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The Evolution of Plant Reproduction
Many plants, such as, gourd 17, etc dovelop long, horizontal stems called runners (Valllyt: They grow several feet along the ground in a single season, and may develop new erect plants at every other node Other plants spread by means of similar stems called rhizomes, which grow underground, e.g. Bhadramutthale, Sediya (a kind of grass), Bhattiya, Dabhharo (a kind of grass), etc, aro particularly difficult to control because they spread by means of runners or rhizomes. Swollen underground stems or tubers, such as, wbite potato, Suranakandaal (Amorphophallus Campanlatus), etc also serve as a means of reproduction, "in fact, some of the cultivated varieties of potato rarely, if ever, produce seed and must be propagated by planting a piece of a taber containing bud or eye”*.
“Some beings born in trees originated by trees, sprung from trees', otc., springing from trees that originated 10 earth, come fortb as trees originated by trees "22
"Some beings born in trees....growing in trees, that are originated by trees, como forth as their bulb, stem, branches, twigs, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds."93
In the same way creepers, 24 grasses25, herbs 26 and small plant327 are to be known in regard to their reproduction
"Some beings born in earth, growing there in particles of earth that are the origin of various things, come forth as Aya, Vaya, Kaya, Kuhana (Mushroom), Kanduka, Uvvehaliya (Upehaniya), Niuvehaliya (Nivvehaniya), Esana Sacha, Chattaga, Vasaniya 28 & Kura,"20
"Somo beings born in water originated in water, grown in water eto. como forth as trees, creepers, grass, herbs and plants, 30 in the above manner."
"Some beings born in water, growing in particles of water that are the origin of various things, come forth as Udaga, Avaja 1, Panaga (fingus) Sevala82 (algac) Kalambuga's, Hada, Kaseruya3+ Kacchabhaniya, Uppala (Utpala), Pauma (Padma), Kumuya (Kumuda), Nalina:5, $ubhaga, Sogardhıya, Pondariya (Pundarika), Mahapondariya (Mahapundarlka), Sayavatta (Sata. patra), Sahassavatta (Sahasra patra), Kalhura, Kokanada, Aravinda and Tamarasas, as stalks and fibres of lotus, 88 Pukkhalas?, and Pukkhalatthi. bhaga''8g,
This brief account of plant reproducation as given in the Jaina texts shows that there takes place oniy agexual reproduction in all types of plants according to Jain Biology, Ode soul pervades the whole tree, it is the soul of the tree. Separate Jiyas (beings or bacteria), however, reside in its root, bulbs, stem, bark, branches, twigs, leaves, flowers, fruits and seedge,
The Bhagavanı Sutrarefers to ten instincts including maithuna (sexual union) of all beings-one-senged to five-sensed beings. It 18 stated that Kura. vaka treo bear fruits after embracing a female part of it.
