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Samādhitantram
term (sādhya) is known. While the pratijñā is a proposition of two terms, the hetu is a one-term proposition.
The middle term (hetu) has both, the association (anvaya) and the distinction (uyatireka), with the major term (sādhya). Association (anvaya) establishes the homogeneousness (sādharmya), and distinction (vyatireka) the heterogeneousness (vaidharmya) with the major term (sādhya).
Association (anvaya) establishes logical connection (vyāpti) by positivity: “The hill is full of fire (major term) because it is full of smoke (middle term), as a kitchen,” – presence of the major term (sādhya) is attended by presence of the middle term (hetu or sādhana) - presence-in-homologue (sādharmya).
Distinction (vyatireka) establishes logical connection by contrariety: “The hill has no smoke (major term) because it has no fire (middle term), as a lake,” – absence of the major term (sādhya) is attended by absence of the middle term (hetu or sādhana) - absence-in-heterologue (vaidharmya).
Smoke has invariable togetherness (avinābhāva) with fire: smoke means existence of fire, and there is no smoke without fire. Fire, on the other hand, has no invariable togetherness (avinābhāva) with smoke as there can be fire without smoke. It cannot be said that fire must have smoke, and that without smoke there is no fire.
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