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Suzuko Ohira
however it is pointed out that all the controversial questions existed in the previous redactions were set aside in the final version, 20 Umasvati brings in controversial issues of the days in the Bhasya, some of which are not traceable in the present canon Likewise certain citations made in the Bhasya are not locatable in the present canon, and it is true also as to certain concepts expressed in the T. S. T.S. I:20Bh, enumerates a list of angabahya, i.e., Samayika, Caturvımsatıstava, Vandana, Pratikramaŋa, Kayayyutsarga, Pratyakhyana, Dalavarkalika, Uttaradhyayana, Dala, Kalpavyavahara, Nistha, Rşibhaşita and so on. Nandisūtra 84 classifies angabahya into two, 1.e., Avaśyaka and Avasyakavyatırıkta, the latter of which is subdivided into Kalika and Utkalika types which reckon many texts that are not handed down to us. This Nandi classification of angabahya which evinces more advanced stage than the T S. treatment on it seems to have been prevalent in the later canonical stage as it is corroborated by the Anuyogad vara and Sthana,21 Umasvati must have therefore utilized the Mathura version of the canon.
Considering all these external and internal relevant factors, we suggest the date of the T.S. somewhere in the latter haif of the 5th century A.D, Thus from the information of the established praiasti record, Umasvati was active as the Vacaka of Uccairnagari bakha in U.P. and composed the T.S, sometime in the latter half of the 5th century A.D. at Pataliputra.
Footnotes
1. Prakasti reads as follows:
vicaka-mukhyasya vakiyaḥ prakāla-yakasaḥ prakisyena / Ayena ghoşanandi-kamanasyaıkādaingavidah //I vacanayă ca mahāvācaka-kṣamana-munḍapada-iisyanya / iyena vācakācārya-mula-namnah prathita-kirteḥ //2 nyagrodhika-prasutena viharata pura-vare kusuma-nāmni / kaubhişanına sväti-tanayena vätal-sutenarghyam //3 arbad-vacanam samyag-guru-kramen gatam samupadḥārya / duḥkhartam ca duragama-vihita-matim lokam avalokya /14 idam uccairnagara-vicakena sattvänukampaya dṛbdham / tattvärthadhigamakhyam spartam umisvätinä iästram //5 yas-tattvädhigamakhyam jayati ca karışyate ca tatroktam / so'vy bidha-sukhakhyam prapayaty acirena paramartham 1/6
2. Bühler's Introduction to E I., v 1, XLIII and v. 2, XIV. also his Indian Sect of Jainas, pp. 46-47 S.B. Deo History of Jaina Monachism from Inscriptions and Literature, p. 515 ff.
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3. EI., v. 1, XLIII, nos 1, 4-5, 13-14, 16, v. 2, XIV, nos. 34, 37.
I.A., XXXIII, nos. 5, 14. Babier notes that the name occurs four times in A, Cunningham's Collection and once perhaps twice in A, Führer's Collection of
61a
1889. (E.I., v. 1, p 379)
4. E.L., v. 1, XLIII, Introduction, 'ft. 32 5.1.4., XXXIII, no. 14
E.I., v. 1, XLIII, no. 13; v. 2, XIV, no. 34
