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CHAPTER XIX, 35-XX, 4.
mazd ?; one towards the west, that is the Arag ?; and one towards the east, that is the Vêh river. 2. After them eighteen rivers flowed forth from the same source, just as the remaining waters have flowed forth from them in great multitude; as they say that they flowed out so very fast, one from the other, as when a man recites one Ashem-vohů 3 of a series (padisâr). 3. All of those, with the same water, are again mingled with these rivers, that is, the Arag river and Vêh river. 4. Both of them continually circulate through the two extremities of the earth, and pass into the sea; and all the regions feast owing to the discharge (za hâk) of both, which, after both arrive together at the wide-formed ocean, returns to the sources whence they flowed out; as it says in revelation, that just as the light comes in through Alburz and goes out through Albârz“, the
So in K20, and if correct (being only partially confirmed by the fragment of this chapter found in all MSS. between Chaps. XIII and XIV) this reading implies that the rivers are derived partly from the mountains of Albürs, and partly from the celestial Alburg, or the clouds in the sky. M6 has flow forth from the north part of the eastern Albürs.'
For further details regarding these two semi-mythical rivers see $$ 8, 9.
• The sacred formula most frequently recited by the Parsis, and often several times in succession, like the Pater-noster of some Christians; it is not, however, a prayer, but a declaratory formula in praise of righteousness' (which phrase is often used as its name in Pahlavi). It consists of twelve Avesta words, as follows:
Ashem vohû vahistem astî, usta asti; usta ahmâi
hyad ashâi vahistâi ashem. And it may be translated in the following manner : Righteousness is the best good, a blessing it is; a blessing be to that which is righteousness to perfect rectitude' (Asha-vahista the archangel).
• See Chap. V, 5.
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