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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DHVANI-KAVYA AND VARIOUS RAGAS IN MUSIC, IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE SENTIMENTS (RASA-NIŞPATTI) Miss Roopa Kulkarni
• The word 'Dhvani has been used by Grammarians Rhetoricians, and Musicians in three different contexts Sanskrit Grammarians hold that every word has got two forms the outer non-eternal physical sound, formed by perishable syllables that we hear, and the permanent eternal form which flashes on our mind, ie Sphota Grammarians call the 'Srayamapa" letters as Dhvani, which suggest the sense in the form of Sphota
In this theory of Grammarians, Anandavardhana, the founder of the Dhvant school found a clue of the suggestive potentiality of language and declared that the conception of Dhyani in Poetics is based on the views of Grammarians Thus, he stated in the Dheanyalokaa
"Grammar being the source of all branches of learning, Grammarians are the foremost among the learned They use the term 'Dhyani' for the letters that are (spoken and ) being hoard. In the same way, the critics (via. the Dhyanı-theorists), too, have formulated their theory of Dhyani on the analogy of the Sphota, theory of Grammarians, They apply the self-same term Dhyani to the words and the expressed sense that severally and jointly suggest the implied sense, (prattyamanärtha), and they used the term 'Dhvani' in a technical sense, vIz, as Particular type of Poetry", perh aps for the first time.
Musicians also use the term 'Dhvani' to express the meaning 'sound' which has got three characteristics, namely Timber, Pitch and intensity. Such musical sound (Samgita-dhram or Nada) can Induce certain feelings 1 प्रतीत स्वार्थको लोके ध्वनिः शब्द उच्पते । तथा शब्द कुरु मा शब्दं कार्षीः शब्दकार्य मानवः इति ध्वनि कुर्वन्नेवमुच्यते । तस्माद् ध्वनिः शब्दः ।
- Vyākarana Mahabhasya, 1.1.1. 2 प्रथमे हि विद्वासो भैयाकरणाः व्याकरणमूलत्वात् सर्वविद्यानाम् से भूयमाणेषु वर्णेषु ध्वनिरिति व्यवहरन्ति । तथैवान्यैस्तन्मतानुसारिभिः सूरिभि. काव्यतत्त्वार्थदर्शिभि. वाच्य वाचकसम्मिश्रः शब्दात्मा काव्यमिति व्यपदेश्यो व्यञ्जकत्वसाम्याद् ध्वनिरित्युक्तः 1
- Dhvanyaloka, Uddyota I
also.
बुधै. वैयाकरने प्रधानभूतस्फोटकन्यायव्यवकस्य शब्दस्य ध्वनिरिति व्यवहार कृतः । अतस्तम्मानुसारिभिः अन्यैरपि न्यग्मावितवाभ्यभ्यञ्जनक्षमस्य शब्दार्थयुगखस्य |
-- Kavyaprakala, Ullian I
3 गीत नादात्मकं याये नादम्यत्तथा प्रशस्यते ।
तद्वयानुगतं नादाधीनमतस्ययम् || Sangita Ratulkars 1.2.1
