Apbhramsa Bharti 1993 03 04

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Gyanchandra Khinduka, Chhotelal Sharma
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/521853/1

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apabhraMza bhAratI janavarI-julAI, 1993 zodha-patrikA 3-4 apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI rAjasthAna

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apabhraMza bhAratI arddhavArSika zodha-patrikA janavarI - julAI, 1993 sampAdaka maNDala zrI navInakumAra baja DaoN. kailAzacanda jaina zrI jJAnacanda bilTIvAlA zrI ratanalAla chAbar3A zrI mahendrakumAra pATanI prabandha sampAdaka zrI kapUracanda pATanI maMtrI, prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI sampAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI zrI jJAnacandra khindUkA DaoN. gopIcanda pATanI sahAyaka sampAdaka suzrI prIti jaina prakAzaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI jainavidyA saMsthAna prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra, zrImahAvIrajI (rAjasthAna )

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vArSika mUlya : 40.00 ru. sAmAnyataH 75.00 ru. pustakAlaya hetu phoToTAipa saiTiMga : kaoNmprinTa, jayapura mudraka: jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. ema. AI. roDa, jayapura-1

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viSaya-sUcI kra.saM. viSaya lekhaka. pR.saM. prakAzakIya sampAdakIya 1. jasaharacariu kI kAvyabhASA DaoN. rAmakizora zarmA 2. apabhraMza ke samarasI marmI kavi muni DaoN. zaMbhUnAtha pANDeya joindu : prAsaMgikatA kI kasauTI para haMsAvali-pakkha-samulhasanti mahAkavi svayaMbhU 4. AdikAlIna hindI : bhASika saMvedanA DaoN. rAjamaNi zarmA kA nava dharAtala aura abdula rahamAna 5. apabhraMza kAvya meM rahasyavAda DaoN. devakInandana zrIvAstava 6. jA seuNa-desaho amiya-dhAra mahAkavi svayaMbhU siddhoM ke apabhraMza sAhitya kA . DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' vivecanAtmaka adhyayana mahAkavi svayaMbhU kA nAgara-bimba saundarya DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva 9. uNjhara-muravAI va vAyantI mahAkavi svayaMbhU 10. joiMdu kI bhASA DaoN. devakumAra jaina DaoN. cittaraMjanakara hindI sAhitya para apabhraMza kA prabhAva joharA afajala 12. kallolullolahiM uvvahanti mahAkavi svayaMbhU ___ muni rAmasiMha kRta 'dohApAhuDa' kA zrImatI AbhArAnI jaina bhASA-vaijJAnika vizleSaNa 14. apabhraMza kathA saurabha DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI

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prakAzakIya apabhraMza bhAratI kA tRtIya-caturtha aMka pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta karate hue hameM harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai| yaha kahanA yuktiyukta hai ki hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa kI AdikAlIna va madhyayugIna pravRttiyoM kA pradhAna preraNA-srota apabhraMza sAhitya rahA hai| kAvya-rUpoM aura kAvya-viSayoM ke adhyayana ke lie rASTrabhASA hindI va Arya bhASAoM ke vikAsa-krama ke jJAna ke lie apabhraMza sAhitya kI upayogitA asaMdigdha hai| apabhraMza sAhitya ke sAMskRtika mahatva ko samajhate hue hI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI dvArA apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI vibhinna gatividhiyoM ke sAtha saMcAlita hai| apabhraMza bhASA ke adhyayana-adhyApana ke lie apabhraMza sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama va apabhraMza DiplomA pAThyakrama niHzulka calAye jA rahe haiM aura isI ke krama meM apabhraMza racanA saurabha, apabhraMza kAvya saurabha Adi pAThyapustakeM prakAzita haiN| 'apabhraMza bhAratI' patrikA kA prakAzana apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke punarutthAna va pracAra ke lie uThAyA gayA eka kadama hai| vidvAnoM dvArA apabhraMza sAhitya para kI jA rahI zodha-khoja ko 'apabhraMza bhAratI' ke mAdhyama se prakAzita karanA hama apanA karttavya samajhate haiN| isa aMka meM apabhraMza sAhitya ke vividha pakSoM para vidvAna lekhakoM ne apane vicAra prastuta kiye haiN| hama una sabhI ke prati AbhArI haiN| / ___patrikA ke sampAdaka, sahayogI sampAdaka evaM sampAdaka maNDala dhanyavAdAha haiN| isa aMka ke mudraNa ke lie jayapura prinTarsa prAiveTa limiTeDa, jayapura bhI dhanyavAdAha hai| kapUracanda pATanI maMtrI narezakumAra seThI adhyakSa prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI

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sampAdakIya bhArata vibhinna bhASAoM kA deza hai| yahA~ ati prAcInakAla se hI sAMskRtika abhivyakti ke lie loka-bhASA meM sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai| apabhraMza apane samaya kI viziSTa lokabhASA bnii| IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI meM apabhraMza bhASA sAhityika abhivyakti ke lie sazakta mAdhyama ho gaI thii| sAhityarUpoM kI vividhatA aura varNita viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se apabhraMza sAhitya bar3A hI samRddha evaM manohArI hai| vidvAna lekhakoM ne isa aMka meM inhIM sAhityarUpoM kI vividhatA evaM apabhraMza ke kaviyoM dvArA varNita viSaya-vastu kA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se vicAra kiyA hai| ___ yahA~ yaha kahanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki hindI sAhitya ke Arambhika tInoM kAloM para to apabhraMza kA prabhAva vizeSarUpa se par3A hI hai, kintu isa prabhAva se Adhunika kAla bhI nahIM baca pAyA hai| hindI ke prAyaH sabhI kAvyarUpa kisI na kisI rUpa meM apabhraMza se prabhAvita haiN| apabhraMza ke aneka kAvyarUpa, kAvyazailiyAM hindI meM bhI vikasita huii| hindI meM kAvya ke lie carita zabda kA prayoga apabhraMza se hI AyA hai| hindI kA mAtrika chanda aura tukAnta zailI apabhraMza kI hI dena hai| joiMdu ne apane kAvya meM katipaya aise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai jo apabhraMza sAhitya meM sarvathA navIna to haiM hI, vilakSaNa bhI haiM / Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM ke vikAsa meM joiMdu kI bhASA pramANa-svarUpa prastuta karane meM mahatvapUrNa hai| jina dezI zabdoM kA mUla abhI taka nahIM khojA jA sakA hai, saMbhava hai unheM joiMdu kI apabhraMza kI sahAyatA se khojane meM saphalatA prApta ho| ___apabhraMza kAvya meM rahasyavAda kI abhivyakti kI mUla preraNA jaina muniyoM kI zAntarasamayI dhyAna-dazA tathA bauddha-siddhoM kI anUThI mAdanamayI "mahAsukhAnubhUti" se anuprANita hai| jaina apabhraMza kAvya meM rahasyavAda kA svataH adhikAMzata: bodhaparaka rahA hai aura bauddha siddhoM kI vANiyoM meM sahajAnandaparaka, jisakI anubhUti aneka aTapaTe bimboM evaM pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se abhivyaJjita huI hai| isIlie apabhraMza ke jaina kaviyoM kI rahasyabhAvanA meM AdhyAtmika sandeza kI pravRtti rahI hai aura bauddha-siddha kaviyoM ke rahasyavAda meM lokottara aikAntika sahajAnandAnubhUti ke uddAma unmeSa kii| ____apabhraMza kI rahasyavAdI kAvyadhArA kI eka maulika vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki usameM santoM, sUphiyoM evaM vaiSNavoM ke rahasyavAda meM vyApta viraha-vedanA kI chApa nahIM hai| jaina apabhraMza kaviyoM dvArA pratipAdita rahasyavAda meM sabhI anya sAdhanA praNAliyoM evaM mAnyatAoM ke prati udAratA hai| apanI viziSTa saMsiddhiyoM evaM saMzliSTa abhivyaMjanAoM se anuraMjita maulika udbhAvanAoM ke kAraNa apabhraMza kAvya kI rahasyavAdI dhArA bhAratIya vAGmaya kI anUThI nidhi hai| ____ amRtatatvoM ko sahI bhASA, sahI rAste aura behada ImAnadArI se khojane kA zreya apabhraMza ke marmI jaina santa kaviyoM ko hI jAtA hai| apabhraMza ke ina marmI santa kaviyoM ne pahalI bAra janatA ke lie janabhASA meM janatA ke sAtha hokara kahA, likhaa| isalie unakI anubhUti meM saccAI kA dama hai, ImAnadArI kI tAkata hai|

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karuNA aura maitrIbhAva se bar3hakara koI zubhacintaka nahIM hai| kSamA, dayA, sarvadharma sadbhAva Aja kA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa sAmAjika dAyitva hai, sahaastitva kA AdhAra hai| joindu Adi jaina marmI sAdhakoM aura kaviyoM kI isa vicAra-bhAva-jyoti ke sivA Aja ke jIvana kI rakSA ke lie dUsarA cArA nahIM hai| puSpadaMtta dvArA prayukta bhASA meM tatsama, tadbhava dezI zabdAvalI kA samucita vinyAsa upalabdha hotA hai| apabhraMza kI adhikAMza racanAoM meM jo tadbhavIkaraNa kI anAvazyaka pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai vaha pravRtti 'jasaharacariu' meM nahIM hai| kavi ne prAyaH aise zabdoM ko yathAvat grahaNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai jinakA uccAraNa loka ke lie sarala hai| maMdira, dhUma, sarasa, ramaNI, saMsArasaraNi, phaNibaddha, kiMkara, salila, cAru devI Adi tatsama zabda udAharaNasvarUpa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| apabhraMza taka dhvani-parivartana ke kAraNa saMskRta zabdoM kA jo rUpa pracalita ho gayA thA kavi ne use vizeSa sthAna diyA hai| prakRti, kAvya-zAstra, rAjanIti Adi aneka kSetroM se bimba kA cayana karake kavi apanI kalpanA zakti ke sAtha hI jIvana ke vistRta anubhavoM kA bhI paricaya detA hai| prakRti, nagaravarNana tathA grAmya-citraNa meM kavi apanI maulika udbhAvanA se aise upamAnoM kA vidhAna karatA hai ki pAThaka ekadama se naye dharAtala para pahu~cakara naye anubhava se sampRkta ho uThatA hai| svayaMbhU ne apanI racanA-prakriyA kI kuzalatA ke samRddha, samartha aura utkRSTa bimboM ke nirmANa meM apanI apUrva kAvyazakti kA paricaya diyA hai| bimba-vidhAna mAnavIkaraNa kA hI paryAya hai aura mahAkavi (svayaMbhU) ke nAgara bimboM meM mAnavIkaraNa kI pracuratA hai| AcArya kavi svayaMbhU ko aprastuta yojanA ke mAdhyama se bimba saundarya ke mugdhakArI mUrtana meM pAragAmI dakSatA prApta hai / arthabimba aura bhAvabimba ke samAnAntara udbhAvanA meM mahAkavi kI dvitIyatA nahIM hai| mahAkavi svayaMbhU kI kAvyabhASA meM kAvya zAzvatika guNa bimba saundarya pracura mAtrA meM surakSita saMdezarAsaka kA dohA navInatAyukta to hai hI madhura zabdoM ke cayana aura citroM ke sUkSma rUpAyana meM samartha bhI hai| chandoM kI vividhatA, vastu kI abhivyakti zailI, vizeSakara nAyikA kA vAgvaidagdha hameM sUradAsa kI sAmarthya kI yAda dilAtA hai| mArmikatA, saMyama aura sahRdayatA bhI isa racanA kI zakti hai| paramparAgata hote hue bhI unake upamAna hRdayasparzI haiN| aura ina sabase mahatvapUrNa hai racanAkAra kI svAbhAvikatA jo prabhAva sAmya upamAnoM kI khoja meM sakriya hai| pAraMparika cayana ke viparIta saMdezarAsaka apane nAyaka aura nAyikA kA cayana sAmAnyajana kI . kathA-vyathA se kara apanI racanA kA AdhAra banAtA hai| jina vidvAnoM ne apane lekha bhejakara hameM sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai hama unake AbhArI haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI isa prakAra ke sahayoga kI apekSA karate haiN| hama saMsthAna samiti, sampAdaka-maNDala evaM sahayogI kAryakartAoM ke prati bhI AbhArI haiN| mudraNa hetu jayapura prinTarsa prA. li. jayapura dhanyavAdAha hai| DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI

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- jaya tuhu~ gai tuhu~ mai tuhu~ saraNu / tuhu~ mAya vappu tuhu~ bandhu-jaNu // tuhu~ parama-pakkhu paramatti - haru / tuhu~ savvahu~ parahu~ parAhiparu // tuhu~ daMsaNe NANe caritre thiu / tuhu~ sayala - surAsurehi~ Namiu // siddhante mante tuhu~ vAyaraNe / sajjhAe~ jANe tuhu~ tavacaraNe // arahantu buddha tuhu~ hari haru vi tuhu~ aNNANa - tamoha- riu / tuhu~ suhumu NiraJjaNu paramapau tuhu~ ravi vambhu sayambhu siu // * mahAkavi svayambhU - jaya ho, tuma merI gati ho, tuma merI buddhi ho, tuma merI zaraNa ho| tuma mere mA~-bApa ho, tuma baMdhujana ho| tuma paramapakSa ho, durmati ke haraNakartA ho| tuma sabase bhinna ho, tuma parama AtmA ho / tuma darzana, jJAna aura caritra meM sthita ho / sura-asura tumheM namana karate haiM / siddhAnta, maMtra, vyAkaraNa, sandhyA, dhyAna aura tapazcaraNa meM tuma (dhyeya) ho / arahanta, buddha tuma ho, hari-hara aura ajJAnarUpI timira ke ripu (zatru) tuma ho| tuma sUkSma, niraMjana aura paramapada ho, tuma sUrya, brahmA, svayaMbhU aura ziva ho /

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 janavarI-julAI-1993 jasaharacariu kI kAvyabhASA - DaoN. rAmakizora zarmA mahAkavi puSpadaMta dvArA racita jasaharacariu eka zreSTha kathA kAvya hai| kavi ne mahApurANa tathA NAyakumAracariu kI racanA karane ke bAda jasaharacariu kA sRjana kiyA thA, isalie prastuta kRti kA adhika praur3ha honA svAbhAvika hai| artha aura kAma se sambaddha kAvya kI paramparA se asaMtoSa vyakta karate hue kavi puSpadaMta dhArmika kAvya kI racanA hetu apanA tarka prastuta karate haiM - ciMtai ya ho dhaNaNArIkahAe, pajjattau kydkkiyphaae| kaha dhammaNibaddhI kA vikahami, kahiyAiM jAI Na sivsokkhulhmi|| (1.1.5-6) pApa kA prabhAva bar3hAnevAlI dhana aura nArI kI kathAe~ bahuta ho cukiiN| ataeva aba maiM aisI dharma-sambandhI kathA kahU~ jisase hameM ziva-sukha (mokSa) prApta ho ske| caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti ke bAda puSpadaMta jasahara (yazodhara) carita kula cAra sandhiyoM meM prastuta karate haiN| kavi jisa mokSadAyinI kathA ke prastutikaraNa kA saMkalpa Atma mokSArtha karatA hai vaha saMskRta-prAkRta se bhinna tatkAlIna janabhASA apabhraMza meM nibaddha hone ke kAraNa vyApaka samAja kI maMgala kathA bana jAtI hai| yazodhara kI caritAtmaka kathA kavi kI kalpanA-prasUta kathA nahIM hai balki yaha pUrva pracalita kavi-vizruta kathA hai| isa kathA ko lekara saMskRta aura prAkRta meM aneka graMtha pahale hI likhe jA cuke the| mahAkavi puSpadaMta ne saMskRta-prAkRta ko chor3akara bhASA

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 ke samakAlIna parivartita rUpa ko kevala grahaNa hI nahIM kiyA balki apanI kAvya-pratibhA se apabhraMza kAvya ko saMskRta mahAkAvyoM ke stara para pratiSThita kiyaa| ___ mahAkavi dvArA prayukta bhASA meM tatsama, tadbhava va dezI zabdAvalI kA samucita vinyAsa upalabdha hotA hai| apabhraMza kI adhikAMza racanAoM meM jo tadabhavIkaraNa kI anAvazyaka pravatti parilakSita hotI hai vaha pravRtti 'jasaharacariu' meM nahIM hai| kavi ne prAyaH aise zabdoM ko yathAvata grahaNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai jinakA uccAraNa loka ke lie sarala hai| maMdira, dhUma, sarasa, ramaNI, saMsAra saraNi, phaNibaddha, kiMkara, salila, cAru, devI Adi tatsama zabda udAharaNasvarUpa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| apabhraMza taka dhvani-parivartana ke kAraNa saMskRta zabdoM kA jo rUpa pracalita ho gayA thA kavi ne unheM vizeSa sthAna diyA hai| jasaharacariu meM svara aura vyaMjana ke saMyojana kI prakriyA kucha saMdarbho meM viziSTa hai| isameM R ke sthAna para ri, ai ke sthAna para e, au ke sthAna para o, visarga ke sthAna para o/u ke prayoga milate haiN| udAharaNArtha - risaha, risIsara , RSabha, RSIzvara guNaseDhi guNa, kaivataM , kevaTTa ai ko ai tathA au ko au ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake kavi ne saMskRta uccAraNa ko surakSita rakhA hai, jaise - bhairau , bhairava, rauddo > raudra / vyaMjana dhvaniyoM meM madhyaga ka, ga, ca, ja, ta, da kA lopa milatA hai, jaise - sayala sakala Nayari nagare payaMDa ) pracaMDa rAu rAjA dharAyali ) dharAtale jai - yadi madhyaga kha, gha, tha, dha, bha kA rUpAntaraNa ha meM huA hai, jaise - tU muhala mukhara NAha ) nAtha ballaha) ballabha meha ) megha mahuyala >> madhukara na ke sthAna para sarvatra Na hai, jaise - vayaNa ) vadana, lINa : liin| AraMbhika ya adhikAMzataH ja meM parivartita haA hai. jaise - jatta , ykt| do svaroM ke bIca meM AnevAlA ca-ya meM rUpAntarita milatA hai, jaise - viyAramagga > vicaarmgn| za, Sa donoM sa meM samAhita ho gaye haiM, jaise - joI-saru , yogIzvara, savvosahi , svossdhi| saMyukta vyaMjanoM ke sthAna para dvitva kA vidhAna huA hai, jaise - kammu (karma), kuladhammu (kula dharma), kitti (kIrti), saMtuTTha (saMtuSTa), kAlahasadda (kaahlshbd)| mUrdhanyIkaraNa, saghoSIkaraNa, hasvIkaraNa tathA dIrdhIkaraNa kI pravRttiyA~ bhI jasaharacarita kI bhASA meM parilakSita hotI haiN| jasaharacariu kA vyAkaraNika vidhAna prAkRta se bahuta prabhAvita hai| apabhraMza kI rUpa-racanA ko grahaNa karate hue bhI mahAkavi puSpadaMta ne aneka chandoM meM prAkRta ke vibhaktika rUpoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| kartA - karma meM apabhraMza vibhaktika pratyaya u, A, ke sAtha hI prAkRta o kA bhI

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 pracura prayoga dekhA jA sakatA hai| mANusa, sarIru, balu, pariyaNu Adi zabdoM meM apabhraMza kI ukAra pravRtti draSTavya hai kintu saMtoso, lacchi vilAso, rahio, mahio Adi meM prAkRta pravRtti dekhI jA sakatI hai| isI taraha karma 'm', karaNa 'eNa', saptamI 'mmi' ke paryApta prayoga nirdiSTa kiye jA sakate haiN| apabhraMza meM yadyapi pramukha rUpa se zabdoM ko do liMgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai kintu jasaharacariu meM napuMsakaliMgIya-rUpoM kA prayoga katipaya sthaloM para draSTavya hai| kavi kA dhyAna layAtmakatA tathA zabdoM kI dhvanyAtmaka gatizIlatA para hai| vaha sampUrNa kar3avaka meM anunAsikatA se samApta honevAle zabdoM kI lar3I piro detA hai| jaise - maI lihiyaI gahiyaI akkharAI, geyaI srigmpdhnniisraaii| phala-phulla-patta-chintarAI, sillepktttthkmmtraaii| vAyaraNaI NaTThaI NavarasAI, chaMdAlaMkAraI joisaaiiN| (1.24.3-5) zabdoM kI punarAvRtti kA adbhuta saundarya prastuta kRti meM parilakSita hotA hai| kavi kahIM 'sarvanAma, kahIM kriyA-vizeSaNa kI punarAvRtti karatA hai| ise punarukti doSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki isa paddhati se vaha sthAna vizeSa kA samagra citra aMkita karanA cAhatA hai| usake citraNa meM varNana-kauzala ke sAtha hI kathA kI gatizIlatA milatI hai| avanti deza kA varNana karate hue kavi sthAna-sUcaka sArvanAmika vizeSaNa kA hI aneka bAra prayoga karatA hai - jahiM cumucumaMti keyArakIra, vrklmsaalisurhiysmiir| jahiM goulAI pau vikkiraMti, paMDacchadaMDakhaMDaDa crNti| (1.21.1-2) isI taraha ujjayinI kA citraNa karate hue jahiM' kI tIna bAra AvRtti kI gayI hai| kendrIya varNya-viSaya kA bAra-bAra kathana karake usase sambaddha anubhavoM ko samAviSTa karane kA yatna kaI chandoM meM dRSTigata hotA hai| yaha punarAvRtti kaI sthaloM para AlaMkArika bhI hai| kavi ko upamA para upamA dene kI jhaka-sI laga jAtI hai| vAstava meM usakI kalpanAzakti bar3I prabala hai, kSaNamAtra meM use guNa, dharma evaM rUpa-sAmya ko dhotita karanevAle aneka upamAna sUjha jAte haiN| usakI maulika udbhAvanA tathA sUkSma nirIkSaNa kSamatA kA paricaya aise sthaloM para vizeSarUpa se milatA hai| rUpaka aura utprekSA kA eka sAtha prayoga adholikhita chanda meM draSTavya hai - tAruNNi raNNi daDDheM khaleNa uggiM laggiM kaalaannlenn| siyakesabhArU NaM chAru ghulai, theraho balasatti va lAla gli| thera ho pAviM NaM puNNasiTThi, vayaNAu payaTTai rynnvitttthi| jiha kAmiNigai tiha maMda diTTha, theraho laTThI vi Na hoi ltttthi| hatthaho hoMtI parigalivijAi, kiM aNNa vilAsiNi- pAsi tthaaii| theraho payAI Nahu cikkamaMti, jiha kukaihiM tiha vihaDevi jNti| theraho karapasaru Na diDu kema kutthiyapahu viNihayagAmu jem| (1.28.1-6)

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 uparyukta paMktiyoM meM kavi ne vRddhAvasthA kA jo svAbhAvika citra aMkita kiyA hai vaha advitIya hai| vRddhAvasthA kA bimba nirmita karate samaya vaha virakti aura anurakti donoM pakSoM ke upamAnoM kA cayana karake vicitra prabhAva utpanna karatA hai| vRddha kI zArIrika hAni, aindrika kSINatA tathA AtmIyajanoM dvArA usakI upekSA kI vyaMjanA bar3I mArmika hai| prakRti, kAvya-zAstra, rAjanIti Adi aneka kSetroM se bimba kA cayana karake kavi apanI kalpanA zakti ke sAtha hI jIvana ke vistRta anubhavoM kA bhI paricaya detA hai| kisI Azcaryajanaka vastu yA ghaTanA yA vaktavya se vyakti staMbhita ho jAtA hai| rAjA ke pAsa abhayaruci kA Agamana tathA usake dvArA kiye gaye prabodhana se isI taraha kA dRzya upasthita hotA hai| cAmuNDA devI ke maMdira meM loga na calate the, na Dolate the, jaise mAno lepa para banAye gaye hoM athavA jaise mAno bhittiyoM para citrakAra dvArA likhe gaye hoM - Na calai Na valai NaM leppi vihiu, NaM bhittihi~ cittayareNa lihiu| (1.20, 6) deha-chavi kA citraNa karate samaya kavi yadyapi pAraMparita upamAnoM kA hI prayoga karatA hai kintu usakI dRSTi zarIra ke aMgoM meM jhalakanevAle bhAva-saundarya kI ora bhI AkarSita ho jAtI hai| chulleka aura chullikA ke aMgoM ke saundarya kA aMkana karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki unakI bhujAe~ dayArUpI ballI kI zAkhAoM ke sadRza haiN| yahA~ sthUla ke lie sUkSma bhAva-bimba kI parikalpanA kI gayI hai| ___ adbhuta kumAra aura kumArI rAjA ke samakSa prastuta haiN| vaha nirNaya nahIM kara pAtA ki ye kauna haiM ? mana daur3ane lagatA hai vastusthiti kI pahacAna ke lie| eka-eka karake aneka devI-devatAoM kI kalpanA ubharane lagatI hai| mana kI gati ke sAtha chanda bhI gatizIla hotA hai - do-do zabdoM ke caraNavAlA chanda apanI laya aura gati meM prabhAvazAlI banA rahe usake lie kavi prAkRta kI dhvanyAtmaka pravRtti ko svIkAra karane meM bhI nahIM hicakatA hai| antya akSara kI dIrghatA chanda ko gItAtmaka Teka se yukta kara detI hai - aNiMdo khagiMdo diNiMdo phnniNdo| suriMdo uviMdo mhaaruNdcNdo| sisUrUvadhArI murArI puraarii| aNaMgo asaMgo abhaMgo aliNgo| suhANaM va joNI tavANaM va khonnii| duhANaM va hANI kavINaM va vaannii| (1.18, 1-10) rAjA vicAra karatA hai ki yaha bAlaka koI khagendra hai, dvijendra, phaNIndra yA surendra yA upendra yA pUrNa candra hai| zizurUpa meM murArI hai yA tripurArI hai yA svayaM kAmadeva hai| to bhI yaha nisaMga,

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 abhaMga aura aliMga hai| yaha kumArI zubhoM kI yoni hai yA tapoM kI khAni hai, duHkhoM kI hAni hai yA kaviyoM kI vANI hai / sandeha kA itanA prabhAvazAlI vidhAna puSpadaMta jaise sazakta kavi ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| usakI cetanA sthUla kI apekSA sUkSma evaM sUkSmatama staroM para vyApta ho jAtI hai| eka bAlikA ko kavi kI vANI ke rUpa meM kalpita karanA usake sUkSma anubhavana kA hI paricAyaka hai| prakRti, nagara-varNana tathA grAmya-citraNa meM kavi apanI maulika udbhAvanA se aise upamAnoM kA vidhAna karatA hai ki pAThaka ekadama se naye dharAtala para pahu~cakara naye anubhava se sampRkta ho uThatA hai| rAtri kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai - sUrya udita huA aura phira mAno adhogati ko prApta huA, jaise - kahIM boyA huA bIja lAla aMkura ke rUpa meM prakaTa huA hai, usake dvArA vaha saMdhyArUpI latA prakaTa hokara samasta jagatarUpI maMDapa para chA gyii| vaha tArAvalI-rUpI kusumoM se yukta ho gayI tathA pUrNa candrarUpI phala ke bhAra se jhuka gyii| rAtri ke lie latA. puSpa aura phala kA bimba ekadama maulika hai - ravi uggu ahogai NaM gayau, NaM rattau kaMdau nnikkhiyu| tahiM saMjhA velli vANIsariya, jagamaMDavi sA Niru vitthriy| tArAvalikusumahiM pariyariya, saMpuNNacaMda caMdaphala bhrnnviy| (2.2, 2-4) kavi ne prema kI samvedanA tathA kAma bhAva kI atizayatA kA citraNa sarpadaMza ke bimba dvArA kiyA hai| kAmAtura vyakti kI kA~patI, bala khAtI evaM gatizIla deha usake antastala meM jAgRta kAma bhAva ke prabala Avega ko hI vyaMjita karatI hai - savvaMgu majhu romaMciyau, savvaMgu seysNsiNciyu| savvaMgu bappa vevai valai, NaM savisasappadaTThau cli| (2.5, 3-4) kavi kevala madhura evaM mohaka rUpoM ke citraNa meM hI nahIM ramatA, virUpa ke citraNa meM bhI vaha siddhahasta hai| eka ora yadi vaha daihika saMracanA ke santulita evaM ojasvI rUpa ko prastuta karatA hai to dUsarI ora deha kI vikRti aura mAnava kI krUratA kA bhI jIvanta citra khIMcatA hai| eka kubar3e puruSa kA citraNa karate hue kavi Antarika ghRNA ko bhI ujAgara kara detA hai kyoMki vaha vivAhitA strI, jo rAnI ke gaurava se maMDita hai, kA avaidha premI hai| kavi kahatA hai - , ai aDDaviyaDDahaDDa visamu, Niru phuTTapAya kynnyvirmu| (2.6,12) paruSa vargoM kI yojanA se usa puruSa kI paruSatA sahaja hI vyaMjita ho jAtI hai| virakta bhAva ko vyaMjita karane ke lie puSpadaMta nArI ko viSazakti ke samAna mAraNazIla, agni kI ghamAvalI ke samAna ghara ko mailA karanevAlI kahate haiN| ... vIpsA alaMkAra ke mAdhyama se kavi daihika nazvaratA ko aMkita karatA hai| usakI dRSTi meM

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 manuSya kA zarIra duHkha kI poTalI hai use jitanA dhoo utanA hI azuddha hotA hai| sugandhita padArtha kA lepa maila meM badala jAtA hai - mANusasarIru duhapoTTalau, dhoyau dhoyau aivittttlu| vAsiu vAsiu Nau surahi malu, posiu posiu Nau dharai blu|| (2.11, 1-2) kavi vAtAvaraNa ke nirmANa meM siddhahasta hai| kriyA-bimboM ke dvArA vaha sampUrNa dRzya ko pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta kara detA hai| varNana ke bIca meM AnevAle muhAvare tathA lokoktiyoM se puSpadaMta kI kAvya-bhASA jIvanta ho jAtI hai| usameM vyApaka vyaMjanA ke guNa svataH A jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha - raNNe ruNNaM viyalaI suNNaM (araNya rodana kI taraha zUnya evaM niSphala ho jaanaa)| vaise puSpadaMta kI ruci muhAvaroM tathA lokoktiyoM ke prayoga kI nahIM hai| sampUrNa kAvya meM bahuta kama muhAvare upalabdha haiN| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jasaharacariu kI bhASA pariniSThita apabhraMza hai| kavi ne vividha bhAvoM, anubhAvoM, sthitiyoM, caritroM, dRzyoM ke varNana meM alaMkAra, bimba, pratIka Adi mAdhyamoM se bhASA ko sazakta evaM samRddha banAyA hai| rIDara, hindI vibhAga ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya ilAhAbAda

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 janavarI - julAI - 1993 7 apabhraMza ke samarasI marmI kavi muni joindu : prAsaMgikatA kI kasauTI para * DaoN. zambhUnAtha pANDeya Aja kA yuga vaijJAnika yuga kahA aura kahalAyA jA rahA hai| dAvA bhI kiyA jA rahA hai ki jaisI pragati Aja huI hai, vaisI kabhI nahIM huI thii| mAnava kI sukha-suvidhA ke sabhI sAdhana upalabdha ho rahe haiN| sAgara kI gaharAiyA~ aura parvatoM kI U~cAiyA~ mApa lI gaI haiN| pRthvI kA cappA-cappA khoja liyA gayA hai| dUsare lokoM meM bhI mAnava ke paira par3ane lage haiN| aba yaha zikAyata nahIM rahI ki sAdhanoM ke abhAva meM eka chora kA mAnava dUsare chora ke mAnava ko nahIM jAnatA, para vAstavikatA yaha hai ki mAnava-mAnava kI dUrI jitanI Aja bar3hI hai, utanI kabhI nahIM thI / dUsarI ora jJAna kA kSetra bar3A vyApaka ho gayA hai| manuSya kI jigISA zakti aparampAra ho gaI hai| jijIviSA use na jAne kahA~ se kahA~ le gaI hai| vaha chakakara sabakA upabhoga kara lenA cAhatA hai - jar3a aura cetana, prakRti aura puruSa donoM kaa| Aja sarvatra bhogavAdI pravRtti kA hI bolabAlA hai| isI ke calate Aja mAnava-jIvana meM anekAneka jaTilatAoM aura viSamatAoM ne ghara kara liyA hai, DerA DAla diyA hai| sukha-duHkha kA vaiSamya, ananta icchAe~ aura unakI pUrti kI vedanA kA vaiSamya, antahIna AkAMkSAoM aura unakI tRpti kI atizaya duSprApyatA kA vaiSamya, adhikArI aura adhikRta, zAsaka aura zAsita kI asamAnatA kA vaiSamya, Adi kitane prakAra kI asamAnatAoM aura viSamatAoM ne AdamI ko 'AdamI kI paribhASA' bhI bhulavA diyA hai| insAniyata ko insAna se haTAkara use haivAna banA diyA hai| manuSya, manuSya se dUra huA hai - jAti

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 pA~ti meM ba~Takara, dharma-sampradAya kI dIvAra khar3Ikara, kAle-gore, U~ca-nIca kA bheda-bhAva bddh'aakr| vaha Aja eka nahIM hai, aneka hai - hindU hai, musalamAna hai, sikha hai, IsAI hai, cInI, jApAnI. phrAMsIsI. aMgreja. amerikana, rUsI hai| vaha deza-videza. pradeza meM ba~TA hai| jaise lagatA hai ki 'bhUmA kA Ananda', 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam kA sukha' usake lie chalAvA hai| isIlie mandira-masjida, girijAghara aura gurudvAre kA jhagar3A hai| 'prasAdajI' ke zabdoM meM sarvatra 'tumula kolAhala kalaha' hai| IrSyA, dveSa, lobha, ahaMkAra, mada, matsara aura pada ke calate vaha DaratA hai, DarAtA hai, phira-phira usakI upAsanA karatA huA itihAsa ke pRSThoM ko raktaraMjita kara vilIna ho jAtA hai - 'bhayabhIta sabhI ko bhaya detA, bhaya kI upAsanA meM vilIna" aura usako 'jIvananizItha ke andhakAra" ke alAvA kucha nahIM miltaa| Aja kA AdamI inhIM bAhya evaM Antarika saMkaToM ko lekara jI rahA hai| usake jIvana meM azAnti, antarkalaha, apanarmilatA (ebanAmiliTI), duzcintA, asAmAnya tanAvagrastatA, nirAdhAra bhayAkrAntatA, mAnasika rugNatA kA viSa ghula-ghula kara use mAra rahA hai| para aisI sthiti hai kyoM ? vastutaH mAnava kI isa sthiti evaM niyati kA mUla kAraNa hai - sAmAjika mUlyAtmaka cetanA kA abhAva, samaSTi-mAnava meM vizvAsa kI avadhAraNA kI kamI, jIvana ko samavAya evaM samagrarUpa se na dekhane kI haThadharmitA, samyak darzana, samyak jJAna, samyak cAritra-rUpI ratnatraya kI kamI, svasaMvedyamArgI na hokara parasaMvedamArgI banakara rUr3ha dhArmika zAstroM, pUjA-pATha saMbandhI jar3atAoM, vividha prakAra kI aMdha AsthAoM tathA jAti-pA~ti, varNa-bheda sambandhI antarvirodhI vyavasthAoM meM vizvAsa aura jIvana ko svastha banAnevAle amRtatatva - sAmaMjasya-samanvaya-samarasatA ko nitAnta anabUjhI evaM anadekhI kara denevAlI prvRtti| isI ke kAraNa hI samAja kI yaha dAruNa evaM dayanIya sthiti ho gayI hai| nirAzA kI aisI sthiti meM apabhraMza ke marmI jaina kavi AzA kA saMcAra karate haiM / vastutaH manuSya ke bhItara aisI svasthakara pravRttiyA~ aura cetanA ke prakAza stara haiM jinase hameM AzA ba~dhatI hai, nirAzA kA kuhAsA phaTa jAtA hai, andhakAra ko bhedatI prakAza kI kiraNeM prasphuTita ho jAtI haiM / ravIndranAtha ThAkura ke zabdoM meM, "manuSya ke antara meM sAmaMjasya kI pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai| bAhara upakaraNa aura ADambara kA anta nahIM pAyA jAtA, kintu bhItara saMtoSa rahatA hai ; bAhara duHkha-darda kI sImA nahIM rahatI, para antara meM dhairya pAyA jAtA hai; bAhara virodha pAyA jAtA hai, para antara meM kSamA rahatI hai; bAhara laukika sambandhoM kA pAra nahIM pAyA jAtA, para bhItara virAjatA hai prema; bAhara saMsAra ke vistAra kA anta nahIM hai, para antara meM AtmA meM hI AtmA ko pUrNatA prApta ho jAtI hai| eka ora ke azeSa dvArA hI dUsarI ora kI akhaMDatA kI upalabdhi pUrI hotI hai| _____ para ina amRttatvoM ko sahI bhASA, sahI rAste aura behada ImAnadArI se khojane kA zreya apabhraMza ke marmI jaina santa kaviyoM ko hI lAtA hai| vaise kahane ke lie bar3I-bar3I bAteM pavitra aura lacchedAra bhASA meM kahI jAtI haiM para vahA~ kathanI aura karanI meM pharka hotA hai| likhane, socane aura bolanevAlI bhASA meM jamIna-AsamAna kA antara hotA hai| apabhraMza ke ina marmI santa kaviyoM ne pahalI bAra janatA ke lie janabhASA meM janatA ke sAtha hokara kahA, likhaa| isalie unakI anubhUti meM saccAI kA dama hai, ImAnadArI kI tAkata hai| isa tAkata kA andAjA isI se lagAyA

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 jA sakatA hai ki jisa kathya aura janajIvana kI abhivyakti praNAlI ke rUpa meM inhoMne apane lAr3ale chaMda dohA evaM kAvyarUpoM kA prayoga kiyA unakA ekachatra rAjya nAthoM-siddhoM se gujarate hue madhyakAlIna santa kaviyoM - kabIra, nAnaka, dAdU, jAyasI, sUra, tulasI taka chAyA rhaa| lokatatva, lokajIvana aura lokabhASA kA ghaniSTha sambandha aura avicchinna pravAha calatA rhaa| isIlie AcArya paM. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne apabhraMza ko 'hindI kA prANatatva, prANadhArA kahA' Aja bhI jaise apabhraMza ke ve kavi aura unakA kAvya, vAtsalyamayI mA~ ke rUpa meM apanI saMtAna ko jJAna, zraddhA aura karma ko samarasa banAkara mAnava ke saMtApa-samUha ko nicor3ane aura usake bhAgya kA udaya karane kA prAsaMgika saMdeza de rahe hoM - yaha tarkamayI tU zraddhAmaya, tU mananazIla kara karma abhy| . isakA tU saba saMtApa nicaya, hara le, ho mAnava bhAgya udy| sabakI samarasatA kara pracAra, mere suta suna mAM kI pukaar|' mAnava-jIvana meM vyApta pradUSaNa ke nirAkaraNa ke lie guhAra aura pukAra karanevAle apabhraMza saMta kaviyoM meM jaina muni joindu (yogIndra) kA nAma zIrSastha hai jinakI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI jyoM kI tyoM nahIM, apitu usase bar3hakara, barakarAra hai| joindu sambhavataH rAjasthAna ke rahanevAle the| inakA samaya DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye chaThI-sAtavIM, DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI AThavIM-navIM tathA paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana 10vIM zatI mAnate haiN| DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI ne inake donoM graMthoM - paramAtmaprakAza (paramappayAsu) evaM yogasAra ko apabhraMza-sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna mAnA hai| inameM kramazaH 337 tathA 108 dohe haiN| svayaM DaoN. sogANI ne 'paramAtmaprakAza va yogasAra cayanikA" nAma se sAragarbhita saMgraha prakAzita kara bar3A kalyANakArI kAma kiyA hai| cuninde dohoM ke mAdhyama se isa kavi ke marma taka pahu~cane aura mUlyAMkana meM isakI ahama bhUmikA ko najaraandAja nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___ DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne 'madhyakAlIna-dharma-sAdhanA' nAmaka pustaka meM kahA hai ki unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke pazcimIya vicArakoM ne sAdhAraNataH san 476 I. se lekara 1553 I. taka ke kAla ko madhyayuga kahA hai' para unhIM ke anusAra 'asala bAta yaha hai ki madhyayuga zabda kA prayoga kAla ke artha meM utanA nahIM hotA jitanA eka khAsa prakAra kI patanonmukha aura jakar3I huI manovRtti ke artha meM hotA hai| madhyayuga kA manuSya dhIre-dhIre vizAla aura asIma jJAna ke prati jijJAsA kA bhAva chor3atA jAtA hai aura dhArmika AcAroM aura svata:pramANa mAne jAnevAle Apta vAkyoM kA anuyAyI hotA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNataH inhIM kI bAla kI khAla nikAlanevAlI vyAkhyAoM para apanI samasta buddhi-sampatti kharca kara detA hai| sarvatra eka prakAra kI adhogati kA hI AbhAsa milatA hai| isa sArvatrika adhogati kA kAraNa isa deza kI rAjanItika sthiti thii|" garaja yaha ki vaha kAla Aja ke yuga se bahuta bhinna nahIM thaa| jaba jar3atva ghara kara gayA ho, bAhyAcAra kA itanA bola-bAlA ho gayA ho ki apane kSaNika svArthalAbha ke lie asaMkhya devI-devatAoM kI bhAvahIna pUjA meM loga nirata ho jaayN| bhUta-preta-pizAcoM kI sumaranI hone lge| ojhA, tAMtrika, yAMtrikoM aura jyotiSiyoM kI aisI bana Aye ki ve bholI-bhAlI janatA se pIpala, baragada, tAlAba, pokhara, jhAr3a-jhaMkhAr3a, patthara, pahAr3a, gobara-gaNeza taka kI pUjA

Page #19
apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 | karavAne lgeN| prapaMca buddhi, bAhyADaMbara, zuSka jJAna, tIrthATana, paMDe-purohitoM kA makar3ajAla itanA phaila jAya ki loga apane 'ghara kI cakkI kI pUjA' yAni svAvalambana kI bhAvanA hI bhUla jAya~ / patthara kI mUrti kI pUjA kareM aura patthara dila hokara manuSya ko hI patthara mAneM, usase ghRNA kreN| isase bar3hakara aura viDambanA kyA ho sakatI hai| jaina kavi joinduM ne apanI kavitA ke mAdhyama se isa jakar3abandI kA joradAra virodha kiyA / cittazuddhi para jora diyA, isa zarIra ko hI sabhI sAdhanAoM kA AdhAra mAnA, samacitti yAni samAna cetanA ke AdhAra para manuSya ko 'eka' mAnA / Atmopalabdhi aura mAnavAtmA kI mukti apanA lakSya bnaayaa| ve kahate haiM ki "devatA na to devAlaya meM hai, na zilA meM, na candanAdi ke lepa meM, na citra meM - vaha akSaya niraMjana jJAnamaya ziva to zubha evaM samacitta meM nivAsa karatA hai" 10 deu Na deule Navi silae, Navi lippar3a Navi citti / akhaya NiraJjaNu NANamau, siu saMThiu samacitti // 14 samacitti, paramArtha (AtmA-samatA) kA paryAyavAcI hai| aise vyakti ke antara aura bAhya donoM zuddha hote haiN| usakI cetanA urdhvagAmI hotI hai| jAgRta hotI hai| usameM zuddha-maMgala bhAvanAeM nivAsa karatI haiN| vaha ahiMsA, maitrI aura kSamA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| vaha vimalAtmA hI paramAtmA hai| isI kI caramAnubhUti usakA kAmya hai| vaha sabameM isI paramAtmaprakAza ko dekhanA cAhatA hai| vaha mAnava kI ekatA- mAnavAtmA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| isI meM sabakA uddhAra aura kalyANa dekhatA hai| isIlie bheda-vibheda, tIrtha, guru, zAstra-purANa jo parasaMvedyamArgI banAkara logoM ko bhaTakAte haiM, AdamI ko AdamI se dUra karate haiM, use tyAga dene kI bAta karate haiM / joindu kahate haiM- "maiM gorA hU~, maiM zyAmala hU~, maiM vibhinna varNa kA hU~, maiM tanvAMga hU~, maiM sthUla hU~, maiM zreSTha brAhmaNa hU~, maiM (dhanavAna ) vaizya hU~, maiM (zreSTha) kSatriya hU~, maiM zudra hU~, maiM puruSa, napuMsaka, strI, aisA varNa, jAti, liMga bheda mUrkha vizeSa hI mAnatA hai" hau~ gorau hau~ sAmalau hau~ ji vibhiNNau vaNNu / hau~ taNu-aMgau~ thUlu hau~ ehau~ mUDhau maNNu // 's hau~ varu baMbhaNu vaisu hau~, hau~ khattiu hau~ sesu / purisu NauMsau itthi hau~, maNNai mUdu visesu // " isI prakAra ve kahate haiM ki vimalAtmA ko chor3akara mUr3ha hI dUsare kI sevA kI mRgamarIcikA meM bhaTakate haiM - "vimalAtmA ko chor3akara, he jIva ! anya tIrtha meM mata jAo, anya guru kI sevA mata karo, anya devatA kI ciMtA mata kro| nijamana (svasaMvedya) nirmala AtmA zAstra-purANa - tapa-caraNa (kaThora) niyama meM nahIM basatI, aura na to inase mokSa kI prApti hI hotI hai" aNu jatitthuma jAhi jiya, aNNu ji guruu ma sevi / aNu ji deu ma ciMti tuhu~, appA vimalu muvi // appA Niya-maya Nimmalau, NiyameM vasai Na jAsu / sattha-purANaI tava caraNu, mukkhu vi karahiM ki tAsu // 7

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 11 Aja kA sabase bar3A dharma hai 'maanvtaa|''maanv kI ekatA' meM vizvAsa, 'samaSTi mAnava' ke hita kI cintA, samasta prayojanoM se manuSya ko bar3A mAnane kI bhAvanA prAyaH sabhI vicArakoM, cintakoM ke cintana kA viSaya hai| DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne likhA hai ki "samasta UparI halacaloM ke vikSubdha taraMga-saMghAta ke nIce nistabdha bhAva se virAjamAna hai manuSya kI ektaa| manuSya eka hai, bheda-vibheda UparI bAteM haiM" para isa lakSya kI prApti sAdhAraNa bAta nahIM hai| isake lie tyAga, tapasyA aura citta kI zuddhi atyanta Avazyaka hai| prakArAntara se ve vahI bAteM kahate haiM jise joindu ne kahA hai| AcArya dvivedI ke anusAra, 'manuSya kI isa mahAna ekatA ko pAne ke lie samasta saMkIrNa svArthoM kA balidAna, kSaNika AvegoM kA damana, uttAla saMvegoM kA nirodha, azuci vAsanAoM kA saMyamana, galata tarkapaddhati kA nirAsa aura Atmadharma kA viveka Avazyaka sAdhana haiN| inhIM se vaha parama Ananda citta meM ucchala ho uThatA hai jisakA prakAza sAhitya hai|" aisI hI bhAvanAoM kA sAhitya joindu kA paramAtmaprakAza hai jisakI prAsaMgikatA Aja ke saMdarbha meM aura adhika upayogI hai| __ thor3I gaharAI se dekheM to 'manuSya kI ekatA' yA 'samaSTi mAnava kI bhAvanA' jainadharma aura sAhitya meM kitanI gaharAI ke sAtha paiThI huI hai| jaina sAdhaka bahirAtmA, antarAtmA, paramAtmA Adi agaNita AtmAoM meM vizvAsa karate haiM ye AtmA krodha, moha, mada, mAyA, matsara, lobha, ahaMkAra Adi indriyAdika viSayoM se mukta hone ke bAda paramAtmA ho jAte haiN| ina paramAtmAoM ke guNa eka samAna haiM isalie ve 'eka' kahe jA sakate haiN| yaha ekatvAnubhUti' yA 'samatvaprajJA' Asakti kI kaSAya chor3e zuddha jJAna se prApta hotI hai aura isakA pramukha sAdhana citta zuddhi hai| vastutaH yaha vaha mUlya hai jisake binA koI bar3I upalabdhi ho hI nahIM sktii| 'mAnavatA' yA 'mAnava kA ekatva' aura usakA kalyANa jaise bar3e kAma kI saMkalpanA ke lie citta kI zuddhi yA bar3e hRdaya kA honA atyAvazyaka hai| yadi saMkalpa mahAna hai to prayatna bhI mahAna honA hI caahiye| yaha eka yuga kI bAta nahIM, yuga-yuga kI bAta hai| ataH joindu kA yaha kathana Aja bhI sarvathA prAsaMgika hai ki - "citta zuddhi ke binA mokSa nahIM ho sktaa| cAhe jIva jitane tIrthoM meM nahAtA phire aura jitanI tapasyA karatA phire, mokSa tabhI hogA jaba citta zuddha ho" - he jIva, jahA~ khuzI ho jAo aura jo marjI ho karo kintu jaba taka citta zuddha nahIM hogA taba taka mokSa nahIM milegaa| jahiM bhAvai tahi~ jAhi jiya, jaM bhAvai kari taM ji| kemvai mokkhu Na asthi para, cittaha~ suddhi NaM jaM ji" isa prakAra joindu ke anusAra mAnava zarIra hI sAdhanA kA sarvottama sthala hai| brahmAMDa kI saba cIjeM isI piMDa meM vartamAna haiN| devatA kahIM bAhara nahIM, ziva ke rUpa meM isI piMDa meM hI vartamAna hai| usase abheda sambandha jor3akara 'ekatva' kI punIta bhAvanA kI dhAraNA anusyUta ho sakatI hai| para mana se bhedabuddhi samApta karane ke lie cittazuddhi Avazyaka hai| joindu kahate haiM ki - 'he yogI! apane nirmala mana meM hI zAMta ziva kA darzana hotA hai / ghanarahita nirmala AkAza meM hI sUrya camakatA hai| aura yaha andhakArarUpI bAdala jJAnarUpI sUrya se hI chaMTatA hai| joindu ke anusAra - "dAna karane se bhoga mila sakatA hai, tapa karane se indrAsana bhI mila

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12 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 sakatA hai, para janma aura maraNa se vivarjita (rahita) pada pAnA cAhate ho to jJAna hI se ho sakatA joiya Nia-maNi Nimmalae, para dIsai siu sntu| ambari Nimmale ghaNa-rahie, bhANu ji jema phuraMtu . dANi lambhai bhou para indattaNu vi tvenn| jammaNa maraNa vivajjiyau, pau labbhai NANeNa Aja jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM dUrI bar3hI hai, khAI gaharI huI hai| anamila, antarvirodhI tathA svata:virodhI bhAvoM aura vicAroM kA cakrajAla phailA hai| vyartha ke vAda-vivAda uTha khar3e hue haiN| sAmpradAyika unmAda umar3e haiN| pArasparika kalaha bar3he haiN| zAMti kSINa huI hai aura azAnti kA bolabAlA hai| jIvana kA saMgIta sarvatra besurA ho gayA hai| isIlie sAmaMjasya, samanvaya, samarasatA aura saMgati kI jitanI AvazyakatA Aja mahasUsa ho rahI hai, utanI kabhI nahIM thii| vidhvaMsa jitanA bhayAvanA Aja hai utanA kabhI nahIM thaa| jAhira hai ki yadi mAnavatA ko bacAnA hai, use vijayinI banAnA hai to vizva ke hara prakAra ke zakti ke vidyutakaNa jo nirupAya, vyAkula aura bikhare ghUma rahe haiM, unakA saMkalana, sAmaMjasya aura samanvaya hI ekamAtra upAya hai 4 isa saMdarbha meM apabhraMza ke jaina saMta kaviyoM ke 'sAmaMjasya bhAva' kI prAsaMgikatA Aja ke yuga ke lie aparihArya hai| _ 'sAmarasya bhAva' jaina muniyoM ke sAdhanAtmaka ciMtana kA pArasamaNi hai| isake mAdhyama se ve na jAne kitane kudhAtuoM ko 'pArasa parasa kudhAtu suhAI' ke rUpa meM suhAvanA banA dete haiN| sAMsArika jIvoM meM paramAtmaprakAza kI kiraNa phailA dete haiN| yaha usa yuga kI mahattvapUrNa sAdhanA hai| prAyaH sabhI dharmoM ke sAdhaka isakA vyavahAra karate haiM para siddhAnta aura AcaraNa kA jo svastha evaM sundara svarUpa jainadharma meM prApta hotA hai, vaha anyatra nahIM hai| mana icchA ke vazIbhUta hai| vaha svabhAvataH caMcala hai| vaha abhAvoM kI pUrti ke lie aura-aura abhAvoM kI ora bhAgatA jAtA hai| atRpti kA saMsAra raca letA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se atRpti hI hiMsAtmaka kAryoM meM pariNata hotI hai| phalasvarUpa manuSya aneka mAnasika durvRttiyoM se AkrAMta hotA hai| IrSyA se grasta hotA hai| IrSyA meM dUsare kI sukha-suvidhA ke prati anudAra saMkIrNatA aura virodha kA bhAva rahatA hai| manuSya ahaM-kendrIya banatA calA jAtA hai / isa sRSTi meM duHkha, kaSTa aura vikSubdhatA kA mUla kAraNa yahI hai| isa manovaijJAnika satya ko joinda ne bhalIbhAMti samajhA thaa| isalie unhoMne isI piMDa meM ziva ke rUpa meM jIvAtmA yA paramAtmaprakAza ke rUpa meM jo vartamAna hai, usI se mana ke mila jAne, ekameka hokara mila jAne ko sAmarasya kahA hai| isa sthiti meM nirarthaka dvaMdva miTa jAte haiN| bheda kI sthiti lupta ho jAtI hai| samarasI bhAva kA Ananda vyApta ho jAtA hai| ziva aura zakti kA milana ho jAtA hai| muni joindu kahate haiM ki - mana jaba paramezvara se mila jAtA hai aura paramezvara jaba mana se to donoM kA samarasI bhAva yAni sAmarasya ho jAtA hai| yaha apane Apa meM itanA U~cA bhAva ho jAtA hai ki isa avasthA meM pUjA aura upAsanA kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| isa parama prAptavya kI prApti se pUNya-pUjaka sambandha samApta

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 13 ho jAtA hai kyoMki jaba jIva aura paramAtmA meM koI bheda hI nahIM rahA to kauna kisakI pUjA kare - maNu miliyau~ paramesaraha~, paramesarau vi mnnss| bIhi vi samarasa hUvAha, punja car3hAvau~ kss| isa sAmarasya bhAva meM samasta indriya evaM indriyArtha udAttIkRta hokara sarvAtma hita ke lie samarpita hokara usI prakAra tirohita ho jAte haiM jaise saritAe~ apane ko samarpita karate hue tirohita hokara sAgara bana jAtI haiN| isameM mana, buddhi, saMvita (cetanA) UhApoha, tarka-vitarka saba zAnta ho jAte haiN| AtmA AkAza kI bhA~ti, zUnya kI taraha apane Apa meM hI rama jAtA hai| isameM parasaMvedana ke AdhAra para calakara bhaTakane kI sthiti nahIM hotii| isameM bheda kI sthiti miTakara saba Atma (AtmIya) apane haiM, ke mahAbhAva meM apane hI apane ko jAnane kA - svasaMvedana rasa prApta hotA hai| muni joindu ne ise bar3I mArmika bhASA meM kahA hai ki - balihArI hai usa yogI kI jo 'zUnya pada' kA dhyAna karatA hai, jo 'para' - parama puruSa paramAtmA - ke sAtha samarasI bhAva kA anubhava karatA hai, jo pApa aura puNya ke atIta ho jAtA hai - suNNauM pau~ jhAyaMtA, bali bali joiyddaahaiN| samarasi-bhAu pareNa sahu puNNu vi pAu Na jAha~ / bhalA aise samarasI bhAvavAle mahAyogI para kauna bAra-bAra balihArI nahIM jAyegA, jo ujAr3a ko basAtA hai aura bastI ko zUnya karatA hai| sambhavataH parasaMvedanajIvI ko yaha kathana ulaTabA~sI lge| para jIvana kI yaha viDambanA nahIM to aura kyA hai ki svArtha, lobha, kAma, krodha Adi vividha vikAroM se racI gayI yaha zarIrarUpI mAyAnagarI bAlU kI bhIti ko vaha bastI mAnatA hai| sAMsArika dRSTi se tathAkathita isa bastI ko (paramAtmaprakAzI) yogI ise chor3akara, bhulAkara, ujAr3akara citta ko usa zUnya niraMjana sthAna para pahu~catA hai jahA~ samasta mAyAmoha Adi indriyArtha tirohita ho jAte haiM to yogI vastutaH ujAr3a ko basAtA hai - samarasabhAva pUrNa hotA hai - uvvasa vasiyA jo karai vasiyA karai ju sunnnnu| bali kijjau~ tasu joiyahiM jAsu Na pAu Na punnnnu|| suNNau~ pau~ jhAyaMtaha~, bali bali joiya ddaahN| samarasi-bhAu pareNa sahu~, puNNu vi pAu Na jaahN|| isa saMdarbha meM mahAkavi jayazaMkara 'prasAda' ke isa prasiddha gIta kA marma kitanA sArthaka hai jise prAyaH galata samajhA gayA hai| prasAdajI' apane gItarUpI nAvika se isa chala-chadma-bharI bastI se usa vAstavika bastI meM le jAnA cAhate haiM jahA~ nizchala prema hai, karuNA hai, zAMti hai, sukha-duHkha samabhAva kA satya hai aura vibhutA (prakRti) vibhu (paramAtma-brahma) ke rUpa meM eka ho jAte haiM, samarasa ho jAte haiN| vastutaH gIta pragatizIla bhAvApanna hai - vimutA vibhu se par3e dikhAI, dukha-sukha vAlI satya banI re / le cala mujhe bhulAvA dekara, mere nAvika dhIre dhIre //

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 jaina marmI kaviyoM ke isa bhAva ne usa kAla meM zaiva, zAkta, vaiSNava Adi vividha dhArmika sampradAyoM meM bar3hate vidveSa ko bhI kAphI dUra taka zamana kiyaa| samyak dRSTi, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra kA sAmaMjasya upasthita kara loka-kalyANa kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| vastutaH ye sarva-dharma sama-bhAva ke purodhA haiN| kavi joindu kA yaha kathana usa kAla ke sAtha Aja ke yuga ke lie kitanA sArthaka prAsaMgikatA liye hue hai, kahane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM - unhoMne kahA ki - saba deva eka haiM, unameM koI bheda nahIM hai, ve isI zarIra meM basate haiM - so siu saMkaru viNhu so, so rudda vi so buddh| so jiNu Isaru baMbhu so, so aNaMtu so siddh|| eva hi lakkhaNa-lakkhiyau, jo paru Nikkalu deu| dehaha~ manjhahi~ so vasai, tAsu Na vinjai bheu| isa prakAra Aja kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai ki hama sabhI prakAra ke bheda-bhAva bhulAkara jIyeM aura dUsaroM ko jIne dene meM sahAyaka bneN| joindu kI yaha sadbhAvanA hI vizvamaitrI kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| isI kA mUlarUpa ahiMsA hai jo jainadharma sAdhanA aura sAhitya kA prANatatva hai jo zrI mahAvIra kA amara prANatva saMdeza hai| jaise aNu se sUkSmatara aura AkAza se vistRta kucha nahIM hai usI prakAra ahiMsA se sUkSma aura vistRta koI darzana nahIM hai| karuNA aura maitrI-bhAva se bar3hakara koI zubhaciMtaka nahIM hai| kSamA, dayA, sarvadharma sadbhAva Aja kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa sAmAjika dAyitva hai, sahaastitva kA AdhAra hai| joindu Adi jaina marmI sAdhakoM aura kaviyoM kI isa vicAra-bhAva jyoti ke sivA Aja ke jIvana kI rakSA ke lie dUsarA cArA nahIM hai| 1. kAmAyanI, jayazaMkara 'prasAda', nirveda sarga, pR. 216 / 2. kAmAyanI, jayazaMkara 'prasAda', ir3A sarga, pR. 157 / 3. kAmAyanI, jayazaMkara prasAda', ir3A sarga, pR. 159 / 4. vizva-mAnavatA kI ora, ravIndranAtha ThAkura, anuvAdaka - ilAcandra jozI, pR. 92 / 5. hindI sAhitya, udbhava aura vikAsa, DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 15, 16 / 6. kAmAyanI, jayazaMkara 'prasAda', darzana, pR. 244 / 7. paramAtmaprakAza, DaoN. AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, inTroDakzana, pR. 75 / 8. hindI sAhitya, udbhava aura vikAsa, DaoN. ha. pra. dvivedI, pR. 22 / 9. hindI kAvyadhArA, paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pR. 2401 10. paramAtmaprakAza va yogasAra cayanikA, DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI, prastAvanA, pR. 8 / 11. paramAtmaprakAza va yogasAra cayanikA, DaoN. kamalacaMda sogANI, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 18981 12. madhyakAlIna dharma-sAdhanA, DaoN. ha. pra. dvivedI, pR. 10 / 13. madhyakAlIna dharma-sAdhanA, DaoN. ha. pra. dvivedI, pR. 121 14. paramAtmaprakAza, 1-123 /

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 15. paramAtmaprakAza va yogasAra cayanikA, DaoN. kamalacaMda sogANI, chaMda saM. 35, pR. 15 / 16. hindI kAvyadhArA, paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pR. 2421 17. vahI; pR. 2441 18. hajArIprasAda dvivedI graMthAvalI - 7, pR. 157 / 19. hajArIprasAda dvivedI graMthAvalI - 7, pR. 158 / 20. draSTavya, paramAtmaprakAza va yogasAra cayanikA, DaoN. kamalacaMda sogANI, prstaavnaa| 21. paramAtmaprakAza 2, 701 22. paramAtmaprakAza 1, 119 / 23. paramAtmaprakAza 2, 721 24. "zakti ke vidyutkaNa, jo vyasta vikala bikhare haiM, ho nirupaay| samanvaya usakA kare samasta vijayinI mAnavatA ho jaay||". - - kAmAyanI, jayazaMkara prasAda', zraddhA srg| 25. paramAtmaprakAza 1, 123 (2) / 26. paramAtmaprakAza 2, 159 / / 27. hindI kAvyadhArA, paM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pR. 248, chaM. saM. 282, 283 / / 28. lahara, jayazaMkara 'prsaad'| 29. yogasAra, hindI kAvyadhArA, pR. 252, I. saM. 105, 106 / hindI vibhAga kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI

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16 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 haMsAvali-pakkha-samulhasanti hesanta - turaGgama - vAhaNeNa / pariyariu rAmu Niya-sAhaNeNa // 1 // NaM disa-gau lIla' payaI dentu / taM desu parAiu pAriyattu // 2 // aNNu vi thovantaru jAi jAma / gambhIra mahANai diTTha tAma // 3 // parihaccha - maccha - pucchucchalanti / pheNAvali-toya-tusAra denti // 4 // kAraNDa - Dimbha - Dumbhiya - saroha / vara-kamala-karamviya-jalapaoha // 5 // haMsAvali - pakkha - samulhasanti / kallola-vola-Avatta dinti // 6 // sohai vahu-vaNagaya - jUha - sahiya / DiNDIra-piNDa darisanti ahiya // 7 // ucchalai thalai paDikhalai dhAi~ / malhanti mahAgaya-lIlaNAi~ // 8 // ghattA - ohara-mayara-raudda sA sari NayaNa-kaDakkhiya / duttara-duppaisAra NaM duggai duppekkhiya // 9 // - paumacariu 23.13 - jisakA azvavAhana hinahinA rahA hai, aise apane sainya se ghire hue rAma mAno diggaja kI taraha lIlApUrvaka paira rakhate hue usa pAriyAtra deza phuNce| aura bhI jaise vaha thor3I dUra jAte haiM ki vaise hI unheM gambhIra mahAnadI dikhAI dI, vegazIla matsyoM kI pU~choM se uchalatI huI, phenAvali ke jalakaNoM ko detI huI, haMsa-zizuoM ke dvArA kATe gaye kamaloM se yukta, varakamaloM se vyApta jalasamUhavAlI haMsAvalI ke paMkhoM se samullasita, laharasamUha ke AvartI ko detI huI, vanagajoM ke samUha se sahita tathA pracura phena-samUha ko dikhAtI huI vaha zobhita hotI hai, uchalatI hai, mur3atI hai, pratiskhalita hotI hai, daur3atI hai aura mahAgaja kI lIlA se prasannatApUrvaka calatI hai| ulaTe hue magaroM se bhayaMkara netroM se kaTAkSa karatI huI aisI dikhAI dI mAno atyanta kaThina pravezavAlI dudarzanIya durgati ho // 1-9 // - anu. DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 janavarI-julAI-1993 17 AdikAlIna hindI : bhASika saMvedanA kA nava dharAtala ___ aura abdula rahamAna - DaoN. rAjamaNi zarmA iliyaTa ne racanA kI zreSThatA ke lie bhoktA aura racayitA ke alagAva kI zarta Avazyaka mAnI hai| kintu kedAranAtha siMha ThIka isake viparIta bAta karate haiM mujhe kahIM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai kisI bhI dizA se kisI mor3a para kisI bhI bhASA ke ajJAta zabdakoza meM, 11 tAtparya yaha ki racanAkAra aura racanA kA tAdAtmya Avazyaka hai| satya to yaha hai ki yaha tAdAtmya bhAratIya racanA-prakriyA kI pahacAna hai| vyAsa, vAlmIki sarahapA, kaNhapA, abdula rahamAna, candavaradAyI, kabIra, sUra, tulasI, bhAratendu, paMta, prasAda, nirAlA, mahAdeva, premacaMda, 'ajJeya, hajArIprasAda dvivedI, dharmavIra bhAratI, jainendra, nareza mehatA, zamazera, trilocana, nAgArjuna, raghuvIra sahAya, kedAranAtha agravAla, muktibodha, dhUmila, jagUr3I Adi racayitA bhI haiM aura caritra bhii| vastutaH racayitA aura caritra kI ekarUpatA hI hindI sAhitya aura usakI bhASA kI zakti hai| yaha zakti paramparA ke anupAlana se nahIM apitu usake prati vidroha kA bhAva mukhara karane se upajI hai| yaha vidroha kahIM eka jagaha nahIM apitu vaha gahare paiThI mAnasikatA kI dena hai| aura

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 yaha dena aMtarvirodhoM kI upaja hai| AcArya zukla aMtarvirodhoM kA mUla guNa viruddhoM kA sAmaMjasya svIkAra karate haiN| 'tarAnA-e-hindI' ke gAyaka, apane ko 'hindI' kahanevAle aura apane vatana ko 'hindustAna' mAnanevAle prasiddha zAyara aura manISI ikabAla kAlakrama meM pAkistAna kI yojanA ke AraMbhika prastAvakoM meM hue| yaha itihAsa ke atyaMta rocaka aura karuNa aMtarvirodhoM meM se eka hai| isake bAvajUda bhI na to hindI aura na hI hindustAna kI hastI mittii| nizcaya hI yaha mahatvapUrNa aura vicAraNIya pahalU hai| aura yaha pahalU hI hindU mAnasikatA kI vaha zakti hai jo aneka aMtarvirodhoM ko apane meM samAe hai| merI apanI dRSTi se hindU mAnasikatA ne yaha zakti isalie arjita kI ki vaha kisI dharma graMtha vizeSa aura vyaktitva vizeSa para anivAryataH AsthA rakhane kA Adeza nahIM detaa| bhArata, usa bhArata meM jisameM hindU rahate haiM kabhI vaidika dharma kA bolabAlA thA aura kabhI bauddha kA, kabhI jaina kA, kabhI yogiyoM aura siddhoM kI AsthA-paramparA ne janma liyaa| aura Age calakara musalamAna dharma ke AghAtoM se vaha pIr3ita huA para ina sabake capeTe meM par3akara bhI vaha caritra vizeSa ke prati AsthAvAna nahIM huA aura sabase bar3I vizeSatA usakI yaha ki vaha ina jhaMjhAvAtoM ko sahakara unameM se acchAI ko grahaNakara apane svarUpa ko banAe rakhane meM saphala rhaa| isakA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki yahA~ dharma saMsthAgata nahIM banA varan vaha eka AMtarika jijIviSA kA rUpa ho gayA, vaha eka aisI hastI banA hai, niraMtara banatA rahA hai jo yUnAna, mizra aura roma ke miTane para bhI barAbara banA rahatA hai| isa dharma vyavasthA ke pIche sUkSma advaita darzana kI bhAvanA aura jar3I-bhUta jAti-vyavasthA kA sahaastitva kAragara hai, hindU mAnasa ke aMtarvirodhoM ke mUla meM yahI do chora khAda-pAnI kA kArya kara rahe haiN| sampUrNa yathArtha eka brahma sattA kI hI vividha rUpA abhivyakti hai, yaha viziSTatA anyatra anupalabdha hai| aura jAti prathA kA sthUla rUpa janma para AdhArita jAti ke mUla artha meM ho aisA kahIM nahIM milegaa| jAtiyoM kA jAla aura vargIkaraNa itanA pUrNa aura vyavasthita hai ki chaMdazAstra kA prastAra yAda A jAtA hai| hindU samAja meM nIce se nIce samajhI jAnevAlI jAti bhI apane se nIcI aura eka jAti DhU~r3ha letI hai| yaha vyaMgya nahIM vyAvahArika saca hai|' ekatva kA rUpa parama advaita meM aura vividhatA kI bahAra jAti prathA meM, ye donoM chora hindU vyavasthA meM bar3e itaminAna ke sAtha samAe hue haiN| apane ciMtana meM hI nahIM apanI racanA prakriyA meM bhI hindU mAnasa isI prakAra ke choroM ko darzAtA hai| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata apanI parikalpanA meM eka dUsare ke virodhI haiN| eka Adarza kI carama gAthA hai to dUsarA yathArtha kA nagna ruup| donoM kA DhA~cA bhAiyoM ke saMbaMdha para AdhArita hai aura ina racanAoM meM hindU mAnasa ke carama aMtarvirodhoM kA rUpa dharma, darzana aura jAtIyatA kA pUrA vistAra samA gayA hai| hindU mAnasa ke anusAra dharma vaha hai jo ina aMtarvirodhoM ko dhAraNa karane kI sAmarthya rakhatA ho| vaha ullekha taba hai jaba usase jIvana ke aMtarvirodhoM ko dhAraNa karane kI apekSA rakhI jaae| apanI isI sAmarthya ke kAraNa hindU mAnasa ne aneka dharmoM ke AkramaNa-pratyAkramaNa sahe / cAhe bauddha ho yA jaina yA islAma ho athavA IsAI, vaha sabhI ko apane meM AtmasAta karatA rhaa| usakI acchAiyoM ko grahaNa kara apanA rUpa yugAnukUla parivartita karatA rhaa| phalasvarUpa ina virodhoM aura unakI samarasatA ke bIca se isa

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 19 deza ke dArzanikoM aura manISiyoM ne jIvana kI eka samagra, samRddha aura sampUrNa prastAvanA prastuta karanI caahii| yahI hindU saMskRti aura dharma kA mUla caritra hai| ___ AThavIM zatI ke aMta se hindI sAhitya ke bIja aMkurita dikhAI dete haiN| aura isa aMkuraNa ke sAtha-sAtha abhUtapUrva rAjanItika aura dhArmika ghaTanAeM bhI ghaTatI haiN| hindI sAhitya ke zurUAta ke pUrva hindU dharma grantha, manu aura yAjJavalkya kI smRtiyA~, sUryAdi pA~coM siddhAnta grantha, caraka aura suzruta kI saMhitAeM, nyAyAdi chahoM darzana, sUtra, prasiddha purANa, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ke vartamAna rUpa, nATyazAstra, pataMjali kA mahAbhASya Adi kI racanA IsavI san ke do-DhAI sau varSa idhara-udhara kI mAnI jAtI hai, para inheM aprAmANika to nahIM mAnA jaataa| nizcaya hI inakA pracAra-prasAra kAphI lambe arse taka hotA rahA hai| inhIM kA phala hai ki azvaghoSa, kAlidAsa, varAha mihira, kumArila, zaMkara Adi saMskRta ke anamola ratnoM ne bhAratIya vicAradhArA ko abhinava samRddhi se samRddha kiyaa| yaha samRddhi hindI sAhitya ko pramANita kie binA kaise raha sakatI hai| sAtavIM zatI taka bauddha dharma kA prAbalya thA, para sabhI janatA bauddha dharmAnulaMbI nahIM thii| satya to yaha hai ki loka ke sAmAjika jIvana para isakA prabhutva kama thaa| ve bauddha saMnyAsiyoM kA sammAna avazya karate the aura tadnurUpa apane loka-paraloka ke viSaya meM socate the| Aja bhI bhAratIya gRhastha paraspara virodhI matoM ke mAnanevAle sAdhuoM kI tathA bhinna-bhinna sampradAya ke bhinna-bhinna prakRti ke devatAoM kI pUjA karatA hai| Aja bhI vaha mannata ke lie maMdira bhI jAtA hai aura majAra para bhI jAtA hai| maThoM ke saMnyAsiyoM se duA letA hai, maulaviyoM ke taMtramaMtra kA prayoga karatA hai| jyotiSiyoM ke batAe upAya bhI karatA hai| zaMkarAcArya ke tatvavAda kI pRSThabhUmi meM bauddha tatvavAda apanA rUpa badala kara raha gyaa| bauddha maThoM ne zaiva maThoM kA rUpa liyA aura Aja bhI ina maThoM ke mahaMtoM kI pUjA hotI hai| isI kAla meM bauddha dharma kI tAMtrika sAdhanA, mAraNa, mohana, vazIkaraNa aura uccATana jaisI rahasyapUrNa vidhAoM kA bhI janasAmAnya meM prabhAva phailaa| musalamAnI AkramaNa se samAna rUpa se trasta paurANika dharma isalie baca gayA ki usakA saMbaMdha una dinoM ke samAja se thA aura bauddha dharma isalie naSTa huA ki usakA saMbaMdha bihAroM se thaa| navIM aura dazavIM zatI meM zaiva aura bauddha sAdhanA ke sammizraNa se nAtha-paMthI yogiyoM ke sampradAya kA abhyudaya huaa| yaha sampradAya kAlakrama meM hindI bhASI jana-samudAya ko bahuta dUra taka prabhAvita kara sakA thaa| kabIra, sUra, jAyasI kI racanAeM isakI tatyugIna zakti-sAmarthya aura prabhAva ko AtmasAta kie hue haiN| "san 1324 meM tirahuta kA eka rAjA musalamAnoM se khader3A jAkara nepAla pahu~cA, vaha apane sAtha aneka paMDitoM aura graMthoM ko bhI letA gyaa| isake dvArA brAhmaNa dharma kA jo bIjAropaNa huA vaha Age calakara vikAzasIla siddha huaa| paravartI rAjA jayasthiti ne inhIM brAhmaNoM kI sahAyatA se samAja kA punaH saMgaThana kiyaa|''2 nepAla ke gorakhA logoM ne apane prAcIna dharma ko phira se grahaNa kiyA, kintu nevArI bauddha hI rahe / para nepAla meM bauddha aura hindU dharma meM zatru-dRSTi nahIM rhii| vahA~ buddha ziva hI mAne gaye / nepAlI bauddhoM kA svayaM kA purANa pazupatinAtha kI pUjA ko hI buddha kI pUjA mAnatA hai| saMbhavataH kAzI aura magadha ke prAMtoM meM bhI aMtima dinoM meM bauddha aura paurANika dharmoM kA pArasparika saMbaMdha rahA hai|

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 ddha dharma kI eka zAkhA mahAyAna IsavI san ke Arambha se hI lokamata kI pradhAnatA svIkAra karatI gii| yaha avasthA sabhI sampradAyoM, zAstroM aura matoM kI huI aura jJAnI, paMDita apane U~ce Asana se utarakara apanI asalI pratiSThAbhUmi-lokamata kI ora Ane lge| yaha pariNati atyaMta svAbhAvika rahI aura isI svAbhAvika pariNati kA mUrta pratIka hindI sAhitya hai / eka bAta aura, mahAyAna sAmAjika AcAra-vicAroM kA merudaNDa nahIM hai / merudaNDa to smArtta vicAra hI hai| yaha alaga bAta hai ki mahAyAna kI katipaya mAnyatAe~, yathA sarvakalyANa bhAvanA, satkarma, jagata kI nazvaratA, karmakANDa kI bahulatA, maMtra-taMtra meM vizvAsa, mAnavIyatA, sahajatA aura samanvayamUlakatA, karuNA Adi uttara bhArata ke hindU dharma meM raha gayIM, para dhyAna se dekhA jAya to ye tatva paurANika dharmoM meM bhI vidyAmAna rahe / yahA~ taka ki "sUra aura tulasI kI avatAravAda kI bhAvanA, prAcIna zAstrAnumodita hote hue bhI mahAyAniyoM kI dena hai| isIlie griyarsana, keneDI ko usameM IsAIyata kA asara dikhAI detA hai|' 13 20 - yadyapi yaha satya hai ki prArambha meM saMskRta ke prabhAva ke kAraNa isa kAla ke paMDita pratyakSa jIvana yA loka-jIvana se dUra haTa rahe the jabaki bauddha dharma loka-jIvana meM ghula milakara lokadharma kA rUpa grahaNa kara rahA thaa| para yaha alagAva usa samaya samApta ho gayA jaba bauddha dharma hrAsa kI sthiti meM A gyaa| aneka bauddha dharmAnuyAyI brAhmaNa dharma meM A ge| ve apane sAtha vrata, pUjA, pArvaNa Adi bhI le aae| isa prakAra paMDita - anumodita dharma aura zAstra bhI loka ke pakSadhara bane / - -- phalasvarUpa, nizcaya hI lokamata kI yaha pradhAnatA usa saMskRta bhASA meM pUrI taraha abhivyakta nahIM ho sakatI thI jo jana sAdhAraNa yA loka se alaga thI aura jise adhikAMza loga samajha nahIM sakate the| tadyugIna loka ko abhivyakta karane ke lie usI loka kI bhASA kI AvazyakatA thI / bhASA ke badalAva kI yaha prakriyA pahale-pahala nahIM thI balki isake pahale svayaM saMskRta meM - vaidika aura laukika saMskRta nAma se badalAva A cukA thA / saMskRta ko chor3akara pAli bhASA bhI vikasita ho cukI thI aura isI krama meM prAkRta kA astitva asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa prakriyA kA agalA kadama apabhraMza hai| vastutaH kAvya, sAmAjika saMvedanA kA vaiyaktika saMvedanA meM tirodhAna hai| yaha vaiyaktika saMvedanA - racanAkAra vizeSa kI eka vizeSa kI, usa samAja kI viziSTa bhASA kI, jisakI saMvedanA ko abhivyakti pradAna karanI hai - bhASA kI anuvarttinI hotI hai / vaha usI kI bhASA meM abhivyakta ho sakatI hai| isalie hara kAla kA racanAkAra vizeSakara parivartanazIla yuga kA racanAkAra usa yuga, usa samAja kI bhASA kA saMdhAna karatA hai / gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke saMbaMdha meM prasiddha eka kathA hamArI bAta aura spaSTa kara jAegI / gosvAmIjI pahale saMskRta meM racanA karate the, dina bhara jo likhate the rAta ko saba sApha ho jAtA thA savere kevala kore panne bacate the / tulasIdAsa parezAna / jaba bahuta parezAna ho gae to unhoMne apane devatAoM kA smaraNa kiyaa| eka dina svapna meM unheM zaMkara kA sAkSAta huaa| unhoMne batAyA ki saMskRta meM nahIM bhASA meM likho / taba yaha akSuNNa hogaa| bhASA meM likhA mAnasa Aja taka hamAre-Apake bIca vidyamAna hai aura ise jana-sAdhAraNa se lekara vidvata samAja taka ne apane gale kA kaNThahAra bnaayaa| isa kathA se eka Azaya nikalatA hai ki lokapriyatA prApti ke lie

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 21 racanAkAra kA yaha dAyitva hotA hai ki vaha lokabhASA kA saMdhAna kre| uparyukta paristhitiyoM, sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika sthitiyoM meM, jaba kAvyavastu jana-sAdhAraNa kI ora unmukha thI, taba janasAdhAraNa kI bhASA ke saMdhAna kI apekSA thii| svayaMbhU aura puSpadaMta apanI bhASA ko dezI bhASA ghoSita karate haiN| vidyAdhara lokabhASA ke paMDita haiM aura dAmodara paMDita lokabhASA se paricaya karAne ke lie ukti vyakti prakaraNa kI racanA karate haiN| ina racanAkAroM ke sAtha vidyApati ke udghoSa ko bhI rakhakara parakhA jAya to dezI aura lokabhASA kA svarUpa spaSTa ho jaaegaa| hindI kA saMdhAna yahIM isI saMdarbha meM huaa| usa hindI kA jo janasAdhAraNa kI kathA kI abhivyakti kA sAmarthya rakhatI thI, usa hindI ko Apa cAheM to apabhraMza meM bhI dekha sakate haiN| vaise rAhulajI to apabhraMza ko hindI se bhI kahIM adhika hindI bhASA mAnate haiM aura dvivedIjI apabhraMza sAhitya ko hindI kA mUlarUpa aura prANadhArA svIkAra karate haiN| cAhe to avahaTTa ko usakA purAnA rUpa mAna sakate haiM aura na mAne to kabIra se use svIkAra karanA hI pdd'egaa| para sarahapA, kaNhapA, muMja, hemacandra aura abdula rahamAna ke nimnalikhita aMza kyA hindI kI DugaDugI nahIM pITa rahe haiM - jahi maNa pavaNa na sNcri| ravi zazi nAha pves| tahi var3ha citta visAma karu saraheM kahia ues| - sarahapA (769 I.) jimi loNa vilijjai pANieNhi timi gharaNI lai citta samarasa jAI takkhaNe jai puNu te sama nnitt| - kaNhapA (820 I.) bAMha vichor3avi jAhi tuhu~ hau~ tevai~ ko dosu| hiayaTThiu jai NIsarai, jANau~ muMja srosu|| x isa gaja kA sAmanA kA ki kAra kA jA mati pacchai sampajai, sA mati pahilI hoi| muMja bhaNai muNAlavai, vighana na veDhai koi|| - muMja bhallA huA jo mAriA, vahiNi mhArA kNtu| lajjejjantu vayaM siyahu, jai bhaggu gharu eNtu|| -hemacandra ( 12vIM zatI) saMdesaDau savittharau para mai kahaNa Na jaai| jo kANaMguli mUMdaDau, so vAhaDI smaai|| - abdula rahamAna (terahavIM zatI kA uttarArdha)

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke udAharaNa dvArA maiMne pahale hI kahA hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya viruddhoM kA sAmaMjasya hai| hindI bhASA isase achUtI nahIM hai / vastutaH hindI bhASA kI prakRti isI caritra se jur3I hai| bhASAoM ke lambe itihAsa meM aise bahurUpI bhASA kA astitva aura kahIM nahIM miltaa| aneka janapada meM vyavahRta aTThAraha boliyoM ke vaividhya ko, jinameM se kaI vyAkaraNika dRSTi se eka-dUsare kI virodhI vizeSatAoM se yukta kahI jA sakatI haiM, hindI bhASA bar3e sahaja bhAva se dhAraNa karatI hai| isIlie griyarsana meM jagaha-jagaha vaicArika dvaita kI bhAvanA hai - "gaMgA ke samasta kAMThe meM baMgAla aura paMjAba ke bIca apanI aneka sthAnIya boliyoM sahita kevala ekamAtra pracalita bhASA hindI hI hai|"... "isa kSetra ke loga dvibhASI haiM ataeva vyavahAra meM unheM kisI prakAra kI kaThinAI nahIM hotI aura ye loga nahIM cAhate ki zAsana-kArya ke lie aneka bhASAeM svIkAra kara kaThinAI utpanna kI jaay|" 1855 meM viliyama kere ne kahA- "isa bolI se maiM sAre hindustAna ko samajhA skuuNgaa|" bAibila ke anuvAdoM ke silasile meM kere ne hindI kSetra kI boliyoM kA gaharAI ke sAtha parIkSaNa kiyA thaa| griyarsana yaha bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki hindI kSetra kI boliyoM kI vizeSatAeM sArI Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kI vizeSatAoM ke samatulya haiM aura ina hindI boliyoM kI kendrIya bhASA madhyapradeza kI bhASA rahI hai, hamezA rahI hai| ina boliyoM ko eka nAma dene kA pahale bhI prayAsa huA - kabhI hindI, kabhI hiMdavI aura kabhI hiNduii| kintu inameM hindI hI nAma calA, Aja bhI cala rahA hai / kabIra, jAyasI, sUra, tulasI, mIrA, Alama, bhAratendu, maithilIzaraNa gupta, prasAda, nirAlA, ajJeya Adi samAna rUpa se hindI ke kavi haiN| inakI racanAoM kA itihAsa hindI saMvedanA kA itihAsa hai| bihArI boliyoM kA vyAkaraNa bhale hI baMgalA jaisA ho, para isase bihAra kI bhASika sthiti spaSTa nahIM hotii| balki isa dRSTi se bhI vicAra karanA anAvazyaka hai ki vahA~ ke nivAsI apanI kAvyabhASA arthAt apanI saMvedanA kI abhivyakti ke lie kisa bhASA kA cayana karate haiN| aura unakI yaha bhASA kabhI purAnI hindI (vidyApati) rahI aura kabhI braja athavA avadhI aura Aja khar3I bolI hai| isa dRSTi se bhI bhASA-nirNaya apekSita hai ki unakI jAtIya pAThya-racanA kauna-sI hai| mujhe yaha kahane meM saMkoca nahIM ki yaha racanA rAmacaritamAnasa hai, TheTha hindI kA, baMgalA kA nhiiN| ataH bihAra kSetra kI saMvedanA hindI kSetra se itara nahIM, phira usakI bhASA kaise itara hogI ? kAvyabhASA eka ora janabolI se zakti letI hai aura dUsarI ora use pariSkAra detI hai| hindI kAvyabhASA ne samUce bihAra kI boliyoM se zakti ko hI nahIM grahaNa kiyA apitu kathAtmaka saMvedanAeM bhI grahaNa kii| vaha samUce hindI janasamAja ko paraspara jor3ane kA kArya karatI hai| isIlie svataMtratA-Andolana ke netAoM ne hindI kA hI sahArA liyaa| samUce kSetra kI kAvyabhASA kA AdhAra hara yuga meM eka rhaa| kabhI apabhraMza -avahaTTa kA rUpa rahA aura phira braja evaM avadhI aura aba phira khar3I bolI kaa| hindI sAhitya ke Arambha para vivAda hai| para merI dRSTi meM kisI sAhitya ke Arambha kI pahacAna vahA~ kI jA sakatI hai jahA~ vaha dhArmika, karmakANDa, rUr3hivAditA aura rahasya bhAvanA se unmukta hokara lokasAmAnya kI bhAvabhUmi para pratiSThita ho rahA ho, loka-saMvedanA ko vaha apanA upajIvya banA rahA ho aura abhivyakti kA mAdhyama eka nayI bhASA ko banA rahA ho| isa

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 sImA rekhA para siddhoM-nAthoM kA sAhitya dekhA jA sakatA hai jo kabIra taka vyApta hai| nizcaya hI hindI sAhitya kI zuruAta AThavIM zatI ke Asa-pAsa mAnanI caahie| isa kAla ke siddhoMnAthoM se lekara hindI saMtoM taka ke sAhitya meM sAmAjika vidveSa para karArI coTa hai| gorakhabAnI meM svataMtra parasarga rUpa bhI hindI ke vikAsa kI kathA kaha jAte haiN| yadyapi ise caudahavIM zatI kA mAnA jAtA hai| 23 AdikAlIna hindI bhASA kA vyAkaraNika rUpa sthira karanA kaThina hai / kAvya bhASA ke vyApaka svarUpa aura saMvedanA kI aMtarprakriyA meM hI usakI vAstavika sthiti samajhI jA sakatI hai / hindI ke isa Arambhika sAhitya meM dhArmika aura aihika tatva adhika haiM / vidyApati meM aihikatA bhI hai aura dharma kA svara bhI prabala / rAso meM vIra aura zRMgAra eka-dUsare meM milate haiM / pRthvIrAja rAsoM kA prAraMbha kayamAsa- vadha se hotA hai / kayamAsa - vadha kA kAraNa usakI kAmAMdhatA hai aura svayaM pRthvIrAja ke vadha kA kAraNa bhI kAmAMdhatA hai| tabhI to ji kachu diau kayamAsa kiau appanau supaayu| dI na mAna dina pAiyai / (die hue ke barAbara hI dina (jIvana) meM milatA hai / ) - sarahapA bhI bhoga meM nirvANa aura kAyA meM tIrtha dekhate haiN| puruSa kA karmakSetra meM asaMyama, jIvana meM kaisI viSamatAeM utpanna karatA hai| isakA hI citraNa rAmAyaNa hai aura mahAbhArata hai, pRthvIrAja rAso kA bhI upajIvya yahI hai / bIsaladeva rAso meM nArI ke vANI saMbaMdhI asaMyama kA citraNa hai / rAso meM lokasAhitya ke tatvoM kA bhI samAveza hai| sarahapA, kaNhapA, muMja, hemacandra, abdula rahamAna, vidyApati kI padAvalI aura kIrtilatA, kabIra, jAyasI, sUra, tulasI meM lokajIvana kI jhA~kI dekhI jA sakatI hai| yaha bhI satya hai ki lokajIvana kI vyApakatA kA vAstavika pramANa yA to hindI ke AdikAla meM milatA hai yA Adhunika kAla I uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki janabhASA ke rUpa meM hindI AThavIM zatAbdI meM hI sAhitya kA mAdhyama bana cukI thI tathA vaha apabhraMza ke sAtha-sAtha apanI bhUmi para Age bhI bar3hane lagI thii| eka vizAla kSetra kI aneka boliyoM se usakA eka sAmAnya rUpa vikasita ho rahA thaa| anajAne hI vaha isa prakriyA dvArA pravRttigata ekatA evaM sAMskRtika ekatA kI sthApanA meM sakriya thii| saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga isI pravRtti kA paricAyaka thA / AcArya zukla bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki siddhoM kI bhASA dezI bhASA mizrita apabhraMza arthAt purAnI hindI kI kAvyabhASA hai| unhoMne bharasaka usI sarvamAnya vyApaka kAvyabhASA meM likhA jo usa samaya gujarAta, rAjapUtAne aura brajamaMDala se lekara bihAra taka likhane-par3hane kI ziSTa bhASA thii| para magadha meM rahane ke kAraNa kucha pUrvI prayoga bhI mile hue haiM aura isa bhASA kA prabhAva Age kabIra taka dikhAI detA hai| kahA kI upadeza kI bhASA purAnI TakasAlI hindI (kAvyabhASA) hai para gItoM kI purAnI bhASA purAnI bihArI yA pUrabI bolI mizrita hai| yahI bheda kabIra kI sAkhI aura ramainI kI bhASA maiM bhI hai| sakhI rAjasthAnI mizrita sadhukkar3I kI bhASA meM hai para ramainI ke padoM kI bhASA meM kAvya kI bhASA brajabhASA hai, kahIM-kahIM pUrabI bolI bhI hai| philahAla yaha prabhAva kSetrIya pradhAnatA ke kAraNa hai aura yaha prabhAva hindI bhASA ke vikAsa kI kahAnI bhI batAtA hai / .

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 satya to yaha hai ki 'vikramorvazIya' (kAlidAsa) ke caturtha aMka meM samAhita nimnalikhita dohA hindI kAvyabhASA ke prArambha ko AThavIM zatI ke pUrva bhI khIMca le jAtA hai - mai~ jANiu~ milouNI Nisiaru koi harei / jAva Nu NavatalisAmala dhArAharu varisei // 24 AcArya dvivedI ne dohA apabhraMza kA mukhya chanda mAnA / yaha chanda janabhASA kI dena hai| isalie ise hindI kA mukhya mAnanA caahie| kyoMki apabhraMza ke sAhityika bhASA bana jAne ke sAtha-sAtha usake samAnAMtara janabhASA ke rUpa meM hindI bhASA kA hI vikAsa huaa| isIlie AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya meM dohA - chanda hindI bhASA kA sabase prabala mAdhyama rahA hai| svacchanda anubhUtiyoM ke citraNa ke lie adhikAMza hindI kaviyoM ne isI chanda ko cunaa| isa chanda kI paramparA bhaktikAla aura rItikAla se hotI huI Adhunika kAla taka calI AyI hai / tuka milAne kI paddhati kA janmadAtA bhI yahI chanda vizeSa hai| bhale hI yaha apabhraMza kI pravRtti rahI ho, para janabhASA kI vastu hone ke kAraNa hindI meM bhI ise sthAna milaa| apabhraMza ke arilla chanda ke sthAna para hindI meM caupAI kA prayoga bddh'aa| jAyasI aura tulasI ne isa saMbaMdha meM Adi kAla kA RNa svIkAra kiyA hai| vastutaH yaha kathAkAvya kA chanda hai| caupAI ke sAtha dohA rakhakara kaDavaka banAne kI siddhoM kI prathA ko bhI ina kaviyoM ne usI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA / AdikAlIna sAhitya kI bhASA kaThinatA se saralatA kI ora jAtI huI bhI eka vyApaka rUpa grahaNa karane kI ora bar3ha rahI thii| AdikAlIna hindI kA saMskRta aura saMskRti kI ora jAnevAlA vyApaka janabhASAyI svarUpa paryApta sampreSaNIya thA / ghise-piTe dhArmika arthoM ko vahana karanevAle zabdoM kI khoja meM ye kavi tallIna the| tatkAlIna jIvana kI bhAva-bhUmi se saMpRkta zabdAvalI meM abhivyaMjanA - zakti bar3ha rahI thii| siddhoM kI jIvana-dRSTi tathA spaSTavAditA, nAthapaMthiyoM kA haThayoga, jainoM kI ahiMsA, cAraNoM kI prazastiyA~, khusaro kI lokAnuraMjanatA sabako ekasAtha abhivyakta karane kA sAmarthya juTAne meM tallIna hindI bhASA na alaMkAra kI paravAha karatI thI na lakSaNA-vyaMjanA Adi kI / isIlie isa kAla kI bhASA meM rUpabheda hone para bhI abheda hai aura sampreSaNa kSamatA meM bhI bejor3a hai / koI alaMkAra aisA nahIM jo usameM na phabatA ho, koI bhI chanda aisA nahIM jo usameM na jamatA ho| isameM jIvana ke vividha pakSoM kA svarUpa sajIva ho uThA hai| niSkarSata: AdikAlIna hindI sAhitya meM lokajIvana kA saMsparza hai| lokakathA aura grAmagItoM kI madhuratA / lokajAtiyoM kI svacchandatA aura unmuktatA hai| dhArmika jIvana kI udAttatA ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana ke sarasa pravAha kI ekatAnatA hai| svayaMbhU, puSpadaMta ke rAma, sItA, rAvaNa, vibhISaNa maMdodarI, kRSNa; dhanapAla ke bhaviSyadatta, sarUpA, baMdhudatta Adi caritra alaukika nahIM laukika haiN| ve hamAre jIvana ke satha tAdAtmya sthApita karate haiN| aura yaha tAdAtmya hI saMvedanA aura sampreSaNa kI ekatAnatA siddha karatA hai| jahA~ zabda hI kAvya bana gayA hai aura kAvya zabda /

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 25 "caudahavIM zatI taka dezI bhASA ke sAhitya para apabhraMza bhASA ke usa rUpa kA prAdhAnya rahA hai, jisameM tadbhava zabdoM kA hI ekamAtra rAjya thaa| isa bIca dhIre-dhIre tatsama-bahula rUpa prakaTa hone lagA thaa| navIM-dazavIM zatAbdI se hI bolacAla kI bhASA meM tatsama zabdoM ke praveza kA pramANa milane lagatA hai aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se to tatsama zabda nizcita rUpa se adhika mAtrA meM vyavahRta hone lge| paM.dAmodara zarmA (12vIM zatI) ke yuktivyaktiprakaraNa meM tatsama zabdoM kA bAhulya hai| majedAra bAta yaha hai ki dAmodara zarmA ne yaha racanA bhASA se paricaya karAne ke uddezya se kii| jyotirIzvara ke varNaratnAkara aura vidyApati kI kIrtilatA meM bhI tatsama zabdoM ke nizcita prayoga kA pramANa milatA hai aura kabIra, sUra, tulasI kI bhASA bhI tatsama zabdoM se bharI par3I hai| yadyapi uparyukta tInoM racanAkAroM ke pUrva bhArata - vizeSakara hindI bhASI kSetra muslima AkramaNa kI viDaMbanA ko bhoga cukA thA, para nizcaya hI saMskRta kI tatsama zabdAvalI musalamAnoM kI dena to nahIM hI hai| zAyada pratikriyAsvarUpa yaha prakriyA bar3hI aura hindI bhASA tatsamamaya ho utthii| yaha tatsama-prema kevala kacha ine-gine logoM kA prema nahIM thA apata loka-mAnasa kA prema thA, jisakI saMvedanA ko ye racanAkAra Age lekara bddh'e| sUra aura tulasI meM sAmAjika viDambanA ke prati Akroza to kama hai, para tulasI ne sAmAjika asamAnatA ko dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| inase bhI pahale Age bar3hakara kabIra ne vidroha kA jhaMDA phhraayaa| yaha vidroha aura sAmaMjasya kA prayAsa, samAja kI yathArtha sthiti kA citrAMkana nirguNa matavAdI saMtoM- kabIra, dAdU, raidAsa, nAnaka kI vANiyoM meM mukhara huaa| yaha yugIna cetanA ko bhASA dene kA saphala prayAsa hai| bhale hI hama usakA saMbaMdha bauddha ke aMtima siddhoM aura nAthapaMthI yogiyoM se jodd'eN| yaha satya hai ki ve hI pada, ve rAga-rAganiyA~, ve hI dohe, ve hI caupAiyA~ kabIra Adi ne vyavahRta kI jo ukta mata ke mAnanevAle unake pUrvavartI saMtoM ne kI thiiN| kyA bhAva, kyA bhASA, kyA alaMkAra, kyA chaMda, kyA pAribhASika zabda, sarvatra hI ve kabIra ke mArgadarzaka haiN| kabIra kI hI bhA~ti ye sAdhaka nAnA matoM kA khaNDana karate the, sahaja aura zUnya meM samAdhi lagAne ko kahate the, guru ke prati bhakti karane kA upadeza dete the kabIra aura dAdU ke aneka dohe kramazaH sarahapAda aura nAtha yogiyoM ke sIdhe anukaraNa pratIta hote haiN| yahA~ maiM anukaraNa kI bAta nahIM kara rahA hU~ apitu saMvedanA ke vikAsa aura ekatAnatA kI bAta kara rahA huuN| tatsama ke sAtha-sAtha dezaja aura tadbhava rUpa milakara eka naI bhASA ko janma de rahe the| abdula rahamAna saMvedanA ke dharAtala para to inameM agragaNI haiM, zilpa aura bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI unakA yogadAna avismaraNIya hai| ___ bArahavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa abdula rahamAna kA 'saMdeza rAsaka' hindI kAvyabhASA jagata meM eka krAMti lekara upasthita hotA hai| rAhulajI ke anusAra yaha pahale musalamAna kavi kI hindI racanA hai| samUcI racanA meM musalamAna kavi kA islAma dharma ke prati koI vizeSa Agraha najara nahIM aataa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavi hindI kAvya paraMparA ke parama jJAtA haiN| usane saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza kI kAvya-rUr3hiyoM, kAvya-paripATiyoM kA gahana adhyayana to kiyA hI thA, , vaha dezI bhASA kA mAhira prayoktA bhI rahA hai| saMdeza rAsaka kA dohA navInatA yukta to hai hI, - madhura zabdoM ke cayana aura citroM ke sUkSma se sUkSma rUpAyana meM samartha bhI hai| chaMdoM kI vividhatA, vastu kI abhivyakti zailI, vizeSakara nAyikA kA vAgvaidagdha hameM sUradAsa kI sAmarthya kI yAda

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26 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 dilAtA hai| mArmikatA, saMyama aura sahRdayatA bhI isa racanA kI zakti hai| paraMparAgata hote hue bhI unake upamAna hRdayasparzI haiN| aura ina sabase mahatvapUrNa hai racanAkAra kI svAbhAvikatA jo prabhAva sAmya upamAnoM kI khoja meM sakriya hai| abdula rahamAna apanI kavitA ke lakSya ko pahale hI spaSTa kara dete haiM - virahiNimadUraddhau suNahu visuddhaDau, rasiyaha rasasaMjIvayaroM // 22 // arthAt saMdeza rAsaka anurAgiyoM kA ratigRha, kAmiyoM kA mana haranevAlA, madana ke mAhAtmya ko prakAzita karanevAlA, virahiNiyoM ke lie makaradhvaja aura rasikoM ke lie vizuddha rasasaMjIvaka hai| ise suno - aura saMdezarAsaka kI racanAprakriyA spaSTa karate hue kavi kahatA hai - aiNehiNa bhAsiu raimaivAsiu savaNa kuliyaha abhiysro| ' lai lihai viyakkhaNu atthaha lakkhaNu suraisaMgi ju viaDDha nro||23|| arthAt saMdezarAsaka kI racanA ati snehapUrvaka kI gayI hai, yaha prema aura zRMgAra kI bhAvanAoM se paripUrNa hai karNapuToM meM amRta sarovara yA amRtamaya svara kI bhAMti sukhada laganevAlA hai| isake artha aura lakSaNoM ko vahI vicakSaNa apane bhAva meM dekha pAtA hai, hRdayaMgama kara pAtA hai jo sUkSma surati-saMga meM vidagdha hai| aura yaha viyoga, sAdhAraNa viyoga nahIM, isakA eka nayA upamAna dekheM - pANI taNai vioi kAdami hi phATai hiyu||10|| (pAnI se viyoga hone para kIcar3a kA hRdaya phaTa jAtA hai) aura to aura racanAkAra gA~va-galI kI vIthiyoM meM, sarovara meM khile nalinI ke sauMdarya ke viparIta bAr3oM meM lagI huI tUMbI yA laukI ke phUloM meM kAvya kI khoja karatA hai - tA kiM vADi vilaggA mA viasau tuMviNI khvi|| spaSTataH racanAkAra eka tarapha manuSya ke usa bhAva - zrRMgAra ko apanI racanA kA AdhAra cunatA hai jo mAnavatA ke jIvana ke aMta taka jIvita rahanevAlI hai| dUsarI tarapha vaha isa bhAva ko loka-jIvana kI sahaja sAmAnya bhAva-lahariyoM ke thaper3e meM rakhakara sajAtA-saMvAratA hai| usake lie vaha sAre saro-saMjAma zabda-cayana upamAna Adi-usI bhAva-bhUmi se cunatA hai aura unheM svAbhAvika kRtya-citra se bhara detA hai| pathika kI tIvra gati kA eka sUkSma citra dekheM - ima muddhaha vilaMvatiyaha mahi calaNehi chihNtu| ___ addhaDDINau tiNi pahiu pahi joyau pvhNtu||25|| pathika cala nahIM rahA, pRthvI chU rahA hai aura vaha AdhA ur3atA pratIta ho rahA hai, vaha havA ke samAna svayaM pravAhamAna hai, koI bhrama nhiiN| yahI nahIM pathika kI aisI sthiti se prabhAvita nAyikA use pakar3ane ke lie lapakatI hai aura lagabhaga daur3a par3atI hai| para usakI yaha daur3a kahIM nAyikA kI paribhASA gar3abar3A de, isalie racanAkAra ne nAyikA kI svAbhAvika cAla maMtharagati bhI batA dii| parakAja prayojana se usakI mAnasika dazA ko bhI usakI gati meM hue parivartana dvArA

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 utAvalI ko prastuta kara diyaa| para utAvalI meM kiyA gayA kArya hameM asta-vyasta kara detA hai| abdula rahamAna kI nAyikA hI isase kahA~ baca pAtI - taha maNahara callaMtiya caMcalaramaNa bhari; chuDavi khisiya rasaNAvali kiMkiNarava pasari // 26 // 27 aura khulI karadhanI ko jaba taka majabUta gA~Tha se bA~dhe taba taka - tuDiya tAva thUlAvali NavasarahAralaya // 27 // aura isa sthala para muktAoMvAlI hAra - latA ko TUTanA hI thA, sone meM kitanA dama, kyoMki AzA unmatta hue usake puSTa urojoM se usa hAra ko to coTa laganI hI thI, aura isa coTa se unheM chinna-bhinna honA hI thA / aura jaba vaha ina sabako yena-kena-prakAreNa ikaTThA karatI hai to usake avyavasthita cAla kA prabhAva usake nUpuroM para par3atA hai, unakI gati bhI vahI hotI hai| yahA~ taka to ThIka thA, kisI taraha vaha uThatI par3atI- rukatI - giratI Age bar3hatI hai para priyatama ko saMdeza bhejane kI abhilASA se hRdaya meM uTha rahe ucchvAsa aura gati kI vakratA, tIvratA usake sira para . se vastra haTA detI hai, bhAratIya nArI sira kholakara kaise Age bar3he, ataH vastra ThIka kara pathika ke patha kA anusaraNa karatI hai taba taka - phuDavi Nitta kuppAsa vilaggiya dara sihaNa // 28 // rezamI colI hI phaTa gayI aura stana dikhane lge| para yahA~ bhI vaha kahA~ rukanevAlI thI, isalie usane apane hAthoM se use Dhaka kara (jaise- iMdIvaroM ne apane svarNa kalazoM kA DhA~pA ho) pathika ke pAsa pahu~ca kara karuNa zabda kahatI hai aura pathika kautUhala meM par3akara na Age bar3hatA hai na pIche lauTatA hai apitu arddhacakrAkAra sthiti meM Age bar3hane ke uThe hue pairoM ke sAtha vaha nAyikA kI ora unmukha ho uThatA hai - neNiattau tA sukamadhuvi Nahu caliu // 30 // pathiqa kI isI svAbhAvika, utkaMThApUrNa sUkSma sthiti kA citra kevala abdula rahamAna hI prastuta kara sakate the| kyoMki nAyikA kA atulanIya sauMdarya, usakI tAtkAlika sthiti Adi saba kucha pathika ko acaMbhita stabdha kara dene ke lie paryApta thii| aisI sthiti meM pathika kA ThagA-sA, AkAza meM TaMgA-sA raha jAnA atyaMta svAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai| saMdezarAsaka ke ye kucha eka udAharaNa haiM, jinase racanAkAra, racanAdharmitA, usakI paraMparA, usakI kalpanA- zakti, usake prabaMdha - kauzala Adi kA AsAnI se patA laga jAtA hai| pAraMparika cayana ke viparIta vaha apane nAyaka aura nAyikA kA cayana sAmAnya-jana kI kathA-vyathA se kara apanI racanA kA AdhAra banAtA hai, aura isa racanA meM vaha apanI samUcI racanAzakti jhoMkakara amara ho jAtA hai| cAhe zabdoM kA cayana ho athavA vAkya kA saMyojana yA bhAvoM kI bharamAra yA sUkSma manovaijJAnika citra kI prastuti kA mAmalA, sabhI jagaha vaha bAjI mAra le jAtA hai| aura maiM aMta meM yahI kahU~gA ki vaha na to rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata kI kAvya-paraMparA chor3a pAtA hai aura na hI vaha yugIna cetanA ko darakinAra kara pAtA / vaha yugIna cetanA se saMyukta eka amara-beli kA phailAva hamAre bIca

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apabhraMza-bhAratI - 3-4 kara jAtA hai| usake dvArA nirmita kAvya- mAnadaNDoM ko chUne kA sAhasa kisI racanAkAra ko huA, kaha nahIM sktaa| kyoMki viraha kAvya ko binA bhakti kA Azraya lie azlIlatA se bacAkara use ucca Asana para biThA pAnA kevala abdula rahamAna ke hI vaza kI bAta rahI hai| aura yaha kAvya bhI kSaNArddha bhara kA kAvya kyoMki je aciMta kajju tasa siddhu khaNaddhi mahaMtu yaha aMtima paMkti kI parikalpanA kavi kI apanI parikalpanA mAtra nahIM apitu vaha kAvya kA anokhA AdhAra hai, vaha sahArA hai jisake dvArA racanAkAra virahI mana ke kone-kone ko jhA~ka AtA hai| aura aMta meM maiM rAhulajI ke zabdoM ko duharAte hue puna: kahU~gA ki meghadUta ke pazcAt bhAratIya sAhitya meM aura hindI meM yaha pahalA anUThA saMdeza kAvya hai| Apa cAheM to prabaMdhatva kA AnaMda leM yA cAheM to muktaka kA / 28 1. AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI granthAvalI, bhAga - 3, pRSTha 34 / 2. AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI granthAvalI, bhAga - 3, pRSTha 38 / 3. vahI, pRSTha 38 / 4. griyarsana, bhAratIya bhASA kA sarvekSaNa, bhUmikA, pRSTha 42-431 hindI vibhAga kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 janavarI-julAI-1993 20 apabhraMza kAvya meM rahasyavAda - DaoN.devakInandana zrIvAstava pratyakSa sasIma sattA ke mUla meM vidyamAna parokSa asIma parama sattA kI vismayabharI jijJAsA, anurAgaraJjita khoja evaM AnandamayI aikAntika anubhUti kI sAMketika abhivyakti hI kAvya meM rahasyavAda kI saMjJA dhAraNa karatI hai| prakRti ke nAnA gocara vyApAroM ke AvaraNa meM niyati ke aneka adbhuta AyAmoM ke avaguNThana meM guhya rUpa se jhA~katI huI sUkSma evaM divya zaktiyoM ke prati eka kutUhala aura AkarSaNa isa rahasyabhAvanA kI manovaijJAnika preraNAbhUmi hai| kSaNika evaM sAnta dRzyoM evaM tathyoM ke vaicitrya evaM vaividhya ke pIche kahIM hamArI aindriya bodhazakti kI kSamatAoM se pare eka zAzvata evaM ananta parAtpara Rtambhara satya pratiSThita hai jisake saccidAnandamaya parama srota kA AvirbhAva-tirobhAva nirantara ho rahA hai| aNu-aNu paramANuparamANu ke sAre spandana usI avAGmanasagocara vaizva aura sAtha hI vizvAtIta parama kI cidvilAsamayI lIlA ke sphuraNa haiN| isa atIndriya bhAvaloka ke parama vyoma meM saMcaraNa kI asAmAnya sAdhanA ke dvArA hI usa virATa satya kA sAkSAtkAra sambhava hai jisakI abhivyaMjanA rahasyavAda meM caritArtha hotI hai| rahasyavAda kI AdhArazilA mUlata: AdhyAtmika cetanA kI bhAvabhUmi para pratiSThita hai / yadyapi kAlAntara meM darzana, kAvya aura sAdhanA ke kSetra meM cintana aura anubhUti ke aneka navIna AyAma isa dizA meM vikasita hote rhe| vaidika RSiyoM, jaina-bauddha-zaiva-zAkta-siddhoM, santoM-bhaktoM -

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 vizeSata: vaiSNava upAsakoM kI bhAratIya paramparA, yUnAnI-romana dArzanikoM, IsAI santoM, yUropIya svacchandatAvAdI kalAkAroM kI pAzcAtya dhArA tathA IrAna- araba ke sUphI phakIroM evaM premAkhyAnakAroM kI sAjhI paramparA meM rahasyavAda ke vividha rUpoM aura staroM kA nirvAha hotA rahA hai| prAcIna RSiyoM se Adhunika sAdhakoM evaM kaviyoM taka kI vANI viziSTa deza, kAla evaM pravRtti ke anurUpa rahasyabhAvanA se anuprANita rahI hai| vaidika vAGmaya ke "kasmai devAya haviSA vidheya?" (kisa deva ke prati havi dvArA ArAdhana kareM ?) jaise mantra - vAkyoM se lekara Adhunika kavayitrI kI 'kauna tuma mere hRdaya meM ?' jaise pragItAtmaka udgAroM taka meM rahasyavAda kA bhAvAtmaka svara mukhara rahA hai 1 30 rahasyavAda kI mUla cetanA AdhyAtmika rahI hai aura usakI pramukha bhAvanA rAgAtmaka / usa carama lakSya parama sattA se tAdAtmya rahA hai aura usakA sahaja mAdhyama hRdaya kA prematattvaM / rahasyavAda kA vikAsa darzana, sAdhanA aura kAvya ke vividha staroM para bahumukhI dhArAoM meM pravAhita huA hai para usake do rUpa bhAratIya vAGmaya meM prabala rahe haiM - (1) sAdhanAtmaka rahasyavAda aura (2) bhAvanAtmaka rahasyavAda / prathama kI pravRtti jJAnaparaka adhyAtma-sAdhanA kI gUr3ha evaM atIndriya sambodhi meM pratiSThita rahI hai aura dUsare rUpa kI saMcaraNabhUmi mukhyataH premaparaka bhaktibhAvanA kI sarasa evaM saundaryamaya sAkSAtkAramayI anubhUti meM ramatI rahI hai| apabhraMza kAvya meM abhivyakta rahasyavAda kI dhArA mUlata: sAdhanAtmaka hai jisameM guhya evaM sUkSma saMbodhiparaka saMsiddhiyoM kA sAMketika udghATana huA hai| bhAvanAtmaka rahasyavAda kA svarUpa vizeSataH vaiSNava santoM- bhaktoM, sUphI premAkhyAnakAroM tathA svacchanda prema ke marmI gAyakoM kI vANiyoM meM ujAgara huA hai| apabhraMza kAvyadhArA ke adhikAMza kavi nairAtmyavAdI jaina sAdhu, bauddha siddha evaM zAkta tantra-sAdhanA se prabhAvita rahe haiM ataH unameM bhAvanAtmaka rahasyavAda kA svara nagaNya rhaa| apabhraMza kAvya meM rahasyavAda kI abhivyakti kI mUla preraNA jaina muniyoM kI zAnta rasamayI dhyAna-dazA tathA bauddha siddhoM kI anUThI mAdanamayI 'mahAsukhAnubhUti' se anuprANita hai| jaina apabhraMza kAvya meM rahasyavAda kA svara adhikAMzataH bodhaparaka rahA hai aura bauddha siddhoM kI vANiyoM meM sahajAnandaparaka jisakI anubhUti aneka aTapaTe bimboM evaM pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se abhivyaMjita huI hai / isIlie apabhraMza ke jaina kaviyoM kI rahasyabhAvanA meM AdhyAtmika sandeza kI pravRtti rahI hai aura bauddha siddha kaviyoM ke rahasyavAda meM lokottara aikAntika sahajAnandAnubhUti ke uddAma unmeSa kI / apabhraMza kI rahasyavAdI kAvyadhArA kI eka maulika vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki usameM santoM, sUphiyoM evaM vaiSNavoM ke rahasyavAda vyApta prema-viraha-vedanA kI chApa nahIM hai| loka ke prati virAga evaM udAsInatA kA svara bhI usameM mukhara nhiiN| eka prakAra ke sAmarasya kI sahajAnubhUti unakI vANI meM gU~jatI rahI hai jisameM Arta viyogI kI pukAra nahIM varan sahajayogI kI phakkar3apanabharI ' mastI kA Alama' vidyamAna hai| jaina kaviyoM kI santulita anAsakti pravRtti ke kAraNa unameM isa prakAra kI mastI kI pragAr3hatA virala evaM nagaNya hai / avAGmanasagocara paramaprajJAmayI mahAsukhAnubhUti ke asIma vyoma meM saMcaraNa karanevAle bauddha siddhoM kI yaha adbhuta

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 AtmavizvAsamayI aura sammAdanamayI madhumatI bhAvabhUmi ne hI aneka paravartI nirguNiyA santoM kI tIvra AdhyAtmika cetanA ko parokSa athavA pratyakSa rUpa meM prerita evaM prabhAvita kiyA hai| apanI rahasyamayI anubhUtiyoM ko gopanIyatA evaM ramaNIyatA pradAna karate hue ina apabhraMza kaviyoM ne unheM aneka aTapaTe evaM Azcaryajanaka bimboM evaM pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta kiyA hai jisase yatra-tatra unakI vANI saMzliSTa evaM gUr3hArthaparaka ho gaI hai| jaina apabhraMza kAvyadhArA meM rahasyavAda kA puTa jina kRtiyoM meM vizeSa rUpa meM vartamAna hai unameM muni rAmasiMhakRta 'pAhuDa dohA', joindu ( yogIndra) kI 'paramAtma prakAza' aura 'yogasAra', suprabhAcArya kI 'vairAgyasAra' aura mahArNAndi kI 'AnandA' pramukha rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| 'pAhuDa dohA' kI rahasyAtmaka uktiyA~ adhyAtma cintana se paripUrNa haiM jinameM AtmAnubhUti kI ramaNIyatA aura citta kI tanmayatA kI mArmika abhivyaMjanA huI hai / kavi kI dRSTi meM AtmalInatA hI vAstavika pUjA hai - maNu miliyau paramesaraho paramesara ji maNassa / viNi vi samarasi hui rahiya, puMja caDAvaDaM kassA // ' mUr3hA jovai devalaI loyahiM jAI kiyAI / deha Na picchai appaNiya jahiM siu saMtu ThiyAI // 31 'mana paramezvara meM mila gayA hai aura paramezvara mana meN| donoM hI samarasa ho rahe haiM phira kisakI pUjA karU~ ?' mUrkha loga vAhya devAlaya dekhate haiM para deha mandira ko nahIM pahacAnate jahA~ zAnta ziva sthita haiM / " - anyatra kavi apanI saguNa sattA kI nArI rUpa meM bhAvanA karate hue 'nirguNa' priyatama se sammilana kI lAlasA kA saMketa karatA hai hau~ saguNI piu NigguNau, pilAkkhaNa NI saMgu / ekahiM aMgi vasaMtayaha miliu Na aMgahiM aMgu // 3 'joindu' kA anubhava hai ki jJAnI ke nirmala mana meM anAdi deva nivAsa karate haiM jaise sarovara meM haMsa lIna rahate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM akSaya jJAnamaya niraMjana ziva na to devAlaya meM; na zilA meM, na lepa meM, na citra meM - ve to samacitta arthAt samarasatA meM sthita rahate haiM - Niya-maNi Nimmali NANiyaha~, Nivasai deu aNAi / haMsA saravari lINu jima, mahu ehau paDihAi // deu deu deule vi silae~, Navi lippar3a Navi citti / akhau NiraMjaNu NANamau, siu saMThiu sama citti // 1 anyatra ve kahate haiM ki jo paramAtmA, paramapada, hari-hara - brahmA buddha haiM ve hI paramaprakAzamaya vizuddha jinadeva haiM, isa prakAra jinadeva ko parama deva mAnate hue unase anya ArAdhyoM kA tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA gayA hai

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32 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 jo paramappau parama-pau hari-hara-baMbhuvi buddh| parama-payAsu bhaNaMti muNi, so jiNa-deu vishuddh| AtmA aura paramAtmA ke aikya kI anubhUti rahasyavAda kA prANatattva rahA hai, isakI AdhyAtmika anubhUti kI jhalaka kavi kI nimnalikhita ukti meM draSTavya hai - jo paramappA so ji hauM, jo haMu so prmpyu| iu jANe viNu joiyA; aNNu ma karahu viyppu||' sabhI devoM ke prati kavi kI samAna zraddhA hai, sabhI paramadeva ke rUpa haiM - so siu saMkaru viNhu so; so rudda vi so buddh| so jiNu Isaru baMbhu so, so aNaMtu so siddh| vahI ziva-zaMkara, vahI viSNu, vahI rudra, vahI buddha, vahI jina, vahI Izvara, vahI brahma, vahI ananta aura vahI siddha ke nAma se abhihita hai| yaha samanvaya-bhAvanA rahasyavAdI jaina muniyoM kI vyApaka manovRtti kI paricAyaka hai| mahANaMdi kahate haiM ki deha meM sUkSmarUpa se vAsa karanevAle paramAtmA ko hari, hara, brahmA, ziva bhI nahIM jAnate, guru-kRpA se hI usakA bodha sambhava hai, sahaja samAdhi ke dvArA hI usa paramatattva kI anubhUti hotI hai - jima vaisANara kaTaDha mahi, kusumai, parimalu hoi| tihaM dehamai vasai jiva, ANaMdA, viralA bUjhai koi||' hari-hara vaMbhu vi siva kahI, maNu buddhi lakhiu Na jaahii| madhya sarIrahe so vasai, ANaMdA lIjahiM guruhiM psaaii|| so appA muNi jIva tuhuN| appahaM kari prihaaru| sahaja samAdhi hiM jANiyai ANaMdA, je jiya sAsaNi saaru||" isa prakAra jaina apabhraMza kaviyoM dvArA pratipAdita rahasyavAda meM sabhI anya sAdhanA praNAliyoM evaM mAnyatAoM ke prati udAratA hai| rUDhibaddhatA ke prati virodha hote hue bhI svara meM kaTutA kA abhAva hai| AtmA evaM paramAtmA ke aikya kI bhAvanA meM ramate hue unhoMne AdhyAtmika Ananda ko sAmarasya evaM sahajAnanda kI saMjJA dete hue sahaja samAdhi dvArA use sambhava mAnA hai| sAtha hI yatra-tatra AtmA-paramAtmA meM rAgAtmaka sambandha sthApita karane ke lie priyA-priyatama ke mAdhurya bhAva kI bhI jhalaka vidyamAna hai| deha mandira meM hI paramAtmA ke sAkSAtkAra kI dhAraNA jaina apabhraMza kAvya kI eka vyApaka vizeSatA hai jisakI preraNA aneka paravartI sUphI-santa-bhakta kaviyoM kI rahasyabhAvanA meM akSuNNa rahI hai| bauddha siddha kaviyoM kI apabhraMza kAvyadhArA meM carcita evaM abhivyakta rahasyavAda bauddhadharma kI mahAyAna zAkhA se sambandhita vajrayAna, maMtrayAna, sahajayAna tathA tAntrika zAkta-sAdhanA se aneka aMzoM meM prerita evaM prabhAvita rahA hai yadyapi unakI sahajAnabhati kI tIvratA meM apanI nijI maulika udbhAvanAoM kI svacchandatA vidyamAna hai| unakI vANiyoM meM 'mahAsukhavAda' kI

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 33 abhivyaMjanA aneka guhya bimboM aura pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se mukhara huI hai| 'caryAgItikoSa' tathA 'dohAkoSa' meM sarvaprathama ina bauddha siddha kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA saMgraha sulabha huaa| bauddha siddhoM ke rahasyamaya gItoM evaM dohoM ke saMgraha-saMkalana evaM anusaMdhAna kA zreya mukhyataH mahAmahopAdhyAya paM. haraprasAda zAstrI, DaoN. zahIdullA, DaoN. prabodhacandra bAgacI tathA mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ko hai| rAhulajI ne 'hindI kAvyadhArA' ke antargata inakI vANI ko vyavasthita paricaya-vivaraNa ke sAtha prakAzita kiyaa| tibbatI paramparA ke anusAra ina vajrayAnI siddhoM kI saMkhyA caurAsI prasiddha hai para prApta vANiyoM meM caubIsa siddhoM kI racanAe~ saMkalita haiM jinameM rahasyavAda kI dRSTi se sarahapA, zabarapA, bhusukupA, luIpA, virUpA, DombipA, dArikapA, guMDarIpA, kaNhapA tilopA aura zAntipA ityAdi ke nAma vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| apabhraMza ke siddha kaviyoM meM sarahapA prAcInatama rahasyavAdI kavi ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiM jinakI racanAoM meM mahAsukhavAda' aura sahajAnanda ke amRtarasa kI anubhUti kI bar3I mArmika abhivyaMjanA huI hai| sarahapA ne isa sahajAnanda ko anirvacanIya mAnA hai| vaha sarvathA svasaMvedya anubhUti hai - alio dhamma-mahAsuha pisi| lavaNo jimi pANIhi vilijji||2 Nau taM bAahi gusu kahai, u taM bujjhai siis| sahajAmia-rasu saala jagu, kAsu kahijai kiis||" saa-saMvittI tattaphalu, sarahApAa bhnnnti| jo maNa-goara pAviai, sa paramattha Na honti||4 sarahapA kI dRSTi meM saMyoga dvArA nirvANa aura mahAsukha kI saMsiddhi sambhava hai - 'saMbhoga'samAdhi ke mAdhyama se mahAsukhAnubhUti kI yaha dhAraNA tAntrika sAdhanA-praNAlI se prerita evaM prabhAvita hai| vastutaH unakI yaha rahasyAtmaka anubhUti bhAvAbhAvavilakSaNa avAGmanasagocara atIndriya saMcaraNabhUmi para pratiSThita hai| ve citta kI usa paramamahAsukha kI madhumatI bhUmi para vizrAma karane kA upadeza dete haiM jahA~ mana, pavana, ravi, zazi - kisI kI gati - kisI kA praveza nahIM hai - jahi maNa pavaNa Na saMcaraDa, ravi sasi NAi pves| tahi vaDha ! citta visAma karu, saraheM kahia uesa015 Ai Na anta Na majjha Nau, Nau bhava Nau nnibvaann| e~hu so paramamahAsuha, Nau para Nau appaann||" / 'kamala - kuliza' (zUnya aura karuNA ke dyotaka) ke pratIkoM dvArA sarahapA ne sahajAnanda kI ramaNa-sthiti kA sundara saMketa kiyA hai - kamala kulisa vevi majjhaThiu jo so surata vilaas| ko na ramai Naha tihuaNahi kassa Na pUraha aas||" ., bhusukupA sahajAnanda kI sthiti ko kAya aura citta se pare batAte hue nairAtmA meM 'hariNI' tathA citta meM 'hariNa' kA aura 'kAyA' meM 'vana' kA Aropa karate haiN| citta

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34 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3 rUpI hariNa ke prati nairAtmA-rUpI hariNI kA kathana hai ki tuma isa vana-kAya se dUra anyatra bhramA karo - hariNI bolai suNa hariNA toM, e vana chADi hohu bhaanto|" zabarapA kI rahasyavAdI uktiyoM meM Urdhva sahajAnanda ke parvata para unmatta 'zabara' (sAdhaka tathA 'sahaja sundarI' (nairAtmA) kA ramya rUpaka draSTavya hai - UcA UcA pAvata tahiM basai sabarI baalii| moraMgi piccha parihiNa zabarI gIvata [jri-maalii|| umata zabaro pAgala zabaro mA kara gulii-guhaaddaa| tohori Nia ghariNI nAme shj-sundrii||" guMDarIpA ke rahasyavAdI udgAroM meM yoginI ke prati uddAma surata krIr3A ke pratIka dvArA sahara mahAsukha kI mAdaka abhivyaMjanA huI hai - tiaDDA cA~pi joini de aNkvaalii| kamala-kuliza ghoMTI karahu viaalii| joini taI vinu khanahi na jiivmi| to muha cumbi kamala-rasa piivmi||20 kaNhapA ke rahasya-gItoM meM sahaja mArga kI saiddhAntika pRSThabhUmi tathA 'mahAsukha' ke rasAtmaka anubhUti kA gaharAI ke sAtha nirUpaNa huA hai| sahaja samAdhi kI nistaraNa samarasa sthiti kA varNana karate hue ve use zUnyAzUnya vilakSaNa batAte haiM - NittaraMga-sama sahaja-rUa sal-klus-virhie| pApa-puNya-rahie kuccha NAhi kANha phuTa khie|" vahiNikkAliyA suNNAsuNNa pitttth| suNNAsuNNa-veNi majjhe re var3ha! kimpi Na diTTha sahaja ekku para asthi tahi phuDa kANDa prijaanni| satthAgama dahu paDhai suNai var3ha! kimpi Na jaanni||" isa sahaja sAmarasya kI sthiti kA bodha mAtra zAstroM aura AgamoM ke paThana-zravaNa dvAra sambhava nhiiN| avadhUtI DominI (nairAtmA) ke saMga vivAha ke sAMgarUpaka ke dvArA kaNhapA ne jisa anirvacanIya mahAsukha kA anUThA citraNa kiyA hai usase unake rahasyavAda ke mAdhurya kI mArmika abhivyakti huI hai| isa sUkSma bhAvajagata ke vivAhotsava meM mana-pavana vAdya-yantra ho jAte haiM Domina vadhU ke rUpa meM svIkRta hotI hai, daheja meM anuttara dhAma kI prApti hotI hai aura aharniza usI ke sahavAsa se vaha mahAsukha meM nirantara lIna rahatA hai| sAmAnya lokajIvana ke kSetra se gRhIta aise sAMgarUpakoM ke mAdhyama se siddha kaviyoM kA apabhraMza kAvya apanI rahasyonmukha abhivyaktiyoM meM bhI janamAnasa ke nikaTa sahaja saMpreSaNIya ho uThA hai -

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 35 bhavaNibbANe paDai maaNdlaa| maNa-pavaNa-veNNi karau~ ksaalaa|| jaajaa dunduhi sadda uchlilaa| kANhe Dombi-vivAhe clilaa|| Dombi vivAhia ahAriu jaam| jautuke kia ANUtU dhaam|| ahaNisi suraa-pasaMge jaa| joiNi jAle raaNi pohaa|| Dombie~ saMge joI rtto| khaNahaiM Na chADaa shj-umtto| aise sAMketika rUpakoM kI yojanA meM jahA~ eka ora rAgAtmaka saMvedana jamAkara sahajAnanda kA AbhAsa hai vahA~ dUsarI ora nijI rahasyAtmaka anubhUtiyoM ko viziSTa marmajJa sAdhakoM ke prati hI unmIlana karane kI preraNA bhI nihita hai| yaha paramparA prAyaH sabhI guhya tAntrika sAdhanAoM tathA aikAntika mAdhuryabhAva kI upAsanAoM meM pracalita rahI hai| samagrataH apabhraMza kAvyadhArA meM pravAhita rahasyavAda aneka AdhyAtmika bhAvabhUmiyoM para jaina muniyoM, bauddha siddhoM tathA zaiva-zAkta tAntrika sAdhakoM kI zAnta rasAtmaka saMbodhi sahaja samAdhi, nairAtmya, sAmarasya evaM mahAsukha athavA sahajAnanda kI vaividhyamayI evaM vaicitryamayI abhivyakti-bhaMgimAoM se samRddha hai| prAcIna vaidika tathA vrAtya vAGmaya meM udbhUta parama satya ke parokSa evaM avyakta svarUpa ke anusaMdhAna aura sAkSAtkAra kI ceSTA hI kAlAntara meM apabhraMza kaviyoM kI aTapaTI vANiyoM meM mukhara huI hai| apanI viziSTa saMsiddhiyoM evaM saMzliSTa abhivyaMjanAoM se anuraJjita maulika udbhAvanAoM ke kAraNa apabhraMza kAvya kI rahasyavAdI dhArA bhAratIya vAGmaya kI anUThI nidhi hai| 1. pAhuDa dohA saM. 43 13. sarahapAdIya dohA saM.7 2. pAhuDa dohA saM. 180 14. sarahapAdIya dohA saM. 8 3. pAhuDa dohA saM. 100 15. dohAkoSa saM. 25 4-5. paramAtmaprakAza, 2.122/123 16. dohAkoSa saM. 27 17. dohAkoSa saM. 94 6. paramAtmaprakAza, 2.323 18. caryApada saM.8 7. paramAtmaprakAza, 2. 22 19. caryApada saM. 28 8. yogasAra 2. 105 20. caryAgIti saM.4 1. ANandA, cha. 13 21. dohAkoSa-10 10. ANandA, chaM. 18 22. dohAkoSa-11 11. ANandA, chaM. 22 23. dohAkoSa-12 12. dohAkoSa 2 24. dohAkoSa-19 prophesara hindI vibhAga, vizvabhAratI, zAntiniketana

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36 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 jA seuNa-desahA~ amiya-dhAra puNu diTTha mahANai tunggbhdd| kri-myr-mcch-ohr-rudd| ghattA - asahanteM vaNadava-pavaNa-jhaDa duush-kirnn-divaayrhoN| ___NaM sau suTTha tisAieNNa jIha pasAriya saayrhoN| x puNu diTTha pavAhiNi kinnhvnnnn| kiviNattha-pautti va mhi-nnisnnnn| puNu indnniil-knntthiy-dhrenn| dakkhaviya samuddahoM aayrenn| puNu sari bhImarahi jloh-phaar| jA seuNa-desahoM amiy-dhaar| puNu golA-Nai mnthr-pvaah| sajheNa pasAriya NAI vaah| -paumacariu 69.5-6 phira unheM tuMgabhadrA nAmaka mahAnadI milI, jo hAthiyoM, magaramaccha aura oharoM se atyanta bhayAnaka thii| vaha aisI lagatI thI, mAno saMdhyA asahya-kiraNa sUrya kI sImAntI havAoM ko sahana nahIM kara sakI aura pyAsa ke kAraNa usane sAgara kI ora apanI jIbha phailA dI ho / dharatI para bahatI huI kAle raMga kI vaha nadI aisI lagI mAno kisI kaMjUsa kI ukti ho| mAno indranIlaparvata ne AdarapUrvaka use samudra kA rAstA dikhAyA ho| apane jalasamUha ke vistAra ke sAtha vaha nadI ghUma rahI thI, vaha nadI jo seuNa deza ke lie amRta kI dhArA thii| phira unheM godAvarI nadI dikhAI dI, jo aisI lagatI thI mAno sandhyA ne apanI bA~ha phailA dI ho / - anu. DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 janavarI-julAI-1993 siddhoM ke apabhraMza sAhitya kA vivecanAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' __ AThavIM zatI se caudahavIM zatI taka siddhoM kI dIrghaparamparA milatI hai| siddha loga pahale bauddha the, bAda meM ve nAthapaMthI banakara zaiva ho ge| vastutaH zaiva aura zAkta siddhoM kI pRthak paramparA bauddha sahajayAnI aura vajrayAnI siddha paramparA meM se nikalI aura nAtha siddhoM ke nAma se prasiddha huii| bauddhadharma kI mahAyAna zAkhA kI pariNati vajrayAna, maMtrayAna, kAlacakrayAna, sahajayAna, taMtrayAna Adi ke rUpa meM huii| bauddha siddhAcAryoM ne vajrayAna Adi 'yAnoM' ke siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA ke lie apabhraMza ko bhI mAdhyama bnaayaa| isa sampradAya ke siddhoM kI jo apabhraMza racanAe~ upalabdha haiM jinakA vizeSa adhyayana evaM saMgraha paMDita haraprasAda zAstrI', sunItikumAra caTarjI', DaoN. zahIdullA', DaoN. prabodhacaMda bAgacI , DaoN. sukumAra sena', rAhula sAMkRtyAyana Adi suvijJoM ne kiyaa| ___ apabhraMza kA pUrvI dhArmika sAhitya siddha sAhitya hai| yadyapi yaha atyanta alpamAtrA meM upalabdha hai tathApi apanA viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai| isakA kSetra prAyaH prAcIna baMgAla, ur3IsA tathA bihAra hai| siddhoM kI saMkhyA caurAsI mAnI gaI hai| inameM kevala dasa pramukha haiM - (i) sarahapA (ii) zabarapA (iii) luIpA (iv) virUpA (v) dArikapA (vi) ghaMTApA (vii) jalaMdharapA (viii) DoMvipA (ix) kaNhapA (x) tilopaa| 'pA' AdarArthaka 'pAda' kA apabhraMza rUpa hai| siddhoM meM kaNhapA kA nAma vizeSa mahattva kA hai| Aja bhI nepAla meM vajrayAnI bauddha apanI rahasya pUjA ke samaya jo

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38 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 gIta gAte haiM unameM caurAsI siddhoM meM sarvAdhika kaNhapA ke hI gIta milate haiN| siddhoM meM sabase prAcIna sarahapA siddha haiN| inakA nAma sarojavana bhI prApta hotA hai| inakA samaya vinayatoSa bhaTTAcArya ne vi. saMvata 690 nizcita kiyA hai|" siddhoM dvArA praNIta racanAe~ dohe aura gIta-rUpoM meM prApta hotI haiN| siddhoM ke caryApada kula saiMtAlIsa haiN| siddhoM ke caryApada pUjA ke samaya gAe jAte the| rAhulajI ne caryA kA nevArI meM bigar3A huA rUpa cacA diyA hai| cacA ke gIta apabhraMza ke haiM aura bolanevAle athavA gAnevAle Aryetara jAti ke the| ata: vaha gItoM ko na samajhate the aura na unakA zuddha uccAraNa kara sakate the| astu unake mu~ha meM par3akara zabdoM ke uccAraNa bhI badala ge| siddha sAhitya kI sabase bar3I pravRtti rahasyAtmaka abhivyakti hai| siddhoM ne nivRtti kI pradhAnatA rakhate hue sadAcAra tathA madhyama mArga para bala dete hue kriyAtmaka rUpa meM bhoga meM hI nirvANa, kalamakuliza sAdhanA, sahajasaMyama, gurumahimA, kAyAtIrtha tathA maMtrataMtrAdi kI nirarthakatA pratipAdita kI hai| jainadarzana ne AtmA ko hI paramAtmA kA rUpa diyA hai to siddhoM ne piMDa meM hI brahmANDa ko sthApita kiyA hai| siddhoM kI racanA meM khaMDana-maMDanAtmaka pratikriyA ugrarUpa meM pAI jAtI hai| inakI vANiyA~ dvayarthaka haiM - bhogaparaka tathA nirvaannprk| paravartI janatA ne bhogaparaka artha ko hI apnaayaa| ataH paravartIyuga meM inakA prabhAva janatA para avAMchanIya pdd'aa| unakI vANiyoM kA artha samajhane ke lie vajrayAna, mahAyAna tathA yogazAstra meM prayukta zabdoM ke artha tathA unakI vyAkhyA samajhanI Avazyaka ho jAtI hai| vAmamArga evaM kaulAcAra kA sAdhAraNa jJAna bhI Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| ina sampradAyoM dvArA guhya sAdhanA evaM taMtra-maMtroM kA prabhAva par3A hai| inakI sAdhanA meM strI kA sAhacarya bhI Avazyaka thaa| ata: kAmopabhoga bhI siddhi kA aMga ThaharAyA gayA, yathA - duSkarairniyamaistItraiH sevyamAno na sidhyti| sarva kAmopabhogAMstu sevayaMzvAsu sidhyti|| (guhyasamAjataMtra, pRSTha 27) ina sabakA vyApaka pariNAma samAja ke lie Age calakara kalyANakara na huaa| isaprakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki inhoMne kAmopabhoga kI pravRtti ko hI ukasAyA aura madya, mAMsa, madirA, strI tathA maithuna kA khuleAma pracAra kiyaa| ye zabda apane dArzanika tathyoM meM sAdhanAoM ke pratIka the| madha mana kA pratIka thA, mAMsa indriyanigraha kA, madirA prema kA, strIsamAdhi yA mukti tathA maithuna usa kriyA kA pratIka thA jisase paramAnaMda kI dazA prApta kI jA sakatI thii| parantu uttarakAla meM sAdhAraNa janatA ne ina sabako abhidheyArtha meM hI grahaNa kiyA jo mahAna anarthakArI siddha huaa| siddhoM kI apabhraMza racanAoM meM abhivyakta bhAvadhArA prAyaH eka-samAna hai| saMsAra kI avidyA se mukta hokara apane hI antargata rahanevAle sahajAnanda kI prApti ko pratyeka siddha ne zreSTha batAyA hai| saraha anyamArgoM ko baMkima batAte haiM aura sahajamArga ko atyanta sAdhu kahate haiM, yathA -

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 ujure uju chADi mA leha re baMka niaDi bohi A jAhure lAMka hAthera kAMkana A leu dApana apane apA bujJata niamana (caryA. 32) arthAt sIdhe ko chor3akara Ter3he ko mata apanAo, bodhinikaTa hai, dUra mata jAo, hAtha meM kaMgana hai, darpaNa mata lo, AtmA ko jaano| citra ko tathA zarIra kI vRttiyoM ke zamana kA siddhoM ne bAra-bAra ullekha kiyA hai| bhUsuka, Ananda kI sthiti isa kAvya aura citta se pare batAte haiM, yathA hariNI bolai hariNA suna to e vana chADi hohu bhAnto bhavataraMge hariNAra khara na dIsai bhUsuka bhaNai mUr3ha hiahiNa pisi| (caryA. 8) arthAt hariNI nairAtmA kahatI hai - e hariNa-citta! suno| isa vanakAyarUpI citta ko chor3akara anyatra bhramaNa kro| saMsAra ke trAsa se hariNa ke khura nahIM dikhte| bhUsuka kahate haiM - mUrkha ke hRdaya meM yaha tattva nahIM praveza krtaa| luipA citta kI caMcalatA kA ullekha karate haiM aura sAtha hI jagata ko, jala meM pratibimbita candra ke samAna na jhUTha kahate haiM na sty| yaha sahajasukha zreSTha AnaMda hai| siddhoM ne isa Ananda kI prApti ke lie guru ke mahattva ko svIkArA hai| saraha ne zAstroM ko marusthala kahA hai aura guru kI vANI ko amRta rasa kI saMjJA dI hai, yathA - guruvaaNa amiyarasa, dhavaDi Na piviaDa jehiN| vahu sAttAttha marutthalehiM, tisia maribbo tehiN|| (dohAkoza, pRSTha 12) arthAt jo guru kI vANI ke amRtarasa ko nahIM pItA hai vaha zAstrarUpI marusthala kI bhUmi meM tRSAtura hokara maratA hai| jagata ke mAyAjAla se sadguru hI mukti dilA sakate haiN| ____ bhUsuka kahate haiM - mAAjAlapasariure bAdheli maaaahrinnii| sadguru bohe bUjhi re kAsu khini| (caryA. 10) kaNhapA kA mAnanA hai ki mana aura indriyoM kA prasAra guru kI kRpA se hI naSTa ho sakatA hai| mana-vRkSa kI pA~ca indriyA~ zAkhAe~ haiM, AzAdi phala aura patte haiN| guruvacana-kuThAra se kATane para phira yaha vRkSa harA nahIM hotaa|" tilopA ne apane padoM meM aneka bAra guru kI AvazyakatA ko jatAyA hai| dArikapA guru kI AjJA se viSayendriyoM kA sukha bhI varjita nahIM mAnate haiN|"

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40 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 mahAsukha kI prApti se saMsAra ke duHkha naSTa ho jAte haiM aura jJAnaprakAza kA udaya hotA hai| saraha kahate haiM - ghorAndhaeM candamaNi jima ujjoa kre|| parama mahAsuha ekkukhaNe duriAsesa hrei|| (dohAkoza, 97) paramasukha meM magna hone kI isa lokAtIta dazA kA bar3e bhAvuka DhaMga se varNana kaNhapA ne kiyA hai, yathA - ceana na veana bhara nida gelA saala suphala kari suhe sutelA svapane mai~ dekhila tihuana suNNa ghoria avanAgavana vihun| (caryA. 36) arthAt sahajAnanda yoganidrA meM cetanA, vedanA kucha nahIM rahI hai| jagata ke saba vyApAroM ko samApta karake ve jJAnanidrA ko prApta hue haiN| svapnavat saba jagata alIka dikhatA hai, tribhuvana zUnyamaya dikhatA hai| janmamaraNa se ve mukta ho gae haiN| virupAda (caryA. 3), gaMDarIpAda (caryA. 4), dhAmapAda (caryA. 47), jayanandIpAda (caryA. 46), kaMkaNapAda (caryA. 45), tAr3akapAda (caryA.37), mahIdharapAda (caryA.16) Adi ne isaprakAra kI anubhUti kA varNana kiyA hai| zAntipA ruI ko dhunane ke rUpaka dvArA zUnyatA ko prApta karane kI bAta kahate haiM, yathA - tulA dhuNidhuNi A~sure A~su A~su dhuNi dhuNi Nikhara sesu tulA dhuNi dhuNi suNe ahAriu puNa laiA apaNA caTAriu bahala bar3ha dui mAra na dizaa zAnti bhaNai bAlAga na paisaa kAja na kAraNa ja eha jugati saa saMveaNa bolathi sAnti (caryA. 26) arthAt ruI ko dhunate-dhunate usake sUkSmAtisUkSma aMza-reze nikAlate calo phira bhI usakA kAraNa dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| usako aMza-aMza rUpa se vibhAjana aura vizleSaNa kara dene para anta meM kucha bhI avaziSTa nahIM rahatA apitu anubhava hone lagatA hai ki ruI zUnyatA ko prApta ho gii| isIprakAra citta ko bhalIbhA~ti dhunane para bhI usake kAraNa kA parijJAna nahIM hotaa| use samagra vRttiyoM se rahita aura ni:svabhAva kara zUnya tattva ko prApta karane kA prayatna karanA caahie| zUnya karuNA kI abhinnatA se dArikapA gagana ke parama pAra taTa para vilAsa karate haiN| taMtra, mantra, dhyAna, vyAkhyAna sabako vyartha samajhate haiN| isa avasthA meM pahu~cakara hI vaha vAstava meM rAjA

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 hue, anya rAjya to moha ke bandhana haiN| dArikapA kI mahAsukhavAdaparaka rahasyamayI kavitA draSTavya hai - suna kuruNa re abhinacAreM kaaavaacieN| vilasai dArika gaaNata paarimkuleN| kinto mante kinto tante kinto re jhANa vkhaanne| apaiThAna mahAsuhalIleM dulakkha prmnivaanne|| rAA rAA rAAre avara rAa mehi re baadhaa| luipAa pae dArika dvAdaza bhuaNe laadhaa|| (caryA. 34) kRSNapA arthAt kaNhapA Agama, veda, purANa aura paMDitoM kI nindA karate hue kahate haiM, yathA - loaha gabba samubbahai, hau~ paramattha pviinn| koDia majhe eka jai, hoi NiraMjaNa liinn|| Agama vea purANe (hI), paNDia mANa vhnti| pakka sirIphale alia jima bAherIa bhmnti|| arthAt vyartha hI manuSya garva meM DUbA rahatA hai aura samajhatA hai ki maiM paramArtha meM pravINa huuN| karor3oM meM se koI eka niraMjana meM lIna hotA hai| Agama, veda, purANoM se paNDita abhimAnI banate haiM, kintu ve pakva zrIphala ke bAhara hI bAhara cakkara kATate hue bhauMre ke samAna AgamAdi ke bAhyArtha meM hI ulajhe rahate haiM / kaNhapA meru giri zikhara para hI mahAsukha kA AvAsa batAte haiN| vahA~ pahu~canA bar3A kaThina hai| yahIM sahaja sukha kI bhAvanA dekhI jAtI hai, yathA - varagiri sihara uttuMga thali zabare jahiM kiavaas| Nau laMghia paMcAnanehiM karivara iria aas|| (apabhraMza pAThAvalI, pro. modI, pRSTha 148) arthAt mahAsukharUpI zabara ne merugiri para vAsa kara liyA hai, vahA~ na siMha jA sakatA hai aura na hAthI kA koI basa calatA hai| taba sAdhAraNajana kI kyA gati ho sakatI hai? caryAgItoM meM siddhoM ne apane bhAvoM meM prAyaH rUpakoM kA sahArA liyA hai| DheMDhaNapA kahate haiM - "nitenite SiyAlA sihai smjuujh| DheNDhaNapAera gIta virale bUjhai" (caryA. 41)|isiitrh tAr3akapA bhI saMketa karate haiM - "jo bUjhai tA gale galapAza" (caryA. 45) / siddhoM kI racanA meM isIprakAra kI bhAvanA evaM rUpakoM kA prayoga milatA hai| unhoMne upamAnoM ke nae prayoga kie haiM, yathA - taruvara-kAyA, citta tathA sRSTi vistAra ke lie; karama-mana ke lie; mUSaka-mana, vANa; zara-guruvacana Adi Adi ke lie prayukta hue haiM siddhoM ne prAyaH vyAvahArika jIvana ke padArthoM ko hI apane rUpakoM kA upakaraNa banAyA hai| pradhAna rUpaka isaprakAra haiM - naukA kA rUpaka, kAnha, DombI, kambalAmbara aura saraMha ne kramaza: caryA. 13, 14, 38, 8 meM liyA

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 hai| cUhe kA rUpaka bhUsuka dvArA caryA. 21 meM, vINA kA rUpaka vINApA ne caryA. 17, hAthI kA rUpaka mahIdhara aura kANhapA ne kramazaH caryA. 16, 9, 12 meM; hariNa kA rUpaka bhUsuka caryA. 6 meM prayukta kiyA hai| kaNhapA kA vivAha kA rUpaka (caryA. 19) darzanIya hai / 42 siddhoM kI vANiyoM meM prayukta chaMdoM meM vividhatA nahIM hai| caryAgIti geyapadoM ke rUpa meM haiN| pratyeka caryA ke prArambha meM kisI na kisI rAga kA nirdeza milatA hai| paTamaMjarI, malArI, bhairavI, kAmoda, gavar3A, dezAkha, rAmakrI, barAr3I, guMjarI, gurjarI, aru, devakrI, manasI, bar3ArI, indratAla, zavarI, vallADi, pAlasI, mAlasI, gabuDA, kala, guMjarI, baMgAla aura paTala nAmaka caubIsa rAgoM kA vyavahAra caryApadoM meM huA hai| dohe ke atirikta pAdAkulaka, aDillA, pajjhaTikA, gAthA, rolA, ullAlA rAgadhruvaka, pAraNAka, dvipadI, mahAnubhAva, marahaTTA chanda prayukta hue haiN| eka hI gIta meM kaI chaMdoM kA bhI mizraNa huA hai, yathA- caryA. 47 (dhAmapAda) meM ragar3A dhruvaka, pAraNaka, paddhar3iyA chaMdoM kA prayoga hai / catuSpadI chaMdoM kA prayoga dvipadI ke samAna kiyA gayA hai aura do caraNoM se hI chaMda pUrA huA mAna liyA gayA hai| 22 siddhoM ke kAvya meM sabhI rasoM kA paripAka zAnta rasa meM huA hai 1 siddhoM kI kAvya bhASA ke do rUpa milate haiM - eka to pUrvI apabhraMza kA rUpa jisameM pazcimI apabhraMza ke zabdarUpa bhI milate haiM 23 tathA dUsarA rUpa pazcimI apabhraMza arthAt zaurasenI kA milatA hai / caryAgItoM meM pUrvI rUpa kI pradhAnatA hai aura dohAkoza ke padyoM kA rUpa pazcimI apabhraMza kA hai| 24 saraha kI upamA "uDDI vohia-kAu jimu" kA prayoga sUradAsa ne apane aneka padoM meM kiyA hai - " bhaTaki phiryau bohita ke khaga jyoM puni phiri hari pai Ayo" (bhramaragIta 119 ) tathA" thakita sindhu naukA ke khaga jyoM phiri phiri voigaNa gAvati" (bhramaragIta 213 ) / aneka upamAoM, vAkyAMzoM, vicAroM aura vAgdhArAoM ko jinakA prayoga siddhoM ne sahaja mArga ke lie kiyA, sUra Adi bhakta kaviyoM ne bhaktiparaka artha meM kiyaa|" isaprakAra siddhoM kI kAvyabhASA sIdhI-sarala hote hue bhI sandhyAbhASA yA ulaTabA~sI hai| bIca-bIca meM muhAvaroM ke prayoga se prabhAvotpAdakatA bar3ha gaI hai| isaprakAra siddhoM kI racanAoM meM tAMtrikavidhAna, yogasAdhanA, Atmanigraha, zvAsanirodha, bhItarI cakroM aura nAr3iyoM kA varNana, antarmukha sAdhanA ke mahattva kI zikSA kA prAdhAnya hai| siddhoM ne apane sampradAya ke siddhAntoM kA digdarzana karanevAle sAdhanAparaka sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyaa| antaHsAdhanA para jora tathA paNDitoM ko phaTakAra tathA zAstrIya mArga kA khaNDana karake svacchanda mArga kA samarthana siddha sAhitya meM dRSTigata hai / siddhoM kI sahajAvasthA ke bahuta se tattva aura pAribhASika zabda jaise nAda bindu, surati, nirati, sahajazUnya, nirguNa kAvyadhArA meM jyoM ke tyoM A gae haiN| nirguNa kAvyadhArA ke kAvyakAroM ne bhI siddhoM ke anukaraNa para dharmoM ke bAhyAcAroM kI niMdA kI hai| inake rahasyavAda kA prabhAva nirguNadhArA ke kaviyoM para par3A hai| bhAva aura zailI kI dRSTi se paravartI sAhitya para siddha sAhitya kA prabhAvayatheSTarUpa se parilakSita hai| AcArya rAmacandra kA kahanA hai ki "jIvana kI svAbhAvika anubhUtiyoM aura dazAoM se unakA rAgAtmaka sambandha nahIM / ataH ve zuddha sAhitya evaM kAvyaparamparA meM (unakI racanAyeM) nahIM rakhI

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 jA sktiiN| ''26 mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana kA mAnanA hai "siddhoM kI kavitA ne kevala svaccha sAdhanAjanya hRdayAnubhUti ko prakAzita kiyA hai, jinameM saikar3oM manuSya AnaMda prApta karate haiM, usameM apanA nijI saundarya hai tathA adbhuta prabhAvotpAdakatA hai| pAThaka ina kavitAoM ko par3hakara AtmatRpti ko anubhava karane lagatA hai| ataH unakI kavitA ko kavitA mAnanA hI par3atA hai 7 vastuta: siddhoM ne apanI aTapaTI vANI dvArA nae-nae upamAna tathA rUpakoM dvArA buddhivAda ko janma diyA hai / aneka navIna zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jinakA prabhAva hindI ke nirguNa kaviyoM para pdd'aa| rItikAla kI samasta racanA kA bIjarUpa siddhoM meM prApta hotA hai| isaprakAra hindI sAhitya kI paravartI pravRttiyoM tathA paramparAoM kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne ke lie isa sAhitya kA adhyayana paramAvazyaka hai| 1. bhUmikA, sAdhanamAlA, gA. o. sI. naM. 41, bhAga 2, bar3audA 1928 2. prAkRta aura apabhraMza sAhitya tathA unakA hindI sAhitya para prabhAva, rAmasiMha tomara, pRSTha 170 1711 3. hAjAra vacharera purANa bA~galA bhASAya bauddhagAna o dohA, baMgIya sAhitya pariSad kalakattA se prakAzita san 1916 1 4. bhUmikA, sanatkumAracarita, yAkobI, pRSTha 271 5. phreMca bhASA meM racanAoM kA adhyayana prastuta kiyaa| bhUmikA, sanatkumAracarita, yAkobI, pRSTha 201 DhAkA yUnivarsiTI sTaDIja, 1940 1 dohAkoza, jarnalsa ava da DipArTameMTa ava laiTarsa, bhAga 28, kalakattA yUnivarsiTI, 1935 I 6. (37) (ba) (sa) 7. (ka) (kha) 8. (ka) (kha) meTeriyala phAra da kriTikala eDIzana ava da caryAja, bhAga 30, 1939 / iMDiyana liMgvisTiksa, bhAga 10, 1948 I. / caryAgIti padAvalI, vardhamAna, 1958 I. / hindI ke prAcInatama kavi, purAtattvanibaMdhAvalI, pRSTha 160-204 kAvyadhArA, pRSTha 2-211 saraha kA dohAkoza, bihAra rASTra bhASA pariSad paTanA, 1958 1 43 (ga) 9. nAtha sampradAya, hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pRSTha 27-321 10. dohAkoza kI bhUmikA, rAhula, pRSTha 77 / 11. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, AcArya rAmacandra zukla, pRSTha 8, pAda TippaNI / 12. prAkRta aura apabhraMza sAhitya, rAmasiMha tomara, pRSTha 173 174 1 13. dohAkoza, rAhula, pRSTha 691 14. apabhraMza kAvya paramparA aura vidyApati, aMbAdatta paMta, pRSTha 414-415 / 15. (ka) uttarIbhArata kI saMtaparamparA, parazurAma caturvedI, pRSTha 32 tathA 45 / (kha) siddha sAhitya, DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI, pRSTha 113 /

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 16. caryA. 1.2 / 17. caryA. 4.5 / 18. caryA. 6, 8, 26 tathA 311 19. caryA. 341 20. siddhasAhitya, dharmavIra bhAratI, pRSTha 449-457 / 21. sTaDIja ina da taMtrAja, DaoN. bAgacI, pRSTha 741 22. prAkRta aura apabhraMza sAhitya, rAmasiMha tomara, pRSTha 182-183 / 23. pUrvI rUpoM ke kAraNa utsAhapUrvaka caryApadoM ko maithilI, baMgAlI, ur3iyA, bhojapurI vidvAna apanI-apanI bhASAoM kA pUrvarUpa batAte haiN| 24. orijana eNDa DevalepameMTa oNpha baMgAlI laiMgveja, sunItikumAra caTarjI, pRSTha 111-1121 25. apabhraMza sAhitya, harivaMza kochar3a, pRSTha 307 / 26. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, rAmacandra zukla, pRSTha 24 / 27. kAvyadhArA, rAhula, pRSTha 47 / hindI vibhAga dayAlabAga vizvavidyAlaya dayAlabAga AgarA (u.pra.)

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 janavarI-julAI-1993 45 mahAkavi svayambhU kA nAgara-bimba saundarya - DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva Adhunika AlocanAzAstra kAvya meM bimba-saundarya ko sAtizaya mahattva detA hai| vastutaH bimba kavi-kalpanA kA kAvyabhASika viniyoga hai| bimba ke mAdhyama se hI kalpanA rUpAyita hotI hai aura saundarya meM mukharatA AtI hai, sAtha hI bimba se hI kalpanA aura saundarya ko abhinavatA bhI prApta hotI hai| kAvya meM grAhyatA yA sampreSaNIyatA ke guNoM kA AdhAna bimba-vidhAna se hI sambhava hai| bimba ko hama prabhAva kI pratikRti bhI kaha sakate haiN| jo kavi racanA-prakriyA meM jitanA kuzala hotA hai samartha bimboM ke nirmANa meM vaha utanA hI nipuNa hotA hai| samartha aura utkRSTa kAvya-bimboM meM aindriyatA aura saMvedanoM ko ubuddha karane kI tato'dhika kSamatA hotI hai| isalie, jo bimba jitane samartha aura utkRSTa hote haiM, ve kavi ke cintana yA usakI sisRkSA ke utane hI saphala aura sakSama saMvAhaka hote haiN| utkRSTa bimboM meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI bhI adbhuta yogyatA hotI hai| utkRSTa bimba varNya viSaya meM nihita saMvega ko mUrta karake, usase sabhI saMvedanazIla sahRdaya-hRdaya bhAvakoM ko abhibhata kara detA hai| saMvega kA yaha sAdhAraNIkaraNa hI bimba-vidhAna kI carama saphalatA kA paricAyaka hai| bimbAtmaka kAvyakalA mUlataH zravyakalA hotI hai, jisameM sthApatya, mUrti aura citrakalA, arthAt dRzya yA cAkSuSakalA (oNpTika imeja) ke tattva adhika rahate haiM; kyoMki bimba prAyaH

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46 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 dRSTigocara hotA hai, jisakA rUpa yA AkRti se anivArya sambandha hotA hai| isalie, kAvyazAstra ke AcAryoM ne bimba-vidhAna kI prakriyA ko rUpa-vidhAna kI saMjJA dI hai| bimbavAdI AlocakoM ke anusAra vikAsAtmaka dRSTi se bimba ke tIna rUpa adhika mAnya haiN| ye haiM - 1. vastuvizeSa kI chAyA kA spaSTa sammUrtana, 2. chAyA kI chAyA kA sammUrtana tathA 3. vastubodha se sarvathA pRthak pratIka ke samakakSa smmuurtn| tIsare rUpa ko hama bhAvabimba bhI kaha sakate haiN| bimba-saundarya kI dRSTi se yaha bhAvabimba apanA adhika kalAtmaka mUlya rakhatA hai| bimba-vidhAna ke ukta pariveza meM apabhraMza ke mahAkavi svayambhU ke bimbabahula mahAkAvya 'paumacariu' kA adhyayana atizaya ruci aura mahArgha siddha hotA hai| yoM, 'paumacariu' kI bimbAtmaka saundarya-cetanA kA adhyayana eka svatantra zodha-prabandha kA viSaya hai? hama yahA~ usa kAlottIrNa mahAkAvya meM citrita do-eka pramukha nagaroM ke bimba-saundarya ke vivecana taka hI sImita rheNge| mahAkavi svayambhU dvArA prastuta nagara se sambaddha bimba mUrti, sthApatya evaM citrakalA se vizeSa prabhAvita haiM, jinameM saundarya, kalpanA aura pratIkoM kA manohArI viniyoga huA hai| mahAkavi ne rAjagRha kA bimbAtmaka varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai - tahiM taM paTTaNu rAyagihu dhnn-knny-smiddh| NaM pihi vie~ Nava-jovvaNae~ sire seharu aaiddhu|| cu-gour-cu-paayaarvNtu| hasai va muttAhala-dhavala dNtu|| Naccai va mruddhy-dhy-krggu| dharai va NivaDaMtau gynn-mggu|| suulgg-minnnn-devul-sihru| kaNai va paaraavy-sh-ghiru|| ghummai va gaeNhi my-bhimmlehiN| uDDui va turaMgahiM cNclehiN|| pahAi va ssikNt-jlohrehiN| paNavai va haar-mehl-bhrehiN|| pakkhalai va nneur-nniylehiN| vipphurai va kuNddl-juylehiN|| kilikilii va svvnnucchvenn| gajjai va murv-bherii-rvenn|| gAyai vaalaavinni-mucchnnehiN| puravai va dhnnnn-dhnn-kNcnehiN|| NivaDiya-paNNehiM phophphaleMhiM chuhcunnnnaasNgeN| jaNa-calaNagga-vimadieNNa mahi raMgiya rNgeN| (1.4.9; 1.5.1-9) prastuta nagara-varNana meM mahAkavi ke bimba-vidhAna kA prakarSa usake udAtta bimboM meM nihita hai, jahA~ varNya aura Alambana kI asIma yA ameya rUpa-kalpanA, apane virAT citraphalaka ke kAraNa, citta ko vismaya meM DAlanevAlI aprastuta-pratIti ko nAyikA aura usakI ziromaNi

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 47 ke rUpa meM iMgita karatI hai| jahA~ pRthvI navayauvanA nAyikA ho aura rAjagRha nagara usa nAyikA ke zira para suzobhita honevAlI cUDAmaNi ke samAna ho, avazya hI pRthvI kA yaha virAT citra cAkSuSa bimba ke utkRSTa aura manorama saundarya kI sRSTi karatA hai| pUre rAjagRha nagara kA varNana bahuvidha mohaka bimboM kA alabama yA citrAdhAra jaisA pratIta hotA hai| varNana ke pUre prakaraNa kA artha hai - "dhana aura sone se samRddha rAjagRha nagara aisA lagatA hai, jaise navayauvanA pRthvI ke zira para cUDAmaNi bA~dha dI gaI ho yA ma~gaTIkA nAma kA gahanA pahanA diyA gayA ho| cAra gopuroM aura cAra parakoToM se ghirA rAjagRha nagara motiyoM jaise camakate dA~toM se ha~satA huA jAna par3atA hai| gaganacumbI mandiroM para havA meM ur3atI dhvajAoM se vaha nagara nRtya karatAsA pratIta hotA hai aura dhvajA-rUpI hatheliyoM se mAno girate hue AkAzapatha ko dhAraNa kiye hue hai| trizUla se suzobhita mandira ke zikhara, una para baiThe kabUtaroM ke kUjana se guMjita hai| jhUmate madavihvala hAthiyoM se vaha nagara jhUmatA huA-sA pratIta hotA hai aura capalagati ghor3oM se to aisA lagatA hai, jaise svayaM vaha nagara ur3a rahA ho| candrakAnta maNi se risanevAlI jaladhArAoM se vaha nagara snAna karatA-sA pratIta hotA hai? vaha nagara hAra aura mekhalAoM ke bhAra se nata hai, nUpuroM se jhaMkRta hai aura kuNDaloM se dIpta hai| vahA~ honevAle sArvajanika utsavoM se vaha nagara kilakAriyA~ bharatA-sA mAlUma hotA hai / mRdaMga aura nagAr3e kI AvAja se vaha garajatA-sA lagatA hai, to bAlAoM dvArA bajAI jAtI vINAoM kI mUrcchanAoM (svara ke Aroha-avaroha) se vaha nagara gAtA-sA mAlUma hotA hai| dhana, dhAnya aura kaMcana se to vaha nagara sAkSAt nagarapati jaisA lagatA hai| pAna, supAr3I, katthA, cUnA Adi se bane pAna ke bIr3e cAbanevAloM dvArA ugalI gaI pIka se usa nagara kI dharatI lAla ho gaI hai|" prastuta varNana meM cakSu, svAda, zravaNa aura sparzamUlaka gatvara bimboM kA manorama samAhAra huA hai| isameM mahAkavi ke varNa-parijJAna yA raMgabodha se nirmita bimboM meM aindriyatA kA viniveza to huA hI hai, abhivyakti meM bhI vyaMjaka vakratA A gaI hai| nagara ke sapheda raMga se svacchatA kA bodha hotA hai, jisase sAttvikatA TapakatI hai| isIlie mahAkavi ne sAttvika bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke nimitta muktAhala jaise dhavala raMga ko apanAyA hai| mahAkavi ne sapheda raMga ke alAvA lAla raMga ko bhI mUlya diyA hai| usane lAla raMga se rAjagRha nagara ke nivAsiyoM kI rasAsvAdaka anurAgI pravRtti ko abhivyakti dI hai| mahAkavi ne apanI racanA-prakriyA kI kuzalatA se samRddha, samartha aura utkRSTa bimboM ke nirmANa meM apanI apUrva kAvyazakti kA AzcaryakArI paricaya diyA hai| svanirmita bimboM ke mAdhyama se mahAkavi ne rAjagRha nagara kI Arthika, sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM zreSThatara sthApatyamUlaka samRddhi ke sAtha hI vahA~ kI lalitakalAparaka sAMgItika bhAva-cetanA ko ekasAtha pratibimbita kara diyA hai| prastuta sandarbha meM mahAkavi ne smRti ke sahAre aindriya dRzya ke sAdRzya para rUpavidhAna to kiyA hI hai upamAna aura aprastuta ke dvArA bhI saMvedanA yA tIvra bhAvAnubhUti kI pratikRti nirmita kI hai, jisase upamAna aura rUpakAzrita cAkSuSa sthApatya-bimba kA hRdayAvarjanakArI samudbhAvana huA

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 hai| yahA~ vAstavika aura kAlpanika donoM prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM se nirmita bimba tathya-bodhaka bhAvavizeSa kA saphala saMvahana karate haiN| rAjagRha nagara kA navayauvanA pRthivI kI cUDAmaNi ke rUpa meM kalpanA yA phira candrakAnta maNi kI jaladhArAoM se nagara ke sukhasparza snAna karane kI kalpanA avazya hI vastubodha se sarvathA pRthak pratIka ke samakakSa sammUrtana hai| prastuta smRta rUpa-vidhAna meM rAjagRha nagara ke atIta sthApatya kI smRti ke AdhAra para nUtana vastu-vyApAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai aura isa prakAra mahAkavi dvArA prastuta rAjagRha kA indriyagamya bimba saundaryabodhaka hone ke sAtha sAtizayakalA-vareNya bhI hai| bimba-vidhAna mAnavIkaraNa kA hI paryAya hai aura mahAkavi ke nAgara bimboM meM mAnavIkaraNa kI pracuratA hai| usake dvArA pratibimbita nagara ke saundarya-citraNa meM sthApatya-tattvoM athavA vAstucitraNa para mAnava -vyApAroM kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| mAnavIkaraNa pratibimbita saundarya-citraNa kI vikasita dazA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ise hama mAnavetara prakRti meM cetanA kI svIkRti kaha sakate haiN| isa sandarbha meM hama laMkAnagarI kA varNana dekheM - paDhama visaMhiM laMka nnihaaliy| NAi~ vilAsiNi kusumomaaliy|| (72.1.2) diThu sa-mottiu raavnn-pNgnnu| NAI sa-tArau sry-nhNgnnu|| vahu-maNi-kuTTimu vhu-rynnujjlu| NAi~ visaTTau rynnaayr-jlu|| (72.2.1-2) hasai va riu-gharu muhavaya bNdhuru| vidumayAharu mottiya dNturu|| chivai va matthae meru-mhiihru| tujjhu vi majjhuvi kavaNu piihru|| (72.3.1-2) arthAt aMgada Adi vIroM ne jaba laMkAnagarI dekhI, taba vaha unheM phUla-mAlAoM se sajI vilAsinI jaisI pratIta huii| usa nagarI meM motiyoM se jar3A, rAvaNa ke mahala kA prAMgaNa tAraka-jaTita zaratkAlIna AkAza ke A~gana kI taraha pratIta huaa| aneka ratnoM se ujjvala usa A~gana kI maNimaya dharatI ratnAkara ke viziSTa jala kI taraha mAlUma pdd'ii| usa nagarI meM avasthita zatru (rAvaNa) kA ghara apanI bhavyatA se ha~satA-sA laga rahA thaa| usakA mukhabhAga atizaya ramaNIya thaa| usa ghara meM jar3e hue vidruma (mUMgA) usake lAla adhara ke samAna the aura motI usake svaccha dA~ta kI bhA~ti lagate the| sumeru parvata jaisI apanI U~cAI

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 se vaha ghara AsamAna chU rahA thA aura yaha andAja le rahA thA ki usameM aura AsamAna meM kauna adhika U~cA hai| prastuta sthApatyamUlaka vAstu-varNana se spaSTa hai ki mahAkavi svayambhU ko mAnavIkaraNa ke prati sahaja moha hai| laMkA nagarI meM avasthita rAvaNa-gRha ke citraNa ke byAja se pAThakoM ko sundara mAnavIkaraNa milatA hai; kyoMki yathAprastuta isa vAstu-citra meM mAnavIya vyApAra ke anukUla lalita aMga-vinyAsa kA atizaya rucira aura rUpakAzrita Aropa huA hai| laMkA nagarI ko phUlamAlAoM se sajI vilAsinI nAyikA ke rUpa-vyApAroM se vibhUSita kara upasthita kiyA gayA hai| apanI U~cAI se AsamAna ke sAtha pratispardhA karanevAle rAvaNa-gRha meM mAnavocita pratidvandvitA kA niveza to bhavyatama bimba-vidhAna kA nidarzana upanyasta karatA hai| mahAkavi svayambhU ne prAkRtika upAdAnoM ke mAdhyama se aprastuta ke mUrtikaraNa ke krama meM citropama bimboM kI atizaya Avarjaka yojanA kI hai| prakRti ke upakaraNoM ko kevala utprekSA yA upamAnoM kI taraha prayukta karane ke krama meM to mahAkavi ne cAkSuSa bimboM ke vidhAna kI vilakSaNa zakti kA paricaya diyA hai| isa sandarbha meM hama kiSkindha nagara ke atizaya manohara bimba-saundarya kA darzana kareM - thovaMtare dhnn-kNcnn-puru| lakkhijjai taM kikkiNdhnnyru|| NaM Nahayalu taaraa-mnnddiyu| NaM kavvu kiddhy-cddddiyu|| NaM haNua-vihUsiu muh-kmlu| vihasiu sayavattu NAI s-nnlu|| NaM lilAlaMkiya aahrnnu| NaM kuMda-pasAhiu viul-vnnu|| suggIvavaMtu NaM hNs-siru| NaM jhANu muNiMdahu~ taNau thiru|| mAyA-suggIveM mohiyu| kusaleNa NA~i kaaminni-hiyu|| (43.11.1-6) arthAt, dhana-kaMcana se bharapUra kiSkindhanagara tAroM se maNDita AkAza jaisA yA vAnara dvIpa ke rAjA se AkrAnta zukragraha jaisA lagatA thaa| vaha nagara cibuka se suzobhita mukhakamala jaisA thA yA nAla-sahita kamala ke samAna viha~satA huA pratIta hotA thaa| vaha nagara nIlamaNi se alaMkRta AbharaNa jaisA yA phira kunda puSpa se prasAdhita vipula vana jaisA dikhAI par3atA thaa| vaha nagara sundara grIvA se yukta haMsa jaisA thA yA phira munIndroM ke sthira dhyAna jaisA lagatA thaa| vaha mAyAmaya sugrIva se usI prakAra mohita ho rahA thA, jisa prakAra kuzala kAmI kAminI ke hRdaya ko rijhA letA hai| uparyukta cAkSuSa sthApatya-bimba meM mahAkavi ne nagara ke zobhAdhAyaka vaiziSTya ke varNana ke krama meM zabdAzrita aura bhAvAzrita, donoM prakAra ke bimboM kA prItikara vidhAna kiyA hai| isameM utprekSA aura upamA ke mizrita bimboM kA to prAcurya hai aura phira 'sugrIva' zabda meM sabhaMga zleSabimba kA vinyAsa to tato'dhika AvarjanakArI hai| kahanA na hogA ki AcArya kavi svayambhU ko aprastuta yojanA ke mAdhyama se bimba-saundarya ke mugdhakArI mUrtana meM pAragAmI dakSatA prApta hai| arthabimba aura bhAvabimba ke samAnAntara udbhAvana meM mahAkavi kI dvitIyatA nahIM hai|

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50 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3 mahAkavi apanI bhAvayitrI aura kArayitrI pratibhA ke pradarzana meM kAvyAnubhUti ko ImAnadAra se abhivyakta karate haiN| nivRttimArgI AcAryocita kuNThA unake mahAkavi ko parAbhUta nahIM ka pAtI hai| isa sandarbha meM unake dvArA vikuNTha bhAva se udbhAvita rAmapurI ke rUpakAzrita samAsokti bimba kI ApAtaramaNIyatA draSTavya hai - puNu rAmauri paghosiya loeM / NaM NAriheM aNuhariya nnioeN|| dIhara-paMtha-pasAriya-calaNI / kusum-nniytth-vtth-saahrnnii|| khAiya-tivali-taraMga-vihUsiya / gour-thnnhr-sihr-pdiisiy|| viulArAma-roma-romaMciya / iNdgov-sy-kuNkum-aNciy|| girivara-sariya-pasAriya-vAhI / jl-phennaavli-vly-snnaahii|| srvr-nnynn-ghnnNjnn-aNjiy| surdhnu-bhuh-pdiisiy-pNjiy|| deul-vynn-kmlu-driseppinnu|vr-mylNchnn-tilu chuheppinnu|| NAi~ NihAlai dinnyr-dppnnu| ema viNimmau sayalu vi pttttnnu|| (28.5.1-9) arthAt gajamukhayakSa dvArA pracura dhana, svarNa aura jana se paripUrNa jisa nagarI kA Adhe pala meM nirmANa kiyA, use logoM ne 'rAmapurI' ghoSita kiyaa| racanA kI dRSTi se vaha nagarI nArI kI taraha pratIta hotI thii| usa nagarI ke rAste usa nArI ke phaile hue yA pasAre hue paira the; bharapUra khile hue phUla-rUpI vastroM se vaha AvRta thIM, khAI-rUpI trivali-taraMgoM se vibhUSita thii| vaha nAgarI nArI apane gopura-rUpa stana-zikharoM kA pradarzana kara rahI thI, vipula udyAna-rUpa romarAjiyoM se vaha pulakita thI; saikar3oM indragopa usake kuMkuma-bindu kI taraha suzobhita the| pahAr3I nadiyA~ usa nAgara nArI kI pasArI huI bA~heM thIM; phenila nadI jala kA Avarta hI usakI gaharI nAbhi thii| usa nAgara nArI ke sarovara-rUpI netra gAr3he aMjana se aMjita the; indradhanuSa-rUpa usakI bhauMheM aMjana kI kAlimA prakaTa kara rahI thIM; devakula hI usake mukhakamala the| usa nAgara nArI kA bhAla candramA-rUpa tilaka se aMkita thA; vaha dinakara-rUpI darpaNa dekhatI thii| isa prakAra yakSa ne usa nagarI kA adbhuta nirmANa kiyA thaa| ___ yathAvarNita rAmapurI kI sarvAlaMkAra bhUSitA pInastanI praur3ha nAyikA ke rUpa meM sAvayava kalpanA prajJApraur3ha mahAkavi ke rUpa-citraNa kI sutIkSNa sUkSmekSikA kI sUcanA detI hai| avazya hI .. mahAkavi ne rAmapurI kI vAstu-samRddhi kA citraNa karate hue atizaya aura camatkArapUrNa mAnavIkaraNamUlaka AkarSaka cAkSuSa bimba kI yojanA kI hai| sAtizaya sundarI nArI ko mUrtita karane meM mahAkavi ne apanI varNana-vicchitti kI praur3hatA ke sAtha hI bhASA kI sarvottama zakti kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| rUpa-zrRMgAra ke upakaraNamUlaka bimba-vidhAna meM mahAkavi ne icchita citra kI cAkSuSa viziSTatAoM ko aMkita karane ke lie indradhanuSI bimboM kA sarvAdhika prayoga kiyA hai, jisameM usake gambhIra varNa-parijJAna kA nidarzana upalabdha hotA hai| saundaryAnubhUti ke veSTana meM prakRti ke komala aura AhlAdakArI pakSoM ke upasthApana meM mahAkavi svayambhU ne apanI sudurlabha racanA-zakti se kAma liyA hai| prItimayI prakRti ke vibhinna upAdAnoM se eka ratimayI nArI ke sajjIkaraNa (esembula) meM mahAkavi kI saphalatA sacamuca zlAghanIya hai|

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 mahAkavi ne rAmapurI ke varNana meM citropama bimba-vidhAna ke sahAre prakRti kA manorama citra prastuta kiyA hai| aise bimboM ke nirmANa meM kalpanA ke sammUrtana se kAma liyA gayA hai| isa citra meM sampUrNa citra - phalaka ko kalpanA kI udAtta saMyojana-zakti kI vizAla pArzvabhUmi pradAna kI gaI hai, jisameM mahAkavi kI vidhAyaka kalpanA aura pAThakoM kI grAhaka kalpanA kI ekamekatA kA atizaya zlAghya saMyojana huA hai / 51 isa prakAra, mahAkavi svayambhU ke nagara-varNanoM meM cAkSuSa bimboM kI pracuratA hai| nagaraviSayaka sthApatya ke varNana meM mahAkavi dvArA nirmita bimba sahaja hI vismita kara dene kI zakti se saMvalita haiN| bimbavidhAna ke sandarbha meM mahAkavi kI lalita kAvyabhASA kI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa hai| mahAkavi svayambhU kI kAvyasAdhanA mUlataH kAvyabhASA kI sAdhanA kA hI udAtta rUpa hai| mahAkavi kI ananta sAgara ke vistAra jaisI kAvyabhASA se udbhUta bimba lahara kI bhA~ti ullAsakAraka aura hRdayAhlAdaka haiN| inameM mahAkavi kI sUkSma bhAvanAoM yA amUrta sahajAnubhUtiyoM ko mUrttatA yA abhivyakti kI mohaka cArutA prApta huI hai, jinameM mahAkavi ke ghanIbhUta saMvegoM kA saMzliSTa rUpa samAhita hai| mahAkavi svayambhU ne saMskRta aura prAkRta ke aneka jIrNa bimboM (ghise-piTe bimboM TrAiTa imejeja) kA kAyAkalpa kiyA hai aura unheM mArmika evaM nUtana arthacchaviyoM se abhimaNDita kiyA hai| rAjagRha nagara ko navayauvanA pRthvI kA ma~gaTIkA banAnA yA phira duSprekSya sUrya ko darpaNa meM pratibimbita karanA aura dhvajA-rUpI hatheliyoM para AkAzapatha ko dhAraNa karanA Adi mahAkavi ke dvArA prastuta sarvathA anAsvAdita aura pratyagra bimba haiM, jo anyatra prAyodurlabha haiM / - niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAkavi svayambhU kI kAvyabhASA meM kAvya ke zAzvatika guNa bimba-saundarya pracura mAtrA meM surakSita haiM, jinake sAMgopAMga adhyayana-anuzIlana ke lie manasvI aura utsAhI anusandhitsuoM ke sArasvata prayatna satata pratIkSita haiM / pI. ena. sinhA kaoNlonI bhikhanApahAr3I paTanA-800006

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52 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3 ujjhara-muravAI va vAyantI rAvaNeNa sari diTTha vhntii| muya-mahuyara-dukkheNa va jantI (?) / . vandaNa-raseMNa va vhl-vilittii|jl-riddhieNnnN jovvnnittii| manthara-vAheNa va viistthii| jacca-paTTavatthaI va nniytthii| vINAhoraNaI va pNgttii| vAlAhiya-NihAe~ va suttii| mallia-dantehi va vihsntii|nniiluppl-jynnehi vnnientii| mahuari-mahura-saru va gaayntii| ujjhara-muravAI va vaayntii| pattA - aramiya-rAmahA~ Niru NikAmahA~ ArUseMvi prm-jinnindhoN| pujja hareppiNu pAhuDu leppiNu gaya NAvai pAsu smudhoN|. -paumacariu 14.10 rAvaNa ne narmadA ko bahate hue dekhA, jaise vaha mRtamadhukaroM se duHkha se (dhIredhIre) jA rahI ho, candana ke rasa se atyanta paMkila, jala kI Rddhi se yauvanavatI, manda pravAha se vizrabdha, divya vastroM ko dhAraNa karatI-sI, vINA aura ahoraNa (dupaTTA) se apane ko chipAtI-sI, vyAloM kI nIMda se sotI huI, mallikA ke samAna dA~toM se ha~satI huI, nIlakamala ke samAna netroM se dekhatI huI vakula (?), surAkI gandha se matavAlI ketakI ke hAthoM se nAcatI huI, madhukarI aura madhukara ke svara se gAtI huI, nirjhara rUpI mRdaMgoM ko bajAtI huii| ghattA - strI kA ramaNa nahIM karanevAlA niSkAma parama jinendra se rUThakara hI (unakI) pUjA kA apaharaNa kara, upahAra lekara mAno vaha samudra ke pAsa gayI / - anu. DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 janavarI-julAI-1993 joiMdu kI bhASA - DaoN. devakumAra jaina -DaoN.cittaraMjanakara kAvya mUlataH bhASika vyApAra hai, kyoMki 'viziSTa pada-racanA' athavA 'vaidagdhya-bhaMgIbhaNiti ke dvArA hI kAvya rasa-niSpatti ke yogya hotA hai| rasAtmaka vAkya' athavA 'ramaNIyArthapratipAdaka zabda' kA kAvyatva isI AdhArabhUmi para saMbhava hai| bhAratIya aura bhAratIyetara Adhunika samIkSakoM ne bhI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki kAvya bhASA kA hI eka viziSTa rUpa hai|' kAvya ko bhASA aura bhASA ko kAvya mAnanevAle vidvAnoM ke mata se bhI yaha pramANita hotA hai ki kAvya kA mUla tatva bhASA hai| sTeDamaina ne kavitA ko 'layAtmaka aura kalpanAtmaka bhASA" mAnA hai / velerI ne kavitA ko 'bhASA kI kalA kahA hai| AgasTa vilhema zlegela ke matAnusAra kavitA Adhunika saMketa-bhASAoM ke Upara mUla bhASA kI punaH sRSTi hai aura vaha bhASA ke usa pratIkAtmaka viniyoga kI ora lauTa AtI hai jisameM bhASika saMketa vastu ko ThIka-ThIka prastuta karane meM samartha hotA hai| bhASA ko hI kAvya mAnanevAle gokaka kA mata hai ki bhASA svataH kavitA hai| yadyapi bhASA kA pratyeka prayoga kAvya kI zreNI meM nahIM AtA, tathApi vaha kaoNlarija ke zabdoM meM 'da besTa varDsa ina da besTa oNrDara' hai| niSkarSataH bhASA hI kavitA kA sAratatva hai aura kavitA bhASA kA utkRSTa nidarzana hai|

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54 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 spaSTatayA kavi-kauzala kA nirNAyaka tatva kAvya kI bhASA hai| bhASA ke kuzala prayoga se vaha eka zailI-vizeSa ko janma detA hai jisameM prabhAvapUrNa saMpreSaNIyatA svayameva A jAtI hai| prabhAvapUrNa saMpreSaNIyatA ke lie kAvyabhASA ko bolacAla kI bhASA ke nikaTa honA caahie| __ bhASA-prayoga kI vizeSatAoM ke vaijJAnika adhyayana kI paraMparA bhArata meM sudIrgha rahI hai jise zailIvijJAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAn bhI isa mata ke pakSadhara haiM ki zailI aura svastha pravRtti hI nahIM, balki vivekazIlatA bhI zabdoM ke prayoga meM suspaSTatA se vyakta hotI hai| jahA~ zabda bahuta adhika hote haiM, vahA~ vicAroM, bhAvoM kA prastutIkaraNa zithila va nirjIva hotA hai| ulajhe vicAroM ko sarala-saTIka bhASA meM vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___ joiMdu kI kAvyabhASA kA anuzIlana karane para vidita hotA hai ki vaha tatkAlIna janabhASA kI utkRSTa pratidarza rahI hogii| yaha tathya unakI kAvyabhASA kI saralatA, spaSTatA, dezI zabdoM kI prayogabahulatA, lokoktiyoM-kahAvatoM-muhAvaroM kI samAhiti se to pramANita hotA hI hai, unake racanA-uddezya - bhaTTaprabhAkara-sadRza sAmAnyajana ko paramArthajJAna sulabha karAnA - se bhI abhipramANita hotA hai| bhASA meM arthotkarSa ke lie joiMdu ne zabdoM ke cAru prayoga evaM saMdarbhagata aucitya para vizeSa dhyAna diyA hai| saralatA, spaSTatA kI rakSA ke lie kahIM-kahIM anagar3hatA bhI milatI hai, jo kavi-svAtaMtrya yA vicalana kA udAharaNa prastuta karatI hai| ___ joiMdu ne 'paramAtmaprakAza' kI racanA itanI subodha aura rocaka zailI meM kI hai ki pAThaka ko tatvajJAna kI nIrasatA kahIM bhI bAdhita nahIM krtii| apane kathya ko sahaja rUpa se saMpreSaNIya banAne ke lie hI unhoMne bhASA-prayogagata vicalanoM kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA hai aura yahI apekSA ve pAThakoM se bhI karate haiM - lakkhaNa chaMda-vivanjiyau eha prmppyaasu| kuNai suyAvaI bhAviyau cugi-dukkhvinnaasu|| (paramAtmaprakAza, 210) arthAt yaha paramAtmaprakAza kAvya ke lakSaNoM tathA chaMda Adi ke niyamoM se rahita hai| yaha sahaja bhAva se bhAvita ho kara mAnava ke caturdik du:khoM kA vinAza karanevAlA hai| ___ zabda aura artha ke yuktAyukta jalpita ke lie bhI kavi ne jJAniyoM se kSamAyAcanA kI hai - jaM mai~ kiM pi vijaMpiyau juttAjuttu vi itthu| taM vara-NANi khamaMtu mahu je bujjhahi~ prmtthu|| . (vahI, 212) arthAt isameM jo maiMne yukta-ayukta kahA hai, use zreSTha jJAnIjana (jo paramArtha ko jAnate haiM) (mujhe) kSamA kreN| 'paramAtmaprakAza' meM joiMdu ne bhaTTa prabhAkara ko tatvajJAna karAne ke lie punarukti kA Azraya liyA hai| isa para kavi kA kathana hai ki -

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 itthu Na levau paMDiyahi~ guNa-dosu vi puNaruttu / bhaTTa-prabhAyara-kAraNaIM maIM puNa puNa vi pauttu // (vahI, 211 ) 'paramAtmaprakAza' meM saMskRta ke tatsama evaM tadbhava (apabhraMza) zabdoM kA prayoga yathAsthAna huA hai, jinake sAtha dezI zabdoM kA AvazyakatAnusAra prayoga milatA hai, yathA- 'avakkhaDI' ( ciMtA, 1. 115 ), 'caMDai' (orohati, 2. 46), 'coppaDau' (cikkaNa, 2. 74), 'cellAcellI' (ziSya - ziSyA, 2. 88 ), ityAdi / ina dezI zabdoM ke prayoga se arthagata saralatA ke sAthasAtha prabhAvagata pratyakSatA evaM jIvaMtatA kA bodha hotA 1 55 - jaba vaktA yA kavi apane manogata bhAvoM ko apekSita abhivyakti pradAna karatA hai, taba vaha bhASA ke sAmAnya prayoga se haTane lagatA hai / phalasvarUpa muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM, kahAvatoM, biMboM kA prayoga janma letA hai| joiMdu ke kAvya meM yatra-tatra muhAvaroM kA prayoga draSTavya hai - 'maM tusa kaMDi' (bhUse kA khaMDana mata kara ) 'chaddi gilaMti' ( vamana karake use nigalate haiM ) 'ekkahiM kema samati baDha be khaMDA pariyAri' (eka myAna meM do talavAreM kaise A sakatI haiM) 1.121 'baisANaru lohaha~ miliu teM piTTiyai ghaNehiM ' 2. 128 2.91 'maNi jAu vihANu' (mana meM jJAna kA prabhAta ho gayA) 'ma vAhi tuhu~ appaNa khaMdhi kuhADi' (apane kaMdhe para Apa hI kulhAr3I na calAe) 2.138 bhASA meM (athaca samAja meM ) prAjJoktiyA~ tatkAlIna athavA pUrvakAlIna paristhitiyoM meM udbhUta ve anubhavagata niSkarSa haiM jinase nava-jIvana sadaiva anuprANita hotA hai / inheM lokokti kahA jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI koI viziSTa ghaTanA artha-vizeSa ko vyakta karane kA AdhAra pradAna karatI hai, jise kahAvata ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| joiMdu lokakavi the / ataH unake kAvya meM lokoktiyoM kA prayoga anekazaH milatA hai - 2.98 ( Aga lohe se mila jAtI hai, tabhI ghana se use pITA jAtA hai ) 2. 110 'so daiveNa ji muMDiyau sIsu khaDillau jAsu' (jisakA sira daivayoga se hI muMDita hai, use muMDita nahIM kahA jAtA) 2.139 'mUla viNaTThai taru-varaha~ avasai~ sukkahi~ paNNa' (mUla vinaSTa hone para usake patte avazya hI sUkhate haiM ) 2.140 kAvya meM prayukta bhASA biMbAtmaka hotI hai jo zabda aura artha donoM dharAtaloM para caritArtha hotI hai| isa saMdarbha meM paMta kA kathana ullekhanIya hai " kavitA ke lie citrabhASA kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| usake zabda sasvara hone cAhie, jo bolate hoM, seba kI taraha jinakI rasamadhura lAlimA bhItara samA na sakane ke kAraNa bAhara jhalaka par3e, jo apane bhAva ko apanI

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56 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 hI dhvani meM A~khoM ke Age citrita kara sake, jo jhaMkAra meM citra aura citra meM jhaMkAra ho, jinakA bhAvasaMgIta vidyuta-dhArA kI taraha roma-roma meM pravAhita ho sake, jisakA saurabha sUMghate hI sA~soM dvArA aMdara paiThakara hRdayAkAza meM samA jaae| jApAna kI dvIpamAlikA kI taraha jisakI choTIchoTI paMktiyA~ apane aMtastala meM sulagate jvAlAmukhI ko dabA na sakane ke kAraNa anaMta zvAsocchvAsa ke bhUkaMpa meM kA~patI hoN|" kAvya meM biMba-vidhAna kalpanA ke dvArA hotA hai| AcArya rAmacaMdra zukla ne biMba ke lie jisa 'vizeSa' kI bAta kahI hai, vaha bhI mUlataH kalpanAprasUta hI hai| kedAranAtha siMha ke zabdoM meM - "kalpanAvRtti ke bhItara bhI yaha vizeSIkaraNa kI pravRtti kAma karatI hai, jaise anubhUtiyA~ kisI vizeSa vastu, dRzya, athavA kSaNa kI bodhaka hotI haiN|" ___ mahAkavi joiMdu ne kAvya-biMboM kI sRSTi aprastuta ke sAhAyya se kI hai| arthAMtaranyAsa aura dRSTAMta alaMkAroM ke dvArA abhISTArtha kI aisI prastuti/saMgati hai ki prastuta-aprastuta kA bheda hI samApta ho jAtA hai, yathA - taM Niya-NANu ji hoi Na vi jeNa pavaDDai raau| diNayara-kiraNaha~ purau jiya kiM bilasai tm-raau|| 2.76 arthAt jaise dinakara kI kiraNoM ke sammukha aMdhakAra zobhA nahIM pAtA, vaise hI AtmajJAna meM viSayoM kI abhilASA zobhA nahIM paatii| bhallAha vi NAsaMti guNa jaha~ saMsagga khlehiN| vaisANaru lohaha~ miliu teM piTTiyai ghnnehiN|| 2.110 arthAt jaise agni lohe ke saMsarga meM pITI-kUTI jAtI hai vaise hI doSoM ke saMsarga se guNa bhI malina ho jAte haiN| __ apane sAmAnya arthoM meM bhASA vAcika pratIkoM kI vyavasthA hai, kiMtu gUDha tatvoM kI abhivyakti ina sAmAnya pratIkoM se nahIM ho pAtI; unheM punarpratIkIkRta karanA par3atA hai| pratIka-yojanA ke pramukha sAdhana upamA, rUpaka, atizayokti tathA sAropA evaM sAdhyavasAnA lakSaNa haiM / joiMdu ke kAvya meM svataMtra pratIkoM kA prayoga nahIM huA hai, kyoMki inheM paramArtha-saMbaMdhI jJAna ko sahaja, sarala, rocaka DhaMga se janamAnasa ko saMpreSita karanA abhISTa thaa| isa dRSTi se joiMdu ke pratIka adhikatara rUpakoM meM vyakta hue haiM, jo na kevala abhipretArtha ko sahaja-gamya banAte haiM, apitu tadviSayaka bhAvacitra upasthita karane meM bhI sahAyaka siddha hote haiM. yathA - saMsAra vallI devAlaya deha 1.32 1.33 1.44 iMdriya grAma

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 57 jarA bhava sAgara 2. 105 yauvana draha 2.117 udrehikA 2. 133 iMdriya karabhaka 2. 136 viSaya vana 2. 136 paramasamAdhi mahAsara 2. 189 rUpakoM ke atirikta joiMdu ne upamAoM kA cayana bhI atyaMta sUjha-bUjha ke sAtha kiyA hai, yathA - karma vajra 1.78 samabhAva nAva 2.111 unhoMne svataMtra rUpa se aise pratIka kA prayoga kiyA hai, jisase abhISTArtha kI samagra pratIti hotI hai, yathA - jIvaha lakkhaNu jiNavarahi bhAsiu dNsnn-nnaannu| teNa Na kijjai bheu taha~ jai maNi jAu vihaannu|| 2.98 yahA~ 'vihANu' (vibhAta - saverA) 'jJAna' kA pratIka hai, jo sahaja rUpa se ajJAnAMdhakAra ke nivAraNa kI prakriyA ko vyakta karatA hai| __joiMdu ne apane kAvya meM katipaya aise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai jo apabhraMza-sAhitya meM sarvathA navIna to haiM hI, vilakSaNa bhI haiN| katipaya udAharaNa draSTavya haiM muNi dhavalA yoga. 68 ___ muni apane svabhAva, AcaraNa, Adi se zuddha hote haiN| isa bhAva ko jJApita karane ke lie joiMdu ne yaha prayoga kiyA hai| dhavala' ke sahaprayoga se 'muni' ke artha meM kaI gunI vRddhi ho jAtI hai| muni sAMsArika kAluSya se kabhI prabhAvita nahIM hote; unake sAhacarya se kAluSyayukta manuSya dhavalatA ko prApta karate haiM; ve tana aura mana, aMta:karaNa se niSkaluSa hote haiM; ve paramAtmA ke ciraMtana divya prakAza se prakAzita hote haiM; ityAdi kitane hI artha 'munidhavala' se vyakta hote haiN| isI prakAra, vAkya-stara para bhI unhoMne navIna artha kI udbhAvanA kI hai - ekkalau jai jAisihi to parabhAva cehi| (yoga.,70) yahA~ 'sva-para' ke bheda ko bahuta hI kalAtmaka DhaMga se dUra karane kA prayAsa ullekhanIya hai| yadi mAnava akelA hI hai, to kyA apanA aura kyA parAyA? niSkarSa yaha hai ki joiMdu kI apabhraMza tatkAlIna evaM tatkSetrIya lokabhASA kA utkRSTa pratidarza hai, jisakA prabhAva paravartI apabhraMza-kAvyoM meM spaSTataH dekhA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI,

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apabhraMza-bhAratI - 3-4 Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM ke vikAsa meM joiMdu kI bhASA pramANa-svarUpa prastuta karane meM mahatvapUrNa hai| jina dezI zabdoM kA mUla abhI taka nahIM khojA jA sakA hai, saMbhava hai, unheM joiMdu kI apabhraMza kI sahAyatA se khojane meM saphalatA prApta ho / 58 1. ravIMdranAtha zrIvAstava, saMracanAtmaka zailIvijJAna, dillI, 1979, pR. 130 1 2. viMcesTara, sama priMsipalsa oNfa liTarerI kriTisijma, nyUyArka, 1950, pR. 231 meM uddhRta | 3. pAla velerI, di ArTa oNfa poeTrI, anu. Denisa pholiyaTa, laMdana, 1958, pR. 631 4. rene veleka, e hisTrI oNfa mADarna kriTisijma, bhAga 2, laMdana, 1961, pR. 401 5. vI. ke gokaka, di poeTika eproca TU laiMgveja, oNksaforDa yUnivarsiTI presa, 1952, pR. 501 6. rAjeMdra varmA, sAhitya-samIkSA ke pAzcAtya mAnadaMDa, bhopAla, 1970, pR. 951 7. siyArAma tivArI, kAvyabhASA, maikamilana, 1976, pR. 1-50 1 8. TI. esa. iliyaTa, di myUz2ika oNpha poeTrI oNna poeTrI eMDa poeTsa, laMdana, 1965, pR. 29 / 9. ravIMdranAtha zrIvAstava, zailIvijJAna aura AlocanA kI naI bhUmikA, AgarA, 1972 / 10. ko. fedina, lekhana kauzala, (gorkI, mayAkovskI, tolastoya, fedina : lekhanakalA aura racanAkauzala, hiMdI - anu., alI azarafa ) pragati prakAzana, mAsko, 1977, pR. 3051 11. devakumAra jaina, joindu kI bhASA, aprakAzita zodha-prabaMdha / AdhAra-graMtha, paramAtmaprakAza evaM yogasAra, joiMdu, saMpAdaka - e. ena. upAdhye, baMbaI, 1960 / ' DaoN. devakumAra jaina sahAyaka prAdhyApaka zAsakIya chattIsagar3ha mahAvidyAlaya rAyapura, ma.pra. DaoN. citaraMjanakara rIDara, bhASAvijJAna- adhyayana zAlA paM. ravizaMkara zukla vizvavidyAlaya rAyapura, ma.pra.

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 janavarI - julAI - 1993 hindI sAhitya para apabhraMza kA prabhAva - joharA aphajala - 59 sAmAnyataH bhAratIya bhASAoM ke antargata (itihAsa meM) apabhraMza ko 'abhIroM' kI bhASA kahA jAtA hai| apabhraMza kA artha bigar3I huI bhASA se bhI liyA jAtA hai| aisA bhI mAnA jAtA rahA hai ki pA~cavIM zatI ke AsapAsa abhIroM kI eka jAti bhArata meM A basI thI / isa jAti kA mukhya vyavasAya pazupAlana thaa| ina abhIroM ne yahA~ ke samAja aura bhASA ko prabhAvita kiyaa| inakI bhASA meM grAmINa zabdoM kI pracuratA thii| AcArya daNDI ne apane kAvyAdarza meM likhA hai ki " kAvya meM abhIroM kI bhASA apabhraMza kahI jAtI hai| abhIroM kI yahI apabhraMza kahI jAnevAlI grAmINabhASA rAjabhASA aura sAhityika bhASA ke pada para AsIna huI" AcArya rAjazekhara ne bhI apabhraMza kaviyoM kA ullekha karate hue apanI 'kAvya mImAMsA' meM likhA hai ki 'rAjasabhA meM apabhraMza ke kaviyoM ke baiThane kA sthAna pazcima meM hotA thA 1/2 isase yaha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki apabhraMza pazcimI pradeza kI bhASA thii| apabhraMza kAvya kI sthApanA adhikatara dohA ke rUpa meM huii| isakA sabase prAcIna rUpa jainasAhitya tathA siddha-sAhitya meM milatA hai| bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se apabhraMza ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| - 1. jaina dharma se sambaddha kAvya, 2. siddhoM aura nAtha paMthiyoM kA sAhitya, 3. phuTakara grantha, sandeza rAsaka, kIrtilatA aura kIrtipatAkA Adi /

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60 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 __apabhraMza sAhitya ko hama isa prakAra bhI vibhAjita kara sakate haiM - (ka) pazcimI apabhraMza sAhitya aura (kha) pUrvI apabhraMza saahity| pazcimI apabhraMza sAhitya ke antargata rAjastutI, zRMgAra evaM vIratAmUlaka darpoktiyoM kI pradhAnatA milatI hai tathA pUrvI apabhraMza sAhitya meM nirguNa bhaktiparaka sAhitya ke bIja chipe hue haiN| ina donoM hI prakAra ke apabhraMza sAhitya kA prabhAva hindI sAhitya para sarvathA dRSTigocara hotA hai| hindI sAhitya kA apabhraMza sAhitya se atyanta nikaTa kA gaharA sambandha hai| apabhraMza ne hindI ko do prakAra se prabhAvita kiyA hai - (ka) paramparA se prApta sAhityika nidhi ko hindI taka pahu~cAkara aura (kha) apanI maulikatAoM se hindI ko samRddha krke| ___ puSpadanta ne rAjastuti se dUra raha kara zuddha dhArmika bhAva se sAhitya racanA kI hai| sAhitya racanA kI yaha pravRtti apabhraMza se hI hindI meM bhI aayii| puSpadanta kavi kAlidAsa aura bANa kI paramparA ke antargata Ate haiN| bhASA, zailI aura saMgIta Adi kA jo aizvarya kAlidAsa meM milatA hai vaha puSpadanta meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| apabhraMza se hindI kA vikAsa hone ke kAraNa jaina sAhitya kA hindI para paryApta prabhAva pdd'aa| hindI ke prAyaH sabhI kAvya-rUpa kisI na kisI rUpa meM apabhraMza se prabhAvita avazya haiN| apabhraMza ke aneka kAvya-rUpa, kAvya-zailiyA~ hindI meM bhI vikasita huii| hindI meM kAvya ke lie carita zabda kA prayoga apabhraMza se hI AyA hai| hindI sAhitya meM rAmacarita mAnasa, sujAnacarita, vIrasiMhadevacarita Adi kAvya isake udAharaNa haiN| hindI sAhitya ke AdikAlIna sAhitya - hammIra rAso, khumAna rAso, paramAla rAso tathA pRthvIrAja rAso para apabhraMza ke paravartI carita kAvyoM kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| hindI ke bIsaladeva rAso jaise kAvyoM para apabhraMza ke viraha kAvyoM - sandezavAhaka, bhavisayattakathA Adi kA prabhAva bhI spaSTataH dekhA jA sakatA hai| sUphI premAkhyAnaka kAvya bhI apabhraMza se atyadhika prabhAvita dikhAI dete haiN| apabhraMza meM ina premAkhyAnoM para dharma kA AvaraNa thA kintu hindI sAhitya meM ye premAkhyAna AdhyAtmika rUpa se AvRtta the| sUphiyoM kI kathAoM kA anta AdhyAtmikatA meM hotA hai, jabaki jaina kathAoM kA anta vairAgya meM hotA hai, sUphI kAvyoM meM nAyikA kI prApti ke lie nAyaka ko siMhala dvIpa kI yAtrA karavAI gayI hai| yahA~ ina para jo yoga kA prabhAva hai vaha apabhraMza se hI liyA gayA hai| ___ madhyakAlIna hindI kAvyoM meM prayukta dohA-caupAI-zailI kA sUtrapAta apabhraMza sAhitya meM ho cukA thaa| hindI kI mAtrika chanda aura tukAnta zailI apabhraMza kI hI dena hai| tulasI aura jAyasI Adi kaviyoM ne apane mahAkAvyoM meM apabhraMza kI hI dohA-caupAI-zailI kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| saMskRta kAvyoM meM rasa kI pradhAnatA thI aura apabhraMza kAvya meM caritra-citraNa kii| hindI sAhitya meM ina donoM paddhatiyoM kA samAveza huA hai| ____ apabhraMza ke siddhoM aura nAthoM kA prabhAva madhyakAlIna santoM ke kAvyoM para bhI spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| bhaktikAla kI cAroM dhArAeM kisI na kisI rUpa se apabhraMza se prabhAvita haiN| jJAnAzrayI zAkhA kI mukhya vizeSatAeM - nirguNa kI upAsanA, rUpakoM kA prayoga, rahasyavAda kI bhAvanA, guru kI mahattA, zAnta rasa kI abhivyakti, bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie dohoM aura padoM kA

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 61 prayoga, sabhI apabhraMza sAhitya ke jaina dharmAcAryoM aura siddhoM kI AdhyAtmika upadezAtmaka pravRttiyoM se prabhAvita haiN| jainoM kI khaMDana-maMDanAtmaka zailI aura vajrayAniyoM kI ulaTavAsiyA~ bhI yahA~ prApta hotI haiN| kabIradAsa para apabhraMza kA prabhAva spaSTarUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai - dAr3hI mUMcha mur3Aya ke, huA ghoTama ghott| mana ko kyoM nahIM mUr3iye, jAme bhariyA khott|| kucha isI prakAra kI bAta apabhraMza ke kavi rAmasiMha ne bhI 'pAhuDadohA' meM kahI hai - muMDiya muMDiya muMDiya sira muMDiu citta Na muNddiyaa| cittaha muMDaNu ji kiyau saMsArahaM khaMDaNu tiM kiyu|| isa prakAra donoM ne hI mana kI zuddhi para bala diyA hai| isI prakAra kA 'cittazodhana' prakaraNa meM vajrayAnI siddha Arya deva kA vacana hai - pratarannapi gaMgAyAM naiva zvA shuddhimrhti| tassAddharmadhiyAM puMsA tIrthasnAnaM tu nissphlm|| dharmo yadi bhavet snAnAt kaivartAnAM kRtaarthtaa| vaktaM divaM praviSTAnAM matsyAdInAM tu kA kthaa|' isa prakAra ke bhAva Age bhI santoM ke dvArA janatA taka pahu~cAe jAte rhe| jisakA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai - gaMgA ke nahAe kaho ko nari tarige, macharI na tarI jAko pAnI hI meM ghara hai| kabIradAsa ne jAti-pAti kA khaNDana, guru kI mahattA, preyasI-priyatama kI bhAvanA Adi ko apabhraMza kaviyoM se hI grahaNa kiyA hai / isake atirikta santoM ne jina rUpakoM kA prayoga apane kAvya meM kiyA hai, ve bhI inhIM se liye gaye haiN| lokanAyaka mahAkavi tulasIdAsa ke grantha 'rAmacarita mAnasa' para bhI apabhraMza kAvyoM kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| 'sandezarAsaka' aura rAmacarita mAnasa meM prayukta kucha chanda to eka dUsare ke anuvAda pratIta hote haiM / udAharaNa ke lie hama sandezarAsaka kI kucha paMktiyoM ko dekha sakate haiM - maha himayaM rayaNa nihI, mahiyaM guru maMdareNa taM nnicc| ummUliyaM asesaM, suharayaNaM kar3iDhayaM ca tuha pimme|| aba rAmacarita mAnasa kA bhI eka udAharaNa hama dekha sakate haiM - brahma payonidhi maMdara gyAna saMta sura aahiN| kathA sudhA mathi kADhahIM bhagati madhuratA jaahiN| isI prakAra se kRSNa-bhakti zAkhA bhI isake prabhAva se achUtI nahIM rahI hai| kRSNa-bhakta kaviyoM ne jina rUpakoM aura upamAoM kA prayoga kiyA hai ve apabhraMza sAhitya se hI grahaNa kiye

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 gaye haiN|'jhaaj ke paMchI' se mana kI jo upamA sUra ne dI hai vaha isakA jvalanta pramANa hai| siddhoM ke haThayoga kI pratikriyA tulasI ke atirikta sUra meM bhI dikhAI detI hai / jaise 62 bAha chor3Aye jAta ho nibala jAni ke mohi / hiradai tai jaba jAhuge sabala jAnUMgI tohi // - sUra ke isa dohe para apabhraMza ke nimna dohe kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| balki kabhI to aisA AbhAsa hotA hai, mAno sUra ne apane dohe meM nimnalikhita dohe kA anuvAda mAtra kiyA hai - bAha vichor3avi jAhi tuhuM hauM tevaMI ko dosu / hiaya-TiTa jaI nIsarahi jANauM muMjasa roSa // AdikAla aura bhaktikAla ke atirikta jaba hama rItikAla para dRSTipAta karate haiM to AbhAsa hotA hai ki yaha kAla bhI apabhraMza ke prabhAva se achUtA nahIM raha pAyA hai| nayanaMdI ke 'sudaMsaNacariu' ke Rtu varNana, vivAha, nakha-zikha saundarya, nAyikA bheda, rIti Adi kA rItikAla para paryApta prabhAva par3A hai| rIti kAvyoM kI mukhya rUpa se vizeSatA hai AzrayadAtAoM kA gunngaan| yaha pravRtti apabhraMza sAhitya ke carita granthoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| rItikAla ke bArahamAse para bhI apabhraMza sAhitya kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| hindI sAhitya ke Arambhika tInoM kAloM para to apabhraMza kA prabhAva vizeSarUpa se par3A hai, kintu isa prabhAva se Adhunika kAla bhI nahIM baca pAyA hai| hA~ ! itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki pAzcAtya sAhitya se adhika prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa Adhunika kAla apabhraMza sAhitya se utanA adhika prabhAvita nahIM ho pAyA hai, jitane ki anya tInoM kAla / 'apabhraMza kI sabhI racanAeM muktaka tathA prabandha kevala ina do hI rUpoM meM prApta hotI haiN| muktaka racanAoM meM kahIM-kahIM zRMgAra aura vIra rasa kI sundara racanAeM bhI milatI haiM jinase tatkAlIna loka-kathAoM para bhI prakAza par3atA hai| ina kathAoM meM muMja aura mRNAlavatI kI kathA Adi meM paryApta aupanyAsika sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| inhIM kathAoM ko zrI kanhaiyAlAla maNika lAla muMzI ne gujarAtI meM 'pRthvIvallabha' tathA 'gujarAta ke nAtha' upanyAsoM kA AdhAra bnaayaa|' $5 apabhraMza ke kAvyarUpoM aura chandoM kA hindI ke kAvyarUpoM aura chandoM para gaharA prabhAva par3A hai / geya kAvyoM kI dRSTi se apabhraMza sAhitya bahuta adhika samRddha thaa| anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki sambhavata: 'sandeza rAsaka' mUlataH rAsaka chanda- pradhAna kAvya hogaa| bAda meM chanda kAvya kA paryAya bana gayA jisakA prayoga AdikAla meM vIragAthAkAla kI cAraNa racanAoM ke lie kiyA gyaa| bAda meM isameM vIra rasa ko bhI milA liyA gyaa| apabhraMza sAhitya meM isa prakAra ke kaI rAsa kAvya haiM aura hindI meM isakA udAharaNa pRthvIrAja rAso hai / hindI sAhitya meM kabIra, sUra, tulasI aura mIrA Adi ne pada likhe haiN| padoM kI paramparA siddhoM meM milatI hai / siddhoM ke caryA pada geya pada hI haiN| hindI ne apabhraMza kI jIvanta paramparA kA bhASA aura sAhitya donoM hI kSetroM meM avismaraNIya vikAsa kiyA hai| DaoN. haz2ArIprasAda dvivedI ne apabhraMza sAhitya ke mahatvapUrNa yogadAna ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai| 'isa prakAra hindI sAhitya meM prAyaH pUrI paramparAeM "

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 ___63 jyoM kI tyoM surakSita haiN| zAyada hI kisI prAntIya sAhitya meM ye sArI kI sArI vizeSatAeM itanI mAtrA meM aura isa rUpa meM surakSita hoN| yaha saba dekhakara yadi hindI ko apabhraMza sAhitya se abhinna samajhA jAtA hai to ise anucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ina UparI sAhityarUpoM ko chor3a bhI diyA jAya to bhI isa sAhitya kI prANadhArA niravicchinna rUpa se paravartI hindI sAhitya meM pravAhita hotI rahI hai| * * * * prakRta yahI hai ki ina sAmyoM ko dekhakara yadi hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa lekhakoM ne apabhraMza sAhitya ko hindI sAhitya kA mUla rUpa samajhA to ThIka hI kiyaa| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki hindI sAhitya ke kisI bhI pakSa, jaise- kAvya rUpoM, kAvya paddhatiyoM, bhAva pakSa aura kalA pakSa dekheM to unameM sarvatra hI apabhraMza kA prabhAva thor3Abahuta avazya dekhane ko mila jaayegaa|"hindii eka jIvanta bhASA hai aura vaha apabhraMza kI jIvanta prANadhArA tathA paramparA ko lekara calI hai| usameM apabhraMza sAhitya kI uddharaNImAtra prastuta nahIM kI gaI hai| usameM hindI ke sAhityakAra kI vikAsonmukha pratibhA, apanA hI puTa hai jo ki sarvathA abhinandanIya hai|" 1-2. hindI bhASA kA itihAsa, DaoN. lakSmI lAla vairAgI, pR. 15-16, saMghI prakAzana, 53, bApU bAjAra, udayapura 3130011 3. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, AcArya rAmacandra zukla, pR. 12, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vaaraannsii| 4. vahI 5. hindI upanyAsa (aitihAsika adhyayana), DaoN.zivanArAyaNa zrIvAstava, pR. 13, prakAzaka, sarasvatI mandira, jatanabara, vArANasI ke AdhAra pr| 6. hindI sAhitya yuga aura pravRttiyA~, DaoN. zivakumAra zarmA, pR. 51-52, azoka prakAzana, naI sar3aka, dillI -6 / 7. hindI sAhitya yuga aura pravRttiyA~, DaoN. zivakumAra zarmA, pR. 51-52, azoka prakAzana, naI sar3aka, dillI -61 pravaktA va adhyakSa hindI vibhAga kazmIra vizvavidyAlaya zrInagara (kazmIra)

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 kallolullolahiM uvvahanti thovantareM macchutthalla denti / golA-Nai diTTha samuvahanti / suMsuara-ghora-ghurughuruharanti / kari-mayaraDDohiya-DuhuDuhanti / DiNDIra-saNDa-maNDaliu denti / daduraya-raDiya-duruduruduranti / kallolullolahi uvvahanti / ugghosa-ghosa-ghavaghavaghavanti / paDikhaLaNa-valaNa-khalakhalakhalanti / khalakhaliya-khalakka-jhanakka denti / sasi-saGkha-kunda-dhavalojhareNa / kAraNDDaDDAdhiya-DambareNa / pattA - pheNAvali-vaGkiya valayAlatiya NaM mahi-kulavahuNaaheM taNiya / jalaNihi-bhattArahoM mottiya-hArahoM vAha pasAriya dAhiNiya / -paumacariu 31.3 thor3I dUra para unheM (rAma-lakSmaNa ko) matsyoM se uchAla detI huI aura bahatI huI godAvarI nadI dikhAI dii| zizu-mAroM ke ghora ghura-ghura zabda se ghuraghurAtI huI, gaja aura magaroM se Alor3ita Duha-Duha karatI huI, phenasamUha kA maNDala detI huI, meMDhakoM kI raTanta se Tura-Tura karatI huI, laharoM ke ullola se bahatI huI, udghoSa ke ghoSa se ghaba-ghaba karatI huI pratiskhalana aura mur3ane se khala-khala karatI huI, jisane haMsoM ko ur3Ane kA ADambara kiyA hai, aise candra, zaMkha aura kunda puSpa ke samAna dhavala nirjhara se skhalita caTTAnoM ko jhaTakA detI huI, jisake pAsa motI kA hAra hai, aise samudrarUpI pati ke lie prasArita phenAvali se vakra tathA valaya se aMkita jo mAno dharatIrUpI kulavadhU kI dAyIM bA~ha ho / - anu. DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 janavarI - julAI - 1993 65 muni rAmasiMha kRta 'dohA pAhuDa' kA bhASA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa - zrImatI AbhArAnI jaina Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASAoM aura pUrva bhAratIya AryabhASA kI bIca kI kar3I kA nAma 'apabhraMza' hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se apabhraMza sAhitya kA yuga 7vIM I. se 12vIM I. taka mAnA jAtA hai, vaise to bola-cAla ke rUpa meM isa bhASA kA ullekha kAphI samaya pahale se hI milatA hai|' vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se apabhraMza kA vizleSaNa prAkRta ke saMdarbha meM huA kyoMki vaiyAkaraNa prAyaH use prAkRta hI samajhate the| yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki jisa prakAra prAkRta kA vyAkaraNa saMskRta ke AdhAra para likhA jAtA rahA hai usI prakAra apabhraMza kA prAkRta ke AdhAra pr| tathApi bhAratIya sAhitya meM apabhraMza bhASA kA sAhitya hI ekamAtra aisA sAhitya hai, jisameM sRjana atyanta vistRta rUpa meM huA, para usakA anusaMdhAna evaM prakAzana sRjana ke samakSa nagaNya prAya: hai / ata: isa vidhA meM anusaMdhAna kI pracura sambhAvanAeM upalabdha haiM / apabhraMza bhASA ke sAhitya meM caritrakAvya, kathAkAvya Adi pAramparika vidhAoM ke atirikta sphuTa AdhyAtmika racanAoM ko prAyaH 'dohA saMgrahoM' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi ukta sphuTa racanAoM kA dArzanika, AdhyAtmika tathA bhASA-vijJAna ke dRSTikoNa se atyadhika mahatva hai, lekina ina para abhI taka koI vizeSa zodha-prabandha nahIM likhA gayA hai| apabhraMza kA aisA hI eka AdhyAtmika grantha 'pAhuDa dohA' yA 'dohA pAhuDa' nAma se prApta hotA hai / katipaya vidvAna isakA nAma 'pAhuDa dohA' kaha kara usake vividha zabdArtha prastuta karate

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 haiM to kucha vidvAnoM ne ise 'dohA pAhuDa' bhI kahA hai| prathama nAmakaraNa ke anusAra 'pAhuDa dohoM kA' tathA anyAnusAra 'dohoM kA pAhuDa' aisA sugama evaM vyAvahArika vigraha niSpanna hotA hai| vaise yadi jaina darzana ke 'pAhuDa' nAmavAle granthoM kA avalokana kareM to lagabhaga sampUrNa 'pAhuDa' - paramparA meM granthoM ke nAmakaraNa 'pAhuDAnta' hue haiM, yathA samayapAhuDa' va bhAvapAhuDa (kundakundAcArya dvArA racita) ityAdi / ataH 'pAhuDa' granthoM kI paramparA evaM vyAkaraNa kI saMgati ke anusAra mujhe grantha kA nAma 'dohA - pAhuDa' adhika susaMgata pratIta hotA hai| 66 - grantha ke nAmakaraNa ke samAna hI granthakarttA ke bAre meM bhI paryApta vivAda vidvata- paramparA meM vidyamAna hai / pramukha vivAda 'dohA pAhuDa' grantha ke joindu ( yogIndu) kRta hone kA hai kintu upalabdha pramANoM ke gahana adhyayana ke uparAnta merI yaha spaSTa avadhAraNA hai ki dohA pAhuDa grantha kI racanA yogIndu ne nahIM, apitu muni rAmasiMha ne hI kI hai| inameM sarvapramukha pramANa hai - mUlagrantha, usakI puSpikA meM granthakarttA kA nAma 'rAmasIhamuNi' prApta hotA hai| 'dohA pAhuDa' 'grantha ko yogIndu kRta kahane meM vidvAnoM ke sAmane tIna pramukha pramANa upalabdha 1. joindu (yogIndu) ke granthoM ke kaI dohe yathAvat rUpa meM athavA kiMcit parivartana ke sAtha 'dohA pAhuDa' meM upalabdha haiN| 2. prastuta grantha kI katipaya pratiyoM meM granthakAra kA nAma yogendra athavA yogIndra AyA. hai / 3. yogIndu ke do pramukha granthoM kI bhASA evaM viSaya kA 'dohA pAhuDa' kI bhASA evaM viSaya se pracura sAmya hai| 10 vizeSata: ukta tIna kAraNoM se hI vidvAnoM ne 'dohA pAhuDa' ko joindu (yogIndu) kRta mAnA hai kintu nimnalikhita tathyoM ke AdhAra para ye pramANa sabala pratIta hote hue bhI, antima rUpa se nirNAyaka siddha nahIM ho pAte haiM . - 1. koI bhI granthakAra apane dvArA racita dohoM kI punarAvRtti yA piSTapeSaNa se bacanA cAhatA hai / 2. lipikAroM dvArA die gae nAma kabhI bhI antima rUpa se pramANa nahIM mAne jA sakate haiM / 3. anya granthakAra prAyaH pUrvavartI granthakAroM ke granthoM ke uddharaNa athavA unakA yathAvat anusaraNa karate Aye haiM tathA bhASA-zailI evaM viSayagata sAmya saMyogavaza bhI ho sakate haiN| ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki pUrvokta tIna binduoM ke AdhAra para 'dohA pAhuDa' ko yogIndu kI racanA mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / eka anya sambhAvanA kI ora bhI dhyAna jAtA hai ki muni rAmasiMha aura yogIndu muni eka hI vyakti ke do nAma rahe hoN|" rAmasiMha pahale kA nAma hogA aura jaba ve muni ho gaye hoMge to unakA nAma yogIndu muni ho gayA hogaa| lekina 'dohA-pAhuDa' grantha meM 'rAma sIhumuNi ima

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 67 bhaNai' yaha vAkya hai jisase spaSTa hai ki 'rAmasiMha' aura 'yogIndu muni' eka hI vyakti nahIM hai tathA granthakAra ne apane nAma ke sAtha jo 'muNi' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai vaha to dIkSA-uparAnta hI nAma ke sAtha prayukta kiyA jAtA hai, kisI gRhastha-vyakti ke nAma ke sAtha yaha zabda (muni) nahIM lagAyA jAtA hai| gahana anuzIlana evaM anusaMdhAna ke pazcAt hama isa nirNaya para pahuMcate haiM ki muni rAmasiMha aura yogIndu eka hI vyakti nahIM, do bhinna vyakti haiM aura donoM meM paryApta samayabheda bhI hai| muni rAmasiMha 'sAvayadhamma dohA' ke racayitA devasena (vi. saM. 990, 937 I.) aura 'zabdAnuzAsana' ke racayitA hemacandra (san 1100) ke bIca san 1000 I. ke lagabhaga hue| isa tathya ke sAtha hI yogIndu ke pakSa meM die gae dohoM ke uddharaNa Adi pramANa bhI svataH isa bAta kI puSTi karate haiM ki yogIndu muni rAmasiMha ke pUrvavartI the evaM 'dohA pAhuDa' kI racanA ke samaya yogIndukRta 'paramAtmaprakAza, yogasAra' Adi grantha unake samakSa upalabdha the| sAtha hI yogIndu chaThI zatAbdI I. ke vidvAna haiM aura 'dohA pAhuDa' kI racanA dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM huii| yaha tathya uge hue sUrya kI bhAMti yaha svataH pramANita karatA hai ki 'dohA pAhuDa' muni rAmasiMha kI hI racanA hai| 'dohA pAhuDa' jaisI utkRSTa apabhraMza sAhityika kRti para bhASAvaijJAnika dRSTi se koI vizeSa kArya Aja taka sampAdita nahIM huA hai, ata: usameM prayukta apabhraMza bhASA ke bhASA-zAstrIya adhyayana kI prAthamika ceSTA prastuta nibandha meM kI gayI hai| apabhraMza ke bAre meM prathama ullekha maharSi pataJjali ke mahAbhASya meM prApta hotA hai, vahA~ unhoMne kahA hai ki eka-eka zabda ke kaI-kaI apabhraMza haiN| isake uparAnta bharatamuni ne apane nATyazAstra meM katipaya apabhraMza zabdoM kA prayoga kiyaa| kintu apabhraMza bhASA kA sAhityika rUpa pAMcavIM zatAbdI se prApta hotA hai aura chaThI zatAbdI se AcArya joindu (yogIndu) ke dvArA apabhraMza sAhitya sugaThita rUpa lene lgaa| AThavIM-navIM zatAbdI taka yaha krama claa| ___ apabhraMza bhASA evaM sAhitya kA vAstavika utkarSa-kAla I. kI 9vIM zatAbdI se 15vIM zatAbdI taka rhaa| isa samaya apabhraMza bhASA pUrNa vikasita evaM sugaThita rUpa le cukI thI tathA isakA sAhitya bhI bahu-AyAmI ho gayA thA, cUMki muni rAmasiMha kA kAla I. kI 10vIM-11vIM zatAbdI anumAnita hai, ata: spaSTa hai ki muni rAmasiMha ke sAhitya meM bhI apabhraMza bhASA kA rUpa apane utkarSa yuga ke anurUpa hI honA caahie| muni rAmasiMha kRta 'dohA pAhuDa' meM apabhraMza bhASA' kA anuzIlana nimna prakAra hai - muni rAmasiMha kRta 'dohA pAhuDa' meM apabhraMza bhASA sammata zabdarUpoM evaM dhAturUpoM ke sAmAnya prayoga to prApta hote hI haiM jo ki apabhraMza vyAkaraNa ke nirdiSTa prayogoM ke anusAra hI haiM kintu katipaya viziSTa prayoga bhI isameM prApta hote haiM jinheM zabdarUpa, dhAturUpa, kRdanta, avyaya, dezI zabda tathA anya prayoga ina cha: vargoM meM vibhAjita kara unakA saMkSipta vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai - zabdarUpa zabdarUpoM meM donoM taraha ke prayoga apabhraMza vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'dohA pAhuDa' meM upalabdha haiM -

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68 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 1. vibhaktivAle prayoga 2. parasargayukta pryog| vibhakti-prayoga meM hI dvitIyA evaM saptamI ke prayogoM meM kucha vaiziSTya parilakSita hotA hai| yathA -'AyAI' arthAt 'Apatti meM (padya-6), isameM 'I' pratyaya kA prayoga saptamI artha meM huA hai| isI prakAra 'dhaMdhaI' (padya -7) meM bhI 'I' pratyaya saptamI artha meM prayukta huA hai| jabaki (padya 5) 'hiyaDaI', (padya-7) 'kammaI' meM yahI pratyaya dvitIyA ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| isI prakAra eka hI padya meM 'I' pratyaya kA saptamI aura dvitIyA donoM ke artha meM bhI prayoga prApta hotA hai (pdy-47)| padya-70 meM 'matthaI siMgaI hoMti' arthAt mAthe para sIMga hote haiM isa vAkya meM 'matthaI' zabda meM saptamI prayoga, siMgaI' meM dvitIyA prayoga niSpanna huA hai tathA vaTTaDiyA' arthAt 'mArga para' viziSTa saptamI prayoga hai| vibhakti ke atirikta zabda ke pratyayasahita parasarga ke prayoga bhI isameM prApta hote haiN| yathA - padya-36 meM - 'kammahaM kerau' meM 'kammahaM' zabda meM 'haM' pratyaya prayoga hone ke uparAnta bhI 'kerau' isa SaSThI-arthaka parasarga kA prayoga huA hai| dhAturUpa-prayoga ___ zabdarUpoM kI apekSA kriyApadoM (dhAturUpoM) meM adhika vaividhya prApta hotA hai| jaise - 'phiTTai' (padya-2) yaha eka viziSTa kriyApada hai| isI prakAra 'vaDavaDaI' arthAt bar3abar3AtA hai (padha-6) jaise loka-jIvana ke kriyApada bhI prApta hote haiN| kriyA ke vaiziSTya ke atirikta kriyArUpoM ke vaiziSTya bhI pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha haiN| yathA - 'mukkI' arthAt chor3a detA hai (padya-15) meM aniyamita kriyA prayoga hai| 'jhakhAI' arthAt saMtApa pahuMcA (padya-131) meM viziSTa-kriyApada kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| niSedhAtmaka kriyApada prayogoM meM bhI kahIM-kahIM chanda ke anurodha se aura kahIM-kahIM sahaja hI vaividhya prApta hotA hai| yathA - kriyApada ke sAtha niSedha-sUcaka'mA' upapada kA prayoga kiyA jAtA rahA hai, kintu 'dohA pAhuDa' meM 'mA' ke sthAna para 'maM' (padya-13) tathA 'ma' (padya-17 ma-vAhi-matamAra) ina upapadoM kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra padya-155 meM 'jaMtau-vAri' arthAt jAne se roko yaha AjJArthaka kriyA-pada tathA usI meM 'bhaMjesai' arthAt bhaMga kara degA va 'paDisai' (par3egA), yaha bhaviSyatakAlIna viziSTa kriyA-prayoga hai tathA padya-19 meM sambhAvanA-sUcaka Asanna bhaviSya ke artha meM 'viDhappaI' isa vartamAna-kAlika kriyApada kA prayoga huA hai| kRdanta-prayoga _ 'dohA-pAhuDa' meM kriyA-sthAnIya kRdanta prayoga bhI vaividhyapUrNa upalabdha haiN| yathA - 'AbhuMjaMtA' (padya-4) meM 'AG' upasargapUrvaka, vartamAnakAlika kRdanta kA prayoga bilkula saMskRta ke samAna hI huA hai| tathA 'Nirattha gaya' isameM 'gaya' isa bhUtakAlika kRdanta pada kA yahA~ vartamAna kAla artha meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI- 3-4 avyaya-prayoga isameM bahuvidha avyaya - prayoga prApta hote haiM / yathA - 'vappuDaDaM' arthAt becArA (padya-5), 'aDavaDa' arthAt aTapaTA (padya - 6), 'aNNu ki' arthAt to aura kyA (padya-70) jaise avyaya prayogoM ke atirikta 'ammie' ( padya - 51) AzcaryasUcaka avyaya tathA 'ji', 'i' ye do nizcayArthaka avyaya bhI prApta hote haiN| isI prakAra padya - 108 meM 'puttie' arthAt putri ke ' ammie' ke sadRza sambodhanArtha avyaya-sA pratIta hotA hai| dezI prayoga apabhraMza bhASA to apane viziSTa dezI prayogoM ke dvArA hI jAnI jAtI hai| 'dohA - pAhuDa' meM 'zithila' ke artha meM 'Dhillau' ( padya - 43), 'kA~TA' ke lie 'sallaDA' (padya-74), spRzyaaspRzya' ke lie 'chopu - achopu', (padya-139), lajjAvAna zabda ke lie 'dhaMdhavAlu' (padya122) jaise viziSTa - dezI prayoga prApta hote haiN| vahIM padya kramAMka 113 meM 'bhiyamaDA' jaise viziSTa dezI zabda kA prayoga bhI prApta hai, jisakA artha adyAvadhi ajJAta hI hai / 69 anya prayoga pUrvokta vividha prayogoM ke atirikta katipaya lokoktiyoM ke viziSTa prayoga isameM haiM, jaise - padya-21 meM DAla se cUke bandaroM ke samAna' ke lie 'palaMbacuya - bahuya', isI prakAra padya - 97 meM 'usa eka akSara ko par3ho, jisase zivapura gamana ho' prayukta isa vAkya kI tulanA kabIra ke 'DhAI akSara prema kA par3he, so paNDita hoe' se kI jA sakatI hai tathA padya - 155 kI zabdAvalI evaM bhAva kI 'mRcchakaTikam' nATaka meM eka nAI ke bauddha bhikSu bana jAne para usake dvArA die gae upadeza meM Azcaryajanaka samAnatA hai|" isI prakAra lokoktiyoM evaM tulanAtmaka prayogoM ke atirikta, katipaya viziSTa prayoga bhI isameM prApta hote haiN| yathA - 'ekallaDa' arthAt akelA (padya - 75), saMdhukkI arthAt sphuliMga (padya - 87 ) jaise prayoga bhI upalabdha haiN| padya - 184 meM 'sayalIkaraNu' arthAt 'sakalIkaraNa' eka vidhAna hai, jo devArAdhanA, devapratiSThAdi meM vighnazAnti ke hetu kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra 'khavaNaa' se 'kSapaNaka' arthAt 'digambara', 'sevaDa' se 'zvetAmbara' kA abhiprAya hai| sAtha hI hindI kavitA jaise tukAnta prayoga vaise to pUre hI grantha meM upalabdha haiM kintu padya kramAMka 139-140 Adi meM vizeSarUpa se dRSTavya haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 'dohA - pAhuDa' grantha meM apabhraMza bhASA ke anekavidha viziSTa prayoga prApta hote haiM jo ki bhASA - zAstrIya adhyayana kI dRSTi se bahu-upayogI upAdAna bana sakate haiN| 1. DaoN. jaina devendrakumAra, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya, granthAMka - 152, prathama saMskaraNa 1966, pRSTha saM. 42 / - 2. vahI, pRSTha saMkhyA 26 1 3. DA. siMha vAsudeva, apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina- rahasyavAda, prathama saMskaraNa, saMvat - 2022, pRSTha saM. 511

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 4. 'muni rAmasiMha' viracita 'pAhuDa dohA', DA. hIrAlAla jaina, vi. saMvat 1990, pRSTha saMkhyA 13 / 5. DA. siMha vAsudeva, vahI, pRSTha saMkhyA 51-52 / 6. vahI, pRSTha saMkhyA 48 se 51 / 7. pAhuDa dohA, padya kramAMka 211, rAmasIhamuNi ima bhaNai' / 8. dRSTavya - 'paramAtmaprakAza' kA padya kramAMka - 8 aura 'yogasAra' kA padya kramAMka - 108 / 9. muni rAmasiMha, 'pAhuDa dohA', bhUmikA, pRSTha saM. 11 / 10. 'pAhuDa dohA' kI bhUmikA, pRSTha saM. 26 / 11. DA. siMha vAsudeva, apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, prathama saMskaraNa, saMvat - 2022, pRSTha saM. 53 / 12. DA. zarmA, rAmagopAla 'dineza', apabhraMza bhASA kA vyAkaraNa aura sAhitya, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1982 / 13. DA. jaina devendrakumAra, apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya, granthAMka - 152, prathama saMskaraNa - 1966 pRSTha saM. - 81 / 14. mahAbhASya (nirNaya sAgara presa, muMbaI), ekaikasya hi zabdasya bahavo'pabhraMzAH / 15. bharatamuni, nATyazAstra (caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja), 17/49-50 / 16. pAhuDa dohA - ammiya ihu maNu hatthiyA viiMtra jaMtai vaari| taM gaMNesai sIlavaNu puNu paDirAi saMsAri 155 // tulanA mRcchakaTikam - zila muMDide, tuMDa muMDide citta ma muMDide, kIza muNddide|| vAI-343, sarojanI nagara naI dillI-23

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 janavarI-julAI-1993 apabhraMza kathA saurabha - DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI apabhraMza bhAratI ke dvitIya aMka meM vidyArthiyoM ke adhyayana evaM abhyAsa hetu prAkRta kathAoM se apabhraMza meM anuvAdita do kathAeM - (1) amaMgaliya purisaho kahA tathA (2) viusIhe puttabahU he kahANagu, hindI anuvAdasahita prakAzita kI gaI thiiN| usI krama meM isa aMka meM bhI apabhraMza meM anuvAdita do kathAeM - (1) gAmillau sAgaDiu tathA (2) gehisUru hindI anuvAdasahita prakAzita kI jA rahI haiM /

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 gAmillau sAgaDiu atitha koi kahiM gAmellau gahavai privsi| so aNNayA dhaNNabhariu sagaDu leviNu paMjaragau tittarI sagaDi baMdhevi nayaru ptttthiu|sonyrgu ya gaMdhiyaputtahiM dekkhiu|so tarhi pucchiu - kiM ehu tujjha paMjarae ? teNa laviu - tittiru ti| taiyahuM tahiM laviu - kiM imu sagaDatittirI vikkijai ? teNa laviu - AmaM, vikkijji| tahiM bhaNiu - kiM labbhai ? sAgaDieNa bhaNiu - kaahaavnnennN| taiyahuM tahiM kAhAvaNu diNNu, sagaDu-tittiru ca gahevaM pvttaa| taiyahuM teNa sAgaDieNaM bhaNNai-kIsa eha sagaDu nehi ? tahiM bhaNiu - molleNaM liy| taiyatuM tAhaM vavahAru jaau| so sAgaDiu jiu| so sagaDu tittirIeM saha hiu| jasa sagaGa-uvagaraNu hiya so sagaDiu joga-khema nimittu ANiu baillu gahevi vikkosamANu gu| aNNe kulaputteM dekkhia, pucchiu ya - kIsa vikkosasi ? teNa laviu - sAmi ! ema saMdhiu huN| taiyatuM teNa sANukaMpeM bhaNiu - tAhaM ceva gehu vacca, 'ema ca bhaNahi' tti|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 73 grAmINa gAr3IvAna koI grAmINa gRhapati thA (jo) kahIM (gA~va meM) rahatA thaa| eka bAra usane dhana se bharI huI gAr3I ko lekara aura piMjare meM rakhe hue tItara ko gAr3I meM bAMdhakara nagara ko prasthAna kiyaa| (vaha) nagara meM gayA aura gaMdhI-putroM dvArA dekhA gyaa| vaha unake dvArA pUchA gayA - tumhAre piMjare meM yaha kyA hai ? usake dvArA kahA gayA - tiitr| taba unake dvArA kahA gayA - kyA yaha gAr3I meM (rakhA huA) tItara becA jAegA (becA jAtA hai)? usake dvArA kahA gayA - hA~, becA jaaygaa| unake dvArA kahA gayA - kyA prApta kiyA jAyagA ? gAr3IvAle ke dvArA kahA gayA - eka kArSApaNa (sikke) se becA jaaygaa| taba unake dvArA eka kArSApaNa diyA gayA, (ve) gAr3I aura tItara ko grahaNa karane ke lie pravRtta hue| taba usa gAr3IvAle ke dvArA kahA gayA - (tuma) yaha gAr3I kyoM le jAte ho? unake dvArA kahA gayA - mola se lI gaI (hai)|tb unakA phaisalA huaa| vaha gAr3IvAlA jIta liyA gyaa| tItara ke sAtha vaha gAr3I le jAI gii| jisakA gADIrUpI sAdhana le jAyA gayA vaha gAr3IvAna yoga-kSema ke lie lAye gaye baila ko lekara rotA huA gyaa| (vaha) dUsare kulaputra ke dvArA dekhA gayA aura pUchA gayA - (tuma) kyoM rote ho? usake dvArA kahA gayA - he svAmI ! maiM isa prakAra ThagA gyaa| taba usake dvArA dayAsahita kahA gayA - unake hI ghara ko jA aura isa prakAra kh|

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apabhraMza - bhAratI - 3-4 taiyahuM so taM vayaNu suNi gaDa gamevi ya teNa (te) bhaNiyA - sAmi ! tumhehiM mahu bhaMDabhariu sagaDu hiu, tAvehi imu pi baillu geNhaha / mahu puNu sattuyA dupAliyA deha, taM gaheppi hauM vccuN| hauM jAsu va kAsu va hatthe Nau gahauM / jA tujjha ghariNI pANehiM vi piyayarI savvAlaMkArabhUsiyA tAe dAyavvA, tAvehiM mahu paru tuTThI bhavesai / hauM appANu jIvalogabbhaMtaru mannesauM / 74 tAvehiM tahiM sakkhI AhUyA, bhaNiu ca- 'ema hou / ' tAtAhaM puttamAyA sattuyA dupAliyA gaheviNu NiggayA, teNa sA hattheM gahiyA / taM viNu paTTi / tehiM bhaNiu - kiM ehu karesi ? teNa bhaNiu - sattuyA dupAliyA neuM / tayahuM tAhaM sadhaiM mahAjaNu saMgahia - (te) pucchiyA kiM ehu ? tehiM jahAvattu savvu parikahiu / samAgayajaNeNa vavahAraNicchau majjhattheNaM suNiu / parAjiA te gNdhiyputtaa| kileseNa sA mahilA moyAviu / sagaDDu attheNa bahueNa sahuM paridiNNu /

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apabhraMza - bhAratI 3-4 taba vaha usake vacana ko sunakara gayA aura jAkara usake dvArA kahA gayA - he svAmI ! tumhAre dvArA merI vastuoM se bharI huI gAr3I le lI gaI hai, to yaha baila bhI Apa leleM / (aura) mere lie do pAlI (kaTorI) sattU dedeM, usako lekara maiM (calA) jaauuNgaa| maiM jisa-kisa ke hAtha se grahaNa nahIM karU~gA / saba alaMkAroM se bhUSita prANoM se bhI adhika pyArI jo tumhArI patnI hai usake dvArA diyA jAnA cAhie / taba merI uttama tuSTI hogii| maiM apane ko jIvaloka meM (bhAgyazAlI ) mAnU~gA / taba unake dvArA gavAha bulAe gaye aura kahA gayA 'isa prakAra hove / ' taba unake putroM kI mAtA do pAlI sattU lekara nikalI, vaha usake dvArA hAtha se pakar3a lI gii| vaha usako pakar3akara claa| gaye unake dvArA kahA gayA - usake dvArA kahA gayA taba unakI AvAja se yaha kyA hai ? - yaha kyA karate ho ? maiM do pAlI sattU le jAtA huuN| (kisI ke dvArA ) mahAjana-samUha ekatra kiyA gayA, 75 ve pUche unake dvArA jaisA huA saba kaha diyA gyaa| Aye hue mahAjana-samUha se nyAya kA nizcaya taTasthatApUrvaka sunA gyaa| ve gaMdhIputra parAjita hue| vaha mahilA kaThinAI se chur3avAlI gayI / bahuta dhana ke sAtha gAr3I lauTA dI gii|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 . gehi sUru ekkahiM gAme ekku suvaNNayAru vsi| tAsu rAyapahaho majjhabhAe haTTigA (haTTI) vijji| sayA majjharattihiM so suvaNNabhariu maMjUsA gaheppiNu niyadhari aagcchi| ekkayA tAsu bhajjAe ciMtiu-eho mahu bhattAru sayA maMjUsA gaheppiNu majjharattihiM gehi Agacchada, taM Na varu / jAvehi kayAvi magge corA milesaMti tAvehiM kiM hosai ? taiyA~ tAe niyabhattAru vuttu - "he piu ! majjharattihiM tau gihe AgamaNu Navi sohaNu ti| majjhabhAe kayAvi ko vi milesai taiyahu~ kiM hosai?" so kahei - "tuhuM mahu balu Nahi jANahi, teNa eva bollsi| mahu aggae narasau pi Agacchesahi te kiM karesahi majhu aggae te kiM vi karevaM Nau smtthaa| taI bhau Nau krievvuN|"em suNivi tAe / ciMtiu-gehi sUru mahu piu asthi, samae tAsu parikkhA kresuN| ekkayA sA niyaghara samIvavAsiNIhe khattiyANIhe ghari gameppiNu kahei - "he piyasahi ! tuhu~ tujjha bhattAraho savvu vatthabhUsu majjhu appi, mahu kiM pi paoyaNu asthi |"taae khattiyANI appaho piAsu asisahiasiraveDhaNa, kaDipaTTAi, suhaDavesu savvu smppiu| sA gahevi gehi gyaa| jaiyahu~ rattihiM ekku jAmu gaTha, taiyatuM sA taM savvu suhaDavesu parihAi, asi gaheppi nissaMcAre rAyapahe niggyaa| piaho haTTAhu nAidUre rukkhasu pacchA appANu AvareviNu tthiaa| kiMci kAle so soNNAro haTTa saMvarevi, maMjUsA ca hattheNa gaheppiNu so bhayabhaMto ettahe-tettahe pAsaMtu jhatti gacchaMtu jAvehiM tAsu rukkhasu samIu Agau, tAvehiM purisavesadhAriNI sA atthakae nIsaravi bhauNeM taM nibbhacchei - huM, huM, sabbu muMci, aNNahA maarihiuN| so sahasatti rudhiu, bhaeNa tharatharaMto 'maI Na mAresu, maiMNa mAresu' ema kaheppi maMjUsA appiaa| tao (to) taiyahu sA savva parihiavasthagahaNassu karavAla-aggu tAsu vacchi Thavivi vasaNAI pikddddhaavei|taam so parihiyakaDipaTTayametto jaao| tao (to)sA kaDipaTTaya pi maraNabhaya daMsAvi kddddhaavei| so evahiM jAo iva naggu jaau| sA savvu gahivi ghari gayA, gharadAru pihevi aMto thiaa|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 ghara meM zUra eka gA~va meM eka svarNakAra rahatA thaa| rAjapatha ke madhyabhAga meM usakI dukAna thii| vaha sadA madhyarAtri meM sone se bharI huI peTI ko lekara nijaghara meM AtA thaa| eka bAra usakI patnI ke dvArA socA gayA - yaha merA pati peTI ko lekara sadaiva madhyarAtri meM ghara meM AtA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai| jaba kabhI mArga meM cora mileMge to kyA hogA? taba usake dvArA apanA pati kahA gayA - "he priya ! madhyarAtri meM tumhArA isa prakAra ghara meM Agamana acchA nahIM hai, mArga meM kabhI bhI koI milegA to kyA hogA?" usane kahA - "tuma mere bala ko nahIM jAnatI ho, isalie (hI) tuma bolatI ho| mere sAmane saiMkar3oM manuSya bhI AyeMge, ve kyA kareMge ? mere sAmane ve kucha bhI karane ke lie samartha nahIM haiM / tumhAre dvArA bhaya nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie|" isa prakAra sunakara usake dvArA vicArA gayA - merA pati ghara meM zUra hai, (maiM) samaya para usakI parIkSA kruuNgii| eka bAra vaha apane ghara ke samIpa rahanevAlI kSatriyANI ke ghara meM jAkara kahatI hai - "he priya sakhI ! tuma tumhAre pati ke sabhI vastra-AbhUSaNa mere lie de do, merA koI prayojana hai|" usa kSatriyANI ke dvArA apane priya kI talavArasahita sira DhakanevAlA tathA kaTipaTTa Adi yoddhA kI vezabhUSA (Adi) saba hI de dI gii| vaha (unheM) lekara ghara meM gii| __jaba rAtri meM eka prahara bItA taba vaha usa sabhI yoddhAveza ko pahinakara talavAra ko lekara saMcArarahita rAjamArga para nikala gii| pati kI dukAna se najadIka per3a ke pIche apane ko chipAkara khar3I rhii| kucha samaya meM vaha sunAra dukAna ko baMdakarake, peTI ko hAtha se lekara bhaya se ghabarAyA huA idhara-udhara dekhatA huA, zIghra jAtA huA jaba usa per3a ke samIpa AyA taba puruSa kA veza dhAraNa karanevAlI vaha acAnaka nikalakara mauna se usakA tiraskAra karatI hai (aura saMketa se kahatI hai) -huM-hu~, saba chor3o anyathA mAra duuNgaa| vaha acAnaka roka liyA gayA, bhaya se tharathara kA~patA huA - 'mujhako mata mAro, mujhako mata mAro,' isa prakAra kahakara peTI dedii| taba usane sabhI pahine hue vastroM ko lene ke lie talavAra kI noka usakI chAtI para rakhakara pahane hue vastra bhI utaravA liye| taba vaha kaTipaTTamAtra hI pahane hue rhaa| taba usa kaTipaTTa ko bhI maraNabhaya ko dikhAkara utaravA liyaa| vaha aba bacce ke samAna nagna huaa| vaha saba lekara ghara gaI, ghara ke dvAra ko Dhakakara (bandakara) andara baiTha gii|

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18 apabhraMza-bhAratI-3-4 ___ so suvaNNayAru bhaeNa kaMpamANu ettahe-tettahe avaloeMtu maggi AvaNavIhIhiM gacchaMtu jaiyahaM sAgavAvArI haTTasamIva Agau taiyahuM keNa jaNeNa pakkacibbhaDu bAhira pakkhittu, taM tu tAsu suvaNNayArassu piTThabhAge lggiu| teNa NAu keNAvi hauM phriu|pitttthdesi hatthe phAsei, tetthu cibbhaDassu rasu bIAiM ca phAsevi viAriu-aho! hauM gADhayaru pahariu mhi| teNa ghAeNa samau soNiu pi niggau, tAsu majhe kIDagA vi smuppnnaa| ema accaMtabhayAulo turanteM gacchaMtu gharadAre smaagu| pihiu gharadAru pAsivi niyabhajjA AhavaNaho uccasare kahei - "he mayaNassu mAyA ! dAru ugghADe, dAru ugghaadde|" sA abbhaMtari thiyA suNaMtI vi asuNaMtI va kiMci kAlu thiaa| ai akkosaNe sA Agacchivi dAru ugghADiu ema pucchai - "kiM ai akkosasi ?" so bhayabhaMtu gihi pavisiu bhajjA kahei - "dAru turanteM pihAhi tAlagu pi desu|" tAe savvu karivi puTTa - "kiM eva naggu jAu?" teNa vuttu - "abbhaMtari avavarai cali, pacchA maI pucch|" gihasu aMte avavarai gamevi nicciMtu jaau| tAe puNu vi puTTha - "kiM ema naggu Agau?" teNa kahiu - "corahiM luMThiu, savvu avaharevi naggu ku|" sA kahei - "puvvi maI kahiu - "he sAmi ! paiM eva majjharattihiM maMjUsA gahevi Na AgacchevvauM, taiMNa maNNiu teNa ema jaau|" so kahei - "haDaM mahAbaliTTha vi kiM karauM ? jai paMca-cha vA corA AgayA hojjA tAvehiM tA savvA hauM jAevaM samatthu, ei u sau theNA AgayA, teNa hauM tahiM sahuM jujjhamANu parAjiu, savvu luMThevi naggu kiu, piTThadesu ya asieM hauM phriu| pAse piTThadesu, ghAeNa samau kIDagAvi uppnnaa|" tAe tAsu piTThadesu pAsi NAu-cibbhaDassu rasu biyAiM ca imAI sNti| bhattAraho vi kahiu-"sAmi ! bhayabhaMteNa paI ema jANiu - 'keNa vi haDaM pahariu ema tAvehiM soNita niggau, tetthu ya kIDagA vi samuppannA' taM Nau scc| tahuM cibbhaDeNa pahariu si, tAsu rasu bIyAiM ca piTThadesi laggAI ti|" tao (to) taho dehapakkhAlaNassu sA jala gaheppiNu AgayA, niyapai dehasuddhi karevi parihANavattha appaNi tAI ceva vatthAI appei| so tAI vatthAI pAsi dhiTThataNeNa kahei - huM, huM, maI tAvehiM cciya tuhaM NAyA, maI ciMtiu - mahu bhajjA kiM karei ? teNa harDa bhayabhaMto iva tetthu thiu, savvAharaNu uvekkhiu aNNahA mahu aggae itthI kA sattI ? sA kahei - " he bhattAra ! tau balu maI tAmahiM ceva NAu, tuI gehi sUru atthi, teNa ajjayaNAhu taiMmajjharattihiM maMjUsA gahi kayAviNau AgacchevvauM" ti bhajjA-vayaNu so aNgiikrei|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI - 3-4 vaha sunAra bhaya se kA~patA huA, mArga meM idhara-udhara dekhatA huA bAjAra mArga meM jAtA huA jaba sAga ke vyApArI kI dukAna ke samIpa A gayA (pahu~cA) taba kisI manuSya ke dvArA pakI huI kakar3I (khIrA) bAhara pheMkI gaI aura vaha usa sunAra kI pITha para lagI / usake dvArA samajhA gayA ( ki) kisI ke dvArA maiM prahAra kiyA gayA huuN| (usane) pITha para hAtha se chuA, vahA~ (usake dvArA) khIre ke rasa aura bIja ko chUkara vicAra kiyA gayA aho, maiM pragADharUpa se prahAra kiyA gayA hU~, isalie ghAva ke sAtha khUna bhI nikalA hai, usameM kIr3e bhI utpanna hue haiN| isa prakAra bhaya se atyanta vyAkula (vaha) zIghra calatA huA ghara-dvAra para phuNcaa| - bandahue gharadvAra ko dekhakara apanI patnI ko bulAne ke lie ucca svara se kahA - " he madana kI mAtA ! dvAra kholo, dvAra kholo|" vaha andara baiThI rhii| sunatI huI bhI na sunatI huI (sI) kucha kAla ThaharI / bahuta gussA karane para usane Akara aura daravAje ko kholakara isa prakAra pUchA - " bahuta kyoM cillAte ho ?" bhaya se grasta vaha ghara meM ghusakara patnI se kahatA hai - " dvAra zIghra banda karo, tAlA bhI lgaao|" saba karake usake dvArA pUchA gayA - " isa prakAra nagna kyoM hue ?" usake dvArA kahA gayA 'andara koTharI meM calo, pIche mujhako puucho|" ghara kI antima koTharI meM jAkara nizcinta huA / "usake dvArA phira pUchA gayA isa prakAra nagna kyoM Aye ?" usake dvArA kahA gayA- "coroM dvArA lUTA gayA hU~, saba chInakara nagna kiyA gayA hU~ / " ** - 44 usane kahA- "mere dvArA pahale (bhI) kahA gayA hai (ki) he svAmI! tumhAre dvArA madhyarAtri meM peTI ko lekara nahIM AyA jAnA cAhie, tumhAre dvArA (yaha) nahIM mAnA gayA, isalie isa prakAra huA hai / " usane kahA - "maiM mahAbalavAna (hU~, to bhI) kyA karU~ ? yadi pA~ca yA chaH cora Aye hote to una sabako maiM jItane ke lie samartha hotA kintu ye saikar3oM cora Aye isalie maiM unake sAtha lar3ate hue harA diyA gayA, saba lUTakara nagna kiyA gayA aura pITha meM talavAra se prahAra kiyA gyaa| pITha ko dekho, ghAvasahita kIr3e bhI utpanna hue (ho ge)|" - - 79 usake dvArA usakI pITha ko dekhakara jAna liyA gayA ye khIre ke bIja aura rasa haiN| pati ke lie hI kahA gayA- " he svAmI ! bhaya se grasta hone ke kAraNa tumhAre dvArA isa prakAra jAnA gayA hai - 'kisI ke dvArA maiM prahAra kiyA gayA (aura) isa prakAra usase khUna nikalA tathA vahA~ kIr3e bhI utpanna hue', vaha satya nahIM hai| tuma khIre ke dvArA prahAra kiye gaye ho, usakA rasa aura bIja pITha meM lage haiN|" taba usake deha - prakSAlana lie vaha jala lekara aaii| apane pati kI deha kI saphAI karake, pahanane ke lie upahAra meM (usane) ve hI vastra diye| vaha una vastroM ko dekhakara DhIThatA se kahatA hai - huM huM mere dvArA usa samaya hI tuma jAna lI gaI thiiN| mere dvArA vicAra gayA - merI patnI kyA karatI hai ? isalie bhaya se grasta kI taraha vahA~ rahA aura saba apaharaNa kI upekSA kI gii| anyathA mere sAmane strI kI kyA zakti hai ? usane kahA - " he svAmI! tumhArA bala mere dvArA usI samaya hI jAna liyA gayA ( thA ), tuma gRha - zUra ho| ataH Aja se tumhAre dvArA madhyarAtri meM peTI ko lekara kabhI bhI na AyA jAnA caahie|" isa prakAra patnI ke vacana ko usane aMgIkAra kiyA /

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