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10. THE NĀYA-STORIES IN THE ARDHAMĀGADHI AGAMAS
- Prof. R.P. Poddar, Pune
The third anga thāna mention four types of nāta / nāya, viz. āharana, āharana-taddesa, āharana-taddosa, uvannāsovanaya. Each type has four subtypes. Thus, of āharana , the sub-type are : avāya, uvāya. thavanākamma and aduppannavināsī. of taddesa, the sub-type are : Aņustthi, uvālambha, pucchā, milsā vayaro, of taddosa, the sub-types are adhammajutta, padiloma, attovanīta, suruvanīta, Of uvaññāsovaņaya, the sub-type are : tavvatthuka, tadańňavatthuka, padinibha and hetu. Of the sub-type, the last one, viz. hetu, has four variations : jāvaga, vaṁsaga, and lūsaga.
There is an elaborate discussion on the type and sub-types of nāta / nāya in the Dasaveyāliya Nijjutti (Gā. 49-88). The context is introduction of the first lesson Dumapupphiyā < Drumapușpikā. This lesson draws an analogy between the bees sucking honey from the flowers and the monks getting subsistence from the householders. As the bees do not cause any exhaustion to the tree. bearing flowers, so do the monks get alms from the householders without causing any worry to them.
The Nijjuttikāra comments that the words of the jain are self-established, yet, taking into consideration the listeners, or the pupils, at times an example or reasoning is enjoined to them, sometimes consisting of oive steps (pratijñā, hetu, udāharana, upanaya and nigamana) or even of ten (each of the five compounded with śuddhi).
There are two primary types of āharana-carita (based on life) and Kalpita(created by imagination). 'Nidāna' (bartering one's penances for fulfilmentof a desire) leads to suffering, as it happened with Brahmadatta' is of the first type. “Falling yello leaf saya to the green leaf on the tree, 'As I have been, so shall you be' i.e. time will wither you as it did me, is of the
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