Panch Parmeshthi Mimansa

Author(s): Surekhashreeji
Publisher: Vichakshan Smruti Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/023544/1

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paMca parameSThI mImAMsA parasparApagrahI jIvAnAm sAdhvI DaoN. surekhAzrIjI ma.sA. D.Lit

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paMca parameSTI mImAMsA sAdhvI DaoN. surekhA zrI D.Litt.

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paMca parameSThI mImAMsA (DI. liT. hetu prastutazodha mahAnibandha) parama pUjyA jaina kokilA pravartinI jI, zAsana prabhAvikA, vizva prema pracArikA zrI vicakSaNa zrI jI ma.sA. kI suziSyA evaM pa. pU. zatAvadhAnI, zAsana jyoti saMgha saMgaThana prerikA pa. pU. manohara zrIjI ma. sA., mukti prabhA zrI jI ma.sA. kI caraNAzritA parama pUjyA : DaoN. surekhA zrI jI ma. sA. (DI. liTa.) prathamAvRtti, saM. 2064, 26 janavarI 2008, jayapura prakAzakaH zrI vicakSaNa smRti prakAzana * artha saujanya zrI jaina zvetAmbara kharataragaccha saMgha zrI zivajI rAma bhavana ema. esa. bI. kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura (rAja.) phona : 2563884 mudraka : koTAvAlA prinTarsa eNDa paeNblizarsa jayapura, phona : 2213288

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(anukramaNikA) pRSTha saM. 3-22 23 32 107 157 189 218 315 338 paMca parameSThI mImAMsA svakathya adhyAya-1 paMca parameSThI : bhUmikA adhyAya-2 parameSThI pada : aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi adhyAya-3 prathama pada arhat parameSThI : avadhAraNA adhyAya-4 siddha pada : avadhAraNA adhyAya-5 tRtIya AcArya pada adhyAya-6 caturtha upAdhyAya pada adhyAya-7 paMcama sAdhu pada adhyAya-8 praNava : OMkAra meM paMca parameSThI adhyAya-9 maMtra rUpa meM pratiSThA - namaskAra maMtra upasaMhAra pariziSTa-1 paMca parameSThI - sAdhana-vidhi-koSTaka pariziSTa-2 taviSayaka sUcI pariziSTa-3 mRtyu ke samaya namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke zravaNa ke pariNAma ke aitihAsika sandarbha saMdarbha graMtha sUcI mUla gratha sAmayika AnuSaMgika graMtha aMgrejI graMtha sUcI aitihAsika graMtha koza graMtha 360 366 370 380 382 385 386 388 389 * 389

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sva-kathya 'paMca parameSThI' se tAtparya hI hai- jaina dharma evaM darzana / ina paMca padoM meM hI jaina tattva darzana samAyA hai| kyoMki ye sAdhana bhI hai, sAdhya bhii| sAdhaka kA prathama caraNa bhI hai, to aMtima sopAna bhI hai, maMjila bhI hai| kyoMki inakA smaraNa, zaraNa, samarpaNa tadmayatA pradAna karatA hai| yadyapi ina padoM ko namaskAra prathama maMgalabhUta mAnA gayA, sarvazAstroM kA sAra mAnya kiyA gayA, tathApi ina paMca padoM ko grahaNa karanA bhI upAdeya svIkAra kiyA gyaa| arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu- ye paMcapada sArvabhauma hai,saMpradAyatIta hai| isameM kisI kA nAmAkana nahIM hai| kisI vyakti kA ullekha nahIM varan ye vyaktitva kI guNavattA para AdhArita hai| isameM guNagrAhyatA hai, mAtra guNoM kA kathana nahIM hai| prastuta zodha-prabaMdha inhIM paMca padoM ke svarUpa para AdhArita hai| jainadarzana meM hI ina paMca-padoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai yA anya darzanoM ne yathA veda, upaniSad, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka, saMhitA, smRti graMthoM ne vedAnta, mImAMsA, sAMkhya-yoga, nyAya-vaizeSika, bauddha, cArvAka Adi Astika, nAstika darzanoM ne bhI ina padoM ko mAnya kiyA gayA hai| isa mahAnibandha meM isakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| dekhA jAya to vartamAna samaya meM paMca parameSThI padoM kA jaina paramparA meM hI pracalana hai, anya dharma-darzanoM meM nhiiN| jabaki vedavAdI graMthoM meM, bauddhadarzana meM inakA ullekha pracuratA se upalabdha hotA hai| yahA~ taka ki 'parameSThI' zabda kA zabdataH ullekha jaina Agama granthoM meM nahIMvat hai, jabaki brAhmaNa paramparAgata sAhitya meM bahulatA se prayukta huA hai| isI prakAra arhat Adi padoM kA bhI ullekha sarvatra upalabdha hotA hai| tAtparya yahI hai ki ye pada sArvabhauma hai| sarvamAnya hai| jaina dharma-darzana meM ina padoM kA vizleSaNa gahanatA se kiyA gayA hai| isake gUr3hatama rahasya kA isa nibandha meM digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| nava adhyAyoM meM vibhakta yaha nibandha pratyeka pada ke hArda ko kholane meM sahAyakabhUta rahA hai| aneka varadahastoM kA AzIrvAda hI isakI sampannatA hai| isa sudIrghakAla meM anekoM ne divagaMtatA ko bhI prApta kara lii| AcArya pravara zrI kailAza sAgara jI ma.sA., upAdhyAya pravara zrI maNiprabha sAgara jI ma.sA. kA zubhAzISa isakA saMbala rahA hai| pa.pU. sva. pravartinI mahodayA guruvaryA zrI vicakSaNa zrIjI kI divyakRpA isa kArya kI saphalatA hai| zAsana jyoti pa.pU. manohara zrIjI ma.sA., pa.pU. muktiprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. isake preraNAsrota hai| pa.pU. mahattarApada vibhUSitA vinItA zrIjI ma.sA., pa.pU. prava. zrI caMdraprabhA zrIjI ma.sA., pa.pU. candrakalA zrIjI ma.sA., pa.pU. maNiprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. kA zubhAzIrvAda satata milatA rahA hai| merI gurubhaginiyoM kA sAtha isakI gati rahI hai tathA prazamarasA zrIjI evaM hemarekhA zrIjI ne pUrNa sahayoga diyA hai| vidvadvarya sva. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA, DaoN. ena.je. zAha, DaoN. Ara.ema. zAha, DA. vAya.esa. zAstrI, suzrI salonI jozI, suzrI pArUla bahana mAMkaDa, paM. rUpendra bhAI pagAriyA, paM. salonI jozI, suzrI pArUla bahana mAMkaDa, paM. rUpendra bhAI pagAriyA, paM. amRtabhAI paTela Adi evaM lA.da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira isa kArya meM pUrNa sahabhAgI rahe haiN| zrAddhavarya upakulapati mahodaya DaoN. ena.ke. jaina, DaoN. zrImatI kusuma jI DAMgI, DaoN. ke.sI. sogAnI, zrI navaratana zrIzrImAla, zrI prakAza jI koThArI, zrI nirmalajI zrImAla, sva. zrI dulIcaMda jI sA. TAMka, sva. zrI narendra jI jaina, zrI azoka jI phophaliyA, DaoN. bI.ela. jaina, zrI DI.sI. jaina Adi anekAneka mahAnubhAva sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiM, jinake sadbhAva pUrNa sahayoga se yaha kArya pUrNa huaa| anekAneka mahAnubhAvoM se upakRta hU~ jinakA sAtha mujhe samaya-samaya para milatA rahA hai| zrI jaina zvetAmbara kharataragaccha saMgha, jayapura ne isakA prakAzana karavAkara jana-jana ke jJAnArjana meM sahayoga diyA, ataH sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| isakA suMdara mudraNa koTAvAlA prinTarsa evaM pablizarsa prA.li., jayapura ne karake sabako lAbhAnvita kiyaa| ___ aMta meM sabhI se abhyarthanA ki isakA svAdhyAya karake, jJAnArjana meM vRddhi karake, paMcapada maya jIvanayApana karane kA puruSArtha kreN| guru vicakSaNa caraNaraja surekhA zrI

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(3) 1. paMca parameSThI : bhUmikA 'paMca parameSThI' - pada jaina dharma/darzana ke AdhArastambha haiN| jaina paramparA ina paMca padoM ko apanA parama ArAdhya svIkAra karatI hai| jo parama pada meM sthita haiM ve parameSThI haiN| arhat, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye paMca pada parama maMgala svarUpa svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| ye paMca pada parama pada para AsIna hone se hue haiN| yadyapi ye Atma svarUpa hI hai, parantu parama sAdhya hai| siddha ke atirikta ye deva nahIM apitu mAnava haiN| ina pA~coM meM prathama do pada parama zuddhAvasthA ko prApta haiN| ina do meM se bhI dUsarA pada parama vizuddha-mukta AtmA kA hai evaM prathama arhat pada saMsArI rUpa meM mukta AtmA ke samAna zuddha avasthAna yukta hai| dharma mArga kA pravartana karane se ye pUjanIya, AdaraNIya, samAcaraNIya haiN| jagat kA kalyANa karane hetu, sanmArga kI ora prerita karane hetu , bhavaduHkhoM se mukta karAne hetu arhat dharmasaMgha kI sthApanA karake dharmapravartana karate haiN| AcArya usa dharma saMgha ke netA, upAdhyAya saMgha ke zikSaka tathA sAdhu zaikSa tathA sAdhanAzIla hote haiN| vastutaH ye tInoM pada sAdhaka avasthA ke haiN| jisameM kramazaH vikAsa ke sopAna kA Adarza prastuta kiyA gayA hai| AtmA se paramAtmA pada ke bIca kI IkAIyA~ haiM / jaina darzana kA mantavya yahI hai ki AtmA hI paramAtma pada para AsIna hotA hai| jaina darzana hI nahIM apitu anya Astika darzana kA lakSya bhI isa parama pada kI prApti hai| bhAratIya darzanoM ke antargata mAtra cArvAka darzana ko chor3akara sabhI Astika darzanoM ne parama-tattva ke astitva ko to svIkAra kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI usa parama tattva kI upAsanA va ArAdhanA para bhI bala diyA hai| Astika darzanoM meM sAdhAraNataH jo Izvara meM vizvAsa va AsthA rakhate haiM, unako mAnya kiyA jAtA hai, aura jo Izvara kI sattA kA niSedha karate haiM unako nAstika se abhipreta kiyA jAtA hai| 'nAstiko vedanindakaH' manusmRti meM veda niMdakoM ko nAstika saMjJA se vyavahRta kiyA hai, apekSAkRta dRSTikoNa se jaina, bauddha, cArvAka darzanoM ko to nAstika ThaharAyA hI, sAtha hI anIzvaravAdI hone se sAMkhya aura pUrvamImAMsA kA bhI nAstikatA meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai| maharSi pANinI ne 'Astika' kI zAstrIya vyAkhyA apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM kI hai- 'asti paraloka iti matiryasya sa Astika:2 arthAt paraloka kI sattA meM vizvAsazIla puruSa! 1. manusmRti, 2.11 2. pANinI 4.4.60

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(4) dvAdazAMgI ke prathama aMga sUtra 'AcArAMga' meM isa para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| isa tathya kI prAmANikatA isameM astivAda ke cAra aMgoM kI svIkRti ke dvArA hotI hai-'AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda aura kriyaavaad'| isI kI puSTi 'sUtrakRtAMga'-dvitIya aMga sUtra meM bhI hai-'loka-aloka, jIva-ajIva, dharmaadharma, baMdha-mokSa, puNya-pApa, kriyA-akriyA nahIM hai, aisI saMjJA mata rkho| kintu ye saba haiM, aisI saMjJA rkho| spaSTa hai ki Astika darzanoM kI bhitti-AtmavAda para adhiSThita hai| isa AtmavAda ke prazna ko hI darzana kI utpatti kI pRSThabhUmi kaheM to anucita na hogaa| AcAraMga sUtra meM kathana hai, 'aneka vyakti yaha nahIM jAnate hai ki maiM kahA~ se AyA hU~ ? merA punarjanma hogA yA nahIM ? maiM kauna hU~ ? yahA~ se phira kahA~ jAU~gA? yahI jijJAsA darzana kI janmadAtrI hai| dharma/darzana kA mUla AtmA hai| yadi AtmA hai to vaha hai, nahIM to nhiiN| yahI Atmatattva AstikoM kA 'AtmavAda' saMjJA prApta karatA hai| bhAratIya dArzanika, pAzcAtya dArzanika kI bhAMti mAtra satya kA jJAna hI nahIM cAhatA, vaha cAhatA hai mokSa / maitreyI yAjJavalkya se kahatI hai, jisase maiM amRta nahIM banatI, use lekara kyA karUM? jo amRtattva kA sAdhana ho, vahI mujhe btaao| isI bhAMti kamalAvatI ikSukAra ko sAvadhAna karatI hai, he naradeva! dharma ke sivAya anya koI bhI vastu trANa nahIM hai| prastuta meM maitreyI apane pati se mokSa ke sAdhanabhUta adhyAtma jJAna kI yAcanA karatI hai, to kamalAvatI apane pati ko dharma kA mahattva batalAtI hai| isa prakAra dharma kI AtmA meM praviSTa hokara vaha AtmavAda hI adhyAtmavAda bana jAtA hai| yahI svara upaniSadoM ke RSiyoM kI vANI meM se bhI nikalA, "AtmA hI darzanIya, zravaNIya, mananIya aura dhyAna kiye jAne yogya hai| ___ isa prakAra darzana kA prArambha AtmA se hotA hai aura usakA anta prmaatmpdse| satya jJAna usakA zarIra hai aura isa satya kA prAkaTya usakI AtmA hai| 1. AcA.1.1.5. 2. sUyagaDo 2.5, 12-16 3. AcA. 1-1-1-1. 4. bRha. 2.4.30 5. uttarA. 14.40 6.ka bRhadAraNyaka upa. 2.4.5.,kha zukra rahasya 3.13

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. (5) mUrta padArthoM kI bhAMti pratyakSa na hone se amUrta padArthoM kA niSedha bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| cUMki AtmA amUrta hai phira bhI usakA astitva bhI svayaM-siddha hotA hai| Adhunika vijJAna ke mAdhyama se bhI aneka tattvoM kA pratyakSa nahIM ho paayaa| phira bhI kAryoM ke kAraNa astitva to mAnanA hI par3atA hai| 'Ithara' jaise tattva kA pratyakSa na hone para bhI usake astitva kA niSedha bhI nahIM kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra bhAratIya cintakoM kA cintana AtmA kI svayaMsiddhi para tathA usakI anirvacanIyatA para pramukha rUpa se rahA hai| jIva, AtmA yA cetanA kI sattA kA prazna mahattvapUrNa hone para bhI dArzanika kSetra meM vivAdAspada nahIM rhaa| paramAtma svarUpa : bhinna 2 paramparAoM meM paramAtmA, paramezvara, paramabrahma yA paramadeva zabda se pUjita athavA dhyAnaupAsanA karane meM jo paramatattva kI mAnyatA aura jIvita kalpanAe~ Aja pracalita haiM, isa vicAra-yAtrA meM pahuMcane meM mAnava mAnasa ne hajAroM varSa vyatIta kiye haiN| yadyapi isa jaTila yAtrA kA ullekha itihAsa meM vistRta rUpa se prApta nahIM hotA tathApi kahA jA sakatA hai ki Izvara yA paramAtmA saMbaMdhI ye vicAra bhedadraSTi se prArambha hokara uttarottara abhedadRSTi kI ora gatimAna hue haiN| bhedadRSTi meM jIva aura prAkRtika tattvoM kA bheda, prAkRtika ghaTanAe~ aura una ghaTanAoM ke preraka devoM kA bheda, aneka devatAoM meM paraspara bheda aura deva tathA paramadeva paramAtmA meM bheda; isa prakAra anekavidha bhedoM kA samAveza hotA hai| jabaki abheda-dRSTi meM prAkRtika dRzya tathA prAkRtika ghaTanAe~ evaM unake preraka devoM ke bIca bheda samApta hotA jAtA hai, aneka devoM ke madhya paraspara bheda bhI nahIM rahatA aura yahA~ taka ki aMta meM jIva aura paramAtmA ke madhya se bhedarekhA bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| mAnavIya mAnasa jitane aMza meM antarmukha hotA hai, utane aMza meM usakI abhedadRSTi vikasita hotI jAtI hai| jitanA adhika vaha antarmukha hotA hai, usameM abhedadRSTi kA vistAra va vikAsa hotA jAtA hai| aura anta meM jaba pUrNataH urdhvamukha yA sarvatomukha vikAsabhUmikA meM praveza karatA hai taba bhedadRSTi kA pUrNatayA lopa ho jAtA hai, sAtha hI abhedadRSTi ke naye naye zikharoM kA sparza karane lagatA hai| isa vikAsayAtrA meM mAnava ne prathama deva ko sarjana kA kartA mAnakara pUjA kI, pazcAt usameM kartRtva evaM nyAyakartA kI bhAvanA utpanna huI arthAt deva sRSTi kA kartA hai itanA hI nahIM parantu vaha jIvoM ko nyAyamArga para prerita karake unake sukRta-duSkRta ke anusAra

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zubha-azubha phaladAtA hai| deva jIvoM kA nItiniyAmaka hai| aura jaba mAnava-mana isase bhI adhika aMtarmukha aura urdhvamukha huA taba usane deva yA paramezvara ko kartA yA nIti-niyAmaka ke rUpa meM mAnya na karake, use sAkSI rUpa meM mAnya kara usakI upAsanA vaM dhyAna sAdhanA prArambha kii| aura isameM Age bar3hane para sAkSIbhAva ke atirikta abhinna svarUpa meM use nihaaraa| isa prakAra svataMtra paramAtmA bhinna aura sAkSIpada kI sthiti meM se eka ora jIva aura jagata ke sAtha abhinna rUpa meM paryavasAna prApta karatA hai, to dUsarI ora svataMtra jIva hI paramAtmA svarUpa meM sthita huaa| sArAMza yaha hai ki abhedadRSTi ke vikAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa paramAtmA yA parabrahma yaha eka hI tattva vAstavika rUpa se mAnya karake usameM jIva aura jagat ke astitva kA vilaya huA to dUsarI ora bahuAtmavAdI mAnyatA meM bhI aneka AtmAoM kA svataMtra astitva mAnane para bhI ye AtmAe~ hI paramAtmasvarUpa meM yA parabrahmasvarUpa meM mAnI gii| pahale abheda meM jIva paramAtmA meM vilIna ho gayA to dUsare abheda meM jIvoM meM hI paramAtmA kA samAveza ho gyaa| brAhmaNa paramparA prakRti yA nisarga pUjA meM se prArambha hokara paramAtmA kI dhyAnopAsanA meM paryavasAna prApta karatI mAnavIya mAnasa kI vicArayAtrA mukhyarUpa se upalabdha vaidika , bauddha aura jaina paramparA meM dRSTigata hotI hai| vaidika vAGmaya meM vedoM kA aura upaniSadoM kA aura usameM bhI Rgveda kA sthAna aneka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| Rgveda meM sUrya, candra, uSA, agni, vAyu Adi prAkRta tattva, apanI mahattA aura adbhutatA ke kAraNa hI pUjita haiN| sAtha hI inakI mahattA evaM preraka zakti ke rUpa meM aneka devoM kA astitva svIkAra kiyA gayA aura ye deva hI ina prAkRtika ghaTanA ke kartA mAnya kiye gye| anekadevavAda kI bhUmikA ke antargata ye mAnya kiye gye| ina devoM meM koI pradhAna aura koI gauNa bhI hue| inameM anta meM eka hI deva zeSa rahatA hai anya devoM kA samAveza isameM hI ho jAtA hai| aura yaha eka deva hI usa vakta paramAtmA aura vahI hiraNyagarbha, vizvakarmA, prajApati jaise nAmoM se vyavahRta huA hai| brAhmaNa aura upaniSadoM meM to eka deva rUpa meM prajApati hI zeSa rahatA hai| kabhI-kabhI svayaMbhU pada bhI isa artha meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| yahI eka deva yA ekezvara kI mAnyatA advaita rUpa meM vikasita hokara Adyaparyanta sthita rahI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM usI paramezvara ne mahezvara abhidhAna dhAraNa karake, use sRSTikartA aura puNya-pApa niyAmaka rUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, to vaiSNava

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(7) hA paramparAoM meM isane puruSottama, vAsudeva yA nArAyaNa nAma se sthAna prApta kiyA hai| sezvara sAMkhya yA yogazAstra meM puruSavizeSa yA Izvara nAma dhAraNa kiyA hai| yaha puruSa vizeSa kartA yA nyAyadAtA miTakara mAtra sAkSIrUpa se vyavahRta huA hai, jo ki kUTasthanityatA kI mAnyatA ke sAtha saMgata hai| ___parantu Rgveda ke kucheka sUtroM meM evaM upaniSada ke kucha aMzoM meM sAtha hI zaMkarAcArya jaise praur3ha AcAryoM ne isa mAnyatA meM adbhuta vikAsa kiyA hai| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra jIva aura jagat se bhinna kisI paramAtma tattva ke atirikta sarvatra vyApta eka saccidAnaMdasvarUpa parabrahma hI vAstavika hai| yahI aMtima satya hai| yaha akhaMDa parabrahma kI mAnyatA deza-kAla ke bheda se bhI pare hai, jo ki jIvAtmAoM ke paraspara pRthakkaraNa aura bhinnatva para AdhArita nahIM hai| isa prakAra Rgveda meM ullikhita nisargapUjA anekadevavAda, kramapradhAnadevavAda, ekadevavAda aura aMta meM parabrahmavAda meM virAma letI hai| ekezvaravAda aura parabrahmavAda ina donoM vAdoM meM hI Aja sabhI vaidika darzanoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| zramaNa paramparA jaina aura bauddha paramparA mUla rUpa se vaidika vAGmaya ko antima pramANa rUpa se svIkAratI hI nahIM balki vaidika vAGmaya se nirapekSa apanA mantavya prastuta karatI hai| yahA~ jIva, jagat aura paramAtmA viSayaka cintana aura mata bhinna aura svatantra vaicArika bhUmikA para sthira hue haiN| ___ vaidika vAGmaya aura vedAvalambI darzanoM meM deva yA aneka deva pradhAna pada kA bhoga karate haiM aura ve sRSTikartA, vizvakarmA athavA prajApati hote haiM, jo ki varuNa yA anya nAma se prANiyoM ke sukRta-duSkRta ke preraka ho jAte haiN| jinakA koI bhI bhakta, upAsaka, jJAnI, karmayogI yA karmakAMDI manuSya svAbhAvika rUpa se hI unakA kiMkara yA dAsa banakara unakI kRpA yA anugraha prApta karanA cAhatA hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparA meM bhI devoM kA sthAna to hai, kintu ye sarva deva-devendra cAhe jitanI bhautika vibhUti, Rddhi samRddhiyukta ho, kintu unakI apekSA manuSya kA sthAna ucca hai| ina donoM paramparA kI eka dhruva mAnyatA hai ki bAhya vibhUti.aura zArIrika zakti kI dRSTi se manuSya devoM kI apekSA hIna hai, kintu jaba vaha AdhyAtmika patha para ArUr3ha ho jAtA hai, taba zaktizAlI deva bhI usake kiMkara ho jAte haiN| sRSTikartA evaM nIti niyAmakatA ke rUpa meM deva ke astitva ko 1. dazavaikAlika, 1. 1.

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(8) donoM paramparAoM meM prArambha se hI avakAza nahIM rhtaa| ina donoM paramparAoM meM manuSya (AtmA)-AdhyAtmika manuSya-sAdhanA ke zikhara para pahu~cA manuSya hI devAdhideva yA paramAtmA kA sthAna grahaNa karatA hai, kintu kartA yA phaladAtA ke rUpa meM nahIM varan Adarza upAsya ke rUpa meM hii| vaidika paramparA meM sarjanavyApAra RgvedakAla se hI do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| 1. koI eka samartha deva apane se bhinna aise upAdAna dravya meM se sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai, yaha huI bhedamUlaka dRsstti| 2. dUsarI ora mala meM hI koI tattva aisA hai ki svasaMkalpa aura tapabala ke dvArA upAdAna ke binA hI apane meM se hI isa carAcara sRSTi kA sRjana karatA hai, yaha huI abheda dRsstti| __ jaina aura bauddha paramparA uparyukta donoM vaidika dRSTiyoM ko svIkAra na karake yaha mAnate haiM ki acetana aura bhautika tattva, evaM cetana sattva yA jIva svataMtra tattva hai, unakA koI sarjana nahIM krtaa| unameM bhI jo cetana-sattva haiM, ve aisI zakti dhAraNa karate haiM, jo usa zakti ke dvArA apanA UrdhvagAmI AdhyAtmika vikAsa sAdha lete haiN| ye pUrNazuddha AtmA hI paramAtma-pada ko dhAraNa karate haiN| ye pUrNa zuddha sattva samAna haiN| ye aneka bhI ho sakate haiN| isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM paramezvara, puruSottama yA paramAtmA arthAt vAsanA aura baMdhanamukta sttv| vivarta kaivalAdvaitavAdI brahmavAda aura jaina paramparA meM yaha antara hai ki kaivalAdvaitI brahmavAda meM pAramArthika tattva ke rUpa meM ekamAtra saccidAnanda brahma hI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki dRSTigata jIvabheda to mAtra aupAdhika hai| zuddha brahmasvarUpa kA athavA jIva-brahma ke aikya kA vAstavika jJAna hote hI jIva kA aupAdhika astitva vilaya ho jAtA hai aura deza-kAla kI upAdhi se pare zuddha parabrahma kA hI anubhava rahatA hai| jabaki jaina paramparA meM jIvoM kA vaiyaktika bheda vAstavika hai| jIvoM ke atirikta koI brahmatattva nhiiN| upaniSadoM meM brahmatattva kA jo pAramArthika saccidAnanda svarUpa hai, vaha pAramArthika svarUpa jaina dRSTi se pratyeka jIvAtmA meM antarnihita hai, kintu vaha AvaraNoM se AvRtta haiN| jo jIvAtmA yogasAdhanA dvArA ina AvaraNoM kA samUloccheda karatA hai, vaha vizuddha brahma svarUpa ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra jaina dRSTi se jo jIvAtmA nirAvaraNa hotI hai, vaha samAna bhAva meM parabrahma svarUpa hai| yahA~ kaivalAdvaitI vedAnta kI abhedadRSTi aura jaina paramparA kI bhedadRSTi meM AkAzapAtAla jitanA antara hone para bhI paramAtma svarUpa meM adbhuta sAmya yaha hai ki tattvataH saccidAnanda brahma eka ho yA aneka kintu saccidAnandatA meM sAdRzyatA hai|

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(9) yadyapi bauddha paramparA meM videha mukta citta arthAt nirvANa prApta citta kA spaSTa aura sarvamAnya varNana samprApta nahIM hotaa| bauddha paramparA meM yaha sthiti avyAkRta kahI gaI hai| phira bhI yaha to sarvasammata hai ki lokottara sthiti ko prApta sattva jo sarvathA vAsanA-baMdhana yA saMyojanA se mukta ho, vizuddha svarUpa prApta hai vaha arhat, sugata yA paramAtmA hai| __ sArAMza yaha hai ki nyAya vaizeSika Adi kitanIka paramparAe~ eka svataMtra kartA aura nItiniyAmaka ke rUpa meM paramAtmA svIkAra karatI hai| yoga evaM sezvara sAMkhyAdi paramparA mAtra sAkSIrUpa meM paramAtmA ko mAnya karate haiN| idhara kaivalAdvaita jaisI paramparA bhinna kartA, niyAmaka aura sAkSIrUpa eka paramAtmA ko na mAnakara tadbhinna eka saccidAnanda brahmatattva ko paramAtmA kahatI hai| jabaki jaina-bauddha paramparA meM ina saba se bhinna aneka pAramArthika zakti svarUpa paramAtmA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kA saMbaMdha ___ upalabdha bhAratIya vAGmaya ke tattvacintana kI pravAhita dhArA meM vikAsakrama kI ora dRSTi kareM to vidita hotA hai ki Rgveda ke mahattvapUrNa kitaneka sUktoM meM jo tattvacintana hai, vaha gUr3ha, gaharA aura AkarSaka hone ke bAvajUda bhI usameM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA yA paramatattva ke sAtha jIvAtmA ke saMbaMdha kA mArmika prazna udbhavita hI nahIM huaa| brAhmaNagraMthoM meM tattvacintana to hai, parantu vaha yajJayAgAdi karmakANDa ke svarUpa aura usase aihika-pAralaukika lAbhoM kI kAmanA meM hI sImita raha gyaa| upaniSadoM ke tattvacintana meM Adhibhautika yA Adhidaivika viSayaka carcA to huI hai, parantu vaha AdhyAtmika bhUmikA kI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM huI hai| isI se upaniSadoM kA tattvacintana jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke saMbaMdha ko mukhya rUpa se sparza karatA hai| idhara jaina aura bauddha vAGmaya ke tattvacintana kI nIMva hI AdhyAtmika bhUmikA para sthira huI hai| ataH jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kA saMbaMdha kA ullekha bhI inake hI sandarbha meM kiyA jA skegaa| pratyeka jIvAtmA meM yA cetana meM eka aisI akala divyazakti hai jo na sthUla iMdriyagamya hai na sthUla manogamya hai| kintu vaha hai, itanA hI nahIM balki vaha spaMdamAna aura pragatizIla hai| yaha pratIti mAnavadehadhArI cetana kI jAgRti se 1.dIghanikAya poTTapAda sutta 26-27-55 217-8, majjhi nikAya, cUlamAluMkya sutta, pR.95 bambaI

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(10) ho jAtI hai| manuSya apanI divyazakti kI agamya preraNA se hI vartamAna jIvana ke baMdhana ke ghere meM se mukta hone kA prayAsa hI nahIM karatA varan usa sthiti se vizeSa aura vizeSa urdhvagAmI hone kI AkAMkSA karatA hai| yadi aisI koI divyazakti kI preraNA yA jAgRti na ho to mAnava-mana ne sva-svarUpa ke viSaya meM, jagat ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM zodha na karI hotI aura akalpya paramAtma svarUpa kA Adarza sanmukha rakhakara aiSaNA meM se udbhavita ciraparicita sukhoM ko tyAgane meM paramAnanda na mAnA hotaa| manuSya ne aisI AdhyAtmika preraNA ke kAraNa hI mokSa-puruSArtha ke sAtha niSkAmatA kA anivArya saMbaMdha anubhava kiyA aura isI mArga para hI prasthAna kiyaa| manuSya-sAdhakamanuSya ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki paramAtmA ke sAtha usakA saMbaMdha cAhe dvaitakoTi kA ho yA advaitakoTi kA, parantu vaha saMbaMdha arthAt mukti siddha karane kA anivArya sAdhana niSkAmatA yA niSkaSAyatA hI hai| koI bhI AdhyAtmika paramparA kA aisA sAdhaka eka bhI nahIM ki jo paramAtma pada prApta karane ke liye niSkAmatA ko anivArya sAdhana na mAnatA ho| isa prakAra jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke bIca ke saMbaMdha ke prazna se sAdhaka ne mokSa kA Adarza pUrNa kiyA aura sAtha hI usane sarvasammata sAdhana ke rUpa meM niSkAmatA ko svIkAra kiyaa| mokSa kA svarUpa sAmAnya rUpa se mokSa yA mukti kI do avasthAe~ nirUpita kI jAtI rahI haiM1. sadeha avasthA - jIvanmukti 2. videha avasthA - videhamukti jIvanmukti dehadhArI AtmA meM rAga dveSa aura moha kI sarvathA nivRtti siddha honA jIvanmukti hai| unakI pravRtti deha saMbaMdhita hotI hai| Avazyaka deha pravRtti karane para bhI rAgadveSa janya vRttiyA~ evaM ajJAna kA lavaleza bhI sparza na hone se baMdhanagrasta nahIM hote| unakA samagra pravRttiyA~ sahajatA se kalyANavaha hotI hai aura AyuSya kA paripAka hote hI ve videhamukta ho jAte haiN| jIvanmukta jaisA ki nAma se hI jJAta hotA hai-jIvita avasthA meM muktaavsthaa| yaha eka aisI avasthA hai jo videhAvasthA kI pUrvAvasthA to hai hI, kintu videhamukta hone se pUrva anivArya rUpa se jIvanmukta honA hI hotA hai| yadi jIvana dazA meM rAga, dveSa, mohAdi duSpravRttiyoM se mukta na ho

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(11) sake to videhAvasthA ko prApta nahIM ho skte| cAhe jIvana ke antima samaya meM hI kyoM na ho para jIvanmukta honA Avazyaka hai| ___ jaina paramparA meM ina jIvanamukta kA arhat, tIrthaMkara, sayogIkevalI svarUpa varNana kiyA hai| bauddha paramparA meM ye jIvanmukta arhat, sugata yA lokottara sattva ke rUpa meM jAne jAte haiN| jisakA vizada varNana siddha pada meM kiyA gayA hai| nyAya aura yoga paramparA meM bhI jIvanmukta kA astitva svIkAra karate hue unheM caramadeha, kevalI, kuzala' Adi vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kiyA hai| sAmAnyatayA rAmAnuja, madhva, Adi vaiSNava paramparA ke atirikta sabhI AdhyAtmika paramparAoM meM jIvanmukta kA astitva svIkAra kiyA hai| videhamukta videhamukta hone para jIvAtmA kA svarUpa aura usakI sthiti kaisI hotI hai? isa viSaya meM dArzanikoM kI bhinna 2 mAnyatAe~ haiM / jo ki paraspara viruddha bhI haiM, to sAmyatA liye hue bhI haiM, jo ki nimna haiM 1. ucchedavAdI-deha ke sAtha hI caitanya ke astitva kA lopa ho jAtA hai, yaha mAnyatA apunarjanmavAdI ucchedavAdI kI hai| 2. zAzvatavAdI-jo ki dehanAza ke pazcAt bhI caitanya kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM astitva svIkAra karate haiM, ve zAzvatavAdI haiN| zAzvata kA tAtparya hai, jo tattva hamezA rahe, kabhI usakA uccheda na ho| zAzvata ke artha meM nitya, dhruva, kUTastha Adi zabda prayukta hote haiN| isa nityatA ke pAramArthika svarUpa ke viSaya meM tattvacintakoM meM kaI prazna udbhUta hue 1. nirantara arthAt jo satata vidyamAna hone para bhI usameM kucha parivartana na Ave vaha? athavA 2. jisakA satata astitva hone para bhI svabhU zakti se aura bAhya nimitta se sajAtIya yA vijAtIya kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana yA pariNAma kA anubhava kare vh| isa prakAra zAzvata yA niraMtara tattva ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM ye do prazna the| koI aparivartiSNu zAzvata tattva ko mAnate, to koI parivartiSNu zAzvata tattva ko 1. nyAyabhASya 4.2.1., nyAyabhASya 4.1.64 2. yogasUtrabhAdhya 2.4. 27.

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(12) svIkAra krte| isameM pahale prakAra vAle kUTasthanityavAdI kahalAye to dUsare prinnaaminityvaadii| parantu donoM ne tattva ko nitya yA nirantara to svIkAra kiyA hI hai| antara parivartana hone para kA hai| dravya kabhI apUrva utpanna nahIM hotA aura na hI sarvathA usakA vinAza hotA hai| zAzvata aura ucchedavAda vastutaH donoM paraspara viruddha mantavya hai| aisI antima koTiyA~ ekAnta yA ekAMgI hone se pAramArthika nahIM ho sakatI, aise mantavyoM se buddha ne madhyamapratipadA vikasita kii| buddha ke dArzanika cintana kA mUla artha yahI hai ki koI bhI dravya yA tattva na to mAtra zAzvata ho sakatA hai aura na hI mAtra ucchedshiil| buddha tattva use svIkAra karate haiM ki jisameM na to zAzvatatA ho aura na hI ucchedtaa| isa prakAra kUTastha aura nityatva na ho aisA madhyamamArga buddha ne svIkAra kiyaa| isa madhyamamArga vicAra meM se kramazaH santati-nityatAvAda vikasita huaa| tAtparya isakA yaha hai ki parivartana jisameM ho, aisA koI anusyUta yA akhaMDa dravya nahIM hai, parantu pUrvottara kSaNoM meM pravartatI eka satata dhArAmAtra hai| isa prakAra ye punarjanma-mata meM vizvAsa karate haiN| parantu punarjanma ke svIkAra se arthAt janmajanmAntara meM citta yA caitanya dhArA kA sAtatya svIkAranA pdd'aa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki santati-nityatAvAda yaha kUTastha nityatA aura pariNAmi nityatA donoM kA virodha karane vAlA eka aisA pakSa hai ki jisameM donoM pakSoM ke AkSepoM kA nirAkaraNa karake apanA astitva sAbita karane kaa| idhara kUTasthanityavAdI aura pariNAminitya donoM hI vAdoM ke prahAroM, AkSepoM kA nivAraNa bhI karanA thaa| isa prakAra pratyeka pakSa para dUsare pakSa kA parokSa rUpa se prahAra par3A hI hai| bhAratIya paramparA cAra vibhAgoM meM samAviSTa hotI hai-vaidika, jaina, bauddha, aajiivk| AjIvaka paramparA kA itihAsa vistRta hone para bhI Aja unakA svataMtra sAmpradAyika sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai| itara paramparAoM ke sAhitya meM saMgrahita rUpa meM hI prApta hotA hai| vaidika paramparA meM 6 darzanoM kA samAveza hotA hai- nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA aura uttrmiimaaNsaa| pUrvamImAMsA, upaniSad Adi mokSavAdI vicAroM kA Adara karatI hai, kintu vAstava meM vaha karma mImAMsA hai| aura karma-phala ke rUpa meM svarga se itara ucca Adarza yA dhyeya kA vicAra nahIM 1. dIghanikAyagata brahmajAlasuttaH saMyuktanikAya 12. 17. 12. 24.

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(13) krtii| ataH mokSa kA prazna udbhavita nahIM hotaa| __ vaidika darzanoM meM Atmatattva kI kUTasthanityatA mAnya kI gaI hai| koI jIvAtmA aura. paramAtmA kA bheda svIkAre yA sarvathA abheda svIkAre yA bhedAbheda maane| isI prakAra koI AtmA ko vibhu mAne yA aNu mAne, koI bahutva mAne yA ekatva mAne kintu vaha AtmA ko kUTastha nitya to mAnate hI hai| kaNAda kA vaizeSika darzana aura usakA anusaraNa karane vAle, akSapAda kA nyAyadarzana donoM hI AtmA ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM ekamata hai| donoM ke mata meM AtmA kUTasthanitya aura dehabheda se bhinna hai aura ye apavarga yA mukti ko bhI svIkArate haiN| kapila kA sAMkhya darzana aura pAtaMjala kA yogadarzana donoM dehabhede Atmabheda mAnakara AtmA kA kUTastha nityatva bhI mAnate haiN| apavAda mAtra se antara itanA hI hai ki caubIsa tattva mAnane vAlA sAMkhya kA prAcIna stara prakRti se bhinna aise puruSa kA astitva nahIM mAnakara jIvatattva, punarjanma aura mokSa ke vicAroM ko prakRti meM svIkAra kara, prakRti ko kUTastha nitya nahIM varan pariNAminitya svIkAra karate haiN| aupaniSaddarzana kI aneka zAkhAoM meM se zaMkara kevalAdvaitavAdI aura eka akhaNDa brahmatattvavAdI haiN| ve brahmatattva kA kUTastha-nitya svarUpa svIkArate haiN| jabaki rAmAmuja viziSTAdvaita hokara brahma tattva se kiMcid bhinna aise jar3a aura cetana jIvatattva ko vAstavika rUpa se mAnya karate haiN| madhva to nyAyavaizeSika kI bhAMti dvaitavAdI hone se jIvAtmAoM kA bahutva mAnakara unakA pAramArthika astitva mAnate haiN| pharka yahI hai ki ve rAmAnuja kI bhAMti jIva ko aNurUpa mAnakara unakA kUTastha nityatva ghaTAte haiN| madhva brahma yA viSNu tattva ko to jIva se bhinna aura kUTasthanitya mAnate hI haiM aura hI vibhu bhI svIkAra karate haiN| vallabha brahmatattva ko vibhu mAnakara usake pariNAmasvarUpa hI jIva-jagata kA varNana karate haiN| aisA mAnane se ve paramabrahma meM pariNAmitva kI AnevAlI Apatti ko TAlane ke liye use avikRta pariNAmI kahate haiM arthAt brahma pariNAmI hone para bhI usameM vikAra nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra vallabha sAMkhya kI prakRti kA pariNAmitva brahmatatva meM mAnakara bhI use avikRta pariNAmi kahakara kUTasthanityatva kA bhinna prakAra se samarthana karate haiN|' 1. go. ha. bhaTTa kRta brahmasUtra-aNubhASya ke gujarAtI anuvAda kI prastAvanA.

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(14) nyAya vaizeSika AtmA ko cetana kahakara bhI, AtmA meM caitanya sAhajika na mAnakara Agantuka guNa rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| zarIra, iMdriya aura mana Adi kA saMbaMdha ho taba taka hI unake dvArA utpanna jJAna AtmA meM hote haiN| ina jJAnoM ko dhAraNa karane kI zakti arthAt upAdAnakAraNatA hI inake mata meM caitanya hai| adhyAtmika-vikAsa kI apekSA AtmA ke bheda ___jaisA ki pUrva meM kathana kiyA hai ki jaina darzana meM AtmA kI yogyatA ke viSaya meM, svarUpa meM, samAnatA mAnI gaI hai| AtmotthAna kI sahaja yogyatA samagra AtmAoM meM eka samAna hai| phira bhI sabhI kA vikAsa eka sA nahIM hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki usakA puruSArtha AtmAbhimukha nahIM hotaa| jaina dharma-darzana AtmA kI uccAvasthA Atma-apekSA hI svIkAra karatA hai| jaba taka AtmA zuddha AtmasvarUpa ke abhimukha nahIM hogA, taba taka apanI zuddhAtma dazA kA pragaTIkaraNa nahIM kara paaegaa| yaha pratyeka AtmA ke puruSArtha evaM nimitta ke balAbala para hI AdhArita hai| isI Atma-sApekSa avasthAoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara jaina dArzanika AtmA ke tIna bheda karate haiM 1. bahirAtmA 2. antarAtmA 3. paramAtmA AcArya kuMdakuMda', pUjyapAda, yogendu, zubhacandrAcArya', svAmikArtikeya', nemicanda, amRtacanda', rAjamalla, amitagati', devasena", brahmasena Adi AcAryoM ne uparyukta tInoM bhedoM kA ullekha svagranthoM meM kiyA hai| Agama grantha 1. (ka) mokSa pAhuDa, gA.4 (kha) rayaNa sAra (ga) niyamasAra 2. samAdhizataka, 4 3. (ka) paramAtmaprakAza 1.11-12. (kha) yogasAra-6 4.jJAnArNava, 32.5 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA-192 6. dravyasaMgraha 14 7. puruSArthasiddhyupAya 8.adhyAtmaka kamala mArtaNDa-12 9. (ka) yogasAra (kha) amitagati zrAvakAcAra 10. jJAnasAra, gA. 29 11. dravyasaMgraha TIkA, 14

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(15) AcArAGga Adi meM ina tInoM bheda kA varNana to upalabdha hotA hai, kintu spaSTatayA ye tIna bheda haiM, tathA prakAra kI saMyojanA nahIM miltii| ___ paurvAtya dArzanikoM ne hI nahIM varan pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne bhI AtmA kI utkarSa-apakarSa avasthA para dhyAna kendrita kiyA hai| pleTo ne jJAna ko dharma aura ajJAna ko adharma mAnA hai| sAtha hI dAvA kiyA hai ki vAstavika jJAnI kabhI adharma nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki dharma hI usakA svarUpa hai| yaha jJAna hI parama Ananda hai| sAMsArika sukhoM meM utkarSApakarSa kA tAratamya hai| unake anusAra iMdriya sukha ke Upara bhAvanA sukha tathA bhAvanA sukha ke Upara buddhi sukha aura buddhi sukha se bhI svAnubhUmita sukha zreSTha hai| ajJAnI jana indriya-sukhoM se AkRSTa hote haiN| ____ 'ripablika' meM pleTo ne kahA hai, "ye loga (viSayasukha ke premI) nire pazuoM ke samAna haiM, inakI dRSTi nIce hai aura zarIra pRthvI para jhaka rahe haiN| ye loga khAte pIte aura muTAte haiM tathA santAnotpatti meM lage rahate haiN| viSayasukhoM meM atyadhika prema ke kAraNa ye mAnava-pazu apane lohe jaise sIMgoM aura khuroM se eka dUsare para prahAra karate haiM aura dulattiyA~ jhAr3ate haiM aura apanI sadA azAnta tRSNA ke kAraNa eka dUsare ke prANa lete rahate haiN|"2 pleTo ke anusAra "isa saMsAra meM duHkhapUrvaka jInevAlA dhArmika vyakti sukhapUrvaka jInevAle adhArmika vyakti se kaI gunA bar3A hai, kyoMki dhArmika vyakti ko Atma saMtoSa rUpI sarvottama sukha prApta hai| apanI AtmA ko becakara sAre vizva ko kharIda lene meM bhI koI lAbha nhiiN|"3 ___ isI dRSTikoNa ko lakSya meM rakhakara pleTo ne jIvAtmA ke tIna rUpa nirdeza kiye haiM - 1. buddhi (cognition) 2. saMkalpa (conation) 3. vednaa| buddhi kA dharma jJAna (wisdom), saMkalpa kA dharma bala (courage) aura vedanA kA dharma saMvedanAtmaka kriyA (appetite) hai| jinameM jJAna kA prAdhAnya hai ve 'saMrakSaka' (guardians), jinameM bala kA prAdhAnya hai ve 'sainika' (soldiers), aura jinameM kriyA kA prAdhAnya hai ve pRthagjana (artisans) kahalAte haiN| 1. pAzcAtya darzana, pR. 36-37 2. vahI, pR. 37 3. vhii| 4. vhii| 5. pAzcAtya darzana, pR. 37.

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(16) pleTo ke vicAra jaina vicAradhArA se atyanta sAmya rakhate haiN| jaina sammata AtmA ke tIna bheda paramAtmA, antarAtmA tathA bahirAtmA ke artha ko hI ye prakaTa karate haiN| sarvajJa tathA sarvadarzI paramAtmA atizaya jJAna ke dhAraka haiN| saMrakSaka ko isa koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| antarAtmA se tAtparya yahA~ AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu se liyA jAtA hai| jo ki jina zAsana ke senAnI haiN| isa prakAra sainika ko antarAtmA ke samakakSa rakhA jA sakatA hai| bahirAtmA kA vibhAva meM pariNamana hone se vaha sAMsArika kriyA-kalApoM meM mazagUla rahatA hai| pRthagjana meM kriyA kA prAdhAnya hone se bahirAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai| dArzanika arastu ne bhI jJAna ke tIna stara svIkAra kiye haiN| prathama hai iMdriyAnubhava jisake dvArA hameM kevala vizeSoM kA pRthak jJAna hotA hai| dvitIya hai padArtha vijJAna jisake dvArA hama vizeSoM meM sAmAnya ko khojate haiM, unake kArya-kAraNa bhAva saMbaMdha ko jAnate haiM aura usa jJAna ko jIvana ke upayoga meM lAte haiN| tRtIya jJAna hai tattvavijJAna yA darzana / yaha sarvottama hai| yaha parama tattva yA parama sAmAnya kA, zuddha sattA kA, sat kA jJAna hai| yaha paramArtha tattva ke zuddha svarUpa kA jJAna hai| yaha tattva kA darzana hai| ___ arastU kA prathama jJAna stara bahirAtma dazA ko lie hue hai| dehAtmasvarUpa meM bahirAtmA kA jJAna nihita hotA hai| jabaki antarAtmA kA puruSArtha zuddhAtmasvarUpa kI zodha meM saMlagna hotA hai| paramAtmA zuddhAtmA, parama tattva hI haiN| jisa prakAra jaina cintakoM ne AtmadazA kA vargIkaraNa kiyA, usI prakAra kA vargIkRta bheda anya darzanoM ne nahIM kiyaa| kintu avikasita rUpa yatkicit dRSTigata avazya hotA hai| kaThopaniSad meM jJAnAtmA, mahadAtmA tathA zAntAtmA rUpa milatA hai| DAyasana ne chAndogyopaniSad ke AdhAra para-zarIrAtmA, jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA, isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai| svAmI rAmadAsa jIvAtmA, zivAtmA, paramAtmA aura nirmalAtmA cAra bheda svIkAra karate haiM, anta meM ve ina cAroM kA hI ekIkaraNa kara dete haiN| prAcInatama aMga Agama AcArAGga meM yadyapi bahirAtmA nAma se abhihita nahIM 1. vahI, pR, 31 2. kaThopaniSad 1.3.13. 3. paramAtma prakAza kI aMgrejI prastAvanA (DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye) pR. 31 tathA hindI rUpAntara (paM. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI) pR. 101

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(17) haiM tathApi bahirAtmA kA svarUpa nirdeza sthala sthala para dRSTigata hotA hai / bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ina tInoM hI prakAra kI AtmAoM ke svarUpalakSaNa kA ullekha sarvatra kiyA gayA hai| bahirAtmA ko bAla, mUDha, maMda, anArya, ajJAnI, kAmakAmI, mahAzraddhI, amuni kahakara sambodhita kiyA hai to antarAtmA ko meghAvI, jJAnI, paMDita, vIra, dhIra, samyaktvadarzI, ananyadarzI, apramatta, Arya, dIrghadarzI, matimaMta, nirgrantha, niSkarmadarzI, maharSi, prajJAmaMta, paramacakSu kahakara sammAnita kiyA hai| paramAtmA ko sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, siddha Adi nAmoM se Alekhita kiyA hai| vastutaH jaina darzana artha pradhAna darzana hai, bhAva pradhAna hai| yahA~ zabda para vizeSa bhAra na dekara artha ko hI pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| arihanta paramAtmA kI dharma-dezanA bhI arthapradhAna hI mAnI gaI hai| dvAdazAGgI ko sUtrabaddha-zabda dene kA AdhAra artha pradhAna upadeza hai| isI prakAra bahirAtmAdi avasthAoM kA ullekha bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se AcArAGga sUtra meM abhihita kiyA hai| inhIM nAmoM ko sUtrakRtAGga meM bhI Alekhita kiyA gayA hai| hAlAMki AcArAGga Adi prAcIna granthoM meM ina trividha AtmAoM kA svarUpa parilakSita huA hai| tathApi isa vargIkaraNa ke vikasita svarUpa kA zreya AcArya kuMdakuMda ko hai| pazcAtvartI AcAryoM ke granthoM meM isakA anukaraNa anulakSita hotA hai| kArtikeya, pUjyapAda, yogIndu, haribhadra, zubhacandra, amRtacandra, guNabhadra, amatigati, devasena, brahmadeva ke granthoM meM ina tInoM hI bheda para samucita prakAza DAlA hai| bahirAtmA jaisA ki isa avasthA kA nAma hI hai AtmanirapekSa bahirmukhI vRtti / ajJAnI jIvanakAla-akAla kI paravAha kiye binA, mAtA-pitA aura patni Adi meM tathA dhana meM gAr3ha Asakti rakhakara rAta dina cintA kI bhaTThI meM jalatA rahatA hai, vizva ko lUTatA hai aura viSayoM meM dattacitta hokara binA vicAre hiMsakavRtti se anekoM duSkarma kara DAlatA hai| ye moha se ghire rahate hai| svarNa, ratna, AbhUSaNa strI Adi prApta karake usameM Asakta ho jAte haiN| yahA~ na tapa hai athavA na iMdriyadamana, 1. paramAtma prakAza kI aMgrejI prastAvanA (DaoN. ena. ena. upAdhye pR. 31 tathA hindI rUpAntara (paM. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI) pa. 101. 2. Avazyaka niyukti, gA. 1921, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 2126. 3. AcArAGga 1.2.2, 1.2.3, sUtra. 1.1.1.6, 1.2.1.20, 1.1.1.10, 1.2.1.6.

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(18) ahiMsAdi vrata phalavAn dekhe jAte haiN| isa prakAra nirA ajJAnI usameM mUr3ha banA huA viparIta pravRtti karatA hai| vaha jarA aura mRtyu meM phaMsA huA, kiMkartavyavimUDha dharma ko nahIM jAnatA hai| vaha AraMbhajIvI ajJAnI viSayAbhilASA meM pIr3ita hokara azaraNa ko zaraNa mAnakara pApakArI sAvadha kAryoM meM ramaNa karatA hai, prasanna hotA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda jo zramaNa Avazyaka se parihIna hai, vacana vilAsa meM lagA rahatA hai, dharma dhyAna nahIM karatA vaha zramaNa bhI mithyAdRSTi arthAt bahirAtmA hai|' bahirAtmA kA svarUpa nirdeza karate punaH kahate haiM "mUDha dRSTi bahirAtmA apane svarUpa se cyuta hotA huA apane zarIra ko AtmA mAnatA hai|'' vaha Atmotpanna jJAna dhyAna rUpI sukhAmRta rasAyaNa ke anubhava kA tyAga karake indriya sukhoM kA anubhava karatA hai| zarIra, strI, putrAdi, rAgadveSa, moha rUpa vibhAva ko Atma svarUpa mAnatA hai| isa prakAra bahirAtmA meM nimnalikhita tattva vidyamAna rahate haiN|01. mithyAtvodaya 2. tIvra kaSAya viSa 3. dehAtma buddhi 4. heyopAdeya vicArazUnya 5. gAr3ha Asakti 1. AcA. 1.1.2.2 sUtra. 1.1.1.14 2. AcAra.1.2.3.,1.4.4, sUtra.1.2.11, 1.2.1.3 3. AcA. 1.3.1 4. AcA. 1.1.5.1, sUtra. 1.1.4.1 rayaNa sAra 135, jJAnasAra, 30. 5. ni. sA. 141, 149-152 6. ni. sA. 150. 7. ni. sA. 141, yogasAra 8. 8. mokSa pAhuDa, 4, 5, 8, 1, 10, 11. 9. rayaNa sAra, 141, yogasAra 8. 10.(ka) vahI, 134, prava. sAra tA. vR. 238, 329 / 12. (kha) adhyAtma kamala mArtaNDa, 12 (ga) samAdhi taMtra, 5 (gha) paramAtma prakAza, 1.13. (ca) yoga sAra, 10 (cha) svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, 193

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(19) bahirAtmA ke dravya saMgraha kI TIkA meM tIna bheda kiye haiM1. tIvra bahirAtmA : mithyAtva guNasthAnavartI AtmA' 2. madhyama bahirAtmA : sAsAdana guNasthAnavartI AtmA 3. maMda bahirAtmA : mizra guNasthAnavartI AtmA antarAtmA-antamurzI Atma sAkSepa jisakI vRtti ho vaha antarAtmA hotA hai| 'vaha saMyamadhanI sAdhaka sarvathA sAvadhAna aura sarva prakAra se samajha yukta hokara akaraNIya pApakarmoM meM yatna nahIM krtaa| vaha jAnatA hai 'jo zabdAdi viSaya haiM, ve saMsAra ke mUla kAraNa haiN| isIlie viSayAbhilASI mahad duHkhoM kA anubhava karatA hai|'2 'isa prakAra saMyama ke lie udyata hokara antarmukhI banakara vaha dhIra puruSa muhUrttamAtra kA bhI pramAda nahIM karatA kyoMki vaya aura yauvana bItatA calA jA rahA hai| vaha AtmAbhimukhI hokara cintana karatA hai ye kAmabhoga duratikramya hai, jIvana bar3hAyA nahIM jA sakatA ataH pramAda na kre| vaha dIrghadarzI saMsAra kI vicitratA jAnatA hai, tInoM lokoM kI dizAoM meM viSayAbhilASI paribhramaNa karatA hai yaha jAnakara, vaha saMsAra ke baMdhanoM se mukta hotA hai| zarIra ke andara aura bAhara asAratA ko dekhakara, vaha mohAbhibhUta nahIM hotaa| vaha tattvajJa aura paramArthadRSTA hai, mokSa ke sivAya anyatra ramaNa nahIM krtaa| vaha samyaktvadarzI saMyama kI ArAdhanA karake AtmA aura zarIra kA bheda vijJAna jAnane kA puruSArtha karate haiN| isa prakAra mamatva buddhi ko tyAganevAlA muni hI mukta, aparigrahI evaM tyAgI kahe gaye haiN| vaha karma svarUpa ko jAnakara rAga aura dveSa se dUra rahane kA upAya karatA hai| samyagdRSTi tattvavettA parama tattva ko jAnakara pApa karma nahIM krtaa| aise divya dRSTivAle sAdhaka ko brahma-zuddhAtmA kI prApti hotI hai| isa prakAra AtmAbhimukhatA kI ora saMlagna haiM ve antarAtmA Atma-saMkalpa meM nirata hai| 1. dravya saMgraha TIkA, gA. 14 / 46 / 2. AcA. 1.1.7.64 3. vahI, 1. 2. 1. 4. vahI, 1. 2. 1, 1. 2. 4. 5. vahI, 1. 2.5. 6. vahIM, 1.2.6, bhagavatI 20, za. 2 udde. 7. vahI, 1. 3. 1, mo. pA.5-9, raya, sA, 141, samAdhitaMtra-5, paramAtma prakAza, 14. 8. AcA. 1.3.2 9. vahI, 1.5.2, ni. sA. 149. 10.mo. pA.5

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(20) antarAtmA ke bheda-AtmaguNa ke vikAsa ke anusAra antarAtmA ke bhI tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM (ka) jaghanya antarAtmA :- avirata samyagdRSTi caturtha guNasthAvartI AtmA jaghanya antarAtmA hai| (kha) madhyama antarAtmA :- dezavirati paMcama guNasthAna se upazAnta moha gyArahaveM guNasthAnavartI AtmA madhyama antarAtmA hai|' (ga) utkRSTa antarAtmA :- kSINa kaSAya nAmaka bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI AtmA utkRSTa antarAtmA hai| nijAnubhUti kA pAna karane vAle antarAtmA meM nimnalikhita guNa hote haiM1. dharma dhyAna kA dhyAtA 2. AtmonmukhI pravRtti 3. zarIra aura AtmA ke bhinnatva kI pratIti 4. Atma niSThA kA pUrNa sadbhAva 5. jinavacanoM kI vijJatA paramAtmA zuddha AtmA hI paramAtmA hai / karmazatru se rahita, rAgadveSa ke vijetA, sarvajJa aura sarvadazI AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| arihanta evaM siddha ye donoM paramAtmA haiN| jIvanmukta arihanta ko tathA videhamukta siddha ko kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra kArya paramAtmA aura kAraNa paramAtmA ye do bheda bhI paramAtmA ke prApta hote haiN| arihanta yA kevalI kAraNa paramAtmA hai| ghAtI catuSka karmoM ke kSaya ke phala svarUpa kaivalya kA prAkaTya jinameM huA hai, ve 'sayogI kevalI' nAmaka terahaveM 1. (ka) kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 197, (kha) niyamasAra tAtparyaTIkA bhA. 149 2. (ka) kA. a. 196, (kha) dravya saMgraha gA. 141, aSTa., 11 3. vahI. 4. (ka) mokSapAhuDa 5, (kha) samAdhitaMtra 5, (ga) paramAtmaprakAza 30-42 5. (kA. a. gA. 192) 6. ni. sA., tAtparya vRtti 6, nayacakra gA. 340.

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- (21) guNasthAnavartI haiN| aghAtI catuSka karmoM kI sattA bhavopagrAhI hone se ve kAraNaparamAtmA haiN| bhavoparAnta ve parama zuddhAvasthA ko varaNa karane vAle haiN| aSTa karmoM kA nAza aura samasta paradravyoM kA tyAga kara kevala jJAnamaya AtmA ko prApta karanA kArya paramAtmA hai| arihanta paramAtmA kAraNa paramAtmA hai tathA siddha paramAtmA kArya paramAtmA hai| sakala evaM vikala, ye do prakAra bhI paramAtmA ke hai| yahA~ kala zabda kA artha zarIra hai, jo zarIra yukta hai ve sakala paramAtmA haiM evaM jo zarIra se viyukta haiM, (azarIrI), aSTa karmoM se mukta siddha paramAtmA vikala paramAtmA haiN| terahaveM sayogI kevalI aura caudahaveM ayogI kevalI guNasthAnavartI AtmA paramAtmA svarUpa hai| AtmA kI ina 3 avasthAoM ko mithyAdarzI, samyagdarzI tathA sarvadarzI bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| prakArAntara se ina avasthAoM ko patita-avasthA, sAdhakAvasthA tathA sAdhyAvasthA yA siddhAvasthA bhI kahA gayA hai| kisI apekSA se naitikatA kI pRSThabhUmi meM inako anaitikatA, naitikatA tathA atinaitikatA nAma bhI diyA jA sakatA hai| samIkSA kI dRSTi se pahalI avasthA durAcArI athavA durAtmA kI hai, dvitIyAvasthA sadAcArI yA mahAtmA kI hai tathA caramAvasthA AdarzAtmA yA muktAtmA, paramAtmA kI hai| paMDitavarya sukhalAlajI ne AdhyAtmika utkrAnti kI avasthAoM meM inako AdhyAtmika avikAsa kI avasthA, AdhyAtmika vikAsAvasthA tathA AdhyAtmika pUrNAvasthA kahA hai| paramAtmA-arihanta, siddha __uparyukta tathyoM se yaha niSkarSa sahaja hI prabhUta ho jAtA hai ki paramAtma svarUpa arihanta tathA siddha haiN| sAMkhya darzana, yogadarzana, nyAya darzana, vedAnta darzana sabhI ne ina avasthAoM ko kisI na kisI rUpa se aMgIkAra kiyA hai| nyAya-vaizeSikasAMkhyayoga-vedAnta isa avasthAoM ko jIvanmukta tathA videhamukta se abhihita kiyA hai| jaina darzana sayogI kevalI-arihanta tathA ayogI kevalI-siddha rUpa se paramAtmA ke do bheda mAnya karatA hai| jo krama se jIvanmukta aura videhamukta hI haiN| 1. ni. sA. tA. vR. 6,7 nayacakra gA. 340, mo. pA.5, pa. pra. 1. 15-25, dra. sa. 14.42.4. 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA gA. 192, 198, ni. sA., 177-178, sa. za. 30-31, pa. pra. 1-33. 3. paMDita sukhalAla 'darzana ane cintana' bhAga-2, pR. 1012.

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(22) antarAtmA : AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu Atma svarUpa meM ramaNa karane vAle, AtmAbhimukha, jJAna darzana cAritra sampanna AtmA antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi antarAtmA meM caturtha guNasthAnavartI AtmA kA samAveza kiyA hai tathApi utkRSTa antarAtmA cAritradhArI ko hI mAnya kiyA hai| jaina darzana bhAva pradhAna darzana hai| samyagdRSTi AtmA bheda vijJAnI hone se vratadhArI hone para bhI ve anAsakta hone se niSkAmakartA kahe gaye hai| AcArAGga meM aneka sthaloM para spaSTa udghoSa kiyA hai "sammatadaMsI na kareI pAvaM" 'samyagdRSTi pApakarma nahIM krtaa|' isase yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki samyagdRSTi-AtmadarzI hai| AtmasApekSa, AtmalakSI pariNati hone se antarAtmA kahA jAtA hai| bhAva cAritra meM ramaNa karane ke kAraNa apekSAbheda se unameM sAdhutva mAnA jA sakatA hai| AcArya, upAdhyAya tathA sAdhu ye antarAtmA kI koTi meM Ate hI haiM, isase itanA to nizcita ho jAtA hai| paramAtmA, antarAtmA : paMcaparameSThI : jaina dharma/darzana inhIM donoM avasthAoM meM nihita AtmAoM ko paMca parameSThI' meM samAviSTa karatA hai| ye paMca-parameSThI arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu haiN| prastuta prabandha kA dhyeya bhI ina 'paMca-parameSThI' kI svarUpa-carcA hai| * * * * * * *

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(23) adhyAya-2 parameSThI pada : aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM parameSThI pada 'paMca parameSThI' jaina dharma kI AdhAra-zilA kahI jAtI hai| yaha 'namaskAra maMtra' kA apara nAma hai| arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu-ye paMca pada parameSThI rUpa se khyAti prApta hai| jaina dharma ke sabhI sampradAya cAhe digambara ho yA zvetAmbara sabhI ne eka svara se isakI mahimA gAI hai| anAdi-nidhana aura zAzvata isa maMtra kA gaurava adyApi akSuNNa aura yathAvat hai| yahA~ zodha kA viSaya yaha hai ki yaha namaskAra mahAmaMtra parameSThI pada para kaba sthApita huA? ye paMca pada parameSThI saMjJA se kaise adhirUDha hue? ___ AgamoM meM namaskAra maMtra ke sthAna para 'paMca maMgala mahAzruta skaMdha' aisA ullekha milatA hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM sarvaprathama isa namaskAra maMtrakA ullekha 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' (bhagavatI sUtra), (vi. 5. 3. 4. zatI), pazcAt mahAnizItha meM kiyA gayA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti meM mAtra maMgala ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| jabaki mahAnizItha sUtra (vi.saM.8-9) meM paMcamaMgala kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatI sUtra ke vRttikAra zrImad abhayadevasUri ne isa para vistRta TIkA kI hai| isa TIkA meM ise paMca parameSThI pada se sthAna-sthAna para sammAnita kiyA hai| mahAnizItha sUtra jo ki AgamAntargata khyAti prApta hai, vahA~ ise 'paMca maMgala mahAzruta skaMdha' se sambodhita kiyA hai| usameM bhI mAtra eka hI sthala hai jahA~ parameSThI zabda prayukta hai| vahA~ ina pA~coM padoM ko parameSThI rUpa prApta nahIM hotA, mAtra arhanta pada ke sAtha hI parameSThI pada prayukta kiyA hai| isase tAtparya yaha nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki yaha parameSThI zabda/pada taba taka rUr3ha yA pracalita na huA ho? athavA 'mahAnizIthakAra' ne 'paMcamaMgala mahAzrutaskaMdha' zabda adhika upayukta samajhA ho kyoMki mahAnizItha sUtra meM upadhAna vidhi ke antargata isakI carcA kI hai| athavA yaha sarva maMgaloM meM pramukha tathA prathama maMgala svarUpa hone se, ho sakatA hai ki ise paMcamaMgalamahAzrutaskaMdha kahA gayA ho| athavA paMcamaMgalamahAzrutaskaMdha zabda parameSThI zabda se adhika mAhAtmya lie hue ho? 1. (mahAnizItha sUtra a. 3 sU. 13.) 2. (vahI a. 3 sU. 14.)

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(24) isase pazcAtvartI granthoM meM granthakAroM ne parameSThI pada kA prayoga pracuratA se kiyA hai| digambara zruta sAhitya meM AcArya kuMdakuMda racita 'mokSa pAhur3a' meM spaSTatayA ullikhita hai ki "arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye pAMca parameSThI hai|" ve AtmA ke viSaya meM ceSTA rUpa haiM, AtmA kI avasthA haiM, isalie nizcaya se mujhe AtmA kA hI zaraNa hai| __zrI kuMdakuMdAcArya (pahalI zatI) ne spaSTatayA ina pA~ca padoM kA parameSThI rUpa se vidhAna kiyA hai| isake atirikta 'svayaMbhU stotra' ke TIkAkAra ne isakI vyAkhyA kI hai, jo parama pada meM sthita hai, vaha parameSThI hai| "bhAva pAhur3a' tathA 'samAdhi zataka' meM varNana hai, 'jo indra, candra, dharaNendra ke dvArA vaMdita aise parama pada meM sthita hai, vaha parameSThI hotA hai| isa prakAra sarvaprathama kuMdakuMdAcArya ke sAhitya meM isakI upalabdhi hai| pazcAtvartI aneka granthoM meM parameSThI zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ___ jaina vAGmaya ke atirikta jainetara sAhitya meM 'parameSThI' zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai yA nahIM? usa para bhI hama dRSTipAta kreN| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM prAcInatA kI apekSA se vedoM kA mahattva sarvAdhika hai| vedoM meM 'parameSThI' pada kA ullekha kahA~ kahA~ kisa sandarbha meM huA hai? usakA Akalana kreNge| vaidika sandarbha meM prayukta parameSThI___ adhyAtma vidyA kA akSaya bhaNDAra hone se hindu saMskRti meM vedoM kA atyadhika mahattva hai| sva-svarUpa ko pahacAnakara parama-padakI sthiti ko kisa prakAra prApta karake jIvana saphala banAyA jAya? vaha vedoM meM sundara rIti se pratipAdana kiyA hai| atharvaveda ke antargata 'dharmapracAra' sakta meM parameSThI pada kA nirdeza hai ki 'he parameSThI (zreSTha sthAna meM rahane vAle) jJAna ko prApta karane vAle agne tU tole hue ghI Adi kA bhojana kara aura duSToM ko vilApa kraa| yahA~ sAyaNAcArya 'parameSThI' kI vyAkhyA karate haiM-'utkRSTa sthAne tiSThatIti prmesstthii| svargAdyutkRSTa sthAna nivaasin| tiSThate auNAdikaH kini prtyyH| sAyaNAcArya kA abhiprAya hai ki jo svargAdika utkRSTa sthAna meM sthita hai, vaha parameSThI hai| sAtavalekara isakI vyAkhyA anya rIti se karate haiM- 'parama pade sthAtA' iti prmesstthii| parama zreSTha avasthA meM rahane vAle, zarIra ko vaza meM rakhane vAle, jJAnI dhrmopdeshk| 1. mokSa pAhaDa. gA.104. 2. sva. stotra. TI. 31 3. bhA. pA. TI. 121 4. atharva. 1.7.2. 5. atharva. sAyaNa bhASya 1.7.2.6. 6. atharva, sAta. bhASya. 1.7.2.

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(25) vAstava meM yaha sUkta agni sUkta hai| isa sUkta meM agni pada se kisakA grahaNa karanA cAhie? isakA nizcaya karAne vAle ye zabda isa sUkta meM haiM- jAtadevaH parameSThin, tanUvazin, nRcakSaH, vanditaH, itaH, devaH, agni| isameM parameSThI pada kA khulAsA karate haiM, 'parama pada meM Thaharane vAlA arthAt samAdhi kI antima avasthA ko jo prApta haiM, AtmAnubhava jisane prApta kiyA hai, turya-caturtha avasthA kA anubhava karane vaalaa| isa prakAra yahA~ agni ke guNa dharma batAye haiN| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki yahA~ agni se tAtparya dharmopadezaka paMDita hai| AcArya sAMkalezvara ne parameSThI pada ko 'parama zreSTha sthAna meM rahane vAlA agni' batAyA hai| uparyukta kathana se spaSTa hai ki jo parama-pada meM sthita hai, use parameSThI kahA hai| jo parama pada meM sthita hotA hai, svAbhAvika hai vaha pUjya, AdaraNIya, vaMdanIya hotA hI hai| caturtha kAMDa meM parameSThI pada ko prajApati artha meM samAhita karate hue kathana hai ki indra hI agni, parameSThI, prajApati aura virAT hai| vaha saba manuSyoM aura prANiyoM meM vyAsa hai, vahI sarvajJa hai aura vahI sabako bala detA hai| sAyaNAcArya isakA vizleSaNa karate haiM ki 'parameSThI parame satyaloke sthitaH prajApatiH virATa", arthAt jo parama satya loka meM sthita prajApati virAT hai, vahI parameSThI hai| AcArya sAtavalekara kA kathana hai ki 'prabhu hI apane rUpa se agni banA hai| parameSThI (paramAtmA) prajApati (prajA kA pAlana karane vAlA) Izvara hai| saba vizva ko uThAne ke kAraNa virAT huA hai| vahI saba naroM meM vyApatA hai| vahI Agna Adi meM phailA hai| vahI ratha khIMcane vAle prANiyoM meM phailA hai| vahI dRr3ha karatA hai aura vahI dhAraNa karatA hai| __ AcArya sAMkalezvara ne prajApati aura parameSThI se dhAraNa karane vAlA indra svIkAra kiyA hai|' 1. atharva. sAta. bhASTa. 1.7. 2. 2. vahI 3. atharvaveda saMhitA vidhi bhASA bhASya 1.7. 2. 4. atharva. 4. 11.7. 5. atharva. sAyaNa, bhASya. 4. 11.7. 6. atharva, sAtavale, bhA. 4. 11.7. 7. atharva. vi. bhASA. bhA. 4.11.7.

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(26) aSTama kANDa meM atharvaveda meM ullekha hai-'deva, indra, viSNu, savitA, ruda. prajApati, parameSThI, virATa. vaizvAnara vagairaha sabhI RSiyoM ne Akara puruSa ke hAtha meM maNi aura kavaca ke jaisA bAMdhA' / yahA~ parameSThI se tAtparya kisI devatA vizeSa se hai| kyoMki indra, viSNu, savitA, rudra, agni, prajApati, parameSThI, virAT aura vaizvAnara Adi devatAoM ke sAtha parameSThI ko bhI devatA kahA gayA hai| yahA~ kahIM kahIM prajApati mAtra ko parameSThI kahA gayA hai to kahIM para parameSThI va prajApati donoM kA svatantra rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| navama kANDa meM gAya ke svarUpa varNana meM prajApati-parameSThI svatantra devatA kahe gaye haiN| __ dazama kANDa meM parameSThI ko paramAtma svarUpa mAnya kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM paramAtma svarUpa parameSThI kaise prApta kiyA jAya? isakI carcA karate kahA hai, "yaha puruSa zrotriya guru ko, parameSThI parama guru ko kisakI preraNA se prApta karatA hai? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate haiM ki brahma (maMtra) se zrotriya guru ko aura brahma se parameSThI ko prApta karatA hai| yahA~ brahma se tAtparya hai jJAna / arthAt jJAna se hI paramAtmA parameSThI kA jJAna hotA hai| sAtavalekarAcArya ne parameSThI zabda kI vyAkhyA gahana evaM sundara rIti se kI hai, "parameSThI" zabda kA artha hai"'parama sthAna meM rahane vAlA aatmaa|' pare se pare jo sthAna hai, usameM jo rahatA hai, vaha parameSThI paramAtmA hai| (1) sthUla (2) sUkSma (3) kAraNa (4) mahAkAraNa, inase vaha pare hai, isalie usako parameSThI kiMvA "para-tame-SThI" paramAtmA kahate haiN| isakA patA jJAna se hI calatA hai| sabase pahile apane jJAna se sadguru ko prApta karatA hai tatpazcAt usa sadguru se divyajJAna prApta karake parameSThI paramAtmA ko jAnanA hotA hai| paramAtmA-svarUpa meM yahA~ parameSThI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, yaha pratIti hotI hai| isI tathya ko aura adhika spaSTa karate haiM ki 'jo puruSa brahma ko jAnatA hai, vaha parameSThI ko jAnatA hai| jo parameSThI ko jAnatA hai, vaha prajApati ko jAnatA hai| yahA~ parameSThI se tAtparya brahma se pare liyA hai| brahma se uccAvasthA parameSThI paramAtmA kI hai| isI saMdarbha meM sAtavalekarAcArya kA kathana hai ki 'jo puruSa manuSya ke aMdara brahma ko jAnate haiM, ve hI parameSThI paramAtmA ko jAnate haiN|' yahA~ 1. (ka) 9.3.11 (kha) atharva. 8. 5. 10. 2. atharva. 10. 3. 24. 11. 5.7. 3. atharva. 10. 2. 20-21 4. atharva, sAtavalekara bhA. 10. 2. 20-21. 5. 1. atharva. 10.7.17. 2. atharva. 105.42. 6. atharva. sAtavalekara bhA. 10.7.17.

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(27) . vyakti, samaSTi aura parameSThI kA bheda dekhanA caahie| vyaSTi eka vyakti hai| samaSTi vyakti samUha kA nAma hai aura parameSThI sthira cara vizva sampUrNanAma hai| prastuta kANDa meM manuSya vizva vyApaka parameSThI ko kisa prakAra jAna sakatA hai ? isakA ullekha karate hue brahma sAkSAtkAra kI sAdhanA kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| gyArahaveM kANDa meM bhI parameSThI se abhiprAya paramezvara paramAtmA kA hI hai| bArahaveM kANDa meM prajApati ko parameSThI kahakara sAtavalekarAcArya parameSThI kI vyutpatti karate haiM-'parame-sthi''parama ucca sthAna meM sthit'| parameSThI pada kI prApti ke lie dAna denA, satya aura tapa Adi dharma-karma jo kiye jAte haiM, mukhyataH parameSThI pada kI prApti ke lie kiye jAte haiM, aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| terahaveM kANDa meM parameSThI se abhiprAya paramAtmA kA evaM vAcaspati kA hai to paMcadaza kANDa meM parameSThI ko punaH svatantra devatA kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 'atharvaveda meM paramAtmA, paramezvara, brahma-jJAna, prajApati, brahmA' vAcaspati arthoM meM parameSThI pada prayukta huA hai| sAyaNAcArya kI apekSA sAtavalekarAcArya ne parameSThI kA hArda gUr3hatama-sundara rIti se kholA hai| sAmaveda meM mAtra eka hI sthala hai, jahA~ para parameSThI pada kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ parameSThI prajApati artha meM hI prayukta huA hai| ___ atharvaveda, sAmaveda ke atirikta yajurveda meM parameSThI-pada kA ullekha anekazaH kiyA gayA hai| isameM adhikAMza rUpa se parameSThI pada prajApati ke lie prayukta kiyA hai| prajApati ke atirikta brahma artha bhI parameSThI kA kiyA gayA hai| ___ atharvaveda meM brahmA, prajApati, paramAtmA-paramezvara, agni, dharmopadezaka, jJAnI Adi arthoM meM parameSThI pada grAhya hai, jabaki yajurveda tathA sAmaveda meM 'prajApati' artha iSTa hai| artha jo bhI ho, sabhI meM parama-pada-prApta arthAt jo parama pada meM sthita hai, pUjanIya hai, vaMdanIya hai, AdaraNIya hai, AcaraNIya hai, usI para parameSThI pada kI zraddhA kendrita huI hai| vedoM ke pazcAta hama upaniSad-sAhitya meM parameSThI pada kA nirUpaNa kreNge| 1. atharva. 11.7.7.. 2. atharva. 12. 3. 45. 3. atharva. sAtavalekara. bhA. 12. 3. 45. 4. 1. atharva. 13. 1. 2,atharva. 13. 3. 5. atharva. 13. 1. 17-19. 5. atharva. 1. 15.7. 2. 2. atharva. 15.6.25-26. 6. yaju. tai. sa. 1.6.9.2, zukla yaju 5. 54.14.9, 14.31, 15.58

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(28) upaniSad meM prayukta parameSThI pada vaidika sAhitya meM upaniSadoM ko vedAnta kahA jAtA hai| adhyAtma kI parAkASThA kI tulA para ise tolA gayA hai| yadyapi upaniSadoM kI saMkhyA bahuta hai, tathApi yahA~ para apekSita upaniSadoM mAtra kA kathana kiyA hai| jahA~ jahA~ para 'parameSThI' pada kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usa para hama dRSTipAta kreNge| prAcInatA kI dRSTi se bRhadAraNkopaniSad vizAla evaM prAcIna hai| isameM 'parameSThI' pada kA nirdeza do sthaloM para eka samAna kiyA hai, "parameSThinaH parameSThI brahmaNo brahma svayaMbhu brahmaNe namaH" yahA~ brahma ko parameSThI pada se alaMkRta karake namaskAra kiyA hai| ___nArada parivrAjakopaniSad meM nArada zaMkA samAdhAna hetu pitAmaha brahmA ke pAsa jAte haiN| pitAmaha brahmA samAdhAna karate hue parivrAjya svarUpakrama ko nArada se kahate haiM aisA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ isa upaniSad meM brahmA ko parameSThI-pada para adhyArUr3ha kiyA hai| kaivalyopaniSad meM bhI brahmA ko parameSThI artha paraka lete hue kathana kiyA hai ki, 'azvalAyana RSi bhagavan parameSThI brahmA ke pAsa Akara kahane lge| jahA~ ina upaniSadoM meM parameSThI saMjJA se brahmA artha liyA hai, vahA~ anya sthala para viSNu artha ghaTana bhI kiyA hai| mahopaniSad meM viSNu artha kA ullekha kiyA gayA brahmA-viSNu ke sAtha-sAtha prajApati ko parameSThI-saMjJA se bhI abhihita kiyA hai| avyaktopaniSad tathA jaiminIya upaniSad meM parameSThI-prajApati ko kahA gayA hai| __ brahmA, viSNu tathA prajApati ina tInoM ko parameSThI pada meM ghaTita karane kA hetu yahI ho sakatA hai ki ye deva-tattva meM adhiSThita haiN| deva-tattva meM pratiSThita hone se inakI parama pada meM sthiti honI bhI Avazyaka hai| jo parama pada meM sthita hai, paramAtmA svarUpa hai| svAbhAvika hai ki parama-uccAvasthA ko prApta, parama-pada meM sthita hogA hii| 1. bRhadAraNyaka u. 4.6.3, 2.6.3. 2. nArada pari. u. 2.8.1. 3. kaivalyopaniSad -1.1. 4. 1. avyaktopaniSad 2. jaiminIya upaniSad 3.7. 3. 2, 3. 7. 3. 3.

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(29) vASkalamantropaniSad meM sarvatra Atma sthiti kA kathana karate hue AtmA kI vyApakatA kA svarUpa-nirdeza ke sandarbha meM parameSThI kaha kara bhI sambodhita kiyA yahA~ draSTavya hai ki namaskAra-maMtra meM paMca parameSThI pada haiM, jo ki deva aura guru tattva meM samAhita hai| upaniSadoM meM deva tattva ke rUpa meM brahmA-viSNu aura prajApati ko to sthAna milA hI hai sAtha hI Atma-vyApakatA kI sthiti meM bhI parameSThI saMjJA dI gaI hai| namaskAra maMtra meM-Atma-paramAtma donoM padoM meM AtmA ke utkarSa ko paramasthiti kI prApti ke sAtha kathana kiyA hai| AtmA kI vyApakatA to samAna rUpa se lakSita hotI hI hai| isa prakAra hameM vidita hotA hai ki parameSThI pada se uccatama sthAna-nivAsI saMjJA jaina tathA upaniSadoM meM samAna rUpa se prApta hai| yadyapi devatva ke svarUpa meM bhinnatA hai tathApi deva svarUpa se parameSThI-pada kA kathana to kiyA hI gayA hai| purANa Adi sAhitya meM parameSThI. paurANika sAhitya meM viSNu artha meM, mahAdeva artha meM 'mahAbhArata meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| brahma purANa' meM zAlagrAma vizeSa artha meM, parameSThI pada prayukta hai|' 'purANa saMgraha' meM bhI isI ke samAna prayoga kiyA hai| vaizvAnara saMhitA' meM bhI isakI puSTi kI gaI hai| isake atirikta bhAgavata purANa' meM brahmA artha meM evaM viSNu artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM brahmA artha meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| amara koza meM brahmA tathA manusmRti meM viSNu artha prayukta hai| uparokta sabhI sandarbho meM parameSThI pada deva artha ko lie hue hai| pitAmaha brahmA, prajApati, viSNu, mahAdeva, zAlagrAmavizeSa Adi arthoM meM parameSThI zabda kA 1. bASkalamantropaniSad 25 2. mahAbhArata 13. 149. 58. 3. vahI. 3. 37. 58 4. brahma purANa-parameSThI ca zuklAbha padmacakra smnvitH| zabdakalpadruma, pR.52. 5. purANa saMgraha-vahI samAnarUpa se prathama paMkti za. ka. 552. 6. vaizvAnara saMhitA-isI ke samAna prathama paMkti- za. ka. 52. 7. bhAgavata purANa 2. 1. 30, 2. 22., 3. 6, 2. 3. 6. 8. vahI 2. 1. 30, 2. 2. 22. 9. zatapatha brAhmaNa 11. 1.6. 10.amarakoza 1. 1. 16. 11. manu smRti 1.80.

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(30) prayoga milatA hai| deva artha ke sAtha guru artha meM bhI parameSThI zabda kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai| bRhannIla tantra' meM parameSThI zabda guru artha ko lie hue hai| mahAbhArata meM ajamIr3aputra ke lie bhI parameSThI pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| mArakaNDeya purANa meM to jo paramasthAna meM sthita hai, usake lie parameSThI kA ullekha hai| tANDyabrAhmaNa meM bhI prajApati rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai| ukta sabhI sandarbho se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vaidika sAhitya meM 'parameSThI' pada ko parama-uccAvasthA meM saMprApta Atma tattva svIkAra kiyA hai| deva tattva tathA guru tattva donoM ke lie parameSThI pada sabhI ne ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina tathA jainetara donoM meM ise sthAna diyA gayA hai| zramaNa paramparA aba yaha prazna hamAre sAmane ubharatA hai ki jaina dharma meM parameSThI pada ko jitanI khyAti prApta hai, utanI anya darzanoM meM nhiiN| yahA~ taka ki jaina dharma meM paMca parameSThI pada hI ArAdhanA-sAdhanA kA kendra bindu hai| parantu pracalita AgamoM meM isakA ullekha nahIMvat hai| taba isakA pracalita rUpa kaise praveza kara gyaa| vedoM meM jabaki anekazaH isakA prayoga hone para bhI yahA~ isa pada kA pracalana dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| prAcInatA kI apekSA se vedoM ko upalabdha jaina AgamoM se adhika vidvadgaNoM ne mAnya kiyA hai| veda, upaniSad, brAhmaNa, purANa Adi meM bhI isakA prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai| taba kyA yaha mAnya kiyA jAya ki vedoM se yaha pada AgamoM meM prayukta huA? athavA vedoM kA prabhAva AgamoM para par3A? bauddha darzana aura jaina darzana donoM hI samakAlIna mAnya kiye gaye haiN| bauddha tripiTakoM meM bhI isa pada kA prayoga dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| Agama aura tripiTaka donoM meM parameSThI pada na hone se zaMkA honA svAbhAvika hai, kyA usa kAla-usa samaya meM isa zabda kA pracalana nahIM thA? jaina AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha karane kA zreya devarddhi gaNi kSamAzramaNa ko hai| Agama jJAna usase pUrva paramparA se maukhika hI hotA thaa| guru se apane ziSya ko zruta paramparA se prApta hotA thaa| Adhunika vidvAna yaha mAnya karate haiM ki guru-ziSya 1. bRhannIla tantra 2. paTala 2. mahAbhArata 1. 94. 31. 3. mArakaNDeya purANa 76. 2. 4. tANDaya brAhmaNa 19. 14. 3.

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(31) paramparA se prApta zruta meM kucha skhalanA bhI hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| ataH skhalanA bhI isameM kAraNa ho sakatA hai| __ vedoM ko yadi AgamoM se prAcIna mAnA bhI jAya taba bhI yaha prazna uThatA hai ki vartamAna AgamoM meM dvAdazAGgI hI dRSTigata hotA hai| dvAdazAGgI meM bhI bArahavA~ aMga 'dRSTivAda' kA viccheda ho jAne se Aja mAtra ekAdaza aMga hI upalabdha hai| AgamoM meM dvAdazAGgI ke atirikta caturdaza-pUrva kA bhI samAveza hotA hai| caudaha pUrva bhI kAla ke prabhAva se vicchinna ho jAne se upalabdha nahIM hai| Agamazruta Aja apUrNa hone se yaha bhI kahA nahIM jA sakatA ki yaha parameSThI pada vedoM se uddhRta hai yA vedoM kI chApa AgamoM para hai| . jo bhI ho Aja jitanA pracalana parameSThI pada kA jaina dharma meM hai, utanA anya dharmoM meM nhiiN| jainetara sAhitya meM aneka bAra ullekha hone para bhI vahA~ isakA pracalana adhika nahIM hai| 'paMca parameSThI' nAma se mAtra jaina dharma ko hI iMgita kiyA jAtA hai| pracalana ho yA na ho parameSThI se tAtparya sarvatra parama pada meM sthita AtmA kA, ucca-avasthA prApta deva-guru tattva kA hI liyA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM parameSThI pada ke antargata pA~ca padoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isakI ArAdhanA/sAdhanA paMca parameSThI maMtra (namaskAra mahAmaMtra) dvArA kI jAtI hai| Agama sAhitya meM matabheda hone para bhI 'namaskAra mahAmaMtra' kA mAhAtmya sabhI jaina sampradAyoM meM ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai|

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(32) adhyAya-3 prathamapada arhat parameSThI : avadhAraNA (1) 1. arhat kI aitihAsikatA(ka) hindu, jaina, bauddha paramparA ke pariprekSya meM (kha) jaina Agamika sAhitya meM 1. aMga AgamoM meM 2. aMgabAhya AgamoM meM (ga) Agametara sAhitya meM (2) arhat kA vyutpatti-niyukti paraka artha evaM paryAya (3) kevalI ke prakAra1. arhat 2. sAmAnyakevalI 4. arhat kI alaukikatA, anupamatA, adbhutatA advitIyatA evaM zreSThatA(a) siddhApekSA prAthamikatA (ba) paMca kalyANaka (ka) atizaya-vacanAtizaya (da) nirdoSa vyaktitva (5) arhat pada kI yogyatA-hetu1. 'savi jIva karUM zAsana rasI' yukta bhAvanA 2. bIsa sthAnaka kI ArAdhanA (6) loka maMgalakI udAtta bhAvanA 1. manobhAvanA dvArA vyaktitva rUpAntaraNa 2. dharma saMsthApanA 'paritrANAya sAdhUnAM vinAzAya ca duSkRtAm' ke sthAna para ahiMsAdi paMca mahAvratoM ke pAlana dvArA hiMsAdi duSTatA kA nAza, lokakalyANa evaM vizva maitrI. 3.'bhUbhAra-haraNa' nahIM apitu Atma svarAjya prApti hetu muktivaraNa (7) itara darzanoM meM arhat viSayaka avadhAraNA(ka) mImAMsA sammata sarvajJa kA abhAva aura arhat (kha) hindu paramparAgata avatAravAda aura arhat (ga) bauddha paramparA meM arhat evaM bodhisattva (gha) nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga darzanoM ke Izvara evaM jIvanmukta (8) arhat kI avadhAraNA kA dArzanika avadAna . (9) avatAra, arhat, buddha, Izvara, jIvanmukta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana

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(33) (1) arhat kI aitihAsikatA (ka) hindU, jaina, bauddha, paramparA ke pariprekSya meM pratyeka dharma evaM darzana kA udbhava kisI mahAn vyaktitva para nirbhara karatA hai| usI ke anusAra pratyeka dharma meM AsthA ke AyAma svarUpa, upAsya rUpa tathA Adarza ke rUpa meM kisI na kisI mahAn vyaktitva ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| aise mahanIya vyaktitva ko hindu paramparA IzvarAvatAra, bauddha paramparA buddha tathA jaina paramparA arhat ko mAnya karatI hai| gaMgA, yamunA aura sarasvatI ke sadRza prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti sannihita bhAratIya dharmoM kI isa triveNI ke upAsya rUpa svIkRta arhat, buddha aura IzvararAvatAra kA digdarzana hama Agama granthoM ke mAdhyama se kreNge| yadyapi brahmaNa evaM zramaNa paramparA ke upAsya kI saMjJA, paryAyabhinnatva para AdhArita hai, tathApi yahA~ hama sarvaprathama yaha zodha kareMge ki paMcaparameSThI meM samAviSTa prathama parameSThI arhat abhidhAna kA vedoM meM, tripiTakoM meM tathA jainAgamoM meM kyA svarUpa hai? zramaNa paramparA meM Aja do dhArAe~ vikAsonmukha hai 1. jaina paramparA 2. bauddha paramparA / jaina paramparA meM sarvAdhika mahattA arhat pada kI hai hI, kintu bauddha paramparA meM bhI buddha ko arhat pada se samalaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki zramaNa paramparA ke vartamAna zAsanapati mahAvIra evaM buddha samakAlIna the| ataH svAbhAvika hai ki usa samaya ke pariveza ne eka dUsare ko prabhAvita kiyA ho| athavA usa samaya ye zabda hI pracalana meM rahe ho| cUMki arhat se tAtparya pUjanIya, prazaMsanIya bhI hai, ataH tatparaka arthAnusAra bhI arhat pada prayukta kiyA gayA ho| vedoM meM arhat pada prayukti hindu paramparA kA mUla utsa vedoM para AdhArita haiN| kyA vedoM meM arhat pada prayukta hai? yadi inameM arhat kA ullekha hai to kisa artha meM hai? kisa rUpa meM hai? usakA hama avalokana kreNge| veda catuSka meM se prAcInatama Rgveda ko mAnya kiyA jAtA hai| (I.pU. 10001200) / Rgveda meM bahudevavAda pradhAna hone se usameM aneka devatAoM ke sAtha arhat pada prayoga kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda ke prathama maNDala meM agni ke lie prayukta arhat pada kI stuti hai__ hama pUjanIya aura sarvabhUtajJa agni kI ratha kI taraha buddhi dvArA isa stuti ko prastuta karate haiN| 1. RgvedaH 1. 94. 1.

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(34) Rgveda meM arhat arhan tathA arhanta ina tIna paryAyoM ke sAtha isa pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| pUjanIya, prazaMsya tathA yogya arthaka yaha arhad pada yahA~ asAdhAraNa arthaghaTanA se saMyukta huA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki Rgveda meM bhI jo asAdhAraNa vyaktitva se yukta evaM sarvAdhika pUjanIya, prazaMsanIya evaM yogya ho use hI arhat pada se yukta kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda kI bhAMti atharvaveda meM bhI agni devatA ko arhat kahA gayA hai| bhASya meM sAyaNAcArya ne atizayena hArda kholate hue ullekha kiyA hai-arhate pUjyAya arha puujaayaam| arhaH prshNsaayaam| (pA. 3.2.133) iti laTaH shtraadeshH| isa prakAra vedoM ke adhyayana se vidita hotA hai ki Aja jo sarvAdhika pracalita evaM rUDha zabda jaina dharma meM arhat hai, usakI upalabdhi mAtra jainAgamoM evaM bauddha tripiTakoM meM hI nahIM vedoM meM bhI hotI hai| Azcarya to isa bAta kA hai ki arhat kI avadhAraNA sarvatra jo atizaya, sarvAdhika, pUjanIya hai, unako hI isa arhat pada se samalaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| vaise dekhA jAye to jagat meM pUjAyogya aneka vyakti hote haiM, yathA :- mAtA, pitA, guru, AcArya bujurga aadi| ye sabhI Adara-pUjA ke yogya hote haiM, kintu inako arhat nahIM kahA jaataa| yahA~ taka ki saMta-mahaMta Adi aneka AdhyAtmika kakSA meM praviSTha mahApuruSoM ko bhI arhata nahIM kahA jaataa| mAtra arhat usa sarvocca sattA ko kahA gayA hai, jisake Age anya koI pUjanIya sthAna nahIM hai| jaina aura bauddha donoM dharmoM meM to isa sarvocca sattA ko mAnya karake arhat-tIrthaGkara aura buddha ko kahA hI jAtA hai, kintu yahA~ vedoM meM bhI yahI svarUpa upalabdha huA hai| maharSi, saMta Adi ko nahIM, varan agni, indra, rUdra Adi sarvocca stara para adhiSThita devAtAoM ko arhat vizeSaNa se vibhUSita kiyA hai| upalabdha Agama evaM tripiTakoM se prAcIna Rgveda mAnya kiyA gayA hai, ataH itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki arhat kI avadhAraNA kA sUtrapAt vedoM ke samaya meM to thA hii| usase pUrva arhat kI avadhAraNA kA srota Aja upalabdha nahIM ho paataa| ___ vedoM se paravartI sAhitya maharSi pANinI (I. pU. 5 vIM zati) ke vyAkaraNa grantha meM arhat kI vyutpatti kisa dhAtu se huI hai, usakA ullekha hai-arha dhAtu pUjA evaM 1. arthavaveda zaoN. zau. 20.13.3 2. vahI

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(35) prazaMsA arthaghaTanA se saMyukta hai| sAyaNAcArya ne isake hArda ko kholate hue kahA ki, prakRSTa pUjA ke yogya artha meM prayukta arhat pada hai| (I. pU. rasarI. zatI.) ___ isase paravartI brAhmaNa, AraNyaka, saMhitA, upaniSad, Adi vaidika granthoM meM bhI arhan, arhat tathA arhanta ye tIna rUpa upalabdha hote haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa', aitereya brAhmaNa, gopatha bAhmaNa, taittirIya, zAMkhAyana', Adi brAhmaNa granthoM meM vedoM ke anusAra hI pUjArthaka tathA prazaMsya artha meM prayoga huA hai| isake atirikta aitereya AraNyaka, taittirIya AraNyaka' meM bhI yahI svarUpa vikAsa patha para ArUDha huA hai| yahA~ bhI agni, rUdra, indra Adi devatAoM ke vizeSaNa rUpa meM tathA pUjA, prazaMsA, yogya adhikArI, samartha Adi arthoM meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hameM jJAta hotAhai ki vaidika sAhitya meM isakA jo svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai, vaha adyApi vidyamAna hai| vedAMga mAnya upaniSad meM mAtra pAramAtmikopaniSad meM arhat pada kA ullekha samartha artha ko lekara kiyA gayA hai| pazcAtvartI sAhitya meM bhI isa pada kA prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai| vAcaspatyam zabdakoSa meM isake aneka artha upalabdha hote hai- 1. pUjAstutyAdibhirArAdhye 2. Izvara 3. zakra 4. pUjanIya 5. viSNu 6. pUjA 7. yogya 8. gati 9. yogyatA tathA 10. muuly| manusmRti, raghuvaMza gItA Adi paravartI sAhitya meM bhI isakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra brAhmaNa paramparA meM arhat pada ke praryApta uddharaNa hameM prApta hote haiN| bauddha dharma meM arhat nivRttimUlaka zramaNa saMskRti kI pravAhita dhArA meM bauddha paramparA apane upAsya ke rUpa meM buddha ko paramAdarza mAnakara gatimAna huI hai| isa paramparA meM arhat kA 1. zatapatha brAhmaNaH 3.4.1.0, 3.4.1.6., 3.4.1.3. 2. aitareya brA. 6.12. 3. gopatha brA. 2.2.22. 4. taittiriya brA. 2.8.6.9 5. zAMkhAyana brA. 8.4, 27.4 6. aitareya AraNyaka 1.5.3. 7. taittirIya Ara 4.5.7. 8. pAramAtmika upaniSad 2.6 9. vAcaspatyam pR. 381-382

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(36) kyA sthAna hai? usa kA bhI hama avalokana kreNge| vicchinna dharma ke pravartana hetu gautama buddha tathA varddhamAna mahAvIra ne isa Dora ko sAdhA, aisA inake anuyAyiyoM kA mantavya hai| kyoMki arhat tathA buddha kA janma samaya-samaya para dharmapravartana hetu hotA AyA hai| isa prakAra isake marma ko udghATita karate hue sAratthadIpanI TIkA meM ullekha hai ki-jo samasta parijJAtaskaMdha haiM, prahINakleza bhAvitamArga, svastikata nirodhavAn, kSINAsrava haiN| ve anuttara yogakSema ko vahana karate vicarate haiM, ve parisuddhaprayogavAn, kalyANazuddhAzayA, zraddhA, zIla, zrutAdiguNa sampanna haiM ve arhat haiN| isI prakAra jisakA saMsAra meM janma-maraNa rUpa gamana bhI samApta ho cukA vaha arhat haiN|' arahaMta paramAtmA ke sadRza isa loka meM anya koI nahIM hai| ataH ve prazaMsA yogya haiN| yahA~ arhat kI asAdhAraNatA vyakta kI gaI hai| unakI AdhyAtmika kakSA kI pahu~ca sAdhAraNa logoM ke bUte kI bAta nhiiN| kyoMki jo vItarAga haiM, ve vana ko bhI ramaNIya banAne kA sAmarthya rakhate haiM, sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se yahA~ arhata kA svarUpa, lakSaNa, pariNAma usa kAla ke pariveza Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jo ki jaina sammata arhat se atyadhika sAmya rakhatA hai| ___ bauddha darzana ke sutta nipAtta, saMyukta nikAya, khuddaka nikAya mahAparinibbAna sutta, majjhima nikAya, vizuddhimArga, buddhacaryA, abhidharmakoza, Adi dharmagranthoM meM arhat, viSayaka prarUpaNA para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| parantu itanA to avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisakI vAsanAe~ kSINa ho gaI hai, kSINAsrava hai, vItarAga, vItadveSa, vItatRSI hai, nirAsakta, nirAkuta hai vahI isa arhattva kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| vedoM meM arhan, arhanta Adi saMjJAe~ agni, indra Adi devatAoM ko dI gaI hai, vaha kisI vyaktitva paraka na hokara vyaktiniSTha na hokara AdhyAtmika kakSA ke uccattama stara ko prApta devatAoM ke lie prayukta hai, jo ki pUjanIya artha paraka hai| kintu isa zramaNa paramparA meM yaha abhidhAna arthaparaka hone ke sAtha AdhyAtmika uccattama avasthA ko prApta, vyaktitva paraka ho gayA hai| uparyukta uddharaNoM se arhat parameSThI gata vizeSaNa va vivecana se hameM jaina 1. vinayaTThakathI-sAratyadIpinI TIkA-1-170 2. vahI 1-171 3. vahI 171

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(37) darzana va bauddha darzana meM atyanta sAmyatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| yahA~ jina jina guNoM kA samAveza buddha-arhat meM kiyA hai, ve sabhI tIrthaGkara arhat meM samAnarUpa se upalabdha hote hai| isa sAmyatA kA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki varddhamAna mahAvIra tathA tathAgata gautama buddha donoM samakAlIna the| usa samaya kI saMskRti va dharma kI paraspara eka dUsare para chApa par3anA saMbhava hai| jaina sammata arhat arhat viSayaka prarUpaNA Aja jo jaina paramparA meM pracalita hai, saMbhavataH anya paramparAoM meM itanI vikasita nhiiN| yadyapi 'arhat' zabda deha ko sabhI paramparAoM ne AtmasAta kiyA hai, isake bAvajUda bhI jaina sammata mAnyatA sabhI meM pradhAna rahI haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki brAhmaNa paramparA meM Izvara, avatArI puruSa tathA aneka devatAoM kI pradhAnatA ho gii| zramaNa paramparA meM bauddha sampradAya ne prathamataH buddha tathA usakI pazcAdavartI zAkhAoM meM bodhisattva ko pramukhatA dii| islAma dharma meM paigambara, pArasI dharma meM devadUta jarathustra, yahUdIdharma meM paramezvara yAhaveha tathA unake pratinidhi mojeja Adi, IsAI dharma meM prabhu IsA masIha mAnya kiye gye| kintu jaina paramparA adyApi apanA paramArAdhya arhat ko svIkAra karatI hai| yahA~ taka ki nitya smaraNIya namaskAra mahAmaMtra meM bhI prathama namaskAra arhat ko hI kiyA gayA hai| ___ jaina paramparA arhat svarUpa sthiti meM kisI Izvara yA kisI devatA vizeSa ko prasthApita nahIM karatI, varan mAnava mAtra ko hI nahIM, prANI mAtra ko, pratyeka jIvAtmA ko isa pada para ArUDha hone kA adhikAra pradAna karatI hai| pratyeka AtmA apanI AdhyAtmika pRSThabhUmi meM sAdhanA dvArA, isa pada kI pratiSThA prApta kara sakatI hai| yaha pada vyaktiniSTha na hokara vyakti kI guNavattA para AdhArita hai| nAma, jAti, liMga, se pare sampradAyAtIta hai| avatArI puruSa kI bhAMti arhat punaH punaH avatarita nahIM hote kintu apane guNa prakarSa se samAja meM phailI hiMsA ke tANDava ke samakSa utkrAnti lAne hetu janma lete haiN| ve avatIrNa nahIM hote varan Atma jAgRti ke dvArA apane satkarmoM se janakalyANa hetu satya dharma kA pravartana karake samAja ko sahI rAha batAte haiN| mAnava sthita adhikAra va kartavyoM kI maryAdA meM svayaM kA jIvana yApana karate hue duHkhoM se mukta hone ke lie zAzvata sukha ke mArga ko svayaM jAnakara, tadanurUpa AcaraNa karake, avidyA-ajJAnAndhakAra

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(38) ko dUra karake kevalajJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt udbodhana dete haiN| dharma kA pravartana karate haiN| ___ jaina dharma meM sAmAnyatayA tIrthaMkara arhat, jina, kevalI, sarvajJa, vItarAga Adi samAna paryAyeM haiM, kintu sUkSmatayA athavA vyavahAra evaM nizcaya kI apekSA kucha bhinnatA bhI hai| vaise yathArtha jJAna kI koTi meM sabhI kA stara eka-sA hai, kintu tIrthaGkara evaM sAmAnya kevalI meM bhinnatA avazya hai| jJAna samAna ho jAne para bhI tIrthaMkara dharma kA pravartana kara sakate haiM, sAmAnya kevalI nhiiN| yadi Agamika, dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAye to AgamoM meM eka bhI sthala aisA nahIM jahA~ sAmAnyakevalI ko arhat kahA gayA ho| mAtra tIrthaMkara ko hI arhat pada se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra nizcata naya kI dRSTi se to mAtra tIrthaGkara ko hI arhat kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu jJAna kI tulyatA se, vyAvahArika apekSA se sAmAnya kevalI ko bhI arhat kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI samayAnusAra 2 zAkhAe~ vibhAjita huI- 1. zvetAmbara 2. digmbr| ina donoM hI sampradAyoM meM 1. strImukti 2. kevalI bhukti ina do viSayoM ke atirikta kucha vizeSa matabheda adyApi nahIM hai| kintu arhat ke svarUpa meM kiJcid mAtra bhI matabheda, bhinnatA nahIM, jaisA ki bauddha sampradAyoM meM huA hai| ye donoM hI sampradAya AdhyAtmikatA ke uccatama zikhara para arhat kI hI sthApanA karate haiN| parameSThI ke pA~coM hI padoM meM arhat kA sthAna pramukha hai| karmakSaya kI apekSA se siddha athavA muktAtmA karma rahita ho cuke| jabaki arhat ke cAra karma zeSa rahate haiN| karmazeSa hone para bhI tIrtha-sthApanA evaM dharma-pravartana karane se arhat kI mahattA sarvopari mAnya kI gaI hai| - arhat, jina, sarvajJa, tIrthaMkara, kevalI, vItarAga Adi samAna paryAyeM hone para bhI Agamika dRSTi se avalokana karane para prAcInatama pramANita aMga Agama meM bhI 'arhat' saMjJA prApta hotI hai, tIrthaMkara nhiiN| AcArAGga va sUtrakRtAGga donoM hI sarvAdhika prAcIna (I. pU. 5vI zatI) mAnya kiye haiN| usameM bhI 'arahaMta' pada prayukta kiyA gayA hai| abhidhAna cintAmaNi meM bhI AcArya hemacandra ne arhat ko pradhAnatA dekara anya paryAyeM pazcAt saMlagna kI hai| (12 vIM zatI) arhat jinaH paargtstrikaalvit| kSINASTa karmA parameSThaya'dhIzvaraH / / 1. AcArAGga sUtra 1. 4. 1.

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(39) zambhuM svayambhUrbhagavAn jagatprabhustrIrthaGkarastIrthakaro jineshvrH|| syAdvAdyamayapadasArvAH sarvajJaH srvdrshikevlinau| devAdhideva bodhida puruSottama viitraagaaptaaH| arhat 1, jina 2, pAragata 3, trikAlavit 4, kSINASTakarmA 5, parameSThI 6, adhIzvara 7, zambhu 8, svayaMbhU bhagavAn 10, jagatprabhu 11, tIrthaMkara 12, tIrthaMkara 13, jinezvara 14, syAdvAdI 15, abhayapada 16, sArvA 17, sarvajJa 18, sarvadarzI 19, kevalI 20, devAdhideva 21, bodhida 22, puruSottama 23, vItarAga 24, Apta 25 / isa prakAra ye 25 abhighAna (nAma) arhat se abhipreta kiye haiN| prAcInatama zilAlekhoM meM yathA ur3IsA ke khAravela samrATa ke zilAlekha meM bhI arhat pada hI uddhRta kiyA haiN| isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki arhat pada kI pratiSThA prathamataH huii| isa prakAra itanA to nirvivAda kahA jA sakatA hai ki anya paryAyoM kI apekSA arhat pada sarvaprathama prakAza meM aayaa| anya paryAyeM samayAnusAra vikasita huii| hindu, jaina, bauddha paramparA meM samAna rUpa se arhat pada prayukta huA hai| yadyapi sabhI ne apanI apanI mAnyatAnusAra isakI prarUpaNA kI hai, phira bhI zabdataH sabhI ne ise sthAna diyA hai| aitihAsikatA kI apekSA adhyayana kiyA jAye to yaha tathya ujAgara hotA hai ki usa kAla meM 'arhat' pada kI pratiSThA samAna rUpa se thii| bhAratIya saMskRti ke antargata sabhI dharmoM ne isako svIkAra kara isake mAhAtmya ko darzAyA hai| pUjArthaka, pUjanIya Adi anekAneka dhAtue~ hone para bhI arha dhAtu se niSpanna isa pada ko sarva sAmAnya ke lie svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| mAtra upAsya jo ki paramAtma svarUpa haiM, unake lie hI yaha pada nirdhArita kiyA gayA ho, aisA dRSTigata hotA hai| arhat parameSThI : Agamika sarvekSaNa vividha jainAgamoM meM nirdiSTa arhat parameSThI viSayaka tathyoM kA paryAlocana kreN| yahA~ hama saMkSepa meM vividhatA meM samagratA ke sAtha una tathyoM kA sarvekSaNa kreNge| 1. abhidhAna cintAmaNi 23-24

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(40) sarvaprathama hama AcArAGga ko dekheN| AcarAGga meM yadyapi arhat saMjJA se to eka hI bAra ullekha huA hai, tathApi jina, kevalI, bhagavAna, sarvajJa-sarvadarzI Adi paryAyoM ke mAdhyama se anekazaH uccarita huA hai| jo eka bAra ullekha huA hai usameM bhI trikAlavartI arhat kA astitva tathA eka samAna unakI prarUpaNA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| prathama zrutaskaMdha ke sadRza dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM bhI isI bhAMti ullekha prApta hotA hai| kintu isake atirikta arhat mahAvIra tIrthaGkara ko lokAntika deva abhiniSkramaNa hetu vijJapti karate haiM, aisA bhI ullikhita hai| yaha AcAra pradhAna grantha hai, ataH svAbhAvika hai ki isameM AcAra-mAtra kA kathana hai| dUsarA Agama hai sUtrakRtAGga-isa aMga sUtra meM arhat kI prakriyA meM pUrvabhUmikA kA nirdeza hai tathA usakI prathama zarta iMgita kI hai : adhyAtma doSoM kA vmn| kaSAya-jayI honA isakI anivArya zarta hai| isI ke sAtha arhat ke svarUpa meM ve anuttara jJAnI va anuttaradarzI hote haiM, yaha bhI varNita kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya aMga sUtra ThANAGga meM arhat kina karmoM kA vedana karate haiM tathA ghAtI karma catuSTaya ko kSINa kara dete haiM, ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ apekSA bheda se vargIkRta karake avadhijJAnI, manaHparyava jJAnI tathA kevalajJAnI ko bhI arhat kahA hai| snAtaka tathA sarvAdhika RddhimAna arhat parameSThI hai| ve sarvabhAva se kyA kyA jAnate dekhate haiM, isa prakAra unake asIma jJAna-darzana ko bhI varNita kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI arhat parameSThI kI Ayu, zarIra, avagAhanA, varNa, sampadA, paMcakalyANakoM ke nakSatra, gaNa-gaNadhara, nirvANa Adi prasaMgoM kA pracuratA se ullekha isameM prApta hotA hai| devendra-devagaNa, deviyA~ Adi divyazaktiyoM kA Agamana bhUloka meM arhat parameSThI ke janma, pravrajyA, kevalajJAna, nirvANa Adi mahotsavoM meM vizeSa rUpa se hotA hai, yaha bhI yahA~ dRSTigata hotA hai| ___ arhat prabhu kA avarNavAda-nindA se hone vAle phala prApti kA bhI yahA~ TaMkaNa kiyA hai| jIva sulabhabodhi aura durlabhabodhitva kaise prApta karatA hai? yaha bhI isameM Alekhita hai| arhat parameSThI ke vaMza, unakA samaya, dharmapuruSa honA, kisa prakAra kI yoni se unakA utpanna honA, cAturyAma-paMcamahAvrata rUpI dharma kA upadeza denA, ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra vibhinna uddharaNoM ke mAdhyama se

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(41) arhat kI avadhAraNA para yahA~ paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| caturtha aMga samavAya meM arhat parameSThI ke 34 atizaya tathA vANI ke paiMtIsa atizayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| sAtha hI eka samaya meM utkRSTatA kitane arhat ho sakate haiM? isa kA varNana hai| atIta-anAgata tathA vartamAna ke arhat parameSThI ke abhidhAnoM kI bhI sUcI yahA~ dI gaI hai| ___paMcama aMga sUtra vyAkhyA prajJapti ke prArambha meM hI paMca parameSThI ko namaskAra karake khyAti prApta namaskAra maMtra ke paMca padoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM arhat parameSThI ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra abhayadevasUrIne arhat parameSThI kA artha-ghaTana bhI sundara rIti se kiyA hai| sAtha hI 'zakrastava-namutthuNaM' jo ki zakendra ke dvArA stutya hai, arhat parameSThI kI stuti kI gaI hai| arhat parameSThI ke janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna, parinirvANa Adi mahotsavoM meM devoM kA AcAra batAyA gayA hai tathA unake mAhAtmya ko iMgita kiyA hai| unakI AzAtanA va namaskAra ke mahatphala kA bhI varNana hai| arhat prabhu ke jJAna kI parAkASThA bhI dyotita kI gaI hai| arhat mahAvIra ke sAtha hI sAtha arhat pArzvanAtha kI prarUpaNA ko bhI isameM gumphita kiyA hai| ___ jJAtAdharmakathAGga meM arhat ke janma sUcita caturdaza svapnoM kA tathA arhat mallI jo ki unnIsaveM tIrthaGkara hai unakA sampUrNa jIvanavRtta varNita kiyA gayA hai| unake janma se lekara parinirvANa taka kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta arhat ariSTanemi, arhat munisuvrata Adi kA varNana bhI prApta hotA hai| eka hI kSetra meM, eka samaya meM do tIrthaGkara kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai| anya kSetrIya arhat-tIrthaGkara kabhI bhI sammilita nahIM ho sakate, yaha bhI yahA~ udghATita huA hai| upAsakadazAGga meM arhat ke nAmasmaraNa, paryupAsanA ke mahatphala kA ullekha hai| to aMtagaDadazAGga meM nAma-mAtra se arhat ariSTanemi kA Alekhana hai| isa prakAra ekAdaza aMga AgamoM meM arhat parameSThI saMbaMdhita vicAraNA kI gaI hai| aMga bAhya AgamoM meM prathama upAMga aupapAtika sUtra meM pUrvAgamAnusAra arhat parameSThI kI stuti namutthuNaM sUtra paraka labhya hotI hai| arhat kI paryAyeM sarvajJa, jina, kevalI Adi

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(42) vizeSaNa-upamA svarUpa upalabdha huI hai| cauMtIsa atizaya evaM vANI ke paiMtIsa atizayoM ke saMketa ke sAtha chatra-cAmara Adi pratihAryoM kA varNana bhI isameM kiyA gayA hai| ambaDa zrAvaka kI arhat parameSThI para avihaDa zraddhA kA bhI isameM ullekha prApta hotA hai| astitvavAda meM arhat-cakravartI kA astitva hai hI isakA bhI varNana isa sUtra meM kiyA gayA hai| rAjapraznIya upAMga meM ullikhita hai ki arhat prabhu kI paryupAsanA meM devagaNoM kI upasthiti honA, unakA AcAra hai| arthAt arhat prabhu kI pUjA devoM dvArA bhI hotI hai, yahA~ isakI puSTi hotI hai| prajJApanA upAMga sUtra meM RddhimAn kI gaNanA meM arhat parameSThI kA sarvAdhika honA svIkAra kiyA hai| jambUdvIpaprajJapti upAMga meM arhat parameSThI ke deva aura manuSyoM dvArA janmAbhiSeka mahotsava kA vistRta nirUpaNa hai| isa sUtra meM maMgalAcaraNa, 'namo arahaMtANa' se kiyA gayA hai| arhat RSabha ke paMcakalyANakoM ke sAtha unake jIvanavRtta ko bhI isameM gUMthA gayA hai| isameM bharata kevalI kA ullekha karane para bhI unako arhat pada se suzobhita nahIM kiyA gyaa| prakIrNaka granthoM ke antargata catuHzaraNa prakIrNaka meM arhat parameSThI kA zaraNa grahaNa karanA grAhya hai tathA tadantargata svarUpa-lakSaNa evaM mAhAtmya kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| cheda sUtroM meM mahAnizItha sUtra meM isa arhat pada kI vivecanA niyukti paraka huI hai| vinayopadhAna ke antargata AMbila tapa se isa pada kI ArAdhanA kI gaI hai| arahaMta, arUhaMta evaM arihaMta ina tIna prakAra ke arthoM ke sAtha isakA savistAra nirUpaNa, upadeza evaM sthApanA kI gaI hai| kalpasUtra ke antargata tIrthaGkara-arhat ke jIvana vRtta kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai| arhat mahAvIra, pArzvanAtha, ariSTanemi tathA RSabhadeva ke jIvanacaritra kA sundara nirUpaNa hai| unake gaNa, gaNadhara, sAdhu samudAya evaM saMgha vyavasthA kA vivecana isa sUtra meM kiyA gayA hai| bRhatkalpasUtra isa sUtra meM samavasaraNa (dharmasabhA) jo ki arhat parameSThI kI dharmadezanA hetu

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(43) devagaNoM dvArA nirmita kiyA jAtA hai,kI racanA kA savizeSa varNana upalabdha hotA cUlikA sUtrAntargata naMdIsUtra meM arhat parameSThI kI stuti paraka varNana mAtra upalabdha hai tathA jJAnaprakaraNa meM kevalI kI sAmAnya vivecanA haiN| mUlasUtroM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM vizeSataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha pArzva bhagavAna ko bhI arhat pada se alaMkRta karake jina, lokapUjita, svayaM sambuddhatA, sarvajJa, dharmatIrthaGkara Adi se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| jIva tIrthaGkara nAma-karma kisa prakAra bAMdhatA hai? vaiyAvacca se jIva tIrthaGkara nAma karma bAMdhatA hai, yaha bhI ullekha kiyA gyaahai| Avazyaka sUtra ke antargata usakA prArambha namaskAra maMtra se huaa| tatpazcAt maMgalacatuSka meM sarvaprathama dRggocara huaa| dvitIya Avazyaka logassa (caturviMzati stava) meM spaSTa Alekhana hai ki cauvIsa tIrthaGkara-arhat tathA kevalI hai| vartamAna cauvIsI ke nAmollekha ke sAtha sAtha svarUpa, stuti, guNakIrtana tathA mAhAtmya se bharapUra hai| isa choTe se sUtra meM arhat-tIrthaGkaroM kA vivaraNa gahanatA se kiyA hai| zakrastava ke sAtha-sAtha paMcama kAyotsarga, arhat caitya kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa sUtra kI niyukti meM arhat parameSThI para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| RSibhASita, sUtra eka aisI vizeSatA lie hue hai ki ise samanvaya sUtra yA apavAda sUtra kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isa sUtra meM 45 RSiyoM kA ullekha hai| jo ki jaina, bauddha evaM vaidika sampradAya se saMbaMdhita hai| isa sUtra meM sabhI RSiyoM ko arhat pada se vibhUSita kiyA hai| mAtra ambaDa parivrAjaka ko arhat nahIM kahA gayA hai| eka yahI sUtra hai jisameM saba RSiyoM ko arhat kahA hai| jaba ki anya AgamagranthoM meM sAmAnya kevalI gaNadhara Adi meM se kisI ko bhI arhata nahIM kahA gyaa| isase yaha udbhAsita hotA hai Agama granthoM se pUrva isakI racanA huI ho| vaise nandI sUtra evaM pAkSika sUtra meM isakI gaNanA kAlika sUtroM ke antargata kI gaI hai| isa prakAra Agamika sarvekSaNa se arhat kI avadhAraNA kA vivaraNa hameM prApta hotA hai| aba hama artha kI apekSA se arhat parameSThI kI avadhAraNA kA avalokana kreNge|

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(44) 2. arhat kA niyukti vyutpatti paraka artha yadyapi vedoM ke svarUpa-bodha ke lie usa para yAska maharSi ne nirukta racA hai, tathApi yAska mahodaya ne isa apane grantha meM arhat pada kA nirvacana nahIM kiyaa| yAska. mahAzaya yadyapi isakA nirvacana nahIM karate, kintu apane nighaNTu meM arha dhAtu kA prayoga unhoMne avazya kiyA hai| isase nirUkta grantha meM vyutpatti prApta na hone para bhI itanA to sunizcita kahA jA sakatA hai ki yAska mahodaya ne arha dhAtu prayukta kI thii| sarvaprathama isa pada kI vyutpatti hameM maharSi pANinI (I. pU. 5 vIM zatAbdI) kRta vyAkaraNazAstra meM prApta hotI hai| pANinI mahodaya kRta 'aSTAdhyAyI 2 meM arha dhAtu kI vyutpatti kI hai- 'arhaH prshNsaayaam'| arthAt prazaMsA athavA prazaMsya artha meM isa dhAtu kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt arhat pada kI niyukti hameM Avazyaka sUtra kI niyukti meM upalabdha hotI hai| isakA nirvacana karate kahA hai "arihaMti vaMdaNanamaMsaNAI arihaMti puuaskkaarN| siddhigamaNaM ca arihA arahaMtA teNa vuccNti|" yahA~ para isa pada kA artha, vandana, namaskAra, pUjA, satkAra tathA siddhigamana kiyA gayA hai| isa niyukti kA vizeSArtha karate kahA hai ki "devAsuramaNuesu arihA pUA suruttamA jmhaa| ariNo haMtA rayaM haMtA, arihaMtA teNa vuccNti"|' tAtparya yaha hai ki deva, asura aura manuSyoM se pUjita arthAt surottama jo devagaNoM se bhI uttama hai, unakI puujaa| pazcAt kathana hai "jo ariyoM (zatruoM kA haMtA hai-nAza karane vAlA hai, vaha bhI arihanta hai| sAtha hI jo raja arthAta karmaraja kA bhI hantA hai, naSTa karane vAlA ho vaha arihanta kahalAtA hai|" ve ari arthAt zatru kauna kauna se haiM, usakA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiMiMdiyavisayakasAe parIsahe veyaNA uvssgge| ee ariNo haMtA arihaMtA teNa vuccaMti / 1. nirukta 2.3, 1. daNDamarhati iti vA, daNDena sampadyata iti vaa| 2. aSTAdhyAyI 3.2.133 (3113) 3. Ava. ni. 921 4. vahI. 922 5. vahI. 919

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(45) arthAt iMdriya, viSaya, kaSAya, parISaha, vedanA tathA upasarga rUpI zatruoM ko nAza karane vAlA arihaMta kahalAtA hai| punaH zatruoM ko ullekha hai, aTThavihaMpiya kammaM aribhUaM hoi svvjiivaannN| taM kammamariM haMtA arihaMtA teNa vuccNti|' arthAt sarva jIvoM ke aSTavidha karma zatrurUpa haiM, jo ina aSTakarmoM kA hantA hai, use arihanta kahA jAtA hai| pANinI vyAkaraNa evaM Avazyaka niyukti ina donoM ke pariprekSya meM adhyayana karane se yaha vidita hotA hai ki pANinI arhadhAtu kI prazaMsA artha meM vyutpatti karate haiM, vahA~ Avazyaka sUtra meM arahanta kI gaI niyukti meM isakA sthAna pUjA paraka, vaMdana-namaskAra arthamaya ho gayA hai| arthaghaTanA ke vistAra saMkoca kI ora dRSTipAt karane para jahA~ pANinI kA vyutpattiparaka prazaMsA artha vyApakatA kI ora iMgita karatA hai| kyoMki prazaMsA guNoM kI hotI hai| sarva sAmAnya guNa prazaMsA artha meM grAhya ho sakate haiN| vahA~ Avazyaka niyukti meM yaha artha pUjanIya, yogyatva ke artha saMkula meM nibaddha ho gyaa| prazaMsA evaM pUjA yadyapi sannihita guNoM kI hI hotI hai| kintu isameM bheda rekhA yaha hai ki prazaMsA sarvasAmAnya kI bhI ho sakatI hai, kintu pUjanIyatA anUThe vyaktitva ko hI prApta ho sakatI hai| pUjA sadaiva zraddhA para avalambita hotI hai| prazaMsA meM AsthA ke AyAma nhiiN| niSThA ke abhAva meM prazaMsA kA srota pravAhita ho sakatA hai| jabaki pUjA meM nizcala dRr3ha zraddhA apekSita hai| zraddhA ke abhAva meM vaha pUjA nahIM, mAtra daMbha ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra prazaMsA kI vyApakatA se arhat kA artha saMkoca pUjA taka sImita ho gyaa| Avazyaka niyukti meM to yaha artha AdhyAtmikatA kI parAkASThA ke stara para bhI jA phuNcaa| cUMki zabda anekArthaka hote haiM, ataH nirvacana karate hue siddhigamana arthaghaTana bhI kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra maharSi pANinI se niyuktikAra bhadrabAhU ke (vi. chaTThI zatAbdI) madhya samaya meM arha ke artha saMyojana meM kucha bhinnatva kI jhalaka prApta hotI hai| 1. vahIM. 919 2. nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRtti prastA. pR. 103

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(46) vaTTakerAcAryakRta mUlAcAra grantha meM bhI isa niyukti kA hI anugamana kiyA hai| kintu SaTkhaNDAgama ke dhavalA TIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya ne isa pUjA artha ko bhI vizeSatA pradAna karate kahA, 'atizaya pUjArhatvAdvArhantaH' arthAt atizaya pUjA ke yogya hone se arhanta saMjJA prApta hotI hai| mahApurANa', nayacakravRtti, 'cAritrapAhuDa' TIkA meM bhI niyukti ke artha ko anulakSa kiyA hai| dhavalA ke artha meM yahA~ atizaya ne bhI sthAna pA liyaa| kyoMki pUjA yogya bhI aneka pAtra ho sakate haiN| kintu jo atizaya pUjanIya ho, vahA~ isa artha ne virAma liyA hai| yahA~ para paramAtmA ke prati niSThA vyakta hotI hai| AvazyakasUtra para zrImad haribhadrasUri kRta vRtti meM isakI bahuta hI sundara vyAkhyA kI hai-'arha pUjAyAm', arhantIti 'pacAdyac' kartari arhAH, kimarhanti? vandananamaskaraNe, tatra vandanaM sirasA, namaskaraNaM vAcA, tathArhanti pUjAsatkAraM, tatra vastramAlyAdijanyA pUjA, abhyutthAnAdisambhramaH satkAraH tathA siddhigamanaM cAhanti / athavA arhntiityrhnt| arthAt vandana zirajhukA kara, namaskAra kahakara kiyA jAtA hai| kintu pUjA tathA satkAra vasra mAlAdi janya, satkAra Adara ke sAtha sanmukha jAne se hotA hai| ina sabake sAtha viziSTatA to 'siddhigamana' kI hai| jo siddhi kI ora gamana karane ko udyata haiM unako arhat kahA jAtA hai| siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana vyAkaraNa ke kartA zrIhemacandrAcArya ne apane vyAkaraNa grantha ke prArambha meM hI isa pada kI vyutpatti kI hai| unakI svopajJa madhyamavRtti ke anusAra "ahamityetadakSaraM paramezvarasya parameSThino vAcakaM maGgalArthaM zAstrasyAdau praNidadhmahe / / arha maha puujaayaam| arha / arhati / aSTaprAtihAryapUjAmityaha~ |"'aH' (2) ityuNAdisUtreNa a| 'pRSodarAdayaH' (3.2.155) iti sAnunAsikatvaM kalA binduH? athavA arhamiti mAnto'pyasti avyayam siH 'avyayasya' (3.27) iti lup| aha~ iti akSara padaM paramezvarasya jagannAthasya ekasyaiva parameSThinohadbhagavato vaackm| aha~ kAreNa arhanneva dhyAyate iti bhaavH|" 1. mUlAcAra 505, 562 2. dhavalA 1.1.1., 1.44.6. 3. mahApurANa 33/186 4. nayacakravRtti 272 5. cAritra pAhuDa TI. 1.31.5. 6. Ava.vRtti. 921. pR. 406 7. siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana 1.1.

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(47) zrI hemacandrAcArya ne arhat ke hArda ko pUrNarUpeNa vikasita kiyA hai| arham akSara parameSThI paramezvara kA vAcaka hai| arha pUjA arthaka hai| jo aSTaprAtihArya se saMyukta hai usako dyotita karatI hai| punaH kahate haiM ki 'aH' yaha uNAdi sUtra kA 'a' hai, jisa paraM anunAsika kalA bindu hai| athavA mAnta hone se ise avyaya bhI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra avyaya svarUpa hone se yaha arha akSara-pada paramezvara jagannAtha eka hI parameSThI arhad bhagavanta kA vAcaka hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki 'arha' hone se hI arhat kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| ___ punaH zaMkA karate haiM ki arhaM vargoM kA samudAya hai, to kisa prakAra akSara kahA gayA hai? samAdhAna hai ki jisakA svarUpatA kSara nahIM hotA, na svarUpa se calAyamAna hotA hai, ataH ise akSara kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra isa bRhavRtti-madhyamavRtti meM hemacandrAcArya ne arha akSara-pada kI pUjA artha meM vyutpatti karane ke pazcAt arha ko arhad svarUpa meM sthira kara diyaa| abhiprAya yaha hai ki jahA~ pUrvAcAryoM ne isa arha dhAtu ko pUjA artha meM prayukta karake samagratA ko isameM nibaddha kara diyA thA, vahA~ hemacandrAcArya ne isa arhad pada ko aSTaprAtihArya, paramezvara, parameSThI kA vAcaka siddha karake ise siddhacaka kA Adi bIja, sakalAgama, upaniSadbhUta, azeSavighna kA vighAtaka, nikhila daSTAdRSTa phala-saMkalpa kA pradAtA kalpadruma ke rUpa meM vyavasthita kara diyaa| yadi tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhA jAye to brAhmaNa paramparA ke granthoM meM sarvaprathama ise prazaMsA paraka artha meM grahaNa kiyA gyaa| kintu zramaNa paramparA ke prArambha meM pUjA artha meM grahaNa karake zanaiH zanaiH arhad parameSThI svarUpa meM jAkara yaha artha vyavasthita kara liyA gyaa| yadyapi maharSi pANinI ne arha dhAtu ko prazaMsA artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai, kintu jaba vedoM meM yaha prayoga dekhate hai to jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ bhI agni, indra, rUdra Adi viziSTa devatA ke rUpa meM grAhya hokara pUjA artha meM grahaNa kiyA gyaa| sAyaNAcArya ne bhI arhat ko pUjA artha meM, yogya artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai| pazcAtvartI brAhmaNa sAhitya meM pUjAparaka artha meM ise prayoga kiyA hai| pUjA, yogya, stuti Adi samAnArthaka hI hai| manusmRti, gItA, rAmAyaNa, viSNupurANa, bhAgavatapurANa, raghuvaMza Adi sarva dharma granthoM meM ise Izvara, zakra, pUjanIya, viSNu, hari ke vizeSaNa rUpa meM upAdeya mAnA hai| 1. siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana-bRhavRtti 1.1.

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___ (48) zramaNa paramparA kI donoM hI dhArAoM meM bauddha tathA jaina meM ise buddha tathA arahanta svarUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai| jaina dharma ke donoM hI sampradAya digambara evaM zvetAmbara meM samAna rUpa se arhanta kA svarUpa mAnya kiyA hai| arhat kI itara paryAyeM___ arhat kI vyutpatti evaM niyukti paraka artha anekazaH kiye gaye haiN| kintu unakI paryAyoM kA kathana bhI apekSita hai| jainavAGmaya kA parizIlana karane se vidita hotA hai ki "jaina paramparAnusAra yaha mAnya kiyA jAtA rahA hai ki pratyeka tIrthaGkara ke kevalajJAna ke pazcAt indra ke Adeza se Abhiyogya deva bhagavAn kI dharmadezanA hetu samavasaraNa (sabhAmaNDapa) kI racanA karate haiN| deva, manuSya, pazupakSI Adi tiryaJca usa samavasaraNa meM upadezAmRta kA pAna karate haiN| usa samaya niyamAnusAra indra bhI Akara arhat prabhu ko namaskAra karake eka hajAra ATha nAmoM se unakI stuti karatA hai| sambhava hai eka hajAra ATha guNoM ke upalakSaNa se yaha stuti kI jAtI ho| kyoMki tIrthaGkaroM ke zarIra meM jo 1008 lakSaNa aura vyaJjana hote haiM, jo ki sAmudrika zAstra ke anusAra zarIra ke zubha cinha yA sulakSaNa mAne gaye haiM, ve hI sambhavataH eka hajAra ATha nAmoM se stuti karane ke AdhAra pratIta hote haiN| samaya samaya para jainAcAryoM ke dvArA bhI ina eka hajAra ATha nAmoM ke AdhAra se unake sahasranAmoM kA gumphana apane kAvya granthoM meM sundara rIti se kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA ke atirikta hindu paramparA meM sahasranAma ke stutiparaka kAvya grantha upalabdha hote haiN| yathA zivasahasranAma, viSNusahasranAma, gaNezasahasranAma aadi| inameM se sarvAdhika prAcIna viSNusahasranAma hai jo mahAbhArata ke anuzAsana parva ke antargata hai| saMbhavataH jaina sahasranAma stavana bhI isI bhAMti kA niyojana ho| ___ vartamAna meM arhat parameSThI ke sahasranAma paraka sAta kAvyagrantha upalabdha hote haiN| jisameM sarvAdhika prAcIna A. siddhasena divAkara (4-5 vIM zatA.) kA 'zakrastava' hai| usake pazcAt AcArya jinasena (vi. 9 vIM zatA.) ne jinasahasranAma kI racanA kii| zrI hemacandrAcArya ke arhannAmasahasrasamuccayaM (12 vIM za.) nAmaka kRti upalabdha hotI hai| paM:AzAdhara jI (13-14 vI.za.) kI racanA bhI 'jinasahasranAma' se upalabdha hai| upA. vinaya vijaya jI ma. (17-18 vI. za.) zrI jIvaharSagaNi tathA bhaTTAraka sakalakArti kI 'jinasahasranAma' racanAe~ prApta hotI hai| isa AdhAra 1. bRhadakalpa bhASya-1 uddezya 1177.

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(49) se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki arhat parameSThI ke sahasra nAmoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| jahA~ zrI hemacandrAcArya ne arhannAmasahasrasamuccaya meM sahasranAmoM se arhat parameSThI ko abhivyajita kiyA, vahA~ abhidhAna cintAmaNi" (abhidhAnacintAmaNi svopajJa vRtti. 24-25) meM 25 abhidhAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ho sakatA hai ina 25 abhidhAnoM kA vistRta rUpa sahasranAma meM kiyA ho athavA sahasra kA saMkSiptikaraNa 25 ke antargata kara diyA ho| pUrvakathita ina paccIsa ko hama vikAsakrama ke anusAra varNita kareM to sarvaprathama hai- 1. abhyd| ___ arthAt abhaya ko dene vaale| hemacandrAcArya ne apanI svopajJa TIkA meM isakA vivecana kiyA hai ki, sapta bhayoM ke pratipakSI bhUta arthAt bhayoM kA pratipakSI abhaya hai| jo ki AtmA kA vizeSa svAsthya hai, usake pradAtA 'abhayada' haiN| evaM niH zreyasa dharma kI bhUmikA svarUpa una guNoM ke prakarSa se acintya zaktiyukta sarvathA paramArtha ko dene vAle abhayada haiN| 2. kSINASTakarma-jJAnAvaraNIyAdi aSTa karmoM ko kSINa-naSTa karane se kSINASTakarmA haiN| 3. jina, jinezvara, vItarAga rAga, dveSa, moha ko jinhoMne jIta liyA hai, ve jina kahalAte haiN| sAtha hI una jinoM ke bhI Izvara hone se jinezvara kahalAte haiN| rAga ke naSTa ho jAne se vItarAga bhI unako kahA jAtA hai| 4. sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, kevalI, trikAlavit___sarva vastuoM ke jJAtA, draSTA hone se sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI kahA jAtA hai tathA sarvathA karmAvaraNa ke vilaya hone para kevala caitanya svarUpa kA AvirbhAva hone se kevalI nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| trikAla ke jJAtA haiM ataH trikAlavid / 5. tIrthaGkara, tIrthakara, bhagavAna, jagatprabhu, parameSThI, adhIzvara, devAdhideva saMsAra samudra se taira gaMye hai ataH tIrthaGkara, pravacana ke AdhArastambha caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA karane se tIrthakara, jagat kA aizvarya athavA jJAna hone se bhagavAn, jagat ke prabhu, paramapada meM sthita, jagat meM adhiSThita hone se adhIzvara, tathA surendrAdi devoM ke deva hone se ve devAdhideva kahalAte haiN| 1. abhidhAnacintAmaNi sropajJa vRtti. 24-25

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(50) 6. Apta, syAdvAdI, bodhid, sArva Atmahitopadezaka hone se Apta tathA anekAntamaya unake vacana hai ataH syAdvAdI, bodhi arthAt jina dharma kI prApti evaM usake dAtA hone se bodhida tathA samasta prANiyoM ke hitakArI hone se sArva-sarvIya Adi saMjJAoM se abhipreta kiyA jAtA hai| 7.zambhu, svayaMbhU, puruSottama__ zAzvata sukha ke svAmI haiM ataH zambhu, svayaM hI apanI AtmA ke tathAbhavyatvAdi sAmagrI ke paripAka hone se svayaMbhU tathA puruSoM meM uttama arthAt tathA bhavyatva Adi bhAvoM se zreSTha hone se puruSottama haiN| 8. pAragata___ saMsAra ke prayojanoM se pAra ho cuke haiM athavA jo saMsAra ke paryanta-pAra jA cuke haiM, ataH pAragata haiN| yahA~ vikAsa krama ke anusAra prANimAtra meM abhayavRtti ko dene vAle haiM, Atma svAsthya ke, Atma svarUpa ke pradAtA hone se vizvatsalatA kA udaya hotA hai| maitrI bhAvanA kA pUrNataH samAveza hone se abhayada kahA gayA hai| isa abhaya dAna vRtti ke mAdhyama se aSTakarmoM kA samUloccheda kara dene ke phalasvarUpa kSINASTa karmA kahA gayA hai| karmoM ke vijetA hone se jina, jinezvara, vItarAga pada para ArUr3ha hue haiN| karma rAzi samApta ho cukI hai| ataH 'kevalI' trikAlavit se unako alaMkRta kiyA hai| jJAtA draSTA hone se sarva dravya, guNa, paryAya, kAlabhAva ke jJAtA, draSTA, saMgha kI sthApanA karake tIrthakara, atyanta pUjanIya hone se bhagavAn, jagatprabhu, parameSThI, adhIzvara devAdhideva khlaaye| phalasvarUpa unake vacana sarva hitakArI, yathArtha hone se sad dharma kI prApti meM sahAyaka hone se bodhida kahA gyaa| saddharma kI prApti sarva sukhoM meM sarvotkRSTa hai| unhoMne svayaM ne hI isa zreSTha sthiti ko prApta kI hai ataH svayaMbhU evaM puruSottama saMjJA pAI hai| isa prakAra saMsAra ke sarva prayojanoM se mukta hokara saMsAra ke paryanta jA pahu~ce haiN| __prANimAtra ko abhaya jinakA mUla hai usa vaTavRkSa ke phala, pariNAma pAragata hai| ina sarva paryAyoM se arhat parameSThI ko abhihita kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi AgamoM meM yatra tatra ullekha milatA hai, tathApi jina, kevalI sarvajJa, vItarAga bhagavAna Adi paryAyoM kA ullekha vizeSataH AgamoM meM dRSTigata hotA hai|

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(51) (3) kevalI ke prakAra sarvathA karmAvaraNa ke vilaya ho jAne para kevalajJAna svarUpa kA AvirbhAva jinameM hotA hai, jinakA ajJAnAndhakAra naSTa ho gayA hai, ve kevalI haiN| jaina mAnyatAnusAra pratyeka prANI isa sarvottama avasthA kA varaNa kara sakatA hai| jaba prANimAtra isa AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ko prApta kara sakatA hai, taba prazna uThatA hai kyA sabhI kI kakSA, stara samAna hai? yadyapi jJAna bala meM sAmya hone para bhI jaina mAnyatA kucha vibhAjana bhI karatI hai| isa apekSA se kevalI ke do prakAra haiM___ 1. kevalI 2. arhat (1) sAmAnya kevalI jaina paramparAnusAra pratyeka vyakti paramAtma pada kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| yadyapi arhat parameSThI kI. bhAMti kevalI ke jina nAma karma atizaya saMyukta, paMcakalyANaka mahotsava, divya svapna darzana Adi nahIM hote| jJAna-sImA meM arhat va sAmAnya kevalI meM sAmya hotA hai| kevalI ke anya bhI prakAra haiM, yathA-mUka kevalI, muNDakevalI aadi| sAmAnyatayA mUka kevalI ke atirikta ve upadeza bhI dete haiN| dhArmika caitanya jAgaraNa tathA jana-jIvana kalyANa meM dharmopadeza denA, unakA AcAra hai| sAmAnya kevalI dvArA dharmopadeza AgamoM meM aneka sthala haiM, jahA~ para kevalI dvArA dharmopadeza kI carcA hai bhagavatI sUtra meM kevalI ke pAsa dharmazravaNa karake bodhilAbha, aNagAratva yAvat kevalajJAna prApti kA ullekha hai| jJAtAdharmakathAMga meM tetalIputra kevalI ke pAsa rAjAkanakadhvaja kA zrAvakavrata aMgIkAra karane kA varNana hai| jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti meM bharata cakravarti kA kevalajJAna prApti ke bAda dasa hajAra rAjAoM ko pratibodha dene kA nirdeza hai| ___ isa prakAra kevalI bhagavAn dvArA dharmopadeza kA varNana Agama granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kevalajJAna ke pazcAt AtmakalyANa zeSa hI nahIM rahatA, vaha to Atmavizuddhi kI parAkASThA hai| ve parakalyANa ke lie hI dharmopadeza dete haiN| 1. bhagavatI sUtra 1.39.13-32 2. jJAtA. 1.14 3. jambU. 3.87

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(52) 2. arhat ___yadyapi jJAna tulyatA meM samakakSa hone para bhI sAmAnya kevalI se arhata kI kucha anUThI vizeSatAe~ hai, jo ki sAmAnya kevalI meM nhiiN| tIrthakaroM ke jinanAma karma kA baMdha hotA hai, phalasvarUpa unake kalyANaka mahotsava deva, devendra manuSyoM dvArA manAye jAte haiN| yahAM taka ki arhat ke janma ke samaya sarvaloka meM udyota hotA hai tathA prANimAtra ko sukhAnubhUti hotI hai| kyA arhat pada ke adhikArI tIrthaMkara hI hote haiM, sAmAnya kevalI nahIM? hama Agamika sandarbho meM isakA avalokana kreNge| caturvizati stava arthAt logassa sUtra meM ullekha hai "logassa ujjoagare dhammatitthayare jinne| arahaMte kittaissaM cauvIsaMpi kevlii||"2 yahA~ spaSTarUpa se caubIsa tIrthakaroM ko hI jina, kevalI, tathA arhat kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra zakrastava arthAt namutthuNaM sUtra meM bhI isI prakAra ullekha kiyA hai "namutthuNaM arahaMtANaM bhgvntaannN| AigarANaM titthyraannN|"3 jo dharma kA Adi karane vAle tIrthaMkara, arhanta bhagavanta haiM, unako namaskAra ho| 45 AgamoM meM se kisI bhI Agama meM gaNadhara, jambUsvAmI yA antakRta athavA sAmAnya kevalI ko arhat vizeSaNa nahIM diyA gyaa| isa avasarpiNI meM prathama kevalI marUdevI mAtA huI unako bhI arhat vizeSaNa nahIM lagAyA gyaa| saiddhAntika apekSA se bhI arhat pada mAtra tIrthaGkara ke sAtha hI grAhya huA hai| cauMtIsa atizaya', bAraha guNa, vANI ke paiMtIsa atizaya', inameM arhat pada se tIrthaGkara prabhu kI mahimA kA hI guNagAna huA hai| aSTa prAtihArya, samavasaraNa kI racanA, suvarNa kamaloM para padanyAsa, cyavana ke samaya mAtA ko divyasvapna darzana', janma ke 6 mAsa pUrva hI devoM dvArA ratnoM tathA sonaiyoM kA varSaNa, janmAvasara para indra kA Asana calAyamAna honA, chappana dikkumArikAoM dvArA sUti karma karanA, janmAbhiSeka hetu zakrendra kA vikurvaNA dvArA paMca rUpoM meM merU giri para le jAkara 1. Ava. cUrNi pR. 135, paNNavaNA 23. 2. Ava. sUtra adhyayana 2 3. bhagavatI, 1.1., 2.1, 3.1. aupapAtika 87, kalpasUtra pR. 3 4. Ava. cUrNi. patra 181 5. samavAyAGga 34.1 bhagavatI 9.33 6. jJAtAdharmakathAGga 9, bhagavatI 12.8, vizeSAvazyaka 3049, 7. samavAyAGga 35.1 8. bhaga. vRtti 1.1 Ava. cU. 182 9. nAyAdhammakahA 1.1.29, aMtagaDa-3.8, jambUdvIpa prajJapti paMcama vakSa

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(53) kSIrodaka se 1008-1008 suvarNa, ratna, mRttikA Adi kalazoM dvArA abhiSeka krnaa| dIkSA ke avasara para lokAntika devoM dvArA vinamra prArthanA karanA, mahAbhiniSkramaNa se pUrva eka varSa taka 'saMvatsara dAna' (varSIdAna) Adi' aneka gAthAeM tIrthaGkara prabhu ke yazogAna se jur3I huI haiN| jaba ki sAmAnya kevalI ke sAtha aisA eka bhI prasaMga nahIM hotaa| isase yahI jJAta hotA hai ki arhat pada ko tIrthaGkara mAtra ke lie hI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| phira kisa apekSA se kevalI ko arhat kahA gayA hai? usa para bhI hama dRSTipAta kreN| bhagavatIsUtra kA prArambha namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke maMgala se huA hai| namaskAra mahAmaMtra jise ki parameSThI maMtra tathA paMcamaMgalamahAzrutaskaMdha bhI kahA jAtA hai, usake TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ne isa pada para vistRta vRtti/TIkA racI haiN| Namo arahaMtANa' meM arahanta pada kI vyAkhyA karate hue zrImad abhadevasUri kA kathana hai ki -"amaravaravinirmitAzokAdimahAprAtihAryarUpAM pUjAmarhantItyarhantaH''2 arthAt devoM dvArA racita azokavRkSAdi (ATha) mahAprAtihAryarUpa pUjA ke jo yogya haiM, ve arahaMta kahalAte haiN| isI prakAra kA kathana Avazyaka niyukti meM hai|' isI 'arahatANaM' pada kI vyAkhyA abhayadeva sUrI dUsarI prakAra se karate haiM "athavA avidyamAnaM vA raha:-ekAnta rUpo dezaH antazcaH madhyaM giriguhAdInAM sarvaveditayA samastavastustomagatapracchannatvasyAbhAvena yeSAM te arahontaraH" tAtparya yaha hai ki sarvajJa hone se bhagavAn se jagat kI sarva vastuoM meM se koI gupta nahIM hotii| ataH bhagavAn arahontara kahalAte haiN| "athavA avidyamAno rathaH-syandanaH sakalaparigraho-palakSaNabhUtontazca vinAzo jarAdyupalakSaNabhUto yeSAM te arathAntA:" arthAt jinake sarva prakAra kA parigraha aura janma jarA mRtyu nahIM hai, aise arathAnta arahaMta bhagavAn ko namaskAra ho| 1. Ava. cUrNi patra 136-157., nAyA. 8. 2. bhagavatIvRtti 1.1 prakA. jinAgama prakAzaka sabhAH bambaI. anu. saMzo.- paM. becaradAsajI 3. arahaMtivaMdaNanamaMsaNANi arahaMti pUyasakkAraM / siddhigamaNaM ca arahA arahaMtA teNa vuccNti| Ava. ni. gA. 921 4. bhagavatI sUtra vRtti 1.1 prakA.-jinAgamaprakAzaka sabhA. anu. paM. becaradAsajI 5. bha. vR. 1.1 6. bha. vR. 1.1

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(54) punaH vyAkhyA karate haiM-' athavA 'arahaMtANaM' ti kvacidapyAsaktimagacchadbhyaH kSINarAgAt' arthAt 'arahaMtANaM' rAga kA kSaya hone se kisI bhI padArtha para Asakti nahIM hone se arahaMta bhagavantoM ko namaskAra ho| - bhinna rUpa se punaH vyAkhyA karate haiM - "athavA ara hayadbhyaHprakRSTarAgAdihetubhUtamanojJetaraviSaya-samparkepi vItarAgatvAdikaM svaM svabhAvamatyajadbhyaH ityarthaH"-athavA 'arahaMtANa' yAni arahayadbhyaH (raha dhAtu kA tyAga denA artha hotA hai) arthAt prakRSTa rAga tathA dveSa ke kAraNabhUta anukrama se manohara tathA amanohara viSaya kA samparka hone para bhI vItarAgatva Adi jo apanA svasvabhAva hai, usakA tyAga nahIM karane vAle aise arahanta bhagavantoM ko namaskAra ho| anya pAThAntarakA bhI sUrideva ullekha karate haiM-"aruhaMtANa" mityapi pAThAntaram, tatra arohadbhyaH anupajAyamAnebhyaH, kSINakarmabIjatvAt-athavA 'arahaMtANaM' ke sthAna para 'aruhaMtANaM' pATha bhI milatA hai| 'janma nahIM lete'- isa pATha kA tAtparya hai| kyoMki karma rUpI bIja kSINa ho jAne se bhagavAn punaH janma nahIM lete hai| __isa prakAra upayukta vyAkhyAe~ zrI abhayadevasarijI ma. ne mAtra 'arahaMtANaM' pada kI do hai| jisameM tIrthaGkara va kevalI donoM ko arahaMta kahA jA sake, aisI samAna vyAkhyA bhI hai| para pAThAntara meM jina vyAkhyAoM ko Alekhita kiyA hai, adhikAMza ve hI vyAkhyAe~ kevalI bhagavanta ke sAtha vizeSa rUpa se lAgU hotI hai| karmarUpI zatruoM kA nAza, tathA janma, jarA mRtyu ke nivAraNa ho jAne se apunarAgamana ke atirikta kisI bhI rahasya kA gupta na honA, sarva parigraha kA tyAga, rAga kA kSaya, Asakti na honA, vItarAgatA se yukta honA, ina sabhI meM samAnatA hone para bhI aSTa mahAprAtihArya Adi guNayukta hone se tIrthaGkaratva hI arhat pada ke upayukta hai| sAmAnya kevalI meM ina guNoM kA koI sthAna nhiiN| aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki jaba tIrthaGkara ko hI arhat pada ke lie upayukta samajhA jAye to sAmAnya kevalI ko paMca-padoM meM se kisa pada para ArUDha karake namaskAra kiyA jAya? siddha pada to kevalI paryAya meM arthAt terahaveM tathA caudahaveM 1. vahI. 2. vahI. 3. vahI. 4. vahIM.

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(55) guNasthAna ke Arohakrama meM ho nahIM sktaa| ataH 'Namo siddhANaM' ke antargata bhI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| AcArya tathA upAdhyAya pada bhI kevalI bhagavAn ke upayukta nahIM hai| zeSa rahA paMcama pada 'Namo loe savva saahuunnN'| isa pada meM namaskAra kiyA jA skegaa| kyoMki arhanta, AcArya, upAdhyAya bhI sAdhu pada se vihIna nahIM hai| ataH sahaja hI sAdhu pada meM to gaNanA kI jA sakatI hI hai| isa prakAra Agamika uddharaNoM ko dekhate hue jJAta hotA hai ki 'arhat' ke adhikArI mAtra tIrthaGkara ko hI mAnanA cAhiye, kevalI ko nhiiN| isa ke atirikta saMgha rUpI tIrtha ke prasthApaka bhI arhat hI hote haiN| sAdhu-sAdhvI tathA zrAvakazrAvikA, ina cAroM ko caturvidha saMgha kahA jAtA hai, jise arhat tIrtha rUpa meM svIkAra karake svayaM Namo titthassa' kaha kara apanI yojanagAminI dezanA prArambha karate haiN| isa saMgha kI sthApanA apane apane zAsana kAla meM svayaM tIrthaGkara karate haiN| sAmAnya kevalI kA yaha sAmarthya nhiiN| ina sabhI uddharaNoM kI dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki tIrthaGkara hI arhat kahe jAne cAhiye sAmAnya kevalI nhiiN| (5)arhatkI alaukikatA, anupamatA, adbhutatA, advitIyatA evaM zreSThatA jaina paramparA arhat parameSThI tIrthaGkara ko svIkAra karatI hai, anya kevalI Adi ko nhiiN| isa prakAra arhat parameSThI ke antargata tIrthaGkara kI hI alaukikatA Adi kA grahaNa kiyA jaaegaa| jaina paramparA arhat parameSThI ko mAnavIya vyaktitva ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra karatI hai| kintu aise vyaktitva kI vikasita avasthA alaukika, anupama, adbhuta, advitIya va zreSThatama svIkAra karatI hai| alaukikatA-arhat parameSThI kA janma isa loka meM mAnava sthiti ko prApta hone para bhI alaukikatA ke sAtha unakA jIvana prakAzita hotA hai| yaha alaukikatA hameM jaina paramparA ke prAcInatama grantha AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM prApta hotA hai| usameM arhat parameSThI ke liye ullekha ki cAhe atIta meM arhat hue ho yA ve vartamAna meM vicaraNa kara rahe ho athavA bhaviSya kAla meM hone vAle ho, sabhI arhat kI prarupaNA samAna hI hogii| unake vacana Adeza alaukika hoNge| AcArAGga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM, kalpasUtra meM, sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga tathA paravartI sAhitya meM alaukikatA varNita kI gaI hai| yathA-arhat parameSThI kI mAtA garbhAvakrAnti (cyavana) ke samaya svapnoM ko dekhatI hai| 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya-766, bhaga. 1.1., 11 : 11, 165, 208, nAyA, 1, 16, jambU pra. 5, 112

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(56) arhat parameSThI kI mAtA kI yoni azubha padArthoM se rahita hotI hai| ve svayaM azuci se rahita nirmala rUpa se janma lete haiM tathA unakA janmotsava deva-devendra dvArA manAyA jAtA hai| jisa samaya arhat parameSThI kA janma hotA hai, usa samaya pariveza samagra loka meM zAnta evaM sukhamaya hotA hai| sugandhi vAyu bahane lagatI hai| janma ke samaya samasta loka meM divya prakAza vyApta ho jAtA hai| janma mahotsava ke atirikta arhat parameSThI kA abhiniSkramaNa (dIkSA) mahotsava, kaivalya, mahotsava tathA nirvANa mahotsava indroM evaM devagaNoM dvArA saMpAdita kiye jAte haiN| jisa samaya arhat parameSThI dIkSA grahaNa karate haiM, usa samaya devagaNa apAra dhanarAzi unake koSAgAra meM DAla dete haiN| ve pratidina eka karor3a bAvana lAkha svarNa mudrAoM kA dAna karate haiN| unake AhAra grahaNa ke samaya bhI devagaNa sArddha bAraha karoDa sonaiyoM kI varSA karate haiN| sarvajJatA kI prApti hone para rajata svarNaratnamaya samavasaraNa (dharmasabhA-sthala) kI racanA bhI devagaNa karate haiM jisa meM ve svayaM to pUrvAbhimukha birAjamAna hote haiM, kintu anya tIna dizAoM meM unake pratibimba kI sthApanA unake hI prabhAva se devagaNoM dvArA kI jAtI hai| jisameM arhat parameSThI lokakalyANa hetu dharmadezanA/dharmopadeza dete haiN| dharmamArga kA pravartana karate haiN| anupamatA___ arhat parameSThI kA rUpa sarvAMga sundara darzAyA gayA hai| unake svarUpa kI upamA anya bhautika jar3a padArthoM se kadApi saMbhava nhiiN| unakA zArIrika evaM AdhyAtmika stara uccattama hone se, alaukika evaM divya hone se anya padArtha usa kakSA meM A hI nahIM skte| yadyapi unakA astitva bhI jar3a padArthoM kI bhAMti vinazvara hai tathApi vaha anupameya atulanIya hai| adbhutatA arhat parameSThI kA svarUpa, unakA rUpa-lAvaNya, daivika mahotsava, unake aSTa prAtihArya yukta samavasaraNa kI racanA, yahA~ taka ki janma ke pUrva se unakI hara kriyA, unakI sthiti devakRta mahotsava sarva jagat ko camatkRti yukta pratIta hote haiN| phalataH loka meM adbhutatA ko prakaTa karate haiN| sarvajJatA trikAlavartI jJAna ke kAraNa hI yathArtha tatva ko prakaTa karatI. unakI vANI saMzaya ko dUra karane se camatkAra yukta pratIta hotI hai| unake gautama Adi gyAraha gaNadhara ziSyoM ne apane antarmana ke saMzaya dUra ho jAne ke phalasvarUpa hI unakA ziSyatva svIkAra kiyA

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(57) thaa| isa prakAra unakA anuttara jJAna-darzana jana samUha meM adbhutatA ko prakaTa karatA thaa| dharma saMgha kA pravartana aura saMgha kI sthApanA va gaThana adbhuta pratIta hotA hai| advitIyatA arhat parameSThI ke sadRza anya kisI kA vyaktitva usa bhAMti na hone se ve advitIya hai| sAmAnya kevalI bhI unake sadRza kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana ke dhAraka hone para bhI arhat parameSThI kalyANaka mahotsavoM, atizaya, vacanAtizaya Adi aneka anuSThAnoM meM advitIya hai| rUpa, guNa, sampadA, saMghIyavyavasthA, dhairyatA, gaMbhIryatA-nirmalatA, tejasvitA Adi sarva meM isa jagat meM unakA dUsarA koI sAnI nahIM hai| ekamAtra arhat parameSThI hI isa advitIyatA ke svAmI hai| trikAlavartI, tInaloka meM, sarvatra arhat parameSThI ke sadRza anya koI nahIM hai| zreSThatA uparokta sarva guNa sampanna hone se arhat parameSThI zreSTha tattvoM meM se eka hai| unakI zreSThatA kA jJApana karane vAlA sUtra hai 'shkrstv|' isa zakrastava (namutthuNaM) ke dvArA zakrendra arhat parameSThI kI stuti karate hue unakI uccatama zreSThatA ko sUcita karatA hai| ve zreSTha kyoM hai? to ullekha hai ki ve dharma kI Adi (prArambha) karate haiM, ve svayaM hI bodha ko prApta hue haiM, puruSoM meM uttama, puruSoM meM siMha ke sadRza, puMDarIka zveta kamala se zreSTha hastiyoM meM gaMdhahasti ke samAna zreSTha, loka meM uttama, loka ke nAtha, loka ke hitakara, loka ke pradIpa, laka meM pradyotakara, abhayada, cakSuda, dharmada, dharmadezanA dene vAle, dharma ke nAyaka, dharma ke sArathi, dharmarUpI cAturaMta senA ke cakravarti, apratihata jJAna darzana ke dhAraka, chadmasthAvasthA viyukta, aise arhat parameSThI svayaM tira cuke anyoM ke tAraka, svayaM vijita anya ko jitAne vAle, svayaM buddha evaM jagat ko bodhipradAtA, svayaM mukta evaM jagat ke mocaka hai| sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, ziva-acala, arUha, anaMta, akSaya, avyAbAdha, apunarAgamana sthAna ko prApta hai| isa prakAra zakrastava sUtra arhat parameSThI kI puruSa zreSThatA (AtmA aura manuSya), loka evaM dharma meM jJAna prakAzana meM sUrya kI bhAMti zreSThatA, svayaM ke guNoM ko anyoM meM Aropita karane kI kSamatA meM zreSTha audArya ko pradarzita karatA hai| 1. bhagavatI sUtra 1.1

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(58) (a) siddhApekSA prAthamikatA jaina paramparA meM yadyapi karmamuktAvasthA meM siddha parameSThI kA sthAna prathama AtA hai| siddha parameSThI ke aSTa karmoM kA kSaya ho cukA hai| ve parama zuddha, buddha mukta, zivasthAna siddhi gati ko prApta kara cuke haiN| isake bAvajUda bhI arhat parameSThI kA sthAna prathama mAnya kiyA gayA hai| hAlAMki jisa samaya arhat parameSThI dIkSA grahaNa karate haiM, usa samaya ve bhI siddha ko namaskAra karate haiN| arhat parameSThI se stutya, paramazuddhAvasthA ko prApta siddha parameSThI ko prathama sthAna prApta honA cAhiye thaa| jabaki unakA sthAna prathama na hokara dvitIya hai| arhat parameSThI ke cAra ghAtI karma hI kSaya hue haiM, cAra aghAtI karmoM se ve yukta haiN| itanA hone para bhI arhat ko prathama sthAna prApta hai| ___ isa prAthamikatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki arhat prabhu ne hI dharma kA pravartana kiyA hai| saMgha kI sthApanA karI aura lokakalyANa hetu dharmopadeza diyaa| apanI dharmadezanA ke antargata hI unhoMne siddha parameSThI kA paricaya diyaa| arhat ne hI ajJAna rUpI adhaMkAra ko jJAna rUpI prakAza se naSTa kiyaa| loka meM kahA bhI hai guru govinda donoM khar3e kisake lAgU paay| balihArI gurudeva kI, govinda diyo btaay|| guru evaM govinda meM prathama namaskAra guru ko karane ko kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra yahAM bhI arhat parameSThI ko isI apekSA se prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| ve hI jagat ke Asanna upakArI hai| yadyapi siddha paramAtmA parama vizuddha hai, kintu loka kalyANa hetu ve asamartha hai| jJAna kA mArga nirdezana karane meM akSama hai| ataH arhat ko siddhApekSA prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| yahA~ taka ki namaskAra mahAmantra meM bhI sarvaprathama unako hI namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| (ba) paMcakalyANaka tIrthaGkara ke hI kalyANaka mahotsava hote haiM, kevalI ke nhiiN| ye paMca kalyANaka nimna haiM1. cyavana kalyANaka (garbha kalyANaka) arhat jaba devavimAna se cyavita hokara mAtA ke garbha meM avataraNa karate haiM, 1. (a) "paMca mahAkalyANa savvesiM jiNANa havaMti niymenn|" paMcAzaka (hari.) 424. (ba) jassa kammamudaeNa jIvo paMca mahAkallANANi pAvidUNa tittha duvAlasaMgaM kuNadi taM titthayara naam| dhavalA 13/5,101/366/7 gommaTa sAra jIvakANDa TIkA 381/6

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(59) use cyavana kalyANaka kahA jAtA hai| isa samaya zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra unakI mAtA caudaha aura digambara paramparA ke anusAra vaha solaha svapna dekhakara jAgRta hotI hai| evaM indrAdi devagaNoM ke sAtha tathA narendra (pitA) Adi unake garbhAvataraNa kA mahotsava manAte haiN|' 2. janma kalyANaka. ___ jaina mAnyatAnusAra jaba arhat parameSThI kA janma hotA hai, taba devaloka se indAdi devagaNoM se parivRtta hokara janma mahotsava karate haiN| sUtikarma Adi dikakumArikAe~ karatI haiN| usake pazcAt unako merU parvata para le jAkara vahA~ unakA janmAbhiSeka kiyA jAtA hai| isa janma kalyANaka kA savistAra varNana AcAraGga sUtra meM evaM jambUdvIpa prajJapti meM diyA gayA hai| isI prakAra rAjapraznIya sUtra meM to yahA~ taka ullekhita hai ki sabhI prakAra ke devoM kI yaha AcAra paramparA hai ki unake mahotsavAdi meM ve arhata/tIrthaGkara kI paryupAsanA kreN| deva-devendrAdika ke atirikta isa loka meM jahA~-jahA~ arhat parameSThI kA jaba-jaba janma hotA hai, taba suranarAdi unake parigaNa bhI janmotsava khUba ullAsa se karate haiN| 3.dIkSAkalyANaka___ arhat parameSThI ke dIkSAkAla ke eka varSa pUrva hI lokAntika deva upasthita hote haiM, aura pravrajyA hetu unase prArthanA karate haiN| yaha bhI lokAntika devoM kI AcAra paramparA hai| arhat parameSThI eka varSa taka dAna dete haiM, jise varSIdAna kahA jAtA hai| ve isa varSIdAna meM karor3o svarNa mudrAoM kA dAna karate haiN| jisa dina ve dIkSA grahaNa karate haiM, taba deva-devendrAdi Akara unakA abhiniSkramaNa mahotsava karate haiN| ve vizeSa pAlakI meM ArUDha hokara vanakhaNDa kI ora jAte haiM, jahA~ apane vastrAbhUSaNa tyAga kara paMcamuSThi loca kara dIkSita hote haiN| yaha niyama hai ki tIrthaGkara svayaMbuddha haiM, kisI se bhI bodhi prApta nahIM krte| tAtparya yaha hai ki unheM kisI guru ke pAsa jJAnArjana hetu jAnA nahIM par3atA aura na hI guru se vairAgya kI prApti hotI hai| ataH ve svayaM hI siddha parameSThI ko namaskAra karake vrata aMgIkAra kara dIkSita hote haiN| ve svayaM jJAnI hote haiN| dIkSA grahaNa ke pazcAt usI samaya unako manaH paryava jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai| 1. kalpasUtra 15-71. 2. AcA. 2.15.11, 2.15,26-29, kalpa. 97 3. jambUdvIpa prajJapti-paMcama, dvitIya vakSaskAra 4. rAjapraznIyasUtra-14-67 5. kalpasUtra 110-114, AcA. 2.15,1-6 6. AcArAMga-2.15, jambUdvIpa pra. dvi.va.pR. 65-69, jJAtA-1.8.209

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(60) kaivalya kalyANaka arhat parameSThI dIkSita hone ke pazcAt ugra sAdhanA meM tallIna ho jAte haiN| parISahoM evaM upasargoM ko sahana karate hue niHzeSa karma rAzi ko dhvaMsa karake kevala jJAna prApta karate haiN| kevalajJAna ke utpanna hone ke pazcAt usa samaya bhI svarga se devagaNa-evaM indragaNa Akara kaivalya mahotsava karate haiN| aSTa prAtihArya yukta samavasaraNa (dharma sabhA-sthala) kI racanA karate haiN| ratnajar3ita isa samavasaraNa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM cAhe jitane loga ho sarva samA jAte haiN| arthAt usakI vizeSatA hai ki vaha jana samudAya ke anusAra choTA yA bar3A ho jAtA hai| isameM bAraha pariSad isa prakAra baiThatI hai ki koI kisI ke Ar3e nahIM aataa| sarva ko arhat prabhu ke mukhAravinda ke darzana ke sAtha dharmazravaNa kA lAbha milatA hai| nirvANa kalyANaka jisa samaya arhat parameSThI kA nirvANa hotA hai (nidhana hotA hai) usa samaya unakA parinirvANotsava karane hetu deva-devendra manuSyaloka meM Ate haiN| usa samaya unake deha kA agni saMskAra Adi kriyA karma devendra manuSyoM ke sAtha karate haiN| tathA unake zeSa asthi Adi ko kSIra samudra meM pravAhita kara dete haiN| isa prakAra arhat parameSThI ke paMcakalyANaka hote haiN| ina pAMcoM kalyANakoM meM mahotsava karane ke lie deva-devendra manuSyoM ke sAtha upasthita hote haiN| (sa) atizaya-vacanAtizaya sAmAnyatayA atizaya svayaM hI apanA artha prakaTa karatA hai| kumArapAlacaritra meM zreSThatA', mahApurANa meM mahimA, prabhAva', surasuMdarIcaritra meM bahula, atyanta', upadezaratnAkara meM camatkAra, vAcaspatikoza meM atireka', prakarSabhAva ke artha ko pragaTa karatA hai| abhidhAna cintAmaNi, meM kathana hai-jisake kAraNa tIrthaGkara jagat meM zreSTha sAbita hote haiM, vaha atizaya hai| 1. kumA. ca. 1,5 2. mahApurANa 3. surasundarI cariya 4. upa. ratnA, 1,3 5. vAca. koza 6. abhi. cintAmaNi. 57-58

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(61) sAmAnyatayA jainAcAryoM ne cAra mUla atizayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - 1. jJAnAtizaya 2. vacanAtizaya 3. apAyApagamAtizaya 4. pUjAtizaya 1. jJAnAtizaya kevalajJAna athavA sarvajJatA kI upalabdhi hI jJAnAtizaya mAnA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM arhat/tIrthaGkara sarvajJa hote haiM, ve sabhI dravyoM kI bhUtakAlika, vartamAnakAlika tathA bhaviSyakAlika sabhI paryAyoM ke jJAtA hote haiN| arthAt ve trikAlajJa hote haiN| isa prakAra arhat kA anantajJAna yukta honA hI jJAnAtizaya hai| 2. vacanAtizaya yathArtha, abAdhita aura akhaNDanIya siddhAnta kA pratipAdana arhat/tIrthaGkara kA vacanAtizaya kahA gayA hai| ina vacanAtizaya ke prakArAntara se paiMtIsa atizaya bhI upalakSaNa se kahe gaye haiN| 3. apAyApagamAtizaya___samasta mala evaM doSoM se rahita honA apAyApagamAtizaya hai| arhat parameSThI aTThAraha doSoM se rahita hote haiN| 4. pUjAtizaya deva, asura, tiryaJja, manuSyoM dvArA pUjita honA arhat parameSThI kA pUjAtizaya hai| jaina paramparA arhat ko deva-devendroM se bhI pUjanIya mAnya karatI hai| - isa prakAra mala meM cAra atizaya hai| anya jo 34 atizaya samavAyAGga satra meM varNita hai, una uttara bhedoM ko jainAcAryoM ne tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai ka. sahaja atizaya kha. karmakSayaja atizaya ga. devakRta atizaya zvetAmbara paraMparA 1. sahaja atizaya cAra, 2. karmakSayaja atizaya gyAraha tathA 1. anntvijnyaanmtiitdossmbaadhysiddhaantmmrtypuujym-anyyogvyvchedikaa| (hemacandra) 2. samavAya. 34

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(62) 3. devakRta atizaya unnIsa svIkAra karatI hai| jaba ki digambara paraMparA inheM bhinna rUpeNa mAnya karatI hai a. janma ke atizaya ba. kevalajJAna ke atizaya sa. devakRta atizaya ina atizayoM kI saMkhyA meM bhI bhinnatA hai| digambara paramparA meM 1. janma ke atizaya dasa, 2. kevalajJAna ke atizaya, gyAraha tathA devakRta atizaya teraha mAnya karate haiN| - aba hama donoM ke svarupa ko dekheM(ka) sahaja atizaya 1. sundara rupa, sugandhita, niroga, pasInA evaM malarahita shriir| 2. kamala ke samAna sugandhita shvaasocchvaas| 3. gau dugdha ke sadRza svaccha, durgandha rahita mA~sa aura ruudhir| 4. carmacakSuoM se AhAra aura nIhAra kA na dikhnaa| (kha) karmakSayaja atizaya 1. yojanamAtra samavasaraNa meM koDAkroDI deva, manuSya aura tiryaJcoM kA samA jaanaa| 2. eka yojana taka phailane vAlI bhagavan kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA yukta vANI ko manuSya, tiryazca aura devatAoM dvArA apanI bhASA meM samajha lenaa| 3. sUrya prabhA se bhI tejasvI prabhAmaMDala kA sira ke pIche honaa| 4. sau yojana taka roga na honaa| 5. vaira kA na rhnaa| 6. Iti arthAt dhAnya Adi ko nAza karane vAle cUhoM Adi kA abhaav| 7. mahAmArI Adi kA na honaa| 8. ativRSTi na honaa| 9. anAvRSTi na honaa| 1. tiloyapaNNati 896-914, jaMbUdvIvapaNNattisaMgaho 13/93-114.2 darzana pAhuDa TI. 35.28

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(63) 10. durbhikSa na pdd'naa| 11. svacakra aura paracakra kA bhaya honaa| (ga) devakRta. atizaya 1. AkAza meM dharmacakra kA honaa| 2. AkAza meM caMvaroM kA honaa| 3. AkAza meM pAdapITha sahita ujjvala siNhaasn| 4. AkAza meM tIna chtr| 5. AkAza meM ratnamaya dhrmdhvj| 6. svarNa kamaloM para clnaa| 7. samavasaraNa meM ratna, suvarNa aura cAMdI ke tIna prkotte| 8. caturmukha upadeza 1. caityavRkSa 10. kaNTakoM kA adhomukha honaa| 11. vRkSoM kA jhuknaa| 12. dundubhi bjnaa| 13. anukUla vaayu| 14. gandhodaka kI vRsstti| 15. pakSiyoM kA pradakSiNA denaa| 16. pA~ca vargoM ke puSpoM kI vRsstti| 17. nakha aura kezoM kA na bddh'naa| 18. kama se kama eka koTi devoM kA pAsa meM honaa| 19. RtuoM kA anukUla honaa| digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM donoM kI saMkhyA meM bhI bhinnatA hai| 1. 1. samayAva 34 2. niyamAsAra 71, tattvAnuzAsana 123-128, kriyA kalApa 3-1/1

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(64) vacanAtizaya jainAgamoM meM paitIsa vacanAtizayoM ke ullekha milate haiN| saMskRta TIkAkAroM ne prakArAntara se granthoM meM pratipAdita vacana ke paiMtIsa guNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| samavAya aMga meM isakA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| atizaya ananta bhI kahe jA sakate haiMjisa prakAra nizItha cUrNi nAmaka grantha meM arhat bhagavan ke 1008 bAhya lakSaNoM ko upalakSaNa mAnakara sattvAdi antaraGga lakSaNoM ko anaMta kahA gayA hai, usI prakAra upalakSaNa se atizayoM ko parimita mAnakara bhI unako ananta kahA jA sakatA hai| isameM koI zAstra virodha nahIM hai| aisA syAdvAda maMjarI nAmaka grantha meM spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (da) nirdoSa vyaktitva jaina paramparA arhat parameSThI ko aTThAraha dUSaNoM se rahita mAnya karatI hai| ye doSa nimna haiM-1. dAnAntarAya, 2. lAbhAntarAya, 3. vIryAntarAya, 4. bhogAntarAya,5. upabhogAntarAya, 6.mithyAtva,7. ajJAna, 8. avirati,9. kAmecchA, 10. hAsya, 11. rati, 12. arati, 13.zoka, 14.bhaya, 15. jugupsA, 16. rAga, 17. dveSa, 18. nidraa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM prakArAntara se unheM nimna 18 doSoM se rahita bhI kahA hai 1.hiMsA, 2. mRSAvAda, 3. corI, 4. kAmakrIr3A, 5. hAsya, 6.rati,7. arati, 8. zoka, 9. bhaya, 10. krodha, 11. mAna, 12. mAyA, 13. lobha, 14. mada, 15. matsara, 16. ajJAna, 17. nidrA, 18. prem| __ zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM meM arhat ko jina doSoM se rahita mAnA gayA hai, usameM mUlabhUta antara yaha hai ki digambara paraMparA arhat ke kavalAhAra (bhojanagrahaNa) kA niSedha karatI hai, vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA nhiiN| isIlie vahA~ kSudhA aura tRSA kA abhAva svIkAra kiyA gayA, zvetAmbara paramparA meM nahIM hai| arhat pada kI yogyatA meM hetu arhat pada prApti ke lie jIva ko vartamAna janma se pUrva ke tRtIya bhava (janma) meM viziSTa sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai| jainAgamoM meM arhat pada prApti ke lie 1. paNatIsaM saccavayaNAisesAM paNNatA-samavAya 35 2. syAdvAda maMjarI 18/4 3. rAjendraabhidhAna koza pR. 2248

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(65) isa yogyatA ke lie viziSTa sAdhanAoM ko mAnya kiyA hai, parantu inakI saMkhyA meM kucha matabheda hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM meM yaha saMkhyA 20 ullikhata hai, to tattvArtha sUtra meM 16 / isa tattvArtha ke AdhAra para digambara paraMparA bhI arhat/tIrthaGkara nAmakarma urpAjana hetu 16 pada kI sAdhanAoM ko mAnya karatI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya bIsa sthAnaka pada nimna hai 1. arhat 2. siddha 3. pravacana 4. guru 5. sthavira 6. bahuzruta 7. tapasvI 8. jJAna 9. darzana 10. vinaya 11. Avazyaka 12. niraticAra 13. kSaNalava 14.tapa 15. tyAga 16. vaiyAvRtya 17. samAdhi 18 jJAnavRddhi 19. zrutabhakti 20. pravacana prbhaavnaa| Avazyaka niyukti-cUrNi' (Ava. ni. pR. 134-135), jJAtAdharmakathAGga (jJAtAdharma. 1.8.18), pravacana sAroddhAra (prava.sAro, 882-903), triSaSThI zalAkA puruSa (10.1.229) meM inhIM bIsa sthAnakoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jo bhI arhat/tIrthaGkara hoMge, unake lie Avazyaka hai, tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kA tRtIya bhava meM upArjana krnaa| zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paraMparA meM isa tathya ko to mAnya kiyA hI hai| kintu ina saMkhyAoM meM matabheda haiN| tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne ina padoMkA samAveza 16 padoM meM hI kara diyA hai| baMdhahetu ke 16 pada nimna haiM 1. darzana vizuddhi-vItarAga kathita tattvoM meM nirmala aura dRr3ha ruci| 2. vinaya sampannatA-mokSamArga aura usake sAdhanoM ke prati samucita aadrbhaav| 3. zIlavratAnaticAra-ahiMsA, satyAdi mUlavrata tathA unake pAlana meM upayogI abhigraha Adi dUsare niyama yA zIla ke pAlana meM pramAda na krnaa| 4. abhISThA jJAnopayoga-tattva viSayaka jJAna prApti meM sadaiva prayatnazIla rhnaa| 5. abhIkSya saMvega-sAMsArika bhogoM se jo vAstava meM sukha ke sthAna para duHkha ke hI sAdhana banate haiM, Darate rhnaa| 6. yathAzakti tyAga-apanI alpatama zakti ko bhI binA chipAe AhAra dAna, abhayadAna, jJAnadAna Adi vivekapUrvaka karate rhnaa| 1. Ava. ni. pR. 134-135 2. jJAtAdharma 1.8.18 3. prava. sAro 882-903 4. triSaSThI za. 10.1.229

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(66) 7. yathAzakti tapa-zakti chipAe binA vivekapUrvaka hara taraha kI sahanazIlatA kA abhyaas| 8. saMgha sAdhu samAdhikaraNa-caturvidha saMgha aura vizeSakara sAdhuoM ko samAdhi pahu~cAnA arthAt aisI kriyA jisase ve svastha rheN| 9. vaiyAvRttyakaraNa-koI bhI guNI yadi kaThinAI meM par3a jAya to usa samaya yogya DhaMga se usakI kaThinAI dUra karane kA prayAsa krnaa| ___10-13. catuHbhakti-arhat, AcArya, bahuzruta aura zAstra-ina cAroM meM zuddha niSThApUrvaka anurAga rkhnaa| ____ 14. Avazyaka parihANi-sAmAyika Adi SaD AvazyakoM ko, anuSThAna ko bhAva se na chodd'naa| 15. mokSamArga prabhAvanA-abhimAna tajakara jJAnAdi mokSamArga ko jIvana meM utAranA tathA dUsaroM ko upadeza dekara prabhAva bddh'aanaa| 16. pravacana vAtsalya-jaise gAya bachar3e para sneha rakhatI haiM, vaise hI jagat ke saba prANiyoM para niSkAma sneha rkhnaa| ___ isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra meM ye 16 baMdha-hetu arhat pada prApti meM Avazyaka kahe haiN| yadi hama donoM baMdhahetuoM ko tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekheM to kucha sAmAnya hI antara dikhAI par3atA hai| catuHbhakti meM vahA~7 pada bhakti ke lie prayukta kiye gye| isa prakAra tIna pada ye vizeSa haiN| ina donoM hI hetuoM meM kucha sAmyatA ke lie hue haiM to kucha nAma se vaissmy| arthataH donoM meM kahIM na kahI sAmyatA dRSTigocara ho hI jAtI hai| para itanA to avazya kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki isa pada kI prApti ke lie viziSTa ArAdhanA-sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| apane AtmotthAna ke lie dharma se abhipreta anya anuSThAnAdi avazya karaNIya hai| yahA~ dRSTi Atma sApekSa hI nahIM, varan paropakAra, para sevA, sApekSa hai| parahitasApekSa AnaMda hI Atma-ArAdhanA meM vizeSa bala detA hai| karma kSaya meM sahAyaka hotA hai| AtmA jaba parAtmalakSI hotA hai, tabhI svakArya siddhi meM agrasara ho pAtA hai| svArthayukta dRSTi saMkIrNatA kI dyotaka hai to paramArthatA paramapada prApti meM hetu banate haiN| yaha paramArtha dRSTi prANI mAtra ko apane saMkula meM le letI hai| tabhI bhAvanA ullasita hotI hai 'savi jIva karUM zAsana rasI' 1. tattvArthasUtra 6.23 vive. paM. sukhalAlajI

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(67) prANImAtra ko dharma mArga meM, mokSa mArga meM agrasara kara duuN| sarva jIva karma bandhanoM se, daHkha se: pIDA se mukta ho aura zAzvata sukha ko prApta kreN| ina padoM kI ArAdhanA meM arhat kI AtmA itanA tallIna ho jAtI hai ki parahita meM hI svahita anusyUta hone lagatA hai| jagat kI sarva AtmA meM Atmadarzitva bhAva samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha AtmasamadarzitvabhAva hI paramAtmasamadarzitva bhAva ko puSTa karatA hai| Atmasamadarzitva bhAva-paramAtmasamadarzitva bhAva AtmasAt tabhI ho sakate haiM jaba sarva jIvoM ke prati vAtasalyabhAva ho| sarva jIvoM ke hita kI ciMtA ho, Atmaupamya dRSTi ho| yaha Atmasamadarzitva bhAva taba taka pragaTa nahIM hotA, jaba taka jIvamAtra ke prati zubha kI kAmanA, hita kI bhAvanA, maMgala kalyANa kI kAmanA jAgRta na ho| isa prakAra sakala jIvarAzi ke jIvoM ko paramamitra svarUpa mAnakara unake saba duHkhoM kA nAza ho, ve parama sukhake bhoktA bane ityAdi bhAvanA ke dvArA 'savi jIva karuM zAsana rasI-aisI bhAvadayA mana ullasI' yaha bhAvanA bhAvita karake arhat/tIrthaGkara nAmakarma pada kA upArjana karate haiN| kyoMki arhat kI AtmA meM sarva jIvoM ke prati hita kA bhAva parama parAkASThA para sthira huA hai| isI kAraNa arhat ko sArva kahA jAtA hai| yaha hitAzaya bhAva samatva kI prApti ke lie sarvajIva hitAzaya hai| saccidAnanda prApti hetu sarvajIvahitAzaya hai| sva para bheda nAzaka hitAzaya bhAva hai| vaiSamya nAzaka sarvajIva hitAzaya hai| kaSAya mocaka, adhyavasAya (pariNAma-vicAra) vizodhaka hai, zAntipradAyaka hai| svArthanAzaka tathA tiraskArabhAva nAzaka hokara, samatA svarUpa, vizvavAtsalyabhAva hone se sarva jIva viSayaka sneha pariNAma, maitrI ko puSTa karatA hai| yaha sneha pariNAma hI lokottara dayA ko pragaTa karatA hai| jIvamAtra ke prati karuNA kA prAgaTya hI hita ke lie kalyANa ke lie prerita karatA hai| saba jIvoM ke prati unakI dRSTi paramAtma svarUpa hone se maMgalakArI arhat pada prApti svarUpa tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kA baMdha hotA hai| isa prakAra ye pada arhat pada kI yogyatA meM sahAyaka hote haiN| (6) lokamaMgala kI udAtta bhAvanA jaisA ki gata pRSToM meM hamane dekhA ki arhat parameSThI ke aNu aNu meM prANImAtra ke prati bhAva dayA ke pariNAma ullasita hote haiN| ve pariNAma unake loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA ke paricAyaka hai| duHkha se saMtapta isa saMskAra ko kaise ubArA

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(68) jAya? isa karuNA se abhibhUta una arhat paramAtmA ne upadeza ke mAdhyama se parivartana kiyaa| unakA svayaM kA hI aisA atizaya thA ki unake snehila sAmIpya meM prANI-mAtra nivaira ho jAte the| yaha rUpAntaraNa unakI loka maMgala kI udAtta bhAvanA ko dyotika karatA hai| manobhAvanA dvArA vyaktitva rUpAntaraNa Aja taka manuSya kI jo pratimA banI hai, manuSya aura pazu ke bIca jo bheda rekhA khIMcI gaI hai, usameM mahattvapUrNa dhAraNA hai-hRdaya kA parivartana / manovijJAna kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki anya koI bhI prANI hRdaya parivartana karanA nahIM jaantaa| bar3e se bar3A aklamaMda pazu bhI hRdaya parivartana karanA nahIM jaantaa| mAtra manuSya hI eka aisA prANI hai jo hRdaya parivartana karanA jAnatA hai| usane hRdaya-parivartana ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI hai aura usakA prayoga bhI kiyA hai| manuSya ne apanI maulika manovRttiyoM kA pariSkAra kiyA hai| manovijJAna ke sadaMrbha meM hRdaya parivartana kA artha ho sakatA hai-maulika manovRttiyoM kA prisskaar| jo maulika manovRttiyoM kA pariSkAra hai, vaha cetanA kA parivartana hai, hRdaya kA parivartana hai| dizA badala jAnA, sAdhAraNa bAta nhiiN| AdamI eka dizA meM calatA hai to eka hI prakAra kA AcaraNa aura vyavahAra hotA hai| jaba dizA badalI hai, taba sArI sthitiyA~ badala jAtI hai, AcaraNa aura vyavahAra badala jAtA hai| manuSya eka aisA prANI hai, jisane dRSTi ko badalA hai, maulika vRttiyoM kA pariSkAra kiyA hai, hRdaya kA parivartana kiyA hai, mana kA parivartana kiyA hai, cetanA kA rUpAntaraNa kiyA hai| ina sAre saMdarbho se kahA jA sakatA hai ki manuSya kI sabase bar3I upalabdhi hai hRdaya kA privrtn| 1.hRdaya parivartana kA pahalA sUtra hai-aatmaanushaasn|jb taka AtmAnuzAsana kA vikAsa nahIM hotA, taba taka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki hRdaya parivartana ghaTita huA hai| vAstava meM hRdaya parivartana eka armUta kriyA hai hamArI cetanA kii| use dekhA to nahIM jA sakatA, kintu AtmAnuzAsana ke vikAsa ko dekhakara mAna sakate haiM ki isa vyakti kA hRdaya parivartana ho gayA hai| AtmAnuzAsana kA vikAsa samAja aura sAmAjika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA eka mahattvapUrNa avadAna hai| AtmAnuzAsana ke binA ahiMsA kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| ahiMsA kA pUrA vikAsa / AtmAnuzAsana ke AdhAra para huA hai|

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(69) 2. hRdaya parivartana kA dUsarA sUtra hai-abhaya kA vikaas| abhaya ke binA ahiMsA kI kalpanA nahIM jA sktii| bhaya eka maulika manovRtti hai| Dara samUce jIvana meM vyApta hai| AdamI ko atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya tInoM kAloM kA bhaya satAtA rahatA hai| smRti, cintana aura kalpanA karake vaha DaratA hai| Dara manuSya ke jIvana meM kSaNa-kSaNa meM sAtha calatA hai, kintu manuSya ne vikAsa kiyA abhaya kaa| usane isa dizA meM itanA vikAsa kiyA ki na use kAla kA bhaya rahatA hai, na deza kA bhaya rahA aura na mRtyu kA bhaya rhaa| sAdhanA karate-karate itanA vikAsa ho jAtA hai ki bhaya zabda samApta ho jAtA hai| AdamI ne una sAMpoM ke sAtha, hiMsra pazuoM ke sAtha bhI maitrI sthApita kI jo AdamI ko mArakara khA jAte the| jinakA nAma sunate hI AdamI kAMpa uThatA thaa| isa prakAra maitrI kA vikAsa kiyA, abhaya kA vikAsa kiyaa| jaise-jaise jIvana meM ahiMsA, abhaya aura maitrI kA vikAsa hotA hai, sabhI prANI mitra bana jAte haiN| __ manuSya ne apanI sAdhanA aura abhaya kI vRtti ke dvArA aisI taraMgoM ko nirmita kiyA hai, taraMgoM ko phailAyA hai ki unakI sannidhi meM bhUkhe pazu bhI AkramaNa nahIM karate aura bhayAkrAnta pazu bhI AkrAmaka nahIM hote| ve svayaM abhaya banakara pAsa meM Akara baiTha jAte haiN| jaba dhyAna kI razmiyA~, rAga-dveSa mukta cetanA kI razmiyA~ vikIrNa hotI hai, taba sAmane vAle vyakti kA bhaya samApta ho jAtA hai| hamane aneka citroM meM zera aura bakarI ko eka ghATa para sAtha-sAtha pAnI pIte dekhA hai| yaha abhaya kA pratIka hai| yaha pratIka hai nirmala cittadhArA kaa| jaba citta kI dhArA nirmala hotI hai, vItarAgatA kA vikAsa hotA hai, taba aisI ghaTanAeM svAbhAvika bana jAtI hai| ___ 3. hRdaya parivartana kA tIsarA sUtra hai-sahiSNutA kA vikaas| sahiSNutA kA phalita hai-zAnti / yadi sahiSNutA nahIM to zAMti ho hI nahIM sktii| sahiSNutA kA artha hai-eka-dUsare kA sahana krnaa| bhinna vicAra, bhinna AcAra, bhinna saMskAra, bhinna ruci, saba kA kucha bhinna hai| itanI bhinnatA hone para bhI zAMtipUrNa saha-astitva ho jaanaa| kahIM koI kaThinAI nahIM honaa| sardI-garmI, adhaMkAra aura prakAza, Aga-pAnI saba eka sAtha raha sakate haiN| virodhI tattvoM kA sahaavasthAna ho sakatA hai| anekAnta siddhAnta kI sabase bar3I phalazruti hai-virodhI yugaloM kA eka sAtha rhnaa| yahI anekAnta kI mUla AdhArabhUmi hai| jaba sahiSNutA

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(70) kA vikAsa hotA hai, taba kalaha, kadAgraha samApta ho jAtA hai| taba yaha socane kA avasara milatA hai, maiM use samajhU, vaha mujhe smjhe| maiM usakA sahana karUM, vaha merA sahana kre| jaba eka-dUsare ko sahane kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa hotA hai, taba zAMtipUrNa saha-astitva phalita hotA hai aura isa prakAra sahiSNutA ke vikAsa dvArA zAMtipUrNa saha-astitva kA vikAsa huaa| 4. hRdaya parivartana kA cauthA sUtra hai-karuNA kA vikAsa__ manuSya ke hRdaya meM karuNA-dayA-anukampA hotI hai| pazu samAja meM kvacit karuNA kA udAharaNa mila bhI jAtA hai, parantu sabhI pazuoM meM karuNA kA vikAsa nahIM dekhA jaataa| manuSya kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usane karuNA kA vikAsa kiyA hai| karuNA kI pratiSThA kara usako mahAn mUlya diyA hai| __ hRdaya parivartana honA yaha mahAn upalabdhi hai, manuSya kii| arhat parameSThI kA yaha atizaya hai ki unakI sannidhi meM manuSya hI nahIM prANI mAtra nivaira ho jAtA hai| yaha unakI lokamaMgala kI udAtta bhAvanA kA hI suphala hai| unake samavasaraNa (dharmasabhA sthala) meM prANI mAtra ko sthAna prApta thaa| sabhI usa samavasaraNa meM dharma zravaNa karane ke adhikArI the| isa prakAra hRdaya parivartana ke sUtroM se hamane dekhA ki jaba vItarAgatA carama sImA para pahuMca jAtI hai, taba vyaktitva rUpAntaraNa svayameva hI ho jAyA karatA hai| itihAsa isakA sAkSI hai| arhat parameSThI ke sannikaTa pahuMce prANImAtra meM rUpAntaraNa hue binA nahIM rhtaa| yahA~ taka ki anicchA se bhI yadi unakA dharmopadeza zravaNa karanA par3A ho to bhI vaha usake Atma-vikAsa hetu parivartana kI dizA meM atyanta sahAyaka siddha huA hai| phalataH AcAra, vicAra, vyavahAra sabhI pahaluoM meM rupAntaraNa kI jhalaka dikhAI detI hai| parivartana ke sAtha sarvaprathama Avazyaka hai ki cittavRttiyoM meM parivartana ho| jaba taka mana ke pariNAma/adhyavasAyoM meM parivartana nahIM AegA, taba taka vyavahAra pakSa bhI samujjvala nahIM bana skegaa| etadartha arhat parameSThI ke samavasaraNa meM sarva prANiyoM ke vaira-bhAva kA zamana ho jAnA, yaha unake apratima mAhAtmya ko iMgita karatA hai| unakI vANI-upadeza-Agama to dUra kI bAta unakA sahavAsa, unakI sthiti evaM unakA astitva hI rupAntaraNa ke lie eka bahuta bar3I upalabdhi hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, mada, matsaratA, abhimAna Adi doSoM kA apagama hokara sukha-zAMti samAdhi Adi guNoM kI pratiSThApanA ho jAtI hai|

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(71) manovijJAna mAtra manuSya ke mana-hRdaya ke parivartana ko svIkAra karatA hai, jabaki arhat prabhu kA atizaya bahula vyaktitva prANI mAtra meM vaicArika zuddhatA kA dvArodghATana karatI hai| arhat mahAvIra parameSThI dvArA bhaMyakara viSadhara caMDakauzika ko bodha, arhat munisuvrata dvArA azvAvabodha Adi anake aitihAsika saMdarbho se yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| aneka aise bhI pramANa upalabdha hote haiM, jinameM mAtra parameSThI padoM kA nAma smaraNa hI itanA prabhAvaka hai, to unakA darzana, unakA upadeza kA prabhAvotpAdaka honA atizayokti nhiiN| isa prakAra arhat parameSThI kI loka maMgala kI udAtta bhAvanA mana-hRdaya tathA vyaktitva rUpAntaraNa meM AmUla-cUla parivartana lAkara sAdhanA mArga meM, satya patha para ArUr3ha karatI hai| kalyANa kAmanA ko prasphuTita karatI huI antarabhAvanA AsurI vRttiyoM ke nAza meM sahAyaka siddha hokara amRtatva kA saMcAra karatI hai| kaSAya-viSaya vikAroM se utpIr3ita jana mAnasa, rAga dveSa kA nAza hone se dharmAcaraNa meM prerita hotA hai| svahita aura parahita meM tatpara ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra arhat parameSThI sadpravRttiyoM meM prerita aura duSpravRttiyoM se nivRtti dilAkara sukha aura zAnti kA sAmrAjya sthApita karate haiN| (2) dharmasaMsthApanA 'paritrANAya sAdhUnAM vinAzAya ca duSkRtAm' dvArA dharma kI sthApanA na karake usake sthAna para ahiMsAdi paMcamahAvratoM ke pAlana dvArA hiMsAdi duSTatA kA nAza tathA loka kalyANa evaM vizvamaitrI ke lie dharmasaMsthApanA jaba bhI kisI dharma pravartaka ke dvArA dharmasaMgha kI sthApanA hotI hai, vaha nizcita prayojana ko lakSya meM rakhakara hotI hai| hindu paramparA meM avatAra kA avataraNa nizcita prayojana ko lekara hotA hai to bauddha evaM jaina paramparA meM arhat bhI nizcita uddezya ko lekara hI isa dharA para avatIrNa hote haiN| itanA avazya hai ki avatAra kA avataraNa punaH punaH hotA rahatA hai, ve deva tattva se manuSya yA pazu ke rUpa meM avatIrNa hote haiM, kintu arhat usI bhava meM mukta ho jAte haiM evaM arhat manuSya deha meM hI ho sakate haiM, anya deha meM nhiiN| unakA purAgamana nahIM hotaa| dharma saMsthApanA bhI nizcita prayojana ko lekara hI hotI hai, isI hetu ke lie avatAra isa dharA para Ate haiM, hindu paramparA meM avatAra jagat kI rakSA ke lie punaH punaH pRthvI para pragaTa hote haiN| jaba-jaba AsurI tattvoM kA Adhikya ho jAtA hai,

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(72) evaM dharmatattvoM kA hrAsa hone lagatA hai, taba dharma kI rakSA hetu avatAra janma dhAraNa karate haiN| unakA prayojana duSToM kA nAza evaM sajjanoM kA trANa hai| isI AdhAra para ve dharma kI sthApanA karate haiN| - arhat parameSThI bhI dharma saMgha kI sthApanA to karate haiM, kintu unakI sthApanA prayojana bhinnatA ko lie hue haiN| ve loka kalyANa evaM vizvamaitrI ke lie dharma kI sthApanA karate haiN| jisakA mAdhyama hiMsA ke sthAna para ahiMsA kA pratiSThAna hai| ve jana-jana ke hRdaya meM, ahiMsA kI pratiSThA karake, vizvamaitrI kA prAgaTya manomastiSka meM karate haiN| unakA uddezya AsurI tattvoM kA nAza to hai, para vaha karttavyaniSTha nAza na hokara vyaktitva paraka asuratA kA nAza hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jana-jana ke hRdayagata AsurI vicAroM kA parivartana kara denaa| vaha parivartana ahiMsAdi paMcamahAvratoM ke pAlana dvArA loka kalyANa evaM vizvamaitrI ko sthApita karane ke lie hai| hindu paramparA meM dharma saMsthApanA ke lie avatArI puruSoM kA pRthvI para Ane kA ullekha hameM apane prAcIna granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| Rgveda meM 'bhU' zabda se viSNu kA tIna pAdoM ke krama kA ullekha hai, jisake kAraNa unako trivikrama kahA gayA hai| vahIM kucha mantroM meM viSNu ko jagat kA rakSaka evaM samasta dharmoM kA dhAraka kahA gayA hai| mahAkAvya kAla meM vAlmikI jI ne bhI viSNu ke avataraNa kA mukhya prayojana deva zatru kA vadha karanA kahA hai| kintu mAnasa meM gosvAmIjI ne avatAra rAma kA mukhya prayojana vipra, dhenu, sura, santa Adi sabhI ke nimitta asuroM kA vadha karanA kahA hai| mahAbhArata meM viSNu ko kRSNa ke rUpa meM avatAra lekara raNabhUmi meM dAnavoM aura daityoM kA saMhAra karate hue prastuta kiyaa| yahA~ spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki Apane sahasroM bAra avatAra dhAraNa karake adharma meM ruci rakhane vAle asuroM kA vadha kiyA hai| dharma kI rakSA evaM sthApanA ke lie Izvara vividha yoniyoM meM avatAra grahaNa karate haiM, yaha mAnyatA hai|' 1. Rgveda 1.22.16 2. vahI 1.22.18 3. vAlmikI rAmAyANa-1.15.25. 4. rAmacaritamAnasa 5. mahAbhArata Azvamedhika parva-54.13.16 6. vahI vanaparva 12.18-19,28 7. vahI 84.16

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(73) isI tathya kI puSTi gItA meM bhI kI gaI hai| dharma ke patana kA kAraNa asuroM kA utthAna kahA gayA hai| dharmotthAna ke lie avatAra Avazyaka hai| sAdhuoM ke paritrANa, duSToM ke vinAza aura dharma kI sthApanA ko yuga-yuga meM Avazyaka mAnya kiyA hai| viSNupurANa ne bhI aisA hI ullekha prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra vaidika mahAkAvya, mahAbhArata, gItA evaM viSNu purANa meM prApta ullekhoM se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki dharma sthApanA ke lie jaba-jaba pRthvI para adharma kA Adhipatya bar3hatA hai, sAdhuvarga pIr3ita hotA hai, durjana balavAna hote haiM, taba duSToM kA saMhAra karake AsurI zaktiyoM kA vinAza karane ke lie avatAra pratipala jAgRta rahate haiM evaM anya ko eka kSaNa mAtra bhI isameM pramAda na karane kA upadeza dete haiN| ___ jabaki jaina paramparA meM dharma saMsthApanA kA hetu isase pUrNatayA viparIta hai| kyoMki ahiMsA hI jinake mUla meM rahI hai, vahA~ prANi-vadha ko to avakAza hI nahIM hai| ahiMsAdi ke pAlana dvArA jIva-rakSA kA udbodha Agama zAstroM meM sarvatra dRSTigocara hotA hai| jIva-dayA kI pratipAlanA hetu saMyama patha para ArUr3ha hokara svayaM arhat prabhu udbodha dete haiN| ve svayaM isa pratipAlanA ke lie pratipala jAgRta rahate haiM evaM anya ko eka kSaNa mAtra bhI isameM pramAda na karane kA upadeza dete haiN| __ AcAraGga Adi sUtroM meM spaSTatayA hiMsAdi kA tyAma evaM ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM kI paripAlana kA ullekha hamane pUrva meM kara diyA hai| svayaM to hiMsA na kareM, kintu anyoM se hiMsAdi na krvaaye| yahA~ taka ki jo hiMsAdi karatA hai usakI anumodanA/prazaMsA bhI na kreN| isa prakAra atyanta sUkSmatA se mahAvratoM kI paripAlanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jisake mAdhyama se AsurI pravRttiyoM kA hI nAza ho jAtA hai| sukha aura zAMti jana-jana meM vyApta ho jAtI hai| phalataH loka kalyANa kI maMgala kAmanA kA saMcAra hotA hai| svArtha kA sthAna jaba paramArtha grahaNa kara letA hai| taba vizva maitrI ko vINA bajane lagatI hai| loka meM sukha aura caina kI vaMzI bajane se saMgharSa, pIr3A, krAnti kA nAmo nizAna nahIM rhtaa| yuddha aura saMgrAma kA vAtAvaraNa abhaya ke nAda guMjArava se samApta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra jahA~ brAhmaNa graMthoM meM dharma kI sthApanA ke lie avatAra kA avataraNa duSToM kA nAza evaM sajjanoM 1. yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhaart| abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyahaM // paritrANAya sAdhUnAM vinAzAya ca duSkRtAm / dharma saMsthApanArthAya sammavAmi yuge yuge|| gItA. 4.7-8 2. viSNupurANa 5.1.50

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(74) kA trANa hetu purassara hotA hai, vahA~ arhat parameSThI dvArA dharma saMgha kI pratiSThApanA lokakalyANa evaM vizvamaitrI kI bhAvanA se otaprota hokara kI jAtI hai| ( 3 ) 'bhUbhAraharaNa" nahIM apitu Atma svarAjya hetu 'muktivaraNa' duSToM kA saMhAra evaM sAdhuoM kA saMrakSaNa, isa hetu ke sAtha eka anya bhI prayojana avatAra kA hai| sRSTi kA sRjana evaM saMhAra donoM uddezya ko lekara hI avatAra kA janma hotA hai| mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM Alekhita hai ki 'parameSThI brahmA ne sarva prajAoM ko utpanna kiyaa| usameM daityoM, dAnavoM, gaMdhoM tathA rAkSasoM kI saMkhyA bhI bahuta hai| vAstava meM yaha pRthvI unake bhAra dvArA daba gaI hai| sAtha hI isa pRthvI para aneka daitya, dAnava, rAkSasa Adi bahula balavAn hoNge| kyoMki bhinna-bhinna tapazcaryA Adi karake uttama varadAna prApta kara leNge| phalasvarUpa ve garviSTa banakara devoM, RSiyoM aura tapodhanoM ko duHkha deNge| ataH isa kAraNa aneka svarUpa dhAraNa karake duSToM ko saMhAra karake, sajjanoM kA rakSaNa karake pRthvI kA bhAra halkA kruuN| yugoM-yugoM meM zarIra dhAraNa karake pRthvI kA rakSaNa kruuN|' __arhat parameSThI kA saMhAra vyakti paraka, duSparaka na hokara duSTatA, vyaktitva paraka hai| bhUbhAraharaNa hetu duSTatA kA nAza hokara mukti-varaNa ko prAdhAnya diyA gayA hai| duSTatA kA saMhAra, karmoM kA nAza hai| jaba karma zatruoM kA nAza hogA to karmoM se mukta hone para muktivaraNa hogaa| AtmA kA mokSa ho jaavegaa| jahA~ avataraNa kA uddezya bhU bhAra haraNa hetu saMhAra hai, vahA~ arhat kA Agamana bhI saMhAra hetu to hai kintu vaha saMhAra duSTatA kA hai| krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA, rAgadveSa kI pariNati kA, evaM ghAti-aghAti karmoM kA hai| karma-kSaya karake AtmasAmrAjya kI prApti hetu muktivadhU kA varaNa yahA~ apekSita hai| duSTa saMhAra meM AtmA kA adhogamana, durgati hotI hai jabaki karma-saMhAra ho jAne para cetanA kA urdhvArohaNa hokara mukti ho jAtI hai| itara darzanoM meM arhat viSayaka avadhAraNA___ jaina paraMparA ke mantavyAnusAra arhat parameSThI kI bhinna-bhinna paryAyeM haiM, yathAsarvajJa, jina, kevalI, tIrthaGkara aadi| yahA~ AdhyAtmika stara para sarvocca kakSA arhat parameSThI kI hai| jaina darzana ke atirikta anya darzanoM meM yaha kakSA kisa koTi kI hai? yahA~ prazna yaha uThatA hai ki anya dArzanika paramparA meM arhat kA 1. mahAbhArata zAMti parva 349/29-37

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(75) astitva hai yA nahIM ?.yadi anya dArzanika isakI avadhAraNA svIkAra karate haiM to kisa svarUpa meM ? jo avadhAraNA jaina paraMparA svIkAra karatI hai, anya darzanoM meM vaha svarUpa sthiti hai yA nahIM ? aba isa prakaraNa meM hama vibhinna dArzanika paraMparAoM ke antargata isa avadhAraNA kA tulanAtmaka anvekSaNa kreNge| 'arhat' pada darzana sAhitya meM do prakAra se vyavahata huA hai-1. divya/deva svarUpa meM 2. dharma saMsthApaka rUpa meN| brAhmaNa paraMparAntargata vaidika sAhitya meM arhat pada prayukti, prajApati, brahmA, agni Adi ko pUjya bhAva pragaTa karatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vaidika sAhitya meM arhat pada pUjya bhAva meM Alekhita hai, vaha devatAoM ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ anya rUr3ha artha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaba ki jaina paraMparA gata arhat viziSTa vyaktitva ko lie hue hai| arhat parameSThI mAnava deha dhArI hai, deva nhiiN| yadi brAhmaNa sAhitya meM isa stara ko dekhanA ho, to dharma saMsthApaka ke rUpa meM avatArI puruSoM kA vahA~ grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| hakIkata meM ye avatArI puruSa bhI daivIya aMza hI hai, ve hI jaba isa dharA para adharma ko sAmrAjya chA jAtA hai, taba punaH dharmasaMsthApanA hetu zAMti pravartana ke lie avatIrNa hote haiN| isa apekSA se unakA avataraNa punaH punaH isa dharA para hotA hai| jabaki jaina paraMparA mAnya arhat mAtra eka bAra hI tIrthaGkaratva ko prApta kara tadbhava mokSagAmI hote haiN| __ brAhmaNa paraMparA vedAnugAmI hai| veda-anugAmI bhI aneka darzana pallavita hue| usameM mAtra mImAMsA darzana ke atirikta anya vedAnta, nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga Adi darzanoM ne avatAra ko mAnya kiyA hai| mImAMsA darzana to sarvajJatA se hI inkAra karatA hai| sarvajJa koI nahIM ho sakatA yaha unakA atyAgraha hai| yadyapi sarvajJatva ke nAstipakSakAra mukhyatayA tIna hai-cArvAka, ajJAnavAdI evaM puurvmiimaaNsk| ___ cArvAka indriyagamya bhautika lokamAtra ko mAnatA hai| isaliye usake mata meM atIndriya AtmA tathA usakI zakti rUpa sarvajJatva ke lie koI sthAna hI nhiiN| ___ ajJeyavAdI kA abhiprAya Adhunika vaijJAnikoM kI taraha aisA jAna par3atA hai ki jJAna aura atIndriya jJAna kI bhI eka antima sImA hotI hai| jJAna kitanA hI ucca kakSA kA kyoM na ho, para traikAlika sabhI sthUla-sUkSma bhAvoM ko pUrNa rUpa se jAnane meM svabhAva se hI asamartha hai| arthAt anta meM kucha na kucha ajJeya raha hI jAtA hai| kyoMki jJAna kI zakti hI svabhAva se parimita hai|

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(76) vedavAdI pUrvamImAMsaka AtmA, punarjanma, paraloka Adi atIndriya padArthoM kA astitva svIkAra karatA hai| vaha apaurUSeyavAdI hone se veda ke apauruSeyatva meM bAdhaka aise kisI bhI atIndriya jJAna ko mAna nahIM sktaa| isI ekamAtra abhiprAya se usane veda nirapekSa sAkSAt sarvajJa yA dharmajJa ke astitva kA virodha kiyaa| veda dvArA dharmAdharma yA sarva padArthaka jAnane vAle kA niSedha nahIM kiyaa| hindu paramparAgata avatAravAda aura arhat yadyapi brAhmaNa paraMparA mAnya vaidika sAhitya meM arhat pada prayukti bahalatA se prApya hai, tathApi yaha prayukti mAtra pUjanIya''prazaMsanIya' artha meM hI abhivyakta hotI hai| yaha pUjya bhAva daivIya aMza ke lie hI nihita hai, jo ki prajApati, agni, indra Adi ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM yAjJika kriyAkANDoM ke avasara para pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| 'dharmapravartaka'- dharmasaMsthApaka ke rUpa meM brAhmaNa sAhitya meM avatArI puruSottama kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| vAstava meM yaha avataraNa daivIya aMzoM kA hI hai| jaba-jaba dharma kI glAni hotI hai (hAni hotI hai), adharma kA sAmrAjyachA jAtA hai, taba-taba adharma kA nAza karane ke lie, dharma ke abhyudaya ke lie indra-viSNu Adi divya aMzoM kA mAnava deha meM avataraNa hotA hai| yaha avataraNa hI avatAra ke rUpAntaraNa ko prApta huA hai| avatAra arthAt Izvara/paramAtmA kA avtrnn| avatAra aura avatAravAda : prayoga aura artha bhAratIya vAGmaya meM avatAra zabda prayoga prAcInakAla meM hotA rahA hai| ab' upasargapUrvaka 'tR' dhAtu meM ghaJ' pratyaya ke yoga se 'ave tRstroghaJ' se niSpanna hai| avatAra zabda jo kisI uccasthala se nIce utaranA-artha prakaTa karatA hai arthAt divya zakti kA divyaloka se bhUtala meM utaranA artha abhivyakta karatA hai| vAstava meM yaha avataraNa jana sAmAnya sApekSa nahIM, varan IzvarIya apekSita hai| Izvara kA svayaM kA hI zarIra dhAraNa karane ke artha meM prayukta hai| __ vaidika sAhitya meM avatAra zabda spaSTataH ullikhita na hone para bhI avatR se niSpanna avatArI aura avattara zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| sAyaNAcArya ne bhASya meM isakA tAtparya 'saMkaTa dUra karanA' kiyA hai| 1. mI. zloka vA. codanA zlo. 2.110 2. Rgveda 6.3.3.5.2

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(77) avatArI ke sAtha avattara' zabda atharvaveda meM upalabdha hai| jisameM rakSaNa kA sArabhUta aMza vidyamAna ho'' isa artha meM sAyaNAcArya ne ullekha kiyA hai| yajurveda' meM isakA 'utarane' artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| TIkAkAra gRphitha ne bhI "Deseend upon rhe earth" arthAt utaranA artha hI mAnya kiyA hai| isa prakAra vedoM meM 1. saMkaTa dUra karanA 2. rakSaNa ke sArabhUta aMza kI vidyamAnatA tathA 3. utaranA-ina tIna arthoM meM avatAra kI saMyojanA kI gaI hai| taittirIya brAhmaNa, zatapatha brAhmaNa', maitrAyaNI saMhitA meM bhI inhIM arthoM kI puSTi kI gaI hai| vyAkaraNAcArya pANinI ne bhI utarane kA artha ullekha kiyA hai|' jabaki gItA meM avatAra kI apekSA 'Atma sRjana aura divya janma' kA prayoga huA hai| vAlmikI rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, viSNupurANa Adi paurANika sAhitya meM avatAra zabda 'viSNu ke zarIra dhAraNa karane yA bhUtala para avatIrNa hone se sambandhita hai| isI prakAra zrImad bhAgavata meM avatAra ke sthAna para sRjana, sRSTi tathA jAyamAna artha adhikAMzataH dRSTigata hote haiN| vAstava meM Izvara azarIra hai, kintu rakSaNa hetu, dharma-abhyudaya hetu unakA bhUtala para avataraNa hotA hai| lakSyapUrti ke pazcAt dehotsarga karake punaH Izvaratva ko dhAraNa kara lete haiN| hindu mAnyatA ke viparIta jaina mAnyatA meM avataraNa zabda saMdarbha prApta hone para bhI artha-bheda svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina sAhitya meM bhI avatAra zabda ke prAkRta aura apabhraMza rUpa vidyamAna hai| jaise graMthoM meM avaiNNu'-avattIrNa hue ke sAtha payaMDagau' arthAt prakaTa zarIrA zabda prayukta hue haiN| yahA~ isakA tAtparya bhI avataraNa arthAt janma grahaNa to hai hI, kintu ise yahA~ 'avatAra' kA paryAyavAcI mAnya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki jaina paraMparA Izvara ke avataraNa ko svIkAra nahIM krtii| 1. atharvaveda 18.3.5 2. yajurveda 17.6 3. vahI gRphitha anuvAda 4. taittirIya brAhmaNa 2.8.3.3 5. zatapatha brAhmaNa 9.1.2.27 6. maitrAyaNI saMhitA 2.10.1 7. pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI 3.3.120 8. gItA 4.6-9 9. vAlmikI rAmAyaNa 1.16.3, mahAbhArata 1.64.54, viSNupurANa 5.1.60-65 10. bhAgavata 1.3.5, 10.3.8 11. paumacariu (svayaMbhU bhAga-1,1.16.5, harivaMzapurANa 92.3) mm

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(78) sAthahI muktAtmA kA apanurAgamana mAnya kiyA hai arthAt vaha janma-maraNa punaH punaH nahIM karatI hai| anIzvara vAdI hone se jaina paraMparA avatAra kI avadhAraNA avataraNa artha meM svIkAra nahIM krtii| bauddha paraMparA meM mahAyAna saMpradAya ke vikhyAta graMtha saddharbha puNDarIka,' meM bhI kramazaH avatIrya, avatAritA, jAtA, utpanna, prAdurbhAva Adi zabda prayukta hai| 'maMjuzrI mUla kalpa2 meM avatArayet, avatArArtha ke atirikta samAgata, AviSTa zabdoM kA ullekha hai| bauddha gAna o dohA' meM avatarita, nirmANakAya, dohAkoza meM 'bodhisattva akampita avatare', 'kAyAdhAraNA', 'saguNa pahase" Adi prayoga milane para bhI inakA artha hindu paraMparA ke avatAra ke sadRza nhiiN| ___ hindu paraMparA meM yaha avataraNa viSNu yA Izvara ke avataraNa ko darzAtI hai jabaki jaina aura bauddha paraMparA kisI viziSTa daivIya zakti yA Izvara ko nahIM kintu buddha yA arhat tIrthaGkara ke mAtra janma ko sUcita karatI hai unake purAgamana ko nhiiN| yahA~ avataraNa zabda vikAsa kA sUcaka hai| mUlataH jaina aura bauddha paraMparA avatAravAda ke sthAna para uttAravAda-utthAna kI sUcaka hai, jo ki AtmIya guNoM kA Aroha karatI hai| vaidika paraMparA vizeSa rUpa se avatAravAda para avalambita hai| avataraNa kA prayojana____ arhat tathA buddha kA janma isa dharA para AdhyAtmika utkrAMti ke lie hotA hai| ve svayaM AtmaguNoM kA prAkaTya sAdhanA ke dvArA sampUrNa karmakSaya ke pazcAt karate haiN| tatpazcAta dharmapravartana karake saMgha kI sthApanA karate haiM. jina Atmika guNoM kA AdhAna ve svayaM karate haiM, usI jyoti ko anya bhavyAtmAoM meM prajjavalita karane kA mArga nirdezita karate haiN| kyA hindu paraMparA meM avatAra kA avataraNa bhI nizcit prayojana purassara hotAhai ? isa para hI hama dRSTipAta kreN| vAlmikI rAmAyaNa meM rAma ke janma kA mukhya prayojana 'asuroM kA vinAza hai' isI kAraNa unheM viSNu kA avatAra kahA gayA hai| mahAbhArata, mahAkAvya meM bhI avatAra kA mukhya uddezya 'daivI zakti kI vijaya' mAnya kI hai| mahAbhArata meM viSNu ko zrIkRSNa ke rUpa meM avatAra lekara raNabhUmi meM dAnavoM aura daityoM kA saMhAra karate hue prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI darzAyA gayA hai ki Izvara vibhinna rUpoM meM, vividha yoniyoM meM avatAra grahaNa karate haiN| 1. saddharbha puNDarIka-pR. 136, 301, 128, 125, 240 2. maMjuzrI kalpa-pR. 502, 202, 216, 236, 237 3. bauddhagAna o dohA pR. 91, 93, 112 4. dohAkoza- pR. 94, 96, 159 5. vAlmikI rAmAyaNa 1.15.14-22, 1.1.18, 1.76.12, 3.12.33, 1.17.1-23 6. mahAbhArata vanaparva 12.18-20, 28 : zAMtiparva 347.79, azvamedhikaparva 54.16

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(79) jabaki gItA meM punarjanma aura sAdhAraNa janma se bhinna Izvara kI utpatti kA vaiziSTya kA nirdeza kiyA hai| gItA hameM batalAtI hai ki sAdhAraNa manuSya jisa prakAra vikAsa ko prApta hotA huA yA Upara uThatA huA bhAgavata janma ko prApta hotA hai, usakA nAma avatAra nahIM hai, balki jaba bhagavAn mAnavatA ke aMdara pratyakSa rUpa se utara Ate haiM aura manuSya ke DhAMce ko pahana lete haiM, taba vaha avatAra kahalAte haiN| kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAnavaprANI ke rUpa meM bhagavAn ke prAkaTya kI saMbhAvanA ko dRSTAntarUpa se sAmane rakhane ke lie avatAra hotA hai, tAki manuSya dekheM ki yaha kyA cIja hai aura usameM isa bAta kA sAhasa ho ki vaha apane jIvana ko usake jaisA banA ske| ___ yaha avataraNa manuSya ke ArohaNa yA vikAsa ko sahAyatA pahu~cAne ke lie hotA hai| isa bAta ko gItA ne bahuta spaSTa karake kahA hai aisA zrI aravinda kA mantavya hai| avatAra praNAlI avatAra lene kA yahI uddezya hotA hai, para isakI praNAlI kyA hai ? avatAra ke sambandha meM eka yauktika yA saMkIrNa vicAra hai jisameM kevala itanA hI dikhAI detA hai ki avatAra kinhIM naitika, bauddhika aura kriyAtmaka divyatara guNoM kI asAdhAraNa abhivyakti mAtra hote haiM, jo sAdhAraNa mAnavajAti kA atikramaNa kara jAte haiN| bhagavAna apane-Apako prakRti ke ananta guNoM meM prakaTa karate haiM aura isa prAkaTya kI tIvratA una guNoM kI zakti aura siddhi se jAnI jAtI hai| unakI vibhUti nairvyaktika bhAva se unake guNoM kI abhivyakta zakti hai, vaha unakA bahiH pravAha hai| cAhe jJAna rUpa meM ho athavA zakti, prema, bala yA anya kisI rUpa meM aura vyaktikta bhAva se yaha manomaya rUpa aura sajIva sattA hai jisameM vaha zakti siddha hotI hai aura apane mahat karma karatI hai| isa prakAra koI bhI mahAn puruSa kA avatAra honA to taba kahA jA sakatA hai ki apane paramezvara aura paramAtmA hone kA Antarika jJAna ho aura yaha jJAna ho 1. gItA 4.5.8 2. zrI aravinda/gItA prabaMdha pR. 166-167 prakA. pAMDicerI : zrI aravinda Azrama dvitIya saMskaraNa 1984

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(80) ki ve apanI bhAgavata sattA se mAnava prakRti para zAsana kara rahe haiN| avatAra meM eka vizeSa abhivyakti hotI hai, ve divya janma se Upara hote haiM, sanAtana, vizvavyApaka, vizvezvara vyaSTigata mAnavatA ke eka AkAra meM utara Ate haiM 'AtmAnaM sRjAmi' aura ve kevala parade ke andara hI apane svarUpa se sacetana nahIM rahate, balki bAhya prakRti meM bhI unheM apane svarUpa kA jJAna rahatA hai| ___ avatAra spaSTa rUpa se manuSya jaise hI hote haiN| avatAra ke sadA do rUpa hote haiM-bhAgavata rUpa aura mAnava ruup| bhagavAn mAnava prakRti ko apanA lete haiM, usa sArI bAhya sImAoM ke sAtha bhAgavata caitanya aura bhAgavata zakti kI paristhiti, sAdhana aura karaNa tathA divya janma aura divya karma kA eka pAtra banA lete haiN| yadi aisA na ho to avataraNa kA uddezya hI pUrNa nahIM ho sktaa| ___yadi avatAra adbhuta camatkAroM ke dvArA hI kAma kareM, to isase bhI avataraNa kA uddezya pUrA nahIM ho sktaa| asAdhAraNa athavA adbhuta camatkAra rUpa avatArake hone kA kucha matalaba nahIM rhtaa| yaha bhI jarUrI nahIM hai ki avatAra asAdhAraNa zaktiyoM kA prayoga kareM hI nahIM, kyoMki asAdhAraNa zaktiyoM kA prayoga mAnava prakRti kI saMbhAvanA ke bAhara nahIM hai, parantu isa prakAra kI zakti kA prayoga na bhI ho to avatAra meM koI kamI nahIM AtI, na yaha koI maulika bAta hai| avatAra aiMdrajAlika jAdUgara banakara nahIM Ate, pratyutta manuSya jAti ke bhAgavata netA aura bhAgavata manuSya ke eka dRSTAnta banakara Ate haiN| para jaba kisI saMkaTa ke mUla meM koI AdhyAtmika bIja yA hetu hotA hai, taba mAnava-mana aura AtmA meM pravartaka aura netA ke rUpa meM bhAgavata caitanya kA pUrNa yA AMzika prAdurbhAva hotA hai, yahI avatAra hai| __ jaina aura bauddha paraMparA isake viparIta dRSTigata hotI hai| daivIya aMza kA avataraNa mAnya na karake mAnava svayaM apane puruSArtha-bala-vIrya-parAkrama dvArA karmoM se jUjha kara divyatA svarUpa paramAtma pada kA varaNa karate haiM / hA~! AtmA meM AMzika zakti vidyamAna hai, kintu usakA pUrNa prAkaTya svayaM ko hI karanA hotA hai| na usameM daivIya zakti sahAyaka ho pAtI hai, na anya koI sAdhana / yadyapi prayojana sadRzatA sarvatra aikyatA lie hue hai-dharma saMsthApanA evaM loka maMgala / sAdhya eka hone para bhI sAdhana sarvathA bhinnatA dhAraNa kie hue haiN|

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(81) bauddha paraMparA meM arhat evaM bodhisatva bauddha paraMparA sarvocca pada para parama sAdhya svarUpa meM buddha ko mAnya karatI hai| jaisA ki pUrva meM ullikhita hai ki bhagavAna gautama buddha ko namaskAra karate hue kahA 'namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammA smbuddhss'| sAtha hI pratidina smRta pada meM 'tipi so bhagavAM arahaM' isa prakAra bhagavAna kA smaraNa bhI kiyA jAtA rahA hai| ina saMdarbho se itanA to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki yahA~ arhata pada kI garimA koI kama nhiiN| jo bhI buddha hote haiM, ve arhata hote hI haiN| taba prazna ubharatA hai ki jisa prakAra jaina paraMparA meM jainAgamoM meM tIrthaGkaroM ko arhat pada se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra bauddha paraMparA bhI kyA yaha svIkAra karatI hai jo buddha haiM ve hI arhat haiM athavA buddha ke atirikta bhI arhat kA astitva hai? ___ uparyukta padoM se yahA~ itanA to nizcita ho jAtA hai ki jo buddha haiM, ve arhat haiM hii| aba zeSa yaha jJAta karanA hai ki buddha ke atirikta bhI arhat hote haiM yA nahIM? jaba hama bauddha paraMparA ke pariprekSya meM yaha dekhate haiM to vahA~ mAtra buddha ke lie hI nahIM anya bhikSuoM ko bhI arhat kahA gayA hai| bhikSu ke atirikta zrAvaka varga bhI isase vaMcita nahIM raha paate| bauddha graMthoM meM anekazaH aise ullekha haiM, jahA~ RSi muniyoM ke sAtha zrAvakoM ne bhI isa pada ko vahana kiyA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka sAdhaka sAdhanA ke bala para isa pada kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| cAhe vaha bhikSu ho yA shraavk| parantu itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai jo bhI buddha hue haiM, ve arhat hote hI haiM / yahA~ kevalI ke samakakSa arhat ko yahA~ rakhA jA sakatA hai| arhat kise kahA jAye? isakA kiMcit svarUpa nirdeza pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| arhat kA Adarza kyA hai ? bhagavAna buddha ke mUla upadeza jo pAli nikAyoM meM nihita hai, arhattva kI prApti ko brahmacarya kA, jIvana sAdhanA, aMtima lakSya batAyA hai| isa prakAra arhat prApti kA vahA~ eka bar3A gaurava hai| svayaM buddha arhat kahe gaye haiN| buddha ke cira upasthApaka ziSya Ananda, jo chAyA kI bhAMti unase saMlagna rahate the, ucca koTi ke sAdhaka the, ve buddha ke parinirvANa-kAla taka arhattva prApta nahIM kara pAye the| arhattva prApta karanA koI sAdhAraNa kArya bauddha sAdhanA meM nahIM thaa| 1. suta nipAta-kasibhAradvAjasutta 4. Alavaka suta 30, samiya sutta 32.32

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(82) sthAna-sthAna para vibhinna suttoM meM arhat ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA gayA haijo kRtakRtya ho gayA ho', kSINAsrava ho', aMtima deha ko dhAraNa kiyA ho, jinakA mAna prahINa ho gayA ho', graMthiyA~ naSTa ho cukI ho', vaha loka meM anutsuka hai vidyA aura caraNa se sampanna, sugati ko prApta, lokavid, anuttara, samyak saMbuddha, abhaya aura dRDha hai| sarvajJa, sarvadraSTA kevalI RddhiprApta, citta kI bAteM jAnane vAle haiN| prajJAvAna, bhAvitAtma, samAhita dhyAnarata, smRtimAna, sarvazoka prakSINa haiM / 2 ve pUjanIyoM meM pUjya, satkAra pAtroM meM jo satkAra ke pAtra evaM AdaraNIyoM meM AdaraNIya haiN| isa prakAra anekazaH anekadhA arhat kA vizada svarUpa upalabdha hotA hai| jisa prakAra jaina paraMparA meM arhat ke anekazaH vizeSaNa prApta hote haiM / arhattIrthaGkaroM ke vizeSaNoM kA bahutAyata se ullekha kiyA hai, usI prakAra yahA~ bhI sthala sthala para vivecana vizeSaNa yukta kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ jaina paraMparA tIrthaGkara ko arhat svIkAra karatI hai, vahA~ bauddha paraMparA vaha sthAna buddha ko pradAna karatI hai| bauddha arhat kI koTi jaina paraMparA meM sAmAnya kevalI ke sadRza hai| sAmAnya kevalI bhikSu-gRhastha sarva ho sakate haiM, usI prakAra bauddha arhat meM yaha mAnya kiyA hai| hA~ buddha ko vaha stara prApta hai| buddhatva kA aMgIkaraNa tIrthaGkara kI koTi meM jA sakatA hai| ataH arhat ke tulya buddha evaM sAmAnya kevalI ke tulya arhat mAnya kiye jA sakate haiM / isI bhA~ti bauddha paraMparA meM bhI saMgha sthApanA, dharma pravartana Adi kArya buddha 1. vahI, arahanta sutta-1.3.5, mAnatthaddha sutta 7.2.5 2. vahI, mahaddhanasutta 1.3.8. nandana sutta 2.2.4. mAnatthaddha sutta 7.25 devadahakhaNa sutta 34.3.4.1 icchAnaGgala sutta 52.2.1 3. vahI arahanta sutta 1.3.5 4. vahI mahaddhana sutta 1.3.8 5. vahI mahaddhana sutta 1.3.8 6. vahI mahaddhana sutta 1.3.8 7. susIma sutta (saMyukta ni. 11.12) 8. dhajagga sutta (saMyukta ni. 11.1.3) 9. bhAradvAja sutta (saM. ni. 33.3.3-4) 10. aggika sata (saM.ni.7.1.8) 11. (aparAdiTTi suta) (saM. ni. 6.14) 12. nandana sutta (saM. ni. 2.2.4) 13. devAdRta sutta (saM. ni. 7. 2. 3)

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(83) hI saMpAdana kara sakate haiM-anya arhat nhiiN| jaina paraMparA meM ghAti karma kSaya evaM kaivalya lAbha Adi se saMyukta arhat evaM sAmAnya kevalI kI samAnatA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai kintu bauddha paraMparA meM isa tulyabalatA ko darzAyA nahIM gyaa| buddha kA arhat honA sarvatra dRSTigata hotA hai kiMtu arhat aura buddha kI jJAna sImA kI samAnatA yA viSamatA kA ullekha dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| buddha ke janma sambandhI vilakSaNatAeM buddhake janma saMbaMdhita alaukikatA kA varNana dIdhanikAya ke mahApadAna sutta meM ullikhita kiyA hai- 1. tuSita nAmaka devaloka se cyuta ho smRtimAna jAgRta hokara mAtA ke udara meM praviSTa hote haiN| ____ 2. jaba mAtA ke garbha meM praveza karate haiM, taba samasta loka meM vipula prakAza hotA hai tathA loka dhAtu (brahmANDa) meM kampana hotA hai| 3. mAtA ke garbha meM hone ke pazcAt sadaiva cAra devaputra cAroM dizAoM meM mAtA kI rakSA ke lie rahate haiM, tAki unakI mAtA ko koI bhI kaSTa na deN| 4.jaba se ve mAtA ke garbha meM Ate haiM, taba se unakI mAtA zIlavatI hotI hai, vaha hiMsA, corI, durAcAra, mithyAbhASaNa tathA mAdaka vastuoM ke sevana se virata rahatI hai| ___5. unakI mAtA kA citta puruSa kI ora AkRSTa nahIM hotaa| kAmavAsanA ke lie unakI mAtA puruSa ke rAga se jItI nahIM jA sktii| 6. unake garbha meM Ane ke pazcAt unakI mAtA ko sabhI prakAra ke sukhopabhoga upalabdha rahate haiN| 7. unakI mAtA ko koI vyAdhi nahIM hotI tathA bodhisattva kI mAtA unako apane udara meM spaSTa dekhatI hai| 8. unakI mAtA unake janma ke sAta dina bAda marakara tuSita devaloka meM utpanna hotI hai| 9. mAtA pUre dasa mAha kukSi meM rakhakara prasava karatI hai| dasa mAha se pahale nahIM krtii| 1. dIgha nikAya bhAga-2, mahApadAnasutta 1.4.20 pR. 15-16

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(84) 10. mAtA khar3e-khar3e hI prasava karatI hai| 11. mAtA kI kukSi se nikalakara pRthvI para girane bhI nahIM pAte vicAra devaputra unheM lekara mAtA ke sammukha rahate haiN| 12. prasava ke samaya unakA zarIra kapha, rUdhi Adi maloM se alipta rahatA hai| 13. jaba ve mAtA kI kukSi se bAhara Ate haiM, taba AkAza se zIta evaM uSNa jala kI do dhArAeM bahatI hai, usase unakA evaM unakI mAtA kA prakSAlana hotA hai| ___ 14. janma ke pazcAt ve pairoM para khar3e hokara uttara kI mu~ha karake sAtakadama calate haiM, zveta chata ke nIce sabhI dizAoM ko dekhate haiM aura ghoSita karate haiM ki isa loka meM maiM zreSTha hU~, maiM agra hU~, maiM jyeSTha huuN| yaha merA aMtima janma hai, phira merA janma nahIM hogaa| 15. janma ke samaya sampUrNa loka meM prakAza hotA hai tathA saMsAra kI burAIyA~ kucha samaya ke lie dUra ho jAtI hai| buddha ke zarIra ke 32 lakSaNa buddha ke zarIra ko dIghanikAya meM nimna 32 lakSaNoM yukta batAyA hai - 1. ve supratiSThatapAda hote haiN| 2. unake pAdatala meM sarvAkAra paripUrNa cakra hote haiN| 3. unakI er3iyA~ UMcI hotI hai| 4. unakI aMguliyA~ lambI hotI hai| 5. unake hAtha, paira mRdu aura komala hote haiN| 6. unake hAtha aura paira kI aMguliyoM ke bIca cheda nahIM hote| 7. unake pA~voM ke Takhane zaMku ke samAna vartulAkAra hote haiN| 8. unakI jAMghe hiranI kI jAMghoM ke samAna hotI haiN| 9. unake hAtha itane lambe hote haiM ki ve binA jhuke apanI hatheliyoM se apane ghuTanoM kA sparza kara sakate haiN| 10. unakI jananendriya camar3e se DhakI hotI hai| 1. dIdhanikAya bhAga-2 mahApadAnasutta 1.4.20 pR. 15-16

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(85) 12. unake zarIra para dhUla nahIM jmtii| 13. unake pratyeka romakUpa meM eka hI bAla hotA hai| 14. unake bAla aMjana ke samAna nIlI kAntiyukta tathA kuMDalita (dhuMgharAle) hote haiN| 15. ve lambe akuTila zarIra vAle hote haiN| 16. unake zarIra ke sAta bhAga Thosa hote haiN| 17. unakA zarIra siMha pUrvArddha kAya arthAt unakI chAtI uThI huI hotI hai| 18. unake donoM kaMdhoM ke Upara kA bhAga Thosa hotA hai| 19. unakA zarIra nigrodha parimaNDala (vartulAkAra) hotA hai arthAt pAlakhI 20. unake donoM kaMdhe samAna parimANa ke hote haiN| 21. unakI zirAeM (nAr3iyA~) sundara hotI haiN| 22. unakI Dhor3I siMha ke samAna hotI hai| 23. unake mukha meM 44 dA~ta hote haiN| 24. unake dA~ta sama hote haiN| 25. unakI daMta paMkti chidra rahita hotI hai| 26. ve dIrgha jihvA hote haiN| 27. unakA svara madhura hotA hai| 28. unakI daMtapaMkti zubha hotI hai| 29. unakI A~khe alasI ke puSpa se samAna nIlI hotI hai| 30. unakI palakeM gAya ke samAna hotI hai| 31. unakI bhauMhoM kI roma-rAjI atyanta komala aura zubhra hotI hai| 32. unakA mastaka uSNISAkAra arthAt bIca meM se kucha U~cA hotA hai|

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(86) isa prakAra buddha kA zarIra ina 32 lakSaNoM se yukta hotA hai| jisa prakAra jaina paraMparA meM arhat kA zarIra alaukika tathA 1008 lakSaNa-guNoM se saMpRkta hotA hai| usI prakAra buddha kA zarIra viziSTa alaukikatA evaM 32 lakSaNoM se yukta hotA hai| inameM se kucha alaukikatA arhat se sAmya rakhatI hai to kucha pUrNatA viSamatA yukta, vilakSaNa hai| dharmacakra ke pravartana hetu brahmA dvArA prArthanA jisa samaya arhat buddha samyak saMbuddha hote haiM usa samaya buddha ke mana meM yaha vicAra AtA hai loka mere upadeza ko grahaNa nahIM kreNge| usI samaya brahmAjI Akara prArthanA karate haiM prabho! dharma kA upadeza kareM kyoMki dharma jAnane meM hamArI ruci hai| buddha kA sazarIra devalokagamana___ bhagavAna buddha ne apanI mAtA ko dharmopadeza dene ke lie eka varSAvAsa tuSita loka meM vyatIta kiyA, aisA pAli tripiTaka meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| __sAtha hI yaha bhI ullekha hai ki bhagavAna buddha eka bAra zuddhAvAsa devaloka meM gye| jahA~ pUrva 6 buddhoM tathA unake kAla meM jina vyaktiyoM meM pravrajyA dhAraNa kI thI, unameM se aneka loga isa devaloka meM devatA ke rUpa meM janme the| una sabhI ne Akara buddha ko apanA paricaya diyA aura batAyA ki ve kisa buddha ke zAsanakAla meM pravrajita hokara isa devaloka meM janme haiN| pratihArya jisa prakAra jaina paraMparA meM arhat/tIrthaMkara ke aSTa prAtihArya avazyaMbhAvI hote haiM, usI prakAra buddha prAtihArya dikhalAte the| pratihArya se tAtparya camatkAra liyA gayA hai| avadAna ke prAtihArya sUtra meM prAtihArya se saMbaMdhita kathA kA varNana hai| usameM buddha dvArA zrAvastI ke rAjA prasenajita ke Agraha se Rddhi-prAtihArya dikhAne hetu prArthanA kI jAne para buddha ne aneka buddhoM kI sRSTi kii| donoM paraMparA meM antara yaha hai ki jaina paraMparA meM ye ATha prAtihArya deva-devendra dvArA nirmita hote haiM jabaki bauddha paraMparA meM prAtihAryoM ko svayaMbuddha dvArA nirmANa kiye jAte haiN| 1. dIghanikAya bhAga-2 mahApadAna sutta 1.6.62-64 pR. 36 2. bauddha dharma darzana pR. 118 3. dIghanikAya bhAga-2 mahApadAnasutta 1.6.72-74 pR. 39-43 4. 1. avadAna uddhRta-bauddha dharma darzana pR. 118 /

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(87) buddha kI vizeSatAeM majjhima nikAya meM buddha kI aneka viziSTa vizeSatAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| dasabala evaM cAra vaizAradya ina meM vizeSatayA hote haiMdasabala' - 1. tathAgata sthAna ko sthAna rUpa meM, asthAna ko asthAna ke rUpa meM jAnate haiN| 2. tathAgata atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna meM kiye gaye sattvoM ke karmoM ke vipAka sthAna aura vipAka hetu ko jAnate haiN| 3. ve sarvatragAminI pratipadA ko jAnate haiN| 4. ve samasta loka yA brahmANDa ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnate haiN| 5. ve vividha svabhAva vAle sattvoM arthAt prANiyoM ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnate 6. tathAgata sabhI prANiyoM ke indriyoM kI sAmarthyatA aura asAmarthyatA ko jAnate haiN| 7.ve dhyAna, vimokSa, samAdhi aura samApatti ke bAdhaka (maloM) aura sahayogI kArakoM ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnate haiN| 8. unheM aneka pUrvajanmoM (nivAsoM) kA jJAna hotA hai| 9. apane vizuddha evaM divya cakSu se kauna prANI marakara kahA~ utpanna hogA? kahA~ se marakara utpanna huA hai, ise jAnate haiN| 10. tathAgata AsravoM kA kSaya ho jAne se citta kI vimukti aura prajJA kI vimukti ko isI janma meM prApta kara loka meM vicaraNa karate haiN| cAra vaizAradya 1. tathAgata sabhI tathyoM ke jJAtA hote haiM, ataH unheM prAznikoM se koI bhaya nahIM hotaa| 2. tathAgata kSINAsrava (nirmala cAritravAn) hote haiN| unheM isa bAta para koI bhaya nahIM hotA ki unake nirmala cAritra para koI AkSepa A ske| 1. majjhima nikAya bhAga-1 mahAsIhanAda sutta 12.2 pR. 18.101) 2. majjhimanikAya,mahAsIMhanAda sutta bhAga-1 12.3 pR. 101-102

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(88) 3. unako koI vighna yA bAdhA nahIM rhtii| 4. tathAgata ko apane dvArA upadiSTa dharmamArga ke sambandha meM aisA koI saMzaya yA vicAra nahIM hotA ki yaha samyak prakAra se duHkha kSaya kI ora nahIM le jAtA hai| apane inhIM dasabaloM aura cAra vaizAradyoM ke kAraNa tathAgata pariSad meM siMhanAda karate haiM aura dharmacakra kA pravartana karate haiN| apane battIsa puruSa lakSaNa, assI anuvyaMjana, aSTAdaza AveNika dharma ke mAdhyama se ve zreSThatA sAbita karate hue dharmasaMgha kI sthApanA karate haiN| buddhatva kA adhikArI nidAnakathA ke anusAra jo ATha lakSaNoM se yukta ho, vahI buddhatva ko prApta ho sakate haiN| ye ATha lakSaNa hai manussattaM liMgasampatti hetu satthAradassanaM / pabbajA guNasampatti adhikArI ca chandatA / / manuSyayoni, liMgasamprApti (puruSaliMga), hetu (buddhajIva), zAstA ke darzana, pravrajita honA (pravrajyA), guNa-samprAti, adhikAra (zakti) va chandatA (icchA svaatntry)| uparokta ATha mUlabhUta lakSaNa buddhatva prApti ke Avazyaka aMga hai| saMyuktanikAya-aTThakathA' meM ina ATha dharmoM ke atirikta cAra buddha bhUmiyA~utsAha, unmArga, avasthAna tathA hitacaryA tathA cha adhyAzaya-niSkrama, praviveka, alobha, adveSa, amoha aura niHsaraNa ko prApta karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| jAtaka meM buddhatva ke lie tInacaryA-jAtattha, lokattha, bhUtattha tathA strI, putra, rAjya, aMga, jIvana parityAga viSayaka pAMca mahAtyAga bhI batAye haiN| isa prakAra buddhatva prApti ke lie ye guNa honA Avazyaka hai| arhatva evaM buddhatva kI prApti ke upayA bauddha paramparA meM arhatva-buddhatva prApti ke lie sAdhaka ko kucha avasthAoM yA sopAnoM se gujaranA par3atA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina avasthA ko bhUmiyA~ 1. nidAnakathA haridAsa saMskRta graMthamAlA) pR. 237-239 2. saMyukta nikAya aTThakathA 1-50 uddhRta nidAnakathA bhUmikA pR. 39 3. jAtaka saM. 552 uddhRta vahI. pR. 40

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(89) kahA jAtA hai| ina bhUmiyoM kI mAnyatA meM bauddha dharma ke saMpradAyoM meM vibhinna mata hai| hInayAna isa hetu bhUmiyoM ko, to mahAyAna isa vikAsa meM dasa bhUmiyoM ko buddhatva prApti ke lie svIkAra karate haiN| bauddha dharma meM jina prANiyoM kA vikAsa prArambha nahIM huA unako pRthakjana yA mithyAdRSTi kahA jAtA hai tathA jo vikAsonmukha haiM, ve Arya-samyathya dRSTi kahalAte haiN| majjhimanikAya meM isa avasthA yA bhUmi ko dharmAnusArI yA zraddhAnusArI bhUmi kahA gayA hai| nirvANamArga ke sAdhaka ko arhat pada prApta karane ke lie cAra bhUmikAoM ko pAra karanA hotA hai| ye cAra bhUmikA hai 1. srotApanna bhUmi 2. sakRdAgAmI bhUmi 3. anAgAmI bhUmi 4. arhat bhUmi 1. srotApanna bhUmi srotApanna kA zAbdika artha hai 'pravAha-dhArA meM par3A huA, yaha pravAha nirvANagAmI hai| jaba sAdhaka saMsAra se virakta hokara, nirvANagAmI mArga para ArUr3ha hotA hai taba vaha srotApana kahalAtA hai| vaha isa mArga meM 1. satkAya dRSTi-dehAtmabuddhi,2. vicikitsA saMdehAtmakatA 3. zIlavrata parAmarza-vratAdi kriyAkAMDoM meM rUci ina tIna saMyojanoM kA tyAga kara detA hai tathA vaha cAra aMgoM meM avicala zraddhA yukta hotA hai 1. buddhAnusmRti 2. dharmAnusmRti 3. saMghAnusmRti 4. zIla samAdhi se yukta isa prakAra srotApanna sAdhaka ke hRdayapaTala meM buddha, dharma, aura saMgha ke prati aTUTa zraddhA hotI hai| sAtha hI usake AcAra-vicAra kI vizuddhi paripUrNa hotI hai| vaha adhika se adhika sAta janmoM meM nirvANa prApta kara letA hai| 1. majjhima nikAya prathama bhAga 6.1.3 pR. 45, buddhacaritaH dharmAnaMdakausaMbI pR. 111-112, 254 256, bauddha darzana (paM. upAdhyAya baladeva) pR. 140 2. dIghanikAya pR. 57-58, 288 uddhRtaH bauddhadarzana pR. 141

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(90) 2. sakRdAgAmI bhUmi_ 'sakRdAgAmI' zabda kA artha hai-kevala eka bAra AnevAlA arthAt janma lene vaalaa| srotApanna sAdhaka jaba kAmarAga (kAmavAsanA) aura paTigha (krodha) ina do saMyojanoM ko zithila kara detA hai, taba vaha sakRdAgAmI banatA hai| isa bhUmikA meM AsravakSaya arthAt klezakSaya karane kA prayatna prabala hotA hai| jaise-jaise klezakSaya karatA hai vaise-vaise prajJAprakAza adhikAdhika pragaTa hotaahai| sakRdAgAmI ko nirvANa se pahale kevala eka janma aura lenA hotA hai| 3. anAgAmI___ 'anAgAmI' zabda kA artha hai apunarAgamana arthAt punaH kamI nahIM Ane vaalaa| jaba sakRdAgAmI kAmarAga aura paTigha kA pUrNa kSaya kara detA hai, taba vaha anAgAmI banatA hai| anAgAmI kI jaba mRtyu hotI hai, taba usakA janma ihaloka meM nahIM hotA hai| vaha brahmaloka meM avatAra letA hai aura vahA~ se sIdhe hI nirvANa prApta karatA hai| isa bhUmikA meM satkAya dRSTi, vicikitsA, zIlavrataparAmarza, kAmarAga aura pratigha ina pA~ca saMyojanoM kA pUrNataH kSaya kara detA hai| 4. arhat anAgamI sAdhaka jaba zeSa pA~ca saMyojana-rUparAga (brahmaloka kI prApti kI icchA), arUparAga (arUpa devaloka prApti kI icchA) mAna, auddhatya (citta kI caMcalatA) aura avidyA (ajJAna) kA nAza kara detA hai taba arhat bhUmikA meM praviSTa hotA hai| samUla klezoM kA uccheda ho jAne se pUrNa prajJA kA udaya hotA hai| jalakamalavat vaha jagat meM alipta rahatA hai| vaha jIvanmukta hai| vaha vartamAna janma meM hI nirvANa prApta kara letA hai| usakA punarbhava nahIM hotaa| buddha aura arhat meM itanA hI antara hai ki buddha svaprayatna se hI nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiM, jabaki arhat kA nirvANa-sAkSAtkAra paropadeza-paranimitta sApekSa hai| isa prakAra kramazaH ina cAra bhUmiyoM meM pasAra hotA huA sAdhaka nirvANa lAbha prApta kara letA hai| mahAyAna meM ina bhUmiyoM meM vibhinnayoM darzAyI hai| ve isa hetu dasa bhUmiyoM ko svIkAra karate haiM(ba) buddhatva prApti meM sahAyaka dasa bhUmiyA~ saMkramaNakAlIna sthiti meM likhe gaye graMtha 'mahAvastu' meM agra dasa bhUmiyoM kA - vivecana kiyA gayA hai

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(91) 1. durAroha 2. baddhamAnA 3. puSpamaMDitA 4. rUcirA 5. cittavistAra 6. rUpavatI 7. durjayA 8. janmanideza 1. yauvarAjya 10. abhissek|' ___ mahAvastu meM ullikhita ye dasa bhUmiyA~ mahAyAna saMpradAya ke graMtha "dasabhUmizAstra" se bhinna hai| dasabhUmizAstra meM nimna dasa bhUmiyA~ (avasthAe~) darzAyI gaI hai| ___ 1. pramuditA 2. vimalA 3. prabhAkarI 4. arciSmI 5. sudurjayA 6. abhimukti 7. dUraMgamA 8. acalA 9. sAdhumatI 10. dhrmmedhaa| asaMga ke mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra aura laMkAvatAra meM 11 bhUmiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isameM adhimukticaryA bhUmi ko prathama bhUmi kI saMjJA dI gaI hai aura usake pazcAt pramuditA Adi 10 kI parigaNanA kI hai| laMkAvatAra meM dharmamedhA tathA tathAgata bhUmiyoM ko alaga-alaga mAnA gayA hai| adhimuktacaryAbhUmi isameM sAdhaka ko pudgala nairAtmya tathA dharma nairAtmya kA yathArtha jJAna hotA hai| yaha avasthA vizuddhi kI avasthA kahI jAtI hai| use bodhipraNidhicittAvasthA bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa bhUmi meM bodhisattva dAna-pAramitA kA abhyAsa krtaahai| yaha buddhatva kI dizA meM sAdhanA kA pUrva caraNa hai____ 1. pramuditA-isa bhUmi ko bodhiprasthAnacitta kI avasthA kahA jAtA hai| isameM zIla-pAramitA kA abhyAsa karatA hai| isameM pUrNa zIla vizuddhi ko prApta karatA hai| 2. vimalA-isameM zAnti pAramitA kA abhyAsa karatA hai| yaha adhicitta zikSA hai| isa bhUmi kA lakSaNa dhyAna kI prApti hai| isase acyuta samAdhi kA lAbha hotA hai| 3. prabhAkarI-isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka samAdhi ke dvArA anekAneka dharmoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara lokahita ke lie bodhi-pakSIya dharmoM kI pariNAmanA karatA hai| jJAna rUpI prakAza ko loka meM phailAne ke kAraNa ise prabhAkarI kahA gayA hai| 4. arciSmatI-isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka klezAvaraNa aura jJeyAvaraNa kA vinAza karatA hai tathA vIrya-pAramitA kA abhyAsa karatA hai| 1. 1. uddhRta-bauddha dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa pR. 359 2. vahI. pR. 360-362

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(92) 5. sudurjayA-isa bhUmi meM sAdhaka dUsaroM ke dhArmika vicAroM ko puSTa karatA hai aura svacitta kI rakSA ke lie duHkha para vijaya prApta karatA hai| yaha kArya ati duSkara hone se hI ise sudurjayA kahA gayA hai| isameM dhyAna-pAramitA kA abhyAsa karatA hai| isa bhUmi meM pratItyasamutpAda kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAne se bhavApatti viSayaka saMklezoM se rakSA ho jAtI hai| 6. abhimukhI-isa bhUmi meM prajJA-pAramitA ke Azraya se saMsAra aura nirvANa donoM ke abhimukha rahatA hai| usameM prajJA kA yathArtha udaya hotA hai| isameM prajJA kI pUrNatA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| 7. dUraMgamA-isameM zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda arthAt ekAMtika mArga se bahu dUra calA jAtA hai| bodhisattva kI sAdhanA pUrNa kara nirvANa lAbha ke yogya ho jAtA hai| isameM svayaM sabhI pAramitA kA pAlana karatA hai evaM vizeSa rUpa se upAya kauzalya pAramitA kA abhyAsa karatA hai| 8. acalA-isa bhUmi meM saMkalpa zUnyatA evaM viSama rahita animittavihArI samAdhi kI upalabdhi hotI hai| citta ke saMkalpa rahita hone se isa avasthA meM tattva kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai| 9. sAdhumati-isa bhUmi meM bodhisattva ke hRdaya meM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke prati dayAbhAva evaM zubha bhAvanAoM kA udaya hotA hai| vaha prANiyoM ke bodhibIja ko paripuSTa karatA hai| samAdhi kI vizuddhatA evaM pratisaMvinmati (vizleSaNAtmaka anubhava karane vAlI buddhi) isa bhUmi kI pradhAnatA hai| bodhisattva ko isa avasthA meM dUsare prANiyoM ke manogata yA Antarika bhAvoM ko jAnane kI kSamatA utpanna ho jAtI hai| 10. dhamamedhA-jisa prakAra ananta AkAza ko megha vyApta kara letA hai usI prakAra isa bhUmi meM dharmAkAza ko samAdhi vyApta kara letI hai| isa bhami meM bodhisattva divya bhavya zarIra prApta kara kamala para virAja mAna dRSTigocara hote haiN| vastutaH yaha buddhatva kI pUrNaprApti kI avasthA hai| yahA~ bodhisattva buddha bana jAtA isa prakAra dasa bhUmi rUpa avasthAe~ prApta karake manuSya buddhatva kI prApti kara letA hai, aisA mahAyAna saMpradAya kA mantavya hai| cAra bhUmiyA~ hInayAna saMpradAya svIkAra karatA hai jo prAcIna bauddha paraMparA meM bhI mAnya thii| cAra avasthAe~ ho yA

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(93) dasa ho| donoM kA lakSya nirvANa hI hai| rAga-dveSa-moha Adi karmakSaya ho jAne para hI arhatva yA buddhatva kI prApti ho pAtI hai| jaina paraMparA bhI isa prakAra caudaha guNasthAna mAnya karatI hai| jo bhI AtmA kevala jJAna kA varaNa karatI hai, unako ina caudaha guNasthAnoM para ArohaNa karake, guNazreNI karanI par3atI hai| usake pazcAt arhat ho yA sAmAnya kevalI ho, unako karmakSaya karake mokSAvasthA prApta ho sakatI hai| uparyukta bhUmiyA~ ina caudaha guNasthAnoM ke samakakSa kahI jA sakatI hindu paramparA meM jisa prakAra avatAra kA prayojana dharma saMsthApanA hai, usI prakAra bauddha paraMparA bhI dharmaprarvattana tathA saMgha sthApanA hetu buddha kA avatAra lenA svIkAra karatI hai| hindu paraMparA etadartha divya aMzoM kA avataraNa mAnya karatI hai kintu bauddha paraMparA manuSya kA hI vikAsakrama AdhyAtmikatA ke sopAnoM dvArA utkarSa para pahu~cAtIhai, divya aMzoM ko nhiiN| jaisA ki jaina paraMparA bhI svIkAra karatI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM arhat brAhmaNa paraMparA veda anulakSI hai| veda vihita tathA veda mAnya darzanoM meM nyAyavaizeSika darzana kI bhI gaNanA kI gaI hai| vaizeSika sUtra darzana ke praNetA kaNAda tathA nyAya darzana ke praNetA gautama hai| nyAya-vaizeSika dharma saMsthApaka ke rUpa meM avatAravAda ko mAnya karate dikhAI nahIM dete, jaisA ki itara paraMparA meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM vaizeSika darzana padArtha vicAraNA ke atirikta pUrNatayA nyAya darzana para hI avalambita hai| arthAt nyAya darzana ke siddhAntoM para anugamana karatA hai| __ nyAya darzana meM avatAravAda kA varNana dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| ataH dharmapravartanasaMsthApaka meM rUpa kise mAnya kiyA gayA? sarvocca kakSA para nyAya vaizeSikakAra ne Izvara ko mAnya kiyA hai| Izvara hI jagat kA niyantA hai, to vahI sRSTi kA saMhAra bhI kara sakatA hai| sraSTA ke sAtha-sAtha vaha upadeSTA hai, mArgadarzaka hai| jaina paraMparA arhat ko hI mAtra dharma saMsthApaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai, kintu nyAyadarzana meM dharmasaMsthApaka ke atirikta mukhya kArya sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai|

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(94) nyAyasUtrakAra gautama ne Izvara se saMbaMdhita tIna sUtra race haiM 1. karmaphala kA kAraNa karma nahIM, paraMtu Izvara hai| 2. kyoMki puruSa karma na kareM to phala milatA nhiiN| 3. karma evaM karmaphala IzvarakRta hone se ye donoM siddhAnta tarka hIna hai| upuryakta tIna sUtroM meM se gautama do sUtroM ko tarkahIna mAnakara tIsare sUtra meM apane siddhAnta kI sthApanA karate haiM / eka karma phala ke niyata-saMbaMdha kI avagaNanA karatA hai to dUsarA Izvara kI hI avagaNanA karatA hai| vAstava meM karma aura karmaphala meM niyata saMbaMdha to hai hI, paraMtu icchita phala prApti ke lie kauna sA karma karanA cAhiye ? yaha jJAna Izvara pradAna karatA hai| laukika viSaya kA jJAna to usake vizeSajJoM se bhI prApta ho sakatA hai, kintu rAga Adi doSoM kA dUra karane ke lie kauna sA karma, kauna sI sAdhanA karanI, yaha jJAna rAgAdi doSoM se rahita, sarvajJa Izvara hI karA sakatA hai| isa prakAra karma evaM karmaphala ke niyata saMbaMdha ko jAnane ke lie Izvara kI AvazyakatA hai| Izvara kevala upadeSTA hai,mArgadarzaka hai, tathA karma phala ke niyata saMbaMdha kA jJAna karAne vAlA hai| isa artha meM hI vaha karmakArayitA ___darzana-zAstra meM iSTa phala mukti mAnya kiyA hai| saba mukti ko cAhate haiN| isa icchita phala ke lie kauna sA karma karanA cAhiye ? kyA sAdhanA karanI cAhiye, kisa krama se karanI cAhiye, isakA jJAna sAdhanA karake jo duHkhamukta ho cuke, jIvanmukta detaahai| yaha jIvanmukta hI upaceSTA hai, pathapradarzaka hai| isa prakAra 1. vAtsyAyana jIvanmukta ko hI Izvara mAnate haiN| 2. prazastapAdane hI sarvaprathama nityamukta sRSTikartA Izvara kI kalpanA nyAya, vaizeSika, meM dAkhila kii| 3. vAtsyAyana ke jIvanmukta ke sAtha hI buddha aura jaina arhat kI tulanA ho sakatI hai| 4. nityamukta sRSTikartA Izvara bauddha aura jaina meM hai hI nhiiN| isa prakAra nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM Izvara ko paramocca zikharaM para sthApita 1. nyAyasUtra -4.1.19-21 2. SaDdarzana-2 (nyAya-vaizeSika) nagIna jI. zAha, yUnivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa, gujarAja rAjya)

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(95) kiyA hai| sAtha-sAtha jagat kA kartA, dhartA, saba kucha usI ke AdhIna kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke arhat evaM Izvara meM sAmyatA saMbhava nahIM hai| isake aneka kAraNa hai, kyoMki jaina paraMparA ke arhat evaM Izvara meM bahuta bhinnatA hai| yahA~ arhat jIvAtmA rUpa se paramAtmA meM pariNata hotA hai, vahA~ yaha pariNamana nahIM hai| Izvara Atma svarUpa hokara bhI paramAtmA hI hai| arhat sazarIrI hai to Izvara azarIrI hai| arhat karmoM se mukta hotA hai to Izvara ke baMdhana mukti hI nahIM hai| arhat sarvaguNasampanna hai to Izvara meM pA~ca guNoM kA prAdhAnya mAnA hai| arhat jagatakartRtva se kucha saMbaMdha nahIM rakhate, to Izvara ko jagatkartA mAnA gayA hai| arhat AtmabhAvena nitya hai to Izvara sarvadA nitya hI hai| jaina paraMparA icchAdi vikAroM kA arhat meM honA svIkAra nahIM karatI, vahA~ Izvara meM yaha AtmavizeSa guNoM meM se eka hai| icchAdi ko vikAra arthAt doSa mAnakara usakA sarvajJa meM parihAra kiyA hai| vastutaH prArambha meM naiyAyikoM meM Izvara mAtra karmaphala pradAtA ke rUpa meM hI mAnya kiyA gayA thA kintu uttarakAlIna nyAya vaizeSika granthoM meM isa viSaya kA vistAra hotA gyaa| TIkAkAroM meM bhI paraspara matabheda hone lgaa| kyoMki Izvara kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM mataaikya nahIM hai| bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana svayaM Izvara kI saMkhyA aneka mAnate dikhAI dete haiM, to anya TIkAkAra mAtra eka hI Izvara mAnya karate haiN| arhat evaM Izvara ko guNa sAmya kI apekSA se dekhA jAya to sarvajJatA, vItarAgatA, upadeSTA, mokSAmArgapradAtA, jagaduddhAraka, dharmasaMsthApaka, dharmapravartaka Adi hai| rAga-dveSa kA nAza honA, jJAtAdraSTA honA ye sAmyatA yahA~ dRSTigata hotI hai| yahA~ eka bAta para dhyAna sahaja hI calA jAtA hai ki Izvara ko dharmasaMsthApaka, upadeSTA, Aptakalpya Adi rUpa meM naiyAyika svIkAra karate haiM to yaha saMsthApanA, upadeza Adi prakAra karate haiM ? kyoMki arhat parameSThI kA yaha kArya spaSTataH dRSTigata hotA hai kintu Izvara ke viSaya meM aisA samAdhAna pUrvavartI tathA pazcAtvartI kisI bhI naiyAyika ne nahIM kiyaa| yadyapi jaina paraMparA sarvocca pada para Izvara ko AsIna kiyA hai| sRjana se lekara saMhAra taka ke sabhI kAryoM kA uttaradAyitva Izvara para hI chor3akara svayaM mukta hote dikhAI dete haiN|

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(96) sAMkhya-yoga darzana ke jIvanmukta evaM arhat sAMkhya darzana yadyapi veda niSTha hI hai, kintu IzvarIya sattA ke prati udAsIna hai| sAMkhyadarzana IzvarIya sattA ko Avazyaka nahIM smjhtaa| prakRti evaM puruSa isa dvaitavAda para avalambita yaha darzana, jar3a-caitanya (prakRti-puruSa), punarjanma, mukti, tattvajJAna ke siddhAnta ko mAnya karake bhI Izvara kI sarvocca sattA aMgIkAra nahIM krtaa| taba prazna ubharatA hai ki jaba sAMkhya-Izvara ko mAnya nahIM karate to dharma saMsthApaka ke rUpa meM sarvocca para kisako pratiSThita karate haiN| sAMkhya ke matAnusAra sarva duHkhoM kI nivRtti ho jAne para hI puruSa paramapuruSArtha mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| yaha duHkha nivRtti tattvajJAna para AdhArita hai| jaba taka manuSya ko tattvajJAna nahIM hogA, vaha prakRti (jar3a) ke prati Asakta rhegaa| prakRti ke sAtha saMyoga hone para puruSa avidyA ke kAraNa bandhana karatA hai| aura jaba puruSa ko tattvajJAna hotA hai to ajJAna dUra ho jAtA hai| jaba tattvajJAna ke dvArA usameM yaha jJAna ho jAtA hai ki "maiM puruSa pariNAmI nahIM hU~, maiM kartA nahIM huuN|" akartRtva ke kAraNa mujha meM vAstavika svAmitva nahIM hai| isa prakAra vivekajJAna jAgRta ho jAtA hai| ___ sAMkhya matAnusAra tattvajJAna hone para dharma-adharma, ajJAna, vairAgya, avairAgya, aizvarya aura anaizvarya ina sAtoM hI bhAvoM kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai| kyoMki ye sAtoM hI bhAva atattvajJAna kA kAraNa hai| tattvajJAna ke udaya hone para kartRtva bhoktRtva kA abhimAna gala jAtA hai| yaha abhimAna hI rAgadveSa kA janaka hai| yahI punarjanma kA kAraNa hai| isa prakAra tattvajJAna se bhedajJAna-viveka khyAti utpanna hone para vivekasampanna puruSa ke saMyoga se prakRti bhI sRSTi kArya meM pravRtta nahIM hotii| sAMkhya mata meM yaha mAnya kiyA gayA hai ki tattvajJAna utpanna hone ke bAda bhI viveka sampanna vyakti ke zarIra kA pAta nahIM hotaa| tattvajJAna ke kAraNa dharmaadharma apane phala ko utpanna karane meM asamartha bana jAte haiN| usase tattvajJAnI ko 1. sAMkhyasUtra 1.1 sAMkhyapravacana bhASya 1.1 2. vahI 3.84, 3.75 3. vahI.3.62 4. sAMkhya kArikA 44, sAM: ta. kaumudI, 46-47, sA. pra. bhA. 1.19 5. sAMta. kau 64 6. sAMkhyadarzana-nagI jI. zAha pR. 196, 190 7. sAM. ta. kau. 64 8. sAM kA.67

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(97) janmAntara meM zarIra dhAraNa karane kI koI zakyatA nahIM hotii| parantu pUrvajanmakRta jo dharma-adharma vartamAna deha meM apanA phala dene meM pravRtta rahate haiM, unakI phaladAna kriyA pUrI nahIM hotI haiM, taba taka tattvajJAnI ko zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| isa prakAra jitanA samaya tattvajJAnI ko zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai, vahA~ taka yaha avasthA jIvanmukti kI avasthA hotI hai| yaha jJAnI puruSa klezakarma mukta jIvana jItA hai taba vaha jIvanmukta kahalAtA hai| jIvanmukta avasthA svIkAra karane kA bhI eka prayojana hai| kyoMki jina puruSoM ne videhakaivalya prApta kiyA hai, una saba ke zarIra hotA nahIM hai, ve upadeza nahIM de skte| aura jo ajJAnI-avivekI haiM, ve upadeza dene ke yogya nahIM hote| ataH jIvanmukta puruSa hI upadeSTA bana sakate haiN| isIlie sAMkhya mata meM jIvanmuktAvasthA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki sAMkhyadarzana jIvanmukta avasthA ko svIkAra karate hai, ki jo tattvajJAnI hai, upadeSTA hai, uddhAraka hai kintu saMghapravartana Adi saMghIya vyavasthA Adi niyojana yahA~ dRSTigata nahIM hai| isa jagat meM jitane bhI puruSa haiM, ve sabhI isa jIvanmuktAvasthA kA varaNa karake mukta ho sakate haiM / ataH sabhI jIvanmukta ko samAna adhikAra yahA~ prApta hai| sAMkhyamata meM isa prakAra nimna bAteM dRSTigocara hotI hai1. mukhyataH upadeza hI tIrtha hai| 2. jIvanmukta hI upadeSTA hai| 3. jIvanmukta hI upadeSTA hai isakA matalaba yaha nahI ki jIvanmukta upadeSTA hai hii| ___4. sarvajJatva eka siddhi hai| binA isa siddhi ke jIvanmukta ho sakatA hai| binA sarvajJatva prApta kiye mukti saMbhava hai| 5. sarvajJasiddhisaMpanna jIvanmukta upadeSTA ho, anya jIvanmukta nahIM-yaha saMbhava 1. yogabhASya 2.27 2. yogabhASya 4.30 3. sA.sU. 3.69

Page #101
(98) yogadarzana meM jIvanmukta evaM Izvara baddha evaM mukta puruSoM se bhinna-paMtajalI ke anusAra Izvara eka puruSa vizeSa hai jo avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa abhinivezAdi klezoM evaM zubha-azubha karmavipAka, rUpa, jAti, Ayu tathA bhoga-vAsanA se rahita hai| vartamAnakAla meM jo puruSa mukta haiM unase yaha bhinna hai| kyoMki ve yA to usa avasthA se pUrva baMdhana meM the pazcAt usakA uccheda karake mukta bane athavA anya mukta puruSa ve haiM, jo nizcita avadhi ke lie kaivalya kA sA anubhava kara punaH saMsAra cakra meM A jAte haiM yathA-videha evaM prkRtily| Izvara ina donoM hI prakAra ke mukta puruSoM se bhinna hai, kyoMki na kabhI vaha baMdhana meM thA aura hogaa| isa prakAra kevalI se Izvara meM bhinnatA hai| Izvara sarvajJa hai___Izvara kA utkarSa zAzvata hai, nitya hai| vaha trikAla sarvajJa hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha tInoM kAla meM prakRSTa sattva arthAt zuddha sAtvika citta dhAraNa karatA hai| usakI sarvajJatA kA pramANa kyA hai? to ullekha hai-zAstra! aura zAstra kA prAmANya ? to kathana hai ki vaha sarvajJakRta hai| isa prakAra sarvajJatA zAstra se aura zAstra kI siddhi sarvajJatA mAnane para paraspara sApekSatA tathA anyonyAzraya doSa kI zaMkA hotI hai| isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai ki yahA~ yaha doSa rUpa nahIM, kyoMki zAstra aura sarvajJatA kA sambandha anAdi hai| jisa prakAra aMkura aura bIja ke sambandha meM anyonyAzraya-paraspara sApekSa doSa nahIM hai, kyoMki ve anAdi hai| isI prakAra Izvara bhI anAdi sarvajJa hai| yogI bhI sarvajJa ho sakatA hai, kyoMki sarvajJatva kI prApti hone ke kaarnn| kintu Izvara to anAdi sarvajJa hai| Izvara sarvAdhika aizvarya saMpanna Izvara kA aizvarya anupama hai, tAratamyarahita hai| vAcaspati mizra kA mata hai ki 1. yoga sU. 1.24 3. yoga bhASya 1.24 5. yo. bhA. 1.24 2. vyAsa bhASya pR.66 4. yoga sU. 1.25 6. yoga sU. 1.25

Page #102
(99) jo kucha bhI sAtizaya hotA hai usakI niratizayatA bhI kisI na kisI vastu meM avazya hotI hai| aura vaha Izvara meM hI saMbhava hai| vijJAnabhikSu likhate haiM ki aizvarya kI kASThA jahA~ hotI hai, vahI Izvara hai| isa prakAra jinakA aizvarya anupama evaM taratamabhAva rahita hai, vaha Izvara hai|' Izvara dharmopadezaka tathA uddhAraka hai___ Izvara ko svayaM koI svArtha sAdhane kA nahIM hai| usakA prayojana bhUtAnugraha yA jIvoM ka uddhAra hai| "jJAna aura dharma kA upadeza dekara sAMsArika puruSoM kA maiM uddhAra kruuNgaa|" aisA sarvajJa kA saMkalpa hotA hai| isIlie kahA hai ki AdividvAna bhagavAna parama RSi ne nirmANacitta dhAraNa karake zAstrajijJAsu Asuri ko zAstra kA upadeza diyaa| Izvara eka hai puruSabahutvavAdI hone para bhI yogadarzana meM Izvara ko eka svIkAra kiyA hai| isa viSaya meM vAcaspati mizra evaM vijJAna bhikSu donoM ne tarka upasthita kie haiM ki eka padArtha ke viSaya meM vibhinna pariNAma kI icchA karane vAle do IzvaroM ke hone para, padArtha ke kisI eka kI icchA ke anurUpa pariNata hone se dUsare kI icchA pUrNa na hone ke kAraNa usameM nyUnatA A jAegI, aisA donoM TIkAkAroM kA abhimata hai| ataH Izvara eka hai| Izvara Adi guru hai__ pUrva ke guru kAlaviziSTa hai| jinake pAsa avacchedaka yA vizeSaka rUpa se kAla nahIM AtA arthAt kAla se bAdhita na hone ke kAraNa vaha pUrvotpanna guruoM kA bhI guru hai| pUrvotpanna guruoM se tAtparya donoM TIkAkAra sarga ke prArambha meM utpanna brahmA, viSNu, mahezAdi guruoM ko mAnate haiN| Izvara unakI utpatti se bhI pUrva vidyamAna hone se unheM vedAdi kA jJAna pradAna karate haiN| 1. tattva vaizAradI pR.77 2. yo. vA. pR.74 3. yo.bhA. 1.24 4. yoga bhA. 1.25 5. ta. vai. pR. 69 yo.vA.pU. pR. 47 6. yo. sU. 1.26 7. ta.vai.pR. 81, yo.vA.pR. 81

Page #103
(100) Izvara avatAra nahIM lete haiM__ smRtiyoM evaM purANoM meM ullikhita 'avatAra' ke rUpa meM Izvara avatIrNa nahIM hote| vijJAnabhikSu kA mata hai ki avatAra brahmA, viSNu Adi ke hote haiM, Izvara ke nhiiN| Izvara kA utkarSa zAzvatika hai____Izvara ke utkarSa meM zAstra hI pramANa hai| zAstra ke viSaya meM Izvara ke sattvotkarSa ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| Izvara aura zAstra kA jo pArasparika prAmANya dikhAyA gayA hai, usameM doSa kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| vijJAnabhikSu zAstra evaM sattvotkarSa meM paraspara nimitta-naimittika saMbaMdha mAnate haiN| __isa prakAra maharSi pataMjalI ke yogasUtra meM Izvara svarUpa nirdeza kiyA hai| sAtha hI ullekha kiyA hai ki unakA vAcaka praNava hai| praNava kA japa yaha Izvara kI bhAvanA (Izvara praNidhAna) hai| Izvara prANidhAna se yogAntarAya dUra ho jAte haiN|' aura samAdhilAbha hotA hai| ___ yogadarzana meM paramapada para Izvara ko pratiSThApita kiyA hai| arhat evaM Izvara kI koTi meM sAmyatA kisI apekSA hai kisI apekSA se nahIM hai| sarvajJatA, vItarAgatA, uddhAraka, upadeSTA rUpa se sAmyatA hai| kintu ve kisa rUpa se karate haiM isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA gyaa| ___ jaina mata meM arhat dharma kI saMsthApanA karate haiM kintu Izvara kA aisA koI kArya nirdeza nahIM kiyA gyaa| sAtha hI arhat sAmAnya mAnava se mahAmahAnava ke utkarSa ko prApta hote haiM aisA Izvara meM nhiiN| AtmA se paramAtmA pada para adhiSThita hote haiN| AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama meM sAmAnya AtmA yaha pada pA sakatI hai| yoga sammata Izvara eka hai, jaba ki arhat eka nahIM, apitu aneka hai| isa prakAra aneka samAnatA-viSamatA arhat evaM yoga sammata Izvara meM hone para bhI sarvocca pada to prApta hai| 1. yo.vA. pR.79-80 2.yo. vA. pR.70 3. vyAsa bhA. pR.66 4. vahI. 5. yoga sU. 1.27-28 6. vahI 1.23 7. vahI 1.29 8. vahI.

Page #104
(101) arhat kI avadhAraNA kA dArzanika avadAna __ jaina dharma darzana meM arhat kI avadhAraNa ke darzAnika avadAna kA mUlyAMkana nimna rUpa se kiyA jA sakatA hai sarvaprathama arhat kI avadhAraNA meM yaha mAnya kiyA gayA hai ki pratyeka bhavya AtmA arhat pada kI kSamatA dhAraNa karatI hai| pratyeka jIva arhat pada prApta kara sakatA hai| isase isa avadhAraNA meM vyaktittva kI garimA puSTa hotI hai aura use gaurava hotA hai ki vaha ananta zakti sampanna hai evaM paramAtma zakti kA prAkaTya kara sakatA hai| isase vaha AtmavikAsa kI ora agrasara hotA hai| dUsarA yaha hai ki arhat pada kisI kI kRpA prasAdI nahIM hai| arhat banAyA nahIM jAtA, vaha svayaM apane sAmarthya se isa pada kA varaNa karatA hai| arhatattva koI yAcita pada nahIM varan upArjita upalabdhi hai| isa prakAra yaha avadhAraNA daivavAda, bhAgyavAda aura kRpA ke sthAna puruSArthavAda kA samarthana karatI hai| jaina paraMparA meM arhat mahAvIra ke jIvanavRtta ke ullekha meM varNana hai ki sAdhanAkAla meM svayaM indra unakI sevA meM upasthita rahane kI prArthanA karane para, mahAvIra ne indra se kahA thA ki arhat svavIrya arthAt svapuruSArtha se hI paramajJAna evaM paramasAdhya ko prApta karate haiN| kisI kI kRpA evaM sahayoga se nhiiN| yahI eka aisA tathya hai jo vyaktitva kI garimA ko ubhAratA hai| avatAravAda Adi meM Izvara svAmI hotA hai tathA vyakti usakA sevaka / jabaki arhat kI avadhAraNA meM svayaM ke svAmI hone kA jIva sAmarthya prakaTa karatA hai| avatAravAda meM kRpA kA tattva pradhAna hotA hai| IzvarIya karUNA aura kRpA hI avatAravAda ke mUlatattva hai jabaki arhat kI avadhAraNA meM svabala vIrya-puruSArtha kA prAdhAnya hai| saMkSepa meM vyaktitva kI sarvoparitA evaM puruSArthavAda ke siddhAnta arhat kI avadhAraNA kA mahattvapUrNa evaM pramukha dArzanika avadAna prastuta karatA avatAra, arhat, buddha, Izvara, jIvanmukta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAratIya dharmoM meM avatAra, Izvara, arhat, buddha, jIvanmukta Adi kI avadhAraNAeM apanA apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| hindu purANoM meM upAsya ke rUpa meM Izvara-avatAra ko sthAna milA, usI prakAra jaina dharma meM arhat ko bauddha dharma meM buddha ko tathA sAMkhyadarzana, yogadarzana aura vedAnta meM jIvanmukta ko upAsya mAnA

Page #105
(102) gyaa| isa prakAra ye avadhAraNAe~ bhAratIya dharma/darzana kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| 1. pratyeka dharma meM mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hotI hai ki usakA eka dharmapravartaka hotA hai, jo dharma-sAdhanA tathA AcAra-saMhitA-paddhati kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| vaha usa dharma ke dhArmika, sAmAjika niyamoM aura maryAdAoM kA saMsthApaka hotA hai| usake anuyAyiyoM kA unake prati samarpaNa bhAva hotA hai tathA unake vacana pramANabhUta hote haiN| ___2. sabhI dharmoM meM sAdhanA hetu eka Adarza nirdhArita hotA hai, jo dhArmika jIvana kA sAdhya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| saMsAra meM dhArmika dRSTikoNa se pratyeka dharma ke lie ye donoM hI tattva atimahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki jo bhI dharma-pravartaka hotA hai, vaha Adarza rUpa to hotA hI hai, sAtha hI sAdhya rUpa bhI hotA hai| vaha patha-pradarzaka bhI hotA hai| vaha prathama sopAna bhI hotA hai, to maMjila bhI hotA hai| ___ IzvaravAdI dharmoM meM jahA~ Izvara ko, Izvara ke avatAra ko dharmapravartaka mAnya kiyA to dUsarI ora unako hI sAdhya rUpa se bhI aMgIkAra kiyA gyaa| anIzvaravAdI dharmoM meM yahI rUpa dharmapravartakoM meM dRzyamAna huaa| yahI nahIM use sAdhanA kA uccatama Adarza bhI mAnya kiyA gyaa| hindu dharmoM meM hI nahIM jaina-bauddha dharmoM meM bhI arhat-buddha ko Adarza maanaa| isa prakAra pratyeka dharma pravartaka sAdhya rUpa se Adarza rahe haiN| hindu dharma meM Izvara-avatAra, jaina dharma meM arhat, bauddha dharma meM buddha, islAma dharma meM paigambara, IsAI dharma meM Izvara-putra kendrIya tattvabindu rahe haiN| Izvara-avatAra hindu purANoM meM Izvara-avatAra kI avadhAraNA svIkAra kI gaI hai| avatAra sAmAnyatayA 'nIce utarane vAlA' artha meM rUr3ha hai| kintu prastuta saMdarbha meM avatAradaivIya zakti divya loka se dharA para avattIrNa honA utaranA hai| jaisA ki pUrva meM ullekha kiyA hai ki Rgveda meM avatAra kA artha vinAza yA saMkaTa dUra karanA hai| vastutaH avataraNa kA artha yahA~ viSNu yA Izvara ke avataraNa se hai| kintu prArambha meM yaha prajApati evaM indra ke avataraNa meM thaa| uttarakAla meM yaha viSNu ke lie hI prayukta hone lgaa| avatAra kA prArambhika varNana mahAbhArata-purANoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| mahAbhArata meM 10 avatAroM kA ullekha hai| viSNupurANa meM dazAvatAroM kA samagra rUpa se nahIM kintu yatra-tatra 10 avatAroM kI sUcI upalabdha ho jAtI hai| Age jAkara bhAgavata meM avatAravAda carama utkarSa ko prApta huaa| yahA~ viSNu ke

Page #106
(103) avatAroM kI aneka sUciyA~ ullikhita hai| sAtha hI 24 avatAroM kI avadhAraNA bhI vikasita huI hai| mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, gItA sabhI meM avatAra kA uddezya daityoM kA saMhAra, sRSTi niyojana, sAdhu-rakSaNa tathA dharma kI sthApanA rahA hai| viSNu purANa evaM bhAgavata meM dharma kI rakSA evaM bhU-bhAra haraNa mukhya prayojana rahA hai| isa prakAra avatAra kI avadhAraNA kA manovaijJAnika pakSa yaha rahA hai ki manuSya ko yaha vizvAsa hotA hai ki vaha saMsAra cakra meM nitAnta ekAkI nahIM hai| adRzya zakti usake vikAsa meM sahAyaka hai| usakI kRpA use kaSTa mukta karAne meM sahAyaka hotI hai| yaha AsthA aura AtmavizavAsa hI avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA kA mUla utsa hai| kyoMki gItA meM zrIkRSNa arjuna se punaH punaH kahate haiM ki tU mere meM mana lagA, maiM tujhe sarva pApoM se mukta kara duuNgaa| isa prakAra hindu dharma meM avatAra bhaktajanoM ke yogakSema meM vAhaka evaM loka kalyANa kartA hai| arhat jaina dharma meM arhat dharmasaMsthApaka ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhya rUpa meM sAdhanA ke Adarza bhI haiN| arhat kA artha hai-pUjya, prshNsk| arhat kI aneka paryAye haiM yathAjina, kevalI, sarvajJa, tIrthaGkara aadi| zakrastava' meM arhat kI anekAneka vizeSatAeM iMgita kI hai| isa AdhAra para arhat saMsAra rUpI samudra ke tAraka, duHkha mocaka, dharma saMgha ke saMsthApaka kahe gaye haiN| arhat pada kI prApti ucca AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA pratiphala hai| arhatattva pada kA varaNa vizeSa sAdhaka hI kara sakate haiM, jabaki kaivalya kI prApti sarva sAdhAraNa ko bhI ho sakatI hai| arhat-tIrthaGkara nAma karma ke upArjana hetu samavAyAGga meM spaSTa rUpa se ullekha hai ki viziSTa tapa-sAdhanA hI isa pada prApti meM Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM jIvanmukta avasthA do prakAra kI hai1. arhat-tIrthaGkara 2. sAmAnya kevalI arhat ke vizeSa puNyodaya se garbha, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya tathA nirvANa kalyANaka (mahotsava) manAye jAte haiM / ve saMgha kI sthApanA karate haiN| kintu sAmAnyakevalI ke uparyukta kalyANa nahIM hote| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra bharata airavata kSetra meM 24-24 tIrthaGkara hote haiM jaba ki mahAvideha kSetra meM sadaiva 20 tIrthaGkara vidyamAna rahate haiN| ve dharma mArga ke upadeSTA

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(104) hote haiN| ve kevala mArga nirdeza karate haiM, preraNA dete haiM kintu sAdhaka ko usa para svayaM calanA hotA hai, sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai| ve kisI para kRpA nahIM karate, mAtra patha-pradarzaka evaM upadezaka hote haiN| ____apane svarUpa kA prAkaTya svayaM ko karanA hotA hai, arhat to nimittamAtra hote haiN| vastutaH kRpA ke sthAna para yahA~ parAkrama-puruSArtha ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| karmakSaya kA puruSArtha svayaM para hI nirbhara hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM arhata Adarza rUpa, sAdhya hai kintu vaha nimittamAtra hai| sAdhya siddhi svaMya ke puruSArtha para nirbhara buddha bauddha dharma meM buddha ko dharmacakra kA pravartaka tathA dharma kA zAstA kahA gayA hai| tripiTakoM-nikAyoM evaM dhammapada, kathAvatthu meM buddha ko anutpanna mArga kA pravartaka, mArgadraSTA jJAta kahA gayA hai| zramaNa, brAhmaNa, vedajJa, bhiSak, nirmala, vimala, jJAnI, vimukta Adi aneka abhidhAnoM se buddha ko abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ___ vAstava meM buddha kA artha hotA hai-jAgRta! bauddha dharma meM buddhatva kI prApti pratyeka prANI ko vIrya, prajJA aura puruSArtha se honA mAnya kiyA hai| sAtha hI pratyeka prANI meM buddha bIja nihita hai, buddhatva kI kSamatA kA dhAraka hai| gautama bhI isI taraha buddha evaM samyak saMbuddha bne| hInayAna ke baddha kA lakSya apane klezoM se mukti pAkara arhat pada prApta karanA hai, to mahAyAnI ke bodhisattva saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ke nirvANalAbha ke pazcAt svayaM kI mukti cAhatA hai| bauddhadharma ke anusAra koI bhI vyakti dasa pAramitAoM kI sAdhanA karake buddhatattva kA varaNa kara sakatA hai| buddhatva kI prApti kA mUlAdhAra bodhicatta kA utpAda hai, jisake udaya se kAruNya bhAva pragaTa hotA hai, jo ki buddhacitta ke lie Avazyaka hai| jaina dharma ke samAna bauddha dharma meM bhI arhat, buddha, pratyeka buddha kI avadhAraNA saMprApta hotI hai| bauddha dharma meM bhI prAraMbha meM 7, phira 24 buddhoM kI avadhAraNA pracalita huii| buddhatva kA Adarza lokakalyANa hai| buddha ne svayaM bodhi prApta kara lokakalyANa ko parama zreyaskara batAyA aura unhoMne yaha saMdeza diyA ki he bhikSuoM! bahujanoM ke hita ke lie, sukha ke lie loka kI anukampA ke lie tathA deva aura manuSya ke sukha ke lie paricAraNA karate rho| jAgRta rho| buddhatva

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(105) kA manovaijJAnika puTa yaha hai ki vyakti sadA jAgRta raha kara, karuNA se sadA loka kalyANa meM tatpara rahatA hai| jIvanmukta sAMkhya yoga darzana viveka sampanna tattvajJAnI jIvanmukta kA Adarza lie hue hai jo ki rAga-dveSa, karma anuzaya ko nAza karake mukta hue haiN| kintu saMghIya vyavasthA, dharma saMsthApanA kA koI ullekha vahA~ nahIM kiyA hai| sarva duHkha nivRtti rUpa parama puruSArtha mokSa ko parama sAdhya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaise jIvanmukta kA parama kArya upadeza to hai hii| isa prakAra saMkSipta rUpa se avatAra-Izvara, arhat, buddha evaM jIvanmukta kA tulanAtmaka rUpa se vicAra kiyA gyaa| sabhI ke jIvana kA mUlabhUta lakSya sAmAnyatayA dharma kI saMsthApanA yA dharmapravartana hai| arhat evaM buddha se bhinna avatAra kI avadhAraNA kA lakSya dharma kI saMsthApanA ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhu rakSaNa evaM duSToM kA vinAza bhI ____ arhat evaM buddha mUlata: vyaktitva ke sarvocca AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke paricAyaka hai| ina donoM paraMparA meM AtmA svayaM paramAtma svarUpa aMgIkAra kara sakatI hai, mAnya kiyA gayA hai jabaki hindu paraMparA meM vyakti ko Izvara kA aMza mAnA gayA hai| usameM evaM Izvara meM eka antara yA dUrI rakhI hai| unakI bhaktimArgI paramparAeM svAmI aura dAsa kI avadhAraNA se apanA bacAva nahIM kara sktii| dekhA jAya to vAstava meM avatAravAda jaivika vikAsa kA virodhI dikhAI detA hai| vaha paricaya avazya detA hai kintu vikasita nahIM hone detaa| arhat evaM buddha paraMparA meM vyakti nimna stara se ucca stara para ArohaNa kara vikAsa kI dizA meM utkramaNa kara jAtA hai, jabaki avatAravAda meM pUrNa puruSa Upara se nIce utaratA hai| isa prakAra uttaraNa evaM avataraNa kI apekSA se ye avadhAraNA bhinnatva lie hue haiN| avatAravAda meM upAsaka upAsya nahIM banatA, vyakti Izvara sAnnidhya prApta karake bhI Izvara nahIM bana sakatA, jabaki arhat aura buddha yaha bheda samApta kara prabhuttA prApta karate haiN| yaha satya hai ki arhat evaM buddha lokamaMgala kA uddezya rakhate hue bhI isameM sakriya bhAgIdAra nahIM hote| mAtra ve to upadeSTA va pathapradarzaka hote haiN| ve AzvAsana nahIM dete haiM, ki kalyANa mujha para nirbhara hai| kintu avatAra bhaktoM ke lokakalyANa meM sakriya bhAgIdAra hote haiN| arhat aura buddha kI apekSA avatAra

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(106) bhaktoM ke lokakalyANa meM sakriya bhAgIdAra hote haiM / arhat aura buddha kI apekSA avatAra kI yaha bhinnatA vAstava meM mUlarUpa se apane-apane dharmoM kI nivRttimUlaka evaM pravRttimUlaka dRSTikoNa ko lekara hai| jaina-bauddha paraMparA nivRtti mUlaka hai, to hindu paraMparA mUlataH pravRtti mUlaka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki arhat, buddha, avatAra, Izvara, jIvanmukta kI avadhAraNA meM bahuta kucha samAnatA hai, to kucha maulika antara bhI hai| jahA~ taka saMkhyA kA prazna hai sabhI paramparAeM 24 kI saMkhyA mAnya karatI hai| avatAra evaM buddha kI saMkhyA meM dasa evaM sAta kI saMkhyA, paccIsa kI saMkhyA upalabdha hotI hai kintu arhata kI saMkhyA sarvatra 20/24 prApta hotI hai| vaise veda, Agama tathA tripiTakoM meM saMkhyA kA ullekha dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| isase yahI mAnA jA sakatA hai yaha paramparA bhI paravartI hI hai evaM eka hI samaya meM panapI hai| kyoMki purANa, Agama evaM nikAyoM kA samaya I.pU. dUsarI tIsarI zatAbdI vidvAnoM ne mAnya kiyA hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki yaha saMkhyA bhI sAtha-sAtha hI pracalita huI ho| vastutaH hindU, jaina evaM bauddha paraMparAeM eka hI pariveza meM pallavita huI dhotita hotI hai| ataH bhinnatva hone para bhI eka-dUsare ke atyanta nikaTa dRSTigata hotI hai| mUlabhUta lakSya meM sabhI paramparAe~ eka-dUsare se pRthak nahIM dikhAI detii| isa prakAra tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yahI pratIti hotI hai ki ye sabhI paramparAeM eka-dUsare se kucha na kucha grahaNa karatI huI hai| prior

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(107) adhyAya-4 siddha-pada paMca parameSThI ke dvitIyapada-siddha kI avadhAraNA 1. siddha-muktAtmA -siddha pada kA vyutpattiparaka artha -siddha pada kI paryAyeM -siddha ke bheda, guNa 2. siddhigati-svarUpa sthiti -mokSa-mokSa ke bheda 3. aSTakarmakSaya svarUpa siddhi -aSTakarma-ghAtI evaM aghAtI karma 4. mukta jIvoM kA urdhvagamana -siddhoM kA anuparAgamana 5. arhatApekSA bhinnatA -avatAra, Izvara se bhinna siddhAtmA 6. siddha kI aitihAsikatA(ka) hindu evaM bauddha paramparA meM (kha) jaina pAramparika rUpa meM1. aMga AgamoM meM 2. aMga bAhya AgamoM meM 7. apavarga-mokSa viSayaka itara darzanoM kI avadhAraNA(a) vaidika (veda-brAhmaNa-AraNyaka-upaniSadoM meM) mukti (ba) mImAMsA darzana meM mokSa (i) nyAya-vaizeSika meM mokSa (I) sAMkhya-yoga darzana meM mukti (u) bauddhamata meM nirvANa 8. muktAvasthA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana

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(108) siddha muktAtmA jaina paramparA AtmA kI zuddhAvasthA siddhAvasthA svIkAra karatI hai| kyoMki isa avasthA meM sarva karma mala kA kSaya ho jAne se vaha mukta ho jAtA hai| jaba taka vaha karma-saMyogI hai, taba taka vaha saMsArI hai, chadmastha hai| karma viyogI avasthA hI muktAvasthA hai| isI muktAtmA ko jaina paramparA meM siddha zabda se abhipreta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jinhoMne ATha karmoM ke bandhana ko naSTa kiyA hai, aise ATha mahAguNoM sahita parama, lokAgra meM sthita aura nitya siddha hote haiN| yaha karmamala mukta AtmA urdhvaloka ke anta ko prApta karake sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, ananta, anindriya sukha kA anubhava karatA hai| vaha pA~ca prakAra ke saMsAra yathA-prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga, pradezabandha aura mithyAtva kA saMsarga rUpI bhAva saMsAra se mukta hotA hai| jinake dravya karma aura bhAvakarma bhI naSTa ho gaye haiN| jo zarIra rahita haiM, anaMta sukha aura anaMta jJAna meM AsIna hai aura parama prabhutva ko prApta hai| ve zuddhacetanAtma hai arthAt kevalajJAna aura kevala darzanopayoga lakSaNa vAle haiN| atyanta zAntimaya hai, niranjana haiM, nitya hai, kRtakRtya haiM / jo tIna loka ke mastaka ke zekhara svarUpa haiM, duHkhoM se rahita hai, sukha rUpI sAgara meM nimagna, anavadya arthAt nirdoSa haiN| jinhoMne sarvAMga se athavA samasta paryAyoM sahita sampUrNa padArthoM ko jAna liyA hai| jo vajrazilA nirmita abhagna pratimA ke samAna abhedya AkAra se yukta haiN| jo saba avayavoM se puruSAkAra hone para bhI guNoM se puruSa ke samAna nahIM hai| kyoMki puruSa sampUrNa iMdriyoM ke viSayoM ko bhinna deza meM jAnatA hai, parantu jo pratipradeza meM saba viSayoM ko jAnate haiM, ve siddha haiN| jo indriyoM ke vyApAra se yukta nahIM haiM, avagraha Adi ke dvArA bhI padArtha ke grAhaka nahIM hai aura jinake indriya sukha bhI nahIM haiM, aise atIndriya anantajJAna aura sukhavAle jIvoM ko indriyAtIta siddha jAnanA caahie| isa prakAra nizcaya se zuddhAtmopalabdhi hI siddha paryAya kA lakSaNa hai| 1. niyama sAra 72, kriyA kalApa 3.1.2.142 2. paMcAstikAya 28, paMca sUtra (ciraMtanAcArya) 1.7. 3. sarvArthasiddhi 2.10.169.7 4. rAja vArtika 2.10.2.124.23. 5. bRhad nayacakra 107 6. paMcAstikAya tA. vR 101, 174.13 7. paMcasaMgraha (prA.) 31, dhavalA 1.1, 1, 23-127-200, gommaTa sArajIva. 68.177. 8. dhavalA 1, 1, 1, 26-28/48, mahApurANa 21.114-118, dravyasaMgraha 14.41, tattvAnuzAsana 120-122 9. paramAtma prakAza 1.16-25, cAritrasAra-33-34.

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(109) siddhi prApta karake sadAzivatva ke kAraNa parabrahma svarUpa bana jAtA hai| guNotkarSa ke kAraNa maMgala ke AvAsarUpa ho jAtA hai| janmAdi ke kAraNa na rahane se janma jarA aura maraNa se rahita unake sarva azubha sadA ke lie naSTa ho jAte haiN| azubha kI anubaMdha zakti se bhI rahita ho vaha apane zuddha Atma svarUpa ko prApta, gamanAdi kriyA se rahita svasahaja svabhAva meM sthita, anantajJAnavAn aura anaMtadarzanavAn ho jAtA hai| una siddhoM kA sukha kaisA hotA hai? vedanIya karma ke kSaya se utpanna usa viSaya meM kathana hai ki jaise kisI ko samasta zatruoM kA kSaya hone se, saba vyAdhiyoM kA abhAva hone se, sarva arthoM kA saMyoga hone se aura saba icchAe~ phalIbhUta ho jAne se jo sukha prApta hotA hai, usakI apekSA siddhoM kA sukha ananta guNA hotA hai| kyoMki unake bhAvazatruoM kA kSaya ho cukA hai| yaha isa prakAra ki rAga-dveSa mohita jIvoM ke apakArI hone se bhAva zatru haiN| una sabakA kSaya huA hai| karma kA udaya pIr3Ajanaka hone se vyAdhirUpa haiN| ve karma naSTa ho gaye haiM, utkRSTa labdhiyA~ artha haiM, ve prApta ho cukI hai aura ve nispRhatA meM sthita haiN| ___ isa prakAra siddhoM kA sukha sUkSma hai, usako tAttvika rUpa se koI dUsarA jAna nahIM sktaa| siddhoM kA sukha vAstava meM acintanIya hai| kyoMki vaha buddhi kA viSaya hI nahIM hai| vaha sukha eka siddha kI apekSA se sAdi ananta hai arthAt usakI Adi to hai, para anta nahIM hai| parantu pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi ananta hai| isI prakAra eka siddha kI apekSA se bhI samajhanA caahiye| siddhapada kA vyutpatti paraka artha siddha kA tAtparya hai ki jina guNoM ke dvArA jo niSpanna hotA hai, pariniSThita hotA hai, vaha siddha kahalAtA hai| yathA siddhaudn| jinakA punaH sAdhana nahIM kiyA jaataa| 1. paMcasUtra 5.1 2. vizeSA. bhASya gA. 3183-3188 3. Ava. sU. 975-328 4. dhava. 2, adhi, Ava. niyukti 3027

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(110) kintu jaina paramparA meM isa siddha pada kA sUkSmatayA nirUpaNa kiyA haiSiJ bandhane (pANinIya. 1.4.78) 1. sitaM-baddhamaSTaprakAra karmendhanaM dhmAtaM-dagdhaM jAjvalyamAnazukladhyAnAnalena yaiste niruktavidhinA siddhAH-arthAt sita arthAt bAMdhA huA jo ATha prakAra kA karma rUpI IMdhana jisane 'dhmAta' yAni jAjvalyamAna zukladhyAna rUpI agni se jalAkara bhasmIbhUta kiyA hai, vaha siddha kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra 'siddha' zabda kA niruktavidhi se artha hotA hai| 2. athavA 'Sidhu gatau'2 iti vacanAt sedhanti sma apunarAvRtyA nirvRttipurImagacchan-athavA 'Sidh' dhAtu kA gati artha hone se jAne ke pazcAt vApisa na AnA par3e isa prakAra jo mokSa nagarI meM gaye haiM, ve siddha kahalAte haiN| 3. athavA "Sidhu saMrAddhau'3 iti vacanAt siddhayanti sma-niSThitArthA bhavanti sma-Sidh dhAtu kA 'saMzaddhi' (niSThA) artha hone se jinakA prayojana siddha ho gayA, vaha siddha kahalAtA hai| ___4. athavA 'SidhUJ zAstre mAGgalye ca" iti vacanAt sedhanti sma zAsitAro'bhUvan mAGgalyarUpatAM cAnubhavanti smeti siddhA-athavA 'Sidh' dhAtu kA artha zAstra aura maMgala hotA hai, isase jo zAsaka tathA jo maMgalarUpa hai, vaha siddha kahalAtA hai| ___5. athavA siddhAH- nityAH aparyavasAnasthitikatvAt-athavA siddha arthAt nitya, kyoMki unakI sthiti ananta hotI hai| 6. athavA prakhyAta bhavyarUpalabdhaguNasandohatvAt-athavA prakhyAta haiM, kyoMki bhavya jIva unake guNa ke samUha ko acchI taraha jAnate haiN| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai ki "dhmAtaM sitaM yena purANakarma yo vA gato nirvRtisaudhmuuni| khyAto'nuzAstA pariniSThitArtho yaH so'stu siddhaH kRtamaGgalo meN||" -baddha prAcIna karmoM ko bhasmIbhUta kara diyA, jo mokSa rUpI mahala kI Toca para Upara jAkara baiThe haiM, jo prasiddha haiM, jo anuzAsita hai, kRtArtha hai, ve siddha bhagavAna merA maGgala kre| 1. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-2, gA. 3033-3037, naMdI sU. 54 2. pANinIyadhAtupATha 48 3. vahI 1269. 4. pANinIya dhAtupATha 49. 5. bhagavatI sUtra TIkA maMgalAcaraNa

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(111) 7. tahA siddhANi paramANaMdamahU sava mahAkallANanirUvamasokkhANi, NippaMkasukkajjhANAi aciMtasattisAmatthao, sajIvavIrieNaM joganirohAiNA mahApayatteNa tti siddhA' -parama AnaMda rUpa, mahotsava rUpa, mahAkalyANarUpa, nirUpama sukha, acala zukladhyAna Adi kI acintya zakti se sAmarthya se jIva ke parAmakramapUrvaka yoga kA nirodha karane rUpa jinhoMne mahAprayatna se siddha kiyA hai, ataH ve siddha haiN| ___8. athavA aTThapayArakammakkhaeNa vA siddha' -ATha prakAra ke karmoM ko kSaya karane para jo siddha hue haiM ve siddha haiN| 9. athavA dIhakAlarayaM jaMtu-kamma se siymtttthhaa| siyaM dhaMtaM ti siddhassa siddhttmmuvjaayi|- pravAha kI apekSA se dIrghakAla kI sthitivAle jo bAMdhe hue ATha prakAra ke karmoM ko bhavya jIvane dhyAna rUpI agni dvArA bhasmIbhUta kiyA hai| athavA jIva kA sarva karma (saMsAranubaMdhI hone se sita arthAt azubha athavA sita yAni jIva ne grahaNa kiyA huA, vyApta huA yA saMzliSTa huA athavA ATha prakAra se vizeSita kiyA huA yA kSaya kiyA huA vaha zeSita kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra agni ke dvArA lohe kA mala bhasma kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra tapa ke dvArA bAMdhA huA karma jisakA bhasma huA vaha siddha kahalAtA hai| 10. karma prapaJca nirmukta-jo karma ke prapaJca se mukta ho| 11. apagatasakala karmamale-sakala karma calA gayA hai vaha siddha / 12. azeSa dvandva rahite - dvandoM klezoM se rahita isa prakAra siddha zabda ke aneka vyutpati-niyukti paraka artha upalabdha hote haiN| aneka arthoM se samanvita siddha zabda meM jaina paramparA karmakSaya siddha ko svIkAra karatI hai| mUlAcAra meM siddha zabda kI vyutpati uparyukta prakAra se hI kI hai kintu usakA udAharaNa diyA hai ki lohakAra jisa prakAra agni meM lohe ko tapAkara svaccha karatA hai usI prakAra bAvIsa parISahoM rUpI agni ke dvArA karmabaMdha ko dhvaMsa 1. mahAnizItha sUtra upadhAna pada a. 3 2. mahAnizItha upadhAna sUtra saMdRbdha a.3 3. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 3029 4. vizeSAvazyakabhASya-2 gA. 3033-3037, naMdIsUtra pR. 54 5. naMdI 54. 6. caM paM pAhu, dazA, bha. daza. 7. sUtra 1.1.4.

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(112) karake, zarIra ko, indriyoM ko tyAga karake nirmala hokara kevala jJAna ko prApta karake siddha hote haiN| yahA~ 22 parISahoM ko karmanAza ke lie mahattvapUrNa batAyA hai| __yahA~ vyutpatti-niyukti paraka artha meM vyAvahArika evaM pAramArthika dRSTikoNa se artha saMgata kiyA hai| vAstava meM aneka arthoM meM abhivyajita siddha pada ke arthasaMkula meM jaina paramparA karmakSayayukta (mukta) jIva ko hI upayukta samajhatI hai, isI artha ko sArthaka karate hue apanA maulika zabda prayukta karatI hai| siddha pada kI paryAyeM jaina Agama jaise ki arthapradhAna haiM, unameM siddha zabda aneka abhidhAnoM se prayukta huA hai| yathA-siddha, buddha, mukta, pAragata, paramparAgata, parinivRtta, antakRta, sarvaduHkhaprahINa, kAlagata aadi| adhikAMzataH ina paryAyoM kA kathana eka sAtha bhI kiyA gayA hai evaM svatantra rUpa se bhI upalabdha hotA hai| yadyapi siddha parameSThI kI ye saba paryAyeM samAna artha jJApita karatI hai tathApi kiMcit arthabhinnatA ko bhI grahaNa kiye hue hai| aba hama dekhageM ki ina paryAyoM meM kyA arthabheda samAyA huA hai? 1. siddha-jo kRtakRtya ho jAne se siddha hai jina guNoM ke dvArA jo niSpanna hotA hai vaha siddha hai| yahA~ abhISTa kI siddhi arthAt AtmA se saMbaMdhI sarva kArya niSpanna ho jAnA tathA AtmA se saMlagna aSTakarmoM kA pRthakkaraNa rUpa siddha honA hI artha saMgata hai| karmabaMdhanoM ko naSTa karane meM siddhatA hAMsila kara lene se siddha zabda upayukta hI hai| 2. buddha.. kevalajJAnAdi anantacatuSTaya sahita hone se AtmA buddha hai athavA buddhi ke dvArA saba kucha jAnate haiM ataH buddha hai| ajJAnanidrA se prasupta jagat ke viSaya meM paropadeza ke binA jIvAdi tattvoM ke jJAtA hone se buddha hai| ___ yahA~ buddha zabda kA prayoga anantajJAnI, sarvajJatA ko sUcita karatA hai| kucha anya darzana muktAtmA meM jJAnAdi guNoM kA abhAva svIkAra karate haiN| unake mata kA khaMDana karane ke lie tathA siddha ke artha kA vistAra karane ke lie unako buddha zabda se abhipreta kiyA hai| AtmA ke jJAna guNa kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA varan karmakSaya ke pazcAt zuddha, ananta jJAna kA prAkaTya hotA hai| 1. mUlAcAra 7 adhikAra 6-7 2. vizeSA, 3027, mUlAcAra 7.6-7, bhagavatI 2.1.16. 3. paramAtma prakAza TI. 1.13.21.5, bhAva pAhuDa TI. 149.293.14 bhaga. 2.1.19

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(113) mukta __jinake dravya aura bhAva donoM karma naSTa ho gaye haiM, ve mukta haiN| ve pA~ca prakAra ke saMsAra se nivRtta haiN| parama prabhutva ko prApta haiN| zuddhacetanAtma yA kevalajJAnase mukta haiN| pAragata __saMsAra ke athavA sarva prayojana samUha ke pAra hone se pAragata hai arthAt saMsAra ke pAra pahu~ce hai| saMsAra se tAtparya loka hai| caudaha rAja loka ke agra sthAna para jahA~ para loka kA anta ho jAtA hai vahA~ siddha parameSThI pratiSThita ho gaye haiN| anAdikAla se bhava bhramaNa karate hue isa bhava sAgara ko, bhavATavI ko pAra kara liyA hai| paramparAgata ___ anukrama se saMsAra ke pAra pahu~cA huA, paramparAgata kahalAtA hai| karmamuktatA jIva kI eka sAtha nahIM hotii| apitu anukrama se sarvakarmoM kA kSaya karake, guNazreNI Adi prakriyA ke anantara siddhatva prApta hotA hai| caturdaza guNasthAna para ArUDha hokara athavA samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA kramapUrvaka Asevana karake mukti sthAna ko prApta karane se paramparAgata hai| parinivRtta sAMsArika pravRttiyoM se jo sampUrNa rUpa se nivRtta ho gaye haiM tathA nirvANa ko prApta ho gaye haiM, aise siddha parinivRtta kahalAte haiN|' antakRta jisakA kArya samApta ho gayA hai, vaha aMtakRt hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki aMtima kArya siddhatva ko prApta karane kA, vaha kara liyA ho use antakRta kahate haiN| 1. bhagavatI 2.1.16, rA. vA. 2.10.2.124.23 2. savArthasiddha 2.10.169.7 3. nayacakra vR. 107 4. paMcAstikAya tA. vR. 109, 174, 13 (4) paM. kA. mU. 28 5. bhagavatI 2.1.16 6. vahI 7. vahI 8. bhagavatI 2.1.16

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(114) sarvaduHkhaprahINa jinake samasta duHkhoM kA prakRSTa rUpa se nAza ho gayA hai| azeSa duHkhoM ko nirmUla karake avyAbAdha sukha kA jinhoMne varaNa kiyA hai ve siddha haiN| kAlagata samasta kAla ko pAra karake jinhoMne zAzvatatA ko varaNa kiyA ho, ve kAlagata kahalAte haiN| siddhoM ne kAla kI samasta sthiti, paryAyoM ko samApta kara diyA hai, ataH ve kAlagata kahalAte haiN| unmuktakarmakavaca ___ sarva karmo se unmukta hone se, chUTa jAne se unmukta karma kavaca kahe jAte haiM / ve ajara = umra kA abhAva, amara = mRtyu kA abhAva, asaMga = sarva prakAra ke klezoM kA abhAva hone se asaMga kahe jAte haiN| lokAgramupagata-loka ke agra sthAna ke prApta kara lene se lokAgramupagata kahe jAte haiN| . isake atirikta anya paryAyeM bhI ullikhita haiM- asaMsArasamApannaka, bhagavAn anArambhI, alezI, avIrya, caramazarIrI, siddhigatika, anindriya, akAyika, avedaka, anAhAraka, alamastu, Adi aneka saMjJAe~ siddha parameSThI kI upalabdha hotI hai| jisakA ullekha hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| siddha ke bheda siddha ke pandraha bheda nimna hai| 1. tIrthasiddha-jo tIrtha kI sthApanA ke pazcAt tIrtha meM dIkSita hokara siddha ho haiM, jaise RSabhadeva ke gaNadhara RSabhasena aadi| ___ 2. atIrthasiddha-jo tIrtha kI sthApanA se pahale siddha hote haiM, jaise marUdevI maataa| 3. tIrthakarasiddha-jo tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM siddha hote haiM, jaise-RSabha aadi| 4. atIrthaMkarasiddha-jo sAmAnya kevalI ke rUpa meM siddha hote haiN| 5. svayaMbuddhasiddha-jo svayaM bodhi prApta kara siddha hote haiN| 1. Ava. niyukti 101 (987) 2. pratikramaNa siddhastva sUtra (siddhANaM-buddhANa) 3. sthAnAMga. 1214-229

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(115) 6. pratyekabuddhasiddha-jo kisI eka bAhya nimitta se prabuddha hokara siddha hote haiN| 7. buddhabodhitasiddha-jo AcArya Adi ke dvArA bodhi prApta kara siddha hote haiN| 8. strIliMgasiddha-jo strI ke zarIra se siddha hote haiN| 9. puruSaliMgasiddha-jo puruSa ke zarIra se siddha hote haiN| 10. napuMsakaliMgasiddha-jo kRta napuMsaka ke zarIra se siddha hote haiN| 11. svaliMgabuddha-jo nirgrastha ke veza meM siddha hote haiN| 12. anyaliMgasiddha-jo nirgranthetara bhikSu ke veza meM siddha hote haiN| 13. gRhaliMgasiddha-jo gRhastha ke veza meM siddha hote haiN| 14. eka siddha-jo eka samaya meM eka siddha hote haiN| 15. anekasiddha-jo eka samaya meM do se lekara utkRSTataH eka sau ATha taka siddha hote haiN| ___ mokSa eka hai', siddhi eka hai, siddha eka hai, parinirvANa eka hai, parinirvata eka hai', tIrtha siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai, atIrtha siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai", svayaMbuddha siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai', pratyeka buddha siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai, buddha bodhita siddhoM kI vargaNA", eka hai, strIliMga siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai1, puruSaliMga siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai 2, naMpusaka siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai3, saliMga siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai, anyaliMgasiddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai15, gRhaliMga siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai16, eka siddha kI vargaNA eka hai17, aneka siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai18, aprathama samaya siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai19, isI prakAra yAvat anantasamaya siddhoM kI vargaNA eka hai| ___ yahA~ ina sUtroM meM siddha kI ekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai aura unake pandraha bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM-1. siddha 2. saMsArI karmamukta jIva siddha kahalAte haiN| siddhoM meM AtmA kA pUrNa vikAsa ho cukA hai| vAstava meM Atmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se unameM koI bheda nahIM hai| ise abheda 1-20. sthanAMga sUtra-1.10, 51, 52, 53, 54, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 228, 229

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(116) kI dRSTi se yahAM kahA gayA hai| unameM bheda kA pratipAdana pUrvajanma ke vividha saMbaMdha sUtroM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| ina pandraha bhedoM ke chaH varga banate haiM (1) prathama varga se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki Atmika nirmalatA prApta ho to saMghabaddhatA aura saMghamuktatA ina donoM avasthAoM meM mukti prApta kI jA sakatI hai| (2) dUsare varga kI dhvani yaha hai ki Atmika nirmalatA prApta hone para hara vyakti siddhi prApta kara sakatA hai, phira vaha saMgha ka netA ho yA usakA anuyaayii| (3) tIsare varga kA Azaya yaha hai ki bodhi kI prApti hone para siddhi prApta kI jA sakatI hai, phira vaha (bodhi) kisI bhI prakAra se huI ho| __ (4) cauthe varga kA hArda yaha hai ki strI aura puruSa donoM zarIroM se siddhi prApta kI jA sakatI hai| (5) pA~caveM varga se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki Atmika nirmalatA aura vezabhUSA kA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha nahIM hai| sAdhanA kI prakharatA prApta hone para kisI bhI veza meM siddhi prApta kI jA sakatI hai| (6) chaThA varga siddha hone vAle jIvoM kI saMkhyA aura samaya se saMbaMdhita hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM siddha ke vyAvahArika caudaha bhedoM kA kathana kiyA hai jisakA ullekha hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| siddha parameSThI ke guNa samavAya ke 31 veM AlApaka meM siddha ke ikatIsa guNaM kA nirdeza hai| yaha nirdeza do prakAra se prApta hotA hai| samavAyAMga meM nirdiSTa ye ikatIsa guNa ATha karmoM ke kSaya ke AdhAra para saMgrahita hai 1. jJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSaya se niSpanna-5 (1-5) 2. darzanAvaraNa karma ke kSaya se niSpakSa-9 (6-14) 3. vedanIya karma ke kSaya se niSpanna-2 (15-16) 4. mohanIya karma ke kSaya se niSpanna-2 (17-18) 5. AyuSya karma ke kSaya se niSpanna-4 (19-22) 6. gotra karma ke kSaya se niSpanna-2 (23-24) 7. nAma karma ke kSaya se niSpanna-2 (25-26) 8. antarAya karma ke kSaya se niSpanna-5 (27-31) isa prakAra aSTa karmoM ke kSaya se niSpanna ye 31 guNa haiN|

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(117) dUsarA prakAra Avazyaka sUtra ke pratikramaNAdhyayana' meM ye dUsare prakArase nirdiSTa haiM saMsthAna, varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza tathA veda ke AdhAra para ikatIsa guNoM kA vibhAjana isa prakAra hai 1-5 saMsthAna ke pA~ca bheda-na parimaNDala, na vRtta, na trikoNa, na catuSkoNa aura na aayt| 6-10 varNa ke pA~ca bheda-na kRSNa, na nIla, na lAla, na pIta, na shukl| 11-12 gaMdha ke do bheda-na sugaMdha, na durgandha / 13-17 rasa ke pA~ca bheda-na tikta, na kaTu, na kaSAya, na amla, na madhura / 18-25 sparza ke ATha bheda-na karkaza, na mRdu, na guru, na laghu, na zIta, na uSNa, na snigdha, aura na ruukss| 26-28 veda ke tIna bheda-na strIveda, na puruSa veda, na napuMsaka veda 21-31 na zarIravAn-na janmadhArI, aura na lepyukt| ye ikatIsa guNa AcArAMga ke Atma svarUpa kI vyAkhyA meM bhI nirdiSTa hai| siddhoM ke guNoM meM ina ikatIsa guNoM ke atirikta prasiddha ATha guNoM kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| ye ATha guNa haiM (1) ananta jJAna, (2) ananta darzana (3) avyAbAdha sukha (4) kSAyika samyaktva (5) ajarAmara (6) amUrta (7) agurulaghu (8) anantavIrya3 . digambara mAnyatA meM ina ATha guNoM meM kucha bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai| ye ajarAmara evaM amUrta sthAna para sUkSmatva evaM avagAhanatva svIkAra karate haiN|' bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM dhavalA meM siddha parameSThI ke Atyantika guNoM kA bhI nirdeza hai| ve haiM-akaSAyatva, avedatva. akArakatva, deharAhitya, acalatva, aleptv| yaha ullekha hai ki siddhoM ke ATha guNoM meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA cAra guNa milAne para bAraha guNa bhI mAne gaye haiN| 1. Ava. prati. pR. 151-152 2. AcAra 1.5.6. 176 3. pravacana sAra. 60, dhavalA 7-2, 1.7. gA. 4-11, 14-15 4. laghu siddha bhakti-8, vastu. zrA. 537, dra. saM. TI. 14.42.2. 5. bhagavatI ArAdhanA-2157.1847, dhavalA: 7.2, 1, 7 gA. 4-11, 14-15

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(118) vastu ke anantadharmAtmaka hone se siddha parameSThI ke bhI ananta guNa ho jAte haiM / prastuta meM siddha ke prasiddha ATha guNa evaM ikattIsa guNoM ke sAtha kucha atirikta guNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| vAstava meM ye sarva guNa aSTa karma ke kSaya kI apekSA se hI niSpanna hote haiM, jaisA ki hamane pAyA hai| guNoM kA prAdurbhAva karmoM ke apagama para nirdhArita hai| 2. siddhigati-svarUpa sthiti jaba AtmA zuddhAvasthA ko prApta karatI hai, jo ki sarva karma-maloM se mukta hone ke pazcAt kI sthiti hai| usa muktAvasthA ke pazcAt usakA avasthAna kahA~ hotA hai? vedAntI AtmA ko vyApaka mAnate haiN| tathA zuddhAtmA brahma meM vilIna ho jAtI hai, svIkAra kiyA hai| bauddha darzana kA nirvANa 'nAza' ko sUcita karatA hai| jaina paramparA hI siddhi gati kA svarUpa nirdhArita karatI hai| jaba AtmA sarva karmoM kA kSaya kara detI haiM, taba urdhvagamana svabhAva ke phalasvarUpa urdhvagamana karatI huI siddhaloka meM jAkara avasthita hotI hai| yaha siddhabhUmi ISatprAgabhAra pRthvI ke Upara sthita hai| eka yojana meM kucha kama hai| aise niSkampa va sthira sthAna meM siddha sthita hote haiN| __ yaha siddhigati sarvArthasiddha indra ke dhvajadaNDa se 12 yojanamAtra Upara jAkara AThavIM pRthvI para sthita haiN| usake uparima aura adhastana tala meM se pratyeka tala kA vistAra pUrva pazcima meM rUpa se rahita (arthAt vAtavalayoM kI moTAI se rahita) eka rAjU pramANa hai| vetrAsana ke sadRza vaha pRthivI uttara dakSiNa bhAga meM kucha kama sAta rAjU lambI hai| isakI moTAI ATha yojana hai| yaha pRthivI ghanodadhivAta, ghanavAta aura tanuvAta ina tIna vAyuoM se yukta hai| inameM se pratyeka vAyu kA bAhalya 20,000 yojana pramANa hai| usake bahumadhya bhAga meM cA~dI evaM suvarNa ke sadRza aura nAnA ratnoM se paripUrNa ISatprAgabhAra nAmaka kSetra hai| yaha kSetra uttAna dhavala chatra ke sadRza yA U~dhe kaTore ke sadRza AkAra se sundara aura 45,00,000 lAkha yojana (manuSyakSetra) pramANa vistAra se saMyukta hai| usakA madhya bAhulya (moTAI) ATha yojana hai usake Age ghaTate-ghaTate aMta meM eka aNgulmaatr| aSTamabhUmi meM sthitasiddhakSetra kI paridhi manuSya kSetra kI paridhi ke samAna hai| . 1. Ava. 157-326 2. bhagavatI A. 2133 3. tiloyapaNNatI 7.652-658 4. vahI

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(119) usa AThavIM pRthivI ke Upara 7050 dhanuSa jAkara siddhoM kA AvAsa hai| isa AvAsa kSetra kA pramANa (kSetraphala)-hai 840440815625/8 yojn|' __jahA~ para janma, jarA, maraNa, bhaya, saMyoga, viyoga, duHkha, saMjJA aura rogAdi nahIM hote, vaha siddhigati kahalAtI hai| mokSa zuddha ratnatraya kI sAdhanA se aSTa karmoM kI AtyantikI nivRtti dravyamokSa hai aura rAgAdi bhAvoM kI nivRtti bhAvamokSa hai| yaha manuSya gati se hI saMbhava hai, anya naraka, tiryaJca, deva, gati se nhiiN| antima bhava (jIvana) meM svAbhAvika urdhvagati se loka ke zikhara para jA virAjateM haiN| jahA~ anantakAla eka ananta atIndriya sukha kA upabhoga karate hue, carama zarIra hotA hai| jaina paramparA unake pradezoM kI sarva vyApakatA svIkAra nahIM krtii| aura na hI ise nirguNa-zUnya mAnate haiN| jitane jIva mukta hote haiM, utane hI nigoda rAzi se nikalakara vyavahAra rAzi meM A jAte haiN| isase loka kabhI jIvoM se rikta nahIM hotaa| mokSa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa ___ baMdha hetuoM (mithyAtva kaSAyAdi) ke abhAva aura nirjarA se saba karmoM kA Atyantika kSaya honA hI mokSa hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA karmamala (aSTakarma), kalaMka (rAga, dveSa, moha) aura zarIra ko apane se sarvathA pRthak kara detA hai, phalasvarUpa usake acintya svAbhAvika jJAnAdi guNa evaM avyAbAdha sukha ko prApta karatA hai| yaha mokSa zabda 'mokSaNaM mokSaH' kriyApradhAna bhAva sAdhana hai| mokSa asane dhAtu se banA hai athavA jinase karmoM kA samUla uccheda ho vaha tathA karmoM kA pUrNarUpa se chUTanA hai| jisa prakAra bandhanayukta prANI ber3I Adi ke chUTa jAne para svatantra hokara yatheccha gamana karatA huA sukhI hotA hai, usI prakAra karmabandhana kA viyoga hone para AtmA svAdhIna hokara jJAnAdi rUpa anupama sukha kA anubhava karatA hai| isa prakAra AtmasvabhAva se mUla va uttara karma prakRtiyoM ke saMcaya kA chUTa jAnA hI mokSa hai| 1. vahI. 9.3-4 2. dhavalA. 1/1, 1, 24 gA. 132/204, gommaTasArajI, va. 152, 375 3. tattvArthasUtra 10.2 4. savArtha siddha 1.1 utthAnikA, paramAtma prakAza 2.10, jJAnArNava 3.6-10, niyamasAra tA. vR-4, dravyasaMgraha TIkA-301, 154.5, syAddhAdamaMjarI 8.86.3 5. rAjavArtika 1.4.27.12, 1.1.37.10, 15, 1.4 : 13. 26.9. dha. 13.5.5.82.348. 9 6. nayacakra (bRhad) 159, samayasAra (AtmakhyAti) 288.

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(120) mokSa ke bheda sAmAnya kI apekSA mokSa eka hI prakAra kA hai kintu dravya, bhAva, bhoktavya kI dRSTi se aneka prakAra kA hai| dhavalAkAra ne isake tIna bheda kiye haiM___ jIva mokSa, padagala mokSa evaM jIva pudgala mokss| anya sthala para dravya va bhAva mokSa kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| dravya mokSa tathA bhAva mokSa kise kahA jAya? usakA lakSaNa kyA hai usakA ullekha hai ki kSAyika jJAna, darzana va yathAkhyAtacAritra nAmavAle (zuddharatnatrayAtmaka) jina pariNAmoM se niravazeSa karma AtmA se dUra kiye jAte haiM, una pariNAmoM ko bhAvamokSa kahate haiM tathA sampUrNa karmoM kA AtmA se alaga ho jAnA arthAt karmoM kA AtmA se alaga ho jAne kI prakriyA dravyamokSa hai| bhAvamokSa evaM jIvanmukti honA ekArthavAcaka hai| isa prakAra svarUpa meM avasthAna hI mokSa hai| loka ke agrabhAga meM sthita honA, yaha saba vyavahAra se hai, kintu nizcaya se nija AtmA meM jyoM ke tyoM atyanta avicala rUpa se rahanA haiN| isa prakAra mokSa ke bheda kahe gaye haiN| siddhigatiH paryAya jaina AgamoM meM siddhigati nAmaka sthAna kI bAraha paryAyoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai, ye dvAdaza nAma kisa apekSA se kahe gaye haiM? ve kyA artha bhinnatA lie hue hai? usakI vyAkhyA aupapAtika upAGga sUtra ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri nimna prakAra se karate haiM 1. ISat __ ISat kA artha hai alp| yaha pRthivI anya pRthviyoM kI apekSA pramANa meM alpa hai (kama hai) ataH isako 'ISat' kahA gayA hai| 1. rAjavArtika 1.7.14.40 cha 24 2. dhavalA. 13.5, 5, 823.48.1 3. nayacakravarti 159, dravya saMgraha TIkA 37.154.7 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 38.134.18, paMcA. tAvR. 108, 173.10 5. syAdvAda maMjarI-8.86.1 6. aupapAtika sUtra-165 7. aupapAtika sUtra vRtipatra-165

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(121) 2.ISatprAgbhArA isakA artha hai alpbhaarvaalii| yaha pRthvI ratnaprabhA Adi anya pRthviyoM kI apekSA alpa bhAravAlI hone se ise ISatprAgbhArA kahA gayA hai| AgamoM meM yahI nAma adhika prayukta huA hai| 3. tanu ____ tanu se tAtparya hai ptlii| isako tanu isIlie kahA gayA hai ki yaha patalI hai| 4. tanutanu arthAt atyanta ptlii| yaha pRthviI paridhi ke kinAre para atyanta patalI hai, jisakI upamA dI gaI hai ki yaha makkhI ke paMkha se bhI patalI hai| 5. siddhi __ AtmA ke prayojanoM kI siddhi ho jAne se upacAra se isako siddhi bhI kahA gayA hai| vAstava meM siddhi to AtmA kI hotI hai, jo ki sarvakarmakSayajanya hai| yadyapi siddhoM kA sthAna yaha hai isalie ise siddhi bhI kahA gayA hai| 6. siddhAlaya ____ Alaya se tAtparya hai sthaan| siddhoM kA sthAna hone se, ise siddhAlaya bhI kahA gyaa| 7. mukti ___ AtmA kI karmoM se mukti ho jAtI hai| mukta-AtmAoM kA pratiSThAna hone se ise mukti bhI kahA gyaa| 8. muktAlaya pUrvokta siddhAlaya kI bhAMti hI ise muktAlaya bhI kahA gayA hai| 9. lokAgra yaha sthAna samasta caudaha rAja loka ke agrabhAga para hone se ise lokAgra ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| 10. lokAgrastUpikA yaha sthAna lokAgra meM stUpa ke samAna dRSTigata hotA hai, ataH ise lokAgrastUpikA kahA gyaa|

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(122) 11. lokAgrapratibodhanA jisake dvArA loka ke agrabhAga kA bodhana hotA hai arthAt jAnA jAtA hai, isase lokAgrapratibodhanA hai| 12. sarvaprANabhUtajIvasattva sukhAvahA __ samasta prANa-do, tIna cAra iMdriya vAle jIva, bhUta-vanaspati kAya ke jIva, jIva-paMcendriya jIva, sattva-pRthvIkAya-ye samagra jIva jaba siddhazilA para pRthvIkAya ke rUpa meM utpanna hote haiM, taba pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ko sukhAvaha hotI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki pRthvIkAya ke jIva vahA~ sukhI hote haiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki ina jIvoM ko duHkha do prakAra se hotA hai| parakAyazastra evaM svkaayshsr| para kAya arthAt apkAya agnikAya, vAyukAyAdi ke jIvoM ke dvArA yA unake zarIra ke saMgharSa rUpa zastra se hiMsA janya du:kh| vahA~ mAtra pRthvIkAya hI hone se parakAyazastra kI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM hai| svakAyajanya zastra se bhI vahA~ duHkhAnubhUti nahIM hotii| kyoMki anyajIvoM ke dvArA hI unameM saMgharSa-hiMsAdi ho sakate hai, pRthvIkAya se nhiiN| ataH svakAyazastra janya duHkha bhI vahA~ nahIM hai| isI kAraNa isa pRthvI ko sarvaprANabhUtajIvasattva sukhAvahA kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra siddhigati ke dvAdaza nAma arthabhinnatA ko lie hai| apekSA bheda se inakI ye bAraha paryAyeM kahI gaI hai| 3. aSTa-karma-kSaya-svarUpaH siddhi ___ gata pRSThoM meM hamane siddha viSayaka avadhAraNA saMbaMdhita prarUpaNA kI vivecanA kii| jisameM siddha, unakA svarUpa, prakAra, guNa, vyutpatiparaka artha, siddhi, mokSa Adi ke svarUpa kA jJAna kiyaa| una saba meM yahI eka tAratamya nikalatA hai ki jisane bhI aSTa karmoM kA kSaya kiyA hai, unakA samUloccheda kiyA hai, vaha siddha pada kA varaNa kara sakatA hai| aSTakarmoM meM se eka kI bhI upasthiti ho to vaha AtmA mukta nahIM ho sktaa| ina karmoM kI zrRMkhalA meM Abaddha jIva chadmastha (saMsArI) kahalAtA hai| jaba yaha zrRMkhalA TUTa jAtI hai, karma-nAza ho jAte haiM taba vaha mukta ho sakatA hai| karmoM kA baMdhana jIva ko isa prakAra jakar3a kara rakhatA hai ki vaha unake phalasvarUpa bhavabhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| anAdi kAla se yaha AtmA aura karma kA saMyoga usako janma-jarA-mRtyu ke pAza meM phaMsA rakhatA hai| mukta hone kI pahalI zarta hai karma kSaya honaa| karma-kSaya hone para jIva tatkSaNa mukti pA sakatA

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(123) hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA kA mukti prApti kA siddhAnta sampUrNa karma kSaya para nirdhArita hai| ye karma kauna-kauna se haiM? jinakA nAza mukti ke lie avazyambhAvI hai| karmasiddhAnta __ jaina paramparA yaha mAnya karatI hai ki AtmA ke sAtha karma anAdi kAla se saMlagna hai| jisa prakAra khAna meM suvarNa evaM upala (miTTI) eka dUsare se saMzliSTa hai, kSIra-nIra kI bhAMti samizraNa hai, usI prakAra jIva va karma bhI paraspara saMyukta hai| jaise puruSArtha evaM vibhinna kasauTiyoM se suvarNa se upala alaga kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra karmasaMyogI AtmA bhI bala-vIrya parAkrama se karma viyukta ho jAtI hai| evaM AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta kara letI hai| isa karmanAza meM AtmA kA svayaM kA puruSArtha hI apekSita hai| IzvarIyakRpA, daivIyazakti, sAkSAtkAra isameM sahAyaka nahIM ho skte| AtmalAbha svayaM ke puruSArtha para hI nirbhara hai| vrata-tapa saMyama-nirjarA karmanAza meM sahAyaka hote haiN| mUla rUpa se karma ATha haiM, kintu unakI uttara prakRtiyA~ aneka haiN| ina ATha karmoM meM se cAra karma ghAtI haiM tathA cAra karma aghAtI haiN| koI jIva eka sAtha ATha karmoM (ghAtI evaM aghAtI) kA kSaya karake siddha ho jAte haiM, to koI jIva pahale cAra ghAtI karma evaM AyuSya kI pUrNatA ke samaya zeSa cAra aghAtI karmoM kA kSaya karate haiN| aba hama ina karmoM ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM vicAra kreNge| aSTakarma jaina zAstroM meM karma ke mukhya ATha bheda kahe gae haiM1.jJAnAvaraNa 2. darzanAvaraNa 3. vedanIya 4. mohanIya 5. Ayu 6. nAma 7. gotra 8. antarAya 1. jJAnAvaraNa-yaha karma AtmA kI jJAnazakti ko AcchAdita karatA hai| jaise jaise isa karma kA jora bar3hatA jAtA hai, vaise vaise yaha jJAnazakti ko adhikAdhika dabAtA jAtA hai| buddhi kA adhikAdhika vikAsa hone kA mukhya kAraNa isa karma 1. tattvArtha sUtra 6.11-26

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(124) kA zithila honA hai| vizva meM dRzyamAna bauddhika vibhinnatA kA kAraNa isa karma kI bhinna-bhinna avasthA hai| isa karma kA sampUrNa kSaya hone para kevalajJAna (pUrNapratyakSajJAna) prakaTa hotA hai| A~kha para paTTI bA~dhane svarUpa jJAnAvaraNIya karma hai| 2. darzanAvaraNa-yaha karma darzana zakti ko AvRtta karatA hai| jJAna aura darzana meM vizeSa bheda nahIM hai| prArambha meM hone vAle sAmAnya AkAra ke jJAna ko 'darzana' kahate haiN| kisI manuSya yA vastu ke dRSTigocara hone para pahale usakA sAmAnya prakAra se jo bhAna hotA hai, vaha darzana hai aura pIche usakA vizeSa prakAra se bodha honA, vaha jJAna hai| nidrA, andhatva, badhiratva Adi isa karma ke phala haiN| pratihArya (caukIdAra) ke samAna darzanAvaraNIya karma hai| 3. vedanIya-vedanIya karma kA kArya sukha duHkha kA anubhava karAnA hai| sukha kA anubhava karAne vAle ko sAtAvedanIya aura duHkha kA anubhava karAne vAle ko asAtAvedanIya karma kahate haiN| madhu lipta khaDga ke samAna vedanIya karma hai| 4. mohanIya karma-jo moha utpanna kare vaha mohanIya karma hai| strI para moha, putra para, mitra para tathA iSTa evaM rocaka vastuoM para, isa prakAra jar3a evaM cetana vastuoM para moha honA mohanIya karma ke pariNAma haiN| moha meM aMdha vyakti ko kartavya-akartavya kA bhAna nahIM rhtaa| jisa prakAra zarAbI vyakti ko vastu kA vAstavika svarUpa samajha nahIM AtA, vaha unmatta hokara utpathagAmI banatA hai| usI prakAra mohAndha jIva tattva ko tattvadRSTi se samajha nahIM sakatA aura ajJAna evaM jhUThI samajha meM gote lagAtA rahatA hai| moha kI lIlA apAra hai| usake citra-vicitra ananta udAharaNa saMsAra meM sarvatra dikhAI dete haiN| AThoM karmoM meM yaha karma AtmasvarUpa ko hAni pahu~cAne meM sabase adhika aura mukhya bhAga letA hai| isa karma ke do bheda haiM (1) tattvadRSTi ko AvRtta karane vAlA 'darzanamohanIya karma' aura (2) cAritra kA avarodhaka 'cAritramohanIya krm|' mohanIya ke nAza se hI jIva samyaktva prApta karake, saMsAra se parinivRtta ho sakatA hai| ___5. AyuSya-isa karma ke cAra bheda haiM-1. devatA kA AyuSya 2. manuSya kA 3. tiryaJca kA 4. nAraka jIvoM kA aayussy| kArAgRha meM jisa prakAra pairoM meM jaMjIra par3I ho, taba taka manuSya baMdhana se chUTa nahIM sktaa| usI prakAra deva, manuSya, tiryaJca aura naraka ina cAra gatiyoM ke jIva jaba taka AyuSya pUrNa na ho, taba taka vahA~ se chUTa nahIM skte|

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(125) 6. nAma-nAma karma ke aneka bheda/prabheda haiN| parantu saMkSepa meM acchA yA burA zarIra, acchA yA burA rUpa, susvara yA duHsvara, yaza athavA apayaza Adi isa karma para avalambita haiN| nAma karma ke vipAka (phala) se hI ekendriyAdi jAti aura manuSyAdi gati prApta hotI hai| jisa prakAra citrakAra bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke acche bure citra banAtA hai, usI prakAra prANiyoM ke vividha dehAkAroM, rUpAkAroM, racanAkAroM kA nirmANa karane vAlA yaha karma hai| 7. gotra-gotrakarma ke do bheda haiM-ucca gotra aura nIca gotra / prazasta athavA garhita sthAna meM, saMskArI athavA asaMskArI kuTumba meM janma honA isa karma kA pariNAma hai| 8. antarAya-isa karma kA kArya vighna upasthita karane kA hai| suvidhA ho aura dharma kI samajha bhI ho phira bhI manuSya dAna na de sake, vairAgya athavA tyAgavRtti na hone parabhI manuSya apane dhana kA upabhoga na kara sake, aneka prakAra ke buddhipUrvaka prayatna karane para bhI vyApAra-rojagAra meM saphalatA na mile athavA hAni uThAnI paDe- zarIra puSTa hone para bhI udyamazIla na ho, isa karma ke pariNAma svarUpa hai| puruSArtha, udyama isa karma ke nAza para avalambita hai| ghAtI evaM aghAtI karma jo karma AtmA ke nijasvarUpAtmaka kevalajJAna Adi mukhya guNoM kA ghAta karate haiM (una guNoM ke AvAraka) haiM, ve ghAtI karma haiM / aSTa karmoM meM se jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ye cAra ghAtIkarma haiN| ina cAra ghAtI karmoM ke kSaya hone para kevalajJAna-kevaladarzana prakaTa hotA hai| isa jJAna ke prakaTa hone ke sAtha hI AtmA pUrNadraSTA-pUrNajJAnI banatA hai| ___isake pazcAt jaba AyuSya pUrNa hone kA samaya hotA hai taba avaziSTa cAra karma yathA AyuSya, nAma, gotra, vedanIya kA kSaya karatA hai| ye aghAtI athavA bhavopagrAhI (bhava arthAt saMsAra athavA zarIra, use TikAnevAlA) kahalAte haiN| inakA kSaya karake usI samaya sIdhA urdhvagamana karatA huA kSaNamAtra meM loka ke agrabhAga para avasthita ho jAtA hai| yahI avasthA mokSAvasthA athavA siddhAvasthA hai| sarva karma mukta jIva ko hI siddha kahA jAtA hai| 4. mukta jIvoM kA urdhvagamana karma mukta AtmA siddha hotI hai, aura siddhigati nAmaka sthAna para jo ki

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(126) lokAnta jAkara pratiSThita hotI hai, aisA pUrvollekha kiyA gyaa| yahA~ para zaMkA hotI hai ki karmarahita AtmA ko kiMcit nyUna sAta rAju pramANa gati kaise saMbhava hotI hai? yahA~ punaH prazna ubharatA hai ki karmarahita jIva kI gamanakriyA meM kyA hetu hai? to kahA gayA karma hetu hai| yadi aisA kahA jAye to pudgalamaya nirjIva karma jIva ko mokSa meM le jAne ke sAmarthya meM kauna sA hetu mAnA gayA hai? to yahA~ isake samAdhAna meM kahA gayA hai ki arUpI jIva dravya caitanyavAlA kaise hai? jisa prakAra caitanya jIva kA vizeSa dharma hai, usI prakAra mokSagamana rUpa kriyA bhI usake vizeSadharma svarUpa svIkAra kI gaI hai| jisa prakAra miTTI ke saMgarahita hone para tuMbaDA, baMdhanoccheda hone se eraMDaphala, tathAvidha pariNAma se dhUma athavA agni aura pUrva prayoga se dhanuSa se chUTe tIra kI jisa prakAra urdhvagati hotI hai, usI prakAra siddha parameSThI kI bhI sarva karma kSaya hone se urdhvagati hotI hai| pAnI meM miTTI se lipta tuMbaDe kA lepa dUra ho jAne para avazya hI urdhvagati (bhAva) hotI hai| vaha usa niyama se anyathA nahIM jAtA, evaM.jala kI sataha se Upara bhI nahIM jaataa| usI prakAra karma kA lepa dUra hone se avazyameva-niyama se siddha kI bhI urdhvagati hotI hai, anyathAgati nahIM hotI evaM loka ke Upara (aloka) meM bhI gati nahIM hotii| - isI prakAra baMdhana kA cheda hone se prerita eraMDAdi ke phala jaldI Upara jAte haiM, agni tathA dhUma kI Urdhvagati pariNAma hotA hai| usI prakAra vimukta AtmA kA bhI svabhAva se hI Urdhvagati pariNAma hotA hai| agni evaM dhUma svabhAvakAla meM Urdhvagati bhAva ko prApta hote haiM, usI prakAra siddha ko bhI svakarmapariNAma kI apekSA siddhatva kI bhA~ti urdhvagatipariNAma prApta hotA hai| dhanuSa aura puruSa ke prayatna se prerita tIra kA bhinna pradeza meM gamana hotA hai usI ke sadRza karmarUpa gati kA kAraNa dUra hone para hI pUrvaprayoga se siddhigati hotI hai| vimukta AtmA kI lokAnta paryanta gati hotI hai| jisa prakAra kuMbhAra kA cakra pUrvaprayoga se sakriya hotA hai usI prakAra eka samaya mAtra meM muktAtmA kI bhI urdhvagati rUpa kriyA hotI hai| 1. jJAtA dharmakathA-6 2. vizeSA. bhA. 3136-3150, 956, 325

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(127) isa prakAra yahA~ halke hone se tuMbaDe, eraNDAdi ke phala, dhanuSa kA tIra, agni, dhUma tathA kuMbhAra ke cakra ke dRSTAnta se siddhAtmA kI urdhvagati rUpa svabhAva ko siddha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi amUrta siddha AtmA akriya hai, kriyAzIla nahIM hotaa| isameM hetu karma-kSaya hai tathApi karmamuktatA evaM urdhvagamana rUpa svabhAva ke kAraNa vaha lokAnta para jAkara sthita ho jAtA hai| usake Age aloka hone se vahA~ gamana saMbhava nhiiN| ___ aloka meM gamana kyoM nahIM hotA? yaha zaMkA honA svAbhAvika hai, to isakA samAdhAna hai ki gati meM sahAyaka dharmAstikAya hai evaM sthiti meM sahAyaka adharmAstikAya hai| SaD dravyoM kI vidyamAnatA lokAkAza meM hI hai, aloka meM nhiiN| ataH siddha jIvoM kI gati aloka meM saMbhava nhiiN| isa prakAra muktAtmAoM kA urdhvagamana yahA~ siddha kiyA gayA hai| siddhoM kA anuparAgamana jisameM rahA jAtA hai use sthAna kahA jAtA hai, isa vyutpatti se sthAna zabda adhikaraNa vAcI hai| ataH siddha kA sthAna siddhasthAna kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ zaMkA hotI hai vahA~ se siddha kA patana honA caahiye| kyoMki jaise parvata athavA vRkSa ke agrabhAga para se devadatta kA athavA phala kA patana hotA hai, usI ke sadRza siddhoM kA bhI siddhasthAna se patana honA caahie| kyoMki hara eka kA jisakA jo sthAna ho usakA usa sthAna se patana dRSTigata hotA hai| ataH siddha kA bhI patana honA caahie| ___ yahA~ isakA samAdhAna bhASyakAra karate haiM ki 'siddha kA sthAna' isa pada meM kartA ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai, isase siddha jahA~ avasthita haiM, vaha sthAna siddha se arthAntara-bhinna aisA sthAna nahIM samajhanA caahiye| athavA vaha sthAna yadi arthAntara bhI mAnA jAe to bhI siddha kA patana honA yogya nahIM, kyoMki vaha sthAna AkAza kI taraha nitya hone se usakA vinAza nahIM hotA aura vinAza na hone se mukta kA bhI nahIM hotaa| kyoMki AtmA kA patana Adi kriyAoM meM karma hI kAraNa hai| aura jaba karma kA hI muktAtmAoM meM abhAva hai, to patana saMbhava nahIM hotaa| vastutaH apane prayatna kI preraNA-AkarSaNa-vikarSaNagurutva Adi patana ke kAraNa haiM, ve bhI muktAtmA meM nahIM hote ataH unakA patana kaise ho? 1. vahI 1850-1855

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(128) sAtha hI jo yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'sthAna se patana' vaha bhI svavacana se viruddha hai, kyoMki patana asthAna se hotA hai kintu svasthAna se kadApi nhiiN| yadi sthAna se patana bhI mAnA jAe, taba to AkAza Adi kA apane nitya sthAna se patana kI prApti hone kI saMbhAvanA rahe, jo ki mAnya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra sthAna se avazya patana hotA hai, yaha kathana anaikAntika hai| isa prakAra uparyukta kathana se spaSTa hai ki siddhoM kA siddhAlaya se patana saMbhava nahIM hai| pUrva meM niyukti karate hue bhI kathana hai ki 'Sidh' dhAtu gatyarthaka artha vAlI hone se artha hotA hai ki nirvRttipurI meM jAne ke pazcAt unakI apunarAvRtti hotI hai| mokSanagarI meM jAne ke pazcAt punaH saMsAra meM unakA Agamana nahIM hotaa| __ zakrastava meM bhI yahI ullekha hai ki 'apuNarAvitti-siddhigai-nAmadheyaMThANaM saMpattANaM' arthAt siddhigati nAmaka sthAna ko samprApta karane ke pazcAt unakI punarAvRtti, punaHsaMsAra meM Agamana rUpa AvRtti nahIM hotii| apunarAgamana saMbaMdhI zaMkA-samAdhAna una siddha bhagavanta kA siddhi sthAna se punarAgamana nahIM hotA, karmAbhAva ke kaarnn| kahA hai ki bIja ke jala jAne para aMkura kA prAdurbhAva jisa prakAra saMbhava nahIM hai usI prakAra karmabIja ke jala jAne para bhavAGkura ke utpanna hone kI zakyatA nahIM hotii|' jo AtmA mokSa avasthA ko prApta hokara nirAkulatAmaya sukha kA anubhava kara cukA, vaha punaH saMsAra meM lauTakara nahIM AtA, kyoMki aisA kauna buddhimAn puruSa hogA jo sukhadAyI sthAna ko chor3akara duHkhadAyI sthAna meM Akara rhegaa| ___ jisa prakAra ekabAra kITa se viyukta kiyA gayA svarNa punaH kITa yukta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra jo AtmA eka bAra karmoM se rahita ho cukA hai, vaha punaH karmoM se saMyukta nahIM hotaa| ___isa prakAra uparyukta sandarbho se yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki muktAtmA kA saMsAra meM punarAgamana nahIM hotaa| jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA jA cukA hai ki muktAtmA kI siddhazilA para zAzvata-nitya sthiti hotI hai| 1. vizeSA. 1856-1858 2. pANinIya dhAtu pATha 48. 3. prati. NamutthuNaM sUtra, dhavalA 2 a. 1 kalpasUtra pa.

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(129) yahA~ brAhmaNa paramparA jo avatAra kA dharA para punaH punaH Agamana mAnya karate haiM, vaisA svIkAra nahIM karake apunarAvRtti mAnya kI gaI hai| ve sadAkAla ke lie vahA~ jAkara pratiSThita ho jAte haiN| punarAgamana kA abhAva mAnane se mokSasthAna meM jIvoM kI bhIr3a ho jAvegI aura saMsAra jIvoM se rikta ho jAvegA yaha AzaMkA bhI nahIM karanI caahiye| kyoMki jitane jIva vyavahAra rAzi se nikalakara mokSa jAte haiM, utane hI anAdi avyavahAri (vanaspati) rAzi se nikala kara vyavahAra rAzi meM Ate haiN| nigoda kA anantavA~ bhAga hI mokSa jIvoM se bharA hai unameM se anaMtavA~ bhAga hI jIvoM kA mokSa ho sakatA hai| ataH saMsAra kA jIvoM se rikta hone kI saMbhAvanA hI nhiiN| ___ isa prakAra yaha siddha ho gayA ki siddha parameSThI kA punaH saMsAra meM AvAgamana nahIM hotaa| arhatApekSA bhinnatA __ arhat evaM siddha meM kathaMcit bhedAbheda hai| yadyapi svabhAva kI apekSA se arhat evaM siddha meM kiJcid mAtra bhI bhinnatA na hone para bhI, jJAnAdi guNoM meM samAnatA hone para bhI donoM meM kathaMcit bhinnatA hai| yaha bhinnatA hI eka aisI rekhA khIMca detI hai jo donoM padoM ko alaga kara detI hai| jaisA ki pUrva pRSThoM meM hamane dekhA ki siddha ATha karmoM kA kSaya karate haiN| karmakSaya hone ke pazcAt hI siddha ho sakate haiN| jabaki arhat mAtra cAra ghAtI karmoM kA kSaya karake arhat pada prApta karate haiN| vaise dekhA jAye to cAra aghAtiyA karmoM ke naSTa ho jAne para arhat kI AtmA meM samasta guNoM kA prAkaTya ho jAtA hai| siddha evaM arhat meM guNa kRta bheda to nahIM hotA kintu arhat meM guNoM ke vidyamAna hone para bhI aghAtiyA cAroM karmoM kA udaya evaM sattva donoM pAye jAte haiN| isa prakAra donoM meM guNakRta, bhinnatA bhI kiMcit hai| ___ yahA~ zaMkA hotI hai ki aghAtiyA karma zukladhyAna rUpI agni ke dvArA adhajale se ho jAne ke kAraNa udaya aura sattvarUpa vidyamAna rahate hue bhI kyA 1. mokSa. 6.5, 66 2. syA. maM 29.331.13. 3. navatattva prakaraNa-60

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(130) apanA kArya karane meM samartha nahIM hai? isakA samAdhAna kiyA hai-aisA nahIM hotaa| kyoM ki zarIra ke patana kA abhAva anyathA siddha nahIM hotA ve zarIradhArI hai isalie arhat ke Ayu Adi zeSa karmoM ke udaya aura sattva kI (arthAt unake kArya kI) siddhi ho jAtI hai| __punaH zaMkA hotI hai ki karmoM kA kArya to caurAsIlAkha jIvayonirUpa janma, jarA, maraNa yukta saMsAra hai| vaha aghAtiyA karmoM ke rahane para arhat parameSThI meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| tathA aghAtiyA karma AtmA ke anujIvI guNoM ke ghAta karane meM bhI samartha nahIM hai| isalie arhat va siddha meM guNakRta bheda upayukta nahIM hai? isakA samAdhAna karate haiM ki jIva kA urdhvagamana svabhAva kA pratibandhaka Ayukarma kA udaya aura sukhaguNa kA pratibandhaka vedanIya karma kA udaya aha~toM ke pAyA jAtA hai, isalie donoM meM guNakRta, bheda mAnanA caahie| ___ isa prakAra arhat va siddha meM karmakRt kathaMcit bhinnatA hai| salepatva evaM nirlepatva kI apekSA aura deza bheda kI apekSA se donoM arhat evaM siddha parameSThiyoM meM bheda siddha hai| jo ki ghAtI evaM aghAtI karmoM ke kAraNa hI hai| avatAra-Izvara se bhinna siddhAtmA avatAra-Izvara ke svarUpa se siddha kA svarUpa pUrNarUpeNa bhinna hai| yaha bhinnatva kisa AdhAra se hai? aba hama usakI vivecanA kareMge 1. Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA, racayitA mAnya kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki jaina paramparA use sarjaka kadApi mAnya nahIM krtii| ve Izvara ke rUpa meM use eka hI svIkAra karate haiN| vahI Izvara adharma kA nAza evaM dharma ke abhyudaya ke lie avatAra grahaNa karatA hai| 2. jaina paramparA anekezvaravAdI hai| bhavya jIva mukta hokara siddha pada ko prApta kara sakatA hai| 3. jaina paramparA avatAravAda na mAnakara mokSa meM se apunarAvRtti (vApisa na AnA) svIkAra karatI hai| 4. Izvara nahIM hote haiM, ve to siddha svarUpa hI hai| jaina darzana meM siddha pada ko parama puruSArtha kA pariNAma mAnA hai| 1. dhavalA. 1.1, 1.1.46.2

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(131) 5. anya koI bhI Izvara kI sarvopari sattA ko vahana nahIM kara sktaa| jabaki jaina paramparA meM sarva ko yaha adhikAra pradAna diyA gayA hai| 6. yaha Izvara saMzarIrI bhI hai to azarIrI bhI hai| jabaki jaina muktoM ko azarIrI hI mAnate haiN| 7. Izvara ko azarIra evaM zarIrI rUpa meM vizvavyApI mAnate haiM, jabaki siddha parameSThI ke anantajJAna se lokAloka vyApI mAnA gayA hai| ve lokAgra meM siddhazilA para pratiSThita haiN| ____8. Izvara kI icchA-saMkalpa se saba hotA hai jabaki siddha paramAtmA icchA rahita hote haiN| jaba zarIra nahIM, rAga-dveSa nahIM to icchA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| 9. Izvara ke hI aMza rUpa meM hI jIva haiM, jo ki upAdhi bheda se haiN| jIvoM kA svatantra astittva nahIM hai| jaina jIvoM kA svataMtra astitva mAnate haiN| 10. Izvara hI zubhAzubha ke phala kA dAtA hai, jabaki jaina darzana karmasattA ko balavAn mAnakara Izvara ko phaladAtA svIkAra nahIM krtaa| ____ 11. saMbhavAmi yuge yuge-Izvara ko yuga-yuga meM janma lene vAlA mAnate haiM to yahA~ mukta AtmA kA saMsAra meM punaH prAdurbhAva nahIM mAnA gyaa| 12. Izvara jagat kA niyantA hai, jabaki mukta AtmA ina se sarvathA pare hai| 13. Izvara ko eka mAtra satya evaM jagat ko mithyA, mAyArUpa mAnA hai| siddha kA svarUpa zuddha hai, to jagat aura jIva ko mithyA yA mAyA rUpa nahIM maanaa| 14. Izvara sadA kAla nitya hI hai, jabaki siddha paramAtmAne ghAtI-aghAtI karmoM kA kSaya karake sAdi, ananta, zAzvata sthiti kA varaNa kiyA hai| 15. Izvara ke nivAsa sthAna ke lie koI baikuNTha, to koI zeSazAyI to koI adRzyamAna svIkAra karate hai, jabaki siddhAtmA mokSa meM hI birAjate haiN| 16. Izvara kI pUjA meM use patniyukta tathA AyudharUpa se pUjate haiM, jabaki siddhAtmA azarIrI evaM vItarAgI hai| 17. avatAra kahIM 7, kahIM 10 aura kahI 24 mAne gae haiM, jabaki siddha paramAtmA ananta haiN| vaise uttarakAlIna nyAya vaizeSika mata meM jo Izvara ko nityamukta aura

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(132) sRSTikartA mAnate haiM, ve bhI baMdhanoM kA nAza karake mukta hue muktoM se unheM bhinna svIkAra karate haiN| isI prakAra uttarakAlIna yoga jo Izvara ko to nityamukta mAnate haiM, ve bhI anya kevaliyoM se bhinna mAnate haiN| kintu jaina to nityamukta yA sRSTikartA svarUpa Izvara ko svIkArate hI nahIM hai| mAtra jo bandhanoM kA nAza kara mukta ko hI Izvara, siddha mAnate haiN| hindu purANakAra jo nityamukta sRSTikartA Izvara mAnate haiM, ve avatAra ko vizeSa rUpa se svIkArate haiN| isa prakAra anekazaH bhinnatA hai jo Izva-avatAra se siddhAtmA ko pRthak karatI hai| yahA~ saMkSepa meM usa bhinnatA kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| siddhoM ke svarUpa se Izvara kA svarUpa pUrNatayA bhinna hai| jisakA hamane avalokana kiyaa| vastutaH muktAtmA ke rUpa meM siddha parameSThI kI avadhAraNA kA nirUpaNa jaina paramparA anUThe rUpa meM prastuta karatI hai| jo Izvara, avatAra, brahma, buddha Adi se bhinnatva lie hue hai| 6. 'siddha kI aitihAsikatA' (ka) hindu evaM bauddha paramparA meM hindu paramparA evaM bauddha paramparA meM 'siddha' kA ullekha zabda-apekSA se dRSTigata nahIM hai| siddha' yaha jaina paramparAgata mAnya zabda hai jo ki mukta jIvoM ke lie prayukta huA hai / mukta jIvoM ke lie maulika zabda hI siddha hai| ataH zabdataH siddha svarUpa hindu paramparA evaM bauddha paramparA ko grAhya nahIM hai| jaina paramparA siddha ke atirikta buddha, mukta, pAragata Adi paryAyoM ko siddha artha meM svIkAra karatI hai, kintu rUDha evaM pracalita siddha hI hai| ___ vAstava meM hindu paramparA evaM bauddha paramparA meM mukta zabda zabdataH mAnya nahIM kiyA gyaa| hindu paramparA meM 'brahma' evaM bauddha paramparA meM 'nirvANa' zabda ne isa svarUpa ko dhAraNa kiyA hai| brahma kA svarUpa hindu paramparA meM brahma ke svarUpa meM do prakAra ke brahma kA pratipAdana hai| 1. saguNa brahma 2. nirguNa brahma Rgveda meM brahma zabda kA prayoga prArthanA ke artha meM huA hai| parantu upaniSadoM meM Ate-Ate isa zabda kA artha badala gyaa| vaha usake lie prayoga meM Ane lagA

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(133) jise prArthanA arpita kI jAtI hai arthAt parama tttv| brahma zabda "brahma" dhAtu se vyutpanna hotA hai jisakA artha hai bar3hanA yA phUTa pdd'naa| brahma vaha hai jisameM se sampUrNa zakti aura AtmAoM kI utpatti huI hai yA jisameM se ye phUTa par3e haiN| vizva kI utpatti, sthiti, vinAza kA kAraNa brahma hai| chAndogya upaniSad meM usakI paribhASA meM "tajjalAn" zabda prayukta kiyA hai-brahma vaha (tat) hai jo jagat ko janma letA hai (ja) use apane meM lIna (li) karatA hai aura dhAraNa (ana) karatA hai| taittirIya upaniSad meM bhI isI prakAra kA ullekha hai| isa prakAra svayaM brahma hI vizva kA nimitta evaM upAdAna kAraNa hai| brahma ke saMkalpamAtra se utpatti sthiti ho sakatI hai| yaha brahma kA saguNa rUpa hai| bRhadAraNaka upaniSad meM brahma kI lokAtItatA jJApita karate kahA hai- brahma asIma hai, yaha vizva bhI asIma hai| "asIma brahma se asIma brahma kI utpatti huii| phira bhI asIma brahma asIma hI banA rahatA hai|"3 ___ yadyapi brahma svayaM meM nirguNa hai phira bhI buddhi kI koTiyoM se hameM vaha saguNa pratIta hotA hai| nirguNa brahma sabhI varNanoM se pare hai| hamArI jJAnendriyA~ mana tathA buddhi vahA~ taka pahu~ca nahIM sakatI, usakI kevala anubhUti kI jA sakatI hai| yadi usakA buddhi dvArA varNana karanA hI par3e to sarvottamavarNana 'neti neti' kahakara niSedhAtmaka rUpa se kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaha na sthUla hai, na sUkSma hai, na lambA hai, na choTA hai| vaha mahattama se mahAn tathA sUkSmattama se bhI sUkSma hai| vaha sarvavyApI hai| saMkSepa meM sampUrNa sRSTi meM vahI eka dravya hai| vaha aisA 'eka' hai jise jAna lene para 'saba' kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| use sarvocca satya ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai| brahman jJAna aura paramAnanda tathA prANa ke rUpa meM varNita hai| isa prakAra yahA~ brahma ke 2 rUpa varNita haiM1. saguNa brahma-sRSTi-pralaya kartA 1. chAndogya upa. 3.14.1 2. taittirIya upa. 3.1.1 . 3. bRhadA, upa. 5.1.1. 4. taitirIya upa. 2.4.1 5. bRhadAraNyaka upa. 3, kaTha. upa. 1.3.15, muNDa. upa. 6.1.6 6. chAndogya upa. 5.16.2

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(134) yahA~ hama muktAtmA ke sadRza nirguNa brahma ko mAnya kara sakate haiN| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM isa kA kathana kiyA hai| vaha svarUpa mukta jIvana ke tulya ho sakatA hai| kintu jaina paramparA meM AkhyAta 'siddha' zabda kA brAhmaNa paramparA meM abhAva hI dRSTigata hotA hai| siddha kI bhAMti bheda, guNa, sthiti, avagAhanA, kA ullekha nahIM hai| sAtha hI sarvAdhika bhinnatA to yahA~ hai ki jaina paramparA meM siddha pada kA adhikArI pratyeka bhavyAtmA ho sakatI hai| usameM na liMga bAdhaka hai na vesh| siddha 15 bhedoM se ho sakate haiN| jabaki brahma svarUpa isase atyanta bhinna hai, vahA~ isa brahma tattva ko IzvarIya svarUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai| saguNa brahma se to sRSTi Adi kA utpAdana hotA rahatA hai, vaha bhI siddha pada se saMgata nahIM aura nirguNa brahma mAtra IzvarIya sattA hai, vaha karmamukti ke pariNAma svarUpa nhiiN| yahI pramukha bhinnatA brahma tathA siddha pada meM haiN| ___ bauddha darzana meM siddha-muktAtmA ke svarUpa kA varNana nahIM vat upalabdha hotA hai| mukta vyaktitva ke lie bauddha zabda hai buddh| buddhatva meM sarvajJatA antarnihita hai| kintu buddhAvasthA muktAvasthA nhiiN| isake viSaya meM ela. ema. jozI ne likhA hai ki "antarjJAna kA anubhava ho jAne para vizuddhi aura zAnti A jAtI hai| isalie nirvANa ko, vizuddhi avasthA ko carama yathArtha avasthA kahA hai jo bodhi ke anubhava ke uparAnta prApta hotI hai| vAstava meM yaha anubhava rahasyAtmaka hai|" nirvANa kI avarNanIyatA kA vivecana nAgArjuna ne nimna zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai-vaha kyA hai, jo mukta kiyA gayA hai, na kabhI pahu~ca pAyA hai, na vinaSTa huA hai, na zAzvata hai, na adRzya hai, aura saMracita hai| yahI nirvANa hai| isa prakAra bauddha darzana meM nirvANa kI sthiti avarNanIya kahI gaI hai| aitihAsika dRSTikoNa se 'siddha' zabda kA hindu tathA boddha paramparA meM sarvathA abhAva hai| kintu mukta zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| saMbhava hai yaha siddha pada jaina paramparA kA hI maulika zabda hai| svarUpataH AMzika svarUpa meM nirguNa brahma se kiMcit sAmya avazaya rakhatA hai| 'siddha' zabda ke etihya meM ye donoM paramparAeM zabdataH zUnya hI hai| aba jaina paramparA meM siddha svarUpa kI aitihAsikatA para dRSTipAt kareM 5. taitirIya upa. 3.1 6. Buddhist Meditation and Mysticism in Buddhism 73.

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(135) siddha kI aitihAsikatA (kha) jaina pAramparika rUpa meM siddhoM kA svarUpa vahA~-lokAgra meM sAdi-mokSa-prApti ke kAla kI apekSA se Adi sahita, aparyavasita-antarahita, azarIra, jIvaghana-ghanarUpa-saghana avagAr3ha Atmapradeza yukta, jJAnarUpa sAkAra tathA darzana rUpa anAkAra upayoga sahita, niSThitArthakRtakRtya, sarvaprayojana samApta kiye hue, niraMjana-nizcala, sthira yA niSprakampa, nIraja-karmarUpa raja se rahita nirmala, vitimira-ajJAnarUpa aMdhakAra rahita, vizuddhakarmakSaya niSpanna Atmazuddhiyukta siddha bhagavAna bhaviSya meM zAzvatakAla paryanta (apane svarUpa meM) saMsthita rahate haiN| ve kisa prakAra rahate haiM? jaise agni se dagdha-sarvathA jale hue bIjoM kI punaH aMkaroM ke rUpa meM utpatti nahIM hotI, usI prakAra karma-bIja dagdha hone ke kAraNa siddhoM kI bhI phira janmotpatti nahIM hotii| siddhayamAna ke saMhanana-saMsthAna Adi siddha hote hue jIva kisa saMhanana (daihika asthibaMdha) se siddha hote haiM? ve vajra-RSabha-nArAca saMhanana se siddha hote haiN| saMsthAna chaha saMsthAnoM (samacatusra, nyagrodhaparimaNDala, sAdi, vAmana, kubja, huMDaka) meM se kisI bhI saMsthAna (daihika AkAra) meM siddha ho sakate haiN| avagAhanA siddha jaghanya-kama se kama sAta hAtha tathA utkRSTa-adhika se adhika pA~ca sau dhanuSa kI avagAhanA meM siddha hote haiN| AyuSya ___ kama se kama ATha varSa se kucha adhika AyuSya vAle tathA adhika se adhika karor3a pUrva ke AyuSya vAle siddha hote haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki ATha varSa yA usase kama kI Ayu vAle aura kor3a pUrva se adhika kI Ayu ke jIva siddha nahIM hote haiN| 1. aupapAtika sUtra 154-155.

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(136) siddhoM kA parivAsa isa ratnaprabhA bhUmi ke bahusama ramaNIya bhUbhAga se Upara, candra, sUrya, grahagaNa, nakSatra tathA tAroM ke bhavanoM se bahuta yojana, saiMkaDoM, hajAroM, lAkhoM, karor3oM, kror3Akror3a, yojana se Urdhvatara-bahuta Upara jAne para saudharma, IzAna, sanatkumAra, mAhendra, brahma, lAntaka, mahAzukra, sahasrAra, Anata, prANata, AraNa, acyuta, kalpa tathA tIna sau aThAraha graiveyaka, vimAna-AvAsa se bhI Upara vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta, aparAjita aura sarvArthasiddha mahAvimAna ke sarvocca zikhara ke agrabhAga se bAraha yojana ke antara para Upara ISatprAgbhArA pRthvI kahI gaI hai| - vaha pRthvI paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana lambI tathA caur3I hai| usakI paridhi eka karor3a bayAlIsa lAkha tIsa hajAra do sau unacAsa yojana se kucha adhika hai| vaha ISatprAgbhArA pRthvI apane ThIka madhya meM ATha yojana kSetra meM ATha yojana moTI hai| tatpazcAt moTepana meM kramazaH kucha-kucha kama hotI huI sabase antima kinAroM para makkhI kI pA~kha se patalI hai| una antima kinAroM kI moTAI aMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga ke tulya hai| siddhaH sAra saMkSepa ve siddha kisa sthAna para pratihata hai- Age jAne se rUka jAte haiM? ve kahA~ pratiSThita haiM-avasthita haiM? ve yahA~-isa loka meM deha ko tyAga kara kahA~ jAkara siddha hote haiM? isakA samAdhAna granthakAra bahuta hI sundara rIti se karate haiM aloka meM nahIM jaate| isa martyaloka meM hI deha kA tyAga kara ve siddha sthAna meM jAkara siddha hote haiN| deha kA tyAga karate samaya antima samaya meM jo pradezaghana AkAra-nAka, kAna, udara Adi rikta yA pole aMgoM kI riktatA' yA polepana ke vilaya se ghanIbhUta AkAra hotA hai, vahI AkAra vahA~-siddha sthAna meM rahatA hai| - 1. vahI 156-163 2. vahI 164. 1. aupapAtika sUtra 169

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(137) avagAhanA antima bhava meM dIrgha yA hasva-lambA ThiganA, bar3A choTA jaisA bhI AkAra hotA hai, usameM tihAI bhAga kama meM siddhoM kI avagAhanA-avasthiti yA vyApti hotI hai| siddhoM kI utkRSTa avagAhanA tIna sau taiMtIsa dhanuSa tathA tihAI dhanuSa (battIsa aMgula) hotI hai| madhyama avagAhanA cAra hAtha tathA tihAI bhAga kama eka hAtha (solaha aMgula) hotI hai| jaghanya-nyUnatama avagAhanA eka hAtha tathA ATha aMgula hotI hai| (vAstava meM) siddha antima bhava kI avagAhanA se tihAI bhAga kama avagAhanA yukta hote haiM / jo vArdhakya (bur3hApA) aura mRtyu se vipramukta ho gaI hai| unakA saMsthAna-AkAra kisI bhI laukika AkAra se nahIM miltaa| jahA~ eka siddha haiM, vahA~ bhava kSaya (sAMsArika AvAgamana ke naSTa ho jAne) se mukta hue ananta siddha haiM, jo paraspara avagAr3ha-eka dUsare se mile hue haiN| ve saba lokAnta-lokAgra bhAga kA saMsparza kie hue haiN| (eka-eka) siddha samasta Atma pradezoM dvArA ananta siddhoM kA sampUrNa rUpa se saMsparza kie hue haiN| yoM eka siddha kI avagAhanA meM ananta siddhoM kI avagAhanA hai-eka meM ananta avagAr3ha ho jAte haiM aura unase bhI asaMkhyAtaguNa siddha aise haiM jo dezoM aura pradezoM se katipaya bhAgoM se -eka-dUsare se avagAr3ha haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki ananta siddha to aise haiM jo pUrI taraha eka dUsare meM samAye hue hai aura unase bhI asaMkhyAta guNita siddha aise haiM jo dezoM aura pradezoM sekatipaya aMzoM meM eka dUsare meM samAe hue haiN| armatta hone ke kAraNa unakI ekadUsare meM avagAhanA hone se kisI prakAra kI bAdhA utpanna nahIM hotii| siddhoM kA lakSaNa siddha zarIra rahita, jIvadhana saghana avagAha rUpa Atma pradezoM se yukta tathA darzanopayoga evaM jJAno-payoga meM upayukta haiN| yoM sAkAra-vizeSa upayoga-jJAna tathA anAkAra-sAmAnya upayoga-darzana-cetanA siddhoM kA lakSaNa hai| 1. vahI 170-175 2. vahI 176-177 3. vahI 178

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(138) "ve kevala jJAnopayoga dvArA sabhI padArthoM ke guNoM evaM paryAyoM ko jAnate haiM tathA ananta kevala darzana dvArA sarvataH- saba ora se samasta bhAvoM ko dekhate haiN|" siddhoM ko jo avyAbAdha-sarvathA vighna bAdhArahita, zAzvata sukha prApta haiM, vaha na manuSyoM ko prApta hai aura na samagra devatAoM ko hii| tIna kAla guNita ananta deva sukha, yadi anantabAra vargavargita kiyA jAe to bhI vaha mokSa sukha ke samAna nahIM ho sakatA tAtparya yaha hai ki atIta anAgata aura bhUta-tInoM kAla se gaNita devoM ke sukha kI kalpanA kareM to yadi loka tathA aloka ke ananta pradezoM para sthApita kiyA jAye, sAre pradeza usase bhara jAeM to vaha deva ananta sukha se saMjJita hotA hai| __do samAna saMkhyAoM kA paraspara guNana karane se jo guNanaphala prApta hotA hai, use varga kahA jAtA hai| devoM ke ukta ananta sukha ko yadi ananta bAra vargavargita kiyA jAye, to bhI vaha mukti-sukha ke samAna nahIM ho sktaa| eka siddha ke sukha ko tInoM kAloM se guNita karane para jo sukharAzi niSpanna ho, use yadi anantavarga se vibhAjita kiyA jAe, to sukha-rAzi bhAgaphala ke rUpa meM prApta ho, vaha bhI itanI adhika hotI hai ki sampUrNa AkAza meM samAhita nahIM ho sakatI hai| jaise koI mleccha puruSa nagara ke anekavidha guNoM ko jAnatA huA bhI vana meM vaisI koI upamA nahIM pAtA huA usa (nagara) ke guNoM kA varNana nahIM kara sktaa| usI prakAra siddhoM kA sukha anupama hai| usakI koI upamA nahIM hai| phira bhI (sAmAnya janoM ke bodha hetu) vizeSa rUpa se upamA dvArA use samajhAyA jA rahA hai| jaise koI puruSa apane dvArA cAhe gaye sabhI guNoM-vizeSatAoM se yukta bhojana kara bhUkha pyAsa se mukta hokara aparimita tRpti kA anubhava karatA hai, usI prakAra sarvakAlatRpta-saba samaya parama tRpti yukta, anupama zAMtiyukta siddha zAzvata-nitya tathA avyAbAdha-sarvathA vighna bAdhArahita parama sukha meM nimagna rahate haiN|' ve siddha haiM-unhoMne apane sAre prayojana sAdha liye haiN| ve buddha haiM-kevalajJAna dvArA samasta vizva kA bodha unheM svAyatta hai| ve pAragata haiM-saMsAra sAgara ko pAra cuke haiN| ve paramparAgata haiM-paramparA se prApta mokSopAyoM kA avalambalana kara ve saMsAra ke pAra pahu~ca gaye haiN| ve unmukta-karma-kavaca haiM-jo karmoM kA bakhtara una 1. aupapAtika sUtra 179 2. vahI 180 3. vahI 181-186

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(139) para lagA thA, usase ve chUTe hue haiN| ve ajara haiM-vRdvAvasthA se rahita haiN| ve amara haiMmRtyu rahita haiN| ve asaMga-saba prakAra kI AsaktiyoM se tathA samasta para padArthoM ke saMsarga se rahita hai| siddha saba duHkhoM ko pAra kara cuke haiM janma-jarA tathA mRtyu ke baMdhana se mukta haiN| nirbAdha, zAzvata sukha kA anubhava karate haiN|' anupama sukha-sAgara meM lIna, nirbAdha, anupama muktAvasthA prApta kie hue siddha samagra anAgata kAla meM bhaviSya meM sadA prApta sukha, sukhayukta avasthita rahate haiN| dizA kI apekSA-sthiti dizAoM kI apekSA se siddhoM kA alpatvabahutva kA ullekha kiyA hai ki "sabase alpa siddha dakSiNa aura uttaradizA meM hai| pUrva meM (unase) saMkhyAtaguNe haiM aura pazcima meM (unase) vizeSAdhika haiN|"2 vRttikAra isake hArda ko kahate haiM ki "sabase alpasiddha dakSiNa aura uttara meM haiM, kyoMki manuSya hI siddha hote haiM, anya jIva nhiiN| siddha hone vAle manuSya carama samaya meM jina AkAza pradezoM meM avagAr3ha (sthita) hote haiM, unhIM AkAza pradezoM kI dizA meM Upara jAte haiM, usI sIdha meM Upara jAkara ve lokAgra meM sthita ho jAte haiN| dakSiNa dizA meM pA~ca bharata kSetroM meM tathA uttara meM pA~ca airAvata kSetroM meM manuSya alpa haiM, kyoMki siddhakSetra alpa hai| phira suSama-suSamA Adi AroM meM siddhi prApta nahIM hotii| isa kAraNa dakSiNa aura uttara meM siddha sabase kama haiN| pUrvadizA meM unase asaMkhyAtaguNe haiM, kyoMki bharata aura airAvata kSetra kI apekSA pUrva videha saMkhyAtaguNA vistRta hai, isalie vahA~ manuSya bhI saMkhyAtaguNe haiM aura vahA~ se sarvakAla meM siddhi hotI hai| unase bhI pazcima dizA meM vizeSAdhika haiM, kyoMki adholaukika grAmoM meM manuSyoM kI adhikatA hai|" isI grantha meM granthakAra ne gatiyoM kI apekSA se nAraka, manuSyoM, devoM kI apekSA siddhoM ko ananta guNA kahA hai| phira prazna hai ki siddhigati kitane kAla taka siddha se rahita kahI gaI hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki (siddhigati kA virahitakAla) jaghanya eka samaya taka aura utkRSTa chaH mahinoM taka kA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki siddhagati kA 1. vahI 186 2. prajJApanAsUtra 3.224 3. prajJApanAsUtra malaya vRtti patra 116-119 4. prajJApanAsUtra 3.2.225 5. prajApanAsUtra 6.564

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(140) upapAtavirahakAla utkRSTataH chaH mAsa kA batAyA hai, usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki eka jIva ke siddha hone ke pazcAt saMbhava hai ki koI jIva adhika se adhika chaH mAsa taka siddha na ho| chaH mAsa ke anantara avazya hI koI na koI siddha hotA hai| yahA~ zaMkA kI gaI hai ki siddha kyA sAntara siddha hote haiM athavA nirantara bhI siddha hote haiN| yahA~ sAntara se tAtparya hai ki bIca-bIca meM kucha samaya chor3akara vyavadhAna se utpanna honA evaM prati samaya lagAtAra binA vyavadhAna ke koI bhI samaya khAlI na jAnA nirantara utpanna honA hai| 7. apavarga-mokSa viSayaka itara darzanoM kI avadhAraNA bhAratIya darzana aura pAzcAtya darzana kI tattva mImAMsA meM eka maulika antara hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika darzana kA uddezya jIvana kI vyAkhyA mAnya karate haiN| prasiddha dArzanika pleTo darzana kI utpatti Azcarya se mAnate haiN| mAnava ko prakRti kI vibhinna ghaTanAoM ko dekhakara aura parivartanoM ke kAraNa Azcarya hotA hai aura vaha inakA kAraNa DhUMDhatA hai| yahIM se darzana kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| parantu isake viparIta bhAratIya darzana kI utpatti jIvana ke sabase kaTu satya "du:kha" se hotI hai| jIvana ke duHkhoM ko dUra karanA hI darzana kA ekamAtra lakSya hai| bhArata meM darzana kA mUlya jAgatika jJAna-vRddhi hetu nahIM varan isa kAraNa kI apekSA se hai ki vaha hamAre jIvana ke parama zubha mokSa ko prApta karAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| isa prakAra mokSa bhAratIya darzana kA kendra bindu hai| ___'muc' dhAtu se vyutpanna mokSa aura mukti kA artha svatantra honA yA chuTakArA pAnA hai| mokSa kA artha jIvana maraNa ke cakra se, aura usake pariNAma svarUpa sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAnA hai| janma grahaNa karane kI AvazyakatA kA Atyantika abhAva ho jAnA hI sabhI sAdhanAoM kA lakSya haiM, yahI mokSa hai| bhAratIya darzana kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha mokSa se kama kisI mUlya ko jIvana kA parama zubha svIkAra nahIM krtaa| yadyapi mAnavatA kI sevA aura naitika jIvana mUlyavAna hai, kintu ve jIvana ke sarvocca lakSya nahIM, ve mAtra sAdhana hI hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya darzana kA lakSya usa sthiti ko prApta karanA hai, jahA~ jIva parama tattva kA jJAna hI prApta nahIM karatA varan svayaM usake sAtha meM tAdAtmya sthApita kara lenA hai| 1. prajJApanAsUtra 6.623 2. prajJApanAsUtra malaya vRtti, patra 2.8, prajJA. 1.15-17

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(141) bhAratIya darzana ke sabhI sampradAya-bahutattvavAda, dvaitavAda, ekatattvavAda aura paramavAda sabhI kA lakSya eka hai| bahula raMgI gAyoM meM bhI dUdha kA raMga eka hai| usI prakAra dArzanika bhinnatA hone para bhI antima sAdhya saba kA eka hI hai, vaha hai mokSa praapti| __ mokSa dAyaka jJAna kA svarUpa bhinna ho sakatA hai, yaha usa darzana kI tattva mImAMsA para nirbhara karatA hai| vastutaH mokSa jJAna paramatattva kA jJAna hai, parantu vyaktigata rUpa se vaha jIva ke svayaM ke vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna hai| saMkSepa meM AtmA kA paramatattva ke sAtha kisI darzana meM jo saMbaMdha hai, usI saMbaMdha kA jJAna mokSa pradAna karatA hai| vyakti niSTha dRSTi se yahI AtmajJAna hotA hai| aba hama bhAratIya darzana ke vibhinna sampradAyoM meM mokSa kA svarUpa tathA usake prApta karane ke sAdhanoM para vicAra kreNge| (a) vaidika (veda-brAhmaNa-AraNyaka-upaniSad meM) mukti __jJAna ke vikAsakrama ke AdhAra para cAroM hI vedoM meM mukti pratipAdaka mantra, sUkta, RcAe~ bahulatA se dRSTigata hotI hai| sarvaprathama Rgveda meM hama isakA pratipAdana dekheMge____ Rgveda meM RSigaNa paramAtmA se mukti hetu prArthanA karate haiM-he paramAtmA Apa hameM mRtyu ke baMdhana se usI prakAra mukta kIjie, jisa prakAra kakar3I kA phala bandhana se mukta hokara vRnta se alaga ho jAtA hai| parantu hameM sadA amara banAe rahane vAle mokSa se vimukta mata kiijiye| isI prakAra kA maMtra yajurveda meM bhI hai|re / puna:kathana hai ki sabake utpAdaka evaM preraka una devAdhideva paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karate hue hama saba loga zreSTha jyoti paramapada ko prApta hoN| apane hI acche bure karmoM ke anusAra hI jIva ko sukha:dukha Adi kI prApti hotI hai| aMta meM jJAna ke dvArA duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAnA hI vAstavika mukti yA mokSa 1. Rgveda 7.59.12 2. yajurveda-3.60 3. Rgveda-1.50.10 4. vahI 10.88.15

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(142) isI prakAra atharvaveda meM brahmarUpatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai jo tatvavettA usa nirvikAra, ajara, amara, nitya AtmA ko jAnatA hai, vaha mRtyu se kadApi bhayabhIta nahIM hotaa| aisA niSkAma, dhairyazAlI puruSa sAkSAt ziva ho jAtA hai| vaha sarvadA pUrNa Ananda se saMtRpta rahatA hai| usameM kisI prakAra kI nyUnatA nahIM rhtii| vaha vAsanAoM se rahita hokara, vizvarUpatA ko prApta kara letA ___ ina uparyukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki abhyudaya pradhAna vedoM meM Arambha se hI niHzreyasa athavA mukti tattva kI dhArA avicala rUpa se pravAhita hotI calI A rahI hai| bahuta pahale hI satyadraSTA RSiyoM ne sthUla evaM nAzavAn jagat se pare zreSThatama jyoti svarUpa zAzvata mukti kA anveSaNa kara liyA thaa| brAhmaNa granthoM meM mukti brAhmaNa grantha bhI adhyAtma kI ora atizaya prerita hue haiN| Rgveda ke brAhmaNa aitareya meM ullekha hai ki he indra ! hamAre ajJAna rUpI aMdhakAra ko dUra karake hamAre cakSuoM ko jJAna se pUrNa kiijie| pAza se baMdhe hue hama logoM ko mukta kara diijie| ___ yahA~ para ajJAna kA AvaraNa dUra hone para hI jJAna prakAza se hI kalyANa ho sakatA hai aura bandhana se mukti bhI tabhI saMbhava hai, yaha nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda ke sAMkhyAyana brAhmaNa meM bhI brahma jJAna kA prAdhAnya batAyA gayA hai| punaH kathana hai ki "AtmayAjI zreSTha hai|" dRSTAnta hai yathA ahiityaadi| arthAt jaise sarpa tvacA se nirmukta hotA hai, vaisI hI AtmayAjI isa martya zarIra rUpI pApa se sarvathA mukta ho jAtA hai| aise zarIra saMbaMdha ko phira dobArA prApta nahIM karatA hai| isa prakAra brAhmaNa sAhitya meM sRSTi kA pratipAdana AtmajJAna ke lie karake, AtmajJAna ko jIva-brahma kA abheda bodhaka mAnA hai| aise AtmajJAna se hI parama puruSArtha rUpa mokSa prApti ho sakatI hai| 1. atharvaveda-10.8.4 2. aitareya brAhmaNa- 12.8 3. mAdhyandina zatapatha brA. kA 11 a2 brA 6, kaNDikA 13

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(143) AraNyakoM meM mukti AraNyaka granthoM meM bhI pratyakSa rUpa se mokSa kA vivecana pAyA jAtA hai| Rgveda ke aitareya AraNyaka meM paramapuruSArtha mokSa ke do upAya batAe gaye haiM-karma aura jJAna / jo AhavanIya Adi agni kI upAsanA karate haiM, ve paramparA brahma sAyujya ko pAte haiN| tathA ahaMgraha (maiM hI brahma hU~-ahaM brahmAsmi) upAsanA se sAkSAt brahma sAyujya ko pAte haiN| isalie AtmajJAna hI mokSa kA sarvazreSTha upAya hai| isameM hI anya RcA meM yaha parabrahma tattva kA pratipAdaka hai, yaha kahA gayA hai| mokSa prApti ke vidhAna meM ullekha hai ki usI parabrahma paramAtmA kA 'ayamahamasmi' isa rUpa se dhyAna karanA caahiye| isI se mokSa milatA hai| kRSNa yajurveda ke antargata taittirIya AraNyaka meM mukti pratipAdaka aMza kA ullekha hai ki jise brahma kA sAkSAtkAra ho cukA hai, usake anubhava kA varNana hai| punaH kathana hai ki brahmajJAnI to apane ko brahmasvarUpa jAnakara, janmamaraNa nahIM-yaha nizcaya karatA huA, apanI mRtyu kA bhaya chor3a detA hai| mRtyu to zarIra kI hotI hai, AtmA kI nahIM, ataH use koI bhaya nahIM raha jAtA hai| virAT puruSa ke sAkSAtkAra ke binA amRtatva prApti kA dUsarA mArga nahIM hai| kyoMki karma se yA dUsare upAya se amRtattva ko prApta nahIM kara skte| do prakAra ke brahma usa parabrahma kA jJAna karAne ke viSaya meM maMtra meM do prakAra ke brahma kA varNana kiyA hai-eka zabda brahma hai, dUsarA azabda brahma hai| zabda se hI azabda brahma prakAzita hotA hai| 'oM' zabda hai, isake uccAraNa se Urdhva gati karatA huA, azabda meM jAkara mila jAtA hai| yahI uttama gati hai| yahI amRta hai, vahI sAyujya hai| jaise makar3I tantu se Upara se car3hakara avakAza ko prApta karatI hai, vaise oMkAra ke dhyAna se AtmA Upara se gati karatA huA, svAtaMtrya ko prApta karatA hai| isI prakAra zabdoM kA atikramaNa kara azabda, avyakta brahma meM lIna hote haiN| unakA svarUpa alaga nahIM hotaa| 'oM' 1. aitareya AraNyaka 2, 1.1 2. ai. A. kA. 2, a. 1, khaM.6 3. ai. A. A. 2, a-3 khaNDa 2,14 4. tai. A. pra. 9, anu. 11, kA. 4-5 5. vahI. pra. prA. 1 anu. 11 kA 5-6 6. vahI pra. pA. 3 anu. 13 (1)

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(144) yaha akSara hai, usake Age saba zAta hai, azabda hai, abhaya hai, azoka hai, nitya tRpta, sthira, acala, amRta tathA acyuta hai| ityAdi rUpoM se usakI upAsanA karanI caahiye| isakI upAsanA se amRtatva ko prApta hotA hai| jaba usa nirguNa tattva meM vilIna ho jAtA hai, to vahI amRta brahmarUpa bana jAtA hai| usa samaya isakA prakAza hI rUpa hai| jisameM nidrA, Alasya, jarA, mRtyu ,zoka nahIM hai| jaisA praNava kA rUpa hai, upAsaka bhI usI rUpa ho jAtA hai arthAt upAsaka rUpa, vigatanidra, jarArahita, mRtyurahita aura zoka rahita ho jAtA hai| upaniSadoM meM mukti ___ vaidika paramparA meM AtmA ko brahma zabda se abhipreta kiyA gayA hai| upaniSadoM meM brahma tattva ke sAkSAtkAra ke maMtra bahulatA se milate hai| yahA~ taka ki pro. viMTaraniTja ne sampUrNa aupaniSadika darzana kA sAra batAyA hai ki 'yaha sampUrNa vizva brahma hai, parantu brahma AtmA hai| DaoNyasana bhI aupaniSadika darzana kA sAra AtmA aura brahma ke samIkaraNa meM hI dekhate haiN| Rgveda meM brahma zabda prayukti prArthanA artha meM hotI thI, vahI upaniSad meM artha bhinnatA Akara jisake lie prArthanA kI jAtI hai arthAt parama tattva artha ho gyaa| prazna yaha uThatA hai ki jaba AtmA aura brahma meM pUrNa tAdAtmya hai, donoM eka haiM, to yaha duHkha kyoM? janma maraNa kA yaha cakra kyoM? yaha baMdhana kyoM? upaniSad ke anusAra baMdhana kA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki AtmA ko apane svarUpa ke viSaya meM ki vaha brahma se bhinna nahIM hai, ajJAna hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki jo yahA~ bheda dekhatA hai, vaha jIvana-maraNa ke cakra meM par3atA hai| ___ isa prakAra baMdhana kA kAraNa ajJAna hai| upaniSadoM meM yaha dRr3hatApUrvaka kahA gayA hai ki svayaM ke ajJAna ko dUra karane, yA brahma ke jJAna ko prApta karane ke atirikta mokSa prApta karane kA anya koI rAstA nahIM hai| muNDaka upaniSada meM bhI kahA hai ki jisane brahma kA sAkSAtkAra kara liyA, usakI hRdaya granthi dUra jAtI hai, sAre saMzaya naSTa ho jAte haiM, usake karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| 1. maitrAyaNIyamAraNyakam prapAThaka 4-4 2. A History of Indian Literature, Vol. 1 pt-I p.215 3. Out lines of Indian Philosophy, p.22 4. ka. u. 2.1.10 3. mu. u.3.2.1.

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(145) upaniSadoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki yahA~ brahma kA sAkSAtkAra, tAdAtmya, tadmayatA muktAvasthA ko sUcita karatA hai| mokSa ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM itanA nirvivAda rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha niSedhAtmaka rUpa se janma-maraNa ke cakra kA samApta ho jAnA, aura pariNAma svarUpa sabhI duHkhoM kA anta hai| parantu yahA~ mAtra niSedhAtmaka sthiti hI svIkAra nahIM kI gaI varan bhAvAtmaka rUpa se vaha saccidAnanda brahma ke sAtha aikya sthApita karatA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ mokSa kA sampratyayana upalabdha hotA hai| yadyapi vedoM meM mokSa kI avadhAraNA ko mAnya nahIM kiyA gayA hai, aisI sAmAnyatayA mAnyatA hai| kyoMki 'svargakAmo yajet' svarga kI kAmanA ke lie yajJa karo-aisA vedoM meM ullikhita hai, evaM sarvatra aisI mAnyatA hai| tathApi uparyukta uddharaNoM ko dekhate hue duHkhoM se, janma-maraNa se chuTakArA hokara paramapada svarUpa mokSa bhI parilakSita hotA hai| ukta sandarbho ko dekhate hue mokSa kA niSedha bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| (A) mImAMsA darzana meM mokSa__ mImAMsA darzana bhI vizaddha vaidika hai| pUrva mImAMsA vaidika karmakANDa-yajJa yajanAdi se vizeSa rUpa se saMbaMdhita hai, to uttara mImAMsA jJAna kANDa para pradhAna rUpa se vivecanA karatA hai| inake grantha zlokavArtika tathA taMtravArtika meM isakI prarUpaNA hai ki 'kyA Ananda kI prApti mokSa hai? isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA meM hone vAle samasta vizeSa guNoM kA uccheda ho jAnA hI mokSa hai| kyoMki isameM jJAna-karma samuccaya hI mokSa kA sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| mokSa prApti ke lie kahA gayA hai ki mokSa ko cAhane vAlA AtmopAsanA se mokSa prApta kre| yaha AtmopAsanA AtmajJAna se saMbhava hai| jise AtmajJAna ho jAtA hai, brahmaloka kI prApti ho jAtI hai, vaha dubArA saMsAra meM nahIM lauTatA, mImAMsA kA yaha mata jaina mAnyatA se sAmya rakhatA hai| jisa prakAra jaina mantavya hai siddhoM kA saMsAra meM punarAgamana nahIM hotA, usI prakAra mImAMsaka bhI yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki brahmaloka kI prApti hone para yaha AtmA saMsAra meM dubArA nahIM aataa| jaba dharma aura adharma ke adRzya hone ke pariNAmasvarUpa zarIra kA pUrNa rUpa se nirodha (avarodha) ho jAtA haiM-vahI mokSa hai| hamAre baMdhana aura sazarIrI hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki hameM pApa aura puNyakarmoM 1. taMtra vArtika pR. 282 2.G. N. Jha : The Prabhakara Schools of Purva Mimamsa (uddhRta bhAratIya darzana meM mokSa cintana pR.129-130)

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(146) kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai| jaba jJAna dvArA pApa aura puNya adRzya ho jAte haiM, taba AtmA ko zarIra dhAraNa karane kA koI kAraNa raha nahIM jaataa| zarIra se sambandhaviccheda ho jAtA hai| phalataH sabhI duHkha samApta ho jAte haiM aura vaha mukta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra mImAMsA darzana bhI duHkha nivRtti mokSa svIkAra karatA hai| (3) nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM mokSa __ aba hama mokSa svarUpa vivecana nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke sandarbha meM kreNge| jaisA ki pUrva pRSThoM meM hamane jAnA ki nyAya evaM vaizeSika kI padArtha viSayaka tattva kI vicAraNA ke atirikta anya vicAraNA meM mataaikya hai| isI prakAra mokSasiddhAnta meM bhI unakI mata-ekatA jhalakatI hai| nyAya sUtrakAra gautama ne mokSa kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki "duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti hI mokSa hai| yahA~ Atyantika se tAtparya hai ki punaH usakA prAdurbhAva asaMbhava hai| yaha taba saMbhavita ho pAtA hai jaba 21 prakAra ke duHkhoM kA nAza ho| duHkha ke 21 prakAra haiM-1 zarIra + 6 indriyA~ + 6 indriya viSaya + 6 pratyakSabuddhi + 1 sukha + 1 duHkh| zarIra duHkhabhoga kA Ayatana hai, indriyA~, viSaya tathA pratyakSabuddhi duHkha ke sAdhana haiM, sukha svayaM duHkha se avazya saMbaddha hai, ataH duHkharUpa hai evaM duHkha to svarUpa se hI duHkha hai| " vaizeSika sUtrakAra kaNAda bhI isI prakAra svIkArate haiM ki AtmA ke dharmAdharmarUpa adRSTa kA sampUrNa nAza hone para usa AtmA ke zarIra Adi ke sAtha viziSTa saMyoga kA nAza hotA hai| yaha saMyoga punaH kabhI utpanna hotA nahIM, yahI mokSa hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki duHkhoM kI Atyantika nivRtti hI mokSa hai|| muktAtmA meM jJAna kA abhAva-inake anusAra muktAtmA meM jJAnAdi vizeSa guNoM kA abhAva hotA hai, kyoMki AtmA meM usake vizeSa guNoM kI utpatti ke lie zarIra ke sAtha AtmA kA saMyoga atyanta jarUrI hai| isI se maharSi kaNAda ke vacana ke hArda ko spaSTa karate hue vaizeSikAcAryoM kA kathana hai ki AtmA ke nau vizeSa guNoM kA atyanta uccheda hI mukti hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vizeSaguNa anitya hai| ataH inakA nAza hotA hai kintu dravya rUpa AtmA to nirvikAra nitya hai| yaha vizeSaguNoM se bhinna hai| jaba ina vizeSa AtmaguNoM kA uccheda hotA hai tabhI usakA svarUpa meM avasthAna hotA hai| 1. tadatyantavimokSopavargaH nyAya sUtra 1.1.22 2. nyAya vArtika 1.1.1. 3. tadbhAve saMyogAbhAvoprAdurbhAvazca mokSaH- vai. sU. 5.2.18. 4. navAnAmAtmavizeSaguNAnAmatyantAcchitirmokSaH vyomavatI pR. 638 5. kandalI pR. 692, nyAya vA. tA. TIkA 1.1.22

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(147) naiyAyikoM ke mukti svarUpa kI AlocanA karate hue kahA hai ki tathA prakAra kI yaha mukti jar3a-patthara kI bhAMti saMvedanA rahita hai tathA isI prakAra punaH prativAda kiyA hai yaha svarUpa to sukha-duHkha rahita hone se mUrchAvasthA ke sadRza hone se, yaha puruSArtha svarUpa nahIM hai| ina prativAdoM kA uttara nyAya vaizeSikakAra dete haiM ki patthara se duHkhotpatti saMbhavita nahIM, ataH muktAtmA ke sAtha yaha tulanA ayogya hai| sAtha hI mUrchAvasthA ke sadRza kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki mUrchAvasthA meM punaH duHkhotpatti kI saMbhAvanA hai, jabaki mukti Atyantika duHkha mukti hone se paramapuruSArtha hai| isI prakAra naiyAyika mukti meM nitya sukha evaM usameM nitya jJAna ko svIkArate nahIM hai| mukti ke upAya naiyAyika evaM vaizeSika tattvajJAna se mukti svIkArate haiN| nyAyasUtrakAra tattvajJAna kA artha AtmA AdikA jJAna mAnate haiN| vastuta:AtmajJAna yA Atma sAkSAtkAra hI tattvajJAna hai| AtmA ko AtmarUpa meM na jAnanA aura anAtma zarIra, indriya, rUpa Adi, viSaya mana Adi ko anAtma rUpa meM jAnanA parantu isase viparIta anAtma zarIra Adi ko AtmA ginanA, yaha mithyAjJAna hai| yaha mithyAjJAna hI saMsAra kA bIja hai| phalataH janmamaraNa ke kAraNa duHkha se chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| mithyAjJAna se viparIta AtmA meM Atmabuddhi tathA anAtma tattvoM meM anAtmabuddhi kA honA hI tattvajJAna hai|6 mithyAjJAna dUra hone para rAga-dveSa, rAgadveSa ke dUra hone para tayukta pravRtti evaM punarbhava dUra ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra rAgadveSa mukta vaha jIvanmukta ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA ko aparAmukti kahA jAtA hai| ____ parantu jaba sarva pUrvakRta karma vaha bhoga letA hai, zarIra bhI chUTa jAtA hai taba usake anya zeSa karma na rahane se usakA janma ke sAtha samparka chUTa jAtA hai| deha saMyoga nAza hone se sarva duHkhoM kA Atyantika uccheda ho jAtA hai| ise hI naiyAyika parAmukti yA nirvANamukti kahate haiN| 1. uddhRta-nyAya vaizeSika-nagIna jI. zAha pR. 222-223 2. Atmatattvaviveka pR. 438 3. nyAyasUtra 1.1.1. 4. nyAya bhASya 1.1.1. 5. vahI 4.2.1. 6. vahI 1.1.2.. 7. nyAyasUtra 4.1.64. 8. nyAyabhASya 1.1.2. 9. nyAyabhASya 1.1.2

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(148) isa prakAra tattvajJAna se doSa, pravRtti, janma aura duHkha dUra hokara mokSa prApta ho jAtA hai| parantu yaha tattvajJAna kaise prApta hotA hai? isakA samAdhAna nyAyasUtrakAra gautama kahate haiM ki "tattvajJAna kI utpatti samAdhi vizeSa se hotI hai| yoga sAdhanA se AtmA meM tattvajJAna kI yogyatA AtI hai| isIliye maharSi kaNAda ne kahA hai "dharma hI niHzreyasa (mokSa) kA upAya hai| yahA~ dharma se tAtparya hai-zraddhA, ahiMsA, bhUtahitatva, satya, asteya, bhAvazuddhi, krodhavarjana, abhiSecana, zucidravya sevana, devatAbhakti, tapa aura aprmaad| isa prakAra dharma tattvajJAna ko utpanna karake, usake dvArA mokSa kA upAya yA hetu banatA hai| naiyAyika bhAsarvajJa nyAyavaizeSika kI isa pracalita mAnyatA se bhinna mata dhAraNa karate haiM-unake anusAra paramAtmA mahezvara ziva ke darzana hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| __ muktAvasthA meM unakA svarUpa kaisA hai? usakA vizeSa vivecana yahA~ nahIM darzAyA gayA hai| parAmukti athavA nirvANa AtmA kA hotA hai, yahA~ taka kI sImA dI gaI hai| kintu jisa prakAra jaina paramparA mAnya siddha, siddhigati, unake prakAra Adi kA varNana jisa gaharAI se va sUkSmatA se kiyA hai, utanA spaSTataH varNana kA abhAva dikhAI detA hai| phira bhI mokSa kA svarUpa kathana va usake kAraNoM kA nirdeza yahA~ bhalI bhAMti yukti dekara kiyA gayA hai| mithyAjJAna se saMsAra evaM tattvajJAna se karmakSaya hokara mokSa kI prApti honA-yaha jaina mata se sAmyatA rakhatA hai| (I) sAMkhya-yoga-darzana meM mukti ___ nyAya darzana kI bhAMti sAMkhya darzana bhI duHkhatraya kI atyanta nivRtti ko mukti svIkAra karate haiN| AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika tathA Adhibhautika rUpa ina duHkhatraya kI Atyantika nivRtti honaa| arthAt duHkha ke AvirbhAva kI jisameM kabhI zakyatA na ho aisI niHzeSa nivRtti| yaha duHkha kI nivRtti hI paramapuruSArtha mokSa hai| yogasUtrakAra maharSi pataMjali bhI yahI svIkArate haiN| 1. nyAya sUtra 1.1.2 2. nyAya sUtra 4.2.38 3.vai. sU. 1.1.2. 4. prazastapAda bhASya, dharmaprakaraNa 5. vai. sU. 1.1.4 6. nyAya sAra pR.590 7. sAM. sU. 1.1 8. yo. sU. 2.16.

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(149) yahA~ sAMkhyakAra ke anusAra nivRtti kA artha 'dhvaMsa' hai| inake matAnusAra utpanna vastu kA apane kAraNa meM laya honA hI dhvaMsa hai| sAMkhya ke mata meM prakRtipuruSa kA bhedajJAna utpanna hone para puruSa mukta hotA hai| bhedajJAna se kisa prakAra mukti prApta karatA hai? usa viSaya meM kathana hai ki-prakRti se puruSa taka paccIsa tattvoM ke svarUpa para zraddhApUrvaka nirantara dIrghakAla paryanta abhyAsa ke pariNAma svarUpa sAdhaka ke citta meM sattvapuruSAnyathAkhyAti arthAt buddhi-puruSa kI bhinnatA kA bodhaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai| saMzaya aura viparyaya (mithyAjJAna) ke abhAva meM yaha bhedajJAna yA tattvajJAna vizuddha hotA hai| jaba tattvajJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai taba ajJAnotpAdaka kucha bhI jJAtavya nahIM rahatA hai| isase mithyAjJAna bhI utpanna ho nahIM paataa| isa artha meM yaha tattvajJAna niravazeSa hai| isa tattvajJAna kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai-maiM puruSa pariNAmI nahIM hU~, isalie maiM kartA nahIM hU~, akartRtva ke kAraNa mujha meM vAstavika svAmitva bhI nahIM hai| isa prakAra viveka jJAna jAgRta hone para mukti kA mArga adhika vikasita ho jAtA hai| sattvapuruSAnyathAkhyAtirUpa vidyA ke udaya hone para avidyA kA jaDa se nAza ho jAtA hai| avidyA ke abhAva meM usake kArya rAga dveSa Adi bhI utpanna nahIM hote| rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM naye dharma-adharma utpanna nahIM hote, sAtha hI pUrvasaMcita karma bhI rAga dveSa Adi sahakArI ke abhAva meM dagdhabIjarUpa avasthA ko prApta karate haiN| puruSa kA bodha abhimAnika hai| usakA isa abhimAna kA tattvajJAna kA udaya hone para nAza ho jAtA hai| abhimAna ke kAraNa hI rAga dveSa utpanna hotA hai| aura rAgadveSa ke kAraNa dharma-adharma Aida upArjita karatA hai| isa prakAra saMcita karma rAga dveSa kA sahakAra lekara punarjanma kA kAraNa banate haiN| isake abhAva meM saMcita karma dagdha ho jAte haiN| aura avaziSTa rahe prArabdha karmoM kA bhoga dvArA kSaya hone para puruSa kI svAbhAvika kaivalyAvasthA prakaTa hotI hai| isa prakAra tattvasAkSAtkAra ke pariNAma svarUpa mukti saMbhavita hotI hai| isa avasthA meM puruSa niSkriya aura svastha banakara prakRti ko udAsIna bhAva se dekhatA hai| vivekakhyAti utpanna hone ke bAda prakRti aura puruSa kA saMyoga hone para bhI, sRSTi kA prayojana bhoga aura bhedajJAna siddha ho jAne ke kAraNa, tattvajJAna kA udaya ho jAtA hai| isase puruSa kI mukti meM koI pratibandhaka evaM bAdhaka nahIM ho paataa| 1. sAM. ta. kau. 64 2.sAM.pra. bhA. 1.1

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(150) sAMkhya ke matAnusAra "jisa prakAra kuMbhAra kA cAka usakA kArya ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI saMskAra-vega vazAt kucha samaya taka ghUmatA hI rahatA hai| usI prakAra tattvajJAna utpanna ho jAne ke bAda bhI vivekasampanna vyakti kA zarIra gira nahIM jaataa| arthAt usakI dehalIlA samApta nahIM hotii| yadyapi tattvajJAna ke kAraNa dharma-adharma vartamAna deha meM apanA phala dene meM asamartha hote haiN| jisase tattvajJAnI ko janmAntara meM zarIra dhAraNa karane kI koI zakyatA hotI nhiiN| tattvajJAna ke prabhAva se punaH zarIrotpatti honA saMbhava nahIM hotaa| Arabdha dharma-adharma kA kSaya bhoga se ho jAne para, tattvajJAnI puruSa ke dehapAta ke pazcAt hI anekAntika evaM Atyantika mukti prApta hotI hai|" kyA saba jIva mukta hone meM samartha haiM? isa prazna kA samAdhAna sAMkhya karatA hai ki saba jIva mukta hone yogya haiM, parantu saba hI muktivaraNa kara leMge to saMsAra kA anta A jAvegA, yaha zakya nahIM kyoMki jIva ananta hai| aneka puruSoM ko kaivalya prApta ho jAne para bhI anantajIva zeSa rahate haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa saMsAra kA bhI anta nahIM ho skegaa| isa prakAra sAMkhyadarzana meM mukti kisa prakAra prApta kI jA sakatI hai, usake svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yogadarzana meM kaivalya aura mukti sAMkhyadarzana kI bhAMtiyoga darzana bhI yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki draSTA evaM dRzya kA saMyoga hI duHkha kA kAraNa hai| evaM saMyoga kA kAraNa avidyA hai| isa anAdikAlIna saMyoga ke kAraNa hI prakRti evaM puruSa bhrAnta hokara apane svarUpa ko bhulA baiThe haiM, ataH samasta duHkhoM se Atyantika nivRtti hetu isa avidyA nimittaka saMyoga ko haTAnA paramAvazyaka hai| isa avidyA kA nAza ho jAne para jo buddhisattva evaM puruSa ke saMyoga kA abhAva hotA hai, vahI mokSa kahA jAtA haiN| isa prakAra duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti hI parama puruSArtha hai|' 1.sAM.kA.67 2. sAM. kA 68 3. yoga sUtra 2.17 4. vahI 2.24 5. vahI 2.25 6 vyAsabhASya pR. 231 7. tattvavaizAradI pR. 239, yoga vArtika pR. 231

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(151) isa avidyA kA nAza kaivalya kI prApti se hotA hai| evaM kaivalya kI prApti kA ekamAtra upAya hai viveka khyaati| jaba sAdhaka kA citta raja evaM tamoguNa rUpa mala se rahita ho jAtA hai arthAt ekamAtra sattvaguNa kA udreka hI usake citta meM rahatA hai, taba vaha cittakA vaizAradha ho jAtA hai| usa vaizAradhacitta meM pUrNa nirmalatA A jAtI hai| isa pUrNa nirmalacitta meM vivekakhyAti rUpa viziSTa jJAna kA udaya hotA hai| isa samaya parama tattva kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai| citta kI nivRtti mokSa kA upAya hai| isa prakAra kramazaH jaba samasta vRttiyoM ke nirodha ho jAne ke uparAnta asamprajJAta samAdhi meM nirodha saMskAra bhI kSINa ho jAte haiM, taba citta, vRttiyoM sahita apane kAraNa prakRti meM lIna ho jAtA hai aura puruSa apane svarUpa meM avasthita ho jAtA hai, yahI mokSa kahA jAtA hai|' yogavArtikakAra tIna prakAra kI mukti kA nirdeza karate haiN| pahalI mukti jJAna se hotI hai, yaha mukti mithyAdarzana se mukti hai| dUsarI mukti rAga dveSa ke kSaya se hotI hai yaha klezoM se mukti hai tathA tIsarI mukti karmakSaya se hotI hai yaha karma se mukti hai| yaha tInoM hI mukti tattvataH vivekI ko hotI hai| kaivalya kisakA? yoga darzana meM spaSTa rUpa se do prakAra ke kaivalya kI kalpanA kI hai| vAcaspati mizra inameM se prathama ko pradhAna kA mokSa evaM dvitIya ko puruSa kA mokSa mAnate hai| sAMkhya kI bhAMti yoga meM bhI do prakAra kI mukti svIkAra kI hai-1. jIvanmukti 2. videhmukti| prArabdha karmoM kI sthiti ke samaya taka jIvanmukti pazcAt videhamukti hotI hai| 1. yoga sUtra 2.26 2. ta. vai. pR. 125 3. yo. vA. pR. 127 4. vahI pR. 18 5. yogavArtika pR. 441-549 (4.25-32) 6. yogasUtra 3.34 7. ta. vai. pR. 464 8. yo. sA. saM. pR. 17, vyAsa bhASya pR. 455

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(152) isa prakAra yoga darzana meM mokSAvasthA kI prakriyA kA varNana kiyA hai| mukti kisa prakAra varaNa kI jAtI sakatI hai| usakA vidhAna hai kintu (videhamukti ke viSaya meM prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai| (3) bauddha mata meM nirvANa bauddha paramparA meM nirvANa ko sarvocca avasthA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| evaM pratyeka vyakti ise prApta kara sakatA hai| nirvANa ko vimukti bhI kahA hai, jisakA artha hai vikAra bhAvoM tathA icchAoM se nivRtti| bhagavAn gautama buddha ne duHkha nivRtti svarUpa nirvANa kahA hai| unakA kathana hai-o bhikSu ! yaha duHkha nirodha satya hai-avaziSTa tRSNA kI samApti, mukti aura anaaskti| buddha kI trisUtrI zikSA bhI yahI hai-saba anitya hai, saba kucha niHsAra hai tathA kevala nirvANa meM hI zAMti hai| nirvANa kA zAbdika artha hai uccheda, nirgamana, parizamana athavA pUrNa vinaash| nirvANa aura tathAgata ina donoM kA hI tAtparya hai-pUrNa AdhyAtmika mukti evaM sabhI prakAra kI AsaktiyoM, vikArabhAvoM aura ajJAnatA kI prismaapti| yahA~ nirvANa zabda kA prayoga agni yA lempa jalane ke sandarbha meM uccheda artha ko lekara huA hai / vAstava meM jaba bhagavAn buddha se pUchA jAtA thA ki nirvANa kyA hai? taba usa samaya ve svayaM mauna ho jAte the| kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki nirvANa kI sattA nhiiN| kyoMki dhammapada meM isakA spaSTa saMketa milatA hai ki-jJAna ke binA dhyAna aura dhyAna ke binA jJAna ho sktaa| jJAna aura dhyAna se yo yukta hai, vaha nirvANa ke samIpa ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha parama sukha aura zAnti kI avasthA hai| udAna meM nirvANa kI avasthA ko niSedhAtmaka DhaMga se vyakta karate hue kahA hai ki yaha eka aisI avasthA hai jahA~ na pRthvI hai, na pAnI hai, na agni, na havA, na AkAza kI anantatA hai| yaha na cetanA kI, na acetanA kI avasthA hai, na yaha saMsAra hai na dUsarA, na sUrya hai na candramA, na vahA~ Agamana hai, na gamana / na avasthita hai na utpatti / vaha binA kisI AdhAra ke hai| yahI vastutaH duHkhakSaya kI avasthA 1. saMyukta nikAya 5, 420 2. sarvamanityaM, sarvamanAtma, nirvANaM zAntam 3. dhammapada gA. 372

Page #156
(153) hai| yaha eka anutpanna, ajAta aura asarjita sthiti hotI hai| yadi aisA na ho to janma Adi se mukti bhI na ho| cUMki anutpanna Adi sthiti hai isalie janma Adi se mukti mila jAtI hai| vastutaH icchA dveSa aura zrama kA vinAza hI nirvANa hai| isa prakAra nirvANa kA anubhava karane vAlA sarvocca tattvadraSTA kahA jAtA hai| vaha aihika tathA pAralaukika tRSNAoM, kaSToM aura vAsanAoM se mukta rahatA hai| vaha cintAoM se mukta aura zAMta hai tathA paramAnanda kI anubhUti karane vAlA hai|' punaH kahA hai ki svAsthya sabase bar3I dena hai, saMtoSa sabase bar3A dhana hai| milinda pajho meM nirvANa ko vidheyAtmaka, pAralaukika aura sarvocca prasannatAdAyaka kahA hai| vAstava meM vaha anubhavanIya hai, varNanIya nhiiN| nirvANa ananta sukha hai tathA duHkhoM se pUrNataH mukta hai| jaise samudra kA jala mApA nahIM jA sakatA, usI prakAra nirvANa kI agAdhatA bhASA dvArA vyakta nahIM kI jA sktii| vaha taSNA kI mukti hai aura phalataH janma, maraNa, jarA, mRtyu Adi se dUra hai| bhagavAn buddha svayaM bhI kahate haiM ki brahmacarya kA carama lakSya nirvANa hai, isake Age kyA hotA hai? yaha mata puucho| spaSTa hai nirvANa kI sthiti vicAra kI koTi se pare hai| bhagavAn buddha ne aneka avasaroM para ise parakalyANa aura parama Ananda kI sthiti batalAyA hai| parantu nirvANa itanA agAdha hai ki buddhi kI koTiyoM dvArA bhI use prApta nahIM kara skte| aura na hI bhASA ke dvArA usakI abhivyakti kara sakate haiN| nirvANa ke saMbaMdha meM sabhI dRSTikoNoM kA samanvaya karate hue DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana likhate haiM ki 'buddha kA apanA nijI mata saMbhavataH yaha rahA ki nirvANa pUrNatA kI eka aisI dazA hai jise hama soca nahIM sakate, aura yadi isakA varNana karane ko hameM bAdhya hI honA par3e to sabase uttama yaha hogA ki hama usakI anirvacanIyatA kA niSedhAtmaka kathana dvArA evaM usake tattva kI samRddhizIlatA 1. udAna 8.1, 3 2.saMyukta nikAya 4.251 3. majjhimanikAya bhAga 2 pR. 121 4. dhammapada gA. 204 5.milinda prazna 3.4.6) 6. mAra sutta (saM. ni.)

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(154) kA vidhAnAtmaka guNavidhAna dvArA varNana karane kA prayatna kare, kintu barAbara isa bAta kA dhyAna banA rahanA cAhiye ki isa prakAra ke varNana kevala nikaTatA ko hI darzAte haiM, ve sampUrNa nahIM ho skte|' isa mata ko ki buddha ke lie nirvANa kevala rAga dveSa aura moha kA hI kSaya hai, eka aura tathya se bhI samarthana milatA hai| ve bAra-bAra yaha kahate haiM ki saMsAra meM Aga laga gaI hai-aura yaha Aga jarA maraNakI, rAgadveSa kI aura moha tRSNA kI isa mokSa mArga para ArUr3ha hone ke lie bauddha darzana meM Arya aSTAGgika mArga kA vidhAna kiyA hai 1.samyaga dRSTi-duHkha kA jJAna, duHkha ke samudaya kA jJAna, duHkha ke nirodha kA jJAna tathA duHkha nirodha gAmImArga kA jJAna honaa| 2. samyak saMkalpa-tyAga kA saMkalpa, vaira virodha aura hiMsA se alaga rahane kA saMkalpa hI samyak saMkalpa hai| 3. samyak vAcA-asatya bolanA, kaTubhASaNa, nindA cugalI, Adi se virata rahanA samyak vAcA hai| 4. samyak karmAnta-jIva hiMsA, corI, abrahma se virata honA hI samyak karmAnta hai| 5.samyak AjIva-zrAvaka kA mithyAcAra AjIva (corI) Adi ko chor3akara samyak AjIva se apanI jIvikA calAnA samyak AjIva hai| 6. samyak vyAyAma-akuzala dharmoM ke anutpAda ke lie tathA kuzala anutpanna akuzala dharmoM ke utpAda ke lie prayatna karanA, samyak vyAyAma hai| 7. samyak smRti-uThate, baiThate, khAte, pIte, cIvara or3hate saMkramaNa karate nirantara sevanIya dharmoM kI smRti banAe rakhane kA nAma samyak smRti hai| 8. samyak samAdhi-samyakadRSTi se lekara samyak smRti paryanta jo ina sAta aMgoM se citta kI ekAgratA hai, usI ko hetu aura pariSkAra ke sAtha samyak samAdhi kahate haiN| cAra Arya satyoM meM caturtha satya nivArNa prApti ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM aSTAGgika mArga ko svIkAra kiyA hai| nirvANa ke isa mArga ko madhyama mArga kahA hai| yaha 1. bhAratIya darzana bhAga. 1 pR. 417) 2. Adita sutta saMyukta nikAya)

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(155) viSayabhogoM tathA kAya klezoM kI atiyoM ke bIca samanvaya sthApita karatA hai| prAcIna bauddha tathA saMskRta bauddha sAhitya meM nirvANa ke mArga ke rUpa meM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| bAda meM isI mArga ko aSTAMga mArga bhI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra bauddha paramparA meM mokSa viSayaka avadhAraNA kA gahanatama vicAra kiyA hai| muktAvasthA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAratIya darzana ke antargata sarva darzanoM ne mukti ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hI hai| mokSAvasthA se pUrva usI bhava meM jIvanmukta avasthA ko pUrva bhUmikA ke rUpa meM prAnya kiyA hai| yadi jIvanmuktAvasthA nahIM hai to videhamukti athavA mokSa bhI saMbhava nhiiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jIvanmuktatA mokSa kI anivArya zarta hai| yaha jIvanmukti jisa jIva kA anta:karaNa dhula gayA ho, vAsanAe~ na ho, vItarAga-vItadveSa ho, usako deha kI vidyamAnatA meM hI hotI hai| yaha jJAna kI caramAvasthA bhI hai| harSa-zoka se pare, niratizaya Ananda ke anubhava kI. yaha avasthA hai| vizuddha cittavRtti pravAhita hotI hai| usakA dehAdhyAsa miTa jAtA hai| mAtra zarIra ko dhAraNa karane vAlI prArabdha karma-vAsanAe~ hI pravRtta hotI hai| aisA puruSa hI jIvanmukta, kevalI kahalAtA hai| unakA mokSa bhI nizcita rUpa se hotA hI hai| ___ cArvAka darzana jIvanakAla meM kisI ke AdhIna na honA, jIvanmukti mAnatA hai tathA jIvana kI samApti ko mokss| ___ bauddha-darzana meM jIvanmuktAvasthA ko sopadhizeSa nirvANa kahA hai| usa avasthA meM sAdhaka ke saba klezAvaraNoM kA prahANa hotA hai| ise vimuktakAya kI dazA bhI kahA hai| videhamukti ko nirUpadhizeSa nirvANa se vyavahRta kiyA hai| isa dazA meM citta santati kA sarvathA uccheda ho jAtA hai| nyAya vaizeSikoM ke anusAra bhI jIvanakAla meM hI mithyAjJAna janya vAsanAoM kA abhAva honA jIvanmukti hai| AtmA ke sAtha zarIra prANa, indriyoM kA saMyoga jIvana hai| aura tadjanya duHkhoM kI Atyantika nivRtti yA duHkhoM kA dhvaMsa mokSa sAMkhya mata meM sattvapuruSAnyathAkhyAti kA udaya hone se jIvanmukti ko madhya viveka kI avasthA kahA gayA hai| ajJAna kA nAza hokara tattvajJAna hone para hI

Page #159
(156) jIvanmukti saMbhava hai| yaha jIvanmukta kulAla ke cakra ke ghUmane ke sadRza sthita rahatA hai| usake jIvana ke pazcAt videha mukti hotI hai| ___ yoga darzana meM RtambharA prajJA kA udaya hI jIvanmukti kahA hai| usa samaya yogI jIvana se saMyukta hone para bhI duHkhoM se asaMzliSTa rahatA hai| dagdha bIjAMkuroM ke samAna usake kleza dagdha ho jAte haiN| citta kI vikSiptatA isameM saMbhava nhiiN| isa avasthA ko dharmamegha samAdhi kahate haiN| isakA lAbha hone se jIvana hone para bhI mukta hai| phalasvarUpa kliSTa vRttiyoM kA upazama hone para jIvana dazA meM hI yogI kaivalya lAbha karate haiN| advaitiyoM kI jIvanmukti kucha bhinna hai| tattva sAkSAtkAra hone para utkramaNa ke binA hI jIva yahIM para brahmAnanda kA anubhava karatA hai| zaMkarAcArya aura unakI ziSya paramparA ne jIvanmukti ko mAnya kiyA hai, usakA samarthana kiyA hai kintu maNDana mizra evaM vAcaspati mizra Adi ne ise siddha avasthA ne mAnakara sAdhaka avasthA meM isakA antarbhAva kara liyA hai| zrutiyoM evaM upaniSada meM usakA sAkSAt nirdeza kiyA hai ki jIvanmukti kA niSedha to kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| vahA~ spaSTa kahA hai ki jaba mAnava hRdaya meM sthita sabhI vAsanAoM se mukta ho jAtA hai to manuSya amara ho jAtA hai, yahIM para brahma kA anubhava karatA hai| vAstava meM punaH punH| Izvara kA abhyAsa karane se saMsAra dazA meM tirohita hue AvaraNoM kA nAza hone para dharma abhivyakta ho jAte haiN| taba jIvana avasthA meM hI jIva brahma ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra sabhI Astika aura nAstika darzanoM dvArA jIvanmukti ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sabhI darzanoM ne muktAvasthA se pUrva yaha jIvanmuktAvasthA anivArya mAnya kiyA hai| kintu muktAvasthA ke pazcAt videhamukta kI kyA sthiti hai, isakA vivecana jitanI sUkSmatA se jaina darzana meM kiyA hai, itara matoM meM usako sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA kA yaha maulika cintana hai| mukta honA, usakI prakriyA, unakA jJAna-darzana-sukha, unakI sthiti, avagAhanA (svakAyasthiti) unakA pratiSThAna Adi aneka siddhAvasthA evaM siddhigati kA nirUpaNa atyanta gahanatA se vizada rUpa se kiyA hai| isa prakAra muktAvasthA kA vizleSaNa anya kisI dharma-darzana meM dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| AtmA kI muktAvasthA ko sarvadarzana ekamata se aMgIkAra karake bhI muktAvasthA ke svarUpa-sthiti Adi kA jikra nahIM kiyA gyaa| mAtra jaina paramparA isakA vizada varNana prastuta karatI hai|

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(157) adhyAya-5 paMca parameSThI kA tRtIyapada-AcArya AcArya kI avadhAraNA -AcArya : vyutpattiparaka artha evaM paryAyeM pvarUpa : laukika-dhArmika (ka) laukika-kalA, vidyA, zikSAcArya Adi (kha) dhArmika-jaina evaM ajaina (ga) AcArya kI ATha saMpadAe~ (gha) AcArya ke guNa (chattIsa-chattIsI) saMgha netRttva(a) mAhAtmya-artha, prakAra (ba) dharma ke sAtha jur3A saMgha zabda -sAmAnya artha meM -caturvidha saMgha (sa) saMgha saMcAlana1. prabhAvakatA 2. AcAra kI vizuddhi (ka) paMcAcArakI svayaM paripAlanA (kha) saMgha dvArA pAlana hetu puruSArtha AcAra : vibhinna dRSTikoNa -bhAratIya AcAra -pAzcAtya AcAra -jaina paraMparA meM AcAra ke bheda-prabheda AcAra zuddhi ke sopAna : pacAMcAra 1. jJAnAcAra 2. darzanAcAra 3. cAritrAcAra 4. tapAcAra 5. vIryAcAra AcArya viSayaka itara darzanoM kI vicAraNAvedoM meM AcArya bauddha paraMparA meM AcArya

Page #161
(158) paMca parameSThI kA tRtIyapada-AcArya AcArya kI avadhAraNA anaMtajJAnI tIrthaGkara paramAtmA ne caturvidha saMgha-tIrtha kI sthApanA karake vizva para eka ananya zreSTha upakAra kiyA hai| sAtha hI dUsarA upakAra arhat paramAtmA ne yaha kiyA ki unhoMne apanI upasthiti meM hI apane uttarAdhikArI ko bhI gauravAspada pada pradAna kiyaa| Asanna upakArI carama tIrthapati prabhu mahAvIra ne svahasta se ekAdaza brAhmaNa-paMDitoM ko gaNadharapada para sthApita kiyaa| isase saMgha ko mahAn lAbha yaha huA ki arhat prabhu kI anupasthiti meM zrIsaMgha-zAsana ko saphala netRtva vahana karane vAle kI zodha karane kI koI cintA na huii| isI prakAra gaNadhara bhagavantoM ke pazcAt bhI AcAryoM kI paTTapaMraparA isa prakAra calatI rahI ki unase saMlagna sampUrNa vivAda-klezAdi niravakAza bana gye| AcArya pada kI sarvopari mahattA to yaha dRSTigocara hotI hai ki svayaM tIrthaGkara paramAtmA ne apane kara kamaloM se vAsakSepa (caMdana kA cUrNa)-karake apane uttarAdhikArI ke prati zaMkA-kuzaMkA-avizvAsa karane ko sthAna hI na rkhaa| apanI upasthiti athavA anupasthiti meM sakala saMgha ko unake AjJAMkita rahane kA spaSTa pharamAna diyaa| isa prakAra ke udghoSa dvArA bhI AcAryapada ko gauravAnvita kiyaa| isase yahI phalIbhUta hotA hai ki AcArya parameSThI jaina zAsana ke saphala netA hai| kuzala sukAnI hai| dharmaratha ke sArathi hai| zAsana-dharma kI rakSA evaM prabhAvanA karane meM sadA apramatta evaM tatpara haiN| jJAna ke binA yaha saba zakya kaise ho? ataH ve vartamAna samasta zruta ke pAragAmI hote hai| ve bhavyajIvoM ko karuNAbuddhi se dharmopadeza dete haiN| isa prakAra sakala saMgha meM jinazAsana ke samaddhajJAna evaM AcAra kI, jainatva se otaprota zubha saMskAroM kI, vasIhata kI surakSA karane vAle, vRddhi karane vAle haiN| isa prakAra ve jaina zAsana ke prabhAvaka, pracAraka evaM dharmopadezaka hai| ___ AcArya zramaNa saMgha ke jIte, jAgate sajaga praharI haiN| unake baliSTha va variSTha skandhoM para saMgha kA uttaradAyitva hotA hai| jaise saghana aMdhakAra ko sUrya kI camacamAtI razmiyA~ naSTa kara detI haiM, isI taraha zruta, zIla aura buddhi se sampanna AcArya saMgha ko sadupadeza evaM jJAnadAna se ajJAna aMdhakAra ko naSTa kara sUrya kI

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(159) taraha camakate haiM tathA jisa prakAra devoM meM indra zobhA pAtA hai, usI prakAra ve zramaNoM meM suzobhita hote haiN| Arya zayyaMbhava sUrine AcArya ke vyaktitva koM, evaM kRtitva ko vyakta kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra zarada pUrNimA kI zubha rAtri meM graha, nakSatra, tAroM, se caMdramA suzobhita hotA hai, amRta kI varSA karatA haiM, apanI zItala cAMdanI se jana mAnasa ko zAMti pradAna karatA hai, vaise hI AcArya bhI caturvidha saMgha ke parivAra se suzobhita hote haiN| ve jinavANI rUpI amRta varSA karate haiM, bhava-tApa se tApita vyaktiyoM ko zItalatA pradAna karate haiN| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne AcArya kI tulanA cakravartI ke vAtAnukUlita zItagRha se kI hai| jaise zItagRha meM bAhya vAtAvaraNa kI asara nahIM hotii| cAhe bAhara grISma kI kitanI hI garmI ho, cAhe poSa mAha kI kitanI hI kaMpAne vAlI sardI ho yA mUsalAdhAra varSA yA AMdhI ho vAtAnukUlita gRha para usakA koI asara nahIM hotaa| vaise hI AcArya para bAhya paristhitiyoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| kaisI bhI paristhiti kyoM na ho, cAhe anukUla ho yA pratikUla, unake mana para usakA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| sthAnAGga meM AcArya ke jIvana kA zabdacitra Alekhita kiyA hai ki-AcArya kA jIvana AMvale kI taraha jJAna rUpI rakta kI abhivRddhi karane vAlA hai, aMgUra kI taraha madhura hai, khIra kI taraha pUrNa svAdiSTa hai aura ikSukhaNDa kI taraha rasadAra hai| ___paMca paMcameSThI meM tIsarA pada AcArya bhagavanta kA hai| mumukSuoM ke lie mokSa sAdhya hai, to sadAracaraNa usakA sAdhana hai| kAraNa ke binA kArya kA honA saMbhava nahIM, ataH jisako mukta hone kI icchA ho usako mokSa ke ananya sAdhanabhUta sadAcAra ko jIvana meM apanAnA hI hogaa| tIsare pada-niSTha AcArya svayaM AcAra kA pAlana karate haiM aura saMsAra ko bhI isa mArga para calane kI satata preraNA apane jIvana se evaM upadeza se dete haiN| paMcAcAra kA pAlana AcArya karate haiM, usameM jagat ke samasta sundara AcAroM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| ina paMcAcAroM kA pAlana athavA 1. dazavaikAlika 9.1.14 2. vahI 9.1.15 3. nizItha bhASya 2794 4. sthA. 4.3.320

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. (160) usa para anurAga, bhakti, prema jIva meM mokSa prApti kI yogyatA prApta karAtA hai| inake pAlana ke binA mokSa to kyA sadgati meM gamana bhI azakya ho jAtA hai| ataH sadAcAra kI pUjA, sadAcAra para prema kI abhivyakti AcArya pada para zraddhA utpanna karatI hai| - AcArya samasta jagat ko jinAgamoM kI zikSA dete haiM, dharmopadeza dete haiN| unake jJAna ke samakSa samasta jagat laghu arthAt zikSA grahaNa karane yogya haiN| AcAryoM kA zikSAdAna unako guru pada para pratiSThita karatA hai| jo svayaM ko laghu mAnya karate haiM vahI zikSAgrahaNa karane meM samartha ho sakate haiN| AcArya : vyutpattiparaka artha___ jaina paraMparA mAnya AcArya pada ke vyutpattiparaka artha bhinna-bhinna dRSTi biMduoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara kiye gaye haiN| jaina paraMparA abhipreta arthoM kI samAyojanA nimna prakAra se kI gaI hai (1) Acaryate asAvAcArya:sUtrArthAvagamArtha mumukSubhirAsevyate ityarthaH arthAt-AcAraNa karate haiM ataH AcArya kahalAte haiN| sUtra evaM artha ke bodha ke lie mumukSuoM ke dvArA jo sevanIya arthAta jinakI sevA kI jAtI hai ve AcArya haiN| (2) athavA A-maryAdayA tadviSayavinayarUpayAcayante -sevyante jinazAsanArthopadezakatayA tdaakaangkssibhirityaacaaryaaH| uktaJca 'suttatthaviU lakkhaNajutto gacchassa meDhibhUo y| gaNatattivippamukko atthaM vAei aayriyo|' jinazAsana ke artha ke upadezaka hone se unake abhilASI manuSya vinayarUpI maryAdA se jinakI sevA karate haiM, unako AcArya kahate haiN| kahA gayA hai ki sUtra tathA artha ke jJAyaka, lakSaNayukta, gaccha ke AlambanabhUta tathA gaccha kI ciMtA se rahita, aise AcArya bhagavAn artha kI vAcanA dete haiN| (3) athavA AcAro-jJAnAcArAdiH paJcadhA, A-maryAdayA vA cAro-vihAra AcAraH tatra sAdhavaH svayaMkaraNAt prabhASaNAt pradarzanAccetyAcAryAH, Aha ca'paMcaviha AyAraM AyaramANA taTTA pyaasNtaa| . AyAraM daMsaMtA AyariyA teNa vuccNti||3 1. Ava. 4 a. 47 gAthA TI. 2. bhagavatI vRtti 1 za. 1 u. 3. Ava. ni. gA. 994 bhaga. ArA 499, mU. A. 509-10, niyamasAra 73

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(161) -jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritracAra, tapAcAra, vIryAcAra, ye pAMca prakAra ke AcAra haiN| maryAdApUrvaka jo vihAra kiyA jAya use AcAra kahate haiN| AcAroM ko jo svayaM pAlate haiM, artha se upadeza karate haiM tathA kriyA se anyoM ko karake dikhAte haiM ve AcArya kahalAte haiN| kahA hai ki-'pAMca prakAra ke AcAroM ko pAlate haiM, unakA artha kahate tathA (paDilehaNa Adi kriyA dvArA)' AcAra ke darzAne se AcArya kahalAte haiN| (4) athavA 'A-ISad aparipUrNA ityarthaH cArA-herikA ye te AcArAH, cArakalpA ityarthaH, yuktAyukta vibhAga nirUpaNanipuNA vineyAH, atasteSu sAdhavo yathAvacchAstrArthopadezakatayA ityAcAryAH, caiSAmAcAropadezakatayopakAritvAt" - A + cAra arthAt yogya-ayogya kA vilAga karane meM nipuNa ziSyoM ko zAstra kA artha yathAvat batAte haiM, ve AcArya kahalAte haiN| yahA~ AcAra ke upadezaka hone ke kAraNa upakArI hone se unako AcArya kahA gayA hai| (5) athavA 'aTThArasasIlaMgasahassAhiTThiyataNU chattIsaivihamAyAraM jahaTThiyamagilAe ahannasANusamayaM AyaraMti pavattayaMti AyariyA'2 aTThAraha hajAra zIlAMga ko dhAraNa karane vAle, chattIsa prakAra ke AcAra ko yathAsthiti se glAni rahita rAta aura dina pratisamaya jo AcaraNa karate haiM aura pravartana karate haiM, ve AcArya kahalAte haiN| (6) athavA 'nANAI chattIsaM tassAyaraNA payAsaNo a| * . je te bhAvAyariyA bhAvAyArovauttA y||2 -jJAnAdi chattIsa vastuoM kA AcaraNa karane se sAtha hI upadezaka hone se bhAva AcAra se yukta hote haiM, ve bhAvAcArya kahalAte haiN| ___(7) athavA paramappaNo a hiyamAyaraMti vA AyariyA, savvasatte sIsagaNANa vA hiyamAyaraMti AyariyA para evaM sva ke hita ko Acarate haiM tathA sarva jIva evaM ziSya samudAya kA hita Acarate haiM ataH AcArya kahalAte haiN| (8) athavA 'jiNapahaapaMDiyaANaM pANaharANaM pi phrmaannaannN| na karatI pAvAiM pAvassa phalaM viyaanntaa||' pANapariccAe'vi puDhavAINaM samAraMbha nAyaraMti nArabhaMti nANujANaMti vA AyariyA 1. bhaga. zata. 1. u. 1 2. mahAnizItha 3 adhyAya pR. 3. Ava. ni. gA. 995. 4. mahAnizItha 3 adhyA. pR. 282-1 se 283-3 5. mahAnizItha sUtra 3 adhyA. pR. 282-1 se 283-3

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(162) 'jinamArga ko na jAnane vAle, anyoM ke prANaharaNa karane vAle tathA prahAra karane vAle jIvoM ke prati pApa-phala ko jAnane vAle (AcArya) pApAcaraNa nahIM krte|' prANa jAya to bhI pRthvIkAyika Adi jIvoM kA jo AraMbha-samAraMbha karate nahIM aura usakI anujJA bhI dete nahIM, ve AcArya haiN| (9) athavA suTTha avarUddhe vi na kassai maNasA vi pAvamAyarati tti AyariyA' kisI ne bahutu aparAdha kiyA ho, to bhI usa para mana se bhI ahitakArI AcaraNa karate nahIM ve AcArya kahalAte haiN| (10) athavA caturdazavidyAsthAnapAragAH ekaadshaanggdhraaH| AcAraGgadharo vA tAtkAlikasvasamaya-parasamayapArago vA merUriva nizcalaH kSitiriva sahiSNuM sAgara iva bahikSiptamala- saptabhayavipramuktaH aacaaryH| jo caudaha vidyAoM meM pAraMgata ho, gyAraha aMga ke dhAraka athavA AcArAGga mAtra ko dhAraNa karate ho, athavA tatkAlIna svasamaya aura paramasaya meM pAragaMta ho, merU samAna nizcala, pRthvI ke sadRza sahanazIla ho, jinhone samudra ke samAna mala arthAt doSoM ko bAhara pheMka diyA ho evaM sapta bhayoM se rahita ho unako AcArya kahA jAtA hai| (1) pavayaNa jlhijloyrnnhaayaamlbuddhisuddhchaavaaso| meruvva NippakaMpo sUro pNcaannnno-vjjo| desakulajAisuddho, sobhaMgo sNgbhNgummukko| gayaNa vva Niruvalevo, Airiyo eriso hoii|| saMgaha-Niggahakusalo, suttatthavisArao phiykittii| sAraNa-vAraNa-sAhaNa-kiriyujjutto hu aairiyo|| pravacana rUpI samudra ke madhya meM snAna karane se arthAt paramAgama ke paripUrNa abhyAsa aura anubhava se jinakI buddhi nirmala ho gaI hai, jo nirdoSa rIti se SaDAvazyakoM kA pAlana karate haiM, merU ke samAna niSkaMpa hai, siMha kI bhAMti zUravIra nirbhIka haiM, varya arthAta zreSTha haiN| deza, kula aura jAti se zuddha haiN| saumya mUrti haiM, aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga parigraha se rahita haiN| AkAza ke samAna nirlepa haiN| jo saMgha ke saMgraha arthAt dIkSA aura nigrahazikSA athavA prAyazcita dene meM kuzala haiN| jo sUtra arthAt paramAgama ke artha meM vizArada haiM, jinakI kIrti sarvatra phailI hai| jo sAraNaka-AcaraNa, vAraNa-niSedha, 1. vahI. 2. SaTakhaNDAgama 1.1,1,1.48.8 3. SaTakhaNDAgama 111, 1 gA. 29-30-31

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(163) aura sAdhana-vratoM kI rakSA karane vAlI kriyAoM meM niraMtara udyukta haiM, unako AcArya samajhanA caahie| __ukta vyutpatti paraka kiye gaye arthoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki jo sUtra evaM artha ke svayaM jJAtA hai tathA anyoM ko usakA upadeza dete haiN| gaccha ke AlambanabhUta haiM, pacAMcAra ko svayaM pAlate haiM tathA anyoM se AcaraNa karavAte haiN| aTThAraha hajAra zIlAMga ke dhAraka, AcAra ke pravartaka, pApAcaraNa se rahita, Arambha-samAraMbha kI anujJA rahita, caudaha vidyAoM meM pAraMgata, gyAraha aMga ke dhAraka, siddhAnta meM pAraMgata, lakSaNa evaM guNoM se yukta, saMgha ke nAka, saMgha ke niyAmaka haiM ve AcArya kahe jAte haiN| ukta lakSaNoM se yukta AcArya nitya apramattarUpa se dharmopadeza dete haiM, vikathA ke tyAgI hote haiM tathA deza-kAla meM ucita bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke upAyoM ke dvArA ziSyoM ko pravacana dete haiN| AcArya kI paryAyeM : AcArya kI anya paryAyeM haiM-sUri, gaNadhara, gaNI, gacchadhArI, anUcAna, pravacanadhara, bhaTTAraka, bhagavAn mahAmuni, sadguru, zrutadhara, paTadhArI, gacchathaMbha' aadi| svarUpa : laukika-dhArmika sAmAnyatayA loka meM zikSaNa Adi kAryoM kA saMcAlana, adhyApana Adi karAte haiM unako AcArya kahate haiN| pUrva meM hama AcArya ke diye gaye arthoM para dRSTipAta karate haiM, to sarvatra adhyayana-adhyApana Adi zikSaNa kAryoM ko karane vAloM ko AcArya kahA hai| yadyapi AcArya gotra ke dhAraka bhI AcArya abhidhAna ko aMgIkAra karate haiN| kintu adhikAMzataH AcArya zikSaNa kSetra se hI saMyukta hote haiN| isa prakAra zikSaka ke svarUpa meM AcArya kA vibhAjana hama do prakAra se kara sakate haiM 1. laukika 2. dhArmika laukika-loka meM pracalita vyavahAroM Adi kA jJAna karAve use laukika kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ hama laukika saMjJA unako deMge jo dhArmikatA se pare haiM arthAt apane apane dhArmika siddhAntoM kA jJAna na karAkara anya prakAra kA jJAna dete haiN| yathA-kalA, vidyA, zilpa Adi puruSoM kI 72 kalAe~ tathA striyoM kI 64 kalAe~ 1. vizeSA. bhASya 3189-993

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(164) kahI gaI hai, ina kalAoM kA jo jJAna karavAtA hai, vaha laukika AcArya hai| sAtha lokabhogya sAmagrI ko upalabdha karAne ke lie, vighnoM ke nAza ke lie graha zAnti Adi ke lie jo maMtra, taMtra vidyA ke Azraya se upAya karate haiM, ve bhI laukika saMjJA ke aMtargata Ate haiN| isake atirikta zilpa, kRSi, vANijya, vijJAna Adi kA samAveza bhI laukika ke antargata ho jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki dhArmika zikSaNa ke atirikta jo bhI zikSA dI jAtI hai, vaha laukika kahI jAtI hai| usake pradAtA laukika AcArya hai| prinsipala, droNAcArya sainya kA saradAra, Ayurveda-vidyAlaya kI padavI Adi isake udAharaNa haiN| . dhArmika-jo dharma ke siddhAntoM, unake AcAra-vicAroM kA jJAna karAte haiM, unakA AcaraNa karavAte haiM, ve dhArmika AcArya haiN| inakA vibhAjana bhI do prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai1. ajaina (jainetara) 2. jaina ajaina-jaina dharma ke atirikta jo aMga aura rahasya sahita veda, dharmazAstra kA adhyayana karAte haiN| isa prakAra dharmakriyA karAne vAle brAhmaNa, purohita gorajI mahArAja bhI isake antargata Ate haiN| isI meM brahmasUtra, gItA aura upaniSad ina prasthAnatrayI ke bhASyakAroM kA bhI samAveza hotaa| maMtropadezaka dharmaguru, saMpradAya calAnevAlA dharmAdhyakSa, matapravartaka, vidvAna, paMDita, zAstra yA mata ke abhyAsI, veda ke TIkAkAra Adi isI gaNanA meM sammilita haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki mAtra jaina ke atirikta duniyA~ ke sarva dharmoM, unake pravartaka, AcAryoM ko yahA~ samAviSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina-jainetara dharmoM kI bhAMti jainadharma meM bhI dharmopadezaka ko AcArya kahA gayA hai| kintu jainAcArya kI anya dharmAcAryoM se bhinnatA hai| yahA~ AcArya pada kA vAhaka vizeSa guNa evaM lakSaNoM se yukta kahA gayA hai| ve kisI mata yA saMsthA ke pravartaka nahIM kintu arhat parameSThI dvArA prarUpita dharma kA pratinidhi mAtra hai| unakI anupasthiti meM ve hI saMgha kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| svayaM kisI siddhAnta kI prarUpaNA nahIM karate varan nidaSTa AcAroM kA pAlana karate haiM tathA samIpastha ko bhI unakA AcaraNa karavAte haiN| jaina paraMparA meM AcArya cAra prakAra ke haiM1. nAma 2. sthApanA 3. dravya 4. bhAva

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(165) kisI kA nAma AcArya honA nAma AcArya haiN| unakA pratibiMba yA AkAra banAnA sthApanAcArya hai| zilpAdi zAstroM kA jJAna karAve vaha dravyAcArya hai| jo AcAra vijJAna meM anupayukta (upayogarahita) hai ve bhI dravyAcArya haiN| bhAvAcArya - jo pAMca prakAra ke AcAroM kA pAlana karane vAle, karAne vAle tathA upadezaka haiN| jJAnAdi pAMca prakAra ke bhAvAcAroM se upayukta hone se ve bhAvAcArya haiN| ye bhAvAcArya jinazAsana ke AdhAra haiM, caturvidha saMgha meM ullAsa bharate haiM aura zrutajJAna ke bala para sakala vastu ko prakAzita karane vAle haiN| zrI jinezvara prabhu ke nivArNa ke pazcAt nirgrantha pravacana kA dhAraNa, pAlana aura poSaNa karate haiN| ye bhAvAcArya pASANa meM aMkura utpanna karane ke samAna mUrkha ziSyoM ko paMDita banA dete haiN| sUtroM meM bhAvAcAryoM ko zrI jinezvara ke sadRza bhI kahA gayA hai aura unakI AjJA ko jinezvara kI AjJA kI bhAMti pAlana karane kA pharamAna kiyA hai| bhAvAcAryoM kI AjJA ke binA vidyA evaM maMtra bhI phalIbhUta nahIM hote| unakI AjJA se zIghra phaladAyI hote haiN| ye dharmopadeza dene meM nirantara udyata rahate haiN| (ga) AcArya kI ATha sampadAe~ dazAzrutaskaMdha graMtha meM AcArya kI anupama gaurava garimA ko abhivyakta karane vAlI ATha sampadAe~ darzAI gaI haiM, jo unake virATa vyaktitva ko abhivyaMjita karatI haiN| ve sampadAe~ nimna haiM1. AcAra sampadA AcAra pravaNatA AcArya kA pramukha guNa hai| AcArya svayaM dhruva kI taraha rahate * haiN| unako svayaM sAdhanA se vicalita karane vAlI koI zakti nahIM hotii| AcAra sampadA ke cAra prakAra hai 1. caraNaguNadhuvajogajutte-mahAvrata, samiti, guptirUpa 13 cAritra ke guNoM meM dhruva, nizcala, aDolavRtti niraMtara rakhate haiN| 2. te maddavaguNa saMpanna-mada kA mardana karake sadaiva nirabhimAnI rahate haiN| 3. aniyatavRtti-zIta-uSNa kAla meM gA~va meM eka rAtri aura nagara meM pA~ca rAtri se adhika binA prayojana na rahe aura navakalpI (cAturmAsa + ATha mahine kA pratyeka kA eka kalpa) vihAra karate haiN| AhAra-vihAra niyamita aura apratibaddha hotA hai|

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(166) 4. acaMcalaguNa-manohara-divya rUpa sampadA ke dhAraka hone para bhI nirvikArI, saumyamudrA vAle hote haiN| tana se yuvaka aura navadIkSita hone para bhI ve vayovRddha kI bhAMti gaMbhIra hote haiN| tathA jyeSTha va zreSTha zramaNoM ke samAna saMyama niyama meM jAgRta rahate haiN|' isa prakAra AcAra sampadA ke AcArya pratipAlaka hote haiN| 2. zruta sampadA AcArya bahuzruta hote haiN| zAstroM ke artha-paramArtha ke jJAtA hote haiN| Agama sAhitya ke atirikta dharma, darzana, sAhitya, saMskRti, lokavyavahAra Adi meM vyApaka jJAnayukta hote haiN| jar3a-cetana ke bhedajJAna, AtmA-paramAtmA ke talasparzI jJAna se janamAnasa ko maMtramugdha kara date haiN| yaha zruta saMpadA cAra prakAra kI hai 1. yugapradhAna-sarvazAstroM ke jJAtA evaM vidvAnoM meM zreSTha hone se yugapradhAna hote haiN| 2. Agamaparicita-zAstrIya jJAna kI parivartanA karate rahane se nizcala jJAnI hote hai| 3.utsarga apavAda kasalA-kadApi kiMcinmAtra doSa na lagAve-vaha utsargamArga aura anivArya kAraNa hone se pazcAtApa yukta hokara zuddha ho jAve vaha apavAda mArga, isa prakAra donoM mArga ke yathAtathya jJAtA hote haiN| 4. sasamaya-parasamaya dakkhe-svasamaya (jaina siddhAnta) para samaya (jainetara darzana ke siddhAnta) ke zAstroM ke jJAtA hote haiN| isa prakAra zrutajJAna kA anuzIlana karake ve Adi se aMta taka aura aMta se Adi taka dhArApravAha rUpa se sUtra kA vAMcana karate haiN| unakA uccAraNa pUrNa zuddha hotA hai| 'satyaM zivaM sundaram' yukta unakI vANI hotI hai| 3 zarIra sapaMdA AcArya kA zarIra sarvAMga suMdara sudarzana aura svastha hotA hai| isa saMpadA ke bhI cAra prakAra haiM 1. pramANopeta-apane mApa se apanA zarIra eka dhanuSya lambA ho| 2. akuTaI-laMgaDA, lUlA, kANA yA 19 yA 21 aMguliyoM vAlA ityAdi apaMga doSa se rahita honaa| 1. dazAzrutaskaMdhA-4.1 2. dazA. 4.2

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(167) 3. pUrNendriya-badhira, aMdhatva doSa se rahita honaa| 4. dRr3ha saMghayaNI-tapa vihArAdi saMyama ke sAtha hI upakAra ke kArya meM thake nahIM, aise dRr3ha saMghayaNa ke dhAraka hote hai| yaha zarIra sampadA hai| 4 vacana sampadA vAkcAturyayukta honA unake vacanoM meM eka prakAra kI cuMbakIya zakti hotI hai, jo dUsaroM ko AkarSita kara letI hai| unake vacana rAgadveSarahita-suspaSTa hote haiN| isake bhI cAra prakAra haiM 1. prazastavacanI-koI bhI unake vacanoM kA khaNDana na kara ske| vacanoM ko sunakara paravAdI bhI sAnaMdAzcarya prApta kreN| 2. madhuratA-komala, madhura, gAMbhIryayukta susvara se boleN| 3. anAzrita-pakSapAtarahita, kaluSitatA rahita hoveN| 4. sphuTatA-gaNagaNAhaTa Adi doSa se rahita, spaSTa uccAraNa yukt| isa prakAra kI vacana sampadA ke dhAraka AcArya hote haiN| 5 vAMcana sampadA AcArya zAstravAMcana meM kuzala hote haiN| usake bhI cAra prakAra haiM 1. jogo-ziSya kI yogyatA ko jAnakara, yogya ziSya ko grahaNa kara sake utanA jJAna dete haiN| apAtra ko jJAna nahIM dete| 2. praNIta-ziSya kI rUci, dhAraNA zakti ke anusAra jJAna dete haiN| 3. nirayApayitA-yogya ziSya ko anya kAryoM se nivRtta karake, sampradAya kArya ko nirvAha karane vAle evaM zAsana prabhAvanA karane vAle sAdhukoM vizeSa rUpa se sUtra kA vAMcana karAte haiN| 4. nirvAhaNA-pAnI meM tela bindu ke sadRza jJAna pariName usa prakAra thor3e zabdoM, artha-bahutva sarala rIti se vAMcanA dete haiN| isa prakAra AcArya sUtra aura artha kI vAMcanA ziSya kI yogyatA ko dekhakara dete hai| 1. dazA 4.4 2.dazA. 4.5 3. vahI 4.6

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(168) 6 mati sampadA ___ matisampadA kA artha hai-'buddhi vaishisstty'| AcArya vicakSaNa buddhi ke dhAraka hote haiN| unakI buddhi atyanta tIkSNa hotI hai| isake bhI cAra prakAra haiM 1. avagraha-zatAvadhAnI kI bhAMti vastu ke guNoM ko eka hI kAla meM grahaNa kara lete haiN| dekhI huI, sunI huI, svAda lI huI, sUMghI huI aura sparza kI huI sabhI kA grahaNa zIghra kara lete haiN| 2. IhA-vaise hI ina pA~coM ke viSaya meM tatkAla nirNaya bhI kara lete haiN| 3.apAya-uparokta viSayoM ke viSaya meM vicAraNA karake tatkAla nizcayAtmaka banA lete haiN| 4. dhAraNA-nirNIta vastu dIrghakAlaparyanta bhI vismRta na ho, samaya para zIghra smRtigojara ho, hAjirajavAbI (tatkAla prazna kA uttara deve) hote hai| isa prakAra viSaya ke rahasya ke jJAtA hote haiN| unakI talasparzI meghA se koI bhI viSaya ajJAta nahIM rhtaa| 7. prayoga sampadA ___ para-pravAdiyoM ko parAjaya karane kI kuzalatA vaha prayoga sampadA hai| isake bhI cAra prakAra hai 1. zaktimAna-vAdI ke sAtha saMvAda karane meM, praznottara meM merI vijaya hogI yA nahIM? isa prakAra prativAdI tathA apanI zakti, kSamatA kA vicAra karake vAda krnaa| 2. puruSajJAna-vAdI kisa mata kA anuyAyI hai yaha jAnakara usake hI mata evaM zAstroM dvArA vAda krnaa| jisa pariSad meM vAda karanA ho usa pariSad kA janamAnasa kisa vicAradhArA kA hai? anukUla hai yA pratikUla pUrva rIti se jJAna le| 3. kSetrajJAna-vAda sthala kA jJAna karake vAda krnaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa kSetra meM vAda kiyA jA rahA hai usa kSetra ke loga uddhata to nahIM hai? apamAna karane vAle yA kapaTI, lobhI, yA mithyAtvI ke ADambara ko dekhakara calita ho jAve, sthira na raheM, isa prakAra tatsaMbaMdhI kSetra kA sUkSmarIti se vicAra karake vAda krnaa| 1. dazA 4.7 2. vahI. 4.11

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(169) 4. vastujJAna-kadAcit vivAda-prasaMga meM rAjAdika sattAvAn vyakti kA Agamana ho jAye to vaha rAjA nyAyI hai yA anyAyI, niSpakSa hai yA pakSapAtI? kapaTI hai yA sarala, namra hai yA abhimAnI isa prakAra pUrva meM sarva jAnakArI lekara hI vAda krnaa| - isa prakAra AcArya ko bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI honA caahiye| vAda kI viSaya vastu kA bhinna dRSTikoNoM se cintana karake vAda karanA cAhiye kyoMki usakI vijaya saMgha kI vijaya evaM parAjaya saMgha kI parAjaya hai| svayaM evaM saMgha gauravAnvita ho yaha AcArya ko vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna rakhanA caahiye| 8 saMgrahaparijJA sampadA yadyapi zramaNa niSparigRhI hote haiM, tathApi sAdhvAcAra ke anukUla, upayogI vastuoM kA nirmamatva hokara grahaNa karate haiN| isake bhI cAra prakAra haiM 1. gaNayoga-bAlaka, durbala, gItArtha, tapasvI, glAna, zaikSa, navadIkSita Adi sAdhuoM kA nirvAha ho sake, vaise kSetroM kA dhyAna rkhe| 2. saMsakta-bAlaka, durbala, gItArtha, tapasvI, glAna, zaikSa, navadIkSita Adi sAdhuoM kA nirvAha ho sake, vaise kSetroM kA dhyAna rkhe| 3. kriyAvidhi-jisa kAla meM jo kriyA karane kI ho usa kAla meM tatsaMbaMdhI upayogI sAdhanoM kA saMgraha kreN| 4. ziSyopasaMgraha-vyAkhyAnadAtA, vAdI, vijayI, vaiyAvaccI ityAdi ziSyoM kA saMgraha kre| isakA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki unake ziSya zramaNa jIvana ke niyamopaniyama kA samyak sampAdana kre| ___ AcArya kA pratyeka kArya usake antevAsiyoM kA Adarza hotA hai| una para usakA amiTa prabhAva par3atA hai| AcArya svayaM vayaparyAya (jyeSTha) zramaNoM kA Adara kareMge to antevAsiyoM meM bhI sauhArdapUrNa vAtAvaraNa nirmita ho skegaa| ataH AcArya apane ziSya-praziSya kI sAra saMbhAla kre| isa taraha AcArya ina ATha sampadA se yukta hote haiN| ye ATha sampadAe~ unake. gaurava kI vRtti karane meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| 1. dazA 4.12

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(170) (gha) AcArya ke guNa AcArya kA jIvana sadguNo kA AgAra hai| tIrthaGkara deva kI anupasthiti meM AcArya hI zAsana ke AdhAra stambha haiN| unake sivA anya koI tAraNahAra nahIM hai| ve guNagaNa ke bhaNDAra hai| ve uttama guNoM se suzobhita hote haiM, ve 36 haiN| AcArya mahArAja ke 36 guNa haiN| ina 36 guNoM kI eka chattIsI, aisI 36 chattIsiyoM kA ullekha zAstroM meM varNita haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki 36 prakAra se 36-36 guNoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra guNa prakArAntara se upalabdha hote haiN| chattIsI (sAmAnyatayA prApta) 1. pratirUpaguNa 2. sUryavattejasvI 3. yugapradhAnAgama 4. madhuravAkya 5. gAmbhIrya 6. dhairya 7. upadezadAna 8. aparizrAvi 9. saumyaprakRti 10. zIla 11. aparigraha 12. avikathaka 13. acapala 14. prasannavadana 15. kSamA 16. Rju 17. mRdu 18. sarvasaMgavimukti 19. dvAdazavidhatapoguNa 20. saptadazavidhasaMyama 21. satyavrata 22. zauca 23. AkiMcanya 24. brahmacarya 25. anityabhAvanA 26. azaraNabhAvanA 27. saMsArasvarUpa 28. ekatvabhAvanA 29. anyatvabhAvanA 30. azucitvabhAvanA 31. AsravabhAvanA 32. saMvarabhAvanA 33. nirjarAbhAvanA 34. lokasvarUpa 35. bodhidurlabha 36. dharmadurlabha bhaavnaa| anya isI prakAra kI 35 chattIsiyA~ haiN| 3. saMgha netRtva jaisA ki pUrva meM ullikhita hai ki arhat paramAtmA ne caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI hai| aura svayaM tIrthaGkara paramAtmA ne saMgha netRtva hetu gaNadharoM ko uttarAdhikArI bnaayaa| gaNadhara bhagavanta ke pazcAt AcAryoM kI paTTaparamparA adyApi calatI rhii| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArya bhagavanta saMgha kA saphala netRtva karate haiN| ve hI zAsana kI bAgaDora ko thAma kara zAsana ko unnata banAte haiN| jisa saMgha ke AcArya netA haiM, vaha 'saMgha' kyA hai? saMgha kise kahA jAye? AcArya haribhadrasUri ne paMcAzaka' meM 'saMgha' zabda kA artha kiyA haigaNa samudAo saMgho pavayaNa titthaM ti hoMti egaTThA / titthagaro viya eNaM Namae gurubhAvato cev| 1. paMcAzaka 8.39

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(171) tAtparya yaha hai ki aneka prANiyoM meM sthita jJAnAdi guNoM kA samudAya samUha saMgha hai| saMgha samUha vAcaka hai ataH saMgha samUharUpa hone se saMgha hai| pravacana evaM tIrtha zabda bhI saMgha ke hI ekArthaka hai arthAt saMgha kI hI paryAya hai| pravacana evaM tIrtha zabda saMgha ke hI arthaka hai, saMgha se abhinna hai| yadyapi prakRSTa yA prazasta vacana ko pravacana, jo ki dvAdazAGgI rUpa hai kahA jAtA hai tathA jisase bhavodadhitirA jAye use tIrtha kahate haiN| tathApi AdhAra-Adheya meM abheda kI vivakSA hone se pravacana aura tIrtha ko bhI saMgha kahate haiN| isa prakAra gurutara-bhAva se isako namaskAra karate haiN| gurutara se tAtparya hai guNAtmaka rUpa hone se| athavA gurutva ke rUpa gaurava hone se saMgha ko namaskAra karate haiN|' ___ saMgha kA gauravAspada varNana karate hue saMgha kA mAhAtmya darzAyA hai ki 'titthayarANaMtaro saMgho2 arthAta tIrthaMkara ke anantara saMgha hai| tIrthaMkara ke dvitIyasthAnavartI saMgha hai| athavA tIrthaGkara se vizeSa antara avidyamAna hone se saMgha tIrthaGkara se anantara hai| ataH yaha saMgha tIrthaGkara ke tulya pUjanIya hai| yahA~ taka saMgha kI mahattA kA guNagAna kiyA gayA hai ki tIrthaGkara paramAtmA kA tIrthaGkaratva bhI saMghapUrvaka hI hai| (saMghapUrvaka hi tIrthakarasya tIrthakaratvaM) isase vidita hotA hai ki saMgha kA sthAna sarvopari hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki saMgha tIrthaM hai| mahAnizItha sUtra meM punaH ise spaSTa kiyA hai yahA~ tIrtha aura saMgha meM abheda batAyA hai tathA ye ekArthaka hai, yaha spaSTa hotA hai| saMgha kA mAhAtmya jaina Agama graMthoM meM saMgha kI mahimA kA guNagAna mukta kaNTha se kiyA gayA hai| nandI sUtra meM saMgha ko nagara, cakra, ratha, padma, candra, sUrya, samudra, merU Adi rUpakoM se AkhyAna kiyA hai| 1. paMcAzaka TIkA 8.39 2. paMcA. 8.38 3. paMcA TIkA 8.38 4. vahI 8.38 5. paMcA 8.40 6. mahA. 4. adhya. 7. naMdIsUtra gA. 4.19

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(172) saMghanagara vaha saMgha rUpI nagara uttara guNa rUpI bhavya bhavanoM se vyApta, zruta-zAstra rUpa - ratnoM se pUrita, vizuddha samyaktva rUpa svaccha vAthiyoM se saMyukta, aticAra rahita mUlaguNa rUpa cAritra ke parakoTe se surakSita hai| aise nagara ke sadRza guNoM se vibhUSita saMgha hai| saMghacakra saMgha-cakra meM sattaraha prakAra ke saMyama rUpa tumba-nAbhi hai| bAhma aura Antarika tapa rUpa bAraha Araka haiN| samyaktva kI paridhi hai| yaha saMghacakra bhAvacakra, bhAva bandhanoM kA sarvathA viccheda karane vAlA hai| isa prakAra cakravartI ke cakra kI bhAMti saMgha hai| saMgha ratha isa saMgharatha meM aTThAraha sahasra zIlAMgarUpa U~cI patAkAeM phaharA rahI hai| tapa aura saMyama rUpa azva jisameM jute hue haiN| pA~ca prakAra ke svAdhyAya (vAcanA, pRcchanA, parAvartanA, anuprekSA, dharmakathA) kA maMgalamaya madhuraghoSa jisameM se nikala rahA hai, aisA vaha saMgha ratha hai| saMghapadma vaha saMgha padma kamala ke samAna karma raja rUpI jala rAzi se Upara uThA huA hai-alipta hai| jisakA AdhAra zrutaratnamaya dIrghanAla hai, pA~cha mahAvrata jisakI sudRr3ha karNikAe~ haiN| uttaraguNa jisakA parAga hai| jo bhAvuka jana rUpI madhukaroMbhaMvaroM se ghira huA hai| tIrthaGkara rUpI sUrya ke kevalajJAna rUpa teja se vikasita hai| zramaNagaNa rUpI sahasra pA~khuDiyoM vAlA vaha padmarUpI saMgha hai| saMghacandra ___ tapapradhAna, saMyamarUpa mRgacihnamaya, akriyAvAda rUpa rAhU ke mukha se sadaiva durgharSa, aticAra rahita samyaktva rUpa nirmala cAMdanI se yukta candra rUpI saMgha hai| saMghasUrya sUryarUpI saMgha paratIrtha arthAt ekAntavAdI, durnaya kA Azraya lene vAle paravAdI rUpa grahoM kI AbhA ko nisteja karane vAle, tapa rUpa teja se sadaiva dedIpyamAna,

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(173) samyagjJAna se ujAgara, upazama pradhAna sUrya ke sadRza saMgha hai| saMghasamudra samudra kI bhAMti vaha saMgha ghRti arthAt mUlaguNa tathA uttara guNoM se vRddhiMgata Atmika pariNAma rUpa bar3hate hue jala kI velA se parivyApta hai| jisameM svAdhyAya aura zubha yoga rUpI magaramaccha haiN| jo karmavidAraNa meM mahAzaktizAlI hai aura parISaha, upasarga hone para bhI niSkaMpa-nizcala hai tathA samasta aizvarya se sampanna evaM vistRta hai| isa prakAra samudra ke tulya saMgha hai| saMghamahAmandara merU ke samAna saMgha kI bhUpIThikA samyagdarzana rUpI zreSThavajramaya hai arthAt vajranirmita hai| tattvArtha zraddhAna maya samyagdarzana yukta usameM sudRr3ha AdhArazilA hai| vaha zaMkAdi dUSaNa rUpa vivaroM se rahita hai| vizuddha adhyavasAyoM se ciraMtana hai| tIvra tattva viSayaka abhirUci hone se Thosa hai| navatattva evaM SaDdravyoM meM nimagna hone se gaharA hai| usameM uttara guNa rUpa ratna evaM mUlaguNa-rUpa svarNamekhalA hai| isa prakAra nagara, ratha, cakra, padma, candra, sUrya, samudra tathA merU ina sarva meM jo viziSTa guNa samAhita haiM tadanurUpa zrI saMgha meM bhI alaukika divyaguNa haiN| saMgha anantAnaMta guNoM kA Akara hai, ataH ina viziSTa upamAoM se use upamita kiyA gayA hai| saMgha zabda kA artha (a) saMgha zabda kA artha jainAgamoM meM saMghAta', guNasaMghAta', samudAya, kITikAdigaNa samudAya artha meM, kula samudAya gaNa' kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra samyagdarzanAdisamucita prANigaNa meM sAdhu-sAdhvI zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpa bhI saMgha kahalAtA hai| zabdArtha se yaha to spaSTatayA pratIta hotA hai ki saMgha zabda kA vyavahAra samudAya yA samUha se kiyA jAtA hai| kintu jaina dharma meM saMgha kA tAtparya vizeSa artha se saMbaMdha rakhatA hai| yahA~ saMgha kA artha bhI hai to samUhAtmaka hii| kintu 1. vyavahAra sU. 3 u. 2. vahI 3. jI. 3 prati, 4 adhi, pra. 4. ThA. 5 1 u. 5. paM va. 1. dvAra

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(174) vaha samUha hai-sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA ruup| ise hI tIrtha, pravacana bhI kahA gayA hai| ___ AcArya parameSThI inhIM sAdhu-sAdhvI rUpa caturvidha saMgha kA kuzalatA se netRtva karate haiN| saMgha ke prakAra ___ yaha saMgha cAra prakAra kA hai| zramaNa, zramaNI zrAvaka aura shraavikaa| isI se yaha caturvigha saMgha se AkhyAta huA hai| yadyapi saMgha zabda anya arthoM meM bhI prayukta hotA hai, kintu yahA~ yaha caturvidha saMgha kI abhipreta hai| jisakI gaurava gAthA kA sarvatra guNagAna huA hai| (ba) 1. dharma ke sAtha jur3A saMgha zabda yadyapi saMgha zabda kA prayoga samUha artha meM hotA hai, tathApi jaina paramparA meM yaha saMgha zabda dharma ke sAtha saMyukta ho gayA hai| caturvidha saMgha rUpa hone se yaha dharma ke paryAya yA ekArthaka ho gayA hai| jaisA ki pUrva meM ullekha huA hai ki pravacana, tIrtha bhI isI ke ekArthaka hai| yahA~ taka ki tIrthaGkara ke anantara saMgha kA hI sthAna sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| 2. sAmAnyatayA saMgha zabda kA prayoga sAmAnyatayAsamUha-samudAya arthaka hI saMgha hotA hai| jaina paramparA meM yaha jaina siddhAnta, jina zAsana rUpa hai kintu anyatra saMsthArUpa meM, maNDalI, padacArI evaM vAhana saMyukta, yAtrikoM kA samUha, paMtha, maNDala, sahakArI samAja, saMgaThita evaM vyavasthita samudAya artha meM bhI saMgha zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 3. caturvidha saMgha zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka eMva zrAvikA isa prakAra saMgha ko caturvidha mAnya kiyA hai| inameM se eka kA bhI abhAva ho to vaha paripUrNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ina cAroM se saMyukta saMgha hI caturvidha saMgha hai| (sa) saMgha saMcAlana AcArya parameSThI kA mukhya kArya hai- saMgha kA saMcAlana krnaa| saMgha kI 1. ThA. 3.4

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(175) unnati meM uttarottara vRddhi hotI rahe, aisA lakSya kendra meM sthApita karake yenakena prakAreNa ve saMgha kI, zAsana kI prabhAvanA karate haiN| zAsana kI prabhAvanA hove vaisI pravRtti karane vAle prabhAvaka kahe jAte haiN| ye prabhAvaka ATha prakAra ke haiN| 1. prabhAvakatA 1. prAvacanika 2. dharmakathI 3. vAdI 4. naimitika 5. tapasvI 6. vidyAvAn 7. siddha 8. kavi (1) prAvanika-tatkAlIna (tatsaMbaMdhI samaya meM vidyamAna zAstra) zAstroM ke jJAtA aise prAvacanika AcArya pravacana ke mAdhyama se caturvidhasaMgha ko sanmArga meM pravRtta karane ke lie tatpara rahate haiN| pravacana arthAt shaastr| ye AcArya vartamAna kAla meM vidyamAna zruta ke artha ko dhAraNa karane vAle "prAvacanika" nAmaka prabhAvaka hote haiN| (2) dharmakathI-apane upadeza ke adbhuta kauzala ke dvArA bhavya jIvoM ko pratibodha dene vAle 'dharmakathI' prabhAvaka hote haiN| ye apanI pravacana kI kuzalatA se logoM ko khuza karate hue unake hRdaya kI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karate haiM evaM sanmArga meM bodha dekara pravRtta karate haiN| (3) vAdI-ye prabhAvaka tarkazAstra kA gahana adhyayana karate haiN| prasaMga Ane para ye prabhAvaka apanI tarka nipuNatA ke dvArA anya darzanI ko parAsta karake jina zAsana kI jaya jayakAra karate haiN| vAda meM vijayI hone ke kAraNa hI ye vAdI kahalAte haiN| jaina zAsana meM aise aneka vAdI prabhAvaka AcArya hue haiM, jinhoMne anya darzanI prativAdI ke sAtha vAda karake vijaya kI varamAlA phnii| (4) naimittika-ye prabhAvaka jyotiSa Adi vibhinna zAstroM ke jJAtA hote haiN| ye jaise-taise sAMsArika kAryoM meM nimitta ko nahIM kahate, lekina jaba kabhI jaina zAsana kI mahAn prabhAvanA kA prasaMga AtA hai, taba nimitta kaha kara zAsanazobhA meM abhivRddhi karate haiN| (5) tapasvI-jina zAsana meM tapasvI' nAmaka pA~caveM prabhAvaka haiN| 6 bAhya aura 6 abhyaMtara ina bAraha prakAra ke tapa ko jIvana meM vizeSa rUpa se apanAte haiN| jinezvara prabhu kI AjJA ke anusAra, AsravoM kA tyAga karake saMvara bhAva meM pravRtta hote haiN| krodhAdi kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta karake anupama samatA ko AtmasAt karake tapasyA ke mAdhyama se zrI saMgha kI prabhAvanA karate haiN|

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(176) (6) vidyAvAna prabhAvaka-ye prabhAvaka vidyA-maMtra Adi meM nipuNa hote haiN| zAsana kI prabhAvanA ke avasara para vidyAoM kA prayoga karake prabhAvakatA ko pragaTa karate haiN| (7) siddha prabhAvaka-ye prabhAvaka aneka siddhiyoM ke dhAraka siddhapuruSa hote haiN| zAsana prabhAvanA ke prasaMga par3ane para hI siddhiyoM kA prayoga karate haiN| (8) kavi prabhAvaka-ye prabhAvaka apanI kavitva zakti ke dvArA viziSTa prakAra ke kAvya (zlokAdi kI racanA) kA nirmANa karate haiN| jisake mAdhyama se rAjA, maMtrI Adi anya logoM ko prabhAvita karake zAsana kI prabhAvanA karate haiN| - isa prakAra ye ATha prabhAvaka kahe gaye haiN| upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ma. pharamAte hai ki-jisa kAla meM aise mahAn zAsana prabhAvaka nahIM hote haiM, taba zAstrokta vidhi vidhAna se yAtrA pUjAdi dharmAnuSThAnAdi dharma kAryoM meM pravRtta karAne vAle hI prabhAvaka kahalAte haiN| (2) AcAra kI vizuddhi (ka) paMcAcAra kI svayaM paripAlanA-AcArya parameSThI meM AcAra kI vizuddhi utkRSTa koTi kI hotI hai| unakA AcAraNa itanA prazaMsya hotA hai ki vaha jagat ke lie anukaraNIya ho jAtA hai| ve aNizuddha paMcAcAra kI svayaM paripAlanA karate haiN| yadi ve svayaM AcaraNa na kare to jagat ko AcaraNa kI zuddhatA kA upadeza bhI kaise deM? vAstava meM ve jagat ko upadeza dene hetu hI AcaraNa kI paripAlanA nahIM karate, varan svakalyANa ko lakSya meM rakhakara Atmazreya hetu karma nirjarA karane ke lie karate haiN| unakI paripAlanA ko dekhakara hI saMgha unako AcArya pada para ArUr3ha karatA hai| yaha paripAlanA hI unako saMgha kA niyAmaka banA detI hai| ataH AcArya parameSThI kA sarvaprathama kartavya hai ki ve paMcAcAra kI paripAlanA sundara rIti se kreN| (kha) saMgha dvArA pAlana hetu puruSArtha-jina paMcAcAroM kI paripAlanA AcArya parameSThI svayaM karate haiM, ve saMgha ko inakI pratipAlanA ke lie pravRtta karate haiM / AcAryajI kA puruSArtha bhI isI dizA meM pravahamAna hotA hai, ki sampUrNa saMgha paMcAcAroM ke pAlana meM udyata rhe| unakA AcaraNa, sadbodha, pravacana, jJAna, vyavahAra sarva kAryoM meM ve AcAra kI zuddhatA kA vizeSa lakSya rakhate haiN| isa hetu

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(177) ve saMgha meM pravacana dete haiM / zAstroM kA jJAtA hokara jo jIva jisa ruci se pravRtta ho sakatA hai, usako rUci ke anusAra bodha dekara sanmArga meM pravRtta karane hetu puruSArtha karate haiN| AcAra vibhinna dRSTikoNa meM bhAratIya AcAra AcAra zabda aneka arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai, yathA-nIti, dharma, kartavya, naitikatA aadi| jisa prakAra dharma zabda vyApaka hai, usI prakAra AcAra kI vyApakatA usase adhika prasarI huI hai| isa prakAra mAnava ke karttavya ke rUpa meM jina niyamoM kA honA Avazyaka hai, unakA samAveza AcAra ke antargata ho jAtA hai| bhAratIya AcAra meM jaina paramparA yaha mAnya karatI hai ki unake AcAra ke niyamoM kA nirmANa prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva se prArambha hokara, kucha parivartanoM ke sAtha athavA yuga ke anusAra usa samaya ke anya tIrthaGkaroM ne kiyaa| antima svarUpa meM vidyamAna AcAra saMhitA kA vidhAna antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kI dena hai| tathAgata buddha ne bauddha paramparA ke anusAra niyamoM kI saraMcanA kI, to vaidika paramparA meM veda, brAhmaNa, upaniSad, smRti Adi granthoM ke AlaMbana se niyamoM kA nirmANa huaa| maryAdA puruSottama zrI rAma evaM karmayogI zrI kRSNa ne bhI apane yuga ke calate pravAha ke anusAra nIti praNAlI kA gaThana kiyaa| vAstava meM bhAratIya AcAra ko sudRr3ha karane vAle ye hI mahApuruSa haiN| zruti, smRti, kalpa Adi granthoM, sAtha hI piTaka, AgamoM ke AdhAra para unameM, pallavana, vistAra, saMkoca aura vikAsa hotA rhaa| pAzcAtya AcAra ___ pAzcAtya AcAra kI nIMva DAlane meM IsA, mUsA aura muhammada Adi pramukha haiN| kyoMki bAIbala aura kurAna Adi granthoM meM dArzanika tattvoM kA pratipAdana na hokara mAnava jIvana ko samunnata banAne hetu jina niyamoM kI AvazyakatA thI, unhIM kA pratipAdana inameM kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ bhI jIvana vikAsa ke lie AcAra ko Avazyaka svIkAra kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya dharmoM meM AcAra ko mahattvapUrNa mAnya kiyA gayA hai| bhArata ke tInoM dharmoM-vaidika, jaina aura bauddha ne apanI paramparA ke anusAra evaM pAzcAtya dharmoM meM apanI mAnyatAoM ke anusAra AcAra praNAlikA kA gaThana kiyaa|

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(178) jaina paramparA ke AcAra evaM bheda-prabheda navAGgI TIkAkAra AcArya abhayadevasUri ne AcAra zabda ke tIna artha prastuta kiye haiM-1. AcaraNa 2. Asevana 3. vyavaharaNa ___ jaina Agama granthoM meM vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se bhI bheda-prabheda kiye haiN| sthAnAGga meM zrutadharma aura cAritradharma ke anusAra do bheda haiM, to tatvArthasUtra meM samyagdarzana jJAna aura cAritra rUpa meM tIna bheda haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa ina cAra bhedoM kI prarUpaNA hai| to kahIM jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra aura vIryAcAra ina pA~ca bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai| vAstava meM sUkSmatA se dekhA jAye to hameM jJAta hotA hai| ki saMkhyAbheda hone para bhI saiddhAntika dRSTi se maulika antara nahIM hai| kyoMki zrutadharma meM samyagdarzana aura jJAna kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, to cAritradharma meM cAritra aura tapa kaa| AcAra ke pA~ca bhedoM meM bhI prathama do kA jJAna meM aura antima tIna kA cAritra meM samAhAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki tapa aura vIrya ye donoM hI cAritra sAdhanA ke aMga hai| isa prakAra jJAna aura kriyA meM, AcAra aura vicAra meM sabhI bhedoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| AcAra zuddhi ke sopAnaH paMcAcAra AcArya jina paMcAcAroM kA svayaM pAlana karate haiM karavAte haiM, ve nimna haiM 1. jJAnAcAra-mAnava kA kriyAtmaka pakSa AcAra hai| AcAra hI jJAna kA sAra hai| pA~ca prakAra ke AcAroM meM prathama jJAnAcAra hai| jJAna ke pA~ca bheda haiM, yathA-mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevljnyaan| ina pA~ca bhedoM meM se zrutajJAna ko hI AcAraNa yukta mAnA gayA hai, anya ko nhiiN| kyoMki zrutajJAna hI vyavahArAtmaka hai|' AcArya saMghadAsagaNi ne nizItha bhASya meM jJAnAcAra ke ATha bheda darzAye haiM, jo nimna haiN| (1) kAla-jisa kAla meM jo kArya nirdiSTa hai, usI kAla meM vaha kArya kiyA jaaye| 1.(ka) AcaraNamAcAro vyavahAraH sthA. vRtti, patra-60 (kha) AcaraNamAcAro jJAnAdi vissyaasevetyrthH| sthA. vRtti patra 309 2. sthAnAGga 2.72 3. tattvArtha sUtra 1.1 4. uttarAdhyayana 28.2 5. sthA.5 6. tattvArthasUtra 1.1 7. anuyogadvAra 2. 8. nizIthabhASya gA. 8-1

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(179) (2) vinaya-jJAna prApta karane ke lie vinamratApUrvaka sadvyavahAra krnaa| (3) bahumAna-jJAna ke prati atyanta anurAga honA evaM antarmana se usakA Adara, sanmAna krnaa| (4) upadhAna-zAstra kI vAcanA (adhyayana) vividha tapa kA anuSThAna yukta lenaa| (5) aniva-adhyetA guru kA upakAra mAnakara unakA nAma na chipaanaa| (6) vyaJjana-sUtra kA vAMcana krnaa| (7) artha-sUtra kA adhyayana artha ko samajhate hue krnaa| (8) sUtrArtha-sUtra aura artha kA sAtha-sAtha bodha krnaa| isa prakAra ina ATha bhedoM yukta jJAna kA AcaraNa karanA, pAlana karanA jJAnAcAra hai| ___ 2. darzanAcAra-pAMcAcAra meM dUsarA bheda hai darzanAcAra / jisakA artha hai-samyaktva viSayaka AcaraNa / samyaktva kA artha hai satya-tattva ke prati dRr3ha niSThA evaM shrddhaa| nizIthabhASya meM isake ATha bheda kiye haiN| jo nimna haiM___(1) niHzaMkita-isakA artha zaMkA evaM bhaya donoM milate haiN| uttarAdhyayana bRhadvRti meM zAntyAcArya ne, zrAvaka dharma prakaraNa meM AcArya haribhadra ne sthAnAGgavRtti meM AcArya abhayadeva ne , yogazAstra meM AcArya hemacandra ne', pravacanasAroddhAra meM AcArya nemicaMdrane, mUlArAdhanA TIkA meM AcArya zivakoTine zaMkA kA artha sandeha kiyA hai| to AcArya kundandane samayasAra meM zaMkA kA artha bhaya kiyA hai| tattvArthavRtti meM AcArya zrutasAgara ne isakA artha bhaya aura zaMkA donoM artha kiye haiN| isa prakAra niHzaMkita kA artha hai jina bhASita tattva ke prati asaMdigdha honA aura sAta prakAra ke bhayoM se bhayabhIta na hokara abhaya honA hI samyagdarzana kA AcAra hai| nizIthacUrNikAra isake do prakAra karate haiN| 1. deza (aMzataH) zaMkA 2. sarvazaMkA dezazaMkA yathA jIva samAna hai to bhavya-abhavya bheda kaise ho sakate 1. nizItha. bhA. gA. 23 4. sthA. vR. pR. 176 7. mUlarAdhanA 1.44 10. ni. bhA. gA. 24 2. uttarA. vRtti patra 567. 5. yogazAstra 2.17 8. samaya gA. 228 3. zrA. dha. pra. vR. patra. 20 6. pravacana sAro. pR. 69 9. tattvArtha vRtti 7.23

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(180) haiM? sarva zaMkA arthAt samasta dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka prAkRta bhASA meM hI banA hai athavA kisI kuzala vyakti dvArA kalpita hai, isa prakAra kI zaMkA sarva zaMkA hai| isa prakAra zaMkA na karake niHzaMka rahanA darzana kA AcAra hai| (2) niSkAMkSita-arthAt kAMkSA rahita honA / kAMkSA ke do artha haiM (1) 'karavA aNNoNa daMsaNaggAho' arthAt anya anya ekAnta dRSTivAle darzanoM kI abhilASA karanA, unako svIkAra karane kI icchA krnaa| (2) dharmAcaraNa ke dvArA sukha samRddhi pAne kI icchA karanA ina donoM prakAra kI icchAoM se rahita honA hI darzana kA AcAra hai| (3) nirvicikitsA-isake do artha kiye haiN| - 1. dharma ke phala meM saMdeha karanA 2. jugupsaa-ghRnnaa| yaha kArya hogA yA nahIM? pratyakSa meM yaha aisA hai, parokSa meM isa kA phala milegA yA nahIM? yaha vicikitsA hai| vitigicchA arthAt mati kA viplava honaa| jaise yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa hai? isakA tyAga athavA rahita honA vicikitsA hai| 2. jo sAdhu ke malina pAtra upakaraNa Adi dekhakara nindA, gardA kare vaha vicikitsA hai| pUrva se yaha vizeSa hai| (4) amUDhadRSTi-arthAt mohamayI dRsstti| paravAdI yA ekAntavAdI tIrthakoM kI vibhUti, Rddhi, pUjA, samRddhi dekhakara AkarSita honA yA moha utpanna honA mUr3hatA hai| usa mUr3hatA kA abhAva honA amUDhadRSTi honA darzana kA AcAra hai| (5) upabRMhaNa-saMghadAsagaNi ne isakI vyAkhyA kI hai "tapasvI kI vaiyAvRtya karanA tathA vinaya sajjhAyAdi se yukta dekhakara prazaMsA karanA vaha upabRMhaNa hai| prazaMsA karanA, zlAghA-zraddhA karanA upabRMhaNa hai| anyatra isakA artha kiyA hai puSTi krnaa| vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM isake sthAna para upagUhana zabda prayukta kiyA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai- pramAdavaza hue doSoM kA pracAra na karanA va apane guNoM kA gopana krnaa| jabaki amRta candrAcArya ise upabRMhaNa kA hI prakAra kahate haiN| 1.ni. bhA. gA. 24 2. tattvArthavRtti 7.23, puruSArthasiddhayupAya 24. 3. ni. bhA. 26, prava. sAro. 268 vRtti patra 64, puruSA 25, ratna ka. zrA. 1.13 4. ni. bhA. 26, zrAvaka dha, pra. 68-60 5. ni.bhA. gA. 25 6. vasu. zrA. 48 7. puruSA. 26

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(181) unakA abhimata hai ki svayaM ke AtmaguNoM kI vRddhi karanA aura dUsare ke doSoM kA nigUhana karanA-ye donoM upabRMhaNa ke hI aMga hai|" (6) sthirIkaraNa-jo saMyama se, dharma va nyAyamArga se zithila ho rahe haiM, vicalita ho rahe haiM usameM dhairyatA, sthiratA utpanna karanA, use preraNA karanA sthirIkaraNa hai| (7) vAtsalya-mokSa meM sahAyaka dharma va dhArmikoM meM vatsala bhAva rakhanA, unakI yathAyogya pratipatti karanA, sAdhArmika, zramaNoM ko AhAra, vastra Adi denaa| guru, glAna, tapasvI, zaikSa tathA anya Ae hue zramaNoM kI vizeSa sevA karanA vAtsalya hai| (8) prabhAvanA-zabdoM ko avadhAraNa karake jo pravacana kI prabhAvanA karate haiM, vaha prabhAvanA hai| (jisase caturvidha saMgha (tIrtha)-sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka va zrAvikA kI unnati ho, usa prakAra kA prayatna krnaa| sAtha hI samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra se apanI AtmA ko prabhAvita karanA aura jina zAsana kI mahimA va garimA meM vRddhi karanA prabhAvanA hai| darzanAcAra ke ye AThoM hI aMga satyAvasthA ko prakAzita karate haiN| jaba taka zaMkAdi doSoM se mukta nahIM hogA use satya tathya kA jJAna nahIM hogaa| AcArya parameSThI ina AThoM hI aMgoM ko dhAraNa karake anya saMghAdi ko satyatattva kA prakAza karate haiN| 3. cAritrAcAra ___ AcArya tIsare cAritrAcAra kA pAlana karate haiN| cAritrAcAra kA artha hai, samitigupti rUpa aacrnn| samiti kA artha hai samyak pravartaka / ahiMsA saMvalita pravRtti samiti tathA jo nivartana kare use gupti kahate haiN| samiti-gupti ke ATha prakAra haiN| 5 samiti-IryAsamiti, bhASAsamiti, eSaNAsamiti, AdAnamaMDabhattanikSepaNAsamiti, uccAraprastravaNakhela jalasiMghANa pAriSThApanikI samiti / 1. ni. bhA. 28, prava. sAro. 268 vRtti patra 64, puruSA 28, ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra 1.16 2. ni. bhA. 29, uttarA bahavRtti 567 3. ni.bhA. 31 bRhavRtti 567 4. uttarA. bRhadvRtti 567 5. (nizItha bhASya gA. 35-paridhANa jogajuttoM paMcahi samitIhiM tihiM ya guttIhiM / esa cArittAcAro aTThaviho hoti naayvvo||| 6. (uttarAdhyayana 24. adhya, tattvArtha sUtra 9.5)

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(182) tInagupti-managupti, vacanagupti, kAyagupti 1. IryAsamiti-yatanApUrvaka clnaa| 2. bhASAsamiti-yatanApUrvaka bolnaa| 3. eSaNAsamiti-zayyA (sthAnaka), AhAra, vastra, pAtra Adi nirdoSa grahaNa krnaa| 4. AdAnabhaNDamattanikSepaNAsamiti-yatanApUrvaka bhaNDopakaraNagrahaNa karanA tathA sthApita karanA (rkhnaa)| 5. pAriSThapanikAsamiti-uccAra-dIrghazaMkA (baDInIti), prasravaNa-laghunIti, khela-zleSma, jalla-maila, siMghANa-nAka kA maila Adi jIva rahita bhUmi meM paraThanA (ddaalnaa)| 4. gupti-mana, vacana, kAyA kA gopana kre| tAtparya yaha hai ki inakA nigraha kreN| isa prakAra AcArya bhagavaMta inake doSoM ko dUra karake, guNoM kA pAlana, samiti-gupti kA pAlana svayaM karate haiM tathA anyoM se bhI pAlana karAte haiN| kyoMki inakA praNidhAna samasta cAritra ke utpAdana, rakSaNa aura vizodhana meM ananya sAdhana rUpa hai| 4. tapAcAra __ AcAra kA caturtha bheda hai-tp| bhAratIya AcAra paddhati meM tapa kA sthAna sarvopari rahA hai| brAhmaNa evaM zramaNa saMskRti meM ise sAdhanA kA aparihArya aMga ke rUpa meM mAnya hai| jaina paramparA meM isakA artha mAtra kArya kleza yA upavAsa Adi hI nahIM hai, kintu icchAoM ke nirodha ke sAtha dhyAna prAyazcita, svAdhyAya rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| tapa se karmoM kI nirjarA tvarita gati se hotI hai| jaina paramparA tapa ke do bheda svIkAra karatI haiM - 1. bAhya tapa 2. Antarika tapa 1. (vahI. 9.4) 2. uttarA. 29.13, 29.27-28 3. tattvArtha sUtra 9.3 'tapasA nirjarAca' 4. uttarA. 28.34 5. tattvArtha sUtra 9.19-20, aupapAtika sUtra 30

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(183) bAhya tapa ke 6 prakAra haiM 1. anazana-asanna-anna, pANaM-pAnI, khAima-khAdima (mevA Adi) sAimaMsvAdima (mukhavAsa pAna supArI Adi) kA tyAga krnaa| 2. avamodArikA-AhAra, upadhi (vastrAdi), kaSAya ko kama krnaa| 3. bhikSAcaryA-gRhasthoM ke yahA~ se nirdoSa AhAra laanaa| 4. rasaparityAga-svAdiSTa evaM balavardhaka vastuoM kA yathAzakti tyAga krnaa| 5. kAya kleza-svecchA se, svAdhIna rUpa se nirjarA ke lie kAyA ko kaSTa denA-kAyaklezatapa hai| 6. pratisaMlInatA-iMdriya, kaSAya, yoga tathA zayyA-Asana kA saMkocana krnaa| __ ina bAhya tapoM ke AcaraNa se dehAdhyAsa chUTa jAtA hai| dehAsakti sAdhanA meM vighnarUpa hai| ataH manISiyoM ne isake tyAga ke lie tapAcaraNa kA upadeza diyA hai| Antarika tapa-Antarika tapa ke bhI 6 bheda kahe gaye haiM1. prAyazcita tapa-pApa kI paryAya kA jo chedana kare, use prAyazcita kahate haiN| 2. vinaya tapa-gurujanoM, vayovRddha, guNavRddha kA Adara, sanmAna, satkAra karanA vinaya tapa hai| 3. vaiyAvRtya-arthAt sevA krnaa| vRddha, glAna, bAla, tapasvI. padadhAriyoM kI sevA karanA vaiyAvRtya hai| 4. svAdhyAya-vAcanA, pRcchanA, punarAvartana, anuprekSA krnaa| 5. dhyAna-azubha dhyAna se nivRtti hokara zubha dhyAna krnaa| Arta-raudra dhyAna azubha hai tathA dharma-zukla dhyAna zubha dhyAna hai| 6. vyutsarga-chor3ane yogya vastu ko chor3anA yaha vyutsarga hai| isa prakAra yaha 6 prakAra ke bAhya tathA 6 prakAra ke Antarika tapa, kula milAkara ina bAraha bhedoM meM AcArya svayaM ko saMlagna karate haiM tathA anyoM ko bhI prerita karate haiN| (5) vIryAcAra AcAra kA pA~cavA~ bheda vIryAcAra hai| jJAna Adi ke viSaya meM zakti kA agopana tathA anatikrama karanA vIryAcAra hai| ye guNoM meM apane vIrya ko sphurita karate haiN| niraMtara jJAna, dhyAna, tapa, saMyama tathA dharmopadeza meM sAtha hI dharmavRddhi ke

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(184) pratyeka kArya meM pravRtta hokara apane bala, vIrya, parAkrama ko sphurita karate haiM tathA anyoM ke vIryollAsa meM vRddhi karAte haiN| isa prakAra AcArya bhagavanta apane vIryapuruSArtha ko vegavAn banAkara dharmajAgRti lAte haiN| ina paMcAcAroM ke dhAraka AcArya bhagavanta svayaM inakA pAlana karate haiM tathA anya prANiyoM ko pAlana karane hetu pravRtta karate haiN| AcArya viSayaka itara darzanoM kI vicAraNA vedoM meM AcArya zramaNa paramparA meM AcArya pada kA mAhAtmya anUThA hai| brAhmaNa paramparA meM isa pada kI garimA kA guNagAna kisa prakAra huA hai? caturvedoM meM se mAtra atharvaveda meM isa pada kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| ___ atharvaveda meM AcArya kA ullekha guru ke lie kiyA hai, jo ki brahmacArI dvArA poSita hotA hai| aura upanayana karane vAlA AcArya usa brahmacArI ko vidyAmaya zarIra ke garbha meM sthApita karatA huA, tIna rAta taka brahmacArI ko apane udara meM rakhatA hai| yahA~ para yaha bhI ullikhita hai ki "pRthivI aura AkAza ke utpAdaka AcArya kI bhI brahmacArI rakSA karatA hai| pRthivI loka meM AcArya ke hRdaya rUpa guhA meM eka vedAtmaka nidhi hai| uparyukta kathanoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArya brahmacArI se poSita hI nahIM, varan unase rakSita bhI hote haiM / evaM AcArya usa brahmacArI ko vidyAdhyayana karAte hai| ve AcArya pRthivI aura AkAza ke utpAdaka hai| sAtha hI ullekha hai ki "upanayana karane vAle AcArya" isase tAtparya yaha nikalatA hai ki vidhi vidhAna karane vAle AcArya, saMskAra karane vAle AcArya bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| isa prakAra AcArya bhI aneka prakAra ke hone caahiye| isI atharvaveda meM AcAryapravara ke lie to yahA~ taka kathana hai ki AcArya hI mRtyu haiM, vahI varUNa haiM, vahI soma haiN| dugdha, brIhi yava aura auSadhiyA~ AcArya kI kRpA se hI prApta hote haiM / athavA yaha svayaM hI AcArya ho gae haiN| 1. atharva. 11.3.5.1 2. vahI 11.3.5.3 3. vahI 11.3.5.8 4. vahI 11.3.5.10

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(185) AcArya rUpa se varUNa ne jisa jala ko apane pAsa rakhA, vahI varUNa prajApati se phala cAhate the, vahI mitra ne brahmacArI hokara AcArya ko dakSiNA rUpa se diyaa| vidyA kA upadeza dekara AcArya brahmacArI rUpa se prakaTa hue haiN| vahI tapa se mahimAvAna hue prajApati bne| prajApati se virATa hote hue, vahI vizva ke sraSTA paramAtmA ho ge| AcArya brahmacarya se hI brahmacArI ko apanA ziSya banAne kI icchA karatA hai| uparyukta kathana se jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ AcArya ko kitanA gaurava prApta hai| jIvana-mRtyu saba kucha AcArya ke hI AdhIna hai| yadyapi unakA kArya vidyAdhyayana hI hai| tathApi unakI kRpA ati mahattvapUrNa hai, jIvana vikAsa ke lie| unakI mahatI kRpA kA hI suphala hai ki sarva vAMchita pUrNa hote haiM / AcArya hI prajApati banate hai tathA kramazaH virATa evaM vizva ke sraSTA paramAtmA hojAte haiM / isa prakAra AcArya paramAtmapada kA varaNa karate haiM / ___ yadyapi jaina paramparA saMgha ke nAyaka evaM upadezaka rUpa se aMgIkAra karatI hai| arhat kA abhAva meM unakA sthAna sarvopari hotA hai, saMgha saMcAlana meN| tathApi ve paramAtma pada kA varaNa kareM hI, yaha nizcita nhiiN| kyoMki jinhoMne kevalajJAna prApta kiyA, ve hI paramAtma pada para adhiSThita ho sakate haiM, anya nhiiN| AcArya pada mAtra saMgha ke nAyaka, saMcAlaka ke lie hI yahA~ prayukta huA hai| jabaki veda meM unakI samAnatA paramAtmA ke samakakSa darzAyI hai| bauddha paramparA meM AcArya vinayapiTaka ke antargata 'mahAvagga' evaM 'cullavaga' meM AcArya viSayaka varNana upalabdha hotA hai| yahA~ ullekha hai ki jaba saMgha meM khAsataura se ziSyoM meM avyavasthA ho jAtI hai, bhikSu AcAra-dharma kA yathocita pAlana nahIM karate, taba buddha ke samakSa unakI phariyAda kI jAtI hai| taba buddha svayaM ziSyoM ko udbodhana karate haiM ki AcArya bnaaveN| usase pUrva bhikSu AcArya ke binA hI rahate the| anuzAsanahInatA hone para buddha AcArya banAne kI anumati dete haiN| sAtha hI upadeza 1. (athava. 11.3.5.14-16) 2. (vahI 11.3.5.17) 3. (taittirIya upa. 1.3.2, 11.1, chAMdogya 4.9.1, 1.4.1, 7..15.1, jaimi. 3.2.3.4,) 4. (AcArivattakathA-vinayapiTaka-mahAvagga 1.2.1., cullavagga-8.5.4)

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(186) dete haiN| ki AcArya ko ziSTa meM putra-buddhi rakhanI cAhiye tathA ziSya ko AcArya meM pitA buddhi| uttarAsaMga ko kaMdhe para karavA kara, pAdavaMdana kara, ukaDU biThA kara, hAtha jor3akara isa prakAra kahanA cAhie-bhante! mere AcArya banie, bhaMte! mere AcArya banie, bhaMte! mere AcArya bnie| AcArya ke prati ziSya kA kartavya ziSya ko AcArya ke sAtha acchA bartAva karanA caahie| acchA bartAva yaha haisamaya se uThakara, jUtA chor3a, uttarAsaMga ko eka kaMdhe para rakha, dAtuvana denA cAhie, mukha (dhone ko) jala denA caahiye| Asana bichAnA caahiye| yadi khicar3I kaleU (nAzte) ke lie hai, to pAtra dhokara use denA caahie| pAnI dekara, pAtra lekara binA ghase dhokara rakha denA caahie| AcArya ke uTha jAne para vahA~ svaccha kara denA caahiye| AcArya gA~va meM jAnA cAhe to vastra thamAnA cAhiye, kamarabanda denA caahie| yadi ve sAtha meM anugAmI bhikSu cAheM to isI prakAra susajja hokara AcArya kA anucara bananA caahie| unake sAtha meM na bahuta dUra calanA cAhie, na bahuta samIpa meM calanA caahie| pAtra meM bhikSA ko grahaNa karanA caahiye| AcArya ke bAta karate samaya bIca-bIca meM bAta nahIM karanA caahiye| yadi AcArya sadoSa bAta bola rahe ho to manA karanA caahiye| lauTane para pahale Akara Asana bichA denA cAhiye pAdodaka (paira dhone kA jala) pAda-pITha, pAda kaThalI (paira ghisane kA sAdhana) rakha denA caahie| jo jo vastue~-vyavasthA pahale unake prati kI thI, vaha punaH unase lekara vyavasthita sthApita kara denA caahie| saMkSepa meM AcArya ke AhAra, bhikSATana, snAna tathA AvAsa Adi kI svacchatA kA uttaradAyitva ziSya para hotA hai| yahA~ taka ki yadi AcArya ko udAsI ho to ziSya ko use haTAnA, haTavAnA cAhiye dhArmika kathA unase karanI caahiye| unako zaMkA utpanna huI ho to, ulTI dhAraNA bhI ho gaI ho to ziSya ko use dUra karane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| 1. AcArivattakathA-vinayapiTaka-mahAvaggA-1.2.1, cullavagga-8.5.4 2. vahI 3. vahI 4. vahI

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(187) yadi AcArya ne koI bar3A aparAdha kara diyA ho to ziSya ko cAhiye ki saMgha AcArya ko daNDa na kare yA halkA daNDa de| ____ AcArya se pUche binA vaha kucha bhI kArya na kre| yadi AcArya roga AkrAnta hoM to jIvanabhara unakI sevA karanI caahie|' AcArya ke karttavya upAdhyAya ko ziSya se acchA bartAva karanA caahie| usa para anugraha karanA cAhiye, upadeza denA caahie| AhAra, vastra, pAtra kI vyavasthA karanI caahiye| yadi ziSya roga se AkrAnta ho jAve to jisa prakAra ziSya AcArya kI paricaryA karatA thA, usI prakAra AcArya ko bhI ziSya kI sevA karanI caahiye| ziSya kA kucha aparAdha huA ho to saMgha use kSamA kare athavA alpadaNDa de, aisI vyavasthA AcArya ko karanI caahiye| AcArya kA adhikArI ___ saMgha meM kama se kama jo dasa varSa se ho tathA jisameM ziSyoM kI dekhabhAla karane kI zakti ho, vahI AcArya kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| AcArya kA cayana bhI tabhI hotA thA, jaba upAdhyAya pravAsa meM gae hoM, athavA maraNa huA ho, unhoMne bhikSutva kA tyAga kiyA ho, tabhI ziSya AcArya kA cayana karate the| isa prakAra bauddha paramparA meM AcArya pada kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta sandarbho se vidita hotA hai ki yahA~ AcArya kA mAtra uddezya hotA hai ziSya meM saMskAroM kA aaropnn| ziSyoM kI dekhabhAla karanA hI unakA karttavya hotA hai, anya nhiiN| sAtha hI AcArya kA cayana bhI ziSya hI karate haiM, saMgha yA svayaM buddha bhI isa dizA meM kucha gaThana nahIM krte| saMgha saMcAlana kA bhAra unake skaMdhoM para nhiiN| na hI unameM viziSTa guNoM kA honA jJApita kiyA hai, mAtra dasa varSa kI avadhi honA, evaM ziSya kI paravariza karanA hI unakA kArya hai| tAtparya yaha nikalatA hai ki bauddha paramparA meM mAtra ziSya kI zikSA-dIkSA ke lie hI AcArya kA nirmANa huA hai| 1. vahI 2. AcArivattakathA-vinayapiTaka-mahAvagga 1.2.1, cullavagga-8.5.4 3. vahI. 4. vahI

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(188) isa prakAra itara paramparAoM meM bhI AcAryapada para dhyAna anulakSita kiyA hai| jaina paramparA jahA~ saMgha ke netRtva kA, saMcAlana, paMcAcAra pAlana, adhyayana-adhyApana evaM saMyama niSThA para vizeSa bala detI hai, vahA~ itara paramparA meM adhyayana-adhyApana hetu vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra tRtIya parameSThI AcArya pada kA yahAM anya paramparA evaM jaina paramparA ke sandarbha meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai|

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(189) adhyAya-6 upAdhyAya-pada paMca parameSThI kA caturtha pada-upAdhyAya - upAdhyAya-vyutpattiparaka artha, sAmAnya artha - paryAyeM - prakAra-guNa - ATha prabhAvanAe~ - anya vizeSatAe~-gaNi-gaccha-saMdhAraNe, pAhaNa ne pallava ANe, bAvanA candana rasa samavayaNe, ahita tApa savi TAle, sUtra siddhAntoM ke pAThaka - sUtra siddhAnta (Agama) - Apta kauna? - caudahapUrva, aMga Agama 1. aMga praviSTa 2. aMgabAhya - anya darzanoM meM samAnapada - bauddha paramparA meM upAdhyAya pada

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(190) paMca parameSThI kA caturtha pada-upAdhyAya Asrava dvAroM ko avarUddha karake tathA mana-vacana-kAyA ke yogoM ko vaza karake jinhoMne vidhipUrvaka svara, vyaMjana, mAtrA, bindu, pada aura akSara dvArA vizuddha aise dvAdazAMga zruta kA adhyayana kiyA hai, evaM adhyApana karAte haiM tathA usake dvArA sva-para ke mokSa ke upAyoM ko dhyAte haiM ve upAdhyAya haiN| ciraparicita aise dvAdazAMga zrutajJAna ko jo ananta gamaparyaya dvArA cintana karate haiM, punaH punaH smaraNa karate haiM aura ekAgra mana se dhyAna karate haiM, ve upAdhyAya haiN| upAdhyAya arthAt sAdhuoM ko zAstroM kA abhyAsa karAne vaale| zAstrakAroM ne isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai-"upa samIpe adhivasanAt zrutasya ayo-lAbho bhavati yebhyaste upAdhyAyAH"- jinake pAsa rahane se zruta kA lAbha ho ve upAdhyAya kahalAte haiN| __ niyamasAra meM ullekha hai ki "ve ratnatraya se saMyukta jina kathita padArthoM ke zuravIra upadezaka aura ni:kAMkSita bhAva sahita haiN| mUlArAdhanA meM vyAkhyA hai "bAraha aMga caudahapUrva jo jinadeva ne kahe haiM, unako paMDita jana svAdhyAya kahate haiN| ve ina svAdhyAya kA upadeza karate haiM, ataH upAdhyAya hai|" dhavalA meM ise spaSTa kiyA hai ki jo sAdhu caudaha pUrva rUpI samudra meM praveza karake arthAt paramAgama kA abhyAsa karake mokSamArga meM sthita hai, tathA mokSa ke icchuka zIlaMdharoM arthAt muniyoM ko upadeza dete haiM, una munIzvaroM ko upAdhyAya parameSThI kahate haiN| rAjavArtika', savArthasiddhi bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM isI prakAra kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| punaH dhavalAkAra ullekha karate haiM ki "caudaha vidyAsthAnoM ke vyAkhyAna karane vAle athavA tatkAlIna paramAgama ke vyAkhyAna karane vAle upAdhyAya haiN| ve saMgraha, anugraha AdiguNoM ko chor3akara pUrvakathita AcArya ke samasta guNoM se yukta hote haiN|9 1. mahAnizItha 2. mahAnizItha 3. sandarbhaH namaskAra mahAmaMtra-bhadraMkara vijaya muni pR. 14 4. niyamasAra-74, dravyasaMgraha 53 5. mUlArAdhanA 511, Avaya ni. 1001 6.1. (dhavalA 1.1,1,1.50.1) dhavalA 1.1, 1, 1.3250 7. rAjavArtika 9.24.4.62.13. 8. sarvArthasiddhi 9.24.44.2.7 bhagavatI ArAdhanA 46.154.20 9. dhavalA 1.1,1,1.50.1

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(191) __ zaMkA samAdhAna karane vAlA, suvaktA vAgbrahma, sarvajJa arthAt siddhAntazAstra aura yAvat AgamoM ke pAragAmI, vArtika tathA sUtroM ko zabda aura artha ke dvArA siddha karane vAle hone se kavi, artha meM madhuratA kA dyotaka tathA mArga ke agraNI hote haiN| upAdhyAyapane meM zAstra kA vizeSa abhyAsa hI kAraNa hai, kyoMki jo svayaM adhyayana karatA hai, aura ziSyoM ko bhI adhyayana karAtA hai, vahI guru upAdhyAya hai| upAdhyAya meM vratAdi ke pAlana karane kI zeSa vidhi sarva muniyoM ke samAna hai|' sUtrArtha arthAt sUtra aura usakA arth| tAtparya yaha hai ki sUtra para bhASya kA artha, bhASya para niyukti kA artha, niyukti para cUrNI-TIkA kA artha yaha sarva sUtra ke artha meM hI sammilita hotA hai| AcArya artha kI dezanA dete haiN| jisa se sUtra ke bhAvoM kA bodha hotA hai, aise padArthoM kA upadeza dete haiN| jabaki upAdhyAya sUtra pATha dete haiM tathA sUtra kA bhASya-cUrNI TIkA ke antargata artha kI vAcanA bhI dete haiN| yadyapi upAdhyAya AcArya nahIM hai, AcArya pada para virAjamAna nahIM hai, tathApi upAdhyAya svAdhyAya meM tatpara evaM udyata rahate haiN| AcArya zAsana paramparA kA vistAra karate haiM, to upAdhyAya sUtrArtha paramparA kA vistaraNa karate haiN| ve sarigaNa ke- AcArya ke samudAya ke sahAyaka hote hai| sUtrArtha kI vAcanA se muniyoM ko bodha hotA hai| ve svAdhyAya-paThana-pAThana meM rata rahate haiN| isa prakAra upAdhyAya muniyoM ke jJAna-dAna se mukhyatayA sahAyabhUta hote haiN| muniyoM ko AhAra lAkara denA, rugNAvasthA meM veyAvacca karanA yaha sahAyatA hai, kintu kSullaka hai| kintu jJAna dAna sarva meM zreSTha kahA gayA hai| kyoMki jJAna hone para vizeSa rUpa se jayaNA-yatanA (dayA) kre| heya-upAdeya padArthoM kA jJAna karake tadviSayaka AcaraNa kI zuddhatA karatA rhe| isa prakAra upAdhyAya sugati kA mArga prazasta karate haiN| jJAna ke abhAva meM saMyama pAlana na hone se durgati kA bhoga bana sakatA hai| ataH upAdhyAya durgati ke dvAra banda karake sadgati kA sarjana karate haiN| jJAnadAna karake mahAn upakAra karate haiN| upAdhyAya mada-mAyA-mAna kA tyAga karake sadaiva sAvadhAna haiM, jAgRta haiM, udyamazIla hai| (1) ve jAgRta haiM, upayogavAn evaM vivekavAn hai| pAtra kI yogyatA evaM . tatparatA dekhakara jJAnadAna karate haiN| (2) sAvadhAna haiM-sUtrArtha ke dAna meM kabhI thakAna kA anubhava nahIM krte| 1. paMcAdhyAyI uttarArddha 659-662

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(192) (3) udyamazIla haiM-sUtra viparyAsa tathA artha viparyAsa na ho jaaye| eka akSara athavA padArtha ke artha meM viparyAsa na ho jAve, ataH pUrNatayA udyamazIla evaM sAvadhAna rahate haiN| (4) sUtArtha kA dAna dene meM, jaise-taise paThana-pAThana meM tatpara nahIM hote| ve sarala bhAvoM se vyavasthita rIti se evaM sampUrNatayA par3hAte haiN| upAdhyAya pravAdI arthAt prakRSTa-utkRSTa vAdI rUpI hAthiyoM ko parAsta karane meM siMha ke sadRza haiN| unake samakSa anekAnta siddhAnta para racita vipula jinAgama kA jJAna aisA mahAna hai ki unake samakSa ekAntavAdI vAdiyoM kA jJAna zUdra-tuccha ho jAtA hai| kyoMki unake pAsa jinAgamoM kA jJAna sacoTa evaM saMgIna hai ki pravAdiyoM kI prarUpaNA kA khaNDana karate dera nahIM lgtii| aise prabhutvajJAnI, agAdhajJAnI, siddhajJAna vAle upAdhyAya haiN| upAdhyAya kSamA yukta, lobha se mukta, RjutA-mRdutA saMyukta haiM tathA satya zauca, akiMcana-aparigraha, tapa, saMyama Adi guNoM meM rakta haiM tathA samiti evaM sugupti meM gupta haiM-brahmacarya se ramaNIya haiN| upAdhyAya kA mukhya guNa vinaya hai| kyoMki vinayaguNa mokSa mArga ke lie bahuta upayogI hai| isake binA mokSamArga meM eka kadama bhI Age nahIM bar3hA jA sktaa| vAstava meM vinaya se hI mokSamArga kA prArambha hotA hai| vinaya ke binA uttama prakAra kI vidyA prApta nahIM hotii| isa vidyA-vijJAna ke binA mokSa kI prApti bhI nahIM hotii| choTe bar3e saba guNoM kA mUla vinaya hai| isa cauthe pada meM rahI huI AtmA vinayaguNa kA pAlana karatI hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI vinaya guNa kI zikSA detI hai| Atmika guNoM kI prApti meM aisA niyama hai ki jisa guNa kI AtmA hArdika icchA karatA hai aura use prApta karane ke lie sacce ataHkaraNa se prayAsa karatA hai, vaha guNa usameM pragaTa hue binA nahIM rhtaa| vinayaguNa yAni bAhya abhyaMtara sarva prakAra kI Rddhi-siddhiyoM kA utpatti sthAna / ___ jo ziSya ke hita kA upAya kA cintana karate haiM, ve upAdhyAya hai| AcAra kA upadeza karane se AcArya tathA anya ko svAdhyAya karAne se upAdhyAya hai| athavA artha pradAyaka AcArya hai tathA sUtra pradAyaka upAdhyAya hai| 1. vizeSAvazya. bhA. gA.3199-3200

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(193) upAdhyAya-vyutpattiparaka artha upAdhyAya pada kI niyuktiyA~ nimna prakAra se kI gaI hai(1) 'u' ti uvaogakaraNe, 'va' tti ya pAva parivajjaNe hoi| 'jha'tti ya jhANassa kae, 'u' ti ya osakkaNA kmme|| arthAt -u = upayoga karanA, va = pApa kA varjana karanA, jha = dhyAna karanA aura u karmoM ko dUra karanA arthAt uparayoga pUrvaka, pApoM kA nAza karate hue, dhyAnArUr3ha hokara karmoM ko dUra kare ve upAdhyAya kahalAte haiN| (2) athavA-'u' ti uvaogakaraNe, 'jha' tti ya jhANassa hoI niddeso| eeNa huMti 'ujjhA' eso anno vi pajjAo // arthAt u = upayoga karanA aura 'jjhA' arthAt dhyAna krnaa| isa prakAra 'ujjhA' arthAt upayogapUrvaka dhyAna karanA, yaha isakI anya paryAya hai| (3) athavA-upa-samIpamAgatyAdhIyate 'iG adhyayane iti vacanAt paThyate, iNa gatAviti vacanAdvA 'adhi' Adhikyena gamyate, ik smaraNe iti vacanAdvA smaryate sUtrato jinavacanaM yebhyaH te upAdhyAyaH-upAdhyAya pada meM tIna zabda hai-upa + adhi + ii| upa = samIpa, adhi = Adhikya, evaM 'i' dhAtu ke tIna artha hote haiM-1. adhyayana karanA 2. jAnA (jAnanA) evaM smaraNa karanA arthAt jinake pAsa jAkara sUtra se jinavacanoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAye, adhikatA se jJAna prApta kiyA jAye tathA smaraNa kiyA jAya-ve upAdhyAya haiN| (4) athavA upAdhAnamapAdhiH-saMnidhiH tena upAdhinA upAdhau vA Ayo lAbhaH zrutasya yessaam| upAdhInAM vA vizeSaNAnAM prakramAcchomanAnAmAyo lAbha yebhyH| athavA upAdhireva saMnidhireva Ayam-iSTa phalaM daivajanitatvena AyAnAmiSTaphalAnAM samUhastadekahetutvAd yessaam| upAdhi yAni 'saMnidhi' jinakI saMnidhi se arthAt jinake sAnidhya meM rahane se zrutajJAna kA 'Aya' arthAt lAbha hotA to vaha upAdhyAya hai| (5) athavA'dhInAM manaH pIDAnAmAyo lAbha AdhyAyaH, adhiyAM vA, natraH kutsArthatvAt kubuddhInAmAyodhyAyaH, 'dhyai cintAyAm' ityasya dhAtoH prayogAnnabaH kutsArthatvAdeva ca durvyAnaM vA adhyAyaH upahata adhyAyo adhyAyo vA yaiste upAdhyAyAH' arthAt 'Adhi'- mana kI pIDA usakA Aya-lAbha vaha aadhyaay| 1. (Ava. ni. gA. 1003) 2. (vahI gA. 1002) 3. (bhagavatI sUtra maMgalAcaraNa bhAga-1) 4. (bhagavatI sUtra maMgalAcaraNa bhAga-1) 5. (bhagavatI sUtra, maMgalAcaraNa bhAga-1, Ava. ni. gA. 1001,2, 3)

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(194) athavA 'adhi' yAni kubuddhi kI Aya-lAbha vaha aadhyaay| athavA adhyAya yAni durdhyaan| yaha 'AdhyAya' tathA 'adhyAya' ko jisane upahata kiyA hai athavA hanana kiyA hai vaha upAdhyAya kahalAte hai| (6) athavA upAdherAyo yebhyaste upAdhyAya :-jinake dvArA upAdhi (zubha vizeSaNAdi yukta padavI) kI prApti hotI hai, ve upAdhyAya haiN| (7) athavA upahanyate AdhermAnasyA vyathAyA AyaH prAptiyaiste upaadhyaayaaH| yadvA upahanyate adhiyaH kubuddherAyaH prAptiryaiste upAdhyAyAH yadvA upahanyate adhyAyo durdhyAnaM yaiste upAdhyAyAH2 arthAt jinake dvArA mAnasika pIr3A, kubuddhi aura durdhyAna kA nAza hotA hai| isa prakAra uparyukta niyuktiyoM vyutpattiyoM se upAdhyAya pada kA artha yaha nikalatA hai ki jinake samIpa meM ziSyAdi dvAdazAMga sUtra-zAstroM kA adhyayana kare, svAdhyAya karaNa meM upayukta, pApa kA parivarjana karane vAle, dhyAna ke upayoga meM tallIna, karma kA vinAza karane meM udyamI, nirantara jinAjJA ke pratipAlaka agaNya guNoM se vibhUSita upAdhyAya hote haiN| upAdhyAya ke paryAya upAdhyAya parameSThI kI anya paryAyeM haiM-vAcaka, pAThaka, adhyApaka, zrutavRddha, zikSaka, sthavira, apramAdI, sadA nirviSAdI, advayAnaMdI upAdhyAya ke prakAra vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM upAdhyAya ke cAra prakAra varNita hai - 1. nAma upAdhyAya 2. sthApanA upAdhyAya 3. dravya upAdhyAya 4. bhAva upaadhyaay| 1. nAma upAdhyAya-jisakA nAma hI upAdhyAya ho, vaha nAma upAdhyAya hai| 2. sthApanA upAdhyAya-upAdhyAya ke AkAra ko kisI vastu meM sthApita kiyA gayA ho, vaha sthApanA upaadhyaay| 3. dravya upAdhyAya-laukika zilpAdi kA upadeza karane vAle tathA svadharma kA upadeza karane vAle anya darzanI aura tadvyatirikta dravya upAdhyAya kahalAte haiN| 1. (namaskAra mahAmaMtra pR. 10) 2. (vahI.) 3. namaskAra mahAmaMtra-muni zrI bhadraMkara vijayajI ma. sA. pR. 187 4. vizeSA. bhASya bhAga-2 gA. 3196-297

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(195) 4. bhAva upAdhyAya-dvAdazAMga rUpa svAdhyAya jo ki jinezvara bhagavAna dvArA kathita hai aura gaNadharoM ne paramparA se upadeza kiyA hai| unakA svAdhyAya kA ziSyoM ko sUtra se upadeza dete haiM, ve bhAva upAdhyAya haiN| upAdhyAya ke guNa ___ upAdhyAya meM 25 guNoM kA honA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ye paccIsa guNa haiM-11 aMga evaM 14 pUrva ke jJAtA arthAt ina 11 aMga aura 14 pUrva ke paThana-pAThana guNa se saMyukta hoM, ve upAdhyAya hai| 11 + 14 = 25 gunn| aMga evaM pUrva kA vivecana Agama ke sandarbha meM kiyA jaaegaa| ina paccIsa sUtra ke jJAtA rUpa guNa ke dhAraka upAdhyAya parameSThI haiN| anyatra anya rIti se bhI ina paccIsa guNoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| 12 aMga, 13 karaNa sittarI guNa yukta 14 caraNa sittarI guNa yukta, 15-22 ATha prabhAvanA karane vAle tathA 23-25 mana, vacana kAyA kA praNidhAna karane vAle isa prakAra 12 +2+3 = 25 ina paccIsa guNoM ke dhAraka upAdhyAya haiN|' 12 aMga__ pUrvokta 11 aMgoM ke atirikta bArahavA~ dRSTivAda aMga hai, jisakA ki viccheda ho jAne se aMgoM kI saMkhyA 11 mAnI jAne lgii| yahA~ bArahaveM aMga ko bhI sammilita kara diyA hai| karaNasittarI-karaNa se tAtparya hai kriyaa| avasarAnukUla kriyA kare vaha karaNa hai| karaNa ke 70 bola hone ke kAraNa sittarI kahA jAtA hai| 4 piMDavizuddhi-AhAra, vastra pAtra aura sthAna ina cAroM ko nirdoSa grahaNa kareM vaha piNddvishuddhi| (5) pA~ca samiti-IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAnabhaNDamattanikSepaNA, uccAra prasravaNAdi pratiSThApanikA samiti kA paaln| 12 bhAvanA-anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, lokasaMsthAna, bodhibIja, dharmabhAvanA 12 pratimA-bhikSu kI kAyakleza tapa yukta pratimA 1. cAritra prakAza 115

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(196) 5. iMdriyanigraha-pA~coM indriyoM para nigraha (saMyama-kAbU) rakhanA 25 pratilekhanA-vastra ke tIna vibhAga karake pratyeka vibhAga ko Upara nIce, madhya meM dRSTi se dekhe, 3x3 = 9 prakAra, vastra kI dUsarI tarapha 9 bAra = 9+9 = 18 prakAra, zaMkA rahe to Age ke tIna pIche evaM 1 zuddha upayoga rakhanA, isa prakAra 25 prakAra kI pratilekhanA 3. gupti-mana gupti, vacana gupti, kAya gupti 4. abhigraha-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se cAra prakAra kA abhigrh| isa prakAra karaNa sittarI ke dhAraka upAdhyAya haiN| caraNasitarI caraNa = cAritra ke 70 bheda haiN| 5 mahAvrata, 10 prakAra kA zramaNadharma, 17 prakAra kA saMyama, 10 prakAra kA vaiyAvRtya, 9 brahmacarya kI gupti, tIna jJAnAdiratna, 12 prakAra kA tapa, 4 kaSAya kA nigraha ye 70 caraNasitarI ke bheda haiN| 5 mahAvrata = prANAtipAta viramaNa, mRSAvAda viramaNa, adattAdAna viramaNa, maithuna viramaNa 5. parigraha virmnn| 10 zramaNadharma-kSamA, mukti (nirlobhatA), Arjava (saralatA), mArdava (namratA) lAghava (laghutA), satya, saMyama, tapa, jJAna aura brhmcry| 17 prakAra kA saMyama-paMca Asrava se nivRtti (hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithuna, parigraha) paMca indriya saMyama, (vaza kare),4 kaSAya kA nigraha 3 tIna daNDa se mukta = 17 prakAra kA saMyama, athavA pRthvI, apa, tejas, vAyu aura vanaspatikAya, beiMdriya, teindriya, cauriMdriya, paMceMdriya, ajIvakAya, prekSA, upekSA, pramArjanA, pratiSThApanikA, mana, vacana aura kAyA kA sNym| isa prakAra 17 prakAra kA saMyama kreN| 10 prakAra kA vaiyAvRtya (sevA)-AcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, navadIkSita, glAna (rogI), sthavira, svadharmI, kula, gaNa, saMgha ina dasa kA vaiyAvRtya kreN| 9. brahmacarya kI vADa kA pAlana 3. jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ratna isa prakAra ina 70 bhedoM kA pAlana upAdhyAya pravara karate haiN|

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(197) ATha prabhAvanAe~ pravacanasAroddhAra' meM upAdhyAya ke prabala prabhAva ko vyakta karane vAlI ATha prabhAvanAe~ nirdezita haiM__ 1. prAvacanI-jaina tathA jainetara AgamoM kA marmajJa vidvAna honaa| anya matAvalambI satra aura zAstroM ke jJAtA, sarva zAstroM meM pravINa hone para hI sarva ko yogya jJAna dekara dharma kI prabhAvanA kara sakate haiN| 2. dharmakathI-dharmakathA karane meM kuzala honaa| dharmakathA cAra prakAra kI hai1. AkSepaNI 2. vikSepaNI 3. saMvedanI 4. nirvednii| AkSepaNI-arthAt zrotA jise hRdayastha va AtmasAta kara le| vikSepaNI-sanmArga chor3akara unmArgagAmI ko punaH sanmArga para sthira kre| sanmArga para sthApita kara dRr3ha kare vaha vikSepaNI kthaa| saMveganI-jisa ko sunakara hRdaya meM vairAgya prasphuTita ho, vaha saMveganI kthaa| . nirvedanI-jise sunane para saMsAra se udAsInatA A jAve, evaM saMyama lene ko Atura ho jAve vaha nirvedanI kthaa| isa prakAra dharmakathA meM pravINa hokara prabhAvanA kre| 3. vAdI-svapakSa ke maNDana parapakSa ke khaNDana meM siddhahasta ho| zAstroM kA pramANa darzAkara vAdI-prativAdI ke khare-khoTe pakSa kA svarUpa batAkara svamata kI sthApanA karake prabhAvanA kre| ___4. naimittika-bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna meM hone vAle hAni-lAbha ke jnyaataa| zAstroM meM bhUgola, khagola, nimitta, jyotiSa Adi jo jo vidyA haiM, usameM pAraMgata honaa| Apatti ke samaya sAvadhAna hokara prabhAvanA kreN| ___5. tapasvI-vividha prakAra ke tapa meM nipuNa yathAzakti duSkara, kaThina tapazcaryA karake prabhAvanA kre| 6.vidyAvAn-rohiNI, prajJapti, adRSTa, parazarIra pravezinI, gaganagAminI Adi vidyAoM, maMtrazakti, guTikA, rasasiddhi ityAdi aneka vidyAoM meM pravINa ho| . 7. siddha-aMjana, pAdalepa Adi vividha prakAra kI siddhiyoM ke jJAtA ho| 1. pravacana sAro. dvAra 148 gA. 834

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(198) 8. kavi-gadya, padya, kathya, geya ina cAra prakAra ke kAvyoM ke rcyitaa| aneka prakAra ke chaMda, kavitA, DhAla, jor3a, stavana Adi uttama kAvyoM kA nirmANa karake, usameM anubhava rasa dvArA bharapUra gUDhArtha saMmizraNa karake, AtmajJAna kI zakti vikasita karake, dharma kI prabhAvanA kreN| isa prakAra ye upAdhyAya ke prabala prabhAva, tejasvitA ko udIpta karane vAlIATha prabhAvanAe~ haiN| ina paccIsa guNoM ke dhAraka upAdhyAya haiN| athavA-11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 2 karaNa sittarI va caraNa sittarI', isa prakAra 11 + 12 + 2 = 25 guNoM ke dhAraka upAdhyAya haiN| upAdhyAya kI anya vizeSatAe~ gaNi-gaccha-saMdhAraNe sthaMbhabhUtA' upAdhyAya staMbharUpa haiM, kisase? to kathana hai ki ve gaNi arthAt AcArya aura gaccha (samudAya) ko samyak rUpa se dhAraNa karane meM staMbha svarUpa haiN| AcArya bhI staMbharUpa haiM, ve samagra zAsana kI ImArata ke staMbha hai| unake sudRr3ha skaMdhoM para tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ke zAsana kA uttaradAyitva hai| phalasvarUpa zAsana avicchinna rUpa se calatA hai| isa artha meM AcArya saMgha ke netA haiM, unakI AjJA meM saMgha kA saMcAlana hotA hai| isI se gaccha ke lie bhI staMbha samAna haiM, kyoMki gaccha ko upAdhyAya ke pAsa se zAstrAdhyayana mile taba hI svAdhyAya, jJAna, dhyAna kara sakate haiN| anyathA adhyayana ke abhAva meM svAdhyAya kaise ho? sAdhu ke jIvana meM bhI yadi svAdhyAya kA jora na ho to unake jIvana meM mAnasika vicAroM kA jhaMjhAvAta cala par3egA, jisase rAgadveSa, asamAdhi, ArtadhyAna Adi kA poSaNa hotA rhegaa| jo ki jAlima karmabaMdha evaM durgAtiyoM meM bhaTakAne vAlA bana jaavegaa| upAdhyAya gaccha ko svAdhyAya evaM jJAna dekara bhayaMkara durdazA evaM durgati-patana se saMrakSaNa karate haiM, bacA lete haiN| isa prakAra ve gaccha ke lie eka jabaradasta staMbha samAna banate haiN| gaccha ko staMbha ke samAna bhalI-bhAMti sAdhutA meM sthira kara dete haiN| 1. jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha bhAga 6 pR. 216 2. navapadapUjA cauthA upAdhyAya pada

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(199) pAhaNa ne pallava ANe upAdhyAya mUrkha ziSyoM ko bhI vidyA ke svAmI banAne meM rata evaM prayatnazIla hote haiM / isa prakriyA meM unake lie upamA dI gaI hai ki ve pASANa-patthara para pallava-aMkura ugAne kA kArya karate haiN| patthara para aMkura ugAnA atyanta duSkara kArya hai, tadbhAMti upAdhyAya pravara kA yaha jJAna-dAna kArya atyanta duSkara hai| unameM (1) svAdhyAya-magnatA (2) sUtrArthadAna-pravINatA (3) sUtrArtha-vicAra rasikatA, hone se ve jagatpUjya banate haiN| bAvanA candana rasa sama vayaNe ahita tApa savi TAle jIvoM ke samasta ahita aura samasta tApa ko upAdhyAya bAvanA candana ke rasa sadRza vacana se zamana karate haiN| bAvanA candana ke rasa kI eka bUMda yadi tapta lohe ke gole para par3e to vaha lohA ekadama zItala ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra upAdhyAya ke mukharita vacanoM se AtmA kI garamI zAMta ho jAtI hai arthAt AtmA ke ahita kI, akalyANa kI jo garamI hai, tApa hai vaha zamana ho jAtI hai| upAdhyAya bhagavaMta ke mukha se sUtrArtha-Agama ke vacanoM kA pAna karake zrotA AtmA ke hita-ahita kA jJAtA banatA hai| rAgadveSa Adi kaSAya ke durdhyAna se tathA asad vikalpoM ke tApa se janya AkulatA-vyAkulatA upAdhyAya pravara ke vacana se zAMta ho jAte haiN| upAdhyAya-sUtra siddhAntoM ke pAThaka jaina saMgha meM AcArya ke pazcAt dUsarA sthAna upAdhyAya kA hai| samasta zrutajJAna kA adhikArI, saMyama-yoga se alaMkRta, sUtra aura artha donoM kA samyagjJAtA, AcArya pada bhI yogyatA kA dhAraka sAdhaka upAdhyAya pada ke yogya hotA hai| vaha zramaNoM ko sUtra kI vAcanA dete haiN| sUtra-artha ke jJAtA-darzanacAritra kI sAdhanA meM tatpara ziSyoM ko zrutasampanna banAne meM kuzala upAdhyAya hote haiN| AcArya bhadrabAhU ne Avazyaka niyukti meM ullekha kiyA hai ki jina bhagavAna dvArA prarUpita bAraha aMgoM kA jo upadeza karate haiM, ve upAdhyAya hai| AcArya haribhadra kA kathana hai ki jinake pAsa zramaNa sUtroM kA adhyayana karate 1. vyavahArabhASya pR. 134 2. Ava. ni. gA. 997 3. upetya adhIyatesmAt sAdhavA sUtramityupAdhyAyaH Ava. hAribhadrIyAvRtti pR. 883

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(200) haiM, ve upAdhyAya haiN| AcArya zIlAMka ne AcAraMgavRtti' meM upAdhyAya ko adhyApaka kahA hai| isI kA kathana bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayAvRtti' meM kiyA hai ki jJAna-darzana-cAritra rUpa ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA meM svayaM nipuNa hokara dUsaroM ko AgamoM kA adhyayana karAne vAle upAdhyAya hai| jo ki zrutasAgara ke avagAhana meM sadA upayogapUrvaka dhyAna karate haiN| spaSTa hai ki upAdhyAya sUtroM ke pAThoM kA uccAraNa bahuta hI zuddhatApUrvaka, spaSTatA ke sAtha karate haiN| spaSTa hotA hai ki AcArya kI bhAMti upAdhyAya kA bhI jaina paramparA meM anUThA sthAna hotA hai| yadyapi unakI kakSA AcArya ke tulya hotI hai| AcArya kI anupasthiti meM saMgha kA dAyitva bhI ve vahana karate haiM / tathApi unakA kArya mukhyataH sUtra siddhAntoM kA pATha denA hai| ve jJAna dAna meM agraNI hai| ataH unako pAThaka kahA gayA hai| paraMparA ke pravahaNa meM unake sadRza anya koI nahIM hai| saMghIya vyavasthA kI dRSTi se upAdhyAya pada AcArya ke pazcAtvartI hai| parantu jo gaurava AcArya ko diyA jAtA hai, usI gaurava ko upAdhyAya bhI prApta karate haiN| jaise AcArya kA upAzraya meM praveza karane para caraNa parimArjana kA ullekha hai vaise hI upAdhyAya kA bhI hai| isa prakAra jJAna-vijJAna kA vistAra karane vAle upAdhyAya kA mAhAtmya atyadhika hai| ve jJAna ke adhidevatA hai| upAdhyAya saMgharUpI nandavana ke kuzalamAlI hai, jo jJAnarUpI vRkSa ko zasya zyAmala banAe rakhate haiN| jJAna vRkSa kI zuddhatA-nirdoSatA aura vikAsa kA pUrNa lakSya rakhane meM tathA Agama pATha ko surakSita rakhane meM upAdhyAya pravara kA apUrva yogadAna hai| isa artha meM ve sUtra siddhAntoM ke pAThaka haiN| jaina paramparA meM ina sUtroM evaM siddhAntoM ko Agama kahA jAtA hai| jaina sAhitya meM Agama kA artha kyA hai? Agama kise kahA jAya? tathA inakI saMkhyA kitanI hai? saMkSepa meM isake svarUpa kA kathana kiyA jaaegaa| 1. upAdhyAya adhyApaka:- AcA. zIlAMka vRtti sUtra 279 2. ratnatrayeSudyatA jinAgamArtha samyagupadizaMti ye te upAdhyAyaH / bhaga. ArA. vi. TIkA 46 3. vahI

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(201) sUtra-siddhAnta (Agama) jisa prakAra hindu paramparA meM zAstroM ko 'veda', bauddha zAstroM ko 'piTaka' kahA jAtA hai| usI prakAra jaina zAstroM ko 'zruta', 'sUtra', yA Agama kahA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM Agama zabda kA prayoga vizeSa pracalita hai, kintu prAcInakAla meM zruta kA prayoga adhika hotA thaa| zrutakevalI, zrutasthavira, zabdoM kA prayoga AgamoM meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai, kintu kisI bhI sthAna para Agama kevalI yA Agama sthavira dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana Agama, Aptavacana, aitihya, AmnAya, jinavacana aura zruta ye sabhI Agama ke paryAyavAcI nAma haiN| Agama zabda kI paribhASA anekazaH upalabdha hotI hai| jisase vastuttva (padArtha) kA paripUrNa jJAna ho, vaha Agama haiN| athavA 'jisase padArthoM kA paripUrNatA ke sAtha maryAditajJAna ho vaha Agama hai| anyatra kahA hai 'jo tattva AcAra paramparA se vAsita hokara jAtA hai vaha Agama hai| sAtha hI 'Apta vacana se utpanna artha (padArtha) jJAna Agama kahA jAtA hai| upacAra se Apta vacana bhI Agama kahA jAtA hai| 'Apta kA kathana Agama hai| jise sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna upalabdha hotA hai vaha zAstra Agama yA zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| isa Aptavacana yA Apta anusyUta vANI Agama saMjJA se abhihita kI gaI hai| yaha Agama samasta zruta-zAstroM kA paricAyaka hai| Apta kauna? jina Apta puruSa ke vacana Agama yA zruta kahalAte haiM, ve Apta kauna hai? tAtparya yaha hai ki Apta kise kahA jAya? 1. naMdI sUtra 149 2. sthAnAMga 150 3. anuyogadvAra 4, vizeSAva. bhA. 8.197 4. tattvArthabhASya 1-20 5. ratnAkarAvatArikA vRtti * 6. Ava. malayagirivRtti 89-90, naMdIsUtra vRtti 40-41 7. siddhasenagaNi kRta bhASyAnusAriNI TIkA pR. 87 8. syAdvAda maMjarI 38 gA. TIkA. 9. AptopadezaH zabdaH- nyAyasUtra 1.1.7. 10. vizeSA. bhA. 559

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(202) jinhoMne rAgadveSa ko jIta liyA hai, vaha jina, tIrthaMkara, sarvajJa, bhagavAn, Apta haiM aura unakA upadeza evaM vANI Agama haiN| (unameM vaktA ke sAkSAt darzana evaM vItarAgatA ke kAraNa doSa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI aura na pUrvApara virodha tathA yukti-bAdha hotA hai| ___ Avazyaka niyukti meM kathana hai ki 'tapa-niyama-jJAna rUpa vRkSa ke Upara ArUDha hokara anantajJAnI kevalI bhagavAna bhavyAtmAoM ke vibodha ke lie jJAnakusumoM kI vRSTi karate haiN| gaNadhara apane buddhi paTa meM una sakala kusumoM ko jhelakara pravacanamAlA gUMthate haiN| ___ isa prakAra tIrthaGkara kevala artharUpa meM upadeza dete haiM aura gaNadhara use granthabaddha yA sUtrabaddha karate haiN| isa prakAra gaNadhara dvAdazAMgI kI racanA karate haiN| aMgabAhya AgamoM kI racanA sthavira, pratyeka buddhAdi karate haiN| isa prakAra jina AgamoM kA nirmANa karate haiM ve aMgapraviSTha tathA anya, atirikta, zeSa sabhI racanAe~ aMgabAhya haiM / aMgapraviSTha tathA aMgabAhya ke atirikta pUrva zruta' kI racanA dvAdazAMgI se bhI pUrva kI gaI hai| caudaha pUrva ___ jaina vAGmaya meM jJAniyoM kI do prakAra kI paramparAe~ prApta hotI hai| 1. pUrvadhara 2. dvAdazAMga vettaa| pUrvo meM samagra zruta yA pariNeya samagra jJAna kA samAveza mAnA gayA hai| jaina AgamoM kA prAcInatama vargIkaraNa samavAyAMga meM milatA hai| usameM bhI Agama sAhitya kA pUrva aura aMga ke rUpa meM vibhAjana kiyA hai| pUrva saMkhyA kI dRSTi se caudaha the aura aMga baarh| AcArya abhayadevasUri ke anusAra dvAdazAMgI se prathama 'pUrva' sAhitya nirmita kiyA gayA thaa| isI se usakA nAma 'pUrva' rakhA gyaa| kintu kucha cintaka ise pArzvanAtha tIrthaGkara kI zrutarAzi mAnya karate haiN| isa prakAra zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrvavartI hone ke kAraNa yaha 'pUrva' kahA gyaa| ataH yahA~ itanA to spaSTayA kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'pUrvo' kI racanA dvAdazAMgI se pahale huI hai| 1. anuyogadvAra sUtra 42., naMdI 40-41, bRhatkalpabhASya gA. 88 2. Ava. ni. gA.89-190 3. Ava. ni. gA. 192. vizeSA. bhA. 550, dhavalA bhAga 1.9.64,72 4. vizeSAbhA. 550, tattvArtha bhA. 1.20, mUlAcAra 5.80, jayadhavalA pR. 153 5. Ava. malaya. vRtti patra 486.savAyAGga 14 samavAya 7. samavAyAMga-samavAya 136 8. samavA. vRtti, patra 101, naMdIsUtra (vijayadAnasUri saMzodhita cUrNI pR. 1 11 a) 9. naMdI malaya, vRtti. pR. 240, SaDsaMDAgama. pra. 1 pR. 114

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(203) vartamAna meM pUrva dvAdazAMgI se pRthak nahIM mAnya kiye jaate| dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga kA hI eka vibhAga pUrva haiN| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne bhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se kathana kiyA hai ki "dRSTivAda meM samasta zabda jJAna kA avatAra ho jAtA hai tathApi gyAraha aMgoM kI racanA alpa meghAvI puruSa aura striyoM ke lie kI gii| pUrvo kA adhyayana pratibhA sampanna karate the tathA aMgoM kA adhyayana tejasvitA kama ho ve karate the|" __ pUrvo ke antargata vipula sAhitya hai| usake antarvartI caudaha pUrva haiMcaudahapUrva 1. utpAda pUrva-samagra dravyoM aura paryAyoM ke utpAda yA utpatti ko adhikRta kara isameM vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| isakA parimANa eka karor3a hai| 2. agrAyaNIya pUrva-agra tathA ayana zabdoM ke mela se agrAyaNIya zabda niSpanna huA hai| agra kA artha parimANa aura ayana kA artha gamana-pariccheda yA vizadIkaraNa hai| arthAt isa pUrva meM saba dravyoM, saba paryAyoM aura saba jIvoM ke parimANa kA varNana hai| pada-parimANa chiyAnaveM lAkha hai| 3. vIryapravAda pUrva-sakarma aura akarma jIvoM ke vIrya (parAkrama, sAmarthya, antaraMga zakti) kA vivecana hai| pada-parimANa sattara lAkha hai| 4. asti-nAstipravAda pUrva-loka meM dharmAstikAya Adi jo haiM aura kharaviSANaAdi jo nahIM hai, unakA isameM vivecana hai athavA sabhI vastue~ svarUpa kI apekSA se haiM tathA para rUpa kI apekSA se nahIM hai, yaha vivecana hai| pada parimANa sATha lAkha hai| 5. jJAnapravAda pUrva-mati Adi pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna kA vistAra-pUrvaka vizleSaNa hai| pada parimANa eka kama eka karor3a hai| 6. satyapravAda pUrva-satya kA artha saMyama kA vacana hai| usakA vistArapUrvaka sUkSmatA se vivecana hai| pada parimANa chaH adhika eka karor3a hai| 7. AtmapravAda-AtmA yA jIva kA naya bheda se aneka prakAra se varNana hai| pada parimANa chabbIsa karor3a hai| 1. vizeSA bhA. gA. 554 2. bhagavatI 11.11.432, 2.1.9, 17.2.617, aMtagaDa 3 varga adhya. 1,9,6 varga adhya. 15, varga 8, adhya 1, jJAtA adhya 12, 2.1 3. jainAgama digdarzana pR. 22

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(204) 8. karmapravAda pUrva-jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA prakRti sthiti, anubhAga, pradeza Adi bhedoM kI dRSTi se vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| padaparimANa eka karor3a chiyAsI hajAra hai| 9. pratyAkhyAna pUrva-bheda-prabheda sahita pratyAkhyAna-tyAga kA vivecana hai| pada-parimANa caurAsI lAkha hai| 10. vidyAnupravAda pUrva-aneka atizaya-camatkAra-yukta vidyAoM kA, unake anurUpa sAdhanoM kA tathA siddhiyoM kA varNana hai| pada-parimANa eka karor3a dasa lAkha hai| ___11. avandhya pUrva-vandhya zabda kA artha niSphala hotA hai| niSphala na honA avandhya hai| isameM niSphala na jAne vAle zubha-phalAtmaka jJAna, tapa, saMyama Adi kA tathA azubha phalAtmaka pramAda Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| pada-parimANa chabbIsa karor3a hai| 12. prANAyu-pravAda pUrva-prANa arthAt pA~ca indriya, mAnasa Adi tIna bala, ucchavAsa-niHzvAsa tathA Ayu kA bheda prabheda sahita vizleSaNa hai| pada-parimANa eka karor3a chappana lAkha hai| 13. kriyA pravAda pUrva-kAyika Adi kriyAoM kA, saMyamAtmaka kriyAoM kA tathA svacchanda kriyAoM kA vizAla, vipula vivecana hai| pada-parimANa nau karor3a hai| ___ 14. loka bindu pUrva-loka meM yA zruta loka meM akSara ke Upara lage bindu kI taraha jo sarvottama tathA sarvAkSara-sannipAta labdhi hai, usa jJAna kA varNana hai| pada-parimANa sAr3he bAraha karor3a hai| aGga ___ jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM hI paramparAoM meM aGga' zabda vyavahata huA hai| jaina paramparA meM usakA prayoga mukhya Agama grantha 'gaNipiTaka' ke artha meM huA hai| Agama granthoM meM 'duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage' aisA ullekha prApta hotA hai| athavA AcAra prabhRti Agama zruta puruSa ke aMgasthAnIya hone se bhI aMga kahalAte haiN| 1. samavAyAMga-136 samavAya, prakIrNaka samavAya 88 2. mUlArAdhanA-4.599 vijayodayA

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(205) vaidika paramparA meM yaha aMga zabda veda ke artha meM prayukta nahIM huA kintu veda ke adhyayana meM jo sahAyaka grantha haiM, unako aMga kahA gyaa| ye aMga chaH hai-1. zikSA, 2. kalpa, 3. vyAkaraNa, 4. nirukta 5. chanda 6. jyotiss|' ___ bauddha sAhitya ke mUla grantha tripiTaka hai| unake lie aMga zabda kA prayoga na hokara buddha ke vacanoM ko navAMga aura dvAdazAMga kahA gayA hai| ye navAMga isa prakAra haiM-1. sutta 2. geya 3. vaiyAkaraNa 4. gAthA 5. udAna 6. itivuttaka 7. jAtaka 8. abbhutadhamma 9. vedll| dvAdazAMga isa prakAra hai-1. sUtra 2. geya 3. vyAkaraNa 4. gAthA 5. udAna 6. avadAna 7. itivRttaka 8. nidAna 9. vaipulya 10. jAtaka 11 upadeza dharma 12 adbhuta dharma jaina paramparA meM dvAdazAMga gaNipaTaka isa prakAra haiM 1. AcAra 2. sUtrakRt 3. sthAna 4. samavAya 5. bhagavatI 6. jJAtAdharma kathA 7. upAsaka dazA 8. antakRtadazA 9. anuttaraupapAtika 10. praznavyAkaraNa 11. vipAka 12. dRssttivaad| ye bAraha aMga hai| samavAyAMga aura anuyogadvAra meM to kevala dvAdazAMgI kA hI nirupaNa kiyA gayA hai, kintu naMdIsUtra meM aMgapraviSTa, aMgabAhya ina bhedoM ke sAtha aMgabAhya ke Avazyaka, Avazyaka vyatirikta, kAlika aura utkAlika rUpa meM Agama kI sampUrNa zAkhAoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| aMgra praviSTa aura aMgabAhya devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne AgamoM ko de bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA 1. aMga praviSTa 2. aMga baahy| aMga praviSTa zruta ke tIna hetu batAe gaye haiM___ 1. jo gaNadharoM ke dvArA sUtra rUpa se banAyA hotA hai| 2. jo gaNadhara ke dvArA prazna karane para tIrthaGkara ke dvArA pratipAdita hotA hai| 3. jo zAzvata satyoM se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa dhruva evaM sudIrghakAlIna hotA hai| 1. pANinIyazikSA 41-12 2. abhisamayAlaMkAra TIkA pR. 3 3. naMdIsUtra 56 4. vizeSAvazyaka bhA. 552

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(206) samavAyAMga' evaM naMdIsUtra meM usakA spaSTa ullekha hai ki 'dvAdazAMgabhUta gaNipiTaka kabhI nahIM thA, aisA nahIM hai, kabhI nahIM hai aura kabhI nahIM hogA, yaha bhI nhiiN| vaha thA, hai aura hogaa| vaha dhruva hai, niyata hai, zAzvata hai, akSaya hai, avyaya hai, avasthita hai nitya hai|' aMgabAhya zruta vaha hotA hai1. jo sthavira kRta hotA hai 2. jo binA prazna kiye tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita hotA hai| vaktA ke bheda kI dRSTi se bhI aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ye do bheda kiye gaye hai| jina Agama ke mUlavaktA tIrthaMkara ho aura saMkalanakartA gaNadhara hoM, vaha aMgapraviSTa hai| pUjyapAda ne vaktA ke tIna prakAra batAe haiM-(1) tIrthaMkara (2) zrutakevalI (3) aaraatiiy| AcArya akalaMka ne kahA haiM ki ArAtIya AcAryoM ke dvArA nirmita Agama aMga pratipAdita artha ke nikaTa yA anukUla hone ke kAraNa aMgabAhya kahalAte haiN| AcArya jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM aMga arthAt aMgapraviSTa tathA anaMga arthAt aMgabAhya kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai"gaNadharakRta va sthavirakRta, AdezasRSTa (arthAta tIrthaGkara prarUpita tripadI janita) va unmukta vyAkaraNa prasUta (arthAt vizleSaNa-pratipAdanajanita) dhruva, niyata va cala-aniyata, ina dvividha vizeSatAoM se yukta vAGmaya aMgapraviSTa tathA aMgabAhya nAma se abhir3ita hai|" isase tAtparya yaha hai ki gaNadharakRta, Adezajanita tathA dhruva; ye vizeSaNa aMgapraviSTa se sambaddha haiM, tathA sthavirakRta, unmukta vyAkaraNa prasUta aura cala ye vizeSaNa aMgabAhya ke lie haiN| __ aMgabAhya zruta do prakAra kA hai- (1) sAmAyika Adi chaH prakAra kA Avazyaka (2) tdvytirikt| Avazyaka-vyatirikta zruta bhI do prakArakA hai(1) kAlika (2) utkaalik| 1. samavAyAMga sama. 148 2. naMdIsUtra 57 3. tattvArthabhASya 1.20 4. sarvArtha siddhi 1.20 5. rajavArtika 1.20 6. vizeSAvazyakabhA. gA. 550 7. naMdIsUtra 57

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(207) 1. kAlika-jo zruta rAta tathA divasa ke prathama prahara tathA aMtima prahara meM hI par3hA jAtA hai vaha kAlika zruta hai| 2. utkAlika-jo kAla velA ko varjita kara saba samaya meM par3hA jA sakatA hai, vaha utkAlika zruta hai: kAlavelA = sandhi smy| - ina sabhI AgamoM ko anuyogoM ke anusAra cAra bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - (1) caraNa-karaNAnuyoga-kAlika zruta, mahAkalpa, cheda sUtra Adi (2) dharmakathAnuyoga-RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana Adi (3) gaNitAnuyoga-sUryaprajJapti Adi (4) dravyAnuyoga-dRSTivAda Adi aMga Agama zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paMcama gaNadhara sudharmA svAmI ne jo dvAdazAMgI racI, usake gyAraha aMga hI zeSa rahe haiM, unako anulakSa karake kAlAntara meM sthaviroM evaM gItArtha AcAryoM dvArA anya AgamoM kI racanA kI gii| isa prakAra Aja 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUlasUtra, 6 chedasUtra, 10 prakIrNaka, 2 cUlikA rUpa paiMtAlIsa Agama svIkArya hai| ___ 11 upAMga-1. ovavAIya 2. rAyapaseNiya 3. jIvAbhigama 4. paNNavaNA 5. sUrapaNNatti 6. candapaNNatti 7. jaMbuddIvapaNNatti 8. nirayAvaliyA 9. kappavaDiMsiyA 10. pupphiyA 11. pupphacUliyA 12. vnnhidsaa| 4. mUla-1. Avassaya 2. uttarajjhayaNa 3. dasaveyAliya 4. ohanijjutti athavA piMDanijjutti athavA pkkhiysutt| 6. cheda-nisIha, kappa, vavahAra mahAnisIha, dasA, jItakalpa 10 prakIrNaka- 1. deviMdathaya 2. taMdulaveyAliya 3. gaNivijA 4.AurapaccakkhANa 5. mahApaccakkhANa 6 gacchAcAra 7. bhattapariNNA 8. maraNasamAhi 9. saMthAraga 10. cusrnn| 2. cUlikA-1. naMdI 2. aNuogadAra 1. Ava. niyukti 363-377, vizeSA. bhA. 2284-2295, dazavaikA. niyukti, 3. TIkA 2. pistAlIsa Agamo-kApaDiyA hIrAlAla pR. 2

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(208) ekAdaza aMga 1.AyAra(AcAra)-AyAra Agama ke aneka nAma haiM-veda, Akara, AzvAsa, Adarza, AcIrNa, AmokSa aadi| yaha Agama do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| jise 'zrutaskaMdha' kahA jAtA hai| usake peTAvibhAga ko adhyayana kahA jAtA hai| adhyayana meM uddezaka aura uddezaka meM sUtra haiN| prathama zrutaskaMdha kA nAma 'brahmacarya' aura dUsare kA nAma 'AcArAgra' hai| prathama zrutaskaMdha ke nau adhyayana hai| usakA sAtavA~ adhyayana kA viccheda ho gyaa| dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM pahale pA~ca cUlAe~ thIM kintu pA~cavIcUlA ne bAda meM pRthak sthAna le liyaa| ataH aba cAra cUlA ke kramazaH 7, 7, 1, 1 isa prakAra solaha adhyayana haiN| 2. sUyagaDa (sUtrakRta)-AcArAMga kI bhAMti isake bhI anya nAma haiM-sUtagaDa aura sUttakaDa aadi| isa aMga ke bhI do zrutataskaMdha haiN| pahale ke solaha aura dUsare ke sAta adhyayana haiN| prathama zrutaskaMdha ko 'gAthASoDazaka' kahate haiN| 3. ThANa (sthAna)-yaha Agama dasa vibhAga meM vibhakta hai| isa dasoM ko sthAna evaM adhyayana bhI kahate haiN| kitane sthAnoM meM uddezaka bhI haiN| ___4. samavAya-adhikAMzataH gadyAtmaka isa Agama kA nAma prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM meM hI 'samavAya' hai| ise 'samAya' bhI kahate haiN| ThANaM meM eka se dasa taka saMkhyAtmaka vivaraNa hai, to isa Agama meM saMkhyAvAle padArtha nirUpaNa se prArambha hokara hajAra, lAkha, karor3a, koTAkoTi, sAgaropama kI saMkhyAvAle padArthoM kA ullekha hai| 5. vivAha paNNatti (vyAkhyA prajJapti)-isa paMcama aMga ke prAkRta nAma ke saMskRta meM vividha samIkaraNa hai| jaise ki vivAhaprajJapti, vivAdha prajJapti aadi| bRhadkAya hone se evaM mahAn hone se ise bhagavatI bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa Agama meM 41 zataka haiM, jisameM uddezaka bhI haiN| sau se adhika adhyayana, 1000 uddezaka, 36000 vyAkaraNa (prazna) evaM 84000 pada isameM the| kintu Aja vaha dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| isa Agama meM praznottara ke mAdhyama se pratipAdya kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai, jisameM vividha viSayoM ko samAviSTa kiyA hai| 6. nAyAdhammakahA-(jJAtAdharmakathA)-'dharmakathA' nAma isa Agama meM do zrutaskaMdha hai| pahale kA nAma 'nAya' (jJAta) aura dUsare kA 'dhammakahA'-dharmakathA hai| pahale 1. pistAlIsa Agamo-pR. 5-20

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(209) zrutaskaMdha ke 19 adhyayana hai tathA dUsare meM 10 varga haiM, jisameM 216 adhyayana haiM / ise jJAtRdharmakathA bhI kahate haiN| ___7.uvAsagadasA (upAsakadazA)-dharmakathA anuyoga se vibhUSita isa Agama meM dasa adhyayana haiN| isameM 59 sUtra haiN| mahAvIra svAmI ke pramukha dasa zrAvakoM kA isameM vivecana hai| 8. aMtagaDadasA (aMtakRddazA)-yaha Agama ATha varga meM vibhakta hai| jisameM 92 uddezaka haiN| yahA~ uddezaka kA artha adhyayana hai| isameM antasamaya meM kevalajJAna prApta kara aMtarmuhUrta meM mokSa gae haiM, unake udAtta caritroM kA varNana hai| 9. aNuttarovavAIyadasA (anuttaraupapAtikadazA)-yaha Agama tIna varga meM vibhakta hai| isameM anukrama se dasa, teraha aura dasa isa prakAra 33 adhyayana haiN| 10. paNhAvAgaraNa (praznavyAkaraNa)-isa Agama meM do vibhAga hai| jise dvAra kahA gayA hai| pahale kA nAma 'AsravadvAra' aura dUsare kA nAma 'saMvaradvAra' hai| isameM pratyeka ke pA~ca-pA~ca adhyayana hai| ___11. vivAgasuya (vipAkazruta)-dharmakathA anuyoga se nirUpati isa Agama ke do zrutaskaMdha hai| pahale kA nAma 'duHkha-vipAka' aura dUsare kA sukha-vipAka hai| pratyeka vibhAga meM dasa-daza adhyayana hai| isa prakAra ye gyAraha aMga hai| bAraha upAMga 1. ovavAiya (aupapAtika) isa Agama ko uvavAiya aura ovAiya bhI kahA jAtA hai| AcAragata 'uvavAIya' ko lakSya karake isakI racanA huI hai, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha AcArAMga kA upAMga hai| gadya evaM padya meM isakI racanA hai| sU 1-37 jitane bhAga ko pUrvArddha aura zeSa bhAga ko uttarArddha ginA jAtA hai| isa Agama kA heta upapAta evaM mokSagamana hai| 2. rAyapaseNiya (rAjapraznIya) yaha Agama sUyagaDAMga sUtra ko lakSita karake likhA jAne se yaha sUyagaDa kA upAMga mAnA jAtA hai| rAyapaseNaIya, rAyappaseNaIya, rAyappaseNiya, rAyappaseNaIjja ye 1. pistAlIsa Agamo pR. 21-32

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(210) isake prAkRta nAmAMtara hai| rAjapresanakIya, rAjapresanajita aura rAjapraznakRta ye saMskRta nAmAMtara hai| yaha Agama gadya meM racita hai| 3.jIvAbhigama isa Agama ke saMskRta meM jIvAjIvAbhigama anya nAma bhI hai| isa Agama ke nava vibhAga hai, jinheM 'pratipatti' kahate haiN| tIsarI pratipatti ke do uddezaka haiN| 4.paNNavaNA (prajJApanA) samavAyAMga ke upAMga rUpa se jJAta isa upAMga meM chattIsa vibhAga haiM, jinheM pada kahA gayA hai| kitaneka padoM meM uddezya bhI hai| maMgalAcaraNa ke paMcama pada meM isa upAMga ko adhyayana kahakara isakA citra, zrutaratna aura dRSTivAda ke sAra rUpa meM nirdezita kiyA hai| yaha samasta upAMgoM meM vRddhakAya hai| bhagavatI kI bhAMti isakI zailI bhI praznottara rUpa se vivakSita hai| 5. sUrapaNNatti (sUryaprajJapti) ise 'sUriyapaNNatti' bhI kahA gayA hai| yaha vivAhapaNNatti arthAt bhagavatI kA upAMga hai| naMdIsUtra meM utkAlika ke rUpa meM tathA pAkSikasUtra meM kAlika ke rUpa ullikhita isa upAMga meM bIsa vibhAga haiM, jinheM prAbhRta kahA gayA hai| jo ki pUrva ke vibhAgoM ke nAma bhI hai| prAbhRta ke avAntara vibhAga ko prAbhRta aura prAbhRtaprAbhRta ke bhAga ko pratipatti kahA gayA hai| isameM gaNita-anuyoga kA nirUpaNa hai| 6. jaMbudvIvapaNNatti (jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti) nAyAdhammakahA aura matAntara se uvAsagadasA aMga kA yaha upAMga mAnA jAtA hai| isameM sAta vakSaskAra hai| isameM jaina bhUgola para vizeSa rUpa se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 7. candapaNNatti ise uvAsagadasA kA upAMga kahA gayA hai| isa upAMga kA viSaya bhI khagola hai| yaha sUrapaNNati se bahuta sAmya rakhatA hai| 8. nirayAvaliyA (nirayAvalikA) niraya arthAt naraka ke jIva aura AvalI arthAt shrennii| nArakoM kI zreNI ke varNana svarUpa isa grantha ko nirayAvaliyA suyakhaMdha (nirayAvalikA zrutaskaMdha) bhI kahate haiN| aMtagaDadasA kA upAMga ise mAnya kiyA hai| ise 'kappiyA' (saM.

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__ (211) kalpitA) bhI kahate haiN| isake pA~ca varga gine jAte haiM-1, nirayAvaliyA 2. kappavaDiMsiyA 3. pupphiyA 4. pupphacUliyA 5. vnnhidsaa| isake dasa adhyayana hai| 9. kappavaDiMsiyA (kalpAvataMsikA) aNuttarovavAiyadasA ke upAMga rUpa meM nirdezita isa Agama ke dasa adhyayana haiN| saudharmAdi kalpa (svarga) meM jo utpanna hokara mokSagAmI hoMge, unakA adhikAra varNita kiyA hai| 10. puphiyA (puSpitA) yaha paNhAvAgaraNa kA upAMga mAnA jAtA hai| isameM bhI adhyayana haiN| gadyamaya isakI racanA hai| 11. puSphacUliyA (puSpacUlikA) dasa adhyayanoM meM vibhakta yaha Agama vivAgasuya kA upAMga mAnA gayA hai| yaha upAMga gadyAtmaka zailI meM nibaddha hai| 12. vaNhidasA (vRSNidasA) isakA anya nAma 'aMdhagavaNhidasA' bhI hai| yaha diTThIvAya kA upAMga mAnA jAtA hai| yaha bAraha adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai| sarvAMza gadya meM racita hai| isa prakAra ye 12 upAMga bhI Agama meM sthAna prApta kiye hue haiN| inakA parimANa nimna prakAra se haiupAMgoM ko parimANa ina bAraha upAMgo kA parimANa kramazaH nimna prakAra se hai-1600, 2100, 4700, 7787, 2296, 4454, 2200, 1100 (pA~ca upAMga kA sammilita parimANa) __isa prakAra bAraha upAMgoM kA parimANa kula 26237 zloka haiN| 4. mUla sUtra' 1. Avassaya (Avazyaka) aMgabAhya sUtroM meM pradhAna yaha Agama 130 zloka pramANa hai| yaha 6 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai| avazya karane yogya hone se Avazyaka saMjJA prApta hai| 1. sAmAyika 2. caturviMzatistava 3. vaMdanaka 4. pratikramaNa 5. kAyotsarga 6. pratyAkhyAna, ye 6 1. pistAlIsa Agamo pR. 33-41

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(212) adhyayana hai| isake kartA carama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna zrutasthavira haiN| ye zrutasthavira gaNadhara hI haiM yA anya, yaha vivAdAspada viSaya rahA hai| 2. uttarajjhayaNa (uttarAdhyayana) isa Agama ke uttarajjha aura uttarAdhyAya isa prakAra anukrama se prAkRta aura saMskRta nAmAMtara haiN| mukhyataH padyAtmaka racita yaha Agama 2000 zloka pramANa hai| 36 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai| yaha anuzruti hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nirvANa samaya meM solaprahara dezanA dI thI, usa samaya ye 36 adhyayana uccarita kiye the| 3. dasaveyAliya (dazavaikAlika) 'dasakAliya' isa prakAra ke nAmAMtara vAle evaM 835 zloka pramANa svarUpa vAle isa Agama meM 10 adhyayana haiN| pA~caveM adhyayana ke 2 evaM navama adhyayana ke cAra uddezaka haiN| isa Agama kI saMkalanA mahAvIra bhagavAna ke caturtha paTTadhara AcArya zayyaMbhava sUrI ne kI hai| apane bAladIkSita putra manaka ke lie isakI racanA vIra saMvat 72 arthAt 455 I. pU. vikAla ke samaya kI gaI thii| caudaha pUrvI meM se uddhata karake, matAMtare gaNipiTaka meM se nirvRhaNa karake isakI racanA kI gaI 4. ohanijjutti (oghaniyukti) 'caraNakaraNa' anuyoga ke nirUpaNa rUpa isa Agama kI 811 padya kI 1355 zloka maya racanA hai| ise Avassaya-nijjutti kI 665 vIM gAthA kI prazAkhA mAnI gaI hai| isa Agama ke kartA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu svAmI hai| isakA nirvRhaNa pratyAkhyAna pravAda nAmaka pUrva meM se kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha maulika grantha nahIM apuita viziSTa prakAra kI saMkalanA hai| 5. piNDanijjutti (piNDaniyukti) dasaveyAliya ke 'piNDesaNA' (piNDeSaNA) nAmaka paMcama adhyayana para niyukti racate samaya yaha vistRta ho jAne se isakI pRthak Agama meM gaNanA hone lgii| isa prakAra yaha dasaveyAliya niyukti kI prazAkhA hai| isameM 671 gAthAe~ hai, jisakA pramANa 835 zloka tulya hai| isake kartA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu svAmI hai| isa prakAra mUlasUtroM meM prathama cAra sUtroM kA pramANa 130 + 2000 + 835 + 835 + = 3800 zloka hotA hai|

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(213) chaH chedasUtra (1) nisIha (nizItha) 821 zloka pramANa AcAra kI pAMcavIM cUlA rUpa meM nirdezita isa gadyAtmaka Agama kA dUsarA nAma 'AcAra prakalpa' hai| isake bIsa uddezaka hai| paMcakappabhAsa' nAmaka pUrva meM se isa Agama kA ni!haNa bhI bhadrabAhUsvAmI ne kiyA hai| anyamata se isake kartA gaNadhara haiN| isake antima uddezaka meM vyavahAra ke bRhad bhAga ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| sAtha hI nizItha ke kitaneka sUtra AcAra kI pahalI do cUlAoM se sAmya rakhate haiN| (2) dasA (dazA) isa Agama ke sAtha 'suyakkhaMdha' saMlagna karake bhI isakA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai aura 'AcAradasA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake atirikta isa Agama ko 'dasAsuya' bhI kahate haiN| isameM dasa adhyayana haiM, jisameM AThaveM aura dasaveM adhyayana ko va anya sarva ko dazA ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| isakA aSTama adhyayana jo ki 'pajjosavaNA kappa' hai jise kalpasUtra evaM bArasAsUtra bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa Agama ke kartA bhI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhUsvAmI hai| (3) kappa (kalpa) isake kalpAdhyayana, bRhatkalpa, bRhatsAdhukalpa evaM vedakalpasUtra anya nAmAMtara bhI hai| isameM chaH udezaka bhI hai| isake praNetA bhI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhU svAmI hai| yaha prAyazcita sUtra hai| isakA pramANa 400 se 413 zloka jitanA hai| (4) vyavahAra (vyavahAra) 373 zloka pramANa isa Agama ke 10 uddezaka haiN| isake praNetA bhI bhadrabAhU svAmI hai| (5) jItakappa (jItakalpa) jIta arthAt aacaar| 103 gAthA aura lagabhaga 200 zloka pramANa isa laghukRti meM AlocanAdi dasa prakAroM kA varNana hai| isake kartA jina bhadragaNi kSamA zramaNa hai, jo ki haribhadrasUri ke pUrvavartI hai| 1. pistAlIsa Agamo pR. 42-48

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(214) (6) mahAnisIha (mahAnizItha) isakA pramANa 4548 zloka hai| isameM prArambha meM tIna vibhAgoM kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai| kintu isake ATha vibhAga dRSTigata haiN| jisameM pahale 6 kA adhyayana antima do kA cUlA rUpa meM ullekha hai| paMcamaMgalamahAsuyakkhaMdha (namaskAra maMtra) kI sthApanA isameM kI gaI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki isa kI racanA gaNadhara ne kI hai| isakA uddhAra haribhadrasUri ne kiyA hai| ___ isa prakAra ina chaH chedasUtroM kA kula parimANa 821 + 2106 +473 +373 + 200 + 4548 = 8521 zloka hai| 10 prakIrNaka (1) deviMdathaya (devendrastava) 307 gAthA meM racita isa prakIrNaka meM indroM ke viSaya meM vizeSa carcA hai| isake kartA koI RSipAla ho aisA 305-306 vIM gAthA se vidita hotA hai| ye 'brahmadvIpa' zAkhA ke haiM, aisA kaIyo kA kahanA hai| (2) taMdulaveyAliya (taMdulavaicArika) isa nAma kI yojanA-100 varSa kI AyuSya vAlA puruSa roja taMdula (cAvala) khAve aura usakI jo saMkhyA ho, isa vicAraNA ke upalakSaNa se usakI nAma yojanA huI ho, aisA kahA jAtA hai| yaha ajJAtakartRka hai| (3) gaNivijjA (gaNividyA) 82 padyoM meM racita isa Agama meM jyotiSa kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha bhI ajJAtakartRka hai| (4) AurapaccakkhANa (AturapratyAkhyAna) isake kartA vIrabhadra haiN| yaha mukhyatayA padya meM racita hai| 100 zloka jitane pramANa meM isakI racanA hai| (5) mahApaccakkhANa (mahApratyAkhyAna) 142 zloka meM isakI racanA kI gaI hai| yaha ajJAtakartRka hai| (6) gacchAcAra (gacchAcAra) gaccha smudaay| gaccha kA varNana isameM kiyA gyaahai| isa Agama kA uddhAra 1. pistAlIsa AgamA pR. 49-569

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(215) mahAnisIha, kappa aura vyavahAra meM se kiyA gayA hai| ataH isakA samaya vIra saMvat 170 ke pazcAt hai| 175 zloka pramANa yaha kRti ajJAtakartRka hai| (7) bhattapariNNA (bhaktaparijJA) 172 padyoM meM racita isake kartA vIrabhadra haiN| isakA pramANa 215 zloka hai| (8) maraNasamAhi (maraNasamAdhi) isa prakIrNaka ko maraNavibhatti (maraNavibhakti), maraNavihi (maraNavidhi), maraNavihisaMgaha (maraNavidhi saMgraha) tathA maraNasamAyArI (maraNasamAcArI) bhI kahate haiN| 83 zloka pramANa yaha prakIrNaka dasa prakIrNakoM meM, sabase vistRta hai| isakI racanA ATha zrutoM ke Adhara para huI haiM- 1. AurapaccakkhANa, 2. ArAhaNA (paiNNaga), 3. bhattapariNNA 4. maraNavibhatti 5. maraNavisohi 6. maraNasamAhi 7. mahApaccakkhANa 8. sNlehnnaasuy| yaha bhI ajJAtakartRka hai| (9) saMthAraga (saMstAraka) 123 padyoM meM guMphita aura 155 zloka pramANita yaha ajJAtakartRka kRti hai| isameM antakAla kI ArAdhanA rUpa saMstAraka kI mahimA varNita hai| (10) causaraNa (catuHzaraNa) 63 padyoM meM racita isa kRti ko 'kusalA-NubaMdhiajjhayaNa(kusalAnubaMdhyadhyayana) bhI kahate hai| isake kartA vIrabhadra hai|' isa prakAra ina dasa prakIrNakoM meM se 6 to samAdhimaraNa se saMbaMdhita hai| vaise prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA to adhika hai parantu 45 AgamoM meM ina dasa kA samAveza huA hai| 315 + 500 + 105 + 100 +176 + 175 + 215 +837 + 155 + 80 = 2718 zloka isa prakIrNakoM kA pramANa hai| 2. cUlikA' 1. naMdI ise kitaneka vidvAna naMdI bhI kahate haiN| koI isakI 'nAndI' kA prAkRta samIkaraNa hone kI kalpanA karate haiN| dravyAnuyoga ke nirUpaNa svarUpa isa Agama meM 59 sUtra aura 90 padya hai| prArambha meM 47 jitane padya sthavirAvalI rUpa haiN| prArambha 1. pistAlIsa Agamo pR. 57-61

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(216) meM mahAvIrasvAmI kI stuti hai| isameM AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| evaM aMgabAhya, aMgapraviSTa, kAlika, utkAlika sUtroM ko prastuta kiyA hai| isake kartA dUSyagaNi ke ziSya devavAcaka haiN| inheM kitaneka devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa svIkAra karate haiN| jo ki ucita nahIM lgtii| isakI racanA kI pUrva sImA IsvI. san kI tIsarI zatAbdI aura uttarasImA pA~cavIM zatAbdI mAnI gaI hai| 2. aNuogadAra (anuyogadvAra) lagabhaga 2000 zloka pramANa aura praznottara zailI meM mukhyatayA 152 gadyamaya sUtroM meM racita isa Agama meM dravyAnuyoga kA vivaraNa hai| anuyoga ke cAra dvAraupakrama, nikSepa, anugama aura naya para prakAza DAlatA hai| isake kartA kitaneka ke mata meM AryarakSita sUrI svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| isa prakAra isakI racanA I. sa. dUsarI zatAbdI mAnI jA sakatI hai| ___ ina cUlikA sUtroM kA pramANa 700 + 2000 = 2700 zloka kA hai| ina 45 AgamoM kA kula pramANa 80122 zloka haiN| ina AgamoM kA adhyApana/pAThana upAdhyAya pravara karavA kara, ziSya paramparA meM jJAnArjana karAte haiN| jJAnAJjana karake satya tathya kA jJAna karavA kara mukti patha para ArUr3ha karate haiN| bauddha paramparA meM upAdhyAya pada jaina paramparA kI bhAMti bauddha paramparA meM bhI upAdhyAya pada kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ para upAdhyAya pada AcArya pada kI bhAMti prathamataH nahIM thA, kintu ziSya samudAya meM anuzAsanahInatA tathA avyavasthA ke phalasvarUpa buddha ne upAdhyAya banAne kI anumati pradAna kii| yahA~ yaha draSTavya hai ki buddha ne to mAtra anumati hI pradAna kI hai| upAdhyAya kA cayana svayaM ziSyoM ko hI karanA par3atA thaa| kintu upAdhyAya pada kA adhikArI vahI ho sakatA thA, jo bhikSu saMgha meM dasa varSa se ho evaM ziSyoM kI dekhabhAla kA nirvahana kara sakatA ho| upAdhyAya meM ziSyoM para anuzAsana va vyavasthA rakhane kI zakti honI caahie|' upAdhyAya ko ziSya ko putravat tathA ziSya ko bhI upAdhyAya ko pitRtulya ginanA caahie| upAdhyAya ziSya ko pATha dete, dhArmika praznoM ke javAba dete, 1. uvajjhAyavattakathA, mahAvagga (vinayapiTaka) pR. 42-47, cullavagga pR. 328-332

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(217) upadeza dete tathA rIti rivAjoM se unako avagata kraate| ve ziSya ko pAtra, cIvara evaM Avazyaka vastuoM kI vyavasthA karAte haiN| ziSya upAdhyAya kI sevA-suzruSA krtaa| unakA vinaya karatA evaM AjJAMkita rahakara unake pratyeka kArya ko karane meM sahAyaka hotaa| unake AvAsa, bhojana, snAna, AvAgamana Adi meM sahayoga detA, sAdhana juTAtA tathA svacchatA rkhtaa| yadi upAdhyAya roga se AkrAMta ho jAte, to ziSya pUrvarUpeNa sevA meM tatpara ho jaataa| yadi AjIvana sevA karanI par3atI, to bhI vaha sevA karake kartavya nibhaataa| aura yadi ziSya rogAkrAMta ho jAtA to upAdhyAya bhI ziSya kI bhAMti svayaM ziSya kI sevA cAkarI karake usake Arogya ke sAdhana juttaate| yadi ziSya ke mana meM udAsI ho, zaMkA ho yA bhramaNA ho jAye to upAdhyAya use nivAraNa karake samAdhAna krte| isI prakAra yadi upAdhyAya ke mana meM udAsI, zaMkA, yA bhramaNA ho jAtI to ziSya usakA nivAraNa karane meM tatpara rhtaa| aparAdha kiye jAne para upAdhyAya kA yaha karttavya hotA, ki ve saMgha ke samakSa usake aparAdha kI kSamA dilAte athavA use alpadaNDa mile, aisA prayAsa krte| isI prakAra yadi upAdhyAya se aparAdha ho jAtA ho ziSya bhI isI bhAMti prayatnazIla hotA thaa| __isa prakAra upAdhyAya ke ziSya ke prati tathA ziSyoM ko upAdhyAya ke prati kartavya evaM dharma the| jisa prakAra AcArya pada kA nirUpaNa hai, usI ke samAna upAdhyAya pada kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| usameM tanika bhI antara nahIM hai| jaina darzana meM upAdhyAya kA karttavya paThana-pAThana evaM vinayaguNa kA vikAsa hai vahA~ bauddha darzana meM ziSya kI sampUrNatayA jimmedArI upAdhyAya para hai| vahA~ AcArya kI anupasthiti meM upAdhyAya ko saMgha netRtva bhI saMbhAlanA par3atA hai jabaki yahA~ upAdhyAya kI anupasthiti meM AcArya kA cayana hotA hai| isa prakAra bauddha paramparA meM upAdhyAya pada kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai| 1. vahI 2. vahI.

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(218) adhyAya-7 sAdhupada paMca parameSThI kA paMcama pada : sAdhu zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa paraMparA ke tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se (1) sAdhu : lakSaNa, artha, Agamika vyAkhyA sAdhu : paryAya (2) sAdhu ke guNa : vidhi-niSedha rUpa meM vidhyAtmaka(ka) 18,000 zIla guNoM ke dhAraka (kha) 84,000,00 uttara guNoM se saMyukta (ga) 32 saMyamayoga saMgraha niSedhAtmaka(a) anAcaraNa-1. (ba) 20 asamAdhi doSa (sa) 21 sabala (bar3e) doSa (3) sAdhu : AcAra vidhAna : SaDAvazyaka (ka) sAdhu samAcArI : viziSTa kriyAeM (kha) sAdhu ke vividha kalpa (ga) bhikSu pratimA 4. sAdhu ke prakAra 5. jainadharma aura vrata paramparA 1. sAdhu ke vrata-1. sAmAyika 2. paMca mahAvrata 2. cAturyAma dharma aura paMca mahAvrata 3. paMca mahAvrata kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ka. bauddha paraMparA meM dasa zIla kha. brAhmaNa paraMparA meM paMcayama 6. mahAvratoM ke saMrakSaNa kI vyavasthA svarUpa : aSTa pravacana mAtA 1. paMcasamiti 2. tIna gupti 7. anya darzanoM meM sAdhu evaM sAdhutva 8. sAdhutva kI upayogitA

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(219) paMca parameSThI kA paMcama padasAdhu : zramaNa va brAhmaNa paraMparA ke tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI mukhya do dhArAoM meM se jaina paraMparA zramaNa paraMparA para AdhArita hai| zramaNa arthAt sAdhu, yati, muni, bhikSu, aNagAra aadi| ye saba zramaNa kI hI paryAyeM hai| jaina pravacana zabda-pradhAna na hokara artha-pradhAna hai| ataH isameM aneka zabda-saMkalanA kI gaI hai| prastuta prakaraNa meM paMcama pada meM sAdhu kI vicAraNA hone se isameM sAdhu ke sthAnapara aneka sthala para 'zramaNa' zabda kA bhI vyavahAra ho sakatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha paraMparA 'zramaNa paraMparA' hai| jaina paraMparA meM sAdhu jIvana ko pradhAna mAnA gayA hai| jina-pravacana arthAt Agama sAhitya adhikAMzataH muni jIvana ko anulakSa karake hI gumphita kiyA hai| bRhadkalpa sUtra meM isakI pradhAnatA kA ullekha yahA~ taka kiyA hai ki "prathamaH pratyeka Agantuka ko yatidharma kA jJAna karAnA cAhiye aura yadi vaha usake pAlana meM asamarthatA prakaTa kare to use gRhastha dharma kA upadeza denA caahiye| isa saMdarbha meM sAdhu jIvana kI utkRSTatA ko darzAyA gayA hai| zramaNa paraMparA kI itara dhArA bauddha paraMparA meM bhI bhikSu ke jIvana ko utkRSTa mAnA gayA hai| gautama buddha ne tripiTakoM meM sadaiva hI bhikSu jIvana ko prAthamikatA dI hai| jaina mata ke sadRza buddha kA bhI yahI upadeza rahA jo bhikSu banane meM asamartha ho use gRhastha jIvana aMgIkAra karanA caahiye| isa zramaNa paraMparA ke donoM pakSoM ne munijIvana ko prathama sthAna diyA hai| vaidika paMraparA meM ThIka isake viparIta gRhastha jIvana ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai, kintu pazcAtvartI vaidika sAhitya meM Azrama vyavasthA meM saMyasta jIvana ko mahattva hI nahIM diyA gayA varan jIvana ke aMtima sAdhya ke rUpa bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| gItA ke samaya taka gRhastha jIvana aura saMnyAsa mArga donoM hI paramparAe~ pratiSThita ho cukI thii| gItA meM donoM ke bIca samanvaya sthApita kiyA gayA hai| tathA vaidika paramparA meM gRhasthAzrama ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| 1. bRhatkalpa sUtra 1139 2. suttanipAta 12.14-14 3. 3. gItA 5.2

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(220) zramaNa tathA brAhmaNa paMraparA meM sAdhu jIvana ko sarvocca mAnA hai, phira bhI brAhmaNa paraMparA vizeSa rUpa se gRhastha jIvana ko saMnyAsa ke samakakSa banAne ke prayAsa meM rahI hai| jaina dharma meM sAdhu- zramaNa paraMparA meM sAdhu jIvana ko sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai| sAdhanA ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa prApta karane ke lie gRhastha jIvana ke prapaMcoM kA tyAga karake, gRhastha veza kA tyAga karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| yadyapi sAdhanA gRhastha veSa yA anya kisI veSa se bhI ho sakatI hai, kyoMki mukta hone ke lie veSa bAdhaka nahIM, bAdhaka hai vissy-vikaar| ataH AdhyAtmika samutkarSa ke lie brAhya vAtAvaraNa bhI apekSita hai, jahA~ sahajatA se anukUla vAtAvaraNa meM sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se karma kSaya kiyA jA ske| jaina paraMparA meM sAdhu jIvana kA prathama AcAra hai, sAdhanA hai- pApa virti| jaina sAdhu ko kucha samaya ke lie nahIM varan yAvajjIvana paryanta sAvadha yogoM-pApakArI pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karake, Antarika rUpa se use samasta rAgadveSAtmaka pravRttiyoM se pare honA par3atA hai| isa artha meM sAdhu kA tAtparya hI hai-samatva kI saadhnaa| vAstava meM mastaka muMDAne mAtra se koI sAdhu nahIM ho jAtA, varan jo samatva kI sAdhanA karatA hai vahI sAdhu hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM sAdhu jIvana kI spaSTa rUpa se vyAkhyA upalabdha hotI hai ki "jo zarIra Adi meM Asakti nahIM rakhatA, sAMsArika kAmanA nahIM karatA, kisI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karatA, jhUTha nahIM bolatA, maithuna aura parigraha ke vikAroM se rahita hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, dveSa Adi jitane bhI karmAdAna aura AtmA ke patana ke hetu haiM, una saba se nivRtta rahatA hai| isa prakAra jo indriyoM kA vijetA hai, mokSa mArga kA saphalayAtrI hai, zarIra ke mohamamatva se rahita hai, vaha zramaNa hai|" bauddha paraMparA meM bhI jaina paraMparA kI bhA~ti samatva kI sAdhanA karanA hI bhikSu kA parama lakSya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| buddha ke anusAra jo vrata hIna hai tathA mithyAbhASI hai, vaha muMDita hone mAtra se zramaNa nahIM hotaa| icchA aura lobha se bharA huA manuSya bhalA kyA sAdhu banegA? jo choTe-bar3e saba pApoM kA zamana karatA hai, use pApoM kA zamanakartA hone ke kAraNa hI zramaNa kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra bauddha paraMparA meM bhI bhikSu ko pApakArI pravRttiyoM se nivRtta hone kA buddha kA upadeza hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana 25.32 2. sUtrakRtAMga 1.16.2 3. dhammapada 264-265

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(221) vaidika paraMparA meM saMnyAsI ko phalAkAMkSA se dUra rahane ko kahA gayA hai| vahA~ bhI putraiSaNA, vittaiSaNA aura lokaiSaNA kA parityAga karake bhI prANiyoM ko abhaya pradAna karane vAlA saMnyAsI hai, kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ dRSTigocara hotA hai ki sabhI paraMparAeM eka mata se pApakArI pravRttiyoM kA tyAga evaM viSaya-vikAroM se nivRtta honA svIkAratI hai| sAdhu-Agamika vyAkhyA prathama aMga sUtra AcArAMga meM sAdhu kI vyavasthA karate hue kathana hai ki "jo jIvana prapaMcoM ko tyAga kara gRhatyAgI huA hai, jisakA antaHkaraNa sarala hai, jisane mokSamArga svIkAra kiyA hai tathA jisake kapaTa kA sarvathA tyAga kiyA hai, vahI saccA aNagAra hai| punaH ullekha hai ki tattvoM ko jAnakara, ubhayarUpa saMyama ke svarUpa ko yathArtharUpa se samajhakara jo yaha saMkalpa karatA hai ki maiM kisI bhI prANI ko pIr3A na dUMgA aura tadanusAra kisI ko bhI pIr3A nahIM detA aura hiMsA, viSaya, kaSAya aura sAMsArika baMdhanoM se virakta haiM, jinazAsana meM anurakta hai| jo lobha kI icchA nahIM krte| vaha samaya ko pahacAnane vAlA, apanI zakti ko jAnane vAlA, mAtrA-pramANa, kSetra, avasara, jJAnAdi vinaya, apane evaM dUsare ke zAstroM ko, dUsaroM ke abhiprAya ko, jAnane vAlA, parigraha kI mamatA ko dUra karane vAlA, yathAkAla anuSThAna karane vAlA, nirAsakta hokara rAga-dveSa ko chedakara mokSamArga meM Age bar3hatA hai| unako hiMsaka upadeza aura cikitsA nahIM klptii| loka ke svarUpa ko jAnakara, vivekapUrNa lokasaMjJA kA tyAga kreN| jo karma-zarIra ko AtmA se alaga karate haiN| satpuruSArthI, samyaktvadarzI nIrasa, halkA, sUkhA bhojana karate haiN| jo zabda, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ke suMdara yA kharAba, anukUla yA pratikUla manojJa yA amanojJa avasthA prApta hone para bhI donoM meM 1. nItizAstra kI rUparekhA pR. 101 2. AcA. 1.1.3.19 3. vahI. 1.1.5.39 4. vahI 1.2.2 5. vahI 1.2.5 6. vahI. 1.2.5 7. vahI. 1.2.6 8. vahI 1.2.6

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(222) samabhAva rakhatA hai, vahI sAdhaka caitanya (AtmarUpa), jJAna, veda (zAstra) dharma tathA brahma kA jJAtA hai| vaha apane vijJAna bala se loka ke svarUpa ko jAnatA hai, vahI muni kahalA sakatA hai| isa prakAra dharma ko jAnane vAle muni kA saMsAracakra tathA viSayAbhilASA (Asakti) rAgAdi se kyA saMbaMdha hai ? yaha jAnate haiN| rati-arati ko sahana karate haiN| saMyama meM kaThinAI kA anubhava nahIM karate aura jAgRta rahakara vaira-virodha ko dUra karate haiN|' __yahA~ prazna hai ki koI paraspara lajjA yA bhaya se pApakarma nahIM karatA hai to kyA vaha muni kahA jA sakegA? samAdhAna karate hue kathana hai-kadApi nahIM! samatA kI jahA~ upekSA hai, vahA~ munitva nhiiN| samabhAva se jo pApakarma nahIM karatA vahI saccA muni kahA jA sakatA hai| dazavaikAlika evaM uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM jisakA nAma hI 'sa-bhikkhu' hai, isa adhyayana meM sadbhikSu ke lakSaNa isa prakAra batAe haiM-jo tIrthaMkara ke vacanoM meM samAhitacitta ho, striyoM meM Asakti se tathA viSaya-bhogoM se virata ho| jo SaTkAyika jIvoM kI kisI bhI prakAra se virAdhanA nahIM karatA-karAtA ho, jo samasta prANiyoM ko Atmavat mAnatA hai, jo paMca mahAvrata evaM paMca saMvara kA pAlana karatA hai, jo kaSAyavijayI hai, parigrahavRtti tathA gRhastha prapaMcoM se dUra hai, jo khAdya padArthoM kA saMcaya nahIM karatA, jo lAyA huA AhAra sAdharmikoM ko saMvibhakta aura AmaMtrita karake khAtA hai| jo adhana (akiMcana) hai tathA jo gRhasthoM kA yoga (adhika saMsarga yA vyApAra) nahIM karatA, jisakI dRSTi samyak hai, jo sadA amUr3ha hai jo jJAna, tapa aura saMyama meM AsthAvAn hai| jo tapasyA se pUrvakat pApakarmoM ko naSTa karatA hai aura mana-vacana-kAyA se susaMvRtta hai, vahI saccA bhikSu hai| ___ jo eSaNAvidhi se prApta AhAra ko na to saMcita karatA hai aura na karavAtA hai jo kalahakathA, kopa Adi nahIM karatA, jo iMdriyavijayI, saMyama meM dhruvayogI evaM azAMta hai| jo kaThora evaM bhayAvaha zabdoM ko samatApUrvaka sahatA hai, jo sukha duHkha meM samabhAvI, abhaya, tapazcaraNa evaM vividha guNoM meM rata, zarIra nirapekSa, sarvAMga 1. 1. AcA. 1.3.1 2. AcA. 1.3.3. 3. 3. dazavaikAlika adhya. 10 4. uttarAdhyayana adhya. 15

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(223) saMyata, anidAna, kAyotsargI, parISaha vijetA, zramaNabhAva meM rata, upadhi meM anAsakta hai, jo ajJAtakuloM meM bhikSA lAne vAlA, kraya-vikraya tathA sannidhi se virata, sarvasaMga-rahita, asaMyamI jIvana kA anAkAMkSI, vaibhava, ADambara, satkAra, pUjA, pratiSThA Adi meM bilkula nispRha hai| jo sthitaprajJa hai, Atmazakti ke vikAsa ke lie tatpara hai, samiti gupti kA pAlaka, aSTavidha mada se dUra evaM dharmadhyAna Adi meM rata hai, svadharma meM sthira hai| zAzvata hita meM susthita, dehAdhyAsa-tyAgI aura zUdra hAsyaceSTAoM se virata hai| chedanavidyA svara vidyA, bhUkampa, aMtarikSa, svapna, lakSaNa, aMgavicAra aura pazu-pakSiyoM kI bolI se AjIvikA nahIM krtaa| maMtra, vividha vaidyaprayoga, dhUmayoga, aMjanasnAna, AturatA, mAtA-piAta kA zaraNa cikitsA inako jJAna se heya jAnakara chor3a dete haiM, vaha bhikSu hai| prastuta adhyayana meM bhikSucaryA evaM bhikSuke svadharma aura sadguNoM se saMbaMdhita samagra cintana vizuddha rUpa se aMkita kiyA hai| isa adhyayana kA pratipAdya hI sadbhikSu yA AdarzabhikSu hai| isa prakAra paripUrNa rUpa se sAdhupada kI suMdara vivecanA prastuta kI gaI hai| sAdhu-lakSaNa atyanta, kaSTakArI, ugratara aura ghora tapazcaraNAdi anuSThAnoM ke dvArA, aneka vrata, niyama, upavAsa va vividha prakAra ke abhigraha se yukta, saMyama pAlana karane se tathA samyak prakAra se parISaha upasargAdi kaSToM kA sahana karake jo sarva duHkhoM kA aMta karane vAle mokSa ko sAdhatAhai, vaha sAdhu hai|' nirvANasAdhaka yoga ko sAdhane se aura sarva prANiyoM ke prati AtmasammAna buddhi ko dhAraNa karane se sAdhu bhagavanta bhAva sAdhu kahalAte haiN| ve viSaya sukha se nivartita hote haiM tathA vizuddha cAritra aura niyamoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM, tAtvika guNoM ko siddha karate haiM tathA mukti sAdhaka puruSoM ko unakI sAdhanA meM sahAya karate haiN| loka saMjJA ke tyAgI, kSamAdi dazavidha dharma ke dhAraka tathA lAbhAlAbha, mAnApamAna evaM loSTha-kAMcana meM samavRtti rakhane vAle, gurvAjJA meM tatpara, prAyazcitAdi jala dvArA pApamala kA prakSAlana karane vAle, nirantara zuddha svAdhyAyakaraNa meM tallIna aura bhramara ke sadRza gocaracaryA meM udyata zrI sAdhu bhagavaMta jaMgama tIrtha hai| 1. daza. adhyaya. 10 gA. 1-21 2. uttarA adhya. 15 gA. 1-16 3. 3. mahAnizIthasUtra 4. Ava. ni. gA. 1010 5. vahI.

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(224) zrI sAdha parameSThI ke saMbaMdha meM upAdhyAyajI zrI yazovijayajI mahArAja zrI paMcaparameSThI gItA' meM ullekha karate haiM-"nirantara, klezanAzinI dezanA dene meM jo prayAsa ginate nahIM tathA bhavyaAtmAoM ke AzvAsana lene ke lie ve sthiradvIpa kI bhA~ti hai| svayaM sAdhanA karake tira jAte haiM evaM anyoM ko bhI tArane meM tatpara rahate haiM, aise karuNAsabharasukhakara sAdhupuruSa nirantara karuNAzIla hone se tathA guNa evaM mahimA ke bhaMDAra hone se ve jaMgamatIrtha tulya haiM evaM jagat meM bArambAra dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN|" sAdhu : artha evaM payArya sAdhu zabda 'sAdh' dhAtu ko 'uN' pratyaya lagane se niSpanna hotA hai, jisakA tAtparya hai-jo icchita artha ko sAdhe vaha sAdhu hai| prAkRta bhASA meM "rava-gha-thadha-bhAm" 811 187 / iti dhasya haH isa prakAra 'sAhu' zabda prayukta hotA hai jisakA zAbdika artha hotA hai zobhana' athavA nirdoSa isakA vyutpatti paraka artha prastuta kiyA gayA hai___ 1. sAdhayanti jJAnAdizaktibhirmokSamiti sAdhavaH -arthAt jJAnAdi zaktiyoM dvArA jo mokSa kI sAdhanA kare vaha sAdhu hai| . 2. athavA samatA vA sarvabhUteSu dhyAyantIti nirUktinyAyAt sAdhavaH' -athavA sarva prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva kA jo dhyAna karate haiM ve sAdhu haiN| 3. athavA sahAyakaM vA saMyamakAriNAM dhArayantIti sAdhavaH nirUktereva - athavA saMyama pAlana karane vAlI AtmAoM ko sahAyatA karate haiM isase sAdhu kahalAte haiN| ___4. athavA sAdhayati samyagdarzanAdiyogairapavargamiti sAdhuH jo samyagdarzanAdi yogoM dvArA mokSa ko sAdhate haiM, ve sAdhu hai| 5. abhilaSitamarthaM sAdhayatIti sAdhuH - jo samyagyadarzanAdi yogoM dvArA mokSa ko sAdhate haiM, ve sAdhu haiN| 1. parameSThI gItA.1 3. dvAvi.11 dvA. 5. vahI. 1.1, dazA. 1 a, Ava 4. a. sUtra. 2.5 7. 4. daza. vR. 1.1, uttara. 1, caM. pra. 11 pA. 2. sUtra 2.1, 2.2 4. 1. bhagavatI vR. 1.1 6. vahI. 1.1 8. Ava ma. 1.

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.. (225) 6. sadAcAre', pAramArthikayatau', brahmacaryAdiNAnvite arthAt sadAcAra meM rata, paramArtha meM tatpara, brahmacaryAdi guNoM se yukta hone se sAdhu kahate haiN| bhagavatI sUtra meM sAdhu pada ko namaskAra sarva vizeSaNa te samanvita hokara kiyA gayA hai, jisakA tAtparya hai 1. sarva grahaNa ca sarveSAM guNavatAmavizeSanamanIyatApratipAdanArtham, sarva guNavAn puruSa bhedabhAva binA namaskAra karane yogya hone se yahA~ sarva kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| ___2. athavA sarvebhyo jIvebhyo hitAH sArvaste ca sAdhava:-'sArva' arthAt sarva jIvoM kA hita karane vAle sAdhu ve sArva sAdhu haiN| 3. sArvasya vA-arhato na tu buddhAdeH sAdhavaH sArvasAdhavaH arthAt buddha Adi ke nahIM parantu 'sArva' arthAt arihaMta ke jo sAdhu vaha sArva sAdhu hai| ___4. athavA sarvAn vA zubhayogAn sAdhayanti-kurvanti-athavA sarva zubha yoga ko sAdhe vaha sarva sAdhu hai| ____5. athavA sArvAn vA-arhataH sAdhayanti tadAjJAkaraNAdArAdhayanti pratiSThApayanti vA durnayanirAkaraNAditi sarvasAdhavaH sArvasAdhavo vA AjJa kA pAlana karake sArva arthAt arhat ko jo ArAdhate hai kiMvA durnaya ko dUra karake (anya matoM kA khaMDana karake) jinezvara bhagavAna ke mata ko pratiSThita karate haiM, vaha sArvasAdhu haiN| 6. athavA zravyeSu-zravaNArheSu vAkyeSu-zravya arthAt zravaNa karane yogya vAkyoM meM nipuNa ve zravyasAdhu haiN| athavA savyAni-dakSiNAnyanukUlAni yAni kAryANi teSu sAdhavaH nipuNAH zravyasAdhavaH savyasAdhavo vA-savya arthAt anukUla kAryoM meM nipuNa vaha savya sAdhu hai| - Avazyaka niyukti meM yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki asahAya aise ko saMyama pAlana meM sahAyaka hone se sAdhu haiN| viSaya sukha se dUra rahane vAle, nirmala cAritra rUpI niyama vAle, tathya guNoM ko sAdhane vAle, AtmakArya meM udyamazIla sAdhu haiN| paramArtha sAdhana kI pravRtti meM jagat jaba asahAya ho jAtA hai, taba sahAya rahita aise mujhe saMyama rakhane meM jo madada karate haiM, ve sAdhu haiN|" 1. sUtra 1.3.1 3. ThANaM 10.3 5. Ava. ni. 127 7. vahI 127 2.paM. va4dvAra 4. bhaga. 1.1 6. vahI 126

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(226) SaTkhaMDAgama' meM kathana hai ki "jo anaMta jJAnAdi rUpa zuddha AtmA ke svarUpa kI sAdhanA karate haiN| jo paMca mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM tIna guptiyoM se surakSita haiM, aTThAraha hajAra zIla ke bhedoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM tathA caurAsIlAla uttara guNoM kA pAlana karate haiN|" siMha samAna parAkramI, hAthI samAna svAbhimAnI athavA unnata, baila ke samAna bhadraprakRti, mRga samAna sarala, pazu samAna nirIha gocarI vRtti karane vAle, pavana sadRza niHsaMga athavA sarvatra rUke binA vicarane vAle, sUryasamAna tejasvI athavA sakala tattvoM ke prakAzaka, udadhi arthAt sAgara sama gaMbhIra, maMdarAcala arthAt sumerU parvata samAna parISaha evaM upasargoM ke Ane para akaMpa evaM aDola rahane vAle, caMdra sama zAMtidAyaka, maNisamAna prabhAja yukta, pRthvI ke sadRza sarva prakAra kI bAdhAoM ko sahana karane vAle, uraga arthAt sarpa ke samAna anya dvArA nirmita aniyata Azraya-vasatikA Adi meM nivAsa karane vAle, aMbara arthAt AkAza samAna nirAlaMbI athavA nirlepa aura sadAkAla paramapada arthAt mokSa kA anveSaNa karane vAle sAdhu haiN| ve saMpUrNa karmabhUmioM meM utpanna hone vAle trikAlavartI sAdhu hai|" isa prakAra anekazaH sAdhu parameSThI ke vyutpattiniyukti paraka artha kiye gaye haiN| nizcaya sAdhu ke lakSaNa sAdhu meM kyA-kyA lakSaNa hone cAhiye, usakA ullekha hai ki "jisake zatra aura baMdhuvarga samAna hai, prazaMsA aura niMdA ke prati jisako samatA hai, loSTha (DhelA) aura suvarNa samAna hai tathA jIvana va maraNa ke prati jisako samatA hai vaha zramaNa hai| jo kAyA aura vacana ke vyApAra se mukta, caturvidha ArAdhanA meM sadA rakta, nirgrantha aura nirmoha hai| jo niSparigrahI va nirAmbha hai, bhikSAcaryA meM sadA zuddhabhAva rakhatA hai, ekAkI dhyAna meM lIna hotA hai aura saba guNoM se paripUrNa hotA hai| ananta jJAnAdi svarUpa zuddhAtmA kI sAdhanA karate haiN| ve anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantavIrya, virati aura kSAyikasamyaktvAdi guNoM ke sAdhaka hai| jo sukha duHkha meM samAna hai, dhyAna meM lIna hai| zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke rAga se mukta hai| isa prakAra jo nijAtmA ko hI zraddhArUpa va jJAnarUpa banA letA hai aura upekSArUpa hI jisakI AtmA kI pravRtti ho jAtI haiM, arthAt jo nizcaya va abheda ratnatraya kI sAdhanA karatA hai vaha nizcayAvalambI zreSTha muni hai| ratnatraya kI bhAvanArUpa se vaha svAtmA ko sAdhatA hai| 1. SaTkhaMDAgama 33.51 2. pravacana sAra 241, mUlaArAdhanA 521 3. niyamasAra 75 4. mUla ArAdhanA 1000 5. dhavalA 1.1, 1, 1.51 6. dhavalA 8.3, 41.87.4 7. naya cakra vR. 330-331 8. tattvArthasAra 9.6 9. pra. sAra tA. vR. 252-345-16 paramAtma prakAza 1.7.14.7, paMcAdhyAyI 667

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(227) yahA~ sAdhu ke lakSaNoM meM mukhyatayA samatA ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| svakArya tathA para kArya rUpa paramArtha ko sAdhane vAlA sAdhu hai| sAdhu : paryAya (samAnArthaka zabda) sAdhu zabda ke anekazaH samAnArthaka zabda upalabdha hote haiN| yadyapi unakA artha kucha-kucha bhinnatA liye hue haiM, tathApi bhinnatA meM bhI samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai sUtrakRtAGga' meM sAdhutva kI paryAyoM kA suMdara samAlocana, vyAkhyA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| usameM ullekha hai jo dAMta (indriyoM aura mana ko vaza kara cukA) hai, dravya (bhavya mokSagamanayogya) hai , vyutsRSTakAya-jisane zarIra ke prati mamatva kA tyAga kara diyA hai, use mAhana, zramaNa, bhikSu, yA nirgantha kahanA caahiye| yahA~ prazna kiyA gayA hai ki aise sAdhaka ko mAhana, zramaNa, bhikSu yA nirgrantha kyoM kahanA caahiye| usakA mArmika vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai___ mAhana -virata savvapAvakamme.-jo samasta pApa karmoM se virata hai jo kisI para rAga dveSa nahIM karatA, jo kalaha se dUra rahatA hai, kisI para mithyAdoSaropaNa nahIM karatA, kisI kI cugalI nahIM karatA, dUsaroM kI niMdA nahIM karatA, jisakI saMyama meM arUci (arati) evaM asaMyama meM rUci nahIM hai, kapaTa yukta asatya nahIM bolatA (dambha nahIM karatA) arthAt aTThAraha pApasthAnoM kA sevana nahIM karatA, pAMca samitiyoM se yukta, jJAna-darzana-cAritra se sampanna, sadaiva SaDjIvanikAya kI yatanA, rakSaNa meM tatpara athavA sadA indriya jayI hotA hai, kisI para krodha nahIM karatA, na abhimAna karatA hai, ina guNoM se sampanna aNagAra, 'mAhana' kahe jAne yogya hai| prastuta sUtra meM 'mAhana' kA sarasa nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM 'mAhana' pada mA + hana zabdoM se nirmita hotA hai jisakA artha hai-'kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA mata karo', isa prakAra kA upadeza jo anya ko detA hai, athavA jo svayaM trasasthAvara, sUkSma-bAdara, jIvoM kI kisI bhI prakAra se hiMsA nahIM krtaa| hiMsA do prakAra kI hai-1. dravya 2. bhaav| rAga, dveSa, kaSAya yA asatya, corI, parigrahavRtti Adi saba bhAva hiMsA ke antargata hai| bhAva hiMsA dravyahiMsA se bhaMyakara hai| 'mAhana' 1. sUtrakRtAGga : 16 adhya. 2. vahI. 16.634

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(228) donoM prakAra kI hiMsA se virata hotA hai| mAhana' ko yahA~ savva pApasthAnoM se virata batAyA gayA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki vaha bhAvahiMsA ke ina mUlakAraNoM se virata rahatA hai| vaha samiti evaM trigupti se yukta hai arthAt vaha asatya, corI Adi bhAvahiMsAoM se rakSA karane vAlI samiti-gupti se yukta hai| vaha samyagdarzanAdi ratnatrayasampanna mAhana hiMsA nivAraNa ke amogha upAyabhUta mArga se suzobhita hai| hiMsA se sarvathA nivRtta mAhana SaDjIvanikAya kI rakSA ke lie sadaiva yatnavAn hotA hI hai| krodha aura abhimAna-ye do bhAvahiMsA ke pradhAna janaka hai| mAhana bhAvahiMsAjanaka kaSAyoM se dUra rahatA hai| isa prakAra mAhana ke artha ko prakaTa karatA yaha sUtra atyantra susaMgata hai| zramaNa pUrvokta virati Adi guNoM se sampanna jo sAdhaka anizcita (zarIra Adi kisI bhI para-padArtha meM Asakta yA Azrita nahIM) hai, anidAna (apane tapa-saMyama ke phala ke rUpa meM kisI bhI prakAra ke iha-pAralaukika sukha-bhogAkAMkSA se rahita) hai, tathA karmabandha ke kAraNabhUta, prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, maithuna aura parigraha (upalakSaNa se adattAdAna) se rahita hai tathA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga aura dveSa nahIM krtaa| isa prakAra jinajina karmabandha ke AdAna-kAraNoM se ihalokaparaloka meM AtmA kI hAni hotI hai, tathA jo jo AtmA ke lie dveSa ke kAraNa ho, una-una karmabaMdha ke kAraNoM se pahale se hI nivRtta vaha dAMta, bhavya (dravya) tathA zarIra ke prati mamatva se rahita hai, use zramaNa kahanA caahiye| prastuta sUtragAthA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 'kina viziSTa guNoM se sampanna hone para sAdhaka ko zramaNa kahA jA sakatA hai|' prAkRta bhASA meM 'samaNa' zabda ke saMskRta meM tIna rUpAntara hote haiM-zramaNa, zamana aura smn| zramaNa kA artha hai-jo mokSa (karmamokSa) ke lie svayaM zrama karatA hai, tapasyA karatA hai| zamana kA artha hai-jo kaSAyoM kA upazamana karatA hai, aura samana kA artha hai-jo prANimAtra para samabhAva rakhatA hai, athavA zatru-mitra para jisakA mana sama-roga-dveSa rahita hai| ina arthoM ke prakAza meM jaba hama prastuta sUtroktaM zramaNa ke lakSaNa ko kasate haiM, to vaha pUrNataH kharA utaratA hai| yahA~ zramaNa kA pahalA lakSaNa 'anizcita' batAyA hai, vaha isalie ki zramaNa kisI deva Adi 1. vahI. 16. adhya 635

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(229) kA Azrita banakara nahIM jItA, vaha tapa-saMyama meM svazrama (puruSArtha) ke bala paraAge bar3hatA hai|shrmnn jo bhI tapa karatA hai, vaha karmakSaya ke uddezya se hI karatA hai| nidAna karane se karmakSaya nahIM hotA, isalie zramaNa kA lakSaNa 'anidAna' batAyA gayA hai| zramaNa saMyama aura tapa meM jitanA parAkrama karatA hai, vaha karmakSaya ke lie karatA hai, ataH 'prANAtipAta Adi jina-jina se karmabandha hotA hai, unakA vaha zamana (virati) karatA hai, unase dUra rahatA hai| krodhAdi kaSAyoM evaM rAgadveSa Adi kA zamana karatA hai| kaSAyoM ke kAraNa se dUra rahakara 'samana' samatva meM sthita rahatA hai| bhikSu' - ___'mAhana' aura zramaNa ke varNita guNoM se saMyukta bhikSu meM anya viziSTa guNa bhI haiM-vaha anunnata (nirabhimAnI) ho, (guru Adi ke prati) vinIta ho, (athavA jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi ke prati vinayazIla ho), kintu bhAva se avanata (dIna manavAlA) na ho, nAmaka (vinaya se, aSTa prakAra se apanI AtmA ko namAne vAlA, athavA sabake prati namra vyavahAravAlA) ho, dAnta ho, bhavya ho, kAyamamatva rahita ho, nAnA prakAra ke parISahoM aura upasargoM kA samabhAvapUrvaka sAmanA karake sahane vAlA ho, adhyAtma yoga (dharmadhyAna) se jisakA cAritra (AdAna) zuddha ho, jo saccAritra pAlana meM udyata-upasthita ho, jo sthitAtmA (sthitaprajJa athavA jisakI AtmA apane zuddha bhAva meM sthita hai, yA mokSa mArga meM sthiracitta) ho tathA saMsAra kI asAratA jAnakara jo paradatta bhojI (gRhastha dvArA pradatta AhAra se nirvAha karane vAlA) ho, usa sAdhu ko 'bhikSu' kahanA caahie| ___ ukta sUtra meM bhikSu ke viziSTa guNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| bhikSu kA sAmAnya artha hai-bhikssaajiivii| parantu tyAgI bhikSu na to bhIkha mA~gane vAlA hotA hai, na hI vaha pezevara bhikhArI aura na hI bhikSA se peTa pAlakara apane zarIra ko hRSTapuSTa banAkara, AlasI evaM nikammA banakara par3e rahanA usakA uddezya hotA hai| jaba hama bhikSu ke viziSTa guNAtmaka svarUpa kI samIkSA karate haiM to bhikSu ke lie nirdiSTa sabhI viziSTa guNa yathArtha siddha hote haiN| nirgrantha bhikSu kA viziSTa guNa hai'prdttbhojii|' isakA rahasya yaha hai ki bhikSu ahiMsA kI dRSTi se na to svayaM bhojana pakAtA hai yA pakavAtA hai| na hI aparigraha kI dRSTi se bhojana kA saMgraha 1. sUtrakRta. 16.636

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(230) karatA hai| na bhojana kharIdatA hai, kharIdavAtA hai, na kharIdA huA letA hai| isI prakAra acaurya kI dRSTi se gRhastha ke yahA~ ke bhojana ko binA pUche uThAkara na lAtA hai, na chInakara, curAkara, yA lUTakara letA hai| vaha nirAmiSabhojI gRhasthavarga ke yahA~ se unake lie banAe hue AhAra meM bhikSA ke niyamAnusAra gRhastha dvArA prasannatApUrvaka diyA gayA thor3A-sA eSaNIya, kalpanIya aura ucita padArtha letA hai| ___ isake atirikta yahA~ anya viziSTa guNa bhI darzAye haiM-(1) anunnata (2) nAvanata (3) vinIta (4) daaNt| anunnata Adi ye guNa isalie Avazyaka hai ki jaba koI sAdhaka bhikSA ko apanA adhikAra yA AjIvikA kA sAdhanA banA letA hai, taba usameM abhimAna A jAtA hai, vaha uddhata hokara gRhasthoM (anuyAyiyoM) para dhauMsa jamAne lagatA hai, bhikSA na dene para zrApa yA aniSTa kara dene kA bhaya dikhAtA hai, yA bhikSA dene ke lie davAba DAlatA hai athavA dInatA hInatA yA karuNatA dikhAkara bhojana letAhai, athavA bhikSA na milane para apanI namratA chor3akara gA~va, nagara yA usa gRhastha ko kosane yA apazabdoM se dhikkArane lagatA hai athavA jihvA Adi para saMyama na rakhakara sarasa, svAdiSTa, pauSTika vastu kI lAlasAvaza sampannagharoM meM tAka-jhAka karatA hai, aMgArAdi doSoM kA sevanakara apanI jitendriyatA ko kho baiThatA hai| ataH bhikSu ko anunnata, nAvanata (adIna), nAmaka (vinItayA namra) evaM dA~ta honA Avazyaka hai| ___4. bhikSu apane saccAritra pAlana meM udyata rahe, usI kA dhyAna rakhe, cintana kare, apane zarIra aura una se sambandhita vastuoM ke cintana meM mana ko pravRtta na kre| ___ aMtima do vizeSaNa bhikSu kI vizeSatA sUcita karate haiM-1. adhyAtmayogazuddhAdAna aura 2. nAnA parISahopasarga sahiSNu kaI bhikSu bhikSA na milane yA mano'nukUla na milane para ArtadhyAna yA raudradhyAna karane lagate haiM, yaha bhikSu kA patana hai, use dharmadhyAnAdi rUpa adhyAtmayoga se apane caritra ko zuddha rakhane, ratnatrayArAdhanApradhAna cintana karane kA prayatna karanA caahiye| sAtha hI bhikSATana ke daurAna koI parISaha yA upasarga A par3e to usa samaya mana meM dainya yA saMyama se palAyana kA vicAra na lAkara usa parISaha yA upasarga ko samabhAva se sahana karanA hI bhikSu kA guNa hai| nirgrantha - pUrvakathita bhikSu guNoM ke atirikta nirgrantha ke kucha viziSTa guNoM kA nirdeza 1. vahI 16.637

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(231) kiyA hai-jo sAdhaka eka (dravya se sahAyaka rahita akelA aura bhAva se rAgadveSarahita ekAkI AtmA) ho, jo ekavetA (yaha AtmA paraloka meM ekAkI jAtA hai, ise bhalI bhA~ti jAnatA ho yA ekamAtra mokSa yA saMyama ko hI jAnatA ho, jo buddha (vastutattvajJa) ho, jo sacchinna srota (jisane AsravoM ke srota-dvAra baMda kara diye) ho, jo susamita(pAMca samitiyoM se yukta) ho, jo susAmAyika yukta (zatru-mitra Adi para samabhAva rakhatA) ho, jo AtmavAda-prApta (AtmA ke nityAnitya Adi samagra svarUpa kA yathArtha rUpa se jJAtA) ho, to jo samasta padArthoM ke svabhAva ko jAnatA ho, jisane dravya aura bhAva donoM taraha se saMsAragamana srota (mArga) ko baMda kara diyA ho, jo pUjA, satkAra evaM dravyAdika ke lAbha kA abhilASI nahIM ho, jo ekamAtra dharmArthI aura dharmavettA ho, jisane niyAga (mokSamArga yA satsaMyama) ko saba prakAra se svIkAra (prApta) kara liyA ho, jo samatva meM vicaraNa karatA ho, isa prakAra jo sAdhu dAnta,bhavya ho aura kAyA se Asakti haTA cukA ho, use nirgrantha kahanA caahiye| prastuta sUtra meM vibhinna pahaluoM se nirgrantha kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| nirgrantha vaha hai jo bAhya Abhyantara granthiyoM se rahita ho| sahAyakatA yA rAgadveSayuktatA, sAMsArika sajIva nirjIva para padArthoM ko apane mAnakara sukha prApti yA svArthapUrti kI AzA rakhanA, vastutatva kI anabhijJatA, AsravadvAroM ko na rokanA, mana aura indriyoM para asaMyama-paravazatA, zatrumitra Adi para rAgadveSAdi viSama-bhAva, AtmA ke sacce svarUpa ko na jAnakara zarIrAdi ko hI AtmA samajhanA, dravyabhAva se saMsAra-srota ko khulA rakhanA, pUjA, satkAra yA dravya Adi ke lAbha kI AkAMkSA karanA Adi ye granthiyA~ hai, jinase nirgrantha samApta ho jAtI hai| bAhya-Abhyantara gAMThe nirgrantha jIvana ko khokhalA banA detI hai| isIlie zAstrakAra ne nirgrantha ke lie eka, ekavit, buddha, sacchinna srota, susaMyata, susamita, susAmAyati, AtmavAdaprApta, srotaparicchinna, apUjA-satkAralAbhArthI Adi viziSTa guNa anivArya batAye haiN| kyoMki guNoM se tattvoM kA parijJAna hone para hI saMga, saMyoga, sambandha, sahAyaka, sukha-duHkha-pradAtA Adi kI granthi TUTatI hai| sAtha hI vidheyAtmaka guNoM ke rUpa meM dharmArthI, dharmavettA, niyAgapratipanna, samatvacArI Adi viziSTa guNoM kA bhI vidhAna kiyA hai jo rAgadveSa, vaira, moha, hiMsAdi pApoM kI granthi se bcaaegaa| vAstava meM nirgranthatva ke ina guNoM se suzobhita sAdhu hI nirgrantha kahalAne kA adhikArI hai|

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(232) ye saba bhinna-bhinna zabda vibhinna pravRtti nimittaka hote hue bhI kaMthacit ekArthaka hai, paraspara avinAbhAvI hai| isake atirikta yati, muni Adi paryAyeM bhI sAdhu kI hI hai| (2) sAdhu ke guNa-(vidhi niSedharUpa meM) jaina paraMparA meM sAdhu pada ke adhikArI meM kucha yogyatAoM ko AvazayakIya mAnA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki sAdhu banane se pUrva kucha guNoM kA honA anivArya hai, tabhI vaha sAdhutva ko prApta kara sakatA hai| ye guNa 'mUla guNa' kahalAte haiM, arthAt atyanta aavshyk| zvetAmbara paraMparA meM ye guNa 27 haiM, to digambara paraMparA ye guNa 28 mAnya karatI hai| tattvArtha sUtra evaM mUlAcAra nAmaka graMtha ina guNoM para acchA prakAza DAlate haiN| zvetAmbara paraMparA mAnya 27 guNa' - 1. prANAtipAta viramaNa vrata saMyukta 2. mRSAvAda viramaNa vrata saMyukta 3. adattAdAna viramaNa vrata saMyukta 4. maithuna viramaNa vrata saMyukta 5. parigraha viramaNa vrata saMyukta 6. rAtribhojana viramaNa vrata saMyukta 7. pRthvIkAya rakSaka 8. apkAya rakSaka 9. teukAya rakSaka 10. vAyukAya rakSaka 11. vanaspatikAya rakSaka 12. trasakAya rakSaka 13. ekendriya jIva rakSaka 14. beindriya jIva rakSaka 1. navapada ArAdhanA vidhi. pR. 35

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(233) 15. teindriya jIva rakSaka 16. caurindriya jIva rakSaka 17. paMcendriya jIva rakSaka 18. lobha nigraha kAraka 19. kSamA guNa yukta 20. zubha bhAvanA bhAvaka 21. pratilekhAnAdi zuddha kriyA kAraka 22. saMyama yoga yukta 23. manogupti yukta 25. kAyagupti yukta 26. zItAdi dvAviMzati parISaha sahane meM tatpara 27. maraNAMta upasarga sahane meM tatpara anya prakAra se bhI ye guNa upalabdha hote haiM1-5. paMcamahAvrata 6. arAtri bhojana 7-11. pA~coM indriyoM kA saMyama 12. Antarika pavitratA 13. bhikSu upAdhi kI pavitratA 14. kSamA 15. anAsakti 16. mana kI satyatA 17. vacana kI satyatA 18. kAyA kI satyatA 1. bolasaMgraha bhAga-7 pR. 228

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(234) 19-24. cha prakAra ke prANiyoM kA saMyama arthAt unakI hiMsA na krnaa| 25. tIna gupti 26. sahanazIlatA 27. saMlekhanA ina donoM prakAroM meM sAmya-vaiSamya hai| isI prakAra samavAyAMga sUtra meM bhI ina 27 guNoM kA ullekha hai', jo ki inase kiMcit bhinnatva lie hue haiM 1-5. paMca mahAvrata 6-10. pA~ca indriyoM kA saMyama 11-15. cAra kaSAyoM kA parityAga 16. bhAva satya 17. karaNa satya 18. yoga satya 19.kSamA 20. virAgatA 21-24. mana, vacana, kAyA kA nirodha 25. jJAna-darzana-cAritra se sampannatA 26. kaSTa sahiSNutA 27. maraNAnta kaSTa sahanA karanA kucha bhinnatA ke atirikta sabhI guNa samAna hI upalabdha hote haiN| digambara paraMparA mAnya 28 guNa - 1-5. paMca mahAvrata 6-10. pA~ca indriyoM kA saMyama 11-15. pA~ca samitiyoM kA paripAlana 16-21. SaDAvazyaka kRtya 1. mUlAcAra 1.2.3, tattvArtha 9.48

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(235) 22. keza loMca 23. nagnatA 24. asnAna 25. bhUzayana 26. adanta dhAvana 27. khar3e-khar3e bhojana karanA 28. eka bhukti-eka samaya bhojana karanA yahA~ digambara paraMparA ke ina guNoM meM bAhyAcAra para vizeSa bala diyA hai, kintu zvetAmbara paraMparA meM bAhya AcaraNa kI apekSA sAdhaka hI Antarika vizuddhi kA atyadhika mahattva darzAyA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA lakSya isase puSTa hotA hai| vidhyAtmaka guNa(ka) 18000 zIla guNoM ke dhAraka 18000 zIla ke guNoM ke dhAraka sAdhu hai| ye 18000 zIlaguNa nimna prakAra se haiMtIna prakAra kI acetana striyA~ - mana, vacana va kAya * kRta, kArita, anumodanA x pA~ca indriyA x cAra kaSAya = 720; tIna prakAra kI cetanA striyA~ x mana, vacana, kAya - kRta, kArita, anumodana x pA~ca indriyA~ x cAra saMjJA x solaha kaSAya = 17280 = 18000 isa prakAra ye brahmacarya kI virAdhanA ke 18000 aMga haiN| inake tyAga se sAdhu ko 18,000 zIla guNa kahe jAte haiM / athavA mana, vacana, kAyA-kI zubha kriyA rUpa tIna yoga inhIM kI azabhu pravRtti rUpa tIna karaNa, cAra saMjJA, pA~ca indriya, pRthvI Adi dasa prakAra ke jIva dasa dharma 18000 zIla guNa kahe gaye haiN| athavA mana, vacana, kAyA-kI zubha kriyA rUpa tIna yoga x inhIM kI azubha pravRtti rUpa tIna karaNa x cAra saMjJA x pA~ca indriya x pRthvI Adi dasa prakAra ke jIva dasa dharma 18,000 zIla guNa kahe gaye haiN| (kha) 84,000,00 uttara guNoM ke dhAraka sAdhu sAdhu ke 84,000,00 uttara guNa nimna prakAra ke haiM pA~ca pApa, cAra kaSAya, jugupsA, bhaya, rati, arati ye 13 doSa + mana, vacana, kAya duSTatA, 3 + mithyAtva, pramAda pizunatva, ajJAna, pA~ca indriyoM kA nigraha ye

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(236) . pA~ca = 21 / ina 21 doSoM kA tyAga 21 guNa haiN| ye uparokta 21 guNa x atikrama, vyatikrama, aticAra, anAcAra ye cAra x pRthvI Adi 100 jIva samAsa x 10 zIla. virAdhanA x 10 AlocanA ke doSa x 10 dharma 84000,00 uttara guNa hote haiN|' (ga) yoga saMgraha - yoga arthAt mana, vacana aura kaayaa| ina tInoM prakAra ke yogoM kA saMgraha 32 prakAra kA hai| ina battIsa prakAra ke saMgraha se yogAbhyAsa acchI taraha ho pAtA hai| ye 32 kAryoM ko yogiyoM ke hRdayakoza meM saMgraha yogya hone se inako yogasaMgraha kahA gayA hai| ye 32 nimna hai___ 1. doSa lagane para turanta guru se nivedana kre| 2. ziSya kA aparAdha guru anya se prakAzita na kre| 3. kaSTa par3ane para bhI dharma meM dRr3ha rhe| 4. tapasyA karake isa loka meM yaza-mahimA kI, sukha kI icchA na kare tathA paraloka meM devapada Adi kI vAMchA na kre| 5. AsevanA' (jJAnAbhyAsa saMbaMdhI), grahaNA' (AcAra-gocarI saMbaMdhI), 'zikSA' (sIkha) koI kahe to use hitakArI maane| 6. zarIra kI zobhA, vibhUSA na kre| 7. gupta tapa kare (gRhastha ko patA na cale ki sAdhu ke tapa hai), lobha na kre| 8. jina-jina kuloM meM bhikSA lAne kA zrI vIra prabhu ne pharamAyA hai, una saba kuloM meM bhikSATana ke lie jaaye| 9. parISaha Ane para car3hate pariNAmoM se sahana kare parantu krodha na kre| 10. sadA saralatA se arthAt niSkapaTatA se vicaraNa kre| 11. saMyama (Atmadamana) kre| 12. samakita sahita arthAt zuddha zraddhAyukta rhe| 13. citta ko sthira kre| 14. jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra, vIryAcAra ina pA~coM AcAroM meM prvrte| 1. dravya pAhuDa TI. 9.8.18. 2. samavAyAMga sUtra : 32

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. (237) 15. vinaya arthAt namratA yukta vartana kre| 16. japa, tapa, kriyA anuSThAna meM sadA vIrya evaM parAkrama sphurita kre| 17. sadA vairAgyavaMta rhe| 18. nija AtmaguNoM (jJAna-darzana-cAritra) ko ratna ke khajAne ke sadRza baMdobasta karake surakSA kre| 19. pArzvastha arthAt zithila hue sAdhu ke pariNAmoM se sAvadhAna rahate hue sadaiva pariNAmoM se vRddhi karatA rhe| 20. upadeza evaM pravRtti se sadA saMvara meM puSTi hotI rhe| 21. nija Atma-durguNoM ko dUra karane meM prayatnazIla rhe| 22. kAma (zabda-rUpa saMbaMdhita), bhoga (gaMdha-rasa aura sparza saMbaMdhita) ke saMyoga milane para bhI lubdha na hove| 23. niyama, abhigraha, tyAga vairAgya kI hamezA yathAzakti vRddhi kre| 24. upadhi arthAt vastra, pAtra, ziSya Adi kA aMhakAra na kre| 25. mada, viSaya, kaSAya, nidrA evaM vikathA ina pA~ca pramAda kA tyAga kre| 26. mitabhASI hove evaM samayocita kriyAe~ kreN| dhyaave| 28. mana, vacana, kAyA kA sadA zubha kArya meM pravartana kre| 29. maraNAMtika kaSTa Ane para bhI pariNAma kI dhArA dharma meM sthira rkheN| 30. sarva saMga kA tyAga kre| ___31. guru ke samakSa AlocanA, niMdA kare arthAt apane gupta pApoM kA prakAza karake prAyazcita le aura apanI AtmA kI niMdA kre| 32. AhAra aura zarIra kA bhI tyAga karake samAdhibhAva meM dohotsarga kre| isa prakAra ina battIsa yogoM meM sAdhu sadaiva prayatnazIla rahe, evaM saMgraha karake sadaiva hRdaya meM dhAraNa kre| yathAzakti ina pariNAmoM meM puruSArtha karatA huA pravRtti karatA rhe|

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(238) niSedhAtmaka guNa(a) 52 anAcaraNa vizuddha saMyama pAlana hetu sAdhu ko dazavaikAlika sUtra meM nirdiSTa nimna bAvana anAcaraNoM kA tyAga karanA cAhie 1. uddezaka-AhAra, vastra, pAtra, sthAnaka Adi sAdhu ke nimitta banAyA ho, usakA upabhoga karanA anAcaraNa hai| 2. kRtagaDa-sAdhu ke lie koI bhI vastu kharIda kara lAI gaI ho| 3. nityapiMDa-eka ghara se nitya AhAra grahaNa kreN| 4. abhyahRta-sAdhu ke sanmukha lAkara AhAra de| 5. rAtribhakta-anna, pAnI, miSThAnna, mukhavAsa Adi rAtri ko grahaNa krnaa| 6. snAna-snAna na krnaa| deza va sarvasnAna kA tyAga krnaa| deza snAna arthAt hAtha-paira Adi dhonaa| sarvasnAna arthAt pUre zarIra se snAna krnaa| 7. gaMdha-caMdana, itra, Adi suMgadhita padArthoM kA binA kAraNa vilepana krnaa| 8. mAlya-puSpa, maNi, motI Adi kI mAlA dhAraNa krnaa| 9. vIyana-paMkhA, puTThA yA vastra Adi se havA krnaa| 10. snigdha-ghRta, taila, gur3a Adi kA saMcaya krnaa| 11. gihibhatta-gRhastha ke pAtra thAlI, kaTorA Adi meM bhojana krnaa| 12. rAyapiMDa-cakravarti Adi rAjAoM ke lie banAyA huA baliSTha AhAra kA bhojana athavA rAjA ke gRha kA bhojana krnaa| 13. kamicchika-dAnazAlA, sadAvrata Adi sthaloM se AhAra grahaNa krnaa| 14. saMbAhana-binA kAraNa zarIra para taila Adi kI mAliza kre| 15. daMtadhAvana-rAkha, maMjana Adi se dA~toM kI zobhA kre| 16. saMprazna-gRhastha yA asaMyati ko sukhazAtA puuche| 17. deha praloyana-kA~ca, pAnI Adi meM apanA ceharA dekhe| 18. aSTApada- aSTAMga nimitta prakAzita kre| 1. dazavaikAlika sUtra-adhya. 3

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(239) 19. nAlikA-tAza, caupar3a, zataraMja Adi khele| 20. chatra-chatarI dhAraNa kare, chatra dhre| 21. tigiccha-binA kAraNa bala-vRddhi ke lie auSadha sevana kre| 22. vAhanI-jUte, cappala, mojaDI Adi pairoM meM phne| 23. jotyAraMbha-dIpaka, cUlA Adi agni kA Arambha kre| 24.zayyAtarapiMDa-jisakI AjJA lekara yA jisake makAna meM nivAsa kiyA, usake yahA~ kA AhAra-pAnI Adi le| 25. AsaMdI-kursI, khATa, palaMga Adi para baitthe| 26. gRhAMtarazayyA-vRddhAvasthA, roga yA tapazcaryAdi meM kAraNa binA gRhastha ke yahA~ baitthe| 27. gAtramardana-pIThI Adi zarIra para lgaae| 28. gRhI veyAvRtya-gRhastha kA vaiyAvRtya kare yA unase kraave| 29. taptanivRtta-jisa bartana meM pAnI garma kiyA ho, vaha bartana Upara, nIce yA madhya meM garma na huA ho vaha pAnI le| 30. AturazaraNa-roga, duHkha, kaSTa Adi se ghabarA kara kuTumbiyoM kA zaraNa le| 31. jAtyAjIvI-jAti, saMbaMdha Adi batAkara AhAra Adi le| 32-45. mUla, adaraka, ikSukhaMDa, sUraNAdi, kaMda-mUla, jar3I, phala, bIja, saiMdhava, agara kA namaka, namaka, romadeza kA namaka, samudrIya namaka, pAMzukSAra, kAlAnamaka, ye caudaha vastu sacitta grahaNa kre| . 46. dhuvaNe-vastrAdi ko saMgudhI dravyoM kA dhUpa kheve| 47. vamana-binA kAraNa vamana kre| 48. vasati-bastIkarma kare (gudA dvArA pAnI yA davA prakSepa karake malotsarga kare) (enimA le)| 49. virecana-binA kAraNa julAba le| 50. aMjana-zobhA ke lie A~khoM meM kAjala, suramA Adi aMjana kre|

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(240) 51. daMtavaNe-dA~toM ko rNge| 52. gAtrabhaMga-kasarata, malla kuztI Adi kre| isa prakAra uparyukta 52 anAcaraNoM kA tyAga karake sAdhu zuddha saMyama kA pAlana kre| (ba) bIsa asAmadhi doSa' - saMyama meM asamAdhi utpanna karane meM nimna 20 doSa hai 2. prakAzita sthAna meM dRSTi se dekhe binA cale aura aprakAzita sthala para rajoharaNAdi se pUMje (pramArjana) binA clnaa| 3. pramArjana anya sthala para kare, cale anya sthAna pr| 4. pATa, paTTe Adi adhika sevana kre| 5. ratnAdhika-guNavanta ke sAmane bole| 6. sthavira (vRddha) Adi kI mauta icche| 7. sarva prANa, bhUta, jIva, sattva ke ghAta kI icchA kre| 8. bAta-bAta meM gussA kre| 9. niMdA kre| 10. bArambAra nizcaya bhASA (yaha kAma karU~gA, yahA~ jAU~gA) bole| 11. naye-naye jhagar3e paidA kreN| 12. purAne jhagar3oM ko ukhAr3e, gujarI gaI bAtoM ko punaH punaH yAda kare aura kSamA mA~gane para bhI lar3AI kre| 13. battIsa prakAra kI asajjhAyoM meM sajjhAya kre| ___ 14. rAste kI dhUla se sane pairoM (sacita raja se lipta) kA prarmAjana kiye binA Asana para baitthe| 15. rAtri ke aMtima prahara se sUryodaya paryanta jora se bole| 16. mRtyu hone jaisI lar3AI-jhagar3A kre| 1. dazAzrutaskaMdha adhya. 1.2

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(241) 17. kaTuvacana, apazabda bole| 18. sva-para ko, asamAdhi utpanna karane vAle vacana bole| 19. subaha se zAma taka khA-khA kare (vratAdi na kre)| 20. dUSita AhAra-pAnI grahaNa kreN| (kha) 21 sabala (bar3e) doSa' - 21 doSa jo ki balavAna hai, unakA sevana na karake tyAga karane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| doSa to sadaiva tyAjya hI hote haiM, kintu sabala doSa hone kI vajaha se, doSa vizeSa rUpase tyAgane yogya haiN| ve doSa nimna haiM 1. hasta karma krnaa| 2. maithuna sevana krnaa| 3. rAtri meM cAroM AhAra kA sevana krnaa| 4. rAjapiMDa (ati pauSTika AhAra ki jo rAjavaMzajoM ke lie banAyA gayA ho| jisameM zarAba, mAMsa Adi sammilita hoM) AhAra grahaNa krnaa| 5. AdhAkarmI AhAra (sAdhu ke nimitta nirmita kiyA gayA AhAra) sevana krnaa| 6. kIyagaDaM-kharIdA huA lenaa| pAmIcaM-udhAra liyA huA, achejaM-nirbala ke hAtha se chIna kara lenA, aNisiTuM-svAmI kI AjJA ke binA lenA, abhihaDaM-sanmukha lAkara deve ina pA~ca doSoM se yukta AhAra lenaa| 9. eka mahine meM 3 bar3I nadI pAra krnaa| 10. eka mahine meM 3 bAra kapaTa kare to| 11. zayyAtara ke ghara kA AhAra le to| (makAna meM utarane kI AjJA dene vAlA) 12-14. AkuTI (irAdApUrvaka) hiMsA kare, asatya bole, corI kare to| . 15. sacita pRthvI para baiThe to| 16. sacitta dhUla kI raja se yukta pATa, paTTe grahaNa kare to| 1. dazAzrutaskaMdha adhya. 1.2

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(242) 17. sar3e hue pATa ki jisameM jaMtuoM ke aMDe utpanna ho gaye hoM, vaisI prayoga meM le to| ___ 18. 'kaMda' (mUla-jar3a), 'khaMdha' (upara kA thar3a), 'zAkhA' bar3I DAlI, 'pratizAkhA' (choTI DAlI) 'tvacA' (chAla), 'pravAla' (koMpala), patte, phUla, bIja, harita, isa prakAra 10 kaccI vanaspati kA upayoga kare to| 19. eka varSa meM dasa bAra nadI pAra kare to|| 20. eka varSa meM dasa bAra mAyA sthAna sevana kare to| 21. sacitta pAnI se, harI vanaspati se yA aise koI sacitta padArtha se yukta bhojanavAlA AhAra-pAnI Adi grahaNa kare to| isa prakAra ye 21 sabala doSa hai| jisa prakAra nirbala vyakti zakti ke uparAMta bhAra uThAne para mara jAtA hai, usI prakAra ina 21 prakAra ke doSita kArya karane se saMyama rUpI dhana kA nAza hotA hai| (3) sAdhu : AcAra vidhAna SaDAvazyaka jisa prakAra vaidika paraMparA meM sandhyAkarma hai, bauddha paMraparA meM upAsanA hai, pArasiyoM meM khora deha avestA hai, yahUdI aura IsAIyoM meM prArthanA hai, islAma dharma meM namAja hai, usI prakAra jaina dharma meM guNoM kI abhivRddhi ke lie aura doSoM kI vizuddhi ke lie kucha kriyAeM Avazyaka hai| jaisA ki nAma hai-Avazyaka, vaisA hI isase tAtparya bhI yahI hai ki "jo avazya karaNIya hai vaha Avazyaka hai|" Avazyaka jaina sAdhanA kA mukhya aMga hai| isakA vidhAna sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA sabhI ke lie kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi isakA vidhAna saba ke lie kiyA hai, tathApi sAdhu ke lie to yaha anivArya hai| isa AcAra kA pAlana avazyaMbhAvI hai| gRhastha ko bhI yaha karanA cAhie, kintu akATya rUpa se unake lie vidhAna nhiiN| mAtra bAraha vratadhArI ke sAtha anivAryatA rakhI gaI hai| anya gRhasthI cAhe to kre| nahIM karane para unake lie koI prAyazcita nhiiN| 1. Ava. mUlya vRtti pa. 186, mUlAcAra adhi.7 2. Ava. vRtti gA. 2

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(243) sAdhu meM bhI prathama aura aMtima tIrthaMkara ke sAdhuoM ke lie yaha niyama hai ki ve anivArya rUpa se Avazyaka kreN| kintu madhya ke 22 tIrthakaroM ke lie anivAryatA nahIM, yadi kAraNa kA yoga hoto karanA caahiye| ye Avazyaka ubhayakAla kiye jAte haiN| jainAgamoM meM ye Avazyaka karma chaH mAna gaye haiM1. sAmAyika-samatAbhAva rkhnaa| 2. caturviMzatistava-caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti krnaa| 3. vaMdana-gurujanoM ko vaMdanA, unakA gunngaan| 4. pratikramaNa-sadAcAra meM lage hue doSoM kA prAyazcita krnaa| 5. kAyotsarga-citta ko ekAgra karake zarIra para se mamatva httaanaa| 6. pratyAkhyAna-AhAra Adi kA tyAga krnaa| 1. sAmAyika (sAvadya yoga virati)___Sar3Avazyaka meM sAmAyika kA prathama sthAna hai| yaha jaina AcAra kA hI nahIM caudaha pUrvo kA sAra hai| yaha samatva vRtti kI utkRSTa sAdhanA hai| samatva sAdhanA ke do pakSa haiM-1. bAhya rUpa se yaha sAvadha (pApakArI) pravRttiyoM kA tyAga hai tathA 2. Antarika rUpa meM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati AtmabhAva tathA sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa, lAbhaalAbha, niMdA-prazaMsA meM samabhAva rakhanA hai| vAstava meM samatA kA vikAsa jIvana kI pahalI AvazyakatA hai| jaba AtmA kI pariNati viSama hotI hai, taba asat pravRttiyA~ hotI hai aura jaba AtmA kI pravRtti sama hotI hai, taba asat pravRttiyA~ svataH niruddha ho jAtI hai| isa sama pariNati kA nAma hI sAmAyika hai| sAmAyika meM sAdhaka kI cittavRtti ekadama zAMta rahatI hai, isalie vaha navIna karmoM kA baMdha nahIM krtaa| AtmasvarUpa meM sthita rahane ke kAraNa jo karma zeSa rahe hue haiM, unakI vaha nirjarA kara letA haiN| isIlie AcArya haribhadra ne likhA hai ki sAmayika kI vizuddha sAdhanA se jIva ghAtikarmoM ko naSTa kara kevalajJAna ko prApta . kara letA hai| 1. A. ni. gA.1244 3. uttara 29.8-13 5. niyamAsAra 125 7. aSTaka prakaraNa 30.1 2. Ava. malaya.TIkA pa.86 4. vizeSA. bhA.gA. 2796 6. uttarA. 19.90-91

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(244) isa prakAra jisake dvArA para-pariNati (bAhya mukhatA) se Atma-pariNati (antarmukhatA) kI ora jAyA jAtA hai,vahI sAmAyika hai| ___ isa samatva kI sAdhanA kI carcA donoM paraMparAoM meM Alekhita hai| bauddha darzana meM bhI yaha samatva vRtti svIkRta hai| dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai ki saba pApoM ko nahIM karanA aura citta ko samatvavRtti meM sthApita karanA hI buddha kA upadeza hai| gItA ke anusAra sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi , sukha-duHkha, lohakaMcana, priya-apriya aura niMdA-stuti, mAna-apamAna, zatru-mitra meM samabhAva aura sAvadya (Arambha) kA parityAga hI naitika jIvana kA lakSaNa hai| zrIkRSNa arjuna ko yahI upadeza dete haiM ki he arjuna, tU anukUla aura pratikUla sabhI sthitiyoM meM samabhAva dhAraNa kr| sAdhaka cAhe vaha gRhastha ho yA sAdhu samatva kI sAdhanA karake hI AtmakalyANa kara sakatA hai| vyAvahArika pakSa ho yA naizciyika jIvana tathA AtmA meM guNoM kA AdhAna samatA ke dvArA hotA hai| gRhastha sAdhaka ke lie vyavahAra se sAmAyika vrata do ghaDI (48 miniTa) ke lie hotI hai nizcaya meM samatva vRtti yA samatA bhAva hI sAmAyika hai| niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM vaha sAvadhayoga (pApakArI kAryoM) se virati hai to vidhirUpa se vaha samatva kI sAdhanA hai-mana, vacana aura kAyA se| caturviMzatistava (utkIrtana) jaina paraMparA meM bhakti kA mahattva rahA hai, kintu usakA saMbaMdha sarva zaktisaMpanna sattA se nhiiN| caturviMzatistava bhakti sAhitya kI eka viziSTa racanA hai| usameM kisI zakti ko prasanna karane va usase kucha pAne ke lie bhakti nahIM kI jAtI, kintu usakA prayojana vItarAgatA ke prati hotA hai| kAlacakra ke vartamAna khaNDa meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara hue| ve saba svayaM vItarAga aura vItarAga-dharma ke pravartaka the| isalie unakI stuti Avazyaka meM sammilita kI gii| isase jIva darzana kI vizuddhi karatA hai| 1. gommaTasAra, jIvakANDa (TIkA) 368.' 2. dhammapada 183 3. gItA 6.32 4. vahI 14.24.25 5. gItA 2.49 6. uttarA 29.9

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(245) isa Avazyaka meM jo jaina tIrthakaroM kI stuti kA vidhAna kiyA hai, usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unake guNoM kA cintana karake apanI antazcetanA ko jAgRta karanA caahiye| . tIrthaMkara sAdhanAmArga ke Aloka-stambha hai| jaise Aloka-stambha jahAja kA patha pradarzana karatA hai, para calane kA kArya to jahAja kA hI hai| vaise hI sAdhanA kI ora pragati karanA sAdhaka kA kArya hai| jaina dRSTi se bhakti kA lakSya apane-Apa kA sAkSAtkAra hai| caturviMzatistava se aneka lAbha hai| usase zraddhA parimArjita hotI hai, samyaktva vizuddha hotA hai| upasarga aura parISahoM ko samabhAva se sahana karane kI zakti vikasita hotI hai aura tIrthaMkara banane kI pavitra preraNA mana meM udbaddha hotI hai| isalie SaDAvazyakoM meM tIrthaMkara stuti yA caturviMzatistava ko sthAna diyA gyaa| 3. vandana (guNavat pratipatti) vandana arthAt guru upaasnaa| yaha tIsarA Avazyaka hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM tIrthaMkara ke pazcAt dUsarA sthAna guru kA hai| deva ke pazcAt guru ko namana kiyA jAtA hai| unakA stavana, abhivAdana kiyA jAtA hai| vandana mana, vacana aura kAyA kA prazasta vyApAra hai, jisake dvArA pratha-pradarzaka guru evaM viziSTa sAdhanArata sAdhakoM ke prati zraddhA aura Adara prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| vaMdana kise kiyA jAye ? AcArya bhadrabAhU ne spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza kiyA hai ki "guNahIna evaM durAcArI avaMdya vyakti ko vaMdana karane se na to karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai na kIrti hii| pratyut asaMyama aura durAcAra kA anumodana hone se karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai| aisA vaMdana vyartha kA kAryakleza hai| isake atirikta yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki "jo vyakti apane zreSTha janoM se vaMdana karavAtA hai, vaha asaMyama meM vRddhi karake apanA adha: patana karatA hai| spaSTa hai jaina paraMparA meM cAritra evaM guNoM se susaMpanna hI vaMdanIya hai| pratyeka Avazyaka ke pUrva evaM pazcAt guru kI vaMdanA avazyakaraNIya batalAI hai| 1. Ava. ni. 1108 2. Ava. ni. 1109 3. uddhRta-samAcArI

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(246) vaMdana Avazyaka kA phala batalAyA hai ki "guruvaMdanA se jIva nIcagotra karma kA kSaya karake uccagotra karma kA baMdha karatA hai, aura apratihata saubhAgyavAlA tathA saphala AjJAvAlA hotA huA sarvatra Adara prApta karatA hai| vaMdana karane se ahaMkAra naSTa hotA hai, vinaya kI upalabdhi hotI hai| sadguruoM ke prati ananya zraddhA vyakta hotI hai| AjJA pAlana hone se zuddha dharma kI ArAdhanA hotI hai| ataH sAdhaka ko satat jAgarUka rahakara vaMdana rahanA caahiye| uttarAdhyana meM isakI puSTi kI gaI hai "vaMdana karane se vyakti lokapriyatA prApta karatA hai|"2 jaina paraMparA ke samAna bauddha evaM vaidika paraMparA meM bhI vaMdana ko mahattvapUrNa sthAnaM Avazyaka ke samAna varNita kiyA hai| dhammapada meM ullekha hai ki "puNya kI icchA se kiyA vyakti kA varSabhara meM yajJa aura havana kA phala puNyAtmAoM ke abhivAdana ke phala kA caturtha bhAga bhI nahIM hai| ataH sarala mAnasa vAle mahAtmAoM ko namana karanA caahiye| sadA vRddhoM kI sevAkarane vAle aura abhivAdanazIla puruSa kI cAra vastueM vRddhi ko prApta hotI hai-Ayu, saundarya, sukha aura bl|3 vaidika paraMparA meM bhI vadaMna sadguNoM kI vRddhi ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM navadhAbhakti kA ullekha hai| usa navadhAbhakti meM vaMdana bhI bhakti kA eka prakAra batAyA gayA hai| zrImad bhagavadgItA meM 'mAM namaskuru' kahakara zrIkRSNa ne vaMdana ke lie bhaktoM ko utprerita kiyA hai| isa prakAra sarva paraMparAoM meM vaMdana' ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| jaina paraMparA meM isakI gaNanA Avazyaka meM karake isake gaurava meM vRddhi kI hai| 4. pratikramaNa (skhalitanindanA-pApoM kI AlocanA)__pratikramaNa jaina paraMparA kA eka viziSTa prakriyA zabda hai| jisakA zAbdika artha hai-punaH lauTanA evaM AcArya hemacaMdra ke anusAra zabhu yogoM meM se azabhu yogoM meM gaye hue apane Apako punaH zubha yogoM meM lauTA lAnA pratikramaNa hai| hama 1. uttarA. 29.10 2. vahI 29.10 3. dhamma pada 109 4. munismRti 2.121 5. zrImadbhAgavata purANa 7.5.23 6. gItA 18.65 7. yogAzAstra, tRtIya prakAza svopajJavRtti

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(247) apanI maryAdAoM kA atikramaNa kara, apanI svabhAva dazA se nikalakara vibhAva dazA meM cale gaye, ataH punaH svabhAva ke prati Agamana karanA pratikramaNa hai| jo pApa mana, vacana aura kAyA se svayaM kiye jAte haiM, dUsaroM se karavAye jAte haiM evaM dUsaroM ke dvArA kiye hue pApoM kA anumodana kiyA jAtA hai, una sabhI pApoM kI nivRtti hetu, kiye gaye pApoM kI AlocanA karanA, niMdA karanA pratikramaNa hai| ___ Avazyaka sUtra kI niyukti, cUrNi, vRtti Adi graMthoM meM isakI vistRtacarcA kI gaI hai| sAdhAraNatayA yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki pratikramaNa atItakAla meM lage hue doSoM kI parizuddhi ke lie hai| parantu AcArya bhadrabAhu' evaM. A. haribhadra ne nirdeza kiyA hai ki "pratikramaNa kevala atItakAla meM lage doSoM kI hI parizuddhi nahIM karatA, apitu vaha vartamAna aura bhaviSya ke doSoM kI bhI zuddhi karatA hai| atItakAla meM lage hue doSoM kI zuddhi to pratikramaNa meM kI jAtI hI hai| vartamAna meM bhI sAdhaka saMvara sAdhanA meM lagA rahane se pApoM se nivRtta ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI pratikramaNa meM vaha pratyAkhyAna grahaNa karatA hai, jisase bhAvI doSoM se bhI baca sakatA hai| bhUtakAla ke azubha yoga se nivRtti, vartamAna meM zubha yoga meM pravRtti aura bhaviSya meM bhI zubha yoga meM pravRtti karuMgA, isa prakAra vaha saMkalpa karatA hai|" kAla kI dRSTi se pratikramaNa pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai1. daivasika-dina ke aMta meM kiyA jAne vAlA pratikramaNa daivasika hai| 2. rAtrika-rAtri meM lage doSoM kA rAtri ke aMta meM kiyA jAne vAlA prtikrmnn| 3. pAkSika-paMdraha dina ke aMta meM amAvasyA aura pUrNimA ko athavA caturdazI ke dina saMpUrNa pakSa meM Acarita pApoM kA pratikramaNa krnaa| ____4. cAturmAsika-cAra cAra mAha ke pazcAt kArtikI caudasa/pUrNimA, phAlgunI caudasa/pUrNimA, ASAr3hI caudasa/pUrNimA ke dina cAra mahine meM lage hue doSoM kI AlocanA kara pratikramaNa karanA cAturmAsika pratikramaNa hai| 5. sAMvatsarika-pratyeka varSa saMvatsarI mahAparva ke dina varSa bhara ke pApoM kA cintana kara unakI AlocanA karanA sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa hai| bhAdravA zuklA caturthI/paMcamI ko yaha mahAparva AtA hai| 1. Ava. ni. sA 2. Ava. hAribhadrIya vRtti

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(248) isa prakAra pratikramaNa jaina sAdhanA kA prANatattva hai, jo ki sAdhaka ke jIvana kI apUrva kriyA hai| bauddha evaM vaidika paraMparA meM samAna rUpa se ise mahattva diyA gayA hai| vAstava meM yaha paraMparA nyUnAdhika rUpa se saba paraMparAoM meM rahI hai| bauddha paraMparA meM pravAraNA bauddha paraMparA meM pratikramaNa ke sthAna para pratikarma, pravAraNA aura pApadezanA nAma prApta hote haiN| udAna meM ullekha hai ki "jIvana kI nirmalatA evaM divyatA ke lie pApadezanA Avazyaka hai| pApa ke AcaraNa kI AlocanA karane se bhAra halkA ho jAtA hai| bauddha AcAra-darzana meM pravAraNA ke nAma se pAkSika pratikramaNa kI paraMparA svIkAra kI gaI hai| bodhicaryAvatAra meM to AcArya zAMtideva ne pApa dezanA ke rUpa meM dina aura rAtri meM tIna-tIna bAra pravAraNA kA ullekha kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki tIna bAra rAta meM aura tIna bAra dina meM triskandha (pApadezanA, puNyAnumodanA aura bodhi pariNAmanA) kI AvRtti karanI caahiye| isase anajAna meM huI ApattiyoM kA usase zamana ho jAtA hai| punaH unakA kathana hai ki jo bhI prakRti sAvadha aura prajJapti sAvadha pApa mujha abodha mUr3ha ne kamAye, una sabakI dezanA, duHkha se ghabarAkara, maiM prabhuoM ke sAmane hAtha jor3akara bArambAra praNAma karatA huuN| he nAyakoM, aparAdha ko aparAdha ke rUpa meM grahaNa kro| he prabhuoM, maiM yaha pApa phira na kruuNgaa| jaina paraMparA ke anusAra ke 25 mithyAtva, 14 jJAnAticAra, 18 pApa sthAna kA AcaraNa athavA mUlaguNa kA bhaMga prakRti sAvadha haiM, kyoMki inase darzana, jJAna cAritra kA mUloccheda hotA hai evaM vrata va pratijJA meM lagane vAle doSa yA skhalanAeM prajJapti sAvadha hai| pravAraNA ke lie yaha bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai ki vaha saMgha ke sAnidhya meM hI ho| isa prakAra bauddha paraMparA meM pratikramaNa rUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai| vaidika paraMparA vaidika paMraparA meM pratikramaNa kI bhAMti saMdhyA karane kA vidhAna hai, jo ki prAta:kAla evaM sAyaMkAla donoM samaya kI jAtI hai| kRSNayajurveda meM jisa maMtra kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha pratikramaNa vidhi kA saMkSipta svarUpa hI hai| usameM 1. udAna 5.5 2. bodhicaryAvatAra 5.98 3. vahI 2.64-66

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(249) saMkalpa hai ki maiM Acarita pApoM ke kSaya ke lie paramezvara ke prati usa upAsanA ko saMpanna karatA huuN| isakA maiM visarjana karatA huuN| isI prakAra pArasI dharma meM bhI pApoM ko prakaTa karane kA vidhAna hai| IsAI dharma meM bhI pApoM kA pragaTana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra pratikramaNa AlocanA kA svarUpa prAyaH sarva dharmoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 5. kAyotsarga (vraNa cikitsA) jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM kAyotsarga kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM do zabda haikAya aura utsrg| inakA artha hai-zarIra kA tyAga krnaa| zarIra tyAga se yahA~ tAtparya hai-daihika caMcalatA aura dehAsakti kA tyAga arthAt zarIra se mamatva ko chor3akara tathA sva svarUpa meM lIna hokara nizcala honaa| AcArya bhadrabAhU kA kathana hai ki kAyotsarga kI sthiti meM sAdhaka ko yadi koI bhaktibhAva se caMdana lagAe yA koI dveSa pUrvaka basUle se zarIra kA chedana kare, cAhe usakA jIvana rahe yA mRtyu kA varaNa karanA par3e.- vaha saba sthitiyoM meM sama rahatA hai| tabhI kAyotsarga vizuddha hotA hai| kAyotsarga ke samaya deva, mAnava aura tiryaJca saMbaMdhI sabhI prakAra ke upasarga upasthiti hone para jo sAdhaka unako samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karatA hai, usI kA kAyotsarga vastutaH sahI kAyotsarga hai| kAyotsarga kyoM kiyA jAye ? isakA samAdhAna hai ki 'saMyamI jIvana ko adhikAdhika pariSkRta karane ke lie, AtmA ko mAyA, mithyAtva aura nidAna zalya se mukta karane ke lie, pApa karmoM ke nirghAta ke lie kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| __yaha eka prakAra kA tapa bhI hai| isa prakAra pratikramaNa ke sadRza kAyotsarga se sAdhaka atIta evaM vartamAna ke doSoM kA zodhana karatA hai, phira prAyazcita se vizuddha hokara karmabhAra se halkA ho jAtA hai| tadanantara vaha cintArahita hokara zubha (prazasta) dhyAna meM lagA huA sUkhapUrvaka vicaraNa krtaahai| isa kAyotsarga ko saba prakAra ke duHkhoM se chur3Ane vAlA bhI kahA gayA hai| vastutaH kAyotsarga dhyAna-sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga hone se ise SaDAvazyaka meM sammilita kiyA hai| 1. kRSNa yajurveda-darzana aura cintana bhAga-2 pR.198 se uddhRta 2. khoradeha avastA pR. 4/23-24 3. Ava.ni.gA. 1548-49 4. Avazyaka sUtra-tassauttarI sUtra 5. uttarA. 26.39 6. vahI 29.13

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(250) bauddha paraMparA meM bhI ise svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AcArya zAMtarakSita ke kathanAnusAra saba dehadhAriyoM ko jaise sukha vaise yaha zarIra maiMne nyauchAvara kara diyA hai| ve aba cAhe isakI hatyA kareM, nindA kareM athavA isa para dhUla pharke, cAhe khele, aura vilAsa kreN| mujhe isakI kyA cintA? maiMne zarIra unheM de DAlA hai| yahA~ isa kathana meM kAyotsarga kI jhalaka milatI hai| vipazyanA Adi meM bhI deha ke prati mamatva haTAne kI sAdhanA hai| vaidika paramparA meM gItA kA dhyAna-yoga isI ko puSTa karatA hai| gItA meM ullekha hai ki zuddha bhUmi meM kuzA, mRgachAlA aura vastra hai, uparopari apane Asana ko na ati U~cA aura na ati nIcA, sthira sthApita karake kAyA, sira aura grIvAko samAna aura acala dhAraNa kiye hue dRr3ha hokara apane nAsikA ke agrabhAga ko dekhakara anya dizAoM ko na dekhatA huA aura brahmacarya ke vrata meM sthira rahA huA, bhaya rahita aura acchI taraha se zAnta antaHkaraNavAlA aura sAvadhAna hokara, mana ko vaza meM karake mere meM lage hue cittavAlA aura mere meM parAyaNa huA sthita hove| isa prakAra sabhI paramparAoM meM prakArAntara se kAyotsarga vidhi ko apanAyA hai| kAyA kA bArabAra utsarga zArIrika, mAnasika aura Atmika dRSTi se lAbhadAyaka hai| 6. pratyAkhyAna (guNadhAraNa-Age ke lie tyAga, niyama grahaNa Adi) pratyAkhyAna zabda kA artha hai-parityAga krnaa| yadyapi sAdhu sarva-virata hotA hai, tathApi AhArAdi kA amuka samaya vizeSa ke lie tyAga karanA pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka hai| isake karane se mana, vacana aura kAyA kI dUSita pravRttiyA~ rUka jAtI haiM aura phira karmoM kA AsravadvAra bhI baMda ho jAtA hai|' Avazyaka ke prakAroM meM pratyAkhyAna kA samAveza isaliye kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka Atmazuddhi ke lie pratidina yathAzakti kisI na kisI prakAra kA tyAga kre| niyamita tyAga karane se abhyAsa hotA hai, sAdhanA paripuSTa hotI hai aura jIvana meM anAsakti kA vikAsa aura tRSNA maMda hotI hai| isIlie bhadrabAhU svAmI ne Avazyaka niyukti meM ullekha kiyA hai ki pratyAkhyAna se saMyama hotA 1. bodhicaryAvatAra 3-12-13 2. gItA 6.11, 13-14 3. uttarA. 29.13

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. (251) hai| saMyama se Asrava kA nirundhana hotA hai aura Asrava ke nirundhana se tRSNA kA anta ho jAtA hai| tRSNA ke anta se anupama upazama bhAva utpanna hotA hai aura usase pratyAkhyAna, vizuddha banatA hai| upazamabhAva kI vizuddhi se cAritradharma prakaTa hotaahai| cAritra se karma nirjIrNa hote haiM aura usase kevalajJAna-darzana hotA hai, phalasvarUpa zAzvata mukti sukha prApta hotA hai| gItA meM pratyAkhyAna ke samAna tyAga kA vivecana upalabdha hai| yaha tyAga bhI tIna prakAra kA hai| 1. sAttvika-zAstravidhi se niyama kiyA huA karttavya-karma karate hue usameM Asakti aura phala kA tyAga kara denaa| ___ 2. rAjasa-sabhI karma duHkha rUpa haiM, aisA samajhakara zArIrika kleza ke bhaya se karmoM kA tyAga karanA rAjasa tyAga hai| 3. tAmasa-niyata karma kA tyAga karanA yogya nahIM hai, isalie moha se usakA tyAga karanA tAmasa tyAga hai| vAstava meM pratyAkhyAna amaryAdita jIvana ko maryAdita va anuzAsita banAtA hai| yaha tyAga ke saMbaMdha meM lI gaI pratiA yA Atmanizcaya hai| __ isa prakAra SaT AvazyakoM kA vidhAna prAyaH sabhI paramparAoM meM prakArAntara se varNita hai| jaina paramparA meM ina AvazyakoM kA jo krama rakhA gayA hai, vaha kAryakAraNa kI zrRMkhalA para avasthita hai tathA pUrNa vaijJAnika hai| sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama samatA ko prApta karanA Avazyaka hai| viSamabhAva se nivRtti ho jAne para samatva bhAva dhAraNa karane vAlA vItarAgI mahApuruSoM ke guNoM kA saMkIrtana karake unake udAtta guNoM ko jIvana meM utAratA hai| isalie sAmAyika ke pazcAt caturviMzatistava kA krama hai| taba sAdhaka bhakti meM vibhora hokara unako vaMdanA karatA hai| vaMdana karane vAle sarala AtmA kRta doSoM kI AlocanA karatA hai, ata:vaMdana ke pazcAt pratikramaNa Avazyaka kA nirUpaNa hai| usake pazcAt kAyotsarga se tana mana kI ekAgratA kI jAtI hai| sthiravRtti ke abhyAsa ke lie pratyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| isaliye AvazyakoM meM pratyAkhyAna chaThA hai| isa prakAra yaha SaDAvazyaka Atma nirIkSaNa, AtmaparIkSaNa aura AtmotkarSa kA zreSTha upAya hai| 1. Ava. ni. 1594 2. vahI 1595 3. vahI 1596 4. gItA 18.4, 7-9

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(252) (ka) samAcArI: viziSTa kriyAe~ samAcArI jaina saMskRti kA pAribhASika zabda haiN| vaha vizeSa kriyA kalApa jo sAdhuoM ke lie maulika niyamoM kI bhAMti vizeSa rUpa se pAlana karane hote haiM, ve samAcArI kahe jAte haiN| samyak dinacaryA bhI isakA artha ho sakatA hai| bhagavatI', sthAnAMga', uttarAdhyayana, meM isakA ullekha prApta hotA hai| yaha dasa prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| ise dasavidha cakravAla samAcArI bhI kahA jAtA hai| __ 1. AvazyakI-sAdhu Avazyaka kArya se hI apane upAzraya (nivAsa sthAna) se bAhara jAve, anyathA anAvazyaka AvAgamana na kre| 2. naiSedhikI-Avazyaka kArya ko karane ke pazcAt nivRtta hokara Ane para naiSidhikI kA uccAraNa kare yaha sthAna praveza kA dyotaka hai| 3. ApRcchA-apanA koI bhI kArya ho, gurujanoM se pUchanA, unakA Adeza nirdeza lenA yaha ApRcchA samAcArI hai| ___4. pratipRcchA-dUsare ke lie pUchanA pratipRcchA hai athavA punaH dUsarI bAra pUchanA pratipRcchA hai| 5. chandanA-apane dvArA lAye hue AhAra, vastra Adi ko AcArya, jyeSThazramaNa gurujana Adi ko AmantraNa denaa| bAla, glAna, zaikSa Adi ko grahaNa karane tathA upabhoga karane ko Amantrita karanA, chandanA hai| akelA-cupacApa usakA upabhoga na kreN| 6. icchAkAra-sAdhuoM kI icchAnusAra tadanukUla AcaraNa kre| ___7. micchAkAra-skhalanA hone para, galatI hone para usakA pazcAttApa kare, "micchAmi dukkar3am" kahe evaM niyamAnusAra prAyazcita grahaNa kre| 8. tathAkAra-ise 'pratizruta tathyakAra' bhI kahate haiN| AcArya, guru evaM ratnAdhika (apane se bar3e) kI AjJA sviikaarnaa| unake kathana para vizvAsa krnaa| 9. abhyutthAna-gurujanoM kA vinaya karanA, Ane para khar3A honA, sevA zuzrUSA karanA abhyutthAna hai| isI prakAra satkAra sammAna bhI abhyutthAna hai| 1. bhagavatI 25.7 2. sthAnAMga 10.749 3. uttarAdhyaya 26 4. vahI 26.2-7

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(253) 10. upasampadA-eka gaNa se dUsare gaNa meM jJAnArjana ke lie, sthirIkaraNa athavA darzana viSayaka zAstroM ko grahaNa karane ke lie tathA viziSTa sAdhanA-tapa, vaiyAvRtya ke lie jAnA upasampadA hai| ye sarva sAmAcArI sAdhu ke lie atyAvazyaka hai| isake anukUla AcaraNa se sadguNoM kI abhivaddhi hotI hai| tadanusAra AcaraNa karake sAdhu karma-kSaya karake mukta hone kA prayAsa karatA hai| (kha) sAdhu ke vividha kalpa kalpa (kappa) zabda kA artha hai-AcAra-vicAra ke niyama, umAsvAtijI ke anusAra-"jo kArya jJAna, zIla, tapa kA upagraha karatA hai, aura doSoM kA nigraha karatA hai, vaha nizcayadRSTi se kalpa hai| kalpasUtra meM zramaNoM ke AcAra ko kalpa kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA ke samAna vaidika paramparA meM bhI kalpa zabda AcAra ke niyamoM ke lie vyavahRta huA hai| vaidika kalpasUtra meM gRhastha aura tyAgI brAhmaNoM ke AcAra varNita hai|" jaina paramparA meM nimna dasa kalpoM kA vidhAna hai| 1. Acelakya 2. auddezika 3. zayyAtara 4. rAjapiNDa 5. kRtikarma 6. vrata 7. jyeSTha 8. pratikramaNa 9. mAsakalpa 10. pryussnnaa-klp| 1. Acelakya cela arthAt vstr| vastra kA abhAva acela hai| digambara sampradAya meM acela kA artha vastra rahita kiyA hai| isase Acelakya kalpa kA artha huA-muni ko vastra dhAraNa nahIM karanA caahiye| 'a' zabda kA artha alpa bhI kiyA gayA hai| isase Acelakya kA artha alpavastra bhI ho jAtA hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anusAra muni ko kama se kama vastra dhAraNa karanA caahie| 1. prazamarati 143 2. kalpasUtra kalpalatA gA. 1. pR. 2 3. Ava. ni. malaya. vRtti 121, nizItha bhA. 5933, bRhatkalpa. 63-64 bhagavatI arAdhanA 427 paMcAzaka-17.6-40

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(254) 2. auddezika isa kalpa kA artha yaha hai ki sAdhu ko usake uddezya se, nimitta se lAye gaye athavA kharIde gaye AhAra, peya, vastra, pAtra, upagaraNa tathA nivAsa grahaNa nahIM karanA caahiye|' azana-vasana aura bhavana Adi agrAhya aura asevya hai| prathama va antima tIrthaMkara ke zAsana kA sAdhu kisI bhI zramaNa ke uddezya se bane AhAra ko grahaNa nahIM kara sakate, jaba ki anya 22 tIrthakaroM ke sAdhu dUsare sAdhu ke nimitta bane AhArAdi ko grahaNa kara sakatA thA, vaha usake lie grAhya ho jAtA thaa| auddezika AhAra grahaNa karane kA niSedha isalie hai ki isase trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA kA anumodana hotA hai| 3. zayyAtarapiNDa kalpa ___ jo sAdhu ko zayyA (vasati-upAzraya-sthAna) detA hai, usako zayyAtara kahA jAtA hai, arthAt vaha gRhapati jisake makAna meM muni Thaharate haiN| usa zayyAtara kA AhAra Adi sAdhu ke lie agrAhya hotA hai| 4. rAjapiNDa kalpa __rAjA ke yahA~ kA bhojana rAjapiNDa hai| rAjakIya bhojana sAdhu ke lie tyAjya hotA hai| prathama va antima tIrthakara ke sAdhuoM ke lie isakA niSedha hai, anya 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhu ko nhiiN|' 5. kRtikarma kRtikarma kA artha hai apane se saMyamAdi meM jyeSTha evaM sadguNoM se zreSTha muniyoM kA satkAra va sammAna krnaa| unake Ane para khar3e hokara bahumAna krnaa| unakI hitazikSAoM ko zraddhA se natamastaka hokara svIkAra krnaa| yaha kalpa sArvakAlika 1. dazavai. cUrNi (agastayasiMha),- hAribhadrIyAvRtti 116 2. daza. a. 5.u.1 gA.51-52 3. dazavaikAlika a. 5.u.1. gA. 51-52 4. nizIthabhASya pR. 131 5. (ka) daza.vRtti (hAri.) 117, cUrNi. agastyasiMha evaM jinadAsa 113 6. vahI pR. 112-113 7. kalpasamarthana gA. 2 patra 2 8. nizIthacUrNi bhAga-2 pR. 187-188 9. kalpa samarthana gA. 13

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(255) 6. vratakalpa vrata kA artha hai virti|' arthAt httnaa| asat pravRttiyoM se haTanA virati hai| karaNa, nivRtti, uparama aura virati ekArthaka zabda hai| ( sabhI sAdhuoM ko paMca mahAvratoM kA apramatta rahakara, mana-vacana-kAyA se pAlana karanA caahiye| bha. pArzvanAtha taka cAturyAma (vratoM) kI vyavasthA thI, jaba ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 7. jyeSTha kalpa jaina paramparA guNapradhAna hone para bhI puruSa jyeSTha hai| saMbhavataH isake pIche hamAre deza kI puruSa pradhAna sabhyatA kA prabhAva hai| zatavarSa dIkSitA sAdhvI bhI adyadIkSita muni ko bhaktibhAvanA se namana karatI hai|' ___ jyeSThakalpa kA dUsarA artha bhI hai-bhagavAn mahAvIra ke AcAra-darzana meM dIkSA * do prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai-1. choTI dIkSA 2. bar3I diikssaa| choTI dIkSA parIkSA rUpa hai| isameM muniveza grahaNa karake sAmAyika cAritra liyA jAtA hai| usake pazcAt yogyatAnusAra bar3I dIkSA dI jAtI hai| ise chedopasthApanIya cAritra kahA jAtA hai| isake AdhAra para hI zramaNa jyeSTha va kaniSTha mAnA jAtA hai| chedopasthApanIya meM paMcamahAvrata Aropita kiye jAte hai| bhagavAn pArzva ke samaya mAtra sAmAyika cAritra thA, jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne chedopasthApanIya cAritra kA vidhAna kiyaa| 8. pratikramaNakalpa pratikramaNa jaina sAdhu kA Avazyaka aMga hai| pratidina sAyaMkAla evaM prAtaHkAla pratikramaNa karanA pratikramaNa kalpa hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva pArzvanAtha bhagavAn Adi 22 tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA meM doSa lagane para hI prAyazcita svarUpa pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana meM donoM samaya pratikramaNa kA vidhAna hai| 1. tattvArtha 7.2 2. tattvArtha bhASya 7.1 3. uttarA. 23, sUtrakRtAMga 2.16 4. kalpasamarthana gAthA 17 patra. 2 5. uttarA, 23.12, AcA. 2.15 6. Ava. ni. gA. 1244

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(256) 9. mAsakalpa sAdhu eka sthAna para sthira hokara na rhe| sAdhu ke lie sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki vaha gA~va meM eka rAtri aura nagara meM pA~ca rAtri se adhika na rhe| kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa sthitikAla meM parivartana karake adhika se adhika eka sthAna para eka mAsa taka rUkane kI anumati pradAna kI hai| isase adhika niSiddha kiyA hai| kintu 22 tIrthaMkara ke zramaNa ve cAheM to eka sthAna para dIrghakAla taka raha sakate haiN| athavA zIghra hI prasthAna bhI kara sakate haiN| isa kalpa kA dhyeya hai ki satata bhramaNa se anAsakta vRtti rahatI hai aura jana samparka va janakalyANa bhI adhikAdhika ho sakatA hai| 10. paryuSaNa kalpa paryuSaNa kA artha hai-AtmA ke samIpa rhnaa| cAturmAsa kAla meM eka sthAna para rahakara tapa, saMyama aura jJAna kI ArAdhanA krnaa| ina sAdhanoM se AtmA ke adhikAdhika samIpa rahA jA sakatA hai| pahale va antima tIrthaMkara ke lie paryuSaNa kalpa anivArya hai, kintu 22 tIrthaMkaroM ke zramaNoM ke lie nhiiN| ve varSA Adi ke kAraNa Thaharate bhI the aura kAraNAbhAva meM vihAra bhI kara dete the| inameM chaH kalpa asthira tathA cAra kalpa avasthita hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM ina kalpoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jo ki sAdhvAcAra ke Avazyaka aMga bhI hai| bauddha paramparA aura kalpavidhAna __ jaina sammata dasa kalpoM kA vidhAna bauddha paramparA meM hai yA nahIM, usakA avalokana kreN| Acelakya kalpa ke anusAra hI yahAM bhI bauddha bhikSu dIkSita hone ke samaya hI yaha nizcita karatA hai ki maiM alpa evaM jIrNa vastroM meM saMtuSTa rhuuNgaa|' buddha ne pramANopeta vastroM kA hI bhikSu ke lie vidhAna kiyA hai| auddezika kalpa ke lie kucha vidhAna nahIM hai to rAjapiNDa va zayyAtara kA bhI prazna vahA~ nahIM hai| kRtikarma meM donoM paramparA samAna hai| dIkSAvaya meM jyeSTha bhikSu kA satkAra va sammAna va 1. bRhatkalpabhASya 1.36 2. kalpasamarthana gA. 28 pa. 2 3. Ava. malaya. vRtti pa. 121 4. vinayapiTaka-mahAvagga 1.2.6

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(257) vaMdanavidhi anivArya kahI gaI hai| dIkSAvRddha zramaNI ke lie choTe bar3e sabhI bhikSuoM ko vaMdana karane kA vidhAna hai| bhikSuNI ke ATha gurudharmoM meM (aTThagurudhammA) sabase pahalA niyama yahI hai|' vrata kalpa ke sadRza yahA~ bauddha paramparA meM bhI do prakAra kI dIkSA kA vidhAna gayA hai-1. zrAmaNera dIkSA 2. upsmpdaa| zrAmaNera dIkSA parIkSA svarUpa hai, jisameM dasa bhikSu-zIloM kI pratijJA kI jAtI hai| upasampadA dene ke lie pA~ca athavA dasa bhikSuoM ke bhikSu-saMgha kA honA anivArya hai| isa prakAra yaha sAmAyika va chedopasthApanIya ke tulya hai| isa paramparA meM bhI variSThatA va kaniSThatA upasampadA ke anusAra hI mAnI gaI hai| pratikramaNa kalpa kI bhAMti yahA~ prAvaraNA kI vyavasthA hai, jisameM pandrahaveM dina bhikSu saMgha ekatrita hokara AcArita pApoM kA prAyazcita karatA hai| yaha vidhi pratikramaNa kalpa ke samakakSa kahI jA sakatI hai| ___ mAsakalpa ke tulya yahA~ bhI bhikSu ko eka sthAna para rUkanA varjita kiyA gayA hai| cAturmAsakAla meM eka sthAna para rUka kara dharma kI vizeSa ArAdhanA ko yahA~ bhI mahattva diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra kalpavidhAna meM donoM paramparAe~ ati nikaTa pratIta hotI hai| vaidika paramparA meM kalpavidhAna __ jaina paramparA ke sadRza vaidika paramparA meM Acelakya kalpa ke samAna sanyAsI ke lie yA to nagna rahane kA yA to jIrNa-zIrNa alpavastra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai| auddezika kalpa ke sadRza to nahIM, kintu bhikSAvRtti ko mAnya kiyA gayA hai| zayyAtara va rAjapiNDa kalpa kA vicAra yahA~ upalabdha nahIM hotA kintu kRtikarma kalpa va vrata kalpa ko samAna hI sthAna diyA gayA hai| pratikramaNa kalpa jaisA yahA~ vidhAna nahIM, kintu prAyazcita kA yahA~ bhI vidhAna hai| mAsakalpa ke sadRza vaidika paramparA meM bhI saMnyAsI ko eka sthAna para rUkanA caahiye| zeSa samaya gA~va meM eka rAtri aura nagara meM pA~ca rAtri se adhika na rUkakara bhramaNa karanA caahie| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhA jAye to kalpavidhAna meM jaina-bauddha va vaidika paramparA meM bahuta kucha sAmya hai| jaina paramparA meM jisa prakAra AhAra ke niyamoM ke 1. vinayapiTaka-cUlavagga 10.12 2. buddhijma pR.77-78 3. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa bhAga 1. pR. 494 4. vahI pR. 491

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(258) anusAra auddezika kalpa para, rAjapiNDa va zayyAtara kalpa para jora diyA gayA hai vaisA-bauddha evaM vaidika paramparA meM vidhAna nahIM kiyA gyaahai| isake pAlana ke mUla meM ahiMsA vrata ko vizeSarUpa se puSTa kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA jitanI sUkSmatA se ahiMsA kA vicAra karatI hai, utanA vicAra anya paramparA meM nahIM kiyA gyaa| phira bhI mUla mantavya kI dRSTi se vizeSa dUrI nahIM hai| (ga) bhikSu pratimAe~ pratimA kA artha hai prtijnyaa-vishess| bhikSAvRtti se gocarI grahaNa karane vAle sAdhuoM ko bhikSu kahA jAtA hai| bhikSu-pratimAe~ una bhikSuoM dvArA Acarita hotI haiM, jinakA zArIrika saMhanana sudRr3ha aura zrutajJAna viziSTa hotA hai| paMcAzaka ke anusAra-"jo muni viziSTa saMhanana sampanna, dhRti sampanna aura zakti-sampanna tathA bhAvitAtmA hotA hai, vahI guru kI AjJA prApta kara ina pratimAoM kA svIkAra kara sakatA hai| usakI nyUnatama zruta-sampadA nauveM pUrva kI tIsarI vastu tathA utkRSTha zruta sampadA kucha nyUna dasa pUrva kI honI caahiye| ye bhikSu pratimAe~ bAraha haiM - 1. eka mAsa kI bhikSu pratimA 2. do mAsa ko 3. tIna mAsa kI 4. cAramAsa kI, 5. pA~ca mAsa kI 6. cha: mAsa kI 7. sAta mAsa kI 8. prathama sapta rAtriM divA bhikSu pratimA 9. dvitIya saptarAtriMdivA pratimA 10. tRtIya saptarAtriMdivA pratimA 11. ahorAtrika pratimA 12. eka rAtrika bhikSu pratimA. eka mAsa kI bhikSu pratimA isa pratimA ke dhArI bhikSu ko kAyA para se mamatva chor3akara eka mAsa taka Ane vAle sabhI deva, manuSya aura tiryaJca-kRta upasargoM ko sahanA hotA hai| vaha eka mAsa taka zuddha nirdoSa bhojana aura pAna kI eka-eka datti grahaNa karatA hai| eka bAra meM akhaNDa dhAra se diye gaye bhojana yA pAnI ko eka datti kahate haiN| vaha garbhiNI, alpavayaska bacce vAlI, bacce ko dUdha pilAne vAlI, rogiNI Adi striyoM ke hAtha se bhakta-pAna ko grahaNa nahIM krtaa| vaha dina ke prathama bhAga meM hI gocarI nikalatA hai| vaha kahIM bhI eka yA do rAta se adhika nahIM rhtaa| vihAra karate hue jahA~ bhI sUrya asta ho jAya, vahIM Thahara kara rAtri vyatIta karatA hai| mArga meM calate hue paira meM kAMTA laga jAye yA A~kha meM kirakirI calI jAya, to vaha 1. zrI paMcAzaka 18.4-5 2. samavAyAMga 12.1

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(259) apane hAtha se nahIM nikAlatA hai| vaha rAtri meM gaharI nIMda nahIM sotA varan baiThe 2 hI alpakAlika jhapakI lete hue Atmacintana meM rAtri vyatIta kara detA hai| vihAra karate hue yadi sAmane se zera Adi hiMsaka prANI yA hAthI, ghor3A Adi koI unmatta prANI A jAtA hai, to vaha eka paira bhI pIche nahIM haTatA varan vahIM khar3A ho jAtA hai| jaba prANI Age nikala jAye taba vaha Age vihAra karatA hai| isa prakAra vaha Agamokta maryAdA se apanI pratimA kA pAlana karatA hai|' dUsarI se lekara sAtavIM pratimA vaha kramazaH do se lekara sAta-sAta dattiyA~ letA hai| AThavIM pratimA sAta ahorAtra kI hotI hai| isameM muni upavAsa karatA hai, gA~va ke bAhara rahatA hai aura uttAna Adi Asana meM sthita hotA hai| nauvIM pratimA bhI isI prakAra kI hai kintu utkaTuka Adi Asana meM sthita hotA hai| dasavIM meM bhI isI prakAra vIrAsana meM sthita rahatA hai| gyArahavIM pratimA dUsare upavAsa meM karanI hotI hai| bArahavIM pratimA tIsare upavAsa meM kI jAtI hai| isameM muni kI zArIrika mudrAisa prakAra hotI hai-pralambana bAhu, saTe hue paira, Age kI ora jhukA huA zarIra tathA animeSa nyn|| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mleccha pradeza dRDhabhUmi ke polAsa nAmaka caitya meM yaha mahApratimA dhAraNa kI thii| isa prakAra bAraha bhikSu pratimAoM ko grahaNa karake muni apane karmoM ko kSINa karatA hai| jina kalpI muni ke sadRza utkRSTa saMyamI hI ise dhAraNa kara sakate haiN| (4) sAdhu ke prakAra jaina paramparA meM sAdhu ke prakAra sAdhvAcAra ke nIti niyamoM va sAdhanA ke stara ke anusAra kiye gaye haiN| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM AcaraNa ke niyamoM ke AdhAra para do prakAra kiye gaye haiM-1. jinakalpI 2. sthavira kalpI 1. jinakalpI - jinakalpI sAdhu kI sAdhanA atyanta utkRSTa hotI hai| rAga-dveSa, kaSAya, indriya, parISaha, upasarga aura aSTa prakAra ke karmoM ko jItane vAle nirgrantha ke kalpa ko 1. samavAyAMga vRtti. patra 21 2. vahI 3. Ava. ni. malaya. vRtti patra 288 4. vizeSAvazyaka bhASyavRtti. 7

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(260) 'jinakalpa' kahA jAtA hai| ve sAmAnyatayA nagna evaM pANipAtra hote haiM tathA ekAkI vicaraNa karate haiN| ve adhikatara khar3e rahate haiN| yadi baiThane kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAye to ve kukkuDu, godugdha Adi Asana se baiThate haiM, jisase ki bhUmi kA sparza na ho|' jinakalpI pratidina laMcana karate haiN| vaha tRtIya prahara meM bhakta-pAna grahaNa karate haiM na usase pahale aura na bAda meN| vihAra meM bhI caturtha prahara hote hI ve rUka jAte haiN| 2. sthavirakalpI ___ jo saMyama mArga meM pUrNa sthira hai aura saMyama sAdhanA meM asthira, anya sAdhakoM ko ihaloka aura paraloka saMbaMdhI hAni batAkara zramaNadharma se cyuta hone para ki na isa loka meM zAnti hai, na paraloka meM hI, isa prakAra asthira mAnasa vAle sAdhaka ko jo jJAna -darzana-cAritra meM sthira karate haiM, ve sthavira haiN| sthavira kA kalpa sthavirakalpa, ve muni sthavira kalpI kahalAte haiN| bAhya AcAra kI apekSA sthavira kalpI kA AcAra kama ugra aura zithila pratIta hotA hai| kintu jinakalpI kevala svayaM kA upakAra karate haiM, usakA saMgha ke sAtha koI saMbaMdha nhiiN| jabaki sthavikalpI apanA bhI upakAra karate haiM aura sAtha hI saMgha kA bhI upakAra karate haiN| isaliye sthavirakalpI kA bhI apanA gaurava hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM sAdhu ke pA~ca prakAra nirdeza kiye haiN| 1. pulAka 2. bakuza 3. kuzIla 4. nirgrantha 5. snAtaka 1. pulAka niHsAra dhAnyakaNoM kI bhAMti jisakA caritra niHsAra ho, use pulAkanirgrantha kahate haiN| ye mUlaguNa tathA uttaraguNa meM paripUrNatA prApta na karate hue bhI vItarAga praNIta Agama se kabhI bhI vicalita nahIM hote| inake do bheda haiM-1. labdhi pulAka 2. prtissevaapulaak| saMgha-surakSA ke lie pulAkalabdhi kA prayoga karane vAlA labdhipulAka kahalAtA hai tathA jJAna Adi kI virAdhanA karane vAlA pratiSevApulAka kahalAtA hai| pulAka sAdhu pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM - 1. jJAnapulAka-skhalita, milita Adi jJAna ke aticAroM kA sevana karane vAlA jJAna pulAka hai| 1. (bhA. vR. 1424) 2. (vahI) 3. (sthAnAMga 5 184) 4. vahI 5.185

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(261) 2. darzanapulAka-samyaktva ke aticAroM kA sevana karane vAlA darzanapulAka 3. cAritrapulAka-mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNa meM doSa lagAne vAlA cAritrapulAka hai| 4. liMgapulAka-zAstravihita upakaraNoM se adhika upakaraNa rakhane vAlA yA binA hI kAraNa anya liMga ko dhAraNa karane vAlA liMga pulAka hai| 5. yathAsUkSmapulAka-pramAda vaza akalpanIya vastu ko grahaNa karane kA mana meM cintana karane vAlA yA uparyukta pA~coM aticAroM meM se kucha aticAroM sevana karane vAlA yathAsUkSma pulAka hai| isa prakAra pulAkazramaNa ke pA~ca bheda haiN| 2. bakuza jisake cAritra meM sthAna-sthAna para dhabbe lage hue haiM, vaha bakuza sAdhu hai| zarIra vibhUSA Adi ke dvArA uttaraguNoM meM doSa lagAne vAlA bhI bakuza hai| isake cAritra meM zuddhi aura azuddhi donoM kA sammizraNa hone kAraNa zabala-vicitra varNa vAle citra kI taraha vicitratA hotI hai| bakuza sAdhu bhI pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM:___ 1. Abhogabakuza-jAnabUjhakara zarIra kI vibhUSA karane vAlA Abhoga bakuza 2. anAbhogabakuza-anajAna meM zarIra kI vibhUSA karane vaalaa| 3. saMvRtabakuza-chipa-chipakara zarIra Adi kI vibhUSA karane vaalaa| 4. asaMvRtabakuza-prakaTarUpa meM zarIra kI vibhUSA karane vaalaa| 5. yathA sUkSmabakuza-prakaTa yA aprakaTa zarIra Adi kI sUkSma vibhUSA karane vaalaa| isa prakAra zarIra aura upakaraNa ke saMskAroM kA anusaraNa karane vAlA, siddhi tathA kIrti kA abhilASI sukhazIla avivikta (sasaMga), parivAravAlA tathA cheda (cAritra) paryAya kI hAni tathA zabala aticAra (doSoM se yukta nirgrnth)| 1. sthA. 5.186

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(262) 3. kuzIla jisakA caritra kucha-kucha malina ho gayA ho| mUla tathA uttara guNoM meM doSa lagAne vAlA kuzIla nirgrantha kahalAtA hai| isake do prakAra hai-1. pratisevanAkuzIla 2. kssaaykushiil| indriyoM kA vazavartI hone se uttara guNoM kI virAdhanAmUlaka pravRtti karane vAlA prati sevanA kuzIla hai| aura kabhI bhI tIvra kaSAya ke vaza na hokara kadAcit maMda kaSAya ke vazIbhUta ho jAne vAlA kaSAyakuzIla hai| donoM ke bhI pA~ca pA~ca prakAra hai-1. jJAna 2. darzana 3. cAritra 4. liMga 5. ythaasuukssm|' 1. jJAnakuzIla-kAla, vinaya Adi jJAnAcAra kI pratipAlanA nahIM karane vaalaa| 2. darzanakuzIla-niSkAMkSita Adi darzanAcAra kI pratipAlanA nahIM karane vaalaa| 3. cAritrakuzIla-kautuka, bhUtikarma, praznAprazra, nimitta, AjIvikA, kalkakurukA, lakSaNa, vidyA tathA mantra kA prayoga karane vaalaa| 4. liMgakuzIla-veSa se AjIvikA karane vaalaa| 5. yathAsUkSmakuzIla-apane ko tapasvI Adi kahane se harSita hone vaalaa| 4. nirgrantha jisakA mohanIya karma chinna ho gayA ho, vaha nirgrantha sAdhu hai| nirgrantha bhI pA~ca prakAra ke hote hai 1. prathama samaya nirgrantha-nirgrantha kI kAla sthiti antarmuhUrta pramANa hotI hai| usa kAla meM prathama samaya meM vartamAna nirgrnth| 2. aprathamasamaya nirgrantha-prathama samaya ke atirikta zeSa kAla meM vartamAna nirgrnth| 3. caramasamaya nirgrantha-antima samaya meM vartamAna nirgrnth| 4. acaramasamaya nirgrantha-antima samaya ke atirikta zeSa samaya meM vartamAna nirgrnth| 5. yathAsUkSmanirgrantha-prathama yA antima samaya kI apekSA kie binA sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI samayoM meM vartamAna nirgrantha / 1. vahI 5.187 2. sthA. 5.188

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. (263) isa prakAra jinakI moha aura kaSAya kI granthiyA~ kSINa ho jAtI haiM, ve nirgrantha kahalAte haiN| sarvajJatA na hone para bhI jisameM rAgadveSa kA atyAnta abhAva ho aura antarmuhUta ke bAda hI sarvajJatA pragaTa hone valI ho| 5. snAtaka jinake cAra ghAtI karma kSaya ho jAte haiM, sarvajJatA prakaTa ho jAtI hai, ve snAtaka haiN| snAtaka pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiN| 1. acchavI-kAya yoga kA nirodha karane vaalaa| 2. azabala-niraticAra sAdhutva kA pAlana karane vaalaa| 3. akarmAMza-ghAtyakarmoM kA pUrNataH kSaya karane vaalaa| 4. saMzuddhajJAnadarzanadhArI-arhat, jina, kevalI 5. aparizrAvI-sampUrNa kAya yoga kA nirodha karane vAlA sAdhu ke ina pA~coM meM se prathama tIna prakAra ke sAdhu vAstavika sAdhu jIvana se nimna zreNI ke sAdhaka hai| antima do uccakoTi ke sAdhu haiN| vaidika paramparAgata sAdhu ke prakAra jaina paramparA meM jisa prakAra sAdhu ke pA~ca prakAroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra vaidika paramparA meM bhI saMnyAsiyoM ke prakAra varNita kiye haiN| mahAbhArata meM 4 prakAra ke saMnyAsI varNita kiye gaye haiN| ___ 1. kuTIcaka 2. bahudaka 3. haMsa 4. paramahaMsa 1. kuTIcaka-kuTIcaka saMyAsI apane gRha meM hI saMnyAsa dhAraNa karatA hai tathA apane putroM dvArA nirmita kuTiyA meM rahakara, unakI bhikSA grahaNa karake sAdhanA karatA __2. bahUdaka-ve saMnyAsI tridaNDa, kamaNDalu evaM kaSAyavastroM se yukta hote haiM evaM sAta brAhmaNa gharoM se bhI bhikSA lAkara jIvana yApana karate haiN| . 3. haMsa-haMsa saMnyAsI grAma meM eka rAtri tathA nagara meM pA~ca rAtri nirgamana karate hue upavAsa, candrAyaNa Adi vrata karate haiN| 1. vahI. 5.189 2. mahAbhArata anuparva 141-189

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(264) 4. paramahaMsa-paramahaMsa saMnyAsI sadaiva hI per3a ke nIce zUnyagRha yA smazAna meM nivAsa karate haiN| sAmAnyatayA nagna rahate hai tathA sadaiva AtmabhAva meM lIna rahate haiN| yadi tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhA jAye to paramahaMsa sAdhu ke prakAra ko jinakalpI sAdhu kI koTi meM liyA jA sakatA hai tathA anya kI tulanA kiMcit sthavira kalpI se kI jA sakatI hai| kintu phira bhI bhinnatA to hai hii| sAdhu ke ina pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha sAmAnyatayA nirgrantha ke prakAroM se huA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke vivecaka paM. sukhalAlajI kA kathana hai ki "nirgrantha zabda kA tAttvika (nizcayanayasiddha) artha bhinna hai aura vyAvahArika (sAmpradAyika artha bhinna hai| donoM arthoM ke ekIkaraNa ko hI yahA~ nirgrantha sAmAnya mAnakara usI ke pA~ca bheda kahe gaye haiN| nirgrantha vaha hai jisameM rAgadveSa kI gAMTha bilkula na rhe| nirgrantha zabda kA yahI tAttvika artha hai| apUrNa hone para bhI tAttvika nirgranthatA kA abhilASI ho-bhaviSya meM vaha sthiti prApta karanA cAhatA ho-vaha vyAvahArika nirgrantha hai| pA~ca bhedoM meM prathama tIna vyAvahArika hai aura zeSa do tAttvika hai| " (5) jainadharma aura vrata paramparA bhAratIya saMskRti meM vratoM kA prAdurbhAva kaba se huA? DaoN. harmana jekobI ke anusAra "jainoM ne apane vrata brAhmaNoM se udhAra lie haiN|" brAhmaNa saMnyAsI mukhyatayA aMhisA, satya acaurya, santoSa aura muktatA-ina pA~ca vrata kA pAlana karate the| jekobI kA abhimata hai ki jaina mahAvratoM kI vyavasthA ke AdhAra ukta pA~ca vrata bane haiN| vastutaH unakA yaha abhimata kahAM taka satya hai, usa para vicAra karanA hogaa| yadi vratoM kI paramparA kA aitihAsika adhyayana kareM to ahiMsA Adi vratoM kA mUla brAhmaNa paramparA meM nahIM paayeNge| ho sakatA hai ki DaoN. jekobI ne baudhAyana meM ullikhita vratoM ke kAraNa yaha kalpanA kI ho| kintu prazna phira bhI rahatA hai ki usameM bhI vrata kahA~ se Ae? - vratoM kA saMyAsa ke sAtha avicchinna saMbaMdha hai| saMyAsa Azrama caturtha Azrama hai, aise kula Azrama cAra haiM / vedoM meM Azrama kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| aura na hI brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka granthoM meM isakI carcA hai| sarva prathama isakA ullekha 1. tattvArtha sUtra pR. 232

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(265) bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM huA, usameM sanyAsa ko 'Atma-jijJAsA ke bAda hone vAlI sthiti' kahA hai| aura ve putraiSaNA, vittaiSaNA tathA lokeSaNA se vyutthAna kara bhikSAcaryA karate the| jabaki zramaNa paramparA meM mukhya rUpa se kathana hai ki "lokeSaNA mata kro| aise anekAneka sandarbha hai jahA~ ina eSaNAoM ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA gayA hai|' isake viparIta vaidika paramparA meM to isako mahattvapUrNa aMga ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| putrotpatti arthAt putra kA mukha-darzana pitA ko ho jAe to usakA RNa chUTa jAtA hai| aura vaha amara ho jAtA hai| ina uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa dikhAI detA hai ki vaidika paramparA meM putrotpatti ko pradhAna mAnA hai, jabaki zramaNa paramparA ina sabako tyAga karake sanyAsa grahaNa karane kA upadeza detI hai|" . jaina-darzana kA sanyAsa nitAnta AtmavAda para AdhArita hai| AcAra kI ArAdhanA AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI aura kriyAvAdI kara sakate haiN| jaba taka Atma-jijJAsA nahIM hotI, taba taka sanyAsa kA prazna hI nahIM ho sktaa| isase yahI parilakSita hotA hai ki Atma-jijJAsA para AdhArita sanyAsa zramaNoM kI dIrgha paramparA hai| tevIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzva ke samaya zramaNa saMgha susaMgaThita thaa| upaniSad kA racanAkAra unase pahale nahIM jaataa| bhagavAn pArzva kA astitva kAla I. pU. dasavIM zatAbdI hai", aura upaniSadoM kA racanAkAla prAyaH I. pU. 800 se 300 ke bIca kA hai| isa sthiti meM yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki saMnyAsa aura vratoM kI vyavasthA ke lie zramaNa dharma vaidika dharma kA RNI nahIM hai| veda, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka-sAhitya meM mahAvratoM kA ullekha kiMcit mAtra bhI nahIM hai| upaniSada-purANoM aura smRtiyoM meM jo ullekha milatA hai, ve bhagavAna 1. bRhadAraNyaka 4.4.22 2. vahI 3. AcArAMga 1.4.1.128 4. uttarAdhyAnana 14.9, 14.12 5. AcArAMga 1.1.1.5 6. uddharaNaH muni nathamala: uttarAdhyayana evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pR-. 38. 7. mahApurANaH parva 74 pR. 462, dekhie jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza pR. 21. 8. (ka) History of Sanskrit Literature P. 226 (kha) A. B. Kieth: The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanisadas P. 20

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(266) pArzva ke uttarakAlIna hai| ataH pUrvakAlIna vrata-vyavasthA ko uttarAkIlana vrata vyavasthA ne prabhAvita kiyA, yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? bhagavAn pArzva ke uttaraqAlIna bhagavAn mahAvIra hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhagavAna pArzva ke vratoM kA hI vikAsa kiyA hai| anya kisI paramparA kA anusaraNa karake nhiiN| dharmAnanda kauMsabI' bhI yahI svIkAra karate haiM ki pArzvanAtha kA dharma mahAvIra ke paMcamahAvratoM meM pariNata huA hai| vahI dharma buddha ke aSTAMgika mArga meM aura yoga ke yama-niyamoM meM prakaTa huaa| gA~dhIjI ke Azramadharma meM bhI pradhAnatayA cAturyAma-dharma dRSTigocara hotA hai| hindudharma aura jainadharma Apasa meM ghulamilakara aba itane ekAkAra ho gae haiM ki Aja kA sAdhAraNa hindu yaha jAnatA bhI nahIM ki ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura parigraha ye jainadharma ke upadeza the, hindutva ke nhiiN| jaina dharma kA bahuta bar3A bhAga vrata aura avrata kI mImAMsA hai| saMbhavataH anya kisI bhI darzana meM vratoM kI itanI mImAMsA nahIM huii| caudaha guNasthAnoM-vizuddhi kI bhUmikAoM meM avratI cauthe, aNuvratI pA~caveM aura mahAvratI chaThe guNasthAna kA adhikArI hotA hai| yaha vikAsa dIrghakAlIna paramparA kA hai, tatkAla gRhIta paramparA kA nhiiN| 1. sAdhu ke vrata 1. sAmAyika 2. paMcamahAvrata AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI dizA meM bar3hane ke lie sarvaprathama tadanurUpa AcaraNa bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| paMca parameSThI pada pUrNatA kI dizA ke caraNa hai| isakA pahalA prayAsa sAdhu pada meM hai| gRhastha jIvana kA parityAga karake sAdhaka sAvadha (pApakArI) yogoM se pUrNatayA bacane ke lie saMyama aMgIkAra karatA hai| sarva bAhya (svajana) evaM AMtarika (Asakti) parigraha kA tyAga karake karma kSaya hetu kaTibaddha hotA hai| jaina paramparA meM ise 'bhAgavatI-dIkSA' saMjJA se abhipreta kiyA jAtA hai| anya janma meM grahaNa kiye hue karma saMcaya ko dUra karane ke lie mokSAbhilASI AtmA sarva sAvadha yogoM se nivRtta hone ke lie cAritra patha para ArUr3ha hotA hai| saMyama, cAritra, dIkSA isa apekSA se samAnArthaka zabda hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana meM dIkSArthI ko prathama sAmAyika cAritra pradAna 1. pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma pR. 6.

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(267) kiyA jAtA hai, usake pazcAt chedopasthApanIya cAritra meM paMca mahAvrata se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA hai| kintu bhagavAna pArzva ke samaya mAtra sAmAyika cAritra thA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne chedo-pasthApanIya cAritra kA pravartana kiyaa| vastutaH cAritra eka sAmAyika hI hai| jisakA tAtparya hai-'samatA kI aaraadhnaa'| jaba viSamatApUrNa pravRttiyA~ tyakta hotI hai, taba sAmAyika cAritra kI prApti hotI hai| yaha nirvizeSaNa yA nirvibhAga hai| bhagavAn pArzva ne cAritra ke vibhAga nahIM kiye| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakSa eka vizeSa prayojana upasthita thA, isalie unhoMne sAmAyika ko chedopasthApanIya kA rUpa diyaa| 1. sAmAyika-sama arthAt rAgadveSa rahita AtmA ke pratikSaNa apUrva apUrvanirjarA se hone vAlI Atmavizuddhi kA prApta honA sAmAyika hai| bhavATavI ke bhramaNa se paidA hone vAle kleza ko pratikSaNa nAza karane vAlI, cintAmaNi, kAmadhenu evaM kalpavRkSa ke sukhoM kA bhI tiraskAra karane vAlI, nirUpama sukha dene vAlI, aisI jJAna, darzana, cAritra paryAyoM ko prApta karAne vAle, rAga dveSa rahita AtmA ke kriyAnuSThAna ko sAmAyika kahate haiN| sarva sAvadha vyApAra kA tyAga karanA evaM niravadya vyApAra kA sevana karanA sAmAyika hai| sAmAyika ke do bheda haiM 1. itvara kAlika sAmAyika 2. yAvatkathika sAmAyika 1. itvarakAlika sAmAyika itvara kAla kA artha hai alpakAla arthAt bhaviSya meM dUsarI bAra phira sAmAyika vrata kA vyapadeza hone se jo alpa kAla kI sAmAyika ho, use itvara kAlika sAmAyika kahate haiN| pahale evaM aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke tIrtha meM jaba taka ziSya meM mahAvrata kA AropaNa nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka usa ziSya ke itvara kAlika sAmAyika samajhanI caahie| 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA. 1262 2. vahI 1261 3. vahI 4. vizeSA. 1263 5. vahI

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(268) 2. yAvatkathita sAmAyika ___ yAvajjIvana kI sAmAyika yAvatkathika sAmAyika kahalAtI hai| prathama evaM antima tIrthakara bhagavAn ke sivAya zeSa bAIsa tIrthaMkara bhagavAn evaM mahAvideha kSetra ke tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhuoM ke yAvatkathika sAmAyika hotI hai| kyoMki ina tIrthaMkaroM ke sAdhuoM ko dUsarI bAra sAmAyika vrata nahIM diyA jAtA hai|' 2. paMcamahAvrata-chedopasthApanIya jisa cAritra meM pUrva paryAya kA cheda evaM mahAvratoM kI upasthApanA/AropaNa hotA hai, use chedopasthApanika cAritra kahate haiN| athavA pUrva paryAya kA cheda karake jo mahAvrata diye jAte haiM use bhI isI cAritra se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha cAritra bharata, airAvata, kSetra ke prathama evaM carama tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM hI hotA hai, zeSa tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM nahIM hotaa| isake bhI do bheda haiM-1. niraticAra 2. sAticAra __ 1.niraticAra-itvara sAmAyika vAle ziSya ke evaM eka tIrtha se dUsare tIrtha meM jAne vAle sAdhuoM ke jo vratoM kA AropaNa hotA hai, vaha niraticAra chedopasthApanika cAritra hai| 2. sAticAra-mUla guNoM kA ghAta karane vAle sAdhu ke jo vratoM kA AropaNa hotA hai, vaha sAticAra chedopasthApanika cAritra hai|' chedopasthApanIya cAritra ko svIkArane vAle vyakti ko vibhAgazaH mahAvratoM kA svIkAra karAyA jAtA hai| cheda kA artha vibhAga hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhagavAn pArzva ke nirvibhAga sAmAyika cAritra ko vibhAgAtmaka sAmAyika cAritra banA diyA aura vahI chedopasthApanIya ke nAma se pracalita huaa| bhagavatI sUtra meM ullekha hai ki jo cAturyAma-dharma kA pAlana karate the, una muniyoM ke cAritra ko sAmAyika kahA jAtA thA aura jo muni sAmAyika-cAritra kI prAcIna paramparA kA tyAga karake paMcayAma-dharma meM pravrajita hue, unake cAritra ko chedopasthApanIya kahA gayA hai| 1. vizeSA. 1264 2. vahI 1268 3. vahI 1269 4. sandarbha uttarAdhyayana eka samIkSAtka adhyayana pR. 126 5. bhagavatI 25.7.786

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(269) prastuta chedopasthApanIya cAritra meM vrata kA bhaMga nahIM hai| arthAt sAmAyika kA tyAga nahIM hai varan vizeSa vrata zuddhi hai| sAmAyika kI apekSA isameM paMcamahAvratoM kA upasthApana-AropaNa yaha vizeSa vrata vizuddhi kA sopAna hai| 2. cAturyAma dharma aura paMca mahAvrata mahAvratoM ke nirupaNa kI do paramparAe~ haiM- 1. cAturyAma paramparA 2. paMcamahAvrata prmpraa| ye donoM hI paramparAe~ zramaNoM kI sthiti ke AdhAra para nirmita huI hai| arhat ajita se lekara arhat pArzva taka kI paramparA cAturyAma kI thI arthAt zramaNoM ke cAra vrata the| kintu arhat RSabhadeva aura arhat mahAvIra ne paMcayAma-paMca mahAvrata prarUpita kiye| bhagavAn pArzva ke cAturyAmadharma meM brahmacarya aura aparigraha nAmaka vratoM kI vyavasthA nahIM thii| unakI vyavasthA meM bAhya vastuoM kI anAsakti kA sUcaka zabda thA 'bahistAt-AdAna-viramaNa'2 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa vyavasthA meM parivartana kiyA aura 'bahistAt-AdAna-viramaNa' ko 'brahmacarya' aura aparigraha ina do zabdoM meM vibhakta kara diyaa| brahmacarya zabda vaise vaidika sAhitya meM bhI pracalita thaa| kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ne use mahAvrata ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyaa| jabaki mahAvrata ke rUpa meM vaidika sAhitya meM pracalita nahIM thaa| aparigraha zabda kA bhI sarvaprathama mahAvrata ke rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hI prayoga kiyA thaa| yadyapi jAbAlopaniSad, nAradaparivrAjakopaniSad, tejobindUpaniSad', yAzyavalyakyopaniSa, AruNikopaniSad, gItA yogasAra Adi meM aparigraha zabda kA ullekha milatA hai, tathApi ye sabhI grantha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke uttaravartI hai| unake pUrvavartI grantha meM aparigraha zabda kA mahAvrata ke rUpa meM prayoga nahIM huaa| kyA kAraNa thA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ko cAturyAma paramparA meM parivartana karanA pdd'aa| kyA bAIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya brahmacarya Avazyaka nahIM thA? isakA samAdhAna karate hue kathana hai ki prathama tIrthaMkara ke sAdhu Rju jar3a the aura carama tIrthaMkara ke sAdhu vakrajar3I the| pahale ke lie dharma samajhanA kaThina thaa| saralatA ke kAraNa saba kucha samajhAnA par3atA thA, kyoMki ve sAtha meM jar3a bhI the| jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 1. vizeSA. 1266-67 4. nAradapari. 3.8.6 7. ArUNika.3 2. uttarA. 23.23 5. tejobindu. 2.3 8. gItA 6.10 3. jAbAla. 3.5 6.yAzvalkya 2.1 9. yogasAra 2.30

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(270) sAdhu prakRti se vakra bhI the aura jar3a bhii| isalie mahAvratoM ke nirUpaNa meM bheda aayaa| bAIsa tIrthaMkara ke sAdhu bahirdAna (parigraha) ke antargata strI ko bhI parigraha mAnakara parityAga kara dete the| isa prakAra cAturyAma aura paMcamahAvrata kI saMkhyA meM bheda huaa| vastutaH saMkhyAbheda hone para bhI vratoM kI paripAlanA meM, prayoga meM antara nahIM huA hai| (3) paMca mahAvrata zramaNa jIvana kI AdhAra zilA paMcamahAvrata haiN| sAtha hI inako mUlabhUtaguNa bhI mAnya kiye gaye haiN| jaina paramparA meM paMca mahAvrata nimnalikhita haiM - 1. savvAopANAivAyAo veramaNaM (ahiMsA) 2. savvAo musAvAyAo veramaNaM (satya) 3. savvAo adiNNAdANAo veramaNaM (asteya) 4. savvAo mehuNAo veramaNaM (brahmacarya) 5. savvAo pariggahAo veramaNaM (aparigraha) ye pA~coM hI vrata zrAvaka (gRhastha) evaM zramaNa (sAdhu) donoM ke lie hI kathita hai| pharka itanA hI hai ki, sAdhu una paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana akATya rUpa se, pUrNarUpeNa pAlana karatA hai| jabaki gRhasthoM ke lie ye aNu rUpa se pAlana karane hote haiN| isIlie sAdhu ko to ina mahAvratoM kI paripAlanA navakoTi arthAt mana, vacana, kAya evaM kRta, kArita tathA anumodita 3 x 3 = 9 koTiyoM saha karanA hotA hai| ina paMca mahAvratoM ke atirikta eka vrata aura hai jisakA pAlana bhI sAdhu ko anivAryataH karanA hotA hai vaha hai 6. savvAo rAi bhoaNAo vermnn| zvetAmbara paramparA meM rAtri-bhojana ko sAdhu kA chaThA vrata mAnya kiyA gayA hai evaM digambara paramparA meM yaha mUlaguNa ke rUpa meM ullikhata hai| jaina paramparA kI bhAMti bauddha paramparA mAnya dasa bhikSu-zIla ke antargata 6 zIloM se mahAvrata-vrata sAmya rakhatA hai| bauddha paramparA meM dasa zIla hai-1. prANAtipAta viramaNa, 2. adattAdAna viramaNa, 3. abrahmacarya yA kAmesu-micchAcAra viramaNa, 1. uttarA. 23.23-26 2. pAkSika sUtra 3. pAkSika sUtra, dazavaikA.6.23-24, 4.6

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(271) 4.mUsAvAda (mRSAvAda) viramaNa, 5. surAmeramadya (mAdaka dravya) viramaNa 6. vikAla bhojana viramaNa, 7. nRtya gItavAditra viramaNa, 8. mAlya dhAraNa, gandha vilepana viramaNa 9. uccazayyA, mahAzayyA viramaNa 10. jAtarUpa rajatagrahaNa (svarNarajatagrahaNa) virmnn| ___ uparyukta bauddha paramparA mAnya dasazIloM meM se 6 zIla, paMca mahAvrata evaM chaThA rAtri bhojana viramaNa vrata ke atyadhika samAna hai| yadyapi anya cAra kA samAveza vratoM meM to nahIM kintu ina cAroM ko bhI sAdhvAcAra se viruddha evaM varjanIya kahA gayA hai| 1.savvAo pANAivAyAoveramaNaM (ahiMsA mahAvrata)-prANIvadha kA sarvathA nirvartana kre| prANoM ko dhAraNa kare vaha hai praannii| jaina paramparA meM prANoM ke dasa prakAra hai- 1.zrotendriyabalaprANa 2. cakSurindriyabala prANa 3. ghrANendriya bala prANa 4. rasanendriyabala prANa 5. sparzanendriyabala prANa 6. manabalaprANa 7. vacanabala prANa 8. kAyabalaprANa 9. zvAsocchavAsabalaprANa 10. aayussyblpraann| jisake bala (AdhAra) se jIva kArya meM pravRtti karatA hai, use balaprANa kahA jAtA hai| ina bala prANoM ko dhAraNa karake hI jIva prANI saMjJA dhAraNa karatA hai| paMcendriya jIvoM meM se ekendriya jIvoM ke 4 prANa-1. sparzaneMdriya 2. kAyabala 3. zvAsocchavAsa 4. AyuSya, beindriyajIvoM ke 6. prANa-atirikta ghrANendriya caurindriya jIvoM ke 8 prANa- pUrvokta 7 ke atirikta AThavIM ckssrindriy| paMcendriya jIvoM meM asaMjJI ke 9 prANa- pUrvokta 8 + zrotrendriyabalaprANa saMjJI paMcendriya ke 10 prANa-pUrvokta 9 + manobala praann| ina dasa prANoM ke dhAraka jIvoM kA atipAta arthAt vadhAdi na karanA hI pahalA prANAtipAta mahAvrata hai| sAdhu sva-para hiMsA se virata hotA hai| svahiMsA se tAtparya hai ki-kAma, krodha, lobha, moha Adi dUSita manovRttiyoM ke dvArA AtmaguNoM kA nAza krnaa| to apane atirikta anya prANiyoM ko duHkhI karanA, nAza karanA, hAni pahu~cAnA para hiMsA hai| sAdhu ko isa prakAra trasa evaM sthAvara jagata ke samasta prANiyoM kI hiMsA se virati lenA hotA hai| 1. vinayapiTaka mahAvagga 1.56 2. paiMtIsa bola-chaThA bola

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(272) AcArya umAsvAti' ne hiMsA kA svarUpa darzAyA hai-pramattayoga se hone vAlA prANavadha hiMsA hai| yahA~ hiMsA kI vyAkhyA 2 aMzoM meM dI gii| pramattayoga arthAt rAgadveSayukta athavA asAvadhAna pravRtti aura dUsarA hai praannvdh| pahalA aMza kAraNa rUpa hai aura dUsarA kaaryruup| isase vahI phalita hotA hai ki jo prANavadha pramattayoga se ho, vaha hiMsA hai| yahA~ hiMsA kI vyAkhyA meM mAtravadha hI paryApta nahIM, varan 'pramattayoga' bhI isameM mahattvapUrNa hai| kintu yadi pramattayoga ke binA prANavadha ho to vaha hiMsA nahIM? to isakA samAdhAna hai ki kevala prANavadha sthUla hone se dRzya-hiMsA to hai hI, jaba ki pramattayoga sUtra hone se adRzya hai| usI para hiMsA kI sadoSatA yA nirdoSatA nirbhara karatI hai| hiMsA kI sadoSatA hiMsA bhAvanA para avalambita hai| bhAvanA svayaM burI hai, tabhI prANavadha doSa hogaa| isa prakAra pramattayogarUpa jo sUkSma bhAvanA hai, vaha svayaM hI sadoSa hai| ___ AcArAGga meM ATha hetu hiMsA ke lie ullikhita haiM ki manuSya' 1. apane isa jIvana ke lie 2. prazaMsA va yaza ke lie 3. sanmAna kI prApti ke lie 4. pUjA Adi pAne ke lie 5. janma-santAna Adi ke janma para athavA svayaM ke janma nimitta 6. maraNa-mRtyu saMbaMdhI kAraNoM va prasaMgoM para 7 mukti kI preraNA yA lAlasA se 8. duHkha ke pratikAra hetu-roga, AtaMka, upadrava Adi miTAne ke lie| sAdhu ina hiMsA ke kAraNoM kA tyAga karake sthAvara va trasa SaDjIvanikAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA na kreN| AcArAGga ke isa sandarbha se jJAta hotA hai| ki manuSya kina kAraNoM se hiMsAkArya meM prerita hotA hai| muni ke lie ina hiMsA ke hetuoM ko sarvathA tyAjya kahA gayA hai| sAmAnya sAdhu ko sarvaprathama sva hiMsA aura sAtha hI para hiMsA se virati dhAraNa karanI par3atI hai| kAma, krodha, moha, lobha, rAga, dveSAdi dUSita manovRttiyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara AtmA ke jJAnAdi svaguNoM kA vinAza karanA svahiMsA hai, to anya prANiyoM ko pIr3A denA, duHkhI karanA, hAni pahu~canA para hiMsA hai| sAdhu ko parahiMsA se virata to honA hI hai sAtha hI svahiMsA se bhI virati le lenA hai| jagat ke sarva prANiyoM (trasa-sthAvara) kI hiMsA kA pUrNarUpeNa tyAga karanA, yaha sAdhu kA prathama kartavya hai| AcArAGga meM spaSTataH nirdiSTa hai ki muni SanikAya ke jIvoM kA hiMsAdi samAraMbha na kare, na karavAye, na karate hue kA anumodana kre| 1. tattvArtha sUtra 7.8 pR. 172 2. AcAra 1 zru. 1 adhya. 1-8 uddezaka 3. AcA. 1.1.7.62

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(273) dazavakAlika meM ise aura puSTa kiyA hai ki jAnabUjha kara yA anajAne meM bhI ina trividha prakAroM se hiMsA na kre| bhikSu ke lie prANa vadha tyAjya kyoM hai? usase AtmaguNoM kA bhI ghAta hotA hai| jagat ke sarva prANiyoM ko AyuSya, jIvana priya hai| sabhI sukha cAhate haiN| duHkha pratikUla hotA hai| unako vadha (mRtyu) apriya hai| ve jIvita rahanA cAhate haiN| aMtaH SaTjIva nikAya ke jIvoM kI svayaM hiMsA na kare, na anya se karAye aura jo karatA hai usakA anumodana bhI na kre| zramaNa jIvana meM ahiMsA kA pAlana kisa prakAra kare? usakI paripAlanA va rakSA kaise karanI cAhie? usakA vistRta varNana AcArAGga sUtra, dazavaikAlika sUtra Adi granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai ki "samAdhivaMta saMyamI sAdhu tIna karaNa evaM tIna yoga se pRthvI Adi sacita miTTI ke Dhele Adi na tor3e, na unako piise| sajIva pRthvI para na baitthe| sacitta dhUli se bhare Asana para bhI na baitthe| isI prakAra sacitta,jala, varSA, ole, barpha, osa ke jala kA na sparza kare aura na piive| vaha mAtra acitta (prAsuka yA garma) jala kA hI prayoga kre| aMgAra, jvAlA Adi kisI prakAra kI agni kA sparza na kare aura na hI use uttejita kare, sulagAve nahIM aura bujhAve bhI nhiiN| sAdhu kisI prakAra kI davA na kare, uSNatA ko sahana kre| phUMka bhI na de| isI prakAra tRNa, vRkSa, phala, phUla, patte kA sparza na kare, na tor3e yA hAni phuNcaave| ekendriya kI bhAMti beindriya, teindriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya Adi trasa prANiyoM kI bhI mana-vacana-kAyA se hiMsA na kre| ataH AcArAMga meM spaSTatA ullikhita hai ki "saba prANI, saba bhUta, saba jIva aura saba sattvoM ko na mAranA cAhiye, na anya vyakti dvArA maravAnA cAhie, na una para prANApahAra upadrava karanA cAhie-yaha ahiMsA rUpa dharma hI zuddha hai, zAzvata hai| " hiMsA tIna prakAra kI hotI hai-1. saMraMbha 2. samAraMbha 3. Arambha vyakti ke antarmana meM hiMsA kI bhAvanA utpanna honA, hiMsA ke sambandha meM socanA, mana meM usake lie yojanA saMrabha hai| yaha eka prakAra se vaicArika aura mAnasika hiMsA hai| 1. daza. 6.10 2. prazna vyAkaraNa saMvara dvAra 1 3. AcA. 1.2.3.78 4. vahI 1.1.1-62 5. AcA. 1.1.1-7 uddezaka, daza. 6.10 6. AcA. 1.4.1

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(274) samArambha-mana meM jo hiMsaka vicAra udbhUta hue, una vicAroM ko mUrta rUpa dene hetu hiMsaka zAstrAstroM kA saMgraha karanA, unako vyavasthita rUpa se rakhanA samAraMbha hai| ___ Arambha-mAnasika yA vaicArika jo yojanA nirmita kI gaI ho, usa yojanA ke anusAra zAstrAstroM kA upayoga karanA Arambha hai| yahA~ spaSTa jhalakatA hai ki hiMsA kA janma sarvaprathama mana meM hotA hai, phira vacana meM AtA hai aura usake bAda zarIra dvArA AcAraNa meN| AcArya amRtacanda' ne ina tIna prakAroM ko anya rIti se prastuta kiyA hai ki "jaba mana meM kaSAya udbhUta hote haiM, to sarvaprathama zuddhopayoga rUpa, bhAvaprANoM kA ghAta hotA hai| yaha prathama hiMsA hai|" usake pazcAt kaSAya kI tIvratA se dIrgha zvAsocchavAsa, hasta-pAda Adi se apane aMgopAMgo ko kaSTa pahu~catA hai, yaha dUsarI hiMsA hai| tatpazcAt marmabhedI kuvacanoM se lakSyapuruSa ke ataraMga mAnasa ko pIr3A pahu~cAI jAtI hai| yaha tIsarI hiMsA hai| phira tIvra kaSAya va pramAda se usa vyakti ke dravyaprANoM ko naSTa karatA hai-yaha caturtha hiMsA hai| hiMsA ke cAra vibhAga anya dRSTikoNa se hiMsA ke cAra vibhAga bhI kiye gaye haiM-1. saMkalpI hiMsA, 2. ArambhI hiMsA 3. udyogI hiMsA 4. virodhI hiNsaa| mArane kI bhAvanA se jAnabUjha kara kisI prANI kA vadha karanA, AghAta pahu~cAnA, paraspara lar3AnA, baMdhana meM bAMdhanA, naSTa karanA yaha saMkalpI hiMsA hai| __ 2. vibhinna kAryoM ke karate samaya kI jAne vAlI hiNsaa| yathA bhojana nirmANa karate samaya, saphAI karate samaya, vastrAdi kA prakSAlana yA anyAnya kArya karate samaya hone vAlI hiMsA, ArambhI hiMsA hai| 3. vyaktiyoM ke pAlana poSaNa hetu, sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya dAyitva ko nibhAne ke liye vyApAra, udyogoM Adi meM hone vAle hiMsA udyogI hiMsA hai| 4. rASTra para zatru kA AkramaNa hone para yA zIla rakSA hetu, samAjavirodhI tattvoM kI rakSA hetu jo yuddha yA saMgharSa hote haiM, unameM hone vAlI hiMsA virodhI hiMsA hai| 1. puruSArtha siddhi. 43

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(275) ina cAroM prakAra kI hiMsA meM se gRhastha kevala saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAgI hotA hai, jabaki sAdhu ko cAroM prakAra kI hiMsA tyAjya hai| ahiMsA mahAvrata kI bhAvanA pravRtti-nivRtti ke tIna srota haiM-mana, vacana aura kaayaa| ye srota zubha evaM azubha donoM ora gati karate haiN| zubha aura azubha meM pravRtta karane vAlI bhAvanA hai| bhAvanA ke mAdhyama se azubha pravRtti ko zubha meM tathA zubha ko azubha meM badalA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra bhAvanA ke pariSkAra hetu sadaiva satarka evaM sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| ahiMsA mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiM, jo ki mahAvrata ke paripAlana ke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai| ahiMsA kA pAlana yaha jIvana kA vrata-mahAvrata nahIM apitu saMskAra hai| jIvana ke hara pahalU meM ina saMskAroM kI chApa honI caahiye| ye bhAvanAe~ inako paripuSTa banAne tathA surakSA ke lie upayogI hai| AcArAGga sUtra meM evaM tattvArtha sUtra meM ahiMsA mahAvrata ke samyak pAlana ke lie pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vidhAna hai| usI prakAra prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM ye pA~ca bhAvanAe~ prANAtipAta viramaNa rUpa meM haiN| mahAvrata kI rakSA hetu bhAvanA rUpI pA~ca praharI khar3e kiye gaye haiN| ye bhAvanAe~ nimna haiM 1. IryAsamiti bhAvanA 2. manaHsamiti bhAvanA 3. vacana samiti bhAvanA 4. eSaNAsamiti bhAvanA 5. AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti bhAvanA 1. IryA samiti bhAvanA-yahA~ IryA kA artha hai-cryaa| gamanAgamana hI nahIM apitu sonA, uThanA, baiThanA, jAganA Adi sabhI kA samAveza isameM kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu ko pratyeka pravRtti sAvadhAnI ke sAtha karanI caahiye| IryA samiti kI bhAvanA se ahiMsA sAkAra hotI hai| 2. manaH samiti bhAvanA-manaHsamiti se tAtparya hai, mana ko samyak caryA meM lgaanaa| mana kI kuzala pravRtti manaHsamiti hai| manaHsamiti bhAvanA hamAre mana - 1. AcA. 2.15. 179, tattvArtha sUtra 7.3 2. praznavyAkaraNa saMvaradvAra 1.

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(276) maMdira kA dvArapAla hai, jo ki azubha vicAroM ko mana meM praveza karane se rokatA hai| ___3. vacana samiti bhAvanA-hiMsaka athavA mana dukhAne vAle vacanoM ko bolane kA viveka rkhnaa| vacana samiti kI bhAvanA se sAdhaka cintana ke dvArA vacana ko zuddha aura madhura banAtA hai, phalasvarUpa apriya evaM ahitakArI vacana prayukta nahIM hote| 4. eSaNA samiti-bhAvanA-kalpanIya, nirdoSa AhAra, vastra, pAtra Adi AvazyakIya vastuoM kI prApti ke lie sAdhu adIna hokara gaveSaNA karatA hai| usakI prApti ke lie prayAsa karatA hai| 5. AdAna nikSepaNA samiti-sAdhu jIvana meM AvazyakatAnusAra rakhe gaye upakaraNoM kA upayoga sAvadhAnIpUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai| pratilekhanA aura pramArjanA karake hI unako grahaNa karanA tathA unako uThAnA yaha nikSepaNA samiti hai| isa prakAra ina bhAvanAoM ke cintana-manana evaM paripAlanA se ahiMsAmahAvrata paripuSTa hotA hai| samavAyAMga meM bhI ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA mahAvrata meM apavAda Agamika dRSTikoNa se mUla Agama granthoM meM vizeSa rUpa se apavAdoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gyaa| usameM bhI jo apavAda hai unameM trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA ke lie kiMcit mAtra bhI apavAda kA niSedha hai| paristhativazAt mAtra vanaspati kAya evaM jala kA sparza evaM AvAgamana meM apavAda kA ullekha hai| yadyapi nizIthacUrNi Adi paravartI granthoM meM munisaMgha yA sAdhvIsaMgha ke rakSaNArtha siMha Adi hiMsaka prANiyoM evaM durAcAriyoM kI hiMsA saMbaMdhI apavAdoM kA ullekha hai| paravartI granthoM meM jina adhika apavAdoM kA ullekha hai usake sAtha saMgha-rakSA ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| isa AdhAra para dharma prabhAvanA ke nimitta hone vAlI jala, vanaspati evaM pRthvI saMbaMdhI hiMsA ko svIkRti pradAna kI hai| jaina paramparA kI AdhArazilA ahiMsA hai| jIva dayA, jIva rakSA kA saMbaMdha ahiMsA bhAvanA kI paripUrNatA para hI nirbhara hai| prANimAtra ke prati sadbhAvanA maitrI 1. samavAyAMga 5 2. nizItha cUrNi 289

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(277) kA saMdeza jisa paramparA meM ho, vahA~ usake lie apavAda ko sthAna bhI kaise ho sakatA hai? sva rakSA hetu hiMsA kA sahArA kadApi nahIM liyA jA sktaa| mAtra saMgha rakSA hetu hI apavAda mArga kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ke do prakAra-vidheyAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA ke mukhyatayA do rUpa haiM1. niSedhAtmaka 2. vidheyaatmk| 1.niSedhAtmaka-niSedha se tAtparya hai, kisI bhI cIja ko na hone denaa| niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA kA artha hai kisI bhI prANI ke prANoM kA hanana na honA, unheM kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na phuNcaanaa| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, praznavyAkaraNa, dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka prabhRti AgamoM meM SaTkAya ko tIna karaNa, tIna yoga se hAni na pahu~cAne kA jo siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA hai, vaha ahiMsA kA niSedhAtmaka rUpa hai| 2. vidheyAtmaka-niSedhAtmaka kI taraha isakA vidheyAtmaka rUpa bhI hai| yadi ahiMsA ke nakArAtmaka pahalU se hI vicAra kiyA jAye to yaha ahiMsA kA apUrNa jJAna hai| ise pUrNa rUpa se samajhane ke lie vidheyAtmaka pahalU bhI samajhanA hogaa| praznavyAkaraNa' meM ahiMsA ke 60 nAma pratipAdita kiyegaye haiN| jinameM dayA, rakSA, abhaya, samatA Adi nAma vidheyAtmaka pahalU para prakAza DAlate haiN| ___ahiMsA kA niSedhAtmaka svarUpa nivRttimUlaka hai, to vidheyAtmaka svarUpa pravRttimUlaka hai| pravRtti aura nivRtti dAnoM hI pahaluoM meM ahiMsA samAhita hai| yadi ahiMsA ko nivRtti athavA pravRtti mUlaka mAnakara isake eka hI pahalU ko svIkAra kiyA jAye to vaha ahiMsA adhUrI hai| eka dUsare ke abhAva meM vaha pUrNa nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki pravRtti rahita nivRtti bhI niSkriya hai| asad AcaraNa se nivRtti hokara sadAcaraNa meM pravartana ahiMsA kA vAstavika svarUpa hai| prajJAmUrti paM. sukhalAlajI kA kathana isI samarthana meM hai "ahiMsA kevala nivRtti meM hI caritArtha nahIM hotI usakA vicAra nivRtti meM se avazya huA hai, kintu usakI kRtArthatA pravRtti meM hI ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka arthAt nivRttiparaka tathA vidheyAtmaka arthAt pravRttiparaka pahalU para hI isakA sarvAMgINa svarUpa nihita hai|" 1. praznavyAkaraNa-AsravadvAra prathama adhyayana.. 2. ahiMsA ke AcAra aura vicAra kA vikAsa-paM. sukhalAla pR.7-9

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(278) 2. savvAo musAvAyAo veramaNaM (satya mahAvrata) sarvataH mRSAvAda se virata honA arthAt sampUrNataH asatya kA parityAga karanA, yaha sAdhu kA dUsarA mahAvrata hai| sAdhu ko mana, vacana evaM kAyA dvArA kRta, kArita evaM anumodita ina nava koTiyoM ke sAtha asatya se virata honA hotA hai aura satya para ArohaNa karanA hotA hai| dUsarI ora mana, vacana aura kAya meM ekatva kA abhAva honA mRSAvAda hai, to ina tInoM yogoM meM ekIbhAva honA satya mahAvrata kI paripAlanA hai| satya mahAvrata ke sandarbha meM vacana zuddhi arthAt vacana kI satyatA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| kyoMki satya aisA sajaga praharI hai ki usakI sajagatA meM anya burAIyA~ pAsa meM phaTaka nahIM sktii| __ asatya kA mUla srota kyA hai? kina Antarika vRttiyoM ke kAraNa asatya janma letA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne asatya kA mUlakAraNa mithyAtva kahA hai| mukhya rUpa se asatya cAra kAraNoM se bolA jAtA hai-krodha se, lobha se, bhaya se aura hAsya se| krodha ke Aveza meM, lobha meM mana lubhAyA ho, bhaya kA bhUta mana para savAra huA ho athavA hAsyAspada prasaMga ho to mAnava mana sahaja hI asatya bhASaNa meM pravRtta ho jAtA hai| jaba ye vikAra mana ko vikRta banA dete haiM, taba mAnava viveka kI parAkASThA cUka jAtA hai, usakA viveka naSTa ho jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa usakI vANI aura vyavahAra meM asatya jhalakane lagatA hai| AcArya agastyasiMha sthavira, AcArya jinadAsagaNi mahattara aura AcArya haribhadrasUri ne ina cAra kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA hai ki ye cAroM kAraNa upalakSaNa mAtra hai| krodha se mAna ko, lobha se mAyA ko bhI grahaNa kiyA hai| bhaya aura hAsya ke kathana se rAga, dveSa, kalaha, abhyAkhyAna Adi kAraNoM kA bhI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra aneka vRttiyoM ko asatya kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| mUlataH cAra kAraNa, krodha, lobha, bhaya aura hAsya ke kAraNa asatya bolane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ina cUrNiyoM meM mRSAvAda ke cAra prakAroM kA bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai 1. sadbhAva pratiSedha-jo hai, usake viSaya meM yaha nahIM hai| yathA-jIva, puNya, pApAdi ke sambandha meM kahanA ki ye nahIM haiN| 1. nizIthacUrNi 3988 2. dazavaikAlika sUtra 4.12 3. daza cUrNi, pa 145 4. daza cUrNi pa. 148 5. dazavai. hAribhadrIya TIkA patra. 146 6. daza. cUrNi agastyasiMha daza. cUrNi jinadAsamahattara pR. 148

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(279) 2. asadbhAva udbhAvanA-jo nahIM hai, usake lie kahanA ki vaha hai| jaiseAtmA ko zyAmaka, taMdula ke samAna khnaa| 3. arthAntara-eka vastu ko anya batAnA arthAt vastu hai kucha aura use kucha aura btaanaa| 4. gardA-hiMsAkArI, pApakArI aura apriya vacana bolnaa| jaise kANe ko kANA kahanA, mAro, kATo Adi khnaa| isa prakAra ke vacana bolanA jisase sunane vAle ko pIr3A ho| ___ isa prakAra uparyukta cAroM prakAra kA asatya saMbhASaNa sAdhu ke lie sarvathA tyAjya evaM varjanIya kahA gayA hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM sAdhu ke lie prayojya bhASA kA varNana vistRta rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| saptama suvAkya zuddhi nAmaka adhyayana isa viSaya para pUrNataH prakAza DAlatA hai| jainAgamoM meM cAra prakAra kI bhASA varNita hai-1. satya 2. asatya 3. mizra aura 4. vyAvahArikA ina cAroM bhASAoM meM se zramaNa ke lie asatya evaM mizra bhASA sarvathA tyAjya hai| yahI nahIM satya aura vyAvahArika bhASA bhI pApa aura hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA ko lie hue ho, to sAdhu ko usakA bhI vyavahAra nahIM karanA caahie| satya evaM vyAvahArika bhASA kA prayoga sAdhu ko nirdoSatA evaM ahiMsA ke sAtha karanA caahie| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM isakA spaSTataH ullekha hai ki "prajJAvAn bhikSu avaktavya (na bolane yogya) satya bhASA, kiMcit satya evaM kiMcit asatya aisI mizra bhASA kA prayoga vAkyasaMyamI sAdhu na kre| vaha nizcayakArI, bhedakArI, marmakArI, apamAnajanaka, kaTu, karNa-apriya, duHkhakArI bhASA na bole| sAdhu pArivArika saMbaMdha sUcaka bhASA jaise ki hai mAtA-pitA, sakhI, mitra Adi kA vyavahAra na kare aura manovinoda ke lie hAsyAdi meM bhI jhUTha kA prazraya na le| svArtha evaM parArtha ke lie bhI sAdhu ko na svayaM asatya bolanA cAhie, aura na anya ko prerita karanA caahie| asatya vacana sadaiva avizvAsa ko utpanna karatA hai| jaina paramparA asatya ke sAtha apriya satya, sAvadyakArI satya kA bhI niSedha karatI hai|" 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya 91 2. dazavaikAlika 7.1-4, 6-11, 14, 15

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(280) satya mahAvrata kI bhAvanAe~ gRhastha sAdhaka AMzika rUpa se hI satya kI pratipAlanA kara pAtA hai, use svIkAra karane para bhii| usakA satya aNuvrata hotA hai| jabaki sAdhu satya ko pUrNa rUpa se svIkAra karatA hai, isalie usakA satya vrata nahIM apuita mahAvrata hotA hai| krodha, lobha hAsya, bhaya, pramAda Adi mohanIya karma kI prakRtiyoM ke astitva meM rahane para bhI mana, vacana aura kAyA se tathA kRta, kArita aura anumodanA se kabhI bhI jhUTha na bolakara hara kSaNa sAvadhAnIpUrvaka, hitakArI sArthaka aura priyavacana bolanA satya mahAvrata hai| unako nirarthaka aura ahitakArI bolA gayA satya vacana bhI tyAjya hai| isI taraha satya mahAvratI ko asabhya vacana bhI nahIM bolanA caahie| isI prakAra yaha bhojana bahuta svAdiSTa hai, acchA hai, bahuta acchI taraha pakAyA huA hai, sundara hai, AkarSaka hai, aisA sAvadhavacana bhI use nahIM bolanA caahie| maiM yaha kArya Aja avazya hI kara luuNgaa| isa prakAra nizcayAtmaka bhASA sAdhu dvArA prayukta nahIM honI caahie| sAvadha bhASA meM asatya hone kI guMjAiza rahatI hai| isIlie sAdhu ko sadaiva hita, mita, priya vacana bolane kA abhyAsI honA caahie| satya mahAvrata kI sudRr3hatA ke lie bhI pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM ke cintana-manana se saMsAra parimita hotA hai| bhAvanAoM ke nididhyAsana se vratoM meM sthiratA AtI hai| ataH bhAvanAoM kA Agama sAhitya meM vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gyaahai| AcArAGga samavAyAMga aura praznavyAkaraNa meM bhAvanAe~ nirUpita hai yahA~ praznavyAkaraNa meM ullikhita bhAvanAoM ke AdhAra se vizleSaNa karate haiM 1. anucintaya samiti bhAvanA anucintya athavA anuvicintya se tAtparya hai satya ke vibhinna pahaluoM para punaH punaH cintana kara bolnaa| satya ke mahattva ko samajhakara sAdhu usake bAdhaka 1. uttarAdhyayana 25.24, 19,27 2. uttarA. 21.14 3. vahI 1-24-36 4. vahI 31-17 5. tatasthairyArtha bhAvanA paMca paMca tattvArtha 7.3 6. AcArAMga 2 zruta. 15 7. samavAya 25 vAM samavAya 8. prazna saMvaradvAra 7 adhya 9. praznavyAkaraNa saMvara dvAra 7

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(281) tattvoM kA tyAga karatA hai| ye bAdhaka tattva haiM___ 1. alIka vacana jo bAta nahIM hai use kahanA, svayaM kI prazaMsA karane ke lie aura dUsaroM ko nIcA dikhAne ke lie jhUTha bolnaa| 2. pizuna vacana athavA cugalI-nArada kI bhAMti eka dUsare ko ldd'aanaa| cugalI karanA aadi| ___3-4. kaThora vacana tathA kaTu vacana-ye donoM bhI satya ke zatru haiN| hitakArI bAta ko bhI kaThora-kaTu zabdoM meM nahIM kahanA, balki madhura zabdoM kA prayoga krnaa| 5. capala vacana-bahuta kI utAvala, jaldI meM binA soce samajhe bolnaa| isa prakAra sAdhu ko ina bAdhaka tattvoM se bacanA caahiye| TIkAkAroM ne anuvIci bhASaNa kA artha cintanapUrvaka bolanA kiyA hai| prastuta bhASaNa meM bhASA va usake guNa doSoM para cintana karake satya ke prati mana meM dRr3hatA rakhI jAtI hai| 2. krodha nigraha rUpa kSamA bhAvanA ___ asatya bhASA kA prathama kAraNa krodha hai| krodhAveza meM viveka nAza ho jAtA hai| use bhAna nahIM rahatA hai ki maiM kisake sAmane kyA bola rahA huuN| isalie isa bhAvanA meM krodha se bacakara kSamA dhAraNa kI jAtI hai| isa bhAvanA kA uddezya hI yahI hai ki AtmA ko kSamA guNa se bhAvita krnaa| 3. lobha vijayarUpa nirlobha bhAvanA ___ krodha kI bhAMti lobha bhI asatya kA saMhAra karane vAlA hai| lobha ke kAraNa bhI manuSya asatya saMbhASaNa karatA hai| saMsAra meM Asakti evaM mamatva lobha ke hI pariNAma hai| satya kA anveSaka sAdhaka nirlobha bhAvanA ke cintana ke Azraya se lobha vRtti ko samApta karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| sAdhu ko lobha kA tyAga karake bolanA cAhiye kyoMki lobha ke vazIbhUta hokara bhI asatya bolA jAtA hai| 4. bhayamuktiyukta abhaya bhAvanA ___ jaba bhaya kA saMcAra hotA hai, taba vyakti kI buddhi kuMThita ho jAtI hai, usameM karaNIya athavA akaraNIya kA yathAtathya nirNaya karane kI kSamatA nahIM rhtii| bhayabhIta vyakti satya nahIM bola paataa| sAdhu ko bhaya ke duSpariNAmoM kA cintana karake abhaya banane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| sAdhu bhayamukti ke lie abhaya bhAvanA se AtmA ko bhAvita kara satya ke cintana ko sudRr3ha karatA hai|

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(282) 5. hAsya-mukti vacana saMyama rUpa bhAvanA hAsya satya kA zatru hai| haMsI majAka meM dUsaroM ke mana ko to pIr3A hotI hai sAtha hI asatya vANI kA bhI prayoga ho jAtA hai| sAdhu ko hAsya kA tyAga karanA caahiye| hAsya prasaMgoM meM asatya bhASaNa kI saMbhAvanAe~ rahatI hai| ataH haMsI majAka kA parityAga karake saMyama ke dvArA aise saMskAra jAgRta kare ki usakI vANI pUrNa saMyata, nirdoSa evaM yathArtha ho| vaha hita, mita, priya, tathya va satya se saMpRkta vacanoM ko apanI sAdhanA kA aMga bnaaye| isa prakAra sAdhu satya kI ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA dhyAna rakhakara tadanusAra pravRtta hove| jo inake anusAra vyavahAra karatA hai, usane satya mahAvrata svIkAra kiyA hai, kriyAnvita kiyA hai| aura jinAjJA kA pAlana kiyA hai| aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramaparA meM bhASA-sambandhI viveka kA gaMbhIratama cintana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM asatya evaM apriya satya ko tyAjya kahA hai| ukta kathana se yaha tAtparya nikalatA hai ki jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM bhASA saMbaMdhI satya kA sthAna ahiMsA ke pazcAtvartI isIlie hai ki satya bhI ahiMsA se paripUrNa ho evaM ahiMsA ko puSTa karane vAlA ho| ataeva satya ko ahiMsaka banAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa hetu bhASA-vyavahAra meM pUrNatayA satarkatA rakhane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha samajhanA bhUla hogI ki jaina paramparA meM ahiMsA ko vizeSa mahatva diyA hai, satya kA koI mUlya nhiiN| ___ jaina AcAryoM ne satya ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna hI nahIM diyA, use to samagra loka meM sArabhUta kahA hai| unakI dRSTi meM satya to bhagavAn hai (taM saccaM bhgvN)| zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTatayA kathana kiyA hai ki "satya meM mana kI sthiratA karo, jo satya kA varaNa karatA hai vaha buddhimAna samasta pApakarmoM kA kSaya kara detA hai| satya kI AjJA meM vicaraNa karane vAlA sAdhaka isa saMsAra se pAra ho jaataahai|" satya mahAvrata ke apavAda satya mahAvrata ke sandarbha meM Agama granthoM meM kucha apavAdoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi ina apavAdoM meM satya ke sthAna para ahiMsA ko puSTa karane kA dRSTikoNa parilakSita hotA hai| kyoMki jina paristhitiyoM meM satya aura 1. AcA. 2.15.179 2. (praznavyAkaraNa sUtra 2.2.) 3. (AcA. 1.3.2, 1.3.3.)

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(283) ahiMsA meM virodha upasthiti ho jAtA ho aura unameM se kisI eka kA hI pAlana karanA ho to isa paristhiti meM ahiMsA vrata kI rakSA ke lie satya ko apavAda rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AcArAGga sUtra meM kathana hai ki "yadi bhikSu mArga meM jA rahA ho aura sAmane se koI zikArI vyakti Akara usase pUche ki kyA tumane kisI manuSya athavA pazu Adi ko idhara Ate dekhA hai? aisI paristhiti meM prathama to sAdhu usake prazna kI upekSA karake mauna rahe / yadi mauna rahane jaisI sthiti na ho athavA mauna rahane kA artha svIkAra karane kI saMbhAvanA ho to jAnatA huA bhI yaha kaha de ki maiM nahIM jaantaa|" yahA~ spaSTatayA satya vrata meM apavAda mArga kA sevana kiyA gayA hai| aisA hI ullekha nizItha cUrNi meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| bRhadakalpabhASya meM bhI navadIkSitoM ko saMyama meM sthira rakhane ke lie gItArtha dvArA kucha apavAdoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ___ vastutaH yahA~ apavAda mArga kA svIkAra apanI kamajoriyoM ko chipAne ke lie nahIM kiyA gayA varan asatya kA Azraya ahiMsA athavA jIva dayA ko lakSya meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI apane jIvana meM kaI upasargoM kA sAmanA mauna dhAraNa karake kiyaa| Agamika dRSTikoNa meM ahiMsA evaM satya kI paripAlanA para jora diyA gayA hai| apavAda mArga kI svIkRti sApekSa dRSTikoNa ko rakhakara hI dI gaI hai| AcArya zIlAMka ne AcArAGga va sUtrakRtAGga donoM hI vRttiyoM meM apavAda ke sandarbha meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki "pravaMcanA kI buddhi se rahita mAtra saMyama kI rakSA ke lie evaM kalyANa bhAvanA se bolA gayA asatya doSa rUpa nahIM hai|" 3. savvAo adiNNAdANAo veramaNaM (asteya mahAvrata) __ jaina paramparA meM ahiMsA evaM satya ke samAna hI "asteya" para bhI gaharAI se cintana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA asteya kA artha corI nahIM karanA kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM isakA virAT svarUpa grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isake lie prayukta kiyA hai 'adattAdAna' arthAt binA dI huI vastu ko svayaM kI icchA se uThAnA, svAmI kI anumati ke binA kisI bhI vastu ko grahaNa karanA va usakA upabhoga evaM upayoga karanA adattAdAna hai- isakA tyAga krnaa| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM steya aura asteya kI vistAra se vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| usameM steya aura asteya ke aneka rUpa batAye haiN| kisI kI nindA karanA, kisI 1. AcA. 2.133.129 2. nizIthacUrNi 322 3. bRhatkalpa 2.82 4. praznavyAkaraNa AsravadvAra adhya. 3, tathA saMvara dvAra adhyayana.3

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(284) ke doSoM ko dekhavA, cugalI karanA, dAna Adi satkarma meM antarAya DAlanA, anya jIvoM ke prANoM kA apaharaNa karanA, dUsare ke adhikAra ko chInanA, kisI kI bhAvanA ko Thesa pahu~cAnA, kisI ke sAtha anyAya karanA Adi sabhI taskara kRtya haiN| asteya mahAvrata ke sAdhaka ko taskara vRtti ke ina sabhI prakAroM kA tyAga karanA caahie| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM asteya mahAvrata ke lie spaSTa kathana hai ki "muni gA~va meM, nagara meM yA araNya meM thor3I yA bahuta, choTI yA bar3I, sajIva yA nirjIva kisI vastu ko binA diye hue na le, svAmI kI AjJA ke binA na le, na dUsaroM ko isa prakAra adatta lene kI preraNA de aura na adatta grahaNa kA anumodana kreN|" praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM steya kI vividha vyAkhyAoM meM steya kI do paribhASA haiM-1. arthaharaNa 2. adhikAra haraNa asteya vrata kA saMbaMdha artha-padArtha se vizeSa rUpa se hai| jIvita rahane ke lie prANI ko anna , vastra, AvAsa Adi padArthoM kI anivArya AvazyakatA hotI hai| inakA upayoga evaM upabhoga use karanA par3atA hai| karane se pUrva use apanI sImA, maryAdA ke bAre meM socanA par3atA hai| vaha kitane aura kauna se padArtha kA adhikArI hai? kisa vidhi se use grahaNa karanA hai? usakA upayoga ucita hai athavA nahIM? usake dvArA dUsaroM ke adhikAroM kA hanana na ho? anyoM ko jIvana jIne meM kaThinAI na ho? ye sabhI prazna asteya vrata kI mahattA jJApita karate haiN| sAdhu ke lie sAmAnya niyama yahI hai ki vaha apanI AvazyakatA kI pUrti bhikSA dvArA hI kre| na kevala nagara meM athavA gA~va meM varan araNya-vana meM bhI kisI vastu kI AvazyakatA ho to vaha kisI ke diye jAne para hI grahaNa kre| eka tinakA mAtra bhI binA diye vaha grahaNa na kre| jaina paramparA ke anusAra caurya karma bhI eka prakAra kI hiMsA hai| AcArya amRtacandra kA kathana hai ki "artha yA sampatti prANiyoM kA bAhya prANa hai, kyoMki ina para unakA jIvana AdhArita hai isalie kisI bhI vastu kA haraNa usake prANoM ke hanana ke samAna hai| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki yaha adattAdAna (corI) saMtApa, maraNa, evaM bhayarUpI pAtakoM kA janaka hai, dUsare ke dhana ke prati lobha utpanna karatA hai| " 1. (dazavai, 4.13, 6.13-14) 2. (prazna. AsradvAra adhya. 3) 3. (mUlAcAra 5.290) 4. (dazavaikA.6.14) 5.(puruSA 92) 6. (prazna vyA. AsravadvAra adhya.3)

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(285) asteya mahAvrata ke bhAMge acaurya mahAvrata ke caupana (54) bhaMga vikalpa nirdiSTa hai' (1) alpa (thoDI vastu) (2) bahu (adhika) (3) aNu (choTI vastu) (4) sthUla (bar3I vastu) (5) sacitta (ziSyAdi) (6) acitta (vastra-pAtraAdi) ina chaH prakAra kI vastuoM kI na svayaM mana se corI kare, karavAye aura anumodana kare isI prakAra ke aTThAraha bhaMga vacana aura kAyA ke bhI 1843 = 54 bhaMga kula hote hai| acaurya mahAvratI ina sabhI bhaMgoM kA dRr3hatA se pAlana karatA hai| acaurya mahAvrata kI bhAvanA AMcArAMga sUtra meM nimna pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha hai 1. sAdhu prathama vicAra karake parimita avagraha kI yAcanA kre| yadi isake viparIta jo binA cintana kiye hI mitAvagraha kI yAcanA karatA hai, vaha adatta grahaNa karatA hai| ataH parimita avagraha kI yAcanA karane kI bhAvanA krnaa| ____ 2. yAcita vastue~ yathA AhArAdi kA upabhoga AcArya athavA gurU kI AjJA se kre| jo binA anujJA lie sevana karatA hai, to vaha adattAdAna grahaNa karatA hai| yahA~ anujJA ke cintana saMbaMdhI bhAvanA hai| ___ 3. kSetra aura kAla kI maryAdApUrvaka avagraha grahaNa karanA, jo sImA athavA parimANa ko spaSTa nahIM karatA vaha adatta grahaNa karatA hai| 4. jo sAdhu avagraha kI anujJA grahaNa kara lene para bhI punaHpunaH avagraha kI anujJA nahIM letA, vaha bhI adattAdAna-doSa se grasita hotA hai| ataH punaHpunaH anujJA grahaNa saMbaMdhI cintana krnaa| ___5. apane sAdharmika/sahavartI/sahayogI sAdhuoM ke lie bhI vicArapUrvaka parimita parimANa meM vastuoM kI yAcanA krnaa| praznavyAkaraNa meM bhI ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha hai| 1. (pakkhIsUtra AlA. 3) 2. AcA. 2.15 3. prazravyAkaraNa, saMvaradvAra adhya.8

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(286) samavAyAMga', AcArAMgacUrNi', Avazyaka cUrNi meM bhI kucha bhinnatA se sAtha ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM anya prakAra se ye pA~ca bhAvanAe~ ullekhita hai1. zUnyAgAravAsa-parvata kI guphA, vRkSa Adi meM rhnaa| 2. vimocitAvAsa-dUsaroM ke dvArA chor3e hue makAna Adi meM rhnaa| 3. paroparodhAkaraNa-dUsaroM ko Thaharane se na roknaa| 4. bhaikSa zuddhi-AcArazAstra meM batAI vidhi anusAra bhikssaagrhnn| 5. sadharmAvisaMvAda-merA-terA karake sAdharmika se visaMvAda na krnaa| ina bhAvanAoM kA nirUpaNa vratoM kI surakSA ke lie kiyA gayA hai| 1 ina bhAvanAoM ke anucintana se sAdhu kA hRdaya sarala aura nizcita banatA hai| usake mana meM acauryabhAva ke saMskAra sudRr3ha banate haiN| vaha bhUla kara bhI ajJAtarUpa meM bhI kisI kI vastu kA apaharaNa nahIM karatA, adhikAroM kA haraNa nahIM karatA, upakArI ke upakAra ko bhUlatA nhiiN| usakA jIvana uttarottara prazasta hotA jAtA hai| savvAo mehuNAo veramaNaM-(brahmacarya mahAvrata) yadyapi mahAvratoM kI parigaNanA meM kramAnusAra isakA caturthasthAna hai, tathApi apanI mahimA va garimA ke kAraNa sabhI vratoM meM pramukha sthAna rakhatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa mahAvrata kA koI apavAda nhiiN| sAdhu ko isa mahAvrata kA pAlana akATya rUpa se karanA hotA hai| kisI bhI apavAda mArga kA sevana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM isakI yazAgothA kA guNagAna karate hue ullekha hai ki "jaise zramaNoM meM tIrthaMkara zreSTha hai vaise hI vratoM meM brahmacarya zreSTha hai| jo isa brahmacarya vrata kI ArAdhanA kara letA hai, vaha samasta vrata niyamoM kI ArAdhanA kara letA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo isa duSkara brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karatA hai use deva, dAnava, gaMdharva, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnarAdi sabhI namaskAra karate haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM ise sabhI tapoM meM zreSTha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isakI zreSThatA jJApita karate hue prazna vyAkaraNa meM kathana hai ki yaha tapa, niyama, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, samyaktva, vinaya kA mUla hai, sabhI ko zakti pradAna karatA hai|" 1. prazna. saMvara dvAra, adhya. 4 2. sUtra. 1, 6, 23 3. prazna saMvara dvAra adhya. 1 4. prazna.9

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(287) punaH kahA gayA hai ki isa vrata ke bhaMga hone para sabhI vrata tatkAla bhaMga ho jAte hai, cUra-cUra ho jAte haiM, khaMDita ho jAte haiM, unakA vinAza ho jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM brahmacarya jaina paramparA meM brahmacarya vyApaka artha meM carcita hai| prathama va sarvaprAcIna aMgaAcArAMga kA apara nAma hI 'brahmacaryAdhyayana' hai| brahmacarya adhyayana meM pravacana kA sAra hai aura mokSa kA upAya pratipAdita hai| mokSa prApti ke lie jitane bhI Avazyaka sadguNa aura AcaraNa karane yogya bAteM haiM, ve sabhI brahmacarya meM vidyamAna hai| brahmacarya meM sAre mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhU' ke mantavyAnusAra bhAva brahma do prakAra hai-eka sAdhu kA "bastI saMyama" aura dvitIya sAdhu kA "sampUrNa sNym"| ___ sAdhu jIvana grahaNa karate samaya mumukSu sAdhaka mahAvratoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| isameM caturtha brahmacarya hai| vaha deva saMbaMdhI, manuSya saMbaMdhI yA tiryaJca saMbaMdhI sabhI prakAra ke maithuna kA parityAga karatA hai| mana-vacana-kAyA se na svayaM maithuna kA sevana karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai, na maithuna sevana karane vAloM kA anumodana karatA hai| ___ AcArya akalaMka' ne apanA svataMtra cintana tattvArtha vArtika meM prastuta kiyA hai-hasta, pAda, pudgala, saMghaTTanAdi se eka vyakti kA abrahma sevana bhI maithuna hai| kyoMki yahA~ para eka vyakti bhI mohodaya se prakaTa kAmarUpI pizAca se do ho jAtA hai| do ho jAne se unakA karma maithuna kahalAtA hai| unhoMne to yahA~ taka kaha diyA ki puruSa-puruSa kA, strI-strI ke bIca jo aniSTa ceSTAe~ haiM, ve bhI abrahma haiN| abrahmacarya Asakti aura moha kA kAraNa hone se AtmA ke patana kA mahattvapUrNa zramaNa ke lie samasta prakAra kA maithuna trikaraNa aura triyoga se varjita hai| isa vrata kI sAdhanA ke lie sAdhu ko kaThoratama sAvadhAnI rakhanI par3atI hai| AMtarika vaicArika sAvadhAnI ke sAtha hI sAtha usase adhika sAvadhAnI bAhya jIvana evaM saMyogo ke prati rakhanI hotI hai| ucca koTi kI sAdhanA karane vAlA sAdhu bhI 1. AcA. niyukti gA. 11 3. vahI gA 30 kI vRtti 5. dazavaikAlika 4.4, AcA. 2.15 7. tattvArthavArtika 7, 16.9 2. vahI gA. 30 4. vahI gA. 28 6. daza. 44, sama.5

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(288) nimitta milane para sattA rUpa meM (bIjarUpa) meM rahI huI vAsanA ke dvArA patanamArga para agrasara ho sakatA hai| ina nimittoM se dUra rahane ke lie sAdhu ko atyanta sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jAgRta rahanA Avazyaka hai| ataH brahmacarya vrata kI surakSA ke lie sAdhu ko kisa prakAra sAvadhAnI rakhanI cAhiye, usakA uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ullekha hai ki sAdhu ko__1. strI, pazu aura napuMsaka jisa sthAna para rahate hoM, usakA tyAga karanA caahiye| 2. zrRMgAra-rasotpAdaka strI/kathA nahIM karanI caahiye| 3. sAdhu striyoM ke sAtha eka sAtha Asana para nahIM baiThe (unakA sparza bhI na kre)| 4. striyoM ke aMgopAMga viSaya-buddhi se na dekhe| 5. nikaTavartI striyoM ke kuMjana, gAyana, hAsya krandita zabda, rudana aura viraha ke vilApa kA sAdhu zravaNa na kre| 6. gRhastha jIvana meM bhoge hue bhogoM (rati krIr3AoM) kA smaraNa bhI na kre| 7. puSTikAraka (gariSTha) AhAra na kre| 8. maryAdA se adhika bhojana na kare, pramANopeta AhAra kre| 9. zarIra kI vibhUSA (zRMgAra) na kre| 10. indriyoM ke viSaya meM Asakti na rkhe| vAstava meM to sAdhu ko usa sthAna kA turanta hI parityAga kara denA cAhiye, jahA~ use vrata bhaMga kI saMbhAvanA najara AtI ho| brahmacarya kI rakSA ke upAyoM ko Agama sAhitya meM 'guptiyA~' aura samAdhisthAna bhI kahA gayA hai| Agama sAhitya meM isake nau prakAroM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra, samavAyAMga sUtra, meM isakA varNana upalabdha hotA hai1. uttarA. 16.1-1 2. uttarAdhyayana 16.14 3. uttarAdhyayana 16.1-10 4. samavAyAMga-9

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(289) 1. vivikta zayyAsana-brahmacArI kA zayana va Asana strI-pazu-napuMsaka se saMsakta na ho| 2. strIkathA parihAra-striyoM ke zRMgAra, hAva-bhAva, Adi kathAoM kA parihAra kare arthAt tyAga kre| ___3. niSadyAnupavezana-strI ke sAtha ekAsana para na baiThe, yahA~ taka ki usake uTha jAne para bhI eka muhUrta taka usa Asana para na baitthe| 4. strI-aMgopAMga adarzana-striyoM ke aMga-upAMga kI ora dRSTi taka na DAle, yadi dRSTi calI bhI jAe to vahA~ se turanta haTA le| 5. kuDyAntara zabda zravaNAvivarjana-dIvAra Adi kI Ar3a se bhI striyoM ke zabda, gIta, rUpa Adi na sune, na dekhe| ___6. pUrvabhoga smaraNa varjana-gRhastha jIvana meM bhoge hue bhogoM kA smaraNa na kre| 7. praNIta bhojana tyAga-vikArotpAdaka gariSTha bhojana kA tyAga kre| 8. atimAtra bhojana tyAga-rUkSa bhojana bhI pramANopeta kiyA jAye, adhika mAtrA meM na kre| 9. vibhUSAvivarjana-zarIra kI vibhUSA-sajAvaTa kA tyAga kreN| __ina guptiyoM ko bAr3a bhI kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra khetI kI surakSA ke lie kheta ke cAroM aura bAr3a bAMdha dI jAtI hai, ki anya jIvoM se khetI ko nukasAna na ho| usI bhAMti sAdhu jIvana kI surakSA hetu ina nava bAr3o kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| ___ isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM brahmacarya vrata ko zreSThatama vrata ke rUpa meM svIkArA hai| aba bauddha evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM bhI isakA svarUpa darzana kreN| bauddha paramparA meM brahmacarya ___ bauddha paramparA meM bhI brahmacarya kI mahimA kA gAna eka svara se kiyA gayA hai| dhammapada' meM varNita hai ki "agaru aura candana kI sugaMdha alpa hai, para zIla kI saMgudha itanI vyApaka hai ki vaha mAnava loka to kyA devaloka meM bhI vyApta hai|" visuddhimagga' meM bhI zIla kI sugaMdha ko ati vyApaka kahA hai| 1. dhammapada 4.12 2. visuddhimagga pari. 1

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(290) sAtha hI kahA hai ki yadi kisI ko svarga ke ucca sthala para pahu~canA ho to brahmacarya ke samAna usa sthala para pahu~cane ke lie anya koI sIr3hI nhiiN| bauddha tripiTaka meM brahmacarya tIna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai1. dIghanikAya meM yaha buddha dvArA pratipAdita 'dharmamArga' ke artha meM,2 . 2. isI nikAya ke poTThapAda meM usakA artha 'bauddha dharma meM nivAsa'3 hai, jisase nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| 3. isakA tIsarA artha maithuna viramaNa kiyA gayA hai|' isa prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI brahmacarya kA mahattva kama nahIM hai| 'zIlasamAdhi-prajJA' isa rUpa meM zIla ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| ise hI nirvANa (mokSa) kA dvAra rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| brAhmaNa paramparA meM brahmacarya vaidika paramparA meM Azrama vyavasthA svIkRta hai| cAra AzramoM meM prathama brahmacaryAzrama hai| isa para hI anya AzramoM kI nIMva TikI hai| Rgveda', atharvaveda, taitirIya, saMhitA', zatapatha brAhmaNa meM brahmacarya aura brahmacArI zabdoM kA ullekha huA hai| vaidika kAla Azrama kI dhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se prApta nahIM hotii| jabaki chAndogyopaniSad meM pahale AzramoM kA varNana huA hai| jAbAlopaniSad meM cAroM hI AzramoM kA spaSTataH ullekha hai| kAlAntara meM dharmasUtroM meM Azrama vyavasthA pUrNataH spaSTa huii| __brahmacaryAzrama meM to isakI pradhAnatA hai hI, kintu anya gRhasthAzrama ke atirikta donoM vAnaprastha evaM saMnyAsa Azrama meM bhI isakI paripAlanA pUrNarUpa se kI jAtI hai| gRhasthAzrama meM bhI isakI maryAdita chUTa dI gaI hai| ___ yahA~ taka AcArya vAtsyAyana ne kAmazAstra meM bhI isakI garimA ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai| isa prakAra vaidika paramparA meM bhI brahmacarya ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| 1. visuddhimagga pari. 1 2. dIghanikAya mahAparinivvANasutta pR. 131 3. vahI poTThapAda pR.75 4. visuddhimagga prathama bhAga pR.ya 195 5. Rgveda 10.109.5 6. atharvaveda 5.17.5, 11.5.1.26 7. taitarIya saMhitA 3.10.5 8. zatapatha brAhmaNa 9.54.12 1. chAMdogya 2.23.1 10. jAbAla upa.4 11. gautama dharmasUtra 3.1.35, bodhAyana dharmasUtra 2.6.29

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(291) vedoM ke prazasta bhASyakAra sAyaNa ne brahmacArI kA artha vedAtmaka brahma kA adhyayana karanA jisakA svabhAva hai vaha mAnA hai| veda brahma hai| savvAo pariggahAo veramaNaM (aparigraha mahAvrata) yaha sAdhu kA pA~cavA~ mahAvrata hai| parigraha kA tyAga karanA aparigraha hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne 'mUrchA parigrahaH 2 arthAt mUrchA bhAva parigraha hai, yaha ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya zayyaMbhava ne bhI isI tathya kA samarthana karate hue kiyA hai| 'mucchA pariggaho vutto' spaSTa hai parigraha kA mUla icchAe~, Asakti, tRSNA, vAsanA hai| sAdhu ko sabhI prakAra ke parigraha se virata honA caahiye| - 'parigraha' kI vyAkhyA prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra ke TIkAkAra karate haiM ki "jo sampUrNa rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai, vaha parigraha hai| " yahA~ sampUrNa rUpa se grahaNa karane kA artha mUrchA buddhi se grahaNa karanA hI hai| isIlie sAdhu ko inase virata hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM ullikhita hai ki zramaNa ko sarva parigraha kA cAhe vaha alpa ho yA adhika ho, cAhe vaha sajIva (jIvanayukta-ziSya Adi para mamatva rakhanA athavA mAtA-pitA kI AjJA ke binA kisI ko ziSya banAkara apane pAsa rakhanA) ho athavA nirjIva vastuoM kA ho, choTI ho yA bar3I ho tyAga karanA caahiye| sAdhu mana, vacana aura kAyA se na parigraha rakhe, na rakhavAve aura na parigraha rakhane kA anumodana kre| parigraha rakhane kI vRtti Antarika lobha kI hI dyotaka hai| isalie jo zramaNa kisI bhI prakAra kA saMcaya karatA hai, vaha zramaNa na hokara gRhastha hI hai| parigraha ke bheda jaina AgamoM meM parigraha do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI bhagavatI sUtra meM parigraha ke tIna prakAra bhI batAye gaye haiM-1. karma parigraha 2. zarIra parigraha 3. bAhya bhANDamAtra prigrh| 1. arthaveda 11.5.1, 11.5.17(sAyaNabhASya) 2. tattvArtha. 7.17 3. daza. 6.20-21 4. prazna. vRtti 215 5. daza. 4.5 6.daza.6.19 7. bhagavatI 18.7

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(292) 1. karma parigraha-rAga dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara aSTa prakAra ke karmoM ko grahaNa krnaa| 2. zarIra parigraha-jIvoM kA zarIra dhAraNa karanA, zarIra parigraha hai| 3. bAhya bhANDamAtra parigraha-bAhya vastu aura padArtha aadi| vAstava meM antaraGga aura bAhya parigraha meM ina tInoM kA hI samAveza ho jAtA hai| antaraGga parigraha praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM antaraMga parigraha ke liye kahA gayA hai ki "lAlasA, tRSNA, icchA, AzA aura mUrchA ye antaraMga parigraha haiM, jo ki bAhya parigraha kA kAraNa hai| aMtaraMga parigraha ke yahA~ pA~ca kAraNa darzAye haiM-mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura azubha yog| bRhatkalpa bhASya meM caudaha kAraNoM kA kathana haiM- 1. krodha 2. mAna 3. mAyA 4. lobha 5. rAga 6. dveSa, 7. mithyAtva 8. veda 9. arati 10. rati 11. hAsya 12. zoka 13. bhaya 14. jugupsaa| kahIM para rAga aura dveSa ko kaSAya meM sammilita kara veda ke strIveda, puruSaveda, napuMsaka veda isa prakAra 14 bheda dikhAI dete haiN|" vastutaH mUla rUpa se viSaya, kaSAya, rAga, dveSa, mithyAtva Adi ke kAraNa mUrchAvaza hokara karmabaMdha karake jIva saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| bAhya parigraha ___ yadyapi sAdhu ke lie aMtaraMga aura bAhya sabhI parigraha tyAjya hai, tathApi AvazyakatAnusAra sAdhu ko Avazyaka kucha vastue~ rakhane kI chUTa dI gaI hai| bAhya parigraha kI dRSTi se digambara evaM zvetAmbara paramparA meM kiMcit matabheda hai| digambara paramparA meM muni kI Avazyaka vastuoM (upadhi) ko tIna bhAgoM meM 1. jJAnopadhi-zAstra, pustaka, kalama Adi 2. saMyamopadhi-morapaMkha se nirmita picchi Adi 1. prazna pR.761 2. prazna vRtti pR. 761 3. bRhatvakalpa 1.831, pratikramaNatrayI pR. 175 4. vahIM. 1.831 dekhie bola saMgraha bhAga-5 pR. 33

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(293) 3. zaucopadhi-zarIra-zuddhi ke lie jala grahaNa karane kA paatr-kmnnddlu'| vastrAdi digambara muni ke lie niSedha hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM AgamoM meM cAra prakAra kI vastue~ rakhane kA ullekha hai1. vastra 2. pAtra 3, kambala 4. rajoharaNa praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM sAdhu ke lie caudaha prakAra ke upakaraNoM kA vidhAna hai| 1. pAtra-lakar3I-miTTI yA tumbe kA, 2. pAtrabaMdha-pAtra bAMdhane kA kapar3A 3. pAtra sthApanA-pAtra rakhane kA kapaDA, 4. pAtra kesarikA-pAtra poMchane kA kapar3A, 5. paTala-pAtra DhaMkane kA kapar3A 6, rajastrANa 7. gucchaka 8-10 pracchAdaka or3hane kI cAdara (muni vibhinna nApoM kI 3 cAdareM rakha sakatA hai| 11. rajoharaNa 12. mukhavastrikA 13. mAtraka 14. colptttt| ina caudaha vastuoM kA parigraha muni kara sakatA hai| vAstava meM ina Avazyaka sAmagriyoM kA vidhAna saMyama-rakSA hetu kiyA gayA hai| ataH ye dharmopakaraNa kahe jAte haiN| saMyamayAtrA ke sukhapUrvaka nirvahaNa hetu muni inako grahaNa kare kintu ina para mamatva na rkhe| apavAda rUpa meM sevAbhAva ke lie, roganivAraNa ke lie anya vastu ko rakhane kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| bAhya parigraha ke antargata AcArya haribhadra ne nau bhedoM kA, tathA bRhatkalpabhASya meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne dasa bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai-1. kSetra-khulI bhUmi 2. vAstu-bhavanAdi 3. hiraNya-cAMdI 4. svarNa-sonA 5. dhana-sampati 6. dhAnya 7. dvipada-dAsa-dAsI 8. catuSpada-pazu Adi 9. kupya-gRha saMbaMdhita saamaan| jinabhadra ne dasa prakAra varNita kiye hai-kSetra, vAstu, dhana, dhAnya, saMcaya (tRNa-kASTa Adi), mitrajJAtisaMyoga (parivAra), yAna (vAhana), zayanAsana (palaMga-pITha Adi) dAsa-dAsI, aura kupy| sAdhu ko ina saba parigraha se virata honA caahie| aparigraha mahAvrata kI pAMca bhAvanAe~-1. zrotendriya saMvara bhAvA 2. cakSurindriya saMvara rUpa bhAvanA 3. ghrANendriya 1. mUlAcAra 1.14 2. AcArAMga 1.2.5.90 3. prazna-10, bolasaMgraha bhAga-5 pR. 28-29 4. zramaNasUtra pR. 50, Ava. hAribhadrIyAvRtti a.5 5. bRhatkalpa bhA. 825

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(294) saMvara bhAvanA 4. rasanendriya saMvara bhAvanA 5. sparzanendriya saMvara bhaavnaa| ye pAMcoM hI bhAvanAe~ iMdriyoM ke viSayoM kI Asakti kA niSedha karatI haiN| sAdhu ke antarmAnasa meM parigraha ke prati AkarSaNa ko ina bhAvanAoM ke satata-cintana se dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sAdhu alpa yA bahuta, choTA yA bar3A, sajIva yA nirjIva padArthoM para mamatva nahIM rkhtaa| savvAo rAIbhoaNAo veramaNaM (rAtri bhojana parityAgavata) __sAdhu ke paMca mahAvratoM ke pAlana ke sAtha sAtha chaThAvrata rAtri bhojana parityAga kA hai| uparyukta pAMca mahAvrata haiM aura yaha chaThA vrata hai| pAMcoM viramaNa ke sAtha sammilita karake chaThe vrata ke dazavakAlika sUtra meM 'vayachakaM chaH vratoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| etadartha paMcamahAvratoM ko mUlaguNa tathA rAtri bhojanaviramaNa vrata ko uttaraguNa ginA gayA hai| digambara paraMparA meM ise mUlaguNa rUpa meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra sAdhu sampUrNataH rAtri bhojana kA parityAga karatA hai| vAstava meM isa vrata kA pAlana sAdhu aMhisA mahAvrata evaM saMyama kI rakSA hetu karatA hai| ___ dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki muni sUryAsta ho jAne para sabhI prakAra ke AhAra Adi bhogoM kI icchA mana se bhI na kre| mahApuruSoM ne ise nitya-tapa kA sAdhana kahA hai jo rAtribhojana nahIM karate, kyoMki rAtri meM AhAra karane se aneka sUkSma jIvoM kI hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| pRthvI para aise sUkSma, trasa, sthAvara jIva vyApta rahate haiM, ki rAtri bhojana meM unakI hiMsA se bacA nahIM jA sktaa| isa vrata meM aMhisA kI virATa dRSTi rahI huI hai| isI kAraNa sAdhu ko rAtribhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| AcArya amRtacaMdra ne isa vrata viSayaka do ApattiyA~ prastuta kI haiM-1. dina kI apekSA rAtri meM bhojana ke prati tIvra Asakti rahatI hai aura brahmacarya mahAvrata kA nirvighna pAlana bhI nahIM ho sktaa| 2. rAtri bhojana se bhojana-pakAne athavA prakAza ke lie agni pradIpta karane para aneka jaMtu jala jAte haiM tathA bhojana meM girate haiM, ataH rAtri bhojana hiMsA se mukta nahIM hai| . 1. daza. niyukti. 268 2. uttarAdhyayana 19 3. daza. 6.23-26 4. puruSArthasiddhayupAya 132

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(295) prazna hai ki Agama-graMthoM meM paMca mahAvratoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, vahA~ chaThA rAtribhojana kA vrata ke rUpa ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA, usakA kyA kAraNa hai? uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke pArkhApatya kezI zramaNa aura gaNadhara gautama ke saMvAda meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kA cAturyAma vAlA dharma tathA mahAvIra bhagavAna kA pAMca zikSA vAlA dharma kahA gayA hai| AcArAMga sUtra, prazravyAkaraNa ke saMvaradvAra meM bhI pA~ca mahAvrata kA ullekha hai| ina pAMca mahAvratoM ke sAtha rAtribhojanaviramaNa kA ullekha hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki rAtribhojana viramaNa ko yAma, zikSA aura vrata ke rUpa meM bAda meM grahaNa kiyA gayA ho| isakA samAdhAna AcArya jinadAsagaNi mahattara karate haiM ki "prathama aura carama" tIrthaMkara ke sAdhu RjuprAjJa hone ke kAraNa rAtri bhojana ko saralatA se tyAga dete the| AcArya haribhadra ne Rjujar3a evaM vakrajar3a sAdhuoM kI apekSA se ise mUlaguNa mAnya kiyA hai| jaina paraMparA meM to rAtribhojana kA niSedha kiyA hI hai, kintu vaidika paraMparA meM bhI ise atyadhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| mArkaNDeya RSi ne rAtribhojana ko mAMsAhAra ke samAna mAnA hai| mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM bhI ise varjanIya kahA gayA hai| yogazAstra meM kathana hai ki jo rAtribhojana karatA hai vaha nikRSTa yoni meM janma grahaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra sAdhu ko paMca mahAvrata ke sAtha rAtri bhojana viramaNa vrata kA pAlana bhI anivArya rUpa se karanA hotA hai| rAtri bhojana dhArmika dRSTi se bhI tyAjya hai hI kintu vaijJAnika va svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI hAniprada hai| bauddha paraMparA meM dasa bhikSu zIla mAnya kiye gaye haiN| usa dasa zIloM meM se chaThI zIla hai vikAlabhojana vrjn| yaha vikAla bhojana varjana rAtri meM bhojana parityAga rUpI chaThe vrata ke sannikaTa hai| isa prakAra brAhmaNa evaM zramaNa donoM hI paramparA meM rAtri bhojana karanA heya-tyAjya mAnA gayA hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana 23-12 2. AcA. 2.15 3. prazna. saMvara dvAra 4. daza. jinadAsacUNi pR. 153 5. daza. hAribhadrIyA TIkA. pR 150 6. mahAbhArata zAMtiparva 7. vahI 8. yogazAstra 3.67 8. vinayapiTaka mahAvagga 1.56

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(296) 4. paMca mahAvratoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina paraMparA sAdha ke lie paMcamahAvrata + rAtribhojana parityAga svarUpa chaH vratoM kA vidhAna karatI hai| usI taraha anya paraMparAyeM bhI ina vratoM ko sthAna detI hai yA nahIM, usa para bhI hama dRSTipAta kreN| jaina paraMparA ke samakAlIna hai bauddha prNpraa| kyA, bauddha paraMparA meM bhI paMca mahAvrata mAnya kiye gaye haiM? vaha bhI hama dekheM (ka) bauddha paraMparA-meM daza prakAra ke zIla kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai-1. prANAtipAta viramaNa 2. adattAdAna viramaNa 3. abrahmacarya yA kAmesu micchAcAra viramaNa 4. mUsAvAda (mRSAvAda) viramaNa 5. surAmerayamadya (mAdaka dravya) viramaNa 6. vikAla bhojana viramaNa 7. nRtyagItavAditraviramaNa 8. mAlyadhAraNa, gandha vilepana viramaNa 9. uccazayyA, mahAzayyA viramaNa 10. jAtarUpa rajatagrahaNa (svarNarajatagrahaNa) virmnn| ina daza zIloM meM se jaina paraMparA chaH zIla arthAt pAMca mahAvrata aura chaThA rAtribhojana ke rUpa meM svIkArya hI hai| yadyapi zeSa cAra zIla ko mahAvrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra na karane para bhI sAdhu ke lie avazyameya tyAjya kahA hai| madyapAna, mAlyadhAraNa, gaMdha vilepana, nRtyagIta vAjitra evaM uccazayyA ye sAdhu ke lie avazyameva varjanIya hai| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to paMca mahAvrata evaM bhikSuzIla meM bAhya zAbdika samAnatA to hai hI, sAtha hI donoM kI mUlabhUta bhAvanA prAyaH samAna hai| bauddha paraMparA meM bhI inakA khUba gaharAI se cintana kiyA hai| (kha) brAhmaNa paraMparA meM paMca yama (mahAvrata) jisa prakAra jaina paraMparA sAdhu ke paMcamahAvrata va rAtribhojana parityAga vrata kA vidhAna karatI hai, usI prakAra brAhmaNa (vaidika) paraMparA paMca yama ko svIkAra karatI hai| pAtaMjala yoga sUtra meM paMca yama mAnya kiye haiM-1. ahiMsA 2. satya 3. asteya 4. brahmacarya aura 5. aprigrh| inako mahAvrata bhI kahA gayA hai| jo jAti, deza, kAla aura samaya kI sImA se rahita hai| tathA sabhI avasthAoM meM, nirapekSa rUpa se pAlana karane yogya haiM, ve mahAvrata kahe gaye haiN| mahAbhArata meM vedavyAsa ne bhI niSkAmayogI ke lie ina paMca yamoM kA sevana Avazyaka batAyA hai| ahiMsA mahAvrata-vaidika paraMparA meM saMyAsI ko trasa evaM sthAvara donoM prakAra kI hiMsA niSiddha hai| 1. vinayapiTaka mahAvagga 1.56 3. mahAbhArata zAMtiparva 9.19 2. pAMtajala yoga sUtra-sAdhanapA 32 4. vahI

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(297) satya mahAvrata-jaina paraMparA kI bhAMti yahA~ asatyabhASaNa tathA kaTubhASaNa bhI varjita hai|' isI bhAMti asteya vrata kA bhI pAlana karanA batAyA gayA hai| brahmacarya mahAvrata-saMyAsI ko brahmacarya mahAvrata kA pUrNarUpa se pAlana karanA caahie| vaidika paraMparA meM svIkRta maithuna ke AThoM aMgoM kA sevana usake lie varjita hai| aparigraha kI dRSTi se bhikSu ke lie jalapAtra, pavitra (jala chAnane kA vastra), pAdukA, Asana evaM kandhA Adi sImita vastue~ rakhane kI anumati dI gaI hai| vAyu purANa meM sAdhu saMyAsI ke upayoga meM Ane vAlI vastuoM ke nAma ullikhata hai| jaina paraMparA kI bhAMti vaidika paraMparA meM bhI saMyAsiyoM ko dhAtu pAtra niSiddha batAyA gayA hai| jisakA ullekha manusmRti meM hai| vahA~ kathana hai ki "saMyAsI kA bhikSApAtra evaM jalapAtra miTTI, lakar3I, tumbI yA binA chidravAle bAMsa kA honA caahiye|" jaina paraMparA kI bhAMti vaidika paraMparA meM bhI ina pAMcoM hI mahAvratoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| hiMsA ke antargata trasa-sthAvara kA niSedha svIkAra kiyA hai| vaidika paraMparA meM bhI bauddha paraMparA kI bhAMti pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu meM jIva sattA mAnya nahIM kI gii| isalie unakI hiMsA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA, jabaki sthUla aura sUkSma trasa prANiyoM kI tathA vanaspati Adi jaMgama yA sthAvara prANiyoM kI hiMsA na karanA, svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| satya para vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai| asatya uccAraNa kaba kiyA jAya? usake lie ullekha hai ki 'jaba satya aura ahiMsA meM virodha hone para bhI bolanA Avazyaka hone kI sthiti ho tathA na bolane para saMdeha utpanna hotA ho, taba asatya kA avalambana le sakatA hai| ' mahAbhArata kA yaha dRSTikoNa AcArAMga se sAmya lie hue hai| manu ne bhI aisI sthiti ke lie kahA hai ki yadi hiMsaka anyAya se bhI koI pUche to uttara nahIM denA cAhiye athavA pAgala kI bhAMti aspaSTa hAM-hUM pralApa karanA zreyaskara hai| satya mahAvrata jaina paraMparA ke ati nikaTa hI hai, atyadhika sAmya lie hue hai| maithuna ke ATha aMga jaina 1. manusmati 6.47-48 3. vahI 5. vahI pR. 493 7. mahAbhArata zAMtiparva 326.13 2. mahAbhAratazAMtiparva 9.19 4. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa bhAga. 1 pR. 413 6. manusmRti 6.53-54 8. vahI-pAtaMjalayoga pradIpa pR. 377

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(298) paraMparAgata brahmacarya kI nava vADa se sAmyalie hue hai| isa prakAra paMca mahAvratoM meM sAmya tathA vaiSamya hai| 6. mahAvratoM ke saraMkSaNa kI vyavasthA svarUpa : aSTa pravacana mAtA jaina paraMparA meM mahAvratoM kI surakSA, vizuddhatA evaM unakI paripuSTatA ke lie aSTa pravacana mAtA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| pravacana mAtA kise kahA jAya? uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM samiti aura gupti' ko 'pravacanamAtA' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ina pravacana mAtA meM saMpUrNa dvAdazAMgI samAviSTa hai| dvAdazAMgI meM jJAnadarzana cAritra kA vistRta vivecana hai, inako pravacana kahA gayA hai| mAtA apane bAlaka kA rakSaNa-poSaNa karatI hai, use saMskArita karatI hai, usI prakAra pravacanamAtA jJAna-darzana-cAritra kA rakSaNa, poSaNa karake cAritra pAlana meM sAdhu ko saMskArita karatI hai| AtmA ke ananta guNoM ko vikasita karAne vAlI, usakA AdhAna karAnevAlI yaha pravacana mAtA hai| samiti : paribhASA__ pratikramaNa sUtra ke vRttikAra AcArya nemi ne samiti kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai ki "prazasta ekAgratApUrvaka kI jAne vAlI Agamokta samyak pravRtti samiti kahalAtI hai"| isa prakAra cAritra kI jo samyak pravRtti hai| ye samitiyA~ AcaraNa kI pravRtti ke lie hai| zarIradhAraNa karane ke lie athavA saMyama yAtrA kA nirvahaNa karane ke lie sAdhu jo kriyAe~ saMpAdita karatA hai, vaha samiti hai| samiti : prakAra samitiyA~ pAMca hai-1. IryA 2. bhASA 3. eSaNA 4. AdAnabhaNDa nikSepaNA 5. uccArAdi prtisthaapn| ina pAMcoM samitiyoM ke sAtha tIna gupti-1. mana 2. vacana aura 3. kAyA ko bhI samiti se abhipreta kiyA gayA hai| TIkAkAra ne isake rahasya ko udghATita karate hue kahA ki gaptiyA~ kevala nivRtyAtmaka hI nahIM hotI, pravRtyAtmaka bhI hotI hai| isI dRSTi se inako samiti bhI kahA gayA hai| jo samiti hotA hai vaha niyamata: gupta hotA hI hai aura jo gupta hotA hai vaha samita hotA bhI hai aura nahIM bhI hotaa| mUlArAdhanA meM AcArya zivArya kA kathana hai ki 1. uttarAdhyayana 24.1 3. pratikramaNa sUtra vRtti) 5. vahI 7. uttarA. bRhadvRtti pR. 514 2. vahI 24.3 4. uttarAdhyayana 24.26 6. uttarAdhyayana 24.2

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(299) "samitiyoM kA samayak prakAra se pAlana karanevAla sAdhu jIvoM se Akulita isa virATa vizva meM rahate hue bhI pApoM se lipta nahIM hotaa| jisaprakAra eka yoddhA jisane sudRr3ha kavaca dhAraNa kara rakhA hai, usa para bhISaNa bANoM kI varSA bhI use bIMdha nahI sakatI, usI prakAra samitiyoM kA samayak pAlana karane vAlA sAdhu jIvana ke vividha kAryoM meM pravRtta hotA huA bhI pApoM se nirlipta rahatA hai|' 1. IryA samiti yuga parimANa arthAt cAra hAtha Age kI bhUmi ko ekAgra citta se dekhate hue yatanApUrvaka gamanAgamana karanA IryA samiti hai| IryA kA arthagamana hai| gamana viSayaka satyapravRtti IryA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kathana hai ki sAdhu ko calate samaya pAMcoM hI iMdriyoM ke viSayoM tathA pAMcoM prakAra ke svAdhyAyoM ko chor3akara mAtra calane kI kriyA meM lakSa rakhakara calanA caahiye| AcArAGga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke tIsare adhyayana kA nAma hI IryA hai| isameM IryA ke viSaya meM vistRta carcA hai| usameM ullekha hai ki 1. IryA kA artha yahA~ kevala gamana karanA nahIM hai| apane liye bhojanAdi kI talAza meM to prAyaH sabhI gamana karate haiM, use yahA~ IryA nahIM kahA gayA, yahA~ to sAdhu ke dvArA kisI vizeSa uddezya se kalpa-niyamAnusAra saMyamabhAvapUrvaka yatanA evaM viveka se caryA (gamanAdi) karanA IrSyA hai|' 2. isa dRSTi se yahA~ 'nAma-IryA', 'sthApanA IryA' 'tathA' 'acittamizradravya IryA' ko chor3akara sAdhu ke dvArA 'sacita dravya IryA, "kSetraIryA, kAlaIryA se sambaddha bhAvaIryA vivakSita hai| caraNa IryA aura saMyama IryA ke bheda se bhAva IryA do prakAra kI hotI hai| ataH-sthAna, gamana, niSadyA aura zayana ina cAroM kA samAveza IryA meM hotA hai| 3. isI ke antargata kisa dravya ke sahAre se, kisa kSetra meM (kahA~) aura kisa samaya meM (kaba) kaise evaM kisa bhAva gamana ho, isakA pratipAdana IryA meM hotA hai| IryA samiti kI vizuddha ArAdhanA va sAdhanA ke lie cAra bAtoM kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai-1. Alambana 2. kAla 3. mArga 4. ytnaa|' 1. mUlArAdhanA 6.1200-2 2. Avazyaka hAribhadrIyA vRtti) 3. uttarA 24.8 4. AcA. TIkA. patra 374. AcA.: ni. gA.605, 306 5. AcA. TIkA patra 374, AcA. ni. 307 6. AcA. TIkA patra 374 7. AcA. TIkA patra 374, uttarAdhyayana 24.4-8

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(300) isa samiti kA AlaMbana jJAna, darzana va cAritra hai| sAdhaka svAdhyAya va dhyAna ke lie, AhAra-pAnI-vastrAdi eSaNIya padArthoM kI gaveSaNA ke lie, zArIrika mala-mUtrAdi visarjana ke lie aura grAmAntara jAne ke lie gamanAgamana karatA hai| yahI prastuta samiti kA AlaMbana hai| __2. kAla-sAdhu IryAsamiti kA pAlana kAlAnusAra arthAt dina meM kare, rAtri meM nhiiN| 3. mArga-utpathavarjita (sumArga) mArga para gamana kre| kumArga meM jAne se saMyama kI virAdhanA hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| 4.yatanA-yatanA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se cAra prakAra kI kahI gaI hai| dravya se AMkhoM se jIvAdi dravyoM ko dekhakara cale, kSetra se yugapramANa (cAra hAtha) bhUmi Age dekha kara gamana kare, kAla se jaba taka dina rahe aura bhAva se apane upayoga ko pA~ca indriyoM ke viSaya, pA~ca prakAra svAdhyAya ko varjita karake cle| prastuta samiti kI samagra vivecanA meM pramukha dRSTi ahiMsA mahAvrata kI rakSA hai| ahiMsA kI paripAlanA jIva rakSA hai| ahiMsA kI paripAlanA jIva rakSA meM nihita hai, ataH jIvarakSA karate hue gamana karane kA vidhAna hai| 2. bhASA samiti vivekapUrvaka bhASA kA prayoga karanA bhASA samiti hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, bhaya, vAcAlatA aura vikathA ina ATha doSoM se rahita AvazyakatAnusAra bhASA meM pravRtti krnaa| inako tyAga kara buddhimAna sAdhu samaya para niravadya (pApa rahita) parimita bhASA bole| muni apekSA, pramANa, naya aura nikSepa se yukta hita, mita, madhura evaM satya bhASA bole| barka kA kathana hai ki saMsAra ko duHkhamaya banAne vAlI adhikAMza duSTatAe~ zabdoM se utpanna hotI hai| isa prakAra sAdhu ko bhASA viveka sAvadhAnI ke sAtha karanA caahiye| samayAnukUla vivekapUrvaka kiyA gayA bhASA kA prayoga satya mahAvrata ke pAlana meM sahAyaka hotA hai| 1. uttarA 24.4 2. AcA. 2.8.90. 263-64 . 3. vahI 2.1.14 4. vahI 5. uttarAdhyayana 24.5 6. vahI 7. uttarA. 24.6, dazavaikAlika 5.1.9-10 8. uttarA 24.9-10 9. AcA. 2.4.133-140, dazavai. a. 7, Ava. hAribhadrIyA vRtti. 10. amaravANI pra.107

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(301) 3. eSaNA samiti eSaNA arthAt AvazyakatA athavA cAha / jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti sAdhu evaM zrAvaka donoM ko hI karanI hotI hai| jisameM AhAra va sthAna pramukha hai| sAdhu ko yAcanA ke dvArA apanI AvazyakatA kI pUrti viveka pUrvaka karanA hI eSaNA samiti hai / eSaNA ko gaveSaNA bhI kahA jAtA hai| sAdhu AhAra, vastra, pAtra Adi para mamatva na rakhakara, nirdoSa asana, vasana, pAtra ko grahaNa kreN| uttarAdhyayana meM kathana hai ki "AhAra, upadhi tathA zayyA kI gaveSaNaisaNA, grahaNaiSaNA tathA paribhogaiSaNA ye pratyeka kI jo tIna-tIna eSaNAe~ haiM, unakI vizuddhi ko arthAt gavaiSaNA, grahaNa aura grAsa (paribhoga) sambandhI doSoM se adUSita grahaNa karanA eSaNA samiti hai| punaH kathana hai ki yatanAvAna sAdhu pahalI gaveSaNA meM udagama ke solaha aura utpAdana ke solaha doSoM kI, dUsarI grahaNaiSaNA meM eSaNA ke zaMkitAdi dasa doSoM kI zuddhi kare tathA paribhogaiSaNA meM saMyojana pramANa, aMgAra, dhUma aura kAraNa ina cAra doSoM kI vizuddhi kre| tAtparya yaha hai ki AhAra, zayyA, vastra, pAtra Adi ko udgamAdi ke doSa TAla kara yAcanA, grahaNa aura bhoga kre|" 4. AdAna bhaNDa nikSepaNa samiti sAdhu kAma meM Ane vAlI vastuoM ko vivekapUrvaka sAvadhAnI se uThAve aura use rkhe| yaha AdAna nikSepaNA samiti hai| samitivanta sAdhu sadaiva yAtanApUrvaka A~khoM se paDilehaNa (dekhakara) aura pramArjana karake donoM prakAra kI ogha upadhi (jo sadaiva pAsa meM rahe) tathA aupagrahika (thor3e samaya ke lie grahaNa kI jAya) upadhi ko grahaNa kare aura rkhe| muni ko vastu ke grahaNa-nikSepaNa meM prANI-hiMsA na ho jAve isa prakAra sAvadhAnI pUrvaka sajaga rahanA caahiye| 5. uccArAdi pratisthApana paristhApanikA arthAt visrjn| uccAra-vaDInIta (viSThA), praznavaNa-laghunIta (mUtra) khela-zlekSma (kapha), siMghANa-nAka kA maila, jalla-zarIra kA maila, 1. uttarAdhyayana 24.11 2. vahI 3. uttarAdhyayana 24.12 4. uttarA 24.13-14

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(302) AhAra-na khAne yogya AhAra, upadhi-jIrNavastrAdi upadhi, deha-mRtadeha athavA isI prakAra kI anya vastue~ Adi ko yatanApUrvaka paraThe-visarjana kre| ina vastuoM ko aise sthAna para DAle ki jisase vrata kA bhaMga bhI na ho aura na hI logoM ko ghRNA ho| ina zArIrika maloM kA kisa sthaMDila (sthAna) meM paraThe (DAle) usake lie cAra bhaMgoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 1. aNAvAyamasaMloe-jahA~ koI AtA bhI na ho aura dekhatA bhI na ho| 2. aNAvAe hoi saMloe-jahA~ AtA to koI nahIM kintu dUra khar3A huA dekhatA ho| 3. AvAsamasaMloe-jahA~ koI AtA to hai, parantu dekhatA nhiiN| 4. AvAe saMloe-jahA~ koI AtA bhI hai aura dekhatA bhI hai| uparyukta cAra bhaMgoM meM se pahalA bhaMga zuddha hai zeSa tIna bhaMga azuddha haiN| isa prakAra sAdhu yatra-tatra zArIrika maloM ko na DAlakara jahA~ AvAgamana na hotA ho, aise sthAna para pratisthApana kre| isa prakAra saMkSepa meM pA~ca samiti kA kathana karake aba tIna guptiyoM kA vivecana kreNge| tIna gupti _ 'gopana' se gupti zabda vyutpanna huA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai-dUra karanA, khIMca lenaa| eka anya artha bhI isakA pracalita hai, DhakanevAlA yA rkssaa-kvc| mana, vacana aura kAyA ke sAtha jaba gupti kA yoga hotA hai, taba isakA artha ho jAtA hai-mana-vacana-kAyA kI azuddha pravRttiyoM se rakSA, AtmA kI azubha se rakSA evaM kuzala pravRttiyoM meM sNyojn| jaba taka asamyak pravRtti se nivRtti nahIM hotI, vahA~ taka koI bhI pravRtti samyak nahIM ho sktii| prastuta dRSTi se samyak pravRtti meM gupti honA anivArya hai| guptiyA~ tIna haiM - 1. manogupti 2. vacana gupti 3. kAya gupti 1. vahI 24.15 2. vahI 24.16 3. uttarAdhyayana 24.21 4. sthAnAMga vRtti patra 105-106 5. uttarAdhyayana 24.1-2

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(303) 1. manogupti mana ke vicAroM kA gopana karanA, kaise vicAra? azubha, kutsita, aprazasta vicAroM se mana ko dUra karanA manogupti hai| ye azubha vicAra kauna se haiM? saMraMbha, samArambha aura AraMbha meM pravRtti karate hue mana ko sAdhu yatanApUrvaka haTA leNve|' saMraMbha arthAt mAnasika saMkalpa, samArambha arthAt mAnasika dhyAna yA vicAra Arambha arthAt kriyA ke liye prArambha karane kA vicAra karanA Arambha hai| ina tInoM azubha vikalpoM se mana ko haTAnA caahiye| __ mana ke vicAroM kI yaha pravRtti satya, asatya mizra aura anubhava hotI hai| (1) satya manogupti-sadbhUta padArtha meM pravartamAna mana kI pravRtti ko rokanA, (2) asatya manogupti-mithyA padArthoM meM pravartamAna mana kI pravRtti ko roknaa| (3) satyamRSA manogupti-satya aura asatya se mizrita mana ke vicAroM ko rokanA (4) asatyamRSA manogupti-satya, asatya evaM satyAsatya se rahita mana ke vicAroM ko roknaa| isa prakAra sAdhu ko dUSita vRttiyoM se mana ko rokakara rakhanA, manogupti hai| 2. vacana gupti asatya bhASA ke sAtha karkaza, ahitakara, hiMsA yukta vANI ko rokanA vacana gupti hai| vacana ke saMraMbha, samArambha evaM Arambha sambandhita vyApAra ko rokanA, sAtha hI asatya na bolanA, cugalI na karanA, vikathA na karanA, mauna rahanA vacana gupti hai| niyamasAra meM strIkathA, rAjakathA, corakathA, bhojanakathA Adi vacana kI azubha pravRtti evaM asatyavacana ke parihAra ko bhI vacanagupti kahA gayA hai| tAtparya yahI hai ki sAdhu azubha pravRtti yukta vacana kA pUrNataH nirodha kre| manogupti kI bhAMti hI vacana gupti ke bhI 1. satyavAk 2. mRSAvAk 3. satyamRSAvAk 4. asatyamRSAvAk ye cAra prakAra hai| 1. uttarA. 24.21 2. vahI 24.20 3. uttarA 24.23 4. niyamasAra 67 5. uttarA. 24.22

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(304) 3. kAya gupti zArIrika kriyA saMbaMdhI saMraMbha, samArambha tathA Arambha meM pravRtti na karanA, uThate-baiThate, hilane-calane, sone meM saMyama rkhnaa| azubha kAyika vyApAroM kA tyAga karanA satpravRtti yatanApUrvaka karanA kAyagupti hai| sAtha hI pA~coM indriyoM kI pravRtti meM zarIra kI kriyAoM kA niyamana karanA kAya gupti hai| niyamasAra meM baMdhana, chedana, mAraNa, AkuMcana tathA prasAraNa Adi zArIrika kriyAoM se nivRtti kAyagupti hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM uparyukta pA~coM samiti cAritra kI pravRtti ke lie aura tInoM gupti azubha kArya se sarvathA nivRtti ke lie kahI gaI hai| isa prakAra samiti pravRttirUpa aura gupti nivRtti rUpa hai| niyamasAra meM ise rAgadveSa Adi se nivRtti manogupti, asatyavacana se nivRtti evaM mauna vacana gupti aura zArIrika kriyAoM se nivRtti tathA kAyotsarga ko kAya gupti kahA gayA hai| jo muni ina ATha pravacana mAtAoM kA samyak prakAra se AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha paMDita sAdhu saMsAra ke samasta baMdhanoM se zIghra chUTa kara mokSa ko prApta kara letA uparyukta vivecana se pUrNatayA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aSTapravacana mAtA sAdhujIvana kA AdhAra hai| zramaNa jIvana kA samyak pAlana inake mAdhyama se sucArU hotA hai| jo inake pAlana meM pUrNa jAgRta hai, usakA AcAra bhI vizuddha hotA hai| bauddha paramparA meM samiti evaM gupti bauddha paramparA meM yadyapi samiti evaM usake pA~ca prakAra ke vargIkaraNa kA ullekha nAma mAtra se, zabdataH nahIM huaa| tathApi jaina paramparA meM ullikhita pA~coM hI samitiyoM kA vidhAna avazya vahA~ kiyA gayA hai| artharUpa se samiti kA Azaya bauddha granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| 1. vahI 24.24-25 2. niyamasAra 67 3. uttarA. 24.26 4. niyamasAra 67-70 5. uttarA 24.27

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(305) IryAsamiti ke sadRza vinayapiTaka meM nirdeza hai ki "muni sAvadhAnI pUrvaka manthara gati se gamana kre| gamana karate samaya variSTha bhikSuoM ke Age na cle|" bhASAsamiti kI bhAMti dhammapada meM kathana hai ki "jo bhikSu vANI meM saMyata hai, mitabhASI hai, vinIta hai, vahI dharma aura artha ko prakAzita karatA hai| usakA bhASaNa madhura hotA hai|"2 eSaNA samiti ke samAna kahA gayA hai ki "rAtri vyatIta hone para muni grAma meM praveza kare, vahA~ na to kisI kA nimantraNa svIkAra kare aura gA~va se koI bhojana lAkara de, use svIkAra kre| sahasA evaM cupacApa vicaraNa kre| bhikSA ke lie saMketa na kre| yadi bhikSA mile yA na mile, alpa mile yA bahuta mile vaha avahelanA yA tiraskAra na karake mauna bhAva se dAtA se grahaNa karake avicalita rahakara vana meM lautte| " na asamaya vicaraNa kare, asamaya vicaraNa se Asakti utpanna ho sakatI hai| jJAnI puruSa asamaya meM vicaraNa nahIM krte| ____saMyuktanikAya meM buddha kA kathana hai ki "bhikSuoM bhikSu Ane-jAne meM saceta rahatA hai, dekhane-bhAlane meM saceta rahatA hai, pasArane-sameTane meM saceta rahatA hai, saMghATI, pAtra cIra ko dhAraNa karane meM saceta rahatA hai| pakhAnA-pezAba karane meM saceta rahatA hai| jAte, khar3e hote, baiThate, sote, jAgate, kahate, cupa rahate saceta rahatA hai| bhikSuoM isa prakAra bhikSu samprajJa hotA hai|" ___isa uddharaNa meM upalakSaNa se pA~coM hI samitiyoM kA bayAna kiyA gayA hai| samiti zabda vyavahRta na hone para bhI pA~coM samiti kI vivecana yahA~ dRSTigata hotA hai| isase, uparyukta kathana se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki buddha kA ye dRSTikoNa jaina paramparA ke sannikaTa hai| bauddha paramparA meM gupti ___ samiti ke samAna gupti ko bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna jaina paramparA kI bhAMti bauddha paramparA bhI mAnya karatI hai| gupti zabda buddha paramparA meM bhI abhipreta hai| suttanipAta meM vahA~ gupti zabda hI prayukta huA hai| jisa prakAra tridaNDa kA ullekha jaina paramparA meM huA hai", usI prakAra yahA~ tIna karma mAnya kiye gaye haiN| aMguttara nikAya meM ise zucitA zabda se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| 1. vinayapiTaka 8.4.4 2. dhammapada 363 3. suttanipAtta 37.32-35 4. vahI 23.11 5. saMyuktanikAya 34.5.1.7 6. sutta nipAta 4.3 7. sthAnAMga 3.126 8. aMguttaranikAya 3.118

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(306) buddha ne kahA "bhikSuoM tIna zuci bhAva hai, vaha zarIra (kAyA) kI zucitA hai| jo jhUTha bolane, cugalI khAne, vyartha bolane se virata rahatA hai, vaha vANI kI zucitA hai| jo nirlobhI, akrodhI evaM samyagadRSTi hotA hai, vaha mana kI zucitA hai| isa prakAra buddha ne yahA~ para mana-vacana-kAyA kI aprazasta pravRtti ko rokane kA nirdeza kiyA hai|" vaidika pararamparA meM samiti aura gupti jaina paramparA meM jisa prakAra gamanAgamana Adi meM viveka hetu paMca samiti kA vidhAna hai, usI bhAMti vaidika paramparA meM bhI inakA arthataH ullekha prApta hotA hai| gamanAgamana kI kriyA meM sAvadhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki "saMnyAsI ko jIvoM ko kaSTa diye binA calanA caahiye|"2 mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM "trasa-sthAvara donoM prakAra kI hiMsA se rahita gamanAgamana kriyA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|" bhASA samiti ke sadRza manu nirdeza karate haiM ki "muni ko sadaiva satya bolanA caahiye| vANI ke viveka kA vivecana mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM vistRta rUpa se upalabdha hotA hai|" bhikSAvRtti ke lie bhI pA~ca prakAra kA vidhAna hai, 1. madhukara madhumakkhI yA bhaure ke samAna pA~ca-sAta ghara se bhikSA prApti 2. prAkpraNItazayana sthAna se uThane se pUrva prArthita bhojana 3. ayAcita-bhikSATana se pUrva nimantrita bhojana 4. tAtkAlika-pahu~cane para brAhmaNa bhojana karane kI sUcanA de| 5. upapannaAzrama yA maTha meM pakA bhojanA laanaa| isI ke sAtha yaha bhI ullekha hai ki saMnyAsI ko bhikSATana ke lie gA~va meM mAtra ekabAra, vaha bhI taba, jaba rasoIghara se dhuMA nikalanA banda ho jAya, agni bujha jAye aura bartana Adi alaga rakha diye jAye taba jAnA caahiye| ___ yaha sAvadhAnI pUrvaka viveka jaina paramparA se atinikaTa hai| samiti nAma se zabda sAmya na hone para bhI artha sAmya spaSTaH jhalakatA hai| madhukarI-bhikSAvRtti Adi meM to zabda samAnatA bhI sthApita hai| nikSepaNa va pratisthApana samiti kI vaidika paramparA meM carcA nahIM hai to virodha bhI dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra yaha paramparA bhI samiti vicAra ko jaina paramparA ke sadRza sthAna detI hI hai| 1. vahI 3.118 2. manusmRti 6.40 dekhie dharmazAstra kA itihAsa bhAga-1 3. mahAbhAratazAMtiparva 9.11 4. manu smRtti 6.46 5. mahA zA. 109. 15-19 6. dekhie dharmazAstra kA itihAsa bhAga-1 pR. 492 7. mahA. zA. 9.21-24

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(307) vaidika paramparA meM gupti vaidika paramparA meM saMnyAsI ke lie tridaNDI zabda bhI vyavahRta huA hai| datta kA isake lie.kathana hai ki "tridaNDa dhAraNa karane mAtra se saMyAsI tridaNDI nahIM ho jaataa| vAstava meM jo AdhyAtmika daNDa dhAraNa karatA hai, vahI tridaNDI hai|" AdhyAtmika daNDa se mana-vacana-kAyA kA niyantraNa hI abhipreta hai| - jaina paramparA meM jahAM tridaNDa, prayukta huA hai usI artha va zabda sAmya ko vaidika paramparA ne bhI dhAraNa kiyA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhane para jaina-bauddha evaM vaidika tInoM hI paramparAoM meM samiti evaM gupti kA samAnarUpa se vyavahAra huA hai| sAmAnya bhinnatA ko chor3akara arthataH sAmya dRSTigocara hotA hI hai| (7) anya darzanoM meM sAdhu evaM sAdhutva bauddha paramparAgata sAdhu kI avadhAraNA mahAtmA buddha prarUpita bauddha paramparA meM sAdhu pada ke lie bhikSu samAnArthaka zabda pracilita huA hai| bauddha sAdhu ko bauddha bhikSu sAdhanA se hI nirvANa yA Atyantika du:khanivRtti ho sakatI hai| nirvANa prApti ke lie bhikSutva anivArya hai| upAsaka kI sAdhanA mAtra sugati hI pradAna kara sakatI hai, AtyaMtika duHkhanivRtti nhiiN| bhagavAna buddha ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki aisA koI manuSya mere khyAla meM nahIM, jisane gRhastha jIvana se Atyantika duHkha nivRtti prApta kI ho| gRhastha jIvana pUrNasAdhanA ke lie ayogya hai| isIlie unhoMne anekAneka vyaktiyoM ko pravrajyA hetu utsAhita kiyaa| buddha ke samaya meM vividha zramaNa aura brAhmaNa parivrAjakagaNa the| ina parivrAjakagaNoM meM aneka adhyAtmagaveSI kulaputra gharabAra kA parityAga karake, pravajita hokara koI zAstra athavA AcArya ke anuzAsana meM brahmacaryavAsa karate the| parivrAjakagaNoM meM vyApaka niyama aura prathAe~ samAna thiiN| vizuddhi ke prayatna meM sabhI parivrAjaka saMsAratyAga pUrvaka brahmacarya aura aparigraha kA pAlana karate the aura prAyaH sabhI saMgaThanoM meM uposatha, varSAvAsa Adi prathAe~ pracalita thii| parantu AhAra-vihAra, vezabhUSA Adi ke niyamoM kA vistAra bhinna-bhinna thaa| 1. dakSasmRtti 7.27.31, dharmazAstra kA iti. pR. 494 2. tevijjavacchagotasutta, majjhima nikAya

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(308) buddha ke zAsana meM guru kA rUpa kalyANamitra kA hai aura usakA kArya hai-patha pradarzana / zAkyamuni ke ziSyoM ko apane bala para hI calanA hotA thA, apane bala para hI nirbhara rahatA thA arthAt unako AtmadIpa yA AtmazaraNa banane kA upadeza diyA gyaa| isa sAdhanAyAtrA meM dharma hI unakA sahAyaka aura niyAmaka hotA hai| isalie dharma ko yAna yA mArga kahA gayA hai| dharma hI buddha kI vAstavika kAyA hai| bhikSuoM ke atyAjya dharmoM meM mahattvUparNa thA AraNyaka shynaasn| yaha dharma ekAntavAsa kA mAhAtmya darzAtA hai| kintu bAda meM kramazaH sahavAsa kA prAdhAnya bar3hatA gyaa| aneka prAcIna granthoM meM bhikSu ke khaDgaviSANa sama (geMDA jaise) ekAkI jIvana kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| parantu yaha bhI nirvivAda hai ki bAda meM ekAkitA kA sthAna AvAsiktA ne le liyaa| pauSadha meM bhikSuoM ke lie niyatarUpa se ekatrita honA Avazyaka thA aura varSAvAsa meM inakA cArikA (eka gA~va se dUsare gA~va jAnA) kA bhI niSedha thaa| cullavagga meM buddha anAthapiMDika ko kahate haiM ki "vihAradAna yaha sarva meM zreSTha dAna hai, kyoMki isake kAraNa bhikSu kI samAdhi meM varSA, dhUpa, hiMsaka pazu Adi antarAyeM nahIM aatii| jisase sujJa upAsakoM ko yathAzakti vihAra banavAkara vidvAna bhikSuoM ko AvAsa kI suvidhAe~ denA cAhie aura unako yathAzakti annadAna bhI denA caahie|" isakA pariNAma yaha AyA ki bhikSuoM meM saMgaThita AvAsika jIvana kA vikAsa huaa| bhikSuoM kI saMkhyAvRddhi aura vihAroM kI samRddhi se bhikSusaMgha ke saMgaThana meM parivartana AtA gyaa| isase buddhi ne bhinna-bhinna prasaMgoM meM bhikSuoM ke anuzAsana hetu niyama bnaae| ye niyamavAkya zikSApada khlaaye| ina zikSApaMdoM kA saMgraha dharmavinaya yA vinaya kahalAtA hai| vinaya kA artha hai 'anuzAsana hetu shikssaa'| (8) sAdhutva kI upayogitA kinhI logoM kA mantavya hai ki jaina darzana vyaktivAdI hai, svArthaparaka hai| vahA~ mAtra svArtha ko hI kendrabhUta rakhA gayA hai, paramArtha ko nhiiN| vastutaH jaina darzana. adhyAtma ke kSetra meM vyakti ke vyaktivAdI hone kA samarthana karatA hai, kintu vyAvahArika kSetra meM samaSTivAda kI maryAdAoM kA niSedha nahIM krtaa| jaina paramparA meM do dhArAe~ hamezA se pravAhita rahI hai-gRhastha aura sAdhu / gRhastha jIvana ke do pakSa haiN| jahA~ gRhastha eka ora apane laukika pakSa ko sudRr3ha aura sundara banAne kA 1. khaggavisANasutta, suttanipAta

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(309) prayAsa karatA hai, vahA~ vaha dUsarI ora apanI anukUlatA aura dRSTikoNa se lokottara pakSa ko bhI sajAne-saMvArane meM lagA rahatA hai| jabaki sAdhu kA kartavya mAtra lokottara pakSa ko sudRr3ha karanA hotA hai| ___ lokottara pakSa ko sundara banAne meM lagA sAdhu apanA kartavya karatA huA kyA vaha rASTra, samAja meM upayogI ho sakatA hai? hameM isa para vicAra karanA hai| isa vicAra ko kaI bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. sAmAjika kSetra meM sAdhu kI bhUmikA 2. Arthika kSetra meM sAdhu kA yogadAna 3. naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA meM sAdhu kA sahayoga 4. sAhityika sAdhanA 5. zikSA prasAra 1. sAmAjika kSetra meM jaina sAdhu kI bhUmikA arhat RSabhadeva ne pahale samAja kI racanA kI aura phira ve AtmasAdhanA meM lge| bhAratIya jIvana ke vikAsakrama meM unakI yaha dena prAraMbhika evaM atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| grAma-nagara Adi kI saMyojanA evaM suvyavasthA inake samaya meM huI, to laukika zAstra aura loka vyavahAra kI zikSA bhI tabhI pracalita huii| Adhunika samAjavyavasthA meM unakI bahuta bar3I dena hai| sAmAjika jIvana kA susaMcAlana vyaktiyoM ke sahayoga para nirbhara hai| yaha sahayoga sahiSNu guNa para AdhArita hai| jJAna mUlaka sahiSNutA kI adhikatA prema ko utpanna karatI hai| jisa samAja meM jitanI sahiSNutA yA sahanazIlatA hogI, usake aMgoM meM prema kA sampAdana bhI utanA hI adhika hogaa| prema yA sneha-sauhArddha saMgaThana yA ekatA kA AdhArasUtra hai| sAdhu samAja meM sahiSNutA-samatA guNa ke vikAsa ke lie satata pratyanazIla rahatA hai| vaha svayaM to zatru-mitra arthAt prANImAtra para kSamAbhAva rakhatA hai aura samAja ke vyaktiyoM ko akrodhabhAva, kSamA rakhane kA upadeza detA hai| samAja kI isase adhika aura kyA sevA ho sakatI hai? jAtivAda-sampradAyavAda kA ghuna samAja ko khokhalA kiye jA rahI hai| janma se uccakula kI dhAraNA rakhane vAle logoM ne apanI ahamanyatA meM nimnahIna kulavAle logoM para atyAcAra kiye haiN| isa kSetra meM sAdhu samAja ne krAMtikArI kadama uThAye haiN| isa rUr3hivAditA ko samUla naSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai|

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(310) unakA kathana hai ki "kSatriya, brAhmaNa, zUdra Adi janma se nahIM, karmAnusAra hote haiM jisakA cayana mAnavajAti karatI haiN| sAdhu caryA se samAja meM U~ca-nIca kI asamAnatA khuda-ba-khuda miTa jAtI hai| unake upadeza meM isa bhAvanA ko miTAne kA vizeSa jora diyA jAtA hai| ve upadeza ke mAdhyama se bhI miTAne kA prayAsa karate haiM, yahA~ taka ki unake upadeza meM U~ca-nIca, nirdhana-dhanavAna, nara-nArI, choTebar3e Adi kA antara nahIM rhtaa| sabhI unake upadeza se lAbhAnvita ho sakate haiN| isa prakAra sAdhu janajIvana meM se jAtivAda kI jar3e khokhalI karatA hai tathA janajana meM se asamAnatA ke viSa ko samApta kara samAnatA kI bhAvanA jAgRta karatA hai| yahA~ taka vyakti ke sAtha samaSTi meM bhI AmUlacUla parivartana lAne kA hotA hai| ve svayaM ke jIvana meM, Antarika vRttiyoM meM parivartana karane meM rata rahate haiM, tathA anyoM meM bhI isa parivartana ko kriyAnvita karane kA bharasaka prayAsa karate haiN|" isa tathya ko sabhI mAnya karate haiM ki AdhyAtmika cetanA jAgRta karake nAgarikoM ko viSaya aura kaSAya se vimukha karane meM sAdhu kA bahuta bar3A yogadAna rahA hai| jina logoM ne unake upadeza ke anusAra alpArambhI aura alpaparigrahI jIvana jIyA, unakA jIvana sukhI va saphala ho gyaa| rASTra kA uddezya nAgarikoM ko sukha-zAMti pradAna karanA hai| sAdhu usa rASTrIya kArya meM, zAMti yajJa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna pradAna karatA hai| isake viparIta kaI sAdhu saMkucita aura sampradAyavAdI dRSTikoNa se virata nahIM ho pAte, unameM sudhAra kI bahuta AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki isase vaha samAja kA ahita aura akalyANa kara rahA hai| logoM ko gumarAha kara rahA hai| samAja-rASTra aura vyaktigata sukha zAMti ko bhaMga kara rahA hai| phalataH sadgati se unheM dUra dhakela rahA hai| Arthika kSetra meM jaina sAdhu kA yogadAna . . manuSya apanA puruSArtha artha, kAma, dharma, mokSa, ina cAroM kI prApti meM lagA rahA hai| ina cAroM ko hama do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate hai- eka sAmAjika, dUsarA aadhyaatmik| artha aura kAma sAmAjika puruthArtha hai, jisameM artha sAdhana hai tathA sAdhya hai kaam| dharma aura mokSa AdhyAtmikatA se jur3e haiM, jisameM dharma sAdhana haiM aura mokSa saadhy| jaina darzana vAstava meM mokSa darzana hai, kyoMki usakA puruSArtha mokSa-mArga para avalambita hai| dharma aura mokSa puruSArtha meM samAja ko prerita karatA hai| zeSa do puruSArthoM ko to mAtra sparza karatA hai| ve samAja darzana ke viSaya haiN|

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(311) lekina sAmAjika karutiyA~, yA karttavya, yA artha aura kAma para niyantraNa kA kArya mokSa darzana kI paridhi meM haiM / ataH Arthika kSetra meM vizuddhikaraNa kA kArya sAdhu ne apane hAtha meM liyA hai| unakA upadeza sadaiva prAmANika jIvana yApana karane kA rahA hai| vartamAna samaya meM dina-pratidina samAja meM prAmANikatA kA abhAva ho rahA hai, jisakA unnayana sAdhuoM ke dvArA ho sakatA hai| ___ yaha satya hai ki sAdhu rASTra ko Arthika rUpa se susampanna karane ke lie kucha bhI nahIM karatA, kyoMki vaha svayaM artha aura kAma se pare hai| vaha pUrNa rUpa se zrAvaka-gRhasthoM para avalambita hai| unake AhAra-vihAra, AvAsa Adi kI vyavasthA saMgha karatA hai| to kyA sAdhu samAja para bhAra hai? jo sAdhu AgamAnusAra pravRtti va AcaraNa karate haiM, ve bhAra svarUpa nhiiN| kyoMki unake AhAra saMbaMdhI niyamoM ke avalokana se spaSTataH jJAta hotA hai ki madhukarI vRtti se jIvana yApana karane vAlA kaise bhAra rUpa ho sakatA hai? vaha samAja ko Arthika rUpa se hAni nahIM phuNctaa| sAdhu ko bhI yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki vaha samAja se jitanA le, usase adhika dene kA prayAsa kre| dUsarI dRSTi se bhI isa para vicAra kreN| sAdhu rASTra kI koI sampatti apane pAsa nahIM rakhatA, na hI usa para moha karatA hai| yahA~ taka ki vaha to samAja ko bhI AvazyakatA se adhika sampatti nahIM rakhane kA upadeza detA hai| vaha aparigrahI hai aura aparigrahavAda kA upadeza dene kA bhI adhikArI hai| aise saiMkaDoM udAharaNa zAstroM meM tathA Adhunika kAla meM milate haiM ki unake upadeza se zrAvakoM ne parigraha-parimANa vrata liyaa| unake upadeza se zikSAlaya, auSadhAlaya sthApita kiye gaye haiM / tyAga kI bhAvanA jAgRta karane meM tathA dhanika varga meM dAna kI preraNA dekara samAja meM kalyANakArI kArya karavAne kA zreya sAdhuoM ko hI hai| naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA meM sAdhu kA sahayoga kisI bhI rASTra kI unnati usa deza ke nivAsiyoM para avalambita hotI hai| nAgarikoM ke pArasparika sahayoga, saMgaThana tathA tyAga kI bhAvanA se deza meM apUrva bala paidA hotA hai| sAdhu hamezA samAja ke samparka meM AtA hai, use upadeza detA hai| AdhyAtmika cetanA jAgRta karane ke sivAya vaha samAja meM una guNoM ke vikAsa ke lie apratyakSa rUpa se kArya karatA hai, jinase eka nAgarika dUsare ke prati snehabhAva rakhatA hai| eka vyakti dUsare vyakti ke lie, samAja, dharma aura deza ke lie mahAna se mahAna tyAga karane ke lie taiyAra ho jAtA hai| dUsare kI sevA karane meM apane kA

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(312) sAphalya dekhatA hai| saha astitva kA mUlyAMkana karAne meM jaina sAdhuoM kA bahuta bar3A hAtha hai| ahiMsA, satya, prema, sahanazIlatA Adi mahAn guNoM ke vikAsa meM sAdhu samAja mahattvapUrNa kArya kara rahA hai| vizAla dRSTikoNa lekara sAdhuoM ne sadguNoM ke prasAra ke liepracAra kie haiM, aura unako saphalatA bhI prApta huI hai| anekAneka sAdhuoM ne jaina aura jainetara samAja meM apanA sammAnanIya sthAna banA liyA hai| loga binA jAtIya bhAvanA se unakA upadeza zravaNa kara apanA jIvana naitika banAne kA prayAsa karate haiN| yahA~ eka prazna vicAraNIya hai ki "jaina sAdhu ahiMsA mahAvratI hotA hai| unakA upadeza bhI ahiMsA ke pracAra va prasAra ke lie hotA hai| yadi deza ke saMkaTa ke samaya ahiMsAtmaka upadeza de to deza nirbala ho jaavegaa| aura na hI sAdhu zatru kA sAmanA karane ke lie hiMsAtmaka kadama uThAne ko kahegA, aisI saMkaTakAlIna paristhiti meM unakA upadeza kAmayAba nahIM ho skegaa|" vAstava meM sAdhu ke lie zatru aura mitra donoM samAna hai| vaha na kisI para rAga karatA hai, aura na kisI para dvess| to zatru kA mukAbalA karane kA to koI prazna hI nahIM uThatA? aise aitihAsika pramANa milate haiM, jahA~ sAdhu ke Atmabala ke sAmane zatru bhI natamastaka hue hai| zramaNa paramparA meM do pakSa haiM-zrAvaka aura shrmnn| zrAvaka ahiMsANuvratI hotA hai| vaha saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAgI hotA hai, virodhI hiMsA kA nhiiN| isase spaSTa hai ki zrAvaka ke kartavyoM ke vivecana ke samaya sAdhu isa tathya ko vismaraNa to nahIM kregaa| jaina sAdhu samatA ke siddhAnta kA pracAra hI nahIM karatA varan yaha bhI upadeza detA hai ki sabakI AtmA eka samAna hai| saba prANiyoM ke zarIra meM antara ho sakatA hai, kintu AtmA sabakI samAna hai| vanaspati se lekara manuSya taka jitane bhI prANavAn jIva haiM, sabhI meM samAna AtmA hai| isa prakAra sAmyadarzana ko jAnakara vyakti sabhI para samabhAva rakhakara mitratA sthApita karatA hai| U~ca-nIca, hInatAtiraskAra ke bhAva hRdaya meM se palAyana kara jAte haiN| ataH prANimAtra ke prati aura sauhArdra kA sUcana karatA hai| jo ki vizvamaitrI kI baMsI bajAkara prema-sneha kI saritA ko bahAtA hai| phalataH kleza-vaimanasyabhAva kA jahara usake hRdaya meM se nikala jAtA hai, snehAmRta kA prasAda jana-jana meM vitarita karatA hai| ghora hiMsA ke pratIka katlakhAne bUcar3akhAne Adi banda karAne kA adhikAMza

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(313) zreya jaina sAdhu ko jAtA hai| rASTra, samAja meM vyApta hiMsA kA niSedha hI ve nahIM karate varan usake virodha meM Atma samarpaNa karane se bhI ve nahIM cuukte| isa prakAra sAdhu kI yaha abhayadAna kI sAdhanA prANIrakSA meM atyanta hitAvaha hai| jaina sAdhuoM kI sAhityasAdhanA __saMskRti kI sabase bar3I nidhi usakA sAhitya hai, jo sAre vizva meM usake vicAroM kA pratinidhitva karatA hai aura usake gaurava ko akSuNNa banAye rakhatA hai| jaina vidvAnoM kI adhikAMza racanAe~ adhyAtma para racita hai, sAmAjika vyavasthA para nhiiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zramaNa paramparA kA vikAsa AtmalakSI dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para huA hai| zAzvata satya mokSa prApti kI vyAkhyA meM unhoMne sAhitya sarjana kiyaa| ve samAja vyavasthA ko dharma ke sAtha jor3anA nahIM cAhate the| dharma ko parivartanazIla samAja vyavasthA ke sAtha saMyukta karane se unakA dhruva rUpa vikRta ho jaataa| yadyapi sAdhuoM ne AdhyAtmika sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai tathApi prAyaH usake pratyeka aMga para bhI avazya racanAe~ kI hai| udAharaNa svarUpa jyotiSa, Ayurveda, rAjanIti, samAjazAstra Adi mahattvapUrNa aMgoM para bhI unakI samartha lekhanI calI hai| nItivAkyAmRta-AcArya somadeva kI racanA meM rAjanIti ke samasta aMgoM kA citraNa prastuta karatA hai, jo ki vidvadsamAja ke lie Adarza rUpa hai| isI prakAra mahApurANa, dharmazarmAbhyudaya Adi granthoM meM bhI rAjanIti kA sundara vivecana hai| isa prakAra rAjanItiparaka granthoM ko racakara unake dvArA Atmahita sAdhane kI kar3I ko usake sAtha jor3A hai| sAdhuoM kA samagra jIvana jJAnArAdhanA maya hotA hai| isameM svahita ke sAtha samAja hita bhI samAyA hai| prAcIna kAla meM sAdhu samAja ne zruta racanA karake samAja kI abhUtapUrva sevA kI hai| unakI racanAe~ hajAroM varSa uparAnta prakAza puMja banI huI hai, jisase jagat ko adyApi prakAza mila rahA hai| una manISiyoM dvArA pratipAdita jar3a-cetana saMbaMdhI tathya Aja bhI vaijJAnikoM ke anveSaNa ke viSaya bane hue haiN| isa prakAra sAhitya-sarjana karake sAdhu varga meM janakalyANa ke lie anamola khajAnA bharakara bhava vana meM bhaTakate prANiyoM kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| . zikSA prasAra meM sAdhuoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna sAhitya sarjana taka hI unakA kArya sImita na rahA, balki zikSA prasAra meM bhI unhoMne mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai|

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(314) isa kSetra meM pA~ca prakAra se prasAra karatA hai 1. sAdhu pratidina dharmopadeza ke lie pravacana sabhA meM jAtA hai| ina sabhAoM meM mumukSu evaM jijJAsuoM ke sAtha jJAna-vijJAna kI carcA karatA hai| 2. pravacana sabhA ke atirikta saMgoSThI bhI Ayojita karate haiM, jinameM sAdhuoM ke sAtha-sAtha vidvAn varga bhI sammilita hote haiN| carcA ke sAtha vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna, zaMkA-samAdhAna evaM gUr3ha tattvoM para maMthana hotA hai| isa prakAra ina saMgoSThiyoM ke mAdhyama se jJAna-zikSA ke prasAra kA mahattvapUrNa kArya karatA hai| 3. bAlaka, puruSa, striyA~ Adi ke lie zikSaNa zivira kA Ayojana karAne meM sAdhuoM kA pramukha hAtha hai| isakA zreya sAdhu ko jitanA deM, utanA kama hai| 4. kaI zikSAlaya, vidyAlaya, mahAvidyAlaya aura yahA~ taka vizvavidyAlaya kI sthApanA sadguruoM ke upadeza kA pratiphala hai| prAcIna Azrama vyavasthA kI bhAMti Aja bhI gurukuloM kI sthApanA karake samAja meM sAkSaratA ke kadama prAcIna paddhati ke anusAra bar3hAye jA rahe haiN| inakA saMcAlana-nirdezana meM unakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| 5. vidyAlayoM ke sAtha-sAtha pustakAlaya, vAcanAlaya Adi kI sthApanA bhI sAdhuoM ke varad hastoM se huI hai| jisake dvArA, bhI samAja meM jJAnArjana kA mArga prazasta huA hai| __ vastutaH sAdhu apane tyAga evaM vairAgya pUrNa jIvana, AcaraNa ke dvArA logoM ko apanI ora AkarSita karatA hai| isa AkarSaNa ke mAdhyama se vaha loka kalyANakArI kArya karatA hai| vaha svayaM to niSparigrahI jIvana jItA hai evaM usI nispahatA ke mAdhyama se samAjasevA evaM jJAna prasAra ke lie saMsthAoM kI sthApanA karatA hai| apane anubhava ke mAdhyama se gatipradAna karatA hai| ___ isa prakAra jaina sAdhu apane AtmakalyANa ke sAtha hI sAtha paramArtha kA bhI kArya karatA hai| isase spaSTataH jJAna ho jAtA hai ki sAdhu kA rASTrIya kSetra meM yogadAna sadaiva prazaMsanIya rahA hai| sAdhutva kI upayogitA Aja samAja ke lie kitanI mahattvapUrNa hai, isakI jAnakArI hameM milii| rASTra nirmANa ke kArya meM sAdhu kA pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se prApta sahayoga itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita rhegaa| jo ki yuga-yuga meM supta-cetanA ko jAgRta karane meM pUrNarUpa se sahayoga detA rhegaa|

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(315) adhyAya-8 1. praNavaH U~kAra meM paMca parameSThI 2. paMca parameSThI : varNa vijJAna - aitihAsikatA - raMga kI vaijJAnikatA - indrayoM dvArA raMgoM kI anubhUti - prAthamika aura pUraka raMga - paMca pada aura varNa vijJAna - paMca padoM ke vargoM kA vizeSa vivecana - raMgoM kI viziSTatA; vilakSaNatA - sAdhanA-dhyAna siddhi meM sahAyaka : raMga

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(316) 1. praNava : U~kAra meM paMca parameSThI _ vizva sAhitya meM jinatI zraddhA aura pratiSThA U~ko prApta huI hai, saMbhavataH usake samakakSa anya kisI pada ko nhiiN| isakA kAraNa kyA? isa ekAkSarI pada meM jo gaDha aura virAT tattva samAyA hai, vaha anya pada meM nhiiN| yaha AdhyAtmika vidyA kA srota hai aura yogavidyA kA kendra hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata kI hI nahIM, vizva kI prAyaH sarva dharma paramparAoM meM samaveta svara se isakA dhyAna va guNagAna kiyA gayA hai| yaha veda kA pahalA aura pavitra uccAra hai, parabrahma, paramAtmA, puruSottama, kSarAkSara se pare hai| U~kAra, praNava, sarvavyApI, ananta, tAra zukla, vaidyut haMsa, turya, parabrahma isakI paryAyeM-nAma haiN| pratyeka veda maMtra ke pUrva evaM pazcAt isakA uccAra karane kI rUr3hi hai| veda, upaniSad, gItA Adi vaidika paramparA meM isakI mahimA kA atyadhika guNagAna kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha zabda mukhyataH sAmaveda kA hai, jo ki sAma kA gAna karate samaya bolA jAtA hai| sarva vedoM kA sAra upaniSad hai, upaniSadoM kA sAra gAyatrI hai, gAyatrI kA sAra vyAhRti hai aura vyAhRti kA sAra U~kAra hai| yaha hI brahma hai| AdikAla meM tapa se siddha bane brahmA ke mukha se yaha prakaTa huA hai, aisA svIkArA jAtA hai| vaidika paramparA ke samAna zramaNa paramparA meM bhI yaha ekamata se svIkArA gayA hai| isake atirikta IsAI, sikha, muslima, pArasI Adi matoM ke sAhitya meM ise itanA hI Adara diyA gayA hai| muslima mata meM alipha, lAbha aura mIma akSaroM ke saMyoga se allAha kA aisA guhya nAma hotA hai ki jisakA vAstavika aura pUrNa artha mAtra phirazte hI jAna sakate haiN| isa alipha, lAbha aura mIma ke madhya kA 'lAbha' arabI bhASA meM anuccarita aura isase allAha kA gebI nAma om zabda ko dhAraNa karatA hai| isake atirikta bhI islAmI zAstra meM isakI adbhuta mahimA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM kathana hai kiomityekAkSaraM brahma, vyaahrnmaamnusmrn| yaH prayAti tyajaddehaM, sa yAti paramAM gatim / / 1. kurAne zarIpha, surate bakara :- uddhRta bhagavadgomaNDala pR. 1817 2. gItA 8.5

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(317) arthAt jo sAdhaka ekAkSara brahmasvarUpa OM kA uccAraNa karatA huA dehotsarga karatA hai, vaha parama gati ko prApta karatA hai| yajurveda meM ise 'oum khambrahma', chAndogya upaniSad meM 'oum iti aitadantara udgItamupAsIt' evaM 'oMkAra eMvedaM sarvam', kaThopaniSad meM 'omityetat', maitryupaniSad, meM 'omityAtmAnaM yuJjIta, taittirIya upaniSad' meM 'omiti brahma' isa prakAra ullikhita kiyA gyaahai| ina sabhI uddharaNoM se yahI dhvanita hotAhai ki om hI brahma hai| vaidika paramparA ke samAna bauddhoM kA bhI yaha pradhAna maMtra hai-'oum maNipaTTe hum' . sikkha sampradAya meM to 'eka oMkAra sadguru prasAda' kahakara isake mahattva ko zirodhArya kiyA hai| bhASAvidoM ke anusAra phArasI bhASA meM 'alim' kA rUpa dhAraNa karake U~ ne sthAna prApta kiyA hai| aMgrejI bhASA meM yaha OMEN ke rUpa meM AsIna hai| isI bhAMti jaina paramparA meM bhI ise sarvocca sthAna prApta huA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne ise samasta maMtroM meM maMtra kahA hai oMkAramiva maMtrANAmAcaM saMgIta karmaNAm ... zrI ratnamaMdiragaNi ne bhI isakI mahimA kA guNagAna isa prakAra kiyA hai oMkAra kalpataru se bhI adhika abhISTa pradAna karane vAlA hai, zabda brahmarUpI advitIya ratnAkara kA vikAsa karane ke lie candramA ke samAna hai, maMgaloM kA kAraNa hai, asIma mahimA kA mahArNava hai, sabhI parameSThioM kA vAcaka hai aura buddhimAnoM ke lie ArAdhanIya hai, aisA oMkAra tuma sabhI ko zuddha buddhi pradAna kre| 1. yaju. a. 40 maMtra 17/ 2. chAndogya upa. 2.23 3. taittIrIya upa. 1.8.1 4. maitrI upa.6.3 5. taittIriya upa. 1.8.1 6. triSaSThi zalAkAra puruSacarita, 1.6.707 7. bhojaprabandha maMgalasmaraNa

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(318) 'paMcavastuka' meM isake gaurava ko vRddhi karate hue kathana hai ki 'omiti parameSThipaMcakamAha:- kathamiti ceducyate-'a' iti arhat AdyAkSaram' 'a' ityazarIrasya siddha vAcakasyAdyAkSaram 'A' ityAcAryasyAdyakSaram, 'u' ityupAdhyAyasyAdyAkSaram 'ma' iti munItyasyAdyAkSaram-a a A u m iti, tataH sandhivazAt, omiti padaikadeze padasamudAyopacArAt evmuktiH|" yahA~ isake hArda ko granthakAra ne kholate hue kahA hai ki jaina paramparA meM isakI niSpatti arhata, azarIra (siddha), AcArya, upAdhyAya, muni ke Adya akSara se arthAt a A A u m oMma isa prakAra huI hai| granthakAra ne sAtha hI ise sarva vidyAoM kA AdyabIja, sakala AgamoM kA upaniSadarUpa, samasta vighnoM kA vighAtaka aura manorathoM kI pUrti karane vAlA kalpapAdapa ke sadRza svIkAra kiyA AcArya zubhacandra ne isI prakAra isakI gaurava garimA kA guNagAna karate hue kahA hai ki "oMkAra se hI nirmala zabdAtmaka jyoti prakaTa huI hai aura isI ke dvArA parameSThI kA vAcya-vAcakabhAva hai, arthAt pA~ca parameSThI vAcya haiM aura oMkAra unakA vAcaka hai|"3 jaina darzana meM vAcya aura vAcaka kA kathaMcit bhedAbheda saMbaMdha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra isa siddhAnta ke anusAra oMkAra kI ArAdhanA paMcaparameSThI kI ArAdhanA hai| uparyukta avataraNoM se yaha bhalIbhAMti vidita ho jAtA hai ki oMkAra kisI sampradAya vizeSa kA nahIM varan sabhI paramparAoM kI amUlya nidhi hai| isI kAraNa isakI niSpatti bhI aneka prakAra se kI gaI hai| jaina paramparA meM isakI niSpatti paMca parameSThI (arhat, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu) ke AdyAkSara ke rUpa meM svIkAra gaI hai| jaina mAnyatA parama-pada meM sthita deva aura guruoM ko pA~ca prakAra se svIkAra karatI hai| inake Adya akSara kI sandhi karane para (a + a + A + u + m) om zabda niSpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra paMcaparameSThI kA antarbhAva OM meM ho jAtA hai| 1. paMcavastuka, navakArasArathavaNaM gA. 8-mAnatuMgasUri uddhRta namaskAra svAdhyAya bhAga-1 (prAkRta) pR. 263) 2. vahI 3. jJAnArNava 28, 31-32 4. mahAnizItha patra 2, vahad dravya saMgraha TIkA pR. 182

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(319) vaidika paramparA om kI niSpatti brahmA, viSNu aura maheza rUpa svIkAra karatI haiM, ye deva hI sRSTi ke pAlaka aura pralaya kartA hai| 'A' zabda brahmA kA, 'a' viSNu kA aura 'u'' mahAdeva kA vAcaka hai| A a u milakara o rUpa banatA hai| usakI nAnyatara jAti kA sUcaka 'm' pratyaya lagAne se om pada niSpanna hotA hai| anyatra 'a' brahmA, 'u' viSNu aura 'm' mahezvara se niSpanna mAnate haiN| kisI sthala para vAsudeva (viSNu) vAcaka 'a', mahezvara vAcaka 'u' aura prajApati (brahmA) vAcaka 'ma' ke saMyoga se OM kI niSpatti svIkAra kI gaI hai| vastutaH ye niSpattiyA~ samAna artha hI prakaTa karatI hai| vaidika sampradAya ke tInoM hI mUrdhanya devoM kA samAveza isameM kiyA gayA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se avalokana karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki brAhmaNa evaM zramaNa donoM hI paramparAoM meM apane-apane paramapada meM sthita devoM se oMkAra kA udgama mAnya karate haiN| jaina paramparA paMca parameSThi ke Adya akSara se niSpanna mAnya karatI hai to vaidika paramparA bhI trideva se isakI niSpatti mAnatI haiN| isa prakAra om ke jApa, dhyAna, ArAdhanA se sarva bhAratIya paramparAgata devoM kI ArAdhanA-sAdhanA ho jAtI hai| arthAt saba devoM ko namaskAra pahu~ca jAtA hai| 2. paMca parameSThI : varNavijJAna namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke sAtha raMgoM kA gaharA aura vyApaka saMbaMdha hai| isase lAbhAnvita hone ke lie, usake gUr3hatama rahasyoM kA udghATana karanA Avazyaka hai| maMtravid AcAryoM ne namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke sAtha raMgoM kA samAyojana kiyA hai| maMtra ke gUr3hatama rahasyoM ko jAnane vAle AcAryoM ne una rahasyoM ke AdhAra para, eka-eka ke lie eka-eka raMga kI samAyojanA kii| aitihAsikatA __paMca parameSThI padoM ke sAtha raMgoM kI kalpanA kisa samaya vikasita huI hai? sarva prathama hama isa para vicAraNA kreNge| jainAgamoM meM ina parameSThI padoM kA ullekha bhagavatI sUtra, mahAnizItha sUtra meM upalabdha hotaahai| tatpazcAt TIkA, niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi va Agametara sAhitya meM usakA vizleSaNa kiyA gyaa| yadyapi bhagavatI sUtra vRtti, Avazyaka niyukti, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1. vizvalocana koza

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(320) caityavaMdanamahAbhASya Adi granthoM meM jahA~ ina paMca padoM para samucita prakAza DAlA hai, tathApi vahA~ raMgoM kI parikalpanA se ye zAstra bhI sarvathA mauna hai| taba prazna uThatA hai ki paMca padoM ke sAtha raMgoM kA samAveza kaba huA? kina paristhitiyoM meM huA? jaina paramparA meM jisa prakAra paMca parameSThI pada, meM navapada meM raMgoM kA udbhava huA, anya paramparA meM arthAt bauddha evaM brAhmaNa paramparA meM isako samAhita kiyA gayA hai athavA nahIM? jaina paramparA meM ina paMca-padoM ko jitanA mahattva diyA gayA hai, saMbhavataH anya kisI bhI paramparA meM nhiiN| brAhmaNa paramparA meM brahma athavA prajApita brahmA, viSNu, agni ko ArAdhya mAnakara ArAdhanA kI gaI to bauddha paramparA meM arhat evaM bodhisattva athavA buddha ko sAdhya mAna kara sAdhanA kI gii| kintu paMca padoM ko samAna stara para ArAdhya mAna kara jaina paramparA meM maMtra rUpa se nibaddha kiyA gyaa| sAtha hI varNa (raMgoM) ke sAtha ArAdhanA karane kA sAmaJjasya sthApita kiyA gyaa| mAtra avatAra, buddha athavA bodhisattva brAhmaNa paramparA evaM bauddha paramparA meM upAsya athavA parama pada ke rUpa meM sthApita haiN| mukta AtmA, sAdhaka AtmAoM kI upAsanA ko to usameM koI sthAna nahIM, to varNa ke astittva kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina paramparA meM upAsya arhat evaM siddha hai tathA AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu upAsaka hai| upAsya ke sAtha upAsakoM ko bhI sAdhanA kA mAdhyama banAyA gayA hai aura unake dhyAna ke lie nizcita varNoM (raMgoM) kA bhI vinyAsa kiyA gayA hai| jabaki anya paramparA meM isa prakAra ke tathya dRSTigocara nahIM hote| ina paMca padoM ke sAtha paMca varNoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama hameM mahAn prabhAvaka bhaktAmara stotra ke kartA zrI mAnatuMgasUri viracita (vi. saM. 8 vIM zatI) 'navakAra sAra thavaNa'' meM upalabdha hotA hai| isa grantha meM ina pA~coM padoM ke sAtha varNoM kA samAyojana adbhuta va vistRta rUpa se kiyA hai| prazna uThatA hai ki jaba mAnatuMgasUri ne isa 'navakAra sAra thavaNa' meM vistRta vivecanA prastuta kI hai to isase pUrva bhI sthUla nahIM to sUkSma rUpa se isake aMkura vidyamAna hone caahie| avazya hI kisI maMtravid AcArya bhagavanta ke dvArA isakA bIja vapana kiyA jAnA caahie| kintu aba taka koI ullekha hamAre dRSTipatha meM nahIM aayaa| AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvavartI granthoM meM isakA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| haaN| isase pazcAtvartI granthoM meM avazya varNana milatA hai| 1. navakAra sAra thavaNa uddhRta-namaskAra svAdhyAya (prAkRta) pR. 261-267

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(321) raMga kI vaijJAnikatA vastutaH raMga kyA hai? isa viSaya para vaijJAnikoM tathA dArzanikoM kI jijJAsA bahuta samaya se rahI hai, parantu isakA vyavasthita adhyayana sarvaprathama 'nyUTana' ne kiyA / yaha bahuta kAla se jJAta thA ki sapheda prakAza kAMca ke prijma se dekhane para raMgIna dikhAI detA hai| nyUTana ne isa para tatkAlIna vaijJAnika yathArthatA ke sAtha prayoga kiyaa| eka aMdhere kamare meM choTe se cheda dvArA sUrya kA prakAza AtA thaa| yaha prakAza eka prijma kAMca dvArA apavartita (Refract) hokara sapheda parde para par3atA thaa| parde para sapheda prakAza ke sthAna para indradhanuSa ke sAta raMga dikhAI die| ye raMga kramazaH lAla, nAraMgI, pIlA, harA, AsamAnI, nIlA tathA baiMganI the| jaba nyUTana ne prakAza ke mArga meM eka aura prijma pahale vAle prijma se ulTA rakhA, to ina sAtoM raMgoM kA prakAza milakara punaH sapheda raMga kA prakAza bana gayA isa prayoga se nyUTana ne yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki sapheda raMga prijma dvArA sAta raMgoM meM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki jo prakAza hameM sapheda raMga kA dikhAI detA hai, vaha vAstava meM sAta raMgoM ke prakAza se milakara banA hai| nyUTana ne eka gola cakatI ko indradhanuSa ke sAta 'raMgoM' se usI anupAta meM raMga diyA jisa anupAta meM ve indradhanuSa meM the| isa cakatI ko tejI se ghumAne para yaha sapheda dikhAI detI thii| isase bhI siddha hotA hai ki sapheda prakAza sAta raMgoM se milakara banA hai| prakAza kA raMga raMga vAstava meM eka mAnasika anubhUti hai, jaise svAda yA sugNdh| bAhya jagat meM isakA astitva raMga ke rUpa meM nahIM, balki vidyuccuMbakIya taraMgoM ke rUpa meM hotA hai| prakAza 'taraMga' ke rUpa meM hotA hai aura prakAza kA raMga usake taraMga dairdhya (wave-length) para AdhArita hotA hai| taraMga-dairdhya aura kampana kI AvRtti (frequency) paraspara meM vyasta pramANa (inverse proportion) se saMbaMdhita hai| arthAt taraMgadairdhya ke bar3hane ke sAtha kampana kI AvRtti kama hotI hai aura ghaTane ke sAtha bar3hatI hai| vibhinna raMga ke prakAza kA taraMgadairdhya bhinna hotA hai| lAla raMga ke - 1. NamokAra aura raMga vijJAna-1, uddhRta tIrthaMkara, aMka 9-1971, pR. 82 prekSAdhyAnaH lezyA dhyAna pR. 29-30 2. hindI vizvakoza khaNDa 10 pR. 1-2 'raMga' zabda

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(322) prakAza kA taraMgadairdhya (6.5 x 10-5 se.mI.) sabase adhika aura baiMganI raMga ke prakAza kA taraMgadairdhya (4.5 x 10 -5se.mI.) sabase kama hotA hai| anya raMgoM ke lie taraMgadairdhya isake bIca meM hotA hai| vibhinna taraMgadairdhya kI vidyuccumbakIya taraMgoM ke A~khoM para par3ane se raMgoM kI anubhUti hotI hai|' iMdriya dvArA raMgoM kI anubhUti ___jaba kisI prakAzasrota se nikalane vAlA prakAza kisI padArtha para par3atA hai aura usase parAvartita hokara (yA pAra jAkara) A~khoM para par3atA hai, taba hameM vaha vastu dikhAI detI hai| sUrya se prasArita hone vAle prakAza-taraMga jaba padArtha meM hokara gujarate haiM, taba usa padArtha ko svayaM kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa eka vizeSa taraMgadairdhya ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI usa padArtha dvArA zoSita ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra jaba dUba meM se prakAza kI taraMge gujaratI hai, taba dUba kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa hI hare raMga ko sUcita karane vAlI taraMgadairghya ko chor3aDakara zeSa taraMgadairghya vAlI sabhI taraMge dUba ke dvArA zoSita (absorbed) ho jAtI hai| hamArI A~kha taka kevala ve hI taraMge pahu~catI haiM, jinakA taraMga dairghya hare raMga ko sUcita karatA hai aura isIlie hameM dUba harI dikhAI detI hai| yahI prakAza yadi binA kisI rUpAntaraNa (modification) ke hamArI A~khoM taka pahu~ce, to hameM vaha vastu sapheda dikhAI detI hai| udAharaNa ke lie lAla raMga ke prakAza meM dekhane para lAla vastu bhI sapheda dikhAI detI hai| vahIM vastu sapheda prakAza meM lAla aura nIle prakAza meM kAlI dikhAI detI hai| ___ suprasiddha bhAratIya vaijJAnika aura nobala-puraskAra vijetA pro. sI. vI. rAmana ne raMga kI prakriyA gahana zodha-kArya kiyA hai| unhone bhI isa kathana kI puSTi kI hai| kisI bhI padArtha kA raMga tIna bAtoM para nirbhara hotA hai-1. Apatita prakAza kI prakRti 2. padArtha dvArA zoSita prakAza 3. vibhinna raMgoM kI anavazoSita prakAza kiraNeM / ina tInoM hI ke kAraNa se A~kha para utpanna anubhUti hI padArtha kA raMga hai| prAthamika aura pUraka raMga ___ prakRti meM pAe jAne vAle samasta raMga tIna prAthamika raMgoM lAla, pIlA aura nIle se milakara banate haiN| sAmAnyatayA ye tInoM raMga prAthamika svIkAra gae haiN| 1. prekSA-dhyAna : lezyA dhyAna pR. 13 3. vahI 5. prekSA-dhyAna : lezyA dhyAna pR. 15 2. prekSA-dhyAna : lezyA dhyAna pR. 14 4. prekSA-dhyAna : lezyA dhyAna pR.14

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(323) kintu jaina paramparA meM varNa (raMga) ke pA~ca prakAra svIkAra kiye gaye haiM-kRSNa, nIla, rakta, pIta aura zukla arthAt kAlA, nIlA, lAla, pIlA aura sphed| jo ki raMga cakSu indriya ke viSaya ke rUpa meM mAnya kiye gaye haiN| ina raMgoM ko ucita anupAta meM milAne para dUsare anya raMgoM kI prApti hotI hai| kyoMki prakRti meM hameM anekazaH raMga dRSTigata hote haiM, jo ki ina raMgoM kA hI mizraNa hotA hai| kintu jo prAthamika raMga haiM unako raMgoM ke mizraNa se banAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| jaba do raMgoM ke mizraNa se tIsarA raMga prApta hotA hai, taba una do raMgoM ko eka-dUsare kA "pUraka" raMga kahate haiN| udAharaNa svarUpa jaba lAla aura harA milAyA jAtA hai taba pIle raMga kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai ataH pIle raMga ko nIle raMga kA pUraka kahA jAtA hai| aba hama ina zveta, rakta, pIla, nIla, kRSNa varNa kI vizeSa vivecanA kreNge| ina paMca padoM ke sAtha paMca varSoM kA cunAva bahuta mahattvapUrNa, gUr3ha aura rahasyamaya hai| yaha jagat paudgalika hai, bhautika hai| hamArA yaha zarIra bhI pudgaloM se nirmita hai| arthAt yaha bhI paudgalika hai| pudgala ke varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza ye cAra lakSaNa haiN| samagra bhU-valaya, samagra mUrta saMsAra ina paudgalika lakSaNoM ke prakaMpanoM se prakaMpita hai| zarIra se ye varNa sannikaTa hai| hamAre zarIra se varNa kA bahuta nikaTa kA saMbaMdha hai| ye varNa (raMga) zarIra se nahIM apitu inakA hamAre mana se, AvegoM se, kaSAyoM se bhI bahuta bar3A saMbaMdha hai| zArIrika svAsthya aura asvAsthya, mana kA svAsthya aura asvAsthya, AvegoM kI kamI aura vRddhi- ye saba ina rahasyoM para nirbhara hai ki kisa prakAra ke raMgoM ke samAyojana, alagAva yA saMzleSa hama karate hai| raMga hamAre cAroM ora haiN| sArA vAtAvaraNa hI raMgIna hai| raMgoM kA apanA jagat , apanI bhASA aura apanA varNya bhI hai| raMgoM kI duniyA adbhuta, vicitra, vilakSaNa to hai hI, sAtha hI vaha yuktiyukta aura arthagarbhita bhI hai| 'raMga hI jIvana hai' yaha kathana Atyantika hone para bhI TAlA nahIM jA sktaa| Aja to raMgoM ko lekara kAphI khojeM aura vizeSa adhyayana hue haiN| pazcima meM to raMgacikitsA eka svataMtra cikitsApaddhati rupa meM vikasita huI hai| hamAre zarIra kA pratyeka aMga, pratyaMga hI nahIM zarIra kA kaNa-kaNa raMgoM kI hI nirmiti hai| ___ namaskAra mahAmaMtra meM nihita raMgoM ko unakI viziSTatA aura vilakSaNatA ko samajhane kA prayAsa kreNge| raMgoM kA aura namaskAra maMtra kA jo ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai, use AcAryoM ne vaijJAnika AdhAra para saMyojita kiyA hai, usakA zodhana karake unako

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(324) dhyAna, samAdhi ke anusaMdhAna meM mahattvapUrNa dizA prastuta kI hai| jo ki maulika hone ke sAtha-sAtha preraka hai aura hameM raMgoM para AdhArita eka samyak bhUmikA upalabdha huI hai| paMca parameSThI pada aura varNa (raMga) vijJAna___ paMca parameSThI padoM ke sAtha varNoM kA samAyojana kiyA hai, jo adbhuta evaM pUrNataH vaijJAnika hai| navakAra sAra thavaNa' meM ina paMca padoM ke paMca varNa nimna prakAra se mAnya kiye haiN| 1. arhatpada-dhavala (zveta) varNa 2. siddhapada-rakta (lAla) varNa 3. AcAryapada-pIta (pIlA) varNa 4. upAdhyAya pada-marakatamaNi sadRza (harita athavA nIla) varNa 5. sAdhu pada-zyAma (kAlA) varNa 1. arhat pada___ arhata pada kA varNa yahA~ dhavala svIkAra kiyA hai| vaha dhavala bhI kaisA hai? usake lie kathana hai ki "sasidhavalA" arthAt 'caMdravadujjavala' caMdra ke samAna ujjvala dedIpyamAna hai| sphaTika se upamita yaha jJAna kA kendra hai evaM pAradarzana/pavitratA kA dyotaka hai| 2. siddha pada siddha kA varNa rakta arthAt lAla hai| jise agni yA 'arUNAbhA'-prAtaH kAlIna lAla-sUrya kI prabhA kI upamA dI gaI hai| sadyaH udita (bAla) sUrya se upamita yaha darzana kA kendra hai, jo ki tejomayatA, dAhakatA kA pratIka hai| 3. AcArya pada AcArya kA varNa pIta arthAt pIlA hai |jise 'kaNayA' arthAt kanaka-suvarNa ke sadRza svIkAra kiyA hai| kahIM haridrA-haldI ke sadRza bhI kahA hai| dIpazikhA se upamita yaha vizuddhi kA kendra hai, jo urdhvagAmitA, uccatA kA dyotaka hai| 1. navakAra sAra thavaNa pR. 261-267

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(325) 4. upAdhyAya pada upAdhyAya kA varNa harA athavA nIlA (harita-nIla) hai| kahIM ise marakatamaNi ke sadRza harA, priyaMgu ke sadRza to harita-harA/nIlA kahA gayA hai| yahA~ harA aura nIlA donoM hI varNa upAdhyAya ke mAnya kiye gaye hai| nabha se upamita yaha pada Ananda kA kendra hai, jo ki vyApakatA ko sUcita karatA hai| 5. sAdhupada___ sAdhu kA varNa kAlA (zyAma-kRSNa) mAnA hai| jise aMjanamaNi' kI upamA dI gaI hai| kastUrI se upamita yaha zakti kA kendra hai, jo ki ekAgratA, avazoSaka kA pratIka hai| paMcapadoM ke vargoM kA vizeSa vivecana:arhat pada-zvetavarNa___ arhat pada kA dhyAna jJAnakendra (mastiSka) para zveta varNa ke sAtha karate haiN| zveta varNa hamArI AMtarika zaktiyoM ko jAgRta karatA hai| hamAre mastiSka meM gre raMga, dhUsara raMga kA eka drava padArtha hai| jo ki samUce jJAna kA saMvAhaka hotA hai| pRSTharajju meM bhI vaha padArtha hai| mastiSka meM arhat kA dhUsara raMga ke sAtha zvetavarNa se dhyAna karate haiN| isase jJAna kI soyI huI zaktiyA~ jAgRta hotI hai| cetanA kA jAgaraNa hotA hai| isIlie isa pada kI ArAdhanA ke sAtha jJAnakendra aura zvetavarNa kI samAyojanA kI gaI hai| maMtrazAstra kA bhI yahI abhimata hai ki svAsthya ke lie zveta varNa kA dhyAna karanA caahiye| zveta varNa svAsthyaprada hotA hai, svAsthya kA pratIka hotA hai| roga nivAraNa meM zvetavarNa pUrNataH sahayogI hotA hai| isa varNa kI kamI se asvAsthya bar3hatA hai| hamAre zarIra ke rakta kaNoM meM zveta va lAla rakta kaNa haiN| zveta rakta kaNoM ko Dabalyu. bI. sI. (White Blood Cars Ckals) kahA jAtA hai| yadi zveta kaNa kama ho jAe~ to hama nizcita rUpa se asvastha ho jAte haiN|' ____ yadi bhAvavibhora hokara zvetavarNa ke sAtha arhat pada ke dhyAna meM nimagna ho jAte haiM, to jJAnakendra sakriya hone lagatA hai aura UrjAzakti kA nirmANa hotA hai| krodha, Aveza, Avega, uttejanAe~ Adi vikAroM kI zAMti hotI hai| phalasvarUpa vyakti paramazAMti kA anubhava karatA hai| jJAnakendra kI sakriyatA se jJAtA bhAva 1. tIrthaMkara 1 pR. 45 . 2. vahI 3. vahI 4. prekSA-dhyAna : lezyA dhyAna pR. 61

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(326) jAgRta hotA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa sarvajJatA, kevalajJAna kA adhikArI banAne meM zveta varNa sahAyaka hotA hai| sattvaguNa aura zukla lezyA kA varNa bhI zveta hai| pUrNimA ke caMdra jaisA prakAzamAna dhavala rNg| zukla lezyA saMyukta zveta varNa Atma-jAgRtti meM atyanta sahayogI hotA hai| parama-pada prApti meM prakAzamAna zveta raMga kisa prakAra pragati karatA hai? vaha bhI hama avalokana kareMzukla lezyA' (prekSA-dhyAna : lezyA dhyAna pR. 61)___ vyavahAra meM zvetaraMga ko svacchatA, zuddhatA, pavitratA kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| zukla lezyA kA raMga bhI pUrNimA ke caMdra jaisA zveta hai| yaha zAMti, zuddhi aura nirvANa kA dyotaka hai| padmalezyA kI garmI ko zukla-lezyA upazAMta kara detI hai aura nirvANa ghaTita ho jAtA hai| zuklalezyA uttejanA, Avega, Aveza, cintA, tanAva, vAsanA, kaSAya-krodha Adi ko zAMta kara pUrNa zAMti kA anubhava karAtI hai| Atma sAkSAtkAra upazAMta huI cetanA, iMdriya cetanA, manaHstha cetanA aura citta kI cetanA se pare eka aise tattva kA sAkSAtkAra karAtI hai, jo parama iSTa hai| vaha tattva hai-Atma saakssaatkaar| Atma sAkSAtkAra hI lezyA dhyAna kA parama lakSya hai, jo ki zukla lezyA se prApta hotA hai| isa kendrabiMdu se hI hameM bhautika aura AdhyAtmika jagata ke antara kA jJAna hotA hai| avyatha cetanA' Atma sAkSAtkAra kI mahattvapUrNa prakiyA hai-nirvikalpa cenatA kA nirmaann| jaba nirvikalpa cetanA jAgRta hotI hai, taba sArI asamAdhiyA~ dUra ho jAtI hai| isase sabase pahalA suphala hotA hai-avyatha cetanA kI jaagRti| nirvikalpa cetanA meM jInevAlA vyakti nirvyatha jIvana jItA hai| usakI cetanA meM vyathA nahIM hotii| usake sAmane kitanA hI pratikUla vAtAvaraNa upasthita ho, bhayaMkara paristhitiyA~ aura samasyAe~ ho, vaha kabhI vyathita nahIM hotaa| vaha ghaTanA ko jAna letA hai, bhogatA nhiiN| vaha kevala jJAtA ho jAtA hai| bhoktA bhAva samApta ho jAtA hai| 1. prekSA-dhyAna : lezyA dhyAna pR.70 2. vahI

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(327) amUDhacetanA' jaba cetanA asammoha kI sthiti meM calI jIta hai, taba usameM mUr3hatA paidA nahIM hotii| nirvikalpa cetanA ke upalabdha hone para citta mUDha nahIM banatA, sammohana samApta ho jAte haiN| viveka cetanA ___ sammohana samApta hone para viveka cetanA jAgRta ho jAtI hai| phalasvarUpa jar3acetana meM pArthakyazakti vikasita ho jAtI hai| AtmA aura pudgala ke spaSTa bheda kA use sAkSAt ho jAtA hai| use viveka cetanA kI upalabdhi hotI hai| vyutasargacetanA jaba viveka cetanA puSTa hotI hai, taba vyutsarga kI kSamatA bar3hatI hai| tyAga aura visarjana kI zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai| maiM caitanyamaya, saccidAnaMdaghana hU~, yahI merA astittva hai| zanaiH zanaiH abhyAsa dvArA cetanA kA vaha ananta sAgara eka dina nistaraMga aura urmivihIna bana jaaegaa| usa sthiti meM use parama satya kA sAkSAtkAra ho jaaegaa| ___ zukla lezyA saMyukta, zukladhyAna meM Arohita cetanA-kaivalya kA varaNa karegA hii| karma kAlimA kA samUloccheda ho jaavegaa| ajJAna janya cAroM ghAti karma bhasmIbhUta hokara kevalajJAna rUpI sUrya kA prAkTya ho jaavegaa| arhat pada prApti meM isa zveta raMga kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna isa prakAra svataH siddha ho jAtA hai| siddha pada-lAlavarNa darzanakendra meM (mastaka) rakta (lAla) varNa ke sAtha siddha pada kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| bAla sUrya jaisA lAla vrnn| yaha lAla varNa Antarika dRSTi ko jAgRta karatA hai| Atma sAkSAtkAra antardRSTi kA vikAsa, atIndriya cetanA kA vikAsa darzana kendra ke jAgaraNa se hotA hai| maMtra, lAlavarNa aura darzanakendra-ina tInoM kA samAyojana AMtarika dRSTi ko jAgRta karane kA anupama sAdhana hai| antardRSTi kA artha hai priyatA-apriyatA kI anubhUti se mukti| mukta hone para hI satya upalabdha hotA hai| zAstroM kA raTana yA tattvoM ke pArAyaNa se isakI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| 1. prekSA-dhyAna lezyA dhyAna pR. 71 2. vahI 4. prekSAdhyAna : lezyAdhyAna pR. 54-55 3. vahI

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(328) zArIrika svAsthya ke lie bhI isa lAla varNa kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| tRtIya netra, picyUTarI graMthi aura usake strAvoM ko niyaMtrita karane ke lie lAla raMga bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| lAla raMga isa graMthi ko to sakriya banAtA hI hai, vaha nAr3I maMDala aura rakta ko bhI sakriya banAtA hai| pAMcoM iMdriyoM kI kriyAzIlatA isI raMga para nirbhara karatI hai| yaha sarebro-spAinala drava padArtha ko prerita karatA hai| lAla kiraNeM tApa paidA karatI hai, aura zarIra meM zakti kA saMcAra karatI hai| yaha kiraNeM lIvara aura mAMsapeziyoM ke lie lAbhaprada hotI hai| lAla raMga mastiSka ke dAMe bhAga ko sakriya rakhatA hai| lAlakiraNeM zarIra ke kSAra dravyoM ko tor3akara AyonAijezana karatI hai| ye Ayonsa vidyuta cumbakIya zakti ke vAhaka hote haiN| __ manovijJAna kI dRSTi se lAlavarNa svAsthya prada mAnA jAtA hai| yaha pratirodhAtmaka hotA hai| sakriyatA paidA karanA yaha isa raMga kI vizeSatA hai| phalasvarUpa sustI, Alasya yA jar3atA kA nAza karake sphUrti kA saMcAra karatA hai, tAjagI kA ehasAsa karAtA hai| guNoM meM rajogaNa kA raMga bhI lAla hI hai, tathA 6 lezyA meM tejo lezyA kA varNa bhI lAla prarUpita kiyA gayA hai| tejo lezyA kA bAla sUrya jaisA hI lAla raMga hai| lAla raMga kA tattva hai-agni| lAla raMga arthAt tejasvitA, dIpti, pravRtti aura sakriyatA kA srota / vastutaH yaha raMga hamArA svAsthya hai| cikitsaka Arogya hetu sarvaprathama rakta meM nihita zvetakaNoM evaM rakta (lAla) kaNoM kA nirIkSaNa karatA hai| lAla kaNoM kI kamI asvAsthya kA dyotaka hai| parivartana kA prAraMbha lAla raMga meM yaha kSamatA hai ki vaha bAhya jagat se antarjagat meM le jA sakatA hai| jaba taka kRSNa-nIla-aura kApota ye aprazasta lezyA kAma karatI hai, taba taka vyakti antarmukhI nahIM ho sakatA, AdhyAmitka nahIM ho sakatA, antarjagat kI yAtrA nahIM kara sktaa| lAla raMga ke anubhava se, tejas lezyA ke spaMdanoM kI anubhUti se antarjagat kI yAtrA prAraMbha hotI hai| AdatoM meM, vicAroM meM, vyavahAra meM, AcaraNa meM parivartana AnA prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| kRSNa, nIla, kApota-lezyA ke prabhAva se asatvicAra, AdateM tejas lezyA ke prakAzamaya lAla raMga se samApta hone lagatI hai| phalataH svabhAva meM bhI parivartana Ane lagatA hai| 1. prekSA-dhyAna : lezyA dhyAna pR. 29-30 2. vahI pR. 65

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(329) anirvacanIya evaM apUrva AnaMda' jaba taijas lezyA ke spaMdana sphurAyamAna hote hai, jAgRta hote haiM, taba vyakti ko anirvacanIya AnandAnubhUti hotI hai| vaha usa AnaMda kA pratyakSa anubhava karatA hai| sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| kyoMki sat aura asat va satya va asatya use pratyakSa pratibhAsita hote haiN| antarmukhatA ke pariNAma svarUpa antardRSTi khila uThatI hai| usakI bhrAMtiyA~ TUTa jAtI hai, dhAraNAeM badala jAtI hai| __ padArthoM meM sukha nahIM, isa vAstavikatA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| vastutaH hamAre bhItara eka vidyut dhArA hai, vaha sukha kA nimitta banatI hai| vaijJAnika prayogoM se yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki vidyuta ke prakaMpanoM ke binA koI sukha kA saMvadena nahIM ho sktaa| jo sukha, indriya-viSayoM ke upabhoga se upalabdha kiyA jAtA hai, vahI sukha iindraya-viSayoM ke binA bhI, kalpanA se bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| aura vahI sukha kevala vidyut ke prakaMpana paidA karake bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina paraMparA yaha mAnya karatI hai ki 'devanikAya meM vaimAnika devoM meM IzAna kalpa taka ke deva kAyapravIcAra hote haiM, arthAt zarIra se viSayasukha bhogate haiN| zeSa deva do-do kalpoM meM kramazaH sparza, rUpa, zabda aura saMkalpa dvArA viSaya sukha bhogate haiN| vaijJAnika prayogoM se to aba yaha siddha huaa| kintu jaina saiddhAntika graMthoM meM divya sukhoM ke lie kalpanA, saMkalpa janya sukhoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha tathya pramANita ho gayA ki sukha kA saMvedana vidyuta-prakaMpana-sApekSa hai| taijasa lezyA ke jAgRta hone para vidyata-prakaMpana tIvratama ho jAte haiM taba atyadhika sukha kA anubhava hotA hai, to vyakti use chor3anA nahIM caahtaa| usake pariNAma atyanta sukhada hote haiN| prArambhika avasthA AMzika hai| pUrNatA kI ora caraNa bar3hate-bar3hate avyAbAdha sukha kA svAmI siddha, buddha, mukta ho jAtA hai| siddha pada kA lAla varNa isa sApekSatA se pUrNataH saMgata pratIta hotA hai| siddha parameSThI ananta avyAbAdha sukha ke svAmI hote haiN| mAnasika durbalatA kA aMtara lAla varNa, tejolezyA ke spandana jaba jAgRta hote haiM, taba mana kI durbalatA samApta ho jAtI hai| mana kI kaThinAIyA~, jisase vyakti AkrAnta hotA hai, saba 1. vahI pR. 65-66 2. tattvArtha sUtra 4.8.9 3. prekSA dhyAna pR.67

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(330) samUla naSTa ho jAtI hai| ananta vIrya ananta bala sphurAyamAna ho jAtA hai| siddhAvasthA ke isa guNa ke prAkaTya meM yaha varNa sahayogI hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha lAla varNa mokSa mArga meM pravRtta karane meM sakSama siddha hotA hai| antardRSTi ananta jJAna aura ananta darzana guNa ko pragaTa karatI hai| sarvajJatA aura draSTAbhAva sahabhAvI hai| asad AcaraNa se nivRtti, ananta cAritra kA pravartana karatI hai| jaba bhrAntiyA~ TUTatI hai taba vaha samyagdRSTi hotA hai| vastutaH antardRSTi, samyagdRSTi, samyaktva, satya saba eka hI hai| phalataH kSAyika samyaktva kA adhiSThAna karatA hai| durbalatAoM ke aMta meM anaMtavIrya sphurAyamAna hotA hai| ananta avyAbAdha sukha kA svAmI hotA hai| ___ gatapRSThoM meM hamane jJAta kiyA ki jaba lAla raMga ko lAla prakAza meM dekhA jAye to vahA~ lAla varNa samApta ho jAtA hai aura mAtra prakAzamAna sapheda raMga kA prAgaTya hotA hai| sapheda raMga ko vaijJAnikoM ne varNa nahIM maanaa| nirvarNa hone se siddha parameSThI kA arUpI guNa vikasita ho jAtA hai| jaba varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza nahIM hote haiM to gurutva-laghutva nAma zeSa ho jAte haiN| ataH agurulaghutva guNa ko vikasita karane meM lAlavarNa sakSama hotA hai| isa prakAra siddha pada kA lAlavarNa ATha hI guNoM ke prAkaTya meM kisa prakAra sahayogI ho sakatA hai? isa para hamane vicAraNA kii| 3. AcAryapada pIta (pIlA varNa) ____ AcArya pada kA dhyAna vizuddhi kendra (kaMTha) para pIle varNa ke sAtha karate haiN| yaha pIlA raMga hamAre ko sakriya banAtA hai| yaha caitanyakendra bhAvanAoM kA niyAmaka hai, mana kA niyAmaka hai| jaba taijas kendra vRttiyoM ko ubhAratA hai, taba vizuddhikendra una para niyantraNa karatA hai| isase Avega bhI niyantrita hote haiN| __ zarIra zAstrI mAnate haiM ki thAirAiDa glaiNDa vRttiyoM para niyantraNa karane vAlI granthi hai| isa granthi kA sthAna bhI kaMTha hai| pIle raMga ke sAtha isa kendra para AcArya kA dhyAna karane se hamArI vRttiyA~ zAMta hotI hai, ve pavitratA kI dizA meM sakriya banatI haiN| pIlA raMga nADiyoM ko sakriya aura mAMsapeziyoM ko zaktizAlI banAtA hai| 1. prekSA-dhyAna : lezyA dhyAna pR. 55

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(331) yaha mRta koSikAoM ko sajIva karatA hai, sAtha hI unako sakriya banAtA hai| isa raMga meM ghana cumbakIya vidyut hotI hai| yaha vidyut nAr3I-maNDala ko zaktizAlI aura mastika ko sakriya karatI hai|' ____ pIlA raMga buddhi aura darzana kA raMga hai, tarka kA nhiiN| isase mAnasika kamajorI, udAsInatA Adi dUra hote haiN| yaha prasannatA aura Ananda kA sUcaka hai| __ lezyAoM meM prazasta tIna lezyA meM padmalezyA kA varNa bhI pIlA hai| yaha raMga bahuta zaktizAlI mAnA gayA hai, jo ki garmI paidA karatA hai| lAla raMga bhI garmI paidA karatA hai| vastutaH utkramaNa kI sArI prakriyA garmI bar3hAne kI prakriyA hai| mastiSka aura nAr3I-taMtra ko bala-2 ___ zArIrika dRSTi se pIlA raMga mastiSka aura nAr3I saMsthAna ko bala detA hai| jisakI buddhi, mastiSka aura smRti-zakti kamajora ho, yadi pIle raMga ke kamare meM rakhA jAe to usameM parivartana AnA zuru ho jaaegaa| yadi mastiSka meM pIle raMga kA dhyAna kiyA jAya to buddhibala zaktizAlI hotA jAtA hai| anirvacanIya nirmalatA pIle raMga kA niyamita aura vidhivat dhyAna karane se vyakti ko anirvacanIya nirmalatA prApta hotI hai| usameM prajJA kI nirmalatA, buddhi kI nirmalatA aura jJAnataMtuoM kI nirmalatA itanI tIvra hotI hai ki vaha hajAroM granthoM ke adhyayana se bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| gaharAI meM jAne kI aisI dRSTi mila jAtI hai ki koI bhI samasyA ko tatkAla sulajhAne meM sakSama ho jAtA hai| AcArya pravara isI medhA zakti ke kAraNa saMgha ko netRttva ke mAdhyama se dizA pradAna karate haiN| citta kI prasannatA ___pIle raMga kA jo manovaijJAnika prabhAva hai, vaha hai-citta kI prsnntaa| raMga kA manovijJAna kahatA hai ki pIlA raMga mana kI prasannatA kA pratIka hai| isase mana kI durbalatA miTatI hai, Ananda bar3hatA hai| Agama kahate haiM-pIta lezyA se cita prazAMta hotA hai, zAMti bar3hatI hai aura Ananda meM vRddhi hotI hai| darzana kI zakti pIle raMga se vikasita hotI hai| darzana kA artha hai-sAkSAtkAra, anubhv| isase tarka-zakti nahIM, varan sAkSAtkAra va anubhava zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai| 1. (vahI pR-30-31 2. prekSA-dhyAna pR 68 3. vahI pR68 4. vahI

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(332) jitendriyatA' jaba camakate hue pIle raMga ke paramANuoM ko AkarSita kiyA jAtA hai, to jitendriya hone kI sthiti nirmita ho jAtI hai| padmalezyA kA abhyAsa karane vAlA vyakti jitendriya ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra pIle raMga kI kSamatA hai-mana ko prasanna karanA, buddhi kA vikAsa karanA, darzana kI zakti bar3hAnA, mastiSka aura nAr3I saMsthAna ko sudRr3ha karanA sakriya bnaanaa| mastiSka tathA cAkSuSakendra para pIle raMga kA dhyAna jJAna-taMtu vikasita karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| __ AcArya bhagavanta saMgha kA netRtva karate haiN| saMgha meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya ina paMcAcAroM kA pAlana karavAte haiN| pIle raMga kI prabhAvakatA se jJAna darzana ke AcAra pAlana meM bala milatA hai| phalataH vIrya sphurAyamAna hotA hai| AdhyAtmika jAgaraNa hone para darzana kI vizuddhi hone para cAritra aura tapaHpUta jIvana kA svataH nirmANa hone lagatA hai| AnaMda kI abhivRddhi va citta kI prasannatA 'saccidAnaMdamayI sthiti' meM parama sahAyaka hote haiN| upAdhyAya-nIlAvarNa-(athavA harA varNa) upAdhyAya pada kA dhyAna Ananda kendra (hRdaya) para nIla varNa ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| nIlA raMga zAMti dene vAlA hotA hai| yaha raMga samAdhi, ekAgratA paidA karatA hai aura kaSAyoM ko zAMta karatA hai| yaha nIla raMga AtmasAkSAtkAra meM bhI sahAyaka hotA hai| yaha nIlA raMga vAsanAoM para anuzAsana karatA hai| anya matAnusAra harA varNa bhI upAdhyAya kA mAnA gayA hai| harA raMga bhAvoM kI nirmalatA kA pradAtA hai| zarIra meM nIlavarNa kI kamI se krodha bar3hatA jAtA hai| upAdhyAya pravara kA nIla varNa ke sAtha dhyAna kiyA jAya to krodhAdi kaSAyeM tirohita ho jAtI hai| kaSAyoM kA upazamana honA, pariNAmasvarUpa kSamA, zAMti Adi guNoM kA AtmasAt honaa| A~khoM kA Aparezana karane vAlA DaoNkTara harI-nIlI paTTI bAMdha detA hai| zAMti pradAyaka hone se| uSNatA ke AkramaNa se bacane ke lie| krodhAdi kaSAyoM kI AkramakatA se bacane ke lie nIla varNa saMyukta upAdhyAya kA dhyAna zAMti kA jIvana meM AdhAna karatA hai| 1. vahI pR 69 3. vahI pR. 31-32 2. prekSA-dhyAna : lezyA dhyAna pR. 54-55 4. tIrthaMkara, pR.76, 57, 54

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(333) sAdhupada-zyAmavarNa sAdhu pada kA dhyAna zyAma arthAt kAle raMga se karanA caahiye| isakA sthAna hai 'shktikendr'| zakti kendra kA sthAna yA pairoM ke sthAna para kAle varNa ke sAtha isa maMtrapada kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| kAlA varNa avazoSaka hotA hai| kAlA chAtA kyoM rakhA jAtA hai? sardI meM vakIla aura nyAyAdhIza kAlA koTa kyoM pahanate haiM? yaha isaliye ki yaha kAlA raMga avazoSaka hotA hai| yaha bAhara ke prabhAva ko bhItara nahIM jAne detaa| yaha kAlA varNa mahattvapUrNa varNa hai| kAle raMga kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha anya vargoM kI udAttatA ko bhI grahaNa nahI karatA, apitu usakA yahI prayAsa rahatA hai ki vaha dUsare varNoM ko bhI svayaM meM milA le| unheM bhI apane rUpa, guNa ke anurUpa banA le| __yahA~ sAdhu pada kA varNa bhI zyAma mAnya kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki pUrva meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki yaha raMga avazoSaka hotA hai, jisa para anya kisI raMga kA prabhAva nahIM par3a sktaa| usI prakAra sAdhu pada sAdhanAmArga kA prathama caraNa, prathama sopAna hai| tyAga-vairAgya ke mUrtimantra rUpa haiN| umeM guNoM ko avazoSita karane kI kSamatA nihita hai| anya vargoM kA prabhAva kAle raMga para nahIM par3atA, usI prakAra bhautikatA kA prabhAva bhI sAdhu para raMga nahIM jamA sktaa| anya varNoM jaise lAla, pIle, Adi ke AkarSaNa se unako unmukta honA caahiye| vastutaH zyAma raMga se mana meM eka ajIva vitRSNA-sI paidA hotI hai aura usake saMparka meM viSaNNa banane lagatA hai| isI kAraNa mUrdhanya AcAryoM ne ise zoka, viSAda, mRtyu kA bhI sUcaka batAyA hai| kAle jhaMDe, kAle bille Adi virodha ke pradarzaka hai| ___ mahAkAla aura mahAkAlI kI pratimAe~ sadaiva kAle raMgoM meM raMgI hotI hai| vAstava meM kAla zabda mRtyu kA saMdezavAhaka hai| ataH unheM dekhakara sadaiva smaraNa rakhanA hai ki yaha naisargika hai| usakI anivAryatA ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA balki sadaiva usakA smaraNa rakhakara asatkAryoM se bacA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra yaha kAlA raMga jAgaraNa kA prathama sopAna bana jAtA hai| 1. prekSAdhyAna : lezyAdhyAna pR. 54-55 2. tIrthaMkara-2 pR. 53, 76

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(334) * sAdhu kA raMga kAlA bhI isIliye kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki sAdhanA kA prathama sopAna sAdhu hai| sAdhutva kA prArambha zyAma varNa se hai| cUMki kAlA varNa avazoSakatA kA pratIka hai, to sAdhu ko bhI sokhane vAlA bananA caahiye| use krodha Adi kaSAyoM ko sokhane vAlA bananA cAhiye, yadi koI usase vaira kare, to bhI use sokhanA caahiye| sAdhu vaha jo jitanI bhI burAIyA~ ho, usa sabako samudra kI taraha sokha le| use isa taraha kA avazoSaka bana jAnA cAhiye ki vaha jo bhI anukUla pratikUla ho, use AtmasAt kara le| sAdhu arthAt uttama, acchaa| vahA~ doSa, burAI kA nAmo nizAna na rhe| kAle raMga meM uSNatA aura agni donoM hI hai| kAle raMga meM uSNatA kA pariNAma jyAdA hotA hai| agni usake lie atyAvazyaka hai| sAdhu ko bhI agni bahuta jarurI hai, kyoMki usako nirjarA karanI hai| usako agni kA zoSaNa karanA hI caahiye| sokhanA yAni sahana krnaa| kAle raMga para anya raMga nahIM car3ha pAtA, varan vaha anya raMgoM ko apane samAna banA letA hai| isI prakAra sAdhu para kSamAdi guNoM kA raMga laga jAtA hai, taba usa para krodhAdi kA, bhautikavAda kA raMga nahIM, car3ha paataa| vaha pratikUlatAoM ko bhI apane anukUla banA letA hai| sahana zakti ke mAdhyama se saba sokha letA hai| anyoM ko pratibodha dekara, tyAga vairAgya kA pATha par3hA kara usakA raMga car3hAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| prasiddha kavi rahImadAsajI ne bhI kahA hai-rahimana kAlI kamariyA, caDhe na dUjo rNg| isa prakAra sAdhu kA kAlA varNa apekSA se saMgata pratIta hotA hai| raMgoM kI viziSTatAH vilakSaNatA ___ yadi ina pAMcoM padoM meM nihita raMgoM kA, unakI viziSTatA tathA vilakSaNatA ko dekheM to yaha jJAta hogA ki raMgoM kA aura ina paMca padoM kA jo ghaniSTa saMbaMdha hai, use AcAryoM ne vaijJAnika AdhAra para saMyojita kiyA hai, usakA zodhana kiyA hai aura nirdeza kiyA hai| dhyAna, samAdhi ke mAdhyama se viziSTa pada meM nihita raMga kA anusaMdhAna kiyA hai, jo maulika hone ke sAtha preraka bhI hai| raMgoM kI bhASA ko badalane para dhyAna, jApa ke samaya zabda ko raMga meM badalanA caahiye| zabda se raMga kI ora bar3hane para ekAgratA hone lagegI, ekAgratA se dhyAna sdhegaa| phira dhyAna tapa bana jAegA aura yaha tapa hameM Atmopalabdhi taka le 1. vahI pR. 67

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(335) jaaegaa| jaba raMgoM meM badalate badalate bhASA se bhI Age jAkara zvAMsa kI lekhanI se likhakara Age bar3he tabhI isakI sArthakatA hai| raMgoM para dhyAna jAnA hI vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| maMtra ke mAdhyama se, raMgoM kI bhUmikA sAdhate hue bhI zabda se Age, azabda honA hai, zabdAtIta honA hai, bhASA se bhI pare honA hai| paMca padoM se saMbaMdhita vargoM ke sAtha upAsanA karate samaya raMga kI viziSTatA cAroM ora bAhara-bhItara, bahirjagat, aura antarjagat meM krAntikArI prabhAva ho skegaa| tabhI yaha adbhuta zakti banakara AtmajAgaraNa, Atmikazakti ko ujAgara karane vAlA sAdhana bana sakatA hai| isase banI sAdhanAmUlaka bhUmikA para ArUr3ha hokara viziSTa raMgoM ke mAdhyama se siddhi kI ora Age bar3hanA hai| vAstava meM ye raMga bhI sAdhana mAtra hI hai| sAdhaka ko sAdhana kA avalambana lekara sAdhya siddha karanA hai| sAdhya svarUpa paMcaparameSThI padoM ko sAdhanA hai| yaha eka adbhuta bAta hai ki brahmANDa meM raMga vyApta hai, vahA~ dhvani bhI vyAsa hai| raMga aura dhvaniyA~ paraspara saMbaMdhita hai| hamAre jIvana meM inakI vyApti hai| vastutaH dhvaniyoM ke raMga hote haiN| Telivijana meM kalara TrAnsamiTa karate haiM, unako kalara meM badalA jAtA hai| dhvaniyoM ke samAna raMgoM ko bhI taraMgoM ke mAdhyama se bhejA jAtA hai| parameSThI padoM ke bhI apane apane varNa (raMga) haiN| AcAryoM ne inameM nihita varNoM ko darzAyA hai| raMgoM kA apanA bahuta bar3A mahattva hai| Aja to raMga cikitsA (kalara therepI) cikitsA paddhati meM apanA anUThA sthAna rakhatI hai| rogoM kA nivAraNa raMgoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA jA rahA hai| zarIra para kapar3oM kA raMga, kamare kI dIvAreM usameM amukha raMga kA valba, raMga kA seka dekara rogoM kA nidAna kiyA jAtA hai| jyotiSa zAstra meM bhI raMgoM kA mahattva kama nhiiN| pratyeka graha, nakSatroM ke bhI apane raMga hote hai| ugra grahoM ke zamana ke lie athavA grahoM ko uttejita karane ke lie vizeSa raMga kA naga dhAraNa karanA, mAlA, vastra Adi vizeSa raMga kA dhAraNa karake jApa Adi anuSThAna karane kI prakriyA bhI pracalita hai| ina mantra ke saMdarbha meM raMga-vijJAna ko lekara sUkSma va gaharAI se cintana . apekSita hai| kyoMki yaha maMtra raMgoM ke mAdhyama se prakRti se to jur3A hai sAtha hI AdhyAtmikatA se bhI jur3A huA hai, raMgoM ke samAna hI isakI vyApti hai| raMgoM kA yaha AyAma Adhunika raMga-vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM isa maMtra kI prakRti se saMbaddha pakSa ke rahasya ko udghATita karane meM sahAyaka siddha huA hai|

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(336) sAdhanA-dhyAna siddhi meM sahAyaka : raMga ___ sAdhu kA raMga kAlA hai, kAle raMga meM uSNatA va agni donoM hai| upAdhyAya kA nIlA raMga hai| nIlA raMga bhI agni kA hai| yadi ki 'phlaimsa' ko dekheM to vaha nIlI hotI hai| koyalA kAlA hai, to usameM bhI agni hai| nIle raMga meM to aura bhI teja lau hotI hai| isakA matalaba yaha hai ki koyale se yAni kAle raMga se sAdhu teja banatA hai, to nIle raMga kI taraha upAdhyAya meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| pIlA raMga bhI agni se saMbaMdhita hai| isa prakAra AcArya taka ko kAlA, nIlA aura pIlA honA hotA hai| kyA dhUpa meM kama garamI hai? yahA~ bhI agni hotI hai| siddhoM kA raMga lAla hai| kyA lAla raMga meM agni nahIM hotI? isameM bhI agni bharapUra hotI hai, kintu vaha saumya rUpa meM rahatI hai| isakA matalaba yaha hai ki sArA hI dhyAna nirjarA para kendrita hai| yena kena prakAreNa karmoM se mukta ho jaaeN| zveta raMga arhat kA hai| lAla raMga ko yadi lAla prakAza meM dekheM to vaha lAla nahIM dikhAI detA, usameM vaha zveta raMga hI dikhatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki zveta raMga lAla raMga meM nihita hai| vastutaH zveta meM sabhI raMga nihita hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki arhat meM sAdhu bhI maujUda hai| sAdhutva, upAdhyAyatva aura AcAryatva bhI vidyamAna hai| vAstava meM zveta eka spekTrasa hai| kula milAkara yadi hama dekheM, to raMgoM ko raMga-vijJAna ko isameM kAphI soca samajhakara gaMbhIratA aura dUradarzitApUrvaka cintana-manana ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai yA ye varNa paMcaparameSThI meM jur3a gaye haiN| unakI apanI viziSTa bhUmikA hai| paMca parameSThI ke ye paMca varNa (raMga) zakti ke pratIka banakara hameM Atmopalabdhi kI dizA meM pravRtta kara sakate haiN| hamAre zarIra meM bhI sabhI raMgoM kI upasthiti hai| raMgoM kA saMtulana aura saMyojana hamAre zarIra meM bhI haiN| yadi inameM se eka bhI raMga kI kamI yA adhikatA ho jAe, anupAta yA saMtulana bigar3ane lage to zarIra meM azAnti/ghabarAhaTa paidA ho jAtI hai| zarIra rugNa bhI ho sakatA hai| zarIra meM saMbaMdhita raMga kI kamI ko pUrA karane ke lie viTAminsa lene par3ate haiN| raMga cikitsA bhI isakA nidAna karatI hai| ina saMbaMdhita raMgoM kI pUrti paMca padoM ke saMbaMdhita raMgoM se bhI ho sakatI hai| ina raMgoM kI pUrti ina padoM ke abhIkSNa dhyAna se ho sakatI hai| isase raMgoM kI pUrti hI nahIM hogI, balki raMgoM se nirvikAratA, sAtvikatA bhI aayegii| hamAre zarIra meM ina padoM 1. tIrthaMkara pR. 68-77

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. 13370 (337) kI ArAdhanA se raMgoM kA saMtulana hone ke sAtha nirmalIkaraNa bhI hotA hai| unameM rahane vAlI vikRtiyA~ dUra hotI hai| isa prakAra raMgoM kI zuddhi hone se zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai| ina parameSThI padoM kA raMgoM ke mAdhyama se, inakA AlaMbana lekara dhyAna evaM upAsanA kI jA sakatI hai| ina padoM ko raMgoM meM sAkAra, mUrtimanta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vRttAkAra bhI inako prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| yadi tAbAla meM eka choTA sA kaMkara pheMkA jAye to usameM vRttAkAra taraMgeM uThatI hai, jo ki lagAtAra eka ke bAda eka vRtta banAkara taTa taka pahu~catI haiN| isa mahAmaMtra meM arhat pada se lagAtAra vRtta paidA hokara sAdhu pada taka pahuMcate haiN| ye vRtta virAma nahIM lete lagAtAra banate cale jAte haiN| phalasvarUpa manoyogapUrvaka, niSThApUrvaka, kI gaI upAsanA se eka zakti paidA hotI hai| utpanna huI yaha UrjA manovikAroM kA, kaSAyoM kA, azubha vRttiyoM kA zamana karatI hai| karmoM kI nirjarA karatI hai| azubha kRtyoM kA zubha kRtyoM meM pravartana karatI hai| asat kA sat meM rUpAntaraNa karake vyaktitva ko nikhAratI huI paMca pada maya svarUpa nirmANa meM parama sahAyaka hotI hai| __paMca parameSThI ke ina raMgoM kI vizeSa carcA tIrthaMkara' mAsika ke NamokAra maMtra vizeSAMka bhAga 1-2, evaM prekSAdhyAna : lezyA dhyAna meM kI gaI hai| * * * * * * * -

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(338) adhyAya-9 1. paMca parameSThI kI maMtra rUpa meM pratiSThA : namaskAra mahAmaMtra - namaskAra maMtra kI saMracanA (zabda deha) - maMtra kI upAdeyatA - maMtra svarUpa meM sthApanA - maMtra zabda kA vyutpatti paraka artha - maMtra ziromaNi navakAra - maMtra kI gaharAI - navakAramaMtra kA mahamaMtratva 2. paMca parameSThI kI sarvadRSTitA - sarvotkRSTatA - tridoSazAmaka : triguNavardhaka : tripada maMtra - mokSa aura vinaya kA bIja - jJAna-kriyA ubhaya svarUpa - karmayoga, bhaktiyoga aura jJAnayoga kA triveNI saMgama - saMsAra nAzaka : paMca parameSThI - tattvaruci, tattvabodha, tattvapariNati rUpa : paMca parameSThI - prApta, vyApta aura samApta : paMcaparameSThI

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. (339) paMca parameSThI kI maMtra rUpa meM pratiSThA-namaskAra maMtra jaina paramparA meM ina paMca padoM ko namaskAra svarUpa maMtra rUpa meM ise pratiSThita kiyA hai| jise namaskAra mahAmaMtra abhidhAna se sanmAnita kiyA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa hetu sAdhanA ke vividha AyAmoM meM maMtra kA sthAna sarvopari hai| sabhI majahaboM meM maMtra rUpa se kisI na kisI maMtra kI pratiSThA avazya huI hai| cAhe hindu ho yA jaina AtmA kI caitasika avasthA prApta karane meM maMtra ko prathama sopAna kahA gayA hai| vAstava meM maMtra vaha bindu hai, jahA~ se AdhyAtmika yAtrA kA prArambha hotA hai aura aMta meM maMtra svarUpa sAdhaka svayaM mUrtimanta ho jAtA hai| arthAt Atma-pravAsa kA prArambha yA anta maMtramaya hotA hai| hindu paramparA meM jo sthAna 'gAyatrI maMtra' kA hai, bauddha paramparA meM 'trizaraNa maMtra' kA hai, jaina paramparA meM vahI sthAna 'namaskAra mahAmaMtra' kA hai| veda-vAkya bArambAra manana karane yogya hone se, RSi muniyoM ke smaraNa karane se, virAT vizva ke svarUpa kA unako AbhAsa huaa| parama tattva kA prakAza milA, ataH maMtra khlaaye| bauddhoM kI trizaraNa pada racanA bhI isa dRSTi se maMtra rUpa meM pratiSThita huii| isI prakAra jaina dharma meM bhI namaskAra maMtra ko bhI khyAti prApti huI hai| __'namaskAra mahAmaMtra' jo ki jaina dharma kA maMtra ziromaNi hai, aura vaha navakAra maMtra, nokAramaMtra, paMca parameSThI maMtra, NamokAra maMtra Adi aneka abhidhAnoM se AkhyAta hai| vaha prAcIna paramparA meM thA yA nahIM? yadi thA to kisa rUpa meM thA? usakA svarUpa kyA thA? kyoMki maMtroM meM jitanA pracalana jaina paramparA meM isa maMtra kA hai, utanA anya kisI kA nhiiN| yahA~ taka ki anya maMtroM kA Adya bhI isI se hotA hai tathA prAdurbhAva bhI prAyaH inhIM maMtrAkSaroM se huA hai| ataH yaha to sarvamAnya hai ki ina maMtrAkSaroM kA sthAna sarvopari hai| __jahA~ taka prAcInatA kA savAla hai, vahA~ paramparAgata pracalana to yahI hai ki yaha anAdi nidhana evaM zAzvata hai| kintu isa paramparAgata mAnyatA ko vidvadgaNa dvArA pramANabhUta svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| Agamika dRSTikoNa se jainAgamoM meM ekAdaza aMgoM ko prAcInatama mAnya kiyA gayA hai| usameM 'paMcama vyAkhyAprajJapti' (bhagavatI) sUtra meM (vi.pU. 3-4 za.) ina paMca padoM kA ullekha avazya kiyA gayA hai, kintu bhagavatI jI meM ise parameSThI abhidhAna se abhihita nahIM kiyA gyaa| mahAnizItha sUtra (vi.za.8-9) meM sarvaprathama ise 'paJcamaGgalamahAzrutaskaMdha' yaha lAkSaNika saMjJA prApta 1. bhagavatI sUtra-zataka 1. uddezaka 1. 2. mahAnizItha sUtra-adhyaya. 3 sU. 13-saMpA. vijayajinendra sUri

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(340) huii| 'mahAnizItha' sUtra meM kathana hai ki "vajrasvAmI ne vyucchinna paJcamaGgala kI niyukti Adi kA uddhAra karake ise mUla sUtra meM sthAna diyA tathA usake pazcAt AcArya haribhadra ne isakI khaMDita prati ke AdhAra se isakA uddhAra kiyaa|" - ise 'paJcamaGgalamahAzrutaskaMdha' kahane kA kyA tAtparya hai? sAmAnyatayA jainAgamoM ko zruta zabda se abhipreta kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki usameM jo jJAna saMgrahita hai, vaha karNapatha ke dvArA zravaNa karake saMcita kiyA gayA hai| usa zruta ke samudAya ko 'skaMdha' kahA gayA hai| skaMdha se tAtparya samUha athavA khaNDa bhI hai, to kahIM-kahI 'zrutaskaMdha' kA artha dvAdazAGga bhI kiyA hai| samasta Agama granthoM ko zrutaskaMdha kahA jAne para bhI isa choTe se sUtra yA maMtra ko 'mahA' vizeSaNa lagAkara ise 'mahAzrutaskaMdha' kahA gyaa| isI se yaha samasta AgamoM kA sAra hai| zAstroM meM evaM isa 'namaskAra maMtra' meM kisakA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai? paMca-maMgala arthAt paMca pada jo ki maMgala svarUpa hai| ye paMca pada haiM namo arihNtaannN| namo siddhaannN| namo aayriyaannN| namo uvjjhaayaannN| namo loe savva saahuunnN| ye paMca pada haiM, jinako isa sUtra meM namaskAra kiyA hai| cAra pada cUlikA ke haiM - eso paMca namukkAro, savva paavppnnaasnno| maMgalANaM ca savvesiMha, paDhamaM havai maMgalaM / / namaskAra maMtra kI saMracanA (zabda-deha) ina nava padoM meM arhat , siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ina paMca parameSThI padoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai| ye pA~coM parameSThI hI uttama puruSa haiM tathA inake atirikta anya koI uttama puruSa na hone se inako kiyA gayA namaskAra maMgalakArI mAnA gayA hai| yaha namaskAra samasta pApoM kA prakRSTa rUpa se nAza karatA hai| ataH prathama arthAt pramukha maMgala hai| isameM navapada, ATha sampadA tathA 68 akSara haiN| isameM na kisI vyakti 1. mahAnizItha sUtra-adhya. 3 sU. 14-zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina grantha mAlA lAkhAbAvala-zAntipurI (saurASTra)

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(341) vizeSa ko namaskAra hai aura na hI kisI jAti vizeSa ko| varan yaha namaskAra guNoM para AdhArita hai| yaha sampradAyAtIta hai| isa prakAra yaha deza, kAla, vyakti, jAti ke ghere se Abaddha na hokara sArvabhaumika, sArvatrika evaM sArvajanIna hai| aura isIlie ise paMcamaMgala kahane kA kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki jisa prakAra tila meM taila, kamala meM makaraMda, dUdha meM ghI, puSpa meM suvAsa, tathA kASTha meM agni sarvAMzoM meM vyApta hai, usI prakAra yaha namaskAra-sUtra tathA usakA bhAva zAstroM meM Adya uccAraNa kiyA ho athavA na kiyA ho, taba bhI yaha samasta zAstroM meM vyApta hai| isa prakAra yaha 'namaskAra maMtra' eka AgamazAstrokta, Adya, mahattvapUrNa evaM sArthaka nAmakaraNa hai, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| maMtrI kI upAdeyatA - isa namaskAra sUtra ko maMtra svarUpa kaise prApta huA? isa para vicAra karane se pUrva yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki jaina dharmadarzana meM maMtra-taMtra ko kyA sthAna prApta hai? isa para bhI lakSa diyA jaay| jaina dharma 'Atma sApekSa' dharma hai| jisakA kendra bindu Atma anulakSI hai| AdhyAtmika utkrAnti hI isakA parama evaM caramalakSya hai| taba kyA maMtra taMtra ko isameM sthAna diyA gayA hai? jainAgamoM meM taMtra zabda kA to ullekha mAtra bhI dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| maMtra zabda prayukti dRSTigata to hotI hai, kintu usakA dRSTikoNa upAdeya to kyA jJeya bhI nahIM hai| mAtra heya rUpa se hI usakA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai| AcArAGgara (I. pU. 3 zatI), sUtrakRtAGga ( (I. pU. 3 zatI), ThANAGga (6 zatI vi.saM.),samavAyAGga (vi.saM. 12 zatI), jJAtAdharmakathAGga (vi.6.zatI), prazna vyAkaraNa (vi.6 zatI.) Adi aMga AgamoM meM, dazavaikAlika (I.pU.4 zatI.) uttarAdhyayana (I. pU. 4 zatI), dhavalA TI (8 vIM zatI. zaka.), syaNasAra (3-4zatAbdI) , jJAnArNavara (13 vI.za.) AdiAgama sUtroM meM maMtra-taMtra ko 1. mahA ni.a.3 sU. 15 2. AcA. sU. 2 zrU. 1 a. 2 u. 3 sU., zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) 3. sUtrakRta. sU. 1-14. 1.8.4 sU., zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) 4. ThANaM. 5.3, 5.194, 9.27.1 sU., zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) 5. samavAya. 29.1 sU., zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) 6. jJAtA. 1.5.55 sU., zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) 7. prazna vyA. 2.12, 7.10-11 sU., zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) 8. daza.-8.50 sU., zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) 9. uttara. 15.8, 36.264 jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura) 10.dhavalA TI.-13.5, 5, 82.349.8 jaina sAhityoddhAra phaMDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI (barAra) 11. rayaNasAra 109. guja. di. jaina, si. saMrakSinI, himmatanagara (guja.) (3-4 zatAbdI) 12. jJAnArNava 4.52-55 : zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, AgAsa vAyA ANaMda (guja.)

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(342) tiraskRta dRSTi se dekhA hai| yahA~ taka ki isakI sAdhanA ko bhI 'pApazrutaprasaGga' kahA hai| sAdhaka cAhe bhikSu ho athavA bhikSuNI, use maMtra-taMtra se dUra rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ho sakatA hai vazIkaraNa, uccATana, mAraNa, AkarSaNa Adi jo maMtra kI vikRta avasthA hai, usakA pracalana hone se niSedha kiyA gayA ho| __ yahA~ eka bAra para punaH dhyAna denA hai ki jahA~ ina AgamoM meM maMtra sAdhanA kA niSedha kiyA hai, vahA~ bhagavatI sUtra', jJAtA dharmakathAGga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika, gommaTasAra' ( (jIva kANDa) (vi. 11 za.) meM jahA~-jahA~ gaNadharoM evaM sthaviroM ke guNa-varNana kiye haiM, usameM unako vahA~ maMtra-pradhAna' zabda se bhI vibhUSita kiyA hai| sAtha hI maMtra sAdhanA ko upAdeya bhI mAnya kiyA hai| isa prakAra donoM meM virodha upasthita hotA hai| yahA~ tAtparya yaha hai ki maMtrasAdhanA meM una maMtrAdi kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, jo vikRti svarUpa meM ho| jisameM Atma-sAdhana na ho, hiMsAdi pradhAna ho| dUsarI ora AgamoM ke antargata bArahavA~ aMga 'dRSTivAda' jo ki vyucchinna (naSTa) ho gayA hai, usameM caturdaza pUrvo kA bhI samAveza hotA hai| cUMki ye bhI kAla ke prabhAva se vicchinna ho gaye haiN| inameM se dasavA~ pUrva jo ki 'vidyA-pravAda' nAmaka thA, usameM maMtra, taMtra, yaMtra aura vidyAoM kI pracuratA se racanA kI gaI thii| sAtha hI hajAroM varSoM se jainAcAryoM ke dvArA maMtrazAstra kI racanA, upAsanA hotI calI AI hai| itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki prasaMgopAtta jaina zAsana (dharma) kI rakSA ke lie lAbhAlAbha ko lakSya meM rakhakara anekAneka AcAryoM ne viziSTa maMtropAsanA kI hai| Arya sthUlabhadra (vi.pu. 4 zatI) vajra svAmI (vi. 2 zatI), Arya khapuTAcArya (vi.za.1.) Arya maMgu (vi.pU. 1 zatI), pAdalipta sUri (vi. zatI 3), siddhasena divAkara (vi. zatI 5) , mAnatuMga sUri (vi.zatI 7), haribhadra sUri (vi.zatI 8), mAnadevasUri (vi. zatI 1), navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri (vi.zatI 11), kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandrAcArya (vi. zatI 12), jinadattasUri (vi.zatI 12), vAdivetAla zAMtisUri (vi. 11 zatI), 1. bhagavatI 2.95 2. jJAtA. 1.1.4 3. uttarA. 20.27 4. daza. 9.1.11 5. gommaTa, 184.419/18, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI 6. samavAya. 14.2 naMdI sUtrI 109, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.)

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(343) jinaprabhasUri (vi.zatI 14), Adi aneka prAcanI tathA arvAcIna AcArya anubhavI samartha maMtravAdI the| Arya sthUlabhadra jaise sthavira ko to binA kAraNa, anAvazyaka maMtra-vidyA kA prayoga karane se daNDa diyA gyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki sakhta pratibaMdha hone se anya dharmoM kI bhAMti jainadharma meM isa maMtravAda se AcAramArga meM vikRti kA padArpaNa na ho skaa| dUsarI ora jahA~ aihika phala kI AzA se maMtropAsanA karate, vahA~ jainoM kA lakSya ekamAtra karma-nirjarA (nAza) thaa| isI kAraNa vizeSa rUpa se zAkta logoM ke maMtravAda se jainoM ke maMtra tathA vidyA sarvathA pavitra evaM nirdoSa vidhisAdhya hone se bhI maMtravAda AcAroM meM vikRti utpanna nahIM kara skaa| maMtra svarUpa sthApanA namaskAra sUtra ne maMtrasvarUpa kaise dhAraNa kiyA? isa maMtra ko artha rUpa se arahanta deva dvArA prarUpita kiyA gayA hai tathA ise zabda-deha' meM gaNadhara bhagavantoM ne gumphita kiyA hai| isakI racanA sAragarbhita, sundara, saMdeharahita hai evaM AptavANI hone se ise sUtra kahA gayA evaM nirantara manana karane yogya hone se isane maMtra svarUpa bhI dhAraNa kiyaa| ___ isa namaskAra sUtra ko jaina zAstroM meM aneka abhidhAnoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| yathA-paMcamaMgala, paMcamaMgalamahAzrutaskaMdha, paMca namaskAra, parameSThI namaskAra, paMca guru namaskAra, paMca guru namaskRti, jina namaskAra, namukkAra, namokkAra, paMcanamokkAra, navakAra, nokAra aadi| kyA isa namaskAra maMtra kI gaNanA maMtra kI koTi meM ho sakatI hai? isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki maMtra se tAtparya kyA hai? maMtra kise kahA jAye? ___ "maMtra eka akSara yA akSara samUha hai athavA eka zabda yA zabda zrRMkhalA ho sakatA hai|" taMtra zAstra meM pratyeka dhvani (varNa) kisI devatA vizeSa ke dhvanisvarUpa yA kisI devatA ke taMtra se sambandhita mAnA gayA hai, jisakA pratinidhitva varNa ke dvArA hotA hai| isalie vizeSa varNoM yA akSaroM kA saMyoga, vizeSa devatAoM ke dhvani svarUpa mAnA gayA hai| RSiyoM ne bhI apanI divya dRSTi se dekhA thA ki devatAoM ke dhvani pratIka viziSTa raMga bhI hote haiN| pratyeka maMtra apanA eka asAdhAraNa vyaktitva bhI rakhatA hai| maMtra ko doharAnA yA usa para ekAgra honA satya 1. vizeSA. bhA. 1161 Avazyaka niyukti gA. 1921

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(344) zakti devatA ko tapas ke dvArA prakaTa kara denA hai| isase vimukta huI zakti ko AdhyAtmika yA bhautika lakSyoM kI prApti meM lagAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha hai usa maMtra kA svarUpa jo guru se ziSya kI zakti aura jJAna ke preSaNa kA vAhaka hai| parantu yaha ullekhanIya hai ki mAnava vANI ke rUpa meM tathA mAnavIya stara para binA koI vizeSa prabhAva paidA kiye kisI bhI anya zabda, sAdhAraNa zabda mAtra kI taraha yaha banA raha sakatA hai, yA usI kI taraha pramANita ho sakatA hai| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki yaha apane AtmA kA kAma karane vAle satya kI AdhyAtmika zakti se anuprANita hotA hai| maMtra bhI anivArya rUpa se apane prathama dRSTA RSi-muni kI zakti se AviSTa rahate haiM, jinhoMne ise apanI AtmA meM rakhA aura apanI AtmA kI pUrNa zakti ke sAtha ise svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| aura phira apanI Atmazakti se pUrita karake Age Ane vAlI pIr3hI taka phuNcaayaa| __ uparyukta maMtra-svarUpa kI vyAkhyA kI apekSA se namaskAra-maMtra kA zabda saMyojana viziSTa divya puruSoM se hI saMlagna hai| jisa prakAra auSadhiyoM ko bhinnabhinna anupAna ke sAtha lene para, bhinna-bhinna prakAra se mizraNa karane para vividha sAmarthya utpanna karate haiN| usI prakAra maMtrAkSara bhI vividha mudrA, nyAsa, maNDala tathA (varNa) Adi ke prayoga se vividha prakAra kI saMyojanA karane se aneka prakAra ke adbhuta camatkArI kArya kara sakate hai| arhat Adi pA~coM padoM kA zabda saMyoga eka divya zakti kA pragaTIkaraNa caitasika bhUmikA meM karate haiN| ye akSara-vinyAsa pIr3hI paramparAgata rUpa se to prApta huA hI hai, tathApi isakA AdhAna upadhAna tapa ke mAdhyama se karAyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta jaina AcAra-kriyA praddhati meM yathA AcArya prada pradAna, pratiSThA, aMjanazalAkA Adi vidhiyoM meM anivArya rUpa se maMtrAkSaroM kI guptatA rakhI jAtI hai| ___ isa maMtra meM viziSTa varNa saMyojanA ke sAtha hI sAtha paMca padoM ke viziSTa raMga bhI nirdhArita hai, kramazaH zveta, rakta, pIta, nIla evaM kRSNa raMgoM se AviSTa ye paMca pada haiN| ina padoM ke raMga ke anurUpa bhI dhyAna karane kI paddhati pracalita hai| maMtra zabda kA vyutpatti paraka artha camatkArika zaktiyoM meM maMtra evaM vidyA ina do zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| jaina pravacana (siddhAnta) meM vidyA ke antargata maMtra kA saMbhavataH samAveza kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki pUrvo meM vidyA pravAda' ke antargata maMtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. puMDalIka, paM. mAdhava : tAMtrika sAdhanA pR. 24

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(345) vyAkaraNa divAdigaNa ke jJAna-bodha artha meM rahe 'man' dhAtu ke 'tra' pratyaya se niSpanna maMtra zabda kI vyAkhyA tathA vyutpatti vividha prakAra se ho sakatI hai| 'mananAt trAyate yasmAt tasmAnmantraH prakIrtitaH'- manana karane para jo akSara apanA rakSaNa karate haiM, una akSaroM ko maMtra kahA jAtA hai| pUrvAcAryoM evaM maMtravidoM dvArA kie gaye vidhAna evaM artha nimna haiM 1. jo puruSa devatA se adhiSThita ho| 2. jo pATha siddha ho| 3. viziSTa akSaroM kI racanA vizeSa jo devoM se adhiSThita ho|' 4. jisakA manana karane se trANa-rakSaNa hotA ho|' ___5. jisameM utkRSTa vyaktiyoM athavA deva deviyoM Adi kA Adara satkAra karane meM AyA ho, vaha maMtra hai| 6. yogI puruSa apanI divya yoga dRSTi se sAmarthya kA sAkSAtkAra karake vividha kAryoM ke lie jo vividha akSaroM kI yojanA karate haiM, unako maMtrAkSara kahA jAtA hai| ___ ina pA~coM hI arthoM kA ghaTana namaskAra maMtra meM hone se yaha maMtra-yogyatA dhAraNa karatA hai| maMtra vyAkaraNa', Rgveda, manusmRti', vArAhI tantra, raghuvaMza, zrImad bhAgavata', siddhAnta kaumudI, bRhannIlataMtra', mahAbhArata'2, brahmavaivarta Adi grantha maMtra yogyatA ko prakaTa karane vAle haiN| namaskAramaMtra kI racanA siddha-puruSoM ke dvArA hone se yaha siddha maMtra bhI hai tathA parama uccakoTi kA maMtra hone se hI ise varamaMtra, paramamaMtra yA mahAmaMtra bhI kahA gayA hai| zrI haribhadrasUrijI ne 'yogabindu' ke pUrvasevA adhikAra meM ise 'mRtyuJjayamaMtra' kahakara sammAnita kiyA hai|" 1. namaskAra niyukti 2. paMcakalpa bhASya 1, dhavalA. 3 dhi., paMcAzaka 1 kalpa, nizIdha cUrNi) 3. paMcAzaka TI 13 vi 4. taMtra zAstra, piMgilA mata, SoDazaka 7 viva., rudrayAmala, lalitA sahasra 5. maMtra vyAkaraNa 6. Rgveda 67.4.74 : vizvezvarAnanda vaidika zodha saMsthAna, hoziyArapura 7. manusmRti 7.217, 2.16 8. raghuvaMza 1.61 : nirNayasAgara presa, bmbii| 9. zrImad bhAgavata 3.1.12 gItApresa gorakhapura 10. siddhAnta kaumudI 5.3.7 11. bRhannIlatantra 2 paTala 12. mahAbhArata 5.193.5 : jozI zaMkara narahara, puNyapattana 13. brahmavaivartapurANa gaNapati khaNDa 44 adhyAyaH motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI 14. yogabindu 34 : jaina grantha prakAzana sabhA, ahamadAbAda

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(346) 'maMtra vyAkaraNa' meM maMtroM ke tIna prakAra ullikhita hai1. bIja maMtra 2.maMtra 3. mAlA maMtra jo maMtra eka akSara se 9 akSara taka hotA hai use bIja maMtra, jo dasa se bIsa akSara kA ho, use maMtra tathA jo bIsa adhika akSaroM se yukta ho, vaha mAlAmaMtra kahalAtA hai| isa apekSA se namaskAra maMtra meM sAdhika bIsa akSara hone se isakI gaNanA mAlAmaMtra kI koTi meM AtI hai| kintu spaSTatA Avazyaka yaha hai ki mAlA maMtra vizeSa rUpa se vRddhAvasthA meM phaladAyI hote haiN| jabaki yaha mAlAmaMtra AbAlavRddha sabhI avasthAoM meM phaladAyI hai| yahA~ eka zaMkA hotI hai ki maMtra OM hrIM Adi bIjAkSara saMyukta hote haiM, kintu isa namaskAra maMtra meM ina bIjAkSaroM kA abhAva hai, ataH yaha maMtra koTi meM sthAna nahIM le sktaa| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yaha satya hai ki isa maMtra meM bIjAkSaroM kA abhAva hai, kintu jaina mAnyatAnusAra U~ Adi bIjAkSaroM kA nirmANa bhI ina paMca padoM se hotA hai| jisa prakAra hindu paramparA yaha svIkAratI hai ki brahmA + viSNu + maheza ke saMyojana se U~ kI nirmita hotI hai| usI prakAra arahanta kA a, siddha arthAt azarIrI kA a, AcArya kA A, upAdhyAya kA u tathA sAdhu arthAt muni kA ma arthAt a a A u ma om / isa prakAra ina padoM se hI U~ niSpanna hotA hai| jaba ina paMca-padoM se hI bIjAkSaroM kI niSpatti hotI hai taba usameM bIjAkSaroM kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| tathApi Avazyaka na hone para bhI jainAcAryoM ne ina maMtrAkSaroM ke sAtha bIjAkSara saMlagna karake anekAneka maMtraracanA kI hai| yathA U~ hrIM arhat nmH| OM hrIM aiM nmH| OM hrIM namo arhntaannN| U~ namo siddham aadi|| uparyukta sabhI uddharaNoM se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki 'namaskAra mahAmaMtra' maMtra rUpa se labdha pratiSTha hai| isakA mAhAtmya atyadhika hone se isa para zatAdhika racanA hone para bhI adyApi granthanirmANa hote jA rahe haiN| yadyapi sabhI maMtroM meM yaha mahAmaMtra adhikAMzataH kisI na kisI rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| tathApi anya dharmo kI tAMtrika sAdhanA ke anusaraNa meM pazcAtkAlIna jainoM meM bhI kitaneka AcAryoM ne dunyavI kAryoM-laukika tathA lokottara kAryoM ke lie bhI maMtra kA viniyoga kiyA ho, aise udAraNa prApta hote haiM aura madhyakAla meM to jainoM kA alaga hI maMtravijJAna

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_ (347) race jAne kA ehasAsa hotA hai| namaskAra maMtra ke atirikta anya aneka maMtra bhI dRSTigata hote haiN| kintu sarvAdhika pracAra isa mahAmaMtra kA hai| sabhI jaina sampradAya ekamata se ise svIkArate haiN| sAmpradAyika matabheda hone ke bAvajUda bhI namaskAra mahAmaMtra kI mahimA akSuNNa hai| yahA~ taka ki japa-mAlA ko bhI navakAravAlI athavA nokaravAlI kahA jAtA hai| tathA sUryodaya ke pazcAt jaba prathama bAra AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, taba usakA saMkalpa sUtra kA bhI 'namukkAra sahiyaM se pratyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| pUjA vidhAna, dhyAna, jApa Adi sabhI AcAroM meM bhI isakA hI prAdhAnya rahatA hai| sarva prasaMgoM meM isakA smaraNa maMgalamaya mAnA gayA hai| yaha maMtra sarva pApoM kA nAza karane kI adbhuta zakti sampanna hai, taba ihalaukikapAralaukika vighnoM se rakSaNa kara anupama sukha sampatti pradAna karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha namaskAra maMtra jaina dharma kI AdhArazilA to hai hI, sAtha hI antima sAdhya bhI ye hI paMca pada hai| ___vAstava meM jaina dharma meM maMtra smaraNa sAdhanA kI eka vidyA hI mAnI gaI hai| sAdhya kI siddhi meM Atyantika sAdhanA rUpa ise mAnya na karake vItarAgatva, kaSAyajaya tathA samatA sAdhanA ko pramukha rUpa se aMgIkAra kiyA hai| maMtra smaraNa ko mAtra mana kI ekAgratA, dhyAna kI sthiratA meM sahAyaka bhUta svIkAra kiyA hai| AtmA kI zuddhAvasthA kI siddhi meM ise prAdhAnya na mAnakara gauNa mAnya kiyA hai| paMca padoM ke smaraNa taka hI iti zrI na mAnakara paMcapadamaya jIvanayApana hI yahA~ pradhAna lakSya hai| maMtra ziromaNi navakAra ___ mantra vahI hai jisake smaraNa se kArya siddhi ho| mantra akSara yA akSaroM kA samUha hai, arthAt akSara yA varNa samUha se mantra banate haiN| pratyeka akSara maMtra-bIja yukta hotA hai| isa dRSTi se akSara-rahita mantra kA koI astitva nahIM ho sktaa| 'nAstyanakSaraM mantram'-yaha sUtra isI bhAva kA darzaka hai| akSara athavA akSara samUha (zabda) meM aparimeya zakti vidyamAna rahatI hai| jisa prakAra zabdoM ke vibhinna dhvanyAtmaka prabhAva haiM, usI prakAra varNa aura varNa samUhAtmaka zabdoM ke mahattva prabhAva bhI vibhinna anubhava kSetroM meM pratyakSa hote pAye gaye haiM ataH zabda zakti acintya hai| isake yathocita prayoga evaM samanvaya ke samyak jJAtA durlabha hai| mantra meM prayojita akSara, varNa athavA unake samUhAtmaka zabdoM kA saMyojana mAtra hI kArya-sAdhaka zakti ho, so bAta nhiiN| isameM samAnAntara anya aneka

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(348) aprakaTa zaktiyA~ bhI kArya karatI haiN| ve haiM- maMtra yojaka ke manobhAva, lokopakAraka vRtti, tapobala tathA mantra sAdhaka kA mantra zakti ke prati akhaNDa vizvAsa, nizchala sadbhAva aura nirmala sdaashytaa| parameSThI-namaskAra meM ukta sabhI vizeSatAoM kA samaveta samAyojana hone ke kAraNa isakI zakti evaM zucitA anupama hai| jo mana kA trANa kare vaha hai mhaamntr| jagatvyApI azubha vicAroM ke prabhAva se mana ko niyantrita-surakSita rakhane kI zakti parameSThI namaskAra meM hone se vaha mahAmantra hai, kyoMki isase kisI kA aniSTa na hokara sabhI kA iSTa aura kalyANa hotA hai| isa mahAmantra ke cAra prasiddha nAma hai| 1. Agamika-zrI paMcamaMgala mahAzrutaskaMdha, jo mahAnizItha Adi Agama zAstroM meM milatA hai| 2. saiddhAntika- zrI paMca parameSThI-namaskAra mahAmantraH jo Agametara granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| * 3. vyAvahArika-zrI namaskAra mahAmaMtra, jo ArAdhakoM dvArA aura lekhakoM dvArA saMbodhita hai| 4. rUr3ha- zrI navakAra maMtra, jo navapada yukta hone se sarvasAmAnya dvArA lokavANI meM uccarita hai| sAdhAraNatayA mantra, zakti, vazIkaraNa, mAraNa, uccATana, AkarSaNa, staMbhana, saMmohana, vidveSaNa Adi laukika prayojanArtha kI jAtI hai, jisase nirdhArita kArya sAdhana meM avarodhaka zaktiyoM kA vazIkaraNa Adi kiyA jA ske| aise mantroM kI saphalatA kA AdhAra mantra sAdhaka kI zakti aura bhAvanA para nirbhara karatA hai| yadi sAdhaka kI bhAvanAe~ zuddha nahIM hai aura pratipakSI kA prArabdha ucca hai to mantra vyartha jAtA hai| yadi sAdhaka zuddha aura saccI bhAvanA yukta ho, kintu mantra azuddha hai athavA mantra zuddha ho kintu uccAraNa yA vidhi azuddha hai, yA uccAraNa-vidhi zuddha ho, kintu sAdhaka kA citta asthira hai, yA vaha dRr3ha zraddhAvAn nahIM hai to bhI mantra viphala ho sakatA hai| navakAra mahAmaMtra sabhI maMtroM meM isa dRSTi se bhI zreSThatama hai ki usakI zakti aparimeya hai| isake mukhya kAraNa hai-usake sRSTA loka zreSTha mahApuruSa hai| usakA pratipAdana arhat tIrthaGkaroM dvArA huA hai aura usakI sUtrabaddhatA gaNadhara bhagavantoM dvArA

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(349) huI hai| usakA vAcyArtha lokottara-zreSThatama maharSiyoM ke praNAma-svarUpa hai| artha dRSTi se yaha sarala hai, aura isakI racanA kliSThatA-rahita evaM uccAraNa meM sarvathA spaSTa hai| choTe-bar3e sabhI sAkSara isakA pATha-jApa AsAnI se kara sakate haiN| ve isakA zabdArtha bhAvArtha bhI sahaja hI hRdayaMgama kara sakate haiN| isakI sAdhanA-jApa yA smaraNa prAyaH niHspRha samyagdRSTi evaM uttama AtmArthI vyakti hI karate haiN| phala prApti hetu sAdhaka ko anya mantroM se jahA~ kAmanAe~ karanI par3atI hai, vahA~ navakAra mahAmantra kA jApa niSkAma karane se sAdhaka kI samasta kAmanAe~ svataH pUrNa ho jAtI haiN| namaskAra mahAmaMtra kI yaha adbhuta phaladAtrI zakti usake prayojakoM kI apUrva niSkAma bhAvanAoM kI parama pratIka hai| anya mantroM dvArA jina laukika devoM kI ArAdhanA yA AhvAna kiyA jAtA hai ve sabhI sarAgI, saMsArI aura spRhAyukta haiN| jabaki navakAra mantra dvArA jina mahAtmAoM kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai, ve sabhI AtmahitaiSI, vItarAgI, ni:spRha aura parama karuNA-sAgara maharSigaNa hai| jinakI acintya zaktimattA aura Atmateja ke samakSa laukika sarAgI devoM kI sattA bhI sarvathA nagaNya hai| __ anya mantroM meM laukika deva adhiSThAtA padadhArI hote haiM, jinakI zakti sImita huA karatI hai| unake jApa se jaba mantra kA svAmI devatA vazIbhUta hotA hai, tabhI vaha mantra siddha huA mAnA jAtA hai| jabaki paMca parameSThI maya navakAra maMtra ke svAmI hone kI zakti kisI bhI laukika deva meM nahIM hotii| balki laukika deva ulTe mahAprabhAvika namaskAra mantrasthita paMca parameSThI ke sevaka bane rahate haiM, tathA isase bhI adhika ve laukika devagaNa una ArAdhakoM ke jo navakAra maMtra kI ArAdhanA karate haiM, unakI paMca parameSThI kI bhakti se AkRSTa hokara ve deva unake bhI sevaka banakara rahate haiN| isase siddha hai ki namaskAra kisI deva kI zakti se zaktizAlI nahIM, kintu svataH hI aisA acintya zakti sampanna hai ki devoM ko bhI unake vazavartI honA par3atA hai| __ anya mantroM se lAbha-hAni, bhalAI-burAI Adi ubhaya prayojana sAdhe jAne ke vidhAna hai kintu namaskAra mahAmaMtra se kisI kA kabhI bhI azubha na hokara sabhI kA zubha hotA hai| vaha sabhI ke lie sadaiva parama iSTakAraka hai| yaha isakI sarvopari viziSTatA hai| isa mahAmantra kI anupama zucitA hai| jahA~ anya mantra laukika sAdhana bhAvapradAtA-pravaNa hone se sAmAyika-rata athavA pauSadha yA samakitI Adi viratidhara

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(350): ke lie na japanIya hai na smaraNIya hii| vahA~ isa mahAmantra kA pavitra jApa sAmAyika Adi viratidhara ke atirikta sAdhumuni yA gRhastha bAlaka, strI sabhI ke niHzaMka kara sakane ke lie vihita hai| * ina sabhI viziSTatAoM ke kAraNa zrI navakAra mahAmantra sabhI maMtroM kA ziromaNi hai| isakI sAdhanA sarvathA nirApada aura AbAla-vRddha sabhI ko sahajasulabha hai| adhamAdhama puruSa strI yA tiryaJca sabhI isa mahAmaMtra ke zravaNa mAtra se sadgati ko prApta hue haiM va hote haiN| aisA viziSTa zaktisampanna aura adbhuta prabhAvI hote hue bhI isa mantrarAja kA anupama sAralya isakA sarvajanIna mukhya AkarSaNa hai| maMtra kI gaharAI ___ maMtra kevala kisI zabda ke artha taka hI sImita nahIM rahate, varan usase kAphI Age nikala Ate haiN| artha ke Age zabda kI jo zakti hai, vaha bhASA kI sAmAnya paridhi meM prAyaH nahIM aatii| jaba hama kisI zabda kA istemAla sataha para karate haiM taba hama usakA bahuta hI mAmUlI, kAmacalAU upayoga karate haiN| cintana zabda kA gaharA brahma hai, kintu isake Age bhI eka tala hai anubhUti kaa|shbd jaba abhivyakti se haTakara anubhUti hotA hai, tabhI usakA samyaktva prakaTa hotA hai apane pUre tAruNya pr| maMtra kI paribhASA detu hue loga use mAtra zabda yA zabda samUha kahate haiM aura mAnate haiM yaha zabda yA zabdakula isa taraha se anusaMdhAna para hai ki vaha apane lakSya ke alAvAM kahIM aura jA hI nahIM sktaa| jaba hama zabda ko isa taraha sAdha lete haiM ki vaha askhalita mudrA meM sIdhe lakSya para hotA hai, taba use mantra kahA jAtA hai| mantra meM zabda mAtra hI nahIM hotA varan vaha hamArI Atmika gaharAIyoM se svayaM kI gaharAIyoM ko jor3atA hai| isa prakAra zabda kI aura sAdhaka kI gaharAIyoM ke tAdAtmya kA nAma maMtra hai| sirpha maMtra kaha dene mAtra se koI zabda-samUha maMtra nahIM hotA, vaha ghaTita hotA hai taba, jaba sAdhaka kI gaharAIyA~ usase jur3a jAtI hai| vidyutadhArA jaba taka kisI Asana se nahIM jur3atI, apanI zakti ko prakaTa karane meM asamartha banI rahatI hai| kintu jaise hI use koI AdhAra prApta hotA hai arthAt balba, hITara, paMkhA yA anya koI yantra, vaise hI usakI sArthakatA banatI hai aura vaha turanta prakaTa ho jAtI hai| jaise koI svica kAma karatA hai do sthitiyoM yA dhArAoM ko ekaprANa karane meM, ThIka usI prakAra maMtra bhI setu kA kAma karate haiN|

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(351) yantra jisa taraha kisI zakti ke Asana/AdhAra banate haiM, ThIka usI taraha maMtra ko prakaTa hone ke lie bhI koI yantra/AdhAra athavA sambala caahiye| yoga se yantra sulabha hotA hai aura phira usa rAste se mantra prakaTa hotA hai| isI prakAra yaha namaskAra mahAmaMtra mAtra zabda samUha hI nahIM hai, artha se pAra bhI isakA astitva hai| arhat yA namo zabda evaM usakA artha to hai hI, kintu zabda aura artha se Age bhI hai| isakA gAmbhIrya itanA hai ki hama usakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kara skte| zabda kI samyak gaharAIyA~ usakI sAdhanA meM se prakaTa hotI hai| jaba vaha sAdhanA hamArI nija kI gaharAIyoM se jur3a jAtI hai taba koI spaSTa ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai, jise hama kahate hai alaukika, aprtim| kintu vaha hotI hai atyanta sahaja-svAbhAvika hai| mantra jaba asvAbhAvika hotA hai taba laukika kahalAtA hai, kintu apane svabhAva meM vaha alaukika hI hotA hai| namaskAra mahAmaMtra ko camatkAra ke tala se Upara jo khojate haiM. ve mokSa ke sAdhaka hote haiN| sAdhanAkAla meM kaI camatkAra ghaTita hote haiM jinase bindhakara kaccI manobhUmikA para khar3e sAdhaka apanI yAtrA tor3a baiThate haiM, kintu jo yaha mAnate haiM ki camatkAra sAdhanA-yAtrA ke mAmUlI par3Ava haiM, ve apanI yAtrA ko abAdha rakhate haiM aura maMtra ko apanI mUla sAdhanA kA eka sopAna samajhate haiN| ve mantra ke mAdhyama se satata svAtma gaharAIyoM meM utarate jAte haiM aura 'zabda ke bhItara susthita zabda' unheM AhistA-AhistA vahA~ se le jAtA hai, jahA~ AtmA kI ananta zaktiyoM ke prakaTa hone kI bharapUra saMbhAvanAe~ rahatI hai| vastutaH jaba AtmA nirambarA/cidambarA/jJAnAmbarA ho jAtI hai, taba hotI hai maMtra kI carama abhivykti| mantra apanI gaharAIyoM meM svAnubhUti hai aura svAnubhava se bar3A koI mantra nahIM hai| jAneM hama ki mantra zakti hai, yaMtra AdhAra hai aura tantra vistAra hai| mantra bIja hai, yantra phala hai/deha hai, tantra jar3a se antima patte taka kA phailAva hai| vastutaH ye tInoM alaga-alaga astitva nahIM hai, eka haiM, paraspara pUraka hai| mahAmantra namaskAra AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA eka sIr3hI-dara sIr3hI kAryakrama hai| isakA eka eka varNa mantra hai, kula milAkara yaha mahAmantra hai| isakA opa/isakI zakti adbhuta hai, vilakSaNa hai| navakAra maMtra kA mahAmantratva mahAmaMtra vaha hai, jisakI sAdhanA se(1) sAdhaka ke vikalpa zAnta hoN|

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(352) (2) usakI mAnasika, Antarika evaM bAhya zaktiyoM kA jAgaraNa ho| (3) AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra ho| (4) Atmika evaM mAnasika UrjA meM vRddhi ho| (5) sAdhaka kI dRSTi bAhyAbhimukhI se antarmukhI ho| (6) kaSAyoM-AvegoM-saMvegoM kI tIvratA meM kamI ho, kaSAya kSINa ho| (7) vItarAgatA tathA samatAbhAva kA vikAsa ho| (8) mAnava zarIra ke zakti kendroM, caitanya kendroM-cakroM meM prANa-zakti kI saghanatA hotI hai, vahIM se vIrya-zakti prasphuTita hotI hai| mahAmantra vIryavAna maMtra hotA hai, ataH usase vIrya-zakti prasphuTita ho jAtI hai| (9) sAdhaka kI saMkalpazakti dRr3ha hotI hai| (10) bAhya padArthoM ke prati sAdhaka kI mUrchA TUTatI hai| (11) adhyAtma doSoM-rAga dveSa tathA AvaraNa, vikAra aura antarAya kA nAza hotA hai| sAtha hI mAnasika evaM zArIrika roga bhI upazAMta hokara sAdhaka zArIrika aura mAnasika rUpa se bhI svastha rahatA hai| ina kasauTiyoM ke atirikta mahAmaMtra kI sAdhanA ke viziSTa phala athavA sAdhaka ko upalabdhiyA~ bhI hotI hai (1) sAdhaka kI icchAoM kI tRpti nahIM, apitu unakA visarjana va samApana hotA hai| (2) sukha duHkha kI pUrvakAlIna mAnyatAe~ parivartita ho jAtI hai, arthAt sukha duHkha ke bAre meM usakA dRSTikoNa samIcIna banatA hai| (3) sAdhaka kI adhomukhI (saMsArAbhimukhI) vRttiyA~ urdhvamukhI AtmAbhimukhI banatI hai| (4) mokSa mArga kI upalabdhi hotI hai| sAtha hI sAdhaka ke antara meM usa mArga para Age bar3hane kI antaH sphuraNA jAgRta hotI hai| (5) sAdhaka kI Atma zakti (caitanyazakti) Ananda aura vIrya zakti kA samanvita evaM eka sAtha (Simultaneous) vikAsa hotA hai| navakAra maMtra kI sAdhanA dvArA ye saba upalabdhiyA~ sAdhaka ko prApta hotI hai, ataH navakAra maMtra nizcita hI mahAmaMtra hai|

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(353) 2. paMca parameSThI kI sarvadRSTitA __1. maMtrazAstra kI dRSTi se yaha sarva pApa rUpI viSa kA nAzaka hai| 2. yogazAstra kI dRSTi se padastha dhyAna ke lie isameM parama pavitra padoM kA avalambana hai| 3. Agama sAhitya kI dRSTi se yaha sarva zrutAbhyantara hai tathA cUlikA sahita vaha mahAzrutaskaMdha kI upamA ko prApta hai| ____4. karmasAhitya kI dRSTi se eka-eka akSara kI prApti ke lie anaMtAnaMta karmaspardhakoM kA nivAsa apekSita hai evaM eka-eka akSara ke uccAraNa se bhI ananta karmarasANuoM kA vigama hotA hai| 5. aihika dRSTi se isa janma meM prazasta artha, kAma aura Arogya kI prApti tathA usake yoga se cita kI prasannatA prApta hotI hai| 6. paraloka kI dRSTi se mukti tathA jaba taka mukti na mile taba taka uttama devaloka evaM uttama manuSya kula kI prApti karAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa jIva ko thor3e hI kAla meM bodhi, samAdhi aura siddhi milatI hai| 7. dravyAnuyoga kI dRSTi se pahale do pada apanI AtmA kA hI zuddha svarUpa hai aura pazcAt tIna pada zuddha svarUpa kI sAdhaka avasthA ke zuddha pratIka rUpa hai| 8. caraNakaraNAnuyoga kI dRSTi se sAdhu aura zrAvaka kI samAcArI ke pAlana meM maMgala ke lie aura vighnanivAraNa ke lie usakA bArambAra uccAraNa Avazyaka hai| 9. gaNitAnuyoga kI dRSTi se navakAra ke padoM kI nau kI saMkhyA gaNita zAstra kI dRSTi se anya saMkhyAoM kI apekSA akhaNDatA aura abhaMgatA kA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai| isI prakAra nava saMkhyA nitya abhinava bhAvoM kI utpAdaka bhI hotI hai| navakAra kI ATha sampadAe~ anaMta sampadA ko pradAna karAtA hai tathA aNimAdi aSTa siddhiyoM ko bhI siddha kara detA hai| sAtha hI navakAra ke aDasaTha akSara ar3asaTha tIrthaM svarUpa banakara usakA dhyAna karane vAloM kA tAraka banatA hai| anAnupUrvI se hone vAlA zrI navakAra ke padoM kA parAvartana cittasthiratA kA amogha kAraNa banatA hai| ___10. dharmakathAnuyoga kI dRSTi se zrI arhadAdi pA~ca parameSThI ke jIvana caritra adbhuta kathAsvarUpa hai, namaskAra kI ArAdhanA karane vAle jIvoM kI kathAe~ bhI AzcaryakAraka unnati ko darzAne vAlI hai evaM ye sarva kathAe~ sAttvikAdi rasoM kA poSaNa karAne vAlI haiN|

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(354) . 11. caturvidha zrI saMgha kI dRSTi se zrI navakAra maMtra sarva ko eka zrRMkhalA meM bAMdhane vAlA tathA samAna stara para sarva ko pahu~cAne vAlA hai| ___ 12. carAcara vizva kI dRSTi se parameSThI pada ke ArAdhaka sarva jIvoM ko abhaya pradAtA hote haiN| ve sarvadA sakala vizva kI sukha zAnti cAhate haiM aura usake lie usake saba prayatna niHsvArthapUrvaka hote haiN| ___ 13. vyaktigata unnati kI dRSTi se kisI prakAra kI sAdhana sAmagrI ke abhAva meM bhI sAdhaka kevala mAnasika bala se sarvocca unnati ke zikhara para pahu~catA hai| 14. samaSTigata unnati kI dRSTi se, paraspara samAna Adarza ke pUjaka banAkara, satzraddhA, sadjJAna tathA saccAritra ke satpatha para sthira rahane kA uttama bala utpanna karatA hai| 15. aniSTanivAraNa kI dRSTi se paMca parameSThI kA smaraNa azubha karma ke vipAkodaya ko roka detA hai aura zubha karma ke vipAkodaya ko anukUla banAtA hai| isase paMcaparameSThI pada ke prabhAva se sarva aniSTa iSTa rUpa meM badala jAte haiM, jaise ki aTavI mahala ke rUpa meM tathA sarpa phUla kI mAlA samAna bana jAtA hai| ___16. iSTa siddhi kI dRSTi se paMca-parameSThI zArIrika bala, mAnasika buddhi, Arthika vaibhava, rAjakIya sattA, aihika saMpatti tathA anya bhI aneka prakAra ke aizvarya, prabhAva aura unnati dAyaka hai| kyoMki usase citta kI malinatA aura doSa dUra hokara nirmalatA aura ujjvalatA pragaTatI hai| sarvonnati kA bIja citta kI nirmalatA hai aura nirmalatA navakAra maMtra ke prabhAva se sahaja rIti se siddha ho jAtI hai| sarvotkRSTatA namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke pA~coM padoM meM pA~ca parama AtmAe~ saMyukta haiN| koI alpazakti nahIM varan vizva kI eka nahIM, do nahIM balki pA~ca-pA~ca mahAzaktiyA~ isake sAtha jur3I hai| pA~ca mahAzaktiyoM ke kAraNa yaha maMtra paMcaguNA balavattA ko dhAraNa kiye hue hai| ye zaktiyA~ kisI vyakti para AdhArita nahIM hai, guNavattA para AdhArita hone se, vizva kI virAT Atma-zaktiyA~ isameM samAhita hone se, yaha anantazakti kA dyotaka hai| isameM kevala AtmA aura kevala paramAtmA isake sAtha jur3A huA hai| arhat aura siddha paramAtmA hai| Atma jAgaraNa meM tatpara, AcAra kI gaMgA meM avagAhana karane vAle AcArya isake sAtha jur3e haiM, to samagra zrutarAzi meM nimajjana karake jJAna ke Aloka ko vikIrNa karane vAle upAdhyAya bhI isake sAtha saMlagna hai| isake sAtha jur3e haiM ve sAdhu yA sAdhaka jo paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra

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(355) karane ke lie samasta karmAvaraNoM kA kSaya karane ke lie satata upakrama karate hue jajha rahe haiN| isa prakAra isa virAT vizva kI sArI pavitra,zaktisampanna AtmAe~ jo kisI sampradAya, dharma vizeSa, jAti-pAMti kI nahIM, balki sabakI hai, ve sarva isake sAtha jur3I hai| __isa mahAmaMtra meM zaraNa-smaraNa va samarpaNa hai| isakI pratidhvani meM koI yAcanA nahIM, koI mA~ga nahIM, koI kAmanA nhiiN| isake sAtha jur3A hai-AtmA kA jAgaraNa, caitanya zuddha svarUpa kA udghATana / Atma-jAgRti ke avasara para sarva upalabdha ho jAnA sahaja hai| paramAtma svarUpa kI prApti arthAt pUrNatA kI upalabdhi hai| tridoSazAmaka-triguNavardhaka-tripadamaMtra : paMcaparameSThI parameSThI maMtra kA prathama pada hai-namo arihaMtANaM 'namo' yaha maMgalavAcaka hai, 'arihaM' yaha uttama vAcaka hai aura 'tANaM' zaraNa vAcaka hai| isa prakAra maMgala yaha jJAna hai, uttama darzana hai aura zaraNa yaha cAritra hai| jJAna ke dvArA amaMgala rUpa rAga kA nAza hotA hai| darzana ke dvArA adhama rUpa dveSa kA nAza hotA hai| cAritra dvArA duSTa aise moha kA nAza hotA hai| rAga svapakSapAtarUpa hone se duSkRtagardA kA virodhI hai| dveSa paradveSa hone se sukRta-anumodanA kA pratipakSI hai| moha-yaha mithyAjJAnarUpa aura mithyAdarzana rUpa hone se samyag zaraNagamana kA virodhI hai| yaha tripadamaMtra hai| duSkRtagardA kA mUla mana hai, sukRta sevana kA mUla mana aura vacana hai aura zaraNagamana kA mUla mana-vacana-kAyA hai mana ke dvArA duSkRtagardA, mana-vacana ke ke dvArA sukRtaprazaMsA aura mana-vacana-kAyA ke dvArA zaraNagamana arthAt cAritrapAlana hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha triguNavardhaka hai| vAta, pitta aura kapha ke vikAroM kA bhI zamana isase hotA hai| rAgadoSa vAtavardhaka hai, dveSadoSa pittavardhaka hai aura mohadoSa kaphavardhaka hai| duSkRtagarhA dvArA vAtadoSa zamana hotAhai, sukRtAnumodanA dvArA pittadoSa kA zamana hotA hai aura zaraNagamanAdi dvArA kapha doSa kA zamana hotA hai| isa prakAra prathama pada mana, vacana aura zarIra ke tridoSa ke zAmaka hai tathA triguNavardhaka hai| mokSa aura vinaya kA bIja ___ 'namo' pada mokSa kA bIja hai, kyoMki 'namo' pada ke dvArA mukti, muktimArga, aura muktimArga sAdhaka mahApuruSoM ko praNAma hotA hai|

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(356) yaha vinaya kA bhI bIja hai, kyoMki namo pada ke dvArA mati, zruta, avadhi, manaH paryava aura kevalajJAna paryanta jJAna ke dhAraka maharSiyoM ko praNAma hotA hai| isake atirikta vaha zAnti, tuSTi, puSTi aura zuddhi kA bIja hai, kyoMki, jinake kaSAya zAnta hue hai, jinameM viSaya kI vAsanA nahIM rahI, jinake rAgAdi doSa kSINa ho gaye haiM aura jinhoMne ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa ke dvArA-bhAva karmoM ko nirmUla kara diyA hai unakA bahumAna hotA hai| unake prati Antarika prIti utpanna hotI hai aura unake sAtha bhAva saMbaMdha jur3atA hai| ___ isa prakAra mukti kA bIja hone se yaha zAntikAraka hai, vinaya kA bIja hone se tuSTikAraka hai, tapa-saMyamAdi aura mUlaguNa evaM uttaraguNoM ke bahumAnarUpa hone se puSTi aura zuddhikAraka hai| ... ___ yaha saMsAra sAgara se tirane ko setu hai, kyoMki saMsAra sAgara meM DUbate hue jIvoM ko isase mokSasAgara meM pravAhita hone kA mArga milatA hai| jo isa mArga para calatA hai, use saMkalpa-vikalpa ke jAla meM se chUTakara nirvikalpa cinmAtra samAdhi meM nemagna rahane kA bala milatA hai| kyoMki parama pada meM sthita parameSThI bhagavantoM ko jo namaskAra kiyA jAtA hai, ye parameSThI bhagavanta kalyANa ke sAgara tathA sukha ke sAgara meM nimagna hote haiM evaM anya jIvoM ko bhI nija samAna banAne ke lie saMkalpa saMyukta hote haiN| isa prakAra parameSThI pada evaM unako kiyA gayA namaskAra mokSa evaM vinaya kA ja hotA hai| na-kriyA ubhaya svarUpa parameSThI pada jJAna evaM kriyA ubhaya svarUpa hai| paMca padoM kA jJAna honA, usakI nakArI honA hI paMca padoM kA jJAnasvarUpa hai tathA tadrUpa AcaraNa karanA yaahai| isake atirikta kramazaH ina padoM kI ArAdhanA-sAdhanA bhI kriyA hai| ArAdhanA evaM sAdhanA se pUrva ina padoM kI jAnakArI honA bhI atyAvazyaka / tabhI isakI sAdhanA kriyAnvita ho sakatI hai| jJAna zUnya kriyA nirarthaka hai| ta: yahA~ jJAna evaM kriyA ubhayasvarUpa haiN| jaina mAtra ko navakAra maMtra kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| anya sUtroM kA jJAna ho yA na kintu paMca parameSThI kA jJAna to ati Avazyaka hai| anya sUtra kA to anya se kara bhI kAma calA sakate haiM, kintu parameSThI pada ko namaskAra svarUpa navakAra

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(357) maMtra kA jApa, dhyAna, smaraNa svayaM sApekSa hai| isakI sAkSaratA svayaM ke jJAna meM nihita hai| kahA jAtA hai jo navakAra ko jAne vaha jaina aura use gine vaha bhI jain| isa prakAra jJAna svarUpa hone ke sAtha-sAtha kriyAtmaka svarUpa hone ke kAraNa kriyA svarUpa bhI hai| navakAra se sarva pApoM kA nAza hotA hai| jisake phalasvarUpa sarva maMgaloM meM zreSTha maMgala kA lAbha hotA hai| vastutaH aSTa karmoM kA mUla srota pApa haiM, ye hI sarva duHkhoM kA mUla bhI hai| ananta catuSTaya (jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa) ye maMgalamaya hai| yahI avyAbAdha sukha kA kAraNa bhI haiN| sarva prayojanoM ke prayojana, duHkhoM kA Atyantika kSaya aura avyAbAdha sukha kI prApti isase hotI hai| duHkhoM kA kSaya, karmakSaya se hotA hai| karmakSaya cittasamAdhi se hotA hai| aura cittasamAdhi kA kAraNa bodhilAbha (jJAna) hai| isa prakAra parameSThI padoM kA jJAna tathA smaraNa, manana, dhyAna, jApa Adi anuSThAna kriyAtmaka hone se ye jJAna evaM kriyA ubhaya svarUpa hai| karmayoga, bhaktiyoga aura jJAnayoga kA triveNI saMgama ina parameSThI padoM meM karmayoga, bhaktiyoga aura jJAnayoga kA triveNI saMgama bhI huA hai| vaha kisa prakAra? isakI ArAdhanA se jIvarAzi para snehapariNAma kA vikAsa hotA hai aura dravya guNa paryAya se zuddha AtmasvarUpa kA bodha hotA hai| parameSThI pada kI ArAdhanA yaha karmayoga hai, usase hone vAle snehapariNAma kA vikAsa bhaktiyoga hai, aura usase bhI hone vAlA Atma svarUpa kA bodha, yaha jJAnayoga hai| isa prakAra jJAna, bhakti, aura karma ina tInoM kA sumela hone se yaha ArAdhanA jIva ko mokSamArga rUpa banakara sakala karmoM kA kSaya karane meM sahAyaka hotiihai| ___ karmayoga se tamoguNarUpI maila dhula jAtA hai, bhaktiyoga se rajoguNa kA vikSepa hotA hai aura jJAna yoga se avizuddha sattvaguNajanita AvaraNa dUra hotA hai| karmayoga satatAbhyAsa rUpa hai| bhaktiyoga viSayAbhyAsa rUpa hai| jJAnayoga bhAvAbhyAsa rUpa hai|

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(358) mana yaha AtmA kA kAraNa hai| isase pratyeka kriyA meM AtmA kA dAsatva abhivyakta hotA hai| pratyeka kriyA mana-vacana aura kAyA ke yoga se niSpanna hotI - manako AtmA meM jor3anA yaha bhaktiyoga hai aura AtmA kA mana se jur3anA yaha jJAnayoga hai| eka meM vacanAnuSThAna hai to dUsare meM asaMgAnuSThAna hai| yahA~ paraspara kAryakAraNa bhAva kA saMbaMdha hai| isa prakAra karmayoga, bhaktiyoga aura jJAnayoga ke lakSaNa rUpa ye paMcaparameSThI pada hai| saMsAranAzaka : paMca parameSThI caturgati sthita caurAsI lAkha jIva yoniyoM meM jIvoM ke duHkhoM kA nAzaka paMca parameSThI pada haiN| duHkha rUpI saMsAra kA nAza ina padoM meM sthita hone ke pazcAt hotA hai| kyoMki sukha kA mUla dharma hai aura dharma kA mUla karuNA hai| karuNA kA udbhava para duHkhachedana kI vRtti meM se hotA hai| anyoM ko duHkhI karane kI vRtti meM se jIva jaba taka nahIM chUTegA, taba taka usake svayaM kA duHkha dUra nahIM hogaa| jaba taka duHkha dUra nahIM hogA taba taka saMsAra kA nAza bhI nahIM hogaa| sarva jIvoM ke duHkha dUra karane kA vicAra hI pApa karmoM kA nAza karatA hai| sabake pApa karmoM kA nAza ho isa vicAra mAtra se sahajamala kA nAza hotA hai| yaha sahajamala hI pApa kA mUla hai| duHkharUpa, duHkhaphalaka aura duHkha paramparaka ina tInoM avasthA meM duHkhasvarUpa saMsAra kA nAza karane kI zakti ina parameSThI padoM meM hai| __sarva jIvoM ke prati samAna prema hone ke kAraNa hI parameSThI paramapada meM sthita hote haiN| vyaSTibhAva kA tyAga samaSTibhAva se hotA hai aura yaha samaSTibhAva hI jIva ko parameSThI pada meM sthApita kara detA hai| isa prakAra parameSThI pada kI ArAdhanA saMsAra kA nAza karake parameSThI pada meM sthApita kara detA hai| tattvarUci, tattvabodha, tattvapariNatirUpa: paMca parameSThI 'arhat' pada se jIvatattva kA jJAna karAne vAle sarvajJatva kA smaraNa hotA hai, jisase vaha tattvabodha utpanna karane meM pitA kA kArya karatA hai| __'namo' rUpI mAtA aura 'arahaM' rUpI pitA ke saMbaMdha se 'tANaM' pada dvArA saMyamarUpI putra kA janma hotA hai|

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(359) tattvaruci rUpI mAtA aura tattvabodha rUpI pitA dvArA tattvapariNati rUpI putra ko janma dekara usakA pAlana poSaNa karatA hai aura dharmarUpI arthopArjana hetu taiyAra karate haiN| usameM vaha parISaha-upasarga rUpI kaSToM ko AnandapUrvaka sahana karake bahuta dhana kamAtA hai aura anaMtakAla ke lie kabhI bhI jo na khUTe aise mokSarUpI akSaya, avyAbAdha sukha ko prApta karatA hai, tathA jagat ke sarva jIvoM ko sadA ke lie abhayadAna pradAna karatA hai| usa dAna ke dvArA jagat ke jIvoM kA dAridra khatma karane kA kArya sadaiva karatA rahatA hai aura apane samAna vaha saccidAnandasvarUpI banAtA hai| isa prakAra ye paMca parameSThI tattvarUci ke mAdhyama se tattvabodha prApta karavA kara tattvapariNati meM agrasara karake mokSa sopAna kara ArUr3ha karatA hai| prApta, vyAsa aura samApta : paMca parameSThI paMca parameSThI yaha jinAjJA kA mUrtimaMta svarUpa hai| prathama do pada AjJArAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa hai aura antima tIna parameSThI svayaM AjJArAdhanasvarUpa hai| ina pA~coM ko namaskAra karane se cittazuddhi hotI hai aura zuddha citta meM AjJA kA vizvavyApitva pratibiMbita hotA hai| sacarAcara vizva kI sthiti yaha AjJArAdhana aura AjJA virAdhanA kA hI pratibimba dikhAtA hai| yaha AjJA Apta puruSoM ke vacana-zravaNa se prApta hotI hai| phalasvarUpa bhedabhAva kA nAza aura abhedabhAva kI utpatti svarUpa. samatA kA pragaTIkaraNa hotA hai| bhedabhAva meM se hiMsA, krodhAdi Asrava evaM abhedabhAva meM se ahiMsA, kSamAdi saMvara bhAva utpanna hote haiN| Asrava evaM abhedabhAva meM se ahiMsA, kSamAdi saMvara bhAva utpanna hote haiN| Asrava sarvathA heya hai aura saMvara upAdeya hai| isa prakAra AjJA kA bIja sAmyabhAva jIvana meM vyApta hotA hai| yaha sAmyabhAva hI sakala 'arahaMto' kA pratiSThAna, mokSa lakSmI kA nivAsasthAna aura svarga-mRtyu-pAtAlarUpa triloka kA svAmitva dilAne meM sAra tattva hai| yaha vizvavatsala hai| isa prakAra araMhata kI AjJA, bhakti, sAmyabhAva ko vikasita karatA hai| yaha sAmyabhAva sAdhu meM jIva mAtra ke sahAyaka rUpa meM, upAdhyAya meM sUtrapradAna rUpa meM, AcArya meM AcAra pAlanarUpa meM, artha pradAnarUpa meM, siddhoM meM pUrNatA rUpa meM tathA arhatoM meM ina saba ke mUla meM pragaTarUpa se vyApta dRSTigata hotA hai| isa prakAra jIvana meM vyApta hokara siddhi pada meM samApta hotA hai|

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(360) AjJA-zravaNa dvArA prApta, manana-AcaraNa dvArA jIvana meM vyApta tathA nididhyAsana karmakSaya dvArA samApta hotA hai| navakAra maMtra kI vaijJAnikatA 'namo arihantANaM' meM sapheda raMga hai| prANika kriyA meM eka zvAsa meM 21% pratizata oNksIjana hotA hai| yadi oNksIjana kI gati ko saMyama se bar3hA diyA jAye to dhIre-dhIre apAna para niyantraNa ho jaaegaa| apAna jyAdA nahIM hotA, lekina thor3A bhI bahuta tAkata rakhatA hai| 4 pratizata kArbana DAyaoNksAiDa hotA hai aura 84 pratizata nAiTrojana hotA hai aura kucha mazInarI meM paidA karane kI tAkata hotI hai| navakAra maMtra meM paMca prANa kI kriyA-paMca bIjAkSara diye haiM-hrIM Adi aura isake sAtha meM zarIra ke hissoM kA saMbaMdha jor3A hai| arhat zabda pahale rakhA hai, isase jJAta hotA hai ki sapheda-zveta AbhA ko hama jyAdA bala denA cAhate haiM, AtmAnuzAsana ke lie vaha isalie ki isase 'lAipha phorsa' (jIvanazakti) ko niyantrita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ___ 'namo loe savva sAhUNaM' meM sAhU zabda meM jo hU zabda rakhA gayA hai, vahA~ muni ko jor3A gayA hai| isa prakAra hU~' hai mUlAdhAra kaa| ha' jo hai vaha AjJAcakra kaa| mUlAdhAra aura AjJAcakra eka dUsare se baMdhe hue haiN| anta meM hameM mUlAdhAra ko jagAnA aura phira AjJAcakra ko jagAnA hai| AjJAcakra ko jagAegeM to mUlAdhAra svataH hI jaagegaa| mUlAdhAra ko jagAyeMge to AjJAcakra khlegaa| ye eka dUsare se baMdhe hue hai| 'sAhU' zabdoccAraNa se mUlAdhAra se lekara AjJAcakra taka eka (vAyabrezana) kampana paidA hogA, isIlie sarasvatI-mantra meM om-om , hum-hUm hrIM hrIM rakhA gayA hai| musalamAna 'allAhU' kahakara pUrA kara lete haiN| bhagavAn buddha U~ namaH maNipadame hU~. pUrA kara lete haiN| sabhI ne alaga alaga DhaMga se ise rakhA hai| jihovA meM 'ho' para jora diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra isakI vaijJAnikatA sAbita hotI hai| upasaMhAra __jaina sammata ye paMca parameSThI pada jIvana utthAna ke liye Adarza svarUpa haiN| jo ki mAtra pUjanIya, AdaraNIya hI nahIM varan AcaraNIya haiM / vastutaH vizva ke lie vahI Adarza prANImAtra ke lie upAdeya ho, vyakti niSThA na hokara samiSTa ko apane meM samAye ho, vahI vizva ko prabhAvita kara sakatA hai| ye paMca parameSThI pada 1. uddhRta-tIrthakara aMka 7-8 varSa 10 pR. 100-101

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(361) kisI sampradAya vizeSa kA Adarza nahIM hai| isameM samAviSTa AtmAe~ ahiMsA kI vizuddha mUrti hai| ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana prANImAtra dvArA kiyA jAne para isa Adarza se sabako sukhI banAyA jA sakatA hai| kahA gayA hai ki-"ahiMsA-pratiSThAyAM tatsannidhau vairatyAgaH "arthAt ahiMsA kI pratiSThA hone jAne para vyakti ke samakSa krUra aura duSTa jIva bhI vaira-bhAva kA tyAga kara dete haiN| spaSTa hai ahiMsAdharma kI pUrNarUpa se pratiSThA hone para usake smaraNa, AcaraNa se sabhI kA kalyANa hotA hai| ahiMsaka kI AtmA meM itanI zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai ki phala-svarUpa nikaTavartI vAtAvaraNa meM pUrNa zAnti vyApta ho jAtI hai| usake sannidhAna meM duSkAla, mahAmArI, Akasmika vipatiyA~ evaM anya kisI bhI prakAra kA duHkha vyApta nahIM ho pAtA, phalataH sarvatra sukhaHzAnti taraMgita ho uThatI hai|" __ pUrNa ahiMsaka vyakti kA pratyakSa prabhAva to hotA hI hai, kintu unake nAmaguNoM ke smaraNa meM bhI vahI prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| paMcaparameSThI padoM meM pratipAdita vibhUtiyA~ vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA se otaprota haiN| parama vizuddha avasthA ko prApta ye AtmAe~ sAMsArika prANiyoM ke kalyANa ke lie satyamArga kA prarUpaNa karatI haiN| jisakA svayaM AcaraNa karake vizuddha hote haiM, usI kA pravartana karate haiM, jisakA anusaraNa karake vizva kA pratyeka prANI apanA abhISTa siddha kara sakatA hai| jaina saMskRti ke dyotaka ye paMca pada jaina saMskRti ke upAsya deva evaM guru haiN| jo ki jIvana ke satyoM kA sahasyodghATana karate haiN| anAdi kAla se jIva se vyApaka satyoM kA saMbaMdha calA A rahA hai| saMskRti sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika jIvana kI Antarika mUla pravRttiyoM kA samanvaya hai| saMskRti kA vyakta rUpa sabhyatA hai, jisameM AcAravicAra, vizvAsa, paramparAe~, zilpa-kauzala Adi sammilita haiN| jaina saMskRti meM ye sabhI tattva antarbhUta haiN| vastutaH jaina saMskRti Atmazodhana ke unhIM tattvoM para bala detI hai, jinase ratnatraya guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| usI ke anukUla bAhya jIvana kA nirmANa nirbhara hotA hai| anAtmika bhAvoM kA tyAga evaM Atmika bhAvoM kA grahaNa karanA hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina saMskRti meM ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa, parigraha tyAga Adi ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| jaina saMskRti ke aneka tattva haiM, kintu paMca parameSThI aise pada haiM, jinake svarUpa kA parijJAna ho jAne para isa saMskRti ko sahajatAM se jAnA jA sakatA hai| ye parama vizuddha AtmAe~ jaina saMskRti kI sAkSAt pratimAe~ haiN| kyoMki ye nirgrantha

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(362) rahakara satyamArga kA anveSaNa karate haiN| ataH unakA parijJAna Adarza jIvana kI prApti karAtA hai| jaina saMskRti kA mukhya uddezya nirmala Atmatattva ko prApta kara zAzvata sukhanirvANa prApta karanA hai| ina zuddhAtmAoM kA Adarza sAmane rahane se tathA inakA smaraNa, cintana, manana karane tathA inakI zaraNagrahaNa karane se, inake prati samarpita hone se zuddhatva kI prApti hotI hai| spaSTa hai ki paMcaparameSThI kA svarUpa zuddhAtmAmaya hai athavA ye zuddhAtmA kI upalabdhi ke lie prayatnazIla AtmAe~ haiN| inakI samasta kriyAe~ AtmasApekSa hotI hai| AtmAnanda meM nimagna rahanA yahI inakA prayojana hai| vastutaH vizva meM prANimAtra kA abhISTa sukha aura Ananda hai aura sabhI kA kAryakSetra usI kI prApti ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI nirdhArita hotA hai| jisakA dRSTikoNa jaisA hotA hai, tadanurUpa usakA AcAra, vicAra, vyavahAra hotA hai| vaizvika kalyANa kI icchuka ye ahiMsaka paMca parameSThI AtmAe~ prANiyoM meM aisI dRSTi kA saMcaraNa karate haiM ki saccA sukha aura Ananda kisameM haiM? paravastuoM se prApta sukha aura Ananda kSaNika va sukhAbhAsa hai, saccA sukha nhiiN| ye vizuddhaAtmAe~ jJAna karAtI haiM ki jina para-padArthoM meM Atmabuddhi hone se azAnti kA anubhava karanA par3a rahA hai, una para se mohabuddhi dUra hone para, Atmika pravRtti hone ke kAraNa usakA sadAcaraNa hone lagatA hai| svArtha paramArtha meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| tattvajJAna kI ora usakA ajJAna nAza hone se, phalataH AtmavikAsa kA mArga prazasta ho jAtA hai aura vyakti Atmika sukha aura caina kI vaMzI bajAne lagatA hai| vizva kalyANa kA pravartana vahI kara sakatA hai jo Atmarasika ho| jisameM svayaM meM doSa, galatI, burAI evaM durguNa hoMge, vaha anya ke doSoM kA parimArjana kabhI nahIM kara sakatA hai| sudhAraka vahI hogA, jisane svayaM ko pUrNarUpeNa sudhAra liyA hogaa| jisakA svayaM kA AcaraNa ThIka nahIM, unakA Adarza samAja ke lie bhalA kaise kalyANaprada ho sakatA hai? vyakti, rASTra, deza, samAja, parivAra aura svayaM kI unnati svArtha, moha aura ahaMkAra ke rahate hue kabhI nahIM ho sakatI hai| jo AtmA rAga-dveSa kI granthiyoM se pare hai athavA ina granthiyoM ko dUra karane meM abhyasta haiM, unakA Adarza vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke lie upAdeya haiN| paMca parameSThI padoM ke Adarza ko apanAne se sabhI apanA hita sAdhana kara sakate haiN|

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(363) paMca parameSThI AtmAoM kA ekamAtra uddezya mAnava kA kalyANa karanA hai, isaliye ye AtmAe~ prANimAtra kI upakArI hai| janahitakArI inakI kriyAe~ bAdhaka na hokara hita sAdhaka hai| ye paMca parameSThI koI daivI zakti nahIM, varan zuddha pravRtti karane vAle mAnava hI haiM, jinake samasta kriyA vyApAra mAnava samAja ke lie kisI bhI prakAra pIr3AdAyaka evaM bhArasvarUpa nahIM hote| ye vikAra rahitasAMsArika prapaMca se dUra rahane vAle mahAmAnava haiN| ina mahAtmAoM ne apane puruSArtha dvArA kAma, krodha rAga, dveSa mohAdi vikAroM ko jIta liyA hai| jisase inameM svAbhAvika guNa prakaTa ho gaye haiN| ye parameSThI isI prakAra kI zuddhAtmAe~ haiM, jinameM ratnatraya yukta Atmika guNoM kA prAkaTya huA hai| yadi vizva meM inake Adarza kA pracAra hI nahIM, varan svIkAra ho jAye to Aja jo bhautika saMgharSa, parigraha-pipAsA Adi haiM, ve zAnta ho jaaye| ANavika astra-zastroM kA nirmANa to dUra, isa dharA para unakA nAmoM nizAna miTa jaaye| maitrIbhAvanA kA pracAra hokara ahaMkAra, mamakAra (mamatA) Adi bhI kosoM dUra cale jaay| spaSTa hai ki vizva ke prANiyoM ke lie ye paMca parameSThI mahAtmA zAntidAyaka-sukhadAyaka hai| jo ki kisI sampradAya aura dharma se bhI pare haiN| manovaijJAnika upayogitA : vyaktitva zuddhi jaina paramparA ke pAsa namaskAra maMtra svarUpa nihita ye paMca pada haiM, jo ki vyaktitvarUpAntaraNa meM anUThA va bejor3a sAdhana hai| Azcaryajanaka aura adbhuta ghoSaNA hai isa maMtra meM ki "eso paMca namukkAro, savva paavppnnaasnno|" saba pApoM kA nAza karade, aisA mahAmaMtra hai namokAra / bhalA namaskAra mAtra se kaise pApa naSTa ho jAyeMge? vastutaH namaskAra se sIdhA pApa naSTa nahIM hotaa| namaskAra se AsapAsa eka vidyut vartula rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa pApa karanA asaMbhava ho jAtA hai| pApa karane ke lie vyakti ke AsapAsa eka vizeSa prakAra kA AbhAmaNDala caahie| jisake abhAva meM pApa kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| vaha AbhAmaNDala hI rUpAntarita ho jAye, to asaMbhava ho jAegA pApa krnaa| yaha namaskAra kaise usa AbhAmaNDala ko badalatA hogA? namaskAra arthAt namana kA bhaav| namana kA artha hai smrpnn| yahA~ 'namo arihaMtANaM, arhanto ko namaskAra karatA hU~' yaha zAbdika nahIM hai| ye zabda nahIM haiM-yaha bhAva hai| agara prANoM meM yaha bhAva saghana ho jAya ki arhantoM ko namaskAra karatA hU~, to usakA artha ho jAtA hai-jo sarvajJa haiM, sarvadarzI haiM, unake caraNoM meM namaskAra karatA hU~, apane Apako samarpita karatA huuN| usa samaya tatkAla usakA ahaMkAra vigalita ho jAtA

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(364) hai| isa jagat meM jina-jina logoM ne apane ko samarpita kiyA hai| zaraNa meM gaye haiN| usa mahAdhArA meM unakI zakti bhI sammilita ho jAtI hai| cAroM tarapha AkAza meM taraMge saMgrahita ho jAtI hai, jo ki dRSTigata nahIM hotii| cAroM ora eka divya dhArA kA loka nirmita ho jAtA hai| aura isa loka ke sAtha vyaktitva dUsare hI prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| isa mahAmaMtra meM vyakti ke AsapAsa ke AbhAmaNDala ko badalane kA kImiyA hai| yadi koI vyakti dina-rAta isakA smaraNa karatA rahe, to vaha vyakti na rahakara, anya hI vyakti ho jaayegaa| rAga-dveSa Adi malina vRttiyoM para vijaya prApta karane hetu ye ahiMsA ke sAtha tapa aura saMyama se jIvana yApana karate haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa inake AcAra aura vicAroM meM zuddhikaraNa hotA rahatA hai| AcAra-vizuddhi ke lie Atmaupamya kI bhAvanA se ota-prota antaHkaraNa se ve pArthiva, jalIya, Agneya, vAyavIya Adi sUkSmAtisUkSma prANiyoM kI tathA beindriya se lekara paMcendriya taka trasajIvoM kI rakSA karate haiM / vicAroM meM sAmyadRSTi hone se 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI vRtti pakSapAta, rAga, dveSa, saMkIrNatA se pare rakhatI hai| isa prakAra ye paMca parameSThI pada jaina saMskRti kI ataraMga bhAvazuddhi-samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke paricAyaka hai| ___ ratnatraya rUpa yaha saMskRti ina mahAtmAoM ke Adarzamaya jIvana se suzobhita hai| pariNAmasvarUpa inake AcaraNa ke anukaraNa va sadupadeza se vyakti apanI AtmA ko susaMskRta banAtI hai| isase samaSTigata susaMskAratA kA vapana hotA hai| ataH jaina saMskRti kA vAstavika Adarza ina mahAn AtmAoM dvArA hI prApta hotA hai| jaina dharma meM vizvakalyANa, vargakalyANa aura vaiyaktika kalyANa kI bhAvanAoM ko lekara tadanukUla pravRtti karane ke kAraNa hI sAdhakoM kI ye vibhinna kakSAe~ nirdhArita kI gaI hai| jisameM vizvakalyANa ke liye dharma saMgha kA pravartana karane ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara ko sarvocca sthAna milaa| sampUrNa karma kSaya karake siddhAvasthA ko prApta, parama zuddhasvarUpa siddha ko dUsarA sthAna milaa| yadyapi ye donoM pUrva bhUmikA meM sAdhaka hI the, parantu paramAtma pada kA varaNa kara lene se ye sAdhya svarUpa hue| saMgha kA netRttva karane se, niyAmaka svarUpa hue aacaary| saMghIya vyavasthA ke kuzala saMcAlaka AcArya haiN| upAdhyAya munivaroM para anuzAsana zikSaNa dvArA karate

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(365) haiM, to sAdhu sAdhanA mArga para ArUr3ha ho kara karma kSaya karane meM jJAna-dhyAna, tapa svAdhyAya karate haiN| lokahita se pUrNa dRSTi jaina sAdhanA meM saMgha (samAja) kA sthAna bhI kama nhiiN| AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu ko saMghIya niyamoM ke antargata rahanA hI hotA hai| saMgha kA sthAna sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| saMghahita vaiyaktika sAdhanAoM se bhI Upara hai| saMgha ke kalyANa ke lie vaiyaktika sAdhanA kA parityAga karanA bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| AcArya kAlaka isake udAharaNa hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM ullikhita dasa dharmoM (kartavyoM) meM saMghadharma, rASTradharma, nagaradharma, grAmadharma, aura kula dharma kA ullekha yahI dyotita karatA hai ki jaina dRSTi na kevala Atmahita yA vaiyaktika vikAsa taka sImita hai, varan isameM lokahita yA lokakalyANa kI anavarata dhArA pravAhita huI hai| lokahita kA sthAna avazya pUrNarUpeNa hai, kintu isake sAtha bhI eka zarta yaha hai ki isameM paramArtha hetu svArtha kA tyAga kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu AtmArtha kA nhiiN| Atmahita vastutaH svArtha nahIM hai, apitu vaha niSkAma hotA hai| vahA~ icchA, kAmanA, tRSNA samApta ho jAtI hai| svArtha aura Atmahita meM antara hai, vaha yaha hai ki svArthIvRtti meM rAga-dveSa pUrNa dRSTi hotI hai| jabaki Atmahita rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM kI kSINatA para avalambita hai| AtmakalyANa anAsakta kI bhUmi para prasphuTita hotA hai| sAdhaka AtmA kA lakSya bhI anAsakta jIvana, prAthamika kakSA para hotA hai| zanaiHzanai anAsakta bhAva se karmakSaya karatA huA AtmIya guNoM ko AtmasAta karatA jAtA hai| ye paMca pada bhI Atmika guNoM ke prAkaTya kI sthiti hai| prAthamika stara para sAdhu, pAzcAt upAdhyAya evaM AcArya pada ko vahana karatA hai| sAdhana, sAdhaka, sAdhya svarUpa ye paMca parameSThI paramAtma svarUpa hone se smaraNa, kIrtana, dhyAna karane yogya hone se sAdhaka svarUpa haiN| inake antargata AcArya, upAdhyAya tathA sAdhu ye tIna pada sAdhaka paramAtmA hai to arihaMta evaM siddha donoM pada paramAtmA svarUpa hone se sAdhya svarUpa bhI haiN| ataH satata smaraNIya, AcaraNIya haiN| 1. nizIthacUrNi gA. 2830 2. sthAnAMgasUtra 10.760

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(366) pariziSTa-1 paMca parameSThI-sAdhana-vidhi koSTaka paMca parameSThI kI sAdhanA kisa prakAra kI jAye? yahA~ pUrvAcAryoM dvArA koSTaka ke dvArA isakI sAdhanAvidhi kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ina paMca padoM kI sAdhanA vidhi kA ullekha alaga-alaga rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| isameM unake tIrthaMkara, varNa, dizA, aMganyAsa, tattva, AkAra, sAdhya-hIM, aMzaka, svara, varga, graha, tithi, mAsa, rAzi, vAra nakSatra, rasa, maMtra, phala Adi ke mAdhyama se pAcoM hI parameSThI viSayaka nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| __tAtparya yaha hai ki eka pada kI sAdhanA isa rUpa meM, ina sabhI yogoM ke sAtha kI jAye to tadanusAra phala avazyameva prApta hotA hai| yahA~ maMtravidhi kA varNana isa rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai 1. arhat / 1. tIrthaMkara-caturviMzati jinezvaroM meM arhat parameSThi ke antargata candraprabhu evaM suvidhi jina ko vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| 2.varNa-zvetavarNa 3.dizA-brahmasthAna 4.aMganyAsa-meM mastaka 5. tattvanirdeza-pRthvImaNDala 6. AkAra, sAdhya-hrIM-vartula 7.aMzaka-puruSa 8.svara-a, A 9. varga-ka, ca, Ta, ta, pa, ya, za 10. graha-candra, zukra 11. tithi-nandA (1, 6, 11) 12. mAsa-kArtika, caitra 13. rAzi-vRSa, kanyA, kuMbha 14. vAra-soma, maMgala 15. nakSatra-kRttikA, rohiNI, uttarAphAlgunI, hasta, ghaniSTha, zatabhiSA, puurvaabhaadrpd| 16. rasa-amla 17. mantra-U~ hA~ arhadbhyo nmH| 1. paMca parameSThIsAdhana-vidhi-phala koSTaka uddhRta-namaskAra svAdhyAya 1 (prAkRta) pR. 239

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(367) 16. phala-muktatva, khecaratva (vimocana, zAMti) 2. siddha 1. jinasvarUpa-padmaprabha, vAsupUjya 2. varNanirdeza-rakta (lAla) 3. dizA nirdeza-pUrva 4. aMganyAsa-mukha 5. tattvanirdeza-AkAza tattva 6. AkAra-sAdhya hrI-trikoNa 7. aMzaka-strI 8. svara-i, I, e, ai, (i, I, u, U) 9. varga-kha, cha, Tha, tha, pha, ra, Sa, 10. graha-sUrya, maMgala 11. tithi-bhadrA (2, 7, 12) 12. mAsa-vaisAkha, mAgazara 13. rAzi-meSa, mIna, makara 14. vAra-budha 15. nakSatra- azvinI, bharaNI, uttarASAr3hA, zravaNa, uttarAbhAdrapada, revatI 16. rasa-madhura 17. mantra-U~ hrI~ siddhebhyo namaH 18. phala-trailokya-vazIkaraNa, tribhuvanamohakatva, vazIkaraNa, mohana 3. AcArya 1. jinasvarUpa-RSabha, ajita, saMbhava, abhinandana, sumati, supArzva, zItala, zreyAMsa, vimala, ananta, dharma, zAnti, kuMthu, ara, nami, viir| 2. varNanirdeza-kanaka (pIta) 3. dizAnirdeza-dakSiNa 4. aMganyAsa-kaMTha 5. tattvanirdeza-tejo maMDala 6. AkAra, sAdhya-hI-lor3hakalA ATha aMzavAlA prAkRta hakAra 7. aMzaka-napuMsaka 8. svara-u, U (R, R, lu, lu) 9. varga-ga, ja, Da, da, ba, la, sa 10. graha-guru, budha

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(368) 11. tithi-jayA (3, 8, 13) 12. mAsa-poSa, jyeSTha, bhAdrapada, Azvina 13. rAzi-siMha, vRzcika 14. vAra-guru 15. nakSatra-maghA, pUrvAphAlgunI, jyeSThA, anurAdhA 16. rasa-tikta 17. mantra-OM hU~ AcAryebhyo namaH 18. phala-staMbhana jalAdi 4. upAdhyAya 1. jinasvarUpa-pArzva, malli 2. varNanideza-marakata (nIla) 3. dizAnirdeza-pazcima 4. aMganyAsa-hRdaya 5. tattvanirdeza-jalamaNDala 6. AkAra sAdhya hrIM-vizuddhakalA ruupe| 7.aMzaka-rAjapuruSa 8. svara-o, au 9. varga-gha, jha, Dha, dha, bha, va, ha 10. graha-ketu 11. tithi-riktA (4,9, 14) 12. mAsa-mAgha, ASAr3ha 13. rAzi-dhana, mithuna 14. vAra-zukra 15. nakSatra-mUla, pUrvASAr3hA, mRgazIrSa, ArdrA, punarvasu 16. rasa-kaSAya 17. mantra-OM hrau~ upAdhyAyebhyo namaH 18. phala-ihalaukikalAbha, sarvabhayaharaNa (tuSTi, puSTi) 5 sAdhu 1. jinasvarUpa-munisuvrata, nemi 2. varNanirdeza-kRSNa 3. dizAnirdeza-uttara 4. aMganyAsa-caraNa

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(369) 5. tattvanirdeza-vAyumaNDala 6. AkAra, sAdhya-hrIM-dIrghakalArUpeTa 7. aMzaka-bahuzabda-varNanIya sarvazrAddhajana athavA bahuprasiddhaloka vaMdyamAna 8. svara-aM-aH 9. varga-Ga, Ja, Na, na, ma, la, kSa 10. graha-zani, rAhu 11. tithi-pUrNA (5, 10, 15) 12. mAsa-phAlguna, zrAvaNa 13. rAzi-karka, tulA 14. vAra-zani, ravi 15. nakSatra-puSya, AzleSA, citrA, svAti, vizAkhA 16. rasa-kaTu 17. mantra-OM hraH sarvasAdhubhyo namaH 18. phala-(pApa) uccATana, maarnnaadi| * * * * * * * -

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(370) pariziSTa-2 (ka)paMca parameSThI padoM kA varNana, tatsaMbaMdhita sandarbha granthoM ke anusAra nimnaprakAra se upalabdha hotA hai| tadviSayaka sUci kA yahA~ nirdeza diyA jA rahA hai|' (prAkRta bhASA meM) 1. bhagavatI sUtra kA maMgalAcaraNa (zrI abhayadevasUri viracita bhagavatI sUtra vRtti) (saM. 1120 se 1128) 2. sapta smaraNoM meM prathama namaskAramaMtra smaraNa (1) zrI siddhacandragaNikRta vyAkhyA (2) zrI harSakIrtisUrIkRta vyAkhyA 3. namaskArAntargata padavizeSAnekArthAH (1) paMDitaguNaratnamunivara kRta namaskAra prathama padArthAH (2) Agamika zrI devaratnasUri viracita namaskAra mantrAMtargata "namo loe savva sAhUNaM" paMcamapadagata 'savva' zabda ke aneka artha 4. zrI mahAnizIthasUtra sandarbha 5. caityavaMdanamahAbhASya meM namaskAra sUtra kA ullekha (13-14 vIM zatI) zrI mAnadevasUri racita upadhAnavidhi stotra 7. vardhamAnavidyA vidhi 8. zrI bhadrabAhUsvAmI viracita zrI Avazyaka sUtrAntargata nmskaar-niyukti| 1. zrI puSpadaMta bhUtabalipraNIta zrI vIrasenAcArya racita dhavalA TIkA samanvita SaTakhaNDAgama kA sndrbh| 10. arhannamaskArAvalikA (arhat pada ke 108 guNa varNana) 11. siddhanamaskArAvalikA (siddha pada ke 108 guNa varNana) 12. arhadAnAdi srota (paMcaparameSThI namaskAra srota) zrI bhadraguptasvAmi praNIta paMca namaskAra cakrodvAra vidhi (paMca parameSThI cakra athavA vardhamAnacakra) 14. dhyAnavicAra 15. zrI mAnatuMgasUri viracita navakArasAra stavana 16. zrI mAnatuMgasUriracita navakArasAra stavana kI namaskAravyAkhyAna TIkA 17. kuvalayamAlA sandarbha 18. parameSThI pada garbhita maMtra Adi 19. zrI jinacandrasUri viracita paMcanamaskAra phalasrota 13. 1. namaskAra svAdhyAya (prAkRta vibhAga) bhAga-1 kI anukramaNikA

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(371) 20. paMca namaskAra phala 21. zrI jinadattasUri viracita namaskAra rahasya stavana 22. zrI jayacandrasUri viracita praznagarmita paMcaparameSThI stavana 23. caturvigha dhyAna srota 24. zrI jinakIrtisUri racita paMcaparameSThI namaskAra mahAstotra 25. zrI gaNividyA stotra 26. paMca mahAparameSThI saMstavana 27. paMca parameSThI jayamAlA 28. navakAra laghu kulaka 29. bhaktaparijJA sandarbha 30. paMcasUtra sandarbha 31. aMgavidyAprakIrNaka sandarbha 32. zrI haribhadrasUri viracita sambodhaprakaraNagrantha 33. zrI pravacanasAroddhAra sUtra sandarbha-mUla-zrInemicandrasUri, TIkA-zrIsiddhasenasUri zrI siddharSiracita candrakevalIcaritra sandarbha 35. zrI devabhadrasUri racita-kathA ratnakoSa sandarbha 36. zrI padmasiMhamuni racita 'jJAnasAra' sandarbha zrI ratnazekharasUri racita-zrI zrIpAla kathA meM siddhacakrayaMtrodvAra 38. zrI ratnazekharasUri racita zrI zrIpAla kathA antargata paMcaparameSThI paMcanavAtmaka sandarbha (kSamAkalyANagaNi vyAkhyA) sandarbha 39. zrI ratnazekhara racita zrI zrIpAlakathA antargata paMcaparameSThI ArAdhanA vidhi sandarbha 40. upadezamAlA sandarbha 41. hemacandrasUri racita dvayAzrayakAvya-pUrNakalazakI TIkA sandarbha 42. zrI jinadattasUri racita-samayasundaragaNi kI vyAkhyA meM 'taM jayau' kA sandarbha 43. zrI devendrasUri vinirmita 'sudarzanAcaritra' sandarbha 44. zrAddhadinakRtya ke antargata namaskAra viSayaka sandarbha 45. catu:zaraNa prajJapta sandarbha 46. parameSThI stava 42 zloka jaina granthAvalI 283 47. ajJAta kavi kRta suMdasaNA cariyaM le. saM. 1244 (13vIM zatI pUrvArdha) (kha) (saMskRta bhASA meM) 1. namaskAra maMtra stotram 2. 'OM' kAra vidyA stavanam

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(372) 3. zrI jinaprabhasUri viracita mAyAbIja (hIMkAra) klp| zrI jayasiMhasUri viracita dharmopadezamAlAntargata 'aha~ ' akSaratattvastavaH 5. arha-zrI hemacandrasUriracita zrI siddhahemacandrazabdAnuzAsana kA maMgalAcaraNasUtram svopajJatattva prakAzitaTIkAHzabdamahArNavanyAsa saMvalitam aha~-zrI hemacandrasUri racita-saMskRta dvayAzrayakAvya ke prathama zloka zrI abhayatilakagaNi racita vyAkhyA smet| 7. zrI siMhatilakasUri rcit,-RssimnnddlstvyNtraalekhnm| 8. kalikAla sarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya viracita triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacaritagata sandarbha (paMca namaskAra srotam) kali. zrI hemacandrAcAryaracita zrI vItarAga stotramaMgalAcaraNam 1. zrI somodayagaNikRtAvacUrNi 2. zrI prabhAnaMdasUrikRta vivaraNa 10. bhaTTAraka zrI sakalakIrtiracita 'tattvArthasAra dIpaka' mahAgrantha sandarbha 11. zrI siMhatilakasUri viracita zrI maMtrarAjarahasyAntargata arhadAdipaMcaparameSThI svarUpa sndrbh| 12. zrI siMhatilaka sUri saMdRbdha parameSThIvidyAyaMtrakalpa 13. zrI siMhatilaka sUri viracita laghunamaskAra cakra stotra 14. zrI siddhasena sUri praNIta zrI namaskAramAhAtmya-saMzo. bhaMdrakaravijaya gaNi prakA. zaMkaralAla muNota, jaina sAhitya prasAra samiti, pIpaliyA bAjAra, byAvara (rAja.) 15. zrI jinaprabhasUriracita paMcanamaskRti stuti 16. zrI jinaprabhasUri racita paMcaparameSThInamaskArastava 17. zrI kamalasUri viracita jinapaMjarastotra 18. mahAmahopAdhyAya yazovijayajI gaNi viracita paramAtmapaMcaviMzatikA 19. zrIsiMhanaMdibhaTTArakaviracita paMcanamaskRtidIpaka sandarbha 20. zrIsiMhanaMdiracita paMcanamaskRtidIpakAntargata namaskAra maMtra 21. AtmarakSA namaskAra stotra paMcaparameSThI stavana 23. namaskAra stavana lakSanamaskAraguNana vidhi 25. zrI nAgasenAcAryaviracitatattvAnuzAsana sandarbha 26. zrI candratilakopAdhyAyaracita zrI abhayakumAracarita sandarbha 27. zrI ratnamaNDaNa gaNi viracita sukRtasAgara sandarbha / 1. namaskAra svAdhyAya 2 saMskRta vibhAga-viSayAnukrama

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(373) 28. zrI vardhamAnasUriviracita AcAra dinakara sandarbha 29. zrI ratnamaMdiragaNiviracita upadeza taraMgiNI sandarbha 30. zrI vijayavarNI viracita maMtrasAra samuccayApara nAma-brahmavidyAvidhi granthAMtargatArhadAdibIjasvarUpa sandarbha 31. zrI ratnacandragaNiviracita mAtRkAprakaraNa sandarbha 32. zrI hemacandrAcAryaviracita arhannAmasahasrasamuccaya 33. mahApahopAdhyAya zrI vinayavijayagaNi viracita zrI jinasahasranAmastotra 34. paM. AzAdhara viracita zrI jinasahasranAmastavana 35. yAkinImahattarAsUnu-bhavavirahAGka-bhagavat zrI haribhadrasUrikRta 'SoDazaka prakaraNa' sndrbh| 36. zrI jayatilakasUri viracita zrI harivikrama caritAntargata sandarbha 37. zrI navatattvasaMvedanAntargata sandarbha 38. zrI siddhasenadivAkara viracita zakrastava 39. zrI pUjyapAda viracita siddhabhaktyAdi saMgraha 40. . zrI ratnazekharasUri viracita 'zrAddhavidhi' prakaraNAntargata sandarbha 41. upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kRta 'dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzikA' sandarbha 42. ajJAta kartRka zrI paMcaparameSThIstava 43. paMca namaskAra kalpa nimna sarva jina ralakoza pR. 225 se uddhRta 44. paMca namaskAra cUrNi 45. paMca pada 46. paMcaparameSThI kalpa 47. paMca namaskAra phala 48. paMca parameSThI guNaratnamAlA-rAmavijaya 49. paMca parameSThI guNa stavana 50. paMca parameSThI namaskAra 51. paMca parameSThI pada-ajJAtakartRka vyAkhyA devaratna 52. paMca parameSThI pATha 53. paMca parameSThI pUjA-jJAnabhUSaNa 54. paMca parameSThI pUjA paddhati 55. paMca parameSThI prabhAva 56. paMca parameSThI maMtra vicAra 57. paMca parameSThI mahAmaMtracakravRtti

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(374) 250 gA. racanA saM. 1168 jayacandra kadAca naM. 15-16 vAlA saMbhavita abhayadevasUri jina sA.ni.vi. rAmapurA (upra.) 58. paMca parameSThI mahAstava-jinakIrti 59. paMca parameSThI vaMdana 60. paMca parameSThI vivaraNa-matisAgara 61. paMca parameSThI sampradAya 62. paMca parameSThI stava 63. paMca parameSThI stava-ajJAtakartaka 64. paM. pa. stava/bhakti stotra-mAnatuMga sUri 65. paM. pa. stava-jinaprabhasUri-TIkA 66. NamokAra maMtra mahAtmya-A. umAsvAmI (anu.) (ga)apabhraMza-hindI-gujarAtI bhASA meM 1. terasa bhea navakAra paDala sarUpa-phala apabhraMza 2. navakAra rAsa apabhraMza 3. navakAra phala varNana apabhraMza 4. viSaharamaMtragarbhita paMcaparameSThI maMtra srota 5. paMca parameSThI namaskAra mAhAtmya hindI 6. zrI paMcaparameSThI gIta hindI 7. zrI arihaMtapadastavana hindI 8. zrI navakAra stavana 9. NamokAra mAhAtmya hindI 10. navakAra mAhAtmya hindI 11. zrI navakAra stavana hindI 12. navakAra phalagIta hindI 13. namaskAra subhASita hindI 14. arihaMta batrIsa birudAvalI hindI 15. namaskAra bAlAvabodha gujarAtI 16. namaskAra bAlAvabodha 17. navakAramaMtra prabaMdha 18. navakAramahAmaMtra namaskAra 19. paMca parameSThI sajjhAya gujarAtI 20. paMca parameSThI vinati gujarAtI hindI ajJAtakartaka zrIjinaprabhasUri zrIjinaprabhasUri zrIjinaprabhasUri zrIjinavallabhasUri upA. samayasundarajI upA. samayasundarajI zrI premarAja zrI bhUdharakavi zrI vijayabhadra zrI padmarAja zrI lakSmIkIrti zrI vinodIlAla ajJAtakattRka zrIhemahaMsagaNi ajJAtakartRka zrI depAlakavi zrIjinaprabhasUriziSya zrI devavijayajI zrI cAritrasAra gujarAtI gujarAtI gujarAtI 1. namaskAra svAdhyAya bhAga-3 apabhraMza-hindI-gujarAtI vibhAga viSayAnukrama

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gujarAtI gujarAtI gujarAtI gujarAtI (375) 21. navakAramaMtrano chaMda zrI kuzlalAbha 22. paMca-parameSThI gItA gujarAtI zrI yazovijayajI 23. namaskAra chaMda zrI mAnavijayajI 24. namaskAra sajjhAya gujarAtI zrI mAnavijayajI 25. navakAra bhAsa gujarAtI zrI jJAnavimalasUrI 26. namaskAra phala gujarAtI zrI hemakavi 27. navakAra no rAsa gujarAtI ajJAtakartRka 28. navakAra maMtranI sajjhAya gujarAtI zrIkIrtivimala 29. nokAravALI gIta zrI labdhivijaya 30. navakAragIta gujarAtI zrI vacchabhaNDArI 31. navakAra mahimA kAnakavi 32. navakAra nI sajjhAya gujarAtI ajJAtapUrvaka 33. paMca parameSThI maMtrarAja dhyAnamAlA gujarAtI zrI kavi nemidAsa zrI jJAnavimalasUri Tabo (bAla vilAsa) rAmajI zAha 34. namaskAra vyAkhyAnam gujarAtI ajJAtakRrtaka 35. paMca parameSThI dhyAnamAlA/anubhavalIlA jaina gUrjara kavio 3756-5.232 36. paMca parameSThI pUjA jai. gU. ka. 5059-6-386 37. paMca parameSThI rAsa/rAjasiMharAsa/navakAra rAsa jaina gUrjara kavi 1246-2281 1635___3.253 1661-3276, 3083-4.144 4451-6.125, 5094-6.396 927-2.21 38. paMca parameSThI navakAra sAra veli jai.gU.ka. 4244-5.420 39. paMca parameSThI svarUpa nirUpaNa pR. 316 mudrita jaina zvetAmbarAdi grantha nAmAvalI 40. navakAra gIta jaina gUrjara kavio sa 223 kha-1.148 41. navakAra mahAmaMtragIta jai. gU. ka 324-1.55 42. navakAra chaMda/stotra jai. gU. ka. 1006-2.88 43. navakAra prabandha/bhAsa jai. gU. ka. 217 kha 1.139 44. navakAra bAlAvabodha gU. ka. 1804-3.53, 4008-5.376 4037-5.378 45. navakAra mUlamaMtra bAlA jai. gU. ka. 5239 ka-5.445 46. navakAra (paMcapada para) sajjhAya jai. gU. ka. 3431 ka-4.411 47. navakAra sajjhAya 3432.24-4.412 48. navakAra prabhAvanI 6 kathAe~ 1820-3.355 49. navakAra mAhAtmya jai. gU. ka. 2-1-2 ma

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(376) 50. navakAra mAhAtmya caupAI jai. gU. ka. 3626-5.125 51. nokAra sta. 5029-5.0-6-380 52. paMca namaskAra Tabo jai. gU. ka. 5188-6, 1.427 53. namaskAra kathA ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 54. namaskAra kalaka ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 55. namaskAra kalpa-ajJAta ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 56. namaskAra kalpa-siMhanaMdI ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 57. namaskAra cakra ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 58. namaskAra cakralaghu paMjikA-bhadragupta ziSya zAMtisUri saMzodhaka navAMgI vRttikAra abhayadeva sUri ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 59. namaskAra dRSTAnta jai. gra. pR. 254 ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 60. namaskAra dvAtriMzikA jai. gra. pR. 281 ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 61. namaskAra paMcatriMzata-sumatisAgara ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 62. namaskAra/namaskAra prakaraNa ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 63. nama/nava. phala kulaka ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 64. nama. phala dRSTAnta ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 65. nama. stava-hemacandra-vRtti kanaka kuzala ra. saM. 1654 ji. ra. ko pR. 201-202 66. paM. para. mahAstava jinakIrti zi. somasundarasUri svopajJa TIkA saMvat 1494 2. avacUrI 67. namaskArAdhikAra 68. navakAra paMcatrizat pUjA diga. jayarAma zi. vidyAnaMdI 69. navakAra phala kulaka apabhraMza gadya 30 ji. ra. ko. 201-202 mu. jai. zve. grantha nAmAvalI gAIDa pR. 118 (gha) paMca parameSThI viSayaka upalabdha vAcana sAmagrI 1. namaskAra svAdhyAya (prAkRta) jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala vilapArle, 2. namaskAra svAdhyAya (prAkRta) bambaI-56 3. namaskAra svAdhyAya (bhASA) 4. navakAra maMtra yA paMca parameSThI ane Avazyaka ke be pratikramaNa nuM rahasya- paM. sukhalAlajI : zrI jaina yuvaka sevA samAja, phatAsAnI pola sAme, ahmdaabaad| 5. paMca namaskAra cakra mahAyaMtra pUjana vidhi-amRta jaina per3hI, hAlAra 6. paMca parameSThI svarUpa nirUpaNa-jai. zve. grantha nAmAvalI /

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(377) 7. paMca parameSThI guNa ratna mAlA-zrI jaina AtmAnaMdasabhA, bhaavngr| 8. paMca parameSThI maMtrarAja dhyAnamAlA tathA adhyAtma sAramAlA-nemIdAsa rAmajI zAha jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, mumbii| 9. paMca pAdikA-padma pAda-anu. veMkaTa rAmana saMpA. rAmazAstrI 10. paMca padikA vivaraNa-prakAzAtma yadi. 11. navakAra mAhAtmaya dhyAna pradIpa 12. navakAra maMtra saMgraha adhyAtmajJAna prasAraNa maNDala, pAdarA 13. navakAra maMtranI camatkArI kathA 14. namaskAra mahAmaMtra-devendravijayajI: khuDAlAH rAjendra pravacana kAryAlaya 15. namaskAra mahAmaMtra-bhaTTAcArya harisatya anu. dave : jayatilAlabhAI zaMkara AtmAnanda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara 16. namaskAra mahAmaMtra-bhAnuvijayaH vijayasUri jaina granthamAlA-46 17. aciMta ciMtAmaNi navakAra-muni amarendra vijayajIH Atma jAgRti TrasTa, baDaudA (gu.) 18. namaskAra niSThA-saMghavI maphatalAlaH zrI siddhi dharma saMgraha sAhitya pracAraka samiti jaina vidyAzAlA, ahmdaabaad| 19. maMgalamaMtra NamokAra eka anuciMtana-DaoN. nemIcandra, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, tRtIyAvRtti 20. maMtrAdhirAja-zrI mitrAnaMdavijayajI, padmavijayajI gaNivara jaina granthamAlA, caMpakalAla caturadAsa kAzIpurA borasada ji. kheDA (guja.) 21. maMtrAdhirAja-zrI vaMsatalAla, pratApa ke zAha, sAdhanA pablikezana koTha, bambaI, 22. eso paMca NamokkAro-yuvAcArya mahAprajJaH Adarza sAhitya saMgha curu (rAja.) 23. namaskAra mahimA-lakSmaNasUri saMpA. dhIrajalAla TokarazI. jJAnamandira dAdara, bambaI 24. NamokAra maMtra vizeSAMka: bhAga 1, 2 tIrthaMkara saMpA. DaoN. nemIcanda aMka 7-89., hIrAbhAI prakAzana indaura (ma.pra.) 25. zrI namaskAra mahAmaMtra graMthano upodghAta-vijayadAnasUrijI jaina granthamAlA, rA. lA. dharmazAlA gopIpurA, surata 26. mahAmaMtra navakAra, upA, amaramuniH sanmati jJAnapITha-AgarA 27. namaskAra maMtra siddhi-dhIrajalAla TokarazI, jaina sAhitya prakAzana maMdira, cIMca baMdara, bmbii| 28. namaskAra cintAmaNi-kuMdakuMdavijayajI, zrI jinadattasUrimaNDala, dAdAbAr3I ajamera (rAja.) 29. bAla bhogya navakAra-prabhAkara vijayajI, lAlacanda ke zAha, 16 zatrujaya sosAyaTI,

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(378) jaina sosAyaTI pAchaLa, pAlaDI, ahamadAbAda-7 30. hRdayakamala meM dhyAna dharata hU~-bhadragupta vijayajI zrI vizvakalyANa prakAzaka TrasTa, mehasANA (guja.) 31. navapada prakAza (arihaMtapada)-vijayabhuvanabhAnu sUriH divya darzana sAhitya prakAzana samiti, kumArapAlavI zAha 32. navapada prakAza (AcArya-upAdhyAya) 67, gulAlavAr3I, tIjemAle bambaI-4. 33. navapada prakAza (siddhapada)-bhuvanabhAnusUri, divyadarzana, TrasTa, kumArapAla vI. zAha, 39, kalikuNDa sosAyaTI dholkaa| 34. NamokAra maMtra aura AtmavikAsa kI sIr3hiyA-paM. saranArAma jaina a.bhA.di. jaina zAstrI pariSad baDaudA (meraTha) 35. NamokAra grantha-A. dezabhUSaNajI ma, lAlA dharmacanda jaina kAgajI, dharmapurA, dillI, prathama saMsthA 36. NamokAra maMtra kalpa-A. dezabhUSaNajI, jaina mitra maNDala, dharmapurA dillii| laahaur| 38. da. jainA preyara-bhaTTAcArya harisatyaH, kalakattA yunivarsiTI, klkttaa| 39. navakAra gIta gaMgA/rasa gaMgA, priyadarzana zrI vizvakalyANa prakAzana TrasTa, mhesaannaa| 40. namaskAra cintana-yazovijaya, jaina sAhitya prakAzana maMdira, laghAbhAI gaNapatabhAI bilDiMga, cIMcabaMdara, bmbii| 41. apUrva namaskAra-maphatalAla saMghavI, zrI jinadattasUri maNDala, dAdAbADI, ajmer| 42. maMtra bhalo navakAra-paM. bhadraMkara vijaya gaNi, prakA. navakAra sAdhanA TrasTa, navaraMga kolonI, navaraMgapurA, ahmdaabaad| 43. nita samaro navakAra-paM. bhadraMkara vijayagaNi, prakA. sarvakalyANakAra samiti, ArAdhanA dhAma, jAmanagara (saurASTra) 44. mahAmaMtranI sAdhanA-kuMdakuMdavijayajI-zrI siddhimegha-dharmasaMgraha sAhitya pracAra samiti, jaina vidyAzAlA ahmdaabaad| 45. namaskAra mahAmaMtra-bhaMdrakara vijaya-seTha gaNapatalAla mohanalAla vAlacanda nipANI belagAma, (mhaa.)| 46. zrI namaskAra mahAmaMtra-bhadraMkara vijaya-zrI kezarabAI jaina jJAna mandira, nagInabhAI hAsa, pATaNa (guj.)|

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(379) 47. namaskAra mImAMsA-bhadraMkara vijaya zrI mahAvIra tattvajJAna pracAraka maNDala, vAsupUjya svAmI, jinAlaya, aMjAra, kcch| 48. ArAdhanA no mArga-bhadraMkara vijaya zrI mahAvIra tattvajJAna pracAraka maNDala, vAsupUjya __svAmi jinAlaya, aMjAra, kcch| 49. savi jIva karUM zAsana rasI bhadraMkara vijaya namaskAra ArAdhanA ttrstt| 50. tattvaprabhA bhadraMkara vijayajI C/ candrakAMta kAMtilAla zAha 51. tattva dohana-bhadraMkara vijayayI 11, navaraMga kaoNlonI, navaraMgapurA, 52. samaro maMtra bhalo navakAra-bhadraMkara vijayajI ahamadAbAda-9, 53. paMca parameSThI dhyAna bhadraMkara vijayagaNi, jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, bambaI 54. zrI namaskAra mAhAtmya bhadraMkara vijayagaNi, jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, bambaI 55. navakAra maMtra yA paMcaparameSThI bhadraMkara vijayagaNi, jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, bmbii| * * * * * * *

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(380) pariziSTa-3 mRtyu ke samaya namaskAra mahAmaMtra ke zravaNa ke pariNAma ke aitihAsika sandarbha vimalasUri kRta "paumacariyaM" (anumAnataH I. san tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI) meM do ullekha prApta hote haiM(1) eka samaya taDitkezI rAjA rAnI ke sAtha vana meM krIDArtha gayA thaa| acAnaka eka vRkSa se eka bandara rAnI ke Upara giraa| ghabarAye hue usa bandara ne rAnI ke stana para nakhakSata kiye| jisane krodhita hokara rAjA taDitkezI ne use tIra maaraa| jisase vaha uchala kara eka dhyAnastha muni kA pAsa giraa| muni ne anukaMpA se use navakAramaMtra sunaayaa| phalasvarUpa dUsare janma meM vaha deva bnaa| aha paMca namokkAro dinno se sAhuNA nnukmpaae| mariUNa samuppanno, udahikumAro bhavaNavAsI // 6/105) paumacirayaM (2) sItA kA apaharaNa karake jAte hue rAvaNa ke sAtha yuddha karate hue jaTAyu ghAyala huA thaa| patni ke viyoga se duHkhI rAma jaba vana meM sItA kI zodha kara rahe the, taba unhoMne jamIna para karAhate hue jaTAyu ko dekhaa| unhoMne marate hue pakSI ke kAna meM (karma-jApa) namaskAra maMtra sunAyA, taba apavitra deha kA tyAga karake jaTAyu deva bnaa| kAntA-vioga-duhio, taM raNNaM rAhavo gave snto| pecchaI tao jaDAgiM, kekAyantaM mahiM pddiye|| pakkhissa kaNNajAvaM, deimarantassa suhyjoennN| mottaNaM pUidehaM, tattha jaDAu suro jAyo 1144/54-55 (3) pArzva svAmi ke cAritra meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kamaTha tApasa ko dayA-dharma samajhAte haiN| paMcAgni tapate kamaTha tAmasa ke pAsa se sevaka ko kahakara sulagate kASTha ko cirAkara usameM se nAga kuTumba ko bAhara nikAlate hai| ardhajale sarpa ko aMta samaya namaskAra-maMtra sunAte haiN| jisake phalasvarUpa vaha nAgalokAdhipa banatA haitao bhagavayA Niya-purisa-vayaNeNa davAvio se paMcaNamokkAro paccakkhANaM ca, paDicchiyaM tennN| tAva ya kaya NamokkAra paccakkhANo kAlagaNo samuppaNNo NAgaloyammi sayala-NAga loyAhivattaNeNaM tti| caupanna mahAmurima cariya 5.62 / (4) mahAvIra caritra meM bhI isI prakAra kambala sambala deva kA kathAnaka milatA hai| pUrvajanma meM ve baila the| apane dhArmika svAmi kA anukaraNa karake ve bhI dharmadhyAna karate the| unakI mRtyu ke samaya unake svAmI ne unako navakAra-zravaNa karAyA, jisase marakara ve nAgakumAra deva bne| tattha te NAvi caraMti, NAvi pANitaM pibaMti, jAhe savvahA Na icchaMti tAhe so sAvato tesiM bhatta paccakkhAti NamokkAra va se deti, kAlamAso kAlaM kiccA

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(381) 'NAgakumAresu uvavannA.......... Avazyaka cUrNi-pR. 280 (5) devAbhadrAcArya kRta kathAranakoza (ra. saM. 1125) meM zrI deva rAjA ke vRttAMta ke antargata zAMtinAtha bhagavAn ke maMdira kI utpatti meM bhI paMca namaskAra maMtra ke kathAghaTaka kA ullekha milatA hai-1 "eka samaya hameprabha deva kevalI bhagavAn ko apane AgamI bhava ke viSaya meM pRcchA karatA hai| taba use jAnane ko milA ki vaha mRtyu ke samaya meM ArtadhyAna ke kAraNa usakA vAnara ke rUpa meM janma hogA aura usa avatAra meM mahAkaSTa se use samyaktva kA lAbha hogaa| taba usa devane usa lAbha ke lie parvata ke eka pASANa meM navakAra maMtra kuredA (likhaa)| vaha deva marakara bandara banA aura bhramaNa karatA karatA usa zilA ke pAsa aayaa| jAtismaraNa jJAna hone para navakAra maMtra kA smaraNa karatA huA mRtyu ko prApta huaa| marakara saudharma devaloka meM deva bnaa| avadhijJAna se navakAravAlI zilA ke pAsa aayaa| vahA~ zAMtinAtha bhagavAn kA maMdira bnaayaa|" AkhyAnaka maNi koza vRtti (saM. 1190) antargata gokathAnaka, paDyAkhyAnaka aura phaNAkhyAnaka evaM vardhamAnasUrikRta vAsupUjya caritra (saM. 1299) meM rohiNI (durgandhA) ke kathAnaka meM yaha kathA ghaTaka milatA hai| sudaMsaNA cariyaMajJAta kavi kRta 'daMsaNA cariyaM' meM cIla ko muni bhagavanta ne namaskAra maMtra sunAyA tathA bhavAntara meM siMhala dvIpa meM rAjakumArI ke rUpa meM janma lene kA kathAnaka upalabdha hotA hai| devendrasUri racita sudarzanA caritra ke samAna hI isameM bhI varNana prApta hotA haijaMgala meM eka zikArI ne cIla kA zikAra karane ke lie use bANa se bIMdha diyaa| tar3aphatI huI vaha cIla nIce girii| samIpa meM eka munirAja dhyAnastha khar3e the| girane kI AvAja se anAyAsa muni zrI kI dhyAna-zreNI meM vikSepa pdd'aa| A~khe khulI aura sAmane bANa se biMdhI cIla para najara pdd'ii| antima zvAsa letI usako navakAra maMtra sunaayaa| usake phalasvarUpa vaha siMhala dvIpa meM rAjakumArI bnii| rAjasabhA meM videzI saudAgara ke chIMka Ane para 'namo arihantANa' sunakara mUrchA A gii| hoza meM Ane para jAti smaraNa se pUrva bhava ko dekhaa| bharUca meM usa sthala para jina maMdira kA nirmANa kraayaa| cIla kA citra banavA kara usakA nAma 'samaDIvihAra' rkhaa| isa prakAra anekAneka caritragranthoM meM, upadezaka granthoM Adi meM paMcaparameSThI viSayaka aneka aitihAsika kathA ghaTaka upalabdha hote haiN| 1. kathAratnakoSa-devabhadrAcAryaH prakA. bhAvanagara, jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA 1951, pR. 116-117 2. AkhyAnakamaNikozavRtti/AmradevasUri, saMpA. muni puNya vijayajI vArANasIH prAkRta grantha pariSad 1962 3, vAsupUjya caritra/vardhamAnasUri, bhAvanagaraH jaina AtmAnanda sbhaa|

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(382) sandarbha grantha sUcI malagrantha aMgutara nikAya, jagadIza kazyapa (bhikssu)| bihAra : pAli prakAzana maNDala, 1960 atharvaveda (bhAga 1-4) sAtavalekara, zrIpAda daamodr| pAraDI : svAdhyAya mnnddl| atharvaveda bhASya sAyaNAcArya vizvabandhu (sNpaa.)| hoziyArapura : vizvezvarAnanda vaidika zodha sNsthaan| adhikAra viMzikA hribhdrsuuri| kapar3avaMja :AgamoddhAraka granthamAlA, ramaNalAla jycnd| anutaraupapAtika sUtra madhukara muni (sNpaa.)| byAvara : Agama prakAzana samiti, pIpaliyA baajaar| antakRdazAGaga sUtra madhukara muni (sNpaa.)| byAvaha : Agama prakAzana samiti, pIpaliyA baajaar| arhannAma samuccaya hemcndraacaary| bhAvanagara : jaina dharma prasAraka sbhaa| aSTaka prakaraNa haribhadrasUri, khuzAladAsa jagabhavana dAsa (saMpA.) bambaI : mahAvIra jaina vidyaaly| aSTAdhyAyI : pANinIya saMpA. zAstrI candrazekhara / madrAsa : mailApura / AcArAGga sUtra : saMpA. saubhAgya mala jI m.| ujjaina : jaina sAhitya samiti, nyaapuraa| AcArAGga cUrNi : jinadAsa gnnivry| ratalAma : RSabhadeva, keshriiml| AcArAGga niyukti evaM vRtti- bhdrbaahuu-shiilaakaacaary| mehasAnA-Agamodaya samiti, prathamAvRtti, 1917 / Apta parIkSA-vidyAnanda, saMpA. koTiyA darabArI laal| sarasAvA : vIra sevA maMdira Apta mImAMsA samantabhadra : vijayacandrajI udayacandra / bambaI : rAjamala bar3ajAtyA, muni anaMtakIrti grnthmaalaa| Apta mImAMsA- tatvadIpikA, saMpA. jaina, udycndr| vArANasI : zrI gaNezavarNI di. jaina saMsthAna prakAzana, nriyaa| Avazyaka sUtra : byAvara : Agama prakAzana samiti, pIpaliyA baajaar| Avazyaka sUtra-niyukti-vRtti-ni. bhadrabAhU , vR hribhdr| bambaI : Agamodaya smiti| upaniSat saMgraha-saMpA.- zAstrI paM jgdiish| dillI-motIlAla bnaarsiidaas| uvAsagadazAGga-saMpA. madhukara muni| byAvara : Agama prakAzana smiti| Rgveda-(bhAga1-8), saMpA-vizvabaMdhu hoziyArapura : vizvezvarAnda vaidika zodha sNsthaan| khuddaka nikAya, saMzo. kazyapa, bhikSu jgdiish| bihAra : pAli prakAzana mnnddl| gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa), nemicandra siddhAnta shaastrii| saMpA. upAdhye, e ena zAstrI, paM. kailaash| dillI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha prkaashn|

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(383) jambUdvIpaprajJapti-saMpA. madhukara muni| byAvara : Agama prakAzana smiti| jAtaka-anu. kausatyAyana, bharata aannd| prayAga : hindI sAhitya smmeln| jina sahasranAma stotra-vinayavijayajI evaM siddhasena divaakr| bhAvanagara : jaina dharma prasAraka sbhaa| jina sahasranAma-paM. AzAdhara / kAzI : bhAratIya jnyaanpiitth| ThANaM-saMpA. nathamala muni, / lADanU : jaina vizvabhAratI, prathamAvRtti, 1976 / tattvArtha suutr-umaasvaati| (ka) sarvArthasiddhi, pUjyapAda saMpA. zAstrI phuulcndr| vArANasI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 19711 (kha) sabhASya TI. siddhasena gaNi, saMpA. kApar3iyA hIrAlAla rsikdaas| bambaI : jIvanacandra sAkaracandra jhaverI, prathama saMskaraNa 1915 / (ga) rAjavartika, akalaMkadeva, sapAM. jaina mhendrkumaar| kAzI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prathamAvRtti, 1953, 19571 (gha) zlokavartikAlaMkara-vidyAnandI, saMpA. kaMdiya maannikcnd| kalakattA : bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI sNsthaa| (ca) tattvArthavRtti-zrutasAgara saMpA. mhendrkumaar| kAzI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prathamAvRtti, 1918 / (cha) tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka-saMghavI sukhalAla saMpA. zAstrI kRssnncndr| 1940 bambaI : AtmA. janma zatAbdI smAraka mahAvIra presa prthmaavRtti| titthogAlI paiNNaya-saMpA. kalyANa vijaya gnni.| jAlaura : zvetAmbara jaina sNgh| tiloya paNNatI- yati vRSabhAcArya saMpA. upAdhye evaM jaina hiiraalaal| zolApura : saMskRti rakSaka dl| taitirIya saMhitA (kRSNa yajurvedIya) saMpA. sAtavalekara zrIpAda daamodr| bambaI : svAdhyAya maNDala, audhanagara, saataaraa| dazavaikAlika sUtra-zayyaMbhava sUri, saMpA. madhukara muni| byAvara : Agama prakAzana smiti| dvAviMzat dvAtriMzikA-siddhasena sUri vivRtti-suzIla suuri| boTAda : vijaya lAvaNya sUrijJAna mNdir| devAgama Apta mImAMsA-samantabhadra saMpA. mukhyatAra jugala kishor| dillI : vIra sevA mandira TrasTa prkaashn| dhammapada-anu. kauzambI dharmAnanda, pAThaka rAmanArAyaNa bii| ahamadAbAda : gujarAta purAtatva mndir| dharmabindu-haribhadrasUri, anu.-dozI mnnilaal| bambaI : kArabhArI bhagubhAI phatehacandra jaina patra oNphis|

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(384) dharmAmRta aNagAra-paM. AzAdhara, saMpA. zAstrI kailaashcndr| naI dillI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha prkaashn| nandI sUtra-devavAcaka, saMpA. -madhukara muni| byAvara : Agama prakAzana smiti| nirukta (nighaNTu)-saMzo. rAmakRSNa : mahAdeva sunu hari, prthmaavRtti| nirayAvAlikA sUtra-saMpA. madhukara muni| byAvara : Agama prakAzana smiti| nyAyAvatAra sUtra-siddhasena divAkara, vivecaka paMDita sukhlaal| paNNavaNA suttam bhAga 1-2, saMpA-puNya vijaya, mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha bhojaka mohnlaal| bambaI : mahAvIra jaina vidyaaly| prameyakamalamArtaNDa : zrI prabhAcandrAcArya saMpA. zAstrI mhendrkumaar| bambaI : nirnnysaagr| prajJApanA sUtra-saMpA. madhukara muni| byAvara : Agama prakAzana smiti| pramANa mImAMsA-hemacandrAcArya, ahamadAbAda : sarasvatI pustaka bhnnddaar| prshmrti-umaasvaati| bhAvanagara : zrI jaina dharma prasAraka sbhaa| buddhacaryA-saMpA. sAMkRtyAyana, rAhula / kAzI : zivaprasAda gupta sevA upvn| bRhadkalpasUtra-bhadrabAhU saMpA. caturavijaya, punnyvijy| bhAvanagara : AtmAnanda jaina sbhaa| bhAgavata mhaapuraann-vedvyaas| gorakhapura : gItApresa, caturtha AvRtti / majjhima nikAya-anu. sAMkRtyAyana rAhula / sAranAtha : mahAbodhi sbhaa| mahAparinivvANa sutta-saMpA. bhikSu kitrimaa| avayAva (varmA): OM cojn| mahApurANa-saMpA. vaidya pI ela. anu. jaina devendrkumaar| vArANasI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha prkaashn| mUlAcAra-A. baTTakera, vRtti, vasunaMdi anu. jJAnamati jii| naI dillI : bhAratIya jnyaanpiitth| yajurveda-saMpA. zarmA zrI raam| mathurA : gAyatrI tpobhuumi| yajurveda (zatapatha bhASA bhASya) saMpA. vissnnudev| ahamadAbAda : veda prakAzana smiti| yajurveda saMhitA (vAjasaneyi mAdhyandina shukl)| saMpA-sAtavalekara zrIpAda daamodr| bambaI : svAdhyAya maNDala, aughanagara satArA prdesh| yogbindu-hribhdrsuuri| bhAvanagara : jaina dharma prasAraka sbhaa| yogazAstra-henacandrAcArya anu. padma vijayajI m.| dillI-nirgrantha sAhitya prakAzana sNgh| ratna karaNDa zrAvakAcAra-samantabhadra, saMpA, jaina mNjulaa| sAgara : zrI madhyakSetrIya mumukSu maNDala saMgha (ma.pra.) rAjapraznIya sUtra-saMpA. madhukara muni| byAvara : Agama prakAzana smiti| . lalita vistarA-haribhadrasUri, saMpA, mehatA bhagavAnadAsa manasukhabhAI bambaI : mehatA kaMcana bena bhagavAnadAsa, copATI rodd| vizuddhi mArga-dharmarakSita, sAranAtha : mahAbodhi sbhaa|

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(385) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, saMpA. bhadraMkara vijaya gnni| bambaI : AgamodayA samiti, jaina pustakoddhAra smiti| vyAkhyAprajJapti-saMpA. madhukara muni| byAvara : Agama prakAzana smiti| zloka vArtika-kumArila, banArasa : caukhambA siirij| SaTkhaMDAgama satprarUpaNA-puSpadaMtabhUtabali saMpA. jaina hiiraalaal| amarAvatI : jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa kaaryaaly|| sanmati prakaraNa-siddhasena divAkara anu. saMghavI sukhalAla, dozI becrdaas| ahamadAbAda : jJAnodaya TrasTa, anekAMta vihaar| samavAyAGga sUtra : saMpA. madhukara muni| byAvara : Agama prakAzana smiti| samavAo-saMpA. yuvAcArya mhaaprjny| lADanU : jaina vishvbhaartii| sarvajJa siddhi-haribhadrasUri anu. hemacandra vijy| zirapura : jaina sAhityavardhaka sabhA (khAnadeza) sarvArtha siddhi-pUjyapAda saMpA. phUlacandra siddhAnta shaastrii| dillI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha prkaashn| sAMkhya kArikA-Izvara kRSNa saMpa. caturvedI brjmohn| dillI : nezanala pabliziMga haauus| sAMkhya pravacana : bIlakhA, zrI aanNdaashrm| sAmaveda (sasvara bhASA bhASya) saMpA. viSNudeva pNddit| ahamadAbAda-amRta TrasTa ane veda prakAzana smiti| siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana-saMpA. vikrama vijaya muni| chANI : labdhi sUrIzvara jaina grnthmaalaa| sUtra nipAta-saMpA. saMgha ratna anu. dhrmrtn| banArasa : mahAbodhi sabhA, saarnaath| stuti vidyA (jina-zataka) samantabhadra, saMpA. jaina pnnaalaal| sarasAvA : vIsa sevA maMdira ji. shaarnpur| sthAnAGga sUtra-saMpA. madhukara muni| byAvara : Agama prakAzana smiti| svayaMbhU stotra-samantabhadra, saMpA. mukhyatyAra jugala kizora sarasAvA : vIra sevA maMdira ji. shaarnpur| sAmayika brahmavidyA Vol. XXXVIII 1974 mahAvIra jayaMtI vizeSAka Adyar Library Bulletin tulasI prajJA khaNDa 17 (ju. si.) anusaMdhAna traimAsika 1991 aMka 2 jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, laaddnuu| zramaNa : pArzvanAza vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI julAI-disambara 1991 varSa 42 aMka 7-121 saMbodhi-Vol. 2, janavarI 1974 naM. 4 lA. da. bha. saM. vidyAmandira ahamadAbAda 9 /

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(386) . AnuSaMgika grantha amaramuni-sAmAyika sUtra-AgarA : sanmati jnyaanpiitth| aravinda-gItA nibandho, pAMDicerI : zrI aravinda sosaayttii| avasthI DaoN. brahmamitra : pAtaMjala yogazAstra eka adhyayana, dillI : indra prkaashn| AcArya narendra deva-bauddha dharma darzana, paTanA, bihAra rASTrabhASA prissd| AtmArAma jI ma-jainAgamoM meM paramAtmavAda, ludhiyAnA : AtmarAma jaina prkaashn| upAdhyAya baladeva-bauddha dharma mImAMsA, banArasa : caukhambA vidyaabhvn| upAdhyAya baladeva-bhAratIya darzana, vArANasI : zAradA mNdir| upAdhyAya bharatasiMha-bauddha darzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, ilAhabAda : bhAratIya maNDala DaoN. kizoradAsa-bhAratIya darzana aura mukti miimaaNsaa| bambaI : mahAlakSmI glAsa varksa prA. li. DaoN. I. mojhesa roDa jekaba srkl| gupta, DaoN. ramezacandra : tIrthakara, buddha aura avatAra vArANasI : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha sNsthaan| guptA DaoN. pavanakumArI : pAtaMjala yoga sUtra kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana dillI : IsTarna buka liNkrs| caturvedI AcArya parazurAma : bauddha siddhoM ke caryApada, banArasa : bhAratIya vidyaaprkaashn| jaina jagadIzacandra, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, vArANasI: caukhambA vidyaabhvn| jaina bhAgacandra-bauddha evaM jaina ahiMsA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / vArANasI : pA.vi. zo. sNsthaan| jaina ratanacandra-jaina AcAra meM indriya damana kI manovaijJAnikatA, vArANasI : pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha sNsthaan| jaina ratanalAla-Atma rahasya, naI dillI, sastA sAhitya mnnddl| jaina DaoN. sAgaramala-jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyyn| jaina, karma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyyn| jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA sAdhanA maarg| jaina, bauddha aura gItA kA samAja drshn| jhA harimohana (saMpA.)-dArzanika vivecanAe~, paTanAH bihAra hindI grantha akaadmii| tripAThI rAmazaMkara-bauddha tathA anya bhAratIya yoga sAdhanA, vArANasI : saMsa vi. 1981 datta evaM caTTopAdhyAya : bhAratIya darzana, anu. jhA evaM mizra, paTanA pustaka bhnnddaar| datta nalinAkSa-bodhisatva bhUmi : paTanA : ke. pI. jAyasavAla risarca insTITyUTa, 1966 / devendra muni- jaina Agama sAhitya, (manana aura mImAMsA) udayapura, zrI tAraka guru jaina grnthmaalaa|

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(387) desAI bI jI-Adhunika bhAratIya tattvajJAna, ahamadAbAda-yunivarsiTI grantha nirmANa bordd| DaoN. nagarAja muni-Agama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana kalakattA : jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mhaasbhaa| narasiMhabhAI IzvarabhAI-Izvara no inkAra : ahamadAbAda gurjara grantha kaaryaaly| kApaDiyA, hIrAlAla rasikalAla-pistAlIsa Agamo sUrata : jaina per3hI, gopiipuraa| nijAnanda jI ma-Izvara mImAMsA, mathurA, bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina saMgha, mthuraa| pANDeya kapiladeva-madhyakAlIna sAhitya meM avatAravAda, vArANasI : caukhambA vidyA bhvn| beDovA DaoN. arhadAsa : jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana, amRtasara : sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka smiti| boharA savAIlAla choTAlAla : pAtaMjala yoga darzana prakAza : bambaI : gujarAtI priTiMga pres| bhaTTa ema ke-bauddha darzana, ahamadAbAda : yuni. grantha nirmANa bordd| masIha yAkuba-nirIzvaravAda, bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya, paTanA, bhAratIya hindI grantha akaadmii| mAMkaDa, DolararAya raM-avatAro evaM avatAravAda, ahamadAbAda, bho. je. adhyayana saMzodhana vidyA bhvn| mAlavaNiyA dalasukha-jaina Agama, banArasa, jaina saMskRti saMzodhana mnnddl| mehatA DAhyAbhAI rAmacandra-OM kAra upAsanA, ahamadAbAda, mahAdeva rAmacandra jaagusstte| mehatA narmadAzaMkara devazaMkara-hinda tatva jJAna no itihAsa, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta vidyA bhvn| yAjJika jayendrakumAra A.-pAzcAtya tattvajJAna no sarala itihAsa ahamadAbAda : gujarAta yunivrsittii| yAdava jhinakU-jaina dharma kI aitihAsika rUparekhA-ilAhAbAda : hindustAnI ekeDamI uttrprdesh| rajanIza-nirvANopaniSad , bambaI jIvana jAgRti Andolana prkaashn| rAdhAkRSNan anu. zukla candrazekhara prANazaMkara-dharmonuM milana, bambaI : bhAratIya vidyA bhvn| rAdhAkRSNan-bhAratIya darzana : dillI, rAjapAla eNDa sns| rAvala-pUrva mImAMsA darzana, ahamadAbAda, yuni, grantha nirmANa bordd| lADa DaoN. azoka kumAra, bhAratIya darzana meM mokSa cintana, madhyapradeza : hindI grantha akaadmii| zarmA, umAzaMkara : sarva darzana saMgraha, vArANasI : caukhambA vidyA bhvn|

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(388) zAha cimanalAla jaicanda-uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma, jodhapura, sevAmandira raavttii| zAha nagIna jI-SaDdarzana (nyAya vaizeSika) ahamadAbAda, yuni. grantha nirmANa borDa gujarAta raajy| zAha nagIna jI-SaDdarzana (sAMkhyayoga) ahamadAbAda, yuni. grantha nirmANa borDa gujarAta raajy| zAstrI DaoN. dAmodara-bhAratIya darzana paramparAyeM jaina darzanAbhimaMta deva tattvam vArANasI : bhAratIya vidyA prkaashn| DaoN. zivamuni : bhAratIya dharmoM meM mukti vicAra, jayapura : akhila bhAratIya jaina vidvAn pariSad vidyaashaalaa| satyavAna parazurAma : nirIzvaravAda eka adhyayana / mogApaMjAba : deva samAja prkaashn| prthmaavRtti| sundaralAla-hajarata muhammada ane islAma, ahamadAbAda, navajIvana prakAzaka maMdira sukhalAla-navakAra maMtra yA paMca parameSThI, ahamadAbAda, jaina yuvaka sevA smaaj| ema hirayaNNA-bhAratIya tattvajJAna kI rUparekhA, ahamadAbAda, gujarAta vidhaasbhaa| ___ aMgrejI grantha sUcI - Acharya Sushil Kumar : Song of the soul. New Jersey : Blairstown. Siddhachalam Publishers 65 Mud Pound Road. ISB No.943207/07825 Jones William : Concept of God in ancient world; Delhi : Eastern book linkers. 1983. ___Jain, Dr. S.C. : Structure and Functions of soul in Jainsim; New Delhi : Bharatiya Jyanapith Publication. Mohanty Phani : Concept of Purusa and Purusottam. Delhi Garg Publication 1986. Monier williams Monier: Sanskrit English Dictionary; Clarendon Press. 1956. - Nahar P.C. Ghosh K.C.: An Encyclopaedia of Jaism, Delhi - Sir Satguru Pub. Padmanath. S. Jaini : The Jain path of Purification; Delhi : Motilal Banarsidas. Singh Ramjee : Concept of omniscience in ancient Hindu thought Delhi: orient Publisher 1979. Th. Stcherpatsky: Conception of Buddist Nirvan Varansi : Bhartiya Jyanapith Publication.

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(389) aitihAsika grantha jaina gurjara kaviyo-desAI mohanalAla dalIcanda, jaina zve, kAnpharansa Aphisa, bhaavngr| jaina paramparA no itihAsa-darzana vijaya, jJAna vijaya, nyAya vijy| jaina sAhityaM kA bRhada itihAsa (bhAga 1-7) pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna : vaaraannsii| jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa- kItha. e. bI., anu. zAstrI maMgaladeva, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillii| pAiya bhASAoM ane sAhitya-hIrAlAla kApar3iyA, vinayacandra gulAbacanda zAha, bhaavngr| prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa-jaina jagadIza candra, caukhambA vidyA bhavana, bnaars|| saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa-upAdhyAya rAma jI, rAmanArAyaNalAla, ilaahaabaad| saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa-desAI mohanalAla dalIcanda bambaI :jaina zvetAmbara kaanphrens| saMskRta sAhitya no itihAsa-upAdhyAya baladeva tathA gaurIzaMkara, kAzI : zAradA mNdir| koza grantha - arthavaveda vaiyAkaraNa pada sUcI-hoziyArapura : vizvezvarAnanda vaidika zodha saMsthAna, prthmaavRtti| - abhidharma koza : sAMskRtyAyana raahul| banArasa, kAzI vidyaapiitth| - abhidhAna cintAmaNi svopajJavRtti : hemacandrAcArya saMpA. vijayakastUra suuri.| - amarakoSa : amarasiMha / bambaI : nirNayasAgara pres| - ardhamAgadhIkoza : ratnacandrajI m.| indaura : jaina zve. koNnphres| - alpaparicita jaina saiddhAntika zabda kosh| sUrata : de. lA. jaina pustakoddhAra phNdd| Agama zabda koza : yuvAcArya mahAprajJa / lADanU : jaina vizva bhaartii| - upaniSad mahAvAkya koza : sAdhale gajAnana shNbhu| bambaI : naTavaralAla guj| prinTIMga pres| upaniSad vaiyAkaraNa pada sUci : hoziyArapura : vizvezvarAnanda vaidika zodha sNsthaan| - caturveda vaiyAkaraNa pada sUcI : hoziyArapura : vizvezvarAnanda vaidika zodha sNsthaan| - jinaratna koza- hari / pUnA : bhANDArakara prAcya vidyA saMzodhana maMdira - jaina lakSaNAvalI-bAlacandasiddhAntazAstrI dillI : vIra sevA mNdir| jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha-saMpA. seThiyA bhairodaan| bambaI : bhI. gi. jaina siddhAnta sbhaa| - jainendra siddhAnta koza : zu. jainendra vrnnii| vArANasI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha prkaashn|

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(390) taitirIya saMhitA vaiyAkaraNa pada sUcI : hoziyApura : vizverAnanda vaidika zogha sNsthaan| pAiya sadda mahaNNava : haragovinda trikramacanda : klkttaa| prAkRta propara nemas : lA. da. bhA. saM. vidyAmandira ahmdaabaad| pAli hindI zabda kosh| paurANika koza : rAjA prasAda zarmA / vArANasI : jJAna maNDala limittedd| bhagavadgomaNDala : bhagavatasiMhajI / rAjakoTa : pravINa prkaashn| - vAcaspatyam : zrI tArAnAtha tarka vAcaspati bhaTTAcArya vArANasI : caukhambA saMskRta siirij| vaidika padAnukramakoza : vishvbndhu|hoshiyaarpurH vizvezvarAnanda vaidika zodha sNsthaan| - zabdakalpadruma : bhAga 1-2 saMpA. rAdhA kaaNtaadev| dillI : motIlAla bnaarsiidaas| zabdacintAmaNi : savAI vI. choTAlAlakerA, bar3audA : daulatarAma maganalAla zAha / zabda ratna mahodadhi : saMpA. paM. ambAlAla premcnd| ahamadAbAda : vijaya nItisUri vaacnaaly| saMskRta vAGmaya koSa : DaoN. varNekara, zrIdhara bhAskara kalakattA : bhAratIya bhASA prissd| saMskRta iMgaliza DikzanarI : moniyara eNDa moniyara viliyamas dillI : bhAravAha pblikeshn|

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