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studies may be said to begin with the edition and translation of Hemacandra's Yoagsästra by Windisch, publisched in Leipzig in 1874. This was followed by Weber's Uber die heiligen Schriften der Jaina In 1883, and the works of Hoerale (1885), and Schrader (1902) The notable succesaors of those pioneers wore Buhier, Jacobi, Glasenapp and Schubring. Bubler's brlof essay Ueber die Indische Secte der Jaina (1887)-translated into English by Burgess under the title on the Indian Sect of the Jainas (London 1903)-remains even to this day the best introduction to the Jaina religion, It established the independence of Jainism from Buddhism and gave frosh hopes for fading what Bubler calls the boundaries of originality between the different systems," Jacobi's major work, the Jaina sutras (SBE, 1882 and 1884), placed Jaina studies on a firm foundation, and established the antiquity of Jainism over Buddhism. His translation of the Tattoartha-sutra (1906) laid the basis for a systematic study of Jaina sastras and their vast non-canonical literature in Sanskrit. Glaseapp's Doctrine of Karman in Jaina Philosophy (Eng. tr. 1921) carried this study further, introduoing a now aet of technical literature known as the karma-grantha. Scbubring's learned work, Die Lehre der Jainas (1938)-recently translated into Boglish aa The Doctrins of the Jalnas (Delhi 1962)-may be considered the culmination of this line of resoarch; nothing more substantial has appeared subsequently on the Continent in the field of Jaina studies, Outside of Germany the frenchman Guéridot was the only major continental contributor to Jaina studies. His monumental Essai de Bibliographie Jaina (1906), is the only significant bibliographical work on Jainism, and served as a basis for Winteroitz's section on Jaina literature in his History of Indian Literature (1933), still the only comprehensive hiatoy of Jaina literature.
In England the major emphasia in Indological studies was placed on the Vedas and Brahmanism on the one hand, and Pali and Buddhism on the other. The names of Max Muller, Arthur Macdonell and A. B. Keith are Associated with the former, those of Mr and Mrs. Rhys Davids and the Pall Text Society, with the latter. It is of some interest to note here that one of the earliest pablications of tho Pali Text Society was the first critical edition of the Ayaranga Sutta by Jacobi in 1882 2 One might have expected this to lead to the founding of a parallel Prakrit Text Socistv.d but the Ayaranga was destined to be the only Jaina text ever to be publlsbod in England. On the whole Jaina studies drew little attention, with several notable exceptions. Most early English references to Jalnism were mounts of travel in India during the period of the East India Company.
those of Buchanan and Colonel Tod (Travels in Western India, 1839). The first British contribution to Jaina scholarship was probably Jam Ferguson's History of Indian and Eastern Architecture (1891 in which + author devoted two excellent chapters to the North and South Indian Jalna
