIkha tapAsatAM A vAta spaSTa thaze. evuM jaNAya che ke remamAM khristi dharma prathama dAkhala thayo tyAre tenI sAme virUddhatA bilakula batAvavAmAM AvI nahotI.

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212 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. I. sa. 64 nA Akhara bhAgamAM nIrae e sItamanI prathama zarUAta karI; kAraNa ke rAmane Aga lagADavAnuM ALa khristi ne mAthe mUkAyuM hatuM. romamAM bristionI saMkhyA te vakhate vadhI gaI hatI ane teo lokapriya bilakula nahetAM. keTalAkane jaMgalI jAnavaranI khAla paherAvI kutarAo pAse phADI nakhAvyA hatA. keTalAkane DAmaranAM kapaDAM paherAvI nIranA bagIcAmAM jIvatA bALI mUkyA hatA. keTalAkane phasa upara coDI dIdhA hatA. Ama aneka muA hatA. i. sa. 68 mAM nIre marI ga. pachI ra7 varSa sudhI khristione saMpUrNa zAMti rahI hatI. paraMtu DemiziyananA samayamAM I. sa. 95 mAM pADe cheDe samaya temanA upara julama thayo hato. A julamanuM kAraNa barAbara jaNAyuM nathI. paraMtu khristi dharma jevI majabuta saMsthA upara asara karI zake evA prakArane A julama nahatA. I. sa. 96 mAM naravA gAdIe AvyuM tyArathI te I. sa. 180 mAM mArakasa oreliyasa gata prANa thaze tyAMsudhIne samaya lekane zAMti ane sukhane hate. ane te samaya khristione paNa agatyane nIvaDe, kAraNa ke A samayamAM khristionI saMkhyA ghaNI vadhI ane evI sattA e dharma jamAvI dIdhI ke rAjyamAM eka agatyanI saMsthA e dharma gaNavA lAge; ane game tevA bhayaMkara humalA tenA upara thAya te paNa te TakI zake evI tenAmAM zakti AvI. A corAzI varSamAM chUTA chavAyA julama khristio upara prAMtamAM thayA che, paNa tethI dharmane dhakako lAge evuM kaI vina AvyuM nathI; ane remamAM bristio jAheramAM pitAne dharma nirbhayatAthI pALatA. kavacita khristione anukULa kAyadAo paNa thatA; ane banI zake teTaluM temanuM saMrakSaNa thatuM. atyAra sudhI yahudI dharmanI zAkhA rUpa te dharma gaNAta hatA, paNa have te svataMtra jUdo dharma gaNAvA lAge; ane yAhudIo virUddha kAyadAo thatA temAMthI khristione mukti maLavA lAgI. paraMtu mArakasa oreliyasanA rAjyanA cheka Akhara samayamAM khristio virUddha pharamAna nIkaLavA lAgyAM. AvA kamaLa ane sArA mANase sAtamanuM kAma kema hAthamAM lIdhuM haze tenuM ApaNane anumAna ja karavAnuM

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ema khristi thayuM. 213 rahe che. khristi dharmanAM baMdhAraNa ane vyavasthA have eka rAjyanA jevAM thaI paDyAM hatAM ane tenAM dRSTibiMdu romanA rAjyathI tadana bhinna hatAM. to pachI temanuM rAjya AvI saMsthAne pitAnA rAjyamAM kema cAlavA de? vaLI manuSya-bhakSaNa ane anItinA Aropa khristio upara A vakhate pUrNa jesathI mUkAvA lAgyA hatA; ityAdi kAraNene lIdhe te julama karavA pravRtta thayo haze. ane tenA jhanuna ane hAkemanI nabaLAIne lIdhe enA vakhatane julama trAsadAyaka thaI paDyo hato. paraMtu A sItama traNa ke cAra prAtamAM ja thayo hato. AkhA rAjyamAMthI khristi dharmane nirmULa karavAno e prayAsa hatA. I. sa. 180 mAM mArakasa oreliyasa gujarI gayo tyArathI te i. sa. 249 mAM Desiyasa taptanazIna thayo tyAM sudhI 68 varSane eka kAla ApaNe gaNIe te te kALamAM khristi dharma ghaNo vagavALo ane sattAvAna thaI paDyo hata; ane rAjyamAM ane lazkaramAM ghaNe bhAge te arasAmAM moTA moTA adhikAra upara khristi hatA. tethI havethI temanA upara thatA sItamanuM svarUpa vadhAre vadhAre rAjakIya thatuM gayuM. bristionI saMsthA have rAjyamAM eka jokhamakAraka tatva gaNAvA lAgyuM ane tethI tene dAbI devAne prayatna thavA lAge. chatAM A 69 varSamAM mAtra e ja vakhata khristionI zAMtino bhaMga thayo hato. te sivAya temane herAnagati thaI nahotI. alekjhAMDara severasa te temane aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka sahAya Apato. philipa paNa temane bahu anukULa hato, eTale badhA ke jaLa-saMskAra nAmanI bristi dharmanI kriyA paNa eNe kyanuM kahevAya che. paNa te vAta vizvasanIya nathI. A pramANe khristi dharmane Do ramamAM ropavAmAM Avyo tyArathI lagabhaga base varSane ItihAsa ApaNe je. A arasAmAM je ke khristio upara prasaMgopAta julama thayuM che ane temaNe hiMmatathI sahana karyo che, paraMtu kadAca nInA sItama sivAya bIje kaI julama e nahI te ke jethI karIne te dharma rAjyamAMthI nirmala thaI jAya. mArakasa

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ra14 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. oreliyasanA samayamAM smina ane lAyansamAM sthAnika julama ghaNe thaye hata; serasanA samayamAM AphrikA ane eziyAI pratimAM julama thaye hato; vaLI sArvajanika ramatagamatanA gabharATamAM athavA te rela ane dharatIkaMpane lIdhe daMgAphasAda paNa thatA; paraMtu pitAnA dharmanI virUddha je je hoya tene kacerI mAravAne khristi dharma pate pAchaLathI jevo satata, janA pUrvaka ghaDI kADhele ane sArvatrika julama karyo che tevo A jUlama nahe. romanA rAjyamAM dareka bhAgamAM vakhatovakhata AkhA jamAnA paryata khristione zAMti rahI che. eziyA mAInora ane gaulamAM - lisanA samaya pUrva ke khristine prANa samarpaNa karavAno vakhata Avyo nahe. nIranA samaya pachI iTAlImAM paNa moTe bhAge zAMti rahI hatI. khristione rAjyamAM ane lazkaramAM adhikAra maLatA hatA. khristio upara julama thayo che e vAta kharI, paNa khristioe pite karelA jUlama jevo e nahote. remanA vizALa rAjyamAM lazkara rAjyanI sarahada upara rahetuM hatuM; piolisanI vyavasthA jAhera rastAmAM thatA raMTa krisAda aTakAvavA pUratI ja hatI; sarakAra taraphathI keLavaNIne kAMIka uttejana maLavA lAgyuM hatuM, paNa keLavaNI upara pitAne ja kAbu rAkhavAne sarakArane prayAsa bilakula hato nahi; ane mAbApe ke dharmaguruo pitAne phAve tevI bALakane keLavaNI ApavA svataMtra hatA. gulAmone lIdhe lahIAnI saMkhyA vadhavAthI graMthane bahu phelAvo thaI zakata; mAtra rAjakIya graMtha upara sakhata dekharekha rakhAtI. paraMtu anya prakAranA graMtho upara koI paNa jAtane aMkuza nahoto. TUMkAmAM, je vakhate lokemAM udArabuddhi ane dharma-kSAMti vizeSa hatAM, je vakhate rAjyamAM sarvane puSkaLa chUTa ane svataMtratA prApta hatI, je vakhate rAjAo ghaNuM karIne dharmanI bAbatamAM saMpUrNa bedarakAra hatA, ane je vakhate cAre pAsa saMgenI anukuLatA hatI, te vakhate ja khristio pitAnA dharmano phelAvo karavAne prayAsa karavA maMDI gayA hatA. che paraMtu I. sa. ra48 mAM Desiyasana kara julama zarU thayo. A jU

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rAma khristi thayuM. 215 lamane uddeza kharekhara bhayaMkara hato, ane khristi dharmane duniyAmAMthI nAbuda karavAnA vicAre AkhA rAjyamAM e karavAmAM Avyo hato. A sItamamAM je krUratA vaparANuM che tene khyAla ApavA zabdo paNa samartha nathI. dhImI dhImI aneka jAtanI rIbAmaNIthI ane aneka jAtanA upadravathI khristio tharatharI gayA. lAMbe vakhata zAMtinuM sukha bhogaveluM hovAthI ane vaLI samayanA durAcArathI dUSita thavAne lIdhe teo have nirvIrya thaI gayA hatA; ane vilAsamAM vidharmIonI harIphAI karatA hatA. khristi dharmagurUo paNa rAjayamAM adhikAra meLavavAnA IMtejAra hatA. A samaye A sAtamanuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke hajAre khristio pAchA mUrtipUjaka thavA lAgyA, ane Ama khristi dharmanI avanati thavA lAgI. paraMtu khristi dharmanA subhAge A sItama mAtra be varSa ja cAlu rahyo; ane temAM paNa khristione jAnathI mArI nAkhavAno temano udeza nahote, paNa rIbAvI rIbAvIne temane khristi dharma tajAvavAno Azaya hato. ane atyaMta rIbAvavA chatAM jyAre khristio pitAno dharma choDatA nahi, tyAre ghaNuM kharone cheDI mUkavAmAM AvatA. atyAra sudhI remamAM kabrastAnanAM bhoMyarAM ( CataCombs) pavitra gaNAtAM hatAM; paNa A sImamAM te jagAnI pavitratAne paNu jAlamagAre gaNakArI nahotI. be varSa pachI Desiyasa gUjarI gayo ane A sItama gheDe vakhata baMdha paDayo. paNa I. sa. 260 sudhI te avAra navAra cAlu ja rahyA hatA. A agIAra varSa khristi saMsthAne bhAre ane bahu hAnikAraka nIvaDyAM che. temAM remanA cAra te meTA dharmAdhyakSe muA hatA. bIjA jUlanI peThe A sAtamanuM kAraNa paNa rAjakIya hatuM, ane temAM lekenuM jhanuna bhaLyuM hatuM; kAraNa ke leka-mAnyatA evI hatI ke sthAnika devenI upekSA thavAne lIdhe deza upara Aphata paDatI hatI. rAjakIya Aphatane lIdhe remana rAjyane asta najIka lAgatA hatA, ane temAM ma. * rakI ane dukALanI Aphato umerAI hatI. A badhI Aphata khristione lIdhe Ave che evI mAnyatAne lIdhe temane herAna karavAmAM AvatA hatA. A Aphatane khristio paNa keve rUpe samajatA hatA te saMta sAIpriyananA

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216 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. eka lekha uparathI spaSTa samajAya che. A saMtane khAtrI hatI ke duniyAne have prazya thavA beTho che. te kahe ke duniyA have ati vRddha thaI gaI che, kudaratanI zakitaomAMthI satva lagabhaga jatuM rahyuM che, pRthvImAM rasa rahyo nathI ane saghaLI vastuone nAza samIpa che. IzvaranI virUddha baLavo karatI prajAne cetavaNI ApavA marakI ane dukALa Ave che, mUrtipUje ke vizvAsIone kanaDe che, eja duniyAne nAza sUcave che, kAraNa ke te viparIta krama che; ItyAdi. paraMtu pachI cAlIza varSa daramyAna pAcho khristione lagabhaga zAMtine samaya hato. e arasAmAM khristio prAMtanA hAkema nImAtA ane temane baLIdAnanI kriyAmAMthI khAsa mukta karavAmAM AvatA. bristi dharmAdhyakSone ghaNuM mAna ApavAmAM AvatuM. rAjamahelamAM cAkare paNa khristio hatA ane temanI rAja-bhakina vakhaNAtI. zaheranA dareka bhAgamAM khristinAM devaLe baMdhAyAM, ane mAtra remamAM ja evAM devaLo cAlIza hatAM. paraMtu I. sa. 303 mAM DAkaleziyanane atyaMta krUra julama zarU thayo. A jUthamanAM kAraNe paNa AgaLanA jevAM ja hatAM; tethI temanI punarUkti karavAnI jarUra nathI. sehenazAhe prayama pharamAna kAvyuM ke khristionAM devaLo ane bAIbalane nAza kare; khristione keda karavA, ane temane mArI mArIne paNa baLIdAnanI kriyA temanI pAse karAvavI. prathama te temanI jIMdagIne jokhama nahotuM. paNa pachI te temane jIvatA bALI nAkhavAmAM AvatA. ane zArIrika vyathA ane julama e te trAsadAyaka lAgatAM ke temanI AgaLa mRtyu paNa dayA rUpa gaNAtuM. A julama lagabhaga daza varSa cAlu rahyo. paraMtu i. sa. 313 mAM konsTanaTAIne khristi dharma svIkAryo ane tethI te rAja-dharma thaze ane khristionI durdazAno aMta Avyo. A pramANe itihAsa tapAsatAM khristio upara thaele julama khristione nirmala kare tevo nahote ema jaNAya che. te paNa eka vAta lAkSamAM

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kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 217 rAkhavA jevI che ane te e che ke vidharmIone julama svarUpe ghaNA ja ghAtakI hatI ane te bhUlamamAM mANasane ghaNI ja krUra rIte rIbAvavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. keTalAkane tapAvelA leDhAnI khurazI upara besAravAmAM Avato; keTalAkanuM mAMsa cIpIAvatI teDavAmAM AvatuM; keTalIka kumArikAene taravAranA prANaghAtaka khele karanArAne soMpI devAmAM AvatI; keTalAkanI AMkho khotarI kADhavAmAM AvatI; keTalAkanA hAtha ke paganI naso kheMcI levAmAM AvatI; ItyAdi. A trAsa ane julama pitAnA dharmanI khAtara jemaNe sahana karyo che temanA pratye te ApaNI pUjya-buddhi rahevI joie. prakaraNa 4 thuM. kesTanaTAinathI zAlamena sudhI. - khristidharmanI phateha remamAM kyAM kAraNone lIdhe thaI? tathA kevA prakAranA julamanI sAme tene TakI rahevAnuM hatuM ? te ApaNe joyuM. paraMtu A navA dharma je naitika dRSTibiMdu remamAM dAkhala karyuM tenuM svarUpa kevuM hatuM? tathA kevI rIte A dRSTibiMdu manuSyanA vyAvahArika jIvanamAM utarI zakyuM? te jovAnuM have ApaNane rahe che. keTalAka kahe che ke mArakasa oreliyasa ke senikAnA graMthamAM samAelAM upadeza vAkayonI sAthe khristi dharmanAM nIti-vA sarakhAvatAM khristi dharmanA upadezanI zreSThatA spaSTa sAbIta thAya che ane tethI ja khristi dharmane lIdhe yurepamAM naitika unnati thaI che. paraMtu A kathana yogya nathI e saheja vicAratAM samajAya tevuM che. vidharmIonuM nItizAstra tattvajJAnane bhAga hatuM. khristionuM nItizAstra dharmane bhAga hatuM. ane tattvajJAnI badhA thaI zakatA na hovAthI,

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ra18 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. jana-samUha upara tenI jhAjhI asara thatI nathI. paraMtu khristionuM nItazAstra vizALa dharma-saMsthAnAM bhakti, AzA ane dhAstIomAM otapreta hovAthI, keLavAelA ane bIna keLavAelA badhA upara tenI prabaLa asara thaI zakI che. bhaviSya kahevuM, vizvanI utpatti samajAvavI, Aratane dUra karavI, ane devenI sahAya meLavavI eTalAja udeza vidhama dharmanA mukhya karIne hatA. paraMtu jAhera upadeza ane prArthanA, pAdarIo pAse pApanI kabulata, bAIbalanuM vAMcana, dhArmika keLavaNa, amuka dhArmika kriyAmAM bhAga levA mATe AcaraNanI Avazyaka pavitratA-AmAMnuM kai te dharmomAM nahotuM. arthAta nItine upadeza kare e svataMtra varga vidharmIomAM nahoto. vaLI tavaMdaSTie kartavyane je khulAse teo ApatA te devamaMdiramAM thatI dhArmika kriyAo joDe kAI paNa rIte saMbaMdhita thate nahi. A banne pradezone ekatra karavAthI arthAta dharmamAM naitika keLavaNIne otaprata karavAthI kemAM evI mAnyatA Ave che ke dhArmika kriyAo barAbara karavAthI naitika vizuddhi prApta thAya che ane tethI IzvaranA sAkSAt saMbaMdhamAM AvI zakAya che, ane AvI IcchA lekamAM prabaLa hoya che e prasiddha vAta che. A raste khristi dharma lIdhe che. pithAgeriyane paNa kahetA ke dhArmika kriyAo karavAthI cittanI vizuddhi thAya che, ane pUrvadezI dhamAM ghA karIne prAyazcitanI vAta sAmAnya hoya che e vAta kharI, tathApi dharmanA svarUpamAMja nItine vaNI devAnuM mukhya kArya khristi dharma ja karyuM che. ane je rIte bane te rIte lekene nItine upadeza ApIne temane ucca mArgamAM vALavA e parama kartavya khristi dharma pitAnuM gamyuM che ane khristi dharmanA pratApeja IzvaranuM svarUpa, AtmAnuM amaratva, ane mANasanAM kartavya ke jevA ke prAcIna buddhimAna purUSe bhAgye ja samajI zakatA te have gharagatu ane ati sAmAnya thaI paDI che. paraMtu te dharmanA graMthomAM samAelA upadezanAM sauMdarya ane dhArmika kriyAonI saMpUrNatA uparAMta sadAcAranAM navAM prayojana paNa e dharma svIkAryA na heta to ATalI saphaLate tene prApta thAta nahi, A navA pro.

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kelTaTAinathI zArlamena sudhI. 219 jane kAM te svArthI hoya ane kAM te niHsvAthI hoya. A banne jAtanAM prajanane upayoga eNe karyo che. prathama te palaka viSe ane pApanA svarUpa viSe evA vicAra e dharma phelAvyA ke tethI lokonA jIvanamAM jabare pheraphAra thaI gaye. vidharmIomAM paraleka sabaMdhI bhAvanA aspaSTa ane anizcita hatI; tethI A duniyAnA pApamAM aTakAyata rUpa e siddhAMta te nahi. khristi dharmamAM paralekanuM tIvra citra che. muA pachI pApIo. satata duHkha bhogave che, mANasa janmathI ja pApI che, ane jIMdagInAM dareka nAnAM moTAM kAryone badale paralokamAM jarUra maLe che, AvA AvA siddhAM. tithI maratI vakhate khristio je pazcAtApa karatA hatA te vidharmaomAM kadi thatA nahi. nAnAmAM nAne doSa ke jenA pratye A duniyAmAM kevaLa durlakSa ja dAkhavavAmAM Ave ane jenAthI koIne kazuM nukasAna thatuM na hoya te paNa tevA kAryane hisAba muA pachI Apa paDe che ane tethI paralekamAM satata duHkha sahana karavuM paDe che evA siddhAMtanI asara e samaye leke upara gaMbhIra prakAranI thaI hatI. vidharmIonI daSTi sadAcAra uparaja hatI, khristionI daSTi pApa upara hatI. pavitratAnAM saidacenAM vakhANa karIne mANasane sudhAravA prayAsa vidharmIo karatA khristio pazcAtApanI lAgaNIne jAgrata karI sudhAravAno prayAsa karatA. dareka paddhatimAM guNa deSa rahelA che. tatvajJAnamAM mANasane aiDha banAvI unnata karavAnI yogyatA hatI, paNa mANasane puna:uddhAra e karI zakatuM nahi. sadAcArane tethI protsAhana maLatuM, paNa tethI durAcAra aTaka nahi. tethI sadAcArano zokha che ane vadhatA ane ghaNAM mANase tethI sadAcAra pratye AkarSAtAM; paNa ekavAra mANasa pUrepUre patita thato te tene uddhAra tattvajJAna karI zakatuM nahi; britidharma evAne paNa uddhAra karI zakato. je mANasane sadAcAranAM seMdarya ke bhavyatAnuM bhAna thatuM nathI te mANasa paNa paralekanI bIkathI sudharI sadAcArI thAya che e anubhave siddha vAta che.

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220 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa, paraMtu A paddhatimAM eka geraphAyado paNa che. pApanuM bhAna niraMtara najara samukha rAkhatAM jana svabhAvamAM sadAcAranuM tatva ja nathI ema kahevAnuM ane mana thaI jAya che ane tethI jana-svabhAvane meTa anyAya apAya che. DAI mANasa kevaLa durAcArI hotA nathI. moTAmAM meTA durAcArImAM koIka mATe saguNa paNa hoya che. ane khristi dharmanuM valaNa paNa zarUAtamAM evuM ja hatuM. DevinA kirtanamAM kahyuM che ke vyabhicArI ane khunI mANasamAM paNa kAMika kulInatA, komaLatA ane naitika utsAhane aza raheluM hoya che. paraMtu AgaLa jatAM khristi dharma uparokta doSamAMthI mukta rahyo nahi, ane janasvabhAvane e te bhraSTa eNe citaryo ke kevaLa IzvaranA anugraha vinA mANasanI mukti nathI e siddhAMta temAM mukhya thaI paDyo. have A vAta khoTI che e eTalAthI ja siddha che ke durAcAra nahi, paNa sadAcAra ja manuSya-svabhAvane vyAvartaka dharma che, kAraNa ke samajIne sadAcAra mAtra manuSya ja AcarI zake che. kAmAsakti, karatA, svArtha ke rAgadveSa te jUdA jUdA prANIomAM paNa hoya che. arthAt AhAra, bhaya, IchA ane maithuna mANasanI peThe itara prANIomAM paNa hoya che, paraMtu pitAnA hRdayanI bhAvanAonuM vargIkaraNa karIne, pitAnI vAsanAonA prabaLa pravAhanI sAmA thaIne paNa, je sArI hoya tene anusaravAnI zakti mAtra manuSyamAM ja rahelI che. vaLI saMskArane lIdhe jenAmAM naitika vikAsa thayo che evA mANasanA vartanamAM nAsA karatAM sAruM vadhAre hoya che. kuratA karatAM paropakAra-vRtti mANasomAM vizeSa jovAmAM Ave che: pArakAnuM duHkha joIne rAjI thanArA bahu ja thoDA hoya che, paNa dayALu ghaNA hoya che, ane potAne lAbha karanArane upakAra ja mANase ghaNuM karIne mAne che, paNa upakAra upara apakAra karanArA te koika ja hoya che. vaLI Atma-bhAga ane sujanatA prati mANasanI anutti svAbhAvika rIte ja vaLe che, ane durAcAra te ApaNA manamAM je valaNe jAte nirdoSa ja che temanI atizayatA ke vikRtirUpa ja hoya che. TUMkamAM, sadAcAra ApaNI prakRti che, durAcAra mAtra vikRti che,

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kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 21 vvvvvvvvvvvvvv paraMtu manuSya svabhAva cheka ja bhraSTa che evI je atizayokti keTalAka preTesTaMTa mAM jovAmAM Ave che tevI atizayokti prathama traNa saikAmAM khristi dharmamAM nahatI. pApanuM bhAna te prathamathI ja khristidharmamAM hatuM. paraMtu jana-svabhAvamAM rahelA sai nyane te samaye InakAra thatuM nahote. khristidharma pApa karatAM bhrAMtimAMthI mukta vadhAre kare che ema te samaye manAtuM hatuM. janmathI ja mANasa pApI che ke kema? te saMbaMdhI pelejIyase ubhI karelI carcA, saMta ogasTAInane upadeza, ane tapavRttinI vRddhi A kAraNone lIdhe mANasa kevaLa bhraSTa che e siddhAMta dhIme dhIme AgaLa Avyo, ane tethI ghaNuM adhama vehe temAM pAchaLathI pesI gayA. paraMtu A pApanA vicArane upayoga naitika keLavaNImAM khristi dharma kevI rIte karyo che te have ApaNe joIe. prabhu-bhojana nAmanI kriyA khristi dharmamAM ghaNI agatyanI gaNAya che. e bhojanamAM bhAga levAthI mANasa amara thAya che evI mAnyatA khristionI hatI. keTalAka khristi vRddho ema paNa kahetA ke sAmAnya rIte e bhajanamAM bhAga lIdhA vinA keIno mokSa thai ja zake nahi. bALakane paNa e bhojananI prasAdI ApavAmAM AvatI ane puNa umaranAM mANaso to e prasAdI roja letAM. keTaleka ThekANe e prasAdI aThavADIAmAM cAra vakhata levAtI. A kriyAmAM koIne bhAga levA de ke kema? e pAdarIonA hAthanI vAta hatI; ane A kriyA pratye lekamAM eTalI badhI pUjya buddhi hatI ke tene mATe pAda. rIo je kahetA te karavA leke taiyAra thatA. pAdarIo kahetA ke je mANasa nItimAna hoya te ja e kriyAmAM bhAga laI zake. tethI kaI mANase kAMI pApa karyuM hoya te tenuM prAyazcita karyA pachI ja te emAM bhAga laI zakata. ane dhArmika kriyAmAMthI lAMbo kALa alagatA, paraNyA pUrvene brahmacaryane bhaMga, vezyAvRtti, vyabhicAra, taravAranA prANaghAtaka khelane dhaMdhe ke nATakanI raMgabhUmi upara khelADIne baMdha, mUrtipUjA, khistio upara julama karanAranI sAthe bhaLI khristio pratye dagAphaTakA, ane sRSTi-virUddha maithuna

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AMAA rarara yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ityAdi kRtyane gunA TharAvI temanAM judAM judAM pApane mATe zikSAnA krama paNa temaNe karAvyA hatA. nAnA nAnA gunAne mATe thoDAM aThavADIAM sudhI A kriyAmAM bhAga levAnI baMdhI thatI. vadhAre moTA gunAne mATe eka varasa, daza varasa ke vakhate jIMdagI paryata paNa baMdhI thatI. kavacit janmajanma paNa emAM bhAga laI na zaM, evI zikSA thatI. ane A zikSAne kALa prAyazcitakALa gaNAto ane temAM gunegAre keTalAMka trata pALavA paDatAM; dAkhalA tarIke tenAthI te kALamAM strI-saMga na thAya, keda paNa jAtanI meja majAmAM tenAthI paDAya nahi, ane satata prabhubhakitamAM ja magna eNe rahevuM joIe; ane A prAyazcitakALa pUro thaI rahyA pachI paNa teNe mAthuM muMDAvI upara rAkha bhabharAvI kethaLAmAM pesI pAdarI pAse ubhA rahevuM joIe ane jAheramAM potAnA pApano ikarAra karavo joIe. ane tyAre ja pAchI tene te kriyAmAM bhAga levAnI chUTa maLatI. keTalIkavAra pAdarIo, gunegArane dharma bahAra karatA, ane tenI sakhtAI ApaNAmAM nAta bahAra karyAnI sakhtAI karatAM paNa vizeSa hatI. pApa ane prAyazcitanI A paddhatinI bahu bArIka vyavasthA pAchaLathI dharmAdhikArIoe karI hatI, ane tethI karIne te dharmanI sattA rAja-sattA karatAM paNa vizeSa thaI paDI hatI. A pramANe je vAtane leke pitAnI melanI Avazyaka vastu mAnatA hatA tenI kula sattA dharmAdhikArIoe potAnA hAthamAM rAkhavAthI dhamane nAme aneka dhA hatIo upajAvavA teo zaktimAna thayA hatA ane tethI AgaLa jatAM rema ati aniSTakAraka vahemone akhADo thaI paDyuM hatuM. paraMtu nIti para te tethI lAbha ja thaye che, kAraNa ke pApa ane prAyazcitanI AvI saMsthAne sakhata amala thatuM hovAthI amuka bAbatomAM nIti paratve lekenA bheda-grAhI vicAra daDha thAya che ane nItinA kramamAM mANaso TevAya che. ane e ja pariNAma khristi dharma paNa ApyuM che. jana-svabhAvamAM rahelA svArthanA tattvane upayoga A pramANe

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kansTanaTAIthI zArlamena sudhI. 223 khristi dharma karyo che. paraMtu nItimAM nisvArtha protsAhanane te e dharma ethI paNa vizeSa jAgrata karyuM che. leTenA anuyAyIo IzvaranuM anukaraNa karavAne upadeza ApatA; Ika matavALA vivekabuddhine pagale cAlavAnuM kahetA, khristio Izukhrista upara prema karavAnuM kahetA; ane IzukhristadhArA evA suMdaracAritryanI uttama rekhA temaNe aMkita karI che ke Aja egaNIsase varSo pachI paNa manuSyanA hRdayane mahArI ane protsAhaka thatuM te maTayuM nathI. ane protsAhita jIvananA traNa TUMkA varSanA ullekhathI manudhya-jIvanane ATale badhe punarUddhAra thaI zake che e vAta kharekhara vismayakAraka che. khristi jIvanamAM je kAMI sarvottama ane atyaMta vizuddha che tenuM mULa kAraNa e ja vAta che. saMpUrNa ane vizuddha prema svArthanI koI gaNatrIne pIchANato nathI, ane potAnA hakanI mAgaNI karyA sivAya Atmabhoga ApavA sadA taiyAra hoya che, ane Izu khristanA premanI khAtara khristioe pitAnA prANanuM samarpaNa karI uttama pratine sadAcAra pALe che; ane mRtyune priyA gaNuM tene bheTI dharmavIre thaI gayA che. kharuM kahIe to khriti sadAcAranuM dRSTibiMdu prema-jIvanamAM ja che ane khristanA AcaraNamAM uMcI pratine sadAcAra ane komaLatA paNa tethI ja Ave che. ghaNuM mANasamAM kartavyane kevaLa sAde vicAra vAsanAonA baLa sAme TakI zakato nathI. hajharata mahamada pegaMbaranA dharmamAM paNa vizuddha ekezvaravAda ane kartavyane bhavya vicAra che, paraMtu hajharata mahamada pegaMbaranuM potAnuM jIvana AdarzarUpa nahotuM. Izu khristanA pavitra ane ucca jIvanathI khristionuM jIvana ja badalAI gayuM che. eka anya kAraNane lIdhe paNa Izu khristanA jIvananI asara prathama saikAonA khristio upara bahu thaelI hovI joIe. kudaratamAM kAyadAnuM rAjya avicaLa che evA ApaNe vicAra hAla baMdhAI gaelA hovAthI kaI barAbara keLavAele mANasa manuSyanA lAbhanI khAtara IzvarI camatkAra thAya che e vAta atyAre mAna nathI. paraMtu te samaye bristio te kAna, dharatIkaMpa, duSkALa ItyAdi bhayaMkara banA mANasonAM kAryone lakSIne Izvara male che ema mAnatA.

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224 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ane Izukhrista prabhune putra hovAthI tene mATe Izvara game te camatkAra batAve che temAM Azcarya zuM? tethI karIne temanA cittamAM je eka prakAranI dhArmika bhAvanA upajatI te ApaNane kadAca atyAre samajAya paNa nahi, paraMtu Izu khristanA premane lIdhe AkhA jagatanuM rUpAMtara thaeluM ja temane lAgatuM; ane AkhA jagatamAM tenA jIvananA bhaNakArA temane bhAsatA. tethI karIne kudaratI banAvo ane Aphatane ukela teo A navIna prakAzathI karatA ane tethI temAM kAMI navIna rahasya ja teo jetA. svarganA anaMta athavA hajAro varSo sudhI pahoMce evA sukhathI paNa anya kAMIka jUdIja jAtanuM gahana AzvAsana khristi dharmathI khristione maLatuM. duHkhI, kaMTALelA ane tadana nirAdhAra thaI paDelAne paNa e dharma AkAza tarapha joI ema kahetAM zIkhavo ke "he prabhu! mArI kALajI tAre che; Ama IzunA premanI khAtara sarva karavAne atyaMta utsAha te samaye briti emAM hatA. A pramANe je dhamane mukhya uddeza naitika pretsAhana ApavAne hatuM, ane je dharma bhaviSyanA badalAnA siddhAMtathI, pitAnI suvyavasthita saMsthAthI ane niHsvArtha naitika utsAha upajAvavAnI pitAnI zaktithI manuSyanA hRdaya upara anupama sattA sthApavA samartha thayo hato te dharmanA mukhya anuyAthIo ati pavitra sthitie pahoMce temAM Azcarya pAmavA jevuM kAMI nathI. ane yuropamAM e dharma sthApita thayA pachI lagabhaga basa varSa paryaMta khristi varga je naitika vizuddhi darzAvI che tethI vizeSa vizuddhi lAMbA kALa pata kAI prajAe kadi darzAvI nathI e nisaMzaya che. pitAnI AsapAsa prasarelI jamAnAnI bratAthI teo vimukta rahyA, kAraNa ke rAmanA rAjakIya, sAmAjIka ane laDAyaka jIvanathI teo alaga rahetA, ane te rAjyane aMta cesa che ema teo mAnatA hovAthI te aMta kyAre Ave che tenI niraMtara rAha teo jetA, A dharma remano rAja-dharma . paraMtu hajAra bAra varSa paryata tenI sarvoparI sattAkALamAM paNa samAjanI dazA ati adhama hatI e vAtanI paNa itihAsa sAkSI pUre che.

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keTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 225 e samayanI sthiti TUMkAmAM AvI hatI; mArakasa oreliyasanuM mRtyu thayuM e arasAmAM remanI sRSTimAM bristidharma agatyanI vaga dharAvete the hato. romana rAjyanI paDatI tvarita ane lagabhaga cAlu thavA lAgI hatI. pachI kensTanaTAIna pAdazAha prathama khristi thayo ane navuM zahera vasAvI tyAM eNe pitAnI rAjadhAnI sthApI; ane pUrvamAM pitAnA rAjyanI jamAvaTa karI. A rAjya lagabhaga agIArase varSa cAlyuM, ane te samaye khristi dharmanuM nItizAstra mAnya gaNAtuM. A bAikeMTAIna rAjya kevaLa adhama ane nIce prakAranuM hatuM e vAtamAM sarva itihAsakAro saMmata che. e rAjya ghaNuM vilAsI, svachaMdI ane nirdaya hatuM; ane ucca bhAvanAne kAMIpaNa eza tenAmAM nahote. leke chaLakapaTI ane durAcArI hatA, ane sadAcArI ane zairyavAna rahyA nahotA. temanAmAM svadezAbhimAna ane svataMtratAnI IcchA naSTa thaI gaI hatI, buddhi-vizALatA jatI rahI hatI ane kevaLa svachaMdI vilAsanA zokhIna teo thaI gayA hatA. prAcIna grIka sAhityanA uttama graMthe temanI sanmukha hatA, tethI temanAmAM jJAna to hatuM: paraMtu te jJAnathI temanAmAM zaurya ke svadezAbhimAnane eka taNakhe paNa pradIpta thato nahi. e rAjAne itihAsa joIe chIe to dharma-gurUo, hIjaDAo ane strIonA kAvAdAvA, jhera, apakAra ane baMdhu-vadhanA banAve niraMtara banatA ApaNe vAMcIe chIe. nIre je nirlajaja ane adhama pAdazAha tyAM keIthayo nathI e vAta kharI, paNa mArakasa ore. liyasa jevo paNa tyAM kaI thayuM nathI, e vAta paNa sAcI che. juliyana kAMIka sAro hato, paNa teNe te briti dharmane tiraskArapUrvaka tyAga karyo hato. pUrvanA A rAjyane aMta chevaTe musalamAnoe Aye; ane musalamAnanA ardhacaMdrAkAra vAvaTA taLe kosTAnTinopala zahera cagadAI gayuM; ane te paDayuM tyAM sudhI paNa tenA nagaravAsIo dhArmika matabhedane vivAda karavAmAM guMcavAI rahyA hatA. eziyAnA anya zaheromAM paNa evI ja sthiti hatI. bristidharmanA kaI kaI nAmAMkita dharmaguruo ane ghaNA dharmadha tapasvIo tyAM thayA

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~~ ~ ~ yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. hatA, paNa adhama ane vilAsI lekenI nIti upara teo kAMI asara karI zakyA nahi. ulaTuM dharmanA ati hepI ane jhanunI vAdavivAda temaNe ubhA karyA, ane A jhaghaDAnAM kaDavAM phaLa pAchaLathI kAyama bhogavavAnA rahyAM. kALe karIne remanA rAjyanA je be bhAga paDI gayA hatA temAMthI pUrva taraphanA vibhAganI AvI sthiti hatI. pazcima taraphanA vibhAganI sthiti tethI kAMIka judI hatI. kesTanaTAIna khristi thayA pachI eka zataka nahi vItyo eTalAmAM te eNleri rema sara karyuM ane pachI jaMgalIonI caDAIothI remane samAja aMte chinna bhinna thaI gayo. paraMtu A jaMgalIoeja khristi dharmane svIkAra karyo, tethI khristi gurUo ke je prAcIna khajAnAnA saMrakSaka hatA te temanA paNa guru thayA; ane janasudhAraNAne je ucca abhilASa temane hato te amalamAM mUkAvAno Ama temane prasaMga maLe. ane temane prayAsa sAva niSphaLa paNa nathI gaye. manuSyonA vicAra ane kRtio upara saikAo sudhI A dharma lagabhaga saMpUrNa sattA bhegavI che ane evI saMskRti eNe upajAvI ke tethI karIne tenA dareka bhAgamAM e dharmanI asara spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. kAryamAM pradarzita thatI zubha-vRttimAM, pUjya-buddhinA pavanamAM, bhaktimAM ane sAthe rahI ekabIjAne sahAya thavAnI TevamAM, vidharmIonA prAcInakALanA jamAnA karatAM te samaya bahu AgaLa vadhI gaye ha; ane dayAmAM romana leke karatAM, ane pativratyamAM grIka leke karatAM e jamAne bezaka caDIAte hato. bIjI rIte joIe te svadezAbhimAnamAM ane nAgarika sadAcAromAM, svataMtratAnA premamAM, je mahAna nare temaNe upajAvyA tenI saMkhyA ane ojasamAM, ane cAritryane je namune eNe bAMdhI Ape tene garava ane saMdaryamAM, vidharmIonA sarvottama jamAnA karatAM te jamAno ghaNo ja utarate hate. kalaha, geravyavasthA, anyAya ane vigraha khristiomAM paNa puSkaLa hatAM, ane buddhiviSayaka sadAcAromAM koI paNa jamAnA karatAM te samaya ghaNuM karIne utarata ja gaNAze. pitAnA matanA eTalA te AgrahI teo hatA ke paramata teo bilakula sahana karI zakatA nahi; ane

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kAsTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI.. pitAnA matane anukULa jUTha ane jANI bujIne kareluM pAkhaMDa paNa teo puSkaLa calAvI letA. zraddhAmAM ja sadAcAra che; sattAdhArIo je nigamane batAve te ja kharAM; A temane niraMtara upadeza hovAthI manuSyanI buddhimAM evI jaDatA AvI gaI ke tenI beDI, ghaNuM saikAo pachI jyAre iTAlImAM audyogika saMsthAonA udayathI zedhaka, navuM navuM kahenArI ane svataMtra vicAra karavAnI Teva lekomAM AvI tyAre ja tUTI. kethalika saMpradAyaane A sattA-kALa itihAsamAM aMdhakAramaya yuganA nAme prasiddha che, paNa temAM upara kahyuM tema keTalAMka sArAM to paNa hatAM. kensTanaTAIna khristi thayA pachI bArameM varSanA ItihAsathI ATaluM te siddha thAya che ke je ke khristi dharma sadAcAranAM keTalAMka tattvo ane siddhati duniyAne ApyAM che ane temanI chAMTa ane mizraNathI samAjanA AcaraNano raMga badalAI gayo che, tathApi grIka ane kethalika jevI khristi dharmanI zAkhAo pitAne rUce tevA sudhArAnI svataMtra preraka thAya e vAta jana-samAjanA kalyANanI khAtara keIpaNa rIte ISTa nathI. ahIM keTalAka ema kahe che ke kensTanaTAInanA samaya pUrve ja mane saMsAra tvarAthI bhraSTa thavA mAMDe hata; vidharmIonI adhakacarAelI rUDhio ane caMcaLatA hajI pUrepUrAM nAbuda thayAM nahotAM; ane pAchaLanA jamAnAnI mAThI dazAnuM kAraNa ghaNuM kharuM te ja hatuM; vaLI khristi dharmane vaga ghaNu vakhata mAtra nAmano ja ane dekhIto ja hato; ane jaMgalIo samAjane chinna bhinna karI nAkhatA hatA; A badhAM kAraNone lIdhe khristi dharma e aMdhakAramaya yuganA nAmathI prasiddha jamAnAmAM (arthAta I. sa. 500 thI I. sa, 1500 sudhInA kALamAM) bahu asara karI zakyo nathI. A dalIlamAM kAMIka satya che e vAta kharI, paraMtu bAIkeMTAIna rAjya vidharmIonI rUDhiothI ane vicArothI mukta hatuM, ane hajAra varSathI vadhAre samaya paryata jaMgalIothI chatAyuM nahotuM; pazcima rAjayamAM paNa caDAIonA, saMbha zAMta paDI gayA pachI ochAmAM ochA sAtameM varSa paryata khristi

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228 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. dharmane amala eka lAkaDIe rahyA hatAA badhI hakIkato ApaNe dhyAnamAM laIe chIe tyAre upalI dalIla vajanarahita thaI jAya che. prAcIna kALanA haDahaDatA dUrAcArane hAra ApI khristi dharmamAM kahelI vizuddha nItinI sAthe temanI sarakhAmaNI karavAnI vAta sehelI che. paraMtu vAstavika sudhArAnI yathArtha tulyanA karavAnI ApaNane IcchA hoya te grIka ane remanA lekene sudhAre ane khristione sudhAre e bannene ekaMdare ApaNe sarakhAvavA joIe ane e bannemAM kayA kayA durAcAra dabAI gayA hatA ane kyA kyA sadAcAra AgaLa AvyA hatA te ApaNe jevuM joIe. khirita dharmanA prathama be saikAmAM naitika unnati ghaNI thaI hatI, ane e ja e dharmanI pavitratAnI sAbIti che evI dalIla vAraMvAra te samaye thatI hatI. kensTanaTAIna khristi thaye tenA AgalA saikAmAM naitika patana kyAranuM spaSTa thavA mAMDayuM hatuM. te pachI be saikAmAM badhA khristi vRddho kahe che te pramANe sAmAnya rIte lokomAM bhraSTa durAcAra pracalita hatuM. te pachI dhArmika sudhArAne je kALa AvyuM temAM keTalAka khAsa guNe hatA e vAta kharI; paNa khristidharmanI saMsthAthI janasa mAjane punarUddhAra thayo che evI baDAInuM kAMI pramANa temAMthI nathI mane LatuM e vAta paNa cokkasa che. chellA traNa saikAmAM ghaNI kharI bAbatamAM adyApi paryata nahi pahoMcelI ucca dazAe sudhAre pahoMce che e vAta tadana kharI che, paraMtu tenAM kAraNe aneka ane eka bIjAmAM mizra che, ane dhArmika nIti mAtra te maheluM eka kAraNa che. yAMtrika zodho, audyogika jIvananI , vijJAnazAstrInI zodhakhoLa, rAjakIya baMdhAraNanA sudhArA, sAhityanI vRddhi ane vistAra, vidhamAM prAcIna kALanA rUDha vicAra, A badhAne e saMskRtimAM bhAga che; ane ItihAsamAM uMDA utaratAM be satye spaSTa rIte upara tarI Ave che. eka te e ke dharmazAstranI asarane lIdhe saikAo paryata yuropanI buddhi bahera mArI jaI aceta paDI rahI hatI. paraMtu prAcInakALanuM vidhamAM sAhitya ane vijJAna-zAstrInI musalamAnI saMsthAo-A be pradeza kethelika matanI hakumatathI hajI svataMtra rahyA

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kensTanaTAInathI zAlamena sudhI. 228 hatA ane te dvArA sAhityanuM punarajIvana ke jyAMthI arvAcIna sudhArAno kALa zarU thAya che te yuropamAM peThuM. bIjI satya vAta e che ke chellA traNa saikAothI vadhAre kALanuM nirIkSaNa karatAM spaSTa thAya che ke dharmanI prabaLatA jema jema ochI thatI gaI tema tema ApaNI unnati vaghatI gaI che. vaidaka vidyAmAM, vijJAna-zAstramAM, vepArI lAbhamAM, rAjanItimAM ane nItizAstramAM paNa dharmanA daDha IkarAra, sudhArakanI ADe AvIne ubhA rahetA hatA, ane A badhA IkarArane bahu agatyanA mAnIne temane bacAva karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, paNa sudhArAnA aihika jora AgaLa e badhAne aMte namI javuM paDayuM che. uparanI hakIkatathI sahaja prazna thAya che ke je dharmamAM naitika upadezanuM anupama sauMdarya hatuM ane je dharma manuSyanA hRdaya upara asara karavAne samartha hatA, ane je dharma chellA thoDA saikAothI lokone aneka bAbatamAM AziravAdarUpa thaI paDe che, te ja dharma lAMbA kALa sudhI ane jUdI jUdI avasthAmAM, yuropane punarUddhAra karavAmAM kevaLa azakta kema nIvo haze? kArya karavAmAM khristio nirUtsAhI ane akuzaLa hatA ema paNa nahotuM. paraMtu te samaye samAjamAM virodhI baLo vahetAM hatAM tene e pariNAma che e A praznanuM TUMkAmAM uttara che. kethalika dharmanA vizALa ane anekadezI taMtramAM keTalAka bhAga evA hatA ke je manuSyajAtane sudhAravAmAM ane unnata banAvavAmAM bahu sArI rIte kAma AvyA, ane bIjA keTalAka bhAga evA hatA ke jenI asara ethI kevaLa ulaTIja thaI. A vAta spaSTa karavAnuM kAma A prakaraNanuM che. khristi dharmanuM prathama pariNAma e AvyuM ke tethI manuSyanI aMdagI pavitra gaNAvA lAgI. e dharmane prathama upadeza e hato ke saghaLAM mANase bhAIo che. amara prANIo tarIke, atyaMta sukha ke atyaMta duHkhane mATe aMte sarjita hovAthI, ane ekaja jAtanI yuktimAM sarva sahabhAgI hovAthI, pitAnA jAtabhAIone pavitra prANIo gaNavAnI khristinI prathama pharaja

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30 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. spaSTa che; ane temAMthI saghaLAM manuSyanI jIdagI pavitra che e khAsa bristi vicAra prakaTa thaze. kepanA kAraNavinA pitAnA jAtabhAIone kApI nAkhavA e khoTuM che ema manuSyane kudaratI svabhAva mANasane kahe nathI e vAta samajavAno prayAsa ApaNe AgaLa karyo che ane naitika pratyakSa manuSyane svabhAvasiddha che e siddhAMtanI virUddha dalIla karanArAne pratyuttara ApavA A vAta lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che. jaMgalIonI prAthamika dazA ke jyAre manuSya-svabhAvanI ucca zaktio khIlelI hotI nathI ane lagabhaga garbhadazAmAM ja hoya che e dazAnI vAta eka kere rAkhatAM, sudharelI ane nItimAna prajAoe paNa amuka amuka bAbatamAM ke amuka amuka vakhate manuSyanI katalane jAnavaranA zikAratulya gaNelI che e vAta ItihAsamAM prasiddha che. asalanA grIka leke videzIone jaMgalI gaNI temanA pratye nirdaya vartaka rAkhatA; remana leke taravAranA prANaghAtaka belemAM, ane temanA ItihAsanA amuka kALe gulAme pratye, bahu krUratA vAparatA, spenanA leke amerikAnA vatanIo pratye niSphara hadayanA hatA: saMsthA sthApavA jatI ghaNuM karIne saghaLI yuropIya praja, je tenA upara yuropanI dekharekha na rahe te, tyAM nirdaya vartaNuka rAkhatI AvI che. prAcIna prajAo moTebhAge taratanAM janmelAM bALakane rakhaDatAM mUkI detI hatI. A saghaLI bAbatamAM hRdayanI kevaLa kaThinatA ApaNane jaNAI Ave che, ane ApaNA pitAnA samayamAM paNa chellAM traNa saikAnI aMdara greTa briTanamAM paNa te kaThinatAnAM cihna kadAca maLI Ave tema che. kenI katala IgalAMDanA ItihAsamAM prasiddha che. ane manunI saghaLI jAtanI svachaMdI katalanI krUratA ApaNI naitika vRttione eka Avazyaka bhAga thaelI che e vAta hRdayamAM utAravI ApaNane atyAre gametevI muzkela lAgatI hoya, tathApi sArA sArA mANase te niraMtara AcaratAM AvyAM che e vAta nirvivAda che, ane te paNa evAM sArA mANase ke je bIjI badhI bAbatamAM koIpaNa jamAnAmAM avazya dayALu gaNAya evAM hatAM. je ramatone atyAre ApaNe jaMgalI gaNIe chIe te ramatothI TayuDara rAjA

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kesTanTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 2 31 enA samayamAM sArAmAM sArA aMgrejone ghaNo AnaMda maLato hato; ane prAcIna kALamAM kharekharI dayAvALAM mANaso ke je saMbaMdhIo pratye komaLa, mitro jo premI, pADozIo pratye udAra, ane jemanI najaramAM pitAnA zeherInuM khUna ApaNane lAge che tevuM ja ghAtakI lAgatuM te ja mANasA taravAranA prANaghAtaka khele jevA jatAM ane tyAM tALIo pADI zAbAsI ApatAM; ane te ja mANase niHzaMka mane bALakane rakhaDatA mukavAnI salAha ApatAM. paraMtu te uparathI ApaNuM kudaratI naitika pratyakSanI vAtavikatA zakita banI jAya che ema dhAravuM kevaLa bhUlabhareluM ja che. AMtara nItivAdIonuM kahevuM mAtra eTaluM ja che ke dayA ane nirdayatAnA bhedanuM bhAna ApaNane svabhAvathI siddha che, ane dayA ApaNuM uccatara kiMvA vadhAre sArA svabhAvane aMza che, ane tethI te guNa keLavavAnI ApaNI pharaja che. jamAnAnuM dhoraNa ke je samAjanA sAmAnya saMjogathI nirNita thAya che te dhoraNa A kartavyanI vAstavika hada te samayane mATe bAMdhI Ape che; kAraNake je A dharaNathI nIce rahe te e dharaNane nIce utAravAmAM sahAyabhUta thAya che. have, je ke judI judI prajAomAM ane jUdA jUdA jamAnAmAM dayAnAM dhoraNa bahu judAM judAM mAlama paDelAM che, paNa dayA e sAre guNa che e bAbatamAM saunI saMpUrNa ekamati che, e vAtathI vadhAre cekasa vAta bIjI koI nathI. pleToe bALahatyAnI bhalAmaNa karI hatI keTee gharaDA gulAmane vecI devAnI himAyata karI hatI; plinIe medAnanI rama tenAM ma phATate vakhANa karyA hatAM; jUnA jamAnAnA saradAra lazkarI kedIone gulAma banAvatA ke taravAranA prANaghAtaka khelemAM utAratA; navA jamAnAnA saradAre temanA mobhAne halake pADe evI koI paNa jAtanI mahenata temane soMpavAnI nA pADe che; jUnA jamAnAnA dhArAzAstrIo pitAnA kAyadAmAM aneka prakAranI krUra zikSAo pharamAvatA; navA jamAnAnA dhArAzAstrIo moTAmAM moTA gunegAranI sajA paNa TUMkI karI nAkhavAnA prayAsa kare che; jUnA jamAnAnA zikSake trAsathI aMkuzamAM rAkhatA; navA jamAnAne zikSaka sahRdayatAthI vaza kare che; spenanI bAlikA

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3 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. godhAnI pUra laDAImAM AnaMda mAnatI; avaoNcIna sudhAraka zikAranI badhI ramatane niMde che athavA khorAkane mATe paNa prANIonI hiMsAne vakhoDe che, athavA te moTAM prANIone ja mAravAnI himAyata kare che ke jethI ochA jIvanI hiMsA thAya; athavA te prANIonI nirvilaba katala karavAnuM kahe che; A badhAM mANasa pitAnA kAryomAM ane kaI bAbatone dUra kahevI ane kaI bAbatane svacchedI kahevI e bAbata pitAnA abhiprAyomAM eka bIjAthI bahu jUdA paDe che, chatAM kraratA karatAM dayA sArI che e bAbatamAM se saMmata hoya che. arthAta jamAnAnA dhoraNe te te samayanA sAmAnya saMjogathI nirNita thatAM hovAthI te bhinna bhinna hoya che, paNa mULa siddhAMtamAM bhinnatA kyAMI hetI nathI. tethI karIne judA judA jamA nAmAM vigate paratve prajAonuM ke manuSyanuM matabhinnatva game teTaluM hoya paNa nirdayatA karatAM dayA sArI che ke kema ? e bAbato saMzaya paNa kAIne Avyo nathI. jamAnAnA dhoraNa pramANe cAlavAnuM mANasanuM kartavya che, ane te dhoraNathI utaratuM jenuM varNana hoya tene te samayanAM mANase nide che. have khristi dharmanI khAsa khUbI e che ke dayAnA pracalita dharaNane ati ucca eNe banAvyuM ane bhAra daIne jagatane spaSTa kahI dIdhuM ke gamata ke sagavaDatAnI khAtara koI paNa mANasanI jIMdagI levAmAM meTuM pApa che, ane tethI ApaNI paropakAra vRttione khUba saceta eNe karI dIdhI. - A bAbatamAM khristi dharmanI asara manuSya jIdagInI cheka prAthamika avasthA arthAta garbhAvasthAthI zarU thAya che. prAcInakALamAM garbhapAtana. rivAja bahu niMdya gaNAtuM nahotuM, kAraNa ke janamyA pahelAM bALaka jIvanuM gaNAya che evI mAnyatA te samaye pracalita hatI. vaLI manuSya jaMdagInI pavitratAnuM prabaLa bhAne jyAM hotuM nathI, tyAM hajI nahi janmelA bALakanA ghAtathI dayAnI lAgaNI bahu upajatI nathI; ane vakhate sAmAjIka hitanA vicArathI rAIbALakane janmavA nahi devAmAM dayAnuM ja kAma thAya che, ema mANasa samajavA lAge che temAM navAI nathI. erisToTala kahe ke jyAre vastInI saMkhyA amuka hada oLaMgI jAya, tyAre rAjya taraphathI garbhapAta

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233 konsTanaTAInathI zAlamena sudhI. karAvavAne kAyade thavo joIe. prAcIna grIsamAM ane remanA sAmrAjya samaya paryata garbhapAtanI virUddha kaI kAyade nahote, ane hoya to te amalamAM mukAte nahi. te samayanA aneka lekhake kahe che ke e rivAja prasiddha ane lagabhaga sArvatrika hate. ane vyabhicAra ane garIbInuM e pariNAma hatuM eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu prasUtithI zarIra-seMdarya bagaDI jAya che ema dhArI vakhate mAtAo paNa garbhapAta karatI hatI. ane eTalA badhA garbhapAta thatA hatA ke tethI tene mATe khAsa dhaMdho paNa jAgyo hato. senikA, luTArka ityAdi lekhake ene gune gaNatA hatA, paNa te calAvI levA jevo che evI ekaMdare sAmAnya mAnyatA hatI. have khristio chAtI ThokIne kahevA lAgyA ke e rivAja nirdaya che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa garbhapAta eTale khUna-bALahatyA ja. ane tenA prAyazcita tarIke evI te sakhata sajA e saMsthAmAM thatI ke tethI te eka meTo gune che evI asara khristionA mana upara sacoTa thavA lAgI. eka gunegAra mAtAne mRtyu paryata prabhu-bhojanamAMthI bahiSkAra thayo hate. A sajA dhIme dhIme pAchaLathI ochI thavA lAgI hatI, tathApi garbhapAtane eka ati gaMbhIra prakArano guno saMsthAnA zAsanamAM lekhavAmAM Avato hato. vaLI jaLamArjananI kriyA ke je khristionA dharma-zAstramAM ApaNI buddhine atyaMta kamakamATI upajAve evI che te siddhAMtathI paNa sudhArAnI bAbatane te bahu Teke maLe che. vidhamAM kiMvA mUrtipUjakanI dRSTimAM jyAre garbhapAta ane hatyA gunArUpa lAgatA tyAre paNa teo temane nirjIva gunA gaNatA; kAraNa ke putra umaranA manuSyanI hatyA thatAM tenI keTalI badhI AzAo ane utsAha bhAMgI paDe che te vAta khAsa najaramAM rahetI. vaLI tene zArIrika duHkha paNa ghaNuM thAya che, ane tenAM sagAM saMbaMdho, mitro, ane jagatane paNa vakhate ghaNuM vasamuM lAge che. AmAMthI kazuM garbhapAta ke bALahatyAmAM banatuM nathI. bALajIvana temane mana kaI agatyanuM ja nahotuM. paraMtu khristi dharma gurUone bALajIvanamAM paNa bhayaMkara agatyatA samajAtI. teo kahetA ke garbhamAM jIva Avyo ke tarata ja te amara prANI thAya che ane janakhyA pahelAM te marI jAya te paNa AdamanA pApane mATe te javAbadAra

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234 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. hevAthI kayAmatane divase tene ubhu thavuM paDe che ane jaLa-mArjananI kriyA tene karavAmAM nahi AvI hoya te niraMtara tene narakamAM rahevuM paDe che. bALajIvananI kiMmata ane pavitratAnA ApaNu nirmaLa bhAnanI zarUAtanA siddhAMtane lIdhe ghaNuM karIne moTe bhAge thaelI che, ane have ApaNA tAni vanamAM e bhAna evuM te otaprota thaI gayuM che ke evA koI. paNa siddhAntanI gerahAjarImAM paNa te TakI rahevA samartha che. zarUAtamAM khristio kahetA ke bALaka mare te te ThIka; paNa jaLa mAjananA saMskAra pAmyA vinA je e jAya to tenI niraMtara adhogati rahe che. tethI ja teo garbhapAtane mahA pApa gaNatA hatA. "saMtonA jIvana carita' nAmanA pustakamAM lakhyuM che ke eka mANasane garbhAzayamAM bALakanI avasthA kevI hoya che te jANavAnI vicitra jIjJAsA thaI, ane tethI eka garbhavatI strIne teNe mArI nAkhI ane A pramANe teNe strI-hatyA ane bALahatyA ane karI. paNa pAchaLathI tene teno pastAvo thatAM jaMgalamAM jaI prAyazcita ane prArthanA te karavA lAge. pazcAtApanA ghaNAM varSo ema gALyA pachI izvarI avAjathI tenA jANavAmAM AvyuM ke tene strIhatyAno gune mApha thayo paNa bALahatyAno gune mApha thayo nahi. prAcIna saMskRtimAM bALahatyAne rivAja paNa eka moTA kalaMkarUpa hate. A gunAne svAbhAvika ItihAsa kAMIka vicitra che. jaMgalIomAM dayAnI lAgaNI bahu nibaLa hoya che; ane temanI laDAyaka ane bharavADazAi dagI bALa-jIvananA saMrakSaNane pranikuLa hoya che. tethI janmelA bALakane jIvatuM rAkhavAne tenA bApano vicAra na thAya te tene mArI nAkhavAnuM ke rakhaDatuM mUkI devAne rivAja sAmAnya rIte pracalita thAya che je prajA jaMgalI dazAmAMthI bahAra AvelI chatAM hajI pitAnI raheNI karaNImAM aNaghaDa ane sAdI hoya che te prajAmAM bALa hatyAno rivAja ghaNuM karIne kavacit ja jovAmAM Ave che. paraMtu sudhArA vadhatAM bIjA krUra gunAo svAbhAvika rIte ja ochA thatA jAya che tema A guna e che ke nathI, kAraNa ke jaMgalI dazA choDayA pachI lekenI kUratA karatAM temanA vya

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kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 235 bhicArathI AvA gunA vizeSa bane che. vaLI ghaNA dezomAM ane jamAnAmAM evo vicAra pracalita hoya che ke je vastu pitAne atyaMta priya hoya tenuM baLIdAna dene bahu rUcikara thAya che, ane saMtAne mAbApane atyaMta priya khajAnArUpa hovAthI temanuM baLIdAna dene bahu game che. vaLI jene atyAre ApaNe janahitavAdane siddhAMta kahIe chIe tene anusAra grIka leke e rivAjane anumodana ApatA hatA; ane amuka prasaMge te te bAbatamAM kAyadAnI pharaja paNa mANasane mAthe nAkhavAmAM AvatI hatI, kAraNake temane siddhAMta ekaMdare e hato ke vastIne vadhAre amuka hada paryata ja thavo joIe ane lAcAra ane nirUpayogI janothI jema bane tema rAjya mukta rahevuM joIe. mATe rogI ane badasakala bALakonI hatyAthI samAjane lAbha ja thAya che ema teo mAnatA hatA. evAM bALake je che te temanuM jIvana temane pitAne paNa bojArUpa lAgyA vinA rahe nahiM; tethI temAM dayA paNa che. grIka-jIvananA vilAsI valaNane lIdhe lAMbAkALa paryata diyanigraha sAcavI rAkhavAno vicAra grIka lekene Avato ja nahiM ane pitA karatAM bALake pratye mAtAnI vRttio vadhAre komaLa hoya che, paraMtu grIka mAtAnI sAmAjIka ane mAnasika dazA ghaNI adhama hovAne lIdhe prajAnA vicAramAM AgevAna thavAne teo asamartha nIvaDI hatI. paraMtu grIsamAM paNa A gunAnI chUTa sarvatra nahotI, ane thImsamAM te te gunAne mATe dehAMtadaMDa thato. remamAM pitAnAM saMtAna upara pitAnI sattA prathamathI ja saMpUrNa hatI, paraMtu te sattA upara kAyadAnA aMkuza paNa prathamathI ja hatA. romane prajA-vRddhinI AvazyakatA hatI, ane tethI romana sAmrAjyanA vilAsI ane bhraSTa kALa sudhI repana lokomAM bALahatyAne rivAja kadi paNa sAdhAraNa tho hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. ane jyAre bALahatyAnA banAvI bahu banavA lAgyA tyAre je pitAne ghaNAM chokarAM hoya tene khAsa ke ApIne, garIba mAbApone keTalAka karanA bojAmAMthI mukta karIne, ane rakhaDatAM mukelA chokarAo mATe saMrakSaNanA keTalAMka sAdhana sthApIne, ADa

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. katarI rIte dhArAzAstrIoe e vAtane niMdya gaNI hatI. arthAta bALa tyAre teo gune te gaNatA, paNa ApaNI peThe tene moTo gune teo nahotA gaNatA. tepaNa remanA sAmrAjya samayamAM bALahatyAo bahu thatI ane gunegAro bahu sahelAIthI ane vAraMvAra chaTakI jatA. bALahatyA ane bALakane rakhaDatuM mUkI devuM e be vAtomAM bheda pADavAmAM Avate; ane pAchalA gunAne mATe kAyadAmAM kAMI sajA nahotI. tethI koI paNa jAtanI bhIti vinA te gune leke bedhaDaka karyo jatA. janmeluM bALaka chokarI hoya te tenI te ghaNuM karIne hatyA ja karavAmAM AvatI, ane garIba mAbApa bALakane rakhaDatuM mUkI de che ke temanA pratye bahu kSamA daSTi rAkhatA. rakhaDatAM mUkelAM bALake alabatta ghaNuM karIne marI jatAM. paraMtu amuka sthaLe te bALake mUkAtAM hovAthI leke temane vAraMvAra bacAvI letA ane gulAma ke vasyA tarIke temane ucheratA. A pramANe bALahatyA niMdya che evI lekamAM lAgaNI te hatI ja, A lAgaNIne vadhAre majabUta karI tene amala karAve ane rakhaDatAM mUkelAM chokarAMone mATe sarakSaNanAM sAdhane vadhAravAM eTaluM ja briti dharmane A bAbatamAM karavAnuM hatuM. ane garbhapAtanI bAbatamAM grahaNa karelI paddhati ahIM paNa temaNe grahaNa karI. uparAMta khristio upadeza karavA lAgyA ke ajANyAnI dayA upara AdhAra rAkhIne bALakane rakhaDatuM mUkI devuM e tenI hatyA karyA barAbara che. ane tethI kensTAInanA samayathI ja te saMbaMdhI kAyadA thavA lAgyA; ane garIba mAbApanAM chekarone rAjyanA kharce ucheravAM ema prasiddha thayuM. vaLI rakhaDatA mUkelAM bALakane bacavAnA yoga vadhe evA uddezathI e kAyado karavAmAM AvyuM ke tevAM bALake upara temane bacAvanAranI saMpUrNa sattA raheze. paraMtu tethI karIne seMkaDo varSa payeta AvAM bALake gulAmagIrImAMthI mukta thaI zakyAM nahi. yuropamAM jyAre gulAmagIrIno aMta AvyuM tyAre ja temane uddhAra thayo. vaLI garIba mAbApa chokone vecI detAM. AvAM chokarAne mAbApa

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kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 237 kAyadApUrvaka lIdhelAM nANuM pAchAM ApIne ane vakhate pAchAM ApyA vinA paNa temane pAchAM meLavI zakatAM. paraMtu chokarAne vecavAne pracAra paNa lAMbA vakhata sudhI cAlele jaNAya che. vidharmIonA kAyadA pramANe bALahatyAne ghaNuM karIne manuSyavadha gaNavAmAM Avato; paraMtu bIjI jAtanA manuSyavadha jeTale dUra te lekhAto nahi, ane tethI tene mATe motanI sajA thatI nahi paNa dezanikAlanI thatI. paraMtu dhIme dhIme e gaMbhIra prakArane gune gaNAvA lAge ane zArlamenanA samayamAM e gune khUna gaNAvA lAge; ane bALaka khaDatuM mukanArane paNa sajA thavA lAgI. - A badhA kAyadA khristi dharmanI sattAkALamAM thayA hatA. paraMtu tethI bALahatyA keTale darajaje ochI thaI tene cesa nirNaya the zakya nathI. paNa AvA kAyadAthI bALakane rakhaDatuM mUkavAne udhADe dhaMdhe azakaya thaI paDe, ane te gaMbhIra prakArane gune che evuM utkaTa bhAna lekene thavA lAgyuM eTalI khristi dharmanI asara thaI ema kahevAmAM kAMI aDacaNa nathI. atyaMta garIbIne lIdhe mAbApa chokarAMne rakhaDatAM mUkI detAM, te bALakane khristio madada karatA, ane evAM ghaNuM chokarAone khristi gRhastha ucheratA. paNa madhyakALanI zarUAtamAM bALa-saMrakSaka saMsthAo ubhI thavA lAgI. paraMtu temAM ucherelAM bALake khristi saMsthAnA gulAma gaNAtAM. gulAmagIrI naSTa thaI tyAre AvAM bALake madanI saMsthAmAM bhaLI gayAM. khristi dharma dayA ane sakhAvatane mATe mazahura che; chatAM bALa-saMrakSaka saMsthAo sthApavAmAM e dharma Dhale rahyo hato, tenuM kAraNa ghaNuM karIne e che ke vyabhicAranA gunAne teo ghaNe ja gaMbhIra lekhatA. ghaNI udAra saMsthAonI mAtRbhUmi romamAM paNa teramA saikAnI zarUAta sudhI evI koI saMsthA nahotI. bAramA saikAnA madhyabhAgamAM milAnamAM evAM maMDaLo sthapAyAM hatAM. e ja saikAnA aMtamAM eka khristi sAdhue bALakonA saMrakSaNa ane temanI keLavaNI mATe evuM eka maMDaLa pArIsamAM sthApyuM hatuM. ane temA ane damA saikAmAM yurepanA moTA bhAgamAM A maMDaLanI zAkhAo thaI

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238 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. hatI. A saMsthA paNa tajI dIdhelAM bALakone levAnI nA pADatI. aMte jyAre bALahatyAo ghaNI thavAthI tene mATe pikAra thavA lAge tyAre saMta vi-- nsaDI pile lekane evA jAgrata karyA ke tenI asara khAnagI dharmAdAmAM ane kAyadAnA baMdhAraNamAM paNa thaI ane tethI bALasaMrakSaka saMsthAo ubhI thavA lAgI. AthI karIne vyabhicArane uttejana maLe che ke kema ? dayA karavA jatAM pativatyane hAni thAya che tenuM kema? ityAdi prazno ane te saMbaMdhI thaelA vAdavivAdamAM utaravAnuM atra prayojana nathI. muddAnI vAta atra eTalI ja che ke lake e tajI dIdhelAM bALakanI jIMdagI bacAvavI eTaluM ja nahi paNa temane keLavI nItimAna banAvavAM e vAtane mATe khristi dhama iMtejAra hato, ane manuSyanI jIMdagI ane tenA sadAcAranI AvI bArIka ane pramANika cIvaTathI vidharmIo kevaLa ajJAta hatA. dareka jIva amara che evA priti siddhAMtanuM ja A pariNAma che. ane bririta dharmanI jyAM jyAM barAbara asara thai che tyAM tyAM tenuM A mukhya anupama lakSaNa dazya thaeluM che. A bALajIvananA saMrakSaNamAM briti dharma ghaNuM karyuM che e kharuM, paNa ghaNI vakhata tenI atizayokti karavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu taravAranA prANaghAtaka mele nAbuda thayA te to khristi dharmanA pratApe ja; ane manuSya jAtanA naitika ItihAsamAM A sudhAre che tevo nathI. khristio kahetA ke A khelamAM pApa che ane temAM khUna ja thAya che, ane tene mATe khelADIo ane prekSaka banene Izvara AgaLa javAba devo paDaze ja. remanA lokamAM A belenuM AkarSaNa bahu hatuM ane keLavAele ane buddhimAna varga paNa e khelene ceDA ja niMdya gaNatA e ApaNe AgaLa kahyuM che. khuda kenTanaTAIna paNa asaMkhya videzI kedIone jaMgalI prANIo sAthe vaDhADate hato. I. sa. 325mAM prathama khristi pAdazAhe kAyade karyo ke e belene gunArUpa gaNavA; paNa e kAyade jhAjho amalamAM Avyo hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. pazcima-rAjyamAM to te cAlu ja hatA. I. sa. 357 mAM kensTanaTAdane kAyado karyo hato ke rAjamahelanA nekarane lAMca ApI kAie evA khelamAM utAravA nahi. I. sa. 365 mAM velenaTiniyane kAyade

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te 30 kesTanaTAInathI zAlamena sudhI karyo hato ke khristI gunegArone temAM utAravA nahi. oneriyase kAyade karyo hato ke je gulAma e khelADI hoya tene koI mitrInI nokarImAM rahevA de nahi; paNa ghaNuM karIne A kAyadAnI matalaba amIrane hathI ArabaMdha mANasothI baLavAna nahi thavA devAnI hatI. paNa agatyanI vAta e che ke navI rAjadhAnI kensAnTine palamAM evA khela kadi dAkhala karavAmAM AvyA nahotA. jo ke romamAM e khela moLA paDyA hatA, te paNa cAlu te rahyA hatA. A khelane zokha prAcIna vidhamAM lekenuM kharAbamAM kharAba lakSaNa hatuM. temanuM sArAmAM sAruM lakSaNa kadAca dhArmika svAtaMtrya hatuM. ane khristi rAjyamAM sArA lakSaNane prathama uccheda thayo hato e aphasasanI vAta che. mahAna thiyoDoziyase dharmanI vividhatA AkhA rAjyamAM baMdha karI hatI, paNa A khela karAvatA hate. paraMtu jo ke khristi dharma rAjya-dharma thayA pachI nevuM varSa A khela rAjanI rAjadhAnImAM baMdha paDayA hatA, tathApi tenI virUddha khristionuM valaNa prathamathI ja hatuM e cokkasa che.e kaI khelADI jyAM sudhI pitAne dhaMdhe cheDI na de tyAM sudhI khristi gurUe tene jalamArjana kriyAnI spaSTa nA kahetA ane je ke khristi evA khela jevA jato to tene prabhu-bhojanamAMthI bAtala karatA. pUrvamAM Azare thiyeziyasanA samayathI e khela baMdha paDyA hatA, ane tene badale rathanI zaratana zekha vadhyo hato. pazcimamAM I. sa. 404 mAM noriyasanA samayamAM jyAre e khela thaze tyAre manuSya-premanA uttama umaLakAthI utsAhita banI TelImekasa nAmane sAdhu akhADAmAM deDI gayo ane laDanArAone chUTA pADavA lAgyo. AthI karIne prekSake gusse thaI gayA ane patharA mArI tene mArI nAkhyo. paraMtu tenA mRtyuthI e khelane. chevaTe aMta Avyo. tathApi jaMgalI jAnavare ane mANasanI sAThamArI cAlu rahI; ane A ramate pUrvamAM khAsa karIne kapriya thaI paDI hatI. paraMtu tenI sAmAnya nirdhanatAne lIdhe jAnavaro maLI zakatAM nahi ane tethI te ramata paNa ochI thaI gaI. dhIme dhIme A ramato evI rIte thavA lAgI ke tethI mANasane kaMI jokhama rahetuM nahi, paNa prANIo

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240 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. pratye krUratA vaparAtI. A ramata paNa chevaTe sAtamA saikAmAM kulenI sabhAe baMdha karI. paraMtu madhyakALa sudhI ITAlImAM mala kustIo thatI rahI hatI ane temAM koI koI vakhata ramanArAne bahu IjA thatI hatI. te taravAranA A prANaghAtaka belene nAbuda karavAmAM khristi dharma le upara je te upakAra karyo nathI. e khele jAte te dUra ja hatA, paraMtu tenI moTAmAM meTI kharAbI te e hatI ke tethI karIne badhA vargonA lokemAM dayAnI lAgaNI buTTI thaI jatI hatI ane e vAta dayAnA dharaNane ucca banAvavAmAM naDatara rUpa thatI hatI. vidharmIonI sAmAjIka saMskRti ane temanuM tatvajJAna A bAbatamAM sudhAre karavA asamartha nIvaDayAM hatAM; ane kadAca lAMbA samaya paryata evIne evI sthiti cAlyA karata. ane jyAre uttara taraphanA anADI vIroe iTAlInuM rAjya jItI lIdhuM te vakhate je e khele niraMkuzapaNe pracalita heta to teo paNa utsAhapUrvaka temane vadhAvI leta, ane madhyakALanA jIvanamAM temanAM mULa sita; ane pachI manuSya jAtanI unnatimAM keTale vilaba thAta te atyAre kahI zakAtuM nathI. paraMtu romanI bhUmimAMthI A duSTa choDane nirmaLa karavA khristi dharma samartha thayo; ane tethI yuropanI saMskRti upara khristi dharmane moTAmAM moTo upakAra che. e belemAM je marI jatA temanA mAnanI khAtara evA khele karAvavA vidharmIomAM paisAnI rakame vArasAmAM mUkI javAne rivAja ho; tene badale garIba ane duHkhIne madada karavA vAraso mUkI javAnI prathA khristi dharma pADI, ane DisembaramAM evA khela thatA hovAthI te mahIne remanA AkhA rAjyamAM utsava tarIke paLAto; tene badale IzukhristanA AgamananI yAdagIrI jALavavA khristio te mahIne utsavamAM gALavA lAgyA. paraMtu manuSyanI jIMdagI pavitra che e siddhAMtane khristi dharmanA keTalAka AcAryoe evuM rUpa ApavA mAMDayuM ke tethI karIne prajAnI svatatratA ane rAjyanI zAsana-paddhati jeDe tene meLa maLe nahi. teomAMthI ghaNuM ema kahetA ke sipAI tarIke athavA keInA upara khUnanuM tahomata

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kesTanaTAinathI zAlamena sudhI. 241 mUkIne ke cAMDALa tarIke vartanathI ke koIpaNa prakAre kaI khristithI koinI jaMdagI laI ja zakAya nahi. prathama bAbatano vicAra ApaNe have pachI karazuM; ane bIjI be bAbatono nikAla karavA thoDA ja zabdo pUratA che. matanI sajA vAjabI heya te paNa cAMDALanA dhaMdhAmAM kAMIka bhraSTatA che, kAMIka anucitatA che evI mAnyatA asalathI ja cAlI AvelI che, ane tethI te dhaMdho mULathI ja apavitra lekhavAmAM Ave che. grIsa ane remamAM cAMDALAne zehera bahAra rahevuM paDatuM ane rahaDasamAM to temane zaheramAM pisavAnI paNa rajA nahotI. khristi dharmamAM paNa zarUAtamAM AvA vicAra ghaNuM prabaLa hatA. ane jenA hAtha vAjabI vigrahamAM paNa koIpaNa rIte lohIthI kharaDAelA hoya tene prAyazcita karyA vinA devaLamAM AvavAnI manAI hatI. ane AvA manAIhukamane amala pAdazAha ke senApationA saMbaMdhamAM paNa thatA. sAmAjIka ane rAjakIya jarUrIAtane dhyAnamAM rAkhyA vinA A pramANe prathama traNa saikAmAM khristi gurUo pitAnA abhiprAya manAvavAne yatna karatA hatA, paNa jyAre khristi dharmanI sattA jAmI gaI tyAre AvA vicAro pheravavAnI temane jarUra paDI. ane tethI aithA saikAmAM temane sAmAnya abhiprAya eTale ja rahyA ke koI dharmagurUe khUnanA tohAmatamAM bhAga levo nahi. AvI khAsa sthiti pAdarIone prApta thatAM pachI gunegArane sajAmAMthI bacAvavA teo vacce paDavA lAgyA. athavA rAjadroha ke koI bIjA kAraNathI koI zahera ke tenI AsapAsa khUnarejI thavAne bhaya AvI paDato tyAre salAhanA jAsusa tarIke teo kAma karavA lAgyA. pAdazAhanI mUrtio ane vidharmIonAM deva-maMdIre prathama pavitra gaNatAM hatAM tene badale have khristi devaLo pavitra gaNAvA lAgyAM. vaLI lenTa ane isTaranA pavitra tahevAramAM koI gunegAranI tapAsa thaI zakatI nahi athavA tene vyathA ke motanI sajA thaI zakatI nahi. vaLI tahomatadAranI nirdoSatA jAhera karavA camatkAro paNa banatA, paNa kAyadApUrvaka tene matanI sajA thavI joIe evuM sUcavatA camatkAra kadi banatA nahi. A badhAne lIdhe kAyadA pramANe paNa sajAnI bajAvaNI barAbara

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242 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. thaI zakatI nahi. vaLI tethI karIne lekenI kalpanAmAM dayA ane pavitratAnuM vicAra-sAhacarya thavA lAgyuM ane manuSya-chadagIne mATe pUjya bhAva vadhavA lAgyo. vaLI kaI dharmagurUthI manuSyanuM lehI reDAya nahi e sidhAMtanI eka bIjI vilakSaNa asara paNa thaI che. matanI sajA thAya evA koI paNa tahomatamAM koI dharma-gurUthI bhAga laI zakAya nahi evA sidAMtathI nAstikAne satAvatAM chatAM paNa temanA mRtyuthI mukhya dharma-gurUo havA lAgyA. jyAre dharma-gurUo sarvatra svIkAratA hatA ke nAstikatA moTAmAM moTo gune che, ane tethI nAstikane zikSA thavI joIe; ane jyAre dharmagurUonI uzkeraNIthI nAstikane dezanikAla karavAnA, temane daMDa karavAnA ane temane kedanI sajA karavAnA kAyadA thatA hatA ane dhArmika svataMtrAnuM kayAMI nAma nizAna paNa rahyuM nahi; tyAre paNa te ja dharmagurUo temanuM lehI reDavAthI DaravA lAgyA. vakhata jatAM nAstikane sajA karavAnI sattA jyAre rAjyane soMpAtI tyAre pavitra prArthanA karIne dharmagurUe dhikkAravA yogya daMbhathI bhalAmaNa karavA lAgyA ke lehI reDyA vinA temane jema bane tema narama sajA karaje, arthAt temane jIvatA bALI mUkavA ke jethI karIne temanuM lehI reDAyA vinA teo mRtyu pAme. remamAM jyAre vyabhicArI devA-pUjAraNone jIvatI dATavAmAM AvatI hatI tyAre temAM paNa A ja siddhAMta aMtargata hato. vakhata jatAM briti dharmagurUoe manuSyanuM lehI reDavAmAM maNa mUkI nathI. paraMtu zarUAtamAM lehI reDavAnI je atyaMka bIka temane etaramAM rahetI te bIka dayAne phelAvo karavAmAM ghaNI kAma lAgI che. chatAM kAyadAthI gunegArone je sajA thatI tenI sakhtAIne ghaTADe karavAmAM temanA upadezanI asara theDI ja thaI che e vAta lakSamAM levA jevI che. IhAsanuM bArIka avalokana karatAM spaSTa jaNAya che ke kAyadAnA baMdhAraNamAM satyayugane samaya vidharmIonA rAjyamAM AvyuM hatuM; briti dharmanA amalamAM nathI Avyo. anyAya thatuM hoya to te sAMbhaLI nyAya Apa, julamathI dabAI gaelA vargone ucca pAyarIe lAvavA, ane

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| konsTaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 243 bhrAtRbhAvanA siddhAMtane lakSI kAyadA bAMdhavA, ItyAdi aneka agatyanAM baMdhAraNa romanA pAdazAhanA samayamAM ja astitvamAM AvyAM hatAM; ane temAM khristi dharmanA upadezathI thoDo ja vadhAre thayo che. kesTanaTAIne be traNa bAbatemAM sajAnI karatA ghaTADavAnA kAyadA karyA hatA e vAta kharI, paNa bALahatyA, vyabhicAra, baLAtkAra saMga ityAdi bIja gunAo mATe breirita pAdazAha atyaMta sakhata sajA karatA, ane tevI sajAthI thatA motanI saMkhyA vadhI paDI hatI. khristi pAdarIone AsamAnamAM caDAvI temane svataMtra ane pavitra varga sthApavAmAM ane anya dharmIo upara game te rIte ane game te julama karavAnA kAyadAne Dhagalo karavAmAM ja khristi, pAdazAhane samaya vyatIta thayuM che e zocanI vAta che. manuSyanI jIMdagI pavitra che e bristi dharmanA siddhAMtathI chelle pariNAma e AvyuM ke Atma hatyAmAM kevaLa pApa gaNAvA lAgyuM. AtmahatyAnI viruddha vidhamAM nItivettAonI dalIla cAra prakAranI hatI. pithA garAsa ane pleTonI dhArmika dalIla evI hatI ke kartavyanI amuka jagAe niyata thaelA ApaNe badhA IzvaranA sipAIo chIe, ane te jagA choDI devI e ApaNuM sarajanahAra IzvaranI sAme baLavo karyA jevuM che. erisToTala ane grIka dhArA-zAstrIonI sAmAjIka dalIla evI hatI ke rAjyanI tahenAtamAM rahevuM e ApaNI pharaja che ane tethI jANuM joIne IdagI tajI devI e rAjya pratye ApaNuM pharajano parityAga karavA jevuM che. manuSyanuM gaurava najaramAM rAkhI lUTArka ityAdi evI dalIla karatA ke hiMmatathI mAthe paDatuM duHkha sahana karavAmAM kharekharUM haiye samAeluM che; ane tethI AtmahatyA karavAmAM bAyalApaNuM che. navIna pleTa-matanA alakhavAda kivA guhyArthivAdanI evI dalIla hatI ke cittanI saghaLI jAtanI vyagratAmAM A tmAnI bhraSTatA samAelI che ane cittanI vyagratAne lIdhe AtmahatyA thatI hovAthI temAM gune bane che. A cethI dalIlane khristionA upadezamAM kAMI sthAna prApta thatuM nathI. ane bIjI dalIlanI asara paNa temAM nahi

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244 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. vat che. svadezAbhimAna kartavya che e vicArane zarUAtanI khristi saMsthA, bilakula utejana ApatI nahi. vaLI trIjA saikAmAM e saMsthAnuM daSTibiMdu sanyAsa jIvana hatuM. ane A daSTibiMdune dhakake pahoMcADayA vinA Atma-hatyA virUddha sAmAjIka dalIlanI tarapheNa karavI azakya hatI. pitAnA kuTuMba pratye paNa mANasanI pharaja hoya che e dalIla AtmahatyA virUddha sAmAjIka dalIla karatAM vadhAre baLavAna che ane avAcIna samayamAM eja dalIla nizcayAtmaka gaNAya che; paNa te dalIla khristioe ane vidharmIoe bhAgye ja karI che. pitAnI sattA saMpUrNa ane niraMkuza che evA vicArathI vidharmIo paricita hatA ane bristio nItine paraleka sAthe saMbaddha karavAnA atyaMta utsuka hatA; tethI pitAnI pitAnA kuTuMba pratyenI javAbadArI tarapha temanuM lakSa kheMcAyuM nahotuM. manuSya-gauravanI trIjI dalIla paNa khritidharmane bahu anukULa Ave evI nahotI; kAraNa ke manuSya kevaLa adhama che ane tethI dInatAmAM ja tenuM kartavya raheluM che evo e saMsthAne abhiprAya hate. chatAM dhIrajathI du:kha sahana karI kharI hiMmata batAvavAno Agraha brihita lekhake vAraMvAra karatA. paraMtu ApaNe badhA izvaranA sevako chIe, ane A duniyAmAM ApaNe mATe prabhue niyata karelI pharaja enI ja IcchAthI ApaNe bajAbe javI eja ApaNuM parama kartavya che evI dalIla khristio AtmahatyA virUddha vAraMvAra ApatA ane A siddhAMta ghaNe khare prasaMge AtmahatyA aTakAvavA samartha tha; kAraNa ke Izvara rakSaNa karavA samartha che e vAtano inakAra sUcave e AtmahatyA jevo bIjo eke gune nathI. A bAbata paratve AvA sAmAnya upadezanI sAthe samajutI ane dhAstInAM bIje to paNa bisti gurUo umeratA. teo kahetA ke manuSya jaMdagI ati pavitra che. ane tethI karIne AtmahatyA karanAre kharuM jotAM khUnane ja gune kare che ane tethI parakamAM khUnInA jevI ja bhayaMkara sajA tene thavAnI che. uparAMta IzvaranI IcchAne tAbe thaI AnaMdathI rahevAnA sadAcArane nItinA kAmamAM teo uca sthAna ApatA. tethI bhaviSyanA

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. kesTanaTAIthI zArlamena sudhI. 245 sukhanI AzA baMdhAtAM jIdagImAM dArUNa duHkhanA samaye paNa eka jAtane AnaMdajanaka dilAse maLe che, ane AsthAnI vRttithI ane prArthanAthI hRdaya khAlI thatAM jiMdagInA aMdhakAramAM koI gahana ane avarya prakAza paDe che. vaLI duHkhamAM paNa AzAjanaka ane ArAma sUcaka cihane hoya che ane tethI IzvaranuM DahApaNa jaNAya che. AvI AvI dalIlathI kevaLa nirAzAnA samaye paNa zAMti maLI zakatI. A pramANe duHkhamAM paNa zreya che e khristi siddhAMtathI A bAbatamAM je asara thaI te asara duHkhamAM aniSTa nathI e vidharmIonA siddhAMtathI kadi paNa nahatI thaI. paNa be prakAranI AtmahatyA pratye khristio kaIka kSamA-daSTi rAkhatA ane temanA upara DhAMka pIcho karatA. dharmavIro zodhI zodhIne mRtyu heratA te ane khristi strIo dhArmika julama samaye potAnuM pAtivaya sAcavavA ApaghAta karatI te dhArmika satAvaNIthI pragaTI nIkaLelA jussAne samaye, ane AkhI jIMdagInAM pApa eka kSaNamAM dharma vIratAthI bhusAI jAya che ane te du:kha sahana karanArane ekadama svargIya sukha ane majAone bheTa thaI jAya ke enI mAnyatAnI asarane lIdhe, utsAhanA ubharAmAM mANase vidharmane nyAyAdhIzonI pAse deDI jaI dharmavIratAnI mAgaNI kare ane temane mRtyunI sajA karavA u-- kere e vAta asAdhAraNa nathI. ane je ke khristi vRddhonA lekhone ane saMsthAnI dharmasabhAone avAja evA zedhI zodhIne vahorelA mRtyune ekaMdare gunArUpa gaNato. tathApi saMsthAnA dharmalekhake evAM manuSyanI bahu prazaMsA karatA. paraMtu jyAre dhArmika satAvaNI karanArAo pitAne kalaMka lAge evI zikSA karaze evo bhaya rahe tyAre pitAnI AbarU jALavavA, agara viSayAMdha zahenazAho ke jaMgalI humalo karanArAonA jUlamathI bacI javA, je khristi strIo AtmahatyA karatI temanA saMbaMdhamAM vadhAre gaMbhIra muzkelI ubhI thaI hatI. saMta pelejIyA ke je mAtra paMdara ja varSanI chokarI hatI, jene saMsthAe saMtanI padavI ApI che ane jenAM

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246 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. mi phATate vakhANa saMta aMbrojha ane saMta krisastame kyAM che te saMta pele. chayAne sipAIoe keda pakaDI hatI. paraMtu kapaDAM paheravAnI rajA meLavI pitAnI oraDImAM javAne nhAne gharanA chAparAM upara te caDI gaI ane tyAMthI nIce paDI marI gaI. enTIoka zaheranI dminA nAmanI eka khristi strIne be dIkarIo hatI ane e banne dIkarIo soMdarya ane bhaktine mATe paMkAtI hatI. DAyokaleziyananI satAvaNImAM A traNe pakaDAyAM, ane pitAnI Ijjata lUTAvAne bhaya lAgatAM mA ane dIkarIo traNe nadImAM paDI mRtyune zaraNa thayAM ane vizaddha rahyAM. remanA hAkemanI khristi strInA sauMdaryathI mesenTimasa rajA mehita thayo. rAjAnA saghaLA anunaya vyartha gayA tyAre pitAnA nekare pAse te strIne tenA gharamAMthI ghasaDI magAvI. tyAre te vaphAdAra patnIe rAjAnI IcchAne AdhIna thavA pahelAM eka kSaNa pitAnA oraDAmAM javAnI rajA mAgI ane remanA strIne chAjatI hiMmatathI pitAnI chAtImAM charI bhUkI marI gaI. AvA dAkhalAnI prAthamika khristi gurUoe bahu prazaMsA karI che tethI keTalAka TeTa vivAdakenI naitika lAgaNI bahu duHkhAya che, ane keTalAka kelika vivAdake paNa gucavAya che. paraMtu dhArmika matamatAMtarane lIdhe jemaNe sadAcAranI svAbhAvika lAgaNI cheka naTa thavA dIdhI nathI temane temanA bacAvanI koI jarUra raheze nahi. zarUAtanI briti saMsthAmAM AvA prakAranI AtmahatyAne ja kAMIka paravAnagI hatI. saMta abrojha vhImAM nhAtAM, ane saMta jeroma vadhAre hiMmatathI, tenI himAyata karatA. paraMtu elerikanA sipAIoe rema sara karavAthI jyAre A prazna bahu AgaLa Avyo tyAre, emAM uDAM utarI sita gAIne niNaya Apyo ke evA ApaghAta jegone lIdhe game teTalA prasaMzanIya thatA hoya chatAM temAM pApa ja che. kethalika dharmagurUoe A abhiprAya have ekaMdare mAnya rAkhyo che ane pelegyA DennitAnI AtmahatyAne khulAso teo ema kahI kare che ke teo e te khAsa prerI NAthI prerAI e kArya karyuM hatuM. chatAM je sAdhuo aMdagIne Avazyaka

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kesTanaTAInathI zAlamena sudhI. 247 rAka tajIne tapa karatA ane tethI spaSTa rIte pitAnI jIdagIne TUMkI karI nAkhatA temanI atyaMta prazaMsA teo karatA hatA. dhIme dhIme thatI A AtmahatyA pratye leke kevI dRSTithI jotA hatA tenuM eka vilakSaNa dRSTAMta saMta jereme blesilA nAmanI eka yuvAna sAbInA jIvana vRttAMtamAM sAcavI rAkhyuM che. cothA saikAnA dhArmika abhiprAya pramANe A bAIe paraNavAne gune karyo hato, paNa paraNyA pachI sAta mahinAmAM e bAIne vaidhavya prApta thayuM hatuM, ane Ama A bAInuM sAdhupaNuM ane brahmacarya bane jatAM rahyAM. pachI e bAIne mAMdagIne prasaMga prApta thatAM temAMthI dharmanI prabaLa vRtti tene khurI AvI. tethI vIsa varSanI uMmare e bAI maThamAM gaI. tyAM enI bhakita evA te uMcA prakAranI thatI gaI ke vakhata jatAM pitAnA patinA mRtyu karatAM pitAnA brahmacaryanA bhaMgane mATe tene vadhAre zoca thavA lAge ane tethI te sakhata dehadamana ane tapa karavA lAgI. apavAsathI ja tenuM mRtyu nIpajyuM hatuM evI khAtrIne lIdhe ane tenI janetAnuM chAtI phATa rUdana joI leke gusse thaI gayA ane tenI daphana kriyA vakhate leke uzkerAI pikAravA lAgyA ke sAdhuonI zApita jAtane dezanikAla deve joIe, temane patharA mArI mArI nAkhavA joIe athavA te temane jaLamAM DUbADI devA joIe. paraMtu apavAsa athavA kaSTadAyaka dehadamananA rivAjane khristi saMsthAe nighA hoya ema kayAMI jaNAtuM nathI, ane sAdhuonI moTI saMkhyAe AkarA tapathI aMte dihapatana karyuM hoya ema jaNAI Ave che. paraMtu jANI joIne karelA spaSTa ApaghAta je prAcIna samayanI nItimAM agrasthAna bhAgavatA hatA tevA ApaghAta khristiomAM lagabhaga baMdha thaI gayA hatA. paraMtu te vADAnI bahAra sarakamaseliyana nAmanI zAkhAnA anuyAyIo je cothA saikAthAM pArakAnuM du:kha bhAMgavA gAme gAma bhaTakatA ane nItimAM kharA kheTAnA parIkSake poteja che ema kahetA teo vidharmaonuM apamAna karI dharma-vIra thavA mATe jANI joIne mutyu zodha, ane seMkaDo jaNA bhegA thai uMcI TekarI uparathI utsAha

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248 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. pUrvaka nIce khINamAM kUdI paDI mRtyune zaraNa thatA, kAraNa ke dharma viratAne e paNa eka prakAra che ema teo mAnatA. vaLI dharma-sudhAraNa pahelAM pADI gaNAtA Ahibajese paNa bhayaMkara maMdavADanI veLAe apavAsa karI athavA nasa kholI mRtyunI gatine tvarita karatA hatA. madhyakALamAM kethalikAnA julamathI gAMDA banI asaMkhya yAhudIe ApaghAta karatA hatA. paraMtu khristi samayamAM AtmahatyAnI viruddha dhIme dhIme sakhata kAyadA thavA lAgyA, ane AtmahatyAre pApI gaNavA lAgyo. tenI maraNottara kriyA thatI nahi, ane tenA AtmAnA bhalAne mATe prArthanA karavAmAM AvatI nahi. vaLI muelAnI milkata japta thavA. lAgI ane tenA zabane paNa tarehatarehanAM haDahaDatAM apamAna apAvA lAgyAM, kAraNake saMtAnanI preraNAthI AtmahatyA thAya che evuM manAtuM hatuM, AmAMthI keTalAka kAyadAo arvAcIna samayamAM geravAjabI gaNAya che. dRSTAMta tarIke AtmahatyA karanAranI milkata japta karI tenA vArasone bhIkhArI banAvI mUkavAmAM anyAya spaSTa thAya che. tathApi A kAyadAothI eTalI vAta te spaSTa thAya che ke AtmahatyAthI e vakhate kene kamakamATI upajatI hatI ane vicAra-sAhacaryanA baLe e lAgaNI AvA kAyadAothI ane rivAjethI daDha thatI hatI. uparAMtaAtmahatyA karatI vakhate kapanA regISTa, uzkerAelI ane ati tIvra hoya che. te kalpanAne bhayagrasta karavAnI khAsa yogyatA AvA kAyadAmAM rahelI hoya che. AjubAjune vicAra karI kaI mANasa De peTe AtmahatyA karavAnI vicita yojanA kare te dhArmika, sAmAjIka ane kAyadAnAM pariNAmethI tenI pAchaLa rahetA sagAMonA duHkhamAM bahu vadhAre thaze e vicAranI ghaNI asara tenA upara thatI hovI joIe. AtmahatyA viruddha niraMtara kAyadA thatA hatA tethI ema jaNAya che ke te samaye AtmahatyA te ghaNIha thaze, paraMtu ketholika dharmanA vADAmAM ghaNA saikAo sudhI te kavacita ja thatI. strIoe AtmahatyA karyAnA dAkhalA bahu maLI AvatA nathI, tethI strIo Atma

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kensTanaTAIthI zArlamena sudhI.. 249 - - -~-~ ~-~ hatyA javalle ja karatI haze. paraMtu nArI-pUjAnI zauryavAna samayanI kathA omAM evI AtmahatyAne aNagame jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. ebilA ane saMta thomasa ekavInA ene gune gaNatA; ane AtmahatyA karanArA narakanuM tIvra duHkha bhogave che evuM varNana kavi DAnTa kare che. madhyama kALanA sAdhuo gamagInIne lIdhe AtmahatyA karatA. vaLI kaIdharmanA jhanunathI gAMDA banI ane koI premamAM nAsIpAsa thavAthI AtmaghAta karatA. paraMtu tevA dAkhalA thaDA banatA, ane evA mANasane maThamAM Azraya maLato hovAthI maThanI saMsthA ghaNAne AtmaghAta karatAM bacAvatI hoya e saMbhavita che. kAI paNa kALa karatAM kethalika dharmanA sarvopari kALamAM AtmahatyA ochI thatI hatI e nirvivAda che. kurAnamAM AtmahatyAnI manAI hovAthI musalamAnI dharmane paNa e bAbatamAM ke ha. IzvaranI IrachAne tAbe rahevAne khristi siddhAMta musalamAnI dharmamAM prArabdhavAdanuM rUpa pAmyo, ane A banne dharmonI asarathI sudharelA manuSyomAM AtmahatyA lagabhaga baMdha thaI gaI. ATaluM khristi dharmanuM ja pariNAma che. tyAre have AtmahatyAne pUrepUre ItihAsa paNa TUMkAmAM joI laIe. dharma-sudhAraNAthI paNa AtmahatyAnA dAkhalA vadhyA hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. kAraNa ke ketholika matanI peThe proTesTaMTa mata paNa e bAbatamAM sapta hato. paraMtu amerikAnA mULa vatanIo dAsatva ane krUra julamathI gabharAI ApaghAta karatA, paNa penavAsIo temane kahevA lAgyA ke tamArI vAMse ame paNa ApaghAta karI paralekamAM paNa tamane kanaDazuM, tyAre te baMdha paDI gayA. yuropamAM DAkaNe upara ghaNe julama thatuM ane tenA trAsathI ghaNI DozIo ApaghAta karatI. kevaLa gAMDapaNane lIdhe paNa ghaNIvAra mANase ApaghAta karatA. nepalsanA paragaNAmAM paMdaramA saikAnI A kharathI te sattaramA saikAnI Akhara sudhI eka vicitra prakArane unmAda jovAmAM Avyo hato. A unmAda eka jAtanA jherI kaLIA karaDavAthI thato hato. A unmAdamAM lekenAM ToLAM dariyA kinAre bhegAM thatAM ane dariyAnAM AsamAnI ja najare paDatAM eTale jussAthI IzvaranuM yazo

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250 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. gAna karatAM karatAM teo temAM jhaMpalAtAM. AvA ghaNA prakAranA unmAdathI leke ApaghAta karatA hatA. paNa te vaidakazA ane viSaya che, nItizAstrane nathI. paraMtu grIsa ane ramanA sAhityane punarjIvana prApta thatAM, vAjabI ane geravAjabI AtmahatyAno bheda lekamatamAM paDavA lAgyo. tethI jyAre koI rAjadrohI zArIrika yAtanAnA bhayathI trAsa pAmI mitrone bacAvavA AtmaghAta karatA tyAre temAM pite pApa kare che ema te mAnate nahi. sattaramA ane aDhAramA saikAnA prathama ardha bhAgamAM yuropanA bIjA deze karatAM iMglaDamAM AtmahatyAnA dAkhalA vadhAre banatA. sara TaeNmasa mura pitAnA yuTopiyA nAmanA graMthamAM asAdhya rogathI pIDAtA daradIone ja AtmahatyAnI chUTa Ape che. AtmahatyAnA bacAvamAM A samaye ghaNuM lekha paNa lakhAyA che. paraMtu temAM pheMca-utkrAMti samayanA pheMca philasuphanA lekha bIjA karatAM vadhAre asarakAraka che. monTena prAcIna kALanA dAkhalA TAMkI AtmahatyAne vakhANe che. meMTejhakayuM paNa tenI tarapheNa kare che. rUse eka patramAM AtmahatyAnA bacAvanI dalIla Ape che ane bIjA patramAM temane dAMbhika kahI teDI pADe che ane kahe che ke ghaNIkharI AtmahatyAemAM aMte svArtha ja hoya che. tethI AtmahatyA karavAnI jene jarUra lAge teNe bIjAnuM bhaluM karavAmAM pravRtta thavuM ane tethI jarUra tenA dilane ArAma maLaze ja. vara kahe che ke atyaMta jarUranA prasaMge AtmahatyA karavI vAjabI che. nirIzvaravAdI halabeMka paNa tenI tarapheNamAM hatuM. dharma bhAvanAmAM saMDe pisavAthI AtmahatyAmAM gaMbhIra prakAranuM pApa che evuM bhAna lekene rahyuM nahi tethI, ane jamAnAnI dayA ane kAyadAnI hadanI vadhAre spaSTa samajaNane lIdhe, te bAbatamAM krUra kAyadA virUddha loka lAgaNI ubhI thaI. bekeriA kahetA ke evA sakhata kAyadAthI maranAranA vArasane anyAya thAya che, ane jeNe ApaghAta karavAne nizcaya ja karyo haze te evA kAyadAthI paNa tema karatAM aTakavAnuM nathI. tAtvika caLavaLanA atyaMta sudharelA samayamAM eTale I. sa. 179nA arasAmAM paNa pira

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- konsTanaTAInathI zArlamena rIara nAmanA AtmahatyArAnA zabane pArIsanI zerIomAM udhe mAthe ghasaDavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, pachI tene udhe mAthe phAMsIe laTakAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ane pachI tene gaTaramAM pheMkI devAmAM AvyuM hatuM. AvA kAyadAne aMta kaeNca utkrAMtinA vakhate AvyA, ane tyAre badhA prakAranI svataMtratAnI sAthe motanI svataMtratA paNa lokone maLI. ane pachI turata ja AtmahatyAnI saMkhyA vadhI paDI. kema jANe ke mUrtipUjakane kALa pAcho Avyo heya tema khristi dharmanI asara thoDeka vakhata te asta thaI gaI. paraMtu utkrAMtine pavana jatAM AtmahatyAno pavana paNa ocho thayo ane jUnA vicAra pAchA pagabhara thayA. paraMtu AtmahatyA viruddha ghaNAkharA kAyadA rada thaI gayA hatA te rada thaelA ja rahyA. tathApi jANI bujIne je ApaghAta kare tenI milkata rAjyamAM japta thAya e krUra dhAre hajI IMglAMDanA kAyadAmAM hayAta hatA, jo ke tene amala thato nahi. sane 1870 mAM e kAyadAno aMta Avyo. . khristi gurUonI keTalIka dalIla che ke atyAre svIkAravAmAM AvatI nathI, te paNa A bAbatamAM ekaMdare temane abhiprAya mAnya che. eka nAnakaDA suMdara graMthamAM meDama sTAele A bAbatamAM zAMta, niSpakSa ane vicArazIla bhaktibhAvathI nirNaya karyo che. te kahe che ke AtmahatyA eTale khUna ja, athavA hamezAM ke ghaNuM karIne te bhIratAnuM pariNAma che e prAcIna dhArmika dalIla svIkAravAnI agatyatA nathI. vaLI AtmahatyAre paralokamAM ati duHkhI thAya evI dhArmika dhAstIthI paNa mANasane gabharAvavAnI jarUra nathI. paraMtu je mANasanI jIMdagI suMdara rIte sadAcArI ane pavitra hoya che tene AtmahatyA karavAnI icchA kadi uddabhavatI ja nathI, ane kadi uddabhave to paNa tene kAbumAM rAkhavA e samartha hoya che. duHkhane lIdhe mANasamAM kamaLatA, vizuddhi ane cAritryamAM gAMbhIrya Ave che; ane IzvaranI IcchAne tAbe rahI vartavuM e ApaNuM uMcA prakAranuM kartavya che: eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu evI TevathI atyaMta pavitra prakAranA dIlAso ApaNane maLe che ane ApaNA cAritryane ucca karavA mATe evI sthiti

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para yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa Avazyaka che. manuSyanA gauravanuM kharuM mApa tenI nitAthI thAya che. sArA mANasanI najara hamezAM bIjAnA zreya upara ja hoya che. jarUra paDe te bIjAne mATe pitAnI jIMdagI game tevI sukhI heya to paNa tene bhoga Apa; ane jarUra paDe che te jIMdagI game tevI kaSTadAyaka hoya paNa te jArI rAkhavI. tethI kartavyanI khAtara je pitAnI jIMdagIne bhAga Ape te dharma-vIra, ane pitAnuM du:kha maTADavA je potAnA saMjoganI sAme thaI mare te AtmahatyAre. khristi dharmanI asaradhArA AvA vicAro hAlamAM yurepamAM pracalita che. tethI gAMDapaNa ke evI jAtanA rega athavA pArAvAra duHkhane lIdhe ja hAla ApaghAta thatA ApaNe sAMbhaLIe chIe. tathApi gaNanAtmaka kaThA ( Statistics)thI jaNAya che ke AtmahatyAno pracAra tvarAthI vadhata jAya che ane je prajAnAM mAnasika vikAsa ane sAmAnya saMskRti ghaNI ucA prakAranI hoya che tenuM te e khAsa lakSaNa hoya che. A vAtane khulAse karavA ghaNAM kAraNe ApI zakAya tema che. mAnasika pravRttiomAM dIvAnApaNuM upajAvavAnI khAsa yogyatA rahelI che. vaLI kaI ApaghAta kare che te vAta chApAdvArA hAla ThekANe ThekANe prasiddha thaI jatI hovAthI nabaLAM mANase tenI nakala karavA AkarSAya che. vaLI kevaLa jaMgalI dazAne vicAra alaga rAkhIne vAta karIe te atyaMta sudhArAnA samayamAM ekadare AbAdI vadhe che e vAta kharI, paNa sAthe sAthe atyaMta kaleza ane tIvra saMtApa paNa Ave e paNa saMbhavita che. lAkho je kamAya kadi lAkha khue paNa kharA. sudhArAne lIdhe mAtra vilAsanI vastuo chaMdagInI jarUrIAte gaNavA lAge che, ane tethI karIne temanI mAlIkIne AnaMda maTI gayA pachI lAMbA kALa sudhI temanA javAthI tIvra duHkha thAya che. vaLI sudhArAne lIdhe cAritryamAM komaLatA AvatAM duHkhanI lAgaNuM khAsa karIne tIvratara thAya che. vaLI dhArmika saMzayatAne lIdhe AtmahatyA pratye upajatI kamakamATI ochI thAya che, ane vakhate ThAmukI paNa jatI rahe che. vaLI pitAnA matamAM Agraha rAkhavAnI Teva, rAjakIya svataMtratA, mAna

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kosTanaTAInathI zAmena sudhI. 253 sika caMcaLatA, ane audyogika sAhasane lIdhe upajatI Atura ane azAMta tRSNAo-A badhAM hAlanA jamAnAnI pragatinA Avazyaka siddhAMta che, paraMtu tethI satiSane sadAcAra kevaLa durlabha thato jAya che, ane IzvaranI icchAne AdhIna rahevAnI Teva ke je kharekharA duHkhane vakhate dIlAsarUpa thAya che te Teva tethI nirmaLa thatI jAya che. manuSyanI jIMdagInI pavitratA para khristi dharma zuM karyuM che te ApaNe joyuM. have bhrAtRbhAva ane janahiteSaNa bAbata teNe zuM karyuM che te ApaNe joIe; ane prathama gulAmagIrInI bAbata tapAsIe. gulAmagIrInI prathA vAjabI che e saMpUrNa svIkAra vidharmIomAM hato. paraMtu eMIka matane upadeza evo hato ke sarva manuSyo sarakhAM che. tethI senikA ityAdi kahetA ke gulAme pratye mAyALupaNe vartavAnI zeThanI pharaja che. chatAM gulAma pratye ghaNI vakhata nirdaya krUratA vaparAtI hatI. A krUratA baMdha karavA ghaNuM kAyadA thayA hatA, ane chevaTe gulAmane mArI nAkhavAnI sattA zeThane rahI nahotI. chatAM gulAma upara julama ghaNe te ane thoDIka yogya sajA karatAM gulAma marI jAya to zeTha javAbadAra gaNAte nahi. gulAmane mArI nAkhavAno ja irAde zeThane hate evI vAta pUravAra thAya to ja zeThane javAbadAra gaNavAne kAyado hato. vidharmI ane khristi rAjyonA saMkrAti kALe gulAmone be jAtanAM saMkaTa mukhya hatAM; kAyadAmAM temanAM lagnane kevaLa asvIkAra hato ane zeTha tene dUra rIte rIbAvI duHkha daI zakate. jasTiniyananA samaya pahelAM khristi pAdazAhe paNa gulAmanI jAtane halakI gaNI temane kAyadAnA saMrakSaNanI bahAra rAkhavAnuM gya gaNatA hatA. paraMtu dhIme dhIme kAyadAne lAbha gulAmane maLavA lAge ane temane temanAM kuTuMbathI vikhuTA pADavA nahi e ghaNe dayALu kAyado kensTanaTAIne karyo hato. vaLI gulAmone chUTA karavAnI kriyA ravivAre devaLamAM thavA lAgI. sivAya ghaNuM kAyadA thavA lAgyA. gulAma varga ane svataMtra varga vacce lagnanI sakhata manAI

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254 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. thaI ane vyabhicAranI bAbatamAM AgaLanA karatAM paNa vadhAre sakhata kAyadA thayA. A badhA kAyadAmAM ekaMdare pragati dekhAya che, paNa khristio. baDAI mAre che tevI te nahatI. basa varSa paryata gulAmanA saMbaMdhamAM kAyadAnI sthiti lagabhaga evI ne evI ja rahI hatI. paraMtu jasTiniyananA samayamAM ghaNuM ja agatyanA kAyadA thayA hatA. prathama te gulAmenI svata tratA upara je je aMkuza vidhamAM kAyadAe mUkyA hatA te badhA eNe rada karyA. ane tethI khristi dharmanI saMpUrNa asara thavAne avakAza prApta thayo. bIjuM, gulAma, svataMtra thaele gulAma, ane svataMtra nAgarikae vargone mada eNe bhUsI nAkhe; ane svataMtra thaelA gulAmane nAgarikanA lagabhaga badhA haka prApta thayA. trIjuM, pitAnA zeDanI rajA laI gulAmane svataMtra strI sAthe paraNavAnI eNe Ta ApI. ane gulAma strInuM rakSaNa karavAne paNa eNe kAyado karyo hato. paraMtu A bAbatamAM khristi dharmanI asara anya rIte bahu thaI che. siddhAMtamAM gulAmagIrIne svIkAra khristi dharmanA jevuM bIjuM kaI karatuM nathI, kAraNa ke ANAdhinatA ane mUMge meMhe tAbe rahevAnI pharaja e te dharmamAM mUkhya gaNI che. kudaratI rIte sai mANase sarakhAM ja che, gulAmane bhAI ane sebatI tarIke gaNavAnI darekanI pharaja che, ane temanA tarapha kUra vartaNuka rAkhavAmAM pApa che, evuM evuM khristi gurUo bahu belatA. paraMtu senika, epikaTeTasa ItyAdi vidharmIo paNa ema ja bolatA. hatA; chatAM khristi dharma gulAmagIrIne nAza karavA samartha kema thaye e vAta jANavA jevI che. A sevA khristi dharma traNa prakAre karI zakyo che. prathama te, devaLamAM thatI prArthanA ane prAyazcitamAM A dharma saune sarakhA gaNate ane temAM zeTha ane gulAmane bheda bilakula rAkhavAmAM AvatA nahi. vaLI prabhu bhojana pachI thatA premessavamAM ane jAhera prArthanA ityAdimAM sI jeDA jeDa besatA, ane gulAmanuM meta nIpajAvavA mATe zeThane rAjya taraphathI kAMI zikSA thatI nahi te samaye A khristi dharma evA zeThane

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kensTanaTAinathI zAlamena sudhI. 255 prabhu-bhojanamAMthI bAtala karato. vaLI strI gulAmenI AbarU sAcavavA mATe paNa saMsthAe cIvaTa rAkhI kAyadA karyA hatA. vaLI chUTo thaele gulAma pAdarI paNa thaI zakato ane evA gulAma AgaLa meTA tAle. vaMta zeThIAo paNa ghaNIvAra ghUMTaNIe paDI temane AziravAda yAcatA. bIjo prakAra e hato ke sevakavargane khristi dharma naitika gaurava apyuM mAnI jIdagI ke jenA pratye lokone gaMbhIra prakAranuM mAna uparyuM hatuM te jaMdagInI sAthe e dharma nirdhanatA ane mahenatane joDI dIdhI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa jamAnAnA naitika dRSTibiMdumAM eNe navA pheraphAra karyA; tethI A bAbatamAM e saphaLatA prApta karI zake. gulAmanI potAnI sthitine mATe nahi, paNa e sthitine lIdhe temanuM je cAritrya baMdhAI gayuM hatuM tene laIne, gulAmo pratye vidharmI lekhake bahu tiraskAranI dRSTithI jotA. sevaka varganuM cAritraya temane mana durAcAranuM bIjuM nAma mAtra hatuM. sise kahe ke gulAmanA cAritryamAM kaI mahAna ke uttama hoI ja zake nahi, ane pleTasanA nATakanA dareka pravezamAM gulAmanI evI ja gaNanA karelI che. AmAM keTalAka apavAda paNa hatA e vAta kharI che. epikaTeTasanuM cAritrya umadAmAM umadhuM hatuM ane remamAM tevuM gaNAtuM hatuM. potAnA svAmI pratye gulAmonI nimakahalAlInAM vAraMvAra vakhANa thatAM. ane bIjI bAbatanI piThe AmAM paNa senikA garIbone belI hate. tathApi gulAme pratye tira skAranI dRSTi sAmAnya hatI emAM koI zaMkA nathI, ane ghaNe aMze vidharmI saMsAramAM te vAjabI paNa hatI. dareka jamAnAmAM pitApitAnuM naitika dRSTibiMdu hoya che ane e daSTibiMdune lakSI badhA sadAcArI manuSyanuM vartana thAya che. vaLI jIvananA dareka bhinna bhinna pradezamAM paNa amuka amuka jAtane namune upajAvavAnuM khAsa valaNa hoya che, ane te pradeza amuka jAtanA sadAcArane khAsa karIne anukULa hoya che ane anya prakAranA sadAcArane khAsa karIne pratikULa hoya che. jeTale aMze jamAnAnA naitika namunAnI sAthe dareka vargane A namune ekAkAra thAya che, teTale aMze leke tenI ucca gaNanA kare che ane kharekharI nIti paNa temAM teTalI ja

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256 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. hoya che. have, ApaNe je eTalI vAta lakSamAM rAkhIe ke mahAzayatA, AtmAzraya, gaurava, svataMtratA, arthAta cAritryanI uMcI najara ja remana lamAM sadAcAranuM zikhara gaNAtuM hatuM, te spaSTa che ke A namune khAsa karIne svataMtra manuSyone mATe ja gyA hoya che ane gulAmanI dazA tenA vikAsane mATe ghaNA moTA aMze pratikULa hoya che. paraMtu sevaka varganA sadAcArane nItinA namunAmAM agrasthAna khristi dharma ja prathama ApyuM. dInatA, AjJAdhInatA, naramAza, sahanazIlatA, IzvaranI cchiAne AdhIna rahevAnI Teva, ityAdi guNe khrista cAritryamAM mukhya athavA mudAnA sadAcAra che. vidharmIo A sadAcAranA bedarakAra rahyA hatA athavA temanI halakI gaNanA temaNe karI hatI, paraMtu A saghaLA sadAcAra sevaka varganI sthitimAM vikAsa pAmI AbAda thaI zake evA hato. tethI naitika namunAnI dRSTi sevaka varga pratye khristI dharma pheravI nAkhI e vAta ghaNI agatyanI ane lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI che. koI amuka varganA khAsa sadAcArane je koI dharma pitAnA ja khAsa sadAcAra gaNI zake te te dharmanA sAmAjIka ane rAjakIya saMbaMdho upara tenI ghaNI ja gaMbhIra asara utpanna thAya che; arthAta sadAcAranI amuka jAtane athavA samUhane je kaI dharma prAdhAnya Ave te samAjamAM ane rAjyamAM te dharmane saMbaMdha ghaNo gaMbhIra thaI jAya che. sevaka varganI sthitine je khAsa sadAcAra anukULa che te sadAcAra prAcIna kALamAM eTaluM te ochuM mAna pAmatA ke pitAne baMdhabesatA pradezamAM paNa te keLavAtA nahotA. sArAM mANasonI mahad IcchAo tadana judI ja dizAmAM pravRtta rahetI hatI. Ikane sadAcAra saMkaTane samaye khIlI nIkaLate te halakI sthitimAM ghaNuM karIne hamezAM karamAI ja. khristi dharmanI asarane lIdhe nItinI mahAna caLavacaLa sevaka-vargamAM utpanna thaI. tethI karIne sevaka-vargamAM mahAna nItinA saMskAra janma pAmyA, ane jathAbaMdha gulAme khristio thavA lAgyA. ane ghaNu gulAma dharmavIra banI saMtanI padavIne prApta thayA. A pramANe dhikkAranI je najarathI zeTha gulAma pratye jotA hatA tene khristi

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konsTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 257 dharma nAza karyo ane gulAmonA hRdayamAM nItine siddhAMta sthApIne temane eNe uddhAra karyo. trIjo prakAra e hato ke gulAmene mukta karAvavAne khristi dharmane prayAsa satata cAlu rahyA hatA. kensTanaTAInanA kAyadAthI temane mukta karavAnI kriyA pAdarI varganI dekharekha taLe mUkANI; ane jene maThamAM javuM hoya athavA pAdarI thavuM hoya tene gulAmagIrImAMthI chUTA thavA mATe khAsa sagavaDatA karI Ape evA ghaNA kAyadA thayA. AthI karIne gulAmane TA karavAnuM kAma pavitra manAvA lAgyuM. ane je ke te karavAnuM kartavya che agara AvazyakatA che evuM jAheramAM kathana thatuM nahi, tathApi karelAM pApa mATe prAyazcita karavAno sauthI sarasa rasto e che ke gulAmone chUTA karavA agara karAvavA evI mAnyatA khristi dharma ubhI karI, ane te te pramANe upadeza karavA lAgyA. evuM kahevAya che ke saMta meleniyAe ATha hajAra gulAmone chUTA karyA hatA; tyAdi-ghaNuM gRhastha paNa pitAnA gulAmone chUTA karavA lAgyA hatA. Ama gulAmane TA karavA e dharmanuM kArya manAvA lAgyuM. ane dareka zubha prasaMge ane aneka nimitte A kArya thavA lAgyuM. maMdavADamAMthI uThatAM manuSyo pitAnA gulAmone chUTA karatA; bALakane janma thAya tenI khuzAlImAM gulAme mukta thatA; maratI vakhate dharmanuM kAma jANI mANase gulAmone chUTA karatA; pitAnI pAchaLa gulAmone chUTA karavA evAM vasiatanAmAM paNa thavA lAgyAM. pitAnA AtmAnI zAMti arthe gulAmone svataMtratAnI bakSIsa karavI e vAta madhyakALanA jamAnAmAM moTe dharmAde gaNAtA hatA. teramA saikAmAM jyAre dhArmika utsavone prasaMge TA karavAne gulAma kAnsamAM nahotA, tyAre jUnA kALamAM e prasaMge AvI kherAta thatI hatI e batAvavAnI khAtara pAMjarAmAM keda paDelA kabutarane uDADI mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. ane Izu khristane nAme kedIo hajI paNa kadi chUTe che. * - tathApi konsTanaTAInanA samaya pachI lagabhaga AThasa varSa paryata gulAmagIrIne rivAja yuropamAM cAlu rahyo hato, ane je samayanI ApaNe

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258 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. -~- ~ -~ A graMthamAM vAta karavAnI che temAM paNa joke tenuM svarUpa pharI gayuM hatuM ane tenAM duHkha ochAM thaI gayAM hatAM, te paNa temAM gulAmenI saMkhyA vidharmI sAmrAjyanA samaya karatAM ghaNuM karIne vadhAre hatI. pazcima rAjyamAM gulAmenI A sthitimAM pheraphAra jaMgalIonI chatane lIdhe e dizAmAM thaye che. jaMgalI kedIonI Avaka baMdha thaI, meTAM kuTuMba ke je gulAmane moTe rasAle rAkhatA hatA te kuTuMba have nirdhana thaI javAthI gulAma rAkhI zakatA nahi; zaherI jIvana ekaMdare ghaTI gayuM; ane jaMgalIomAM jAtanI svataMtratA sAcavavAnI Teva hatI, A badhAM kAraNene lIdhe gulAmagIrIne jUne prakAra aTakI gayo. paraMtu durdazA ane anizcita avasthA ne lIdhe kheDUta varganI moTI saMkhyA saMrakSaNanI khAtara pitAnI svataMtratA pADezI amIrane vecI devA lAgI. pUrva rAjyamAM karanA bejAthI lekonI samRddhi ochI thatAM vadhAre paDatA gulAme kaI rAkhatuM nahi. vaLI khetIne uttejana ApavAnI khAtara gulAma-kheDUtone pite kheDatA hoya te jamIna upara kAyama rAkhavAnA kAyadA thayA. vakhata jatAM AvA gulAmeno meTe bhAga ane lagabhaga badhA svataMtra kheDUto dAsa-kheDu (Serfs) nA nAmathI prasiddha eka prakAranI gulAmagIrInI dazAne prApta thayA. ane pachI A pAyA upara jAgIra-saMsthA (Feudalism) nAmanI vyavasthAnI ImArata caNAI. AThamA saikAnI AkharamAM kaI gulAmane tenA dezanI bahAra vecavAnI manA thaI. ITAlImAM svataMtra zaheranI utpatti, je gulAma lazkaramAM seMdhA hoya tene chUTA karavAno rivAja, Arthika parivartanane lIdhe gulAmanI majurI karatAM svataMtra majurIthI thatA phAyade, ane A badhAM kAraNenI sAthe dhArmika udeza bhaLatAM chevaTe majura varga svataMtra thaye. dharmAdAnA kAma tarIke gulAmone chUTA karavAne cAla chevaTa paryata cAlu rahyA hatA. paraMtu popAMDityam batAvanArA dharmagurUo, saMsthAnA lAbhanI khAtara, bIjAne je upadeza teo ApatA te pramANe pote ja cAlatA nahi. chatAM bAramA saikAmAM yuropamAM gulAme javalleja jovAmAM AvatA; ane temAM saikAmAM te gulAmagIrI lagabhaga lepa pAmI gaI hatI,

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kesTanaTAIthI zAlamena sudhI. 259 vaLI vArasAmAM utarI AvatI gulAmagIrIne aMta ANavA khristi dharma pitAnI je vaga vAparI che te vaga gulAmagIrIne maLatI eka bIjI bAbata para paNa teNe bahu vAparI che; ane te bAbata laDAImAM pakaDAelA kedIone dAsatvamAMthI mukta karAvavAnI hatI. khristi saMsthAne prayAsa A bAbatamAM satata ane bahu uttama prakArano hato. jaMgalIonA humalAnA trAsadAyaka samaye jyAre AkhA deza pAyamAla thaI gayo hate. ane moTAM moTAM zahera cheDA mahInAmAM ujaDa thaI gayAM hatAM, jyAre samAjanuM AkhuM baMdhAraNa chinnabhinna thaI gayuM hatuM, ane jyAre iTAlinA zaNagArarUpa yuvAna purUSe duzmanonI tIkhI taravAranA bhoga thaI . paDayA hatA athavA kedI thaI rahyA hatA, tyAre kedIonuM duHkha ochuM karavAne satata prayatna khristi gurUoe karyo che. gUtha lekanA hAthamAM sapaDAelA keTalAka kedIone choDavavA saMta aMbrojhe milAnanA devaLanA keTalAMka ghareNuM paNa vecyAM hatAM, ane eriyana matavALAe tenA A kAryane dharma-bhraSTatA kahI ghaNuM nivuM hatuM paNa tenI darakAra eNe karI nahotI. A rivAja tvarAthI sarvatra prasarI gaye. jyAre remanA lazkare sAta hajAra IrAnI kedIone pakaDayA paNa temane nIbhAvavAnI nA pADI, tyAre emaDAnA dharmAdhyakSe kahyuM ke Izvarane sonArUpAnA thALa ane vAsaNa nI jarUra nathI; ane pitAne hastaka saMsthAnA je kiMmatI dAgInA hatA te eNe vecI nAkhyA, ane khristi dharmanA virodhI hovA chatAM IrAnIene choDAvI temane vatana temanA rAjAne mokalI dIdhA. kArbejanA bizape paNa romana kedIone evI ja rIte choDAvyA hatA ane ghaNA saMte ema karatA hatA. A kAmane mATe sate eka bIjAne nANuM paNa mokalatA. hajAre kedIone A pramANe chUTake thatuM. saMta elijIyase te pitAnI AkhI milkata e kAmamAM rokI hatI. saMta sirepiyana ItyAdie to pitAnI pAse jyAre kAMI na rahyuM tyAre pitAnI jAtane vecIne paNa evI sahAya karI hatI. lAMbA samaya pachI musalamAna lokonA humalAthI yuropanI pAchI evI dazA thavA lAgI hatI tyAre paNa evI ja dayA khristioe

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~-~~-~-- 260 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. -~~ karI hatI ane khristi kedIone choDAvyA hatA. ane bAramA ane teramA saikAmAM khristi kadIone choDAvavA khAsa saMsthAo paNa ubhI thaI hatI. je viSayanI ApaNe vAta karIe chIe tenI jUdI jUdI zAkhAo eka bIjAmAM evI otapAta thaelI che ke temAMthI ekane alaga pADI tenuM nirikSaNa karavuM bahu muzkela che. bALa-saMrakSaNamAM, manuSya-dagInI ucca gaNanA karAvavAmAM, ane gulAmagIrInAM duHkha ochAM karAvavAmAM, khristi dharma je je karyuM che tenuM vivecana karatAM, khristi saMsthAe sthApelI sakhAvatonI vyavasthA paratve paNa ApaNe ghaNuM kahevuM paDayuM che. sakhAvata paratve khristi ane vidharma samAjone bheda ghaNe gaMbhIra che; paNa ghaNe bhAge A bhedanAM kAraNuM dhArmika nathI, paNa anya che. jyAM manuSyo moTe bhAge svataMtra chatAM nidhana ya che tyAM ja sakhAvata karavAne ghaNo avakAza rahe che. prAcIna samAjamAM garIbAIne sthAne ghaNe bhAge gulAmagIrI rahetI, ane ghaNA moTA pramANamAM garIbanuM gujarAna cokkasa rIte thatuM hovAthI, dharmAdAnuM kSetra ghaNuM saMkucita rahetuM. ane atyaMta garIba leke ramamAM gulAma thaI rahetA, te tethI kAMIka uMcI paMktinAM mANaso amIra umarAvanA Azrita thaI rahetA. vaLI prAcIna samAjamAM kaMgALane du:khamukta karavA e rAjyanuM ghaNuM agatyanuM kartavya lekhAtuM. tethI karIne dharmAdAnI saMsthAo uparathI ja khristi ane vidhama samAjenI tulanA karavAmAM temane anyAya thAya e spaSTa che. paraMtu vidharmIoe sakhAvatanI bAbatamAM zuM zuM karyuM hatuM te ApaNe joIe. prAcIna grIsamAM garIbene nIbhAvavAnA uddeze ghaNuM upAya jAyA hatA, paNa e vAta eka kAre rAkhIne remanA garIbone ja vicAra je ApaNe karIe te ApaNane mAlama paDe che ke saikAo paryata romamAM garIbanA ghaNuM moTA bhAgane nIbhAva anAjanI maphata vaheMcaNI upara thata hato. temanA eka prAcIna kALamAM paNa koIkoI prasaMge Ama anAja maphata vahecAtuM hatuM. paraMtu romIya varSa 630 mAM kAyado thayo ke mAtra

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kensTanaTAinathI zArlamena sudhI. 261 nAmanI ja kiMmate garIbane anAja pUruM pADavuM. paraMtu A kAyadAne satata amala thato nahi ane vAraMvAra tene sajIvana kare paData. sIjharanA lAbhamAM aneka garIba rahetA hatA te jaI tenI jokapriyatA aTakAvavA A kAyadAne bahu baheLo amala romIya varSa 691 mAM karavAmAM Avyo. hato. cAra varSa keDe A nAmanI jUja kiMmata levAtI hatI te paNa kADhI nAkhavAmAM AvI ane tethI garIbone sAva maphata anAja maLavA lAgyuM. A vaheMcaNa mahInAmAM ekavAra thatI ane mAthAdITha Azare doDheka maNa anAja apAtuM. jUliyasa sIjharanA vakhatamAM traNa lAkha ane vIza hajAra mANasone evI rIte anAja maLatuM hatuM. A saMkhyA jUliyasa sIjhare aradhI karI nAkhI hatI. paNa ogasTasanA samayamAM pAchI e saMkhyA be lAkhanI thaI gaI hatI. varasamAM traNa cAra vakhata vaheMcaNI karI nAkhavAnI A zehenazAhanI IcchA thaI hatI, paNa lekanI IcchAne tAbe thaI mahIne mahIne vaheMcaNI karavAno rivAja eNe cAlu rAkhe. pachI thoDA ja samayamAM e vAta remanA jIvanamAM agatyanI thaI paDI; ane anAja pUruM pADavA khAsa amaladAronI nimaNuMka thavA lAgI. remane anAja pUruM pADavAnI vAta prAMtanA hAkemone have mukhya thaI paDI. anAja lenArAnI saMkhyA paNa vadhI paDI, ane vakhate te saMkhyA pAMca lAkha upara paNa thaI jatI. sepTimasa severasa anAjanI sAthe thoDuM thoDuM tela paNa Apate. reliyana mahIne mahIne kAcuM anAja ApavAne badale roja roTalA Apate. ane kAnTinopala, elekjhAMDiyA ItyAdi zaheromAM paNa anAja ApavAne rivAja dAkhala thaI gaye. romanI nItine bhraSTa karanAruM A paNa eka kAraNa hatuM e ApaNe. AgaLa kahyuM che. avivekI sakhAvatathI lenAranuM cAritrya bhraSTa thAya che, paNa denArane tenI lAbhaprada ane komaLa asara thAya che, ane te dvArA ekaMdare samAjane paNa tenI asara thAya che. paraMtu romanI A anAjanI vaheMcaNImAM mAtra rAjakIya mudo ja hovAthI lekenI nItiupara tenI asara bIlakula thaI nahi; ane zArIrika nirbaLatA ke cAritryanA siddhAMta upara nahi

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kara pUrepIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. paNa garIbAInA siddhAMta upara ja te anAja apAtuM hovAthI leke A -Lasu thaI gayA. lekIne khAvAnuM maphata maLatuM ane ramata gamata puSkaLa maLatI; tethI maphatanuM khAvuM ane masIde sUvuM e prakAra thatAM dhaMdhA hunnara nAza pAmyAM; anAja na maLatuM tyAre leke bahu duHkhI thatA; jamIna maphata ApavA chatAM paNa pramANika mahenata kaI karatuM nahi ane karavA AvatuM nahi; chokarAo vadhI paDatAM rAjyanI A madada apUrNa lAgavA mAMDI; tethI garbhapAta ane bALahatyA thavA lAgyAM ane chokarAM rakhaDatAM mUkAvA lAgyAM. remanI vastI ghaNuM karIne paMdara lAkhathI vadhu kadi thaI nahotI. temAMthI garIbane moTe bhAga gulAma hatuM, tethI temane gujarAnanAM sAMmAM nahetAM; ane be lAkhathI vadhAre mANasone maphata anAja ApavAno rivAja hate A badhuM jotAM garIbane madada karavAmAM roma kaMjusa hatuM ema ApaNAthI kahI zakAya nahi. chatAM bIjA upAyo paNa temaNe jyA hatA. mI vecavAne rAjyane haka hato; paNa te mAtra nAmanI kiMmate vecAtuM juliyasa sIjhara, ogasTasa ItyAdi moTA moTA purUSo lekone vArasAmAM meTI moTI milakata mUkI jatA, ane AnaMdanA meTA meTA prasaMge ghaNuM sakhAvata thatI. jAhera mAmakhAnAM paNa ghaNAM hatAM, ane garIbo tene upayoga nirjIva lavAjame karI zakatA. vesapesiyane lekene keLavaNI ApavAnI saMsthA sthApI hatI; ane garIba mAbApanAM chokarAone bhaNAvavAnA upAya paNa jAyA hatA. evAM chokarAMnA nibhAva mATe ogasTasa paisA ane anAja Apato hato. paraMtu naravAe AkhA ITalInAM chokarAne e pramANe nIbhAvavAnI cejanA karI hatI. TrAjananA samayamAM phakta remamAM ja e pramANe pAMca hajAra chokarAM nabhatAM hatAM. A udeze khAnagI sakhAvate paNa thatI hatI. pitAnAM gAmanAM chokarAMne evI rIte nIbhAvavA nAnA plinie pitAnI milkatane eka bhAga judo kADhayo hato. siliyA mekInA nAmanI strIe 100 chokarAnI evI dhamadA zALA kADhI hatI. AvI

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263 kesTanaTAInathI zAmena sudhI sahAya karavA uparAMta heDIana bAdazAha garIba strIone bakSIsa Apate hato. enTonAInasa ane mArakasa oriziyase kanyAonA nibhAva mATe saMsthAo sthApI hatI. khristi dharma pahelAM ghaNuM karIne IspitAle nahotI, paNa garIba mAMdAone davA maphata vaheMcAtI hoya ema jaNAya che. gulAmene mATe khAnagI anAthagRha hatAM. ane ghaNuM karIne lazkarI ispitAlo paNa hatI. ane bIjI aneka rIte rAjya taraphathI madada maLatI. dukALa ityAdi saMkaTanA samaye prAMtanA zaherane sarakAra taraphathI madada maLatI: A sakhAvata ochI nathI. chatAM khristi dharma e bAbatamAM sthApilA siddhAMtonI sAthe ane temaNe karelI sakhAvatanI sAthe prAcIna kALanI sakhAvate koI paNa rIte sarakhAvI zakAya ema nathI. vidharmIonI badhI sakhAvate lagabhaga rAjya taraphathI thatI ane temAM jana-hiteSaNA karatAM rAjakIya dakSatA vizeSa hatI. ane nAnAM bALakone vecavAne ane rakhaDatA mUkavAno rivAja, prANaghAtaka khelamAM nAma noMdhAvavAnI garIbonI tatparatA, ane vAraMvAra paDatA dukALa-e badhAM jaNAvI Ape che ke hajI sahAya karyA vinAnuM lekenuM duHkha bahu bAkI rahetuM hatuM. garIba ane duHkhI lene grIsamAM paNa sahAya thatI hatI, paNa te bahu jAja hatI. grIsa ane remamAM arasaparasa sahAya karanArI vImA kaMpanIo paNa garIba vargamAM thaI hatI. garIbo ghaNA hatA ane temanuM duHkha bhAMganArA paNa ghaNA hatA ema jaNAya che. AtithyamAM kartavya gaNAtuM hatuM. paraMtu nAnI nAnI bAbatamAM gRhasthanI khAnagI, caMcaLa ane niyamasara sakhAvata ke je khristi samAjanuM khAsa lakSaNa che te nahotI. AvI rIte sakhAvata karavAnuM prAcIna kALamAM koI jANatuM ja nahatuM. be traNa nItivettAo tenuM sUcana kare che ane sisere be prakaraNamAM tenuM varNana kare che, paNa te varNana vyavahAra-dakSa ane nirUtsAhI che. te kahe che ke manuSyanA svabhAvane udAratA bahu anukULa che e vAta kharI, paNa temAM bahu saMbhALa rAkhavAnI jarUra che. sakhAvata lenArane te kharA AzirvAdarUpa thavI joIe; ApaNI zakti uparAMta te

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yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. thavI na joIe; sIjhara ane salAnI paDe bIjAne tUTIne sakhAvata karavI na joie; daMbhanI khAtara te na thavI joIe; dayA karatAM upakAra-vRttithI vizeSa prerita e thavI joIe ane temAM lenAranI jarUra ane tenA cAritryane vicAra rahevuM joIe. nItinA kramamAM ane upadezamAM sakhAvatane agrasthAna khristi dharma ja prathama ApyuM che. Izukhristane garIbo khAsa vahAlA hatA, tethI tenA premanI khAtara garIbone madada karavAnI che e siddhAMta temaNe sthApe. ane satAvaNInA samaye paNa dareka ravivAre temane madada karavAnAM nANuM ekaThAM thatAM. apavAsa karI bacAvelo khorAka garIbone apAta; ane prItibhojane mukhyatve karIne garIbone uddezIne thatAM. ane sakhAvata vyavasthA evI te sarasa rIte dharmagurUo karavA lAgyA ke dayAnI Apa le karavAmAM AkhA khristi pradezanI ekatA thavA lAgI. ane jyAre bristi dharmane vijaya thayo tyAre sakhAvatanI aneka saMsthAo leke sthApava. lAgyA ke jene khyAla paNa vidharmIone nahote. cothA saikAmAM eka romana strIe sArvajanika ispitAla prathama ja bAMdhI ane pachI dhIme dhIme ispitAle vadhavA lAgI. saMta besIle ghaNuM karIne ragatapItIe mATe prathama Azrama bAMdhyuM. dharmazALAo paNa baMdhAvA lAgI. garIba mATe vArasA mUkI javAno rivAja sAdhAraNa thaI paDe, ane tethI kedapaNa strI ke purUSane pAtra jIdagI gujAravI hoya te sagavaDatA maLavA lAgI. pUrva dezI sAdhuo paNa ekAntavAsI jIMdagImAMthI bahAra AvI lekene sahAya karavA lAgyA; ane marakI ke duSkALanA samayamAM jAtamahenata karI madada ApatA.briti AlamanA vicAranA prathama svarUpamAM vizuddha sAmAjIka maAravAdanAM bIja paNa ApaNe joI zakIe chIe, kAraNa ke keTalAka khristi vRddho bhAra mUkIne kahetA ke sakhAvata karavI e dayAna nahi paNa nyAyanuM kAma che, kAraNa ke pRthvI upara sarvane samAna haka che; ane bIjAnuM bhaluM karavA mATe ja samRddhi saMcavAnI che; ane A sivAya bIjA koI udezathI je samRddhi rAkhe te bIjAnA haka upara taDApa jA

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 265 mAre che. arthAta garIbane du:khamAMthI choDAvavA mATe ja dhanane upaga karavAno che. prema ane nyAyanA AvA siddhAMtathI prerAI aneka rIte khristio lekanA duHkhamAM bhAga laI te ochuM karatA hatA. i. sa. 326 mAM kArathejamAM, ane geleniyasa ane mekSimiyananA samayamAM elekajhADiyAmAM, jyAre marakI cAlI tyAre vidharmIo gabharAIne nAsI gayA. paNa khristio temanA dharmagurUnI AsapAsa bhegA thaI hiMmatathI tyAM rahyA; ane avasAna kALe lekene dhIraja ApI tajI dIdhelAM maDadAM dATavA lAgyA. vaLI asaMkhya gulAme TA thatAM garIba vadhI paDyA tyAre mokaLe mane teo temane madada karatA hatA. vaLI jaMgalIonA bhayaMkara humalAthI lekone trAsa thavA lAge; jenaserIke AphrikA jItI lIdhuM tethI remamAM anAja AvatuM baMdha thayuM ane leke bhukhanA duHkhathI atyaMta pIDAvA lAgyA; ITAlImAM bhayaMkara marakI cAlI ane dukALa paDavA lAgyA; A sarva samaye khristi gurUnI bhavya AkRti vacamAM AvIne ubhI rahetI, ane cAre tarapha prasarAelA duHkhane beje ochA karavAnI tana teDIne mahenata karatI. elerikanA vikrALa sipAIoe jyAre romane sara karI luTavA mAMDayuM tyAre khristi devaLamAM lokoe Azraya lIdho hato. jyAre huNa leke roma upara talapI rahyA hatA tyAre dharmAdhyakSa saMta lIo dharmano jhabho paherI pitAnA svadezIonA elacI tarIke temanI samakSa AvIne ubho rahyo hato ane duzmanone samajAvI na pAchI vALyA hatA. be varSa pachI jyAre venDala vijetA remanI durdazA karavA lAgyo tyAre e ja dharmAdhyakSe vacamAM paDI katala kAMIka aTakAvI hatI. AvA ghaNuM dAkhalA ItihAsamAM mojuda che. vaLI evI rIte vacamAM paDIne dharmagurUe rAjAo ane nyAyAdhIzone hAthe paNa dayAnAM kAma karAvatA. theselenikAnI katala mATe saMta eNbrAjhe thioDeziyasa pAdazAhane paNa jAheramAM prAyazcita karavAnI sajA karI hatI, vagara gune moTAM mANaso garIbane kADhI mUke te temane bahiSkAra karavAnI sajA chaThThA saikAmAM thatI. keTalAka pAdarIo ane sAdhuo uddhata banI nyAyanA kAmamAM vacce A

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266 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, * vatA, ane vakhate gunegArone geravAjabI rIte bacAvatA; ane temane mATe khAsa kAyadA karavAnI jarUra paNa jaNAI hatI. dharmagurUo julamI karo mApha karAvatA ke ochA karAvatA. vidhavA ane mAbApa vinAnAM chokarAMne pALavAmAM AvatAM. pAdarI, sAdhu ke garIbane je lUTe athavA temanI dAda sAMbhaLavAnI je nA pADe tene bahiSkAranI dhamakI apAtI. dharma gurUonA hAthamAM chevaTe bahu baLavAna sattA AvI tenuM eka kAraNa temanI A vacce paDavAnI paddhati hatI; ane garIbanA vAlI tarIke temane moTA moTA vArasA maLatA te temanI meTI samRddhinuM moTe bhAge kAraNa hatuM. vakhata jatAM aneka prakAre sakhAvata thavA lAgI ane dareka maThamAMthI tenAM kiraNe cetarapha prasaravA lAgyAM. sAdhuo amIne dabAvatA, garIbonuM rakSaNa karatA, mAMdAnI mAvajata karatA, musApharone Azraya ApatA, kedIone choDavatA, ane jodhI zodhIne duHkhanI harakoI bAbatamAM sahAya ApatA. A pramANe AsanA baraphamAM paNa musApharone Azare maLato. jyAM pUla na hoya evI nadImAM macho rAkhI keAI sAdhu musApharene para utArate. jyAre raktapItane roga yuropamAM phelAI lekAmAM trAsa varatAvato hato ane lekenAM mana dhAstIthI gabharAI gayAM hatAM, tyAre tene mATe navI IspItAle ane navAM Azramo yuropamAM patharAI gayAM hatAM ane rogInI sAravAra karavA mATe jathAbaMdha sAdhuo tyAM bhegA thaI gayA hatA. daMtakathA kahe che ke keTalAka sAdhuone raktapItIA dvArA sAkSAta IzvaranAM darzana thayAM hatAM. khristi dharmanI AvI bhavya asara sakhAvatanI bAbatamAM thaI che. paraMtu moTA meTA banAve kalpanAne jevA AkarSaka thAya che tevI A vizALa paNa daMbha rahita pravRtti mehaka lAgatI nathI ane tethI ItihAsakAre tenI yathArtha agatyatA samajI zakaze nathI e zocanI vAta che. manuSya jAtanuM duHkha ochuM karavA mANase AkhI jIMdagI paryata nisvArthatAthI satata prayatna kare e vAta jevI tevI nathI. khristi dharma dayAnI aneka saMsthAo AkhI pRthvI upara padharAvI dIdhI che; ane pArakAnuM bhaluM karavAmAM ja sarvottama sadAcAra samAelo che e uttama vicAra kenA

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kenTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 267 manamAM ThasAvyo che. sakhAvatanA dareka kAryamAM sahAya karavAnuM dareka pAdarInuM kartavya gaNAya che; ane aneka strI purUSoe pitAnI AkhI jIMdagI manuSyanuM kalyANa karavAmAM gALelI che. paraMtu khristi sakhAvatane mATe je mAnanI lAgaNI ApaNane thAya che temAM be bAbatane lIdhe ghaTADo thAya che. temAM eka bAbata sAmAnya che, ane bIjI vizeSa che ane te dIvAnApaNuM viSe che. dIvAnApaNumAM kAMIka devatAI aMza rahelo che evo prabaLa paNa aspaSTa vicAra asalathI ja cAlyo Avato hato. paraMtu keTalAka khAsa saMjogo evA hatA ke jethI karIne khristi gurUonI pravRtti dIvAnA athavA dIvAnA thaI javAnuM jenAmAM valaNa hoya temanA pratye pratikULa thAya. DAkaNa ane bhUtanA vaLagADanI satyatA yahudI leke spaSTa svIkAratA. khristi dharmanI keTalIka Astika mAnyatAo paNa evI hatI ke tethI utkaTa dhArmika bhAvanAvALAM mANaso gAMDA ja banI jAya. nAnAmAM nAnA pApane mATe paNa paralokamAM thatI satata rIbAmaNI, adazya pizAca ApaNI AsapAsa hamezAM hAjara hoya che evo vicAra; ityAdi kalpanA upara baLavAna asara kare evI aneka vAta khristi dharmamAM kahelI hovAthI ghaNuM saikAo paryata dIvAnApaNue dhArmika rUpa dhAraNa karyuM hatuM, ane saMtanA jIvanano e paNa eka prakAra hate. kevaLa ajJAna ane sateja kalpanAvALAM mANasa vastIthI dUra bhayAnaka jaMgalamAM rahIne zarIrane evAM sakhata kaSTa ApatA ke tethI temanI zArIrika sthiti kevaLa avyavasthita thaI jatI; ane asaMkhya pizAce temanI guphAnI AsapAsa niraMtara bhamyA kare che ane temanI bhaktimAM vizva nAkhyAM kare che evI daDha mAnyatA hovAthI thoDA ja vakhatamAM temane cittabhrama thaI jate; ane A mANase saMta gaNAtAM. ane temane IzvaranA darzana thayAnI athavA temaNe pizAcane parAjaya karyAnI aneka vAte cAlatI. paraMtu te dIvAnApaNuM AvA AstikarUpe ja hamezAM pragaTa thavuM joIe evo kAMI niyama nathI. ane tethI keTalIka vakhata dIvAnAne evo cittabhrama thata ke tethI tene zikSA karavAnI khristi saMsthAne jarUra paDatI. A pramANe eka

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268 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, chokarI ema kahetI ke strIonI mukita arthe pite Izvarane avatAra che; ane jyAre I. sa. 1300 mAM te marI gaI tyAre tenuM dATeluM maDaduM bahAra kADhI bALI melavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. bIjI be strIo je tenuM kahevuM mAnatI hatI temane paNa phAMsIe caDAvavAmAM AvI hatI. jena epha Arka nAmanI bALAne DAkaNa mAnI jIvatI bALI mUkI hatI e vAta ItihAsamAM prasiddha che. chatAM DAkaNa paratve dharmazAstranA amuka vicArone lIdhe ja ghaNuM karIne dIvAnApaNuM utpanna thatuM athavA tenuM svarUpa baMdhAtuM; ane dharmagurUonI sahAyane lIdhe hajAro durbhAgI strIo ke je kharuM jotAM dayAne pAtra ja hatI temane krUra rIbAmaNIne trAsa ApI chevaTe jIvatI bALI mUkavAmAM AvatI hatI. tema chatAM keTalAka prakAranAM gAMDapaNa svAbhAvika hoya che e svIkAra te samaye karavAmAM Avato hato, paraMtu tevA gAMDAnA ArAma ane sukhane mATe bahu ja theDA upAya jAya che, ane yojAtA te ulaTA vadhAre duHkhadAyaka thatA hatA. prAcIna prajAomAM temane deva-maMdIramAM lAvI damAma bharelI dharma kriyAo temanA upara thatI ane kalpanAdvArA ghaNuM karIne temanI sArI asara thatI hatI. paraMtu te samaye dIvAnAzALAnuM astitva hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. ema kahevAya che ke jerUselamamAM dIvAnA sAdhuone mATe Azrama hatuM. paraMtu paMdaramA saikA pahelAM khrista yuropamAM kaI dIvAnAzALA nahotI, dayAnA A kAmamAM musalamAne e ja pahela karI che. bAramA saikAmAM bagadAdamAM eka bhavya mahelamAM AkhA dezanA dIvAnAone rAkhavAmAM AvatA ane sAMkaLathI temane bAMdhI rAkhatA. mahIne mahIne temanI bArIka tapAsa thatI ane sAjA thatA temane choDI mukavAmAM AvatA. musalamAne gAMDAnI khAsa saMbhALa letA hoya ema jaNAya che. khrista pradezamAM evI zALA ughADavAnI pahela pena deze karI hatI. veleziyA zaheranI zerIomAM lokonA ToLAM gAMDAone pajavatAM hatAM te eka sAdhune dayA AvI, ane tethI teNe tyAM eka dIvAnAzALA sthApI ane turata ja enanA bIjA prAMtamAM paNa evI

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kensTanaTAInathI zAlamena sudhI. zALAo ubhI thai. yuropamAM bIje kaI paNa e vakhate evI saMsthA nahatI. tethI A dizAmAM prathama pravRtti karavAnuM mAna spena vAsIone ja dhaTe che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa gAMDAnI mAvajata paNa teo DahApaNa ane dayAthI karatA. paraMtu ghaNu kharA dezamAM gAMDAnI sthiti kharekhara dayAjanaka hatI. hajAro gAMDI strIone DAkaNe gaNI bALI mUkavAmAM AvatI ane svAbhAvika gAMDA tarIke jene svIkAra thate tene paNa sakhata kedakhAnAnuM duHkha bhogavavuM paDatuM. temane mAravAmAM AvatA; temane beDIo ghAlavAmAM AvatI; ane te bIcArA lehalehANa thaI jatA. vakhate aMdhArI oraDImAM paNa temane pUravAmAM AvatA tethI ulaTA teo vadhAre gAMDA banatA. aDhAramAM saikA sudhI temanI A dazA sudharI nahotI. dhAmika saMzayatA ane zAstrIya jJAna jyAre vadhyAM tyAre ja DAkaNonI vAta khoTI manAvA lAgI ane gAMDAnI dazA sudharavA lAgI. bIjI hakIkata e che ke khristi sakhAvatanI saMsthAothI garIbanI garIbAI ghaTavAne badale vadhI. sakhAvatanA svarUpa ane tenI upayogitA paratve arthazAstranA niyamone anusarIne hAlamAM ghaNI uhApoha thAya che, paraMtu ghaNI vakhata te temAM paNa atizayokita ja thAya che. sakhAvatanA saMbaMdhamAM arthazAstra je karyuM che te badhuM be bAbatamAM samAI jAya che. dIrdhadarzI svArthathI samAjanuM kalyANa kevI rIte thAya che e vAta vadhAre spaSTa ane vigatabaMdha te zAstra kahe che; ane utpAdaka ane anutpAdaka kharca vacce sAmAnya bheda eNe sthApita karyo che. e zAstra ema siddha karI ApyuM che ke jyAM ALasane uttejana ApavAmAM Ave che tyAM ALasa vadhe che; jyAM vRddhAvasthAnA nibhAva mATe niyamita sArvajanika vyavasthA thAya che, tyAM karakasaranI duraaMdezI kaI vAparaze nahi; ane eTalA mATe AvA prakAranI sakhAvatothI jenI dazA tamAre sudhAravI che tenI dazA sudharavAne badale ulaTI vadhAre bagaDe che. vaLI e zAstra ema paNa batAvI Ape

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270 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa, che ke gamata ane vilAsamAM kharacele paise anutpAdaka che, kAraNa ke je ke tethI te vastuo pUrI pADanArane phAyado bezaka thAya che, paNa tenuM phaLa tenA upayogamAM ja nAza pAme che. paraMtu yaMtronI banAvaTa, jamInanI sudhAraNuM, ane audyogika sAhasanI vRddhi-A badhA utpAdaka kharca che ane dravya upajAvavAmAM navIna utsAha e ape che. eTalA mATe mUDInuM DALa tvarAthI ekaThuM karavuM hoya te paisAne anutpAdaka raste na vAparatAM utpAdaka raste vAparo, ane majura varganA mahenatANAnuM niyamana karanArA be kAraNomAMnuM eka kAraNa ekaThI thaelI muDInI rakama che. A pratijJAo uparathI keTalAka evuM nigamana kADhe che ke je sakhAvatathI anutpAdaka kharca thata hoya te doSita che. paraMtu prathama te je je sakhAvatethI garIba vargamAM duraaMdezI ane DahApaNanI Teva paDe ane navIna zaktione temanAmAM vikAsa thAya te badhI utpAdaka hoya che; jevI ke sAmAjIka keLavaNI, seviMga beMkanI sthApanA, vImA kaMpanIo, keTalIka vakhata nAnI nAnI rakama uchItI ApavI te, athavA durAcAra ke uDAupaNAne dAbI devA je je upAya yojAya te te vaLI duSkALa ItyAdi saMkaTane prasaMge mANasane rojI ApI sakhAvata karavI te paNa utpAdaka che. uparAMta ATaluM paNa myAnamAM rAkhavuM Avazyaka che ke sakhAvatano khare uddeza manuSyajAtanuM sukha hoya che ane dravyanA saMgrahane te sukhanA mAtra sAdhana tarIke ja gaNu joIe; ane sakhAvatanA ghaNA prakAra vepArI arthamAM utpAdaka na hovA chatAM tene ghaNuM sukha janaka hoya che ane temAM gaMbhIra prakAranuM keI nukasAna hetuM nathI. je saMkaTonuM kAraNa bevakuphI ke durAcArahotuM nathI tevA duHkhamAM sahAya karavAne udAra ane vicArazIla bane jAtanI sakhAvatane ghaNe avakAza che. lUlAM, laMgaDAM ane AMdhaLAM, dukALa, makI ke laDAIne lIdhe pIDAtAM; athavA keInavIna zodha ke kaI udyoganI paddhatimAM pheraphAra thavAthI koI vepAra ekAeka paDI bhAMgavAne lIdhe duHkhI thatAM-AvAM AvAM mANasone madada karavAmAM; tema ja ispitAle ke jyAM daradIone jUdA rAkhI temanI sAravAra thAya che ane tethI roga phelAtAM

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kansTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 271 aTake che, ane vaLI vaidaka zAstranI je meTAmAM meTI zALAo hoya che te bAMdhavAmAM, ItyAdi aneka bAbatamAM dhanavAne sahAya kare che ane karaze. vaLI je vAtamAM sakhAvata pratye arthazAstrIne atyaMta aNagamo hoya che tyAM paNa khAsa prasaMgane lIdhe khAsa madada karavI vAjabI che. dhanavAna mANasa kene Ape che ane zA mATe Ape che teno vicAra karyA vagara paise uDALe jAya che tethI ghaNuM karIne samAjane nukasAna thAya che. paraMtu jyAM anAcArane akhADo jAmI paDe hoya tyAM jaI duHkhIAnI paristhitithI vAkepha thaI temanuM je sAMtvana kare che ane pitAnI AkhI jaMdagI temanA uddhAra arthe gALe che evI A uttama prakAranI sakhAvatathI evuM pariNAma kavacita ja Ave che. sakhAvatanI upagitAne prazna e tenA chevaTanA pariNAmane ja mAtra prema che. A bAbatamAM arthazAse keTalAka ghaNuM kiMmatI sAmAnya niyamo sthApyA che e vAta kharI; paraMtu lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa pahelAM siseroe paNa e ja kahyuM hatuM. ane je mANasa sAmAnya samajaNanA baLathI kALajIpUrvaka viveka vAparI sakhAvata karI mANasone duHkhamukta kare che te, mAlthase upadezelI sakhAvatanuM yathArtha anusaraNa ajANatAM kare ja che. arthAta duHkhanuM tAtkAlika nivAraNa karavuM eTale ja uddeza sakhAvatane na hai joIe. denArane khare uddeza lenAranuM bhaluM karavAno heya te ja sakhAvata upayogI thaI zake che. paNa kethalika gurUonI sakhAvatomAM A tattvanI gerahAjarI hovAthI temAMthI ghaNuM durdazAo upajI AvelI che. pare pakAranuM prayojana manuSya jAtanA premane badale temaNe Izvara-bhakti sthApyuM. ane joke tene lIdhe anya dharmIonA duHkha pratye ghaNIvAra teo bedarakArI batAvatA, tathApi tethI karIne hRdayanA bhAvone evuM protsAhana maLyuM ke ekaMdare tethI lAbha ja thayo che ema gaNavAmAM aDacaNa nathI. paraMtu pachI tarata ja A navIna siddhAMta bhraSTatA pApe ane prAyazcita rUpe ja sakhAvato thavI joIe evI mAnyatA ubhI thaI. tethI svArthI sakhAvatane prakAra ubhuM thayuM ane tenI ghaNuM

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272 cUrepIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. hAnikAraka asara thavA lAgI; kAraNake garIbanA bhalAnI khAtara nahi, paNa pitAnA AtmAnuM zreya karavA mATe mANase kherAta karavA lAgyAM. prathama te AvI sakhAvatathI phAyade jaNavA lAge; paNa keTalAka saikAo pachI tenAM burAM pariNAma bahAra AvavA lAgyAM. arthazAstrIonI najaramAM remamAM anAjanI maphata vaheMcaNIthI vadhAre bure rivAja kaI hoI zake nahi; paraMtu khristi-kherAtamAM thoDe ghaNe viveka paNa dekhAte. vaLI mahenata majurI karavAmAM lAja meNuM nathI ema ghaNI vAra khristi vRddho kahetA ane pachInA samayamAM beneDiTAIna paMthanA sAdhuo jAte majurI karatA, ane tethI mahenata majurI te gulAme ja kare evuM temAM kalaMka gaNAtuM te bhuMsAI gayuM. tema chatAM khristi - sthAnI puSkaLa kherAtanuM prathama pariNAma e AvyuM ke tethI dhutArA ane bhikhArIo vadhI paDayA ane sAdhuo ALasu thavA mAMDayA. tethI velenTiniyane sakhata kAyade karyo ke mahenata karI zake evA mANaso je nIkha mAge te temane kAyama gulAmagIrInI sajA karavI. paraMtu maThanI saMsthAo vadhatAM bhikhArInI saMkhyA ghaNI vadhI paDI. ane dareka dezamAM hajAre rUchapuSTa mANase utpAdaka mahenatathI alaga rahevA lAgyA. bhIkhano dhaMdho nIcAmAM nIca che evI mAnyatAthI samAjane lAbha thAya che, paNa te mAnyatAne dUra karavI e have dharmagurUone mukhya uddeza thaI paDe; ane keda paNa jAtanI sAmI mehenata mAgyA vinA bhikhArIne dAna karavAmAM puNya gaNavA lAgyuM. saMte mAgI bhIkhIne paNa bhikhArIne ApatA ane vastra vinAnAne pitAnAM vastrA ApI detA. AvA upadezanuM pariNAma spaSTa ja che. badhA kethalika dezamAM mAnI saMsthAo dezanI AbAdIne phelI khAte jherI jIvaDe ja nIvaDyo che. dezamAM majura varganI saMkhyA ochI thaI, avicArI dAnathI leka TuMkI najaranA thavA lAgyA, saMta jevI garIbAIne vagara samakyuM mAna apAtuM, ane audyogika pragatinA uddeza ane Te pratye leke durlakSa dAkhavavA lAgyA. AvI sthitimAM bhautika AbAdI kyAMthI thAya? tethI evI saMsthAothI lAbha karatAM hAni vadhAre thaI che. tethI

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 273 IglAMDamAM jyAre hetrI rAjAe maThanI milkata luTI pitAnA darabArIone ApI dIdhI tyAre tethI garIba vargane aMte lAbha ja thayuM che. duHkha ane mAMdagInI pIDA ochI karavAmAM ane khAsa saMkaTanA samayamAM kethalikAe karelI janasevA jevI tevI nathI e vAta kabula che; paraMtu ekaMdare garIbAInI bAbatamAM je duHkha temaNe maTADayuM che tenA karatAM vadhAryuM che ghaNuM e nisaMzaya che. chatAM ApaNe atra eTaluM paNa bhUlI javuM joItuM nathI ke bakSIsa game tevI avicArI ane vivekahIna hoya, athavA tenI zarUAta vArthathI thaI hoya ke lenArane te nukasAnakAraka thatI hoya te samaye paNa denAranA cAritrya upara eka prakAranI komaLa ane vizuddha asara upajAvyA vinA te rahetI nathI. madhyakALanA ati aMdhakAramaya samayamAM jyAre cAre tarapha krUratA, dhArmika jhanuna ane galIpaNane trAsa varatAI rahyo hato, tyAre kethalika samayanI kamaLatA paNa sAthe sAthe daSTa thatI hatI. te kALanA samAjanI chinnabhinna avasthAmAM paNa rAjAo, rANIo ane pAdarIoe garIbanI vahAre dhAvAmAM pitAnI jIMdagIne mukhya uddeza gaNyo che. kruseDa nAmanA dharmavigrahomAM krUratA, svachaMda ane jhanunane pAra nahoto, paraMtu sAthe sAthe dayAnI vizALa pravRtti paNa hatI ane AkhA yuropamAM raktapItIAo mATe IspitAle thaI hatI ane aneka rIte lekenuM duHkha ochuM karavAnA utsAhI prayatna thayA hatA. ane kUramAM krUra mANaso paNa IzukhristanI sevA karavA arthe garIbene nibhAvavAnuM pitAnuM parama kartavya gaNatA hatA. jyAM jyAM kethalika dharmagurUonI sattA niraMkuza hatI tyAM tyAM temanI avivekI sakhAvatonAM upara kahelAM bUrAM pariNAma AvyAM che. teramA saikAthI ja AvI sakhAvata sAme virUddha mata jAhera karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, ane dharma-sudhAraNuM pahelAM paNa tene mATe upAyo yojavAmAM AvyA hatA. bhIkhanA dhaMdhAne nimna karavAnI AzAe IglAMDamAM ghaNA

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2174 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. sakhata kAyadA thayA hatA. AThamA hetrInA samayamAM kAyado thayo hato ke bhikhArIne je kaI kAMda bakSIsa Ape tene tethI dazagaNe daMDa kare. taMdurasta bhIkhArIne prathama gunA mATe phaTakA mAravA, bIjA gunA mATe tenA kAnanuM TeravuM kApavuM, ane trIjAne mATe tene mRtyunI sajA karavI. chaThThA eDavarDanA samayamA krara kAyade karavAmAM Avyo hato ke je taMdurasta bhIkhArI kAma karavAnI nA pADe tene DAma devo, ane jeNe te gunAnI khabara ApI hoya teno gulAma be varSa sudhI e rahe. tyAMthI je e nAsI jAya te prathama gunAne mATe e kAyamano gulAma thaI rahe ane bIjA gunAne mATe tenuM mota thAya. pitAnA gulAmanI Doke leDhAnI hAMsaDI peherAvavAnI, tene beDI ghAlavAnI ane phaTakA mAravAnI sattA zeThane hatI. rANI elIjhAbethanA samayamAM paNa kAyadA thayA hatA, ane garIbane mATe kAyadAnI vistArapUrvaka vyavasthA bAMdhI hatI. paraMtu have mAltha siddha karI ApyuM che ke evI vyavasthAthI paNa karakasaranI Tevane uttejana maLI zakatuM nathI. ghaNuM kethalika dezomAM paNa bhIkhanI sAme sakhata pagalAM levAyAM hatAM. kAryadakSa ane catura dharmAdhyakSa pAMcamA sikasaTase te dhaMdho ramamAM aTakAvavAno prazaMsanIya prayAsa karyo hato. nedharalAMDa ane kAnsamAM paNa kAyadA thayA hatA. paraMtu je ke bhIkhane dhaMdho saune saMkaTarUpa lAgato hatuM, tathApi aDhAramA saikA pahelAM tenAM kAraNenI tAtvika tapAsa keIe karI nahotI. te saikAmAM lo kabAlI, Diphe, mAlyusa ItyAdi purUSoe A bAbatamAM lakhI navIna protsAhana ApyuM che, paraMtu atyAra sudhI A graMthamAM je kahevAyuM che tenAthI vizeSa jANavA jevuM kAMI navuM nathI. manuSyanA hRdayane komaLa banAvavAno prayatna eka bIjI rIte paNa khristi dharma karyo che; kAraNa ke komaLa ane kANika citrothI kalpanAne niraMtara paricita rAkhavAnA upAya e dharme bahu jyA che. ApaNuM nai. tika cAritrya upara buddhi karatAM kalpanAnI asara ghaNuM karIne vadhAre uMDI thAya che; ane kalpanAnI keLavaNI garIbonA saMbaMdhamAM khAsa karIne ghaNI agatyanI ane amUlya hoya che. AkhI jIMdagI paryata eka jagAe teo

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 275 badhAelA rahe che, ajJAnatA ane pitAnI sthitine lIdhe manane praphula kare evA jIvananA anya prakArathI teo bahiSkRta hoya che, niraMtara majurI karavAnI ja temane hoya che, ityAdi kAraNone lIdhe temanuM jIvana kevaLa saMkucita ane nirasa thaI jAta, paNa kalpanAne lIdhe te vizALa ane unnata bane che. garIbanuM parama daivata dharma che. temanA vicAranI sAMkaDI daSTi-maryAdAne te vistRta kare che. temanI aspaSTa bhAvanAonI mAnasika mUrtio te pUrI pADe che, ane iMdriyAtIta ane agocara prati temane kheMcI jAya che. vidharmIonI kalpanA jagatamAM lalita prANIonI sRSTi upajAvatI ane tethI kheDUtone pitAnI mahenatamAM kalpanAjanaka manahara AnaMda Avato hato. khetInI dareka avasthAmAM koIne koI deva adhiSThAtA manAta hatA ane tethI denA sahacArathI temane saMsAra ramaNIya ane AnaMdadAyI thatuM hatuM. paraMtu khristi dharmanI kalpanAomAM khAsa guNa e hato ke tethI kalpanAne meha upajane, eTaluM ja nahi paNa sAthe hRdaya paNa vizuddha thatuM hatuM. Izukhrista, kuMvArI mAtA merI, ane duHkha ane dayAnA ghaNA prasaMgonA citronuM saudarya khristi dharmanA pavitra graMthamAM evuM kamaLa ane hadayahArI ApeluM che ke seMkaDo varSothI mANasa jAtanI atyaMta aNaghaDa ane ajJAna kalpanAonuM teNe niyamana kareluM che. devaLamAM ke kabrastAnamAM, ThekANe ThekANe ane jyAM jyAM tenI daSTi kheMcAI zake tyAM tyAM komaLa haidarya ane kArUNika mRdula bhAvenAM citro garIbanI kalpanAne grasta kare che ane cUpakIthI tenA aMtaranA uMDA bhAgamAM utarI tenuM AkhuM jIvana badalAvI nAkhe che; ane nibaLatA ane duHkhanI pavitratA, dayA ane mRdutAnI zreSTa bhavyatA samajatAM te zIkhe che. sArAMza ke khristionI jana-sevAnAM kAryonI asara moTI ane paNa thaI che. tenI khAmI kheDa paNa ApaNe chAnI rAkhI nathI. paraMtu ekaMdare tenA pratye ApaNuM gaMbhIra mAna thavuM yogya che. manuSya-jaMdagInI pavitratAne temaNe bAMdhele ati ucca vicAra, bALakanuM saMrakSaNa, gulAmavarganI chevaTa mukti ane utkarSa, jaMgalI ramatane nirodha, aneka

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ra76 yUrepIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. prakAranI sakhAvatenI vyavasthApUrvaka utpatti, ane kalpanAnI keLavaNI-A badhAmAM vidharmIo karatAM ghaNuM vizeSa jana sevA khristioe karI che; ane A pragatithI manuSyanuM sukha ghaNuM vadhyuM che. naitika asara to ghaNuM karIne tethI paNa vizeSa thaI che. khristi dharmane lIdhe ja manuSyanA cArivyamAM vadhAre komaLa ane paropakArI sadAcAra agra sthAne AvyA che. prathamanI vizuddha avasthAmAM te khAsa karIne zreSTa hatA. paraMtu trIjA saikAmAM tapanI pravRtti zarU thaI ane tethI karIne cAritryane navo namuno dhIme dhIme utpanna thayo, ane tethI navIna pravAhamAM khristi dharmane utsAha have vahevA lAgyo. A tapattino ItihAsa have ApaNe tapAsIe. bIjA saikAne lekhaka Tarazuliyana tenA samayane khristione hiMdustAnanA digaMbare ke abadhutenI sAthe sarakhAve che ane kahe che ke abadhuno saMsAra tyAga karI jaMgalamAM rahetA. paNa khristio vastImAM rahI kenI pravRttimAM bhaLI jatA. bisti dharma sthapAyA pachI be varSa sudhI jo ke temAM tapavRtti peThI nahatI, tathApi tenAM bIja temAM mULathI ja hatAM. saMsAra ane strIne saMpUrNa tyAga-A be vAta maThanI saMsthAmAM mukhya che. khristidharmamAM kuMvArA rahevAnI pharaja khristidharma-gurUone mAthe lAMbA vakhata sudhI nahotI, paNa je kuMvArA rahetA te bahu mAna pAmatA ane kuMvArApaNuM pavitra gaNAtuM. ane je janasamAjamAM khristi varga astitva bhogavatA hatA te samAjathI jema bane tema tene alaga rAkhavAnA aneka prayatnamAM sanyAsanuM bIja paNa pratIta thAya che. khristidharmanI vRddhi ane phateha thatAM jyAre khristio rAjakIya ane lazkarI pravRttimAM paDavA lAgyA, tyAre je sthiti eka vakhata AkhA khristi varSanI hatI tenuM anusaraNa karavA svAbhAvika rIte ja saMsArathI alaga rahevAne keTalAka prayatna karavA lAgyA. vaLI A tapovRttinI caLavacaLa mAnasika roganI peThe lAMbA vakhatathI AkhI duniyAmAM pracalita hatI. yahudIomAM paNa e eka khAsa sanyAsI varga hato. sinika matavALA pAchalA rUmI rAjyamAM saMsAra tyAga

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kensTanaTAIthI zArlamena sudhI. 277 ane tatvaciMtanane ja upadeza karatA hatA. misaranI philasuphImAM te e valaNa ethI paNa vadhAre prabaLa hatuM. khristi saMsthAnI AsapAsa cAre tarapha evo vicAra pracalita hatuM ke jaDa prakRti jAte ja duHkhada che. A pramANe tapovRttinA ekAeka udabhedane mATe jamIna taiyAra hatI; ane temAM bIjA paDavAnI ja jarUra hatI. A bIja DeziyasanA julama daramyAna paDayuM, e trAsanA samayamAM pola nAmane sAdhu jaMgalamAM nAsI gayo ane sanyAsI vargane prathama pravartaka thayo. pachI enTanI thaze. pachI thoDA varSomAM te sanyAsIonI eka moTI jamAta thaI paDI, julamanA trAsathI mANase prathama jaMgalamAM javA lAgyAM. paraMtu pachI dehane kaSTa devAthI svarganI prApti thAya che evI mAnyatAthI dharmane jusso ubharAvA lAge ane zarIrakaSTanI prabaLa IcchA thavA lAgI. pachI zAMtinA samayamAM paNa jaMgalamAM jaI mANaso dehane kaSTavA lAgyAM. A jIvananuM citra saMta jereme kalpanAne suMdara lAge evuM ApyuM ane tethI mANasane tene moha thavA lAgyo. e varganI bharatI karAvavAmAM strIo svAbhAvika rIte ja mukhya hatI. putrane koI uttama dhaMdhAmAM lagADavA pitA jyAre mathato, tyAre ghaNI vakhata mAtA tene sanyAsI karavA pitAthI bane teTaluM karatI. celA muMDavAne sAdhuo paNu yukti prayukti karatA. dharmAsana uparathI dharmagurUo paNa tene upadeza karatA, ane moTAM zaheronI atyaMta vilAsa-vRttinA pratyAghAta rUpe paNa tapavRtti AkarSaka thavA lAgI. vaLI game tevo gAmaDIo paNa sanyAsI hoya te zehenazAhane paNa samAgama karI zako, gulAma ke gunegAra nAsI jaI sAdhu thAya te nirbhaya thatuM, ane vaLI sAdhuone "nahi vere nahi veTha ane sukhe bhAre peTa" jevI sagavaDatA maLatI; jaMgalIonA humalAthI lekene trAsa paNa ghaNe thato; ityAdi aneka kAraNone lIdhe te vRtti vadhavA lAgI. vaLI tapovRttimAM dharmanA vicAra paNa turata meLavavAmAM AvyA ane elijA ityAdinA dAkhalA apAvA lAgyA. lagnotsavanA prasaMge ja Izu khrista pitAnI daivI preraNAno upadeza Apavo zarU karyo hato, rAsArika kAryomAM bhaLavAne hamezAM te tatpara raheto hato, tethI ja tenA duzmana

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278 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa. tene vakhoDatA hatA, ane atyaMta pavitra ane vizuddha strIo tenI ananya bhakta hatI; ItyAdi vAte sAmAnya rIte mANasane tapavRttinI virUddha lAge evI che; paraMtu sAdhu dharmagurUo AvI vAta cheDatA nahi, paNa IzuM khristane niSkalaMka janma, tenI kuMvArI mAtA, tenI pitAnI kuMvArI chedagI, ane tAlevaMta yuvAna mANasane tene upadeza--evI evI vAtanuM khUba vivecana teo karatA. saMta pITara ane bIjA sAdhuo paraNelA hatA ema je kaI kahetuM ke teo javAba detA ke sanyAsI thayA pachI temanI strIo joDe temane vahevAra nahote. paNa saMta pala ghaNuM karIne kuMvAro ja hate. game tema hoya, paNa sAdhu dharmagurUonI najaramAM kuMvAre purUSa pavitra gaNata ane paraNele apavitra gaNAtuM hatuM. A mAnI sasthAne pracAra ekadama cAre tarapha prasarI gayo. evuM kahevAya che ke saMta jeremanA samayamAM IsTaranA utsavamAM pacAsa hajAra sAdhuo bhegA thatA. cothA saikAmAM niTriyAnA jaMgalamAM eka ja maThAdhi patinI nIce pAMca hajAra sAdhu rahetA hatA. IjIptanuM eka AkhuM zahera tapavata pALatuM ane temAM viza hajAra kumArikA ane daza hajAra sAdhu hatA. IjIptamAM lagabhaga aradho adha vastI A vratadhArI hatI, ane teo atyaMta sakhata tapa karatA. briti dezamAM paNa A pravRttine atyaMta utsAhathI vadhAvI levAmAM AvI ane lagabhaga AkhA dezamAM maTha sthApANI. paraMtu vadhAre AzcaryanI vAta to e che ke jeno svabhAva ke zikSaNa A pravRttinI sAme jAya evAM hatAM te paNa ene upadeza ApatA. parANe kuMvArA rahevAmAM kevuM jokhama raheluM che e vAta saMta ogasTAInanA jevuM koI paNa mANasa jANatuM nahotuM, chatAM teNe ja ene pracAra karavAne bhAre prayAsa karyo hato. AvA aneka saMte teno upadeza karatA eTaluM ja nahi paNa te pramANe AcaraNe paNa rAkhatA. jAtrALuo jaMgalamAM bhaTakavA ane saMtanA camatkAra ane sakhata tapanI aneka vAto bhegI karI phelAvatA, tethI saMtonA sAmAnya lakSaNavALuM eka navIna dRSTi biMdu khristi saMsAramAM ubhuM thayuM. tethI A tapadhArIonAM sAmAnya lakSaNa ane vigate have

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konsTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 279 ApaNe joIe. na uDe vicAra karIe chIe te A tapovRttinA cepa jevuM manuSya jAtanA naitika ItihANamAM anya kazuM saMtAjanaka nathI lAgatuM. bhayAnaka, gade te zarIramAM kSINa thaI gaele gAMDIo, jJAna rahita, svadezAbhimAna rahita, kudaratI lAgaNI rahita, nirUpayogI ane krUra deha-damanamAM pitAnI AkhI jIdagI gALato, ane pitAnA sannipAtavALA magajanI bIhAmaNuM kalpanAothI tharathara dhrujato evo A mANasa, pleTa ane siserenA lekhathI jJAta ane sokreTisa ane keTanA jIvanacaritathI vAkepha evI prajAomAM sadAcArane sarvottama namune gaNavA lAgyo hato. lagabhaga base varSa paryata zarIrane bhayaMkara kaSTa devuM te sarvottamatAnI uMcAmAM uMcI sAbIti gaNAtI hatI. eka sAdhue juvAranA roTalAnA TukaDA ane gaMdA pANI upara trIza virSa kADhayAM hatAM, ane tenA upara saMta jema phidA phidA thaI gayo hato. eka bIje sAdhu nAnA khADAmAM raheto hato ane roja pAMca aMjIra khAI jIvato hato. keI sAdhu vaLI vALa vadhArato hato ane pitAnAM kapaDAM phATI jAya tyAM sudhI deto nahi. kaI vaLI gaMdA khAbocIAmAM paDayo raheto hato ane pitAnuM mAMsa kIDAone khAvA deto hato. koI be maNuM ane koI paNuM cAra maNa leDhuM rAkhI pharato hato. khAlI kUvAmAM kaI varSo sudhI paDa raheto hato. koI anAjane eka mahIne pANImAM nAkhI te saDI jAya tyAre ja te khAte hato, kaI divasanA divaso kAMTAmAM paDayo raheto hato ane nirAMte uMghate nahi. kaI vaLI divasamAM eka vAra thoDuMka khAI niraMtara bhukhanuM duHkha veThatA hatA. koI babe divase khAtA hatA ane keAI aThavADIe aThavADIe paNa khAto, kaI AkhuM aThavADIyuM uMghato nahi. koI varSonA varSe niraMtara ubhA rahI prArthanA karyA karato. koI vaLI jaMgalI prANIonI guphAmAM raheto ane koI to vaLI kabaromAM paNa rahe te ho. koI vaLI kyUDAMja paherato nahi ane vALa vadhArI jaMgalI prANIonI peThe copago thaI cAlato ane ghAsa kha I che. zarIra svaracha rahevAmAM teo ghora pApa mAnattA

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-80 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ane sArAmAM sArA sati suga caDe evI gaMdakInA DhagalA jevA thaI rahetA hatA. maThanI paripATInA kuLa-pitA gaNAtA sita enTanIe pitAnI vRddhAvasthA payaMta paga dhovAnuM pApa kadi karyuM nahotuM. saMta ebrAhama moTuM ane paga paNa kadi dhoto nahi. chatAM tenuM jIvanacarita lakhanAra kahe che ke tenA AtmAnI svacchatA tenA mukha upara pratibiMbita thatI hatI e vAta jarA vicitra lAge che. koI sAdhune svaccha rahevAnI Teva hoya te tenI ghaNI niMdA thatI hatI, ityAdi aneka dAkhalAo che, paNa saMta simiyana sTAIlAITasane dAkhalo ghaNo ujha che. je tapa eNe A dayuM hatuM tenuM citra ghaNuM bhayAnaka ane kaMTALe upajAve evuM che. pitAne zarIre evuM te sakhata e doraDuM bAMdhato ke te mAMsamAM khuMcI jatuM ane tenI AsapAsa mAMsa kehI jatuM. temAMthI ghaNI durgata chUTatI hatI ane te cAlato tyAre temAMthI kIDA kharatA ane tenI pathArI kIDAthI, khadabadI jatI. maTha cheDIne keTalIka vakhata e khAlI kUvAmAM raheta, be hAtheka vyAsavALe ane sATha phuTa uce e eka staMbha eNe karyo hato; ane trIza varSa sudhI TADha, taDake ane varasAda veThIne te enA upara rahetA ane paga sudhI vAMkA vaLI vaLIne eTalI to jhaDapathI e niratara prArthanA karato ke eka prekSake evA 1244 pherA gaNyA, paNa pachI thAkIne te gaNavA eNe mUkI dIdhA hatA. eka AkhuM varSa te eka page ubhA rahyA hatA ane teno bIjo paga gumaDAthI bharAI jaI kahI gayo hate, tenuM jIvanacaritra lakhanAra temAMthI kharI jatA kIDAne pAcho temAM mUko ane saMta kIDIne kahe ke paramezvare tane ApyuM che te khA. aneka mANaso tenI jAtrAe jatA hatA. enA mRtyu samaye tene staMbha upara eka prakAzita tAro dekhAyo hato. joke tene saMtonA namunArUpa lekhatA hatA ane bIjA saMte tenuM anukaraNa karatA hatA. sAhityanA kSetramAM saMtonI jIvana kathAonI agatyatA hajI sudhI bahu thoDI samajAelI che. aitihAsika kiMmata temanI na hoya te paNa temanI naMtika kiMmata ghaNaja uMcA prakAranI che. amuka kALe mANasonuM AcaraNa kevuM

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 281 hatuM te kadAca barAbara ApaNane te na kahe; tathApi mANasonA vicAra ane lAgaNIo, saMbhavitatAnuM mApa ane sarvottamatAnuM temanuM dRSTibiMdu te kALe kevAM hatAM tene spaSTa khyAna teo Ape che. dharma sabhAonA TharAva, dharmazAstrIonA guMthIguMthIne karelA graMthe, matamatAMtara ane mAnyatAo ane dharmanA kAnune e badhAM dhArmika ItihAsanAM mAtra cheDAM che. duniyAnI samakSa jenuM kathana thAya che athavA jenI dalIla thAya che te ja mAtra enAthI jaNAya che, paraMtu kalpanAmAM jene sAkSAtkAra thayo hoya che athavA hRdayamAM je pavitra manAya che te enAthI jaNAI AvatAM nathI. kaLAne ItihAsa ke je pitAnA aNaghaDa kALamAM mAnuSi dhoraNathI mapAtA jamAnAnuM citra bArIka pramANikatAthI Ape che te A bAbatamAM amUlya che; paNa khristionuM vizALa kathApurANa ke je samayanI buddhiviSayaka avasthAmAMthI ApaApa ugI nIkaLyuM hatuM, saghaLI vahAlAmAM vahAlI AzAo, IcchAo, daSTiAbaduo ane karelI kalpanAone samAveza je potAmAM karatuM hatuM, ane ghaNA saikAo paryata khristi duniyAnuM lekapriya sAhitya je rahyuM hatuM, te enA karatAM paNa vadhAre agatyanuM che. jaMgalanA satanI bAbatamAM, temanA jIvananI keTalIka vigato game tevI vicitra lAge te paNa te citra ke je najare jonArAe AlekheluM che te mukhyAMze itihAsasiddha che, emAM kazo saMzaya nathI. pitAnI jAtane aneka prakAranuM kaSTa ApavuM e saikAo paryata mAnuSi sarvottamatAnuM mukhya mApa gaNAtuM hatuM. hajAro bhaktimAna mANase jaMgalamAM jaI pitAnI jAtane dUra kaSTa ApatA ane lagabhaga jaMgalI janAvaranI dazAmAM rahetA, ane A dhikkAravA lAyaka vahema jamAnAnI nItimAM sarvopari sthAna bhagavate hatA, ane A tapavRttinuM gheluM keTalAka saikAo sudhI cAlI rahyuM hatuM. A vAta satya che. tapovRttinAM je daSTAMta ApaNe upara ApyAM che te te hajAro paikI mAtra thaDAka ja ApelA che, ane te eTalA badhA che ke tenA graMthanA graMtha lakhI zakAya, ane lakhAyA paNa che. A tapavRttimAM saMta beneDikaTe sudhAre karyo tyAM sudhI tene A namune ekaMdare avikRta rahyo hato. pazcima tarapha

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282 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. nA sAdhuo derAnI havAnA kAraNane laIne misaranA sAdhuo jevuM sukha tapa karI zakatA nahi, paraMtu zreSTha sarvottamatAno temane vicAra lagabhaga temanA jevuM ja hatuM, ane tapamAM teo utaratA hatA te sATe camatkAramAM caDI javAne dAve teo karatA hatA. saMta paikAmiyasanA samayathI ghaNAkharA sAdhuo maThanuM jIvana grahaNa karatA hatAM, paraMtu pUrva taraphanA maThe, AjJAdhinatAnI pratijJAnA agatyanA apavAda sivAya, badhI bAbato mAM AzramanA samUha jevA ja hatA. A Azrama jaMgalamAM hatA; sAdhuo sAmAnya rIte jUdI jUdI oraDI ke bhayarAmAM rahetA, jamatI vakhate mUMgA rahetA, ane dehane kaSTa ApavAmAM ekabIjAthI harIphAI karatA. A sakhata dehako ke jemane lIdhe ghaNI vAra sAdhuo gAMDA banI jatA ane ApaghAta karatA te sakhtAIne vAjabI hakamAM mUkavAnA, keTalAka bhaTakatA sAdhuo ke jemane dharmagurUonI sAme zIMgaDIo mAMDavAnI Teva paDI gaI hatI temanA tophAnIpaNAne aMkuzamAM lAvavAnA, ane vizeSe karIne keTalAka pAkhaMDI paMthamAM maThanI bhikSAvRtti bahu AgaLa paDatI thaI gaI hatI te dAbI devAnA, DAka nirbaLa yane saMta jeroma ane bIjAoe bezaka karyA hatA. Astika sAdhuo ghaNuM karIne khajurInAM pAtronI sAdaDIo vaNatA; paNa jaMgalamAM rahevuM ane jarUrIAta theDI, eTale teo paNa tvarAthI ALasu banavA lAgyA; ane sImIana sTAIlAITasanI peThe pitAnA vahemane ja vaLagI rahI chaMdagI gALatA ane temanI atyaMta prazaMsA thatI. paraMtu jana-svabhAvanI vividhatA jaMgalamAM gaye maTI jatI nathI; ane te vividhatA ahIM jaMgalamAM paNa dekhAI AvatI, jJAna rahita, vikAra rahita ane kalpanA rahita evA ghaNAM mANase dAsatvanI majurI cheDI jaMgalanI zAMti bhogavavA nAsI jaI sAdhu thatA, ane lAMbo kaMTALA bharele vakhata uMghamAM ke hadaya vinAnI nitya-bhaktimAM gALatA, ane temanuM lAMbu paNa edI ane maMda AyuSya chevaTe zAMta paNa pazunA jevA matamAM pUruM thatuM. keTalAka sAdhuo vaLI jaMgalamAM nirmaLa pANIthI vahetA vaheLAthI najIka jhADanA jhuMDamAM pitAnI jhuMpaDI banAvatA ane mahenata karI khIlato bagIco banAvatA. saMta ziropiyananA asaMkhya anuyAyI sAdhuo jamIna kheDatA

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kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 283 ane garIbene mATe anAjanA vahANa bharI ekalatA. eka vRddha sAdhunuM evuM varNana apAeluM che ke tene svabhAva e te AnaMdI ane hasamukha hato ke tenI hAjarI ane tenAM vacanathI duHkhIAnuM duHkha e chuM thai jatuM hatuM. paraMtu sAmAnya rIte sAdhuonI jhuMpaDIo niraMtara zokanAM sthaLo ja banI rahetAM. temanI jIdagI AMsu ane DusakAMthI ane gAMDItura banI kalpanAe upajAvelA pizAconI sAthe dhamapachADAthI, bharelI rahetI. ane AtmAnuM akalyANa kare evA zatruonI bIkane lIdhe ane temanA veheme atyaMta bhayaMkara banAvI mUkelA metanA vicArane lIdhe temanI jIMdagIne dareka kalAka khAre jhera je thaI paDato. buddhiviSayaka pravRttithI je dilAse maLe che tene Azraya kavacita ja levA. saMta jerAma kahe ke sAdhunuM kartavya upadeza karavAnuM nathI, paNa revAnuM che, je bhramaNAo IzvaranA anugrahanAM moTAmAM moTAM cihane gaNatAM hatAM temane vaza keLavAeluM ane zikSita mana ghaNuM thoDuM hatuM; ane tapovRttinA A pravRttikALamAM ghaNA vidvAne che ke sAdhu thayA hatA, paNa zarUAtanA sAdhuone ghaNuM moTe bhAga ajJAna hatuM ane raheto, eTaluM ja nahi paNa jJAna ke vidvattAne sArI vAta teo gaNatA ja nahi. saMta enTanI ke je maTha saMsthAne are sthApanAra che teNe jyAre pite nAno hato tyAre bhaNavAnI nA pADI hatI, kAraNa ke tethI bIjA chokarAMonA bahu samAgamamAM AvavAnI tene dhAstI lAgI hatI. eka sAdhu bhASA-zAstrI tarIke ghaNA prasiddha hato; paNa A pApanA prAyazcitanI khAtara trIza varSa paryata eNe mana-vrata lIdhuM hatuM. A aNagame temane vidyA pratye hato. AvA mANasanI AvI raheNamAM cittabhramanAM saghaLAM to hatAM, ane camatkAra ane divya darzane Avazyaka rIte temane vAraMvAra thatAM, maLe ja teo ajJAnI ane vahemI hatA; ane temAM vaLI evI dhArmika 68 zraddhA temane hatI ke temanA AtmAne bhraSTa karavA AsapAsa havAmAM pizAce sadA taiyAra ja hoya che. vaLI teo ema paNa mAnatA ke temanI prakRtithI dareka vikRti ane kudaratano dareka avano banAva bhUta pizAcAdi

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284 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNanA itihAsa. kaI adazya zaktinA baLe ja thAya che; ane ekAMtavAsamAM rahI lAMbo vakhata dehane saba kaSTa ApavAthI teo gAMDItura banI jatA. AvAM kAraNone lIdhe temanI jIMdagImAM daivI camatkAra ane paDacA avazya karIne vAraMvAra banatA, ane pitAnA magajanI bhrAMti kalpanAone pratyakSa vAstavikatA teo mAnatA. kabaranA bhayaMkara aMdhArAmAM, mATInI sAthe mATIrUpe maLI jatAM maDadAMnI vacce, A mANasa pitAnuM raheThANa rAkho, ane deha-kacchanI rAtrinA zAMta samaye, jyAre jaMgalano pavana A ekAMtavAsI keTaDInI AsapAsa jANe DusakAM bharato hoya evo lAgata ane jaMgalI janAvarenI kIkIArIe tenA kAna upara paDatI hatI, tyAre dhAstI ane pazuvRttinA aMkura dasya tenI samakSa bhamavA lAgatA ane tenA AtmAne bharakhI javA mATe vaDhI maratA pelA pizAce vicitra nATake ane ceSTA karatA tene jaNA tA. kaSTa devAthI kSINa ane roga thaelA zarIrane lIdhe atyaMta uzakerAelI kapananA baLe tenA manamAM aneka bhrAMtio upajave lAgatI ane diyoe pUrva anubhavelI vAtonI smRtithI evA aneka prasaMge tene prApta thatA, tethI karIne A vratadhArIomAMthI keIka jyAre dhakhadhakhatI retImAM ekale ghUMTaNIe paDa hoya tyAre pitAnI janma bhUnanAM jhADanA zItaLa kuMDa ane vilAsajanaka ane kAmadIpaka bagIcA tenI dRSTimAM AvI khaDA bAM ane pitAnA yuvAnIkALe jeelI suMdara ane manahara nAyikA che tenI samIpa nRtya karatI tene jaNAtI. AgaLa gAelAM madhura ane vilAsI gAyane kavacita tene sAMbharI AvatAM ane bhUtakALanA vikArathI tenuM hRdaya khaLabhaLI uThatuM. kavacita prANaghAtaka khele. ne Akho akhADe ja evI rIte tenI sanmukha AvIne ubho rahe. Ama tenI bhakitamAM khalela pahoMcatI ane sAdhAraNamAM sAdhAraNa banAva banate te temAM paNa setAno hAtha che. ema manAtuM. eka sAdhu musApharI karatAM karatAM cheka thAkI gayo hato. eve vakhate tene vicAra Avyo ke madhapUDAnuM tAjuM madha atyAre maLe te kevuM mIThuM lAge! te ja vakhate tenI AMkhe eka TekarA upara paDI ja eka madhapuDe bAjhele ha. kalpanA

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kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 285 ane kudaratanA A Akasmika saMyogamAM pizAce ApelI lAlaca ene lAgI; tethI tene kaMpArI AvI ane svastikanuM cihana karI tyAMthI te nAsI chUTa. paraMtu yuvAna purUSomAM lohI unmatta hovAthI svAbhAvika rIte ja temanI dazA bahu kaMgALa thatI. je teo paraNIne gRhasthAzramamAM rahyA hatA te temane sukha ane zAMti maLata, paraMtu jaMgalanI ekAMtavAsI aMdagImAM temanA jIvane zAMti vaLI zakatI nahi. saMtonI jIvanakathAomAM temanA duHkha ane vedanAnuM tIvra citra ApeluM che. premanA caTakAnuM jhera priya bALAnA milApathI ja utare che. paraMtu A yuvAna purUSe jaMgalamAM jaI pitAnA dehane vadhArene vavAre trAsa Ape jatA; vedanAne lIdhe pitAnI chAtI phUTatA; temanI AMkhamAM AMsune pravAha te kadi mUkAta ja nahi, je suMdara strInA samAgamane haLAhaLa jhera jevo te mAnatA tenA paLe paLe badalAtA aneka AkAra niraMtara temanI kalpanAmAM khaDA thatA; ane tene vismRta karavAnA prabaLa prayAsa karavA jatAM tenI smRti atyaMta sateja thaI asahya thaI paDatI. tethI ghaNIvAra A yuvAne dIvAnA banI jatA. ane ApaghAta karatA hatA. saMtonI jIvanakathAmAM eka ThekANe evuM varNana ApeluM che ke eka vakhate saMta pekemiyasa ane saMta pilImona jaMgalamAM vAta karatA hatA tyAM gAMDapaNathI vyAkuLa banelA ceherAvALo eka yuvAna sAdhu temanI rUbarU dhasI Avyo ane kusakAM khAte khAte bhAMgelA sAde pitAnA duHkhanI vAta kahevA lAgyo. teNe kahyuM ke eka strI e tenA bhoMyarAmAM AvI potAnA hAvabhAvathI ene phasAvyo hato, ane pachI jamIna upara tene adhamuo po mUkIne camatkArika rIte havAmAM te adazya thaI gaI; ane pachI A saMta zretAo pAsethI eka kAramI cIsa pADIne te sAdhu jato rahyo. temanI mAnyatA pramANe duSTa pizAcathI prerAI te sAdhu jaMgalamAM deDI gaye, ane eka pAsenA gAmaDAmAM gayo. ane tyAM jAhera himAmakhAnAnI ughADI bhaThThImAM kUdako mArI paDyo ane tenA agnimAM sApha thaI gayo. tapovRttimAM ghaNA AgaLa vadhelA baMdhuomAM paNa mohane uthala thayAnI vicitra vAta paNa kahevAmAM AvatI hatI.

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286 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. eka saMta A bAbatamAM khAsa namunArUpa gaNAtuM hatuM ane sAdhuomAM ati sAmAnya lakSaNe je jovAmAM Ave che te eNe pitAnAmAM paNa AvavA dIdhAM hatAM. arthAta pitAnI brahmacarya vRttine tene garva paNa thatA. hato. have evuM banyuM ke eka divasa sAyaMkALe thAkathI letha jevI banI gaelI eka strI tenA bhayarAnA bAraNe AvI ane jaMgalI janAvare ene phADI na khAya eTalA mATe saMtanI maDhImAM ene Azaro ApavAnI te vinaMti karavA lAgI. durbhAgye tenI vinaMti saMta sAhebe svIkArI. pachI pUjya buddhine dekhAva karI saMtanI sevA te karavA lAgI, ane chevaTe te saMtanA upara pitAne hAtha melavAnI eNe hiMmata karI. A sparzathI saMtanuM zarIra kaMpita thaI gayuM, ane lAMbAkALathI vismRta thaelo ane sUI rahele kAmavikAra jesathI jAgrata thaye. prabaLa premanA ubharAmAM chAtI sarasI te strIne cAMpavAno eNe yatna karyo, paNa te strI tenI dRSTithI lopa thai gaI, ane tenA patanathI pizAco samUha ekasAmaTa hasavA lAgyo. paraMtu A jAtanuM chevaTa pariNAma e AvyuM te paNa jANavA jevuM che. ApaNe dhArIe te pramANe pachI A sAdhu prAyazcitanI sajA ane prArthanA othI pitAnI vizuddhi punaH prApta karavAmAM pravRtta thayo nahi. tApajIvananI AzAo ane vRttione moha have tene bilakula rahyo nahi. tenA svapnavata anubhavamAM mAyArUpa je suMdara strI mAtra tene phasAvavA tenI AgaLa AvI hatI tethI tene hRdaya upara eka navI ja jAtane prakAza paDaze, tethI jaMgalamAMthI e nAsI gayo, pA che. saMsAramAM paDyo; sAdhuono saMbaMdha mAtra eNe aLago karyo ane e navIna prakAzane pagale cAlI narakanA moMmAM e jANI joIne gaye. Ama bhramaNAmAM paNa premano anubhava thatAM sAdhu saMsArI banyAnA dAkhalA paNa apAtA hatA. strIonA saMsargane trAsa A pramANe tapadhArIone atyaMta hato, ane AvI kathAothI te vadhate hate. koI paNa jAtane saMbaMdha strIonI sAthe rAkhavo ja nahi e temane Agraha hato. paraMtu A Agraha keTalIka vakhata pALavAmAM kaThaNa thaI paData. atyaMta sakhata padhArIe

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287 kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. pratye strIo ati gaMbhIra mAnanI najarathI jotI, ane parANe paNa pitA pratye temanuM lakSa kheMcavAne avirama yatna teo karatI. keTalIka te A bAbatamAM khAsa rIte bhAgyazALI thaI hatI. saMta meleniyA ke jeNe pitAnI milkatane bheTe bhAge sAdhuomAM vAparI nAkhyo hato teNe cothA saikAnA Akhara bhAganI lagabhaga, ItihAsakAra phinasInI sAthe sIriA ane mIsaranA AzramamAM lAMbI jAtrA karI hatI. paNa ghaNuM sAdhuone e niyama hato ke kaI paNa strInuM moM kadi jovuM nahi, ane je sAdhu A vrata vadhAre varSa pALI zakato te vadhAre pavitra gaNate. saMta besila atyaMta jarUrIAtanA prasaMge ja strIonI sAthe bhASaNa karata. saMta jene aDatALIsa varSa paryata strInuM moM joyuM nahotuM. eka moTI padavInA mANasanI strIe pitAnA dhaNIne A saMta jaina pAse mokalI kahevarAvyuM ke meherabAnI karI tenA darzane tene AvavA devI, nahi te tenuM mRtyu thaze. chevaTe saMte kahyuM ke te jyAre pitAnI pathArImAM sUtI haze tyAre pote ja tenI mulAkAte tene ghera Avaze. A vicitra saMdeze te dhaNIe pitAnI strIne kahyA, ane te rAtrIe svamAmAM te strI te saMtane maLI. saMta Ara seniyAnAM darzana karavA ane pitAne mATe tenI pAse prArthanA karAvavA remanI eka yuvAna bALAe ITAlIthI alekjhAMDiyAnI jAtrA karI. jyAre saMte tene Thapako ApavA mAMDe tyAre dhrujatI dhrujatI te bALAe AMkhamAM AMsu lAvI pitAne yAda karavAnI ane pitAne mATe prArthanA karavAnI"ATalI tenI vinaMti svIkAravAnI tene araja karI A sAMbhaLIne cheDAI gaelA saMte kahyuM: "tane yAda karavI ! mArI jIMdagInI prArthanA ja e thaze ke tane bhUlI javI !" elekajhAMDayAnA mukhya dharmagurUe tene AzvAsana ApI kahyuM, ke je pizAco strIo dvArA sAmAnya rIte saMtane phasAve che, paNa te sAdhu je ke tenuM mukha visarI javAno prayatna karaze tathApi tenA AtmAne mATe prArthanA te karaze e bAbatane ene sazaya nathI. keTalIka vakhata strIone A utsAha anya ane vadhAre vicikSaNa rUpa dhAraNa karato, ane purUSane pizAka paherI pite ja tapadhArInI

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288 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa, jaMdagI gujAratI. saMta pelejIyA prathama enTIoka zaheramAM nATakamAM strIkhelADI hatI; te rUpamAM ghaNI suMdara hatI, ane purUSane mugdha kare evA hAvabhAva karavAmAM bahu kuzaLa hatI. te jyAre vaTalI khristi thaI, tyAre dharmagurUoe tene mATe prAyazcita karAvI eka moTI umaranI pavitra ane bhaktimAna kumArikAnI sabatamAM ene rAkhI. paraMtu tethI vadhAre sakhata jIvana jIvavAnI IcchAthI tyAMthI e nAzI gaI; ane purUSano pizAka paherI anya sAdhuomAM bhaLI gaI; ane evI kuzaLatAthI pitAne A veza eNe jALavI rAkhyo ke tenI kIrti ghaNI phelAI ane muA pachI ja tene khabara paDI ke te strI hatI. A sAdhuo kevI jIMdagI gujAratA hatA te ApaNe joyuM. have A jaMdagI ane teNe upajAvelA sAhityathI khristionA naitika dRSTibiMdu ane AcaraNa upara zI asara thaI te ApaNe joIe. prathama prema, dayA ane pare pakArane briti dharmagurUonA lekhomAM agrasthAna ApeluM jovAmAM Ave che te vAta have badalAI gaI; ane cethA ane pAMcamA saikAmAM dhArmika sadAcAranuM zirasthAna brahmacaryane apAvA lAgyuM. ane A brahmacarya eTale paraNetara chaMdagInuM niSkalaMka jIvana athavA dAMpatya-dharmanuM yathArtha pAlana-ema nahi, paraMtu manuSyanA svabhAvamAM viSayecchAnuM je tava vAstavika che, tene kevaLa uccheda kare te-lagna karavAnI vAta te eka kare rahI, paNa strInA sAmuM paNa jevuM nahi, ane vilAsanI vRtti aMtaramAM uThe te tene game tema karIne dabAvI devI ane te arthe deha-damana karavuM e naitika dRSTibiMdu saMta jIvananuM hatuM. AmAMthI keTalAMka agatyanAM pariNAma AvyAM che. prathama pariNAma e AvyuM ke dhIme dhIme ghaNuM viSAdamaya rUpa dharma dhAraNa karavA mAMDayuM. viSaya-vRttine praveza ApaNuM svabhAvanA svarUpamAM ja che, tethI tene kevaLa nirmaLa karI nAkhavI e ApaNuM svabhAvanA niyamanI khAsa virUddha che; chatAM e sthitie pahoMcavAne saMta-jIvanane

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kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 288 udeza ha. jana-svabhAvanI bhraSTatA, ane khAsa karIne kAmAsaktinI zArIrika bhraSTatAnI sAme eTalI badhI prabaLa lAgaNI thaI hatI ke lAga nI tevI prabaLatA, asUyA, krodha ke pUratA jevA kSaNika ane kavacita dazya thatA durAcAramAM rokAI rahelA nItivettAe kadi prApta karI zakyA hota nahi. tapa-vRttinI najaramAM prabaLa kAmAsaktio bhraSTa gaNAtI ja hatI; paraMtu kAMIka vilAsI ane lADagheluM jIvana ke jemAM spaSTa aniSTatA kAMI hotI nathI, jemAM cAritryane namra karavAnuM valaNa hoya che te paNa tavRttinA daSTibiMduthI kevaLa virUddha ja hatuM, kAraNake tevuM jIvana paNa pariNAme pazuvRttine ja daDha kare che. tethI thayuM ema ke jana-svabhAva jAte ja bhraSTa che ane dareka jAtanA sukha cenamAM durAcAra che evuM tIvra bhAna lekene thavA lAgyuM. kuMvArI jIMdagImAM ja sarvottama sadAcAra che evI mAnyatAmAMthI A pariNAma AvyuM. tethI grIka-jIvanamAM je zAMti, AnaMda ane khuzamIjAja ApaNe joIe chIe te saMta jIvanamAM rahyAM nahi. bIjuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke kAma krodhAdi SaDa vikAronI sAme niraMtara thavAnuM hovAthI purUSArthavAda azru AgaLa Avyo, ane mANasa dhAre te karI zake evI mAnyatA lekamAM daDha thatI gaI. kethalika saMpradAye manuSyanI IcchI-vRtti (will) svataMtra che e vAtanI hamezAM jesabhera tarapheNa karI che, paraMtu tapovRttimAM ApaNe IcchI vRtti ane ApaNI IcchAo (desires) vaccenA naitika virodhanuM tIvra ane spaSTa bhAna jevuM thAya che tevuM anya prakAre ghaNuM karIne thatuM nathI, ane e bhAnanI satyatA upara naitika svataMtratAne badhe AdhAra aMte rahe che. vaLI tapavRttinuM eka bIjuM pariNAma paNa AveluM jaNAya che, jenuM barAbara cokkasa khyAna karavuM muzkela che. jene ApaNe baLavAna pazunI prakRti kahIe chIe, arthAta je prakRtimAM vikAranI kRti baLavAna chatAM taMdurasta hoya che, te prakRtinI sAthe keTalAka saddaguNe svabhAvika rIte joDAelA ApaNane lAge che. jevA ke khuzamijAja, niSkapaTatA, audArya, utsAha,

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290 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano ItihAsa AnaMda ane vairya, atyaMta deha kaSTane lIdhe jemanAM zarIra atyaMta jIrNa thaI gayAM hoya che temanAmAM A guNa kavacita ja mAlama paDe che. kethelika dharma kuMvArI jIMdagIne sarvottama mAnatA hovAthI A saddaguNane te saMpradAya nItinA kramamAM ghaNuM nIcuM sthAna Ape che. paraMtu TesTaMTa paMtha ane audyogika pragatinA daDha valaNane lIdhe te guNe have uMcA gaNAvA lAgyA che. - zarIra-saMpatti upara nItine kevo ane keTale AdhAra che te viSe nizcayapUrvaka ApaNe kAMI kahI zakIe tema nathI. judA judA naitika guNone mATe zarIranI pUrvavartI dazA kevI kevI joIe te saMbaMdhI ApaNuM jJAna eTaluM badhuM ochuM che ke temAM vizvAsapUrvaka kathana karavuM muzkela che; tathApi amuka sadAcAra ke amuka durAcAra zarIranI amuka dazAmAM ApaNe joIe chIe te kharA. paraMtu temanI vacce kAryakAraNa bhAvane sabaMdha che ke kema ? ane che te kevA prakArane ! e vAta ApaNe samajI zakatA nathI. paraMtu tapavRttio upajAvelI amuka prakAranI zArIrika pravRtimAMthI nIpajatA pariNAme viSe ApaNe game te mata bAMdhIe, tathApi jIvananI je dazAne upadeza tavRtti ApatI te dazAmAMthI upasthita thatAM pariNAme viSe te vivAda hoI ja zake nahi. saMtanA jIvanane mukhya udeza ja sanyAsa ha; ane sanyAsIne kuTuMbanI jaMjALa mAtra choDI devAnI hovAthI, kauTuMbika sadAcAra upara tavRtti bezaka duSaNa caDAve che. kuTuMba ane saMsAra pratye saMtane keTale tiraskAra hato, ane tethI pitAnA nikaTa saMbaMdhIonI sAthe hRdayanI keTalI badhI kaThinatA ane keTalA badhA anupakArathI teo vartatA hatA te temanI jIvanakathAmAMthI spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. bhUtakALanA A verAgIone vakhANanArAo AvI bAbatone sAmAnya rIte aMdhArAmAM rAkhe che. je mAtAe ene janma A hoya che tenuM hRdaya pitAnA anupakArathI bhaksa karI tene retI karavI, je patnI tene pUjatI hoya che tene bheLavIne kAyamane mATe kere karavI, chokarAMne nirAdhAra ane bhikhArI banAvI saMsAramAM rajhaLatA karI

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 291 mUkavAM, A badhuM enA Izvarane priya che ema e saMnyAsI tapadhArI dhArata, ane potAnA AtmAnuM zreya karavAnI tenI pharaja che ema e " mAnate. kuTuMbamAM rahIne kauTuMbika vizuddha kartavyo karatAM enI bhaktimAM khalela pahoMcI jatI. Ijhiyasa sanyAsI thaze ane lAMbA samaya pachI jyAre enA bApanA ane mAnapatro AvavA lAgyA tyAre vahAlAMnI smRtithI tenA cittanI zAMtimAM kadAca vikSepa Ave evI dhAstIthI vagara vAMce ja e patro te bALI deto. pitAne ekane eka chokaro je ATha varSane nAno bALaka hatuM tene sAthe laIne ane pitAnI saghaLI mAlamilkatane tyAga karIne eka mANasa maThamAM sanyAsa grahaNa karavA gaye. sAdhuoe ene maThamAM dAkhala karyo, ane tenA hadayane keLavavAmAM pravRtta thayA. " pate dhanavAna hato e vAta to e kayArane bhUlI gayo hato. paNa pite pitA hato e vAta bhUlI jatAM have tene zIkhavavI joIe." tenA nAnA bALakane tenAthI vikhuTA pADavAmAM Avyo; gaMdA cIMtharAM tene paheravA ApyAM tene mAratA, kUTatA, ane aneka prakAre jANI joIne tene bahu duHkha detA. pitAnI samakSa putrane A badhuM kaSTa ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM ane duHkhathI tavAI jatA, eka vakhata je cehere AnaMda thI hasamukha lAgato hato te have niraMtara AMsuthI chavAI rahe ane duHkhathI DUsakAM bharatA. e pitAnA putrane jJAna cahero divase divase joyA karavAnI pitAne pharaja paDatI. tathApi Isu khristanA premanI khAtara ane AjJAdhInatAnA sadAcArane laIne pitAnuM hRdaya kaThina rahetuM hatuM ane tene pitAnA putranI paNa dayA AvatI nahi. pitAnI dInatA ane sadAcAranI saMpUrNatAne mATe ja tene kALajI hatI. chevaTe maThAdhipatie e chokarAne laI nadImAM pheMkI devAnuM ene kahyuM. kAMI paNa duHkha ke dilane kaLabhaLAvyA vinA A AjJAnuM pAlana karavA te cAlyo, ane chevaTanI ghaDIe ja sAdhuo vacamAM paDayA ane nadIne kAMThe te bALakane bacAvyuM. A mANasa aMte meTa saMta gaNAyo hato. thIjhane eka rahevAsI eka mAdhipati pAse gayo ane pitAne sAdhu karavAnI eNe mAgaNI karI.

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292 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. maThAdhipatie pUchyuM. "tAre keI saguM che ?" "eka dIkaro che - e javAba te mANase Ape. vRddha maThAdhipatie uttara vALyAH "te chokarAne laI nadImAM nAkhI Ava; pachI tArAthI sAdhu thavAya." A AjJAnuM pAlana karavA pitA tvarAthI cAle, paNa te mANasa mokalI maThAdhipatie te chokarAne bacAvyo. ene e ja pATha keTalIka vakhata camatkAra dvArA zIkhavA. eka mANasa pitAnAM traNa chokarAMne tyAga karI sAdhu thaI gaye. traNa varSa pachI A chokarAne paNa maThamAM lAvavAne eNe nizcaya karyo, paNa ghera jaIne jotAM tene mAluma paDayuM ke be meTAM te kayAranAM marI gayAM hatAM. tethI trIjuM je cheka nAnuM bALaka hatuM tene pitAnA hAthamAM laI e pitAnA mAdhipati pAse Avyo. maThAdhipatie tenA bhaNI joI pUchyuM. A bALaka upara tAro prema che?" pitAe javAba ApeH "hA." mAdhipatie pharIne pUchayuM: "tenA upara tAre ghaNe prema che ?" pitAe teja pratyuttara vALe. maThAdhipatie kahyuM. tyAre e bALakane laI pelA baLatA agnimAM nAkha." gurUnI AjJA mAthe caDAvI bApe te bALakane agnimAM nAkhyuM. paraMtu bALakane kAMI IjA thaI nahi. paNa vizeSe karIne strI-saMbaMdhIonI sAthe temanI vartaNukamAM saMtonA dilanI kaThoratA khAsa jaNAI AvatI hatI. triIo paratve A sAdhu kiMvA sanyAsIne uddeza kauTuMbika lAgaNIone naSTaprAya karavAno hato. eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu strIenI hAjarIthI upajatA jokhamamAMthI pitAnuM rakSaNa karavAne uddeza paNa hato. saMta-vizuddhinuM suMdara puSpa mAtA ke bahenanA mukhane jevAthI paNa vakhate vaNasI jAya te enI bhIti temane rahetI. jyAre maThAdhipati sisejha ghaNe vRddha, nabaLo ane apaMga thayo tyAre jaMgala choDI kaI - vastIvALA bhAgamAM jaI rahevA mATe enA zive ene samajAvavA lAgyA. sIse kahyuM: "huM jAuM te khare, paNa tyAM strInuM mukha jovAnuM jokhama ane azAMti mane prApta na thAya tenI khAtrI Ape." alabatta AvI jAtanA mANasane mATe te jaMgala ja lAyaka hatuM, ane tethI te tyAM ja

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kenTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 283 zAMtimAM muo. Ama vRddhAvasthAmAM paNa strIonI dhAstI sAdhuone lAgatI. pitAnI janetAne aDakatAM paNa teo bItA. eka sAdhu pitAnI mAtA sAthe musApharI karatA hatA. cAlatAM cAlatAM eka nadI AvI, ane A nadIne pUla nahote. tethI mAtAne hAthe pakaDI tene nadI utAravAnI sAdhune jarUra jaNAI. have sAdhu potAnA hAthe cIpI cIpIne kapaDAM vIMTavA lAgyo. mAtA cakita thaI ane tema karavAnuM eNe ene kAraNa pUchayuM, sAdhu dIkarAe javAba Ape. " durbhAgye je ene sparza ene thaI jAya to enI prakRtinI svasthatAmAM bhaMga paDe. mATe te ema karato hate. kelemAnA saMta jenanI bahenanuM heta bhAI upara ghaNuM hatuM; ane pitAnA mRtyu pahelAM eka vAra pharIne tenuM maha jevA te bahu utkaMThita thaI, paNa saMta sAheba tenA kAlAvAlA dhyAnamAM letA nahi. tyAre bahene lakhyuM ke pote ja jaMgalamAM bhAInI jAtrAe Avaze. tyAre muMjhAIne A saMte tene lakhyuM ke e pite ja tenI pAse Avaze. pachI veza pAlaTIne bahenane te ma; ane bahene tene pANInuM pyAluM pAyuM paNa bhAIne oLakhe nahi. bhAIe paNa pitAnI jANa karI nahi, ane pAcho jaMgalamAM e cAlyo Avyo. ANI tarapha bahene bhAIne ThapakAnA patro lakhavA mAMDayA ke hajI sudhI eNe pitAnuM vacana pALyuM nahotuM. bhAIe lakhyuM: huM jarUra tamane mulAkAta ApI gayo chuM, paNa Isu khristanI kRpA karIne tame mane oLakhe nahi. ane have huM kadi maLavAnuM nathI. saMta thiyeDerasanI mAtA dharmagurUonA bhalAmaNa patro laI pitAnA dIkarAne maLavA AvI. paNa dIkarAe pitAnA maThAdhipati saMta pekemiyasane vinavI vinavIne potAnI mAtAne nahi maLavAnI rajA mAgI. garIba mAtA pitAnI dIkarI ke jeNe evA ja uddezathI evI musApharI karI tyAM AvI hatI. tenI sAthe maThanA anya bhAgamAM jaIne rahI ane A saMta sAheba mA bahenane paNa maLyo nahi. saMta mArasanI mAtAe maThAdhipatine kAlAvAlA karI samajAvatAM maThAdhipatie saMtane hukama karyo ke teNe mAtAne maLavA bahAra javuM. na jAya te AjJAdhInatAne bhaMga thAya, ane jAya te mAtAnuM

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294 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. maha jevAnuM pApa vahoravuM paDe. A dharma saMkaTa mAthe AvI paDatAM te temAMthI chUTavAnI caturayukti racI. veza pAlaTIne ane pitAnI AMkho baMdha rAkhIne mAtAnI pAse e gayo. mAtAe pitAnA dIkarAne oLakho nahi; ane dIkarAe pitAnI mAtAne joI nahi. evI ja rIte saMta pAaranI bahene potAnA bhAIne rUbarU thavAnI AjJA meLavI. AjJAno amala thayo, paNa saMta sAhebe nizcayapUrvaka mulAkAta daramyAna potAnI AMkho udhADI nahi. saMta pImena ane tenA cha bhAIoe tapajIvananI pavitratA prApta karavA mATe pitAnI mAtAne tajI dIdhI hatI. paraMtu dIkarAnA anupakArathI mAtAne prema kavacit ja maTI jAya che, ane tethI vRddhAvasthAnI nabaLAIthI vAMkI vaLI gaelI A budrI strI pitAnAM vahAlAM chokarAo nA mukhanuM ekavAra pharIthI darzana karavA mIsaranA jaMgalamAM gaI. pitAnI maDhImAMthI devaLamAM javA mATe bahAra nIkaLI AvatA pitAnA dIkarAone eNe dUrathI joyA, paNa turata ja A dIkarAo pAchA pitAnI maDhImAM bharAI gayA, ane lathaDI khAtI mAtA maDhIe pahoMce te pahelAM te eka jaNe AvI maDhInAM bAraNuM vAsI dIdhAM. tethI retI kaLakaLatI te bahAra ja paDI rahI. pachI saMta pImena bAraNu pAse Ave, paNa bAraNuM ughADayA vinA kahevA lAge - vRddha chatAM tuM AvI buma pADI zA mATe vilApa kare che ? mAtAe dIkarAne sAda oLakhyo ane kahyuM "dIkarAo, huM tamAruM moM jevA AvI chuM. huM tamAruM moM jouM tethI tamane zuM nukasAna thavAnuM che? huM tamArI mA nathI ? meM tamane dhavarAvyA nathI? have huM gharaDI thaI chuM ane mArA zarIra upara karacalIo vadhI gaI che. tamAro sAda sAMbhaLIne mArA hRdayane duHkha thAya che." chatAM saMta bhAIoe bAraNuM kholavAnI nA kahI. amAruM mota thayA pachI amane je je evuM kaThora vacana temaNe pitAnI janetAne kahyuM. A carita lakhanAra kahe che ke mAtA aMte AvI AzAthI saMtoSa pAmI tyAMthI jatI rahI. AvA aneka hRdayadrAvaka prasaMge banatA, paraMtu sAdhuo niSphara ja rahetA. bIjI bAbatonI peThe A bAbata

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295 kansTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. mAM paNa saMta simiyana sTAIlAITasanuM carita caDI jAya che. tenA mAbApano prema tenA upara ghaNo ja hato, ane tenuM jIvana carita lakhanAra kahe che ke saMta thavA mATe gherathI te nAsI gayo tenA zokathI tene bApa mRtyu pAmyo. paraMtu tenI dukhaNa mA jIvatI rahI hatI. sattAvIsa varSa pachI tapathI AkhI duniyAmAM prasiddha thaI paDelA pitAnA putranA raheThANanI tenI mAne khabara paDI, ane tene maLavA Atura banI te tyAM gaI. paraMtu tene saghaLo parizrama vyartha gayo. koI strIne enA raheThANamAM pesavA devAmAM AvatI nahi ane pitAnuM maha jovAnI paNa eNe ene nA pADI. reI kakaLIne teNe meNuM mAryA; paNa vyartha, teNe kahyuM "mArA dIkarA, zA mATe meM Ama karyuM che? garbhamAM meM tAre bhAra veThayo, ane teM mArA jIvane zokathI chinna bhinna karI nAkhe, meM tane dhavarAvI meTe karyo, teM AMsuthI mArI AMkho bharI dIdhI che. meM tane vahAlanAM cuMbana ApyAM hatAM, te bhagna hadayanI vedanA mane ApI che. tAre mATe meM je je karyuM ane bhagavyuM che, te badhAne badale atyaMta krura te mane Apyo che." chevaTe saMte kahevarAvyuM ke tenuM mukha jevA prasaMga hamaNAMja ene Avaze. traNa divasa sudhI te roI, kaLI ane kaMI kaMI kAlAvAlA karyA, paNa vyartha, chevaTe vRddhAvasthA, zoka, ane bhUkhathI te jamIna upara DhaLI paDI ane dIkarAnI maDhIne bAraNe chevaTane nizvAsa nAkhIne mRtyu pAmI. tyAre saMta sAheba pitAnA anuyAyIone laI bahAra AvyA. pite mArI nAkhelI mAtAnA zaba upara aMte bhaktinA kAMika AMsu pADI tenA AtmAnI zAMti arthe prArthanA karI. kadAca mAtra kalpanAne khela haze, kadAca mAtAnA khoLIAmAMthI prANa pUre ja pUre gayo nahi hoya, kadAca e vAta jeDI kADhelI haze; paraMtu DhaLI paDelA zarIramAM kAMIka saMcAra thayo, jene camatkAra mAnavAmAM AvyuM che. saMta sAhebe pharIne prArthanA karI, ane pachI vakhANa karatA pitAnA sevakanI sAthe mAne vadha karanAra A saMtaguphAmAM jaI bhakita karavA lAgyo. tapovRttinA samayamAM nItinA kevA vicAra ubhA thayA hatA te AvI

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296 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. kathAothI jaNAI Ave che. AvI virakta dazAne mukhya mukhya dharmagurUo ane lekhake te samayamAM uttejana ApatA, ane saMsArano tyAga ane kauTuMbika lAgaNIonA mAraNane uMcAmAM uMcuM kartavya gaNavAnuM teo kahetA. thoDA ghaNuM aMkuza paNa temaNe bezaka mUkyA hatA, paNa te nirjIva hatA. pati patnI ekabIjAne tyAga karavA svataMtra che ke kema ? e vAtane vicAra ApaNe pachI karazuM. paraMtu mAbApa je pitAnAM bALakane temanI marajI vinA maThamAM mUkI Ave te moTA thatAM temane saMsAramAM pAchA AvavAnI rajA maLatI. paraMtu I. sa. 633 mAM ToleDAnI cothI dharmasabhAe temanI A svataMtratA prathama ja laI lIdhI. ane sanyAsI thavA dIkare bApanI sAme thAya te khristivRddho e vAtanI prazaMsA karatA. jasTiniyane kAyado karyo ke dIkarAne bhaThamAM rahevuM hoya te mAbApathI aTakAyata thAya nahi ane temanI paravAnagI vinA sAdhu thayo hoya te tene vArasAmAMthI bAtala karavAnI temane sattA nathI. tethI sAdhuo upadeza karI dIkarAne dorI jatAM hatA. eka pitAe pitAnA yuvAna putrane lazkarI nokarImAM goThavavAne irAdo karyo hato, paNa tene lalacAvIne maThamAM laI javAmAM Avyo hato e vAtanuM varNana saMta krisestama ghaNA utsAhathI kare che, saMta aMbejhanuM vakatRtva evuM te mehaka gaNAtuM hatuM ke tenA AkarSaNathI rakSaNa karavA mAtAo potAnI dIkarIone gharamAM pUrI rAkhatI. premALa mAbApanI sthiti te samaye atyaMta duHkhada hatI. saMta krisastamanI mAtA ke jeNe dIkarAne khristi banAvavAmAM mukhya bhAga lIdho hato te mAtA jyAre dIkare sAdhu thavA taiyAra thaze tyAre dIna banI tene vinavavA lAgI ke jaMgalamAM nAsI javAnuM ane kartavya lAgatuM hoya te paNa enA mRtyu paryata e vAta eNe mulatavI rAkhavI. saMta aMbrojhano upadeza hatuM ke mAbApanI rajA laI je sanyAsI thAya te uttama; paNa temanI rajA lIdhA vinA je sanyAsI thAya te vaLI vadhAre uttama ane mAbApe je zikSA karI zake tenA karatAM tavRttinAM sukha ghaNuM vadhAre hatAM enI dalIla te karate hatA. je mAbApe pitAnAM chokarAMne jaMgalamAM jatAM aTakAve tenI niMdA pAdarI

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ma kensTanaTAIthI zArlamena sudhI. 297 varga jasTiniyananA kAyadA pahelAM paNa bahu karatA. saMta kisestama kahe ke evAM mAbApa avazya narakanA adhikArI ja thatAM. saMta aMbejha kahe ke kadAca A duniyAmAM paNa temane sajA thayA vinA rahetI nahi. e kahe che ke eka chokarIe maThamAM jaI sAdhvI thavAne nizcaya karyo tyAre tenAM sagAM sabaMdhIo tene samajAvavA lAgyAM. temAMthI eka jaNe ene kahyuM ke je ene bApa atyAre jIvate rahyA hatA te tene Ama kuMvArIe rAkhata ke kema ? te bAbatane eNe vicAra karavo ghaTe che. chokarIe thaDe peTe javAba Apyo ke A vakhate mane e aTakAyata na kare eTalA mATe ja kadAca tenuM mRtyu thayuM haze. tenuM A vacana deva vANIrUpa thaI paDayuM, kAraNa ke turataja ceDA vakhatamAM e avicArI prazna pUchanAra marI gaye; ane tenAM anya sagAM ulaTAM tene sAdhvI thavAnuM samajAvavA lAgyA. e selA nAmanI chokarI bAra varSanI hatI tyArathI sAdhvI thaI hatI; kaI paNa purUSanuM moM jovAnI te nA pADatI hatI, ane niraMtara prArthanA karavAthI tenA ghUMTaNa upara uTanA jevAM ALAM paDI gayAM hatAM. pilA nAmanI vidhavA pitAne ghaNuM marI gayo tyAre chokarAone retAM rajhaLatAM mUkI jerUselamanA sAdhuo pAse vahI gaI hatI. ane pitAnI AkhI milkata dhamAdAmAM uDAvI daI pachavADe meTuM devuM mUkI gaI hatI. sagA saMbaMdhIone vAraso mUkI javAmAM puNya nathI, paNa garIbane ke sAdhuone ja dhana ApI devAthI AtmAnuM kalyANa thAya che evA vicArane khAsa karIne uttejana ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. maratI vakhate keTalAMka mAbApa potAnA chokarAne bolAvIne kahetAM ke temanI saghaLI milkata temanI pAchaLa garIbone ApI devI. A vArasa ke bakSIsa saMta ogasTAIna le nahi e tene mATe ghaNuM mAnaprada che. paraMtu sAmAnya rIte evI rIte pAsenAM ane vahAlAM sagAne rajhaLAvavAmAM kAMI pApa gaNatuM nahi eTaluM ja nahi paNa temAM moTuM puNya gaNAtuM hatuM. "je yuvAna purUSa pitAnA mAtAnA zokanI avagaNanA karatAM zIkhyo che, tene mAthe pachI game tevI mahenatane bojo mUkAze te e khamI zakaze." ema te vakhate bolAtuM. saMta jeroma eka

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298 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. jaNane upadeza ApatAM A pramANe belyo hato. "tAre nAno bhatrIjo pitAnA nAnA hAtha nAkhI tArI koTe vaLagI paDe, tArI mA mAthAnA vALa pIMkhIne AkraMda kare ane tene dhavarAvI moTo karyo che ema kahe, tAre bApa tArI AgaLa maDaduM thaIne paDe to paNa tenA mRta deha upara paga mUkIne ane bIjAnI darakAra nahi karIne tuM cAlyo jaje. A bAbatamAM krUratAmAM ja bhakti che. tArI vidhavA bahena tane bheTI paDI vinavaze; tAre bApa tane cheDe vakhata bhavAnuM kaheze; tArI mA karagaraze; tArI Asa pAsa vIMTAI vaLI sai kaheze ke gharane AdhAra tArA upara che. paNa prabhuno prema ane narakanI dhAstI A badhI beDIone sahelAIthI teDI nAkhavA samartha che. tAre ema kahevuM ke mAbApanI AjJA pALavI ema zAstra kahe che; paNa Isu khrista karatAM jene pitAnAM mAbApa vadhAre vahAlAM che tenA AtmAnI adhogati ja thAya che. tAre kahevuM ke duzmana mAthe taravAra laIne ubhe che eve samaye mAtAnA AMsuone zuM huM vicAra karIza?" AvA vicAra pachInA jamAnAmAM paNa cAlu rahyA hatA. mahAna saMta gregarI kahe che ke eka chokare sAdhu thayo hato, paNa tenA mAbApa uparathI tene prema chUTI zake naheto; ane tethI eka vakhata gupta rIte temane maLavA e gayo; paraMtu pAcho jyAre e maThamAM Avyo ke turata te marI gayo; ane ene dATavA mAMDe tyAre jamIna enA maDadAne pAchuM ulALI devA lAgI. arthAta jamIne paNa ene saMgharavAnI nA pADI. pachI jyAre saMta beneDikaTe enI chAtI upara pavitra bhojanane TUkaDe mUko tyAre ja tene dATI zakAya. evuM kahevAya che ke eka sAdhvIe tenI mA upara jarA vizeSa paDato prema rAkhyo hato tethI vizuddhine mATe traNadivasa sudhI muA pachI pApa nivAraka agninI javALAmAM ene rahevuM paDayuM hatuM. eka saMtane mATe evuM kahevAya che ke te evA te bhalA svabhAvane hatuM ke potAnA sagAM sivAya anya keInI sAthe sakhtAI ke kaThoratAthI varatatAM e jaNAvyo nahoto. eka saMte potAnA bApane phaTakAnI sajA karI hatI, kAraNa ke saMta tarIke saune pite pitA che ema e gaNAte hato. saMto

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kensTanaTAInathI zAlamena sudhI. 299 chokarIone gupta rIte salAha ApI temane sAdhvIo karavAmAM sahAya ApatA. tapavRttine prathama ubharo zamI jatAM, pitAe kholI sattA pAdarIvarganA hAthamAM AvatI gaI. kauTuMbika jIvananA pitAnA chUpAmAM chupA vicAra ane gunA mANase pAdarIo pAse jaI kabula karatA. sattAnI, sahadayatAnI ane keTalIka vakhata te premanI zreSTatA paNa kauTuMbika jIvanamAM rahyA nahi, ane bIkaNa ane bhoLI strIonA atyaMta gupta vicAre ane vRttio upara pitAnI saMpUrNa sattA sthApIne pAdarIoe duniyAnA rAjyane pAyo nAkhyo. tapovRttinA prathama kALamAM kauTuMbika lAgaNIonI kevI dazA thaI hatI tenuM citra ApaNe AlekhyuM; ane e citra evuM spaSTa che ke have vadhAre kahevAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. pitAnA kAryamAM ke vicAramAM vizvarUpa thAya evI pitAnI AsapAsanI jALamAMthI mukta thaI sadAcArI purUSane kavacita moTo ane duHkhada Atma-bhega Apavo paDe che e vAta taddana sAcI che. paraMtu evA banA prAsaMgika ane apavAdarUpa hoya che, ane tene udeza koI meTa paropakAra hoya che. paraMtu tapovRttimAM kaiTuMbika premanA tyAgane khAsa siddhAMta ja hato ane te tyAga sarvottama sadAcAra gaNAto hata; vaLI tene udeza paNa moTe bhAge athavA kevaLa svArtha ja hato. tethI upara kahelA AtmabhoganI sarakhAmaNI tapadhArIonA vartana sAthe karI zakAya nahi. tapadhArIone vahAlAMnA virahanI vedanA bezaka ghaNIvAra bahu thatI; ane ghaNuM sAdhuo uparathI zAMta dekhAtA, paNa aMtaramAM ghaNuM premALa ane hetALa hatA tenA ghaNA dAkhalA che. pitAnA eka patramAM saMta jeroma saMtoSa ane magarUbIthI kahe che ke anivArya virahanI A vedanA rAjI khuzIthI sahana karavAmAM mANaso pitAnuM mahada bhAgya samajatA hatA ane sAdhu thatA hatA evI enA upadezanI khUbI hatI, paraMtu kauTuMbika lAgaNIone kevaLa chaMdI mAravAmAM ja sarvottama sadA. cAra che ke kema? e prazna bAjue rAkhIne kartAnA kAryane sadAcAra jANa hoya to teNe ApelA Atma-bhoga uparAMta tene udeza paNa

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300 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. tapAsa joIe. ane A daSTie tapAsatAM tapadhArInA Atmabhogane grIsa ane romanA mahAna narenA AtmabhoganI hAramAM mUkI zakAto nathI. A leka ke paleka-game tyAM lAbha thatuM hoya, paNa te lAbha ja che, svArtha che. pAkika duHkhane tIvra bhaya ke bhaviSyamAM thavAnA sukhanI prabaLa dara cha jyAM kAryanuM prayojana hoya tyAM AsthAnI dhArmika uttamatA bhale hoya, paNa hRdayane unnata banAvate niHsvArthane guNa te tyAM nathI ja. hAlanA samayamAM palekanA sukha duHkhanI vAta ApaNI kalpanA upara ghaNI nibaLa asara karI zake che, tethI ApaNuM dhArmika prayajana sAmAnya rIte bane svArthI hoya che. paraMtu e prayojana hamezAM evuM bIna svArthI rahyuM nathI, ane tapovRttinA prathama kALamAM te e bezaka bIna svArthI nahotuM ja, bhaviSyane vicAranI dhAstIothI sAdhu jaMgalamAM deDI jatA hatA, ane tapovananI AkhI pravRttimAM dhArmika paNa prabaLa svArthanI vRtti sivAya anya kazuM nahotuM. kaTuMbika lAgaNIonA ucchedanI asara lekenA sAmAnya cAritrya." upara ghaNuM karIne ghaNuM mADI thaI hatI. keTalAMka spaSTa kartavya karavAnuM kSetra kuTuMba che eTaluM ja nahi paNa lAgaNIone keLavavAnuM paNa te sthaLa che; ane e tapasvIonA tapane prakAra e hato ke pariNAme temanA AcaraNamAM atyaMta vikrALatA AvI. saghaLA sAMsArika saMbaMdha ane snehathI virakta banelA A sAdhuo pitAnI dharma saMsthAne ane pitAnA abhiprAyone cUstapaNe sajajaDa vaLagI rahetA; ane temanA AkhA jIvananuM jera eka ja viSaya upara ekatra thaeluM hovAthI, temanI ajJAnatA ane dhamadhatAne lIdhe temanI virUddha koI sArI vastu hovAno saMbhava ja temane lAgato na hovAne lIdhe, ane saghaLI vAstavika sahRdayatA ane lAgaNaone samULa ucheda karavAne temane mukhya udeza hovAthI, je mANase temanA matathI jUdA paDe temane aMtaHkaraNathI teo atyaMta dhikkAratA hatA. A dhikAranI baLatarA te vakhate bahu sAmAnya thaI paDI hatI. rAmanA rAjya-baMdhAraNamAM dhArmika svataMtratAne saMpUrNa te nahi, paNa bahoLA

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kensTanaTAIthI zAlamena sudhI. 301 ane sAmAnya svIkAra hato; te svIkAra mukhyatve karIne khristi dharma gurUonA pratApe karIne jato rahyo ane tene badale bahu bArIka ane sakhta dhArmika akSamAnA kAyadA thayA. A kAyadAne akSarazaH amala karanArA ane karAvanArA A tapasvI sAdhuo thaI paDayA. remana mahArAjyamAM bhaktinA keI prakAranI kAyadAmAM manAI hoya to paNa te karatAM lokone bahu bhIti rahelI nahi, kAraNake rAjya moTuM mana rAkhI evI tuccha vAtane gaNakAratuM nahi, ane polisanI dekharekha paNa bahu bArIka rahetI nahi. A paddhati khristi dharmanA udayane mATe bahu agatyanI hatI ane anukULa thaI paDI hatI. paraMtu khristi dharma e paddhatine nAza ja karI nAkhe. sAdhuonAM ToLAM AkhA dezamAM bhaTakatA, maMdIre bALI mUkatA, mUrtio bhAMgI nAkhatA, ane gAmaDIAo sAthe vikhavAda karI khunakhAra TaMTA karatA ane A kAmane mATe temanAthI vadhAre lAyaka bIjA mANase hoI paNa zake nahi. temanI vikrALa dharmAdhatAne lIdhe, dareka mUrti nI aMdara pizAca ja hoya che evI temanI mAnyatAne lIdhe, ane mUrti pUjAnI sAme thatuM yuddha dharmayuddha hovAne lIdhe temAM mRtyu thAya te dharma vira gaNAIe evI temanI mAnyatAne lIdhe, pitAnuM zuM thaze tenA teo bedarakAra rahetA ane sAdhuo hovAne lIdhe teo pavitra manAtA hovAthI rAjyanA amaladAre temane kabaje rAkhavA bhAgye ja zaktimAna thatA. je mANasa pitAnI mAtA ke bahenanA hRdaya-phATa rUdananI milakula darakAra na rAkha ane kaI paNa rIte dehane kaSTa ApavAne ja iMtejAra rahe, tene anyanI, Izvara-bhaktinI ke anyanuM aMtara duHkhAze e vAtanI darakAra kyAMthI rahe ? ane kaLAnA seMdaryanuM bhAna paNa tenAmAM zI rIte Ave ? tethI bhavya maMdIro teo teDI pADatA; ane temaNe teDI pADelAM maMdIre pharI bAMdhavAne hukama je kaI ramI zahenazAha kara to dharma gurU ane tapasvIo tenA hukamane vakhoDI kahetA ke te moTAmAM moTuM pApa kare che. teDelAM devone pharI bAMdhavAmAM ke baMdhAvavAmAM pApa che e siddhAMta khristi gurUe kahetA ane manAvatA.

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302 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ------- - - tapovRtti nuM eka bIjuM agatyanuM pariNAma e hatuM ke jethI nAgarika sadAcAra dabAI gayA ane keTalIka vakhata te lagabhaga nAza pAmyA. niSpakSavicArakane sahaja jaNAze ke vidharmIonA samaya karatAM khristi samayamAM dayA ane brahmacara vadhAre keLavAyAM hatAM. paNa nAgarika ane buddhi viSayaka sadAcAre ochA mAnanIya gaNavA lAgyA hatA. khristidharma sthApita thayo tenI pahelAM buddhiviSayaka je caLavaLa cAlatI hatI tenuM mukhya lakSaNa e hatuM ke tethI svadezAbhimAna dhIme dhIme naSTa thayuM e vAta ApaNe kayAranI kahI che. grIsa ane roma bannenA prAthamika samayamAM pitAnA deza pratyenuM kartavya mANasanuM prathama kartavya gaNAtuM hatuM. temanA naitika namunAmAM A sadAcAra pAyAbhUta hato. temanA nItizAstranI AkhI vyavasthAmAM A vAta mukhya hatI, ane jUdA jUdA naitika guNamAM jeTale aMze vikhyAta zaherIo nIpajAvavAnuM valaNa hoya teTale aMze temanI sArI kiMmata aMkAtI. ApaNe kahyuM che te pramANe romana mahArAjyamAM A vRtine nAza be kAraNane laIne thayo che. eka kAraNa rAjyakiya hatuM, ane bIjuM buddhiviSayaka hatuM. rAjakiya kAraNa e hatuM ke romana rAjyamAM jUdI jUdI prajAe eka rAjya-chatra nIce AvavAthI vyaktigata ane buddhiviSayaka svataMtratAnuM kSetra vadhyuM. paraMtu prajAne eka bhAvanA nAza pAmI, ane rAjyakiya caMcaLatAnuM lagabhaga dareka kSe baMdha thayuM, buddhiviSayaka kAraNa ke je rAjyakIya kAraNathI sAva asaMbaddha te nahotuM te e hatuM ke pUrvadezI philasuphIonuM jora dhIme dhIme vadhI paDayuM hatuM. A philasuphIoe prAthamika romana mahArAjyanA pravRttimaya sTaIka matane padabhraSTa karyo ane tatvaciMtanamAM ane parizrama pUrvaka vizuddhi karavAmAM sadAcAranI zreSThatA manAtI, ane temAM ja jIvananuM sAphalya manAtuM, temanI asarathI rAjyakiya caMcaLatA ochI thaI. A banne kAraNone lIdhe remana svadezAbhimAna dhIme dhIme naSTa thayuM. A naSTatA khristi dharmanI sthApanAmAM bahu sahAyabhUta thaI che. dharmanI saghaLI bAbatamAM mANasanA abhiprAyonuM niyamana vicArapUrvaka temanI dalIla karatAM temanI anuvRttiothI vadhAre thAya che, ane je dharma prajAnI prabaLa bhAvanAnI.

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kensTanaTAinathI zArlamena sudhI. 303 virUddha hoya che te dharma te prajAmAM sthApI zakAyo nathI athavA kavacita ja sthApI zakAya che. durbhAgye khristi dharmane svadezAbhimAnanI sAthe prathamathI ja banatuM nahi, spaSTa kAraNone lIdhe jyuDiyAnA prajAkIya jussAthI khristio sAva nirALA paDyA hatA. ane olavAI gaelA agnimAM rahI rahIne prajaLatA taNakhAnI mAphaka daSTa thatuM temanuM svadezAbhimAna paNa temane teTaluM ja virodhI ane pratikULa lAgatuM hatuM. remanI sattA khristione potAnA dharmanI vidhI lAgatI, ane te dharmanuM hajAra varSanuM rAjya jAme te pahelAM te sattAne uthApI nAMkhavAnuM kAma Avazyaka hatuM. tenI sattAne satvara nAza thavAne che evo pUrva-nizcaya karIne bhUtakALanA tenA bhUSaNarUpa zarIranI mAThI gati bAbata vAta karIne, ane svadezAbhimAnanI daDhatAthI nA kahIne rAjyanI prakRtine kevaLa virUddha evI eka gerakAyadesara saMsthA temaNe sthApI. jo ke rAjyanI sAme ughADe baLa karavAthI teo aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka vegaLA rahyA che, tathApi pitAnA vicAra teo gupta rAkhatA nahi; ane temanA upadezanuM AkhuM valaNa sArvajanika jIvananAM utsAha ane kartavyomAMthI mANasane jema bane tema pAchA vALI levAnuM hatuM. pitAnA dezanA lAbhanI bAbatamAM teo tadana nispRha rahetA e vAta teo baDAI mArIne kabula karatA. hathIAra grahI laDavA javuM e vAta vAjabI che ke nahi? e bAbata temane ghaNe saMzaya hatuM. ane sipAInA cAritryamAM rahelI magarUbI, uccAzayatAne teo khristi guNa gaNavAnI nA kahetA. temanuM kharuM ghara ane lAbha te anya duniyAmAM hatAM, ane pitAne dharma pALavAmAM temane je kAMI aDacaNa thatI na hoya te rAjya kevuM che? e bAbatanI temane bilakula dara kAra rahetI nahi. ane A vAta temanI sattA jAmyA pachI teo spaSTa rIte kabula karatA hatA. tavRttie A bedarakArIne cheka chelle pagathIe lAvI mukI khristi dharmanA utsAhI anuyAyIone eNe jaMgalamAM bhegA karyA. ane remanA svadezAbhimAnane chevaTane phaTake mArI tene saMpUrNa nAza karyo. romanA rAjyanA astanuM eka kAraNa A paNa hatuM. naitika utsAha ane niviSTa (Psitive) dharmonA saMbaMdha ke che

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304 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. te bAbata sAmAnya lokenI samajaNa ghaNuM karIne bahu bhUlabharelI hoya che. dharmonI hayAti vinA je gupta utsAha kadI paNa bahAra kadAca AvI zakata nahi te utsAhane bahAra ANavAnI kharekharI zakti dharmomAM rahelI che e vAta kharI; paNa temanI asara ekaMdare navuM upajAvavA karatAM AkarSaka kiMvA haka ghaNuM karIne vadhAre hoya che. naitika utsAhanA pravAhane vahevA mATe dharma nIka bAMdhI Ape che, te utsAhane bujhavAno De Ape che ane tene dRSTibiMdu puruM pADe che. prAthamika ane naitika utsAha svadezAbhimAnanI nIkamAM vahete ha; ane dareka ramavAsI pitAnI naitika uccatAnA pramANamAM utsAhapUrvaka pitAnA dezanA bhalAmAM ane kAryamAM bhAga leto hato. khristi tapittie nItinA utsAhane A pravAha anya dizAmAM pheravI nAkho ane tenA pariNAme nAgarika sadAcAra avazya karIne asta pAmyA. pArvajanika kAmamAM utsAhapUrvaka bhAga kaI letuM nahi ane nIca droha ane bhraSTatA rAjyanA dareka khAtAmAM piDAM; lazkara bAyaluM banI gayuM. ane lekenA AcaraNamAM tiraskaraNIya laghutA AvI, duzmane pitAnuM zehera laTIne ke bALIne cAlyA jAya ke turata ja nagaravAsIo ramata gamatamAM pravRtta thatA hatA. eka taraphathI sakhata tapazcaryA thatI hatI ane dharmane upadeza apAte hatA, te bIjI taraphathI dezanI AvI sthiti thatI ane leke tenA bedarakAra rahetA hatA. je utsAha ane zairya svadezanA saMrakSaNamAM vaparAvA joIe, te mANasa janmathI ja pApI che ke kema ? evA dharmanA praznomAM kharacAvA lAgyAM ane te paNa vaLI eve samaye ke je vakhate erika pitAnA lazkarathI remane vIMTI rahyo hate; je rAmavAsIo eka vakhate ajIta gaNAtA hatA te pitAnA deza ane gharabAra choDI araNyamAM javA lAgyA ane tyAM bhayaMkara paNa nirarthaka kaSTa dehane devA lAgyA. jyAre gotha lekae remane sara karI lUTayuM hatuM, tyAre briti devaLa lUTanA bhayaMkara trAsamAMthI mukta rahyuM hatuM ane tethI navIna prakAranI pavitratA ane pUjaya buddhinuM bhAna lekene thavA lAgyuM hatuM tenI sAbItimAM khristi devaLa batAvI saMta oNgasTAina vAjabI magarUbI letA hatA. te

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 305 AnA javAbamAM vidharmI paNa kaheto ke vijetAne nANunI rakama ApavA mATe parAkrama ane bhAgyadevInA sonAnA pUtaLAMo paNa gALI nAMkhavAmAM AvyAM che e vAta paNa samajavA jevI che. arthAta eka tarapha navIna prakAranI pavitratA ane pUjya buddhinuM bhAna lekene thavA lAgyuM hatuM, te bIjI taraphathI zaurya ane parAkrama paNa dezamAMthI gayAM hatAM. romanI paDatImAM khristio kema jANe rAjI hoya tema bedarakAra rahetA hatA. dharmane nAme dezadroha paNa thavA lAgyA hatA. Astika khristionA julamathI trAsa pAmI DeneTisTa nAmanA paMthavALAoe jyAre DAla lekee AphrikA upara caDAI karI tyAre dezane pAyamAla karavAmAM ughADe choge madada karI hatI. itihAsamAM AvA aneka dAkhalA banyA che, dharmane nAme thatI laDAIemAM ema ja bane che; ane dharmane nAme dezadroha karavAmAM dharmanA jhanunIne pApa samajAtuM nathI. A pramANe remanA rAjyane chinna bhinna karavAmAM khristi dharma mukhya bhAga lIdhe che. jaMgalI humalA karanArAo pratye khristi dharma rAkheluM vartana manuSya jAtane ekaMdare keTaluM phAyadAkAraka nIvaDyuM che te barAbara kahevuM jarA muzkela che. naitika ane rAjakIya bhraSTatAnI sahAyane lIdhe romanA rAjyane asta vehele moDo paNa aMte cokkasa hato; ane navA dharma naitika utsAhane pravAha eka dizAmAM aTakAvyo to bIjI dizAmAM tene khuba sateja karyo hate. remanuM rAjya khedAnamedAna thaI jatAM lokone mAthe jyAre saMkaTa paDavA lAgyAM tyAre te saMkaTa sakhAvatathI ane lavAdIthI khristi dharma ghaNuM ochAM karyAM hatAM tenI nA kahevAya ema nathI; ane rAjakIya bAbatamAM teo taTastha rahetA hatA tethI ja lekenuM hita teo ghaNuM karI zakyA hatA e paNa nirvivAda che. paraMtu temanA A taTasthapaNAthI sadAcAranA kramamAM savadezAbhimAnane je sthAna apAtuM hatuM temAM meTa ane kAyamano pheraphAra thaI gayo. pAchaLanA samayamAM prasaMge pAta evuM baneluM che ke jyAre virodhI saMpradAyo sAthe jhaghaDAmAM utaravuM paDe tyAre khristipaMthe e A svadezAbhimAnanI vRttine apIla karavAmAM pitAno lAbha joyo che;

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306 yUrepIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. athavA te dezabhakta purUSanA uddezonI ane saMpradAyanA AcAryone udezonI ekatA thatI hoya evA prasaMge paNa mAlama paDelA che; ane Ave prasaMge dhArmika vRtti ane svadezAbhimAna banee eka bIjAmAM bhaLI jaI eka bIjAne prabaLa ane daDha karelAM che. spenanA leke ane mura leke vacce, pilAMDanA leke ane rUziyAnA leke vacce, AIriza kethalika ane igliza preTesTaMTa leke vacce, jyAre virodha thayA hatA tyAre tenI asara AvI thaelI che. paNa kartavya tarIke svadezAbhimAnane khristionI nItimAM koI sthAna kAda prApta thayuM nathI ane prabaLa dhArmikavRtti tenA vikAsane hamezAM virodhI ja mAlama paDelI che. dharmagurUoe rAjakIya viSayamAM ghaNe bhAga lIdhe che e vAta kharI, paNa te pitAnA dharma saMbaMdhI uddezo pAra pADavA mATe ja; ane pitAnA varganA bhalA mATe pitAnA dezanA hitane bhoga niyamapUrvaka temanA jeTale anya koI saMsthAe ApyuM nathI. dharma bhAvanA ane svadezAbhimAnanI lAgaNI vacce virodha hevAnAM traNa kAraNa jaNAya che. (1) prabaLa dharmabhAvanAnuM valaNa mANasane saMsArathI virakta karAvavAnuM hoya che, ane tenuM chevaTa pariNAma tavRtti kiva sanyAsa che. A tapavRtti jude jude rUpe hamezAM khristi dharmamAM dekhAI che. (2) dharma bhAvanAnA dareka prakAramAM pita pitAnI vyavasthA, niyama ane lAbha sahita pita pitAnI saMsthA yA paMtha sthApavAnuM valaNa hoya che, ane te ghaNuM karIne prajAkIya vyavasthA ane baMdhAraNanI vacce Ave che, ane je bhakti ane prema svAbhAvika rIte dezane ane rAjakartAo pratye vaparAta te A saMsthAe pitA pratye kheMcI le che. (3) dharmanuM lakSya pavitra yA ucca hoya che ane svadezAbhimAnanuM lakSya sainika cAritrya hoya che, ane A be vijAtIya vastuo che, kAraNa ke je ke bannemAM sadAcAranAM ghaNuM sAmAnya to hoya che, paNa guNanAM pramANa kivA mizraNa banemAM bhinna bhinna hoya che. nItinA ItihAsamAM A agatyanI uthalapAthalathI be vAta spaSTa thAya che. prathama to nItizAstranA be mukhya siddhAtomAM tethI vyAvahArika

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konsTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 307 ane rAjakIya jIvananuM svarUpa pharI gayuM che. prAcIna lekamAM sToka matavALAo ke je sadAcAra ane durAcArane sarva vastuothI atyaMta bhinna gaNatA te prajAkIya jIvanamAM caMcaLatAthI bhAga letA hatA ane evI rIte bhAga levAnuM teo pitAnuM prathama kartavya lekhatA hatA, paraMtu epikayuratanA anuyAyIo upayogitAne ja sadAcAra lekhatA hatA ane sukhane tenuM aMtima prayojana gaNatA hatA; chatAM prajAkIya jIvanathI teo alaga rahetA hatA, ane pitAnA ziSyone tenI upekSA karavAne upadeza ApatA hatA. sadAcAra ane sukha bhinna bhinna vastuo che e upadeza ApavAmAM tapovRttie sTaIka matanuM anusaraNa karyuM che, paNa sAthe sAthe nAgarika sadAcArane te atyaMta pratikULa paNa hatI. paraMtu gulAmagIrI jyArathI nAbuda thaI tyArathI je mahAna audyogika pravRtti zarU thaI che ane svarUpe je janahitavAdane ja anusaranArI che te rAjakIya pragatimAM ghaNuM ja caMcaLa ane baLavAna tatva thaI paDI che. A parivartana nItinA ItihAsamAM bahu moTA pheraphAra sUcave che; ane te khAsa lakSamAM rAkhavA jevA che. bIjI vAta lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che te ApaNe svadezAbhimAnI kAryonI je kiMmata AMkIe chIe te bAbata viSe che. kaI prajAnA khAnagI ane kaiTuMbika sadAcAra viSe ghaNI beja karavAnI itihAsakAranI IcchA hoya, tathApi nAgarika sadAcAre ja temanA graMthamAM bahu AgaLa paDatA dekhAI Ave che. ItihAsano sabaMdha manuSyanA moTA samudAya sAthe ja hoya che. tatvajJAnanAM darzane ane dharmo sArvajanika jIvananI vizALa raMgabhUmi upara bhavya pariNAme nIpajAve che tenI kiMmata sahelAIthI ane saMpUrNa rIte AMkavAmAM Ave che, ane nAgarika sadAcArane je darzane anukULa nathI hotAM temanAthI A darzanene vadhAre kiMmatI gaNavAnuM valaNa vAcakavarga ane lekhake bannemAM hoya che; tathApi te darzane vyaktienI Atma-keLavaNI, kauTuMbika saijanya ane sakhAvatanA kSetramAM aprasiddha rIte bahu sArAM pariNAma upajAve che. A pAchala sadAcAramAM Atma-bhoga ghaNe raheluM hoya che ane manuSya jAtane tethI sukha paNa

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308 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. bahu thAya che ane A dRSTie jotAM temanI kiMmata bahu aMkAvI joIe, paNa itihAsanA moTA bane te na hovAthI itihAsakAronI daSTi temanA tarapha bahu kheMcAtI nathI. A kAraNane lIdhe khristi dharmane bahu anyAya thayo hoya ema jaNAya che. tenI nItinI asara samAja karatAM vyakti upara hamezAM ghaNI vadhAre thaI che; ane je kSetrone spaSTa sAkSAkAra ItihAsane thaI zakato nathI te ja kSetromAM bIjA dharma karatAM te dharmanI zreSThatA spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. jaMgalIo ane musalamAnonA humalAthI prAcIna saMskRtine nAza thaye te pahelAM khristi sattAnA samayamAM remana rAjyanI ane bAIjhenTAIna rAjyanI nIti ekaMdare kevI hatI tene barAbara tela na karavuM heya te A vAta khAsa lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che. vaLI ApaNe eTaluM paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnI jarUra che ke je prajAo upara khristi dharmanI sattA jAmI hatI te prajAomAM bhraSTa ane asta thatI prAcIna saMskRtinI kaTe ghara ghAlIne beThI hatI, ane keTalAka ati DAhyA TIkAkAre ke jemanA lekha uparathI ja te jamAnAnI nItinuM tolana ApaNe karavuM paDe che te TIkAkAre nAnI nAnI bAbatamAM paNa bahu bArIka coLAcoLa karatA hatA. evI ghaNI nAnI bAbate ke je sAmAnya daSTine upekSaNIya lAge te saMta ke dharma gurUnI najaramAM bahu meTI lAge che. pitAnA samayanA vilAsI samAjanA sAdhAraNa piozAka ane rItarIvAja britio pAchA grahaNa karavA mAMDe, pitAnA paMthanI prAthamika sakhtAIne hajI paNa cIvaTathI vaLagI rahe tenI khristio hAMsI kare, athavA te je mANase eka vakhata mAtra nAmanA ja vidhamAM hatA te have mAtra nAmanA ja khristio thAya; AvI AvI bAbato upara arvAcIna TIkAkAro ghaNuM karIne bahu lakSa Apaze nahi. vaLI ghaNI vakhata nItizAstrakAra mojazokhanA keI navA prakAra ke najIvI rahI ke jene te geravAjabI gaNatA hoya che ne khAsa lakSamAM rAkhI tenI atizayokti yukta niMdA kare che ane eTalI badhI vadhAre paDatI agatyatA ene Ape che ke je pAchalA jamAnAmAM samajI zakAtI nathI.

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kansTanaTAInathI zAlamena sudhI 309 vidharmIo ane khristio bannenA lakhANomAM AvAM daSTAMti maLI Ave che ane nItinA ItihAsamAM e pRSTha ghaNuM vicitra che. A pramANe eka amIre pitAne ratha pitAne hAthe hAMka hato mATe juvenala tene bhAMDavAmAM bAkI rAkhatA nathI. te kahe che ke je varSa pite zaherane hAkema nImAyo teja vadhe, divase te nahi paNa caMdra ane tArAonI daSTi samakSa, ane te paNa jAhera rastA upara, pitAno ratha pitAne hAthe hAMkatAM te amIrane jarA paNa zarama AvI nahi ! keTalAMka mANaso judI judI jAtanA pINAmAM barapha nAMkhI te pItA e zekhIna rIvAjane ghaNe ghAtakI ane asvAbhAvika gaNa senikA tene ghaNe bhraSTa kahete. blini kahe ke ke senAnI vIMTI paheravAno zokhIna rivAja jeNe prathama zodhI kADhaye hoya tene meTAmAM meTA rAkSasI gunegAra kahe joIe. daMta-maMjananI prazaMsA karavA mATe eppalIasane potAne bacAva karavAnI jarUra paDI hatI, ane bacAvamAM teNe kahyuM hatuM ke nAIla nadInA pANImAMthI magaro paNa amuka amuka vakhate bahAra AvI kinArA upara jaDabA ughADAM rAkhI paDayA rahetA, ane pakSIo AvI pitAnI cAMcathI temanAM dAMta sApha karI nAkhatA; tethI ema siddha thAya che ke dAMta sApha karavAnuM kAma kudaratI rIte vAjabI che. prAcInI sakhata niMdAnA pramANamAM ja je jUdI jUdI rUDhIenA gunAnuM mApa karavA ApaNe besIe te mAthe khoTA vALa paheravAne ke temane kRtrima rIte raMgavAne rivAja temanA samayamAM ghAtakImAM ghAtakI guno hato ema kahevuM paDe. elekjhAMDiyAne kelemenTa pUchato ke khoTA vALane lIdhe keTalIka dhArmika kriyAo barAbara thaI gaNAya ke nahi ? kAraNa ke, dhAre ke koI mANase mAthe khoTA vALa paherIne pAdarIne AzirvAda ghUMTaNIe paDI mAgyo, ane te pAdarIe tenA mastake hAtha mUkI AzirvAda Ape; te e AzirvAda kharuM jotAM eNe kene Ape? mAthe paherelA khoTA vALa kadAca je manuSya narakamAM paDayuM haze tenA hoya te ! e vicArathI Tarayuliyanane kaMpArI chUTatI ityAdi. saikAo vahI gayA romanuM rAjya pAyAmAMthI khaLabhaLI paDI gayuM ane durAcAra ane

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310 yUrepIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. duHkhanAM pUra duniyAmAM patharAI gayAM; paNa chatAM AvI AvI bAbatamAM khristi vRddhonI sakhata TIkA ochI thAya nahi. saMta aMbrojha, saMta je rema ityAdi aneka saMtoe khoTA vALanI virUddha vigraha jesabhera cAlu rAkhyo hato. paraMtu khristi vRddho AvI najIvI bAbatonI sara TIkA karatA hatA te uparathI ema jaNAya che ke te samayanA samAjamAM gaMbhIra prakAranA durAcAra thatA nahi-evuM anumAna je koI bAMdhe te te anumAna paNa kevaLa khoTuM ja che. kharuM kahIe te e samayanA jevo bhraSTa bIje kaI samAja bhAgye ja haze e vAta aneka lekhothI siddha thAya che. ati pavitra jaNAtI saMsthAo ane vargomAM paNa bhraSTatA pesI gaI hatI. khristionA pavitra gaNAtA premotsavamAM puSkaLa dArU pIvAta ane tophAna thatAM. khristi vRddho evA pretsavane vakhoDatA; cothA saikAmAM leDizIyAnI dharmasabhAe temane gunAhita gaNyA hatA; pAchaLathI kAjanI dharmasabhAe paNa tema ja karyuM hatuM; chatAM kalaMkarUpe ane gunArUpe paNa te cAlu rahyA hatA. ane sAtamA saikAnI Akhare TulenI dharma sabhAe temane aMte dAbI dIdhA hatA. dharma vIronA mAnamAM thatA meLAmAM paNa anAcAra vadhI paDe ho. strIo khullI rIte pitAnA patine bhaMga karatI, ane temAM thatA durAcArane lIdhe vArSika meLe baMdha kare paDate hate. lagnanA saMbaMdhamAM pAdarIonI aspaSTa sthitine lIdhe paNa gaMbhIra prakAranI geravyavasthA thaI paDI hatI. saMta sAIpriyananA samayamAM pAdarIo paraNatA nahi, paNa aneka bahAne pitAnI rakhAtane gharamAM rAkhavAno rivAja sAmAnya thaI paDyuM hatuM, paraMtu kensTanaTAInanA samaya pachI A bAbatane pikAra vadhI paDayo hato. kumArikA ane sAdhu ghaNI vakhata sAthe e gharamAM rahetAM, ane keTalIka vakhata te eka pathArImAM sAthe sUI brahmacarya pALyAnuM kahetA. tAlevaMta vidhavAonA vArasa thavA mATe khuzAmatI A pAdarIo dharmane bahAne temanI aneka prakAre khuzAmata karatA hatA. ane AbAdI eTalI badhI vadhI gaI hatI ke pAdarIone ane sAdhuone evI

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kensTanaTAinathI zArlamena sudhI. 311 rIte vArase maLI zake nahi e velenaTiniyananA samayamAM kAyado paNa karavo paDyo hato, ane AvA aMkuzanI jarUra hatI ema saMta jeroma zocapUrvaka kabula kare che. zeherIne pharajothI aLagA rahevAnI khAtara saMkhyAbaMdha mANase khristi thaI jatAM; leke ALasu banI gayA ane mAtra pramANika mahenata nahi karavAnI khAtara temanAM ToLeToLAM jaMgalamAM javA lAgyAM, maThamAM jaI sAdhu thavA sipAIo paNa lazkaramAMthI bhAgI jatA hatA. amIra varganI strIo uMcA prakAranuM jIvana jIvavAno DoLa karI pitAnA svAmIne cheDI halakA varganA pitAnA yAro sAthe rahevA lAgI. nyAsAnA saMta gregarInA samayamAM pelesTAInamAM paNa jAtrALuo ubharAvA lAgyA hatA ane adhama anAcAramAM pravRtta thatA hatA. jAtrALuonI apakIrti lAMbA samaya cAlu rahI hatI. ane jAtrAne bahAne bahAra nIkaLI strIo cha coka vezyAne dhaMdho karatI hatI. uMcI padavInA pAdarIo vilAsI ane vyAvahArika dRSTinA thaI gayA hatA, ane nIcenI padavInA pAdarIo ramatagamatanA atyaMta zokhIna thayA hatA. Ama Akho pAdarI varga saDI gayo hato. saMta jeremanI phariyAda e hatI ke ghaNuM dharmAdhyakSonA khANAmAM prAMtanA hAkemanA khANA karatAM vadhAre damAma raheta; amaladArI meLavavA dharmagurUo bahu khaTapaTa karatA, ane temAM pakSe baMdhAI eka bIjA vacce dArUNa harIphAI cAlatI. anya vargonA AcaraNanuM mukhya sAmAnya lakSaNa atyaMta bAlIzatA thaI paDayuM hatuM. vidhamI samayanA ghaNAkharA kALa karatAM nItine utsAha te vadhAre hato, paNa e badhe utsAha jaMgalamAM kheMcAI javAthI samAja upara tenI asara paDI ja thatI. rathanI zaratomAM sAmasAmA pakSanI vaDhavADamAM rAjakIya, buddhi viSayaka ane dhArmika matabheda paNa DhaMkAI jatA: ane evI vaDhaDathI zerIomAM mArAmArI thaI punaH punaH lehI reDAtuM hatuM ane rAjyanA moTA pheraphAre upara paNa enI asara vakhate thatI; ane evA kajIA, kaMkAsa ane tephAnamAM temane badhe vakhata ja hatuM,

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312 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. e sAdI hakIkta te jamAnAnI patita avasthA jaNAvavAne pUratI che. svadezAbhimAna ane zaurya lagabhaga naSTa thaI gayAM hatAM ane lokonA AgevAnI nIti ghaNI nIcI hatI. darabAra vilAsI thaI gayo hato, haju rIA amIra khuzAmatI ane hAjIhA kahenArA thaI gayA hatA, ane kapaDAM ane ghareNune zekha bahu vadhI gayo hato. atyaMta anAcAra ane sakhata tapa kRttinA jokhamakAraka vAra pherAthI loke paricita thavA lAgyA, ane kaI kaI vakhata enTiyoka jevAM atyaMta durAcArI ane vilAsI zahere sAdhuonI moTI saMkhyA pUrI pADatAM hatAM. durAcAra ane temane soga ke je manuSyanA sukhane je ke eTale badhe hAnikAraka nathI paNa amIra varganA lAbhamAM khAsa karIne ADe AvanAre hoya che te e vakhate astitvamAM AvyuM hatuM. lekamata e te bhraSTa thaI gayA hatA ke ghaNA kharA durAcArane zikSA te thatI nahi paNa temanI niMdA paNa thatI nahi, ane dhArmika kriyA karavAthI pApa naSTa thAya evA niHzaMka vehemathI kaha5nAne zAMti maLatI ane mane devatAnA DaMkha ane dhAstIo ochAM thaI jatAM. sIjhara rAjAonA samaya karatAM jUTha ane doha vadhyAM hatAM, paNa kuratA, zirajorI ane nilajatA ochAM thayA hatAM. sArvajanika kAmamAM utsAha, nItimAM niSpakSa svAdhInatA ane buddhiviSayaka svataMtratA paNa ochAM thayAM hatAM. tema chatAM, keTalIka bAbate khristi dharma sudhAro karyo hato. taravAnAM prANaghAtaka khele pazcimamAMthI lepa pAmyA, ane istaMbulamAM to dAkhala paNa thayA hatA. vinasanA maMdIramAM thate strIone anAcAra baMdha paDayo hato. durAcAranI nakaTatA kaMIka ochI thaI hatI. citronI bibhatsatA, amIro khANuM upara nirlajatAmAM AnaMda mAnatA hatA te, sRSTi virUddha maithunanI bhayaMkara badI, A badhAM have emane ema cAlavA devAmAM AvatAM nahi; ane temanI zarama lekene kaMIka have lAgatI hatI. vyabhicAra hajI ghaNo hato, paNa tenA asvAbhAvika ane amAnuSI prakAra kI cita ja banatA. khristi dharmamAM je ke vehema ane dharmadhatA hatA, paNa

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" kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 313 zuddha nItine te upadeza karatA ane prabaLa prayojanavaDe te nIti amalamAM mUkatAM tethI cotarapha enI asara thayA vinA rahetI nahi. dharmagurUo daDha mananA ane rAjyamAM vagavALA hatA. temaNe nItinI prabaLa vyavasthA bAMdhI; sArAM sArAM mANase A vyavasthA tarapha kheMcANAM, nabaLA mananA paNa sAlasa svabhAvanAM mANasonAM jIvana tethI nizcita thayAM, ane durAcAra upara tethI kAMIka aMkuza mUkAI. durAcArI mANasane dharma nItinA sauMdaryanuM bhAna kadi na paNa thatuM, paraMtu tenI dhamakIonI asara te tenA magajamAM bhamyA karatI. taMdurastI ane AbAdImAM jo tenI asarathI e mukta raheto te maMdavADa ane bhayanA samaye tenI sattA pAchI sthapAtI, athavA to koI moTo gune karavAnI taiyArImAM e hoya tyAre tenI najara sanmukha AvIne e ubhI rahetI. jo A saghaLI dhAstIone e pata kare nahi. te chevaTe je lekamata eNe ubho karyo hato te ene naDato ane ene vaza karato. keTalAka vidharmI zahenazAha nilaja banIne niraMkuzapaNe koI paNa jAtanI dhAstI ane pazcAtApa vinAnA thaIne durAcAramAM pravRtta thatA hatA te vAta have zakya rahI nahotI. dharmasana uparathI prabaLa bodha apAte hato ane ghaNA prakAranI sakhAvate thatI hatI. - tavRttinA prathama mahAna ubharAnAM je naitika pariNAma adyApi paryata ApaNe batAvyA che te kevaLa kharAba ja jaNAya che. tapovRttio naitika saMpUrNatAnuM kevaLa bhrAMtijanaka daSTibiMdu upajAvyuM hatuM; uparAMta je naitika utsAha samAjanuM rUpAMtara karI nAkhe che tene vyAvahArika caMcaLa pravRttimAMthI cheka eNe vALI lIdho e vAta atyaMta aniSTakAraka hatI, ane yuropanI naitika avasthAmAM keTalAka saikAo paryata khristi saMsthA vadhAre moTo sudhAro karI zakI nahi tenuM mukhya kAraNa e ja che emAM DI ja zaMkA che. paraMtu jo ke tapattithI ghaNuM aniSTa pariNAma AvyAM che, chatAM temAMthI paNa kAMIka sArAM pariNAma prApta thayAM che; tethI tenI cheka avagaNanA karyA pahelAM kAMIka vicAra kare ghaTita che.

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314 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, zuddha suvarNa jevI naitika zreSThatAne mATe kharekhara Atmabhoga ane Atma-tyAga Avazyaka che. mAMDavALa, madhyamatA, kAMIka huM mUkuM ane kAMIka tuM mUka e AmanesAmana svArthatyAga, namratA, vinaya, ane sudharalI Tevo ke je vilAsajanaka ane janahitakArI sudhArAone baMdhabesatI Ave che te ghaNu gaNa guNone vikAsa karavAmAM bahu anukULa Ave che. paraMtu manuSyanA svabhAvamAM tethI paNa uccatara ane vadhAre unnata AkAMkSAo rahelI hoya che ane temanI tRptine mATe judI ja jAtane pradeza joie chIe. vaLI mANasone ati uttama udezothI te paricita kare che ane manuSya jAta upara ghaNI ja mehaka asara te upajAve che. sanyAsI sAdhuonuM daSTibiMdu avaLuM ane apUNa hatuM, adhyAtmika svArthanA aMzathI te bhraSTa hatuM. tathApi temAM aDaga AsthA rAkhIne hajAro jaNAe je vastuone mANaso vahAlAmAM vahAlI gaNe che temane rAjIkhuzIthI tajI dIdhI che, bega vaibhavane tarachoDI nAkhyA che ane kevaLa Atma-tyAgane ja pitAnA jIvananuM kAvya gayuM che. AvA dAkhalAonI asara duniyA upara thayA vinA kema rahe ? je vakhate vadhatI jatI dolatanI khristi saMsthAne gaMbhIra prakArane cepa lAgyuM hatuM te vakhate teo ezaArAma karatAM mahenata ane kIrti karatAM apakIrtine vadhAre cAhavAno, ane levA karatAM devAmAM vadhAre AnaMda mAnavA, upadeza karatA hatA. je vakhate dharma-saMsthAmAM uMcI amaladArI meLavavA kaMI kaMda kAvAdAvA thatA hatA, tyAre te amaladArI teo khAsa karIne letA nahi ane pitAnI vicitra paNa sakhata bhASAmAM upadeza ApatA ke sAdhue khAsa karIne be vargothI dUra rahevAnuM che- dharmAdhyakSa ane strIo, temanI vicitra AkRti ane bhayaMkara deha-damana vigere vilakSaNatAne lIdhe ja temanA tarapha aNaghaDa hRdayo prathama AkaSotAM hatAM, ane pachI dayA ane Atma-tyAga je temanA jIvananA uMcA prakAranA saguNa hatA temanA upara e AkarSaNa dhImedhIme coMTatuM hatuM. saMta mimiyana sTAilAiTasane joIne hajAro jaMgalIo khristi thaI gayA hatA. sAdhunuM svarUpa paNa lokonI kalpanAe turata suMdara bAMdhI lIdhuM. tenI jIMdagInAM

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kansTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 315 ane AkRtinAM arUcikara lakSaNe vismata thavA lAgyAM. lAMbI sapheda dADhIvALe ane mAyALu dekhAvavALo, khajUrInA jhADa nIce beThe beThe sAdaDIo vaNate, jene chaLavAne pizAce tareha tarehanI vyartha yuktio karatA hatA e, jenI hAjarImAM jaMgalI kUra prANIo garIba banI jatAM hatAM e, ane jenA zabda mAtrathI dareka roga ane dareka zoka nAza pAmatAM hatAM, evo te mANasa hato evI gaNanA tenA viSe leke karavA lAgyA. AvA svarUpathI mehita thaelI khristi duniyAnI kalpanAe tenA saMbaMdhamAM aneka kathAo upajAvI; ane te kathAo bAlizatAvALI chatAM jana-svabhAvanA suMdara lakSaNothI bharapUra hatI, ane ghaNIvAra temAMthI uttama pratine naitika bedha maLato hata; ane tethI manuSyanA AcaraNanuM svarUpa bahu sArI rIte baMdhAtuM hatuM. evI kathA che ke saMta enTanIne eka rIte vicAra Avyo ke jaMgalamAM sauthI uttama mANasa te pote hate. tevAmAM ene preraNA thaI ke tenA karatAM paNa vadhAre pavitra sAdhu te jaMgalamAM raheto hato. A ajANyA saMtane maLavA savAranA pahoramAM jaMgalamAM e nIkaLI paDyo. cAlatAM cAlatAM eka ardha-ghaDe ane ardha-mANasa evA prANIne te maLyo ane pachI tene eka nAno mANasa maLe, jene zIMgaDAM hatAM ane bakarAnA paga hatA. A mANase ene kahyuM ke te jaMgalI prANIone adhiSThAtA vana-deva hatA. A bannee saMtane rasto batAvyo ane tethI pite AvavAnI jagAe pahoMcyo. saMta pola ke jenI maDhInA bAraNe AvIne te ubho rahyo hate te ekase ane tera varSanI umarano hate; ane lAMbA vakhatathI kevaLa ekAMtamAM ja raheto hovAthI prathama te saMta enTanIne mane thavAnI eNe nA pADI, paNa chevaTe maLavAnuM kabula karyuM ane banne bheTayA, ane pachI je duniyA saMta enTanI choDIne Avyo hato te bAbata jIjJAsApUrvaka jhINA jhINA prazna te ene pUchavA lAgyo. "zeheremAM navAM makAne bahu baMdhAtAM hatAM ke kema? kayA rAjyanI sattA cAlatI hatI ? mUrtipUjake have rahyA hatA ke kema ?" AvI vAto bane jANa karatA hatA, daramyAna eka kAgaDo eka Akho Tale tyAM laI AvyuM. saMta pAleke

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316 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. kahyuM ke chellAM sATha varSathI tene e pramANe aradhe roTalo maLase hato; paNa Aje Akho Avyo tethI saMta enTanIne maLavAmAM eNe vAjabI karyuM che ema e uparathI sAbIta thAya che. bannee Izvarano upakAra mAnya ane nirmaLa jharAnI pAse banne jamavA beThA. paNa prathama zarUAta koNe karavI e bAbata have muzkelI ubhI thaI saMta enTanI mahemAna hovAthI eNe zarUAta karavI joIe ema saMta pale kahyuM. paNa saMta enTanIne nevuM varSa thayAM hatAM, tethI saMta pala vayovRddha hovAthI zarUAta eNe karavI joIe ema saMta enTanIe kahyuM. ane vinayanA khetI ane jaNa evA to hatA ke A agatyanA praznano teDa kADhatAM sAMja paDI ane chevaTe ema TharyuM ke banne jaNAe te reTala sAthe pakaDI sAmasAme kheMco eTale enI meLe tenA kaTakA thaI jaze. lAMbI vAtane TUMkI karI nAMkhatAM, pachI jyAre saMta pala paMcatva pAme tyAre tene sobatI saMta enTanI vRddha hovAthI tene dATavAnI mahenata e karI zako nahi. eTale jaMgalamAMthI be siMha AvyA, temaNe pitAnA paMjAthI kabara bedI dIdhI, temAM zabane padharAvI dIdhuM; zecanI bumo pADavA mAMDI, ane ghUMTaNIe paDIne saMta enTanIne AzirvAda yAcavA lAgyA. A kathA saMta jerAma pite varNave che ane akSaraza: sAcI che ema te kahe che, keTalIka vicitra vAto paNa kahevAmAM AvatI hatI. pizAco jemAM rahetA hatA evA jAduI bagIcA jovAnI jIjJAsA eka vakhata saMta mekeriyasane thaI. pizAe tenAthI DarI jaI tene bagIcA jevA dIdhA. itihAsakAra peleDiyasa kahe che ke A vAta saMta mekeriyasanA pitAne moMethI eNe sAMbhaLI hatI. bIjI keTalIka kathAomAM temane utkaTa vinaya bhAga tarI Ave che, ane keTalIka kathAomAM te samaye je vaheme atyaMta pracalita hatA temane spaSTa niSedha kareluM jovAmAM Ave che. saMta mekeriyasa mAMdo paDe tyAre drAkSane eka lumakho tene keIe Ape. udAra bhAvathI prerAI eNe bIjA sanyAsIne te Apo; bIjAe trIjAne ane trIjAe cethAne Ape. ema pharatAM pharatAM te

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kensTanaTAInathI zAmena sudhI. 317 lumakhAe AkhA jaMgalamAM musApharI karI ane pAchA saMta mekariyasanA hAthamAM AvIne ubho rahyo. eja saMta pite te gaMdhAtuM pANI pIte; paNa bIjA saMtane maLavA jato tyAre je te dArUnuM pyAluM AgaLa dhare to vinayanI khAtara e pIvAnI te kadi nA kahete nahi, paraMtu pachI tenuM prAyazcita karatA ane dArUnA jeTalA pyAlA pIdhA hoya teTalA divasa pANI bilakUla pIte nahi. tenA eka ziSyane eka vakhata hAthamAM meTI lAkaDI laIne utAvaLathI jaMgalamAM de ja eka mUrtipUjaka pUjArI maLe tene moTe avAje eNe kahyuM "setAna, kayAM jAya che ?" svAbhAvika rIte ja te pUjArIne gusso caDayo ane ziSyane khUba The. ane pachI pitAne raste paDatA hatA tyAM saMta mekeriyasa ene maLyo. saMte evA to vinaya ane komaLatAthI enI sAthe vAta karI ke vidharmInuM hRdaya pIgaLI gayuM ane te khristi thayo. ane mAyALapaNAnuM prathama kArya eNe e karyuM; te jene pote mAryo hato tenI pite sAravAra karavA lAgyo. saMta eviTasa saMta mArasiyananI mulAkAte gaye tyAre saMta mArasiyane tenI AgaLa khAvAnuM mUkyuM. saMta eviTase kahyuM ke divasa AthamyA pachIja jamavAne tene rivAja hato. tyAre pitAnuM jamavAnuM moDuM ThelI zakatA nathI tene mATe saMta mArasiyane dilagIrI jaNAvI ane eka vAra pitAne rivAja teDavAnI mIjamAnane vinati karI, paNa mIjamAne nA kahI. eTale saMta mArasiyana belyo. "aphasosa" tame ahIM saMta ane DAhyA mANasane maLavA AvyA, paNa have tamArI najare eka peTa bharoja paDe che e joI mAruM hadaya zokathI bharAI jAya che." AvuM sAMbhaLIne saMta eviTasane paNa ghaNuM lAgI AvyuM ane jamavA besI gayo. pachI saMta mArasiyane kahyuM: "mAre rivAja paNa tamArA jevo ja che. paNa ApaNe jANIe chIe ke apavAsa karatAM udAra buddhi vadhAre sArI che; kAraNa ke udAra buddhi rAkhavAnuM IzvaranA kAyadAmAM kahyuM che, paNa apavAsa kare e ApaNuM zakti ane IcachAnI ja vAta che." saMta epipheniyase saMta hileriyasane pitAnI maDhIe neta; ane tenI AgaLa mAMsane khorAka mUkyo. saMta hileriyase

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318 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa kahyuM: "mahArAja, mane kSamA karo; sAdhu thayA pachI meM mAMsa kadi khAdhuM nathI." saMta epipheniyase kahyuM. "ane jyArathI huM sAdhu thayo chuM tyArathI Akho divasa gussAmAM meM kadi kADhayo nathI." saMta hileriyase pratyuttara vAH "tamAre niyama mArA karatAM vadhAre uttama che." eka dhanavAna strI eka sAdhunI AgatAsvAgatA karatI hatI, tevAmAM tenuM bALaka kUvAmAM paDI gayuM; paNa te bALakane kAMI ijA thaI nahi ane pANInI sapATI upara paDI rahyuM. pAchaLathI te bALaka enI mAne kahevA lAgyuM ke saMtanA hAthathI te jhIlAI rahyuM hatuM. je samaye paraNetara jIdagInI pavitratA bila . kula svIkAravAmAM AvatI hatI te arasAmAM IjIptanA saMta mekeriyasane preraNuM thaI ke pADozanA zaheramAM be paraNelI strIo tenA karatAM paNa vadhAre pavitra hatI. turata ja saMta temanI mulAkAte gayo ane temanI raheNuM karaNa viSe temane pUchavA lAge. strIoe kahyuM ke teo pavitra nahotI ane vAta banI paNa zake nahi, kAraNa ke roja temanA dhaNIonI sAthe ja teo rahetI hatI. saMtanA AgrahathI chevaTe pitAnuM vRttAMta temaNe A pramANe ApyuM. "ame be jaNIo sagI nathI, paNa be bhAIone ame paraNelI chIe. ame paMdara varSathI sAthe rahIe chIe; paNa amArA moDhA. mAMthI eka paNa apazabda ke, krodhane avAja nIkaLyo nathI, amAre kuMvArA rahevAnI ane sAdhvI thavAnI ghaNI IcchA hatI ane amArA dhaNIone ame ghaNI vinavaNI karI, paNa amane sAdhvI thavAnI paravAnagI emaNe ApI nahi. ane pachI Izvarane samakSa rAkhI ame vacana ApyAM ke kaI paNa sAMsArika apazabdathI amArAM mukha ane bhraSTa karazuM nahi." saMta bolI uThazeH "have mane satya samajANuM. mANase paraNelAM hoya ke kuMvArAM hoya, maDamAM hoya ke saMsAramAM hoya, paNa te kazAnI Izvarane dara kAra nathI. Izvara te mAtra hRdayanA bhAvane ja bhUkhyo che; ane game te sthitimAM hoya, paNa enI sevA karavAnI je IcchA rAkhe che tene izvara prApta thAya che." AvI daMtakathAo lAMbA vakhata sudhI lekene nItimAM AdarzarUpa

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 319 hatI ane temAM khristi saMsAranI nIti bhAvanAnuM pratibiMba paDatuM hatuM, tethI A daMtakathAo atra ApelI che. vaLI keTalIka kathAomAM saMte ane prANIonI sRSTi vacce ke sabaMdha hato te varNavavAmAM Avyo che; ane prANIo pratye dayA ane mAyALupaNuM keLavavAno prayAsa te kathAomAM hevAthI nItinA ItihAsamAM temanI neMdha levI khAsa ghaTe che. prAcIna vidharmI kALamAM dayAnA A prakArane nItinA kramamAM gaNavAnA ghaNA IlAja levAyA hatA. te samayamAM prANI vijJAnazAstranI kevaLa ajJAnatAne lIdhe leke mAnatA ke prANIomAM paNa buddhi ane nItinI ucca bhAvanAo hoya che, ane tethI manuSyo ane prANIomAM bahu thoDo phera che. A bAbatamAM aneka vArtAo kahevAmAM AvatI hatI, ane tethI prANIo pratye dayA rAkhavAnA siddhAMtane raste bahu mekaLo thayo hato. dAkhalA tarIke teo mAnatA ke hAthIomAM buddhi ane zubhecchA hovA uparAMta dharmabhAvanA paNa hoya che. sUrya ane caMdranI teo pUjA karatA, ane moTeniyAnA jaMgalamAM dhArmika kriyAo karavA suda bIjane divase nadIne kinAre teo bhegA thatA. grAha (jaLa hAthI ) nAmanA prANInA zarIramAM lehI vadhI jatuM tyAre koI kAMTA vaDe pitAnI nasa khelI vadhArAnuM lehI te kADhI nAkhatuM ne cIkaNI mATIthI pAchI te nasa baMdha karI detuM. Ama nasa khelavAthI zuM phAyado thAya che te e batAvI ApatuM. lakkaDakhodAM pakSIo pitAnAM baccAMnuM peSaNa karavA AtmaghAta karatAM; ane potAnA rAjAnA kAyadAno bhaMga karatI tyAre madhamAkhIo paNa tema karatI. eka garUDapakSIne prema eka yuvAna chokarI para hato ane e chokarI marI gaI tyAre e pakSI nirAzAthI agnimAM paDI baLI gayuM; ane tenI yAdagIrImAM esaTosamAM eka maMdIra bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. pitAnA dhaNInI pAchaLa aneka nimakahalAla kUtarAMo marI gayAnI vAta kahevAmAM AvatI, ane evuM kahevAtuM ke e eka kutaro te nAmane tAre thaI AkAzamAM phare che. ghaNuM tattvavetAe paNa kahetA hatA ke mANasanA jevo ja prANIemAM paNa buddhimAna chava hoya che. muA pachI manuSyone AtmA prANa

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320 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. emAM avatare che ema pithAgoriyane mAnatA hatA. sToIka vigere matavALA kahetA hatA ke manuSya ane prANIonA AtmA jagatamAM sarvatra prasarI rahelA eka ja divya cetananA aMza che. vaLI prAthamika samayathI ja prANIonuM rakSaNa kAyadAthI kAMIka thatuM hatuM. khetIvADInA sAdhanamAM baLada mukhya che, tethI ghaNuM dezamAM e prANI khAsa pavitra gaNAtuM hatuM. misaramAM e prANI kevuM pavitra gaNAtuM hatuM te jANItI vAta che. remanA eka prAcIna samayamAM paNa kalAgaNI evA ja prakAranI hatI, ane baLadane vadha moTAmAM moTo guno gaNuta hato. grIsamAM paNa evI ja jAtane kAyado astitvamAM hato. jyAre bAja eka pakSInI pachavADe paDayuM tyAre te pakSI jhIne kreTisanI chAtImAM bharAI gayuM tyAre pitAne Azraya lIdhelA pakSIne AzvAsana ApI pachI tene eNe choDI mUkyuM, ane potAnA ziSyone eNe kahyuM ke je pitAne Azraya mAge tene sArA mANase te AzcayanI kadi nA pADavI na joIe; ane leke mAnatA ke evo vicAra devone priya hato, ane maMdIranA daravAjAmAM pakSIo mALA bAMdhe te harakata karavAmAM adharmanuM kAma gaNAtuM hatuM. tethI gharamAM ke maMdIramAM cakalI mALo bAMdhatI to tene harakata kaI karatuM nahi. eka chokarAe pakSIo pratye jarA vadhAre krUratA vAparI; tethI khIjavAI lekee tene mArI nAkhyo hate. prajAonuM sAmAnya valaNa, jema jema te prajAe aNaghaDa ane laDAthaka avasthAmAMthI sudhArAnI ane zAMtinI avasthAmAM AvatI jAya che tema tema, vadhAre vadhAre mAyALu ane dayALu thavAnuM hoya che e niHsaMzaya che; paraMtu aneka khAsa saMjogone lIdhe, bIjAM saghaLAM sAmAnya valaNonI peThe A valaNa kadAca dabAI paNa jAya che athavA pUrepUruM bahAra AvI khIlI zakatuM nathI. baLado para je kAyadAnI ApaNe upara vAta karI che te, unnatinI cheka prAthamika avasthAne che e vAta spaSTa che, kAraNa ke te samaye laDAyaka ane bhaTakatI prajAmAM khetIvADInI Teva keLavavAno prayAsa dhArA zAstrIo karatA hoya che. paraMtu baLadane sArI nakhAya nahi evA vicAramAMthI

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kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 321 upasthita thatI dayAnI kamaLa lAgaNa, remanA prajA taMtranA astanI pUrva cheDA vakhata agAu gamata ramatanA akhADAmAM prANIone vadha thavA mAM tene lIdhe meMTe bhAge dabAI gaI, ane dayAnA svAbhAvika vikAsane pravAha AgaLa jatAM aTakI paDe athavA maMda paDI gayo. theselImAM thatI AkhalAnI sAThamArIo uparAMta, maraghAM ane kukaDAnI laDAImAM asalI grIka leko gamata mAnatA hatA; ane te laDAIo sipAIone zauryanAM daSTAMta pUrAM pADe che ema kahIne dhArAzAstrIo temane bahu uttejana ApatA hatA. kevA jabarA pAyA upara remanI ramata thatI hatI, kevA saMjogonI temane anukULatA maLI hatI, ane leke temAM ke rasa levA lAgyA hatA, e badhI hakIkata AgaLa ApaNe kahI che. tathApi romanA sAmrAjya samayamAM manuSyo pratye dayAne dhoraNa bahu uMcuM thayuM hatuM te paNa ApaNe jANIe chIe. vaLI e vAta paNa lakSamAM levA jevI che ke je ke jaMgalI janAvarenI laDAI jevAne zekha lekamAM ghaNe prabaLa hatuM, to paNa samayanA sAhityamAM prANIo pratye paNa kamaLa lAgaNInA aneka suMdara IsArA ApaNI najare paDe che. varachalanI kavitAnuM e mukhya lakSaNa che. pitAnA vAcharaDAnuM baLIdAna ApatAM gAyanI lAgaNIonuM hRdayadrAvaka citra lujhiziyase ApyuM che. pitAnI sevAmAM gharaDA thaI gaelA. baLadane vecI devAnI khuTA nA pADI hatI. oviDe paNa eja vicAra pradarzita karyo che. eka cakalInA mRtyuthI eka romIya strInI AMkhamAM AMsu bharAI AvyAnuM daSTAMta juvenala Ape che. prANIo upara dayAnI khAtara epaleniyase zikAramAM bhegA javAnI paNa rAjAne nA pADI hatI. ramata gamatanA akhADAmAM je vakhate hajAre prANIonI katala thatI hatI te vakhate kaI kaI paNa AvA uddagAra kADhe e thaDA saMtoSanI vAta nathI. paraMtu A pragati mAtra vicAra kivA bhAvanAmAM ja hatI ema nahatuM tene spaSTa ane cekhe upadeza paNa thato hate. nItinI A zAkhAnA sthApaka piyAgo rAsa ane empIDekalIsa gaNutA hatA. prathama to, manuSyanA AtmAne dehAMtara praveza thato hovAthI prANIo pratye mANasoe

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322 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. mAyALupaNe vartavuM joIe; ane mAnuSI kartavyanA kSetramAM prANIone paNa samAveza che e siddhAMta Ama upasthita thatAM, te siddhAMtane upakAraka bIjI dalIle paNa apAtI. ramanA mahArAjyanA pAchalA samayamAM pithA geriyana matanuM jera jyAre vadhI paDayuM, tyAre AvA vicArothI leke bahu paricita thayA hatA. riphAIrIe mAMsAhAra viruddha sabaLa lekha lakhyA hatA ane senikAe thaDe samaya tene tyAga paNa karyo hato. paraMtu lUTArkane upadeza A bAbatamAM atyaMta spaSTa hatA. dehAMtara pravezatA avivekI siddhAMtane choDI daIne athavA e siddhAMta sAcA hoya ane Toya heya evI zakI temAM lAvIne, lAgaNIonA vizALa pAyA upara prANIo pratye mAyALupaNAnuM kartavya e mUke che. e spaSTa kahetA ke akhADAmAM thatA prANIone vadha kevaLa gunAhita che; evA tamAzAnI asarathI cAritrayamAM parUSatA Ave che; khAvAnA rasane lIdhe prANIone mAravAmAM eka prakAranI karatA ja che; ane mANasa pratye dayA rAkhavAnI jema mANasanI pharaja che tema prANIo pratye paNa dayA rAkhavAnI tenI pharaja ja che. have khristi saMsthA tarapha ApaNe vaLIe te ApaNane mAlama paDaze ke prathama te A bAbatamAM lagabhaga koI paNa pragati thaelI jovAmAM AvatI nathI. menIphIsanA matamAM, mAMsAhArane kevaLa vajarya gaNavAmAM pitya vicAronuM mizraNa jaNAI Ave che, ane Astika pristio paNa te AhAra karatA nahi, paNa tenAM jUdAMja kAraNe teo ApatA hatA. eka be khristi vRddhoe pithAgoriyananA dayALu upadeza pratye pasaMdagI batAvI che. paraMtu dehAMtara pravezanA siddhAMtane ketholika gurUo tadana vaye gaNutA hatA temanA pApa-muktinA siddhAMtane lIdhe manuSyajAta bIjI badhI sRSTithI kevaLa nirALI paDI jatI hatI ane kartavyanA je pradezane prAthamika khristi vRddho upadeza ApatA hatA temAM prANIo pratye dayAne sthAna bilakula apAtuM nahi. manuSya pratye prema rAkho e vAtane teo jIvananuM laya gaNatA, ane pitAnA sarajanahAra pratye manuSyanuM kartavya zuM che te praznane ja teo vicAra karatA, ane prANIo pratye kartavyanA vicArane

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kensTanaTAinathI zArlamena sudhI. 323 nirarthaka gaNuM kAMIka upahAsapUrvaka evA vicArone eka kAre teo mUkI detA hatA. je mANaso vyAvahArika jIvanamAM ghaNA pravRtta rahe che temanAmAM prANIonI lAgaNIo pratye sughaDa ane sUkSmadarzI samacitatA kavacita ja jevAmAM Ave che; ane rogISTa ane niraMtara aphasa karatA jekasanA mukhamAM ghAyala thaelA haraNanA duHkhane citAra zekasapIcara mUke che te paNa artha rahita ke kAraNa rahita nathI. paraMtu je ke "prANIonA haka " ne khristi nItimAM sthAna nahotuM maLyuM, tathApi saMtajIvananA keTalAka prasaMgethI A bAbatamAM kAMIka ADakatarI rIte uttejana maLatuM hatuM pUrvanA ujaDa jaMgalamAM athavA yurepanAM vizALa vanamAM rahetA saMto prANIonA nikaTa samAgamamAM Ave e svAbhAvika che; ane saMtanuM jIvana AlekhavAmAM lekenI kalpanA te saMbaMdhI AkarSaka ane hadayadrAvaka ghaNI kathAo kahe te paNa vAstavika che. evuM kahevA tuM ke saMtanA sAdathI uDatAM pakSIo nIce AvatAM; siMhAdi vikrALa prANIo tenA paga AgaLa besI tene adhIna vartatA; ane A prANIo ke je temanA ekAMtavAsanA sebatIo ane temanA camatkAranA vidheya hatAM temanAmAM temanI pavitratAne kAMIka aMza paNa utarI Avo. saMta thiyona jyAre bahAra jatA tyAre jaMgalI prANIo tene vaLAvuM karatAM hatAM ane saMta pitAnA kuvAmAMthI temane pANI pAIne temanI nekarInI kadara karato hate. misaranA eka saMte jaMgalamAM suMdara bagIce banAvyo hato ane tyAM eka khajurInA jhADa taLe besI siMhane pitAne hAthe e phaLa khavarAvate hato. jyAre saMta pItrana ziyALAnI ThaMDI rAte TADhathI tharatharato hato tyAre eka siMhe tenI pAse bharAI tenuM AcchAdana karyuM hatuM. saMta pala ane misaranI saMta merInA zabane siMhe dATayAM hatAM. saMta jeroma ityAdi ghaNA saMtanI kathAomAM siMhanI vAta Ave che. eka vRddha ane nirbaLa sAdhu musApharI karatA hatA ane eka gadheDe tene je ucakI jato hato tevAmAM eka siMhe AvI te gadheDAne mArI khAdho; paNa saMtanA hukamathI te siMha ja saMtane boje zaheranA daravAjA sudhI ucakI lAvyA. ToLAmAMthI

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324 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, eka jaMgalI gadheDAne bolAvI saMta helenase jaMgalamAM pitAne boje tenI pAse ucakAvyo hato, eja saMta ane saMta pekeniyasa magaranI pITha upara besI nAIla nadI oLaMgyA hatA. saMtonI musApharImAM sAbare ghaNIvAra sAthe jatA, temane bojo ucakatA, temanAM khetara kheDI ApatAM, ane temanAM smAraka-cine jAheramAM ANatAM. zikAranA trAsathI trasta thaI haraNe saMtanA AzramamAM bharAI jatAM ane tyAM temanuM rakSaNa thatuM. eka vidhama zikArI haraNanI pachavADe deDatAM doDatAM eka sAdhunI guphAmAM gaye, ane sAdhue tene khristi dharmane upadeza ApI khristi karyo. Izu khrista 5Na vakhate haraNanuM rUpa laI zikArIone khristi banAvate evI paNa keTalIka kathAo kahevAmAM AvatI. zikAranA trAsa ane gabharATamAM paNa sAbare ane zikArI kUtarA saMtanA mAraka cihane AgaLa AvatAM ubhAM rahIne namatAM. jaMgalI sAbara ane kAgaDAe saMtanI kabara AgaLa amuka divase meLo karatAM. saMta eresamasa baLane khAsa rakSaka gaNAtA ane tenA pavitra sthAnaka AgaLa baLada pitAnI rAjIkhuzIthI ghUMTaNIe paDatA. saMta enTanI kukarane pAlaka hatA ane tenI chabIomAM karone paNa dAkhala karavAmAM AvatAM. saMta brijeTa bhuMDa pALatI ane tenI sattAne AdhIna rahevA jaMgalamAMthI eka rAnI bhuMDa paNa AvyuM hatuM. eka gheDAe AgaLathI vilApa karIne saMta kAlabAnA mRtyunI AgAhI karI hatI. saMta keTalamenanA sobatIo traNa hatA; kukaDe, uMdara ane mAkhI. kukaDe prAdhanAnA samayanI khabara Apate; ane saMta uDavAnI vAra lagADate te uMdara tene kAna karaDI jAgrata kare; ane vAMcatA vAMcatAM vakhate saMtanA vicAra je bhamavA lAgatA te je lITIthI vAMcavAnuM rahI gayuM hoya tyAM mAkhI AvIne besI rahetI. prANIomAM naitika guNa paNa rahetA hatA evuM khAna paNa keTalIka kathAo karatI, ane manuSyanA saghaLA saMsargathI pratibaddha thaeluM saMtanuM hRdaya prANIonuM duHkha joI bahu Adra banatuM. eka saMta hamezAM varUnI sAthe vALu karo. eka vakhate varU veheluM AvyuM ane Tale corI gayuM. paNa pachI ene eTale pastAvo thayo ke ATha divasa sudhI

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kansTanaTAinathI zArlamena sudhI. 325 eNe pAchuM meha batAvyuM nahi; ane batAvyuM tyAre zaramanuM mAryuM nIcuM joI rahyuM. te tene mAthe komaLatAthI hAtha pheravI tene sAMtvana karyuM ane gunAnI mAphI ApI; ane te mAphI ApI che e batAvavA ene bamaNo bhAga Ape. eka bIjA saMtanI AgaLa eka siMhaNa AvI tene page paDI ane revA lAgIane pachI potAnA baccA kane ene laI gaI. e baccuM AMdhaLuM hatuM paNa saMtanI prArthanAthI dekhatuM thayuM. vaLate divase te siMhaNa upakAranI nizAnI dAkhala jaMgalI janAvaranuM eka cAmaDuM saMtane A pI gaI. alekjhAMjhiyAnA saMta mekeriyasane paNa evuM banyuM hatuM. hInA nAmanuM prANa pitAnA AMdhaLA baccAne laI eka vakhata tene bAraNe AvyuM, ane saMte tene dekhatuM karyuM. A upakAranA badalAmAM te prANIo saMtane una ApyuM. saMte kahyuM. "are kara prANI ! A una tuM kyAMthI lAvyuM ? khacIta, kaI gheTAne corI mArI khAdhuM haze." prANI zaramAI gayuM ane nIcuM joI rahyuM, paNa te una saMtane ApavAno Agraha karavA lAgyuM. paraMtu pharIne keAIne nahi lUTavAnA eNe sogana lIdhA tyAre ja saMte tenI bheTa svIkArI. pitAnA mAthAnA namanathI e sogana lIdhA ema eNe batAvyuM hatuM. saMta mekeriyase e una pachI saMta meleniyAne ApI dIdhuM hatuM. vaLI keTalIka kathAomAM, pakSIo ane saMto vacce kevo mAyALu vyavahAra cAlato hato te kahyuM hatuM. saMta kathabarTanA sAdathI pakSIo AvatAM, ane tenI prArthanAthI mueluM pakSI jIvatuM thatuM. koI saMtane duHkha paDatuM te. pakSIo zeka karatAM. saMtonA jIvanacaritomAM AvI seMkaDe kathAo che. AvI vAto. kadAca ApaNane atyaMta bAlizatAvALI lAgaze, paNa ghaNuM saikAo paryata leke e vAte mAnatA hatA, ane tethI temanAM hRdaya upara asara thatI hatI; ane vaLI te samayanA lekenA aMtaranI lAgaNIo kevI hatI te paNa tethI jaNAya che. prANIo pratye amuka prakAranI anukaMpA upajAvavAnuM temAM valaNa hatuM, ane eTaluM ja te dizAmAM kethalika dharma karyuM che, prANIo pratye saMtoe svabhAvanI kudaratI kamaLatA batAvI hoya evA

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326 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. vizvAsapAtra dAkhalA ghaNA cheDA batAvI zakAya ema che. chokarAMo pakSIene page dere bAMdhI temane kanaDatAM hatAM te joI venisane saMta jemsa paisA ApI temane choDAvatA hatA. Ama temanA mAyALupaNunAM dRSTAMta paNa kavacita maLI Ave che. paraMtu prANIo pratye dayA rAkhavAnI bAbata ekaMdara khristi dharmo bahu ocho prayAsa karyo che. muktinI yojanAmAMthI prANI sRSTine dharmagurUoe kevaLa bahiSkRta karelI hovAthI prANIo pratye temanuM kAMIpaNa kartavya che evI buddhi khristione rahI nahi. paraMtu jANavA jevI vAta te e che ke jyAre prANIo pratye mAyALupaNe koI vyakti vartatI athavA daMtakathAmAM tenAM dRSTAMta apAtAM tyAre jema bane tema dharmanI sAthe e vAte joDI devAno prayatna thato hate arthAta dharmanI sahAya vinA keIpaNa bAbatamAM kAMI paNa thaI zake ema A khristi samayamAM nahotuM. upalI kathAomAM saMtanA sebatIo tarIke prANIonI prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI che. saMtanAM mAraka cihane jAheramAM lAvavAnuM kAma sAbarane khAsa karIne peluM hovAthI ane te prANI sarvane kaTTo verI gaNAtuM hovAthI, tene mAna ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. gadheDA upara besIne izukhrista misaramAM nAsI gayo hato ane jerUselamamAM praveza karyo hato tethI gadheDAne pavitra gaNI tenA mAnamAM utsava thatuM. bakarAMnAM baccAM Izu khristanAM cihane gaNI saMta phrAnsisa temanA pratye bahu komaLa rahe. sasalAnA zikAramAM lyutharane pizAca AtmAne zikAra kare che ema samajAtuM; tethI te zikAra joI e khinna ane udAsa banata. AvI rIte keTalAMka pazuo ane pakSIo dharmanA itihAsamAM saMbaddha thavAthI temane koI pIDA karatuM nahi. paNa AvI asara jhAjhA vistAramAM kadi phelAI nathI. nItivettAoe ahIM be taddana bhinna uddezana vicAra karavAnuM che. kAti manuSyonA cAritryane vicAra teo kare ane kAMto prANIone thatA duHkhane vicAra teo kare. ramata gamatamAM ke dhaMdhAne aMge prANIone thatA duHkhanI tIvratAnA pramANamAM manuSyanuM hRdaya karkaza, kadina ke dUra thAya che; e vAtane koI niyama nathI. ramatamAM vAgavAthI ghAela

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI.. 327 thaelA pakSInAM taraphaDIAM ke bIkaNa sasalAne nAsabhAgamAM thatuM duHkha je ApaNI kalpanAmAM barAbara utare te sAThamArImAM sAMDhane thatA duHkhathI ochuM ApaNane kadAca e nahi lAge. paraMtu zikAranA utsAhathI ApaNI kalpanAmAM vakrIbhavana thAya che, ane sasalAnA nAnA kadane lIdhe ane tenA duHkhanuM spaSTa uddabodhana ApaNe thatuM nahi hovAne lIdhe ApaNuM cAritrya upara tenI mAThI asara thatI nathI. paraMtu prANInuM duHkha jo ApaNA hRdayamAM ArapAra utarI jatuM hoya ane AnaMdanA tava tarIke tene spaSTa svIkAra thatA hoya to tyAM cAritraya upara tenI mAThI asara thAya che. jaMgalI prANIonI kustInI prAcIna ramato have khristi dezomAMthI lagabhaga adazya thaI gaI che, ane manuSyanA hRdayane komaLa banAve evI khristi dharmanA upadezamAM rahelI zakti, e ramatane nAbuda karAvavAmAM ADakatarI rIte kAMIka sAdhanabhUta kadAca thaI paNa haze, paraMtu niSpakSa mANasa te kabula karaze ke evI asara bahu DI thaI che. je samaye ane je dezamAM khristi dharmanI prabaLa sattA hatI, te samaye ane te dezamAM evI ramato virUddha pikAra uThayo nahato. sukhAbhilAthI ane audyogika saMskRtine lIdhe jayAre mANasonI rItabhAtamAM kamaLa naramAza AvI, ane evI jaMgalI ramatomAMthI maLatA AnaMda pratye jyAre aNagamAne uchALe temane Avyo, ane jyAre temane badale nATakadi bIjA navIna AnaMde temane maLavA lAgyA, ane tethI samAjanA nIcalA bhAgamAM ja e ramata cAlu rahevAthI temanI niMdA thavA lAgI, tyAre ja temano aMta Avyo. A saMskRtine cheTesTaMTa pAdarIoe ekaMdare nIbhAvI rAkhI che. paraMtu vicikSaNa nItivettAe vicAra karavo ghaTe che ke upalI jaMgalI ramatamAM vadhAre duHkha prANIone thatuM hatuM ke hAla dUra katalakhAnAmAM jAnavarene mArI nAkhavAmAM Ave che athavA dhIme dhIme temanuM mota ANavAmAM Ave che temAM temane vadhAre duHkha thAya che? ane ahIM prANIone thatA duHkhane vicAra te ocho karaze, paNa evA tamAzAthI " jonAranA cAritrya upara je mAThI asara kaI vakhata thAya che tene vicAra

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328 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. te vadhAre karaze. paraMtu krUratAnA keTalAka prakAra evA hoya che ke temane judI ja dRSTithI jevA paDe che. jIvatA prANIo upara thatI vADhakupa ghaNI vakhata svachaMdI ane nirarthaka hoya che; keTalIka vakhata khANAnI mojanI khAtara prANIo upara lAMbI ane ghAtakI krUratA vAparavAmAM Ave che; ane A kraratA jAhera dRSTithI dUra ekAMta bhAgamAM karavAmAM AvatI hovAthI cAritrya upara tenI asara ghaNuM thoDI thAya che. tathApi tenA vicAra mAtrathI paNa keIpaNa dayALu mANasanA hRdayamAM kaMpArI chUTayA vinA rahetI nathI. AvI AvI bAbatenI nIti paratve khristi dezamAM chellA saikAthI ja lekenuM lakSa bacAvA lAgyuM che, ane te kArya paNa ghaNuM karIne greTesTaMTa prajAe ja bajAvyuM che. jaMgalamAM vasatA saMtanA jIvanamAMthI upasthita thatI kathAo rUpe dayAbhAva duniyAne prApta thayo che e vAta ApaNe svIkArIe te paNa ApaNe eTaluM visarI javuM joIe nahi ke moTA pAyA upara prANIo pratye dayAne pracAra arvAcIna ane vyAvahArika jamAnAne hAthe ja thayo che; musalamAne ane brAhmaNa A bAbatamAM khristio karatAM ghaNuM caDI jAya che, ane spena ane dakSiNa iTAlI ke jyAM kethelika dharmanAM mULa ghaNuM ja uMDAM che tyAM hajIpaNa prANIo pratye nirdayatA ghaNI ja thAya che. mA-saMsthAnA prathama svarUpathI lekane lAbha thayo te eTale ja hatA ke saMtanAM jIvananI mahArI ane suMdara kathAothI lekenAM hRdaya AkarSAtAM. dharmanA moTA vAdavivAdanA kALamAM A parvAtya sAdhuomAMthI keTalAka moTA dharmazAstrIo thayA hatA e vAta kharI. paraMtu ekaMdare pUrva pradezamAM sAdhuo jaMgalamAM rahetA ane atyaMta dehadamana karavAmAM ja kALakSepa karatA hatA. paraMtu pazcimamAM saMtajIvane jUduM ja rUpa dhIme dhIme dhAraNa karyuM hatuM, ane ghaNA uMcA prakAranI pharajo bajAvI hatI. ITAlInI maThasaMsthAne sthApaka pUrva dezI saMta ethenesiyasa thayo hato. TursanA saMta mAraTine pitAnA sAdhuone mahenata karavAnI baMdhI karI hatI, ane te ane tenA sAdhuo, pUrva dezI saMtonI peThe bahAra pharyA karatA, ane maMdIrenI

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phansTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 329 mUrtio bhAMgI nAkhatA. paraMtu traNa moTAM kAraNonI bhegI asarathI A maTha-saMsthAnuM jesa vyAvahArika pravAhamAM vaLI gayuM: (1) pAzcAtya dezanAM havA pANI ja evAM hatAM ke tyAM lekene nirUghamI ane ALasu besI rahevuM pAlave nahi ane chatAM temanI jAta sakhata dehadamana karI zake nahi athavA beThADu pUrva-vAsInI bhrAMtione AnaMda laI zake nahi. tethI caMcaLa jIvanamAM pravRtta thavAnI temane jarUra paDatI; (2) chaThThA saikAmAM, saMta kolabiyA vigerenA varga sAthe bhaLIne saMta beneDiTane varga ubho thayo, ane temaNe nirarthaka prAyazcitanI jaMgalI sakhatAI ochI karIne maThanI saMsthAmAM mahenatane Avazyaka tatva banAvyuM ane Ama te saMsthAne sAmAnya saMskRtinA pravAhamAM vALI lIdhI; (3) ane jaMgalIonA humalAthI pazcima mahArAjya naSTa pAmyuM, rAjya-vyavasthA ane sAmAjIka saMsthAo chinnabhinna thaI gaI, ane lagabhaga mULa sthitie samAja AvI gayo. tethI ati agatyanA sAmAjIka, rAjakIya, ane buddhi viSayaka kartavyo bajAvavAnuM kAma maThana maMDaLa upara svAbhAvika rIte ja AvI paDayuM. evuM kahevAya che ke elerike jyAre roma sara karyuM tyAre tenA vamaLamAM vidharmIonA dharmanAM nAma nizAna paNa cAlyAM gayAM; tethI remamAM khristi dharma sarvopari thaI paDayo. pAzcAtya saMskRtinA sAmAnya patana paratve paNa evuM ja kathana kahI zakAya ema che. arthAta , jaMgalIonA humalA pahelAM je ke khristi dharma remamAM pravaryo hato, tathApi vidharmIonA tAtvika matamatAMtara ane rUDha saMpradAya temaja prAcIna paNa jIrNa thaI gaelA samAjamAM ghara karI beThelA rUDhi, rivAjone lIdhe khristione utsAha vAraMvAra bhAMgI paDato hato. paraMtu jaMgalIone vijaya thavAthI prAcIna rUDhio ane saMpradAya astavyasta thaI gayA ane tethI khristi dharmane kuMvArI bhUmi prApta thaI, ane tethI karIne lAMbA vakhata sudhI te saMsthA elI ja sudhArAnuM kendra rahI hatI. - A aNIne samaye khristi dharmagurUoe paNa hiMmata ane catu

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330 yuropIya prajAnA AcaNune itihAsa. dhArI tAne varALa te e vAta raI vAparavAmAM kacAza rAkhI nathI. uttama prakAranI nisvArthatAthI hiMmata pUrvaka teo vijetA ane hArelAnI lavAdI karatA, ane jyAre prAMtimAMthI AvatI anAjanI Avaka baMdha thaI jatI, ane jayAre jaMgalIoe suMdara khetarane ujaDa verAna karI dIdhAM hatAM, tyAre avirama sakhAvatathI ITAlInAM apratima duHkho echAM karavAno temaNe prayAsa karyo hate e vAta ApaNe AgaLa kahI che. paraMtu jaMgalI jAtene tvarAthI emaNe khriti karyA e vAta enAthI paNa vadhAre vismayakAraka che. durbhAgye A ati agatyanI bAbata itihAsamAM ati aspaSTa rahelI che, ane je kAraNathI AkhI jA ane prajAe khristi thaI gaI te kAraNathI ApaNe taddana ajJAta chIe. rAmanA rAjyane asta thayo te pahelAM gotha lekane te alaphilAe bririta karyA hatA; ane jarmane ane uttara taraphanI keTalIka jAta. lAMbA vakhata pachI briti thaI hatI, paraMtu jaMgalIo te vijetA thayA teja samaye khristi thayA hatA. potAnA dezamAM pitAnA dharmaguraenI AnAnI muge mehe tAbe thavAnI A jaMgalIone prathamathI ja Teva hatI. paraMtu paradezamAM have evA dharma-gurUonI samakSa ubhA rahevAne temane vakhata Avyo ke je temanA dezanA dharmagurUo karatAM ghaNA sudharelA ane dabadabAvALA hatAM, jemanI damAmavALI dharma-kayAthI teo aMjAI jatA ane palakanI jemanI dhamakIthI teo tharatharI jatA. pitAnA dezanA saghaLA saMsathI asaMbaddha thaelA evA A jaMgalIo navIna saMskRtinI bhavyatA AgaLa namI gayA, ane lATIna bhASAnI mAphaka ghaNI seLabheLa sahIta lAIna dhama paNa A navIna samAja upara rAja karavA lAge vaLI nirAsaka kSane siddhAMta ane saMtAnane siddhAMta A jaMgalIone khristi banAvavAmAM dhama gurUone bahu kAma lAgyA. khristi gurUo kahetA ke mAtra khristi dhamamAM ja satya che, ane tethI ja mokSa maLe che, bIjA badhA dharmo setAnanI ja racanA che. A ekezvaravAdanI sAme anekezvara vAda TakI zakato nahi; ane tethI aneka vidharmIo khristi thatA ane eka vAra khristi thayA pachI je kaI vidhama pitAnA AgalA dene

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masTanaTAInathI zAlemana sudhI. choDI de nahi, te khristi gurUo ene narakanA niraMtara agninI dhamakI ApatA hatA. paraMtu jUnA saMskAre hRdayamAMthI ekadama khasatA nathI, tethI AgalA dharmamAM je je camatkArarUpa manAtuM hatuM tene pizAnuM kAma khristi gurUo kahetA. tethI paNa vidharmIonI najaramAM pitAne Agale dharma bhraSTa ja lAgate. uttama prakAranI AvI dharma-bhakti uparAMta, khristi dharma phelAvavAmAM khrisita dharmagurUo samayane samajIne pitAnI buddhino upayoga karavAmAM paNa bahu kuzaLa hatA. jaMgalI jAte ghaNuM karIne pitAnA rAjAne dharma vagara tapAse svIkArI letI, ane rAjAe ghaNuM karIne temanI rANIothI prerita thatA hatA; tethI khristi gurUo prathama rAjA rANIne, ane temAMya rANIne, khristi karavAno prayAsa karatA, ane te prayAsamAM teo saphaLa thatA hatA. ane A pramANe keTalIka rANIonI sahAyathI ja temanA rAjAone khristi dharmamAM lAvI zakAyA hatA. kalpanAne uzkere evI koI paNa vAtanuM vismaraNa teo karatA nahi, evuM kahevAya che ke rANI kaTilDAe dhArmika kriyAo thatI vakhate AvelA mUlyavAna paDadA tarapha pitAnA svAmInuM lakSa kheMcavAnI khAsa saMbhALa rAkhI hatI. narakanA bhayAnaka banAvonuM citra cItrAvI teo vidharmIone batAvatA hatA, ane vidharmae tethI tharatharI jatA hatA. vaLI khristi dharmanI pachavADe pachavADe A duniyAmAM vijaya cA Ave che ane mUrtipUja, pAkhaMDa, dharmabhraSTatA, ke durAcAranI zikSArUpe marakI, dukALa ke duzmanothI parAjya ItyAdi Ave che evI mAnyatAne khAsa karIne yuktipUrvaka upadeza teo ApatA hatA; tethI temane dhama bahu prasaryo hato. bhoLA jaMgalIo te zuddha buddhithI mAnatA; ane AzA, dhAstI, upakAra ane pazcAtApane lIdhe temanAM ToLeToLAM khristio thatAM vidharmIonA devAnI ane utsavonI jagA bisti dharmanA saMtothI ane kriyAothI pUrAvA lAgI, tethI A pheraphAra ocho vasamo lAgatuM hatuM ane anya dharmamAM javAnuM duHkha kamI thatuM hatuM. vaLI khristi gulAme paNa pitAnA dharmanA vakhANa pitAnA zeThane karatA hatA. ane jyAre rAjA ane tenuM lazkara pristi thaI rahyuM, tyAre

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332 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. temanA vijayane daDha karavA ThAThanI ane dharmanI vyavasthA thavA lAgI ane dharma virUddha dareka hIlacAlane kAyadAthI dAbI devAmAM AvI. jaMgalI jAta upara khristi dharmane vijaya A pramANe thaze ho. paraMtu je ke britidharmane vijaya Ave ane samaye thaze te khare, paNa tenA mULa, vizuddha svarUpamAM gaMbhIra prakArane pheraphAra thaI thaI gaye; ane je ke khristidharmanAM ghaNAM mULatatve temAM hatA, tathApi ekaMdare eka navIna prakAre dharma A hIlacAlamAMthI bahAra tarI Avyo. dharma ane tene mAnanArA bannenAM rUpAMtara thaI gayAM. utsa, pratikRtio ane nAmo, mUrtione badale have tenAM thayAM, ane prAcIna dharmanA vicAra ane lAgaNIonI Teve navA rUpe ane navIna bhASAmAM pAchAM prApta thayAM. jaDavAda, mUrtipUjA ane aneka devavAda ke jene sate lAMbA vakhatathI uttejana ApatA hatA te badhAnuM valaNa, khristidharmamAM jaMgalI tava praveza pAmavAthI, yuropamAM sAmAnya rIte buddhi tejahIna thavAthI, dharmanI vRddhi mATe aneka jAtanI chUTa mUkAvA lAgI tethI, anivArya rIte daDha thayuM. ane navA dharmane nAme jUnA deve pAchA pRthvI upara amala karavA lAgyA. ke anya prakAre prAcIna devenI sajIva caMcaLatAnuM ati utkaTa bhAna temane thatuM hatuM, tathApi A valaNanI sAme khristi dharmanA AgevAne aTakAyata rU ghaNuM karIne kAMI karatA nahi. romanA ane jaMgalIonA de vijayavaMta nIvaDelA dharmanI sAme asura tarIke hajI paNa vera bhAve vartatA hatA evI mAnyatA te samaye lekamAM pracalita hatI tenA purAvAmAM ghaNI vAta kahevAya che. chaThThA saikAne eka mahAna pipa (dharmAdhyakSa) vAta kare che ke eka yAdI musApharI karati cAlyo Avate hatA tevAmAM rahe rAta paDI. ane bIje kaI Azare na maLavAthI epalanA eka tajI devAalA maMdIramAM rata rahyA. maMdIramAM eka ja hogathI dUjatA, tyAM bhUta rahe che evuM sAMbhaLeluM hovAthI hItA evA te yahudIe pita khristi nahato chatAM svastika (cross) nA cihnathI pitAnuM rakSaNa karavAno nizcaya karyo. kAraNa ke teNe ghaNI vAra sAMbhaLyuM hatuM ke evA

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kansanaTAIthI zArlamena sudhI. 333 cihnathI bhUta bhAgI jAya che. ane tema karavAthI ja te sahIsalAmata rahyA hata; kAraNa ke madhya rIte te madIra kALA ane bIhAmaNu AkArethI bharAI gayuM. pitAnA tyAga karelA maMdIramAM deva epalae darabAra bharyo hatuM, ane pitAnA anucara pizAcenI sAthe khristione kevI rIte phasAvavA, tene vicAra e karato hato. eka taratane paraNele remavAsI daDAnI ramata ramate hate. ane ramatAM na phAvavAthI eNe potAnI vIMTI kADhI pAse devI vinasanuM pUtaLuM ubhuM hatuM tenI AMgaLImAM paherAvI pAche ramavA lAgyo. ramI rahyo tyAre pAchI vIMTI levA AvyA te devInI AMgaLI evI rIte vaLI gaI hatI ke vIMTI kADhI zakAI nahi. ane te rAte devI tenA svapnamAM AvyAM ane kahevA lAgyAM ke have te tenI patnI thayAM che ane tethI tenI sAthe ja roja tenA gharamAM raheze. AvI aneka vAta cAlatI. tapittinA prathama vistAranAM keTalAka kAraNe ame upara batAvyAM che ane te kAraNone vyApAra cAlu hatI daramyAna anya prabaLa kAraNe paNa upajI AvyAM hatAM. jaMgalIonA niraMtara humalAthI remanuM rAjya tvarAthI paDI bhAgyuM. tethI pite herAna na thAya e sthaLe jaI zAMta rIte mehanata karI gujarAna kare evA AzramanI lekane jarUra hatI. tethI saMta beneDikaTe vyavasthita karelI maDa-saMsthAmAM lokone AkarSaNa kare evAM vidhavidha jAtanAM tatve dAkhala thayAM. A saMsthAmAM amIrI ane prajAsattA to eka sAthe hatAM, maThAdhipatine darajajo ane sattA rAjAnAM jevAM hatAM, ane tethI maThAdhipati thavAnI amIrI kuTuMbanAM mANaso AkAMkSA karatA ane ghaNuM karIne thatA. ane mukta athaelA gulAme, athavA potAnuM sarvasva khoI beThelA kheDUto, athavA amIranA julamathI trAsa pAmelA mANaso athavA lazkaramAMthI nAsI AvelA sipAIo, athavA jene nirbhaya ane zAMta aMdagI gUjAravAnI IcchA hoya te A badhAne belAzaka maThamAM Azraya maLato hato. maThAdhipati jAte garI

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334 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. baImAM rahetA ane pavitra gaNAta hata; paNa saMsthAnI meTI samRddhinI vaga vaparAtI, ane meTe bhAge ghaNI sakhAvatamAM tene paise vaparAte. je mANaso utsAhI ane janasevA karavAnI IcchAvALA hoya temaNe sAdhune dhiMdho bahoLo avakAza Apati, kAraNa ke maThamAM dAkhala thaI tevA mANase dharmane phelAve karatAM, lekenuM du:kha ochuM karatAM ane samAjanI sudhAraNAmAM caMcaLa bhAga letA. bhAMta mANasane A saMsthA svargane sapaSTa raste thatI hatI. sattAnA lebhavALAne temAM dharma-gurU ke dharmAdhikArI thavAne prasaMga maLato hato. ghaNe aMze mAtra maThomAM ja e vakhate havAthI, abhyAsanI IcchAvALAne te lAbha maLato ane abhyAsanI aMdagI te gujArI zakato. bIkaNa ane ekAMtavAsI svabhAvanA mANasane tyAM nirbhayatA ane ochAmAM ochI mahenata maLatI hatI. saMkhyAbaMdha mANasa maThamAM sAdhu thavA AvatAM hatAM, chatAM keTalAne TeTa keda' divasa tyAM AvatA nahi. makanI saMsthAne bakSIsa ApavAthI athavA vArasA mukI javAthI svargamAM javAya che evI te brAMta samayanI mAnyatA havAne lIdhe te saMsthAne aDhaLaka delatanI prApti thatI hatI ane vaLI sAdhuo paDatara jamIna khaMta ane kuzaLatAthI kheDatA; tethI A saMsthAne paise ghaNe vadhI paDavA lAge. sivAya, saMsthAne keAI kara bharavo paDe nahi, paNa te tophAnI samayamAM paNa mamAM zAMti rahetI hatI. jhADanA meTAM jaMgalene saphA karI sAdhuo tyAM khetI karatA hatA ane mahenata karI khArApATanI jamInane paNa khetIne lAyakanI banAvatA hatA. A pramANe jaMgalamAM paNa maTha zahera banI jatuM, sudhArA ane udyoganuM kendrasthAna thatuM, ane aMdhAdhunI ane laDAInA samayamAM paNa naitika sattAnuM cihna gaNAtuM hatuM. paraMtu A badhA lAbha alpAyuSI hatA, ane saMsthAnA baMdhAraNanA svAbhAvika ane anivAryuM pariNAmarUpe pAchaLathI temAM bhraSTatA paDI. sasthAne zarUAtane utsAha ja rahetAM, parANe paLAvatI kuMvArI jadagInAM, meTI vaga ane aDhaLaka delatanAM, pariNAma bahu burAM AvyAM. A saMsthAo ghaNA prakAranI sevAo karatI hatI, tyAM khetI vADIne

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konsTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. bahu uttejana maLatuM; musApharone tyAM vizrAmasthAna maLatuM; laDAImAM te pavitra sthAna gaNAtAM; ane amIrenI sattA tethI aMkuzamAM rahetI hatI. paNa jyAre jaMgalIonA humalA baMdha thayA ane samAjanI sughaTa yavasthA dheraNasara thavA lAgI tyAre AvI sevAonI jarUra rahI nahi, A vAta temanA naitika namunAne paNa lAgu paDe che. beneDikaTa matanA sAdhue pitAnI saMsthAnI vyavasthAmAM mahenatane Avazyaka tatva gaNatA hatA, tethI gulAmagIrIe mahenata upara kalaMkanI je chApa mArI hatI te bhuMsAI gai A sevA maThanI saMsthA ekaThI karI che e vAta bezaka kharI che; paraMtu A vAta paNa satya che ke jyAre udyoga-vRtti prAthamika dazAmAMthI nIkaLI AgaLa vadhI, tyAre garIbAI pavitra che ane samRddhithI burAM pariNAma Ave che e be siddhAMta je A saMsthAnA sutrarUpa hatA te enA kaTTA verI thaI paDyA. nANuM vyAje ApavAnI vAtane maThanI saMsthA pAparUpa gaNatI hatI. paraMtu te vAta paNa audyogika sAhasanA kALamAM cAle evI nahotI. paraMtu sanyAsI jIvananuM sthityaMtara maThanA jIvanamAM thatAM cAritryanA parivartanamAM eka agatyane lAbha thayo che. kAraNa ke tethI AjJAdhInatAnI Teva ane dInatAnA sadAcArane AgaLa kadi nahi maLeluM sthAna samAjamAM maLavA lAgyuM. sanyAsI jIvanathI svataMtratAne pavana ane AdhyAtmika magarUrI atyaMta vikAsa pAmI bahAra AvatAM, ane dareka prakhyAta saMtane ke amuka sadaguNane khAsa namune gaNIne tenA cAritryanA te bhAgane khAsa abhyAsa karavA te saMtanI jAtrAe javAno rivAja khristi saMsthAe pADayo hato e vAtathI uparanI hAkakatane vadhAre uttejana maLatuM. tethI svAbhAvika rIteja sate atyaMta mAnI ane ahaMkArI banatA kAraNake temane khAvAnI paNa tamA rahetI nahi, paraMtu pAzcAtya maThemAM AjJAdhInatA ane dInatAne khAsa upadeza tha; ane maThamAM tene amala thato, ane tethI sAdhuomAM te guNe khAsa keLavAtA ane maThanA sAdhuo nItimAM AdarzarUpa gaNAtA hovAthI temanA jIvanamAM e sadAcAra joI leke paNa te saddaguNone ucca sthAna ApavA lAgyA. ane tethI nItinA kramamAM temane ucca sthAna prApta

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336 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa. thayuM. AmAMthI AgaLa jatAM jAgIra saMsthA (Feudal System) ane bIjI paNa vyavasthAo janma pAmI. AjJAdhInatA te vakhate navIna sadAcAra nahato, paNa dInatAne svabhAva te lagabhagakhristi dharmanuM ja khAsa lakSaNa hatuM, ane tene pracAra maThamAM ghaNo hate. ahaMkAranI dareka bhAvanAne bhagna karavAnI vyavasthA te saMsthAmAM hatI. A moTA sAdhana dvArA kethalika saMpradAye manuSyanAM hRdaya ghaNAM kamaLa karyA che. mANasamAM kharekharI dInatAne guNa nahAya tathApi tenAmAM paropakAra vRtti ane maLatAvaDApaNuM kavacita hoya che ane sudhArAnI ucca saMskRta dazAmAM evuM ghaNIvAra jovAmAM Ave che. paraMtu kharekharI dInatA je mANasamAM hoya te tenI komaLa asara tenA AkhA jIvanamAM thayA vinA rahetI nathI e niHsaMzaya che. laDAyaka jAtane namra banAvavA mATe prathama temanAmAM dInatAne jAgrata karavI Avazyaka che. sAmAchaka ane kauTuMbika lAgaNIne nAza, saMsthAne aMge upajatA sAMkaDA vicAra, ane vizeSa karIne pApaDanA gunA saMbaMdhI krUra abhiprAyenI pracalitatAne lIdhe e saMsthAnA keTalAka mANasonuM AcaraNa atyaMta krUra thatuM; tathApi sakhAvatanA rivAjathI ane dInatAnA dRSTibiMduthI khristi rAjyamAM kaIka komaLa asara thayA vinA rahI nathI. paraMtu A daSTibiMdu thoDA samaya mATe game tevuM lAbhadAyI hoya, paNa pAchaLanA sudharelA jamAnAne anukULa Ave evuM nahotuM. mAnI saMsthA jyAM sarvoparI sattA bhogavatI hoya che tyAM rAjakIya svataMtratA lagabhaga azakya thaI paDe che, kAraNa ke e saMsthA prajAnI zakitaone sAmAjIka ane rAjakIya pravAhamAMthI dharmanA pravAhamAM vALe che eTaluM ja nahi paNa te gulAmagIrIne ja upadeza Ape che. rAja-sattAne ochI kare paNa te sattA pite ja dhAraNa kare evI khAsa yogyatA kethalika saMpradAyamAM rahelI che. jyAM vicAra karyA vagara mUMge meMhe tAbe rahevuM e jIvanane ucAmAM uce prakAra gaNAya che ane pUjAya che tyAM svataMtratAne utsAha ane jusso

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---~-~ ~ kansTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 337 ~ ~ ~~... - avazya karIne asta pAme che. lazkarI vyavasthAmAM paNa vagara premane hukamane tAbe thavAne rivAja hoya che, tethI te Teva paNa rAjAnI svataMtra sattAne tAbe rahevA mANasanAM mana taiyAra kare che. paraMtu ekaMdare lazkarI vyavasthA karatAM maThanI saMsthA svataMtratAnI vadhAre vireAdhI che, kAraNa ke sAdhuonI AjJAdhInatAne pAyo dInatA hoya che, paraMtu sipAInI AjJAdhInatA sAthe abhimAna paNa raheluM hoya che. ane abhimAnanA meTA aMzanI sAthe svataMtratAne jusso hamezAM rahelo hoya che. dInatAne je agrasthAna maThanI saMsthAe ApyuM hatuM te paNa kAyama TakaryuM nathI. dInatA e saMtanA saMpUrNa cAritryanuM kharekharuM bhUSaNa ane saidarya che; paraMtu anubhava e che ke sAmAnya mANasamAM magarUrI Apa vaDAInuM rUpa le che tenA karatAM dInanA gulAmagIrInuM rU5 vadhAre le che; ane hAlanA jamAnAmAM dInatAmAM nahi, paNa Atma-garavamAM sadAcAranI zabhA gaNAya che. pAchaLane naitika ItihAsamAM be pagalAM evAM bharANa che ke jene lIdhe magarUrInI bhAvanA upajI AvI che ane te ghaNAM saddaguNonuM mULa ane saMrakSaka gaNAya che. prathama te zairyabhAvanA (Chivalry) emanI A dInatA upara taDApa mArI che, kAraNa ke e bhAvanAmAM magarUrI ane game tema karIne paNa pitAnI laDAyaka pratiSThAne sAcavI rAkhavAnuM bhAna raheluM che, ane A bhAna te samaye upajyA pachI kadi maTI gayuM nathI. vaLI dInatA kaSTa pADavA svamAnakiMvA AtmagauravanI lAgaNanI utpatti bIjuM pagaluM nIvaDayuM che. praTeTa prajAonuM khAsa lakSaNa A Atma-gaurava che, ane tene lIdhe kethelika prajAthI proTesTaMTa prajAno bheda spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. ane nItipara A Atmagaurava te prajAmAM eka prabaLakAraka zakti nIvaDI che, kAraNa ke tethI mANase spaSTavaktA ane svataMtra svabhAvanA thavA lAgyAM che, ane hAjI hA kahevAnI Teva jevA halakA, nIca ane cAritryane bhraSTa karatA durAcAra upara aMkuza rahevA lAge che. proTesTaMTa pradezamAM A

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338 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, guNa khAsa keLavAI vikAsa pAme che tenAM kAraNe nIce pramANe ApI zakAya che; maThanI saMsthAo ane Tene nirmULa karavAmAM AvI; bhikSAvRtti ke jene sArI kahI kethalika saMpradAya uttejate ho tene proTesTaMTa mata nAmazI bharelI gaNavA lAge; dareka mANasane potAnA vicAranI, chUTa che ane dareka mANasa pitAnA kRtyone mATe javAbadAra che evI mAnyatAne TesTaMTa mata ucca sthAna ApavA lAge; ane dharma sudhAraNAnA siddhAMtane anusarI utpanna thaelI ane daDha banelI rAjakIya AtmagauravanI pratiSThA ghaNuM vadhI paDI che. he mA-saMsthAone buddhi viSayaka sadAcAra sAthe zo saMbaMdha che te ApaNe joIe ane A vAta barAbara samajavA mATe pristi saMsthAnI prAthamika dazAnuM kAMIka digdarzana karI javuM Avazyaka che. prathama te atra eTaluM kahevuM joIe ke "buddhi viSayaka sadAcAra' e pada ghaNIvAra lAkSa Nika arthamAM vaparAya che paNa kevaLa zakyArthathI paNa te pada samajI zakAya che. je satyanI pramANika ane caMcaLa IcchAne naitika kartavya mAnavAmAM Ave te satyanI dareka pramANika zaidhane mATe vyavasthApUrvaka je keLavaNI ane svabhAvanAM valaNanI AvazyakatA che te badhAne nItinA vartuLamAM samAveza thaI jAya che. aMtaHkaraNathI satyane cAhavuM eTale ene artha ema ke zuddha buddhithI, utsAhapUrvaka, kAyara thayA vinA tene mATe pravRtti ryA karavI. arthAt pUrAvAnA prakAzathI game tevA apriya anumAne nIkaLatAM hoya te te paNa kADhavAM; rAgadveSa ane vyakti gata IcchAnI vAtane vacamAM AvavA devI nahi, ane pUrAvA uparathI ja je siddha thAya te mAnavuM; ane cittamAM koIpaNa jAtane vikSobha ke saMbhrama na thAya ane susthita banI citta zAMti anubhave ema karavuM. Ama karavuM ghaNuM muzkela ane dukha e vAta kharI, paraMtu satyanA kharekhara premamAM e badhuM aMtargata che e vAta spaSTa che tethI karIne je saMsthA zaMkAnI koI paNa avasthAne gunArUpa gaNI deSita TharAve, amuka jAtanI dalIla ke hakIkatanI tapAsane kharAba kahI

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- kensTanaTAInathI zAlamena sudhI. 338 niMde, athavA te vizuddha zedhakanA pramANika nigamanane pApI kahe, te te saMsthA buddhiviSayaka pramANikatAnI udhI vALanArI thAya che. prAcIna kALamAM je ke zedhanI paddhatio ghaNIvAra bahu bhUla bharelI hatI. ane temanAM anumAne utAvaLI thatAM; paraMtu satya zodhaka vRttine te kALanA loko DahApaNuM bharelI rIte mAna ApatA hatA. keTalIka dhArmika kriyAo rAja bhaktinAM ci gaNAtI hatI athavA rAjyanA hitamAM devane anukULa karavA Avazyaka manAtI hatI; A dharmakriyAo kAyadAthI paLAvavAmAM AvatI hatI. vaLI tattvajJAnanA thoDAka siddhAMta ke jene lIdhe anItinuM AcaraNa thaI zakatuM hatuM athavA samAjamAM je #bha upajAve evAM hatAM temane rAjyasattAthI dAbI devAmAM AvatA hatA. paraMtu sAmAnya niyama tarIke, svataMtra vicAra upara keIpaNa jatano aMkuza nahota; brAMtijanaka abhiprAyomAM avazya pApa raheluM che evA vicArathI leke ajJAna hatA, ane hiMmatathI prazna uThAvanArAone leke vakhANutA ane mAna ApatA hatA. temane dhArmika mata paNa A bAbatamAM anukULa hatA. temanA aneka devavAdamAM dUSaNo ghaNA chatAM traNa maTA guNe temAM hatA. devonAM kalpanAmaya, suMdara citra, svadezAbhimAna ane eka bIjAnI mata-bhinnatA pratye kSamA vRtti, A traNa vAtethI te bharapUra hati. remanA rAjyamAM aneka prajAo ekaThI thaI hatI; chatAM grIsanA karatAM paNa temAM buddhi-svAtaMtrya vadhAre hatuM; judI judI jAtanAM tatvajJAna ane mAnyatAo kaI paNa jAtanI harakta pAmyA vinA pitAne upadeza ApatAM; satyanI zedha sadAcAranuM eka ati agatyanuM tatva gaNAtuM ane leka-mAnyatAonI dareka vAta upara chaNI chaNIne TIkA karavAmAM AvatI hatI. paraMtu khristidharmamAM vicAra-svAtaMtryanI bilakUla chUTa nahotI. khristi dharmagurUo kahetA ke je amArA dharmamAM kevaLa zraddhA rAkhe tene ja mekSa thAya che. vidharmIonA dharmamAM prazna pUchavAnI ane zaMkA karavAnI chUTa

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340 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ' hatI. tethI khristione anya dharmo upara prahAra karavAnI taka maLatI. khristi dharma tvarAthI phelAya tenuM A paNa eka mukhya kAraNa thayuM che. vaLI meTA ane vadhatA jatA bhoLapaNanA te samayamAM khristi gurUo khAtrI pUrvaka kahetA ke vagara ane mAnavAmAM, vagara zarate ane saMpUrNa zraddhAmAM ja manuSyanuM kartavya che tethI karIne bhrAMti ane zaMkA bane gunArUpa che e vicAra tvarAthI upasthita thayo, dharmanA siddhAMta tarIke turata ja te manAvA lAge, ane pachI e siddhAMta upara ja e dharmane Akho vyavavahAra ane pravAha cAlavA lAgyo. have A siddhAMtanA mULamAM ja kevI jAtanI bhUla rahelI che tene vicAra ApaNe atre karIe te te aprAsaMgika nahi ja gaNAya. have, buddhinA kevaLa svataMtra ane nirALA nizcayamAM nIti anItine prazna AvI zakato nathI. tethI kevaLa buddhinI bhUlane pApa kahevuM e avAjane amuka raMgano che ema kahyA jevuM che. je koI mANasa zuddha buddhithI ema mAnatA hoya ke be samAMtara sIdhI lITIo AgaLa jatAM maLI zake che, athavA be lITIone trikoNa banI zake che, te ApaNe tene gAMDe ke bevakupha ja kahezuM paNa koIpaNa rIte te durAcArI che ema ApaNAthI kahI zakAze nahi. ItihAsanI takarArI bAbatamAM paNa jo koI mANasa sAmasAmA pakSanI dalIlanI yathArtha tulyanA karI zakatA na hoya to te mAtra buddhi viSayaka ja bhUla che ane tethI temAM pApa nathI; eTaluM ja ke te mANase temAM pramANikapaNe tapAsa karelI hevI joIe. eNe bAMdhelA matane lIdhe duSTatAne aTakAyatarUpa thate pratibaMdha kavacita nirbaLa thatAM temAMthI duSTa pariNAma Ave evuM paNa bane, paNa pramANikapaNe ane zuddha buddhithI kevaLa buddhinA pradezamAM je kAMI bhUlacUka thAya temAM pApa nathI. pilisane koI uparI zuddha buddhithI ema mAne ke daza mANasa lUTArAne parAjya karavA pUratAM che; paraMtu pAchaLathI tene mAlama paDayuM ke vIza mANasa hota te ThIka; ane daramyAna lUTArA lUMTa karI chaTakI gayA. ahIM parINAma buruM AvyuM, paNa te uparI nItibhraSTa thayuM che ema kahI zakAya nahi. jUdA jUdA dezanA ke prajAnA

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* kansTanaTAinathI zArlamena sudhI. ItihAsa samajavA mATe buddhinI jUdI jUdI taiyArIo joIe chIe ane tethI eka ja jAtanI taiyArIthI jUdA jUdA ItihAsa samajatAM bhUlo. thaze; paNa te bhUlamAM pApa che ema kahevuM vAjabI nathI. paraMtu be bAbatamAM buddhinI bhUlane gunArUpa gaNI zakAya che. prathama te satyanA kharekharA premamAM mananI je nikhAlasa ane nispRha avasthA joIe chIe tenI kAMIka ke kevaLa gerahAjarIne lIdhe evI bhUla ghaNuM vAra thAya che. pitAnA svArthI udezanI khAtara manamAM kAMIka ane mehe kAMIka evuM bolanArA mANase te leke dhAre che tenA karatAM bahu ochA ghaNuM karIne duniyAmAM hoya che. paraMtu game te kAraNane lIdhe je mAnavAnI pitAne IcchA hoya che temAM kharuM khoTuM zuM che te jANavAne kAMIpaNu. parizrama karyA vagara zuddha buddhithI makkamapaNe te mAnI besanArAnI saMkhyA gaNI zakAya evI nathI. pitAnA bhautika zreya uparAMta buddhinA vilAsa ke vicAranA pravAha evA ghaNA hoya che ke jemAM cAlavuM mANasane saheluM ane AnaMdajanaka lAge che, ane jeno tyAga kare tene muzkela ane duHkhadAyaka lAge che, parizramane aNagama, nizcitatAne prema, niyamita vyavasthAne meha, vikAranuM valaNa, kalpanAnI saMgatio; temaja sAmAjIka sthitinI halakI asare, kauTuMbika sukha, dhaMdhAnuM hita, pitAnA pakSanI lAgaNI athavA vyAvahArika paddhIne lebha -A badhAM evI jAtanAM che. ghaNA kharA mANasamAM satyane prema eTale badhe nirbaLa hoya che ane mAnasika vedanA sAmI maLatAM eTalA badhA nAkhuza thAya che ke koI paNa jAtano yatna karyA vagara pitAnA aMtanA pravAhane anukULa pitAne abhiprAya bAMdhI bese che, pitAnA abhiprAyane virUddha je dalIla ke abhiprAya hoya temAMthI pitAnA manane pAchuM kheMcI le che, ane Ama pitAne je mAnavAnI IcchA hoya che tenI satyatAne nizraya turata teo karI bese che. satyanA mArgamAMthI avaLe rate doranAra AvAM kAraNone satyanA zodhake saMbhALathI dUra rAkhavAM joIe. ane koI mANasa je tema na kare ane pachI buddhinI bhUla thAya te temAM guno che, arthAta ALasa ke rAta pakSapAtathI thatI bhUlamAM pApa che.

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34ra. yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. bIjI vAta e che ke bhraSTa svabhAvanA ajJAta valaNathI paNa buddhinI bhUla thAya che. amuka prakAranuM naitika valaNa mANasanuM jyAre baMdhAI jAya che, tyAre tenI sAthe amuka jAtanAM buddhinA valaNe paNa tenAmAM Ave che. ane pachI satya zodhavAnI tenI IcchA game tevI prabaLa hoya te paNa pitAnA mAnasika valaNathI dorAI gayA vinA te rahetuM nathI. amuka mANasane svabhAva ke valaNa je ApaNe jANIe, te tenA ghaNuMkharA abhiprAyonI AgAhI ApaNe karI zakIe chIe. rAjakIya bAbatamAM, rasajJatAnA niyamamAM, nItinA siddhAMtamAM, te mANasanuM svAbhAvika valaNa kevuM haze ne ApaNe kahI zakIe chIe. je te mANasa sakhata, bahAdura ane maga rUra svabhAvane haze te ravAbhAvika rIte ja nItinA je namunAmAM A guNene pradhAna pada maLatuM haze tenA tarapha e vaLI jaze ane je te garama svabhAvane haze to jyAM komaLa sadAcArane agrasthAna maLatuM haze tyAM kudaratI rIte ja e DhaLI paDaze. amuka prakAranA gurUtvAkarSaNathI rAte te mANasa potAnA svabhAvane anukULa vyavasthAmAM ajANatAM paNa va jaze ane buddhi viSayaka muzkelIothI ema karatAM te kavacit ja aTakaze. tethI karIne dharma, nIti ke rAjakIya bAbatamAM mANasanA nizcita abhiprAya jyAre baMdhAI jAya che tyAre tene svabhAva badalAyA vinA ne vicAro kavacita ja badalAya che. e ja pramANe durAcArI ane bhraSTa svabhAvane mANasa, athavA sakhata, sAMkaDA vicArane ane bIjAnA duHkhe duHkhI nahi thanAre mANasa svAbhAvika rIte ja janasvabhAvane abhiprAya paNa e ja bAMdhaze. jeNe uMcI pratinI bhAvanAo kadi anubhavI nathI tene bIjAnI tevI ja bhAvanAo bhAgye ja samajAze. je sAhityathI buddhi caNatara caNe che. te ghaNIvAra hRdayamAMthI maLelAM hoya che. ane tethI karIne buddhinA bhUlabharelA nizrayanA mULamAM ghaNIvAra naitika roga rahele hoya che. - have A be samAMthI bhUlane pApa gaNavAnA dhArmika vicAranI racanAmAM prathama satya kAraNabhUta thayuM hoya ema kahI zakAtuM nathI. mananI vivecaka zakitaone daDha karavAnA uddeze manane sUkSma rIte keLavavuM e vAtamAM

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konsTanaTAInathI sAmena sudhI. 343 dharmanuM tAtparya hotuM nathI; ane anubhavamUlaka vaijJAnika zodhaka-vRtti dharmanA lAbhane hamezAM pratikULa hovAnuM A paNa eka moTuM kAraNa che. aMdha zraddhAthI ja hamezAM dharmane lAbha thAya che. vijJAnazAstranI paddhati saMdehAtmaka ane niSpakSa hoya che. vijJAnazAstrI buddhipUrvaka nirNaya bAMdhavAmAM bahu vicAra kare che, thele che, ane koI paNa vAta mAnatA pahelAM tene sakhata pUrAvo mAge che; ane utAvaLathI siddhAta sthApI devAnA manuSyanA valaNane te durgaNa lekhe che. vaLI na pUrA maLato pitAnA vicAra pheravavA e hamezAM tatpara rahe che. Dagale Dagale vicAra karIne cAlatI A saMdehAtmaka paddhatithI mahAna buddhi viSayaka kAryo chellA traNa saikAmAM thayAM che. vijJAnazAstramAM bhAre bhAre ze Ama dareka dizAmAM saMzayAtmavAdathI lAbha thayo che. tethI karIne jeTale aMze mANaso A anubhava sUcaka (inductive) zALAmAM keLavAyelAM hoya che teTale aMze te mANase, je dharma saMdehanI dazAne pApa gaNe che, lAbha ane lAgaNIothI viveka buddhinuM niyamana karavAno prayAsa kare che ane buddhinA niSpakSa nirNayane naSTa karavAne mukhya udeza rAkhe che te dharmathI vimukha thAya che. paraMtu jo ke vaijJAnika valaNane kaTTo zatru ja kethalika saMpradAya hato ema kahyA vinA cAlatuM nathI; paNa baMdhAI gaelA cAritryathI manuSyanA abhiprAya meTe bhAge nizcita thAya che e ati agatyanuM satya kethelika dharma hamezAM svIkAryuM che. tethI je abhiprAya phelAvavAnI te saMpradAyanI IcchA hatI tene je naitika namune anukULa Avyo tene ja keLavavAno eNe satata prayAsa karyo che, ane A namunAmAMthI thatA vimArgagamanamAM mAnasika pAkhaMDanuM pUrva valaNa ghaNIvAra raheluM hoya che. evA daDha nizcayane lIdhe ja brAMtimAM guno che ema prathama teo ghaNuM kharuM mAnavA lAgyA. pachI temAM pAdarIonI ane bIjI vage bhaLatAM te siddhAMta vistAra pAmyo. pachI te vicArazIla, aitihAsika ane niyAmaka aneka pratijJA vAkyo mokSane mATe Avazyaka manAvA lAgyAM; ane je mANasa te na svIkAre te mANasa khristinI dayAnA baMdhananI kevaLa bahAra gaNAvA lAgyo.

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344 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. *** * * * * * sAmAnya abhiprAya e che ke khristi dharmanI asarane lIdhe svadezAbhimAnanI saMkucita pravRtti vistRta ane sarva dezI janaprema ane janasevAmAM dhIme dhIme vilaya pAmI gaI. paraMtu kensTanaTAinanA samaya pachI saMsthAne itihAsa tapAsatAM AvI mAnyatAnuM kAraNa maLatuM nathI. sArvatrika bhrAtRbhAvanI kharekharI paNa kAMIka maMda lAgaNuM remanA sArvabhauma rAjyamAM kayAranI upajI gaI hatI. khristio te pitAnA dharmavALAne ja kharekhara cAhatA hatA; anya dharmanA badhA mANaso izvaranA dhikkArapAtra hatAM, ane muA pachI dekhanA duHkhamAM teo niraMtara saDyA karavAnA hatAM. tethI karIne svAbhAvika rIte ja bIjA keIne khristio sAthe banatuM nahi, kAraNake khristionA mata pramANe teo brAMta hatAM ane tethI nItimAM ke buddhimAM teo game tevA guNavAna hoya paNa te nakAmuM hatuM. kesTanaTAInanA samayamAM khuda bristi dharmamAM paNa eMzI ke nevuM zAkhAo thaI paDI hatI, ane teo eka bIjAne evI dhikkAratI hatI ke mAMhomAMhe. kajIA, kAna ane TaMTA puSkaLa thatA ane ghAtakI julama karatAM pAchuM vALI teo jatA nahi. nAnI nAnI bAbatonA matabhedane laIne temanAmAM vivAda uThatA ane zAkhAo paDatI; ane alekjhAMDiyAnA vidharmIo temanI chokaravAdanuM upahAsa karatA. hajAro mANasanA prANa A TaMTAmAM jatA hatA. alekjhAMDiyAmAM saMta sirilanA anuyAyIo vizuddha ane buddhimAna hipezIone pitAnA eka devaLamAM ghasaDI gayA ane kamakamATI bharelI rIte tenuM khUna karyuM, e A arasAnI vAta ati prasiddha che. kosTAnTine palamAM paNa kevaLa avyavasthA hatI, ane ghaNuM karIne pUrvanA dareka zaheramAM julama ane trAsa varatAte hate. trIjA saikAmAM e ja jAlama ane trAsa vidhamIo upara paNa thayo hato. te samayanA lekhANamAM paNa ochI krUratA nahotI. pitAthI jUdo mata dharAvanArAone Astika leke asuro kahetA hatA. A duniyAmAM temanA upara paDatAM duHkha ane trAsa joI khuza thatA hatA, ane muA pachI te temane tethI paNa vizeSa duHkha paDavAnuM che ema kahIne ghaNI vida thatA teo

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kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 345 batAvatA hatA. Ama aneka rIte teo bIjAnI tIvra IrSyA karatA hatA. AvA khristiomAM sArvatrika bhrAtRbhAvanI vAta ja kyAM rahI ? paraMtu pazcimanA maTho jyAre buddhiviSayaka kartavyo bajAvavA lAgyA, tyAre kethelika dharmanI sarvoparI sattA lagabhaga sthApita thaI gaI hatI ane vivAdAtmaka utsAha kamI thavA lAgyuM hatuM. tethI sAhityamAM e saMsthAe anya rUpa dhAraNa karavA mAMDayuM, paNa temanA badhA graMthamAM maTha saMsthAnA jussAnI prabaLa chAMTa hatI. topaNa sAhityanA kSetramAM e saMsthAe potAnAM kartavyo kevI rIte bajAvyAM te ApaNe joie. prathama te vidharmI lekhakonA graMthe maThanI saMsthAe jALavI rAkhyA e kAma temaNe agatyanuM karyuM che. A graMtha paratve zarUAtanA dharmagurUomAM matabheda hato e vAta AgaLa ame jaNAvI che. keTalAka kahetA ke e graMthamAM kAMI sArUja nathI. ane temanA pratye tiraskAranI daSTi rAkhatA hatA. keTalAka kahetA ke e the evA sArA che ke temaNe yahudI graMthemAMthI corI karI hoya ema jaNAya che ane keTalAka graMthomAM daivI preraNA paNa jaNAya che. paraMtu A bane cheka virodhI abhiprAyane tajI daIne, pAzcAtya khristi saMsthAnI vyavasthA karanAra saMta ogasTAIne temanI yogya kiMmata AMkavA mAMDI hatI. tethI te graMthane mAna apAvA lAgyuM ane temane abhyAsa thavA lAgyo; ane aneka kAraNone lIdhe A dizAmAM pravRtti vadhavA lAgI. tethI karIne dharmagurUonAM dhArmika valaNa paNa pharavA lAgyAM. eka dharmagurUe te jAheramAM kahyuM ke "dehanA punarUtthAna'ne khristi siddhAMta te mAnato ja nahote, paNa jIvanA pUrva astitvanA pleTane siddhAMta te daDha rIte mAnatA hatA. khristi dharmane je siddhAMta saMsthAnA AgevAnone paNa AvI svataMtratA ApatA hatA, te jo cAlu rahyo hota to khristi dharmane ItihAsa ghaNo badalAI jAta. paraMtu romamAM pratyAghAtane pavana utpanna thayuM. nirAsaka melane siddhAMta pAcho manAvA lAge; dharmanuM aDaga ane sajajaDa svarUpa bAMdhavAne prayatna thayo; buddhimAna saMta gregarI A hIlacAlane netA thaye; ane rAjyavyavasthA ane dharmamAM pAzcAtya

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346 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa. mahArAjya juduM paDayuM; jaMgalIoe caDAI karI ane pachI te khristI thayA. ityAdi aitihAsika banAvone lIdhe kethalika namune pAche sapari thayo. jaMgalIonI caDAIo pachI lAgavA mAMDelA AMcakAnA samayamAM, dharma sivAya sAhityanA kSetramAM anya pravRttine lagabhaga lepa thayo, ane maThamAM mAtra saMtanAM jIvane ane upadezAtmaka bhASaNe ja lakhAvA lAgyAM. yurepamAM vidharma graMthane abhyAsa lagabhaga baMdha thaI gayo, ane ebIlArDanA yuktivAda ane dharma-yuddhonI pachI banelA banAvathI jyAM sudhI sAhityanuM punarUjajIvana thayuM nahi tyAM sudhI evI ja sthiti cAlu rahI. A arasAmAM lATIna bhASA pavitra gaNAvA lAgI eTalIja sevA vidhamAM sAhityanI kethalika saMpradAye ghaNuM karIne karI che. sAhitya paratve jIjJAsAnI kevaLa gerahAjarI hatI e eTalAthIja siddha thAya che ke grIka bhASA sAme paNa lagabhaga koI jotuM nahi. lATIna bhASAmAM paNa uttama graMthane abhyAsa thato nahi; tenA lekhake te narakanI ugra javALAmAM prajavalita thatA hatA. maThanA sAdhuo pitAne paMDita-manya mAnatA, ane vidharmI lekhake pratye mAnanI dRSTi temane rahetI nahi. vaLI pRthvIne kALe kALe pralaya thavAnI mAnyatAne lIdhe vyAvahArika jJAnanI kAMIpaNa apekSA teo rAkhatA nahi. keTalAka sAdhuone evo rivAja hato ke jyAre teo munivrata letA tyAre temane varachala, heresa athavA evuM bIjuM kaI vidhamAM pustaka jovAnI IcchA thatI tyAre kUtarAnI peThe pitAne kAna khaMjavALatA, kAraNa ke temanA vicAra pramANe vidharmIone kUtarAnI upamA ja yogya hatI. evuM kahevAya che ke keTalIka vakhata yuropamAM pustakazALAo mAtra maThamAM ja hatI. ane tethI karIne vidhama pustakanI hastalikhita prate tyAM ja jatI hatI, paraMtu e uparathI ema siddha thatuM nathI ke je maDe nahota te evI pustakazALAo astitvamAM ja Avata nahi. sAdhuo kavacit kavacita hastalikhita pratonI nakala karavAnI mehenata karatA, paraMtu prAcIna carmapitro uparathI keTalAka lakhele bhAga bhusI nAkhavAnI paNa mehenata teo karatA ke jethI karIne pitAnI kathAo tyAM dAkhala karI zakAya; vize karIne pAchalA samayamAM evuM banatuM hatuM.

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 347 chatAM te kALanA sAhitya jIvanamAM keTalAMka sauMdarya paNa hatAM. ane cIna samayanA lekhakanA jIvanamAM je cIDIApaNuM, utAvaLa, atiparizrama, ghaNuMkharAM ucca jIvanane nirAza karatI ghaNI jAtanI ciMtAo ane temanA jIvanane bhraSTa karatI kIrtinI uzkerAelI lAlasA, jovAmAM Ave che, temAMthI kAMI te samaye lekhakonA jIvanamAM nahatuM. vyAkaraNanA pravRttimaya jIvananI ciMtAothI rahita thaI maThamAM zAMtithI sAdhuo abhyAsa karatA ane lakhatA hatA, nizaMka mane dharmane artha ja pitAnuM jIvana teo gALatA hatA. vizvanA praznanuM nirAkaraNa temanA manane thaeluM lAgatuM hatuM, kIrtinI IcchA temane bilakula nahotI; mAtra pApa-mocananA teo ItijAra hatA, ane anya duniyAmAM sArA badalAnI AzA rAkhatA hatA. sAhitya ane dharma vacce ke saMpa hato te darzAvanArI aneka daMtakathAo che. eMgla sekSana prajAno prathama meTAmAM moTo kavi sIDamana thaI gayuM che. tene mAlama paDayuM ke vyAvahArika jIvananuM gAna karavA tenI zakita kAmamAM AvatI nahotI. paNa svapnamAM koI Akatie ene "sRSTinI utpatti' gAvAnuM kahyuM tyAre tenI kavitva zakti khIlI nIkaLI ane pachI te moTo kavi thaI paDyo. eka pAdarI ghaNoja durAcArI hatI ane teNe asaMkhya pApa karyA hatAM, paNa dharmanuM eka moTuM pustaka teNe lakhyuM hatuM ane tenA akSaro tenA pApa karatAM saMkhyAmAM saheja vadhI javAthI narakamAM jato e bacI gayo. spenamAM eka chokare bhaNavAthI kaMTALI bApane gherathI nAsI gaye, ane rakhaDatAM rakhaDatAM eka yuvAne kAMThe jaIne beThe, kuvA upara pANImAM teNe uMDA lIsoTA joyA. eka che karI pANI bharatI hatI tene eNe e bAbatane khulAse pU. chokarIe kahyuM ke vAraMvAra dora ghasAvAthI e cheda paDyA che. chokare vicAra karyo ke jyAre narama doraDAthI kaThaNa pANe paNa ghasAI jAya che, tyAre lAMbI khaMtathI tenI buddhinI jaDatA paNa bezaka jatI rahe ja. A vicArathI ene pastAvo thayo, pAcho ghera gayo ane bhaNavAmAM pravRtta thayo. ane moTo saMta e thaI paDe. eka saMtanA muA pachI vaza varSe tenI kabara kholI te tenuM AkhuM zarIra khavAI gayuM hatuM

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348 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. paNa je hAthe kalama jhAlI hatI te te tene tevo ja rahyo hato, ItyAdi aneka kathAo sAhityamAM hiMmatathI ane vizuddhithI jIvana gALatA manuSyanI gaNanA dharma-vIramAM thatI. paraMtu AvI vAtothI ApaNe bhUlAvAmAM paDavAnuM nathI, kemake kethalika saMpradAyane sarvoparI kALa manuSyanI buddhinA ItihAsamAM ekaMdare ghaNo ja khedanIya nIvaDe che. upayogI ane unnatipreraka abhyAsa kaI karatuM nahi, ane khristi AlamanI saghaLI zakti dhArmika viSayanI uhApohamAM ja khacAtI hatI. ketholika saMsthA je kahe te sacoTa gaNatuM hatuM, tethI vahemanAM jhuMDa ubhAM thayAM ane te muMDa jJAnanA mArgamAM aMtarAya rUpa thayAM. koI hiMmatathI tapAsamAM pravRtta thatuM te tenA upara jAdu ane pAkhaMDanA tohomata AvatAM hatAM. kevaLa aMdhazraddhAmAM ja sarvottama sadAcAra gaNata hato; ane zaMkA ke prazna karavAnI Teva, niSpakSa abhiprAya bAMdhavA mATe vicAra ke vilaMba karavAnI prakRti, vivAdanA viSayamAM banne pakSanuM sAMbhaLavAnI IcchA ane avivekI pUrva-valaNamAMthI buddhine mukta rAkhavAnI vAta, pApa rUpa gaNatAM hatAM. zaMkA ane bhUlane pApa gaNavAnI mAnyatA sArvatrika thaI gaI, ane A vehema ghaNoja aniSTakAraka nIvaDyo che emAM koI zaka nathI. hakIkatanI bhUla tapAsathI sudhare che; zodhakhoLanI paddhati onI bhUla paNa dhIme dhIme pheravI zakAya che; paNa mananI je vRtti tapAsa ne pApa rUpa gaNI tenAthI hIne nAsatA phare ane zaMkAnI avasthAne gunAnI avasthA gaNe te mANasanA manane jabaro roga che ane lAMbA kALa paryata khase nahi e hoya che. A pramANe yurepanI buddhimAM eka moTo roga peTho; ane jyAre keLavaNInI vAta mAnA hAthamAMthI vizvavidyAlayanA hAthamAM gaI, jyAre musalamAnI vijJAna zAstrone pracAra thayo, ane jyAre buddhi-svAtaMtrya ane audyogika kALanI svataMtratA AvI, tyAre ja dharmanI dhajA heThe paDI ane yuropanI buddhi nirogI thaI pAchI sajIvanatA pAmI.

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 348 madhyakALanA buddhiviSayaka aMdhakAranuM je citra ame upara ApyuM che te alabatta viSAdamaya che. paraMtu keTalAka lekhake A madhyakALanA yuganAM vakhANa bhArebhAra kare che. A viSayanI lAMbI tapAsamAM utaryA sivAya te lekhakenI be traNa bAbatamAM bhUla thAya che te batAvavAnI ame rajA laIe chIe. yuropanuM saghaLuM jJAna lAMbA vakhata sudhI maThomAM praviSTa rahyuM hatuM e vAta bezaka sAcI che. ane A hakIkata uparathI evuM anumAna kADhavAmAM Ave che ke je A saMsthAonuM astitva na hota te A jJAnane taddana nAza ja thaI jAta. paNa A anumAna sAva sAcuM nathI. vidharmI mahArAjyanA samayamAM duniyAnA moTA bhAga upara buddhimaya jIvana prasarI gaeluM hatuM. misara ane eziyAmAInora sudhArAnAM moTAM kendrasthAna thaI paDayAM hatAM. grIsamAM hajI paNa vidvattA rahI hatI. pena, gAla ane briTana paNa pustakazALAo ane zikSakethI bharelA hatA. ghaNAM zaheronI zALAo paNa prasiddha hatI. Ama buddhinI pravRtti caMcaLa hatI ane ThekANe ThekANe zALAo ane zikSake hatA. lATIna sAhityanI AvI vistRta pravRtti pratikULa saMjogomAM paNa ekadama baMdha thaI jAta ema mAnavuM kevaLa hAsyajanaka che. tethI dhAre ke kethalika saMpradAya ThAmuke astitvamAM ja Avyo na heta, te manuSyanA mana anya pradezamAM saMcarI vikAsa pAmata; ane vadhAre nahi te chevaTe prAcIna khajAnAne thoDeka bhAga paNa anya rIte jaLavAI raheta. tethI karIne prAcIna kALanA jJAna-bhaMDArathI kevaLa ajJAna te ApaNe na ja raheta. bahu te maDa-saMsthA sAhitya-graMthanI saMrakSaka thatI hatI, paNa utpAdaka nahatI. pavitra sthaLa gaNAtAM hovAthI te aMdhAdhunInA samayamAM graMthanuM saMrakSaNa maThAmAM thatuM hatuM, ane dharmanI ekatAne lIdhe khristi pradezamAM vicAronI Apa le chUTathI thatI hatI. e badhuM kharuM; paraMtu sAhityanA kSetramAM dharma sivAya anya pravRttimAMthI manuSyanA manane eNe kevaLa vALI lIdhuM ane kene kevaLa hAjI hA kahenArA zraddhAvAna banAvI mUkayA e nukasAna maThanI saMsthAe moTAM karyo che.

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350 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. vaLI keTalAka evI dalIla kare che ke keTalAka saikAo paryata mahA buddhimAna purUja mahAna dharma-zAstravettA hatA; tethI kethalika dharma ke jeNe evA samartha purUSone upajAvyA hatA te je na thayuM hota te jagata gADha aMdhakAramAM vyApta thaI jAta. A dalIla paNa hAsyajanaka che. eka kedIe pitAnI AkhI jIMdagI aMdhArI oraDImAM gALI hatI, ane dIvAlanI eka taDamAMthI ja mAtra prakAzanuM bhAna ene thatuM hatuM. tethI te ema dhAravA lAge ke je AkhI dIvAla jatI raheze te e taDa paNa enI sAthe jatI raheze. ane tethI eTale prakAza paNa Ave baMdha thaI jaze. upalI dalIla paNa AnA jevI ja che. madhyakALane kethalika saMpradAya dharma sivAya anya abhyAsanI avagaNanA karI tene dAbI dete hatA, ane buddhimAna dharma gurUne dravya, AbarU ane sattA Apate hate. eTalA mATe, svAbhAvika rIte ja buddhimAna purUSo ene sAMpaDatA gayA; paraMtu ketholika dharma Avyo nahota to paNa e purUSa te hayAta ja raheta ane anya dizAmAM pravRtti karata. buddhinA kSetramAM madhyakALanA kethalika saMpradAye svataMtra pravRtti kAMI ja karI nathI ema amAruM kahevuM nathI. mahAna naitika ke dhArmika utsAha hamezAM buddhimAnanI buddhine kAMIka jAgrata kare che, ane maThanI saMsthAomAM amuka prakAranI buddhine khIlavavAnI khAsa yogyatA hatI. saMta Tomasa ekivanAsa ane tenA anuyAyIonA graMthe ane beneDiTAina saMsthAnA sAdhuonI vizALa ane pavitra vidvatA temane mAna apAve evAM che. paraMtu navAInI vAta eTalI ja che ke sAhityane dIpAve evA asaMkhya mANasanI hAjarI e saMsthAmAM hatI chatAM, ane saMjoga ane sthitinI saMpUrNa anukUlatA hatI chatAM, prAcIna manI bhASA ke sAhityanA sAmuM teNe joyuM nahi ane manuSya jAtanA saMgIna jJAnamAM kAMI vadhAro karyo nahi. vaLI A vAta paNa kharekhara lakSamAM rAkhavA jevI che ke je kALe kethalika saMpradAyanI sattA atyaMta saMpUrNa hatI tyAre paNa, keTalAka mahAna kAryo je thayAM

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kansTanaTAinathI zArlamena hatAM te kAM te dhArmika vagaranAM vidhI thayAM hatAM ane kAM to tenI bahAranAM hatAM. rejara bekana ketholika dharmanuM ja prANu gaNatuM hatuM, paNa jamAnAnA valaNanI virUddha thaIne kudaratanA abhyAsamAM e pravRtta thayo; tethI caida varSa ene kedamAM rahevuM paDayuM hatuM, ane muA pachI ene jAdugara TharAvavAmAM Avyo hato. kimiyAnI pravRttine lIdhe athavA musalamAnanA uttejanane lIdhe madhyakALanI rasAyana zALAo ubhI thavA pAmI hatI. hokAyaMtra, pheDavAne dArU, ane cIMtharAmAMthI kAgaLa banAvavAnI zodha thaI hatI, paNa te kaI sAdhue karI nathI. dArUgoLAnI mAhIti prathama musalamAnene hatI. I. sa. 1338 pahelAM yuropane tenI khabara nahotI. maThanI saMsthAo te tarkazAstranuM svarUpa khIlavavAmAM ja kuzaLa hatI. zAMta ane mehenatu paNa ghaNuM karIne parIkSA karavAmAM kevaLa kAcA evA ghaNuM vidvAno temaNe upajAvyA che. paraMtu vyAvahArika jJAnane bhoga Apa e uttama vAta che e upadeza teo ApatA hatA; sRSTi taMtrane kevaLa khoTa vicAra teo lekenA mana upara ThasAvatA hatA; ane aMdhazraddhA ane akSamA ke je manuSyanI buddhine viSarUpa che temanI Teva lekamAM pADavAno prayAsa karatA hatA. vaLI keTalAka ghaNIvAra ema kahe che ke kethalika saMpradAya sudhArAmAM vina rUpa thaye che e vAta kharI; eNe julama ane trAsa paNa ghaNe karyo che e vAta paNa kharI, chatAM eka kALe jamAnAthI ghaNe AgaLa te hatuM ane tethI manuSya jAtane ghaNo buddhi viSayaka lAbha thayo che. have A vAtamAM satyAMza che e ame pote ghaNIvAra bula karyuM che. paNa madhyakALamAM je siddhAMta temaNe pracalita karyA hatA temanA Avazyaka pariNAma ja A trAsa ane julama hatAM. tethI e siddhAMtanA ekaMdara pariNAme dhyAnamAM levAM joIe. keTalAMka jhera evAM hoya che ke jemanI asara muA pahelAM duHkhane e chuM karI zarIramAM zAMti prasarAve che. paNa jhera aMte jhera ja nIvaDe che. A zAMtine svIkAra karavAmAM aDacaNa nathI, paNa tenI kiMmata keTalI ApavI paDI che te vAta paNa vicAramAM levAnI che. sArI ane

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35ra yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. narasI ema jyAM be vAte sAthe ja joDAelI hoya che, tyAM narasIne paDI mUkI sArIne ja vakhANavI e bhUla che. e be vAtane chUTI ja pADI zakAya nahi. buddhinA vikAsane kethalika saMpradAya pratikULa hatuM e vAta Ama siddha thAya che. tethI karIne agatyanAM naitika pariNAma paNa AvyAM che. madhyakALanI bhoLI aMdhazraddhAne lIdhe satya prati bedarakArIne janma thayo. dharmagurUo asaMkhya banAvaTI daMtakathAo leke samakSa mUkavA lAgyA ane leke te mAnavA lAgyA. Ama dharmagurUomAM ja satyano prema rahyo nahi, ane tethI satyanI kiMmata lekamAM paNa rahI nahi. je jamAnAne niSpakSa vicAranI kiMmata nathI, tene thoDA ja kALamAM kathananI yathArthatAnI kimata rahetI nathI; ane jyAM aMdha-zraddhAne khAsa sadAcAra gaNavAmAM Ave tyAM jUDa upara durAcAranuM kalaMka lAMbo vakhata rahetuM nathI. vaLI jyAM lekanI data mAnyatA evI hoya ke pitAnA dharmamAM ja mokSa che ane saghaLAM pApamAMthI e dharma temane mukta karI zake ema che tyAM potAnA dharmanI khAtara je kAMI karavAmAM Ave temAM pApa hoya ja nahi evo abhiprAya tarata ja baMdhAI jAya che. Ama pite mAnelA satyanI khAtara satyano prema teo khoI bese che. nIti dharmanI dAsI banI jAya che ane dharmanI khAtara jU huM belavAno bhaya raheto nathI. bIjuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke gunA peTe dravya ApI pApamAMthI mukta thavAne pracAra paNa maTha-saMsthAomAM agrasthAne Avyo. hRdayanI vizuddhine lIdhe prathama vidhamIonA dharmamAM ane khristi dharmamAM mukhya bheda paDate hato. sAmAnya rIte vidhamIomAM dharma-sevA ane nItine kAMI saMbaMdha nahote. ati duSTa mANasa paNa dhArmika kriyA karI zako ane bakSIsa ke baLIdAnathI devane rIjhavavAno prayatna karate. paNa khristi dharma kaheto ke hAthamAM devane mATe senAnuM chatra hoya paNa peTamAM pApa hoya te tethI zuM phaLa thavAnuM hatuM paraMtu paisA ApIne pApathI mukta thavAnI vidhamanI bhAvanA dhIme dhIme pAchI sajIvana thaI ane maThanI saMsthAomAM

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kesTanaTAinathI zArlamena sudhI. 353 bahu baLavAna thaI paDI. sakhAvatamAM khristio mazahura hatA. ane tethI "eka gaNuM dAna ane sahastra gaNuM puNya" jevA siddhAMtane sabaLa upadeza gurUo ApavA lAge to temAM navAI nathI; ane lebhI ane ajJAnI mANase upara AvI svArtha gaNatrInI asara prabaLa thAya che temAM paNa Azcarya nathI. evuM kahevAya che ke Ijhiyasa nAmane eka mANasa khristi te thaye, paNa ahIM dharmAdAmAM kharacelAM nANuM tyAM maLatAM haze ke kema? tene ene bahu zaka raheto. tethI sinezyasa nAmanA dharmagurUne traNaseM senA mahA dharmAdA karavA eNe ApI paNa tenI pahoMca eNe lIdhI, ane muA pachI e pahoMca potAnA hAthamAM mUkavAnI bhalAmaNa karI te marI gayo. traNa divasa pachI sinesthasane svapnamAM AvI eNe kahyuM ke IzuM khriste tenuM deNuM patAvI dIdhuM che, ane tenI pahoMca enA maDadAnA hAthamAM kabaramAM che. kabarane kholI jotAM pahoMca maLI AvI ane phAragatI paNa bhegI hatI. lekenI AvI lAgaNathI maThanI saMsthAone puSkaLa vArasA maLavA lAgyA. vaLI maThanI milkata upara kara vigerene bojo nahoto. tethI maThanI mikta vadhI paDI. paNa tenI eka bIjI asara paNa thaI. karanA bhAre bajAmAMthI mukta rahevA sAdhuonI sAthe goThavaNa karI mANase pitAnI milkata mane nAme caDAvavAnuM kapaTa karavA lAgyA. vaLI sAdhuo garIbonA saMrakSaka gaNAtA hovAthI garIbane ApavAne badale maThamAM ja leke ApavA lAgyA. saMtanAM smAraka cihane ke camatkArika zakitavALI pavitra pratikRtie maThamAM ja rahetAM hovAthI kenAM ToLe ToLAM AvI tyAM saMtanA AzramamAM rahetAM. mAMdagI, bhaya, zaca ke pazcAtApanA samaye maThamAM nANAM apAtAM hatA ane badalAmAM saMtanI kRpAnI viragata thatI hatI. ane moTA meTA gunAnI mAphI bharatI vakhate moTuM dAna ke vAraso ApIne maranAra kharIdI letA hatA. A vehema e vakhate pracalita hate. eka mahAna itihAsakAra kahe che ke khristi dharmanA prAthamika ItihAsanI traNa svataMtra avasthA joI zakAya che. prathama avasthAmAM e dharma

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354 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. --~~~~~-~~- mAM nItine praTana hatA; bIjI avasthA ke je pAMcamA saikAmAM zire, biMdue pahoMcI hatI temAM AstikatAne prazna hata; ane trIjI avasthA ke je sAtamA saikAthI zarU thAya che temAM mane bakSIsa ApavAne pra"na hata. khristidharmanA bhera AgaLa ane jaMgalIonA humalA pachI lekenI ajJAnatAnA lIdhe pAkhaMDanA pachADa ane taraphaDIo have adazya thaI gayAM hatAM; ane chaThThAthI bAramA saikAnA lagabhaga saMpUrNa aMdhakAramaya samaya sudhI pazcimamAM kethalika saMpradAya sarvopari pade rahyo hato, ane tenI sAme cuMkecA thaI zake ema nahotuM. pAkhaMDane parAsta karavAmAM AgaLa vaparAte utsAha have dravya ekaThuM karavAmAM vaparAvA lAge; ane upara kahelA prakAre saMsthAnI samRddhi ghaNI vadhI gaI. dharmane jhuDe jamAvavAnuM kAma have sAdhu, sanyAsIone rahyuM nahotuM; ane paiso te puSkaLa hatuM, tethI teo vilAsI ane durAcArI thavA lAgyA. mULathI ja A sAdhuone moTo bhAga dhamanI tIvra lAgaNI ke prabaLa vairAgyavRttine lIdhe sanyAsI thaye nahote, tethI lAga maLatAM teo pitAnuM brahmacarya-trata khaMDita karavA lAgyA; ane paisA laI le ne pApathI mukata karavAne baMdha teo laI beThA; ane tethI saMsthAmAM samRddhinI relachela thaI rahI. A zocanIya citramAM kavacita sArI rekhAo paNa dekhAya che. AIrIza. sAdhuo lekenuM kharAba rIte meLaveluM nANuM levAnI nA kahetA hatA; ane uMcA prakAranI keTalIka maTha saMsthAo yuropamAM kaI kaI sthaLe hatI; ane paisA ApIne gunAmAMthI bacI javAnI vAtane niMdanArI keTalIka daMta kathAo paNa upajI hatI. paraMtu ekaMdare dharmagurU lUMTaNayA hatA ane leke vehemI ane bhoLA hatA. IMglAMDamAM pepanI vAraMvAra paisAnI mAgaNIthI ghaNo jusso phelAyo hato, ane tene lIdhe ja pipathI svataMtra thavAnI prabaLa IcchI IglAMDane thaI hatI. pITarano pensa " e nAmano kara laIne be pipie IglAMDane AyaraloDa upara caDAI karavAne paravAno Apyo hate. dharma sudhAraNAnA AgalA saikAmAM maThanI samRddhine lIdhe temAM anAcArane trAsa atyaMta vadhI paDe hate. anAcAra vadhavAthI

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kensTanaTAInathI zAlamena sudhI. 355 pApa muktine arthe saMsthAne nANuM vadhAre maLatuM gayuM ane pApa-kSamAnI ciThThIone gera upayoga lyutharanA baLavAnuM prathama kAraNa hatuM. paraMtu te pahelAM ghaNuM saikAo sudhI maThanI saMsthAonAM saphaLa chaLakapaTa cAlu rahyAM hatAM. dharmanI dhAstI batAvI e saMsthA paiso bhege karatI ane Ama khristi prajAonI samRddhine meTe bhAge saMsthAnA khajAnAmAM cAlyo gayo. dharmanI dhAstI paratve ketholika siddhAMtanAM mukhya lakSaNe spaSTa hatAM. teo kahetA ke te saMsthAnI bahAranA badhAM mANasa narakanI niraMtara javALAnA bhoga banI asahya duHkha bhogavaze, ane paralokanAM tIvratama duHkhanI pAse A duniyAnAM atyaMta tIvra duHkha paNa kAMI hisAbamAM nathI. mAnI saMsthAe A niSphara vAta upADI lIdhI ane kathAo dvArA tenAM tIvra citra ApavA lAgI. jaMgalamAM pharatAM pharatAM saMta mekeriyase eka khoparI joI. eNe pitAne daMDa ene mAryo eTale khoparI bolavA lAgI. "khristi dharma AvyA pahelAM huM vidharmIone dharma gurU hatuM. have ame badhA AkAza jeTalI uMcI agninI javALAnuM asahya duHkha narakamAM bhogavIe chIe. amArI pIThapITha bAMdhI amane duHkha devAmAM Ave che, tethI eka bIjAnuM maha paNa ame joI zakatA nathI. bIjuM te rahyuM, paNa ame eka bIjAnuM ahIM mAtra joI zakIe evI prArthanA tame kare te ghaNuM sAruM, ke amane eTale dIlAse te maLe." ItyAdi, pachI te sAdhuonA udyogathI pratyakSa darzananuM AkhuM sAhitya ubhuM thayuM; ane marelA mANase narakanAM duHkha joI pAchAM AvI temanuM varNana karavA lAgyAM. eka sTIvana nAmanA mANasanuM mRtyu bhUlathI thaI gayuM; ane narakane bAraNe jatAM bhUlanI khabara paDI, paNa naraka jevAnI ene rajA maLI. tethI eNe naraka joyuM ane te pAcho Avyo tyAre bIje divase bIje sTIvana marI gayo. narakane daravAje javAlAmukhI parvata hatA, ane eka sAdhue narakamAM romanA eka pAdazAhane je hato. paraMtu AthI paNa vizeSa bhayAnaka ane atyaMta kamakamATI upajAve evuM narakanuM citra teo ApatA hatA. narakanI madhyamAM lAlacoLa sAMkaLathI jakaDIne setAnane

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356 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNano ItihAsa bAMdhyo hato. tenI cIsothI AkhuM naraka tharatharI jatuM hatuM, paNa tenA hAtha chUTA hatA ane tethI zApita chene pitAnA dAMtathI drAkSanI peThe chuMdI nAMkhI e khAI jato hato ane pitAnA dhagadhagatA gaLA vATe temane pAchA bahAra kADho hato. keTalAka jIvane pizAce vArApharatI agnimAM ane baraphamAM boLatA hatA, keTalAkane temanI jIbhathI laTakAvI rAkhatA hatA; keTalAkane baherI nAkhatA hatA, ityAdi ityAdi. A badhAM citromAM haDahaDatuM jUThANuM ane IzvaranI niMdA che e kahevAnI jarUra nathI. tyAre paraloka paNa ApaNI sRSTinA je jaDa ryo dayALu Izvara zuM evAM duHkha detA haze !! paraMtu AvAM citrothI saikAo paryata manuSyanAM mana duHkhita ane vyathita thayAM hatAM. pAkhaMDI pelejIyasa vinA saghaLA khristio ema mAnatA hatA ke AdamanA kAmathI pRthvImAM duHkha ane mota sajA rUpe pedA thayAM che. pRthvIne nAza pAse ja che ema sAmAnya rIte sai mAnatA hatA; ane mAthe paDavAnAM du:khanI kaMI kaMI kalpanA karatAM hatAM. kethelika gurUo narakanAM bhayAnaka citro ApI e kalpanAne saceta rAkhatA, ane nabaLAI ke mAMdagInA prasaMge mANase setAna ke pizAcane sAkSAta jatAM hatAM. khristionI kamaLAvALI AMkhane AkhI duniyA zApita ane Izvare tarachoDelI lAgatI. eka gAmaDIA chokarAe saMdhyAkALanA zAMta samaye prazna ryo ke dRSTi-maryAdAnI nIce jato sUrya rAta kema dekhAtuM hatuM ? tene javAba maLyo ke e samaye sUrya narakamAM najara nAkhato hato mATe. TuMDelanA pratyakSadarzanamAM ema varNavyuM che ke bIjAone narakamAM duHkha pAmatAM joIne te bolI uThaH "aphasosa, svAmI ! meM je vAraMvAra sAMbhaLyuM hatuM ke duniyA prabhunI dayAthI bharapUra che temAM tyAre zuM satya ?" je leke vidharmIonA dene IrSyAkhora ane kAmAsakta kahI temanI eka samaye niMdA karatA hatA te ja loke pitAnA Izvarane manuSyanI atyaMta kruratA karatAM paNa vadhAre krUra kahe ane citare e paNa eka nItinA ItihAsamAM

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kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI, 357 ati ajAyabInI vAta che. asaMkhya mANasa narakanI javALAnuM duHkha niratara bhogave, ane te paNa vaLI ghaNuMkharA te pitAnA gunA mATe nahi paNa pitAnA bApadAdAe karelI bhUlane mATe, athavA adhyAtma-zAstra ke ItihAsanA guMcavADA bharelA praznamAM pitAnA bhUla bharelA vicAra mATe te vAta kharekhara ghaNI krUra ane geravAjabI che. evA dharmamAM nItine pAyo udhe vaLI jAya che. dharmane e siddhAMta kAI samaju mANasa svIkAre ja nahi, kAraNa ke evA siddhAMtamAM AnaMda mANato mANasa pizAcI hevAnaja thAya che. chatAM pITara laMbAI kahe che ke IzvaranA priya mANasene ja anya dharmanuyAyIo narakamAM kevAM duHkha bhogave che te najare jevAne prasaMga maLe che; ane temane thatA duHkhamAM IzvaranuM vera hovAthI nyAyI mANasa te jovAmAM AnaMda ja mANaze. pitAnA dharmane anusarIne dareka bAbata spaSTa karI ApavAnuM je gheluM pAMcamA saikAomAM dharma gurUone lAgyuM hatuM tenA pariNAme svarga ane narakanAM A pratyakSa darzane astitvamAM AvyAM che. vaLI tapimaya ane ekAMtika jIvananI bhramaNane lIdhe paNa sAdhu sanyAsIone evAM darzane thatAM; ane vaLI jANI joIne lokone chetaravA gapo paNa bahu haMkAtI. paraMtu dharma upajAvelI A tIvra dhAstImAMthI chUTavAne upAya paNa veheme batAvI dIdho hato. eka taraphathI duSTa pizAce hayAta hatA, te bIjI taraphathI phirastAo paNa hayAta hatA. te viSe maTha ke devaLamAM jaI chUTe hAthe bakSIsa Apo ane tamAruM rakSaNa karavA gurU sAheba samartha che, evI aneka vAta kahevAmAM AvatI hatI. Ama eka taraphathI dharma gurUo dharmane nAme lekanA manamAM tIvra dhAstI upajAvatA hatA, ane bIjI taraphathI te dhAstIonuM nivAraNa karavA pite samartha che ema samajAvatA hatA. khristi dharmane AvI rIte jaDa banAvI devAne pracAra keTale badhe vadhI gayo hate te jemaNe madhyakALanuM sAhitya tapAsyuM che temane mAlama che. sArAMza ke aneka rehema vadhI gayA hatA ane tarehavAra camatkAro gurUo batAvavA lAgyA hatA, ane leke te mAnavA lAgyA hatA. vidharmIonA dharma je

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358 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. ja khristidharma pate ja aneka devavAdI ane mUrtipUjaka have banI ra hato. upara kahelAM aneka kAraNone lIdhe pAdarI varganI sattA ane samRddhi vadhI paDayAM, ane teo sarvopari sattA bhogavavA lAgyA hatA. temanI sAme thAya evuM kAI rahyuM nahi, ane badhI jAtanI keLavaNI temanA hAthamAM AvI gaI. yurepanAM jJAna ane kaLA A dharmamAM garaka thaI gayAM, ane divya, padavI ane lazkarI sattA paNa tenA kabajAmAM AvI; ane yukita ane vyavasthAthI AkhA yuropa upara eNe potAnI sattAnI jALa pAtharI dIdhI. uparAMta apUrva caturAIthI pitAnI saMsthAnuM te dharma rakSaNa karato hate. dareka zaMkAne te pApa gaNata, ane je kaI saheja paNa zaMkA ke prazna kare te narakanuM ati bahAmaNuM citra tenI samakSa te raju karate; tethI zaMkA karanAranI kalpanA tharatharI jatI hatI. ajJAnatA ane vahemanA AvA jamAnAmAM je zuravIra purUSoe AvI jALamAMthI mukta thavA himata karI hatI ane ApaNuM jJAna ane svataMtratAne pAye rakhe te temane mAthe aneka duHkha paDyAM hatAM ane te ApaNe samajI zakIe chIe. paNa temanA aMtaramAM A saMsthAe strI vedanA upajAvI haze tene khyAla Ave paNa ApaNane muzkela che. paraMparAthI cAlyA AvatA vicArene tajI devAmAM pApa che, temanA svataMtra vicAra to chaLa karatA pizAcanI uzkeraNInA pariNAma che, ane evI zaMkAspada dazAmAM je enuM mRtyu thayuM te narakanAM tIvratama duHkho temane mATe taiyAra ja che; AvA AvA upadezathI pitAne kevaLa ekalA paDI gaelA te mAnatA.kaI virUddha saMsthA paNa nahotI ke tene Azraya laI te purUSa pitAnA mananuM sAMtvana kare. mAnuSI pApane lIdhe mRtyu thAya che, IzvaranA verane lIdhe duHkha thAya che ane saghaLA kudaratI banAve IzvaranA chUTaka chUTaka camatkAre che; AvA AvA dhArmika vicAronuM khaMDana karatuM vijJAnazAstra ane aitihAsika vivecana paNa te vakhate astitvamAM AvyAM nahotAM. jyAM juo tyAM ene aMdhazraddhA ja prasarelI lAgatI hatI ane dharma gurUnI dhamakI temanI samakSa satat rahetI. AvA vakhatamAM buddhinI svataMtratA jALavI rAkhavAnuM kAma keTaluM

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kensTanaTAinathI zArlamena sudhI. 359 vikaTa ane vedanAkAraka thaI paDatuM haze tene atyAre khyAla Ave paNa ApaNane kaThina che. agIAramA, bAramA ane teramA saikAmAM kubera nAmanA phreMca leke kiMvA kavioe A naraka darzanenuM upahAsa karI jana-sevA sArI hatI. tathApi vidharmIonA sAhitya ane musalamAnI dharmanA AvA ucharI AvelA svataMtra vicAranI sahAya vinA kethalika dharma grasta karelA yuropanI buddhinAM A baMdhana tUTata ke nahi e zaMkA paDatI vAta che. zekha, AbAdI, sAhityanuM punarUjajIvana, seDa nAmanI laDAIo pachI dharma gurUo varganI paDatI, ane dharma-sudhAraNAthI ketholika saMpradAyanI astavya statA, ItyAdi kAraNone lIdhe naraka-darzananI mAnyatA dhIme dhIme nirbaLa thaI naSTa thaI gaI. paraMtu eka bIjA siddhAMtathI pAdarI vargano paiso vadhavA pAmyo hato, ane temAM paralokamAM pApa-nivAraka sthaLanI janA hatI. keTalAMka mANase svargamAM jAya evAM sadAcArI nathI hotAM, ane narakanuM niraMtara duHkha bhogave evAM durAcArI paNa te nathI hotAM temane mATe paralokamAM evuM eka sthaLa hoya che ke jyAM temanA pApanuM nivAraNa thatAM teo zuddha thAya che; A siddhAMta hAlamAM paNa keTalAka mAne che. ketholika matamAM A pApanivAraka sthaLanI yojanA hatI. paNa te khristione mATe ja hatI. anya dharmao te badhA narakamAM ja javAnA hatA. paraMtu A pApa-nivAraka sthaLanI yojanAthI khristione paNa koI jAtane dIlAso maLavAne saMbhava nahote, kAraNa ke dharmagurUo kahetA ke game tevA pApane mATe paNa narakamAMthI koIne mukata karAvavA teo samartha hatA. mAtra bakSIsa joIe. paiso tyAM prabhu. vaLI A pApa-nivAraka sthaLamAM paDatA duHkhanuM evuM te citra teo ApatA hatA ke te duHkha kalpanAne narakanA duHkha karatAM paNa vizeSa lAgatuM hatuM. A sthaLanAM paNa pratyakSa darzananI vAto sAdhuo kahetA hatA ane tenI kalpanAne trAsa upajAvatA hatA. bIjuM besavuM hoya te bele, paNa ATaluM te tamAre

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360 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. svIkAravuM ja paDaze ke khristio pitAnuM kArya karavAmAM bahu kuzaLa hatA. potAnA priyatamane gumAvI beThelI vidhavA hajI te revA kakaLavAmAMthI mAthuM paNa uMcuM karI zakatI nathI tevAmAM A gurU jaI kahe ke e raDe che daramyAna tene dhaNuM narakanI javALAmAM bahu duHkhI thAya che ane. ane gurUne paisAnI bakSIsa ApatAM te chuTI zake ema che; te temAM kevI kuzaLatA che te vAMcanAre pote ja vicArI levuM. A badhA dhArmika rUpAMtara remanA rAjyanI paDatIthI te zArlamenanA samaya daramyAna thayA hatA; ane e samaya daramyAna lekenI nIti kevI hatI tene vicAra karavA besIe chIe te prathama muzkelI e Ave che ke te samayane vizvAsapAtra ItihAsa maLatuM nathI, tathApi lekhakenA lekha uparathI jaNAya che ke sAtamA saikAnA prathama ardha bhAgamAM ane tenI AgaLanA be saikAmAM rAjyamAM geravyavasthA ane julama ghaNe thato hato. iTAlImAM vidharmIonI rUDhIo ane Tevo pAchI kAMIka dAkhala thaI hatI, paNa gelanA jaMgalI lake kAMI sudharyA nahotA. dharmagurUo paNa durAcArI thaI gayA hatA. teo akarAMtIA banI khUba khAtA ane upara dArU DosI dhArmika kriyAo karatA. eka dharmagurUe pitAnA tAbAnA pAdarInI khAnagI milkata mAgI; ane nA pADatAM ene jIvatAM dATI devAne eNe hukama karyo. prArabdhanA yoge kabaramAMthI te chaTakI zakyo hato, paNa tenI rADabarADanuM pariNAma mAtra eTaluM ja AvyuM ke pelA dharmagurUne saheja kapake maLyo. - dharmagurUo adhama rAjAonI khuzAmata karatA hatA ane rAjAo julama karatA hatA. bruneha nAmanI rANInI khuzAmata mahAna gregarI dharmagurU paNa kare; ane te rANune julama paNa trAsadAyaka hate. hathIAra paNa dharmagurUo vAparatA ane rAkhatA. ochAmAM ochuM eka khUna paNa na karyuM hoya e kaI rAjA nahoto. ane khUna paNa rIbAvI rIbAvIne trAsadAyaka rIte thatuM. eka dharmagurUne kAMTAnI pathArI upara suvADIne dUra dezanikAla karavAmAM Avyo hato. eka rAjAe baLavo karavA mATe

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konsTanaTAinathI zArlamena sudhI. 361 pitAnA dIkarAne, tenI vahune ane tenI dIkarIone sAthe jIvatAM bALI mUkyAM hatAM. rakhene tenA rUpathI rAjA mohita thaI jAya evI dhAstIthI tenI rANue pitAnI sAvakI dIkarIne DubADI mArI nAMkhI hatI. eka dharmagurUe eka garIba mANasane tenI strI sAthe vyabhicAra karavA mATe paraNe gharamAMthI kADhI mUkya, paNa te mANase e bannene mArI nAMkhyA. eka rAjakumAra pitAnA gulAmane agnithI rIbAvI gamata karate. eka dharmagurUnI strIne aneka strIone ane purUSone tapAvelA lAlacoLa leDhAthI zarama bharelI rIte rIbAvavAnI Teva hatI. buneha rANune trAsa Ape evI rIte mArI nAMkhavAmAM AvI hatI. chatAM eja jamAne amuka arthamAM ghaNe dhArmika hati. sAhityanI pravRtti mAtra dharmamAM hatI. dareka jAtanA pAkhaMDane tvarAthI nAza thato hato. gurUo ane pAdarIo tAlevaMta thayA hatA. keTalAka rAjAo paNa sAdhu thayA hatA, ane ghaNA mANase saMnyAsI thatA. e vakhate itihAsakAre paNa nItinI tulyanA kevI karatA hatA te eka daSTAMtathI spaSTa thaze. kalavisa nAmane rAjA Astika khristi thayo. galanA eka bhAgamAM eka bIjo rAjA eriyasa matane anuyAyI hatA. tenA upara dharmane nhAne caDAI karI enuM rAjya eNe jItI lIdhuM. kala visa rAjya lebhI hato. tene eka sage sidhabarTa tene mitra hato ane svataMtra rAjA hatA. tenA chokarAne caDAvI sidhabarTane eNe mArI naMkhAvyo pachI A chokarAne paNa gupta rIte marAvI nAkhI enA rAjyane kalavisa dhaNI thayo. dhIme dhIme pitAnAM badhAM sagAne mArI nakhAvI AkhA gelane e dhaNI thayo. mAtra pitAnAM bAIDI chokarAMne eNe jIvatA rAkhyAM. chatAM saMta gregarI nAmane lekhaka A rAjAnAM bhArobhAra vakhANa karI kahe che; "AstikAnI sahAyamAM Izvara hamezAM rahe che; ane pAkhaMDIone te sakhata ane krUra zikSA kare che. kalavisa Astika hovAthI AbAda thayo hate; ane elerika pAkhaMDI hatuM, tethI pitAnuM rAjapATa e khoI beThe;

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362 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ane muA pachI narakamAM gaye." vahemanuM AvuM rAjya te samayamAM cAlatuM hatuM. zAlemene kAyado karyo hato ke lenTa (mArcamAM) nA apavAnA divasamAM je mAMsAhAra kare tene dehAMta daMDa de. sekSamAM paNa e kAyade hote, pola lekamAM evA gunegAranA dAMta pADI nAkhatA hatA. chatAM AvA vahemanA samayamAM paNa maThanI saMsthAothI keTalAka lAbha thayA hatA. julamagAranA trAsathI trasta thaelAne tyAM nirbhaya Azraya maLato hate; jaMgalI lazkarIonA baLa sAme sAdhuonuM vajana paDatuM hatuM; lekanA hRdaya upara eka prakAranI dhArmika chAyA paDatI ane tethI AcaraNamAM kAMIka kAmaLatA AvatI hatI; ane pitAnA dAkhalAthI ghaNA prakAranI zAMta mahenata karavAnA sAdhuo rastA batAvatA hatA. temanI kIrti sAMbhaLI leke saMtanI jAtrAe jatA hatA, paNa jyAre te saMtanuM sAdu jIvana teo jetA ane aneka prakAre temane mahenata karatAM teo jetA, tyAre mahenata majurI karavAmAM zarama nathI evo vicAra temane upajyA vinA rahetA nahi. vaLI keTalAka divasone sAdhuo pavitra gaNatA ane te divase mehenata karatA nahi. A vAta majura vargane ghaNI kiMmatI thaI paDI. ravivAre amuka vakhate prabhunI prArthanA thatI. amuka amuka divase keIe kAMI kAma karavuM nahi e kensTanaTAIne kAyade karyo hato. thiyoDeziyase te divase sArvajanika tamAsA baMdha karyA hatA. Ama ravivAre ane tahevAroe rajA paLAtI thaI. te divase kAma kare tenA upara daivIkApa thavAnI ane tene roga thayAnI ke tenuM mRtyu thayAnI camatkArika AkhyAyikAo paNa kahe vAtI. atyaMta aMdhakAramaya samayamAM paNa sakhAvata te vacce ja jatI hatI. keTalAka sAdhuo duHkhInI dAjha jANa temane bahu sahAya karatA hatA. pArisanA dharmagurU saMta jaramenase baMdIvAne choDAvavAmAM bahu prakhyAti meLavI hatI. Ama e jamAnAmAM je ke naThAruM ghaNuM hatuM; paNa thoDuM ghaNuM sAruM paNa sAthe hatuM. paraMtu bririta dharmane phelAvo karIne je janasevA temaNe karI che te ghaNI kiMmatI che. dharmane phelAvo karanArA A sAdhuone pravAha prathama

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kensTanaTAInathI zAlamena sudhI. 363 pelesTAIna ane iTAlImAMthI nIkaLyo. A kAmamAM AvelaDanA sAdhuoe AgaLa paDato bhAga lIdho che. yuropamAM jyAre kevaLa aMdhAdhunI cAlatI hatI tyAre A sAdhuoe deza dezamAM pharI khristi dharmanI jamAvaTa karI dIdhI. paraMtu te samayamAM arthAta remanuM rAjya asta pAmyuM tyArathI te zArlamenanA samaya paryata yuropamAM ekaMdare vehema ane durAcAra ghaNuM ja vadhI paDayAM hatAM. chatAM A aMdhAdhunImAMthI paNa navIna samAjanAM bIja ApaNane maLI Ave che; ane temAMthI dharmayuddho, jAgIra-saMsthA ane zaurya-saMsthA janma pAmyAM. A vAta kema banI te have ApaNe joIe. A hIlacAlamAM be vAta samAelI hatI, khriti dharma ane laDAyaka jusAnuM saMmizraNa; ane vyAvahArika padavIne mATe vadhatI jatI pUjya buddhi. khristi dharma prathama laDAyaka dhaMdhAnI kevaLa virUddha hato ane atyaMta vAjabI laDAImAMthI paNa pAchA pharelA sipAIone keTaleka sabhya vizuddhi ane prAyazcita karyA vinA prabhu bhojanamAM e saMsthA bhAga levA detI nahi, khristi dharmanA moTA moTA AgevAne A vAtanA himAyatI hatA. DAyo kilaziyananA eka sipAie briti hevAnA sababe laDavAnI nA pADatAM tene dehAMta daMDanI sajA thaI hatI, ane keTalAka kahe che ke khristi dharmane A siddhAMta tenA upara thaelA julamanuM eka kAraNa hatuM. chatAM khristio dhIme dhIme lazkaramAM dAkhala thavA lAgyA hatA ane konsTanaTAInanA samayamAM moTe bhAge lazkara khristi hatuM. te paNa dharmagurUo te dhaMdhAne uttejana ApatA nahi. svadezAbhimAnI zuravIrane vidharmIe namunArUpa nara gaNatA hatA paraMtu kethalika kathAone saghaLA sadAcAra tapavRttimAM samAI jate hato, tethI saMnyAsIne teo uttama gaNatA hatA ane tethI sipAIo sAdhu thaI jatA hatA. dhArmika ane sadAcArI thavAthI vyAvahArika prasaMgomAM paNa Izvara vacce paDI ApaNane phateha apAve che. evI mAnyatAne lIdhe laDAyaka dhaMdhAnA nikaTa saMbaMdhamAM dharma prathama Avyo. tethI karIne koI agatayanI laDAImAM

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314 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. phateha meLavavA rAjAe khristi thatA hatA. kensTanaTAIna ane kalavisane daDha zraddhA hatI ke laDAImAM aNIne samaye temane daivI sahAya maLI hatI ane tethI ja teo khristi thayA hatA. AvI mAnyatAne lIdhe khristi dharma jaMgalIomAM prasarI gayo hato te ApaNe jANIe chIe. tethI laDAyaka dhiMdhAnI virUddha bolavuM have khristi dharmane pAlave tema nahotuM. vaLI uttara taraphanI laDAyaka jAte khristi thaI, paraMtu navA dharmamAM potAnA jUnA vicAra teo letI AvI hatI. vaLI remanA rAjyanI paDatI pachI rAjya vyavasthAmAM aMdhAdhunI cAlatI hatI. deTA phrisAda ane jhapAjhapI ghaNI thatI hatI, ane baLIyAnA be bhAga e nyAye nyAya thato hato. vaLI rAjAo pitAnA moTA moTA saradArone jamIna ApatA hatA; ane badalAmAM laDAIne vakhate lazkarI sahAya mAgatA hatA. jAgIranI AvI vyavasthAne anusarIne pAchalA jamAnAmAM ghaNA dharmagurUo ane maThAdhipatio paNa pitAnAM mANasone laI laDavA jatA hatA. A pramANe laDAIne dhaMdhe AbarUdAra gaNavA lAgyo; ane khristio tene mAthe je kalaMka mUkatA hatA te dhIme dhIme dhevAI gayuM. tathApi ekaMdare khristi dharma salAha zAMtine cAhanAro ja rahyo hato, ane tethI laDAIne uttejana ApI vadhAro nahi. chatAM eja dharma kraseDa nAmanAM dharmayuddho karavA kema taiyAra thaye tenuM bIjuM kAraNa che. A dharma yuddhonuM mukhya kAraNa musalamAnI dharmane dAkhalo ane teNe upajAvelI bIka hatI. kalpanA upara asara karatA citro ke pratikRtionI sahAya vinA, dharmagurUonI vizALa ane bArIka vyavasthA vinA, ajJAnIo ane jaMgalIone kevaLa vizuddha ekezvaravAdane upadeza karate, ane ekadare bahu uMcA prakAranI nItinuM zikSaNa Apato, A IslAmI dharma tvarAthI phelAI gayo; ane pitAnA anuyAyIonAM mana evAM te eNe vaza karI lIdhAM ke bIjA koI dharma evAM vaza karyo nahi hoya. kevaLa AsthAthI mokSa maLe che e siddhAMta eNe khristi dharmamAMthI lIdhe. ane svarganAM

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kesTanaTAIthI zArlamena sudhI. 365 Idriyajanya sukha ane mehinIo tathA narakanAM tIvra duHkhonuM evuM te sacoTa citra te Apato ke tethI lekanAM mana upara bahu asara thatI hatI. tenuM kurAna bIjA dharmanA pustaka karatAM utaratuM hovA chatAM lAkho mANasane temAMthI dIlAse ane AdhAra maLyA che. tenA prArabdhavAdathI tenA anuyAyIo ghaNuM bahAdura thatA ane anivArya duHkhanA bojAthI dabAI javA chatAM dhIrajathI te sahana karatAM zIkhatA. vaLI dharma bhAvanA ane zairya bhAvanAne ati nikaTa saMbadha te dharma ye hato. tethI karIne mArIne paNa AkhI duniyAne musalamAna karavI e pravRtti zarU thaI. dharmane mATe laDatAM maraNa thAya te svarga maLe evI dRDha mAnyatAthI Araba laDavaiyA duniyAne vijaya karavA nIkaLI paDyA, ane mahamada pagabaranA mRtyu pachI eka saikAmAM te pUrvanAM rAjyane eNe mahAta karyA. khristi dharmane pitAnA mULa vatanamAMthI lagabhaga hAMkI kADhaye; eziyA ane AphrikAmAM moTAM moTAM rAjya sthApyAM. spenamAM alpajIvI ane videzIya paNa uttama sudhAre re, romanA pUrva taraphanA rAjyanI rAjadhAnIne bhaya bharelI sthitimAM lAvI mUkI, ane eka ja laDAImAM teo hArI gayA nahota to madhya yuropamAM paNa temanI sattA jAmI jAta. paraMtu piITIarsanI laDAImAM cArlsa mATele temanA vijayanA pravAhane teDI pADe, ane TayuTonika jAto ke jemaNe vAraMvAra pitAne dharma badalAvyo hatuM ane jemanA upara vadhArAnA pravAhane bahu AdhAra hato te jAto je islAma dharmanA vijaya vAvaTA nIce AvI gaI hatI te yuropanuM zuM thAta tene vicAra karavo have nakAme hatA, paraMtu A paristhitithI khristi dharmamAM paNa eka meTa pheraphAra thaI gayo. khristionI laDAyaka ane vahemI jAtane jue pAcho tAje thaye, ane musalamAnI dharmane pavana khristi dharmamAM peThe, ane dharma ane abhimAna Ama khristi dharmamAM bhegAM thaI gayAM. tethI je IslAma dharma temanA dharmane ATaluM apamAna ApyuM hatuM, je dharma temanA dezane pAyamAla karyo hato ane temanA pavitra zaherane bhraSTa karyuM hatuM tenI sAme laDavA teo taiyAra thaI gayA. mahamada

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yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. pagabara zarIrane svarganuM vacana Apo, to khristi dhamAdhyakSo anugraha ciThThIo ApatA. musalamAna sAme laDAI karavI e kartavya che ema lagabhaga base varasa sudhI khrisita pradezamAM manAyuM hatuM, ane tenA pariNAme zaurya ane saMnyAsane ekatra karI khAsa vargo utpanna thayA. paraMtu khristi dharma atyAra sudhI je pitAnI komaLatA ane salAha zAMtinA valaNane vakhaNAta hatA te vAta have jatI rahI. * khAnagI laDAIe ane teramA saikAnI AkharamAM ThaMda yuddhano pracAra thaye tene aTakAvavAmAM khristi gurUo kAMIka saphaLa thayA hatA e vAta kharI, paNa dharmanA jhanunane uzkerI dharmane nAme je khunakhAra laDAIo ane trAsa khristi dharma upajAvyo che te mAtra IslAma dharmathI ja utarato. che. hAlamAM je salAha zAMtinA vicAro prasarelA che tenuM kAraNa audyogika pavanane udaya che ane temane dhArmika lAbho sAthe koI saMbaMdha nathI, ane keTalIka bAbatamAM te temanI vacce virodha paNa che. paraMtu je ke khristi dharma dhamadha banI ghaNI laDAIe karAvI che ane tethI zaya, aMTasa ane veranI vRttione ghaNI uttejIta karI che e vAta kharI, tathApi laDAIomAM thatI krUratA ghaNI ochI karAvavAnuM khare. kharuM lAbhaprada kAma eNe karyuM che. chatAelI prajAne jUdA jUdA jamAnAmAM judAM judAM dhoraNothI sajA karavAmAM AvelI che, ane A mata bhinnatva nItinAM svAbhAvika pratyakSanA siddhAMtanI virUddha jAya che ema keTalAka dalIla kare che. A dalIla yathArtha nathI ema prathama prakaraNamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che. manuSyamAM buddhine prathama udaya thAya che tyAre svArtha ane krUratA karatAM niHsvArtha ane paropakArane te vadhAre uttama gaNe che. paraMtu A parepakAra vRttine upaga kayAM ane tenI sAthe kare tene nirNaya samAjanA sAmAnya saMjoge karI Ape che. arthAta paropakAra vRtti te manuSyamAM che ja, paNa tenuM dhoraNa jamAnAnA vicArathI baMdhAya che. A dhoraNa sudhAre vadhatAM dhIme dhIme sudharatuM jAya che. A pramANe grIka leke grIkane gulAma karatA nahi, paNa jaMgalIone ja gulAma banA

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 367 jarA vigere tAbe kharAthI zAMti hovuM vatA hatA. chatAelA lekone mArI nAkhavAne vijetAne hakka gaNo hato. grIka lekee ane remana lekAe AkhAM zaheranAM zahera bALI mUkI tenA badhA rahevAsIonI nirdaya katala karyAnA dAkhalA paNa maLI Ave che. laDAImAM pakaDAelA kedIone jaMgalIo mArI nAkhatA hatA; prAcIna kALane sudharele jamAne temane gulAma banAvatA hatA, paNa temAMthI ghaNuM kharA taravAranA prANaghAtaka khelamAM mRtyu pAmatA hatA. te samayamAM paNa kavacita dayAnAM kiraNe najare paDe che. pleTa kahe to ke grIka kedIone amuka rakama laI choDI mUkavA joIe. remamAM kaI paNa vigrahanuM vAjabIpaNuM bahu bArIkIthI tapAsAtuM hatuM. sisero vigere kahetA ke laDAInuM prayojana aMte salAha zAMti hovuM joIe. je prajA ke lazkara remanI sattAne tAbe khuzIthI thatAM temanA upara remanA leke dayA rAkhatA hatA. keI zaheramAM pitAnA elacInuM apamAna thatuM, athavA vizvAsa bhaMga ke krUratAnuM kAMI khAsa kAma ke zahera karatuM, te remanA leke te zaherane jamInadosta karI zaherIone kApI nAkhatA; sivAya laDAIne trAsa teo varatAvatA nahi. khristi dharmanI asarathI A bAbatamAM ghaNuM agatyanA pheraphAra thayA che. prathama te taravAranA prANaghAtaka khele baMdha thayA ane tethI hajAro kedIonA prANa bacavA lAgyA. vaLI kedIone gulAma banAvavAnA rivAjane niraMtara te dharma vaData, tethI dhIme dhIme saghaLAM rAjyamAM mAMhemAhe e niyama baMdhAI gaye ke kaI khristine gulAma kara nahi, paraMtu laDAyaka sadAcAranuM navIna daSTibiMdu upajAvIne e dharma ADakatarI rIte paNa asara karI che. zarIra purUSamAM baLa ane utsAha joIe ane sAthe saMtanI dInatA ane kamaLatA paNa joIe, e te dharmano upadeza hato. Ama dharma bhAvanA ane laDAyaka vRttino saMga thatAM sadAcAranuM eka navuM ja daSTibiMdu ubhuM thayuM, ane tenI asara arvAcIna samayanA sabhya gRhasthamAM paNa jovAmAM Ave che.

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318 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. vaLI je samayanI ApaNe vAta karIe chIe temAM vyAvahArika padavinI pratiSThAnAM bIja paNa ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. A pratiSThA pAchaLathI zorya saMsthA rUpe, rAjAonA daivI haka rUpe, ane amIra varganI pUjanIyatA rUpe, ItihAsamAM dekhAva de che; ane tenAM bIja paNa zAlamenanI pahelAMnA samayamAM ApaNane pratIta thAya che. sTaIka matanA aMtanI sAthe romanI svataMtratA tadana naSTa thaI ane bAdazAhI amala jAmyo e vAta ApaNe jANIe chIe. A pheraphAranAM kAraNe janasvabhAvanA sAmAnya niyamomAM ja rahelAM che. jyAM lekenI zakitao jJAnathI vikasita thaelI hotI nathI evA samAjanI prAthamika avasthAmAM rAjAnuM rAjya svabhAvika rIte ja thAya che; paNa sudharelA samAjamAM rAjAnuM rAjya rega rUpa che ane tenA upara aMkuza na hoya te e rega phelAI javAnuM temAM valaNa raheluM che. jyAre svataMtra prajA rAjakIya kartavya karavAM cheDI de, tyAre te prajAmAMthI svataMtratAnI IcchA ane zakti ane dhIme dhIme jatAM rahe che, ane te prajA nirbaLa ane bhraSTa thatI jAya che, kAraNa ke prajA jIvatA prANInA jevI hoya che te AgaLa na vadhe te tene pAchaLa haThavuM ja paDe che. " khristi dharma mUMge meMhe rAjasattAne tAbe rahevAnuM kahetA hatA, paNa rAjakIya bAbatomAM caMcaLa bhAga le nahi. tethI rAjakIya svataMtratAnI naSTatA eNe tvarita karI. paraMtu dharmanI bAbatamAM pitAnI svataMtratA eNe sAcavI rAkhI hatI. rAjA Izvara che e vAtanI te dharma nA pADatA. tathApi, je rAjA pitAnA dharmane anukULa hoya tene phirasta kahI gurUo vakhAsutA hatA ane pratikULa hoya tene pizAca kahI niMdatA hatA. kalavisa rAja lebhI ane pApI hatI, ane kensTanaTAIne khristi thayA pachI pitAnA dIkarAne, strIne ane bhatrijAne mArI nAkhyAM hatAM, chatAM temanA vakhANuM khristio karatA; ane jyuliyana sadAcArI ane udAra hatA, paNa bristi nahotuM tethI teo tenI bhAre niMdA karatA, ane tenA mRtyune utsava tarIke gaNI jAhera rIte pitAne AnaMda jaNAvavAnI nAlAyakI paNa

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kesTanaTAInathI zAmena sudhI. 369 -~-~~-~ temaNe dekhADI hatI, ane saMta gregarI te tyAM sudhI paNa bolyo hato ke enA mRta dehane gaTaramAM pheMkI nathI devA e joI ene dilagIrI thAya che. vidharmIo te ema paNa kahetA hatA ke juliyana laDAImAM zatrunA hAthathI muo nahote, paNa pitAnA ja briti sipAIonA bhAlAthI mUo hato. A pramANe e samaye bristi dharmamAM potAnA lAbhAlAbhanuM ja dharaNa pracalita hatuM, ane ghaNuM saikAo sudhI e cAlu rahyuM hatuM. istabulanI gAdIe kAsathI vadhAre krara ane dhikkArapAtra ke zahenazAha thayo nathI. tenI AgaLane zahenazAha maurisa nirbaLa manane ane lebhI hato, paNa durAcArI nahote. paraMtu vaDA dharmAdhyakSanI sattAnI tene adekhAI AvI ane pite briti hovA chatAM dezanA bacAvanI khAtara khristi dharma virUddha teNe valaNa batAvyuM hatuM. A mArisane padabhraSTa karI zakAsa rAjA thaye. mArisanAM pAMca bALakane tenI samakSa kekAro mArI nakhAvyAM, ane pachI merisane paNa eNe mArI nAkhyo. chatAM khristionI najaramAM phakAsa ghaNe sAre ane mArisa ghaNe naThAre hato. rAjAonA saMbaMdhamAM vastu-paristhiti pUrvamAM ane pazcimamAM keTaloka samaya bhinna bhinna hatI. pUrvamAM bAdazAhI sattA dhIme dhIme sarvoparI thaI paDI ane pAdarIo aMte te sattAne AdhIna rahevA lAgyA hatA. paraMtu pazcimamAM dharma gurUnI sattA rAjAthI svataMtra thaI hatI ane vakhate dharmagurUo rAjAnA lAbhanI virUddha paNa varatatA hatA. romanI mULa bAdazAhI sattA IstaMbulamAM jaIne rahI; ane tethI temanA dharmagurUo romamAM AgevAna thayA, ane pipanI sattA jAmavAnuM A paNa eka meTuM kAraNa hatuM. vaLI romanA ghaNA zahenazAhe eriyasa matanA hatA; bIjA keTalAkane dharmanI vadhI paDelI sattA racatI nahi; keTalAka pAkhaMDIone satAvavAmAM utsAha batAvatA nahi, ityAdi kAraNone lIdhe kalaha thavA lAgyA hatA. tethI khristi saMsthAnI lAgaNI zahenazAha pratye rahetI nahi. gelamAM paNa

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370 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. rAjAo hAkemanA hAthamAM pUtaLA samAna thaI rahyA. AvI nirAzAsUcaka sthitimAMthI rAjAonA divya hakano siddhAMta ane zaurya-saMsthAnI sArabhUta sAmAnya padavI pUjA dhIme dhIme kema vikasita thayAM te have ApaNe joIe. jyAre AThamA saikAmAM zahenazAha lie pratimAonI pUjA badhA karavAne yatna karyo tyAre istaMbulamAM tenI sAme virodha te thayo paNa te tarata ja baMdha paDI gayo. paraMtu remanA vaDA dharmAdhyakSe hiMmatathI te zehenazAhane bahiSkata karyo, ane baLavAmAM AgevAna thaI pariNAme ITAlIne svataMtra karyuM. ane pitAnA buddhi kauzalya ane kAma karavAnI kunehathI dharmanI bAbatamAM AkhA yuropamAM tenuM uparIpaNuM jAmI gayuM. paraMtu hajI pipane ane rema temanA humalAthI jokhamamAM AvatuM. tethI pipe zarA pheMka konI madada mAgI. rAjamahelane vaDo hAkema te vakhate cArsa mATela hatA. teNe musalamAnone harAvI yuropane bacAvyuM hatuM. paNa teNe pipanI mAgaNI upara dhyAna ApyuM nahi. paraMtu enA mRtyu pachI enA dIkarA pepine pipanI sAthe karAra karI madada ApavAnuM vacana ApyuM. temAM evuM TharAvyuM ke pipane dhAstImAMthI pepine mukta kare ane pipe pepinane TrekanA rAjA tarIke kabula rAkhI temAM dharmanI bahAlI ApavI.galanI gAdIe te vakhate mereviMgIyana vaMzane rAjA hato. tene padabhraSTa karI pote ja rAjya bAvI pADavAnI pepinanI IcchA hatI. pariNAma e AvyuM ke lebA lekenI sattA pipine teDI revennAnI samRddhivAna hAkemI eNe papane ApI. AthI karIne papanI sattA bAIkeMTAIna rAjyathI jAhera rIte svataMtra thaI. bIjI taraphathI mereviMgIyana vaMzanA chellA rAjAne padabhraSTa karI maThamAM rAkhyo ane pipinanA mastaka upara pitAnA hAthe pape rAja-mugaTa paherAvyo ane tenI sAme agara tenA vaMzajo sAme je baMDa uThAve te saghaLAne eNe zApa Ape. have upalA karAramAM eka ati agatyane siddhAMta aMtargata rahela hato; kAraNake rAjAnI sattA tethI hamezane mATe pavitra gaNAvA lAgI. vaLI

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kensTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 371 rAjAne padabhraSTa karavAnI ke tene uMce darajaje caDhAvavAnI pipanI sattAne svIkAra thayo ane tethI popane evI sattA prApta thaI ke jenI asara yuropanA ItihAsa upara ghaNI thaI che. dharmagurUne tAbe kAMIka rahI jo rAjA varate te ghaNe aMze lekethI svataMtra rIte te varatI zakato hato. rAjA phakta Izvarano ja tAbedAra che e have dharmane sthApita siddhAMta thaI paDe; ane pavitra gaNAvAthI rAjAnI sattA vadhI paDI, ane A vehema hajI paNa pUrepUre nAza pAmyo nathI. paraMtu upalA karAranuM A rahasya je hajI bIjarUpe temAM raheluM hatuM te samayanA saMjogathI vikasita thayuM; kAraNa ke maThanI saMsthA A bIjanA vikAsane anukULa thaI paDI. maThanI saMsthA dInatA ane AjJAdhInatAnA sadAcArane sarvottama gaNatI hatI; ane aneka kAraNone lIdhe e saMsthAnuM jera yuropamAM vadhI paDayuM hatuM, ane tethI tenuM dRSTibiMdu sarvamAnya hatuM. tethI dInatA ane AjJAdhInatAne pUjavAnuM valaNa lokomAM pedA thayuM hatuM. A badhuM dharma-saMsthAne anukULa hatuM, ane tethI teNe paNa e vAta upADI lIdhI. pariNAma e AvyuM ke rAjA ane amIre pUjAvA lAgyA ane jAgIra-vyavasthAne vikAsa thayo. vaLI bIjI taraphathI sAmAjIka ane rAjakIya kAraNone lIdhe vyaktigata svataMtratA ochI thaI gaI hatI. rAjA je prathama mAtra potAnI jamAtane ja uparI hatI te have dezane dhaNI thayo; ane potAnA mukhya saradArane chavAImAM jamIna Apo ane badalAmAM lazkarI nokarI mAgata, dhIme dhIme A nekarI aphara thaI ane vaMzaparaMparA utaravA lAgI. samAjanI aMdhAdhunInA samayamAM nAnA jamInadAre dharma-saMsthAne Azraya letA; ane gaNota ke lazkarI karInA badalAmAM pitAnI jamIna te saMsthA pAsethI pAchI laI saMsthAnA kheDU banatA. bIjA keTalAka e pramANe karatA nahi, paNa pADozanA AMtaranA tAbedAra thatA athavA lazkarI nokarI ApavAnI zarate temanA rakSaNamAM rahetA. te ja samaye, ApaNe AgaLa kahyuM che tema, svataMtra kheDUo kheDU-gulAmanI dazAmAM rahetA. Ama kramavAra darajajA dhIme

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37ra yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, dhIme utpanna thayA. A kramanI kAyadApUrvaka saMpUrNa vyavasthA jAgIra-saMsthAnA kALamAM thaI. e kALanI sAthe A pustakane saMbaMdha nathI, paNa tenAM bIja zArlamenanA samaya pahelAMnA kALamAM hatAM. rAjA sivAya darekane ekabIjAnA saMbaMdhamAM avazya AvavuM paDatuM; ane tethI darajajAvALA mANasa meTo gaNavA lAgyo. - paraMtu samayanA saMjogamAM aMtahiMta rahelAM A bIjane AcaraNamAM mUkI pratyakSa karI batAve ane pitAnA AcaraNanI bhavyatA ane seMdaryathI lekenAM mana harI le evA daSTAMtabhUta purUSanI have jarUra hatI ane te khoTa sAlamene pUrI pADI. zArlamena ItihAsa ane daMtakathA banemAM prasiddha che. te sarvadezI hatA ane jIvananA badhA pradezamAM eNe sudhAro karyo che. yuropanA ItihAsanA atyaMta aMdhakAramaya yugamAM eno janma thayo hato, paNa A mahAna pAdazAhe pazcimanA rAjyanI naSTa kIrtine zeDo vakhata punaH sajIvana karI, pitAnI AsapAsanA jaMgalIo upara aneka caDAIo eNe karI, aneka kAyadA bAMdhyA, dharma-saMsthAnA dareka vibhAgamAM sudhAro karyo ane dharmagurUone pitAnI AjJAne AdhIna rAkhyA, paNa dazAMzanA kAyadAthI temane vadhAre paisAdAra banAvyA. vaLI eNe nizALo ane pustakazALAo sthApI hatI ane sAhityane e uttejana Apato hato. eNe TaMkazALe sudhArI, vepArane uttejana ApyuM, ane aneka jAtanA meLAvaDA karato. Ama aneka dizAmAM enI buddhinI pravRtti hatI. AgalA jamAnAmAM tamaya jIvana sarvottama gaNAtuM. have rAjA, yoddho ane zarIranuM jIvana sarvottama gaNavA lAgyAM, tapadhArIne jamAne have adazya thavA lAge ane dharma yuddho ane zauryane jamAne AvyuM. zAlamene dharmayuddhomAM bhAga lIdhe nahote. musalamAna sAme spenamAM laDavA te ekajavAra gayo hato ane temAM ene phateha maLI nahotI. chatAM zAlamene pitAnI AkhI jIMdagI dharmayuddhomAM gALI hatI evI aneka kathAo

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konsTanaTAInathI zArlamena sudhI. 373 lekamAM pravRtta thaI hatI. ane te batAvI Ape che ke have dharmayuddhone jamAne Avato hato. ItihAsa ane kalpitakathA banemAM zArlamenanuM rAjya madhyakALanA prathama samaya ane laDAyaka khristikALanA saMkrAMtikALe AveluM hatuM. ahIM ApaNe A ItihAsa pUre thAya che. ogasTasa ane zArlamenanI vaccenA kALamAM AcaraNanA aneka namunAnAM udaya-asta ApaNe joyAM. yuropanI vRttio remanA sAma rAjyamAM vistRta thaI ane grIsanA sudhArAthI baLavAna banI te ApaNe jANyuM. sToIkamata, pleTo-mata, ane misaranA tattvajJAnanI asarathI samAjanI nItinA valaNamAM kevA kevA pheraphAra thayA te paNa ApaNe jANyA. sAmAjIka ane rAjakIya jIvanamAM, kAyadAnA baMdhAraNamAM unnati ke avanati kevI thaI hatI, yuropamAM khristi dharmanI bAlyAvasthA kevI hatI, tenI phatehanAM kAraNe kayAM hatAM, kevI kevI muzkelIomAM eNe potAnuM kAma karyuM hatuM, ane temAM pare pakAra ane dayAnuM valaNa upajAvI kevI amUlya jana sevA eNe bajAvI hatI. A badhuM ApaNe joyuM. pachI tenI bhraSTatA, tenI tavRtti, ane tenI akSamA, ane jaMgalIonA saMbaMdhamAM AvatAM tenAM kevAM rUpAMtara thayAM, e paNa ApaNe joyuM. have A badhAMnI strInA cAritrya ane padavI upara kevI asara thaI hatI, ane strI-purUSane saMbaMdha ke have joIe eTaluM jANavAnuM rahe che. - prakaraNa 5 muM. strIonI padavI. - AgalAM prakaraNomAM nItinAM parivartanane je lAMbe krama ame darzAvyo che temAM amuka amuka lekemAM strIone kevI kevI padavI apAtI hatI ane strI ane purUSanA pAdharA saMbaMdhamAMthI ja kevA kevA sadAcAra ane

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374 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNano ItihAsa durAcAra upajI AvyA hatA te viSe isArA ekathI adhika prasaMge ame karyA che. paraMtu A praznomAM je aitihAsika agatyatA samAelI che te aitihAsika agatyatAnI dRSTithI A praznonA vivecanamAM adyApipayeta ame utaryA nathI. tethI karIne A graMtha samApta karyA pUrve e praznonI tapAsamAM DAMka pRSTo rokavAne amAro vicAra thAya che. je je aneka prazno hajI sudhI A graMthamAM cheDAyA che te sarvanA karatAM A prakaraNamAM cheDavAnA praznonuM spaSTa ane niSpakSapAta khyAna karavuM ghaNuM muzkelI bhareluM kAma che, ane vaLI AvA praznonuM bArIka khyAna karavAmAM nirlajajatAno Aropa mAthe Ave ane uparAMta koIne mAThuM lAge te vaLI jUduM, tethI A praznomAM uMDA utaravAnI AnAkAnI to manamAM ghaNI thAya che. koI khAsa saMsthAo ane saMjogenI prabaLatAe karIne, ane ame AgaLa sUcavyuM che te pramANe vizeSe karIne dezadezanI AbohavA ane jAtajAtanI khAsa khAsIaone laIne, prajAonA brahmacaryane prazna ghaNe guMcavADA bharele thaI paDe che e spaSTa che; ane nItinI A zAkhA paratve belavAmAM bArIka sughaDatAno ke prazna samAele che te paNa koIne samajAvavuM paDe tema nathI. tathApi itihAsakAranI prathama pharaja satya prati che; ane nItinI je zAkhA atyaMta rUpAMtara pAmelI ApaNe joIe chIe ane manuSyanA naitika vartana upara jenI asara ghaNuM karIne atyaMta thaelI che te zAkhAne khAsa lakSIne bolyA sivAya jUdA jUdA jamAnAnI naitika dazAnuM kharuM citra raju karavuM ane jUdA jUdA dharmonI naitika asarano kharekharo khyAla bAMdhavo e vAta azakaya che. kevaLa jaMgalI dazAnA samayamAM jyAre jIMdagInI sAmAnya avasthA rakhaDatI dazAnI hoya che ane jyAre laDAI ane zikAra chaMdagInA mukhya dhaMdhA hoya che tyAre AvI pravRttine aMge je je guNe Avazyaka hoya che te te guNonI kiMmata svabhAvika rIte ja te samAjamAM vadhAre aMkAya che. ane AvA guNemAM strIo bezaka utaratI hoya che, tethI karIne evA samayamAM strIonI padavI svAbhAvika rIte ja ghaNI utaratI ane halakI

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. kesTanaTAInathI zArlamena-sudhI. DAu5 gaNAya che. khAsa karIne komaLa ane milanasAra guNemAM caDI javAnI purUSo karatAM strIomAM yogyatA vadhAre hoya che, paNa jaMgalI dazAmAM strIonA A guNone bahAra paDavAne avakAza ja hetuM nathI. vaLI eve samaye saidayanI sattA ghaNu maMda ane nirbaLa hoya che, ane tema na hoya tepaNu jaMgalI jIMdagInI rakhaDapaTTI ane sastAdane lIdhe strIomAM suMdaratA paNa thoDI ja rahe che. tethI karIne evA jaMgalI samayamAM strIone gulAma tarIke ja gaNavAmAM Ave che ane temanuM kartavya purUSanA pazu-vikArane satevAmAM ja samAI jAya che. AvI dazAmAM, muMge meM-kAMI paNa sAmo pratyuttara vALyA sivAya, komaLatA ke premanA koI paNa zabdo sAmA na maLe te paNa purUSanI niraMtara sevA uThAvavAnI pharaja ja strIone bhAge rahe che, ane pazu vRtti saMtuSTa thayA pachI vRttiomAM je ekAeka pheraphAra jaMgalIomAM thaI Ave che te pheraphAra sahana karI levAnuM jokhama vAraMvAra temane rahe che. tethI karIne jaMgalI dazAmAM strIonI dazA adhama hoya che. tathApi kALa jatAM strIonI je nItibhAvanAo vikasita thavAne sarjita thaI hoya che tenAM keTalAMka bIjenI jhAMkhI A prAthamika dazAmAM paNa ApaNane thAya che. lagna saMsthAnuM astitva hoya che. sAmAnya rIte pAtivayanI kiMmata kAMIka aMze aMkAya che, ane je vyabhicAra kare tenI sAme gusse pradarzita thAya che. jo ke purUSane mAthe mAtra vyabhicAranI manAIne ja aMkuza hoya che, paNa strIomAM idriyanigraha ghaNe joIe evI sAmAnya mAnyatA hoya che. be vAtathI strIonI dazA ghaNuM karIne ucca sthitie pahoMcI che. strIonI kharIdI karIne temane patnI banAvavAnA rivAjano tyAga ane eka strI karavAnA dhoraNa upara kuTuMbanI racanA. sudhArAnI atyaMta prAthamika dazAmAM kanyAnA bApane paisA ApI purUSa potAnI strI meLavata, ane tethI strI potAnA patinI kharIdAelI gulAma thaI rahetI, kanyA vikrayanA A rivAjane prathamathI ja Arya zAstroe niMdya gaNyo che; tathApi

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376 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. kanyAvikraya thato Avyo che ane thAya che e aphasanI vAta che. yAhudI nA graMthamAMthI paNa kanyAvikrayanA dAkhalA maLI Ave che. lIha ane razelane pitAnI amuka prakAranI sevA uThAvIne te banne strIone jekabe kharIda karI hatI, ane strIone kharIda karavAnI A rasama je amuka kALe jyuDIAmAM sAmAnya rIte pracalita hatI te homaranA jamAnAmAM grIsa dezamAM paNa sAmAnya hatI. paraMtu vakhata jatAM A kharIdIne badale dAyajAne rivAja temanAmAM dAkhala thaye, arthAta vAparavA mATe pitA pitAnI putrIne paisAnI rakama sAthe ApavA lAgyo, ane A rakama je ke patinA hAthamAM ja jatI, paraMtu tethI karIne kuTuMbamAM strInI pratiSThA ane mAna vadhatAM, ane dhaNIdhaNIANIne je na bane ane chUTA paDe te e rakama strIne maLe evuM roma ane grIsanA kAyadAmAM khAsa TharAvyuM hatuM. A pramANe pati pitAnI patnI sAthe geravartaNuka na calAve tenI jAmInagIrI A dAyajAnA rivAjamAM rahetI hatI. prathama strI potAnA patinI gulAma ja gaNAtI te vAta have baMdha thaI gaI ane kAMIka aMze lagna, karAramAM ja e bhAgIdAra gaNAvA lAgI. asalanA jarmana lekamAM eka jUdIja jAtane ane ghaNe vilakSa rivAja pracalita hatuM. vadhu pitAnA patine dAyajAmAM kAMI paNa lAvI ApatI nahi, tema vara paNa kanyAnA bApane kAMI Apata nahi; paraMtu paraNetarane bIje divase savAre te pote ja pitAnI patnIne bakSIsa Apato hato, je bakSIsa "prAtaHkALanI bakSIsa" nA nAmathI oLakhAtI hatI. strIdhana kivA pallAnuM A mULa hatuM. paraMtu strIonI unnatinA ItihAsamAM upara kahI te karatAM paNa vadhAre agatyanI bAbata eka strI karavAnA rivAjanI che. A bAbatamAM eziyAnA sudhArA karatAM grIsane sudhAro prathamathI ja caDI jAya che, kAraNa ke grIsanA sudhArAe eka strI karavAnA rivAjane prathamathI ja vakhANyo hate. vizuddhinI vAta paratve A rivAjanI bAbatamAM be daSTie vicAra ApaNe karI zakIe chIe; eka te nItinI ApaNI sahaja bhAvanAnI dRSTithI ane bIjI, samAjanA zreyanI dRSTithI. nItinI sahaja

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strIonI padavI. 377 bhAvanAnI daSTie jotAM bahu strI karavAnA rivAja karatAM eka strI karavAne rivAja uttama che, kAraNa ke tethI karIne manuSyanA svabhAvamAM raheluM bhraSTa tava aMkuzamAM rahI maryAdita thAya che ane vaLI tethI kauTuMbika lAgaNIo keLavAI jIvana uccatara banatuM jAya che. samAjanA zreyanI dRSTie jotAM paNa te rivAja uttama che, kAraNa ke strI purUSanI saMkhyA kudaratamAM sarakhI hoya che, tethI eka purUSe eka strI paraNavI vAjabI che. vaLI tethI kuTuMbanI vyavasthA paNa sArI rahe che, ane e sthitimAM strInI padavI purUSanI samAna gaNavAno saMbhava vadhAre rahe che. paraMtu hemara ityAdi kavionA kAvyamAM pratIta thatA ane prazaMsAne pAmelA kAvya kALa athavA purANa kALa ane pAchaLanA aitihAsika kALa vacce ekaMdare phera che e vAta paNa ApaNe lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che. prAthamika ane aNaghaDa dazAmAM strIonuM sthAna bezaka dhaNuM uMcuM hatuM ane temanA namunAmAM ghaNuM uMcA prakAranI saMpUrNatA pradarzita thatI hatI e vAta ghaNuM vismayakAraka che ane ghaNA lekhake tethI guMcavaNamAM paNa paDI jAya che. sudhAro vadhatAM, naitika vicAre vistRta banI ucca dazAmAM rUpAMtara pAmyA che; paraMtu grIka kAvyomAM strIonI uttamatAnA je namunAo samAelA che te prAthamika hovA chatAM jagatanA sAhityamAM atyaMta suMdara ane saMpUrNa che ema kahevAmAM aDacaNa nathI. hekaTara ane eMmekIne dAMpatya sneha, dariyAI tephAnamAM sapaDAvAthI lAMbA kALa paryata TakatA pitAnA svAmInI kaMTALyA vagara rAha jetI penalepanI vaphAdArI ane te svAmI paNa penIlapane pitAnI jIvana derI gaNatA hatA te pitAne svAmI jIvate rahe eTalA mATe pitAnI aMdagIne paNa rAjI khuzIthI bhega ApatI esesaTisano atulya prema; pilIkSinA mRtyunI bhavyatA; ItyAdi aneka citro dvArA strIonA cAritramAM je bhavya seMdarya citrita thaeluM jovAmAM Ave che te rema ke khristi samayamAM je strI pUjA ke arvAcIna sudhArAnA samayamAM paNa bhavya gaNAya evuM che. kumArikAonI maryAdazIlatA ane paraNelInI vaphAdArI, saMpUrNa strItvanAM sadAcAra ane lAvaNya te samayanAM jevAM

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378 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. mane hArI ane AkarSaka keI paNa anya samaye citrAyAM nathI. purUSanA jeTalI ja strIo paNa pUjanIya gaNAtI hatI. TreyanA gherAne Akho itihAsa lagnagraMthinA maMgathI upajatI Aphatone ItihAsa mAtra che. chatAM, keTalIka bAbatomAM strIonI padavI halakI gaNAtI hatI. kanyAnA bApane kharIdInI rakama ApavAne rivAja sAmAnya hate. moTe bhAge purUSo rakhAta rAkhatA hoya ema jaNAya che ane temanI niMdA paNa thatI nahi. ucI padavInI gulAma strIo pratye ghaNuM sakhta vartaNuMka rakhAtI hatI. ane prajAnI utpattimAM strIne bhAga ghaNe naiNa che evI zArIrika zAstra sabadhI ghaNI vicitra mAnyatA te vakhate hovAthI strI jAtane ghaNI utaratI lekhavAmAM AvatI hatI. aitihAsika kALamAM strIonI padavI kAyadAmAM kAMIka keTalIka bAbatemAM sudharI hatI, paraMtu temanI naitika dazAmAM spaSTa bhraSTatA AvI gaI hatI. saddaguNa strIo sakhta janAne pALatI hatI. vArAMganAo strItvane mohaka namunArUpa gaNAtI hatI ane lekamatamAM purUSanI chUTa lagabhaga niraMkuza hatI. nItinA ItihAsamAM lAgaNanI hakIkato ghaNI ja agatyanI hoya che chatAM samajavAmAM te bahu ja muzkela hoya che. mANasoe zuM karyuM hatuM athavA ke upadeza temaNe Apyo hato te batAvavuM saheluM che, paNa cittanI je vRttithI te AcaraNa ane upadeza prerita thayAM hoya che te barAbara samajavAM bahu kaThina hoya che. buddhimAM tejasvI prajA kavacita nItimAM ghaNuM bhraSTa hovAne banAva itihAsamAM aparicita nathI; ane AvA ghaNuM dAkhala kAnsa ane iTAlInA ItihAsamAMthI maLI Ave che. paraMtu grIka kenI nIti-bhraSTatAmAM AzcaryakAraka tatva e hatuM ke loka-abhiprAya ane tatvaciMtake banne ghaNuM karIne e bhraSTatAne niMdya lekhatA nahi, eTaluM ja nahi paNa tene uttejana paNa teo ApatA hatA. sekreTisa ane thiyaDoTAno samAgama ItihAsamAM prasiddha che. grIka tattvavettAonI

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strIonI padavI. A naitika vRtti samajavAne mATe ApaNe lajajALa paNa agatyanI bAbatamAM utaravuM paDaze. manuSyanA svabhAvanuM mULa pApa viSayavAsanA che, ema khristi vRddho bhAra daIne vAraMvAra kahetA hatA. jJAnanI pragati pamaya jIvananI ghaNuM karIne viredhI hoya che, chatAM te paNa A dhArmika abhiprAya sAthe eka mata thAya che ke A vikAranuM kudaratI baLa manuSyanA kalyANane arthe jeTaluM joIe, tenA karatAM ghaNuM vadhAre hoya che. mAthusanA lekhothI siddha thayuM che-je vAtanI grIka nItivettAone ghaNuM maTe aMze mAhitI hoya ema jaNAya che ke dhoraNasara lagnanA ane saMyamavatI saMcArathI paNa, je badhA lagna karavA mAMDe te, vastI ghaNuM vadhI paDe che ane te vRddhi manuSyanI AbAdImAM ADe AvI aneka AphatanuM kAraNa thaI paDe che. ane jyAre jema bane tema lagna vahelAM karavAno Agraha spaSTa rIte kudarata manuSya jAta karatI jaNAya che, tyAre jyAM vastI vadhI gaI hoya che, tyAM AgaLa vadhatA sudhArAnuM prathama cihana lo upara aMkuza melavAnuM ke temanI saMkhyA ochI karavAnuM ja hoya che. atyaMta sudhArAvALA samAjamAM, viSaya-vAsanAnA prathama vikAsa samaye ja paraNavAno rivAja sAmAnya rIte heta nathI; ane vadhatA jatA jJAnamAM paNa evAM lagnonI saMkhyA vadhAre ane vadhAre ochI karavAnuM valaNa hoya che. vaLI lagna sivAya A vikAranI anya tRptinI virUddha nItivettAo game te bodha Ape, paNa A vikAranA baLane lIdhe mANaso anItimAM paDyAM vinA rahetAM nathI e paNa niHsaMzaya che; ane dareka prajAmAM, jamAnAmAM ane dharmamAM A geravartaNuMkanI bahu 2 najare paDe che, ane tethI karIne ja manuSyanI durdazA ane bhraSTatA paNa bahuM thaelI che. A praznane nikAla karavAmAM nIti zAstrakAranA lakSyamAM khAsa karIne vAta hoya che; je saMtAnane te astitvamAM AvyuM hoya tenA nibhAvane mATe kAMIka karavAnI dareka puruSanI svAbhAvika pharaja, ane briTana ane kudaSTithI kuTuMbanuM saMrakSaNa-kuTuMba ane rAjyanuM madhyabiMdu ane mukhya

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380 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. namune che, ane kauTuMbika jIvananI vizuddhi upara samAjanAM sukha ane nItine ghaNe AdhAra hamezAM hoya che, tethI kuTuMba-jIvana bagaDatAM A samAja saDavA lAge che. vaLI pati patnInA saMbaMdha ane snehane svabhAva ja khAsa karIne evo che ke temAM je koI anya vacce paDe che temAMthI ghaNuM anartha upaje che. vaLI saMtatinuM piSaNa karavAmAM dareka mANasane khAtrI hevI joIe ke pote ja tene pitA che. chatAM kAmavikAranI atyaMta prabaLatAe karIne evA ghaNu anartha banavAne saMbhava rahe che. AvA saMjogomAM eka ghaNuM ja zocanIya citra saMsAramAM ubhuM thaeluM che. je abhAgaNI strInuM nAma pADavuM paNa zarama bhareluM che, je daMDa peTe premanAM khATA ubharA batAve che ane viSaya-vAsanAnA mAtra bhejya sAdhana tarIke ja pitAnI jAtane samapI de che; strI jAtinA adhamamAM adhama aMga tarIke jene tiraskAra ane apamAna thAya che ane ghaNuM karIne rega, durdazA ane akALa mRtyune mATe je nirmita thaI hoya che, e strIne varga dareka jamAnAmAM purUSanI pApa-vRtti ane adhamatAne kAyamI cihana tarIke dRzya thAya che. paraMtu AvI strI pote pApathI kharaDAelI chatAM sadAcAranuM saMrakSaNa karavAmAM atyaMta prabaLa sAdhana nIvaDe che. AvI strInA abhAve ghaNuM sukhI kuTuMbanI bIna takarArI vizuddhimAM vikSepa thAta, ane lAlacanA prasaMga abhAve TakI rahelA pitAnA pativratyanA garvamAM je strIo AvI strIo pratye kamakamATI dAkhave evI ghaNI strIone prazcAttApa ane nirAzAnI vedanA bhogavavAno vakhata Avata; kAraNa ke evA avakAzanI gerahAjarImAM adhama purUSanA Agraha ane prapaMcanI sAme cheDI ja strIo vizaddha rahI zake. Ama je strIo bhraSTa ane adhama gaNAya che temanA upara ja adhama kAma-vAsanAnuM jora khAlI thAya che. dharma paLe ane sudhArA aneka udaya pAme che ane asta thAya che, paraMtu lokenA pApane lIdhe AzA bhaMga banelI A strI manuSya jAtanI kAyamane mATe pUjAraNa rahe che. patitratyane bhaMga karanArI A abhAgaNI strI ke strIo pratye ghaNA

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- strIonI padavI. , 381 kharA khristi dezamAM ghaNe sakhata abhiprAya pracalita che. aMgsa sezana prajAonA uttama ane madhyama vargomAM te A eka doSa thayo ke te strIne mAthe kAyamanuM kalaMka lAgI bese che, ane pachI te strI game tevI sadAcArI rahe ane pazcAtApa kare paNa koI kALe e kalaMka tadana bhuMsAI jatuM nathI. pathama te AvuM sakhata gheraNuM ghaNuM karIne dhArmika lAgaNIne lIdhe rahetuM hoya che, paNa temAM samAjanA lAbha samAelA che ema kahI prabaLa dalIle paNa ghaNIvAra tenA bacAvamAM apAyelI che. keTalAka kahe che ke kauTuMbika vizuddhinuM saMrakSaNa e evI ati agatyanI bAbata che ke tene arthe je kAryanuM svarUpa kapanAmAM ghaNI sahelAIthI utarI zake che ane je kArya kAyadAnA svAdhInamAM kadi paNa barAbara AvI zake tema nathI ane vikAranI atyaMta prabaLatAe karIne jemAM manuSyanI pravRtti kadI thaI jAya, tevA kAryane atyaMta sakhata zikSA thavI vAjabI che. vaLI AvA sakhata daMDane lIdhe viSayI vikAranA saghaLA purAvAne aprasiddhimAM rahevuM paDe che; tethI temanA vyApArane ochA karavAnI khAsa yogyatA temAM rahelI hoya che, kAraNa ke bIjA vikAro karatAM A vikArone AdhAra kalpanA upara vadhAre hoya che, ane kalpanA pApanA darzanathI vadhAre vahelI saceta thAya che. vaLI durAcAra upara kalaMkanI tIvra dRSTithI jotAM pramANamAM tenI sAmenA sadAcAra pratye lekenuM lakSa vadhAre kheMcAya che, ane strI-vargamAM atyaMta sughaDa ane zikamaMda AbarUnI lA gaNI baMdhAI jAya che, jethI karIne pApamAM pravRtta thatAM teo aTake che eTaluM ja nahi paNa temanuM cAritrya paNa tethI unnata bane che. A dalIlenI virUddha keTalAka vajanadAra vicArenI dalIla paNa apAya che. tethI keTalAka ema kahe che ke durAcAranA A prakAra upara game te DhAMkapIchoDe samAja kare, tathApi tenuM astitva te rahe che ane te paNa bahu moTA pAyA upara; ane jyAre A pApa aprasiddhimAM vIMTAeluM ane ajJAnatAnA dAMbhika dekhAvathI DhaMkAeluM rahe che tyAre jevuM jaDamULa ghAlI beTheluM ane bhraSTa e hoya che tevuM e kavacit ja hoya che. IMglAMDamAM

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382 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. AvI pacAsa hajAra strIo che ane te batAvI Ape che ke sughaDa samAja ne dekhItI suMdara sapATInI taLe A pApa kevA bhayaMkara svarUpamAM raheluM hoya che. tethI aneka prakAranA roga lekAmAM prasare che ane vArasAmAM paNu utare che, ane tethI lekenI durdazA thAya che. pativratya-bhaMganA doSa upara IglAMDane sArvajanika abhiprAya je sakhta dRSTi dAkhave che tethI vezyAnI saMkhyA vadhatI aTakatI nathI ane tethI durdazA ghaTavAne badale vadhe che. je kAryane mATe yuropanA anya pradezamAM sahejasAja hAhAnI lAgaNuM upaje che te ja kArya IMglAMDamAM moTA bhAga upara atyaMta jherI lAgaNI upajAve che. je kAryo svabhAvika rIte naitika vRttionI cheka naSTatA sUcavatAM ke upajAvatAM nathI ane anya dezomAM je kAryonI pAchaLa ghaNI vakhata sukhI, sadAcArI ane premI jIMdagI mANaso pasAra kare che te kAryothI IglAMDamAM ghaNe bhAge ghera satyAnAza ja vaLI jAya che. bALahatyA bahu vadhI paDI che ane eka vakhatanA doSathI jenI AbarU ane chaMdagI barabAda thaI jAya che evI strIone mATe bhAga vezyAnA dhaMdhAmAM paDe che. sArvajanika abhiprAya ane dhArAzAstrIonI niSkALajInuM A pariNAma che. vaLI durdazAnA khADAmAM aMdagIparyata garakAva thaelI strIonA A samUhane moTA bhAga svabhAve kadI sudharI ja zake nahi. evo paNa nathI hato. strIonuM patana jema duSTa vAsanAne lIdhe thAya che tema ghaNIvAra te patinI lAgaNIonI prabaLatAne lIdhe ke buddhinI caMcaLatAne lIdhe paNa thAya che. temanI atyaMta bhraSTa dazAmAM paNa niSpakSa alekana karanArane uMcA prakAranI lAgaNIonA avazeSa mAlama paDayA che, ane je temane anya naitika saMjoga ane keLavaNI maLyAM heta to avazya A avazeSa khIlI nIkaLyA vinA rahetI nahi. vezyAvRttinA gaNanAtmaka kaSTa kethI jaNAya che ke patita thaelI strIonA moTA bhAganA patananuM kAraNa temanI garIba avasthA hatI, ane ghaNuM dAkhalAmAM te bhUkhamarAnI avasthAmAM teo hatI. A pramANe kuTuMba jIvanamAM strInI pavitratA jALavavA kAmavikArane

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383 strIonI padavI. kevI ane keTalI chUTa ApavI e praznanuM nirAkaraNa karavAnuM kAma nItizAstravettAne karavuM paDe che, ane tethI vezyAvRttinA viSayane ema gaNo paDe che. paraMtu te saMbaMdhamAM matabheda che. kharAba te ene sau gaNe che ja; paraMtu samAjanA aMgo tarIke tevI strIo pratye samAje kevuM AcaraNa rAkhavuM joIe te saMbaMdhI matabheda ApaNe upara kAMIka joyo. A matabhedanuM vivecana ke nirAkaraNa karavAnuM ApaNuM atra projana nathI. paNa temAM gaMbhIra prazna samAele che eTaluM spaSTa thAya to te basa che. upalA praznanuM nirAkaraNa karavA grIka nItivettAo ane dhArA zAstrIe strIonA be varga ghaNI khuzIthI svIkArI lIdhA hatA-patnI ane khAta-patnInuM bhUSaNa pAtivratya gaNAtuM ane rakhAtanuM bhramara vRttimAM doSa gaNate nahi. grIka-patnIo kevaLa ekAMta vAsamAM ja lagabhaga rahetI hatI, ghaNI nAnI umare ghaNuM karIne temane paraNAvavAmAM AvatI hatI. vaNavuM kAMtavuM, bharata bharavuM, ghara kAmakAjanI dekharekha rAkhavI, ke temanA mAMdA gulAmonI saMbhALa levI, e temanI pravRtti rahetI. gharanA khAsa ane IlAyadA bhAgamAM teo rahetI hatI. vadhAre tAlevata strIo kvacita ja bahAra nIkaLatI hatI, ane nIkaLatI te strI gulAmane sAthe rAkhyA vinA nIkaLatI nahi. sArvajanika tamAzA jevA te kadi jatI nahi; potAnA svAmInI hAjarI sivAya koI purUSanI mulAkAta letI nahi, ane purUSo mahemAna hoya tyAre gharanA khANAmAM paNa temanI sAthe bhAga letI nahi. temane meTAmAM moTo sadAcAra pitAnA pati pratye vaphAdAra rahevAne hatA, ane te barAbara ane moTe bhAge paLAte hoya e saMbhavita che. anya sthaLe meja meLavavAnI purUSane apAtI sTa, gRhasthanI strIne kaI chaLavAne yatna kare te tenI virUddha pradarzita thatA sakhata leka abhiprAya, ane lAbha lAlacane vaza nahi thavAnI strIonI Teva, ItyAdi kAraNone lIdhe temane sadAcAra bahu sArI rIte jaLavAI rahetuM hatuM. bIjI rIte jotAM, pitAnI strI gulAmanI ja sabatamAM lagabhaga niraMtara rahevAne lIdhe, purUSonA samAgamamAM AvavAthI je keLavaNI maLe che te keLavaNInI teo nibhAMgI rahe

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384 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. mo vAthI, ane ethensamAM keLavAelA thavAnAM mukhya sthAna sArvajanika tamAzAnAM sthaLA hatAM tyAM temane sthAna maLatuM nahi tethI, avazya karIne temanAM mana atyaMta saMkucita sthitimAM rahelAM hovAM joIe. thakIDAIDIjha kahe che te pramANe je strInI sArI ke narasI kAMI vAta ja thAya nahi te ja strI strItvanA uttama namunA rUpe te vakhate gaNatI hatI. - tathApi pitAnA saMkucita pradezamAM temanI jIMdagI ghaNuM karIne duHkhI nahatI. keLavaNI ane mahAvarAne lIdhe gRhakArya ke je temane ja bhAge rahetuM hatuM temAM te guMthAI rahetI ane AnaMda mAnatI hatI; ane tethI pitAnA patinI bahAranI vartaNuMka tenA dhyAnamAM rahetI nahi. te vakhatanI pracalita rItabhAta ghaNI sabhya ane vivekI hatI. kuTuMba kleza ke julamanI vAta kaI lakhatuM nathI. pati ghaNuM karIne sArvajanika kAryomAM guMthAele rahe; vehema ke kaMkAsanAM kAraNe kavacita ja banatAM; ane je ke strI ane purUSa barAbarIA gaNAtA nahi tathApa ghaNA daMpatIo vacce prema bezaka enI meLe jAmate hate. saMsAra ane tenA rIta rivAjathI kevaLa ajJAna evI eka paMdara varSanI mugdha bALAne bhUjamAM bhIDI pati tene satkAra kevA premathI kare che ane gRha rAjyanI adhiSThAtrI devI tarIke teNe zuM zuM karavuM te bAbata kevI zIkhAmaNa pati ene Ape che tenuM eka maneharI citra jhIphana eka sthaLe Ape che. atyaMta komaLatAthI pati ene zIkhAmaNa Ape che, paNa eka nAnA bALaka pratye jevI bhASA vaparAya tevI bhASA e vApare che. pati kahe che ke tenuM kAma madhapuDAnI rAzInI mAphaka niraMtara gharamAM ja rahevAnuM ane tenA gulAmenA kAma upara dekharekha rAkhavAnuM che. darekane potApitAnuM kAma eNe vaheMcI ApavuM joIe, kuTuMbanI pedAza karakasarathI vAparavI joIe, jeDA, vAsaNe ane kapaDAM ityAdi gharanI vastuo hamezAM barAbara egya vyavasthAsara gharamAM pitAnI jagAe paDayAM che ke kema? tenI barAbara tapAsa eNe rAkhavI joIe; vaLI tenA mAMdA gulAmanI mAvajata rAkhavI e paNa tenA kartavyane eka bhAga che. paNa ahIMA patnI vacamAM bolI uThe che. "are,

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strIonA padavI. 385 jenI sAthe huM mAyALupaNe varatuM te je mane ahesAnamaMda thAya ema hoya ane prathamanA karatAM mArA upara vadhAre sneha rAkhe, to te vAta te mane kharekhara bahuja gamaze." ThapakAno koI paNa rIte dekhAva na thaI jAya tenI kemaLa ane rasabharI saMbhALa rAkhIne pati patnIne samajAve che ke ucA dekhAvAnI khAtara uMcI eDInA buTa paheravAnI Teva eNe choDI devI joIe ane caherAne eNe raMga lagADe na joIe, ane ene vacana Ape che ke je pitAnI pharaja e pramANikatAthI bajAvaze te e pite ja ene prathama ane nimakahalAla gulAma thaI raheze. sekreTisane e khAtrI ApI kahe che ke jyAre koI matabheda e benI vacce paDato tyAre je te vAjabI hoya te ghaNuM sahelAIthI pitAnI patnIne e samajAvI zakatA hata; paNa jyAM potAnI bhUla hoya tyAM pitAnI patnIne khAtrI karI ApavAnuM kAma azakya thaI paDatuM hatuM. A uparathI te samayamAM grIka strIonuM jIvana kevuM hatuM tenI ApaNane khabara paDe che. plaTArka strInI paraNetara aMdagInuM eka bIjuM citra Ape che, paNa te pAchaLanA kALanuM che. skUTArkanA citramAM strIne mAtra gRhiNI athavA patinA eka mukhya gulAma tarIke nahi, paNa tenA soMkSI ane sebatI tarIke varNavavAmAM AvI che. strI ane purUSanAM kartavya ane baMdhana arasaparasa che e vAta ati spaSTa zabdomAM bhAra mukIne e kahe che ane strIonAM aMtaHkaraNa uMcAmAM uMcI sthiti paryata keLavavAM joIe ema e Icche che. lagnanA enA upadeza avaoNcIna jamAnAnA upadeza karatAM bhAgye ja kama che. pitAnA bALaknA mRtyu samaye dilAsAne je patra eNe pitAnI patnIne lakhyuM che te akSare akSare atyaMta kamaLa premathI bhareluM che. evuM kahevAya che ke eka samaye pitAnI patnInA saMbaMdhIo sAthe ene kAMIka vAMdho paDaze. tenI patnIne ciMtA peThI ke tethI karIne temanuM kuTuMba sukha ochuM thaI jaze. tethI pitAnI sAthe helIkana parvata jAtrAe javAne patnIe patine samajAvyo, ane tyAM jaI

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386 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. bane e prema-devane balidAna ApI eka bIjAne prema kadi paNa ghaTe nahi evI prArthanA karI hatI. paraMtu ekaMdare grIka lokamAM sadAcArI strInuM sthAna ghaNuM nIcuM hatuM. tenI padavI hamezAM parataMtra ja rahetI; bAlyAvasthAmAM mAbApanI, gRhasthAzramamAM patinI, ane vidhavAvasthAmAM putranI, dekharekha ane saMbhALa maLe te rahetI hatI. tene hamaNuM bALaka ja gaNavAmAM AvatI hatI. ane purUSa sagAM maLI AvatAM hoya te tene te vArase paNa maLatuM nahi. chUTAcheDAne haka, bIje nahi te ethensamAM te, strI purUSa bannene hatuM, paraMtu te haka vAstavika rIte, keLavaNI ane leka matathI TevAI gaelA lekamAM, kAyadAnI kacerImAM jaI jAhera prakaTIkaraNa karavAthI upajatI arerATIne lIdhe, lagabhaga nirarthaka thato hoya ema jaNAya che. arthAta leka-lAjane ulaMghI strI darabAra caDatI nahi. tathApi strIo potAnI sAthe dAyajo lAvatI, ane dIkarIone palluM ApavAne rivAja-e eka kAraNa evuM maLatuM hatuM ke jene lIdhe geravartaNuMka vAraMvAra bahAra AvatI; ane Ama bahAra AvanArane niMdApAtra kaI gaNatuM nahi. vaLI nirAdhAra strI-bALakanA lAbhamAM ethensane kAyado khAsa karIne kALajIvALA ane komaLa hatA. pleTonA mata pramANe strI ane purUSa sarakhA hatA; paNa leka-TIo tethI kevaLa ulaTI ja hatI. rAjyane arthe lagna che; zeherIo upajAvavAnuM mAtra sAdhana e che evo vicAra mukhyatve karIne te samaye pracalita hata; ane spATomAM te evo hukama hatA ke vRddha ane nirmaLa purUSoe pitAnI yuvAna strIo vadhAre jorAvara purUSone seMpI devI ke jethI karIne rAjyane majabuta bAMdhAnA laDavaiyA maLe. spArTImAM strIonI sAthe je rItanuM vartana rAkhavAmAM AvatuM hatuM te vartana grIsanA anya saMsthAnamAM cAlatA vartanathI ghaNI bAbatamAM jUduM hatuM, ane tethI lAgaNI ke kAryamAM zaramane chAMTo. sarakho paNa dekhAte nahi, paraMtu tethI prabaLa ane vIryavAna svadezAbhimAna lekemAM upajatuM; ane mAtAe dezanA khAtara pitAnA putrane bhoga ApyAnA ane temanA kIrtivaMta mRtyuthI khuzI thayAnA ane pitAnA zauryamaya jusso

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strIonI padavI. 387 prajAnA lazkaramAM reDayAnA aneka dAkhalA spArTImAMnA ItihAsathI maLI Ave che. tathApi saddaguNI strIonAM nAma grIsanA ItihAsamAM kavacita ja dekhADe che. ethensanA samAjamAM pheziyana jyAre agrasthAna bhegavate hate. tyAre tenI strIe je nirmaLa marajAdA batAvI hatI te ane lagna sneha ane mAbApa pratye bhaktinA thoDAka dAkhalA varNavAelA che, paNa sAmAnya rIte lekenuM lakSa kheMcanArI strIo vArAMganA ja hatI. grIka jIvanamAM A vArAMganAo je sthAna bhagavatI hatI te samajavA mATe ApaNuM samayamAM nIti para je chUTa apAya che, tenAthI tadana jUdIja jAtanI Tane te samaya hato e vAta ApaNe dhyAnamAM rAkhavI joIe. paraMtu jana svabhAvanI dareka zakita ane aMzane saMpUrNa vikAsa sarva pAsa kare e grIka mate sarvottamatA lekhAtI hatI. tyAgake tapavRttinI vAta to temanI samajaNamAM paNa utaratI nahotI. manuSya svabhAvanA sArA narasA bhAgane bheda teo svIkAratA hatA ane narasA bhAgathI taddana gherAI gaelA jIvanane teo adhama gaNatA na hatA paraMtu kudaratI vikAranuM satata damana temanI vicAra zreNIne taddana ajJAta hatuM. temanA kAyadAmAM, nItinA temanA dhoraNamAM ane leka vicAramAM Aja siddhAMtanuM samarthana hatuM ane tethI atyaMta sadAcArI mANasane paNa vArAMganA sAthe ughADo saMbaMdha rAkhavAmAM zarama lAgatI nahi. paraMtu ghaNuM samAjenA anubhava uparathI jaNAya che ke jAhera matane lIdhe purUSa vargane kula svataMtratA bhale maLatI hoya, paNa strI vargane tevI svataMtratA prApta thatI nathI. paraMtu grIka samAjamAM ghaNAM kAraNone lIdhe vAraganAnA vargane eka khAsa sthAna prApta thayuM hatuM. rati devInI vilAsI pUjAthI temanA dhaMdhAne eka jAtanI dhArmika paravAnagI maLatI hatI. rati devInA maMdiramAM pUjAraNe A vArAMganAo thatI hatI, ane kerIthanI pUjAraNee pitAnA zaheranuM saMkaTa prArthanAothI TALyuM hatuM ema manAtuM hatuM. Ama maMdiranI chAyAmAM A durAcAra pravartita thato hato. A sthiti ghaNuM zeherenI hatI.

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388 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. vaLI, rasajJatAne je prabaLa juse te vakhate pracalita hatA tene lIdhe paNa je atyaMta suMdara hoya te mAna pAmatAM. je dezamAM ane je havAmAM kudaratanuM saidarya Ape Apa atyaMta khIlI nIkaLatuM hatuM, tyAM citra-vidyA ane zilpa-vidyA banemAM anupama kArIgaranI zALA upajI AvI ane sArvajanika ramata ane hariphAIo thatI. tyAM zArIrika saidayanI anupama saMpUrNatAnI bhegA thaelA leke vAha vAha bolatA hatA. duniyAnA ItihAsamAM koI paNa sarve suMdaratAnI mAnayukta prazaMsA ATalI utsAhI ane AvI sArvajanika nahotI. jamAnAnA naitika upadeza kivA daSTibiMdu upara paNa tenI bahu asara thaI hatI, ane mukhya nIti zAstravettAo te indriyAtIta saMdaryane ja uMcAmAM uMce saddaguNa gaNatA hatA. sAhityanA kSetramAM paNa zailI ane racanAne abhyAsa uttama gaNAtuM hatuM. kaLAnA pradezamAM preraNuM saindaryathI thatI hatI ane niyamarUpa paNa soMdarya ja gaNAtuM hatuM. pitAnAM chokarAo rUpavAna thAya evI sauthI prathama prArthanA grIka mAtAo karatI. ane zarIra nI suMdaratAmAM atyaMta rUpavAna hoya tenI vAhavAha karI sai tene pUjatA hatA. tenI mUrtione te namuno hatI. suMdaratAne joI nyAyAdhIze tohematadArane paNa choDI mUkatA. elekjhAMDaranI eka priya khAtanuM citra cItaratAM cItaratAM citAre tenA upara mohita thaI prema-baddha thaI gaye; elephajhAMDare te citArAne e rakhAtA pitAnA taraphathI eka amUlya bheTa tarIke ApI dIdhI. tethI saMdaryanI mUrtio rUpa vArAMganAo pUjAtI, kavio temanI suMdaratAnuM gAna karatA ane gaMbhIra tatvaciMtake temanI mulAkAtane artha jAtrAo karatA; ane AkhA dezamAM temanAM nAma prasiddha thatAM hatAM. vicAra ane vRttionI paristhiti jyAM AvI hoya, tyAM kuzaLa ane udayanI lAlasAvALI strIo dhaMdhAmAM pravRtta thAya, ane gRhastha strIonI kevaLa ekAMtavAsI jIdagI ane svAbhAvika rIte ja tethI upajatI temanI ajJAna avasthAne lIdhe samAjamAM je sthAna khAlI paDe che te pUravA AvI strIo bahAra paDI prasiddhi meLave te temAM Azcarya pAmavA jevuM kazuM nathI. ethensanI strIomAM svAtaMtrya mAtra vArAMganAone ja hatuM;

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strIonI padavI. 389 ane ghaNIvAra A svataMtratAne upayoga jJAna saMpAdana karavAmAM te karatI ane Ama pitAnI anya mohinIomAM tIvra buddhinuM AkarSaNa paNa te umerI zakatI hatI. tenI AsapAsa kavio, citArAo, itihAsakAre ane tavettAo ekaThA thaI jatA, ane jamAnAnA buddhi-viSayaka ane kaLA-viSayaka ubharAomAM kAMI paNa saMkeca rAkhyA vinA te jhaMpalAvI detI, ane Ama anupama sAhitya-samAjanuM keMdra te thaI paDatI hatI. e sapeziyA ke je pitAnA saindarya ane buddhi-banene mATe prakhyAta hatI teNe perikalIjhane prabaLa prema saMpAdana karyo hate. perikalIjhane vaktatvanuM zikSaNa eNe ApyuM kahevAya che ane tenA prakhyAta bhASaNamAMthI keTalAka eNe lakhI ApyAnuM belAya che. rAjakAjanI bAbatamAM enI salAha vAraMvAra levAmAM AvatI, ane bIjA tatvaciMtakanI peThe sekreTisa paNa tenI mijalasamAM jatA hatA. sokreTise pate paNa kabula karyuM che ke DAyATimA nAmanI vArAMganA pAsethI e ghaNuM zIkhyo hate. epikyurasanI eka ati utsAhavALI ziSyA liyenaTiyama nAmanI vArAMganA hatI. vaLI nahi kahevA jevI eka bIjI vAtanI noMdha paNa ahIM ItihAsakArane levI paDe che. grIka sudhArAmAM eka vicitra prakAranI paNa ghara karI beThelI bhraSTatAnI badI sAthe sarakhAvatAM, strIonI sAthe upara kahela aNaghaTate vyavahAra sArA mANasanI jIdagImAM sAmAnya rIte cAlyo Avate deSa gaNAte ane temAM nAmozI lekhAtI nahi. A badI grIka lekamAM kevI rIte pekI tenA kAraNamAM utaravAnI jarUra nathI, paNa tenI asara laukika dharma ane kaLAmAM paNa pesI gaI hatI. ekaMdare A badI grIka kemAM bezaka durAcAra tarIke gaNAtI hatI, paraMtu te prati grIka lokenA aNagamAnI lAgaNI arvAcIna samayanA jevI prabaLa nahotI. tethI karIne, vArAMganA-vargane uMcI sthitie pahoMcavAnuM A badI paNa eka ADakataruM kAraNa thaI paDayuM hatuM. AvAM kAraNone lIdhe vezyAonA dhaMdhAmAM zarama lekhAtI nahi, ane temanA dhaMdhAne leke bhraSTa kahetA nahi. tathApi saghaLA jamAnAmAM banatuM

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390 yuropIya prajAnI AcaraNane ItihAsa. AvyuM che tema te jamAnAmAM paNa A vargane moTo bhAga adhama bhraSTatAmAM pitAnuM jIvana gALatA. temanAmAMthI ghaNI DI ekaMdare vArAMganAnI uMcI sthitie pahoMcI zakatI ane AbAda thatI, ane temAMthI paNa ghaNI kharImAM, sAmAnya rIte je lakSaNe te vargamAM saghaLA jamAnAmAM jovAmAM Ave che te lakSaNe ghaNuM karIne dekhAI AvatA. bevaphAI, dhana haraNanI atyaMta lAlasA ane ati kharacALa majazekha, temanAmAM sAdhAraNa hatAM. chatAM sArA dAkhalA paNa e vargamAMthI maLI Ave che, e vAta paNa niHsaMzaya che. samAjane bahiSkAra temane naDato nahi athavA tethI teo halakI gaNAtI nAha. ane je ke vivAhita strIonA jeTaluM mAna temane kadi maLatuM nahi, tathApi sAmAnya rIte lekamAM evI mAnyatA pracalita hatI ke gRha-patnI ane vArAMganAnA pradeza ane kartavya saMsAramAM bhinnabhinna che ane darekamAM pitApitAnA khAsa guNo rahelA hoya che. lInA nAmanI vArAMganA hAramoDiyasanI mitra hatI ane potAnA mitranuM kAvatru prakaTa karavA karatAM julamane bhoga banI maravAnuM teNe pasaMda karyuM hatuM, ane ethensanA lekee tenA nAmanA arthathI darAi, tenI daDhatA jALavavA jIbha vinAnI siMhaNanuM eka bAvaluM ubhuM karyuM hatuM. beMkisa nAmanI vArAMganAnAM nisvArtha prema ane sabhya rItabhAtanI khAsa neMdha levAmAM AvI che ane eka ati komaLa patra-lekhanamAM tenuM cAritrya varNavAyuM che ane tenA mRtyuthI thaela zoca batAvela che. grIka jIvananuM eka yathAsthita citra ApatAM jhIno phana varNave che ke thIoDoTA nAmanI vArAMganAnI saindarya khyAti sAMbhaLIne te vAta sAcI che ke kema ? tenI khAtrI karavA sokreTisa potAnA ziSyane laI tene ghera gayo ane tenA gharane vaibhava joI te zI rIte ene prApta thaze te bAbata zAMta, ThAvakA prazna pUchavA lAge ane pachI pitAnA Azakene pitAmAM Asakta rAkhavA kayA kayA guNone eNe keLavavA joIe tenuM khyAna karavA e lAgyo. sekriTisa ene kahe che ke uddhata mANo Ave te gharanAM bAraNAM eNe baMdha karavAM; tenA Azake mAMdA paDe te temanI sevA eNe karavI; koI

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strIonI padavI. 391 My vv mAnavaMtA kAryamAM temanI saphaLatAthI eNe khuzI thavuM, ane tenA upara je prema rAkhe tenA upara eNe prema rAkhe. Ama khullA dilathI ane mokaLe mane AnaMdathI tenI sAthe vAtacita karIne, spaSTa ke garbhita kaI paNa jAtane Thapako ApyA sivAya ane jJAna doSathI upajatI bhIti ke naphaTatA koI paNa jAta nizAnI e bAImAM upajyA sivAya, grIka lekamAM sarvottama ane DAhyAmAM DAhyo gaNAto mANasa, tenA saindaryanI ramaNIya prazaMsA karatA karatA tene gherathI gayo. A saghaLI vAta AcaraNanA ItihAsamAM kahyA vinA chUTake nahe. mATe ame kahI che. grIsamAM mahAna purUSo ghaNuM thayA che paNa mahAna strI thaI nathI tenuM kAraNa have vAMcanArane samajAze. ApaNuM svabhAvanA ucca ane nIca bhAgonI vacce bheda che e vAta ApaNuM paDe grIka leke paNa svIkAratA hatA, tathApi AcaraNanuM je dhoraNa teo amalamAM mUkatA hatA te hAlanA arvAcIna lekamatathI ghaNuM bhinna hatuM e vAta paNa have samajAze, arthAta nItine siddhAMta sArvatrika chatAM deza, kALa ane saMjoga bhinnatAe karIne tenA dhoraNamAM bheda paDe che, e vAta paNa uparanA TuMkA ItihAsathI spaSTa thaze. prabaLa ane kSaNika kAma vikAranI tRpti vivAhita patnI dvArA ja thavI joIe e khristionA dhoraNathI grIka leka ajJAta hatA. grIka patnio upara sapta pharajo nAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. pAchaLanA samayamAM patine mAthe paNa pharaje nAMkhavAmAM AvI hatI. jo ke te pharajo kAMIka ochI sakhata hatI. upara kahelI badImAM kalaMka gaNAtuM hatuM, paraMtu grIka lekenI lAgaNIne tene aNagame eTale ocho hato ke te joI atyAre ApaNuM hRdayane AMcake lAge che. vArAMganAnA AkhA vargane kAyadAe thoDIka bAbatomAM kAMIka nAlAyaka TharAvI hatI, ane joke temanAM vakhANa vadhAre thatAM paraMtu kauTuMbika jIvana je strIo svIkAratI temanA karatAM temane evuM mAna maLatuM; paraMtu saMjoge evA ekaThA thaI gayA hatA ke temane lIdhe temanI kharI lAyakI ane lekAmAM temano maratabo vadhI gaye; ane lagna pratye aNagame ghaNe sAdhAraNa thaI paDe, ane jAhera rIte,

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392 yuropiya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. ughADe choge leke temanI sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhavA lAgyA. Ama vArAMganAne varga samAjamAM khAsa sthAna bhogavavA lAgyo hate. have romanA sudhArA pratye je ApaNe dRSTi karIe te chIe te ApaNane mAlama paDe che ke strIonI sthitimAM keTalAMka agatyanAM pagalAM AgaLa bharAyAM hatAM. pativratyanA sadAcAra pratye be bhinna bhinna dRSTithI joI zakAya che e AgaLa ame kahyuM che. jyAM dharmabhAvanA karatAM rAjakIya jusso vadhAre prabaLa hoya che evA dezamAM ghaNuM karIne janahitavAda jora pakaDe che, ane tyAM gRhasthAmama ghaNuM mAnanIya avasthA gaNAya che. tethI karIne gRhasthAzramamAM sukha, pavitratA ane nirbhayatA vadhAravAM eja temanA saghaLA Adezane mukhya udeza hoya che. paraMtu alakha (mystical) mata ke jeno AdhAra zaramanI svAbhAvika lAgaNI upara hoya che ane ItihAsa sAbIta karI Ape che tema je mata jyAM rAjakIya bhAvanA ghaNI ochI hoya che ane dhArmika bhAvanA ghaNI prabaLa hoya che tyAM vizeSa karIne khAsa prabaLatA pAme che, te mata kuMvArApaNAmAM sadAcAranI sarvottamatA lekhe che ane paraNetara jIdagIne ucca pavitratAmAMthI thaeluM kSamya patana gaNe che. ane remanI dharmasaMsthAmAM eka ghaNu lakSa kheMcanArI vAta ApaNane mAlama paDe che te e che ke A baMne vicArane sUcavatA temanAmAM devanA be pUjArI vargo hatA. jyApaTaranA pUjArIo ane vesTA nAmanI devInI pUjAraNe. A banne vargonI sevA rAjyane ghaNI agatyanI ane upayogI gaNAtI hatI. darekane amala roma zaheramAM ujavAta. darekanI nimaNuMka atyaMta dabadabA bharelI kriyAthI thatI hatI. darekane ghaNuM gaMbhIra mAna apAtuM hatuM. paNa eka agatyane bheda te bemAM hatuM. pUjAraNa kuMvArI rahetI hatI, sakhata brahmacarya pALatI, ane temAM cUka karatI te atyaMta bhayaMkara sajA tene thatI. pUjArIne paraNavuM pharajIAta hatuM ane pitAnI paraNeta chaMdagImAM atyaMta vizuddha ane pavitra ene rahevuM paDatuM hatuM. tenuM lagna atyaMta gaMbhIra kriyAothI ujavavAmAM AvatuM. ane mAtra mRtyuthI ja e lagna keka thatuM gaNatuM hatuM. je enI strI marI jatI,

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strIonI padavI. 393 te enI cAkarI jatI rahetI hatI. A pUjArInuM daSTibiMdu sakhata ane pavitra lagnanA dRSTibiMdu tarIke lekamAM vadhAre mAnya hatuM. romane dharma khAsa karIne kaiTuMbika hato, ane lagnanI bAbatamAM dareka jAtanAM gaurava ane gAMbhIrya umeravAno kAyado mukhya udeza rAkhatA hatA. eka patni karavAnA rivAjane Agraha temanAmAM mULathI ja hatI. romanI sattA jALavavAthI eka meTe phAyade e thayo ke e rivAja yuropamAM prasarI gayo. strIonI naitika gaNunA ghaNI ucI thatI hatI ane remanA jIvanamAM teo AgaLa paDate bhAga letI hatI. tenA ghaNuM pUrAvA prAthamika remanI kathAomAMthI maLI Ave che. lujhiziyA ane varachaniyAnA karUNa rasa pradhAna nATake AbarUnI ane vi. zuddha pavitratAnI uttamatAnI lAgaNIthI bharelA che. sebAIna strIo potAnA svAmIo ane pitAnA pitAonA kalahamAM vacce paDI salAha karAvatI hatI ane bALa prajA taMtrane bacAvI lIdhI hatI. ane kerIolensanI mAtA pitAnI prArthanAothI deza upara jhajhumI rahelI Aphata dUra karAve evI hatI ItyAdi dAkhalAthI jaNAya che ke remanI strIoe dezanI, svadezanI svadezAbhimAnI kIrtimAM bhAga letI hatI. remanI strIoe devInA maMdira mAM jaI, saMkaTanA samaye zuravIra sipAIone pitAnA dhanuSyanI derI karavA pitAnA lAMbA vALa kApI ApyAnI paNa kathA che. eka ramanI strIne bhUkhamarAthI mArI nAMkhavAnI sajA thaI tyAre tenI putrIe ene kAragRhamAM maLavAnI paravAnagI meLavI pitAnA dhAvaNathI pitAnI mAtAnuM piSaNuM karatI jaNAI hatI. A mAtRbhaktinA smaraNArthe eka maMdira ubhuM karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. tathApi kAyadAmAM remana strInI padavI lAMbA kALa paryata ghaNI nIcI rahI hatI. pitAnI strI ane chokarAMo upara kuTuMbanA vaDAnI sattA nirakuza che ane dhAre te pitAnI strIne e tajI zake che e siddhAMta upara ja remIya kuTuMbanuM baMdhAraNa hatuM. remanA ItihAsanA cheka prAthamika samayamAM kanyAnA bApane bakSisa ApavAne ke dAyajAne rivAja pracalita hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI, paraMtu dIkarIne vivAha karavAnI kula svataMtratA bApane

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394 pUrepIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ---- -------- hatI, ane keTalIka vakhate te thaI gaelA lagnane phoka karavAnI paNa tene sattA hatI. paraMtu lagnanA je prakAra remanA prAthamika samayamAM sAmAnya rIte pracalita hatA tene anusAra strInA uparanI kula sattA tenA dhaNInA hAthamAM jatI, ane keTalAka prasaMge pitAnI strIne mArI nAMkhavAne paNa tene haka gaNo hato. strIone pitAnI vizuddhi sakhta rIte jALavatI banAvavAmAM kAyadA ane lekamata bannenI asara ekatra thatI hatI. evuM kahevAya che ke pAMcase ane vIza varSa paryata remamAM chUTAcheDAne eka paNa dakhale banyo nahato. lekene AcAra evo te sabhya hatA ke eka rAja sabhAsade potAnI dIkarInI hAjarImAM pitAnI patnIne AliMgana ApyuM tene mATe tene bahu niMdavAmAM Avyo hato. pitAnAM bALakene mAtAe ja dhavarAvavAnI rIya strIonI pharaja gaNAtI hatI, tethI je keI strI potAnAM bALakane dhavarAvavA dhAva rAkhe te te bahu nAmathI bhareluM gaNAtuM hatuM. kauTuMbika karakasaranI nAnI nAnI bAbatonuM paNa niyamana sakhata kAyadAthI thatuM hatuM. vArAMganAnI saMkhyA jo ke ghaNuM karIne ghaNI hatI ane te varga niraMkuza hatAtathApi te varga pratye lokone dhikkAra ghaNe hate. pote te varganI che evA jAhera svIkAramAM ja tene pUratI zikSA thAya che evI mAnyatA hatI; ane jyane ke je lagnanI adhiSThAtrI devI gaNAtI tenI yajJavedIne sparza karavAnI temane paravAnagI nahatI. eka remane hAkema upara koIe humalo karyo, paNa tenI phariyAda thatAM tene dAda kAMI maLI nahi, kAraNa ke je gharamAM humale thayo hato te badanAmavALuM hatuM ane evA gharamAM romanA hAkeme javuM nAmazI bhareluM gaNAtuM hatuM. strInI pavitratAnI sAkSI AkhI kudarata pUre che ema manAtuM. krUra jaMgalI prANIo paNa kumArikA samakSa zAMta thaI jatAM. evuM kahevAtuM ke DUbI gaelA purUSanI pITha taratI rahe che ane DUbI gaelI strInuM mukha taratuM rahe che; kAraNa ke purUSo karatAM strIonI vizuddhi vadhAre uMcI hoya che; e khulAze remanA vijJAnazAstrIo ApatA hatA. erisToTale kaheto ke bIjI prajAonI mAphaka grIka leke potAnI

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strIonI padavI. 395 strIone gulAma gaNatA nahi, paNa jIdagInA sAthI ane sebatIo temane gaNuM temanI sAthe te pramANe varatatA; ane tethI bIjI ghaNI bAbatanI piDe AmAM paNa grIka leke jaMgalI prajAothI caDI jatA hatA. paraMtu grIka leke karatA paNa romana leke sudhArAmAM caDI jAya che e vAta strIo pratye je vartaNuka remanA leke rAkhatA hatA tethI jaNAI Ave che. mane eka lekhaka kahe che ke grIka leke pitAnI strIone gharanI aMdara eka ilAyadA bhAgamAM rAkhatA hatA, ane pitAnAM sagAM sivAya anyanI sAthe khANA upara temane besavA devAmAM AvatI nahotI athavA keI sagAMnI gerahAjarI sivAya anya purUSane maLavAnI chUTa temane maLatI nahotI, paNa ramavAsI jamaNavAramAM pitAnI sAthe pitAnI strIne laI javAnI, athavA te kuTuMbanI mAtAne khANAmAM agrasthAna ApavAnI AnAkAnI kadi karato nahi. agAunA vakhatamAM jyAre strIo patinI sattAne kevaLa AdhIna hatI tyAre gharamAM temanA upara ghaNe julama thata hata ke kema ? e saMbadhI cekasa rIte atyAre ApaNe kahI zakIe ema nathI. viriplekA nAmanI devI ke jenuM kAma patione zAMta karavAnuM hatuM te devIne remanI strIo peleTAinanA eka maMdiramAM pUjatI hatI, ane prajAtaMtranA samayamAM pitAnA dhaNIone jhera daI mArI nAkhavAnuM eka jabaruM kAvatru racAyuM hatuM ane te chatuM thayAnI vAta livi varNave che paNa e vAta asaMbhavita lAge che; ane ekaMdare romana mAtAnI padavI mAnavaMtI gaNatI hoya e saMbhavita lAge che, ane mAnuSI kartavya karavA mATe paraNetara jIdagI aMdagI payetanI eka bIjAnI sobatI che evI lagnanI je vyAkhyA kAyadAmAM apAI hatI te vyAkhyA A bAbatamAM te vakhatanA lekonA vicArane yathAsthita Alekhe che; ane dareka jamAnAmAM strIonA sadAcArane remanA jIvana caritomAM bahu uMcuM sthAna apAtuM hatuM. - romanI je nItibhraSTatAthI tenA prajAtaMtranI paDatInuM moTe bhAge kAraNa thayuM hatuM ane sIjharanA samayamAM zirobiMdue pahoMcI hatI te cheka adhama nItibhraSTatA manI prajAmAM myunika vigraho pachI turata ja AvI hatI

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yUropIya prajAnI AcaraNane itihAsa, ane tenAM kAraNe ame AgaLa kahyAM che. tethI karIne remanuM dhArmika kauTuMbika, sAmAjIka ane rAjakIya jIvana ekaja pharI gayuM hatuM. tatvajJAnamAM saMzayAtyavAda prAcIna dharmone phelI khAI gayo. sakhta sAdAInI prAcIna ke parvAtya mojazokha ane pautya AcaraNamAM DubI garakAva thaI gaI. prajA vigraha ane mahArAjyane lIdhe lekanAM cAritrya bhraSTa thaI gayAM; ane prajAkIya samayanI rItabhAtanA atizayokti bharelA vinaya vivekathI leke durAcAra prati vadhAre jesathI kheMcAvA lAgyA. A bhraSTatAnA niraMkuza ane lagabhaga unmatta samayamAM strIonI bhraSTatA paNa vadhI gaI hatI. gulAmonI saMkhyA ghaNuM meTI thaI paDI hatI, ane A vAta dareka jamAnAmAM naitika vizuddhinI khAsa ghAtaka nIvaDelI che. vaLI A gulAmo mahArAjyanA atyaMta vilAsI prAMtamAMthI pasaMda karavAmAM AvatA hatA. kalpanAne uzkerI mUke evI ramata gamatamAM strIo nirlaja banI bhAga letI hatI. grIsa ane eziyAnI vArAMganAo romamAM AvavA lAgI hatI. bibhatsa citro gharegharamAM jovAmAM AvatAM ane vilAsavRtti niraMkuza banI nirlajatAthI badhe ghumatI hatI. meTA gharanI strIo vezyAo thatI hatI, ane A bhraSTatA aTakAvavA TAibiriyasanA samayamAM kAyado karavAnI paNa jarUra paDI hatI, jethI moTA gharanI strIo vezyA tarIke pitAnuM nAma neMdhAvavAne azakta gaNAtI hatI. vaLI romana svabhAvanI atyaMta jADayatAne lIdhe AvI vilAsavRttio rasajJatAnuM svarUpa grIsamAM pakaDayuM hatuM te remamAM pakaDI zakayuM nahi; tethI e vRtti jyAre grIsamAM kaLAnI utpAdaka banI hatI tyAre romamAM tenI asaramAM ghaNu gaMbhIra pheraphAra thaI gayA; ulaTuM, taravAranA prANaghAtaka khelanA zekhane laIne ghaNI vakhata te kAMIka kUratAnI sAthe joDAvA lAgI. ItihAsamAM evA ghaNuM kALa AvyA che ke je vakhate sIjharanA samaya karatAM sadAcAra ghaNo ocho hoya; paraMtu te samayanA je amaryAda ane niraMkuza durAcAra ghaNuM karIne koI kALe dekhAyo nathI. vizeSa karIne yuvAna mahArAjAo ke jemanI AsapAsa khuzAmatIA ane bhaDavAnAM ToLeToLAM vIMTaLAi vaLatAM ane jemane ghaNuM karIne pitAnuM khuna thaI javAnI nira

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strIonI padavI. . 397 tara dhAstI rahetI teo aneka jAtanA aniyamita moja vilAsamAM AMkhe mIcIne orAvA lAgyA. arvAcIna samAja ane arvAcIna lekhake bIbhatsa vAta AvatAM je cUpakI pakaDI jAya che te e vakhate kevaLa ajANa hatI, ane tethI te samayanA lekhakonA lekhamAM paNa jamAnAne pavana spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. arthAta AcAra, vicAra ane vANImAM maryAdAne chAMTa paNa rahyo na hate. - vaLI, kAMIka durAcArI kAraNane lIdhe ane kAMIka sArvajanika saMsthA e je pratikuLa asara kuTuMba jIvana upara upajAvatI hatI tene lIdhe, lokenI rUci lagna uparathI uThI javA lAgI hatI ane tethI purUSa kuMvArA rahevA lAgyA hatA. A arUcinI sAme kAyadA karI kuMvArApaNuM aTakAvavA eMgasTarsa vyartha yatna karyo hate. bhraSTatAnA A ghadhanI vacce romana strIonI kAyadesara sthitimAM moTe pheraphAra thatuM AvatuM hatuM. prathama teo pitAnA sagAMnA kevaLa kabajAmAM ke tAbedArInI sthitimAM rahetI hatI, tethI teo kevaLa parataMtra banI jatI hatI. sAmrAjya samayamAM svataMtratA ane gauravanI kAMIka padavI temane prApta thaI; paNa pAchaLathI A padavI teo khoI beThI ane pachI e padavI sAva punaH prApta temane thaI nahi. romana leke lagnanA be varga svIkAratA hatA. eka prakAra sakhata hatuM, paNa kAyadAnI najaramAM te vadhAre mAnava gaNAte hato. A prakAramAM, strI svAmInA hAthamAM saMpAtI, ane tene lIdhe strInA paMDa ane milkata upara saMpUrNa svAmItva patine prApta thatuM. bIjo prakAra che sakhata hatA ane tene lIdhe strInI pitAnI padavImAM kAyadA pramANe kAMI taphAvata thato nahi. prathama prakAranAM lagna ghaNuM karIne prajAtaMtranA samayamAM thatAM hatAM ane te traNa jAtanAM hatAM. prathama jAtanAM lagnamAM, lagna thatI vakhate temaja te keka karatI vakhate dabadabA bharelI dhArmika kriyAo karavI paDatI hatI. A prakAra khAsa karIne amIra vargamAM ja pracalita hatuM. bIje

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39. . yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, prakAra kevaLa sAmAjIka hato ane tenuM lAkSaNika cihna vikraya hatuM. trIjA prakAramAM purUSanI sAthe eka varSa je koI strI niraMtara rahe te temanuM lagna thayuM gaNAtuM hatuM. paraMtu sAmrAjya samayamAM A lagnane rivAja lagabhaga sAva baMdha thaI gayo hato; ane dhArmika ke sAmAjIka keI paNa jAtanI kriyA karyA vinA, mAtra eka bIjAnI kabulAta upara AdhAra rAkhate vadhAre zithila prakAra e vakhate sAmAnya rIte pracalita hatuM ane tenuM eka agatyanuM pariNAma e hatuM ke kAyadAnI najaramAM evI rIte paraNelI strI pitAnA bApanA ja kuTuMbamAM rahetI ane tenA ja vAlIpaNAmAM rahetI, enA dhaNInA vAlIpaNAmAM nahotI. A prakAranA lagnathI vyAvahArika pari NAma e AvyuM ke strI kAyadA pramANe kevaLa svataMtra thaI. dAyajAnI rakama ke je tenA dhaNInA hAthamAM jatI te sivAya tenI badhI milkata upara teno ja haka gaNAto hato. tenA bApanA vArasAmAMthI tene bhAga maLatuM ane te potAnA dhaNathI kevaLa svataMtra rIte e pitAnI pAse rAkhatI hatI. Ama remanA dravyane ghaNe moTe bhAga mAtra strIonA ja kabajAmAM AvyA; ane strIo dhanavAna thavA lAgI. ane A paisAdAra strIonuM nANAM saMbadhI kAmakAja gumAstAnI peThe temanA dhaNIo karavA lAgyA. evuM kahevAya che ke vyAjano mATe dara laIne strIo vakhate pitAnA dhaNIne paNa nANuM dhIratI hatI. A pramANe strIonI padavImAM moTe pheraphAra thaI gaye. strI karatAM purUSanuM gairava vadhAre che e vAta paDatI mUkAI, ane banne samAna bhAgI 1739 hnd 63 Casia d n 13 40 .d `% 41 kAyadA pramANe strI have saMpUrNa svataMtra thaI, ane samAjamAM tenI padavI gauravavALI gaNavA lAgI. A pheraphArathI jUnA vicAravALA svAbhAvika rIte ja dhAstImAM paDI gayA ane te aTakAvavA be upAya paNa levAyA hatA. epIana kAyadAnI matalaba strIone vaibhava aMkuzamAM rAkhavAnI hatI, paraMtu keTanA utsAhita yatna chatAM A kAyade turataja rada karavAmAM AvyuM. vekenIana kAyado vadhAre agatyane hato ane te kAyadA pramANe

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strIonI padavI. 399 ghaNIja cheDI hadamAM strIone vArase maLI zakata. paNa lekamate e kAyadAmAM saMpUrNa saMmati kadi ApI nahi, ane yukti prayuktithI leke e kAyadAne chetaratA hatA. lagnanA pheravAI gaelA A prakAranuM eka bIjuM ane vadhAre gaMbhIra pariNAma paNa AvyuM. lagna eTale eka jAtane sAmAjIka karAra-AvI mAnyatA pracalita thavAthI, paraspara sukhane mATe ja lagna thatAM, ane tethI bemAMthI ekane anukULa AvatAM lagna keka thaI zakatuM, ane pachI bane jaNa pharIthI marajIrUpa lagna karI zakatAM. tethI lagnamAMthI gaMbhIra tatva kevaLa jatuM rahyuM ane najIvA kAraNone lIdhe strI purUSa jUdAM thatAM. A pramANe siserenI patnI TerenziyAne ne dAyajo jete hatA tethI siseree ene tajI dIdhI. liviyA garbhavatI chatAM ogasTase enA dhaNIne ene tajI devAnI pharaja pADI hatI, kAraNake pitAne enI sAthe paraNavuM hatuM. keToe pitAnI strIne enA bApanI paravAnagI laI pitAnA mitra heraTenaziyasa ne ApI dIdhI hatI, ane enA mRtyu pachI pAchI pate ene rAkhI hatI. mIsenAsa vAraMvAra pitAnI strI badalAvato hato. sejheniyasa sephasanI strI ene jANa karyA vinA sArvajanika ramata jovA gaI hatI tethI eNe ene tajI dIdhI hatI. palasa Imiliyase jyAre kAMI paNa kAraNa jaNAvyA sivAya pitAnI strIne tajI dIdhI, tyAre keIe tenuM kAraNa ene pUchatAM eNe javAba ApyoH mArA joDA navA ane sArA banAvelA che, paNa mane te kyAM kaThe che tenI koIne khabara nathI. purUSo strIone tajI detA to strIo paNa teTalI ja tvarAthI purUSone tajI detI hatI. senikA A Aphatane jesathI vakhoDI kahetA ke remamAM have la zkedanI zarama rahI nahotI ane prajAnA pratinidhiothI nahi, paNa dhaNInI saMkhyAthI pitAnI umaranI gaNatrI karanArI strIo paNa thaI hatI. khristio ane vidharmIo paNa evI ja phariyAda karatA hatA. eka strIne dhaNI dazame . hovAnI mArziyala vAta kare che. juvenala kahe che ke eka strIe pAMca varasamAM ATha dhaNI karyA hatA. paNa saMta jeromane dAkhale saithI vicitra

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400 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. che. te khAtrI Ape che ke remamAM te vakhate eka strI evI hatI ke tene te vakhatane dhaNI trevIsame hatuM ane tenA e dhaNunI te ekavIsamI strI hatI. AvA banAve te bezaka bahu ja theDA banatA haze. tathApi paraNe tara aMdagInuM sthAyIpaNuM bahu gaMbhIra prakAre ochuM thaI gayuM hatuM e vAta te cokkasa che. paraMtu kAyadAmAM karelA pheraphArathI remanuM kauTuMbika jIvana AvI bhraSTa dazAe pahoMcyuM hatuM ema kahevAmAM kadAca atizayokti gaNAze. lekamata jyAM vizuddha hoya, tyAM lagna kedanI ghaNI chUTa hovA chatAM tenuM gaMbhIra pariNAma kadi na paNa Ave. strIne tyAga karavAne dhaNIne haka chatAM prajAtaMtranA samayamAM locheda kavacita ja kaI karatuM hatuM. lagnacodanI chUTI hovAne vAraMvAra paraNatA keI sArA mANasanI niMdA karanArA mAMthI ghaNuMkharA, je la zkedanI sakhata manAI heta te paraNata ja nahi ane vyabhicAra ke ayogya saMbaMdhamAM pravRtta thAta. remamAM e vakhate bhraSTatAnuM jabaruM pUra AvyuM hatuM ane kAyadAnI vyavasthA game tevI heta chatAM kauTuMbika jIvanamAM e bhraSTatA peThA vinA rahetI nahi. ati bhraSTatAnA jamAnAmAM lazkedanI manAIthI paraNetara jIMdagInI vizuddhi kayAMI nirbhaya thaI nathI, ane remamAM chedanI ghaNI chUTa hovA chatAM strIone sadAcAra tyAM ocho nahato. ame AgaLanA prakaraNamAM batAvyuM che te pramANe prAcIna jIvanamAM dazya thatA nItinA mukAbalA arvAcIna samAjonA mukAbalA karatAM caDI jAya che ane arvAcIna samayamAM je prajAo ghaNuM ajJAna ane bhraSTa hoya che temAM tejasvI ane vIryavAna mANasenA samUha ApaNe bahu ja cheDA joIe chIe. A vAtane khulAso ema kahI ame karyo che ke prAcIna kALanAM naitika baLamAM durAcArane dAbI devA karatA sadAcArane khIlavavAnI vadhAre gyatA hatI, tethI nItinA adhikArI janene ati unnata banAvI temanuM jIvana uttama namunA rUpa teo banAvI zakatAM, paraMtu bhraSTanI bhraSTatA nAbuda karavA ke ochI karavA teo asamartha nIvaDatAM. bAdazAhI

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strIonI padavI. 401 remanA strI jIvanamAM A mukAbalA ApaNane atyaMta spaSTa dekhAya che. remamAM te vakhate strIonI nItinuM ekaMdara valaNa atyaMta halakuM hatuM e nisaMzaya che, ane bezarama anAcAra aneka prakAre ughADe choga thato hato. paraMtu AvA jamAnA ke jemAM lagnanI eTalI badhI chUTa hatI ane bhraSTatA eTalI badhI prasarelI hatI te jamAnAmAM paNa pativratyamAM javAM marda ane vaphAdArInA dAkhalA jeTalI vAra banyA che teTalIvAra kadAca kaI paNa jamAnAmAM nahi banyA heya. arthAt AvA samayamAM paNa namunArUpa strIonA aneka dAkhalA maLI Ave che. eka tarapha lagabhaga nirakuza vihAranI sAtizayatA ghumatI hatI, te bIjI tarapha AcaraNanI atyaMta sAdAI paNa jovAmAM AvatI hatI. ogasTasa pitAnI putrIo ane paitrIonI pAse kaMtAva ane varNavatuM hatuM, ane tenI strI ane tenI bahenanAM vaNelAM kapaDAM te paherate hate. ghara kAmamAM catura ane kuzaLa kauTuMbika kharaca khuTaNamAM karakasaravALI, buddhimAM keLavAelI, strI-saMdaryanA manehAritvathI bhUSita, ane pitAnA svAmInuM dareka rIte tanamanathI zubha vAMchatI ane zuddha premathI saMpUrNa vaphAdAra, evI aneka strIonA dAkhalA te vakhatanA itihAsamAMthI maLI Ave che. piMpInI catura ane bhaktimAna patnI keraneliyA, senikAnI mitra mAsanA ane mAtA helaviyA, evI ja strIo hatI. vaLI uttara ITAlInAM zahero jamAnAnI bhraSTatAmAMthI ghaNe aze mukta rahyAM hatAM, ane pApuA ane eziyA te khAsa karIne pitAnI strIonA sadAcArane mATe mazahura hatAM. viSayAsaktinA AvA haDahaDatA samayamAM paNa, meleniyA nAmanI eka kulIna strIe TAIbiriyasanI duSTa vAsanAne adhIna thavA karatAM pitAnI chAtImAM khaMjara ghecI ghAlavAnuM vadhAre vAjabI gayuM hatuM. je samayamAM lagnane game tyAre keka karavAnI paravAnagI kAyado ApatA hatA te ja samayamAM rAmanI strIonI daDhatA ane vaphAdArInA uMcA dAkhalA ItihAsamAM prasiddha thayA che, ane te dAkhalAo ATalA badhA jamAnAthI AkhI AlamamAM gharagatu thai paDayA che. rizIAnI kamaLatA ane zairyane dAkhala vAMcI kenA

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402 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa hRdayamAM ucca AvirbhAva upajyA nathI ? jyAre pitAnA svAmInuM mukha ciMtAnA vAdaLAthI chavAI gaeluM eNe joyuM tyAre temAM bhAga levAne pitAne haka eNe mAgyo. paraMtu pitAnA svAmInuM gupta sAhasa jALavI rAkhavAnI pitAnAmAM zakti ane hiMmata che ke nahi ? te jANavA prathama pitAnI jagamAM khaMjarane jakhama eNe karyo; ane jyAre pitAnI khAtrI thaI tyAre ja svAmIne e gupta sAhasa pitAne kahevAnI eNe mAgaNI karI. ane jyAre pitAnA svAmIthI chevaTane mATe vikhuTI paDatAM hekaTara ane eMDromAkInA chevaTanA meLApanA citra upara tenI najara paDI. tyAre tenuM kulIna hRdaya bharAI AvyuM. paNa pitAnA svAmInI hAjarImAM eNe A eka ja vakhata nirbaLatA batAvI hatI. A badhI vAtathI have koNa ajANyuM che ? sainikAnI patnI polinAe pitAnI nasa kholI nAkhIne pitAnA patinI pachavADe marI javAne Agraha Adaryo hato, paNa tenAM mANasoe ghaNuM lehI vahI gayA pachI nasa baMdha karI lIdhI ane tene jIvavAnI pharaja pADI hatI. pITasanI strI eriyAne dAkhale te hRdayavedhaka che. te potAnI jaMdagIne aMta ANavo evI pITasane sajA thaI hatI. tethI eriyA tenI pahelAM maravA taiyAra thaI. tenA jamAIe tene samajAvavA mAMDI ane pUchayuM ke tenI dIkarI pitAnA patinI pachavADe ema mare e vAta ene gamaze? eriyAe javAba vALyo ke pITasanI sAthe jevA sukhathI lAMbe vakhata e rahI hatI tevuM sukha enI dIkarIne je maLyuM hoya te teNe ema maravuM ja joIe. bIjA mitroe ene bahu samajAvavA mAMDI, ane tenI sahI. salAmatInI bAbatamAM bArIka dekharekha teo rAkhavA lAgyA, tyAre dIvAlanI sAthe potAnuM mAthuM evA che jethI eNe aphALyuM ke tethI e bezuddha thaI gaI. zuddhimAM AvatAM eNe kahyuM: "sArI rIte mane maravA nahi gho te AvI rIte huM marIza.pachI pitAne mArI nAkhavAnuM eNe pitAnA svAmI pITasane kahyuM, ane patinA hAthamAM khaMjara ApyuM. paNa patnIne mAratAM patinA hRdayamAM bhAMjagaDa thavA lAgI, paraMtu eriyAe tenA hAthamAMthI khaMjara laI pitAnI chAtImAM cI ghAlyuM ane pAchuM khecI pitAnA

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strIonI padavI. 403 svAmIne pAchuM ApatAM maratAM maratAM te bolIH "mArA vahAlA, enAthI du:kha nathI thatuM." zarUAtanA sIjhara rAjAo ane DomiziyananA samayamAM romanI ghaNI strIo AvI vaphAdArI batAvatI. dezanikAlanA vicArathI ramavAsIonI kalpanA tharatharI jatI, paraMtu dezanikAlamAM paNa romanI ghaNuM kulIna strIo pitAnI rAjIkhuzIthI svAmInI sAthe jatI; ane keTalIka te. enA mRtyu pachI jIvavAnI paNa nA pADatI. upara kahelI eriyAnI dIkarI ke jenuM nAma paNa eriyA hatuM te tenA svAmI zIAnI parAkramI jIMdagInI vaphAdAra sAthI rahI hatI ane jyAre eno svAmI mRtyu pAme tyAre pitAnI dIkarIone ucheravAnI khAtara jIvavA mAMDa mAMDa ene samajAvI hatI. enI dIkarI paNa pitAnA svAmI helUiDiyasanI sAthe be vAra dezanikAlamAM sAthe gaI hatI, ane svAmInA mRtyu pachI teno bacAva karavA mATe pharI pAchI pite dezanikAla pAmI hatI. Ama svAmI dezanikAla thate te strIo tenI sAthe jatI, ane tenA duHkhamAM bhAga laI tene dIlAze detI. ane AvA dAkhalA aneka banatA. sAmrAjya samayanA Akhara bhAgamAM strIonI bhraSTatA dAbI devA mATe kAyadA thavA lAgyA hatA. Domiziyane sRSTi virUddha maithuna sAme AgaLa thaelo kAyade amalamAM mUkavA mAMDyo hato. vespeziyane pitAnA darabArano kharaca kamI karyo hato. je mANase vyabhicAra kare temane sAthe bAMdhI mekrInasa bALI mukAvate. strI ane purUSo sAthe hatAM te rivAjane hephiyane gunArUpa TharAvyuM hatuM, paNa kensenTAInanA samayamAM ja te nAbuda thayo hato. A ane evA bIjA durAcAranI atyaMta bhraSTatA enTonAina rAjAo gAdIe AvyA pachI ghaNuM karIne bahu ochI thaI gaI hatI: paraMtu jyAre khristi dharma baLavAna thayo, rAjadhAnI istaMbulamAM gaI, ane jaMgalIonI chatathI leke nirdhana thaI gayA, tyAre ja A bhraSTatAnI durdazAne kAMIka aMta Avyo.

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404 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. paraMtu nItizAstravettAoe keTalAMka agatyanAM pagalAM AgaLa bhayo hatAM. prAthamika samayamAM ema manAtuM hatuM ke pitAnA svAmIne vaphAdAra rahevAnI strInI pharaja che, paNa purUSane te baMdhana nathI athata vyabhicArano gune strIone ja zakya che, purUSane nahi. paraMtu have, vizeSa nahi te siddhAMtamAM te ema manAvA lAgyuM hatuM ke pitA pratye patinI vaphAdArI mAgavAne strIne paNa haka che. purUSane atyaMta chUTa hovAthI grIka lekemAM vakhate strIonI lAgaNIo atyaMta uzkerAI jatI hatI e vAta mIDIA vigerenI kathAthI jaNAya che. paraMtu enDamAkIne mATe ema kahevAya che ke pitAnA svAmI pratye potAne prema ghaNe uce che ema darzAvavA hekaTaranA anaurasa bALakanI saMbhALa kema jANe e pitAnAM saMtAna hoya tema e letI hatI. remanA prAthamika samayamAM paNa patione mAthe e badhA sAva na hoya ema nathI jaNAtuM, paNa e baMdhana kavacita ja amalamAM AvatuM ane strIone mAthe mUkelA baMdhana jevuM to e nahotuM ja. strIonA deva pratye ja vyabhicAra zabdano artha ane tenI sajA lAgu pADavAmAM AvatAM. remanI triIo patinI A bAbatamAM geravartaNuka pratye bahu udAra buddhithI varatatI hatI. sipionI vaphAdAra patnI raziyA ImiliyAne dAkhala hRdaya-bhedaka che. pitAne pati sipiyo pitAnI eka gulAmaDIthI mohita thayo che e vAtanI ene khabara paDI, paNa A du:kha potAnA manamAM ja samajI eNe sahana karI lIdhuM paraMtu jyAre sipi marI gayo tyAre e gulAmaDIne eNe svataMtra karI, kAraNa ke je strI upara pitAnA svAmIno prema hato te gulAmagIrImAM rahe e vAta tenAMthI sahana thaI zakI nahi. pitA pratye patnInI vaphAdArInI jevI AzA patie rAkhe che tevI ja vaphAdArI pite paNa patnIo pratye rAkhavAnI pationI pharaja che ema erisToTala spaSTa kahete, ane pAchaLathI luTArDa ane senikA bane prabala ane spaSTa zabdomAM e pharaja pALavAnuM kahetA hatA. temanA jIvanamAM A siddhAMtane svIkAra keTale aMze thayo hato te aspiyananA kAyadAmAM eka sutra tarIke tenA svIkArathI jaNAI Ave che. je pati vaphAdAra na ya .

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strIonI padavI. 405 patnInI bevaphAI bAbata e phariyAda kare che te geravAjabI che e eka vakhata nyAyanI kacerIe paNuM TharAva karyo hate. vaLI eka bIjo pheraphAra sAmrAjyanA pAchalA samayamAM jhAMkho jhAMkho paNuM dRSTigocara thatA hatA. lekenI mAnyatAnuM evuM valaNa thavA lAgyuM hatuM ke koI paNa jAtanA lAbha geralAbha upara daSTi rAkhyA vinA pavitratAnI khAtara zarIranI pavitratA sAcavavI e dareka mANasanI pharaja che. navina pleTa matanA ane pithAgorIyana tattvajJAnanA pracArane lIdhe A pariNAma AvavA lAgyuM hatuM. A matamAM zarIra ane tenA saghaLA vikAro jAte ja kharAba manAtA hatA ane tethI temanI bhraSTatAthI dUra rahI vizuddha rahevuM e sadAcAra che ema te mata kahetA hatA. AnuM ati agatyanuM eka pariNAma e AvyuM ke paraNyA pahelAMnI strI ke purUSanI anIti paNa niMdya gaNavA lAgI. prathama e vAtane, ane vizeSa karIne purUSanI evI anItine leka mata nigha gaNAte nahi, ane kadi niMdya gaNatA te eTale thoDe ke tenI vAstavika asara kAMI thatI nahi. moTe ke te evI anItinuM vAjabI paNuM paNa spaSTa rIte kahe. sisere kahetA ke " je kaI ema dhAratuM hoya ke yuvAna purUSe vezyAnA phaMdathI kevaLa alaga rahevuM joIe te tene te vicAra ghaNe sakhata che. tenA muddAnI nA pADavA huM taiyAra nathI, paNa ApaNuM jamAnAmAM jevI chUTa che tenAthI tenuM kahevuM jUduM thAya che eTaluM ja nahi paNa ApaNA bApadAdAnA rivAja ane chUTathI paNa te judo paDe che. kharekhara A vAta kyAre nahotI banatI? ane kyAre e vAta niMdya gaNAtI hatI ? jyAre tenI chUTa nahatI ? je atyAre kAyadesara che te kyAre kAyadesara nahotuM ?" arthAta, lekanI vRttio te kALe kevI hatI ane khristi dharma, vizeSa nahi te chevaTe lokenA vicAramAM ja kevA moTA pheraphAra karI nAMkhyA hatA te A uparathI sahaja jaNAI Avaze. epikaTeTasa ke je bIjI ghaNI kharI bAbate viSe atyaMta sakhta AIka matane hato te paNa pitAnA viSayone paraNyA pahelAM evA saMbaMdha bAMdhavAthI alaga rahevAnI athavA chevaTe je evA saMbaMdha vyabhicArI ke gerakAyadesara gaNAya

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401 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. evA hoya tethI dUra rahevAnI zikhAmaNa Ape che, paNa te sivAya evI anIti karavAvALAne te Thapake ApatA nathI. durAcAranI sAme kAyadA karavA elekajhAMDara severasa ghaNe utsAhI hatA. tathApi jyAre prAMtanA hAkemanI nimaNuMka e karato tyAre sAthe ghoDA ane nekare Apato ane sAthe eka rakhAta paNa mokalate ke jethI karIne vyabhicArane gune e na kare. remana lokeAnI A bAbatamAM kevI lAgaNI hatI te A vAtathI paNa jaNAI Ave che. A leka lAgaNInI virUddha vidharmIonA lekhamAM jhAjhuM lakheluM jovAmAM AvatuM nathI, tathApi tenI sAme valaNa thatuM AvatuM hatuM e vAta paNa lakSamAM levA jevI che. myusaniyasarUphasa spaSTa rIte ane bhAra daIne kahe ke lagna sivAya evA anya saMbaMdha AdaraNIya nathI. DAyana kriosaTama kahe ke vezyAnA dhaMdhAne kAyadAthI dAbI devo joIe. khuda lagnamAM paNa kAMIka pApa che evA tapovRttinA vicAranI paNa sahejasAja jhAMkhI thatI hatI. tethI TayAnAne epaleniyasa kuMvArI jIMdagI gujArato hato. vArasa upajAvavAnI AvazyakatA uparAMta pitAnA svAmInI sAthe rahevAnI jhenebiyA nA pADatI. ghaNA khristi satenI mAphaka hiziyA paNa paraNelI chatAM pitAnuM brahmacarya sAcavI rahI hatI ema kahevAya che. dehanA vikArane vaza nahi thatAM zarIranI vizuddha sAcavI rAkhavAnI pharaja che evI mAnyatA trIjA saikAmAM ghaNI prabaLatA pAmI hatI. mArakasa oreliyasa ane liyana bane A bAbatanA uttama daSTAMta hatAM. darekanI strI gujarI jatAM dareke pitAno A sadAcAra bahu sarasa rIte sAcavI rAkhyo hato. paraMtu darekanA A sadAcAranA svarUpamAM meTa phera hate. gharamAM chokarAone sAvakI mA na lAvavI evA irAdAthI mArakasa oreliyasa pharI para nahi paNa eNe rakhAta rAkhI. jyuliyane saMpUrNa vizuddhi sAcavI rAkhI hatI. uparanI hakIkatathI romana lekAnA nIti-vicAra ane temanuM valaNa jaNAI Ave che. naitika bhAvanAne barAbara tArIkhavAra ItihAsa Apavo azakya che. paraMtu romana sAmrAjyanA pAchalA samayamAM naitika patya agAu

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strIonI padavI.. 407 nA karatAM vadhAre bArIka ane sughaDa thatA jatA hatA e bAbatamAM kAMI saMzayathI, ane Ika matane aMta je piya philasuphIe Apyo hato te philasuphIthI A parivartana uttejIta thayuM hatuM e paNa nirvivAda che. A navA leka valaNane khristi dharma ekadama jhaDapI lIdhuM; ane A vizuddhine sadAcAramAM agatyanuM sthAna ApI te phelAvavAne bane teTale prayAsa pitAnAM vizALa sAdhana vaDe te karavA lAge. kAyadAnA baMdhAraNamAM prathamanA khristi zahenazAhone ati utkaTa utsAha ghaNe dekhAI Ave che. bhaDavAonA gaLAmAM ukALeluM sIsuM reDavuM evI sajAne kAyado thayo. baLAtkAra saMbhogamAM purUSane mRtyunI sajA thatI, ane strInI kabulatathI thatAM strIne paNa vadha thatuM. raMgabhUmi uparanI khelADI strIone khristi dharmanI jaLa mArjana kriyA karyA pachI te dhaMdhe ke jemAM gulAmagIrI ane bhraSTatA ja hatAM te dhaMdhe choDI devAnI paravAnagI maLatI; ityAdi ghaNuM kAyadA thayA. sAthe sAthe dhArmika sajAnA baMdhAraNanI racanA paNa thatI AvatI hatI. dharma saMsthAnA baMdhAraNamAM pativratya-bhaMganA pApa bahu moTI jagA reke che. sRSTi virUddha maithuna karanArane ane je mAtA pitAnI dIkarIne vArAMganA banAve tene prabhu bhojanamAMthI kAyamane mATe bAhiSkAra tha; ane nAnA nAnA aneka dezone sakhata sajA thatI. vaLI tapavRtti pratye lekane utkaTa bhAva upajatAM nItinI A zAkhAne ghaNuM protsAhana maLyuM, ane ghaNI saMta strIonI kuMvArI jIMdagInuM dharma vIratva lekenI kalpanAne ghaNuM mehaka thavA lAgyuM. khristi dharma dharma vIratva batAvanArI aneka strIo upajAvI che. blenDinA nAmanI eka garIba cAkaraDIe briAsta dharmane mATe aneka zArIrika duHkha sahana karI aMta lAyansamAM pitAnI jAtane paNa bhega Apyo hato. ane AvI sthitimAM paNa teo pitAnA AcaraNamAM lajajA ane maryAdazIlatA sAcavavAno Agraha rAkhatI. parapecuA nAmanI saMta strIne jaMgalI sAMDhathI phaDAvI mArI nAMkhavAnI sajA thaI. jyAre sAMDhanA zIMgaDAthI cIrAI medAnanI retI upara adhamuI avasthAmAM e paDI gaI tyAre mRtyunA manI evI bhayaMkara dazAmAM paNa tenI kaumAra maryAda zIlatA

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408 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. bahAra tarI AvI ane pitAne cIrAI gaele pizAka te samo karavA lAgI. Ama maratI vakhate paNa strIo maryAdazIla rahevAno prayAsa karatI. aneka AkarSaka saMtakathAo paNa ubhI thavA lAgI hatI, ane temAMthI ghaNIkharImAM che ke kharekharI uttamatA bahu jovAmAM AvatI nathI, tathApi lekanI lAgaNI kevA jesathI te vakhate e dizAmAM vahetI hatI tenuM bhAna ethI thaI Ave che. vaLI khristi dharma mehanA vikArane kaTTo verI hate e vAta paNa emAMthI spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. saMta jerema eka nahi manAya evI vAtanuM varNana kare che. DAyokalazayananA dharma trAsanA samayamAM eka yuvAna khristine rezamanI phItathI bAMdhI suMdara bagIcAnI vacamAM rAkhe. AMkha ane kAnane meha upajAve evI dareka vastu tenI sAme hAvabhAva karatI ubhI hatI, paNa te yuvAne pitAnI jIbha karaDI te vArAMganA upara e thuMkavA lAgyo ane pitAnuM rakSaNa karyuM. nyAsAnA saMta gregarInI benanuM stana pAkyuM, paNa sarajana te jue e vicAra te sahana karI zakI nahi paraMtu tenI lajajA zIlatAne badale tene maLe, kAraNa ke tene camatkArIka ArAma thaI gaye. vArtAmAM kahelA seMdaryanA kaTibaMdhanI sAme khristi saMto brahmacaryanA pitAnA kaTibaMdhe AgaLa dharatA, ane A kaTibaMdho paheratA. paheranArane vikAra zAMta thaI jate athavA zuddha hoya te ja paherI zakatA. vaLI durAcArInA khoLIAmAM pizAca peThe hoya che ema paNa manAtuM. eka chokarIne bhUta AvatuM hatuM, tene pizAka eka saMta pAse laI jatAM temAMthI saMte zedhI kADhayuM ke e chokarIne eka premI hate. eka vArAMganAe kaI eka saMta upara evuM temata mUkyuM hatuM ke te ene premI hatA ane vacana ApelA paisA ene Apati nahe. tethI te sate eNe mAgelA paisA ene ApyA, paNa turata ja tenA zarIramAM bhUta pesI gayuM. vArAMganAone temanA durAcAranA mArgamAMthI vALavA saMta prayAsa karatA ane tenI paNa aneka kathA kahevAya che. saMta merI mADelena, IjIptanI saMta merI, saMtakA, saMta pelejIyA, saMta thesa, saMta thiyoDeTA ItyAdi ghaNI saMta strIo prathama vArAMganAo ja hatI. evuM kahevAya che ke saMta viTaliyama

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strIonI padavI. , - 40 pADozanA durAcAranA akhADAmAM roja rAtrIe jate; te rAtrIe durAcAramAMthI mukta rahevA temane e paisA Apate, ane teo sudhare evI prabhune prArthanA karate. evuM kahevAya che ke saMta sireviyana eka vakhata misaranA gAmaDAmAMthI jato hato tevAmAM eka vArAMganAe tene IsAra karI bolAvyo. saMta tyAM amuka vakhate game, paNa jatAM veMta ghUMTaNIe paDI te te prArthanA karavA lAgyo ane "Izvara te vArAMganAne evA durAcAramAMthI bacAve" evA uddagAra aMtaHkaraNamAMthI kADhavA lAge. pelI te e badhuM joI ja rahI ane ubhI ja thaI rahI. ema karatAM savAra paDavA AvI. paNa vezyA aMte badalAI sAdhvI thaI gaI; ane DusakAM khAtI khAtI pitAnA pApanuM prAyazcita kare evA koI paNa sthaLe ene laI javAnuM saMtane e kahevA lAgI. brahmacaryanuM pAlana ghaNuM agatyanuM che e vAta manuSyanAM mana upara kasAvavAnA saMtonA AgrahathI samAjanI sevA ghaNI thaI che, paNa sAthe eka bIjuM moTuM nukasAna paNa emaNe samAjane karyuM che. janmavuM ane maravuM e mANasane mAthe kudaratI kAyado che ane te anivArya che. vanaspatisRSTimAM paNa e kAyado pravartamAna che. ane lagnamAM bhraSTAcAra samajI koI lagna na kare te duniyAne aMta thaDA ja kALamAM AvI jAya. tapavRtti lagnane AdamanA patananuM pariNAma ja lekhe che, ane tethI lagna saMsthAnI te halakAmAM halakI gaNanA kare che, kAmaLa prema temAMthI upaja Ave che, pavitra ane suMdara kauTuMbika guNe tene pagale pagale cAlyA Ave che, A badhI vAtonI gaNanA lagabhaga te karatI ja nathI. tapadhArIne uddeza lokene kuMvArI jIdagI pratye AkarSavAne hatA, ane tenuM Avazyaka pariNAma e AvyuM ke lagnAvasthAne leke halakI gaNavA lAgyA. prajAnI utpatti mATe tenI jarUra che ane tethI te Avazyaka che ane vaLI tethI mANaso moTA doSa karatAM aTake che e badhI vAtane svIkAra ha; chatAM te avasthA Akhare halakI te kharI je evI mAnyatA hatI. tethI gRhasthAzrama pratye no abhAva upajAvavAnuM temAM valaNa che. jeNe kharekharI

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410 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. pavitratA prApta karavI hoya teNe te kuMvArA rahevuM e eno upadeza che. tethI strI ke purUSamAM tapavRttinI IcchA prabaLa thaI eTale temanA gRha sthAzramane te rAmarAma. lagnanA lAkaDAne kuMvArApaNAnA muvADAthI kApI nAkhavuM " e saMta jeromanI jIMdagIne uddeza ja hatuM, ane lagnathI kumArikAo nIpajI zake che eTaluM ja temAM sAruM che, ema te kaheto hato. paraNyA pachI paNa tapavRttinI prabaLatAnuM viSa cAlu rahetuM. kauTuMbika jIvananA bIjA saMbaMdhomAM AthI keTalI kaDavAza AvatI te ApaNe AgaLa joyuM che. paraMtu strI purUSanA saMbaMdhamAM te tethI dazagaNuM kaDavAza vadhI paDatI. bemAMthI eka tapevRtti tarapha vaLatAM teo chUTA paDatAM, agara eka chAparA nIce rahevA chatAM eka bIjAthI alaga rahI akudaratI jIvana gALatAM. khristi vRddhonAM lakhANamAM aneka saMta jIvananI kathAmAM AvA dAkhalA aneka che. saMta nAIlasa para, be chokarAM thayAM, ane pachI rotI kaLakaLatI pitAnI bAIDIne samajAvI tenI kabulata meLavI e tapadhArI thaI gayo. saMta emena paraNyAnI pahelI rAtrIe ja bAIDIne upadezavA lAgyo ke lagnamAM te pApa che. ane turata ja bane chUTA paDI gayAM. saMta meleniyAe ghaNe lAMbe vakhata pitAnA dhaNIne AjIjI karI pitAne alaga rAkhavAnI kabulata meLavI hatI. lagnanI rAtrIe ja saMta ebrAhama pitAnI strIne choDIne nAsI gayo hate. saMta elekSise paNa ema ja karyuM hatuM ema kahevAya che. paNa ghaNuM varSa pachI jerUselemathI pitAnA pitAne ghera e Avyo; ahIM enI strI hajI enA tyAgane zoca karatI hatI: paNa A saMte ajANyA mANasa tarIke gharamAM rahevAnI bhIkha mAgI jIvatAM sudhI ajANe te gharamAM e rahyo hato. pitAnAM lagna thaI gayAne lIdhe pitAne abhAgIo mAnatA nyAsAnA saMta gregarIe kuMvArApaNanI khuba prazaMsA karI che ane te amUlya lAbha tene maLI zake nahi tene mATe ghaNe zoca eNe karyo che. e kahetA ke pitAnI mahenatanuM phaLa pite ja kadi paNa nahi jogavavAne sarjita thaelA jevI athavA khetaramAM haLamAM jutelA baLada jevI, athavA taLAvane kAMThe ubhele chatAM tenuM pANI nahi pIvAne sarajAelA

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- - - - - ' strIonI padavI. 411 tarasyA jevI; athavA pitAnA pADozInI dolatane vicAra karatA garIba mANasa jevI, tenI dazA hatI; ane paraNetara chadagInA dukha ane kaMTALAnuM tIvra citra e Ape che. jemAM strI purUSo paraNyA chatAM eka bIjAthI alaga rahevAnuM kabula karatAM evAM mAtra nAmanAM ja lagna paNa thoDAM thatAM nahi. zahenazAha hetrI bIje, IglAMDane eDavarDa dhI kanaphesara, spenane Alaphenso bIje, ityAdi e vAtanAM dRSTAMta che. Inacuriosisa nAmane galane eka tAlevaMta yuvAna eka yuvAna kumArikA upara atyaMta premabaddha hato ane tene paraNI ghera lAvyuM. te ja rAtrIe AMkhamAM AMsu lAvI navala vadhue kabula karI dIdhuM ke eNe te kumArikA-trata grahaNa karyuM hatuM ane tenA premanI khAtara A lagna karavAmAM e doravAI hatI te bAbata have ene ghaNo pastAvo thato hato. patie kahyuM ke paraNyA chatAM e vrata eNe pALavuM; ane teo bhegAM rahyAM, paNa patnie pitAnuM vrata chevaTa paryata abhaMga rAkhyuM. ghaNA varSa ghachI jyAre e bAI gujarI gaI tyAre patie tene dATatAM dATatAM kahyuM ke je pavitra sthitimAM e ene maLI hatI tenI te ja pavitra sthitimAM Izvarane e pAchI soMpI de che. A sAMbhaLI mRta patnInA moM upara smita pharakyuM ane teNe kahyuM: "je bAbata viSe tamane kaI pUchatuM nathI e vAta tame zA mATe bole che ? " theDA ja vakhata pachI te pati paNa maraNa pAme ane jyAre enA mRtadehane te ja kabaramAM paNa jUdo dATavAmAM AvyuM tyAre phirastAe AvI bannene sAthe mUkI dIdhAM. AvA upadezanuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke kauTuMbika jIvanamAM ghaNuM geravyavasthA peThI ane nAstika varga ghaNe svachaMdI thavA lAge. tethI svAbhAvika rIte ja dharma-saMsthAnA vadhAre DAhyA AgevAne bhayabhIta thavA lAgyA; eTale e Adeza thayo ke paraNelAM manuSyoe eka bIjAnI paravAnagI lIdhA vinA tapadhArI jIvanamAM praveza kare nahi, tema chatAM tapovRttinA dASTabiMdumAM kAMI phera paDyo nahi. paraNavuM ja nahi, ane paraNavuM te eka bIjAthI kevaLa alaga rahevuM e vAta pavitratAnI sAbIti gaNavA lAgI, ane lagnamAM paNa halakAI ane bhraSTatA gaNAvA lAgI.

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41ra yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsaA apavitratAe ghaNuM rUpa lIdhAM ane keTalAka saikAo paryata dharmasaMsthA upara enI ghaNuM asara thaI. A pramANe madhya kALamAM, prabhubhojananA mAnamAM kriyA thayA pachInI rAtrIe strI purUSe alaga rahevAne rivAja hate. je AgalI rAtrIe strI purUSa alaga rahyAM na hoya to dharmanA keI mahAna mahotsavamAM temaNe bhAga na le e spaSTa Adeza hato. mahAna saMta gregarI kahe che ke eka yuvAna strIe A zarata paripUrNa karI nahotI chatAM saMta sebAsTiyananA varaghoDAmAM bhAga lIdho hato tethI tene pizAca vaLage hateAvI bhUlanuM je pApa kare tene mATe narakamAM paNa khAsa duHkhanI jagA nirmANa karI hoya che ema AlaberikanI divya-daSTimAM paNa varNavyuM che. arthAta e vakhate A bAbatamAM vicAra ke hato te A saghaLAthI jaNAI Ave che. lagna pratye AvI daSTi thavAthI be pariNAma bIja paNa AvyAM. bIjI vAra paraNavAne atyaMta aNagame lokomAM upajyo ane pAdarI vargane kuMvArA rAkhavAnI prabaLa IcchA utpanna thaI. remana lekamAM bIjI vAranAM lagna pratye aNagame ane kaMTALo prAthamika samayamAM hatuM, paNa tenuM svarUpa bhinna hatuM ane tenAM AMtarika kAraNe jUdAM hatAM, te lekamAM je eka lagnathI saMtuSTa rahe tene maryAdazIlatAna mugaTa paherAvavAmAM Avato hato ane ekathI vadhAre lo geravAjabI aniyamitapaNAnuM cihna gaNAtuM hatuM. pitAnA pati pratye je prema rAkhavAnI strInI pharaja che te evo vizuddha ane gaMbhIra che ke patinA mRtyu pachI paNa te TakI rahevo joIe ane e prema pachI koI anya upara coMTI ja zake nahi evI atyaMta sughaDa ane lAgaNIvALI vRttimAMthI mukhyatve karIne A vicAra ucharI Avyo hoya ema jaNAya che. A vicAra, DAIDonA mukhamAM varjala bahu suMdara zabdomAM muke che, ane pitAne pati gujarI gayA pachI ekAMta vAsamAM rahI patismaraNamAM ja AkhI jIMdagI gALavAnA ghaNI strIonA dAkhalA romanA ItihAsamAMthI maLI Ave che. temAMthI keTalIka te bharayuvAnImAM hatI. kemilasanA kuTuMbamAM bIjI vAranAM lagna kaI karatuM nahi;

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strIonI padavI. 413 tethI te kuTuMbane khAsa mAna ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. eka mana kavi kahe ke strI jIvatI hoya tyAre tenA upara prema rAkhavAmAM AnaMda che; paNa tenA gata thayA pachI tenA upara prema rAkhavAmAM dharmanuM kAma che. paraMtu bIjA lagnanI aghaTitatA strIonA saMbaMdhamAM jeTalI lAgatI teTalI purUSanA saMbaMdhamAM ghaNuM karIne lAgatI nahi, ane jeTalI lAgatI hatI tenuM kAraNa anya hatuM. chokarAne sAvakI mAnuM duHkha na thAya eTalA mATe ghaNuM karIne purUSo pharIne paraNatA nahi. pharI lagnathI je naitika vRttine A pramANe AMcako lAgato hato te vRtti khristionI tapovRttimAM bhaLI gaI, paNa tene mATe kAraNo judAM apAvA lAgyAM. prathama te, ApaNane mAlama paDe che ke patinA premALa smaraNane lIdhe kriya rahevuM joIe e vAta taddana jatI rahI. bIjI vAta e che ke strI purUSanA saMbaMdhamAM atyaMta bhraSTatA rahelI che e vAta lakSamAM rAkhI khristi dharmanA lekhake lagabhaga hamezAM kahetA ke bIjI ke trIjIvAranAM lagno mAtra pazuvRttine tRpta karavAnI khAtaraja thAya che. khristi dharmanA keTa: lAka paMthavALAo te bIjIvAranA lagnane kevaLa geravAjabI ja gaNatA hatA, Astika mata evAM lagnane janasvabhAvamAM rahelI nirbaLatAne lIdhe vAjabI to gaNatA hatA chatAM te pratye nA pasaMdagI pUrepUrI jaNAvatA hatA. manuSyanA svabhAvamAM rahelA bhraSTa tatvane anusarI ekavAra lagna karyuM to bhale karyuM; eTalI ja bhraSTatA; paNa bIjIvAra lagna karIne vadhAre bhraSTa zAmATe thavuM ? arthAta A bIjA lagnathI eTaluM ja siddha thAya che ke e bhraSTatA vadhAre bhraSTa thaI che, kAraNa ke lagna jAte ja bhraSTa che ema teo mAnatA hatA. A viSaya paratve khristi vRddhonI bhASA atyAre ApaNane bahu vicitra lAge che, ane prathama lagnanI paravAnagI ApaSTa zabdomAM ane punaH punaH kathanathI je temaNe ApI che te ApI na hatI te emaja lAgata ke lagnane teo kevaLa bhraSTa ja gaNe che. dAkhalA tarIke, ekSanA garAsa bIjI vAranA lagnane "sabhya vyabhicAra" ja kahete hate. elekjhAMDiyAnA kalemeTanA mata pramANe, vyAbhicAra eTale eka lagna pachI ghaNAM lagna karavAM teja. saMta jerAma kahe

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414 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNa ItihAsa. to ke prathamanA Adamane eka ja strI hatI; bIjA Adamane eke nahatI. je leke bIjIvAranA lagnane vAjabI gaNe che te trIjA Adamane mAne che ane te be vAra paraNyo hato." te punaH kahe che "vicAra kare ke je strI bIjIvAra paraNelI hoya te je ke vRddha ane apaMga hoya ane garIba hoya topaNa dharmanI sakhAvata levAne lAyaka te gaNAtI nathI. paNa je sakhAvatane roTale tenI kanethI laI levAmAM Ave che, te svargane roTale keTale badhe bhAre che!" arthAta te strI narakamAM jaze. orijananA mata pramANe "bIjIvAranA lagna karanArA Izu khristanA nAme bacI jAya che, paNa Izu khrista paNa temane vijaya te apAvI zakato ja nathI." "tethIja," Izukhrista ane dharma saMsthAnA joDANanI je sarakhAmaNI saMtapela lagnanI sAthe kare che tene uddezIne saMgregarI nejhIana ema kaheH "bIjIvAranAM lagna mane geravAjabI jaNAya che. jo Izukhrista be hoya te be pati ke be patnI haya. Izukhrista je eka ja hoya, te lohI paNa eka ja che; te pachI bIjuM lagna niMdya che. paNa je bIjAnI ja e manAI kare che, te pachI trIjA lagnanuM te zuM kahevuM?" kharuM jotAM strI purUSoe dharmane ja varavuM joIe, saMsArane prathama pati ja bIje che, ane tenI paNa mAMDamAMDa chUTa ane kSamA maLe che, tyAM trIjanI to vAta karavAnI paNa kayAM rahI ? trIjAmAM te pApa ja che; ane tethI paNa AgaLa jAya tene te pazu ja samajavo joIe tethI be vAra paraNele mANasa pAdarI thaI zakato nahi, dharma-saMsthAnI sakhAvata tene maLatI nahi ane amuka kALa prAyazcita karyA vinA prabhubhojanamAM tene bhAga maLato nahi. je kadI be vAra paraNyo hoya tene IMglAMDamAM madhyakALamAM pAdarIne lAbha mRtyu samaye maLate nahi; ItyAdi dharmanI aneka sakhtAI A bAbatamAM hatI. ' pAdarIone kuMvArA rAkhavAnI bAbatamAM paNa dharmanI vRtti jaNAI Ave che, paNa A bAbata ghaNI vizALa che, ane tethI tene isAre. mAtra atra ApaNe karazuM. A viSaya paratve be vAta sarvamAnya che. dharma saMsthAnA baMdhAraNanI cheka zarUAtamAM pAdarIone paraNavAnI chUTa hatI,

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- strIonI padavI. . 415 bIjI vAta e che ke lagnanI apavitratAne vicAra astitvamAM hatA ane ema lAgatuM ke pAdarI varga pavitratAnA zikhararUpa hovAthI bIjA karatAM te vargane lagnanI bAbatamAM ochI chUTa hovI joIe. A vRttinuM prathamarUpa e thayuM ke pAdarInA bIjA lagnamAM ke vidhavA sAthe tenA lagnamAM geravAjabIpaNuM ane pApa che evI daDha mAnyatA utpanna thaI. dharma-saMsthAnA cheka prAthamika kALathI A mAnyatA astitvamAM AvI hoya ema jaNAya che, ane ghaNuM saikAo paryata e mAnyatAne eka avAje sau vaLagI rahyA hatA. pachI ema samajAvA lAgyuM ke paraNelA pAdarIe pAdarI thayA pachI pitAnI strInA samAgamamAM vizuddha rahevuM e sadAcAra che; pachI ema samajAyuM ke tema karavuM e kartavya ja che. prathama te A niyama paratve sakhtAI bahu thatI nahi; paraMtu cothA saikAmAM e siddhAMta spaSTa thayo ke pAdarIoe paraNavAmAM pApa che; chatAM pAdarIo paraNatA hatA, ane sAmAnya rIte temanAM lagna ughADe choge thatAM hatAM. dharma saMsthAnA adhikArIoe A bAbatamAM samaya jatAM je je judA judA abhiprAya bAMdhyA hatAM te vAta nItinA ItihAsamAM eka ati vilakSaNa pRSTa che, ane niyame karIne kuMvArApaNAnI vyavasthA bAMdhavA jatAM kevAM mAThAM pariNAma Ave tene prabaLa pUrA A pRSTa che. je lekhakane madhyakALanA ItihAsanI pUrI pAdharI khabara nathI teo sAmAnya rIte ema mAne che ke je jamAnAmAM lekanI AsthA kaMpita thaI nahatI te jamAnAmAM nItinI vizuddhi ghaNuM moTI hatI ane tethI dharma-sudhAraNAnA AgaLanA eka saikAmAM maThomAM je ghora anIti cAlatI hatI te navI ja dAkhala thaI hatI. paNa A mAnyatA kevaLa bhUla bharelI che. dharma saMbaMdhI lekhake badhA eka sarakhI rIte sAkSI pUre che ke AThamA ane tenI pachInA traNa saikAmAM dharma-saMsthAmAM pisI gaelI anIti bIjA koI kALa karatAM ochI nahatI. arthAta dharmanI AvI draSTine lIdhe pAdarI vargamAM anAcAra ghaNo vadhI gayo hato ane lagabhaga AkhA dazamA saikAmAM te pipa pote paNa ghaNI durAcArI jIdagI gALatA hatA. jaMgalI rAjAo nAnI umare paraNatA, kevaLa svachaMdI

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416 yuropiya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. rIte vartatA hatA, ane dharmasaMsthAmAM AgaLa paDatA mobhA bhogavatA; ane ghara anAcAra tvarAthI badhe prasarI gayA hatA. dazamA saikAne iTAlIne eka dharmagurU pitAnA samayamAM cAlatA durAcAranuM citra ApatAM TUMkAmAM kahe che ke jo dharmanA kAnuna barAbara amalamAM mUkavA mAMDIe te dharmasaMsthAmAM koI rahe nahi, kAraNa ke e saMsthAmAM nAnA chokarAM sivAya koI cepyuM nahotuM, ane te paNa anaurasa hatAM. A anAcAra eTale badhe te vadhI paDyo hato ke dharmagurUone potAnI jagA vArasAmAM mUkI javAne bhaya ethI vizeSa vakhata upajya hate. dharmagurUo rakhAta rAkhe te tenA upara eka kara levA ane saikAo paryata rAjAoe te lIdho hato. Ave anAcAra sahana karavA karatAM pAdarIo paraNe to temAM kAMI khoTuM nathI ema paNa manAvA lAgyuM hatuM. ane camatkAra karI batAvavAnI zaktimAM lagna naDatara rUpa thatuM nathI ema batAvavA agIAramA saikAmAM keTalAMka daSTAti paNa varNavavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. chatAM dharma-sabhAo "lagnamAM pApa che" e TharAva karatI ane moTA moTA saMte paNa temAM anumodana ApatA. Ama pAdarIo je jIMdagI gujAratA hatA te siddhAMtamAM te sAmAnya rIte pAparUpa gaNatI hatI. A pramANe eka vakhata pitAnA vrattane bhaMga karyA pachI jANI joIne pApa AcaratA pAdarIo sAmAnya mANasa karatAM paNa vadhAre adhama thaI jAya che. temAM Azcarya pAmavA jevuM kazuM nathI. trevIsamApa jainane getragamana ane vyabhicArane mATe sajA thaI hatI; IMglAMDanA eka pAdarIne eka gAmaDAmAM sattara anairasa chokarAM hatAM; spenanA eka pAdarIe sItera rakhAto rAkhI hatI; ane lIjanA bizapa hetrI trIjAne 65 anaurasa bALake hatAM. AvA chUTA chavAyA dAkhalAno vicAra ApaNe na karIe, te paNa mAtra rakhAtanA deSathI paNa vadhAre moTA durAcAranuM citra dharmasabhAo ane lekhakenA lakhANamAM ApaNI dRSTie paDayA vinA rahetuM nathI. evuM kahevAya che ke jyAre pAdarIo paraNatA tyAre temanI strIone jyAre khabara paDatI ke evAM lagna dharmanI dRSTimAM kAyadesara gaNAtAM nathI

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strIonI padavI. 417 tyAre teo vaphAdAra rahetI nahi. lekhake kahe che ke maThanI sAdhvI strIomAM atyaMta anAcAra pravAryo hato ane bALahatyAo asaMkhya thavA lAgI hatI. pAdarIo getragamana karavA lAgyA hatA, ane A anAcAra eTale badho vadhI paDavo hato ke pAdarIoe mA bahena sAthe paNa na rahevuM evA aneka vAra kAyadA karavA paDyA hatA. khristi dharmanI eka moTI sevA sRSTi. virUddha maithunane jaDamULathI nAza karavAnI hatI. te durAcAra paNa have maThamAM kavacita thato ApaNe sAMbhaLIe chIe. vaLI dharmane nAme thatI kabulatene upaga durAcAramAM thavA lAgyo ane tenI sAme pikAra uThavA lAgyo. daramyAna dharmamAM te aneka sakhata baMdhana thatAM rahyAM hatAM. pAdarIoe gupta lagna karavAM nahi; prathama paraNelA pAdarIoe pitAnI strIo joDe vyavahAra kare nahi ityAdi aneka kAyadAo thayA hatA. tathApi leka-abhiprAya paNa temAM bhaLe, ane paraNelA pAdarIonI durdazA thavA lAgI; ane aMte pAdarIo kuMvArA rahevA lAgyA. chatAM hajI e bAbatamAM aniyamitatA keTalI badhI hatI te maThanI saMsthAne jyAre nAbuda karavAmAM AvI tyAre maThomAM mAlama paDI AvelA ghera durAcArethI, ane leke pitAnA pAdarIone khAta rAkhavAnI pharaja pADatA, ityAdi vAtathI spaSTa dIsI Ave che. dharmagurUonA AvA jIvananI ghaNI ja mAThI asara lokonI raheNIkaraNI upara thayA vinA rahetI nathI. keTesTaMTa deze ke jyAM pAdarIne para NavAnI chUTa hoya che tyAM lekenI nIti ane sthiti upara bahu moTI ane sArI asara thaelI che e vAta ItihAsathI siddha thAya che. e dezamAM sarvatra sukha, zAMti, saMtoSa ane anAyAse tha sadAcAra jovAmAM Ave che; ane mAMdAnI mulAkAtamAM, garIbone thatI sahAyamAM, ucharatA yuvakane apAtA upadezamAM; pAdarIonI strIone puSkaLa avakAza ane parizramanAM sthaLa maLe che, ane AvI bAbatamAM strIonuM kArya-kaizalya khAsa karIne bahu upayogI thAya che.

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pUrIpala ne 418 yUropiya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. paraMtu kethalika pAdarI je pramANikatAthI kuMvArI jIdagI gALe te evI jAtanA namunAne mANasa e banI jAya che ke jemAM gaMbhIra ane bhayaMkara doSonI sAthe mANasajAta mahA prayAse meLavI zake evA keTalAka uttama guNe paNa bhaLelA hoya che. saMsAranA prema ane ghaNuM kharAM baMdhanathI mukta, kethalika saMpradAyanI saMkucita dRSTie jIvanane ghaNuM karIne jevAvALA ane manuSya svabhAvane kamaLa ane vistRta kare evA saMbaMdhothI rahita thaelA evA A kethalika gurUo atyaMta prabaLa ane krara dharma-jhanuna mATe ghaNuM karIne mazahura thaelA che ane potAnI dharma-saMsthA sivAya bIjI badhI bAbatanA bedarakAra mAlama paDelA che. temanI sahRdayatAne pradeza saMkUcita hovAne lIdhe, ane buddhigata tAbedArI temaNe vahorelI hovAthI yuvakone zikSaNa ApavAnA kAmamAM khAsa karIne teo ayogya hoya che, ane duniyAnA durbhAgye e zikSaNa lAMbo kALa temanA hAthamAM rahyuM hatuM. bIjI rIte joIe te dharmamAM eka cittavALA, daDha, bIna svAtha, duniyAnI vahAlAmAM vahAlI vastuone kartavyanI khAtara bhoga ApanArA, ane duHkha, saMkaTa ane mRtyu vakhate aDaga manavALA te hoya che. AvA sArA namunAnA kethalika pAdarIo madhyakALanA ati aMdhakAramaya samayamAM paNa ghaNA thayA hatA e vAta kharI; paraMtu ekaMdare padarIonA durAcArathI jana-samAjanI raheNIkaraNIupara bahu mAThI asarathaI hatI e vAta paNa nirvivAda che; ane vizuddhinI bAbatamAM bristi dharmanA upadeze je meTI jana-sevAo bezaka bajAvI che temanI kiMmata ethI ochI thaI jAya che. pAdarInI strIo atyAre samAjamAM je mobho bhogave che te mobho rakhAto bhagave eTale darajaje pAdarIonA te saMbaMdhane saMpUrNa svIkAra kadi thayo nahote, ane nItinA mukhya upadezake ane daSTAMtabhUta purUSo sAmAnya rIte evA saMbaMdhamAM pitAnuM jIvana gALe ke je saMbaMdhane leke saMzaya paDato ke beTo mAne tenI asara dezanA dareka varga upara ghaNI kharAba thaelI hovI joIe, tethI karIne nItimAM temane dAkhalo bezaka bahu kharAba beThele che joIe. jana-svabhAvamAM rahelA kudaratI tatvanI sAthe ja virodha

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strIonI padavI. 419 mAMDI beThelI tapovRttie dhArelA pariNAmathI kevaLa jUduM ja pariNAma upajAvyuM ane dharmane siddhAMta jANavA chatAM pAdarIo anAcAramAM jata. aTakyA nahi. lagna pratye niraMtara halakI dRSTie jovAnI TevathI ane lagnamAM jo ke vAjabI udeza hoya to te mAtra vastInI vRddhi che evI gaNanAthI, kalpanA upara khAsa karIne bhraSTa asara thavA lAgI. moTI bhakatANuM banI bAIDIo potAnA patithI alaga rahevA IcchatI; tethI patione gaMbhIra prakAranI bhraSTatAmAM pravRtta thavAnI jarUra paDatI hatI. vahAlAmAM vahAlA saMbaMdhamAM pApane vicAra praveza pAme ane lagnane A viSaya chatA. ane saMkucita dRSTithI jevAvA lAge. preTesTaMTa matathI eka moTo lAbha e zo ke vicAra ane vRttinI A paddhati eNe saMsAramAMthI hAMkI kADhI, ane lagnane pavitratA ane mobho punaH prApta karI ApyAM. Ama kudaratanA kAyadA sAme vartavAthI pariNAma sAruM na AvyuM. lagnane manuSyanA vyavahAramAM yogya sthAna ApavAthI ja samAjanuM zreya thAya che. tapattinuM bIjuM aniSTa pariNAma e AvyuM ke strIonI pratiSThA ane padavIne atyaMta halakI gaNavAnuM valaNa pedA thayuM. A valaNamAM yAhudI lekanAM lakhANonI asara ApaNane spaSTa mAlama paDI Ave che. kanyAnA bApane kharIdInA paisA ApavAnA rIvAjane svIkAra temanAmAM hata; ekathI vadhAre strI karavAnI paravAnagI hatI, ane sArAmAM sArA mANaso paNa ghaNI bAIDIo karatA hatA. manuSyanA duHkhanuM mULa strI gaNAtI hatI. dareka bALakanA janma pachI strIne vizuddha thavAne amuka kALa TharAvyo hato, ane putra karatAM putrInI bAbatamAM te bamaNo hato. eka yahudI lekhake bhAra daIne kahyuM ke strInI mohaka sArapa karatAM purUSanI bhaMDapa sArI hoya che. yAhudInA itihAsanA prAthamika samayamAM strInI sarvottamattAnA je namunA citaravAmAM AvyA che te ghaNuM karIne bahu halakA prakAranA che, ane remanA itihAsamAM, ke grIka-kavitAmAM je namunA ApaNe joIe chIe temanAthI bezaka utaratA che. ' yAhudI lekenA lakhANomAMthI cAlI AvelI A asaramAM tapa

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420 yuropiya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. vRttie umere karyo. purUSane phasAvanAruM mukhya sAdhana strI che ema tapavRtti gaNatI hatI, ane tethI khristi vRddhonA lakhANamAM strIonI bhAre niMdA jevAmAM Ave che. vicitra vAta e che ke eja khristi vRddho amuka amuka strIonAM bhAre vakhANa paNa karatA hatA. strI narakanuM dvAra che, mANasane je je duHkha paDe che te saghaLAnI janetA strI che ema teo kahetA hatA. pote strI che eTalI ja vAtathI strIoe zaramAvuM joIe, ane duniyA upara je saMkaTo eNe ApyA che temane mATe niraMtara pazcAttApa ane prAyazcita eNe karavAM joIe; ItyAdi hareka prakAre tene nIca ane halakI gaNavAmAM AvatI hatI, ane tenA zarIra-soMdaryanI khAsa karIne niMdA karavAmAM AvatI hatI. pitAne ughADe hAthe prabhu-bhojananI prasAdI paNa keTaleka ThekANe levAnI " strIone manAI hatI. arthAta temanI padavI purUSa karatAM utaratI che e vAta khAsa karIne niraMtara lakSamAM rAkhavAmAM AvatI hatI. - pariNAma e thayuM ke vidharmI rAjyamAM strInI padavI kAyadAmAM ucca lekhavAmAM AvatI hatI te vicAra naSTa thayo; ane evA kAyadA khristi samayamAM thavA lAgyA ke jethI karIne strIne kAMte paraNavuM paDe ane kAM to maThamAM jaI sAdhI thavuM paDe. arthAt strInI padavI kAyadAmAM paNa parataMtra thaI paDI. strInA lAbhamAM vArasAnA je udAra kAyadA thayA hatA te badhA adRzya thaI gayA, ane strInA geralAbhamAM jatA A kAyadAne rada karavAne gaMbhIra prayAsa chellA eTale aDhAramA saikA paryata thayo nahote. vizuddhinuM raNa ucca karavAnA prayAsamAM khristi vRddhone jaMgalIonA humalA ane vijyathI bahu sahAya maLI hatI. saMkhyAbaMdha gulAma mukta thayA. sArvajanika ramata baMdha paDI, dezanI durdazA thaI jatAM leke nirdhana thaI gayA; A badhA pheraphAra strInA sadAcAranI vRddhine anukULa hatA. vaLI sudharelA karatAM jaMgalIomAM strIone sadAcAra ghaNe vizeSa hate. vyabhicAra temanAmAM kavacita ja dekhAte. vyabhicArI strInuM mAthe beDAvI gharamAMthI hAMkI kADhI mAratAM mAratAM AkhA zaheramAM tenI phajetI karavAmAM AvatI; ane tevI strI yuvAna, suMdara ke paisAdAra hoya to paNa tene koI

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strIonI padavI. - 421 paraNatuM nahi. rAjAo ja mAtra ghaNuM strIo karatA, paNa te zokhanI khAtara nahi paNa zebhAnI khAtara. pitAnAM bALakene mAtAo ja dhavarAvatI hatI. bALa hatyAnI manAI hatI. vidhavAone pharI paraNavAnI rajA nahatI. purUSone baMdhIkhAnAnI bIka pitA karatAM pitAnI strIone mATe vadhAre , rahetI. strIomAM bhaviSya jANavAnI pavitra zakti rahelI che ema teo mAnatA hatA, ane ghaNI vAra teo temanI AgAhI pramANe cAlatA hatA. AvuM varNana TesITase pitAnA eka graMthamAM jarmana lekenI vizuddhinuM ApyuM che. sAmAnya rIte ema manAya che ke A graMthamAM TesITasane uddeza pitAnA svadezI baMdhuonI svachaMdI rItabhAga pratye nA pasaMdagI batAvavAnuM hatuM ane tethI jaMgalIonA sadAcAranuM citra ApavAmAM eNe bahu atizayokti vAparI hatI. tathApi ekaMdare e citranI satyatAmAM zaMkA lAvavAnuM kAMI kAraNa nathI. strIone phasAvanArane muA pachI anya duniyAmAM bhayaMkara sajA thAya che evI puSkaLa vAte kenDineviyAnA purANamAM kahelI che. jaMgalInI strIo vaiduM karatI ane svapnanA khulAsA ApatI, ane ghaNI vAra laDAImAM pitAnA pationI sAthe jatI, verAI gayelA lazkarane pAchuM ekaThuM karI ApatI, ane khuda laDAImAM paNa pite bhAga letI. ogasTasane mAlama paDyuM hatuM ke jaMgalI rAjAone bAna tarIke rAkhavA e nirarthaka hatuM, paraMtu temanI strIone pakaDavAthI teo avazya vaphAdAra rahetA hatA. strIoe zairya batAvyAnA dAkhalA paNa maLI Ave che. meriyase jyAre TayuTana lekenA eka lazkara upara vijaya meLavyuM tyAre TayuTana strIo tenI pAse gaI ane deva-kumArikAonI temane yAkaraDI thavA devAnI rajA mAgI ke jethI karIne gulAmagIrImAM paNa temanI AbarU sacavAI rahe. paNa jyAre temanI A arajanI nA pADavAmAM AvI tyAre teja rAtre te badhI pitAne hAthe ApaghAta karI marI chUTI. eka vAra eka sattAvAna amIre kAmA nAmanI eka geleziyana strInA hAthanI mAgaNI karI. paraMtu A strI pitAnA patine vaphAdAra hatI, ane tethI te amIranA keI kAlA

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4 yuropiya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa, vAlA eNe dhyAnamAM lIdhA nahi. game te prakAre paNa te strIne meLavavAnA irAdAthI tenA dhaNIne te amAre mArI naMkhAvyo, eTale te strI DAyenAnA devaLamAM pUjAraNa thaI gaI. pachI te amIre mANase upara mANase mokalI te bAIne bahu samajAvI; ane thoDoka kALa vItyA bAda tenI rUbarU thavAnI eNe hAma bhIDI tyAre te bAIe khuzI hovAne dekhAva karyo paNa kahyuM ke devIne prathama artha ApavAnI jarUra che. pachI jhera bheLavele dArUne hAle hAthamAM laI devInI pUjA karavA te madIramAM AvI, ane aradho pite pI bAkIno aradhe tenA pApI Azakane Akho. jyAre te pI rahyA tyAre vera levAnI ane pitAnA svAmIne jaI maLavAnI pitAne maLelI takane mATe te ghaNI khuzI thaI ane marI gaI. epaninA nAmanI eka gola strIne dAkhale te ethI paNa vadhAre vilakSaNa che. tenA pati jyuliyasa sebinase vesapeziyananI sAme baLavo karyo hato, paNa te hArI gayo. have te sahelAIthI jarmanImAM bhAgI jaI zake ema hatuM, paNa pitAnI yuvAna patnInA viyogane vicAra tenAthI sahana thaI zakayo nahi. tethI pitAnI eka suMdara ekAMtavAsI milkatamAM te bhAgI gaye ane nIce bhayarAmAM te rahyA. pachI pite ApaghAta karIne marI gayo evI vAta phelAvavAnuM pitAnA eka choDI mUkelA gulAmane kahI mRta zarIrane khulAse ApavA te milkatane Aga lagADI. ANI tarapha epeninAe AtmaghAtanA samAcAra sAMbhaLI traNa divasa sudhI anna lIdhuM nahi ane jamIna upara paDI rahI. chevaTe pelA mANase AvI badhI hakIkata kahI, tyAre divase pitAnA dhaNIne zoca kare jArI rAkhI rAtrIe te ene maLavA lAgI. ema karatAM te sagabhAM thaI paNa snehIothI e vAta te gupta rAkhI zakI. chevaTe Akhara dahADAmAM te ekalI bhoMyarAmAM gaI ane koI paNa jAtartI madada vinA joDakAMne eNe janma Apyo ane emane te ucheravA lAgI. Ama nava varSa vItI gayAM; paNa sebinasane aMte tyAM pati maLe. tene pakaDayo ane te bAInA aneka kAlAvAlA chatAM tene dehAMta karavAmAM Avyo ane vepeziyananI kIrtine

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strIono padavI. 42 3 kAyamanuM kalaMka coMTayuM. paraMtu jaMgalIonI naitika vizuddhi tapavRttinA daSTibiMduthI taddana bhinna prakAranI hatI. tenuM badhuM je mAtra lagnanI bAbata upara ja ekatra thayuM hatuM. lagna saMbaMdhamAM uttama prakAranI vaphAdArI batAvavAmAM te bahAra paDI AvatI, paraMtu kuMvArI jIMdagInA je aniSTa pariNAma pAdarI vargamAM AvyAM te aTakAvavAnI yogyatA enAmAM thoDI ja hatI. vaLI jaMgalI rAjAomAM bahu strI karavAne rivAja hato ane saikAo sudhI khristi dharma temAM kAMI paNa aTakAyata karI zakyo nahoto. kerIbarTa ane zilaparIka bane rAjAone ekI vakhate ghaNuM rANIo hatI. koTera rAjA pitAnI strInI hayAtImAM tenI benane paraNyo hato, ane rAjAnA A IrAdAnI khabara paDatAM te strIe nIce pramANe kahyuM kahevAya che. "mArA prabhunI najaramAM je sAruM lAge te belAzaka kare; mAtra tamArI A dAsI upara kRpA rAkho eTale thayuM." DegobarTane traNa strIo ane rakhAtane TeLuM hatuM. zArlamenane pitAne paNa eka vakhate be strIo hatI ane rakhAte paNa ghaNI hatI. paraMtu zArlamenanA vakhata pachI AvA dAkhalA bahu juja banatA hatA. kauTuMbika nIti upara pipa ane bizapa cIvaTathI dekharekha rAkhavA lAgyA, ane ghaNIvAra teo temAM phatehamaMda paNa nIvaDatA, ane rAjAo ane amIre pitAnI strIne tyAga karavAno prayatna karatA te teo temanI sAme majabuta vAMdho letA. tathApi pAchaLanA samayanA remana lekenI nIti karatAM jaMgalIonI vizuddhi vadhAre caDIAtI hatI e niHsaMzaya che, ane e vAta emanA kAyadAthI paNa siddha thAya che. purUSanI sAme bAyalApaNune khoTo Apa lAve tene je sajA kAyadA pramANe thatI hatI tenA karatAM vadhAre moTI sajA strInI sAme bevaphAIne je khoTe Aropa lAve tene mATe kAyadAmAM kahI hatI. vyabhicAra ane baLAtkAra saMbhoganI sAme sakhata kAyadA hatA. ane te gunA aTakAvavA bahu nAnI nAnI bAbatanI paNa saMbhALa levAtI hatI. potAnA dhaNa ke pAsenA sagA ke chevaTa rItasara niyata thaelA

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424 yUropiya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. sAkSInI hAjarI sivAya koI svataMtra strInI nasa bolavAnI sarajanane manAI hatI. ane kaI purUSa strIne hAtha vadhAre paDate geravAjabI rIte dabAve te paMdara mohare tene daMDa tha. khristi dharmanI asarathI lekenI nItimAM je moTo pheraphAra dhIme dhIme thaI gayo temAM A badhI hakIkata bezaka sahAyabhUta thaI che. je durAcAranI ApaNe vAta karIe chIe te ghaNuM karIne bahu ocho thato. enuM adhama svarUpa te bezaka ochuM thaI gayuM hatuM, ane temAM navIna prakAranI lAjanI lAgaNI upajavAthI e bahAra Avate aTakate. nItine siddhAMta vadhAre spaSTa thayuM ane vartanamAM kAMIka vizeSa vizuddhi AvI. graMthomAM atyaMta azlIlatA lakhAtI te baMdha thaI; ane lagnanA pavitra kAyadAne spaSTa bhaMga thate te tenI nidA thatI hatI ane ghaNIvAra tenI sajA paNa thatI hatI. dhArmika sajA ane pazcAtApanA niyamothI paNa vizuddhinA vicArane agatyanuM sthAna maLyuM. keTalAka vidharmI tattvaciMtakenA pagale cAlI, pitAnA bALakane mAtAe ja dhavarAvavuM joIe evo Agraha mahAna saMta gregarIne hatA, ane chAlakA pizAka ane rItabhAtanI bAbatamAM paNa bArIka upadeza thato hato. vezyAne dhaMdho taddana nAbuda thayo ane vArAMganAne varga halake gaNAvA lAgyo hato.' uparAMta, eka bIjA pratye vaphAdAra rahevAnI strI purUSa banenI araparasa pharaja che e vicAra khristi vRddhoe lekanI samakSa khAsa raju karyo. ghaNA kharA jamAnAmAM jyAre purUSonI anIti pratye lagabhaga AMkhaADA kAna karavAmAM Ave che, tyAre strIonI nIti upara bahu sakhata ane karaDI najara rAkhavAmAM Ave che, ane A bheda nItinA itihAsamAM bahu vismayakAraka lAge che. vaLI strIone phasAvavA prayatna purUSa ghaNuM karIne kare che, sAmAnya rIte strIone abaLA lekhavAmAM Ave che ane strIonA saMbaMdhamAM temanI bhraSTatAnuM kAraNa ghaNuM karIne temanI atyaMta durdazA ane nirdhanatA hoya che; A badhI bAbatano vicAra jyAre ApaNe karIe chIe tyAre purUSone durAcAra kSamAyogya gaNAya ane strIonA

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nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn strIonI padavI. 425 durAcAra pratye atyaMta sakhtAI rakhAya e vAta na samajAya evI lAge che. A viSamatAnAM keTalAMka kAraNe paNa apAyAM che. A sajApAtra gune purUSonA karatAM strIonA saMbaMdhamAM vadhAre cokasatAthI ane sahelAIthI jANI zakAya evo che; vaLI chokarAMnA gujarAtane AdhAra pitA upara hovAthI, strIonA anAcArathI purUSane nukasAna ane anyAya thAya che; vaLI vyabhicArathI pedA thayAM na hoya evAM anya anaurasa bALa ghaNuM karIne aMte gunegAra ke garIba nIvaDI Ave che ane tethI temane baje samAjane bhegava paDe che, kAraNa ke temane nibhAvavAne kaI karAra temanA pitAe kareluM heta nathI. uparAMta, anya keTalAMka kAraNane lIdhe A sadAcAranuM pAlana eka jAti karatAM bIjI jAtine vadhAre kaThina hoya che, ane pracalita sAmAjIka abhiprAyane lIdhe upajatI naitika bhraSTatAnA dareka vicArane aLago rAkhIe te paNa e sadAcArano bhaMga strInI pratikAmAM svAbhAvika rIte ja vadhAre hINapadavALe lAge che, ane vaLI. A bAbatamAM ApaNuM ghaNuMkharI lAgaNIo purUSoe bAMdhI ApelA nItinA niyamone ane vyavasthAne AbhArI che ane tethI purUSone te vadhAre lAbhakArI che; ane tethI purUSone bacAva vadhAre thAya che. ke game tema che, paNa strI ane purUSanA A bAbatamAM samAna haka che e bAbatamAM khristi vRddhone siddhAMta ane upadeza tadana spaSTa hatA; ane jo ke senikoe ane skUTArke agAu Avo ja upadeza karyo hato, tathApi prAthamika khrista samayamAM A siddhAMtano jevo sAkSAtkAra thayo hato te sAkSAtkAra agAu ke pachI kadi paNa ghaNuM karIne thayo nathI. paraMtu A vijaya adyApi paryata TakI rahyo che ema kahI zakAya ema nathI. vidharma roma karatAM hAlanA vakhatamAM je ke nItinuM dhoraNa bahu uccatara thayuM che, tathApi A doSanA saMbaMdhamAM ThapakAnI asamAnatA vidharmIonA samaya karatAM atyAre ochI hoya e saMzayanI vAta che, ane ghaNuM ja zarama bharelA ane ghaNIja nirdaya anyAyanuM kAraNa A asamAnatA thAya che. strI-pUjA ane zauryanA samayamAM sAhasika paNa bhraSTa vIra pUjanIya

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4ra6. yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane itihAsa. gaNAtuM hatuM e vAta paNa A bAbatamAM pAchA haThavAnuM eka kAraNa che. pitAnI ApavA ke sAhasanI vRttine saMtoSavAnI khAtara ThaMDe peTe nirdoSa strIone pitAmAM premamugdha karIne athavA temane vizvAsa upajAvIne eka purUSa temane phasAthe jAya ane leke tenI prazaMsA karyuM jAya e vAta itihAsanA pRSTamAM ati khedajanaka che; ane chatAM saikAo paryata e purUSa samAjanA sAhityamAM vakhaNAto hato. prAcIna grIsamAM vArAMganAne je pada prApta thayuM hatuM tevuM naitika daSTibiMdu te samayanuM jaNAI Ave che. hakIkata ema che ke eka ja kAryamAM strI patIta gaNAya ane purUSa niSpA5 rahe e vAta bane ja nahi e agatyanuM satya prAthamika khristioe umadA rIte amalamAM mUkayuM hatuM, tathApi khristi duniyAnA lekaabhiprAyamAM te satyane praveza hajI thayo nahote. tema chatAM khristi saMsthAe lagnamAM dharmanuM je guhyatattva mUkayuM hatuM tenI asara atyaMta thaelI che. eka purUSe eka ja strI karavI joIe e siddhAMta sthApavAmAM khristi dharma saphaLa parizrama karyo che. lagnamAM dharma pratijJA che, ane lagna e Izu khrista ane tenI saMsthAnA saMyoganI eka pratikRti rUpa che ema kAMIka guhya ane ghaNuM spaSTa nahi evA arthamAM kahIne, lagna e jIvatAM sudhI strI purUSanuM pavitra baMdhana che evI bhAvanA te dharma upajAvI che. A bhAvanAmAM have kone prAthamika nItinuM sahaja darzana samajAya che. - sAmAnya rIte lagnanI pavitratAnuM je sakhta baMdhana kahevAmAM Ave che, tene AdhAra kudaratanA kAyadA upara nahi paNa dharmanA kAnuna upara rahelo hoya che. tathApi strI purUSa jIdagI patanA sAthI joIe e vicAranuM samarthana kevaLa buddhithI vicAratAM paNa ghaNe aMze thaI zake che. dharmanA AdezanI vAta eka kere rAkhatAM paNa purUSanuM AkhuM kartavya mAtra be niyamamAM samAI jAya che. mAtra buddhine ja upayoga ApaNe karIe te paNa pitAnA sukhane je vAtathI nukasAna thAya athavA dhAri camAM bhraSTatA Ave te vAta koIpaNa mANase karatAM alaga rahevuM joIe e spaSTa che. prathamanI bAbatamAM pitAnA kAryathI upaja dUrastha ane

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strIonI padavI.' 4ra7 samIpa baMne pariNAme eNe dhyAnamAM levA joIe. lagnathI pitAnA sAthInI avasthA zI thaze, samAja e saMbaMdhane kaI dRSTithI joze, chokarAM janme te temanI saMbhavita sthiti kevI lAge che, temanA janmanI kevI asara thaze ane ekaMdare samAjanA zreya upara pitAnA dAkhalAnI asara kevI besaze; A badhA vicAra eNe karavA joIe. A gaNatrImAM keTalAMka ta samAjanI jUdI jUdI dazAmAM judAM judAM hoya che. A pramANe je saMbaMdhenI eka jamAne paravAnagI Apato hoya temane bIjo jamAno kadi niMde ane tethI temane mATe zikSA paNa kare; ane chokarAnI saMbhavita sthiti ane samAja upara temanA janmanI asarane AdhAra tenA pitAnA khAsa saMjoge ane prajAnA saMge upara hoya che. bIjI bAbatamAM vicAra karavAnA che te A pramANe A vyavahAranI asarathI naitika vRttio bahera mArI jaze ke vikAsa pAmaze ? cAritryane ka tethI uce thaze ke nIce thaze ? panAnA phAMTA tethI uzkerAze ke zAMta paDaze, ke jethI karIne vizuddha premane mATe mANase nAlAyaka thAya che athavA temanA premanuM kSetra vistAra pAme che ane ApaNuM svabhAvane pazubhAga ocho vadhate AgaLa paDe che? ApaNuM naitika svabhAvanA sahaja pratyakSathI ApaNe jANIe chIe ke A pazubhAganI vizeSatA bhraSTa chatAM hamezAM asukhakAraka nathI hotI. vaLI ApaNe ema paNa jANIe chIe ke ApaNuM jIvanano kAyado e che ke amuka prakAranA lagnathI ApaNI prabaLa ane suMdara bhAvanAo je prathama ApaNAmAM gupta rahelI hoya che te vikasita thaI khullI thAya che; ane amuka prakAranAM lagna te bhAvanAone buTTI karI nAkhe che ane cAritryane bhraSTa kare che. AvA vicAra karatAM ApaNane ema kahevAnAM puSkaLa kAraNo maLe che ke eka ja strI ane eka ja purUSa jIMdagI patanA sAthI rahe e strI purUSanA saMbaMdhane vAstavika ane sAmAnya prakAra che ane evA siddhAM. tathI lekenuM sukha ane naitika zreya ekaMdare vadhI uttejIta thAya che. tethI

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428 yupIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. sAmAnya rIte e siddhAMtane anusarI lekenAM lagna thavAM joIe. paraMtu A sthitithI AgaLa dharmanI sahAya vinA javuM azakya che. AvA prakAranAM lagna moTe bhAge thavAM joIe e uparathI ema phalita thatuM nathI ke eja prakAranAM lagno vAjabI che ane anya prakAranAM geravAjabI che. samAjanA lAbha bIjI jAtanA saMbaMdhothI sacavAtA hoya te te saMbaMdha zA mATe toDI nAkhavA joIe ? kAyamI lagnanI sAthe sAthe alpa jIvI lagno paNa hamezAM samAjamAM thaelAM che. ane jyAre A apAyuSI lagna karanArAmAMthI keIne nAta bahAra karavAmAM AvatuM nathI, gunAnA bhAnanI sAthe AvatuM nItine bhraSTa kare evuM jIvana strI purUSamAMthI kaI jyAre jIvatuM nathI hotuM, ane pitAnI saMtatinA bharaNa poSaNanI yogya vyavasthA je teo karatAM hoya to kevaLa buddhinA dhoraNa upara e lagna pratye ApaNe nApasaMdagI zI rIte batAvavI te samajI zakAtuM nathI. mAtra aMdha kAma-vikAranI jahAMgIrI uzkeraNIthI prerAI aMdagI patanAM lagno mANaso na kare e vAta temanAM sukha ane naitika zreya banenI khAtara atyaMta agatyanI che. hamezAM evAM ghaNAM mANaso hoya che ke je prabaLa vRttithI dorAI lagna kare che, paNa pitAnI sthitie pitAnA chokarAne nibhAvavAne azakta hoya che, ane tethI evAM lagna karIne samAjane nukasAna teo kare che. tathApi te chokarAM pitAnA karatAM utaratI paNa AbarUdAra jIMdagI bhogave evI sagavaDa teo karI zake che. AvA saMjogomAM bemAMthI jenI nabaLI sthiti hoya che tene AvA saMbaMdhathI nukazAna thatuM nathI paNa phAyado thAya che darajajAnA phera tethI ochA thAya che; milanasAra prakRtine tethI uttejana maLe che ane seLabheLa vyavahArathI cAritrya upara je bhraSTa asara thAya che te, athavA vicArahIna lagnothI samAja upara je mAThI asara thAya che te, enAtha upajatI nathIparaMtu upara kahelA saMbaMdhenI gerahAjarImAM bemAMthI eka avazya moTA pramANamAM thayA vinA rahetuM nathI. saMjoge ane cAritrayonI bhinnatA eTalI badhI moTI che ke janahitavAdanA siddhAMta pramANe keTalI vAra evAM apAyuvI lagna karavAM e DahApaNa bhareluM paNa gaNAya.

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strIonI padavI. 429 vidhamI mahArAjyanA kAyadAnuM baMdhAraNa ane khristi dharma upajAvelAM parivartane ApaNe barAbara samajavAM hoya te upara kahelA vicAro lakSamAM rAkhavAnI jarUra che. jemanA mahArAjyanA kAyadA bAMdhanArAo AvA saMbaMdho spaSTa svIkAra karatA ane temanuM niyamana karI temAM khAsa bhe mUkvAne mukhya udeza rAkhatA. la cchedanI behada Tane lIdhe evA saMbaMdhone lagnanI saMjJA prApta thatI, ane A saMjJAne lIdhe teo kaI paNa prakAre kalaMkita gaNAtAM na hovAthI, lekae mAnya nahi karelA saMbaMdhamAMthI je gaMbhIra mAThA pariNAma Ave te ethI aTakatAM. vaLI rakhAta zabdamAM paNa cokkasa kAyadA pura:sara saMbaMdhane artha samajAto, ane A navIna yojanAne mudo kuMvArApaNuM aTakAvavAne bezaka hatA, ane svachaMdI vartaNuka te vakhate bahu sAmAnya thaI paDI hatI tene sudhAravAne paNa kadAca hoya. kharuM jotAM A rakhAtano saMbaMdha eka prakAranuM lagna ja gaNAtuM hatuM, kAraNa ke jene rakhAta hoya te paraNe agara bIjI rakhAta rAkhe te kAyadAmAM te vyabhicArane gune gaNatA hatA. lagnanA ati sAmAnya prakAranI peThe te saMbaMdha paNa koI paNa jAtanI kriyA vinA zarU thato, ane marachamAM Ave tyAre tene aMta aNAne. e saMbaMdhanI khAsa vilakSaNatA e hatI ke amIra varga gulAmagIrImAMthI mukta karelI strIo sAthe kAyadA pramANe paraNI zakatA nahi te temane rakhAta tarIke rAkhatA. rakhAtanA darajajAne jeke saMpUrNa svIkAra thato hato ane AbarUsara gaNato hato, tathApi pitAnAM sAthInA darajajAnI te bhAgIdAra thaI zakatI nahi; kaze dAyajo lAvatI nahi; tenAM karAM rakhAtane pitAne darajajo ane mobho bhogavatAM, ane pitAnI amIrAI ke vArasAmAMthI temane bAtala karavAmAM AvatAM. AvA vicAre te samaye pracalita hatA, ane temanI sAthe khristi dharma pAdharI ane kadI duzmanAI jAhera karI. A virodhanuM pratibiMba rAjyanA kAyadAmAM barAbara paDayuM nahi, paraMtu khristi vRddhonA lakhANamAM ane dharma sabhAnA ghaNAkharA TharAvamAM bahu spaSTa dekhAI Ave che. aphara, acUka

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430 * * * * * * * yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ane upayogitAnI saghaLI gaNatrIthI svataMtra, dharmane kAyado e che ke jIMdagI parvatanA lagna sivAya strI purUSanA anya saMbaMdhe gunAhita che e khristi dharmane upadeza hato. A siddhAMtane nirvivAda sUtra tarIke gaNavAne upadeza ApIne ane tethI alpAyuSI saMbaMdhanI atyaMta apakIrti karIne ane sAmAjIka sakhata sajA karIne, evA saMbaMdhomAM rahelI janahitavAda dRSTinuM paNa eNe gaMbhIra rIte rUpAMtara karI nAMkhyuM che, ane ghaNAkharA, dezamAM evA saMbaMdhane gupta karI nAkhyA che ane temane vezapAla karI dIdhuM che. ghaNuM karIne nItinI kaI anya zAkhA evI nathI ke jenA. svarUpane nizcaya khAsa nizcita dharmazAstrathI ATale badhe thato hoya, ane dharmanI paDatIthI A zAkhA upara jeTalI gaMbhIra asara thAya che teTalI. anya koI zAkhA upara thatI nathI. A caLavaLane aMge remanA mahArAjyanA pAchalA samayamAM kevaLa sAmAjIka lagna je thatAM hatAM tene badale dhIme dhIme dhArmika lagna thavA lAgyAM. je kArya jIdagImAM ati agatyanuM pagaluM che te kAryane dharmanA divya AzirvAdathI aMkti karavAmAM khAsa yogyatA rahelI che; ane dhArmika kriyAne lIdhe te karAramAM gaMbhIratAnuM bahu uDuM bhAna Ave che. Ama lagna paratve khristi dharmanI khAsa dhArmika dRSTine lIdhe khAsa pavitra dhArmika kriyAo sahita te thavuM joIe evI mAnyatA utpanna thaI. paNa te rivAja dhIme dhIme dAkhala thayo hato. lAMbA kALa paryata gulAmenAM lagna dhArmika kriyA pUrvaka thatAM nahotAM; ane svataMtra thaelA gulAmenA saMbaMdhamAM jo ke te sAmAnya rIte karavAmAM AvatI hatI, paNa khAsa karIne Avazyaka gaNAtI nahi. dazamA saikAmAM te Avazyaka gaNuMvA lAgI. lagnane pavitra karavAne khristi. dharmane je mukhya uddeza hatA te Ama phaLIbhUta thaye; uparAMta, pAdarI varganI sattA jamAvavAmAM AgaLa jatAM te prabaLa sAdhana thaI paDayuM. ane A pAdarIo jIdagInA A ati agatyanA karAra paratve je je baMdhane. mUkatA te te badhAne AdhIna thatA mANasane pharaja paDAvavA teo zaktimAna hatA. arvAcIna samayamAM sAmAjIka lagnanA svIkArathI kethalika

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strIonI padavI. 431 pAdarIonI A sattA kauTuMbika jIvanamAM ghaNI ochI thaI gaI che e. vAta e dharmane eka jabarA ghA rUpa nIvaDI che. ' vaLI bIjI bAbatanI peThe A bAbatamAM paNa rAja-kAyadAthI judA paDIne dharma sabhAo daDhatAthI potAnA vicArane vaLagI rahetI ke lagna chedamAM paNa kevaLa pApa che. konsTanaTAIne kAyado karyo hato ke je pati traNa gunA kare ane patnI traNa gunA kare che te vakhate lagna cheda vAjabI che. paNa lokonI prakRtine e aMkuza rUo nahi, ane kAyadAmAM eka be pheraphAra karyA pachI jasTIniyananA kAyadA saMgrahamAM lagnochedanI kula paravAnagI pAchI maLI. paNa jyAM strInA vyabhicAranA pariNAme upasthita thatA lagnodane prasaMga Ave tyAM khristi vRddho kAMIka DhacupacupaNuM batAvatA, paNa bAkInA bIjA badhA prasaMge te teo spaSTa kahetA ke la ccheda gunAhita che, ane je khristio rAja kAyadAnI chUTa lAbha letA temane mAthe amuka kALa prAyazcita karavAno bojo teo mUkatA. ghaNuM saikAo sudhI kAyadAnI A kividhatA cAlu rahI hatI. je pitAnI strIne tyAga kare tene sakhata daMDa karIne jaMgalIonA kAyadA lagno cheda upara aMkuza rAkhatA hatA. zAlamena lagnecachedane gunAhita kaheto, paNa tene sajApAtra TharAvavAnI tenI hiMmata cAlI nahatI, ane pote ja te karato hato. paNa khristi dharmasaMsthA te te guno karanArane bahiSkArane bhaya batAvatI, ane keTalIka vakhata te te bhaya te barAbara amalamAM paNa mUkatI. aMte bAramA saikAmAM khristi dharmane saMpUrNa vijaya thaze ane dhArmika kAnunanA siddhAMtane svIkArI rAjye paNa kAyado karyo ke lagna cheda gera kAyadesara che; ane tenI manA karI. - A saMpUrNa pratibaMdhathI mANasanuM sukha ke naitika zreya keTale aMze vadhyuM che te bAbatanI tapAsamAM utaravAnuM anna ApaNuM prayojana nathI. atyAre te eTaluM ja kahevuM basa che ke atyAre jema A pratibaMdhanI taraphadArI janahitavAdanI dRSTithI ghaNIvAra thAya che tema jyAre khristi prajAemAM e pratibaMdha prathama mUkAyo hato tyAre nahotuM thatuM, paNa dharmane nAme ja

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432 yupIya prajAnI AcaraNane ItihAsa tenI taraphadArI thatI hatI. dhArmika kriyA yukta lagna eja lagna; IzunA pitAnI saMsthA sAthenA kAyamI meLApanA khAsa cihnarUpa lagna che; evI mAnyatAnuM ja te pariNAma hatuM. vyabhicAranA prasaMge paNa lagnanI pavitra graMthI teDI nakhAya nahi evuM kethalIka matanuM sakhata baMdhana arvAcIna dhArAzAstramAM ghaNuM zithila thaI gayuM che ane A dizAmAM hajI paNa AgalAM pagalAM bharAze e paNa nisaMzaya che. tathApi A bAbatamAM vidhamI mahArAjyanI behada chUTa pachI siddhAMta ane vyavahAramAM je moTo pheraphAra thayo che te have sarvane spaSTa thayo have joIe. je lagna AvAM gaMbhIra ane aphara hoya te lagna eka bIjAnI rAjIkhuzIthI ane svataMtratAthI thavAM joIe e vAta Avazyaka nahi to chevaTe ati agatyanI to thaI paDI. prajAtatranA asta samayamAM remanA svadezAbhimAnI purUSone abhiprAya evo hato ke rAjyane chokarAM pUrAM pADavAnA sAdhana tarIke lagnanI gaNanA thavI joIe ane evA IrAdAthI pharaja tarIke lagna thavAM joIe. ane ogasTasanA kAyadAmAM je lagna na kare temane ghaNuM lAbhamAMthI bAtala karyA hatA. lagna karavAnI A bane lAlace khristi dharmanI asaramAM taNAI gaI. prajAkIya sadAcAranA astanI sAthe lekaabhiprAya adrazya thaI gaye. tapovRttinA utsAha kALamAM kuMvArI jIMdagI pavitratAnuM zikhara gaNavA lAgI, ane tenI asarane lIdhe upalA kAyadAo rada thaI gayA. lagnanA pitAnA satkRSTa namunAne sAkSAtkAra karAvavA mATe hajI eka bIjI agatyanI vAta paNa khristi dharmagurUoe hAthamAM levAnI hatI. A vAta, pitAnA dharmathI jemanA vicAra judA paDatA hoya temanI sAthe khristi-saMsthAnA aMgabhUtone lagna karatAM aTakAvavAnI hatI. dharmapaMthane mAMhamahene vikhavAda ane aMTasa bIjA koIpaNa sAdhana karatAM mitra-lathI ghaNe vadhAre ocho thaI jAya che e vAta kharI, paraMtu eTaluM paNa atra lakSamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke e vAta bane te pahelAM dharmanI bAbatamAM kSamA-vRtti bahu keLavAI gaelI hovI joIe. jyAM daMpatimAMthI dareka jaNa

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strIonI padavI. 433 aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka ema mAnatuM hoya ke pitAne pati yA pitAnI patnI kAyamanI durdazA bhogavavAne nirmita thaela che, tyAM eka bIjA vacce kharuM sukha, sahadayatA ke vizvAsa upajI zake nahi; ane amuka dharmamAM keLavAtAM chokaruM narakanuM niraMtara vAsI thaze evI jyAM daDha mAnyatA hoya tyAM amuka chokarAMne eka dharmamAM keLavavAM ane bIjAne bIjA dharmamAM keLavavAM evI kauTuMbika samajaNa azakya thaI paDe che. dharma-zraddhAnI bhinnatAne laIne kuTuMbamAM upajate vikhavAda, khristi dharmanA praveza pUrve duniyAmAM ghaNuM karIne lagabhaga ke tadana ajJAta hato; kAraNake mata-bhinnatva te kadAca agAu paNa haze, paraMtu eTalA badhAM agatyanAM pariNAma tene Aropita karavAmAM AvatAM nahi. remanuM rAjya khristi thayuM tyAre, athavA dharmasudhAraNanA samaye, athavA ApaNuM pitAnA jamAnAmAM, jyAre jyAre navIna dharmanI ke paMthanI sthApanA thatI hoya che tyAre lokomAM dharmanI lAgaNI bahu prabaLa hoya che ane temAMthI meTA anartha upaje che. ane dharmanI bAbatamAM keLavAelI kSamAvRttinI khAmIne lIdhe jyAM eka ja gharamAM strI ane purUSanA dharma judA judA hoya che tyAM te gharamAM atyaMta durdazA upasthita thayA vinA rahetI nathI, kAraNake banne vacce je zraddhA, prema ane vizvAsa hovAM joIe te rahetAM nathI ane tethI aneka vikhavAda banne vacce ubhA thAya che. temAM paNa jyAre strIone azikSita ane ajJAna rAkhavAmAM Ave che tyAre A vikhavAdanI hada rahetI nathI. aneka zAstrIya zodhakhoLane lIdhe, samIkSaNayukta ane aitihAsika paricanAne lIdhe ane keLavaNInA sudhArAne lIdhe, jyAre vicArazIla purUSo atyaMta agatyanA dhArmika praznonuM maMthana karatA hoya che, tyAre strIone e sAdhanothI lagabhaga kevaLa bahirmukha rAkhavAmAM Ave che. niSpakSatA ane vilaMbane mATe purUSo karatAM strIonAM mana sAmAnya rIte kudaratathI ja ochAM lAyaka hoya che; ane buddhine keLavI daDha kare evI bAbatenA abhyAsane strI keLavaNImAMthI kevaLa alaga rAkhatAM, A mata bhinnatva bahu vadhI jAya che, ane tenI sAthe paraMparAthI cAlyA AvatA vicAramAM

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434 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNano ItihAsa. temanI prabaLa zraddhA rahe ane virUddha vicArenA samAgamamAM na Ave e mukhya uddeza sAmAnya rIte rAkhavAmAM AveluM hoya che. paraMtu saMkacita jJAna ane apUrNa sahadayatA-eTalA ja doSe A keLavaNInA che ema nathI. eka amuka prakAranA dhArmika upadezanuM khAsa lakSaNa hamezAM e mAlama paDeluM che ke vicAranA saghaLA siddhAMtone e eka ja dizAmAM vALe che ane buddhi viSayaka taTasthatAne taddana nAza kare che. bIjI bAbatomAM pramANika nizcayane mATe mAna nahi te chevaTe gaMbhIra anenA saMvAdamAM pitAne abhiprAya darzAvavA mANasone hakadAra karavA pUratuM jeTaluM jJAna joIe tenuM kAMIka bhAna ApaNane jaNAya che. saMvAdanA viSayamAM kevaLa ajJAnapaNuM nizcayapUrvaka bolatAM mANasane aTakAve che; ane ajJAna mANasa pote je viSayamAM ajJAna che te viSayamAM bahu vAMcIne ane vicArIne pitAnA vadhAre suzikSita pADozIe te ajJAnI pite je vicAro mAne che temano tyAga karyo che athavA temAM pheraphAra karI e mAne che e joI tenI sthiti bahu kaMgALa ane dayAjanaka che ema belatAM je te ajJAna mANasa mAtra samaju ane sabhya haze to aTakaze. paNa dhArmika praznomAM AvI vAta kadi banI nathI. kevaLa aMdha zraddhAmAM ja parama kartavya che evo upadeza karIne ane sadhaLI zaMkA gunAhita ane zApita che ema kahIne, bIjI bAbatothI taddana bhinna mananI avasthA dharma pitAnI bAbatamAM upajAve che. evAM ghaNuM mANasa hoya che ke jemaNe bAibalanuM eka pAnuM paNa vAMcyuM nahi hoya ane pitAnA dharmanA siddhAMtonI athavA je dalIlothI tenuM mana thAya temAMthI koInI khabara temane nahi hoya, chatA atyaMta vizvAsa pUrvaka vivAdanA praznane saMbaMdhI chAtI ThokIne mata teo Ape che; ane pitAnA abhiprAya sAthe je maLatA na Ave temane jUThA kaheze, dhikAraze, temanA upara dayAnI najarathI joze ane teo pitAnA vicAra phera mATe paramezvaranI prArthanA karaze; pitAnA abhiprAya satya ja hovA joIe ema svIkArI leze ane bIjAoe temAM ja karI haze tathApi temane khoTA kaheze ane koI paNa jAtanI tapAsamAM utaryA vinA bIjAnA

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strIonI padavI. 435 abhiprAyane pAkhaMDI kahI jIdagI paryata temanI sAthe virodhamAM raheze. keI graMthane pAkhaMDI kahI keLAhaLa karI mUkanArAmAMthI ghaNuMkharA te e graMthane 'ughADavAmAM ke temAM kahelA viSayanI khoja karavAmAM paNa guna gaNatA hoya e saMbhavita che. pAdarIonAM aneka bhASaNa A vAtanI sAkSI pUre che ane amuka prakAranA vicAra ke hRdayanA bhAvamAMthI jenuM vimArgagamana thAya temanI avasthAnuM ati karUNamaya citra ApIne strIonI kalpanAne uzkerI mUke che. AthI karIne dharmAMdhatA ane gupta khIjavATa asaMkhya kuTuMbomAM pese che; tethI karIne kuTuMbanI zAMtimAM jhera reDAya che, strI purUSane arasaparasane vizvAsa maMda paDI jAya che, satyanA zedhakanI muzkelIo ghaNI ja vadhI paDe che, ane buddhinI bharUtA, Dhega ane khoTa dekhAva cAre tarapha prasarI rahe che. tethI jyAre remanuM rAjya bristi thavA mAMDayuM tyAre A kauTuMbika vikhavAda bahu jAheramAM AvavA lAge; ane pitAnA matanI akhaMDatA sAcavavAnI ane je khristi thAya temane utsAha jALavI rAkhavAnI svAbhAvika IcchAthI derAI evAM mizra lagna khristioe karavAM ja nahi evo AgrahapUrvaka upadeza khristi vRddhoe karavA mAMDayo. kuTuMbakalaha ocho thAya e paNa udeza ha. khristio IzunA avayavo che, tethI anya dharmanI sAthe khristie lagna karavAM e eka jAtane vyabhicAra che ema teo kahetA. rAjanA kAyadAmAM khristione pAkhaMDI joDe lagna karavAnI manAI nahotI, paraMtu evAM lagnone ghaNuM dharma-sabhAo sakhata zabdomAM gunAhita gaNuM vakhoDatI. A pramANe lagna saMbaMdhI vicAromAM pheraphAra khristidharma karAvyo. kuMvArI jIdagIne apAtI atyaMta pavitratA, lagna sivAya strI purUSanA koI paNa jAtanA vyavahAranI sakhata niMdA, eka ja dharmanAM strI purUSonAM kAyamI lagna thavAM joIe e vicAra ane tenuM utkRSTa bhAna, ane te lagna paNa gaMbhIra prakAranI dhArmika kriyAo sahIta thavAM joIe ane mRtyuthI ja chUTAcheDA thAya evo Agraha, A badhAM nItinI je zAkhAnI ApaNe vAta karIe chIe temAM, khristi dharmanI asaranA cine hatAM,

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436 yuropIya prajAnA AcaraNano itihAsa. vaLI A navIna dharmanuM eka bIjuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke je guNamAM nagIo khAsa karIne bhabhakI nIkaLe che te guNe bahu mAnanIya gaNAvA lAgyA. strIpurUSanA khAsa lAkSaNika bheda kevA kevA che, ane A bhedane lIdhe judA jUdA jamAnA, jUdI jUdI prajA, judAM judAM tatvajJAna ane jUdA jUdA dharmonA sarvotkRSTa namunA upara zI zI asara thaI che te bAbatanI tapAsamAM utaravA jevuM che. zArIrika saMpattimAM, purUSo bezaka baLamAM vadhAre hoya che, ane strIomAM sauMdarya vadhAre hoya che. paraMtu zAstra, sAhitya ane kaLAmAM badhuM agrasthAna lagabhaga purUSoe ja bhagavyuM che ane koI paNa prakAre buddhinI ati ujavaLatA batAvyAnA strIonA dAkhalA bahu ja jUja che; atyaMta pratikULa saMjogomAM paNa ghaNA mahAna purUSo mahAna kAryo karI zakyA che ane saMgIta vidyA ane citra vidyA ke jenI khIlavaNIne mATe strIonA saMjogo anukULa lAge che temAM paNa agrasthAna prApta karavAmAM strIo tadana niSphaLa thaI che-A badhI hakikato jyAre ApaNe dhyAnamAM rAkhIe chIe tyAre puruSo karatAM strIomAM buddhi kAMIka utaratA prakAranI hoya che e vAtanI bhAgye ja nA pADI zakAze. strIomAM phela, henDela, zekasapIara ke nyuTana maLavA azakya che. purUSo karatAM strIo buddhi viSayaka bAbatemAM vadhAre prAsaMgika ane uDauDa karatI hoya che; sAmAnya siddhAMta karatAM amuka amuka daSTAMtimAM temanAM mana vadhAre ceTe che; vicArapUrvaka viveka ke A anubhavanA karatAM sahaja pratyakSothI dareka vAtanuM telana teo vadhAre kare che. paraMtu vicAranI capaLatA ane tvaritatAmAM, ane manobhAvanA rasika ane bArIka bheda tvarAthI ane barAbara parakhavAnI kudaratI zaktimAM teo sAmAnya rIte caDI jAya che, ane tethI teo vAtacitamAM AkarSaka heya che, ane patra lakhanAra tarIke, raMgabhUmi upara khelADI tarIke ane navala kathAkAra tarIke teo vadhAre dIpI nIkaLe che. nItinI bAbatamAM purUSo karatAM strIo caDI jAya che e nirvivAda lAge che. pilisakhAtAnA AMkaDAone kAMIka jevuM tevuM ane apUrNa pramANa gaNIne belIe to ApaNane mAlama paDe che ke vastImAM strI purUSonI saMkhyA

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strIonI padavI. 437 lagabhaga sarakhI chatAM strIo karatAM purUSo pAMcagaNA karatAM vadhAre gunA ghaNuM karIne kare che. banne jAtimAM purUSa vadhAre baLavAna hovAne lIdhe ane kuTuMbanuM bharaNapoSaNa karavAne bejo tene mAthe paDato hovAne lIdhe, strI karatAM ene lAlace vadhAre hoya che e vAta kharI, tathApi e vAta paNa ApaNe lakSamAM rAkhavAnI che ke bhUkhamarAnI sthiti strIomAM ghaNI sAdhAraNa hoya che ane temanA gujarAnanAM sAdhane ghaNuM ja maryAdita hoya che ane temanI kamANu ghaNu ja jUja ane jokhama bharelI sthitinI hoya che. naitika ane dhArmika svabhAvanuM mukhya lakSaNa Atma-bhaga che ane te lakSaNa strIo karatAM purUSomAM bezaka ochuM jovAmAM Ave che. strIonuM AkhuM jIvana ghaNuM karIne parArthe ja gALavAmAM Ave che, bIjAnI vRttine tAbe thavAmAM ane tenuM sukha saMbhALavAmAM tenuM AkhuM jIvana vyatIta thAya che. vaLI keTalIka vakhata manuSyanA manabhAvamAMthI sadAcAra ApoApa ugI nIkaLe che, keTalIka vakhata kartavyanA bhAnane AdhIna rahevA vicArapUrvaka te AcaravAmAM Ave che. A banne prakAranA sadAcAramAM purUSo karatAM strIo caDatI jaNAya che. temanI lAgaNIo vadhAre tIvra hoya che; AcAra ane vicAra bannemAM teo vadhAre vizuddha hoya che; bhUlelA cUkelA pratye vadhAre kamaLa, duHkhI pratye vadhAre dayALu, ane sagAMvahAlAM pratye vadhAre hetALa teo hoya che. garIba ane sAmAnya vargamAM strIo ghaNuM karIne potAnAM sukha ane lAgaNInA bhoge bIjAnuM ja sukha tAkatI hoya che ane satata svArtha-tyAganuM ja jIvana jIvatI hoya che. tathApi, puruSo karatAM strIomAM jo ke atyAcAra ane krUratAnuM valaNa ochuM hoya che, paraMtu teomAM nAnA prakAranI pUla, IrSA, khAra ane sAMsArika lebha ekaMdare vadhAre hoya che. vaLI caMcaLa hiMmatamAM purUSo karatAM teo utaratI hoya che. sahanazaktimAM teo sAmAnya rIte caDI jAya che, paNa A sahanazakti sAmAnI sAme thaIne sahana kare evI jAtanI nahi, paNa AgalAnI IcchA pramANe vaLI sahana kare evI jAtanI hoya che. buddhiviSayaka sadAcAramAM purUSo karatAM strIo bezaka utaratI hoya che. satya upara prema strIo kavacita ja rAkhe

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438 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa che, je ke je vAtane teo satya mAnI bese che temAM teo bahu makkama hoya che ane pitAthI bhinna mata vALAne teo atyaMta dhikkAre che. niSpakSapAtatAnI ke zaMkA karavAnI zakita teomAM bahu thoDI ja hoya che; vicAra karavAnI temanI paddhati lAgaNIne eka prakAra ja ghaNuM karIne hoya che; kAryamAM je ke teo bahu udAra hoya che, paraMtu potAnA abhiprAyamAM ke tulanA karavAmAM kavacita ja udAra teo thAya che. nizcaya karAvavA karatAM samajAvI levAmAM teo vadhAre kuzaLa hoya che, ane mAnyatAne kivA AsthAne vastusthitinA vAstavika dastha cihana tarIke gaNavA karatAM dilAsAnA sthAna tarIke tenI vadhAre kiMmata teo gaNe che. tethI pitAnI AsthAmAM teo AnaMda mANe che. je saMjogethI vAtamAM phera paDI jAya che te jevAnI, je siddhAMtanI sAmI thaelI te hoya che temAM je sArAM to rahelAM hoya che temano svIkAra karavAnI, pratipakSInA abhiprAyothI tenI vyaktigata vatteNuka nekhI pADavAnI zakti purUSo karatAM strIomAM ochI hoya che. purUSonuM valaNa nyAyapratye ghaNuM hoya che, strIonuM valaNa dayA pratye ghaNuM hoya che. utsAha, svAzraya, khaMta ane mananI moTAImAM purUSo caDI jAya che; namratA, kamaLatA, lAja ane sahanazIlatAmAM strIo caDI jAya che. sthitine tAdastha karI ApatI kalpanA je ApaNane dayA ane premanA kAryamAM uzkere che te strIomAM vadhAre tIvra hoya che ane te kalpanA adazya vastuo upara vadhAre sthita thaI zake che. strIonA dhArmika ke bhaktimAna sAkSAtkAra vadhAre spaSTa ane prabaLa haiya che: ane saMbhAvata che ke jyAre pitAnI hAjarImAM thaelA pitAnA bALakanA mRtyuthI pitAne ghaNuM duHkha thAya che tyAre bALaka je kaI dura dezAvaramAM marI jAya che tethI mAtAne ghaNuM karIne bahu vadhAre duHkha lAge che. tathApi joke strIonI lAgaNIo vadhAre prabaLa hoya che, paraMtu A lAgaNIo purUSonI lAgaNIo karatAM ghaNuM karIne ochI vistRta hoya che. temanI kalpane vyakitao upara vadhAre coMTe che; tethI mahAna bAbate karatAM mahAna netAo upara temane prema vadhAre jAme che; ane kadi jo koI mahAna

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strIonI padavI. 439 bAbatanI temane darakAra thAya che to ghaNuM karIne tenuM kAraNa e hoya che ke koI mahAna purUSe agara jenA upara temane prema hoya che eNe e bAbata upADelI hoya che. rAjakIya bAbatemAM svadezAbhimAna karatAM bhakita teomAM vadhAre hoya che. ItihAsamAM, sAmAnya kAraNonI kuTane kevaLa alaga rAkhIne amuka amuka manuSyonAM cAritryanA prasaMge ane temanAM lakSaNa pratye ja purUSo karatAM paNa teo vadhAre AkarSAya che. paropakAramAM sArvajanika udAratA karatAM vyakitao pratye udAratA teo vadhAre kare che ane sArvajanika saMkaTane aTakAvavA karatAM tenuM duHkha ochuM karavAmAM teo vadhAre pravRtta rahe che. prAcIna kALamAM strIonA karatAM purUSanA khAsa sadAcAra vadhAre prazasanIya gaNAtA hatA. hiMmata, svamatanuM sthApana, mananI meTAI, ane svadezAbhimAna naitika zreSThatAnAM mukhya lakSaNa gaNAtAM hatAM. brahmacarya, lAja, dayA ane komaLa ane kaiTuMbika sadAcAra ke je khAsa karIne strIonA sadAcAra che temanI bahu gaNanA thatI nahotI. strIoe pitAnA patine vaphAdAra rahevuM e vAtane khAsa agatyatA teo ApatA hatA; sivAya strInA koI khAsa sadAcArane te samayamAM agrasthAna prApta thayuM hatuM. ulaTuM, bIjA sadAcAramAM strInuM strIpaNuM jeTale aMze naSTa thatuM teTale aMze teo vadhAre prazaMsanIya gaNAtI hatI. pArTInI mAtAo, rizIA, eriA ItyAdi strIo vakhaNAtI tenuM kAraNa mAtra eTaluM ja ke temanuM AcaraNa purUSavata thayuM hatuM. pitAnA dezane mATe pitAnA saMtAnanuM baLIdAna ApatAM teo kAMI gaNakAratI nahi, athavA te mardInI batAvI zuravIranI peThe kaSTa sahana teo karatI. paraMtu arvAcIna samayamAM ApaNe keTalIka strIone vakhANIe chIe tenuM kAraNa e che ke strIonA khAsa sadAcAra temanAmAM bahu bahAra paDI AvelA hoya che. A pramANe prAcIna kALamAM purUSone yogya mA~nI sadAcAramAM nItinI zreSThatA manAtI hatI te vicAra khristi dharma pheravI nAkhe, ane tenI jagAe saMtavata AcaraNa zreSTha gaNavuM lAgyuM. tethI karIne garIbAI, komaLatA, dhIraja, dInatA, AsthA

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440 yUropIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ane prema je strIonA khAsa sadAcAra che te agrasthAne AvyA. zilpakaLA purUSanA sadAcArane sArI rIte AlekhI zake che, tethI ja ghaNuM karIne vidharmIo zilpakALamAM paMkAtA hatA. paNa khristi kArIgare citrakaLAmAM vadhAre pravINa che tenuM kAraNa ke te kaLAmAM strInAM saudarya bahu sArI rIte darzAvI zakAya che. strInA sadAcAranI A navI kiMmatane lIdhe khristi dharmamAM merI-pUjAnuM mahAtamya kaheluM che. khristi dharmanuM valaNa Ama strIonuM mahAo vadhAravAnuM hatuM. vaLI strIonI dharmabhAvanA vadhAre prabaLa hoya che, ane je dharmamAM tenA pravartaka pratye bhakita rAkhavAnI mukhya pharaja kahelI hoya che te dharma pratye strIo vadhAre AkarSAya che. ane A to khristi dharmamAM hovAthI strIo te dharma phelAvavAmAM bahu sahAyabhUta thaI che. ghaNI khristi strIoe pitAnA dharmane mATe pitAne bhoga Apyo che ane dharmavIrI thaI gaI che, ane pitAnA kuTuMbanA purUSavargane khristi banAvavA teo zaktimAna thaI che. saMta ogasTAIna, saMta krisastama, saMta besila ItyAdi saMtone temanI mAtAoe ja prathama khristi karyA hatA. tavRttinI hIlacAlamAM ane sakhAvatanA mahAna kAryamAM strIoe ghaNe AgaLa paDato bhAga lIdho che. sakhAvatane sadAcAra strIonA svabhAvane khAsa karIne anukULa che, ane jo ke ghaNA jamAnAmAM ane dharmamAM vyaktione duHkha mukta karavAne prayAsa strIoe karyA che, paNa khristi dharmanA udaya pahelAM strIonA e svabhAvane saMpUrNa avakAza maLe nahe. phebiolA, volA, meleniyA ItyAdi aneka strIoe pitAnAM AkhAM jIvana sakhAvatenI vizALa saMsthAo sthApavAmAM ane temane vistAra karavAmAM gALyAM che, ane emAMthI keTalIka saMsthAomAM duniyAmAM kevaLa navIna prakAranI hatI. zahenazAhabAnu phalesilA ispitAlamAM mAMdAnI mAvajata pitAne hAthe karatI, ane evI sevA karavAnI tatparatA khristi patnInuM prathama kartavya gaNAtuM. jamAne jamAne vRttine A hiloLe utarate Avyo che. tethI karIne manuSyanuM ghaNuM duHkha ochuM thaeluM che ane naitika gaurava paNa sAthe sAthe vadhyuM che.

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strIonI padavI. 441 vaLI strIo dharmanI dIkSA laI saMsthAnA nAnAM nAnAM kAryomAM madada karatI. AvI strI kuMvArI rahetI. lAyaka vidhavAone, je teo ekaja vAra paraNelI hoya te, khristi dharmanI saMsthA sahAya karatI ane pALatI; ane nirAdhAra strIo pratye bahu dayA rAkhatI. vRddha strIo pratye te khAsa mAnanI najarathI saMsthA jatI hatI. AvA vicArone anusarI rAjyanA kAyadAmAM paNa pheraphAra thavA lAgyA ane pitAnAM bALakonA saMrakSaka tarIke mAtAono haka svIkRta thayo. vidharmIonA samayamAM e haka strIone ja nahoto. sArAMza ke khristi dharmane lIdhe strIonI pratiSThA ekaMdare vadhI, ane tethI purUSonA AcaraNamAM paNa kamaLatA ane vinaya AvyAM. kAyadAmAM AvA pheraphAra thayA nahota te paNa nItinuM AkhuM daSTibiMduja khristi dhameM evuM pheravI nAMkhyuM hatuM ke tethI karIne strInI pratiSThA ane gaurava enI meLe vadhyAM jatAM hatAM. madhya kALanI maThAdhikArI strIone AgaLa paDate mobhe, strI tenI meTI saMkhyA, ane khAsa karIne kuMvArI mAtA merInI pUjanIyatA, e badhAnI asara eja dizAmAM thatI hatI. merI-pUjAthI strIonuM dRSTibiMdu vizuddha banI bezaka bahu ucca banyuM che; kAraNa ke merInuM naitika maidarya anupama hatuM. vidharmIonI devIomAM AvuM saida nahotuM, vizeSa karIne strIne 5 khAsa sadAcAranuM sauMdarya temanAmAM nahotuM. tethI teo jANItI hovA chatAM te pUjAnI AvI gaMbhIra asara thaI nahotI. khristi dharmanI A sevAnI asara hajI sudhI paNa pahoMce che. dharma sudhAraNA kALe proTe sTaMTa mate A merI pUjA mUkI dIdhI, paNa kethalika matamAM e pUjA cAlu rahI, kethalika mata bhAvanA-pradhAna che; proTesTaMTa matavicAra-pradhAna che. tethI kethalika mata strIone khAsa anukULa thAya che; TesTaMTa mata purUSone khAsa anukULa lAge che. strInuM kAma ke levAnuM che ane kethalika dharma te Ape che; purUSanuM kAma pitAnA ja paga upara ubhA rahevAnuM che, ane proTesTaMTa matane eja uddeza che. Ama A bane matanA

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* 442 yUpIya prajAnA AcaraNane ItihAsa. ---- -- daSTibiMduomAM phera che. kethelika mata sAmAnyarIte cAritryane kamaLa kare che, preTesTaMTa mata daDha kare che. paraMtu komaLatA ghaNIvAra nirbaLatAnuM rUpa le che. sAmAnya rIte kethalika prajA lAgaNamAM utsAhI, svabhAvamAM khAsa karIne milanasAra, ane svabhAve vinita ane vivekI hoya che; proTesTaMTa prajA satyapremI, kartavyanA daDha bhAnavALI, ane cAritrayamAM daDhatA ane gauravavALI ghaNuM karIne hoya che. kethalika matanA anuyAyImAM dInatA ane bhakti vizeSa hoya che, proTesTaMTa matanA anuyAyImAM svataMtratA ane Atma-nizcaya vadhAre hoya che. kethalika matamAM vahemI thaI javAnuM valaNa che; proTesTaMTa matamAM dhamAMdha thaI javAnuM valaNa raheluM che. lagna-saMsthAmAM proTesTaMTa mate vizuddhi ane gauravanuM tattva vadhAre umeryuM che ane tethI strI-vargane me lAbha thAya che; chatAM kethalika mata je strIone te anukULa nathI e vAta kabula karavI joIe. vaLI prosTeTa mate maTha-saMsthAne aMta ANyo e vAta paNa strIonA ke duniyAnA hakamAM ekaMdare lAbhadAyaka thaI nathI. nirdhanatA, kauTuMbika durbhAgya ke keI bIjA kAraNathI nirAdhAra thaI paDelI strIo maThane Azraya laI sadAcAranI aMdagI gALI zakatI ane dhArmika kherAtanA kAmamAM madada karI zaktI. paraMtu maThe nAbuda thaI jatAM e vAta jatI rahI. tapovRttinA siddhAMta upara cAlatI maThanI vyavasthAmAM paNa strIonI durdazA vakhate thatI e vAta kharI che; tathApi e saMsthAne sudhArI anyarUpe rAkhavAmAM vadhAre lAbha hatA. paNa tene kevaLa nAbuda karavAthI geralAbha ghaNe thaye che. parayA cAlIpa saMbaMdhane itihAsa ApaNe joye. A saMbaMdha A AuTakavuM rUpa dhAraNa karaze tene nizcayapUrvaka nirNaya agAuthI atyAre karI zakAya e ma.itihAsa kahe che ke jema jema sudhAre vadhata jAya che tema tema purUSanI udAratA vadhAre sateja ane vadhAre vistRta thatI jAya che, temanAM vartana vadhAre kamaLa ane maryAdazIla thatAM jAya che; ane satye prema temanAmAM vadhato jAya che. ItihAsa ema paNa kahe che ke buddhi viSayaka mahAna tejasvI kALamAM ane meTA sAmAjIka sudhArAnA

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strIonI padavI. 443 samayamAM strI purUSonA saMbaMdhamAM ghaNI geravyavasthA paNa vAraMvAra jovAmAM AvelI che. eka amuka prakAranA khAsa dhArmika upadezane lIdhe, ane audyogika sAhasa ane arthazAstra viSayaka vicAramAM hAlamAM thaelA meTA pheraphArane lIdhe sAMprata samayamAM A saMbaMdha bAbata vicAro badalAI gayA che e vAtanI nA kahevAya ema nathI. vastInA tvarita vadhArAne rAjapurUSo ane nItivetAo ane prathama sArI vAta gaNatA hatA. paNa have e mata pracalita che ke e vadhArAne aMkuzamAM rAkhavA lagna ane bALakanI saMkhyA ghaTADavAmAM ja samAjano moTAmAM moTo lAbha samAele che. AvI mAnyatAne lIdhe ane sukhAbhilASI sudhArAnI saMgatImAM rahelI ghaNI kRtrima hAjatene lIdhe, ghaNI strIone kuMvArA rahevuM paDe che ane jIdagImAM pitAne mArga zodhI levo paDe che ane temanI zArIrika nirbaLatAne lIdhe muzkelIo ubhI thAya che, temAM hAlanA kAyadA ane rivAjathI vadhAro thAya che. pasAne ane keLavaNIne lAbha temane joIe te maLatuM nathI; ghaNuM dhaMdhAmAMthI temane bAtala rAkhavAmAM Ave che; bIjA keTalAka dhaMdhA paratve temanuM upahAsa ke niMdA thAya che, ane tethI pariNAma e Ave che ke ghaNI strIo bahu kaMgAla ane garIba avasthAmAM pitAnI jIMdagI gALe che ane ghaNI kharI strIo durAcAramAM pravRtta thAya che. vaLI yAMtrika sudhAre vadhatAM strIo gharamAM besIne kAma karatI te paNa gayuM che. vilAyatI zALo AvatAM reMTIe have gharamAM rahyo nathI. A badhAnuM pariNAma ane nItimAM zuM Avaze tenuM anumAna karavAnuM kAma nItivettAnuM che, ItihAsakAranuM nathI. jamAne badalAtAM strIonI , pravRtti ane keLavaNI badalAze kharI; ane temanI nItimAM paNa kadi pheraphAra thAya, paNa nIti saMbaMdhI keTalAMka pratyakSa darzana je ApaNane thAya che te kadi paNa dUra thaI zakaze nahi. che samApta.

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gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAITI taraphathI prasiddha thayelAM ItihAsanAM pustake. IMglADanI unnatine ItihAsa . . . ----bIsa dezane itihAsa . . * 0-14-0 gujarAtane tihAsa-prAcIna ane arvAcIna (baje bhAganA) 1-12-0 jagatane arvAcIna itihAsa * * * 2-0--0 dakSiNa pUrva samayane itihAsa .. . . 0-9-0 prAcIna bhArata ... * * * * 0-12-0 keca revolyuzana yAne phrAnsa deza mAMhelI rAjyanI uthalapAthalane itihAsa . , 0-1ra-0. briTIza hiMdusthAnane AthIka itihAsa ( bhAga 1 le ane bhAga 2 je. ) * * * -12-2 briTIza riyAsata-pUrvedha * * * 1-8-0 marAThI sattAne udaye . * * 0-10-0 musalamAnI rAjakIya tathA vidyA saMbaMdhI caDhatIne itihAsa - . . . . 0-2-0 rAsamALA. bhA. 1 ane bhA. 2 (dareka bhAganA ) ... 20-0 rIyA . . . - - - - 2 laMkAne itihAsa , . . . 0-3-0 vikramAMkadeva caritra . ... -12-0 surata mAMDavInuM dezI rAjya sthAne mAMDavIne purAtana itihAsa. .. * * * * 0-8-0 hiMdanI rAjyavyavasthA ane sthiti - 1-4-0 hiMdustAnamAM iMgrejI rAjayane udaya * * 0-6-0 hinda sAmrAjya-vai. 4 thuM. bhA. 1 ane 2 (darekane). 1-0-0 A sivAya sosAITIe prasiddha karelAM pustakonI vistArathI hakIkata meTA keTalegamAM ApavAmAM Ave che-te Asi. sekreTarI, gujarAta va yulara sesAiTI, bhadra, amadAvAda emane eka patra lakhethI maphata mokalI ApavAmAM Avaze.

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