________________
32
A STUDY OF THE GUJARATI LANGUAGE
- itavya > MIA -iavva, -ivva > OG -iva; e. g. OG karivau (NG karvu ). This is used as infinitive of purpose. The short -i- in the OG potential participle -iva cannot be explained. That it was short in OG is supported by its later development viz. change to -a-in MG and to zero in NG : OG, karivaŭ > MG, karavū > NG karvu. But ivva-, iavva- > -iva- is the expected form, while we get -iva in OG. In the Western Hindi Group, Braj bhasha and Kanauji show -ib-; in the Magadhan group, Eastern Magadhan (Bengali, Assamese, Oriya ) shows -iba- and Western Magadhan (Maithili, Bhojpuri) shows -ab-. (see Chatterji S. 697 ). iva iva alternation, therefore, may belong to an early period.
5-62. Language of the Old Gujarati texts (about 12-15 centuries ) has passed through this stage of Proto Gujarati. Proto Gujarati is invented to show that Old Gujarati texts can be explained properly if it is assumed that certain changes worked out prior to the changes noticed in the Old Gujarati texts. That prior stage is Proto Gujarati.
V
563. Some instances of this type have been noticed above (see 5.54): MIA Pro. Guj.
OG. - ii
>
-i > i ti >
iai A few other significant changes in Old Gujarati warrant the assumption of an intervening stage.
V V
5-64. With the -0 > -u as a general m. noun termination, in OG m. and n. -u and -u are analogically extended to nouns where it is not a historical development of -0> -11. Thus there are OG nouns such as:
hāthiu (Sk. hastin MIA hastiko > häthiu, OG häthi ) vāniu (Sk. vānijaḥ MIA vānijo > vāniu, OG vāņi) kadūu (Sk. kațu MIA katuko > kaduu, OG kadū ) pāniu (Sk. paniyam MIA pānia > pāniu, OG pāņi )
Sk. loanwords in OG are also extended with this -u; e. g. prasiddha -u 'famous' Thus : -iu
-7 -1 + u
-i + ū -úu > -ū + u >
üu. -ū + u >
นิu Thus, final vowel sequences such as ii, -su, ūu which had contracted to unit vowels -I and -u in Proto Gujarati are readmitted in Old Gujarati by analogical extension.
8. This refers to the instrumental ending -i which is sometimes suffixed to nouns already having an
instrumental suffix -i. ' +'indicates analogical extension.
9. Now, these -iu, iu become common noun forming suffixes, and they are suffixed to nouns which do not bave historical-i also. (See Dave-A study of the Gujarati Language p. 6. 1935;) e.g. marania 'ready to die patangiu butterfly, etc. In a later stage, when -au > -o and thus -o becomes a predominant m. sg. termination, this -u is replaced by -o and the m. noun forming suffix is -io (in this subsequent periods, vowel length is not distinctive). In New Gujarati all the neuter nouns ending in -io are results of this analogical change. Sk. lws, such as Sk, sukhin, sukhi, borrowed in OG as sukhių, sukkiu develop in the same pattern, i.e. as MG -io : sukhio. Even if the OG graphic form varies about the vowel length, i. e. -iu. -īu, the vowel should be interpreted as long. OG short -iu would develop as -yu (see. 5-67) in MG,
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
